«4°,* »°*+. -*<*> q*. ♦..'•* a • "£*. A?* * **^/*< V » I • ' o. ♦'"XT*' A <, '^.l** ,6* ^o. "♦-"TTT*' A <, -r.T*" ,6*" V ♦-TT'' A v • ' • °* c\, r. ^o >^ . . ••v.--. v V c 0^ .^V.*b ^ °^> *^T» A v ^ • «? ^ • ©WS * aV -i o ^-> •* a • "*^ a*" * • U a* *^ A° 9+ *'^ • j^Stv^'^ o 1 •l^L'. ^ ^» a v ^ • «A <► ./V ^ '- 1 A" <5^ i** '% a* ' ^Wa* '^ $**' / ^K** ^ a* ' 'jsMk' "\ a* ."*. <*>. o v . • • • • *b ^** .<■'•. °^^ tm*. V„. c :^«-- o ._ S ', .S .5 , Musically . . . i IT IS OF IMMENSE IMPORTANCE WHAT PIANO YOU BUY ITS LIFE WILL !^,L W ! N .H. YEAR _ S _ OR MORE ' AN ° ™ ESE YEARS ARE T ° MAKE OR MAR YOUR MUSICAL LIFE. Your Daughter wants a PIANO this year. You can afford to buy her one, as it is an investment which is sure to bring gladness to the whole family and make home doubly attractive. DCN'T FORGET WHEN YOU DECIDE TO PURCHASE EXAMINE THE "CONOVER" The only STRICTLY high-grade Piano manufactured in the West. Conover-r* Piano Company 2 19 and 221 Wabash Avenue gryn At.iu-r Jtoi-t Hill r/Wc /, Snmnlenlnle J. n. | /rot'np naming ■Hontrosc Belmont nt Clare iGalewood L_< , Hunting Ave Bouleugrd \ llilraoo Difrlag OF THE City of Chicago IMolA PARk IMROLDI EXPLANATION: City Limits Parks and Boulevards Railroads . Stations Jr.innEi.ii n riBic IMHUUSjl - — v*: Mfidison I □ r^* | St JpflVrM.il T.iri Vernon Parlita Chiog 59th Si La"P _M. C'irV.; i 77»t 79f* ci la»i F..rll Soulb. Lynpf 6911- SI. ^ T — ^4 1 i /" 7 'a. *»■ Wad Si "CbaE.IU. Auburn fi &5lh pi. RAILROADS Depot No AtchtsOD. Topcka 4 Santa Fe 6 Baltimore 4 Ohio J Chicago*: Alton Chicago, Burlington 4 Qulnc) 3 Chicago Central ' Chicago 4 Eastern Illinois <; Chicago A Erie * Chicago* Grand Trunk ]> Chicago Ureal Western ......... 7 Chicago, Milwaukee * St. Paul 3 Chicago 4 Northern Pacific ... * Chicago & North-Westrn I Chicago. Kock Island 4 Pacibc i Chicago 4 So. Western . Chicago & West Michigan B Chicago 4 Western Indiana ■-.--• Illinois Central . »■ =■ Kankakee Line , ( ,C..C 4 St-L.jS. 5. 1 Lake Snore* Michigan Southern . 4 Louisville. New Albany 4 < hlcago b Michigan Central ..... ..--- -■ "• =■ ' New York, Chicago 4 St. Louie » Pittsburg, Cincinnati. Chicago 4 Pit taburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago . 3 Wabash % -Wisconsin Central ' . \Kenwooa" tfMadison Park WJ SHINGTOX PARK St T JACKSON \^TARK utli Shore odsor Park lletlli:Ull .Clitltt-nlium ^ loJ, Mt-Nkll* a. Co '• Mtp of iL* Oily *f irocti 1m%|ii. itsi. bj bad, Hdhlb i I H.^wi-li^ - ■ Studebaker Bros. Mfg. Co IIiivi- flu- IhiuumI I 1 , ^"" " ^^^ ^^ • hive Hi.- larttt-xt an. I l>. >si , mi i ,,,„,| r,,! ,„-,,., i, Hi.- iji-.MiiK-tioii ,,r i ink ( vi{' K , V( ,| ^ ,., ,.",," Ov wAv< r ■mil HARNESS, of all styles ,.a,l . K -<-,-' ,,,i..,, J. v,ON> - SOUTH BEND. IND. and CHICAGO. ILL. Repositories at Chicago. New York, San rraneisco, Portland. Ore.. Kansas City. St. Joseph, Mo., and Salt Lake City. SS> £ Agencies in all the principal town cities in the United States. Catalogues on application. s and ...An Attractive Linear* All the Best... iW't-t ggpM imm R. BOOKWALTER, City Passenger and Ticket Agent, 182 CLARK STREET. CHICAGO Depot. Dearborn Station Charles l. Stone, General Passenger Agent. C+IICAGO Cure Yourself ^COTT, WITH OUR INSTRUMENT AND HOME TREATMENT V *H*M -^^^^nai^^^"" R amey's Medicator... CT T UT7Q Catarrh, Catarrhal Deal m as, Headache, *- ivE/O Neuralgia. I ooghs, Colds, Bronchitis, Asthma, Hay Fever, La Grippe, etc., <>r monej re- funded. *RICE COMPLETE, WITH FOUR £■ p f» (\ MONTHS' TREATMENT BV MAIL. ^* *- ■ ^ W Tin- medicine is put on a Bpoiige In enlarged jmrt of inedlcatOT Insert twin tubes h> aostrUs, single tube in mouth, then blow: thus your lungs force higblj medicated afr into all parts of the head and throat. Send for terms, testimonials, and full particulars. AnpnR Wantprl Large profits for ladies or gentle- Agents wanieo. me * » Nii ,, xperlem .,. required. Ask yam druggist fur RAMEY'S MED1CATOR. Take no other. gen. howard says : Times Building, Chicago. Ramev Medic ati h: Co., 85 Dearborn Street, City. The Ramev Midi' atnr and treatment for catarrh and kindred affections we have tried. It reaches directly the part affected, and the treatment has proved Invariably beneficial. very truly yours, C. H. Howard. GOV. CHASE SAYS: Executive Dept., Indianapolis, lxi>. I have used your Med teat or with entire satisfaction for colds and catarrhal trouble. When used according to directions its effect Is imme- diate and a cure seems certain. 1 shall not travel without it. Very respectfully, Ira J. Chase. HAY FEVER- What a Prominent Clergyman Says Chicago, III. I have used RamevV Medicator and Compound Inhalant for Hay Fever and found relief. 1 6hould think such a remedy would be valuable for colds and catarrh. Rev. H. W. Thomas, People's Church deafness and catarrh cured. South Bethlehem. Pens, 1 bought one of your Medlcators last fall for Catarrh. It benefited me no much. I had lost my hearing, and got it back by the use of tout. Medicator. Respectfully. W. H. Fvhr, 619 Cherokee St. RAMEY MEDICATOR CO., 85 Dearborn Street, - - Chicago, III. Knights Templars and Masons Life Indemnity Company HOME OFFICE: 1303 Masonic Temple, ....CHICAGO.... W. H. GRAY, - Genebal Managed GEO. M. MOULTON, - President Insurance in lorcc, Januan 1 si, 189b, Policies " " " I89h, Net Cash Assets " " 1896. Increase in net assets over last year, $25,703,398.00 7,509 $311,328.85 25,855.21 PDotograpber CHICAGO. Cor State and Madison Sts champlain building » * * AWARDED Silver Medal at (Juincy Exposition, lSSo. Gold Medal at Quincy Exposition, 1880. Gold Medal at Photographic Exposition, Milwaukee, Silver Medal at Photographic Exhibition, Chicago, 1886. Gold Medal at Photographic Exhibition, Minneapolis, iSSS. Gold Medal at Photographic Exhibition, Boston, 1889. Bronze Medal at Photographic Exhibition, Washington, D. C., 1S90. Diamond Badge at Photographic Exposition, Chicago, 1893 Medal and Diploma at Worlds Fair, Chicago, 1893. P. S.— Our Finest $5.00 Platinum and Enameled Cabinets reduced to $2.50 per dozen. Repairing and Painting in all its branches. WM. HESELSHWERD, Manufacturer of "' ^^"^ — -■— -■ — Carriages and Business Wagons 151-153 E. 39th Street Chicago. «*> Telephone, Oakland jgy. TRADE , /; \ ^» | MARK USE DR. KILMER'S SURE HEADACHE CURE. Worth 51.00 a Tablet.... Or Kilmer'- Sure Headache Cure is worth $i .„, - t tablet to me when I have Sick Headache. It cures nic every time. Mrs. Berrymax, High Gate Va Camera Exchange kodaks |fg| PHOTO, SU PPLIES DEVELOPING and PRINT ING,. . . MAIL ORDERS PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO Boston Photo Finishing Co. 60S, 126 STATE STREET CHICAGO, OTHERS SAY THE SAME. Worth its Weight in Gold.... Dr. Kilmer's Sure Headache Cure is worth its weight in gold and has cured every case that tried it. W. E. Moore, House, X. C. Every Box Cures.... Dk. Kil.mek & Co., South Bend, Ind.: Send me one gross of Dr. Kilmer's Sure Headache Cure. It goes like wild tire and every box give- perfect satisfaction. S. A.Bessemer Hartwick, X. V., March 17, 1894 25 Cts a Box 25 Doses SAMPLE FREE. THE PERFECT CUFF HOLDER Fastens the Cult in the Lining 01 the Coat Sleeve. . . Holds th.- cuO in exactly the .nine position ,,t all times Ju-t what .„ neurei - Have been rantuuj. Will last a lifetime. „r„ , , . „ Can not net out of order. Will save their price in Iaun- BEST WAY 1 . I' . : /i' h . claapsopen. place raB In portion in coat TO HOLD - l . ve.-itter coat is on. then press down on the outside of Tur rucrc ^ecve.clo-intf the clasp, thus the jaw, of the "HE CIFFS THE PERFECT CUFF HOLDER CO., 85 Dearborn St., Chicago. Chicago's Health and Pleasure Resort— " The Carlsbad of America " Accessible North and Soi-th— ^"ia •• Monun Route " Chicago Co Louisville and connections. East \n*d West— Via B. & o. s. W. Ry. Cincinnati to St. Louis and connections. Distance-Miles... Chicago . Cincinnati Evansville Indianapolis . La Fayette Louisville St Louis Terre Haute . One can arrive at the Springs the same day from above localities. Round-trip tickets can be had at reduced rates. Free bus to and from all trains. West Baden mineral Springs LOCATED AT WEST BADEN, ORANGE COUNTY, IND. NO SPRI.NCS on THIS CONTINENT as yet analyzed, afford m..rc than a fourth part of the quantity of sulphurated hvdrogen, and their gaseous contents are destructive - if microbes of disease. These waters are alterative and tonic, when moderatelv used: in larger quantities are' powerful .'.-mutators, acting upon the bowels, kidneys, and skin, with- out, however, producing an v irri- tating effect. To The Invalid. The many cures effected by the use of these waters for the' last thirty years gives the strongest - - ;-f£jL m * it A*i Jg assurance of relief. WEST BADEN SPRINGS HOTEL. To Those Not Invalids. Sham H.at.B K tr,cL,g,U.T t l^mpl,.Ex B n a .andOail a Matt Facilities The old maxim that-,,,, ounce RATES $2.00 TO $3.00 PER DAY "1 Preventive is tetter than a found of cure conveys its ,, W n OPEN THROUGHOUT THE YEAH. suggestion. to al.'^K'st^uIntTf^r^^^^e" X^^U"^^^^ ££ "(, '^BrYetyT" They are antagonistic common when artificial remedies are used. trueuts - ana seated appetites entire!) from the system - without resultant evils — so these curative wal era The eminent Pr^^^hdS^J^^S^Sf'^M? BLOOD AILMENTS yie.d , ., •" confess that^an^um^ Europe and of this country, and I arn free agent to the mucous membrane, m^ta , San-, aA^^^r i-"^' ' ",' ? toma,;h ' < he li « r - «"<1 '"* kidnlys, as a hea in! ever prescribed. The range of their ^dapUbiilt'^s^^thafif UtaSSd'^SISf S'* """'" '"' "^ ^^ ***"* ^ ' ha " WEB^S^?'^ "x ■**»« BILLIES, Chicago; DR . Geo. W. .nedffirJJpeVtPi '^J'S^SJSJ^^S^ o^hTVuitecT StS 'l? \^i ?'/' '- "° '"" '" their - lual "«= l-r pamphlets or information, address West Baden Springs Co. West Baden. Indiana, or 269 Dearborn Street, Chicago. World's Medical Institute Suite 211-212, 56 Fifth Avenue. iCOKNER RANDOLPH STREET. - - CHICAGO, ILL. Expert Special Physicians and Surgeons. * # * * ♦ SPECIALTIES: — Chronic Nervous and Delicate Diseases of Men; Skin and Kidney Diseases, Asthma, Rheumatism, etc. Female Diseases. : PROMPT RELIEF IN EVERY C/VSE. SURGICAL OPERATIONS A SPECIALTY. HOURS: 9 A. M. TO 5 P. M. SUNDAY, W A. M. TO 12 /VOO*. THE LATEST ACKNOWLEDGED Standard Manual FOR Presidents, Secretaries, Directors, Chairmen, Presiding Officers. AND EVERYONE IN INY WAY I ONNECTED WITH PI BLIC LIFI ..]< CORPORA! E BODIES, 1- Reed's Rules HON. THOMAS B. REED, Speaker of the House of Representatives. Try Megrimine.... IT IS A POSITIVE CURE FOB ALL FORMS OF Headache and Neuralgia After Megrimine has relieved you recommend it to vour friends CAUTION.— None Genuini unless Labeled Dr. Whitehall's Megrimini . THE DR. WHITEHALL MEGRIMINE CO., Oliver Opera House Block, South B end, Indi a na Td. S. A FREE TO LADIES. \ trial box of OAK BALM, which will cure you it you are sick, weak headachy, unable to work, or suffer from female troubles which doctors can not cure. Oak Balm is the only natural genuine remedy tor these disorders. I am so sure of its good effort that 1 will mail you a trial box FREE, if you will send me yournameand address Mrs. W. Haight. South Bend, lnd. •Reasonable, richt. and ri^id." .1. STERLING MORTON, Secretary of Agriculture. "I commend the book most highly " W. MoK.INI.KY, Governi IN HANDY POCKET FORM. CLOTH, 75 CENTS; LEATHER, $1 .25. RAND, MCNALLY A. CO., CHICAGO. MARS and GUIDES TO ALL OF THE PRINCIPAL CITIES ANii Every Country in the World Globes, Map Ka.ks. Spring Map Rollers, German Maps. Wall . im , ,.. Historical Maps, Classical, Biblical, Hist. Anatomical. Astronomical, Physical, and General Atlases ol all kinds kepi in stock A I RAND. McNALLY & CO.. Map Publishers and Engravers. 162 to 172 Adams Street. Chicago. In all "UNRIVALED CHICAGO" there is no establishment so remarkable as our STORE OF ALL THE PEOPLE,' no production so unique, so wonderful in its effect upon the affairs of the People (we mean the thrifty, wide-awake ones), as our new General Catalogue ™* ***** Supers' Guide GE T IT- GET OTHERS TO GET IT. * If "** is a book of 700 pages, containing 13.000 illustrations, and more than 40,000 ■I dependable descriptions, including almost everything that's used in life. "It" te ^ s vou wflat y ou ou ght to pay, no matter what you buy, or where you 11 buy it. "It" should ^ e m t Qe house of every bright buyer, the true and trusty guide to '*■ the value of all that's bought, showing how and where the most and best for the money may be had. **If " is sent to any address for 15 cents, in coin or stamps. The book itself is free " — the 15 cents is to pay part of the actual postage or expressage. WE Vii* GET IT- GET OTHERS TO GET IT, for the CO-OPERATION of the People is what enables us to make and maintain prices in their favor, saving them the always high, and often exorbitant, charges of "middlemen." ^U£td*& T HE STORE OF ALL THE PEOPLE. MONARCHS OF THE MAIL ORDER BUSINESS. Call and look through our great 10-acre store when in the city. We have uniformed guides, who will show you all points of interest; and, our word for it, you'll enjoy and never forget the visit. Ill to 116 Michigan Avenue, CHICAGO. UNRIVALED CHICAGO CONTAINING AN HISTORICAL NARRATIVE OF THE GREAT CITY S DEVELOPMENT AND V Descriptions of Points of Interest, such as Pares, Boulevards, Prominent Buildings. Public Institutions, Colleges, Railroad Depots, Hotels, Etc with BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF REPRESENTATIVE MEN IN THEIR SEVERAL LINES. PRO FUSEL Y ILL USTRA TED ACCOMPANIED BY TWO ACCURATE MAPS OP THE CITY. CHICAGO AND NEW YORK: RAND, McNALLY & COMPANY, PUBLISHEES. 1896. GENERAL INDEX. ILLUSTRATIONS. Page Adams, George E 36 Aldrich, Chas. H 36 Armour Institute 95 Auditorium Hotel, entrance to Mich- igan ave S3 Bancroft, Edgar A 37 Barnum, Wm. H 37 Belrield, Dr. Wm. T 101 Bevan, Dr. A. D 11)0 Bisbee, Lewis H 37 Bishop, Dr. S. S 102 Board of Trade Building 53 Bond, L. L 3S Booth, A., Packing Co.'s Building... 62 Brewster, E. L 54 Brooks, Dr. Almon, Residence 103 Brooks, Dr. Almon 102 Brophy. Dr. T. W 124 Brown, George W 39 Brown. Dr. Sanger 102 Bucklin. H. E., Building 5s Bucklin, H. E 59 Bunker, Chas. H 62 Byford. Dr. Henry T 104 Camp, Isaac N 71 Chicago Athletic Association 22 Chicago University, The 91 Chicago Varnish Co.'s Building 63 Coe, Albert L 77 Colburn, Dr. Joseph E 104 Coleman, Dr. W. F 104 College of Physicians and Surgeons. 93 Collins, L. C. Jr 47 Columbus Memorial Building 25 Corner State and Monroe Streets.. 1 Counselman, Chas 55 Cowperthwait, Dr. A. C 106 Crafts, Clayton E 38 Cudahy, John 57 David, Dr. Cyrenius A 112 Davis, Dr. Charles G 105 Davis. Jr., Dr. N. S 105 Dunn. John 80 i Dynamo Room, Edison Co 60 Eberhart, John F SO Elk in Lincoln Park 19 Elliott, Edward S 40 Elliott, Wm. S.. Jr 41 Etheridge. Dr. J. H 107 Field, M. & Co.'s Building 85 First National Bank Building 54 Fourth Baptist Church 98 Fowler. Frank T 65 Gage, Lyman J 53 Gilman. Dr. John E 108 Goldspohn, Dr. A 109 Graceland Cemetery. Scene in 78 Grand Pacific Hotel 5 Grant Monument 3 Gray, Wm. H 74 Gridley, N. C 40 Grosvenor, Dr. L. C 110 Harper, Wm. H 57 Hedges, Dr. S. P ill Herald Building 12 Hirschl, Andrew J 46 Hurd, Harvey B 44 Hyde, Dr. James N m Ingals, Dr. E. Fletcher m Insurance Exchange Building 27 Isham. Dr. R. N 113 Ives, Dr. F. B 112 Jay, Dr. Milton 113 Jones, Dr. S. J 113 Jones, J. M. W 71 Kaestner, Chas. & Co.'s Building.... 66 Karpen, Adolph 65 Keeney. James F 75 Kent, S. A 55 Kimbark, S. D 79 Kimball. W. W ' 75 King, Dr. Oscar A 114 Knight. Clarence A 42 Knights Templar and Masons' Life Indemnity Co. .. Kretzinger, Geo. W Kurz, Adolph Lawrence, Edward F Learning, Jeremiah Lily Pond, Lincoln Park Lily Pond, Washington Park. Lincoln Monument Lincoln Park 81 ■In 46 M 42 90 21 :-;2 .. IS Lincoln Park 15 Linne, Statue of 24 Low. Dr. James E 124 Lowden, Frank 43 Ludlam, Dr. Ruben 116 Madden, M. B 64 Manierre, Dr. Chas. E 115 Mann, James R 43 Map. Mouth of River 8 Martin, Dr. Franklin H 115 Mason, Wm. E 44 Masonic Temple. The 84 McArthur. Dr. L. L 100 McCormick Seminary 94 McFatrick, Dr. Geo. W 114 McFatrick, Dr. James B 114 Miles, Dr. Franklin 117 Miller. O. E 75 Miller. Dr. Truman W 117 Monadnock Block 14 Monroe. H. S 45 Murdcck, Dr. E. P US Newberry Library 96 Newman, Dr. H. P 118 iNew England Congregational Ch'cli. 99 Noel, Theo., Office 76 Ottawa Indian Monument » Owens, Dr. John E 119 Parker, J. Grafton 78 Parker, John R 47 Pratt, Dr. Edwin H '122 Quincey, T. S 72 Rand-McNally Building 30 Relic House 77 Rosenthal, James "46 Rush Medical College 92 Sattley. W. N "71 Scanlan, Kickham 48 Schiller, Statue of 10 Schiller Theater 87 Schoeninger, Adolph, Residence..!::] 70 Schoenmger, Adolph 69 Seal Pond " 17 Sherman, E. B " 45 Smith, Abner 35 Smith, Dunlap "78 Smith, Lloyd J 55 South Water Street ' 26 Spalding, Dr. Heman !.'!'l20 State Street, north from Quiney 4 Star Accident Building 79 Stearns, Dr. W. M "I'l Stensland, P. O S2 Streeter Hospital, The .'...' 120 Streeter, Dr. J. W 120 Studebaker Building, Wabash ave.'. 68 btudebaker Building, Michigan ave. 67 Studebaker Residence, South Bend.. 6S Studebaker. Peter E 66 Studebaker Works, South Bend..::'.! 67 Tacoma Building 52 Tatge. Wm. H " 47 Thurston. Dr. E. H 121 Thornton, Chas. S 49 Torrence, J. T., Residence of...."" 73 Torrence, J. T 74 Trainor, John C 49 Trine, Dr. John G 123 Union Park 23 Union Stock Yards .'"81 Unity LTnitarian Church "97 Venetian Building 89 Vocke, William 49 Wacker, Charles H ,,' 68 Wait, Horatio L "50 Western Bank Note Co.'s Building.. 61 Wheeler, H. A 58 Wisner, Albert, Residence 8B Winston, Frederick S 51 INTRODUCTION. THE QUEEN OF THE CONTINENT, with her throne planted ou the west shore of Lake Michigan, and with a domain which extends to every part of the Western Hemis- phere, which men have named "Chi- cago," could not have selected a i in ne unpromis- ing location, so far as outward ap- pearances went, when that loca- tion was deter- mined. A b road swamp, threaded by sluggish hay OUS, rank with skunk cabbage, wild garlic, and other unsavory weeds, certainly could have given but slight grounds for pre- dicting a fut ure city. Moreover, it is claimed b y those whose opin- ion is entitled to respect, that it was only through a sheer error that the city which should have grown up about the mouth of the St. Joseph or the Calumet, came to he located around here, on the west- ern side of the lake; and that the laud which the government actu- ally bought for its fort at the mouth of the Chekagou river, was a very fair section in In- diana, and not the swamp which was inadvertently taken. In early days the ditch now known as from the fa the Chicaeo river reached hack into the prairie within a very short distance of the Des Plaines (with which it has since been united), leaving only a short portage to be made in a journey A BUSY CORNER -STATE AND MONROE STREETS. Eastern lakes to the mouth of the Mississippi. And later, when the Northwest UNRIVALED CHICAGO. north and south. The exception noted above is, that south of Twelfth street, the streets and avenues take their initial numbers from the streets which they cross. Thus, beyond Twelfth street the numbers run from 1200 upward until Thirteenth street is reached, when they begin again with 1300, and so on. A movement is on foot to apply this simple method to the entire city; but at present a street number guide is necessary to a stranger who wishes to And his way about easily. Chicago's rapid growth in population has be- Pork packing is one of the principal indus- tries, the growth of which is shown in the fol- lowing table. Number of hogs packed in Chi- cago during the year: 1854 52,849 I860 151,339 1871 919,997 1881 5,752,101 1895 5,784,070 Beef packing has grown with like rapidity. STATE STREET, LOOKING NORTH FROM QUINCY STREET. come proverbial— about 20 per cent, annual in- During the season of 1863-64, there were packed creas< — and her rise in wealth and importance here 70,086 cattle, while in 1894-95, the number has been phenomenal. A few figures will suf- had risen to 1,803,466. The -rain trade has in- fice to illustrate this development. Population: creased from 6,928,459 bushels received in IS.-)::, and 37,235,027 bushels in 1860, in 189,432,819 1830 70 bushels in 1891. Shipments, which began with 1 1M0 4 - 8 53 78 bushels of wheat in 1838, had grown by 1870 Jfg| - !, - !l " :1 to 54,745,903 bushels of grain of all kinds (flour } ' _ 112,172 included, reduced to its equivalent in grain). "*™ 298,977 and in 1895 reached the sum of 171.404,137. '' s " 503,185 Tin- lumber receipts, which in 1S."5;{ aggregated ]H° 1,208,669 202.101.000 feet, and 93,483,000 shingles had lbM 1,657,727 reached, in 1895, 1,638,130,000 feet, and 352, INTRODUCTION. 313,000 shingles, i^alt receipts had increased in the same period from 81,789 t<> L,994,056 bui'- rels; coal, from 38,548 to 6,091,284 ions; hides. from 1,274,311 to 90,822,102 pounds; wool, from 1,030,600 to 51,371,694 pounds. The clearing house statement of the associated hanks of Chicago for the past six years is as follows: 1SS7 $2,969,216,210 L888 : > ,.ir,::,774,4<;L.' 1889 3,379,925,188 1890 4,093,145,904 1891 4,456,885,230 1895 5,614,979,203 ONE OF THE OLD-TIME GLORIES OF CHICAGO — THE GRAND PACIFIC MOTEL. HISTORICAL SKETCH EARLY HISTORY. The early history of Chicago will be a subject of increasing interest as it grows older and takes on greater commercial importance. Whal was it in its beginnings, what were the causes of its phenomenal growth? are questions that peo- ple will ask themselves with increasing fre- quency. Then the antiquarian and the archaeolo- gist will vie in feinting out information about its early history, its people, and their times. The .Miami Confederation of Indian tribes, including the Illinois, from which the State de- rives its name, are generally supposed to have been the early proprietors of the site of Chicago, and the first recorded white visitor to the spot was probably the Sieur Jean Nicolet. He at least "visited the villages of the Illinois" some- where about 1634, and among them, probably, the important settlement near the mouth of the Checagou river. Later, in K.72-74, Louis Joliet, a trusted agent of Count Frontenac — then Governor of "New France"— and Father Jacques Marquette, a devoted priest of the So- ciety of Jesus— appear, from the French chroni- cles, to have visited and explored the Chicago liver. Fragmentary allusions in these same records, however, tend to prove that long before this period the French trappers and fur-traders were familiar with the locality. Thus, Mar- quette, in 1674, falling ill on his way up the ( 'hicago river, was visited and cared for by two trappers — one of them, fortunately for him, a surgeon — who had their cabin near by. Nicholas Perrot, also, is said to have visited the place in Kill; and, after the death of Mar- quette, in 1675, Father Claude Allouez, suc- ceeding him in the mission of the Illinois, made several trips hither. By some, again, it is confidently asserted that La Salle preceded Joliet in his first visit; but, however the honors may stand in point of time, to Joliet certainly belongs the credit of having first given to the Chicago river a definite po- sition in the geography of our country, and to him also pertains all the honor of first propos- ing the canal that now connects the waters of Lake Michigan with those of the ( '.ulf of Mexico, a scheme which required nearly 200 years to convince engineers of its feasibility. The stories of these early explorers and mis- sionaries read more like romances told by some ingenious fabricator of adventures, than sober fact; and there is no page in American history more fascinating than those relating to the French explorations in the Northwest; nor are there to be found instances of greater hardi- hood, grander perseverance in the face of well- nigh insurmountable difficulties, or nobler self sacrifice in the cause of duty, than the lives of these voyageurs and missionaries furnish. Often disappointed, almost constantly suffer- ing, these brave men pressed onward to the martyrdom which they knew as a rule awaited them. Especially is this true of the Jesuit mis- sionaries, who, for the generous purpose of sav- ing the souls of unknown and unwilling savages, freely laid down their lives in the trackless wilderness; and. as one fell beneath the burden of his labors, or under the treachery of his flock, another eagerly and enthusiasti- cally took his place, and followed him to a simi- lar death. There was nothing in the site of Chicago as these early explorers saw it, to tempi the eye or hint of future importance — a sluggish estuary creeping tortuously through marshes and sands into the desolate lake, and behind it, as far as sight could reach, nothing but sandy barrens, malarious marshes, and trackless prairies; the very name, signifying in the Miami tongue, "skunk cabbage, wild onion, or garlic," might have been repulsive enough to discourage them. Rut, to our advantage, visitors continued com- ing. In H'>78, La Salle, having secured from the French King a patent of nobility, as well as a grant of seigniory for Fort Frontenac. on Lake Ontario, undertook in earnest the exploration of the Mississippi and Illinois rivers. With him, among other followers, came three Flemish friars, two of them, Fathers Membre and Ri- bourde, being the immediate successors of Fath- ers Marquette and Allouez in the Illinois mis- sion. The expedition encountered many difficulties in its wanderings; but, during the period between 1678 and 1683, La Salle crossed the Chicago portage several times. Sometime during 1685, a fort was built here by Durantaye, one of La Salle's followers, and the letters of the French Catholic missionaries of the time show that in 1699 there was a flour- ishing Jesuit mission at the same place. As time passed, the locality of Chicago saw many changes of ownership, and had successive visitors. In 177U a large tract of land, includ- EARLY HISTORY. ing the site of i li<- presenl city, was purchased by William Murray, for five shillings, and "cer- tain merchandise," from its red proprietors. This purchase, in turn, passed into the bands of an American company, bul the governmenl finally refused to confirm the title, and in 1795 the United States secured by treaty a tract of land six miles square, surrounding the mouth of the < 'hicago river, intending to establish here a military post. 1795 TO THE INCORPORATION. An Irishman said that "the first white settler in Chicago was a black man." Writing on July 4. 1779, the then British Commander at Fort Michiliniackinac mentions this "oldest inhabi- tant" as "Baptiste Point De Sable, a handsome negro, well educated, and settled at Eschika- gou, but much in the Flench interest." This Point De Sable was a Santo Domingoan slave. who had probably tied from his Spanish masters to the kindlier protection of the French in Louisiana. Anyway, he became a trapper, and established his cabin at the mouth of the Chi- cago river, and there remained, following his calling, until 1796, when he sold out to Le Mai. a Frenut railroad con- nection with the East was not established until 1852, on Febru- ary 20 of which year "the first 1 h r o u <>• h train from the East, via the Michigan Southern Railroad, en- tered Chicago, and was greeted with a salvo of artillery." Several successive ex- tensions of the city limits had taken place in the interval, so that in 1871 Chicago em- braced the total area of thirty-five square miles. She had a total tonnage of 95,395.95 tons: imported goods to the value of $2,- 042,499, and exported to the amount of •$•"),- 580.174. Then, at the very height of her good fortune and in the midst of her on- ward career, came the great conflagration, which in a single night The corporation was divided into six wards, each of which was empowered to elect two al- dermen. From this period to the date of the great fire, the onward march of the city is well known. Its marvelous growth in population, wealth, in- effaced all signs of her prosperity, and awoke the commiseration and active sympathy of the entire civilized world. THE (iREAT FIRE. The great fire, memorable in the history of EARLY HISTORY. 11 the city as the firsl bar to iis progress, occurred on the night of October 8, 1871, and is ye1 fresh in the minds of our citizens, as well as in the hearts of all the people of the earth, whose charity poured in to the assistance of the suf- ferers. We can not better describe its horrors than by the following abstract from "Chicago and the Great Conflagration," by .Messrs. Colbert and < hamberlain: ••There had been, on the previous evening (thai of Saturday, the Tth of October], an ex- tensive conflagration, which the journals had recorded in many columns, devoting to it their most stunning headlines, their most ponderous superlatives, and their most graphic powers of description. The location of this tire was in the W.-st Division, between Clinton street and the river, and running north from Van Buren street, where it caught, to Adams street, where, fortu- nately, it was clucked, rather by the lack of combustible material than by any ability of the Fire Department to obtain the mastery. * * * * The damage by this tire was nearly a million dollars. "* * * A little while after nine o'clock on Sunday evening the lamp was upset which was to kindle the funeral pyre of Chicago's pris- tine splendor. The little stable, with its con- tents of hay, was soon ablaze. By the time the alarm could be sounded at the box several blocks away, two or three other little buildings — tinder boxes — to the leeward had been ig- nited, and in five minutes the poor purlieu in the vicinity of De Koven and Jefferson streets was blazing like a huge bonfire. * * * "The first vault across the river was made at midnight from Van Buren street, lighting in a building of the South Division gas works, on Adams street. This germ of the main tire was not suppressed, and from that moment the doom of the commercial quarter was sealed, though no man could have foretold that the raging element would make such complete havoc of the proudest and strongest structures in thai quarter. The axis of the column, as it had pro- gressed from the starting point in the south- western purlieu, had varied hardly a point from due northeast. Having gained a foothold upon the South Division, its march naturally lay through two or three blocks of pine rookeries, known as 'Conlev's Patch.' and so on for a con siderable space through the abodes of squalor and vice. Through these it set out at double- quick, the main column being flanked by an- other on each side, and nearly an hour to the rear. That at the righl was generated by a separate brand from the western burning; that at the left was probably created by some of the eddies which were by this time whirling through tin- streets toward tin' flame below and from it above. The rookeries were quickly disposed of. Beyond them, however, along I. a Salle street, was a splendid double tew of "lite proof mercantile buildings, the superior of which did not exist in the land. * * * "One after another they went as the column advanced; and the column was spreading fear fully — debouching to right and left, according as opportunities of conquest ottered themselves. It was not long after one o'clock before the Chamber of Commerce was attacked, and fell a prey to the on-advancing force. Soon the Court House was seized upon; but it did not surrender until near three o'clock, when the greal bell went down, down, and pealed a farewell dying groan as it went. The hundred and fifty pris- oners in the basement story were released to save their lives. They evinced their gratitude by pillaging a jewelry store near by. * * * "From the Court House the course of the main column seemed to tend eastward, and Hooley's Opera House, the Times building, and Crosby's fine Opera House (to have been re- opened that very night) fell rapidly before it. Pursuing its way more slowly onward, the fiery invader laid waste some buildings to the north- east, and, preparatory to attacking the magnifi- cent wholesale stores at the foot of Randolph street, and the great Union Depot adjoining, joined forces with the other branch of the main column, which had lingered to demolish the Sherman House — a grand seven-story edifice of marble — the Tremont House, and the other fine buildings lying between Randolph and Lake streets. "The left column had. meantime, diverged to pass down LaSalle street and attack all build- ings 1 \ inji to the west of that noble avenue — the Oriental and Mercantile buildings, the Union Bank, the Merchants' Insurance building, where were Gen. Sheridan's headquarters, and the offices of the Western Union Telegraph, and in fact an unbroken row of the stone palaces of trade which had already made LaSalle street a monument of Chicago's business architecture, to which her citizens pointed with glowing pride, and of which admiring visitors wrote and published warm panegyrics in all quarters of the globe. The column of the left did its mis sion but too well, however, and by daylighl scarcely a stone was left upon another in all that stately thoroughfare. Bui one building was left standing in this division of the city — a large brick structure, with iron shutters, known as Land's Block. This was saved by its isolated location, being on the shore of the river, and separated by an exceptionally wide street from the seething furnace which consumed all else in its vicinity. "The righl column started from a point near the intersection of Van Buren street and the river, where some wooden buildings were ig- nited by brands from the West Side, in spite of the efforts of the inhabitants of that quarter to save their homes by drenching their premises 12 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. with water from their hydrants; and, we need hardly add, in spite of the desultory though des- perate efforts of the Fire Department. The right column had also the advantage of a large area of wooden buildings on which to ration and arm itself for its march of destruction. Thus fed and equipped, it swept down upon the remaining portion of the best-built section of the town. It gutted the Michigan Southern Depot and the Grand Pacific Hotel, and the tor- nado soon made them shapeless ruins. It spared not the unfinished building of the Lake- side Publishing Com- pany, which had al- ready put on a very sightly front, and which had scarcely anything to burn but brick and stone. It licked up the fine new buildings on Dearborn street, near the Tost Office.* * * "The Post Office was seized upon and Rut- ted like the rest, some two millions of treas- ure being destroyed in its vaults, which proved to have been of flimsy construction. It swept down upon the new Bigelow House, a massive and elegant hotel which had never yet been occupied, and demolished that, to- gether with the Hon- ore Block, a magnifi- cent new building, with massive walls adorned with hun- dreds of stately colon- nades of marble. It reached out to the left, and took McVicker's new theatre in its g r a s p for a moment, with the usual disas- trous result. It as- saulted the noble Tri- bune building, which the people had been de- claring, even up to that terrible hour, would withstand all attacks, being furnished with all known safeguards against destruction by fire; but the enemy was wily as well as strong. It surrounded the fated structure, and ruined it too. It threw a red-hot brick wall upon the building's weaker side, a shower of brands upon the roof, a subterranean fire under the sidewalk and into the basement, and an atmosphere of furnace heat all around. It conquered and de- stroyed the Tribune building at half-past seven THE HERALD BUILDING, 154 WASHINGTON ST in the evening. It marched on and laid waste Booksellers' Row, the finest row of bookstores in the world. It fell upon Potter Palmer's store of Massachusetts marble, for which Field, Leiter & Co., dry goods importers, were paying the owner $52.11(10 a year rent. This splendid building, with such of its contents as had not been removed in wagons, went like all the rest. It deployed to the right, in spite of its ally, the wind, and destroyed the splendid churches and residences which adorned the lower or town end of Wabash and Michigan avenues. Among these were the First and Second Presby- terian Churches, Trin- ity Episcopal Church, and the palatial row of residences known as 'Terrace Row.' Finally, its course southward w a s stayed at Con- gress street by the blowing up of a build- ing. The southern line of the tire was for the m o s t part, however, along Harrison street, which is one square further to the south. "This is a brief sketch of the opera- tions of the fire in the West and South Divis- ions. It effected a foothold in the North Division as early as half-past three in the morning; and it is re- markable that almost the first building to be attacked on the north side of the river was the engine house of the Water-works; as if the terrible marauder h ad, wit h deadly strategy, thrown out a swifter brand than all others to cut off the only reliance of his vic- tims, the water supply. The Water-works are nearly a mile from the point where the burning brands must have crossed the river. The denizens of the North Division were standing in their doors and gaz- ing at the blazing splendor of the Court House dome, when they discovered, to their horror, that the fire was already raging behind them, and that the Water-works had gone. A general stampede to the sands of the lake shore, or to the prairies west of the city, was the result. "Besides its foothold at the Water-works, from which the fire spread rapidly in every di- EARLY HISTORY. 13 rection, it soon made a landing in two (if the elevators near the river, and organized an ad- vance which consumed everything left l>y the sriiies of separate irruptions which the flames were constantly making in unexpected places. This was the system by which the North Divis- ion was wiped out: Blazing brands and scinch- ing heat sent ahead to kindle many scattering lues, and the grand general conflagration fol- lowing up and finishing np. Within the limits shown upon the appended map nothing was spared; not any of the elegant residences of the patricians — not even those isolated by acres of pleasure grounds; not even the fire-proof His toxical Hall, with its thousand precious relics; not even the stone churches of the Rev. Robert Oollyer and Mr. Chamberlain, protected by a park in front: not even the cemetery to the north, whither many people removed a few of Their must necessary effects, only to see them consumed before their eyes; not even Lincoln Park, whose scattering oaks were burned to dis- mal pollards by the all-consuming flames- nothing but one lone house, the Ogden resi- dence, lately torn down.* as the sole survivor of the scourged district. The loss of life and the sufferings of those who managed to escape with life were most severe in this quarter of the city. They will be long remembered by all our people, the human element of the tragedy having been purposely omitted from this as far as practicable. Only at the lake and the north ern limits of the city was the conflagration stayed — or rather, spent — for lack of anything to consume. "The sensations conveyed to the spectator of * Washington square, between Clark street and Dearborn avenue. this unparalleled event, either through the eye, the ear. or other senses or sympathies, can not be adequately described, and any attempt to do it but shows the poverty of language. * * * "The total area burned over, including streets, was nearly three and a third square miles. The number of buildings destroyed was 17,450; persons rendered homeless, 98,500; per- sons killed, about 200. Not including deprecia tion of real estate or loss of business, it is esti- mated that the total loss occasioned by the tire was |190,000,000, of which about (44,000,000 were recovered on insurance, though one of tin- tii st results of the fire was to bankrupt many of the insurance companies all over the country. The business of the city was interrupted but a short time, however. Before winter, many of the merchants were doing business in extem- porized wooden structures, and the rest in pri- vate dwellings. In a year after the fire, a large part of the burnt district had been rebuilt, and at present there is scarcely a trace of the ter- rible disaster, save in the improved character of the new buildings over those destroyed, and the general better appearance of the city — now architecturally the finest in the world." THE FIRE OF JULY. 1874. On July 14th, 1N74. within three years, as if the demon of destruction were not yet satiated. still another great fire swept over the devoted city, destroying eighteen blocks, or sixty acres. in the heart of the city, and about $4,000,000 worth of property. Over 600 houses were con- sumed; but fortunately, by far the larger num- ber of these were wooden shanties. Nearly all the magnificent structures of the rebuilt sec- tion escaped. THE NEW CITY. "It is an ill wind that blows no one good," and th<> fearful calamity which destroyed the great city of wood, made possible the greater city of stone and iron which has replaced it. *"? flC&fi F I if ,. s itt, ; m an t iter- , DEE (H 1 ICEi" ^ CBE 3£ib fess of the old city had not ceased to smoke ere the new city began to grow, like a "Jonah's gourd," out of iis ruins. The magical growth of modern Chicago has been snng far and wide, and has gained for her the title of "the Phoe- nix of cities"; and truly, in the sol- idly and compactly built city of to-day, there is little to re- mind one that twenty -five years ago the very streets were burned out of rec- ognition. If Chicago had not already re- ceived its poetical title, "The Garden City," it might be a p p r op r i a t ely called the "City of Palaces"; for there are few modern cities which even approach it in the number and mag- nificence of its fine buildings, public and private. More- over, the generous width of its ave- nues contributes the perspective, ab- sent in New York and others of the older cities, which is so essential to architectural ef- fect. The mate- rials and designs are various, run- ning all the way up the scale, from the iron fronts of the business por- tion, on the South Side, to the mar- ble, granite, brown stone, brick, ser- pentine and Bed- DC 1 E \ Secy d n iiccc is sees E ID jiSJiil I BED G « EEtf jj n l PS THE MONADNOCK BUILDING, JACKSON, DEARBORN, AND VAX BUREN STREETS, AND CUSTOM HOUSE PLACE. Had Chicago not been Chicago, and had Chi- ford sandstone of the finer residences and the cago not made herself indispensable to the various public buildings. world, such a blow might indeed have effec- However, the title "Garden City" is equally tually prostrated her. But, as it was, the ashes deserved; for there are few cities iu which more 14 16 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. space is allotted to yards, lawns and parks. The parks being usually regarded as the princi- pal attraction of the city, it may be well to place them first among' our descriptions, follow- ing with accounts of the public buildings and institutions. THE PARK SYSTEM. The system of parks and boulevards which girdle the city, is an institution peculiar to Chi- cago. Though the prairies on the one hand, and the lake on the other, keep the air of Chicago delightfully wholesome, the dwellers in a great city require au occasional glimpse of green, and these are supplied in the "Garden City" by the most extensive and elaborate system of parks and drives in the country. The parks proper in- clude 1,879 acres of land, and the connecting boulevards will, when finished, comprise a total length of about thirty miles. These improve- ments, though far advanced, can not be com- pleted within a number of years, as they involve large and elaborate works. There are a number of small "parks," "places" and "squares" distributed through the various sections of the city; but these, not be- longing to the boulevard system, shall have separate mention. The park system proper, including the boule- vards, is under control of commissioners ap- pointed by the State, and supported principally by direct tax upon the divisions of the city in which they are situated. Thus. Lincoln Park and the Lake Shore drive are under control of a separate commission, as are the parks situated on the West and South Sides respectively. Lake Shore Drive. — The North Division be- gins with the Lake Shore drive, a boulevard leadiug from the Water-works, through Lincoln Park. It may he reached from the South Side by way of Rush street bridge and Pine street, though Dearborn avenue is generally preferred. on account of its handsome residences. It is a beautiful drive, running for more than two miles directly beside the lake and along the eastern border of Lincoln Park, and is con- tinued beyond under the name of Sheridan Drive. Lincoln Park. — This, the first finished of the Boulevard Parks, occupies a space of 230 acres, one-half mile wide by one and one-half miles long, bounded on the east by the lake, and on the west by < 'lark street, and extending from North avenue on the south, to Diversey avenue on the north. The southern portion of the pres- ent park was formerly occupied by the old Chi- cago Cemetery, but it was finally condemned for public use, and the bodies were transferred. A single reliquary grave remains as a reminder of the past. In 1869 the Legislature appointed its first Board of Commissioners, and provided for its maintenance and improvement, and since that time it has had constant care and labor, until it is the most complete of the entire sys- tem. On one side, the Lake Shore drive, contin- uing from the entrance, extends from Oak street to its northernmost limits, and commands, on one hand a panoramic view of the great lake, and on the other the varying scenic beauties of the park itself. Within its boundaries beautiful lawns alternate with picturesque, artificially broken grounds, flower-beds of the most elab- orate patterns, intricate walks, and magnificent winding drives. Noble trees and fine shrubbery are grouped in the most effective positions, and twenty acres of beautiful lakes add the pictur- esqueness of water to the general effect. Still further heightening the attractiveness of the resort, there are a refreshment pavilion, a plen- tiful supply of boats, an interesting zoological collection, a magnificent conservatory and palm house, the museum of the Academy of Science, and, in the summer, frequent musical enter- tainments. There are also a striking bronze Indian group, of life size, mounted on a massive granite pedestal — presented by Mr. .Martin Ryerson; and a bronze statue of Schiller, erected by the German citizens in 1880, on the anniversary of the great poet's death. It stands at the south end of the large flower beds. To these works of art have been added a Lincoln monument, by St. Gaudens, and a drinking fountain, as provided for in a munificent legacy of the late Eli Bates; the La Salle monument, presented by Lambert Tree; and the equestrian monument to General Grant, erected by the city in 1891. Humboldt Boulevard. — There is, at pres- ent, no completed boulevard connection between Lincoln and Humboldt Parks, the best practica- ble route being North avenue, a well-paved drive from the southern limit of the former to the northern border of the latter park. This gap it is intended to supply in the future, by the completion of Diversey boulevard. From Lin- coln Park, west to the north branch of the Chi- cago river, there is a break in the continuity of the boulevard plans. Eventually this gap will be filled by the utilization of Diversey avenue. At present Humboldt boulevard begins on the west side of the river, where Diversey avenue crosses it, and from there runs west a mile ami a quarter to Logan Square, then south one-half mile to Palmer Place, which, extending north two blocks, opens into a third division, running south three-quarters of a mile into Humboldt Park, at North avenue. The boulevard proper is 250 feet wide, while Logan Square is 100x800 feet, and Palmer Place 400x1.750 feet; total length of the drive, about three miles. It is paved with granite, macadam, flanked with cedar blocks on either side, for a greater part of its length and is beautified by four rows of lawns and planted with trees. Humboldt Park, the northernmost of the THE PARK SYSTEM. system, lies four miles northwest from the City Hall, between West North avenne on the north. Augusta street <>n the south. North California avi-nue on the east, and North Kedzie avenne on the west. It mav be reached from the Smith refreshment pavilion close to the boat landing; a band stand, on which Sunday concerts are given during th<- summer months: and a beauti- ful conservatory to delight the lovers of flowers. It contains also a famous artesian well 1.1-"." Side by the .Milwaukee avenue and West North feet in depth, which furnishes a tine grade of rich in the sul- phates, chlor- ides and c a r b o n a t e s. at a temperature of 63.5 C Fahren- heit. i Vntral Bou- levard, a little over one and a half miles in length, is the connecting link between G a r - field and Hum boldt Parks. It leaves the lat- t.r at Augusta street, and. run- ning south to S a c r a m ento Square, at In- diana street. proceeds west along the latter- street to < Vn- tral Park ave- nue, where it again turns to the south, and enters (rat-field Park at West Kinzie street. The Chicago. M i 1 w a nkee & St. Paul Rail- way tracks are bridged, just south of Grand avenue, by a handsome via- duct, w h i c h adds greatly to the picturesque variety of the drive. The av- erage width of the boulevard is 2">o feet, in- cluding th>- A 5EA1 POND, LINCOLN I'ARK. avenue street cars, on Randolph street. It is beautifully laid out. and contains 200 acres of land. It is one of the most attractive of all the parks, being well wooded, and provided with fine lawns, and having a large area of lake sur- face, admirably adapted for rowing. There is a completed driveway. 38 feet wide, bordered on each side by a narrow ribbon of turf, with a bridle path accompanying it along its outer edge, and a double colonnade of handsome elms affording tine shade and enhancing its beauty. Garfield Park, formerly known as "Cen- THE PARK SYSTEM. 19 tral Park," had its title changed iu memory of the martyred President It is the most westerly of the parks, and lies about four miles west of the City Hall, between West Kinzie street on the north, and Colorado avenue on the south. It extends one and a half miles from north to south, and contains 185 acres of ground. Three large lakes add the beauty of water effect to the scenery. In the lakes are several pretty minia- ture islands, one of them holding the band stand. There are plenty of boats to be hired at very reasonable rates, and there is a roomy landing 300 feet in length. The landing reaches back to the casino, a refreshment pavilion with minute. It has a high reputation for cases of anaemia and diseases of the stomach and kid- neys, as well as for rheumatic and kindred con- stitutional disorders. The rapidity with which what was wild prairie a few years ago has been transformed into an exquisite health and pleas- ure resort is truly remarkable. The Central Driving Association occupied a portion of the southern wing as a speeding park, and the Hack of the Garfield Park club adjoins it on tin- west. Garfield Park is reached by the North-Western Railway to Central Park Station, also by street cars on Lake and .Madison streets, or by way of Washington Boulevard. — This boulevard, a ELK IN LINCOLN PARK. broad verandas and breezy balconies. Through the elaborate shrubbery, woods, flower-beds, lawns and shady borders, wind three miles of walks and two miles of driveways, enmeshing the completed portion of the park; wood, stone and iron bridges, mazes and rustic seats, add variety to the scenery; and a handsome drink- ing fountain for horses, provided by the Illinois Humane Society from funds contributed by .Mrs. Mancel Talcott, furnishes refreshment for the animals. But the centre of attraction is the 2,200 feet artesian well, supplying a valuable mineral water, at the rate of 150 gallons pel- continuation of Washington street, commences at Hulsted street, a little less than one mile di- rectly west of the City Hall, whence it extends through Union Park, westward to Garfield Park, and on to 52d street. Its total length is nearly live miles, and it is a beautiful driveway. averaging aboul lint feel in width, bordered on each side by a ribbon of turf, set with handsome trees, and built up for a greal part of its length with magnificenl residences, many of them sur- rounded by beautiful -rounds. It is the popular drive of tlie West Side, being macadamized or asphalted ami finely kept. 20 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. Union Park, which, until the spring of 1886, was one of the city parks, but at that time- it passed into the hands of the West Side Com missioners, by whom it has been greatly im- proved. The boulevard runs directly through it, bordered by walks, lawns and variegated flower beds, and in full view of the lake, pavil- ion, ornate fountain, and picturesque hills with which its surface is broken. It is in the heart of the residence portion of the West Side, being bounded on the north by Bryan Place and Lake street, on the east by Ogden avenue, on the south by Warren avenue, and on the west by Ashland avenue. It is one and three-fourths miles west from the City Hall, and will repay a visit. It may be reached within a half-hour by electric cars on Randolph or Madison streets, or Ogden avenue. Douglas Boulevard. — This is an L-shaped boulevard connecting Garfield and Douglas Parks, and extends from Colorado avenue south seven-eighths of a mile, then east seven-eighths of a mile to Albany avenue, where it enters Douglas Park. It is 250 feet wide, embracing in its plan a driveway (already completed) thir- ty-eight feet in width, bordered by strips of sward on either side, and accompanied by a bridle-path on its outer edge, the whole beauti- fully colonnaded with a double row of elms. It is now practically completed, and is one of the most popular of the boulevards on the West Side. Douglas Park is a prairie park, situated at the limit of the built-up streets of the city, on the open plain, free to all breezes from any di- rection. It lies four miles southwest from the City Hall, between West Twelfth street on the north, Albany avenue on the west, West Nine- teenth street on the south, and California ave- nue on the east. Though comparatively small — only 180 acres — it is a beautiful and popular park, and is especially notable as the spot se- lected by the Chinese of Chicago for their an- nual "Festival of the Kites," which is religiously observed with each returning August. Eleven acres of the park are covered by a picturesque lake, fed with the mineral water of an artesian well, gushing out in a romantic grotto. The water is medicinal, with properties similar to those of Garfield and Humboldt Parks. There is an inviting refectory, from the balconies of which a fine view is had of the park scenery, and there are a conservatory and propagating houses which furnish 60,000 plants annually for transplanting. Douglas Park is reached by the Twelfth street cars, which run on Randolph street to Fifth avenue; by the Ogden avenue cars, which run on Madison street, and by the local trains of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway, which stop at Douglas Park Station. The depot is the Union, at Canal and Adams streets. The Chi cago Passenger Railway Company's tracks have been extended to Douglas Park, via Western avenue and Twelfth street. The driving route is along Washington boulevard to Garfield Park, thence to Douglas Park by the Douglas boulevard. Southwest Boulevard is still, for the most part, on paper, but the contemplated plan is for a boulevard on a grand scale. The proposed route is about five miles in length, reaching from Douglas Park south to Cage Park, at the terminus of Garfield boulevard. Starting from Douglas Park, at Sacramento avenue, it runs south about one-half mile to Laughton street, on which it continues eastward for a short dis- tance, to California avenue. Proceeding south- ward along this avenue about three-fourths of a mile, it reaches Thirty-first street, which is util- ized for about one-half mile to Western avenue, on which it completes the link with Cage Park and Douglas boulevard, crossing the Illinois & Michigan Canal just west of the Bridgeport lumber wharves. The boulevard will be 200 feet in width, with a broad central driveway, bordered by wide strips of sward, shaded by double rows of elms, and outside of these still other roads for equestrians and general travel. Though a very small portion of this boulevard has been completed, it is possible to drive on Western avenue from Nineteenth street to Cage Park, at Fifty-fifth street. The road, of course, is not very good, but it affords an opportunity to follow the boulevard route, and passes through Brighton Park and the Town of Lake; while it is possible, as well, to reach in this way the sewage pumping works at Bridgeport, the West Side Waterworks, and the Union Stock Yards. The South Parks are best reached from Douglas Park, however, by way of Eighteenth street and Michigan avenue boulevard. Gage Park, the smallest park in the boule- vard system, forms the junction of Western ave- nue boulevard, which enters it from the north, and Garfield boulevard, into which it opens at the east. It contains twenty acres of ground, but so far not much has been done in the way of improving it. This park was named in memory of George W. Gage, one of the first Commission- ers, who died September 24, 1875. It may be reached by drive, as above described, or by the Chicago, St. Louis & Pittsburgh Railway to Forty-ninth Street Crossing, which is within a mile, or by way of Garfield boulevard from Washington Park. Carfield Boulevard is completed on an elab- orate scale, with a commodious central drive- way, bordered by grass and rows of trees. Out- side of these, there will be on the one side a roadway for equestrians, and on the other a highway for traffic, the whole being hedged in with colonnades of elms. This boulevard is 200 feet wide, and extends along Fifty-fifth street from Gage Park to Washington Park, a total length of about three and a half miles. The THE PARK SYSTEM. 2\ improvements arc far advanced, aud the entire boulevard is in excellent condition for driving. Washington Park. — Garfield boulevard gives entrance at its eastern extremity to Washing ton Park, and this park, Jackson Park, and Mid- way Plaisance (the connection between them) are known un- der the collec- tive tille'-Soulli Parks.' - The total cost to the c i t v of t h e "rounds alone for these parks was |3,208,000, a n d the i in - l> !• o V e in e nts have consider- ably more than doubled that s d in. Though tlic work is not entirely com- pleted, the re- s u 1 1 is most gratifying, and the ' South Parks area con- tinual source of pleasure to our citizens, and a principal point of attraction to visitors. Wash- ington P a r k lies nearly six miles south and east from the City Hall, and is bounded by F i f t y - f i r s't street, Kanka- kee avenue. Six- tieth street and Cottage Grove avenue, a space of .".7 1 acres, somewhat over a mile west from the lake. The extent of t lie grounds has given an ojppor- t u n i t y f o r b re a d't h o f t r e ;i t 111 e 11 t which the land- scape artists have not neglected. Among the most attractive features are the "Meadow, " a famous stretch of sward, covering 1(1(1 acres; the"Mero," a meandering sheet of picturesquely (list ril hi ted water, thirteen acres in extent; the conservatory, a handsome building. 40x120 feet. connected with eleven propagating houses and a cactus house, and containing an interesting collection of tropical plants; the artesian well 1,643 feet deep, which furnishes a mineral water; and the stable, built of stone, in the shape of a Greet cross, to accommodate over A LILY POND, WASHINGTON PARK. 100 horses, the stalls being arranged circularly about a central space, into which the phaetons with their loads are driven when horses are to be changed. This stable covers a space of 325x 200 feet, measured through its greatest diame- ters, and shelters the l".ll tine Norman blooded 22 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. horses owned by the Commission. Flowers are tastefully distributed at the most effective points throughout the park, 200,000 plants be- ing propagated and set out annually. Boats may be hired for rowing on the Mere, and lunches may be had at the Refectory, in which CHICAGO ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION BUILDING, 124-126 MICHIGAN AVENUE. also is the Superintendent's office. Afternoon i oncertsare usually given at frequent intervals through the summer months during the season, from about June 1 to the middle of October, or later. Washington Park may 1><- reached direct by taking Cottage drove avenue cars. This line extends along the entire eastern border of the park. If driving is preferred, there are several routes to follow, either of which will furnish a good view of the residence portion of the city of the South Side. Starting f r o m Michigan a v e- nue and Jack- son street, Michigan a v e- nue may be fol- lowed to Thirty- fifth street, then turning to the east along the latter street to < Jianil boule- v a id, and thence to the Fifty-first street entrance o f the p a r k. Traversing the park and re- turning, Drexel boulevard a t the eastern en- trance may be taken, turning out to the righl on any of the avenues leading to the starting p o i u t. In this section are the homes of many of Chi cag o's leading c i t i - Kens, the diver- sified architec- ture of the resi- dences a long the route mak- ing the drive a pleasant and enjoyable one. Another and moredirect route is along State street or Wabash avenue t o Fifty-fifth street, thence along Garfield boulevard 1 ilic park. The Alley South Side Elevated Railroad is now equipped and running from Congress street to Sixty-third street, ami these cars may be taken from Congress street to Washington Park. The cable-car fare is onlv ."> cents each way, and in THE PARK SYSTEM. 23 the warm, pleasant days of summer the ride ou the open cars affords a delightful recreation t'> the poor, or, for thai mat in-, to the rich. Con- stant improvements arc being made in the park. tending to make it more beautiful every year. Tin- iacc track of the Washington Park Club is said to be one of the finest in the world. And finally, the regular suburban trains on either the Lake shore & Michigan Southern Railway or the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway (running ou1 of the same depot, at Van Buren and Sherman streets) will land passengers on Garfield boulevard (Fifty-fifth and Clark streets) about one mile west of Washington Park. Jackson Park, when completed, will be by far the most attractive of the entire system, as it will be also the largest, covering the 524 acres bounded by Lake Michigan, Fifty-sixth street, Stony Island avenue and Sixty seventh street. Of its entire acreage, only 150 an- at present im- proved, though it is intended to push the plans rapidly to completion. They include a system of sinuous interior lakes, covering 100 acres, beautified with numerous islands and bridged passages, and connected at either end with Lake Michigan. A breakwater protecting the entire frontage has been constructed, and a fine pier for excursion steamers and pleasure craft will VIEW IN UNION PARK. Midway Plaisance. — At the present time the two South Talks — Washington and Jack- son — are connected by a beautiful drive, for- merly amounting t<> little more than a country road. The plans of the < k>mmissioners, how ever, include elaborate improvements for this con- necting link. Tiny comprise finely boule- varded, well-shaded driveways, and a handsome waterway connecting the lake systems of the two parks. It formed the Street of Nations dur- ing the progress of the great < !olumbian World's Pair in 1893. The Plaisance is located between Fifty-ninth and Sixtieth streets, is one and one- tenth miles in length, between the two park en- trances, and contains eighty acres of ground. be added. This beautiful pleasure ground has attained additional prominence from being chosen as the site of the great Columbian World's Fair Exposition, held in 1893. Jackson Park may be reached from Washing- Ion Park, by the routes mentioned in thai con nection. Drexel Boulevard. — Washington Park is en- tered from the north by two magnificent boule- vards — Drexel on the east, and Grand on the wist. They parallel each other at a distance of a little more than one mile apart, and are con nected at a point one and three-eighths miles north of Washington Park by Oakwood boule- vard, at which Drexel boulevard ends. This 24 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. last named is the most exquisite of the boule- vard system, and has a wide fame. It opens into Washington Park at its northeastern angle, from the east, by a wide plaza, through the centre of which extends a broad lawn, richly ornamented by the gardener's art. On either side of this lawn are the broad driveways, and at Drexel avenue stand.* the famous fountain presented by the Drexel Brothers, the Philadelphia bank- ers, in memory of their father, after whom also the boulevard was n a m e d . Here, at Drexel avenue, the boulevard turns di- rectly north on that avenue, entering ( >ak wood boulevard at the junction of Thirty- ninth street and Cot- t a ge drove avenue. The boulevard is laid out on the plan of the Avenue l'lmperatrice, in Paris, and has two broad drives, one on either side of a central space, finely swarded, and filled with various species of trees, and o r n a m en t e d with flower beds, among which wind the well- gravelled promenades, with bowers and rustic seats. The entire bou- levard is 200 feet wide, and is bordered by rows of well-grown (dins. The tasteful villas along this boule- vard are one of its principal attractions. Oak w oo d Boule- vard is the connecting link between the boil levard last named and Grand boulevard. It is a fine drive, 100 feet wide, and half a mile lonji', and enters Grand boulevard at Thirty ninth street. "The Cot- tage" stands at its junction with Drexel boule- vard, whence the phaetons start for the tour of the park. Grand Boulevard, entering Washington Park at its northwestern angle, extends thence northward two miles to Thirty-fifth street, where it connects with a short boulevard on that street. It is 198 feet wide, a broad driveway bordered by strips of lawn, with double colon- nades of elms, outside of which are roadways thirty-three feet wide, the one on the west for equestrians, and the other for traffic. Still out side of these ate ribbons of turf with single rows of trees separating the roadways from the foot- STATUE OF LINNE, LINCOLN PARK. ways, which have yet another line of trees on their outer borders. Thirty-fifth Street Boulevard, running west ward on the street of that name, connects Grand and Michigan avenue boulevards. It is about one-third of a mile in length, and sixty-six feet wide. THE PARK SYSTEM. 25 Michigan Avenue Boulevard occupies the avenue from which ii takes it name, between Garfield boulevard on the south and Jackson street on the ninth, a distance of three and a quarter miles. The roadway is 1011 feet from curb to curb, and is bordered by strips of green, with elms, ami broad stone sidewalks. Il is the most fashionable drive in the city, and upon it are situated main' fine residences. The City Parks.— The oldest of Chicago's parks are the small, isolated squares of lawn and shrubbery scattered at various points through the city, bul they do not belong to the system proper, being underthecity government. They are. in general, v e v y attractively laid out — some of them with lakes a n d fountains. most of them h a ving f i n e trees — and are fairly well kept. They include. on the W e s i Side, Jefferson Park, tive and a half a e res. bounded by Ail ains. Throop, M o n r o e a n d Loomis streets, a mile and a half west anil south from the City Hall. ii is charmingly arranged with a lawn, a lake, a grotto, hills, trees, etc. Ver- non Park is on the north side of Polk street, between < Jentre avenue and L<><>- III i S street. n e a r 1 y t w o miles southwest from the City Mall, and about h a 1 f a m i 1 e south of lie' pa rk last named. It cov- ers nearly four a c res, has a lake and some tine trees. On the North Side, Wicker Park tills the triangle made b\ Park, North Robe,) a n d I'" o w I e r si reels. I ll roe miles nortliw esl and contains four acres of v laid out. Washington WASHINGTI IN STREETS from the City Hall ground, attractive Square, bounded by Clark street. Dearborn ave- nue, Washington Place ami Lafayette Place, is j>; UNRIVALED CHICAGO. Grove avenues, at Thirty-seventh street, four miles smith from the City Hall, contains three and three-eighths acres. Aldine Square, at Thirty-seventh street and Vincennes avenue, close to the last-named park, is a beautifully kept enclosure, surrounded by handsome resi- about one mile north from the City Hall, and contains two and a quarter acres, well tilled with tine trees. On the South Side. Lake Park, the most cen- tral of the parks, lies between the Michigan avenue boulevard and the lake, and extends from Randolph street to Lake Park Place. It is now being ex- tended into the lake, and will be greatly beau- tified. Grove- land and Wood- lawn Parks, ad- joining e a c h other, and fac- ing the grounds of the old Chi- cago Univer- sity, lie b e - tween Cottage drove avenue and the lake, be y mid Thirty- t bird street. The two parks and the Univer- sity grounds were a gift from Stephen A. Douglas, whose mausoleum and monument oc- cupy a space of elevated ground contiguous t o Woodlawn Park, and over- looking L a k e Michigan. The mausoleum and shaft, 104 feet high, are of granite, and the latter is sur- mounted by a bronze statue of the g r ea I Senator, while four corner ped- estals are occu- pied by figures representi ng HinolS. His- %ot T TH WATER STREET, LOOKING WEST FROM DEARBORN STREE' tory," "Justice, and "Eloquence," respectively. This magnifi- cent memorial cost $100,000. Groveland Park is a grove of tine elms, well interlaced with vines, and threaded by picturesque walks. Ellis Park, lying between Vincennes and Cottage deuces. Besides these, there are several other small public grounds, including Congress, Campbell, and Union Parks on the West Side. There are a great many other parks, but of less importance. THE WATER WORKS. 27 THE WATER SUPPLY. No attempl will be made here to detail the history of the growth of the water system from the small requirements of a village population, when water was drawn through wooden pump- TXSrRAXCE EXCHAXC.E lir I LI UNG, EA SAI lojjs. to that of a city of 1,750,000 inhabitants, requiring iron mains up to four feet in diame- ter. We can only give the present develop hi. Broadly stated, the water supply of Chicago is taken from Lake Michigan, from two to four mile-; onl from shore. The firsl crib was built two miles out, which served as an intake for two tunnels, each of seven feel in diameter, running under the bed of the lake to pumping stations on the land. Subsequent- ly another tunnel of five feet in diameter was built to the same crib. Even this proved in- adequate; and. at times, there was found to be danger from shore contam- ination. So. an- other crib was buill four miles out. which was completed i n IS92, with an eight-foot tnn nel. In addition to these there a r e t w o. the Lake View and the Hyde Park cribs, the firsl with a fi and the other with a 7-foot tunnel. each two miles out. Altogether there are four- teen miles of 1 a k e tunnels completed and i n operation, and six miles f land; 1 o which must be a d d e d eight miles of land 1 u n n e 1 s aud three of lake, in c o u r s e of construction. The water is drawn through these tunnels to pumping sta- tions on shore, six in number, known respect- ively as the "Chicago Ave- nue."! he "Wesl Side," the"Cen- tral,"the "Four- teenth street," t h e " L a k e View" and the "Sixty - Eighth street." having a total pumping capacity of 338,000,000 gallons of water every twenty-four hours, in connection with the tunnel exten- sions before mentioned, two more pumping sta- tions are projected, each of 60,000,000 gallons capacity, which, when completed, will make a 28 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. total capacity of 458,000,000 gallons of water daily for the City of Chicago. At these pumping stations the water is pumped, by means of tremendous engines, di- rectly into the mains, by which it is distrib- uted to all parts of the city for all purposes. The mains are the pipes which are laid under the streets, and which are tapped at desired points for private service or hydrants. Those mains are of iron; and vary in size, the small- est being four inches in diameter and the larg- est four feet. Some are four, six, eight, twelve, sixteen, twenty-four, thirty-six and forty-eight inches, inside diameter; and the total length of water main in the city, at the end of 1895, was 1,940 miles. The Fire Department is sup- plied through 1<>,4W> hydrants. Next to the water supply system comes those of the sewers and streets. At the close of the year 1895 there were in Chicago about 1,284^ miles of street sewers, which had been built at a cost of $1(1,587.184. There were also 1,123.54 miles of street paving of different kinds; and 4,024.82 miles of sidewalks. From this, some idea can be formed of the aggregation which goes to make up the City of Chicago. THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM. Closely connected with the water supply and the sewage systems of the city is that of drain- age. The growth of the city, so much beyond the wildest anticipations of the most sanguine, developed problems which at first were not dreamed of. The outlets of the sewers were into the lake, at the shore, and into the Chicago river, which itself emptied into the lake. No one supposed that this would ever he sufficient to contaminate the water supply taken so far out. But it was. In times of freshet, the danger be- came imminent; and it was made apparent that this must become more so as the city con- tinued to grow. Much was accomplished by the establishment of pumping works at Bridge- port to lift the water from the south branch of the river into the Illinois and Michigan Canal basin, and so, to turn the current of the river backward, ami carry the sewage which flowed into it from hundreds of sewer openings, into the canal instead of into the lake. But in times of freshet the volume of water poured into the river was sufficient to overcome this artificial current and send the sewage into the lake. At such times the water became unfit for use. It became evident that nothing short of an entire change in the system of drainage would be ade- quate, one that would permanently send the Chicago river backward through an artificial channel cut to the valley of the Desplaines and onward to the Illinois, and which woulfl draw a sufficient volume of water from the lake it- self to create a current inshore, and so render contamination impossible. After a long period of agitation, promoted mainly by Hon. Harvey B. Hurd, and a few other broad-minded and public spirited citizens, a great sanitary dis trict was organized, comprising most of the City of Chicago and parts of Cook County. Commissioners were elected charged with the work of cuttingagreat drainage canal from the south branch of the Chicago river, across the divide to the valley of the Desplaines and from there on to Joliet and the Illinois river. Taxes were levied, bonds issued, contracts let and the work begun for one of the greatest engineering works of modern times. The work is now un- der contract, and being prosecuted with the utmost vigor from the point of beginning at Robey street and the Chicago river to Joliet, including the controlling works which are to control the decent into the basin at Joliet. These works will consist of gates or movable dams by which the flow of water from the main channel into the tail race, which is to de- liver the outflow into the Desplaines river, can be controlled. The river below Lockport follows the trough of the valley down a steep declivity into the canal basin at Joliet. The fluctuations in Lake Michigan, by varying slope of water surface, will be felt at the controlling works, and pro- vision must be made to meet these fluctuations covering a range of thirteen feet. Earth was first broken September :!. 1892, since which time there has been expended up to January 1, 1890, for all purposes. $19,319,- (»:'.".. s7. The estimated cost of construction of the work, including right of way, is something like f28.000.000 to $30,000,000. While this vast outlay has reference solely to providing a suit- able drainage system for the City of Chicago, it is intended to utilize it as a great waterway for inland navigation, between Lake Michigan and the Mississippi river by way of the Illinois. It will be large enough to float the largest ves- sels which can navigate the Mississippi from St. Louis to New Orleans as soon as the gen- eral government shall improve the river by the necessary locks and dams between Lockport and La Salle. The fall between these two points is one hundred and fifty feet. Sooner or later the general government must take the entire work off the hands of the State of Illi- nois and the City of Chicago, and assume con- trol, making it a part of the water-ways for in- land navigation of the country. Ultimately the navigation feature will become its most important feature, while yet affording a means of drainage for the City of Chicago. There is reason to believe that its commercial value will exceed that of the Panama or the Suez Canals. But there is still another advantage which is expected to come from this work. The fall from Lockport to Joliet will give water-power of almost unlimited extent which can be made available for manufacturing purposes on the POLICE AND FIRE DEPARTMENTS. 29 ground; and which can be used to generate electricity to be conducted to Chicago and used tor power, for lighting and for all the purposes to which electricity is now applied. TRACK ELEVATION. There is another public improvement which is rapidly assuming large proportions. The population of the city has become so great and the railroad crossings within the city so many as to constitute a serious public danger of accidents, whereby life and limb were sacri- ficed daily. The number of killed and injured at these crossings has run up to thousands yearly. And, besides, the delays to travel and traffic are so great from these grade crossings as to become a public nuisance. It was found that the only way to cure, or even lessen, the evil, was to elevate the tracks. The Rock Island and the Michigan Southern have al- ready elevated their tracks for a considerable portion of the distance within the city, and the work is being carried on to complete it. Other roads have already consented to do the same thing, and some of them have begun it. There is no doubt that, in the near future. every steam railroad in the city will have raised their tracks sufficient to do away with the danger to life and limb, and to give to traffic freedom from delay from this cause. POLICE. The first policeman of Chicago was <>. Mor- rison, who was elected "Police Constable" in L835, three years after the incorporation of the town. After the organization of the city, "Po- lice Constables," one from each of the young city's six wards, upheld the municipal dignity until 1855, when the Police Department was created. As now organized, this department is under the control of a General Superintendent, appointed by the Mayor. The city is divided into five precincts, which are again subdivided into districts, each precinct, with one exception, containing three districts. The first precinct contains four districts. The headquarters of the department are in the City Hall; each pre- cinct (excepting the fifth, recently created) con tains a police court, in which there are daily sittings, and each district contains a station house. The total number of men in this depart- ment on January 1. 1896, was :\.2">. The effi- ciency of the force is greatly enhanced by the now famous police telephone and signal system, with the wagon patrol belonging to it. it is purely a Chicago invention, though it has been adopted in Philadelphia and elsewhere, and was put into operation by Mr. Austin J. Doyle. former chief of the department, and since Super- intendent of tiie Chicago Passenger Railway. Tt includes signal boxes al prominent street corners, containing telephones and alarm dials registering -tire," "thieves," "murder," etc., ami connecting with the dist rid station. They have each a gas lamp on top, and replace the ordiu ary lamp post. In response to a signal call, the patrol wagon is promptly dispatched with its proper detail to the spot. These patrol wagons, containing stretchers, manacles, lanterns. blankets, medicine chests and coils of rope, and having broad, well cushioned seats along their sides, serve equally well as ambulances or police vans, and for use at tires. Patrolmen are required to report by telephone from the signal boxes, at regular intervals during patrol ser- vice. The total value of property belonging to the department January 1, 1892, was $1,139,208. The total number of arrests made and prose- cuted during the preceding year was 83,464, on the subjects of which tines to the amount of $301,555 were imposed. FIRE DEPARTMENT. The Chicago Eire Department owes its effi- ciency and thoroughness to the lessons the city has learned from terrible experience. In 1833, three months after Chicago acquired the right to call herself a town, she enacted a lire ordinance, requiring that stove pipes be pro- tected by sheet iron or tin, six inches from wood, where they passed "through the roof, par- tition or side of any building," and providing a penalty of five dollars for violation of this law. Four fire wardens were also appointed, bul found no call for their services until a year after, when, in the early part of October, 1834, four buildings at Lake and La Salle streets were burnt down. The Democrat of the next week, reporting the fire, said: "A building on the cor- ner, occupied as a dwelling, lost $300. There was in the house $220 in money; $125, being in Jackson money, was found in the ruins. The remainder, the rag currency, was destroyed." Thus it appears that, even so early as 1834, our citizens had discovered some of the advantages of "specie payment." In November of the same year a tine of five dollars was affixed as the penalty to an ordinance against carrying "fire brands or coals of fire from one house or build- ing to another, unless the same be carried.or con- veyed in a covered earthen or fireproof vessel." As now organized, the Fire Department is di- vided into sixteen battalions, each under a chief of battalion, and the entire force under charge of a fire marshal. Mr. Denis J. Swenie at pres- ent holds this office, and his record in the ser- vice dates back to its beginning, in 1858, when he was ( 'hief Engineer. The working force con- sists of 1,116 men and officers, and the depart nienl owned, at the close of 1895, 84 steam tire engines, 27 chemical engines, A powerful fire- tugs, 2 stand-pipe and water towers, for reach- ing lofty buildings; .'"! hook and ladder trucks. Kid hose wagons, carls, and carriages; 470 horses, 2 life-saving guns, 12 life-saving nets. 30 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. T.oiki feel of ladders, and 28 miles of hose. The fire alarm system is very thorough, and includes lv.'.m; automatic signal boxes, 2.:;t."> miles of wire, and an elaborate network of overhead and under-ground telegraph lines. The South Di- r.Axn-M. n IN'l vision contains 3S steamers and 11 hook and ladder outfits; the West Division, 30 steamers and 10 hook and ladder outfits, and the North Division, 13 steamers, and ."> hook and ladder outfits. The celerity with which responses are made to alarms is astonishing, and it is well worth a visit to one of the prominent engine houses to see the crew get under way. Steamer No. •■'.l! is located at foot of Monroe street, within convenient walking distance of all the centrally located hotels. THE HARUOK The Chicago river, at the time of the first occupation of the site, was en- tirely devoid of natural advan- tages for har- borage, and it w o u 1 d h a v e saved the city much embar- rassment h a d the diteh never been opened to admit a sailing vessel or steam- er. It would be a great bless ing if this foul gutter could be converted from an open into a closed s e w e r. but. once made a •• navigable stream." that became impos- sible. In 1812 the soldiers at Fort Dearborn cut a channel through the sand bar oppo- site the fort, and thus made the first • • i in p r o v e - menis" looking toward its pres- ent greatness and disgrace. In 1833, the scheme for tile Illinois & Mich igan Canal hav- ing beetl pretty generally a c - cepted, the gov- ernment opened by appropriating APAMS STREET its preliminary operations $25,000 for rendering the mouth of the Chicago river practicable. Accordingly the two piers were begun, and carried about 500 feet out into the lake, while the spring freshets of 1833 saved the iteessity of dredging away the bar- THE GOVERNMENT BUILDING. 31 The work was* continued intermit tingly until 1870, when it was decided to extend the original plans, and include a commodious exterior har- bor. These plans were again finally modified in 1878, so that the completed harbor will in- clude a sheltered area sixteen feel in depth, covering -70 acres, with communicating slips along the lake front covering L85 acres, making a total of 4.V> acres; this, in addition to the river proper, with which the outer harbor communi- cates. There is. also, an exterior breakwater, one-third of a mile north of the end of the north pier, so situated as to protect vessels en- tering the mouth of the river. The length of this outer breakwater will be 5,4:j(> feet, of which 3,136 feet have been completed. The north pier, measuring from the outer end of the Michigan street slip, is 1,600 feel long, and ex- tends 600 feet beyond the easterly breakwater, which latter, beginning at the outer end of the south pier, extends directly south 4, (Mill feet, and is distant :;,:!()ll feet from the present shore line south of .Monroe street. A channel 800 feet wide intervenes between this and the north end of the southerly breakwater. This latter break- water continues for a short distance due south, then turns at an angle of 30°, and extends in a southwesterly direction to within about 1,550 feet of the present shore line, and 500 feet from the dock line. This breakwater is 3,950 feet in length. The line of wharves and slips will be ended, and the southern end of the harbor com- pleted, by the magnificent wharf to be built by the Illinois Central Railroad Company at Thir- teenth street. Tt will extend to the government dock line. There is a lighthouse on the shore end. and a beacon light on the lake end of the north pier, and a beacon light on the south end of the easterly breakwater. The Life Saving Station is at the lake end of the northernmost railroad wharf, directly adjoining the south pier. On the inner harbor, tin- wharting privileges occasioned much dispute, until 1833, when they were defined, the wharves being sold or leased in perpetuity, on payment of their value, and an annual rental of one barleycorn. In 1857 there were but six miles of dock, while at the present time there are twelve miles of slips and slip basins, and the twenty-nine miles of river front are mostly docked. It happens not infre- quently that more than a thousand vessels win- ter in this harbor. THE GOVERNMENT BUILDING. This is an immense stone structure, built in the Romanesque style, with Venetian modifica- tions, and. with its grounds, covers the square bounded by Clark". Jackson. Dearborn and Adams streets. The building proper co\'ers a ground space of 342x210 feet, not inclusive of the elevated lawns which surround it on three sides. It is three stories high, with basement and attic. The building and site together cost the government over f6,000,000, but the work is so imperfect that it is condemned, and is being removed to make room for a new structure. The Post Office. — The old Kinzie house ap- pears to have served, among its multifarious and successive uses, as Chicago's first Pos1 Of lice. Anyway, when, in 1831, this city was given a place among the postal towns, Jona- than N. Bailey was appointed Postmaster, and. as there is no record of any special office being secured, it is probable that the mails were dis- tributed from the new official's residence, the old Kinzie house. At this time Niles, -Mich., was the nearest distributing office, and from that place the mails came fortnightly by horse- back to Chicago. I Jut by 1833 the horseback mail service from Niles had doubled in fre- quency, while the office had risen to the dignity of occupying half a log cabin. LM).\1."> feci in ex- tent, near the corner of Lake and South Water streets, the portion on the opposite side of the official partition being occupied as a store by Brewster, Sogan & <'<>.. the second member of which firm — John S. C. Sogan — was then Post- master. From this date until 1860, when the Governmenl Building was completed, seven or more different removes were made to accom- modate the growing business of the office. This first Federal building stood on the northwest corner of Dearborn and Monroe streets, and was burnt out in the fire of 1871, the mails, however, having been saved. The building was after- ward repaired, and became the new Adelphi, afterward Haverly's Theatre, until 1881, when it was torn down, and replaced by the First National Hank building. After the fire, the Tost office occupied suc- cessively, Burlington Hall, corner of Sixteenth and State streets, and the Wabash Avenue Methodist Church building, northwest corner of Wabash avenue and Harrison street, until that building was destroyed in the conflagration of 1X74. After this, it was located in turn at Washington and Halsted streets (now the West Division sub-office); in the Honore building, northwesl corner Dearborn and Adams streets. where it was again burnt out. the basement of the Singer building mow Marshall Field & Co.'s retail store), corner of State and Washington streets; in the Governmenl Building, south east cornel- of Clark and Adams streets, and at present in temporary quarters on Michigan avenue, between Madison and Randolph The development of the business done by this office has been little short of phenomenal. In 1871, forty years after its establishment with a fortnightly horseback mail, it had become the second in importance under the government. Chicago is the postal distributing cent re of one- seventeenth of the inhabitants of the United States. It is the postal centre, territorially con- sidered, of one-fifth of this country. It is the wm LINCOLN MONUMENT, LINCOLN PARK. THE UNITED STATES MAIL. 33 distributing centre of nearly 5,000,000 people, and the great proportion of its business is of that character. It contributes one-fifteenth of the postal revenue of the United Slates. Its net profit is second to that of New York, while its percentage of profit is not equaled by any of the large cities of the country. Us total re- ceipts are about $5,000,000 a year, showing an increase of 235 per cent, within the last ten years. It contributes to the government as much as do the cities of St. Louis, Cincinnati. San Francisco. Brooklyn, and Pittsburg to- gether. The allowance for clerk hire at the Chicago l'ost Office is more than that of all the Post Offices in the States of Alabama, Arkan- sas. California, Colorado, Connecticut. Dela- ware, Florida. Georgia, Idaho. Kansas, South Carolina. Utah and Washington. Chicago as a post office is. territorially con- sidered, with its 187 square miles, the largest in the world. < >ne hundred and twenty-five square miles are served by carriers, of whom there are 1,092 in number. There are now made in the city 3,500 deliveries a day. and about 1,100 col lections, and the wagon collectors cover in the neighborhood of 3,800 miles a day. traveling miles enough to encircle the world once a week. The number of persons employed in theCmcagO Post Office is about 2,000. and the number of persons paid by the Postmaster of Chicago is about 3,100, which includes the clerks of the railway mail service who radiate from Chicago. The amount of money handled by the money older division of the Chicago Post Office this year will be. in round figures, f30,000,000, or spill. Olio a day. The money order business of Chicago is forty times as large as that of Brook- lyn. The postal receipts of tins office this year will be $5,000,000; the percentage of expense to receipts will lie about ~>~> per cent, in Chicago. considering its enormous mileage (nearly 4. (>()<> miles of which is covered by free delivery. This is a remarkable showing. Last year there were handled 700,000,000 pieces of mail matter. There are in the service 106 wagon collectors, who have 156 horses. There are in Chicago ninety-two places where money orders can be purchased and mail matte!' registered, and 190 places where stamps are sold. There are handled on an average in Ibis city 2,000,000 pieces of mail matter daily. There are collected on an average daily, 700,000 pieces of first-class mail matter, meaning let- ters, of which about ."on. (inn are for delivery out side the city, and about 200,000 for delivery within the city. In addition thereto there are letters and newspapers (local and otherwise. pieces of mail matter delivered by carriers! enough to make the grand total of 1,000,000 pieces handled by the carriers. Nearly 40,000,- niKi pounds of second-class mail matter were handled at the Chicago Post Office lasl year. This amount is enormously large, and when re- duced to figures can be estimated at 100.000,000 newspapers, or 500,000 a day. The number of third and fourth-class pieces, such as catalogues, books, and merchandise, amounted to more than 12.000,000. thus mak- ing a total of bulky matter, on the average, of more than 1,000,000 a month. The honor of devising distribution cars and perfecting the railway mail service is usually given to Col. George B. Armstrong, Assistant Postmaster of the Chicago office in 1864. He- was made the first Superintendent of that branch of the service as soon as it was organ- ized, and died on May 5, 1871. There is a bust of him standing on the government grounds, at the corner of Clark and Adams streets. The Custom House. — Prior to 1840. the port of Chicago was a tributary of the Detroit district, but on July Hit ii of that year it was made, by Act of Congress, a port of entry, and on August 10th William 1!. Snowhook, pre- viously special surveyor, was appointed Collec- tor of the Port. The Custom House was then located at 3 Clark street. In 1852 it was re- moved to 129 South Water street, again re- moved, in 1850, to 13 La Salle street, where it remained until 1800, when it was transferred to the new government building, at the coiner of Dearborn and Monroe streets. After the fire, temporary quarters were occupied during seven months, in Congress Hall Hotel, at the corner of Michigan avenue and Congress street. These quarters proving inadequate a change was made to the Republic Life Insurance building, where the department remained until 1885, when a transfer was made to the now abandoned gov- ernment building, and is at present temporarily at the corner of Harrison street and Pacific ave- nue. The following shows the business transacted in the Inspector's Division of the Custom House during 1895: There were weighed 29,617,861 His. of tin-plate: 4,966,877 lbs. of soda: 3,102,959 lbs. of tobacco; 36,678,232 lbs. of miscellaneous matter, making a total of 74,365,929 lbs. There were gauged 315,046 gallons of spirits, and 6,238 packages stamped. There were 2,517,379 cigars received, and 00,747 boxes stamped. The num- ber of vessels measured was 20, number dis- charged, 303; cars transferred. 469; cars dis- charged, 7.702: cars inspected, 2,340; consign ments, 8,889. There were 929,194 packages de livered to consignee, 26,145 to appraiser, ami 334,153 lo warehouse. The growth of the department is shown by the following figures: Exports, 1836, $1,000.64; imports, $325, 203.90; 1s-"7. exports, $1,585,096; imports from Canada. $326,325; duties collected on all impor- tations, $143,009.23; while, by 1871, the eab f imports had reached $3,989,860, on which there were collected $1,985,370.10. During the same year there arrived 12,320 vessels, with 3,096,101 34 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. tonnage, and cleared 12,312 vessels, of 3,082,235 tonnage. By 1891 the value of imports had risen to $16,828,394, paying in duties $5,920,- Ili0.(l2. The number of vessels owned in Chi- cago at the close of the same year was 300. with a total tonnage of 72,600. This port registers more entries and clearances than any other in the country. MILITARY. Major-General Wesley Merritt, who, on the transfer of Major-General Nelson A. Miles, as- sumed command of the Department of the Mis- souri, U. S. A., has his headquarters on the fourth floor of the Pullman building, corner Michigan avenue and Adams street. The new Post at Fort Sheridan, twenty-four and one-half miles north of the city, on the Chi- cago & North-Western Railway, and overlook- ing the lake, quarters ten companies of the reg- ular United States army. The First Brigade of the Illinois National Guard has its headquarters in Chicago. This Brigade comprises the First Regiment of In- fantry, with a granite armory at Sixteenth street and Michigan avenue; the Second Regi- ment of Infantry, occupying a splendid brick ar- mory at the corner of Washington boulevard and Curtis street; the Third Regiment of In- fantry, the Fourth Regiment of Infantry, the First Regiment of Cavalry, occupying a stone armory on Michigan avenue, north of Monroe street; Battery C and Battery D, whose stone armory is at the corner of Michigan avenue and Monroe street, adjoining that of the First Cav- alry. The Brigade headquarters are in the Pullman building, corner Michigan avenue and Adams street. This Brigade numbers about 2.500 men. 1,500 of whom are residents of Chi- cago. Beside these, there are in the city several detached military companies, all liable to State service. CRIMINAL COURT AND COUNTY JAIL. These departments of justice occupy three buildings, covering about two-thirds of the square bounded by Michigan street, Dearborn avenue, Illinois and (Mark streets. The crimi- nal court building has a frontage of 140 feet on Dearborn avenue, and 05 feet on Michigan street. This building is of limestone. The countv court sessions begin on the first Mon- day of each month. The jail, on Illinois street. is of brick, and contains 198 cells, of which 130 are for male, 48 for female, and 10 for juvenile offenders. The buildings cost #375,000. PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. Trade, as well as society, has grown luxuri- ous in its tastes during these latter days. Time was when the great financiers, at the helms of important mercantile enterprises, were contented with the meanest of quarters, on the theory that the beauty of the oyster has nothing to do with the value of the pearl. But tempora mutantur, et nos mutamus in il lis (times change, and we change in them), the merchant prince now prefers to occupy a mercantile palace, and the great generals of finance want something more than shabby tents for their departmental headquarters. Therefore it is that Chicago, being the most modern of all the four great commercial centers of America, more than any of her sister cities reflects this modern idea, and has to show such a great number of handsome and imposing blocks and buildings devoted to purely com- mercial uses. If there is a typical American city, it is this. America's youngest daughter; and, if there be such a thing as American architecture, it is to be seen in the buildings of Chicago. Their materials are brought from every field, and their designs from every source. As the bulk of Chicago's business is done within the two square miles bounded on the east by the lake, on the south by Twelfth street, on the west by Halsted street, and on the north by the river, the blocks and build- ings here described are nearly all within easy walking distance of the City Hall, or any of the hotels. The foregoing gives a tolerably fair idea of the official organization and governmental de- partments of the city. Closely connected with them are the courts and those who are entrust- ed with the administration of the law. And, inasmuch as a city depends, not so much on its great buildings and improvements, as upon the men who maintain its activities, we here- by present the portraits and biographical sketches of some of Chicago's representative men who are intimately connected with its of- ficial and administrative functions, the law- yers. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HON. ABNER SMI ITU. The position of judge on the bench, when clothed with its true purity and strength, ranks tirst among the callings of men. Law is the voice of God and the harmony of the world; and its administration should be by con- scientious men who are calm in t li«- strength of flawless red i t u d e. Judge Aimer Smith, w h w a s elected to the Circuit Court bench in November, 1893, has evi- denced the possession of qualities and abilities which place him in the rank of such judges. He has served with great satisfaction in The law. chan- cery and crim- inal courts, and has won the esteem and high [iraise of the bar, on ac- count of his legal ability, judicial tem- perament and fairness. His work, say the lawyers, is performed with the ut- most sincer- ity, never slurred over or hastened as a lawyer or judge; and into it, he puts the best of him- self — his best thoughts, his acute observation, his close knowledge of law and of human nature. As a judge, his acts are strong and full of breadth, accuracy and force. Since juris prudence is the foundation of the com monwealth, and indispensable to its growth. t ^!J wfc y - ^^ • 1 r Jr?' ' 1 H HON. ABNER SMITH. prosperity and advance, it is well that such judges represent and enforce it. In sound judgment, in patient industry, in (dear conception of the spirit and scope of ju- risprudence and intuitive perception of right, Judge Smith already ranks high in the esti- mation of bench, bar and public. Aimer Smith was born at Orange, Franklin County, Mas- s a ch u setts, August 4, L843. Hispar- e n t s w e r e II u m p h rey and Sophro- nia (Ward) Smith, w h o moved to Mid- dlebury. Ver- mont, to edu- cate a large family. Abner w a s gradu- ated from Middle- burv College, in 1866, after which h e t a u g h t in Newton A c a d e m y, Shoreh am, Vt. He came to Chicago in lstiT and en- tered the law office of J. L. Stark. a prom inent lawyer; stud- ied law, was admitted to the bar in 1868, and en- tered into partner- ship with Mr. Stark. When the latter died in 1873, he succeeded to the business of the firm. He has been in active practice since; has devoted himself to his profession; and has been rewarded by a most satisfactory success in all respects. He has won a competence, not one dollar of which was ever rusted with tears. or stained with blood. He has merited and 35 36 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. won the esteem of his fellow-citizens because of his uprightness in business and his straight forward conduct. For several years after the dissolution of the firm of Stark & Smith, by The death of Mr. Stark, he practiced alone. In 1877, he formed a partnership with Mr. J. M. H. Burgett, under the name of Smith and Burgett, which continued until 1887. His an cestrj, on the paternal and maternal side, are among the oldest and most substantial fami- lies in Massachusetts, the latter, the Ward family, known in the annals of the Revolution, before and since, in public positions of trust and honor in legislature and the judiciary. Ab- ner Smith's legal acumen and ability were in- herited and have been multiplied by his own attainments. As a lawyer he engaged in a high order of litigation and with a marked de- gree (if success. His upcome has been grad- ual, permanent and sure. So far as a judge goes, he has met the expectations and sanguine prediction of his friends. In 1869 he married Ada ('., daughter of Sereno Smith, of Shore- ham, Vt.: and resides at No. 15 Aldine Square. GEORGE EVERETT ADAMS. George Everett Adams was born June 18, 1840, in Keene, New Hampshire. He is a descendant, in di- rect line, from the original Adams family, which set- tled at Cambridge, Mass., in 162S. His father, Benja- min F. Adams, came to Chicago in 1835 and made some investments; but did not remove here with his GEORGE EVERETT ADAMS. family until 1S53. Young George received the first rudiments of his education in the common schools of his native town and afterward at Phillips Exeter Academy and Harvard College, where he graduated in the class of I860. He also graduated from the Dane Law School in 1S65. For a short time he was a mem- ber of Battery A, Illinois Artillery, in the early part of the war, since which he has devoted his energies to the practice of the law when not serving in official stations. Mr. Adams was elected to the Illinois State Senate in 1SS0. In 1882 he was elected to Congress and re-elected in 1884, 1886 and 1888, where he served with distinction on the committee on banking and currency, and on the committee on judiciary. He is now a member of the Board of Overseers of Harvard College, a trustee of the Newberry Library, a trustee of the Field Columbian Museum and a member of the Chicago Board of Education. CHARLES H. ALDRICH. Charles H. Aldrich was born August 26, 1850, in La Grange County, Indiana, and is a graduate of the University of Michigan. He began the practice of the law at Fort Wayne, Indiana, in 1876. He removed to Chicago in 1886. and soon took high rank at the CHAS. H. ALDRICH. bar. He is connected with much of the most import- ant litigation pending in the State and United States courts in Chicago; and is often engaged in contest in other jurisdictions. He served as Solicitor General of the United States during the latter part of Harri- son's administration and the first part of Cleveland's second administration. He was married October 13, 1875, to Miss Helen Roberts, a beautiful and ac- complished woman, to whom he attributes such suc- cess as has come to him. They have three children — one son and two daughters — and reside at Evanston, Illinois. EDGAR A. BANCROFT. Edgar A. Bancroft, though a resident of Chicago for but little over four years, is already one of its best-known and popular lawyers. He is the general solicitor of the Chicago & Western Indiana and "The Belt Line" railroads. For three years he was the so- licitor for Illinois of the A.. T. & S. F. R. R. Company; and as such he had a prominent part in the contempt proceeding in the United Slates courts, growing out of the Chicago strike of 1894. Mr. Bancroft graduated from Knox College in 1S7S. after winning first honors in the interstate oratorical BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 37 contest. In 1SS0 he received the degree of LL. B. from the law school of Columbia College. New York. His career as a lawyer began at Galesburg, and his ad- EDGAR A. BANCROFT. vancemcnt in his profession has been constant. He is a member of the Union League, the Chicago Liter- ary, the Caxton, the Marquette and the Law Clubs. WILLIAM H. BARNUM. William H. Barnum was born in Onondaga County. New York, February 15. 1840. His parents removed to /* f A \ ^ ^fct PI ^ r ~y M*~ ^te^fe ^^6 SB _^ WILLIAM II. BAIIM'M. Belleville, St. Clair County, Illinois, when he was about two years of age. As he grew up. he attended private schools; and, at sixteen, entered the State normal school at Ypsilanti, Michigan, where he spent two and one-half years. He then began teaching at his home, at Belleville, in order to earn the money to continue his studies. He entered the sophomore class of the University of Michigan in the fall of 185S, and. although compelled to relinquish his studies there during the junior year, he has since been accorded the honorary degree of Master of Arts by that institution. On leaving college he resumed teaching at Belleville, at the same time continuing his classical, literary and historical studies under competent instructors. In I860 Judge Barnum began the study of the law under Hon. George Trumbull, a brother of Ex-Senator Lyman Trumbull. He was admitted to practice in 1862, and began at Chester, Randolph County, Illinois. In 1S67 he removed to Chicago and formed a partner- ship with Lawrence J. J. Nissen; and continued in the active practice of the law under various connec- tions until 1879, when he was elected to the bench. For six years he filled the judicial office with satisfac- tion to the bar and honor to himself, when he resigned and resumed the practice of his profession. Judge Barnum, while practicing at the bar has prob- ably figured as extensively in the celebrated cases of his time as any lawyer in Chicago, his name being prominently associated with the legal history of the country. LEWIS H. BISBEE. The subject of this sketch was born in Derby. Or- leans County. Vermont, March 28, 1839. He was brought up on a farm; and at sixteen began an LEWIS II. DISBEE. academic course of study, afterward entering St. Hy- acinth College, Montreal. Here he acquired among Other things, a thorough knowledge of French; when he returned to Derby and began the study of the law. supporting himself in the meantime by teaching French. He was admitted to the bar in 1862. but soon enlisted for service in the war. being made cap- tain of Company H. 9th Vermont Infantry. He re- signed in 1SG3 by reason of ill health, and returned to the practice of the law. In 1866 he was elected state's attorney of Orleans County and re-elected in 1867, bul resigned to become collector Of customs at Newport In 1869 he was elected to the House of Represent a Of Vermont, and again in 1870. During the same time 38 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. he served as commissioner for Vermont under the ex- tradition treaty with Canada. Mr. Bisbee now sought a wider field for his activities and so removed to Chicago and there again began the practice of the law. In 1S75 he attacked the validity of the blanket mortgage which B. F. Allen, of Des Moines. Iowa, had placed upon his real estate before his failure, and succeeded in having it set aside. Since then he has been connected with other celebrated cases. Mrs. Hetty Green, said to be the richest woman in the world, is one of his clients. Mr. Bisbee is the author of "The Law of Produce Exchange," which is standard on the law governing stock and grain exchanges. He is a Republican and has taken a prominent part in many Republican cam- paigns. In 1878 he was elected to the Illinois Legis- lature, receiving almost the unanimous vote of his district. He took an active part in the annexation of Hyde Park to Chicago, being one of the originators of the scheme. He was married in 1864 to Miss Jane E. Hinman, of Vermont. They have two children. 1869, when he became a professor in that institution, at the same time studying law. He was admitted to the bar in 1870, and came to Chicago to practice his profession in 1874. In 1891 Mr. Miller was appointed corporation coun- sel by Mayor Washburne, and during two arduous years of labor won, amongst other victories, a recog- nition of the city's right to compel railroads to elevate their tracks. Mr. Miller also argued and won the cel- ebrated "Lake Front case," involving the right of the Illinois Central Railroad to occupy the Lake front. Mr. Miller is now a member of the eminent firm of Peck, Miller & Starr, and it need scarcely be insisted upon, as amongst the leaders of the Chicago bar. Mr. Miller married in 1887, and is the father of two chil- dren, has a large circle of friends, and is a member of the Chicago, Union League University and other clubs. CLAYTON EDWARD CRAFTS. LESTER L. BOND. Lester L. Bond was born at Ravenna, Ohio, in 1829. He received his early training in the public schools and later attended school in the winter and worked in a machine shop during the summer. He began tho study of law in the office of F. W. Tappan, completing it under Beirce and Jeffries. He was admitted to the bar in 1853. He removed to Chicago in 1854 and be- Mr. Clayton E. Crafts was born July 8, 1848, at Au- burn, Ohio. His earlier years were spent on his father's farm and attending the common schools. In Mi 1 '* **£ v ' ^^/K\ ^v^ '" LESTER L. BOND. gan his practice, in the prosecution of which he gradually dropped common law and devoted all his energies to patent law, on which he has come to be a recognized authority — one of the most eminent in the northwest. Mr. Bond has served two terms in the Illinois Legislature and several in the Chicago City Council, where he has made a most enviable record. He is a member of many of the powerful Chicago clubs and a Mason of high degree. JOHN S. MILLER. John S. Miller was born at Louisville. N. Y.. in 1847. He graduated at the St. Lawrence University in CLAYTON E. CRAFTS. 1864 he entered Hiram College. At twenty he gradu- ated from the Ohio State and Union Law College, at Cleveland, Ohio, and was admitted to the bar. Short- ly after he entered the law office of Judge John J. Van Allen, at Watkins, New York, remaining there until 1869, when he came to Chicago and began the practice of his profession. In 1882 he was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives; and has since served continuously. He was elected speaker of the House of Representatives for two successive terms, those of 1891 and 1893. He is a recognized leader in the Democratic party; and senior member of the law firm of Crafts and Stevens, making a specialty of real estate and corporation law. Mr. Stevens is master in chancery for the Superior Court of Cook County and one of the foremost lawyers at the bar. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 29 GEORGE W. BROWN. George W. Brown, County Judge of Du Page Coun- ty, Illinois, and one of the foremost men at the bar in the West, was born at Winfield Township, Du Page County. May 17. 1S59. He received his early training in the common schools of his county, from which he passed to the high school at Wheaton, final- ly graduating at the Northwestern College at Naper- ville. From here he entered the Union College of Law of Chicago, taking the full course. In the mean- while he read law with Hoyne. Horton and Hoyne. of Chicago, and was admitted to the bar at Wheaton in 18S3. He then entered upon the practice cf his profession at Wheaton, taking a lively interest in all public mat t e r s affectin the people of Northern Illi- nois. In the meantime h i s practice rapidly increased, to- gether with his popularity among the peo- ple. In 1890 he was elected County Judge of Du Page Coun- ty, and in 1894 was re-elected by an over- whelming m a - jority, being practically the nominee of both political parties, it is needless to say that the ad- ministration of his office has met with the hearty approval of the people. That is suffi- ciently indicat- ed by the unan- imity of his re- election. Judge Brown is nearly, if not quite, as much appreciated i n Chicago as he is in his own coun- ty. He is often assigned to duty on the bench of this county on the trial of im- portant cases, where he has given uniform satisfaction both to lawyers and litigants. Judge Brown has opened an office in Chicago in connection with Mr. J. F. Snyder, who is also a resi- dent of Wheaton, under the firm name of Brown and Snyder. The practice of the firm ranks along with the largest and most important in the city. Judge Brown was special attorney for the Northwestern and Metropolitan Elevated Railroad Companies in most oi their condemnation suits while building and extending their systems. He is a safe and cautious counsellor; a clear and logical reasoner: a fluent speaker; and before a jury a powerful and effective advocate. He takes an active interest in the des- tinies of the Republican party, and wields a powerful GEORGE W. BROWN. influence throughout the whole of the northern part of the state. Judge Brown is a Mason, a Knight Templar of Bethel Commandery, Elgin, Illinois; a "Shriner," of Medina Temple, Chicago; a member of the Odd Fel- lows, the National Union, Modern Woodmen, Knights of Pythias and other societies. He is a man of mod- erate means and in the prime of life. Whatever he has and whatever he is has come from his own un- aided exertions; and it is fair to expect that the same qualities of diligence and steadfast uprightness that have characterized him in the past will carry him to still greater fame and fortune in the future. Men do not stop growing in the middle of their careers. Judge Brown has still the best portion of his life before him and h e confidently looks forward to a long life of usefulness and honor. HON. LYS- ANDER HILL. Lysander Hill was born in Union, Lincoln County, Maine, July 4, 1834, tbe son of Isaac and Eliza M. (Hall) Hill, tracing his ancestry to the earliest settlers o f Massachu- setts. After passing through the common schools, he stud- ied at Warren Academy, and entered Bow- doin College in 1854 and grad- uated therefrom in 1858. Choos- ing the law as h i s profession, he entered the law office of A. P. Gould, at Thomaston, Maine, and was admitted to the bar in 1860. He began practicing a t once i n Thomaston, forming a part- nership with J. P. Cilley. under the firm name of Cilley & Hill. This partnership was dissolved in 1862 when Mr. Hill entered the Union army as captain in the Twentieth Maine Infantry. In 1863, on account of physical disability, Mr. Hill received his discharge from the army. He resumed the practice of law at Alexandria. Vir- ginia, and Washington, D. C, under the style of Hill & Tucker. He was Register in Bankruptcy of the Eighth Judi- cial District of Virginia from 1867 to 1869, when he was appointed judge of the district to fill an unex- pired term. In 1874 Judge Hill removed to Washington. D. C, and in May, 1881, removed to Chicago. 40 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. Judge Hill was married in February, 1S64, to Ade- laide R. Cole, of Roxbury, Massachusetts. This union has been blessed with three children. In politics, Judge Hill is a Republican. Judge Hill takes rank as one ot the ablest patent attorneys in the entire country. He is a gentleman of pleasing ad- dress and enjoys the esteem of a large circle of friends. EDWARD S. ELLIOTT. Edward S. Elliott, though less than thirty-five years of age, has already achieved a record that would be creditable to an older man. As a young man he edu- cated himself, taught school and entered the Univer- sity of West Virginia, from which he graduated with the highest honors: and was for two years assistant professor of ancient languages in that institution. Then, graduating from its law school, he took post- graduate law courses at the University of Virginia and at Columbia College. Xew York, and began law prac- tice in New York City. Subsequently returning to Wes large practice, making a specialty of patent law. in which department he is an authority of national Virginia, he took high rank in his profession. An earn- est Republican in politics, he stumped the state for the Republican ticket and made a reputation as a power- ful public speaker. He was appointed assistant United States District Attorney by President Harri- son, which position he filled with distinguished ability for four years, when he removed to Chicago, Mr. El- liott is a member of the Chicago Bar Association and of the Union League and Hamilton Clubs. NELSON COWLES GRIDLEY. At the age of eighteen Mr. Gridley began the studv of law in the office of Kent and Davies. of New York, in which city he was born in 1829. When twentv years of age he was appointed Deputy Clerk of the Supreme Court of the city and County of New York, and filled the position for two years. During the last year he was admitted to the bar. He began the ac- tive practice of his profession in conjunction with Cyrus Lawton. and later in partnership with J. G. Lamberson. In 1854 he went to San Francisco and practiced there until 1S56. in which year he moved to Milwaukee, and finally, in 1870, came to Chicago. Since living in Chicago. Mr. Gridley has built up a NELSON C. GRIDLEY. reputation. Mr. Gridley's home is in Evanston, in the advancement of which place he has taken a great in- terest. GEORGE W. KRETZINGER. George W. Kretzinger has been in the successful practice of law in Chicago for more than twenty years. His knowledge of legal matters is unusually GEORGE W. KRETZINGER. wide, but he is especially learned in corporation law in which branch of his profession his success has been most marked. As an advocate Mr. Kretzinger is pow- erful and eloquent. Among other important positions, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 41 Mr. Kretzinger has for some time been general coun- sel of the Louisville, New Albany & Chicago Railroad Company. Mr. Kretzinger's determination of charac- ter was early evidenced by his entering the army at the age of fitteeu. He served during the entire war. and. youthful as he was. was noted for his courage and capacity. In social circles Mr. Kretzinger is much esteemed, arid his manly qualities have won him many friends. WILLIAM SIDNEY ELLIOTT. JR. William Sidney Elliott. Jr., son of William Sidney and Caroline (Morse) Elliott, was born at Niles, Mich- igan, May 1. 1S49. and is a lineal descendant of John Eliot, the noted Indian apostle. His early edu- cation was ac- quired in the public schools of Quincy, Illinois. After leaving school he en- tered the bank- ing house of L. & C. H. Bull, of Quincy. where he remained for four years. Com- ing to Chicago in March. 1869, he obtained a position with the old State In- surance Com- pany of Chica- go, with which he remained for one year, leav- ing it in 1870 to enter the insur- ance brokerage business in which he worked up one of the best paying pat- ronages of the great Chicago fire period. In 1879 he began the study of law in the office of Emery A.Storrs, with whom he formed a part- nership after his admission to the bar in 1882, which ended in 1887. when he was appointed assistant state's attorney of Cook "Il.I.IAM County under Judge Longenecker, with whom he re- mained five years, during which time he prosecuted and secured the conviction of many noted criminals, among them being George Painter, executed for the murder cf his mistress. Alice Martin: George Hath- way, the slayer of Alderman Whalen. sentenced to life imprisonment afterwards sent, on his plea of guilty, to three years in penitentiary: John Conly, sentenced by jury for life upon purely circumstantial evidence: the murderers of Officer Adam Frier — Mortel and McGrath — sentenced to Joliet for life, afterwards given a new trial and acquitted; John Dennison. mur- derer of John Dillon, while attempting burglary: Meckie Rauson, for shooting Lawyer Whitney: Math- ies Bush, for the most brutal murder of his wife, pen- alty life imprisonment: Augest Helzke, who whipped his son to death with a strap, sentence life impris- onment, which was commuted from the death pen- alty which had been imposed by the jury; Anarchist Hronek. charged with conspiracy to assassinate Judges Gary and Grinnell with dynamite or knife, twelve years in Joliet; Edward A. Trask, who had for years defied the law by countless crimes, was sen- tenced to eighteen years in Joliet, where he has since died; James Briscoe, convicted of murderous assault on Edwin Walker, thirty years in penitentiary; John Redmond, the father of the abducted Annie Red- mond, who. through jealousy, killed Dr. Wilder, given a life sentence in prison. Mr. Elliott has been one of the most sue cessful of de- fenders. In two cases the death penalty was im- posed, those of Borvelle andNic Marzen. A mo- tion is now pending in the Supreme Court in the former for a new trial; in the Marzen case Mr. Elliott has secured a reprieve from Governor Alt- geld until next January. and will. in that time, have an opportunity t o present new evi- dence that it is hoped will clear his client of the charge. Mr. El- liott participat- ed in the effort for a stay of execution in the case of Pender- grast, who slew Carter H. Harri- son; and to his services must be partly ascribed the success of those endeavors resulting in a postponement of the execution pending a trial of the question of the insanity of Pendergrast, which excited so much comment time, many hav- ELLIOTT. Jr. among the legal fraternity at the iug contended that the time for his legal execution having passed he was dead in the eyes of the law and could not thereafter be executed, which Mr. Elliott denied, being fully sustained in his position by the execution of Prendergast after the question of his sanity had been passed upon. At the conclusion of Mr. Elliott's plea to the court for a stay of execution, which was granted by Judge Chetlain. Mr. James S. Harlan, son of Justice Harlan of the Supreme Coun of the United States, and whom Mr. Elliott was as- sisting in securing the said stay of execution, passed to Mr. Elliott a note containing the following memo- randa in pencil, of the date of March 22, 1S94, which \ KP CHU - - v 1 1 Liavvln -• ution. and aft*r all will - - - - -- - - - - • -r i= his S«nj- 1» as »«41 a* - s K = F**w»e* aai - - ■ . -. - - - .-> - - I hmmhOm hi tola s Aa Ms - '-•-^ .'- . ^ - - - - g - - \ • - 3 j - - ? - - - - - - * ■ art MriM In Janus Mr L . : ih* n. : .T. U aa earty ags h* »*s - - BIOGRAPHICAL BKE1 CHBS. 1.: law course, i i « ■ ^ i u< i i < •< i for two years with Spafford mi and Wlli on, and was admitted to i be bar Ity the Supreme Court at Ottawa In September, 1874 He then formed a partnership with Mr. McDald, one ol in:- old Instructors, under the name ol McDald & Knight. He v..' appointed, In 1879, k I tant Attorne} under Julius s Qrinnell, whom be sue eeeded a Cltj Attorney In 1884; and In 1888 be waa appointed Assistant Corporation Counsel by Mayor Roche. This position be held until 1889, when be resigned to engage In private practice. Durln ears' connection with the city law department, Mr. Kni Kin. more than any one else, shaped the couri • of leg) ilatlon relative to the city ol Chicago, To blm Ilted the acts under which the parlous am ha i !■ been made to I be oil y, and also the Ing ni most of the Important franchises which were granted during his time. i pon ins retirement from public life be formed a partnership with Mr. Paul Brown, under the Arm name ol Knlghl & Brown. The practice of the firm runs largely to corporation, municipal and Insurance law. it m pn ■ at the Interests of many of the great corporations ol bhe city. Mr. Knlghl li a Mason, a Knight Templar of Chevallei Bayard Commandery; a member ol the Royal League, Independent Ordet ol Forresters, the Iroquola and the Ithletlc Clubs, FRANK ORREN LOWDEN. Frank o. Lowden was born at Sunrise Cltj Minn January 26, 1861 He is of Scotch lineage which runs bach to a time prior to the British war ol 1812. His parents removed to Iowa In 1888, when- young Frank worked on his father's farm In the ainnmei and attended the public schools In the winter. At fifteen he began teaching In Hardin County, thus [■-HANK 0. LOWDEN, ng the money to defray the expi use ol bis school- ing. He entered college at the Iowa state University in September, ixxi, taking the classical course. He graduated In June, 1885, being valedictorian of his 1 H<- then re umed teaching al the Burlington, Iowa. High Bchool, studying law during leisure I i In 1886 be entered the law office of Dexter, Herrlch * Allen ol i at the bead of which tood the Wirt Di Kter. He al o tool at the Union College "i Law, from which bi radu i In 1887, as raledlctoi Ian of hi els H Ivi ,: fli prize tor bis oral Ion and Brsi pi lz< fi ■ irsblp He waa admitted to the bar thi same yeai after ex amlnatlon before the Appellate Court, standln i be bi ad ol bl cla In 1 BO be became a pai < i Mr. B. B. Walker, which continued for two yeai Mr Lowden is now In practli Mr. Lowden is a Republican In polltlt and a lib- eral In religion, having been a clost friend of the late Prol David Swing He la a member and dlr» toi ol i be Calumet Club; member of I e fra ternltles; member ol the Union League; Chicago Washington Park, Sunsel and the Law Clubs and ol i be Chicago Bar Asi o< latlon JAMBS It. MANN. Jamet it Mann wa boi a near Blooming noli October 20, 1866, from whence bli fatbei mc tn Iroquola County In 1867. He was graduated al the University of minor in 1 16 al the bead ol bis ■ # H^H^^Hy4w,f Mm. / I mm / B 1 J L JAMES It. MANN. in 1879 he entered the I nlon College ol Law In Chi cago; won ail the prizes for scholarships In both jun- ior and senior (rears; the Horton prize of H'm for ' written thesis, be Ida being the valedictorian ol his class. He was admitted to thi bai In 1881 Inct which be has been In the acl li i In I b li Mr. .Mann has aerved on the School Board ol Hyde Park, and Attorney for the villa ion to Chicago. Subsequently be waa elected In iw»2 Alderman from the Thirty-second Ward to the Chicago City Council, and re-elected In 1894, He was a leading member of the Cltj Council; and. tor i i,r., years, was Chairman of the Judiciary Commit- tee. To his efforts are due the drainage of the swampj district south of Jackson Para bj a low li in and pumping works; tin creation oi the Bu lean for Street and Alley Cleaning; regulation the Inspection of milk; requiring corporation make deposits of monej th< proper replaci nn ni ol street torn up by them; the extension of the pipe system by I m at i bi of vitrified brick for street pavement, and many ot ol equal importance. In the Council, Mr been the leader of the honest minority as against the hoodie gang, and was a hard and resourceful fighter. In 1894 he wa ten of the Republl 44 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. can Convention, and made an opening speech which placed him in the front rank ot political speakers, the Chicago Tribune editorially demanded that the State Central Committee should compel Mr. Mann to stump the State, which he did in the 1894 campaign, in a manner which added to his tame. In 1S95, he led a revolt against the party leadership assumed by Mayor Swift in Chicago and was sustained by his party in the most hotly contested primary campaign ever known: and as a result he was elected Chair- man of the Cook County Republican Convention. In the spring of 1896 Mr. Mann was nominated as candi- date for Congress from the First District of Illinois, one of the strongest Republican districts in the coun- try. He is noted as a keen thinker, forceful speaker and graceful writer, commanding attention in the court room or on the stump. Mr. Mann was for several years a Master in Chan- cery of the Superior Court of Cook County, but re- signed on account of his increased law practice. He is attorney of the South Park Commissioners, in Chi- cago; and is the head of the firm of Mann, Hayes & Miller, real estate and chancery lawyers. He was married in 1882 to Emma Columbia, of Champaign, and has one son. He is a member of the Chicago Bar Association, Chicago Law and Art Insti- tutes, the Union League, Hamilton, Oakland, Lakota. Hyde Park, 12:45, Unity and a number of other clubs. HON. HARVEY B. HURD. Harvey B. Hurd was born February 14, 1828, at Huntington, Fairfield County, Connecticut. He lived and worked on his father's farm until he was four- teen years of age, when he entered the office of the Bridgeport Standard, to learn to be a printer. Two years later, in 1844. he went to New York and worked for a time with Gould & Banks, law publishers. HARVEY B. HURD. While here he "set up" Daniel Webster's brief in the famous Girard case. In the fall of 1844 he returned to Bridgeport, and from there set out with ten other young men to attend Jubilee College, at Peoria, 111. From there he removed to Chicago, in 1846. His first regular employment was on the Evening Journal, and afterward on the Prairie Farmer. He began the study of the law with Calvin De Wolf, and was admitted to the bar in 1848. While his profession has been the law and his thought has been in that direction, for- tunate investments in real estate have given him an easy competence. He was an anti-slavery agitator, a member of the Buffalo Convention of 1S56, and of the committee that formed the plan of organization there adopted, which resulted in making Kansas a free State. In 1869 Mr. Hurd served as one of the commissioners to revise the statutes of the State, and before it was finished the whole work devolved upon him, which he finished in April, 1S74. He was then ap- pointed to edit the edition of 18S4. In 1862 he was elected to the chair of the Union College of Law, as professor of pleadings, practice and common and statutory law, which he still holds. Since that time he has taken great interest in all public matters. To him is credited the origin of the movement for the establishment of the sanitary district of Chicago and in the adoption of the Torrens system of land titles. Mr. Hurd was married in May, 1853, to Cornelia A. Hilliard, daughter of James H. Hilliard. of Middle- town, Connecticut. In November, 1S60, he was mar- ried again, to Sarah G., the widow of George Collins, of Chicago. Mr. and Mrs. Hurd have two living chil- dren: Eda I., the wife of George S. Lord, and Nellie, the wife of John Comstock. WILLIAM EARNEST MASON. William E. Mason is one of Chicago's most es- teemed and foremost lawyers and politicians. He is a stalwart Republican, but has friends among all parties and classes. He was born in Franklinville, New York, July 7, 1850. The family removed to Ben- tonsport, Iowa, in 1865, since which time William has been practically thrown upon his own resources. By alternating periods of teaching with study he was enabled to make his way through school and support himself until he was admitted to the bar in 1871. Since that time he has been an active factor in pol- itics as well as at the bar. He has served one term in the Lower House and one in the Upper House of the State Legislature of Illinois, and two terms as a member of Congress. In 1894 he entered the can- vass for the United States Senate and made a tour of most of the counties of the State, giving his entire time to the Republican State committee, much of the time speaking in two counties a day. Out of nearly 300 Republican papers in the State there is not one which has not commended the splendid work done by Mr. Mason, even where they were opposed to his candidacy. He attacked no other candidate nor an- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 45 tagonized any other interest, but kept steadily to his own work. While he did not win the last time, he is still in the field, and he will be a good one who snatches the prize from him in 1897. HENRY STANTON MONROE. Henry Stanton Monroe, a prominent member of the Chicago bar, was born at Baltimore, Md., February 9, 1829. He graduated at Geneva College, New York, in 1850, valedictorian of his class. He then began the study of the law, and was admitted to the bar in 1853, beginning practice in Chicago in 1855. Mr. Monroe's practice has been general and extended. He has con- ducted some of the most celebrated cases that have ever come befcre the Illinois courts. Among them have been the Tilden and Myers case vs. the Chicago and Alton Railroad Company, and the Sturgess case vs. the Farwells and Taylor. He has handled many other celebrated cases in other States, notably, the Dixon Township case, tried in New Hampshire: the HENRY S. MONROE. Emma Mine case, tried in Utah; and the Michael Reese case, tried in California. Mr. Monroe has always been a great lover of liter- ature. At the great Chicago fire he lost one of the finest private libraries in the city, over 4,000 volumes of which were on law. He is an enthusiastic sportsman, especially with rod and gun. He was married in 185fi to Miss Mattie Mitchell of Akron, Ohio. They ha/e one son and three daughters. His daughters es- pecially have made good records in literary circles and his son ranks high in his profession. ELIJAH B. SHERMAN, LL. D. Elijah B. Sherman was born at Fairfield, Vermont. June 18, 1832. His first twenty-one years were spent nil the farm, during which time he acquired a fair common school education which enabled him to be- gin teaching at nineteen. At twenty-one he went to Brandon and took a position as clerk in a drug store to earn the money which would enable him to enter college. He entered Middlebury College in 1856 and sustained himself by teaching. He graduated in 1860. and in 1861 became principal of the Brandon Sem- inary. In 1862 he enlisted in Company C, 9th Ver- mont Infantry, and was elected second lieutenant. His regiment was made prisoners at Harper's Ferry, where it was paroled and sent to Camp Douglas, Chi- cago. There he resigned and entered the Law De- partment of the University of Chicago, from which he graduated in 1S64. He was elected to the State Legis- lature in 1876, serving as chairman of the committee in Judicial Department, and was re-elected in 1878. Mr. Sherman has filled many important official positions, having been master in chancery of the Circuit Court ELIJAH B. SHERMAN. of the United States since 1879. He was also Chief Supervisor of Elections for the Northern District of Illinois from 1884 to 1892. He is an Odd Fellow, a Mason, a member of the Grand Army, of the Veteran Club and of the Loyal Legion. He was one of the founders of the Illinois Bar Association, and its pres- ident in 1882-83; has been president of the Illinois Association of the Sons of Vermont, and is a mem- ber of many prominent clubs and societies. He re- ceived the degree of LL. D. from his alma mater in 1884. Mr. Sherman is a Republican in politics and has been identified with the history of the party since its organization. ROSENTHAL, KURZ & HIRSCHL. This is one of the foremost law firms in Chicago. It is composed of Mr. James Rosenthal, Adolph Kurz and Andrew J. Hirschl. James Rosenthal is a native of Chicago. He was educated in the Chicago public schools, Chicago High School and Lake Forest, and graduated at Yale College Law School in 1880. He was admitted to the bar in July, 1880, and, for a time, practiced in his father's firm, Rosenthal & Pence, where he gained a large experience in probate and real estate law. The pres- ent firm was organized July, 1S94. Mr. Rosenthal has always taken an active interest in educational mat- ters, and in 1891 was appointed a member of the Board of Education for Chicago, serving for three years. He has proved himself one of the most useful members as chairman of the judiciary committee and as chairman of the committee on buildings and grounds. He was one of the organizers of the Young Men's Hebrew Charity Association and its first secre- tary. He is a staunch Republican and active in the councils of his party, and is a member of the Hamilton and Woodlawn Park Clubs, Chicago Bar Association. Illinois State Bar Association, and Commercial Law League of America. Adolph Kurz. the second member of the firm of 46 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. Rosenthal, Kurz & Hirschl, was born in Germany. January 11. 1868. He removed, with his widowed mother, to this country in 1882 and settled in Chicago. His first care was to acquire a thorough education, JAMES ROSENTHAL. and in 1889 he graduated from the Chicago College of Law and entered upon the practice of his profession. Until then he had supported himself, while prosecuting his studies, as manager of the city collecting depart- ment of a large commercial law firm, to which he rose step by step from errand boy. Acquiring a love for ** *^ *n m 4 S 1 *^^ ADOLPH KURZ. his work, he determined to make commercial law his specialty. He numbers among his clients such houses as Hibbard. Spencer, Bartlett & Co.. Cribben, Sexton & Co., and other firms of like standing. He is a rec- ognized expert in commercial law. He is a member of the Standard Club, the Chicago Bar Association and Chicago Law Institute. Andrew J. Hirschl, member of Rosenthal, Kurz & Hirschl, was born April 30, 1853, at Davenport, Iowa. Mr. Hirschl was educated at Griswold College, Daven- port, and at Amherst, Mass. He then took a course in the law department of the Iowa State University. at Iowa City. He began practice at Davenport, but, in July, 1891, removed to Chicago, mainly to be near the University of Chicago, where he desired his chil- dren to be educated. Mr. Hirschl has had a wide experience in theoretical law, as well as a large scope of practice in the trial of cases. He was for a time a lecturer on the Law of Torts at the State University law department, Iowa City, in 1888, and declined a permanent appointment, finding it interfered too much with his practice. Mr. Hirschl has been identified with a number of important cases in the Appellate and Supreme Courts. Among the more important Supreme Court cases are the Kean assignment case, reversing the settled prac- tice of the Circuit and Appellate Courts; the Wrixon case, establishing the liability of street car companies for not having fenders on wheels; the Great Western ANDREW. J. HIRSCHL. Telegraph Company vs. Lowenthal, relating to liabil- ity of stockholders; People ex rel. Ahrens vs. English, establishing the right of women to vote at school elections (except for county or state superintendent); People vs. McConnell, mandamus establishing the duty of judge to hear and determine a motion for new trial left undecided by a deceased judge. Mr. Hirschl is a Mason; member of the A. O. U. W. ; of the "Turn-Verin" since 1857; is now a member of the Chicago Bar Association, Chicago Law Institute, Medico-Legal Club, Hamilton Club, Woodlawn Park Club, Delta Kappa Epsilon Fraternity, and always a Republican. He was married September 27, 1876, to Charlotte Schreiner, a native of Prussia. WILLIAM H. TATGE. Illinois, No- His family Early in life William H. Tatge was born at Crete, vember 9, 1860, of German parentage, came to this country in the fall of 184S. he imbibed a love for the law through working in his father's office while he was Clerk of the Circuit Court of Will County, at Joliet. He received a thor- ough training in the parochial schools of the Luth- eran Church, and graduated at Concordia College, at Fort Wayne, Indiana. To gratify his parents he en- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 47 tered the Lutheran Theological Seminary at St. Louis, but his taste for the law led to its abandonment on'' year later, when he began to study with Hill & Dibell (now Judge Dibell) of Joliet. After a course of pre- liminary reading he entered Union College of Law, at Chicago, from which he graduated in June, 1883, hav- ing previously been admitted to the bar, after exam- ination, by the Appellate Court, in March, 1883. Having imbibed a love for politics along with that of the law. he has always taken an active part, so that, it is not surprising that he was admitted to the counsels of the Lutheran Church when its interests were attacked by the compulsory school law of 1890. Mr. Tatge was engaged to defend all the cases brought against parents in the State for sending their chil- dren to the parochial schools. In this he was emi- nently successful. After Mr. Swift was elected as Mayor of Chicago he appointed Mr. Tatge as City Prosecuting Attorney, which office he has filled with credit to himself and satisfaction to his superiors. Mr. Tatge's practice is a general one. By hard work and conscientious effort he has become a successful practitioner. WILLIAM H. TATGE. Mr. Tatge was married May 6, 1885, to Miss Nellie Mallen, and resides with his wife and four boys in Englewood. LORIN CONE COLLINS, JR. Lorin Cone Collins, Jr., was born at Windsor, Con- necticut, August 1. 1848. As a boy he attended the common schools of St. Paul, Minnesota, to which city his parents had removed in 1853. When nineteen years of age he went to Delaware, Ohio, and passed through a two years' course of training for college. He entered the Northwestern University, at Evanston, in 1868, graduating in 1872. On leaving college he entered the law office of Clarkson and Van Schaak, in Chicago, and began the study of law. Admitted to the bar in 1874, he engaged in the practice of his profession until 1878, when he was elected to the Legislature. He was twice re-elected and in his last term became Speaker of the House. During his ser- vice he was identified with many popular measures. In 1884 Mr. Collins was appointed Judge of the Cir- cuit Court of Cook County by Governor Hamilton to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Judge Barnum. In the following June he was elected for the term of six years. In 1891 he was again elect- LORIN C. COLLIN'S, JR. ed, and served until October, 1893, when he resigned and again entered on the practice of law. JOHN R. PARKER. John R. Parker has been actively engaged in Chi- cago legal affairs since his admission to the bar by the Supreme Court at Mount, Vernon in 1875. He has won a great reputation and acquired a large prac- tice by his ability and straightforwardness. Mr. Par- ker is a man of broad sympathies. He is actively in- terested in politics and always takes a prominent part in all campaigns as a Republican. He is one of the JOHN R. PARKER. most effective speakers that the State Republican campaign committee has at its disposal. He is a resident and large property owner in the Twelfth ward, and is deeply interested in its material and political welfare. He is ever a foremost worker for any movement tending toward the city's improvement. Mr. Parker is interested in literary and educational matters and is a graduate of Hillsdale College. 48 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. KICKHAM SCANLAN. Kickham Scanlan has already acquired a fame in his profession far beyond his years. While only thir- ty-one years of age. he has been engaged in more of the celebrated criminal law cases in Chicago and the West than almost any other lawyer of twice his years. He was born in Chicago. October 23, 1864. His father, Michael Scanlan, of Washington, D. C, is well known as a writer and composer of music. During Kickham's childhood he accompanied his parents to Washington, where he attended the public and high schools of the Capital City. He afterward entered the University of Notre Dame, at South Bend, Indiana, where he took a three-year course, which he followed with a special course under a private tutor. Returning t o Chicago he en- tered the office of Colonel W. P. Rend, the well- known coal dealer and ope- rator, where he served for four years, during which time he ac- quired habits of business and a knowledge of af- fairs which has been of the greatest service in his subse- quent career. His tastes, tal- ents and inclin- ation, however, were all toward the law as his p r o f e s sion in life. In 1886 he entered the law office of Luther Laflin Mills and George C. Ing- ham, at the same time taking a course at the Chicago College of Law, gradu- ating in its first class. Following close in the foot- steps of his em- inent preceptor, Mr. Mills, Mr. Scanlan soon be- came famous in the handling of criminal cases. H e remained with the firm of Mills & Ingham for seven years KICKHAM SCANLAN. during "which he assisted in the trial of all of the important cases with which it was connected, including the McGarigle case. the first trial of the Cronin case, the Ohio tally-sheet fraud case in Columbus, Ohio, in 1888. where he was associated with Mr. Mills and Allen G. Thurman for the prosecution, the Millington poisoning case at Den- ver in 1891, and many others. His careful, pains- taking industry and conspicuous ability soon made his services sought for; and he has. for years, been repeatedly called upon to assist the State's Attorney of Cook County in the prosecution of difficult crim- inal cases. In argument he is logical and eloquent, and his words always carry weight with judge and jury, seldom failing to result in victory. Mr. Scanlan was special counsel for the State in the Graham-Hank bribery case in Chicago, which prosecution resulted in the first conviction for jury bribery in the West. His connection with the two Cronin cases is well known throughout the country. His keen logic, his brilliant eloquence, and withal his masterly argument, carried conviction and made him widely known. In the sec- ond trial he made the opening speech for the prosecu- tion, which extended over three days. His analysis and presentation of the case was acknowledged by all who heard it as one of the most masterly and con- vincing in the history of the Chicago bar. That the prosecution won its case is the general verdict of the public, but influences were at work below the surface which gave the verdict of the jury to the other side. In 1893 Mr. Scanlan opened an office in the Ashland block, where he has met with al- m o s t uninter- rupted success. One of the most peculiar cases in the history of Chicago juris- prudence was that of Edwin Kohn, who con- fessed to taking a decoy letter from the mail. Mr. Scanlan de- fended. He raised the point that the decoy letter was not such an one as was contemplat- ed by the United States statutes under which Kohn was in- dicted. Judge G r o s c u p sus- tained the point and discharged the prisoner. Mr. Scanlan was married in 1890 to Miss Sa- die Conway, daughter of Michael W. Con- way, Fire In- spector of Chi- cago. She is a woman of rare attainments and has proved a helpmeet indeed. Two daughters have been born to them. Their home is pleasantly located at No. 85 Ewing Place, where literature, music and art add their charms to the other attractions, and give evidence of the refined and cultured home. Mr. Scanlan is an active Republican, and exerts a powerful influence in the destinies of his party. WILLIAM VOCKE. An example of the self-made American citizen, and an exemplification of what an ambitious foreigner can do in this country is shown in the case of William Vocke. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 49 Mr. Vocke came here from the historic Miudeu, in Westphalia, when seventeen years of age. This was in 1856. His father was a government secretary in the Prussian service, and after his death the son, be- lieving that the United States offered him a future not to be found in his own country, emigrated hither. He stopped in New York for a short time, and then came to Chicago. He was for a time employed by the "Staats Zeitung," in the meantime studying law. In 1860, he entered the employ of Ogden, Fleetwood & Co.. a real estate firm of Chicago. On the day that the war broke out he enlisted. His company was soon merged into the Twenty-fourth Illinois Volunteer In- fantry. After the expiration of his term of service he was mustered out as captain of Company O, of the Twenty-fourth Illinois. Mr. Trainor is regarded as one of the prominent and successful lawyers of Chicago, having attained WILLIAM VOCKE. When Captain Vocke returned to Chicago, he again entered the service of the "Staats Zeitung;" this time as its city editor. For nearly a year he held this re- sponsible chair. From April, 1865, to November, 1869, he was the clerk of the police court of this city. He resumed the study of the law in the meantime, and was admitted to the bar in 1867. He was elected a member of the Illinois Legislature in 1870. Captain Vocke was also a member of the Chicago Board of Education from 1877 to 1880. For nearly twenty years past he has been attorney for the Imperial German Consulate at this point. In 1867 he was joined in matrimony to Elise Wahl, a charming woman, and they have a family of six chil- dren — four daughters and two sons. JOHN CHAUNCEY TRAINOR. John Chauncey Trainor was born at Watertown, N. Y., in 1858, where he received his early education. He began the study of law in his native town in the law office of Hannibal Smith. His professional studies were interrupted by two terms of school teaching, after which he resumed them with E. B. Wynn. gen- eral counsel for the Rome, Watertown & Odgensburg Railroad Company. Mr. Trainor was admitted in the bar at the general term of the Supreme Court held at Syracuse, N. Y., January 6th, 1882, at the age of twenty-four, and a year later came to Chicago to prac- tice his profession. He first opened an office at Ken- sington, and after establishing a permanent practice removed to the La Favette Building, 70 La Salle Street. JOHN C. TRAINOR. that position by honesty and hard work. In politics he is a Republican, always active, unselfish and loyal to his friends. CHARLES S. THORNTON. Among the leaders of the bar of Chicago is Charles S. Thornton. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, CHARLES S. THORNTON. in 1851, obtained his education in that city and at Harvard College. In 1873 he was admitted to prac- tice in Illinois upon examination before the Supreme Court of that State, and has since been admitted to practice in the District. Circuit and Supreme Courts of the United States. He has been counsel in many leading cases in the practice of his profession, and has met with extraordinary success. In addition to bis law practice he has at times de- 50 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. voted some of his attention to public affairs. For three years he was a member of the Cook County Board of Education, was afterward elected a member of the City Board of Education, where he served for three years also, and in 1895 was appointed a member of the State Bo^rd of Education of Illinois, a position which he now holds. Some of the measures advocated by him will be of lasting benefit to the public school system. He is the author of the Pension Bill for teachers, the system of Truant Schools, and the Six Years' College Preparatory Court now in operation in the schools of Chicago. HORATIO LOOMIS WAIT. Wait was born in New York City, Hon. Horatio L. August 8, 1836. He comes from old colonial and revolution- ary stock, his ancestors set- tling in Massa- chusetts early in the seven- teenth century. His parents were Joseph and Harriet Heile- man (Whitney) Wait, natives of Vermont, but who met with a considerable succcess in busi- ness in New York. Young Hora- tio attended the Trinity School in New York, and, at fourteen, entered Colum- bia College grammar school, where he pre- pared for col- lege. In 1856 he came to Chicago and entered the employ of J. Young S c a m- mon. At the breaking out of the rebellion he forsook his law- books and joined Captain Brad- ley's company D, Sixteenth Il- linois Infantry. But before that was ready for the field Mr. Wait was offered a position as assistant paymaster in the navy, which he accepted. He was commissioned by President Lincoln and ordered to report to Rear Admiral Pauld- ing, at New York. Here he was assigned to duty on board the U. S. steamer "Pembina." with the rank of master, in the squadron under command of Admiral Dupont. For a time the "Pembina" was on blockade duty off Savannah, where it frequently exchanged shots with the rebels constructing batteries to protect that stronghold, but was later sent on a cruise to the West Indies in pursuit of the "Alabama." In the win- ter of 1862 it reported to Admiral Farragut off Pen- HORATIO L. WAIT. sacola and Mobile. Here the "Pembina" engaged in several spirited engagements with the Confederate batteries, captured two blockade runners and aided in the capture of others. When the "Pembina" was laid up for repairs Mr. Wait was transferred to the "Mary Sanford," transporting ammunition to Charles- ton for the monitor fleet. A few months later he was ordered to report to Admiral Dahlgren for duty on the flagship "Philadelphia," where he participaied in the naval events in conjunction with General Gil- more's attack upon and capture of Fort Sumter. He assisted in the ceremonies following the surrender, a part of which consisted in hoisting the same flag over the fort by Major Anderson that he had been com- pelled to lower in 1861. After the conclusion of peace Mr. Wait was transferred to the U. S. ship "Ino," and with the Euro- pean squadron visited all the ports o f note from Great Brit- a i n to Italy. The "Ino" was the first U. S. naval vessel to enter many of these ports after the war. While off Lisbon Mr. Wait was pro- moted to full paymaster, with the rank of lieu- tenant com- mander. He re- turned to the United States in 1867, and was ordered to the ship "New H a m p s h ire,'" commanded by Rear Admiral Rowan, at the Norfolk navy yard, and in 1868 was trans- ferred to the Pensacola navy yard as in- spector. In 1869 Mr. Wait resigned and returned to Chicago, where he resumed the study of the law in the office of Barker & Tuley. He was admitted to the bar August 22. 1870, and formed a partnership with his senior preceptor under the name of Barker & Wait. Later Ira W. Buell was admitted under the style of Barker, Buell & Wait. This continued until Mr. Wait's ap- pointment as Master in Chancery of the Circuit Court of Cook County in 1876, a position which he has held continuously since that time. Mr. Wait is now prob- ably the oldest master in chancery in the State. He has held it through all the changes in politics and administration, which, of itself, speaks volumes for the wisdom and integrity which he brings to the dis- charge of his duties. His polished demeanor, scholar- ly attainments and his intimate knowledge of the law are the very qualities which have made his success BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 51 in every station in life which he has been called to fill. While Mr. Wait is a Republican, he is not a partisan. He has always taken an active part in social move- ments, being one of the organizers of the Hyde Park Lyceum, which maintained a public library until Hyde Park was annexed to the city. He is a member and has served as president of the Chicago Literary Club. In church matters, also, ha has taken an active part, being a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church and formerly superintendent of the Tyng Mission Sunday School. Since then he has been active in the work of St. Paul's Episcopal Church. He helped to organize the Charity Organization Soci- ety, and helped in its work until it was merged into the Relief and Aid Society. Mr. Wait is a member of the Illinois State and the Chicago Bar Associations, the Kenwood and the Church Clubs. He is also identified with the Loyal Legion, the Farragut Naval Association, and other naval organizations. Mr. Wait was married May 7. 1860, to Miss Clara Conant Long, daughter of James Long, a prominent citizen and manufacturer of Chicago. They have two sons, James Joseph and Henry Heilman Wait. FREDERICK S. WINSTON. Frederick S. Winston was born in Kentucky, Octo- ber 27, 1856. Almost the whole life of the young mau has been spent in the Garden city. He was educated at Yale College, which he entered at sixteen, but left at the beginning of the senior year. He was, however, awarded his degree by the faculty upon the record of a three years' course. He then entered the Columbia College Law School at New York, and in 1878 was ad- mitted to the bar after examination by the Supreme Court of Illinois. He at once formed a law partner- ship with his father under the name of F. H. & F. S. Winston at Chicago. FREDERICK S. WINSTON. In 1SS1 Mr. Winston was appointed corporation counsel for the city of Chicago, a position which he held for five years, during which time he success- fully conducted a large amount of litigation for the city, saving it thousands of dollars. At the end of this time he resigned to devote himself to private practice. Since 1886. Mr. Winston has been counsel for the Michigan Central Railroad Company. He is also counsel for a large number of the most Important corporations which center in Chicago. In fact, his business has come to be exclusively corporation law. In 1886 he formed a partnership with Mr. James F. Meagher, under the style of Winston & Meagher. BUSINESS INTERESTS. Old Chamber of Commerce Building. — This struc- ture, at the time of its completion, was, with a single exception, the most pretentious in the city. It was built of cut Athens marble, and occupied the space represented by a frontage of 93 feet on Washington street, and facades of 180 feet on La Salle street and Calhoun place. It was surmounted by a mansard roof, the total height of the edifice above the ground floor being 99 feet. This building perished in the fire of October 9th. 1871. The present Chamber of Commerce building was completed in 1891. It is on the corner of La Salle and Washington streets, and is thirteen stories high. It cost upwards of $1,000,000. The building is noted for its great interior court, reaching from the main floor to the skylight. Nine passenger and freight elevators are kept constantly in use This building and the City Hall and County Court House form an imposing architectural sight. The Board of Trade Building.— The final abiding place of the Board of Trade is one of the few struc- tures in the United States, to which the adjective "palatial" may, without exaggeration, be applied. It is a solid-looking granite pile, occupying half the square bounded by Jackson, Sherman and Van Buren streets, and Pacific aveuue, its tower and entrance portal standing exactly in front of La Salle street, which ends at Jackson street. The view down this treet closed by the Board of Trade reminds one very forcibly of Wall street. New York, looking toward Old Trinity Church. The building is in two sections, the front one, facing Jackson street, being used for trading, etc.! and the rear one devoted to offices. The total ground occupied is 175 feet frontages, by 265 feet depth. Each facade is finely finished, with handsome entrances and relieving projections. Over the main entrance are two emblematic feminine figures, representing respectively "Manufacture" and "Agriculture." The interior is very handsome, especially the main trading hall, 175x155 feet and 80 feet high, with its glass ceiling, 70x80 feet, and its elaborate finish. In this hall there are two capacious galleries, one on the north and one on the south side. To the latter vis- itors are admitted at all times, while the other is re- served for members and their friends, though even an entire stranger accompanied by ladies, should find no difficulty in gaining admission. The cost of the building was about $1,700,000. The present membership of the Board is 2,000, each member paying an annual assessment of $65. The admission fee is $10,000. though this high rate is chiefly limitary in its effects, as memberships are transferable, and command only from $2,500 to $5,000. The Board Clearing House statement for 1S95 shows clearings of $78,133,437, but there are no means of guessing at the vast short-time speculative transac- tions that occur under its roof. Trading is per- mitted in not less than 1,000 bushels of grain or 250 barrels of pork. The Union Stock Yards.— Meat packing is the oldest of Chicago's industries. In the fall of 1832 G. W Dole slaughtered the first lot of cattle ever packed in the county. They numbered 200 head, and cost $2.75 per cwt. About 350 hogs, costing $3 per cwt. were slaughtered and packed at the same time. Fortv- eight years later, the city received within twelve months no fewer than 7.059,355 live hogs, 1,382 477 cattle, and 335,810 sheep; since which time', the pro- portion oi the hog products of the country handled by Chicago has kept on increasing, while a great in- crease has also taken place in its receipts of cattle and sheep. In 1895 the figures were 7,885,283 hog8 52 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 2,588,558 cattle, 113,193 horses, and 3,406,739 sheep, the total value being estimated at $200,584,380. The shipments for the same period were 2,100,013 live hogs, 5,7S4,670 dressed hogs, 785,092 cattle, 53,136 sheep, 910,339,175 lbs. of dressed beef, 74,646 barrels of pork, 387,437,699 lbs. of lard, 174,807,919 lbs. of hides, and 63,441.329 lbs. of wool. The Union Stock Yards at Halsted street, in the former Town of Lake, in which this enor- mous business cen- tres, cover no less than 400 acres of ground. In 3,300 pens, 1,800 covered and 1,500 open, pro- vision is made for handling at one time 25,000 head of cattle, 14,000 sheep, and 150,- 000 hogs. The yards contain twenty miles of streets, twenty miles of water troughs, fifty miles of feeding troughs, and seventy-five miles of water and drainage pipes. Five artesian wells, having an average depth of 1,230 feet, afford an abund- ant supply of water. There are also eighty- seven miles of rail- road tracks, all the great roads having access to this vast market. Its entire cost was $4,000,000. The meat - packing industry is carried on in immediate prox- imity to the Stock Yards. The extent of this enterprise may be imagined from the fact that a single business, that controlled by Messrs. Armour & Co., oc- cupies seventy acres of flooring, and employs 3.500 men. The Stock Yards and packing houses (ad- mission to the former free, the latter usually shown to vis- itors upon applica- tion) can be reached by rail from Van Buren street depot (trains infrequent), by State street cable- line or South Halsted street horse-cars. The Board of Trade.— The history of this institution is an epitome of the commercial room over a flour store on South Water street, en- gaged at a rental of $110 per annum. There were eighty-two members. On the 13th of April. 1850, the institution was for- mally organized under an act of legislature authoriz- ing it, and the membership fee was fixed at $5, while TACOMA BUILDING, LA SALLE AND MADISON STREETS. - S rowtn of Chicago. The preliminary meeting of business men, having in view the organizing of a Board of Trade, was held on March 13, 184S, and the first annual meeting of the resultant Board took place in April of the follow- ing vear The first quarters occupied by it were a the annual dues were raised from $2 to $3. By 1851, the membership had dropped to thirty-eight, with a deficit reported by the Treasurer. Years passed on, with many changes of location, but little progress. Interest— during several periods fos- tered by the seductive allurements of free lunches. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 53 comprising cheese, crackers and ale — waxed and anon waned. The free lunches filled the board-rooms, biu not the corporation coffers; in fact, we read that in 1855, "the refreshment business" being revived, "a doorkeeper was appointed to keep out the loungers who were attracted by the free lunches." This certainly is a comical beginning, viewed in the light of the present day; but, when we remember that in those times Chicago had no communication save by lake, canal and wagon road, with the outside world, and that grain passing through the ware- houses was measured by the half-bushel, an old-fash ioned free lunch no longer seems anomalous. After 1856, however, prophetic signs of the future began to show within the institution; membership in creased rapidly, its voice began to be heard and its influence to be felt in every important question of trade or finance affecting the interest of Chicago, By 1866 the membership had risen to 1,462, and on August 13th of the same year the completed Cham- ber of Commerce building was occupied. The Board of Trade and the Union Stock Yards are so intimately connected that it is impossible to con- sider them or the men who are connected with them separately; because the transactions at the stock yards THE BOARD OF TRADE BUILDING. form so large a proportion of the business oi the Board of Trade. For this reason it is proper that we here present to cur readers sketches of a few of the business houses and men who are among the guiding spirits of both. As in the case of the lawyers, we have not taken the richest, but those who are fairly repre- sentative of the conservative, yet aggressive Chicago business man. SCHWARTZ, DUPEE & CO. This is one of the foremost commission houses operating on the Board of Trade. While the firm, in its present form, cannot be said to be one of the oldest, it is one of the most substantial. It was formed about 1882, by Gustavus A. Schwartz, for many years con- nected with H. Botsford & Co.. and John Dupee. Jr., for a long time in the commission business for him- self. In 18S6, John W. Conley, for several years with John W. Rumsey & Co.. and Mr. I. J. Bloom were ad- mitted to partnership. The concern occupies spacious offices on the ground floor of the Board of Trade Building; and does a general commission business in stocks, grain and provisions. It also has an office at No. 7 New Street, New York. It owns and leases an extensive system of private wires connecting with New York and other important points which give facilities for business second to none in its line THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK The First National Bank is the oldest of the na- tional banks in Chicago. It has the largest capital, resources, deposits and earnings. It was organized in May, 1863, with a capital of $100,000. This has been increased until now it has a capital of $3,000,000, with a surplus of a like amount. It occupies a building of its own on the northwest corner of Dearborn and Mon- roe streets, which has always been a model of con- venience and beauty. The bank occupies the whole of the main floor, while the five upper floors are takeu up with offices. In the basement are the safety de- posit vaults. The present officers of the bank are Mr. Lyman J. Gage, president; James B. Forgan, vice president; Richard J. Street, cashier; Holmes Hoge. assistant cashier, and Frank E. Brown, second assist- ant cashier. The list of directors includes Samuel M Nickerson, F. D. Gray, R. C. Nickerson, E. F. Law- rence. Norman B. Ream. L. J. Gage. S. W. Allerton, Nelson Morris. Eugene S. Pike, A. A. Carpenter and James B. Forgan. LYMAN J. GAGE. Lyman J. Gage, president of the First National Bank of Chicago, was born June 28, 1836, at De Ruy- ter, Madison County. New York; and was educated at Rome Academy. Mr. Gage was first president of the Board of Directors of the World's Columbian Ex- position, and also was formerly president of the American Bankers' Association. Mr. Gage is now a member of the Commercial Club, the Chicago Club, LYMAN J. GAGE. the Union Club, the Bankers' Club, and the Chicago Literary Club. He has long taken an active interest in philosophical and sociological questions; is re- markably broad and liberal in his views, contact w-ith the commercial world having added strength and depth without narrowing a character capable of the deepest development. EDWARD F. LAWRENCE. Edward F. Lawrence was born at Groton. Mass.. October 29. ls:r>. He received bis early education in 54 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. the public schools of Belvidere, 111., where his pa- rents removed to in 1837. He finished his education at the Lawrence Academy, at his place of birth, in 1847. He returned, and in 1849 was placed in a country store to learn commercial business. From here he went to Boston, and was apprenticed to Whitney & Fenno, a leading dry goods and jobbing house, where EDWARD F. LAWRENCE, he remained for six years, a part of the time in the office and a part as a traveling salesman. In his trips he frequently came to Chicago, and in 1858 he settled here permanently. He has been, since 1859, a member of the Board of Trade. He was one of the directors of the World's Columbian Exposition; and, for more than twenty years, has been one of the directors of the First National Bank. In politics Mr. Lawrence is a Democrat, although not a partisan. He was married May 23, 1861, to Miss Mary Ballentine, of Waukegan. They have one son, Dwight. who thus early gives promise of a life of great usefulness. EDWARD LESTER BREWSTER. Mr. Edward L. Brockport. New Brewster was born June 22, 1842. at York, a direct descendant of the THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK BUILDING. EDWARD L. BREWSTER. Pilgrim Fathers. He was given a good education at the Brockport Collegiate Institute, after which he spent two years at Buffalo, as clerk in a commercial house, in the study of practical business details and in a commercial college. In 1860 he came to Chicago and entered the banking house of Edward I. Tinkham & Co. Since that time Mr. Brewster has been closely identified with the banking interests of the city. In January, 1868, he established the wholesale grocery house of Farrington & Brewster; but in 1872 he with- drew to form the banking firm of Wrenn & Brewster. A magnificent business was started which weathered the storm of 1873; and continued until 1876, when Mr. Brewster retired and created the firm of Edward L. Brewster & Co. For twenty years this has been one of the foremost financial institutions of the city. Mr. Brewster has been a member of the Board of Trade since 1873. and of the New York Stock Exchange since 1881. He is a member, and has been president of the Chicago Stock Exchange. He is a member of many or the social clubs. Among them are, the Chicago, the Calumet, the Union, and the Washington Park, of Chicago, and the Metropolitan and Union League clubs of New York. LAMSON BROS. & CO. The firm of Lamson Bros. & Co., composed of S. W. Lamson. L. J. Lamson and S. S. Date is one of the few firms on the Board that has retained its name, without change, for more than twenty years. Be- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 55 ginning in a small way, they have by industrious labor and a strict adherence to legitimate business principles placed themselves in the front rank of the well established, conservative and responsible Com- mission Houses. This firm has probably the largest private leased wire system in America, reaching eastward from Chi- cago to New York, down along the Atlantic and Gulf States, along the Mississippi River to New Orleans, through Texas and the central states — in fact they reach almost every business center of importance. Having an ample force of the best brokers on 'Change, and responsible New York and New Orleans connections, they are in a position to give close atten- tion to all grain, provision, stock and cotton business entrusted to their care. CHARLES COUNSELMAN. Charles Counselman, one of the foremost operators on the Board of Trade, was born in December, 1848, at Baltimore, Md. He was given a thorough educa- tion with a view to his entering upon the practice of the law. But a too close application to study impaired his health so that he was compelled to give up his chosen profession and seek a more active field of labor. CHARLES COUNSELMAN. He came to Chicago in 1869. For a year he occupied a subordinate position and then began business for himself as a grain and provision commission man on the Board of Trade. He met with an abundant success from the first; and to-day he is the owner of the Ter- minal Grain Elevators of the Rock Island system. Those elevators have a capacity of 7,000,000 bushels. In 1888 the firm of Counselman & Day was formed for the handling of stocks and bonds. Mr. Counsel- man has always avoided politics, never having sought or held public office. LLOYD JAMES SMITH, Lloyd James Smith, although a- native of Indiana, has spent nearly his whole life in Chicago, his parents moving to Chicago when he was a child. He was born at Wheeler, Porter county, Ind., Sept., 10, 1863, and has lived in Chicago since 1865. His first business venture was clerking for the Northwestern National Bank in 1880. He remained two years and then moved west and spent two years in Idaho and Oregon when he returned to Chicago and LLOYD J. SMITH. began as broker for the Central Elevator Co. and for Munger, Wheeler & Co. In 1889 he was made manager of the Santa Fe Elevator and Dock Co., and is now the secretary and treasurer of this company. In 1891 he was made general manager also; and still holds that position. Mr. Smith has been a director of the Board of Trade for the past five years; and has the distinction of being the youngest man ever elected as a director of the Board of Trade. He has served on all important committees of the Directory; and has always repre- sented the elevator interests in their controversies. He has been chairman of the Republican County Cen- tral Committee; two years as its vice-president. For five years he has been first vice-president of the Mar- quette Club; and is a member of the Chicago Athletic Club. Mr. Smith is a Republican and takes a great interest in politics and public affairs. Mr. Smith was united in marriage in 1890 to Miss Sadie Hall. They have one child, a daughter, about four and a half years old. They live in Evanston Avenue, at Lake View. SIDNEY ALBERT KENT. One of the most conspicuous and thoroughly repre- sentative men of Chicago is Mr. Sidney A. Kent. For more than forty years he has occupied a prominent position in the business world, won for himself by his perseverance, his sterling integrity and his good judgment. He was born at Suffield, Connecticut, July 16. 1834, the son of Albert and Lucinda (Gillette) Kent. His ancestors, on his father's side, came from England about 1630, and formed one of the oldest of the New England colonial families. His mother's family was only a little less renowned in the early history of New England. Young Sidney was trained up on the farm until he was nineteen, securing tbe lifst English education 5fi UNRIVALED CHICAGO. which could be afforded in the common schools and at the Suffield Academy. He then started out to make his fortune, coming direct to Illinois. He first located in Kane counly, where, for a time he taught school while awaiting an opportunity to engage in mercantile business. Early in 1854 he obtained a clerkship in the wholesale dry-goods house of Savage, Case & Co., of Chicago. The city then had a population of o'nlv about fifty thousand; but it had become plain that it was destined to take the lead as a commercial center. Two years later Mr. Kent went into business for him- self as a general commission merchant. He pushed his business with so much vigor and intelligence that he soon acquired a recognized position among the prominent commission houses of the city, from which he branched out into other and wider fields. He en- gaged exten- sively in the fur trade, mak- ing trips into the western country and buying in large quantities for the New York market. In this he was asso- ciated with his elder brother, Mr. A. E. Kent. In 1859, in com- pany with his brother he en- gaged in the beef and pork packing busi- ness under the style of A. E. Kent & Co. This proved to be a profitable ven- ture; and after thirteen years o f successful business the company was reorganized as a stock com- pany, as the Chicago Pack- ing and Pro- vision Com- pany, of which Mr. Sidney A. Kent was made president. This too has grown until it is to- day one of the largest in the packing busi- ness in Chi- cago, enjoying of the time he has been a director of the Board of Trade. In 1869, along with Mr. B. P. Hutchinson and others, he organized the Corn Exchange National Bank, becoming its first president, which position he held for several years. He was also, for many years, a director in the American Loan, Trust and Savings Bank; and the Kirby Carpenter Company, which has large interests in land, lumber and mills on the Men- omonee river in Michigan. Upon the organization of the Chicago Gas Trust, in 1887, Mr. Kent was made president. In 1S91, he assisted in the organization of the Natural Gas Company, of Chicago, with a capital of $2,500,000. With almost unbounded resources at his command, he has a genius for great undertakings which are invariably successful. They are compre- hensive in their scope, planned with sagacity and car- ried out with vigor and de- liberate judg- ment. His as- sociates have always recog- nized his pre- eminent abili- ties by defer- ring to his judgment. Nor has Mr. Kent confined himself merely to money get- ting. He has always been a munificent pa- tron of the Chicago Uni- versity. The Kent Chemical Labor atory, one of the most complete in this country in all its ap- point ments, was built from a liberal dona- tion of $250,000, made for that purpose by Mr. Kent. He has also made sev- eral other con- siderable do- nations to the same tion. Mr was Sept. to A. institu- Ken t married 25, 1864, Miss Stella Lincoln, of SIDNEY A. KENT. an extensive foreign as well as domestic trade. Mr. Kent remained its president until 1888, when, owing to his many other interests and duties he resigned and accepted the position of vice-president. Closely connected with the Chicago Packing and Provision Company were the Merchant's and Trad- er's Packing and Provision Company, of Nebraska City, Neb., and the East St. Louis Packing and Pro- vision Company, in both of which Mr. Kent was largely interested. During his more than forty years in Chicago business he has been a member of the Board of Trade: and he has taken a leading part in many of the great operations in the grain market which have been a marked feature of Chicago's busi- ness, especially during the last twenty years. Much Newark. New Jersey. They have two charming daughters as the result of this union. WILLIAM H. HARPER. William H. Harper was born May 4, 1845, in Tippe- canoe County, Indiana, the fifth of a family of eight, children. In 1851, the family removed to Iroquois County, Illinois, and two years later to El Paso, Wood- ford County. Its experience was that of all pioneers, one calculated to develop hardy qualities and self- reliant characters. Young William, along with his brothers, worked on the farm in the summer and at- tended school at the log school house in the winter. In 1864. when nineteen years of age, he enlisted in BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 57 Company B, 145th Illinois Infantry, and served until the end of the war. On his return from the war he entered Eastman's Business College, of Chicago, from which he grad- uated in 1865. He then began the live stock and grain shipping business at El Paso, where he re- mained three years and then removed to Chicago in 1868. Here he engaged in the grain commission busi- ness on the Board of Trade. In 1873. he was ap- pointed chief Grain Inspector at Chicago. In 1876, he organized the Chicago and Pacific Elevator Company, of which he was made treasurer and manager; which position he still holds. The company now owns ele- vators A and B. In 1890, Mr. Harper assisted in the organization of the Globe National Bank, of which he was made a director. He was elected to the lower house of the Illinois Legislature in 1882. He was the author of the high license bill which remains the law of the WILLIAM H. HARPER. state. Many other popular measures were championed by him, among them being the law by which fines were to be paid over to the treasuries of certain societies, such as the Humane society and the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. In 1895, he took part in the formation of the Chicago Southern States Association, to conduct an excursion to Atlanta, Ga., to attend the Cotton States Exposi- tion, and acted as director of the excursion. Mr. Harper is a prominent member of the Board of Trade, the Union League, Calumet, Washington Park and Hamilton clubs. He is a mason, a K. T. and mem- ber of Oriental Consistory, and a member of Plymouth Congregational Church. He was married July. 1867. to Miss Mary J. Perry, of Metamora. Woodford County, Illinois. She died September 30, 1884, leaving three children, one of whom. Roy. B.. is a member of the class of '97 in the United States Military Academy. West Point, New York. JOHN CUDAHY. John Cudahy was born at Callan. County Kilkenny, Ireland, November. 1843. His parents removed to America in 1849, soon afterward settling at Mil- waukee, Wisconsin. Here young John obtained what education the schools ever gave him. At fourteen, he entered the packing house of Ed. Roddis, where he remained until he was nineteen. He now entered the employ of John Plankinton, afterward Plankinton & Armour. At twenty-one he learned the nursery busi- ness, with Thomas Gynne, of Milwaukee, dealing in fruit and ornamental trees. Here he spent three seasons winning golden opinions from his employer, who was satisfied to sell to him the entire plant with JOHN CUDAHY. only a small payment down. Three years later he had paid the debt and saved a comfortable sum over. He then sold out and accepted employment under Layton & Co., packers, from which he was appointed three years later, as provision inspector for Mil- waukee. In 1875 he bought an interest in the packing house of John Plankinton, but soon removed to Chi-' cago, and, with E. D. Chapin, carried on business under the name of E. D. Chapin & Co., packers, for two years, after which the firm became Chapin & Cuhady for about five years longer, when Mr. Chapin withdrew and left Mr. Cudahy to form a new firm with his brother under the style of Cudahy Bros., packers. The firm now owns the largest packing house in Milwaukee; an extensive establishment at Louisville, Ky., and at Nashville, Tenn. Mr. Cudahy has always been noted for his strict business integrity and probity. He is married and has reared an inter- esting family. HARRIS ANSEL WHEELER. Harris A. Wheeler was born at Orrington. Maine, July 30. 1850. He was educated in the public schools until he was seventeen years of age, when he struck out for himself. He took a position as bookkeeper in a wholesale dry-goods store. In 1869 he went to Detroit, but returned to Maine in 1871. He was ap- pointed Second Lieutenant in the regular army March 4, 1872, resigning his commission in 1874, re- eatering mercantile life. In 1878 he was appointed financial manager of the Michigan Military Acad- emy, at Orchard Lake. In 1880 he came to Chicago 58 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. and became private secretary to N. K. Fairbank, a position he still holds; but his main interests are in manufacturing. He is at the head of several impor- tant enterprises. Mr. Wheeler was appointed upon the military staff GEN. H. A. WHEELER. of Governor Cullom in July, 1881, and reappointed by his successor, Governor Hamilton, and also Governor Fifer; was Colonel of the Second Infantry from July, 1884, to February, 1890; and is now Brigadier General commanding the First Brigade. I. N. G., his commission dating from June 24, 1893. CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO. There is no city in America which makes as great use of the telephone as Chicago. The telephone ex- change, operated by the Chicago Telephone Company, was established in 1880, and since has grown stead- ily, until now more than 400,000 people daily talk over its lines. This tremendous amount of traffic is nearly double that of any other exchange in the coun- try, and shows the utility of the telephone in the rapid business method and great distances to be cov- ered in Chicago. The exchange business is carried on in nine different offices located in different parts of the city. The main office, in which nearly one-half the lines are concentrated, is in the Telephone Build- ing at the corner of Franklin and Washington streets, and upwards of 5,000 lines are there operated. Telephones for the use of subscribers are furnished in all modern and well-known forms, the long dis- tance office equipment, the long distance desk tele- phone, the party line residence telephone, or the pri- vate branch exchange used by railroads, manufac- turers and others. The telephone which is furnished to the subscriber forms the smallest part of what is necessary to make up the telephone service given by the company. This is shown by the great mileage of trunk lines made necessary by the traffic from one exchange to another and the amount of apparatus and force of operators needed to handle this trunk line business. The main part of the plant of the Chicago com- pany is contained in underground cables, in perma- nently placed subways and located underneath the principal highways and streets. Constant additions are being made to it, and the character of the service of the company is maintained at the highest standard. Upwards of 13,000 telephones are now operated by the company within the city, while in the neighbor- ing exchanges operated by the company at Evanston, Elgin, Waukegan, Aurora, Joliet and other important points within a radius of fifty miles, about 3,000 addi- tional telephones are installed. The long distance telephone lines of the American Telephone & Telegraph Company were extended to Chicago from New York in 1892, and are now operated in direct connection with the Chicago telephone ex- change. The merchant in Chicago, therefore, from his own office, can converse, not only with the tele- phone subscribers in Chicago and vicinity, but with more than 50,000 other telephone subscribers in ex- changes reached by long distance lines. HERBERT E. BUCKLIN. Herbert E. Bucklin, founder of the house of H. E. Bucklin & Co., was born at West Winfield, Herkimer County, New York, July 19, 1848. He was educated mainly in the common schools at his boyhood home and at the New York State Academy, which he en- tered in 1866. The following year he took a thorough course at Bryant and Stratton's Commercial College in Chicago. From here he entered his father's drug store at Elkhart, Indiana, as a clerk. Here he made a special study of drugs, and, in 1869, began the manu- facture of patent medicines, in connection with the drug business. In 1876 he sold his interests in Elk- hart, and, two years later established himself in Chicago. There are few who remember Chicago of H. E. BUCKLIN'S BUILDING. that day who will not recall the sensation produced when a brave spirit had the hardihood to rush into the maelstrom of financial panic and business dis- order to set up a new business. He did just this — He founded a business which has grown to vast pro- portions; he conquered all the obstacles which lay in his way; his genius is stamped upon the city, and his name has become a household word in the homes BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 59 of two continents and whose goods may be found in almost all of their drug stores. .Mr. Bucklin is the proprietor of four valuable pat- ent medicines, which have brought him fame and fortune. One is Dr. King's New Discovery tor Con- sumption. Coughs and Colds: Bucklin's Arnica Salve, Electric Bitters and Dr. King's New Life Pills. He also publishes the Druggist, devoted to health, busi- ness and science, and to advertise his medicines. He expends a hundred thousand dollars annually among the leading newspapers throughout the United States and territories to advertise the merits of these medi- cines. He has been compelled to make constant en- largements and additions to his already magnificent business building, valuable li- brary of rare and expensive works. In 1877 Mr. Bucklin's mar- riage with Miss Bertha E., daughter of Hon. George Redfield. of Cass County. Mich., was cele- brated. Three children have been born to them: Harley R., in 1879: Char- lotte, in 1883. and Herbert E.. in 1887. Al- though Mr. Bucklin is a strict business man. he never forgets to be courteous and considerate t o all who are brought in con- tact with him. He never dreams that the fact that he has. by his own genius, established an industry' here; and led it to a high and honor- able place in the affairs of the city, furnishes an excuse for winning him away from the manners and methods which have given him his great suc- cess, as has been In it he has gathered a most H. E. BUCKLIN the case with so many others On the contrary, he has broadened in the spirit of social and commer- cial life; opened to his view the duties which are re- quired of the successful, and made a man young in years old in real usefulness. THE CHICAGO EDISON COMPANY. The Chicago Edison Company was organized and received its franchise from the City of Chicago in the spring of 1887. The first plant was located at No. 139 Adams Street, and an underground system of feeders running from this station was laid in the streets of the district bounded by Randolph, Van Buren, Franklin and State streets. This plant was originally provided with capac- ity of 800 horse power, which was thought sufficient for the demands at that time. Provision was made, how- ever, for increase; and new machinery was installed at short intervals until, in 1894, the capacity was upwards of 5,000 horse power. Previous to this those in charge, in view of the increasing demands for electric light and power, and to be ready for the load which indications showed might be ex- pected, had planned a much larger plant. A site was selected on the river bank, near Harrison street, and in 1892 the work of construction was begun. The plan carried out, and which proved wise, was. to conduct electricity from this point by a heavy line through a pri- vate tunnel be- neath the river, and thence to the Adams Street Station, from which it could be distri- buted over the existing system of feeders and mains. Allow- ance was made for the utmost increase in out- put which might be hoped for in a long time. Im- proved machin- ery of every kind was ob- tained and at- tention given to every detail, so that this hand- some plant, as completed, stands a monu- ment to engi- neering and archite c t u r a 1 skill. It is one of the finest electric light and power sta- t i o n s in the world. Its pres- ent capacity is sufficient to de- velop near 1,000 horse power, and machinery for as much more can be in- stalled in the same building. In the mean- time work was in progress i n other directions. A smaller district had been planned and a station for supplying light to the south side residence section had been built on Wa- bash Avenue, south of Twenty-sixth Street, feeding an underground system which covered the portion of the city between Twelfth Street. Lake Michigan. Thirty-fifth Street and Wabash Avenue. This plant, which, while small in Chicago, in an or- dinary city would be considered large, was carrying a heavy load; but a project was on foot which was to increase the range of the company. An arrangement was made by which a plant, located at the river and Washington Street, formerly operated by the Chicago Arc Light and Power Company, came under the con- 60 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. trol of the company, and the customers supplied by it became customers of the Chicago Edison Co. This meant great additions to its already broad field, both in volume of business, in systems of distribution and in styles of machinery used; for up to this time only Edison apparatus of the kind known as low tension had been used. By this move systems of high tension arc lighting, alternating incandescent lighting and 500 volt power were acquired. This gave the company many customers on the west side, where it had hitherto made no advances, to say nothing of portions of the north side near the river, and some territory on the diagonal streets running to the northwest. The greater portion of the north side still remained The attention of the company has been directed to the extension of its underground systems, strengthen- ing of its feeder capacity and the gradual interweav- ing of the lines of conductors between the districts originally separated, so that a few years will see one complete interlocked system extending from Thirty- ninth street on the south, to Lincoln Park on the north, and from the lake far into the residence dis- trict of the west side. The Chicago Edison Company not only supplies cur- rent for light in its two branches of arc and incandes- cent, but for power of all kinds, heating devices and experimental purposes. It has already obtained and is gradually extending a foothold in the demands of the Chicago people which can never be displaced. DYNAMO ROOM. HARRISON STREET STATION. uncovered, but in 1893 a north side plant was de- termined upon. The Newberry Library, which would surely become a very large consumer of electric light, offered a rare opportunity for obtaining a nucleus around which a good business could be built up. By an arrangement with the trustees ground was secured and a compact station built, adjoining the library on the north so closely that few realized that it was not a portion of the building. From this station the ter- ritory from the river to Lincoln Park, and from Wells street to the lake is supplied, and many of the resi- dences in this section of the city are illuminated with incandescent light. This plant is a model of its kind, being provided with machinery, equally modern with that at the Harrison street station. It is the youngest and most pampered child of the great corporation. Since its erection there has been no necessity for further plants. THE AMERICAN BISCUIT CO. The American Biscuit & Manufacturing Co. t<~ twenty-eight plants in operation in various western cities, three of which are located in Chicago. The Chicago bakeries are as follows: Bremner Bakery, 76 O'Brien street. Dake Bakery, Adams and Clinton streets. Aldrich Bakery, Green and Randolph streets. It is the largest manufacturer of fine biscuits, crackers, cakes, and candies in the world. Its older branches have fed three generations of consumers, and its different brands are recognized as standards of purity and excellence. Thrifty housewives are substituting the "A. B. C." cakes for "home cooking," thereby saving time, money, and worry. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Gl THE WESTERN BANK NOTE AND ENGRAVING CO. This company has had a history for more than thirty years. It is said to be the only regular and fully equipped bank note company west of New York, and the only one outside of that city whose work is accepted for listing on the New York Stock Exchange. In addition to the steel plate work turned out, the company has a large lithographic plant for the exe- cution of all kinds of bank and commercial work. Among the many handsome specimens shown are bonds and stock certificates of railway companies, bank notes of the Bank of Hamilton, Ontario, diplo- mas for the Board of Lady Managers of the Columbian Exposition, honorary certifi- cates for the Field Colum- bian Museum, and a mag- nificent collection of bank- ers' steel plate drafts. The work turned out embraces every variety of bonds, stock certificates, currency for foreign countries, bank- ers' drafts, portraits, and all the various commercial forms, which are executed in the finest manner from steel engraved plates. The officers of the company are: C. C. Cheney, president; C. A. Chapman, vice president and treasurer, and Charles Heineman, secretary. The building which is the home of the company is herewith shown. PHILIP HENRICI, RES- TAURATEUR. Philip Henrici is one of the characters of Chicago. No person has seen Chicago unless he has visited Hen- rici's. For more than twen- ty-six years he has been ca- tering to the tastes of those who know a good thing when they see it. For twenty years he occupied the old stand at 175 and 177 Madison street, until it be- came one of the landmarks of the city. About two years ago he removed to his pres- ent location, 108 and 110 Randolph street, which was fitted up expressly for him, under his own supervision. This is, without exception, pT things considered, the finest restaurant in Chicago, more costly and expensive, the benefit of those who enjoy a good smoke during or after their meals. Make a note of "Henrici's, 108 and 110 Randolph street," and be sure to see it when you come, to the city. It is strictly a temperance house. No intoxicants are served. CHARLES HENRY BUNKER. Charles Henry Bunker was born at East Troy, Walworth County, Wisconsin, September 22, 1850. His grandfather, Gorham Bunker, was one of the early pioneers of that State, and Charles Henry's WESTERN HANK NOTE C( Not that others are not but in tasteful arrange- ment and artistic decoration it easily leads anything else in the city. The location is an ideal one. All the cable cars from the North Side pass the doors. It is within one square of the City Hall and County Court House, and directly opposite the Schiller The- ater. The restaurant proper is 40x165 feet, and has a seating capacity for 500 persons. Nearly 2,000 per- sons are served there, on the average, daily. A new feature, the smoking-room, has lately been added for IMPARTS BUILDING, CORNER MADISON STREET AND MICHIGAN AVENUE. father, George Bunker, was born in the Badger State. The subject of our sketch was born on a farm, where his childhood was spent until he was about six years old. About that time his father moved to White- water, Wisconsin, and engaged in the lumber busi- ness; but in 1862 located at Madison, the State capi- tal, where for twenty-five years he continued in the same business, during which he acquired a comfort- able competency. In that beautiful "City of the Lakes" young Bunker took a high school course and then entered the Wisconsin State University. Dur- 62 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. ing his junior year he left the University, however, to engage in the lumber- business, and later was one of the firm of Bunker & Shepherd, who conducted a general merchandise store at Oregon, Wisconsin. In 1874 Mr. Bunker assisted in building a railroad from Ottawa to Burlington, Kansas. He conducted the enterprise successfully, opening up coal mines and completing the road. In 1877 he returned to Chi- cago and formed a partnership with Mr. A. A. Ab- bott in the business of handling farm machinery, wagons and carriages at wholesale. Later the firm became the well-known Abbott Buggy Co., of Chi- cago, of which Mr. Bunker was secretary and treas- urer for about a dozen years. After building one of the largest carriage factories in the world, which em- ployed between five and six hundred men, and after having manufactured over 100.000 wheeled vehicles for service in all parts of the world, the business was sold to a syndicate, whereupon Mr. Bunker retired CHAS. H. BUNKER. from its active management and became the secretary and manager of the Metropolitan Accident Associa- tion of Chicago, which position he has since held, and in the management of which his usual success has attended him. Mr. Bunker was married in 1873 at Oregon, Wis- consin, to Miss Helen Abbott. They have three promising children: A daughter, Genevieve, born in Wisconsin, two sons, the eldest, Gerald, born in Kansas, and the youngest, Arthur Stuart, born in Illinois. Mr. Bunker is widely known among business men. He is universally regarded as a man of ster- ling integrity and of the highest character. He has been an active factor in the business life of Chicago, and is known for that ability and tenacity of pur- pose which so potentially contributes to success; especially in the Middle and Western States his busi- ness connections have made him favorably known in almost every town and city, his enterprises being material benefit to them. Physically Mr. Bun- ker is a man of fine physique, standing six feet and two inches in height, and weighs two hundred pounds. He is socially one of the most genial and companion- able of men, and the circle of his friends is large and ever increasing. In politics he is an Independent, with Democratic leanings, and in religion a man of liberal humanitarian views, taking a broad and char- itable view of life, and is a practical helper of his fellowmen, noted for his kindness of heart and unos- tentatious benevolence. A. BOOTH PACKING CO. Mr. Alfred Booth, of Chicago, was born in Glas- tonbury, England. He came to America forty-seven years ago when at the age of twenty-three. In the winter of 1850, he started buying the lake fish from the fishermen here and shipping them throughout the smaller towns in Illinois. From this small begin- ning has grown the enormous business of the A. Booth Packing Company, a corporation having a paid-up capital of one million dollars and a surplus of as much more. The company has branch houses in all the principal cities of the country, where its canned goods are known and sold in almost every civilized coun- try on the face of the earth. The company owns ex- tensive fisheries on the lakes, oyster beds on the eastern coasts, salmon canneries on the Columbia River, fruit canneries in California, also fruit, vege- table and oyster packing houses in Baltimore and elsewhere; its own boats and steamers on the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, the chain of Great Lakes, Gulf of Mexico, and up on Lake Winnipeg, also re- frigerating cars and other important adjuncts to the proper and successful working of a business involv- ing immense detail. Few names are more deservedly well known throughout the United States than Mr. Booth's. His enterprise in making the succulent oyster available everywhere that railways reach has made his name familiar as a household word. When the first trans-continental railway was com- pleted. Mr. Booth dispatched, by the first train, sev- eral cars laden with oysters through to California and the West; and, in like manner, he has always A. BOOTH PACKING CO.'S BUILDING. been in the van of enterprise and progress. Where- ever business is to be done, even prospectively, in the numerous rapidly increasing centers of population, there the firm is ready to establish a depot to supply the local demand, these ventures, as a rule, proving profitable to themselves as well as highly beneficial to the inhabitants. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 63 THE CHICAGO VARNISH COMPANY. This company was established in 1865; and, as will be seen, has been an active factor in the business of the city for more than thirty years. In 1889 it built the most complete varnish works in this country, the plant covering four acres of ground, with offices in New York, Boston and Philadelphia, as well as in Chicago. While the business of the concern is purely the manufacture and sale of its staples, those staples are so intimately connected with the decorative arts that it is quite natural to find it promoting art in some practical manner; but the way it has chosen to do that is certainly unique. When it came to erect an office building in Chicago, for its own use, it selected a style of architecture as r quaint, and withal as pleasing as it is rare. It is said to be the only busi- ness block in this country of the pure, classic Dutch type. It is a building which would be singled out for its beauty anywhere, even among struc- tures costing ten times as much. It is so refreshing to look upon; such a startling departure from the hack- neyed and common- place so prevalent in all our great cities, that we here- with give an illus- tration of it. It is 45x90 feec, built of dark red brick trimmed with Bed- ford sandstone, with a red tile roof. A clock in the two corners over the main entrance con- siderably heightens the effect and sets off the general de- sign. GEORGE SCHNEIDER. George Schneider was born in Pirmaseus, Rhenish Bavaria, December 13, 1823. He received his early education in the schools of his native place. At twenty-one, Mr. Schneider engaged in journalism, and became an ac- tive revolutionist against Bavarian rule. At twenty- five, in the revolution of 1848, he was a Commissioner of the Provincial Republican Government of the Palatinate, and was under the death penalty pro- nounced at that time, whi ~.i the Bavarian Legisla- ture removed in 1866. Mr. Schneider came to Amer- ica in 1849, an." published a German daily at St. Louis, entitled "Die Neue Zeit." In 1851 he removed to Chi- cago, and established the Illinois "Staats Zeitung." He was one of the organizers of the Republican party. He was a member of the National Republican con- vention of 1856, which nominated Fremont for presi- dent, and of the convention of 1860, at Chicago, which nominated Abraham Lincoln. He was an elector at CHICAGO VARNISH COMPANY'S AVENUE AND large from Illinois at the election of James A. Gar- field. In 1S76 he was appointed minister to Switzer- land by President Hayes. At the outbreak of the war, Mr. Schneider was appointed consul to Den- mark. In the fall of 1864, in fulfillment of his mis- sion, he went to Hamburg, Bremen and Copenhagen, and assisted in changing public sentiment in favor of the Union. Mr. Schneider was an active member of the "Union Defense Committee," of 1861, in whose charge the city subscription fund for the equipment of volunteers, and the support of their families, was placed. After his return from Denmark he was ap- pointed collector of internal revenue, by President Lincoln, the first in Illinois. When his term expired he was elected president of the State Savings Insti- tution, and re- , tained his interest therein until 1871, when he organized and was made president of the National Bank of Illinois. He has for several years been the president of the Bankers' Club of Chicago. Mr. Schneider was a director of the lo- cal board of the World's Columbian Exposition, and a member of the committee on ways and means and the committee on press and printing, both being important committees. ROBERT LAW. Mr. Robert Law was born in York- shire, England, February 15, 1822. He remained at home on the farm until he was twen- ty-one; but he started for America the day he attained to his majority. He bought a farm in Cecil County, Mary- land, where he lived for five years. He was then obliged to return to England to dispose of property which came to him by the death of his father. On his return the following year he came west and located in St. Louis, engaging in steam boating between that city and Cincinnati. After two years he sold out and en- gaged in the business of railroad construction, from St. Louis on the Merrimack. He then took a con- tract on the Illinois Central, from Freeport to Du- buque, 70 miles, and was also interested in 44 miles on the same road from Ramsey's Creek to Cen- tralia. When he had finished these contracts, he, with others, sunk a coal shaft at La Salle and formed the Illinois Coal and Iron Company. After oper- ating this successfully for five years, he again sold out, in order to devote himself to the sale of anthra- cite coal, which he had already begun. It was from his mines at La Salle that the first fuel coal was sent to Chicago in quantities. And, moreover, it was BUILDING, CORNER DEARBORN KINZIE STREET. 64 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. when the anthracite coal business of Chicago was in its infancy that Mr. Law went into it. The annual consumption of Chicago and the west only amounted to 15,000 tons. This was in 1856. Since that time the business has grown to enormous proportions. Mr. Law has been closely identified with it during all the time since — for forty years. During all that time he has been an important factor in the growth and busi- ness prosperity of the city. MARTIN B. MADDEN. The universally accepted test of merit is the suc- cess that crowns the effort of the individual; and measured by this standard the highest distinction should be con- f e r r e d upon Martin B. Mad- den, alderman from the Fourth Ward. He is Chairman of the Finance Com- mittee of the City Council, ac- knoV ledge d leader of his party in the lat- ter body and in Cook County. and president of the Western Stone Company, the largest cor- poration of its kind in Amer- ica. The extraor- dinary career of Mr. Madden is one of those re- markable i n- stances some- times heard of in romance, but rarely met with in real life. He was born of poor and hum- ble par e n t s, John and Eliza Madden, in Dar- lington, Eng- land, March 20. 1855, and was brought by them to Amer- ica in 1859. The family settled in Chicago, and from his sixth to his tenth year Mr. Madden at- M. B. tended school. never missing a single day. He then began work in the stone quarries at Lemont, 111., of which he is now the distinguished head, and continued in the employ of the owner, Mr. Edwin Walker, for eleven years, rising from water carrier to general man- ager and chief draughtsman. Severing his connection at this time with Mr. Walker, he became superintendent of the Enterprise Stone Company, and when, eight years later, this or- ganization consolidated with several other companies as the Chicago Building Stone Co., he accepted the position of financial manager of the corporation. In 1886 the Joliet and Crescent companies combined un- der the name of the Joliet Stone Company, with Mr. Madden as vice president and general manager. Six years later this company consolidated with the West- ern Stone Company, and Mr. Madden was made its vice president, and January 16, 1895, at the annual meeting of the stockholders he was elected president. In addition to his stone interests Mr. Madden is treasurer of the Cable Building & Loan Association, a stockholder and director in the Garden City Bank- ing & Trust Company, stockholder in the Commercial Loan & Trust Company, and is associated with nu- merous other well known and successful enterprises. He is a member of the Sheridan, Concordia and Twelve Forty-five clubs, the Ancient Order of United Workmen, the Royal Arcanum, the Independent Or- der of Forest- ers, the Nation- al Union, and to other social orders; and in all of them he is popular and influential. May 16, 1878. Mr. Madden was married to Miss Josephine Smart, of Down- er's Grove, 111., and one child, Mabel Bell, ten years old, has been born of this marriage. Mr. Madden is a man distinct- ly of the peo- ple and with them. He has in no sense been lifted up of his success, but is as approachable and sympathet- ic as in the olden days when he labor- ed in the quar- ries. Closely in touch with the people he un- derstands their needs and has the intelligence to devise that which will best meet their wants. His man- agement of the extensive a f- fairs of the city as Chairman of MADDEN. the Finance Committee, has been characterized by the same economic measures he has evinced in the direction of the business of his company and of his own private affairs. He is hon- est, straightforward, active, energetic, a tireless worker and a true friend, quick in conception and in action, possessed of exceptional organizing tact and executive force. Having the advantage of youth, with great experience and sound judgment, he is a leader who directs to greater results, and his future is one of infinite promise. Yet a young man, scarcely forty, honored and trusted by all who know him, he may properly expect his fellow-citizens to call him to much higher stations than any he has filled here- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 65 tofore. Whatever his future, the record he has al- ready made confirms the confidence of his friends that he will worthily discharge any trust, however great, that may be given into his keeping. ADOLPH KARPEN. We herewith present a portrait of one of the repre- sentative business men of Chicago. Mr. Adolph Kar- pen, born in Germany in 1860, came to this country when only twelve years of age; and. in 1880. united with his two brothers. Oscar and Soloman. to form the firm of S. Karpen & Bros., in the manufacture of upholstered goods. The firm now employs from 400 to 450 people and turns out more upholstered goods than any similar concern in America. It re- ADOLPH KARPEN. ceived tin- highest awards at the World's Fair and universal praise from the trade for the excellency of its product. Mr. Karpen is a member of the Chicago Athletic Association: president of the Chicago Furniture Manufacturers' Association; belongs to the Masonic fraternity and is respected by all who are brought in contact with him. He has a large and growing circle of enthusiastic friends. JACOB FORSYTH Jacob Forsyth came to Chicago from Ireland in 1857, to engage in the railroad business, having been born in that country in 1821. With unbounded faith in tlii> future of Chicago. Mr. Forsyth, in 1866. pur- chased 10.000 acres of land in Lake County. Indiana. many miles south of the city. In 1881 he sold 8,000 acres of this tract to the East Chicago Improvement Company, the land at that time having become ex- tremely valuable. The present Canal & Improve- ment Company came into possession in 1887. In 1881. Mr. Forsyth bought another large tract near his former purchase. The immense refining works of the Standard Oil Company, at Whiting, stand on a por- tion ol this land, Mr. Forsyth's sound judgment in real estate matters has practically vindicated itself in an extremely profitable manner. Mr. Forsyth married Miss Caroline M. Clarke, of Fayette County, Penn- sylvania, a sister of General H. F. Clarke, of the United States Army, and is the happy father of nine children, five of whom are boys and four girls. DANIEL B. ROBINSON. Daniel B. Robinson was born at St. Albans, Ver- mont, in 1847, and entered the railway service at eleven years of age, rising through almost every grade from a freight clerk on the Central Vermont Rail- road up to president of the St. Louis & San Francisco Railroad Company, a position which he now holds. Here is a typical instance where steady application and faithful service has brought a steady and per- manent promotion just in proportion to the length of service. The railroads of the country are always on the lookout for those who. by faithful and efficient service, make themselves worthy of promotion; and such need not to lack for employment. FRANK T. FOWLER. Mr. Frank T. Fowler, although one of Chicago's young men, has attained a reputation and fame which many an older one may well envy. He was born at Beverly. Ohio, in 1866. He early displayed a FRANK T FOYVT.F.R. love of mechanics and an aptitude for invention. He came to Chicago at twenty years of age and accepted the first situation that offered, although it paid only $4.50 per week. He afterward obtained a situation with The Crane Elevator Company, where he re- mained for three years, eventually abandoning it to engage in the manufacture of bicycles. Here his natural genius for invention was turned to good ac- count. His truss frame has become famous through- out the world. The Fowler wheel is a marvel of strength and beauty. Its success has been second to none in the market. The sextuplet wheel, built by the Fowler Manufacturing Company, is a complete 66 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. demonstration of the superiority of the Fowler truss frame over all others. CHAS. KAESTNER & CO. This is one of the oldest and most responsible ma chinery houses in the city. The firm was established in 1S63; has grown with the growth of the city, and ships its product to all parts of the world. It manu- factures machinery for breweries, malt houses, distil- leries, starch works, glucose works, sugar refineries CHAS. KAt CO.'S BUILDING. and other manufacturing interests. We present here- with an illustration of its magnificent building, built with special reference to the needs of the firm. It is situated on Jefferson street, south of Van Buren and runs through to Law avenue, covering an area of 45,- 000 square feet. It is equipped throughout with elec- tric power and light and is. beyond question, one of the most complete plants in the country. Messrs. Kaestner & Co. make a specialty of complete plants, including buildings guaranteeing capacities and costs. Parties requiring the services of experts in their line will do well to correspond with them. GEORGE M. HARVEY. George M. Harvey, of the firm of George M. Harvey & Co., was born at Niagara-on-the-Lake, Canada, of English and Scotch parents: and was educated at Phillip's Academy. He entered the insurance office of Rounds & Hall, Buffalo, at fourteen. He came to Chicago in 1870 and engaged with S. M. Moore & Co.. founding his present firm about 1882. It represents the following companies: Mutual Fire Insurance Company of New York, Globe Fire Insurance Com- pany of New York, L. & L. & G. Insurance Company of England, Palatine Insurance Company of Manches- ter, England, Mercantile Fire and Marine Insurance Company of Massachusetts. Mr. Harvey is manager for the Western Department of the Mutual Fire In- surance Company of New York. PETER E. STUDEBAKER. Peter E. Studebaker, second vice president, treasurer and general manager of the great Studebaker Bros. Manufacturing Company, was born in Ashland Coun- ty, Ohio, from whence his parents removed, in his in- fancy, to South Bend, Indiana. Peter's early advan- tages were limited. While his brothers were attend- ing school or learning a trade, Peter was his mother's errand boy. Then he set out from home to make his own way. He spent a year as clerk in a small store PETER E. STUDEBAKER. for $25. and in the time managed to save a dollar. From this he started out as a peddler. While his father and brothers were laying the foundation of the great manufacturing enterprise at South Bend, Peter was developing other qualities which were to prove just as important. He was learning practical business, which became an element of vast power in the final success of the South Bend institution. It was finally through the executive ability manifested by Peter thai the Studebaker works became world famous. Peter E. Studebaker is now a recognized leader among the large body of American manufacturers. Since he has been a resident of Chicago he has tak a great interest in local charities. He has been staunch friend of the Waif's Mission and has contrib 1 * uted to many other eleemosynary institutions; so that he has come to be known as one of the largest hearted and most generous men of Chicago, one whose heart is always open to the cry of the needy. THE STUDEBAKER BUILDING. MICHIGAN AVENUE It stands upon an area of 107x171 feet. The first two stories (the building being eight stories high) is of Syenite granite, from the quarries in Missouri. From the third story up it is composed of Bedford BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 67 stone, and is in modern architecture as fine a facade as can well be designed. The structure presents a massive appearance. There are two polished columns THE STUDEBAKER BUILDING, MICHIGAN AVENUE BE- TWEEN VAN BUREN AND CONGRESS STREETS. at the large entrance resting on pedestals measuring each nearly four feet in diameter, and twenty-two feet high. The ground floor has, so to speak, a glass front. The interior, so far as pertains to finish and decora tion, is in excellent harmony with the building; there keepers, telephone chamber and private consultation rooms, the shipping and entry clerks' offices, the main part of this floor being employed as the repository of their several styles of carriages, coaches, victorias, landaus, carts and vehicles. SOUTH BEND, 1ND. The firm of Studebaker Bros.' Manufacturing Co. began business in a small shop in 1852. A few tools and $68 in cash constituted its capital. During the first year the output amounted to two wagons. The annual product now is about fifty thousand vehicles. The growth was at first slow. Twelve years found them making a few wagons, but struggling for recog- nition abroad. In 1857. a contract for wagons for the use of the United States troops in Utah gave them their first strong impetus. The company was incor- porated in 1868; and the force of workmen increased year by year, by natural accretions, until those em- ployed at home and at the various branches reached a total of 1,860 men. While the construction of vehicles by the Stude- bakers was at first confined to wagons, they very early engaged also in carriage making, especially of the me- dium and high grades. The works are employed in the production of all the leading kinds of vehicles, em- bracing every variety in common use, for pleasure or road driving, from the state landau of a president, down. In wagons, every variety in demand, for the farm, the mountain, the mine, the plain, and for busi- ness use in cities, are here turned out. A very im- portant branch is also the manufacture of street sprinklers, for which the Studebaker Company has become known the country over. • THE NEW STUDEBAKER BUILDING. WABASH AVENUE. CHICAGO. The building fronts 120 feet on Wabash avenue, and has a depth to the alley of 170 feet, and is ten stories and basement in height. To properly support a struc- THE STl'DEBAKEI! WORKS. SOUTH HEND. is nothing cheap about it; the walls and ceilings are all hand plastered and ornamented in latest designs. The floors are all of hard wood, polished and finished in the best manner. On the north side of the build- ing is an arch passageway, which allows a side en- trance to the office and first floor. On this floor are also the offices of the company, the cashier, book- ture of its weight, great care was bestowed upon its foundation. Heavy piles 45 feet long were driven down to hard-pan to a depth of 61 feet below the street level, and cut off 16 feet below grade and capped with timber grillage below city datum and lowest sewer point. Upon the grillage the heavy stone foundation wall and piers were started. 68 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. The front is a very graceful and ornamental design, in French Gothic, and built entirely of white terra cotta and plate glass. The important consideration of light has been the governing influence in the design. The structure is of steel beams and steel Z bar col- jj„ r '■_:•„■ •.. .'.,■' ,•, A THE NEW STUDEBAKER BUILDING, WABASH AVE.. CHICAGO. umns, all embedded in brick, concrete and fireproof tile. The floor systems are of advanced type, heavy oteel wires are strung from end to end of building on the suspension-bridge principle, and Portland cement concrete is laid between the steel beams, thoroughly encasing them, and supported by the steel wires. RESIDENCE OP MR. CLEM STUDEBAKER AT SOUTH BEND. This house, in its proportions and appointments, probably surpasses anything in Indiana. The material is native cobble stone, irregular in form and varied in color. It stands upon a natural elevation, surrounded by smoothly shaved lawns, which slope to the north and east, and are broken here and there by beds of brilliant flowers. There are several fine old oaks to the south and east. With its massive walls, its tur- rets, and the irregular roof, it looks like some feudal castle which has been set down in the midst of a busy nineteenth century town: and yet it produces no effect of incongruity. CHARLES H. WACKER. Charles H. Wacker was born in Chicago in 1856. He received his education in the public and high schools of this city, attending the Lake Forest Acad- emy, and, for several terms, a business college. He studied music at the conservatory at Stuttgart; and attended lectures at the University of Geneva, in CHAS. H. WACKER. Switzerland. He began business life as an office boy with Moeller & Co., of Chicago, in the grain com- mission business. In 1880, he was taken into partner- ship bv his father in the malting business, under the style of F. Wacker & Son. In 1882, the Wacker & Birk Brewing and Malting Company was organized, of which Charles H. Wacker became secretary and treas- urer. In 1884, he was elected president and treasurer, which he has held ever since. He was nominated in 1888 on the Democratic ticket for State treasurer. He has been tendered many posi- tions of trust and honor, but has always declined to enter politics, on account of the pressure of private business. He is a director in the Corn Exchange Bank, the Chicago Title and Trust Company, the Western Stone Company, Germania Safe Deposit Company, and president of the Chicago Heights Land Association. He is a member of the Athletic Association, the Art Institute, the Turn Gemeinde, and several German singing societies, besides being a member of the Iro- quois, Waubansee, Union League, Germania, Union. Bankers', Fellowship, and German Press Clubs. Mr. Wacker married Miss Otillie M. Glade, on May 10. 18S7, and has two sons — Frederick G. and Charles H. He is a gentleman of deserved popularity with all classes and a prominent figure in the best develop- ment of his native city. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 69 ADOLPH SCHOENINGER. Adolph Schoeninger, President of the Home Rattan Company and formerly President of the Western Wheel Works, may be taken as a fair type of the selt- made man of Chicago. He was born at Wiel, one of the old free cities of Schwaben, on January 20. 1833. He received a liberal education in his native country, passing through the high schools, from whence he entered a large dry-goods house conducted by his uncle, David Gall, of Rastadt, Baden. Here he was entered as an apprentice, but proving his worth by his work, he rapidly rose to the position of head sales- man. Here he was enabled to obtain an insight into business correspondence, bookkeeping, and oth- e r branches o f mercantile life. Of all this he availed himself eagerly ; and when, after seven years of service, he resigned his position, he con- sidered himself thoroughly pro- ficient in all branches of mer- cantile affairs. During Mr. S c h o e n inger's residence in Ba- den, Brent ano was named Dic- tator, and our young merchant witnessed the court-martial and execution by the Prussians, after they had taken possession, of a number of meu innocent of any crime save their failure to free their people of the oppressors. This produced such an impres- sion upon his mind that be de- termined to emi- grate to America. In 1854, in com- pany with a younger brother, Mr. Schoeninger set out. He came to Philadelphia. where he found ADOLPH SC employment i n various business houses until 1857, when he started in business for himself. In this he was prosperous. which gave him entre into many of the German socie- ties of both social and benevolent character, where he soon became prominent. At the breaking out of the late Civil War, he was offered command of a com- pany in the Seventy-fifth Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, which he accepted. Here he rendered gallant service until 1864, when he returned to Phila- delphia, only to find himself penniless. He now decided to locate in the West, and came to Chicago, and obtained employment with Albert Pick, in the ehinawre business, where he remained for one year. He then started a small furniture fac- tory on Desplaines street; but this was destroyed by fire a year later. In the fall of 1866, Mr. Schoeninger took charge, on his own account, of a factory previ- ously run by Vergho, Ruhling & Co., for the manu- facture of toys, baby carriages, etc. Under his manage- ment it steadily increased until the great fire of 1871, which laid everything in ashes, including a new fac- tory which had just been completed. As his insur- ance had all been placed in home companies, he lost all, because the magnitude of the fire was enough to destroy them all. Mr. Schoeninger again faced dis- aster, as he had so often done before, with an un- daunted courage. He had made for himself a reputa- tion for honesty and integrity which was now of value. A banking firm in Europe, knowing his rep- utation, offered him financial as- sistance, with which he rebuilt his factories and had his engines running again January 1, 1872. in less than three months. The fol- lowing February he made his first shipment. Since then his success has been phe- nomenal. Within three years he had repaid h i s creditors from before the fire, and within ten years he had re- paid every dollar borrowed for the rebuilding of his works. He had also made exten- sive enlarge- ments, which have gone on since, until the Western Wheel Works has come to be the largest wheel manufac- tory in the United States. It em- ploys 1.500 men. mostly in the manufacture of bicycles, of which it turns out 350 per day. It re- cently made one shipment of one HOENINGER. solid trainload of fifteen cars, load- ed solely with bicycles, from the Western Wheel Works to its general store in New York, the shipment representing over $100,000 in value. Mr. Schoeninger has now transferred his interests in the Western Wheel Works to his sons-in-law, and has retired from this part of the business which he has built up. In 1893. Mr. Schoeninger established the Home Rattan Co.. for the manufacture of baby car- riages, chairs, toy furniture, and other reed and rat- tan goods. This has also met with the usual success that has attended Mr. Schoeninger's other ventures. He has since added the manufacture of juvenile bicycles, which now makes such a demand 70 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. upon the company's resources that it is found almost impossible to meet that demand. In all his great work, he is assisted by his nephew, Louis, and Henry Riehmann and the superintendent of the factory, Mr. Henry Henneberg, an old-time associate in business with Mr. Schoeninger. Mr. Schoeninger was married August 20, 1857, to Miss Augusta Riehmann, of Philadelphia. They had three children — one son and two daughters. One mar- ried daughter and the son died. In the loss of his son Mr. Schoeninger suffered the greatest disappointment of his life. He had hoped that he would succeed him iu his business and perpetuate his name. His loss has rendered him well-nigh inconsolable. He has now transferred his hopes and affections to his little grandson, Adolph Schoeninger, the child of his son. The remaining daughter, the wife of Richard Boer- icke, of the Western Wheel Works, also has a son, who shares, in a large measure, the affec- tions of his grandfather. B. F. JACOBS. Mr. B. P. Jacobs for many years has been one of the foremost real-es- tate men of the city. His firm is agent for the new Atwood Building, and is a large dealer in and subdivider of Chi- cago property. Mr. Jacobs came to Chi- cago in 1854, and immedi- ately identified himself most actively with the business interests of the city, as well as various lines of benevolent and patriotic work. His abil- ities have not only given him a goodly measure of business success, but have made him an honored leader in movements of world-wide interest and importance. ISAAC N. CAMP, Isaac N.Camp was born in Elmore, Lamoille County, Vermont, Decem- ber 19, 1831. He is the son of Abel and Charlotte (Taplin) Camp, both of whom were natives of the Green Mountain State. He RESIDENCE OF prepared for college at Bakersfield Academy, Ver- mont, paying for his board by teaching music. At the age of twenty he entered the University of Vermont, and earned in his spare time the money required to meet his current expenses. After four years he grad- uated with the class of 1856. He was then offered and accepted a position as assistant principal in the Barre Academy. Here he remained, teaching mathematics and music, until 1860, when he became principal of the high school at Burlington, Vermont, a position which he filled until his removal to Chicago, in 1868, form- ing a partnership with Mr. H. L. Story, under the style of Story & Camp. This partnership continued until the spring of 18S4. when the Estey Organ Company pur- chased Mr. Story's interest in the business, and the firm became Estey & Camp, under which style it con- tinued until it was incorporated. The business was commenced with a small capital, but by energy, per- severence, and enterprise the firm became one of the most substantial and reputable in the city of Chicago; and, at the time of Mr. Story's withdrawal, its capital exceeded half a million dollars, he receiving as his portion two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. The capital of the firm to-day amounts to something over one million dollars. Mr. Camp was always prominently connected with public enterprises, long being a director in the Chicago Theological Seminary, and of the Chicago Guarantee Life Association, and also of the Royal Safety Deposit Company. In April, 1891, he was elected a director of the World's Columbian Exposi- tion, and was a member of its Committee on Agri- ADOLI'il SCHOENINGER, 1830 MELROSE STREET. culture and Liberal Arts, ably assisting its work. Mr. Camp has traveled extensively with his family, both in Europe and the United States. In personal ap- pearance he was of medium height, with fair complex- ion and of robust physique. He had a pleasing pres- ence and address, and was social and genial in man- ner. He was a man of generous impulses, and con- tributed generously to church, charitable and benevo- lent enterprises. The architect of his own fortunes, he built up a large and solid business; and, as a citi- zen of Chicago, he was always deservedly popular and highly esteemed. Mr. Camp died at Lake Geneva. Wisconsin, his summer home, on Sunday morning, July 12, 1896. His death was so sudden and unexpected that it pro- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 71 duced a severe shock to his family and a wide circle of loving friends. He had been boat riding on the lake on Saturday morning, when he was attacked with severe pains in the stomach. These continued all day. At 11 P. M. he retired, hoping that sleep would restore him. At 3 A. M., on Sunday, anxious friends thought to see how he was resting, and found him cold in death. Mr. Camp was a member of Union Park Congrega- for Illinois. This he again resigned in 18S9 to accept the general management of the western business of the Manhattan Life Insurance Company. By the same I. N. CAMP. tional Church and president of its board of trustees. He was also a member of many social clubs and benevolent organizations. He was married January 1, 1862, to Miss Flora M. Carpenter, daughter of Hon. Carlos Carpenter, of Barre, Vermont. Three of the four children born of the union are still living: Mrs. M. A. Farr, a daughter; the oldest son, Edward N., and the youngest. William Carpenter Camp. WINFIELD NEWELL SATTLEY. Winfield N. Sattley, the general Western manager of the Manhattan Life Insurance Company, whose portrait is herewith shown, is recognized among in- surance men as a man of conspicuous ability, so marked as to make him a leader in his business. He is eminently a self-made man. Whatever he has achieved has been by his own native energy and in- domitable perseverance. He started a poor boy, with no fortune but his own sterling qualities. He has won his way in spite of every difficulty. He was born in Vermont; obtained only a meagre schooling and be- gan the study of the law. In order to earn the money to prosecute his studies he took a position with the Vermont Life Insurance Company; but young Sattley applied himself so diligently and acquitted himself so well that, instead of his position being temporary, it became, in a measure, permanent. In 1881 he was sent to Chicago by the company as general agent for Illi- nois. Here he attracted the attention of other com- panies on the lookout for men of talent; and he was appointed general agent of the Massachusetts Mutual in 1884, a position which he held for three years. He was then offered and accepted a position as superin- tendent of agencies of the New York Life Company W. N. SATTLEY. zeal and energy which he has always displayed in other cases, he has been enabled to largely increase the business of the company, notwithstanding all the unfavorable conditions of general business. r v ■4' ( / ~ ■ ■ tk r Ik J. M. W. JONES. Mr. J. M. W. Jones, the master spirit in the J. M. W. Jones Stationery and Printing Company, was born in Hoosack, Rensselaer County. New York, January 72 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. 22, 1821. He has been a resident of Chicago since 1857, and during the whole period since has been identified with the printing and stationery business. THOMAS STEWART QUINCEY. Thomas Stewart Quincey is a good type of the ac- tive, pushing, self-made man. He was born in Bel- ville. Ont., May 28, 1852. From his earliest boyhood he has been compelled to look out for himself. What- ever of schooling he obtained was before he was twelve years of age and in his native town. He was completely thrown on his own resources. He obtained a situation as commercial traveler; and in that ca- pacity, came to Chicago. Since 1875 he has made this SSSji? ?is 6H|S3"£ CI SKi - *e| E g I m -' £ m THE STAR ACCIDENT COMPANY'S BUILDING, 3.->(i DEARBORN STREET. his home. He was active in the organization of the Northwestern Commercial Traveler's Life and Acci- dent Insurance Company, and was elected its manager. It came to absorb his entire time. He has now be- come secretary and manager of the Star Accident Company of Chicago, whose handsome new building herewith shown, is a conspicuous ornament to Dear- born street, and the city of Chicago. Mr. Quincey is a member of the Oakland and Re- view clubs, and first lieutenant of Cavalry Troop A, Illinois National Squadron. He was in command of the Chicago Hussars, stationed at the stock yards during the Pullman strike. He is married and resides at 472 Forty-second street. JOSEPH THATCHER TORRENCE. General Joseph T. Torrence was born in Mercer County, Pa., March 15, 1843. He was employed for three years in a blast furnace at Sharpsburg, Md., owned by Mr. John P. Agnew. From here he went to Briar Hill, Ohio, where he worked again in a furnace until he learned the blacksmith's trade, becoming assistant foreman before he was seventeen years old. It was here he obtained a practical knowl- edge of mechanics. At the breaking out of the war he enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Fifth Ohio Infantry. He was wounded at Perryville four times and was granted an honorable discharge from the army, with a life pension. He returned to Ohio just before the famous raid of General Morgan into the state. Although suffering from his wounds, he promptly took command of a volunteer force and as- sisted in the pursuit and capture of the rebel. During the next five years Mr. Torrence was em- ployed by Reis, Brown & Berger, at New Castle, Pa., first in charge of their furnaces and later managing the sales of their entire product. In 18C9, Mr. Torrence removed to Chicago, where he took charge of the furnaces of the Chicago Iron Works; and a year later, became connected with the Joliet Iron and Steel Company; built furnaces at De- pere. Wis., and Menominee, Mich., and acted as con- sulting engineer for the Green Bay & Bangor Furnace Company, at Chicago. He was also made colonel of the Second Regiment of the Illinois Guards, and was promoted to brigadier general of the First Brigade. Since 1881. General Torrence has been instrumental in the promotion of several great enterprises, such as 74 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. the organization of the Joseph H. Brown Iron and Steel Company, on the Calumet River; the South Chicago and Western Indiana Railroad; the Chicago and Calumet Terminal Railway Company; the Calu- met Canal and Improvement Company; the Standard Steel and Iron Company, and the Chicago Elevated Terminal Railway Company. General Torrence is a Republican in politics; takes a lively interest in all public questions, and is a born leader of men. He is generous to a fault, his hand always being open to help the deserving. He was married Septembe: 11, 1872, to Miss Elizabeth Nor- GEN. JOSEPH T. TORRENCE. ton, daughter of Jesse O. Norton, of Chicago. One daughter blessed the union. Mrs. Torrence died Oc- tober 12, 1891, the result of an accident while taking a drive with her daughter. She was mourned by a wide circle of devoted friends. WILLIAM HOUSER GRAY. William Houser Gray was born at Piqua, Ohio, Sep- tember 23, 1S47. He graduated from the Piqua High School and entered the Denison University, where he remained for three years. His father, being engaged in building, William assisted him for a time after completing his education, until an opening presented itself on the Lake Erie and Western Railroad as civil engineer. When the company failed, William went into the lumber business at Piqua until 1871. He then became interested in life insurance, in which he developed rare abilities. In 1877 he organized the Knights Templar and Masonic Aid Association of Cin- cinnati, which, under his management, became the leading company of its class in the United States. In 1883 he withdrew from the company and came to Chi- cago; and, in the spring of 1884 organized the Knights Templars and Masonic Life Indemnity Company of Chicago, of which he became a director and general manager. Its history has been one of conspicuous success from the start. It now stands as guarantee for upwards of twenty-six millions of dollars of insur- ance. Mr. Gray has also large interests in other directions. He took an active part in developing the natural gas fields of Indiana; is a large holder of lands in Indiana and also in Texas and Illinois and Arkansas. He originated the scheme of the removal of the old Libby prison of Richmond, Va., to Chicago. He is a mem- WILLIAM H. GRAY. ber of the Union League and Marquette clubs; of St. Bernard Commandery and of other Masonic bodies. In religion Mr. Gray is a Baptist and in politics a Republican. He was married February 17, 1881, to Miss Orpha E. Buckingham. They have three chil- dren, Ina, Willie and Ralph B. Gray. ANDREW DUNNING. Among the conspicuous real estate men in Chicago, Mr. Andrew Dunning occupies a high place. He is es- sentially a self-made man. He served his country in the War of the Rebellion, being mustered out as a first lieutenant at the close of the war. Since then he has devoted his energies to floriculture and real estate, in both of which he has made a great success. Large tracts of fertile lands throughout the state have been placed in his hands for sale. It will pay investors to call on him. ORLANDO EDGAR MILLER. Orlando Edgar Miller, favorably known all over the United States for his remarkably successful treat- ment of Hernia, was born at Arcadia, Ohio, October 4, 1864. He received his schooling at Fostoria, Ohio. But it is his business and professional success which will especially interest the reader; and it is proper to state that he began to treat cases of rupture by a method all his own, in Denver, Colo., in 1886. By 1893 he had a chain of institutions covering all the leading cities of the United States, it being the largest medi- cal corporation in the world. The panic of '93 was a hard blow. The company sustained very heavy losses, •but survived. Since then, the hundreds of thousands of dollars which it had paid out for advertising and its large number of cured patients have helped to tide it over its difficulties and place it on the high road to prosperity. It has always done a strictly honorable business, and was the first to inaugurate the emi- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 75 nently fair rule: "No cure, no pay." This it coukl not have done without a system which would guaran- ORLAXDO E. MILLER. tee results. Dr. Miller is still a young man. He has the world before him. His past achievements are a safe indication of what that future is to be. WILLIAM W. KIMBALL. William W. Kimball, founder of the piano and organ making industries of Chicago, was born in Oxford music trade of the Northwest; anu to-Uay it is gener- ally conceded that the establishment of the W. W. Kimball Company is the largest and most complete of its kind in the world. This company was the first to manufacture and job organs in Chicago, and the growth of the business has always kept pace with the rapid increase of the city at large. The floorage space utilized by the firm covers over eleven acres, a fact which speaks stronger than words as to the vast busi- ness transacted. In 1S57 Mr. Kimball began business in Chicago as a dealer in pianos and organs and seven years later established the wholesale trade. Within forty-eight hours after the subsidence of the great fire Mr. Kimball had converted his private residence into a musical warehouse, with the billiard room for an office and the barn for a shipping department. What could be more typical of the energy of a Chi- cago business man? JAMES F. KEENEY. James F. Keeney was born at Crawfordsville, Ind., September 15, 1840. His parents moved to Des Moines, Iowa, in 1850, where he prepared himself for college] He entered the University of Rochester, N. Y., in 1862, from which he graduated in 1866. He studied law two years and then removed to Chicago in 1868, and began the real estate business. W. W. KIMBALL. County, Maine, in 1828. The name Kimball is eminent as giving title to the pioneer firm in the wholesale JAMES F. KEENEY. His first venture was the purchase of 240 acres at Ravenswood. South Evanston was next founded. He built a depot, a fine business block and upwards of fifty large houses, which placed it in the front rank of Chicago's suburbs. Mr. Keeney was an active promoter of the present park system. He bought, in 1871, inTregoCounty, Kan., five townships on the Union Pacific Railroad, which he colonized with Chicago and Eastern people. In the cen- ter of this tract he built the city of Wa Keeney, the county seat of Trego County, and secured for it the U. S. land office, which added much to its importance. Mr. Keeney was elected to the Kaunas Legislature in 1878 and 1879, and became a leader in the House. He was a useful member of the ways and means com- 76 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. mittee. He was also made a member of the State Board of Agriculture. He was elected president of the State Fair in 1880, held at Lawrence, Kansas, and delivered the inaugural address at the opening of the fair. He returned to Chicago in 1881, and again en- tered the real estate business. Since then he founded Hermosa, and, in connection with others, Chicago Heights and Columbia Heights, where are located many factories, and where he still is engaged in build- ing up this manufacturing town. THEO. NOEL. Among the many thousands of visitors who come to Chicago in the course of a year, a very great propor- tion do so to receive treatment for physical ailments in the hope of regaining lost health and vigor. Here is to be found the greatest array of medical talent in America; here the finest medical colleges; and here most conspicuous in the whole history of the treat- ment of disease. It reads like a fairy tale. Prof. Theo. Noel, an eminent geologist of Chicago, has discovered a mineral deposit which, on being exposed to the air, rapidly oxydizes, and in its ozydized form becomes soluble in water, producing a mineral water of greater richness in curative properties than any other natural mineral water known. It is in the most, convenient form possible, as it can be sent to any address through the United States mails. Think of it, a jug of min- eral water delivered by the postman like a letter! You add the water yourself according to directions. Here are some of the astonishing things which are claimed for it after many years of practical test under the most diverse conditions: One package of this preparation, which Prof. Noel has been several years allowing to decompose, will enable the person using it to have a mineral spring of their own, greater and more healing than any in THEO. NOEL'S OFFICE. the most perfect appliances for the treatment of all kinds of diseases which flesh is heir to. But while the doctors have been building up their elaborate theories and constructing their 'pathies, some most miraculous events have been transpiring which are big with promise of better times to the afflicted, and that, too, without involving such enormous outlays for medical attention as people have been subjected to in the past. It is a well-known fact that nature sup- plies, in its great laboratories, materials for the cure of all diseases. There are mineral waters which are simply marvelous in their curative properties, and people pay vast sums of money to obtain famous brands, or to attend sanitariums where these brands can be had. It remained for a Chicago geologist to discover a soluble earth which contains all these cura- tive properties possessed by any of those mineral waters, as well as many which none of them have. The success which has followed that discovery is the the world. The farmer can purify his well or his spring and have mineral water constantly by empty- ing a package therein, and the denizen of the city can put a spoonful or two in his water tank and defy doctors, mineral water sellers, microbes and other nuisances. One package, which Prof. Noel sells for one dollar, will make 800 gallons of the best mineral water on or in the earth, as the discoverer claims. It is certainly well worth examining and looking into. Prof. Noel, in a letter printed in the Chicago "Times," claimed the mineral to be an unfailing remedy for that terrible disease, diphtheria, and agreed to send enough of it to any one to cure the worst case after the doctors had given it up as incurable. The professor renews his offer to the readers of "Unrivaled Chica- go." If diphtheria exists in the family or among the friends of any reader of "Unrivaled Chicago," he will send him enough to cure the case if the recipient will promise to write the facts afterward. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 7? Certainly a proposition of this kind is entitled tc earnest consideration. It is something which no rea- soning man can afford to ignore. But it is not alone for diphtheria that this remedy has made a tremen- ous record. It is no less remarkable in all those cases which are peculiar to women. Also asthma, catarrh, eczema, winter cholera, all skin diseases, kidney com- plaints, torpid liver, typhoid fever and a multitude of other diseases all yield readily when Vitae Ore is used. It is doubtful if any proprietary house in Amer- ica can show such an array of testimonials from peo- ple who have been cured of every species of disease as Mr. Noel; and. what is more, every testimonial will be genuine. Mr. Noel has stood the assaults of the medical profession for years, and in every bout has come off victorious. We can only say to the read- ers of "Unrivaled Chicago." you can have your own mineral spring right at home, and save untold sums, which you would otherwise pay to the doctors, and, best of all, enjoy the blessings of health and longevity. Send one dollar to Prof. Noel, Geologist, Tacoma Building, and see if this is not true, or. what is better, yet, send him the names and addresses of six afflicted friends, and he will send a free sample to all. that you and they may know at his expense that Vitae Ore is the best thing in or out of the earth for all who need health. He proclaims that he scorns to take any one's money if his discovery will not benefit or permanently cure. ALBERT L. COE. A. L. Coe was born in Talmage, Ohio. His early life was spent in Ashtabula County, on the Western Reserve. He removed to Chicago in July. 1S53, en- gaging in the coal business, until the breaking out of the war. He entered the service with the Fifty-first Illinois Volunteers, in September. 1861, and continued in the service for more than four years. The firm of proved successful. Careful management has added to the success of that business. Mr. Coe has been identi- fied with several enterprises of public interest. He was one of the early members of the Union League Club. He has taken part in the Citizens' League, the Young Men's Christian Association, of which he has long been a trustee, and other organizations. He was also one of the promoters of the great Auditorium building enterprise. He has always been actuated by a desire to promote the public good, rather than pri- vate gain. Warm hearted, courteous, and generous in his intercourse with others, he is an honor to his call- ing, and to the city of Chicago. He has a commanding presence, and distinguished appearance, which make him a conspicuous figure in any gathering, or on the street. THE RELIC HOUSE. This is a place of popular resort located near the Center street entrance to Lincoln Park. It is literally built of relics of the great fire of 1871; and all around the entrances and grounds are arranged some of the ALBERT L. COE. Mead & Coe, of which Mr. foe is a member, was or- ganized immediately after the war, and has continued until this time without change, doing business in the management of estates for non-residents; also in placing capital in loans and investments, which have THE RELIC HOl'SE. most remarkable specimens, which will weh repay the study of the curious. Every visitor to Lincoln Park should make it a point to visit the Relic House while in the city. GRACELAND CEMETERY. One of the most beautiful of the objects of interest around Chicago is Graceland Cemetery. It ranks on a par with Creenwood Cemetery in Brooklyn. Forest Hill of Boston, and Spring Grove of Cincinnati. For the last fifteen years the new system of cemetery adornment has been practiced, which discourages the siting up of unsightly headstones and gaudy monu- ments, and which cultivates the most pleasing park i ffects so as to produce upon tin visitor ;i sensation of t< st ami peace. The utmost care is taken in the selec- tion and planting of every tree and shrub in order to preserve the most natural effects, strengthen the pic- turesque and maintain a general harmony. No prun- ing is permitted, only the removal of dead limbs. Great elms have been so transplanted as to give dignity and 78 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. grace, so that the cemetery becomes an ideal park. Near the chapel stands one of these great elms, 2V 2 feet in diameter and 60 feet in height. This was planted in 1SS9. It was then thought to be the largest tree that was ever transplanted, but a still larger one has since been planted at Graceland. The most has been made of all irregularities of sur- face, the treatment being such that a slight elevation becomes, in effect, a hill — much after the Japanese method of making a landscape of great diversity of level, and variety of scope within the space of a few SCENE IX GRACELAND CEMETERY. feet, by judicious arrangement of surface, placing of buildings and planting. In addition to all the other ornamentation a beautiful artificial lake has been excavated, with the foliage on its banks coming down to the waters' edge, and with its outlines so broken and irregular that from no point can the visitor see it entire. On the whole, this beautiful spot must be seen to be appreciated: and it will repay the visitor to Chicago to make a trip to Graceland Cemetery. DUNLAP SMITH. Mr. Dunlap Smith has had a wide range of expe- riences during his short but eventful life. He was born in Chicago, July 14, 1863. He began his education in the public schools of the city and continued it in the schools of Belgium. He was in Paris and Brussels during the Franco-Prussian war and the Paris Com- mune. Later he returned to this country and grad- uated from Harvard University in 1884. Since 1SS6 he has been engaged in the real estate business in Chicago, and has become connected with many of the great interests which center in this city. He has been a director in the Chicago Elevator Company, the Iowa Central Railway Company, The Barnum and Rich- ardson Manufacturing Company. The Wilmington Coal Company, and president of the Real Estate Board of Chicago. He is also a member of the valuation com- mittee of the same board. He was one of the men se- lected by Mayor Swift for the tax commission ap- pointed by him. Notwithstanding his present attain- ments, he has yet the best years of his life before him. rgr- DUNLAP SMITH. He is one of the youngest among those who have at- tained distinction. J. GRAFTON PARKER. J. Grafton Parker came to Chicago in the spring of 1861. He was, for many years, engaged in business J. GRAFTON PARKER. in Boston, being a partner in the firm of H. Jacobs & Son. wholesale provision dealers. His connection with this firm brought him to Chi- cago so frequently, that he almost claimed residence here, although he did not move his family here until the fall of 1879. He then became associated with his BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 79 brother, A. A. Farmer, in the well-known firm of Holden & Co., remaining with him until the spring of 1888, when he entered the real estate business, associ- ating with him his son, J. Grafton Parker, Jr., under the firm name of J. Grafton Parker & Co. Mr. Parker's genial manner, honesty and prompt business methods have won for him an enviable position with his associ- ates in business. He has negotiated some of the larg- est real estate transactions in the city. Mr. Parker was born in Chelmsford, Mass.. February 29, 1836. His father. Mr. Artemus Parker, and mother, Lorinda Healy. were well-known in New England for their sterling integrity and Christian bearing SENECA D. KIMBARK. Mr. Seneca D. Kimbark is the pioneer of the iron and steel trade in Chica- go, he having been actively engaged in that business for over forty-three years. He was born at Venice, Cayuga County, N. Y., March 4, 1832. He obtain- ed such an edu- cation as other country boys of a persevering nature achieved. He began in the district schools and afterward attended the Genesee and Canandai g u a academies, earning the money, in the meanwhile t o pay his ex- penses. When he was eight years old his parents remov- ed to Livingston County, and four years later he was set to work on the farm. Here he remained when not teaching in the winter, or attending school, until he was twenty- one. In 18 5 2 Mr. Kimbark removed to Chi- cago, where he engaged in the iron business, becoming the junior member of the firm of E. G. Hall & Co. In 1860, the firm name was changed to Hall. Kimbark & Co.; and in 1873 to Kim- bark Bros. & Co. In 1876 Mr. Kimbark became sole proprietor. The great fire of 1871 had inflicted a heavy loss upon the business: but through tact, cour- age and perseverance he pulled through and soon re- covered the ground lost. He built up in his time one of the greatest iron, steel and heavy hardware trades in this country; also established an extensive car- riage woodw-ork factory in Michigan, to manufacture a large line of the goods he already sold in his trade. In 1891 this was removed to Elkhart, Ind., where con- ditions were more favorable. This is now one of the largest of its kind in America. Mr. Kimbark has al- ways been an enthusiastic iron man. The iron busi- ness has always been his special care. Although not a politician, he takes great interest in all questions of municipal reform. He has always refused to go into partisan politics or run for office, although he has been, from early manhood, a consistent Republican. He was one of the commissioners who located the South Park system; and, during the war, took an active part in raising troops and sending them to the front. The Kimbark Guards organized by his brother, George M., and named for h> i, received his aid. He was identified with the Luion League Club from the time of its organization. He was one of the origi- nal members of the Chicago Club; a charter member of the W a s h i ngton Park Club, and a member of the Calumet Club. Mr. Kimbark was married September 25, 1856, to Miss Elizabeth Pruyne, daugh- ter of Peter Pruyne, at one time state sen- ator of Illinois, an d a friend and colleague of Stephen A. Douglas. M r s. Kimbark was •born the day the first mayor of Chicago was installed. Four children have been born of this union, two daughters and two sons. The oldest son, Charles A. Kim- bark, is now the financial manager of his father's busi- ness and a young man of great promise. The other. Wal- ter, is equal in promise to his brother. He is at the head of the carriage and is a skillful S. D. KIMBARK. goods department of the business, manager. JOHN DUNN. Mr. John Dunn is an English gentleman who be- came known to the people of Chicago through his con- nection with the consular service of Great Britain and by his official position with the Illinois Central Railroad Company. He has many warm friends wherever he is known. He was born in Devonshire, England, April 24. 1S40. and came to America in 1869. 80 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. He resided in New York until 1873, when he moved to Chicago to enter the service of the Illinois Central Railroad as private secretary to the president. In January, 1883, he was promoted to the post of assist- JOHN DUNN. ant to the president and continues to hold that office at the present time, besides being assistant secre- tary of the company, a position he has filled since November, 1880. Mr. Dunn was British vice consul for a period of seven years, from 1878 to 18S4. Since his retirement from that office he has given his whole attention to the affairs of the railway corporation by which he is employed. By profession Mr. Dunn is an attorney-at-law, having been admitted to the Illinois bar in 1875. but of late years he has not actively prac- ticed that profession. Mr. Dunn stands high with the railroad company, and has the unbounded confidence of the president and directors. JOHN FREDERICK EBERHART. John Frederick Eberhart was born January 21, 1829, in Mercer County. Pa. His early life was taken up by attendance at school, work on the farm and in teaching, by which he supported himself while carry- ing on his studies. In this way he developed mental and physical strength, for both of which he was wide- ly noted. He graduated at Alleghany College July 2nd. 1S53. On September 1, 1S53, he became principal of the Albright Seminary, at Berlin. Pa., the first edu- cational institution founded by the Evangelical Asso- ciation. Here the tax upon his energies was so great that, after two years, he was forced by failing health to resign. Mr. Eberhart came west in the spring of 1S55 and located at Dixon. 111. There he edited for a time the Dixon "Transcript." and delivered courses of scientific lectures before institutions of learning: then spent a year in traveling for some New York publishing houses and finally settled down in Chicago to the pub- lication of the "Northwestern Home and School Jour- nal." For about fifteen years Mr. Eberhart was then engaged in educational work, in the editorial chair. the lecture field and as superintendent of the schools of Cook County, 111. It was mainly by his efforts that the public schools throughout Cook County were or- ganized and developed into a practical system, and a normal school for the training of teachers was estab- lished. He was also an early advocate and promoter of teachers' institutes, which have exercised a power- ful influence in developing improved methods of teaching. In 1860 Mr. Eberhart turned his attention, to a con- siderable extent, to real estate. In this he has been reasonably successful. He has acquired a compe- tence, and spends it in ways which he believes will bring the most good to humanity. In pontics Mr. Eberhart is a Republican, but is not a partisan and has never sought political preferment. In religion he is a Methodist, but with broad humani- JOHN F. EBERHART. tarian sympathies. He is a prominent member of the People's Church, whose pastor. Rev. H. W. Thomas, was his pupil and his been his life-long friend. He was married in 1S64 to Miss Matilda C. Miller, a lady of refinement and who has proved a worthy help- meet in all his work. Four children have graced their union. PAUL O. STENSLAXD. Paul O. Stensland was born in Sandied. near Stav- anger. Norway, May 9. 1847. the youngest in a family of nine children. He was reared on a farm in his na- tive land and obtained such schooling as he could in the district. At the age of eighteen ihe left home for travel in Hindostan and farther India. He became interested in the cotton and wool industries as a buyer of sta- ples, traveling extensively in the prosecution of his business, from Cape Camorin to the Himalaya*, and from the Indus to the Bramapootra. After five years he returned to Norway, on a visit to his pa- rents, whom he found in failing health. Both of them died within three months after his return. Soon after he set out for America, arriving in Chicago in the spring of 1S71. Here he engaged in the dry goods business, which absorbed his energies for fourteen S2 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. years; but in 1885 he left it for insurance and real estate. Since then he organized the Milwaukee Ave- nue State Bank, of which he became president. Mr. Stensland was a member of the Chicago Board of Education for nine years, serving on several im- portant committees. He also served on a select com- mittee of citizens to revise the charter of the city .**** j i^"" 2/^jk PAUL O. STENSLAND. and was a director of the World's Columbian Ex- position. Politically Mr. Stensland is a Democrat and in re- ligion a Lutheran. He is also a member of the Iro- quois Club and several Scandinavian organizations. He was married in August, 1871, to Karen Querk, of Sonhordland, Norway. They have two children. DEPOTS. Chicago is abundantly supplied with depot facili- ties. While all the older depots which were built, like the Union, at Canal street, and the Rock Island] on Van Buren street, are crowded to their utmost capacity, those built in later years, like the Grand Central and Illinois Central, are capable of afford- ing facilities for many years to come, whatever the growth of the city or increase of roads. The follow- ing is a brief summary: There are six railroad depots in Chicago, all but one of which are union depots— that is, they furnish ter- minal facilities for a large number of railroads which use them in common. The Northwestern alone, at the north approach to the Wells street bridge, ac- commodates the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad system. Then comes the Union Depot, on Canal street, extending from Madison to Adams streets, where the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, the Chicago & Alton, and the Pennsylvania Railroads terminate. At Harrison street and Fifth avenue is the Wisconsin Central, that ac- commodates several others— the Baltimore & Ohio, the Chicago & Great Western Railroad, and the Northern Pacific. The Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific is located on Van Buren street, between Sherman and Pacific avenue, which also receives the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern. The Polk street depot, at Polk and Dearborn, gives facilities to the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, the Chicago & Eastern Illinois, the Wa- bash, the New York, Lake Erie & Western Railroad, the Chicago & Western Indiana, the Grand Trunk, and Louisville, New Albany & Chicago Railroads. And the new Illinois Central depot, at Twelfth street and Michigan avenue, one of the finest in the country, accommodates the Michigan Central and other roads. All these depots are within a few minutes' ride from the central or business part of the city, where the great hotels are all located. HOTELS. Chicago is noted, the world over, for the great num- ber, the size, and the excellence of its hotels. It is impossible to give a minute description of all or even any number of them, as it would take a volume for that alone. The most that can be done is to men- tion, in a general way, a few of the most conspicuous and those which serve as a type of the others. The Auditorium, with its Annex, stands easily at the head of the list, both in size and appointments. It is one of the largest in the world. It occupies that part of the Auditorium Theater building not given up to office purposes or to the uses of the theater. It rises to eleven stories in height, and has more than 1,000 rooms given up to the use of guests. The American dining-room is on the top story and commands a fine view of Lake Michigan. The European restaurant is on the ground floor, and is the largest and handsomest in the city. The hotel is run on both the American and European plans, so that guests can take their choice. The Auditorium is one of the points of inter- est that every visitor to Chicago wants to visit. The Wellington is the place where the men of great wealth put up when they come to Chicago, if they happen to be of a retiring disposition. Here they can be sure of the best that the country affords without undue ostentation. It caters strictly to the ultra- fashionable element, and to that it offers the most perfect of home-life comforts. The Richelieu is another of the swell hotels. It, however, caters more to the showy and ostentatious patrons. Then comes the Palmer House, the home of the politicians; the Great Northern, and others of that class. Then come the great middle-class hotels, of which there are hundreds, that cater to the commercial trav- eling public and that furnish good home-like accom- modations at a very reasonable price. Of this class the Clifton, at the corner of Monroe and Wabash ave- nue, and McCoy's, at the corner of Clark and Van Buren streets, are good representatives. And below these there is almost an infinite variety, both in number and grade, which offer accommodation to every class and condition of people, down to the West Madison street lodging-houses, where bunks can be had for a dime. PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. Closely related to the hotels are the theaters. And there is a perfectly parallel gradation in the quality and prices of these with the hotels. They range from the Auditorium, the Columbia, McVicker's, the Opera House, the Schiller, and the Great Northern, down through all shades of gradation to the concert hall in a beer garden. Then, in addition to the theaters, are the race tracks, the ball grounds, the Ferris Wheel, and, in summer, the picnic grounds. They all vie with one another to offer attractions that will prove draw- ing cards and help to win nickels and dimes from the pockets of pleasure seekers. The roof garden is another form of amusement which is gaining in popu- larity. At the top of the Masonic Temple a place has been fitted up where music, dramatic entertainments. ENTRANCE TO AUDITORIUM HOTEL, MICHIGAN AVENUE. 84 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. etc., are given, far above the noise and tumult of the street. Another at the top of the new Great Northern has also been recently completed. It is 205 feet above the sidewalk, the only open-air roof garden in Chicago. The Auditorium.— As before stated, the Auditorium, for dimensions and magnificence of appointments, easily takes first place. It ranks along with the greatest the- aters in the world — the Paris Opera House and La Scala, at Milan. It was be- gun in 1887, and the construction was car- ried forward so vig- orously that the great audience room was opened to the public on December 9, 1889. The entrance to the theater is from the Congress street side, near Wabash avenue. The ticket offices are located on either side of the grand vesti- bule that leads to the lobby. The house will seat upwards of four thousand people. There are forty boxes, elaborately furnished and hung with plush curtains. Fifty - five hundred incandescent electric lamps light the house and stage. The organ is said to be the largest and finest in the world. It contains 7,193 pipes. The stage, from foot-lights to wall, is 69 deep by 98 feet wide in the clear. It is sufficient for the grandest scenic dis- plays that are ever necessary in a theat- rical production. The Auditorium is the home of the Or- chestral Association, supporting the Chica- go Orchestra, con- ducted by Mr. Theo- dore Thomas, which was incorporated in 1891. It is one of the two permanent or- chestras in America. At the very begin- n i n g its financial basis was firmly es- tablished, when about fifty of Chicago's wealthiest and most public - spirited men created its "guaranty fund," thereby obli- gating themselves for any deficits which might remain season. The orchestra is composed of about eighty five members, and for twenty-two weeks of each year since its establishment two concerts per week have been given at the Auditorium— a Friday matinee and a Saturday evening concert. The best solo talent available has appeared from time to time at these concerts. The season sale for 1896-7 is already larger than ever before. A special chorus has been made an adjunct to the orchestra this season. This is under the direction of Mr. Arthur Mees. Besides its forty-four TEMPLE. STATE AND RANDOLPH STREETS. Home Office of Knights Templars and Masons Life Indemnity Co. the end of each Chicago programmes, the orchestra will also visit many of the leading cities, such as Ann Arbor, Toledo, Cleveland, Milwaukee, and other places of prominence. The purpose of the Chicago Orchestra is to furnish good music for the West, and the stability which the THEATERS 85 names of its guarantors has given it has led these surrounding cities to avail themselves of the oppor- tunity furnished them. Next to the Auditorium and its various attractions comes McVicker's Theater, with a seating capacity of about 2,000. It is one of the oldest theaters in the city. It was the fifth, in order of time, built in Chicago. It was destroyed in the great fire of 1871, but re- built larger and finer, so that it was again opened to the public on August 15, 1872, having been rebuilt at a cost of $200,000. Important improve- ments and additions have been made since, which keep it in the front rank of Chicago play houses. It is one of the most favorably located of any in the city, being convenient to street cars from all parts of Chicago, and to all the great down-town hotels. The Columbia is situated just one square south of Mc- Vicker's, on Monroe street. It is the le- gitimate successor of the New Adelphi, which, for a time after the fire, occu- pied the present site of the First National Bank, in the old Post- office building, the ruins of which were rebuilt after the great fire and were occu- pied by J. H. Haverly as a play house. When the ground leas.e expired, the Adelphi was demol- ished and the Colum- bia was built on its present site by Mr. Haverly, who man- aged it until Febru- ary. 1885. when it passed into the hands of the Columbia Tho- a t e r Company. In 1890, .Messrs. Havman & Davis took charge, and still control tin- property. It enjoys a wide and deserved popularity, not only for the completeness of its appointments, but for the uniform excellence of its at- tractions. Hooley's Theater. — The Chicago Tribune says: "Hooley's has become to Chicago like Daly's and the Lyceum of New York rolled into one — more than that. like six of the best Eastern comedy theaters in their combined essence." But this is no more than is justi- fied by the public verdict. It has come to be known as "the Parlor Home of Comedy," and justly so, for "Hooley's" is known among theater-goers and the theatrical profession as one of the most popular and successful play houses, not only in Chicago, but in the United States. The late Mr. R. M. Hooley bpgan his MARSHALL FIELD'S career in Chicago in 1870. at Hooley's Opera House, situated where the Grand Opera House now stands. After the fire of 1871. Mr. Hooley made a trade of that ground for the Randolph street site and built Hooley's Theater, which was opened on October 17. 1872. It is 86 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. RESIDENCE OF MR. ALBERT WISNER. 4825 DREXEL BOULEVARD. the home of the great dramatic stock companies of New York and London. Among its permanent attrac- tions are Ada Rehan and Mr. Augustin Daly's com- pany, the New York Lyceum Theater Company, the New York Empire Theater Company, Mr. and Mrs. Kendal, Mr. E. S. Willard, Mr. John Hare, Miss Olga Nethersole, Mr. John Drew, Mr. Nat C. Goodwin, Mr. E. H. Sothern, and the leading comedy attractions of Messrs. Daniel and Charles Frohman. Also the latest successes in comedy and the drama of New York and London. Mr. Harry J. Powers is the manager and Mr. Francis J. Wolf the treasurer. The theater has been fre- quently remodeled, and is perfectly adapted to all the requirements of the modern stage and the com- fort of the public. The Chicago Opera House comes next in order of size. It is located on the corner of Clark and Wash- ington streets, and has a seating capacity of about 2,300 persons. Its stage construction is remarkably perfect. Every device which modern theaters have found desirable is included. No expense has been spared in making the stage one of the finest in the West. Nothing is lacking which would add to the scenic effect or increase the comfort and convenience of the players. The interior decoration is strikingly original and appropriate, although chaste and re- fined. It is now running as a continuous show, with- out doubt the best of its class in Chicago. The Grand Opera House is another of the old play houses of the city. It has been frequently remodeled to bring it up to modern requirements. In this way it has kept up with the march of improvements. It is located on Clark street, between Washington and Randolph streets. The Schiller Theater is situated on Randolph Street, between Clark and Dearborn, and is one of the finest and most popular of Chicago places of amusement. It has recently passed into the hands of Mr. Robert Blei, who, in a short time, has established a reputa- tion of giving the best vaudeville entertainment fur- nished in the country. The prices range from 20 cents to $1, and all seats are reserved. One beauty about the Schiller auditorium is that there are no posts or columns in any part of the house to interfere with the view of the stage. The seating capacity is about twelve hundred, and there are six boxes. The chairs are large and comfortable, with plenty of space between each row. Improved ventilating systems, including a perfect heating system for winter and refrigerating system for summer, together with suc- tion fans in the roof that secure a continuous supply of fresh air, which renders it pleasant at any season of the year. The Schiller forms one of a circuit of vaudeville houses which extend from New York to San Francisco, and secures the first option on all the new attractions which come from Europe. The Great Northern Theater, just completed, while THEATERS. 87 SCHILLER THEATER. RANDOLPH STREET, BETWEEN CLARK AND DEARBORN STREETS. making no pretensions to being a great theater, is one of the finest in the city. Completeness in all its details, beauty and elegance in all its adornments, and the convenience and safety of its patrons have been the points aimed at. All the stage fittings and fixtures are of fire-proof materials, and everything from pit to gallery is fire-proof, even to floors and ceilings. It has a seating capacity of about 1,500. It contains sixteen boxes; and the chairs are exactly alike throughout the entire house. The ventilation is so arranged that fresh air is taken from the roof and forced downward throughout the whole house, there being three independent systems, one for the stage and one each for the auditorium and the gallery. In addition to these there are numerous theaters of first-rate importance in each of the three sections of the city, which depend upon local patronage for their support, like the Standard and Haymarket on the West side. These are followed by a multitude of smaller places of every kind and quality to be found in every conceivable place where people congregate, so that there is no difficulty in satisfying the most varied tastes of resident or visitor in the matter of amusements. 88 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. A GREAT EDUCATIONAL CENTER. Chicago has become one of the greatest centers of learning in America. In this respect, it has kept pace with its development in other and more material things. Early in its history, certain sections of land were set aside as an endowment of its common school system. Several of those sections are located in the heart of the business portion of the city; and al- though much of this land has heretofore been sold, there still remains enough to constitute a magnificent endowment. The rents which are received form an important part of the fund for the support of the schools. And. on top of that, the Legislature has been liberal in making provision for the raising of suffi- cient means, by taxation, to sustain the finest system of common schools in America. The schools are un- der the control of a Board of Education, consisting of twenty members, who are appointed by the Mayor and confirmed by the Common Council. The direct administration of the affairs of the schools is entrusted to one superintendent of schools, one superintendent of high schools, ten assistant superintendents, six supervisors and an extensive corps of lesser officials and employes. Four thousand three hundred and twenty-six teachers are regularly employed, and the total expenditures of the school board for the fiscal year ending June 1, 1895, was $6,334,328.10. There were, according to official reports of the same date, 281 school buildings in the city, valued at $7,273,490. In addition to the common schools, there are four- teen high schools, where pupils are canned through the grades preparatory to entering college. The curriculum of the public schools, embracing both the common and high schools, covers a very wide range. There are kindergarten, evening, primar\, grammar, manual training, normal, college prepara- tory and physical culture classes, that would seem to cover the whole possible scope of an English educa- tion. In addition to English, German, Latin, music and drawing are taught as voluntary branches. THE HIGHER INSTITUTIONS. Beyond and above the regular public school system comes the various universities, with their colleges of law. medicine, arts, theology, science and literature, furnishing facilities for the most general and special training of every variety conceivable. The oldest of these is the Northwestern University, having its seat at Evanston, twelve miles north of Chicago, although in its strictest sense it is a Chicago institution. The Northwestern University has a liberal endowment, which has been contributed by friends of the institu- tion from time to time since its starting. It is under the dominant influence of the Methodist denomination. Its funds are carefully invested, mainly in remunera- tive property in Chicago and Evanston. It is pre- sided over by Henry Wade Rodgers, LL. D., who was called to his present position from the deanship of the Law School of the Michigan University, at Ann Arbor. The university was organized under a special charter from the Legislature of Illinois, dated Janu- ary 28, 1851. but it was not opened until November, 1855. The College of Liberal Arts, together with the uni- versity campus, is situated at Evanston on a beautiful tract of wooded upland on the shore of Lake Michigan. By the provisions of the charter, no intoxicants can be sold within a radius of four miles from its campus. The college offers four courses of study, each requir- ing four years for their completion, the classical, the philosophical, the scientific, and the course in modern literature. Each of these courses are open alike to persons of either sex, the instruction being the same in both cases; and the same honors are bestowed for efficiency. Post-graduate work is done in all the departments of the university, leading to the degree of Ph. D. The Woman's College, the Academy and the Theo- logical School, are also located at Evanston. The Medical School is located in Chicago, on Dear- born Street, between Twenty-four and Twenty-fifth streets. It was formerly known as the Chicago Med- ical College, under which name it has a history of nearly fifty years of successful work behind it. This school was the first in this country: 1, to enforce a standard of preliminary education; 2, to adopt longer annual courses of instruction; 3, to grade the curric- ulum of studies. Its laboratory building contains laboratories of physiology, histology, anatomy, pathology, bacteriol- ogy, chemistry, pharmacology and pharmacognosy of the most modern form and with best equipments. Davis Hall is a very perfect out-patient infirmary, where twenty-five thousand patients are treated annu- ally. Forty clinics are conducted weekly at Mercy and St. Luke's Hospitals and Davis Hall. Instruction is given by lectures, recitations, confer- ences, laboratory and clinic methods. Numerous elec- tive courses are offered to students who desire them, either that they may obtain "honors" or special knowl- edge. These courses are chiefly laboratory or com- bined laboratory and clinic. The faculty consists of thirty-seven professors and forty-three instructors and demonstrators. The Law School of the University is located in the Masonic Temple, occupying one-half the seventh floor of that building, and was formerly known as the Union College of Law. The faculty includes some of the most prominent jurists in the West. No pains are spared to retain the most eminent specialists in every branch of legal practice; and many of those who have achieved distinction at the bench or bar of the West during the last twenty-five years have been professors or graduates of the Union College of Law of the Northwestern University. The School of Pharmacy occupies a part of the building of the medical school. It was organized in 1886 as the Illinois College of Pharmacy, but soon became the Northwestern University School of Phar- macy. It was designed for the systematic and thor- ough training of druggists. Its course includes thirty hours of instruction each week, on a plan which in- sures a great saving of time and expense in the work to be done. The Dental School, lately consolidated with the American College of Dental Surgery, is located at the corner of Franklin and Madison streets, in Chi- cago. It is one of the most thorough schools of dentistry in the United States, being provided with every convenience that experience has shown to be necessary, or that can facilitate the work. EDUCATIONAL. 89 The Woman's Medical School is another of the fam- ous colleges connected with this university. It is located at 333 to 339 South Lincoln Street, Chicago. This was founded in 1870 as the Woman's Hospital Medical College, but, in 1892. became a part of the university. It has obtained a wide and merited celeb- rity all over the world, drawing its students from every state in the Union, as well as from every civilized country in the world. LAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY. This is another of the distinctively. Chicago institu- tions, but which is located in one of the suburbs, as far as its headquarters goes. It was start- .■! us a Chicago en- terprise by men whose interests and business was here; but they had also become inter- ested in Lake For- est as a beautiful and growing su- burb, and so, very naturally, thought to help forward its prospects by mak- ing it the seat of a great educational institution. The charter was ob- tained in 1S57; but it was not formally organized until 1876. Its prin departments a r e undergraduate and philosophical. lo- cated at Lake For- est, and scientific, located in Chicago, the scientific com- prising the Rush Medical College. Chicago College of Dental Surgery and the Chicago Col- lege of Law. The Chicago Col- lege of Law was organized in Janu- ary, 1888, as the Chicago Evening School of Law. The following year it was reorganized as the Chicago Col- lege of Law. and soon after became the Law Depart- ment of the Lake Forest University. It is the personnel of the faculty that makes up the greatness of an institution of learning, and the faculty of this college was selected with that end in view. Such eminent jurists as Hon. Joseph M. Bailey. LL. !>.. justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois, was the first preceptor, and continued as dean down to the time of his death in 18»5. In the fall of 1888 the Hon. Thomas A. Moran became associated with Judge Bailey in the work of the college, and it is largely through the combined efforts and zeal of the two that the institu- tion has been raised to the front rank of legal educa- tional institutions of the country. THE VENETIAN lifll.Ii 34-38 WASHINGTON STREET BETWEEN STATE STREET AND WABASH AVENUE, In 1890, a third year, or post-graduate course, was organized, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Laws. Judge Moran, who is practically at the head of this course, lias a national reputation as a judge and a lawyer. His long experience on the bench and at the 90 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. bar make him pre-eminent as an instructor in this course. Up to June, 1S95, the college had graduated 766 persons from its two years' course, and 290 from its post-graduate course. It is contemplated to add still another course to the post-graduate, leading to the degree of Master of Laws. The business matters of the college are generally intrusted to Secretary Elmer E. Barrett, LL. B., who has occupied his position from the first organiza- tion. Lake Forest is situated on a beau- tiful bluff overlook- ing Lake Michigan, twenty-eight miles north of Chicago. It is the highest elevation between Chicago and Mil- waukee. It was originally laid out as a park, and is almost wholly giv- en up to residences and the university buildings. The sale of intoxic ating drinks is prohibit- ed by the terms of its charter. The Chicago & North- western Railroad gives quick and easy communica- tion with Chicago at all times. The institution is un- der the dominant influence of the P r esbyterian Church, although the teaching is not sectarian. It has a generous endow- ment, which is re- ceiving constant ad- ditions from time to time. The undergradu- ate depart ment comprises the fol- lowing schools: The Lake Forest College, offering three courses of study, each of four years, viz.: Classi- cal, Latin, and Sci- entific. All studies are prescribed dur- ing the first two years, after which a conside rable range of elective studies are allowed. Ferry Hall Sem- inary, which prepares young women for college, has additional courses leading to degrees of Bachelor of Letters and Bachelor of Music. Lake Forest Academy is the preparatory school for boys, but has special courses for those who do not contemplate taking a college course. Rush Medical College is one of the oldest and most honored of Chicago's medical schools, and forms the medical department of the university. It is situated on the corner of Wood and Harrison streets, opposite the Cook County Hospital. It was located on the North side before the great Are, where it was com- pletely destroyed along with its extensive museum. A LILY POXD, LIXCOLX PARK. When the city was rebuilt it chose as its home its present site on account of its proximity to the County Hospital and the facilities which the hospital affords for clinical and hospital practice. The enormous popularity it has enjoyed has rendered necessary fre- quent additions until it is one of the largest and best equipped medical institutions in America. 92 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. IS? f u l S 0t . ? 6ntal Surgery was found ed in 1883. It was formed by a company of dental practi- tioners in response to a manifest need for an insti- tution for the thorough training of dentists in the science of their profession. it attained to aw popularity as a separate institution, and in 1889 united with Lake Forest University as he dental department of that institution. The course of instruction of the college embraces Physiology, histology, oral surgery, materia medica therapeutics, anatomy, operative and prosthetic den n ics' y ' Th e . m if ry ' (,ental P atno10 ^. ^d dental tech- nics. The course in operative dentistry is given in formed classes, under special instructors, in orde" o give students an intimate knowledge of the tissues and parts upon which they operate, the physical qualities of the materials used and the use of instni scale of expenditure which the authorities of the university felt it requisite to maintain. The conse! and n fe e i, Wa nt! hat *£ WaS constant1 ^ damped for means 1886 ^ embarrassments, which culminated in 1886 in its dissolution. In May, 1889. the American Baptist Educational Society determined to make an- other effort to found in Chicago a seat of learning under the controlling influence of tha denominition D R^T e " 0b , tained a gift 0f * 600 ' 000 from jJn be obtained t' COndl ! loned that enough more should The ass "tannp "Vh th ? endow ™ent fund to $1,000,000. erallv and £ denomination was enlisted gen- erally, and the amount was raised. Marshall Fled anon twe'r,r e fi Cl a fiDe traCt 0f land as a ^te covering about twenty-five acres. Up to the beginning of 1896 the contributions and subscriptions to the nftUution have amounted to $11,500,000. Mr. Rockefeller has RUSH ments. Truman W. Brophy, M. D. D D S LL D one of the foremost men in the profession in this country, is dean of the faculty. The University of Illinois School of Pharmacy for- merly the Chicago College of Pharmacy, at 465-467 btate Street, is the pharmaceutical school of the same E3JT " 0fferS '' are facUities {or a °««in£s training to young men and women in the profession ui pna.i ttificy. THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. waVth? rfar'if 8 ' institutions for higher education race of ? hl c a S° University, under the dominant influ- ence of the Baptists. It had received various small endowments from prominent members of that denom as but t P hev CiPa " y fr ° m ,he Hon - Stephen A Dow- las, but they were not sufficient to maintain it on the 'fil WEST HARRISON STREET. ? n a i~ X V nnn' ^fluent donations, amounting in all to $/,426,000. The university opened its doors to students October 1, 1892, and the first year enrolled upward of 800 students. The second year this was increased to 1.200, the third to 1.500, and the fourth to -,000. Building has progressed rapidly, already six- teen are completed and others are in process of' erec- tion. Over $1,600,000 has already been expended in construction in Chicago. The Yerkes Observatory- one of its branches, located at Lake Geneva Wis- consin, a favorite resort of the wealthv people of Chicago, was built at a cost of $400,000 for land build- ings and instruments. This is an addition 'to the amounts expended as above. Prof. W R Harper formerly Semitic professor of languages at Yale was chosen president of the University in September 1890. since which time he has been its guiding spirit Already a number of the independent unattached in- stitutions of learning of various kinds have united EDUCATIONAL. 93 with the University of Chicago, and the tendency seems to be somewhat general for them to unite under the direction of some one of these great institutions. Outside of the universities there is a large number of medical schools, colleges of various kinds, insti- tutes covering special fields of training, and semin- aries, which are each doing a valuable and necessary work, which the present universities do not under- take. The Chicago Homoeopathic Medical College is an outgrowth from the Hahnemann. It is located, along with so many of the medical colleges, in the imme- diate vicinity of the Cook County Hospital, at the corner of Wood and York streets, Chicago. It is a commodious structure, built expressly for the pur- poses for which it is used, and is provided with every modern appliance required for such an institution. cago, is located at 813 YV. Harrison Street. It is one of the youngest of the great medical schools of the city, but one of the strongest and most popular. The main building was constructed in 1SS1, is six stories in height, and is provided with every modern con- venience for the purposes intended. Special prom- inence is given, in its course, to laboratory work. Al- though it has no endowment and no connection with any powerful university, it has had a rapid and steady growth from its first inception. Its annual attend- ance averages about four hundred. Then follow the Chicago Physio-Medical College, which teaches that irritation, pain, fever and inflam- mation are not disease, but physiological symptoms of disease. In consequence of these fundamental principles of medicine, it. in accordance with this principle, discards the use of all poisons as curative COLLEGE OF PHYSICIAN'S AND SURGEONS. WEST HARRISON AND HONORE STREETS. The faculty includes many of the most prominent homoeopathic physicians in the country. The Post-Graduate Medical School was established about ten years ago by some of the foremost physi- cians of Chicago in order to supply a place where regular practitioners could come from time to time and obtain the results of the advances in medical science. It has been a success from the start. More than fourteen hundred physicians from every State in the Union, from Mexico and from Canada, have availed themselves of the facilities offered. It is located at the corner of Dearborn and Twenty-fourth Streets, in the center of a medical district embracing thr- Woman's Hospital, Michael Reese Hospital, Mercy Hospital, St. Luke's Hospital and the Chicago Hos- pital. The College of Physicians and Surgeons, of Chi- agents, and uses none but unquestionably harmless agents in the cure of disease, thus aiding nature in the cure of disease by efficient and harmless agents. The Dunham Medical College is the latest addition to the list of homoeopathic medical colleges in Chi- cago. It has a beautiful new building, built for its own purposes, on Wood Street, opposite the County Hospital. Its equipment is remarkably complete and well adapted to the work, and it has a large faculty of some of the most progressive physicians in Chicago. The Chicago Policlinic, a post-graduate medical school, is located at 174 to 17(i Chicago avenue. It occupies a fine, six story building, built for its own use. This is its eleventh season. It numbers among its faculty of thirty-seven many of the foremost phy- sicians in America, in addition to which it maintains a large corps of lecturers, instructors and assist- EDUCATIONAL. 95 ants. It extends a cordial welcome to physicians visiting Chicago to inspect its equipment and attend its clinics. The Illinois Training School for Nurses, situated near the County Hospital, is doing a most valuable work in training nurses for an intelligent exercise of their profession. It is the largest and most important institution of the kind in Chicago. The Marion-Sims Training School for Nurses is another but smaller school of the same kind. It is located at 518 West Adams Street in connection with a sanitarium of the same name. This furnishes a practical training in the duties of the nurse, and is doing an excellent work. The Chicago Veterinary College is for the training of veterinary surgeons in the use of modern methods of medical treatment of dumb animals. are already under contemplation. There are at pres- ent about 1,000 pupils in regular attendance, under the instruction of fifty-four teachers, so that, while Chicago can boast of many great things, it has the largest art school in America. The collection of painting, sculpture, and other objects is such as to place the Art Institute among the four leading gal- leries in this country. A part of the exhibits are owned by the institute and a part are loaned to it, the total value of the collection being upward of $2,000,- 000, about one-half of which are the property of the institute. If the ratio of visitors to the institute con- tinues throughout the year, as in the past, it will ex- ceed 600,000 persons, being larger than any other museum in America. The galleries are open to the public free on Wednesdays and Saturdays between the hours of 9 a. m. to 5 p. m., and on Sundays from ARMOri: INSTITUTE. ARMOUR AVENUE AND THIRTY-THIRD STREET. In addition to these there is a long list of theologi- cal schools, colleges and seminaries, offering every variety of theological belief, from which people can choose to their liking, embracing Methodist, Baptist, Congregational, Presbyterian, Catholic and Episcopal. The Art Institute was organized in 1879. It began by occupying rented quarters until its magnificent home was finished. The Art Institute building is on Michigan avenue, facing Adams street. It was built in 1892-93 at a cost for the structure alone of more than $650,000, which, together with the ground, is valued at upward of $2,000,000. Spacious as the build- ing is, it is already Inadequate to house the great collections of pictures, statuary, etc., which have been accumulated. And then, the quarters of the rapidly growing art school are filled to overflowing by pu- pils from every part of the country. Enlargements 1 to 5 p. m. On other days an admission fee of 25 cents is charged, the hours being the same as on other week days. There are several other notable art collections in Chicago, such as that of the Illinois Art Association, at 154 Ashland Boulevard, open only to members and invited guests, and the Vincennes Gallery of Fine Arts, at 3841 Vincennes Avenue, which contains many valu- able works of art, which is open at all times without admission fee. But there is nothing at all approach- ing the Art Institute. The Chicago Academy of Sciences, founded in 1857 is another of these unattached institutions which is doing a valuable work of its own. It includes in its membership many of the most learned men in Chi- cago, specialists in their lines. It has a library of over 7,000 volumes, and a museum of its own. 96 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. This museum contains over 50,000 species, mostly of the fauna and flora of the United States, and is said to rank fifth among the valuable collections of the world. It has recently erected a fine building at the Center Street entrance of Lincoln Park, which furn- ishes a home to the society. The means for its con- struction were contributed by the late Mathew Laflin. one of Chicago's wealthy capitalists and early settlers. It is known as the Mathew Laflin Memorial Hall. The academy now has a membership of about four hun- dred and fifty, to which accessions are constantly being made. Then comes the Chicago Historical Society, organ- ized April 24, 1856, which is intended to collect and to promote mutual self-help in the work of education and for social intercourse. It was established in a building at the corner of Wabash Avenue and Twen- ty-second Street, where classes were organized and work carried on. As the burned over portion of the city began again to be covered with buildings, and business again centered down town, it was found necessary to remove to more accessible quarters. The Athenaeum went with the rest. It obtained good accommodations, employed competent instructors and pushed its work with vigor. Since that time it has grown to great proportions. It now occupies the en- tire building 18-26 Van Buren Street, employs a corps of twenty special teachers and gives instruction in NEWBERRY LIBRARY, CLARK AND OAK STREETS. preserve whatever of value exists as to the early his- tory of Chicago and Illinois. Its home is on Dearborn Avenue, and it is supported by contributions from some of the wealthy men of Chicago, who are proud of their State and city. The Chicago Astronomical Society dates back to 1S62. It is closely allied, if not actually connected with, the Northwestern University. When the old Chicago University was dissolved it became the pos- sessor of the celebrated Dearborn Observatory tele- scope, the largest in the West. This it removed to Evanston, where it is now in the use of the uni- versity. The Chicago Athenaeum is another of those unat- tached institutions. It was organized in October, 1871, immediately after the great fire. Its purpose is five foreign languages, Greek, Latin, French, German and Spanish. Special attention is given to music, drawing, elocution, English literature, short-hand and gymnastics. The charges for tuition are merely nominal. The Armour Institute of Technology. — This is an institution founded upon a magnificent endowment by Philip D. Armour. It embraces a technical col- lege, a scientific academy, a department of domestic arts, a department of commerce, a department of music and a department of kindergartens. The cur- riculum embraces English literature, steam, mechani- cal and electrical engineering, chemistry, architecture, mathematics, modern languages, physics, drawing, metallurgy, wood-working, machine work, forging, decoration, painting, gymnastics, and a multitude of LIBRARIES. 97 other practical matters necessary to the ambitious young man or woman. Manual training is intro- duced as a means of instruction in the technical de- partments. Besides the equipment of the several scientific de- partments, the institute has a fine gymnasium, a technical museum and a large library, which is a dis- tinctive feature in the life and thought of the com- munity. which the City Council has appropriated nearly $2,000,- 000, will be ready for occupancy about May, 1897. Messrs. Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge are the designers of the architectural monument, which in its practical arrangement and the beauty of its interior decoration will place it in the front rank among the great library buildings of the world. The number of volumes now in the library is nearly 220,000, and the collection is growing at the rate of UNITY UNITARIAN CHURCH. The Chicago Public Library has occupied, since 1886, the rooms on the top floor of the city hall. So rapid has been the growth of the library that those quarters are entirely inadequate to meet the demands made upon it by the 55,000 readers who draw books from the library for home use, and the thousands who frequent the reference and reading rooms. There has been erected on Dearborn Park, on Michigan Avenue, between Randolph and Washington streets, a magnifi- cent new home for the library. This building, for 10,000 volumes a year. The total circulation of books and periodicals in all departments in 1895 was 2,485,- 052, of which nearly one-half were drawn from the library for home use. The annual expense of oper- ating the library is $140,000. For the convenience of persons living at a distance from the main library the Board of Directors maintains thirty-two delivery sta- tions, where books may be exchanged free of charge. In addition there are also in operation six branch reading rooms, each of which is equipped with a well- 98 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. selected reference library and a selection of the best newspapers and periodicals. The public library and all its branches are open to the public every day in the year from 9 a. m. to 10 p. m. The librarian is Frederick H. Hild. FOURTH BAPTIST CHURCH, ASHLAND BOULEVARD AND WEST MONROE STREET The Newberry Library. — Mr. Walter L. Newberry, one of the pioneers of Chicago, who attained to great wealth through sagacious investments in its early days, died November 6, 186S, leaving by his will one- half of his estate for the founding of a great library to hear his name. More than one million of dollars was thus realized, which, Ijy careful investment, has lieen considerably increased, so that the fund now amounts to about $2,500,000. A magnificent library building has lately been erected, costing $500,000, facing Washington Park, between Clark Street and Dearborn Avenue. The li- brary is being constantly added to. so that, on Janu- ary 1, 1896, it embraced over 140,000 volumes. In addition to these gen- eral collections of books, special libraries are nu- merous throughout the city. The Law Institute is one of the most complete and valuable law libraries in America. It is intended strictly for the benefit of the bench and bar. It oc- cupies commodious apart- ments on the top floor of the county building, in close proximity to the courts. Medical Libraries. — Ex- tensive and valuable libra- ries exist in connection with all the medical col- leges and designed for the special use of their own faculties and students, but which can always be reached by members of the profession and others interested. CHURCHES. Of course, Chicago is well furnished with churches, where the relig- iously inclined can obtain amusement without going to the naughty theaters. Generally the aristocratic ones maintain famous preachers and elaborate choirs. And they are very fairly patronized. It is impossible to go into any elaborate description of particular organizations, but a person can find in Chicago every variety of religion, and almost every grade of ability in advo- cating it, that may be de- sired, from the aristocrat- ic ones on the boulevards to the gospel missions on Van Buren and on Halsted streets. And if none of these should suit a discrimin- ating taste, there remains the Salvation Army with its numerous gatherings on the street corners and its street parades. 100 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. PHYSICIANS. LEWIS LINN M'ARTHUR, M. D. Dr. Lewis Linn McArthur was born in Boston, Jan- uary 23, 1858, his father being an officer in the army. He attended primary school in Chicago Academy, at Lake Forest, Illinois, and spent a year at Allen's Academy, ?n Chicago, in preparation for college. He then entered Santa Clara College, but left in the junior year on account of weakness of his eyes. He began the study of medicine under Dr. Walker Hay, ARTHUR DEAN BEVAN, M. D. Dr. Arthur Dean Bevan was born in Chicago, in 1861. He was prepared for college in the Chicago High School. He entered the scientific department at Yale; but, at the beginning of his junior year, he left the college to begin his medical studies at Rush, where he graduated with high honors in the class of '83. Passing the examinations he entered the United LEWIS LINN M'ARTHUR. M. D. in 1876, afterward continuing under Dr. John E. Owens. In 1877, he entered Rush Medical, and grad- uated in 1880, having been assistant to Dr. Haines, Demonstrator of Chemistry, during the whole time. Dr. McArthur was made interne in Cook County Hospital in 1S80, after a competitive examination, tak- ing first place. He spent one year abroad in study, at Heidelberg and Vienna, especially in the field of sur- gery, obstetrics, nose and throat, and of toxicology. On his return he was placed in charge of the spring course of chemical lectures at Rush, during Prof. Haines' absence, after which he lectured for three years in the Chicago College of Dental Surgery as Pro- fessor of Chemistry. Dr. McArthur occupies a place on the staff of the Michael Reese Hospital, St. Luke's Hospital, and the Chicago Orphan Asylum. He is a member of many of the leading medical societies and stands high in the profession. ARTHUR DEAN BEVAN. M. D. States Marine Hospital Service, in which he remained until 188S. While stationed in Portland, Oregon, he was appointed Professor of Anatomy in the medical department of the State University. In 1888, he was appointed to the chair of anatomy at Rush; and, in 1890, surgeon to the Presbyterian Hospital, Chicago. Two years later he spent a term in the University of Leipzig, and did some special work in Vienna and Berlin. In 1895, he was appointed surgeon to St. Luke's and also St. Elizabeth Hospitals, and Professor of Surgery in the Woman's Medical School. In 1896, he was married to Miss Anna L. Barbee. Dr. Bevan is a member of many medical societies, and Vice President of the Chicago Medical. He has won distinction both as a teacher of anato- my and as an operating surgeon, and is one of the most prominent among the younger surgeons of the West. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 101 WILLIAM T. BELFIELD, M. D. Dr. William T. Belfield was born at St. Louis, Mis- souri, in 1856. He is a graduate of the Chicago gram- mar, the high school, and the Michigan University. Since his graduation he taught Latin and mathemat- ics in the Chicago High School for four years. He then took a regular course at the Rush Medical Col- lege, graduating in 1878, after which he served a term as resident physician at the Cook County Hospital. In order to perfect his equipment for his life work, he then went abroad and spent two years in thegreat med- ical schools and hospitals of Vienna. Paris and London. On his return he was made profess or of b acteriology and lecturer on surgery in Rush Medical Col- lege, professor of genito-urin- ary diseases in the Chicago Policlinic, and professor of surgery in the Chicago College of Dental Sur- gery. He has been five years surgeon of the Cook County Hospital; w a s lecturer for the Cart w rig ht fund, New York, in 18S3; and was Presi- dent of the Chi- c a g o Medical Society in 1887. He is a member of the Ameri- can Association of Genito-Urin- a r y Surgery, and of the Ath- letic, the Mar- quette, and the Literary Clubs. He is also au- thor of a vol- ume in World's Standard L i - brary. "The Diseases of the Urinary and Male Sexual Organs," of the section of the "System of Genito-Urinary Diseases." He has ac- quired an almost world-wide reputation in this special branch of medicine and surgery. JOHN ERASMUS HARPER. A. M., M. D. Dr. John E. Harper, one of the most eminent eye and ear specialists in America, was born in Trigg County. Kentucky, in 1851. His parents soon moved to Evansville, Indiana, where he was brought up. He read medicine under Dr. George B. Walker, of Evans- ville. and then took a full course in the medical de- partment of the University of New York. At gradua- tion h° received first prize for best examination in diseases of the eye and ear. He then took a post- graduate course in the hospitals of London, Paris, and Vienna. On his return, he was made a professor in the medical college of Evansville; but he resigned in 18S2, to accept a professorship of diseases of the eye and ear in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, of Chicago. His conspicuous ability contributed largely to the success of this school. For nine years he was surgeon-in-chief to the eye and ear department of the West Side Free Dispensary, and five years visiting surgeon to the eye and ear department of the Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary. He has also filled the same position in numerous private institutions. He is a member of many of the medical societies, especially those relating to his specialty. He was also editor of the Western Medi- c a 1 WILLIAM T. BELFIELD, M. D. Reporter for fifteen years. SANGER BROWN, M. D. Dr. Sanger Brown was born at Bloom- field. Ontario. February 1 6 , 1852. He lived on a farm until he was twenty- one years old. He then at- tended the Al- bert College University a t Bellville, Ont., where he ma- triculated in arts and civil engineering. He pursued his studies in civil engineering un- til 1877, when he took up the study of medi- cine at the Bellevue Hos- p i t a 1 Medical College. New York City. Af- ter graduation in 1880, he be- came assistant physician on the medical staff of the New York City In- sane Asylum, at Ward's Island. After remaining th j re fifteen months he was appointed assistant physician at the State Hospital fo>- the Insane, at Danvers, Mass., which he resigned after eight months to accept a similar one at Bloomingdale Asylum, where he remained four years. In both positions he was eminently successful. Dr. Brown was married in 1885 to Miss Belle Chris- tie, of Chicago. In the fall of 1886 he went to London and began a series of original investigations in the laboratory of University College with Prof. Schafer, on the brains of monkeys, for the purpose of locating the centers of the various special senses. The results were em- bodied in a paper presented to the Royal Society of London, and published in the philosophical transac- 102 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. tions. (Vol. 179 (1888). B., pp. 303-327. Returning from Europe he settled in Chicago in 1889, where he has since remained in the practice of his pro- fession. In 1890 he was appointed professor of nervous and mental diseases in the Post Graduate Medical School of Chicago, and in 1891 professor of medical jurispru- Chicago. and professor of diseases of the nose, throat and ear of the Illinois Medical College. He is a mem- ber of a great number of medical and other societies. The training Dr. Bishop received during youth, SANGER BROWN, M. D. denee and hygiene in Rush Medical College, both of which positions he still holds. He is attending phy- sician in the neurological departments of the St. Elizabeth and St. Luke's hospitals; a member of most of the local, state and national medical societies, and an active member of the Neurological Society of London. SETH SCOTT BISHOP, M. D.. LL. D. Dr. Seth Scott Bishop was born in Fond du Lac, Wis., February 7, 1852. He took a three years' course at Beloit College, after attending the preliminary and regular courses in the medical department of the University of New York, in the fall and winter of 1871-2. Subsequently he studied under Dr. S. S. Bow- ers, of Fond du Lac, and entered the Chicago Medical College. Here he graduated in 1876 and established himself in practice at Fond du Lac. In the fall of 1879 he removed to Chicago. Dr. Bishop has devoted himself in recent years mainly to one special branch of practice, in which he has carried forward a series of original researches. His contrbutions to medical literature, on those sub- jects, have attracted wide attention from the profes- sion and made a demand for a more extended and for- mal presentation of the results of his studies. In response to that demand. Dr. Bishop has in course of publication a work on "Diseases of the Ear, Nose and Throat," which is to be used as a text book in the medical colleges. Dr. Bishop has been a member of the staff of the South Side Free Dispensary and the West Side Free Dispensary; is surgeon to the Illinois Masonic Or- phan's Home, and the Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary, and consulting surgeon to the Silver Cross Hospital at Joliet. He is professor of otology in the Post Graduate Medical School and Hospital of SETH SCOTT BISHOP, M. D. while serving his time in the printing office of a coun- try newspaper, has naturally inclined him to cultivate journalistic work, in which he has been engaged for a number of years. He is one of the editors of the "Laryngascope," a journal devoted to diseases of the nose, throat and ear. and writes extensively for other journals in this and other countries. ALMON BROOKS, M. D. Dr. Almon Brooks was born at Warren, Ohio, March BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 103 22, 1841. He graduated from the high school at the age of eighteen, and was immediately made professor of mathematics in Thurman Academy, where he con- tinued to pursue his classical and scientific studies. He began the study of medicine at Richmond, Va., but this was interrupted by the war. Subsequently he matriculated at the University of Virginia, from which institution he graduated in 1865, with the degree of doctor of medicine. In 1S66 he married and settled in Memphis, Tenn.. where he was called to contend with the great yellow fever epidemics of 1867 anr 1 1868. True to the demands of his profession he never ies were resumed at Queen's College, Kingston, Can- ada, and after two years graduated with honors. For several years the young doctor practiced in his native village of Lyn. Desiring to perfect himself in one special branch of his profession. Dr. Coleman turned his attention to the department of eye and ear. He spent a year in England at Moorfield's Eye Hospital and the London Hospital, at the close of which he took the degree of M. R. C. S. England. Returning to Can- ada, he settled in Toronto, forming a partnership with Dr. Rosebrugh, an oculist and aurist of established reputation. He soon after was appointed surgeon RESIDENCE OF DR. ALMON BROOKS, 4643 LAKE AVENUE. flinched. He was assigned to one district of the city for the care of the indigent, and faithfully he per- formed his trust. Finding himself broken in health at the close of 1868, he went to Hot Springs, Ark., to recuperate. Here he saw a great field of labor opened up to him, and here he located, spending ten years of uninterrupted labor, after which he removed to Chi- cago. Dr. Brooks has built up a very extensive and lucrative practice. It is strictly confined to office work. He resides in a beautiful home on Lake ave- nue, one of the most pleasing and picturesque in the city. He has made himself a name and fame in the profession and the public of which any man might well be proud. W. FRANKLIN COLEMAN. M. D.. M. R. C. S. Dr. W. Franklin Coleman was born in Brockville. Canada. He began the study of medicine at McCill College, Montreal, where, at the completion of his third year, an attack of typhoid induced him to re- linquish medicine. Two years later his medical stud to the Toronto Eye and Ear Infirmary, which position he held for seven years. With a view of acquiring further knowledge in his specialty. Dr. Coleman went abroad, spending a year in the clinics of Vienna and Heidelberg, under the guidance of Jaeger, Politzer and O'Becker. Upon his return to Canada he selected St. Johns, N. B., as his field for special practice; and here another seven years' service won him a Rachael and goodly wages. But the oculist's ambition out- stripped the confines of this quiet Canadian city; and having, in addition to a large private practice, gained a rich experience from his position as sole oculist and aurist to the Provincial Hospital, he again turned westward and settled in Chicago, where, in a few years, he has earned a good practice and wide reputa- tion. Finding here no school for graduates in medi- cine. Dr. Coleman, after a year of persevering labor, succeeded in organizing the Chicago Policlinic. The management of this institution proving unsatisfactory to himself and some of his colleagues, they established the Post Graduate Medical School of Chicago. Dr. Colt man is a member of the Chicago Opthalmological 104 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. Society, of the Chicago Medical Society, of the Illinois State Medical Society and of the American Medical Association. He is oculist and aurist to the Chicago Charity Hospital, president and oculist to the Post Graduate Hospital, director and professor of ophthal- W. FRANKLIN COLEMAN, M. D. mology in the Post Graduate Medical School of Chi- cago; also examiner of pension claims for eye and ear applicants. HENRY T. BYFORD, M. D. Dr. Henry T. Byford was born in 1S53, at Evans- in Chicago. At eleven, he was sent to school in Ger- many. Three years later he graduated at the high school in Berlin. After one term at the Chicago Uni- versity, he began a course at Williston Seminary, graduating from the scientific department in 1870. He then entered the Chicago Medical College and grad- uated in 1873, valedictorian of his class, at the age of nineteen. Even while a student, he passed an ex- amination and was appointed interne at Mercy Hos- pital. Since his graduation his progress in his pro- fession has been rapid. He was one of the founders of the Post Graduate Medical School, holding the chair of gynaecology. He is professor of gynaecology in the College of Physicians and Surgeons; clinical pro- fessor of gynaecology in the Woman's Medical Col- lege; gynaecologist to St. Luke's Hospital, and sur- geon to the Woman's Hospital. He is an active mem- ber of several medical societies. In addition to his fame as a physician he has a wide renown as an inventor. Many of the now popular surgical operations were devised by him, and in ad- dition to that he possesses a genius for mechanics which has enabled him to turn out a great number of mechanical appliances for use in his profession, of great practical utility. Dr. Byford we.s married November 9, 1882, to Miss Lucy Larned, a woman of rare taste and accomplish- ments. They have four children, two girls and two boys. JOSEPH ELLIOTT COLBURN, M. D. Dr. Joseph Elliott Colburn was born in Massena, St. Lawrence County, N. Y., September 22, 1853. After leaving school he began the study of medicine HENRY T. BY: ville, Ind. He was given ex his father, Dr. W. H. Byford )RD. M. D. ceptional advantages by an eminent practitioner JOSEPH E. COLBURN. M. D. with Dr. Orrin McFadden, at Massena, and afterward entered the Medical College at Albany, in 1873. He graduated in 1877 and began practice as assistant to Dr. Fisher, at Colton, New York. At Dr. Fisher's death Dr. Colburn succeeded to his practice. In time this extended, and he was obliged to transfer his resi- dence to Canton. Here he engaged in the special study of the eye and ear, prosecuting his researches in the New York Charity Hospital. In 1882 he came to Chi- cago on a visit, where he was offered a position as assistant surgeon of the eye department of the Illi- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 105 nois State Eye and Ear Infirmary, which he accepted, and thus became a resident of this city. In Decem- ber of the same year Dr. Colburn was appointed oph- thalmic surgeon to the Central Free Dispensary. In the spring of 18S3 he was elected assistant medical director to the Northwestern Masonic Aid Association, and in 1SS6 he helped to organize the first Post Grad- uate Medical School, the Chicago Policlinic, of which he has been a lecturer since that time. In 1888 he was appointed surgeon of Cook County Hospital, and in 1890 went abroad for observation and study. In 1893 Dr. Colburn's business became so large that he withdrew from the Northwestern Masonic Aid As- sociation, and other outside connections, except the Chicago Policlinic. His contributions to the litera- ture of the profession have been confined almost ex- clusively to the relation of functional nervous dis- eases to the eve. and the errors and maladjustment of the external muscles of the eye; also excentnc poses of the head, due to cross-eyes and like mal-forma- 1 Dr. Colburn is married to Miss Lettie M. Ellis, of Colton, N. Y. DR. CHARLES GILBERT DAVIS. Both the father and mother of this eminent physi- cian and surgeon were professors of the healing art and the father. Dr. George W. Davis, was renowned in Kansas both for his courage and learning. The in- stitutions of learning and practice through which Dr. Davis has passed are many, and include the Christian University of Ottumwa, Kan.; the Cincinnati Eclectic Medical Institute, the Virginia University, the Quar- antine Hospital of St. Louis, the Missouri Medical Col- lege and the International Hospital at Pans, France, wliere he passed six months under the eye of the NATHAN SMITH DAVIS, JR., M. D. Dr. Nathan Smith Davis, Jr., Chicago, 111., son of Nathan S. and Anna M. (Parker) Davis, was born September 5, 1858, at Chicago. 111. After receiving a preliminary education at private schools in Chicago, he attended Northwestern University, from which he received the degree of A. B. in 1880, and A. M. in 1883. He begun the study of medicine with his father, Dr. world-renowned surgeon, Dr. Pean. He has also at- tended the principal clinics of Europe. Dr. Davis founded the National Christian Temperance Hospital of Chicago, and is surgeon-in-chief of the Chicago Bap- tist Hospital. He has occupied his present offices for a quarter of a century, and lives on Prairie avenue, near Twenty-sixth street. He is still in the prime of life, is married, and is the father of two sons ap- proaching manhood. N. S. DAVIS. JR Nathan S. Davis, in 1880; attended three courses of lectures at the Chicago Medical College, and grad- uated in 1883, when he began practice in Chicago, and has continued it since. In 1S85 he took a post-grad- uate course in medicine at Heidelberg, Germany, and Vienna, Austria. Dr. Davis was made associate professor of pathology in Northwestern University Medical College in 1884, and was transferred to the professorship of princi- ples and practice of medicine and of clinical medicine, in the same school, in 1886. He became physician to Mercy Hospital in 1884. He was formerly secretary of the section of practice of medicine in the American Medical Association, member of the council of the section of pathology, Ninth International Medical Congress, and of the council of the section of prac- tice, Pan-American Medical Congress; chairman of the section of practice, Illinois State Medical Society, 1893; trustee of Northwestern University: and mem- ber of the general board of management of the Young Men's Christian Association of Chicago. He is a mem- ber of the American Medical Association, American Academy of Medicine, Illinois State Medical Society, Chicago Medical Society, Chicago Medico-Legal So- ciety, Chicago Academy of Sciences. Illinois State Mi- croscopical Society, Chicago Literary Club, etc. Dr. Davis is the author of numerous contributions to medical literature and of two books: "Consump- tion: How to Prevent It and How to Live with It." intended for physicians and consumptives; also a work on "Diseases of the Lungs. Heart and Kidneys." He married, in 1884, at Madison, Wis., Miss Jessie B., daughter of the late Judge Hopkins. They have two children living. Nathan Smith Davis, third, and Ruth Davis; one child is deceased. 106 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. ALLEN CORSON COWPERTHWAIT, M. D., PH. D., LL. D Allen Corson Cowperthwait was born May 3, 1S48, at Philadelphia, Pa. His father was a dentist, a gen- tleman of liberal culture, a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and noted as a mathematician, being author of a work on the calculus. In his infancy his parents moved to Toulon, 1:1., where he was brought up in a new and undeveloped country. He obtained, by way of schooling, whatever the common country schools could give, to which he added a course, at the Toulon Seminary. He contin- ued his studies, working in the meanwhile at the printer's trade and as book and insurance agent. "Par- son Brownlow's Book,"forwhich he was agent, was one of his successes. I t was a material assistance i n enabling him to sustain himself in his studies. He spent four years at this kind of work, when he began the study of medicine, under Dr. Bacmeister, of Toulon. Af- terward he stud- ied under the celebrated D r. Consta n t i n e Hering, of Phil- adelphia, grad- uating from the Hahn e m a n n Medical College of Philadelphia on March 3, 1869. After re- ceiving his di- ploma he locat- ed for practice at Galva, Henry County, Illinois. Here he re- mained for four years, until he removed to Ne- braska City, Neb. Dr. Cowper- thwait was one of the pioneers in h o m o e o- pathy in Ne- braska ; and it was mainly by his efforts that the homoeopathic physicians of the state were organ- ized into the Nebraska State Homoeopathic Medical Association. It has since become a very flourishing organization. He also contributed extensively to the literature of medicine, soon becoming a recognized au- thority on many subjects. In 1876 his first complete medical work was published. "Insanity in Its Medico- Legal Relations," and in the same year he lectured before the faculty and students of the Central Univer- sity of Iowa, so effectually that the institution con- ferred upon him the degree of doctor of philosophy. In 1S77 he was elected to the chair of mental and nervous diseases in the Hahnemann Medical College ALLEN C. COWPERTHWAIT of Philadelphia; but about the same time he was ten- dered the position of dean and professor of materia medica in the newly organized homoeopathic medical department of the State University of Iowa, which he accepted. This position he held for fifteen years, un- til he removed to Chicago in 1892. Dr. Cowperthwait is the author of several valuable medical works, all of which have met with a large de- mand. In 1880 the first edition of his "Materia Med- ica" appeared, and it has since passed through seven editions, being the most extensively used as a text book of any on that subject published. In 1888 his "Gynaecology" was published and was well received by the profession. In 1885 Shurtleff College, at Alton, 111., conferred upon him the degree of doctor of laws in recognition of his great lit- erary attain- ments, and in 1887 he was elected a fellow of the So- ciety of Sci- ence, Literature and Arts, of London, Eng- land. Dr. Cowper- thwait has been six times ten- dered a chair in the University of Michi gan, and in 1884 he accepted the chair of materia medica and therapeutics in the Homoeo- pathic Medical College of that institution and became dean of the faculty, still retaining h i s connection with the University of Iowa, but at the end of one year he found that the de- mands were too heavy for his endurance and he resigned his Michigan a p- pointment. In 1S92 Dr. Cowperthwait removed to Chi- cago and was at once elected professor of ma- teria medica and therapeutics in the Chicago Homoeopathic Col- lege, which place he still holds. Since coming to Chi- cago he has been honored with many hospital ap- pointments. He is also prominent in all the medical societies to which he belongs. He has held official positions in nearly all of them. He is an active and influential member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, having filled every subordinate position in the lodge. He has been a member of the grand lodges of Illinois. Iowa and Nebraska, and has occupied the highest offices in the grand encampment. The doctor has always been prominent in the ac- tivities of the state and national medical societies BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 10? and is an honorary member of several state associa- tions. He has been president of the state societies of both Iowa and Nebraska. In 1S75 he became a member of the American Institute of Homoeopath> . having attended every meeting since and been closely identified with its work. In 1884 he was chosen to the vice presidency and in 1887 was elected president of the latter body. In religion Dr. Cowperthwait is a Baptist, having been closly identified with the work of that denomina- tion since 1866. Politically he is a Republican. He was married in 1870 to Miss Ida E. Irving, of Osca- loosa, Iowa. One son and a daughter have been the fruit of this union. Professionally Dr. Cowperthwait has made his great- est reputation as a specialist in the success- t u 1 treatment with medicines of the various diseases pecu- liar to women and without the use of the knife, except in pure- 1 y surgical cases, he being unalterably op- posed to the present popular method of oper- ating upon all cases presented for treatment. JAMES HENRY ETHERIDGE. M. D. Dr. James Henry E t h er- idge, who for twenty - five years has occu- pied a leading place, not only in the practice of medicine, but in teaching it, was born i n Johnsville, N. Y., March 20. 1S11. His fath- er, Dr. Francis B. E the ridge. was a physician and surgeon for fort y-s even years. His moth- er was Fanny Easton, of Con- necticut. Hisan- cestry on his father's side, for five generations and on his moth- er's for seven, were English. His father served as surgeon of one of the Minnesota volunteer regiments during the war. He died at Hastings, Minn., in 1871. Dr. James H. Etheridge, the subject of this sketch, early received just as complete a training as the com- mon schools of New York furnished. He had pre- pared himself, and fitted himself to enter the junior class at Harvard, at the time of the breaking out of the war: but that put an end to his aspirations in that direction. He determined to devote his life to medicine, and in this he had the assistance of his father, with whom he took a four year course of read- JAMES II. ETHKRIDUK. XI. 1>. ing and then entered the University of Michigan, where he took a one year course of medicine with his father; attended one course of medicine at the medi- cal department of the University of Michigan and a two years' course at the Rush Medical College, at Chicago. Afterward, from 1869 to 1870, inclusive, he spent in Europe in study at the famous hospitals of of the principal cities. In 1871 Dr. Etheridge returned and began the prac- tice of medicine in Chicago. He was, almost at once, elected as lecturer on materia medica and therapeu- tics in his Alma Mater, the Rush Medical College, which he held for two years, after which he was reg- ularly elected to a professorship, occupying successive- ly the chairs of materia medica, therapeutics, medical jurisprudenc e, gynaecology and obstetrics and gynaecol- ogy. He is one of the gynaecol- ogists of the Pres byt erian Hospital and of the Central Free Dispensa- ry: also of the Chicago P o 1 i- clinic Hospital. He has occu- pied a position on the staff of the Woman's Hospital of the State of Illinois, and for many years was con- nected with the St. Joseph's and St. Luke's Hos- pitals. He is an occasional con- tributor to the medical jour- nals, and a member of the ChicagoMedical Society, the Chi- cago Medico- Legal Society, the Gynaecolog ical Society (of which he was president in 1890), the Illi- nois Society, the In ternat ional Medical Con- gress of Ob- stetricians and Gynaecologists and of the Pan- American Medi- c a 1 Congress. He was president of the Chicago Medical Society in 1887 and of the Chicago Gynaecological Society in 1889. Dr. Etheridge has been a conspicuous figure in the medical world of Chicago for many years. He stands in the very front rank of the practitioners of his day, a broad, liberal minded and progressive man; and with more than ordinary ability in his pro- fession. Dr. Etheridge was married June 20, 1870, to Har- riett Elizabeth Powers, of Evanston, a daughter of Herman G. Powers, of the same place, who was long identified with the banking and commercial inter- 108 UNRIVALED CHICAGO. ests of Chicago. They have two daughters. Dr. Etheridge is a Presbyterian in religion and a repub- lican in politics; but in local matters he cuts loose from party ties and votes for the best men regardless of politics. In personal appearance, Dr. Etheridge is tall and commanding in appearance. He is more than average weight, genial, courteous and refined, popular alike with all who come to know him. He easily wins casual acquaintances and holds those who know him well. JOHN E. GILMAN. M. D. Dr. John E. Gilman, one of Chicago's most illustrious physicians, comes of a long line of ancestry of far more than ordinary ability and at- tainments. In 1638, John Gil- man, an Eng- lishman and a Puritan, came to America and settled at Exe- ter, New Hamp- shire. He was active in colo- nial affairs; and, in 16S0, was one of the royal commis- sioners at the time of the separation o f New Ham p- shire fromMas- sach u setts. Other members of his family have been suc- cessively treas- urer and gover- nor of New Hampshire and leaders in the rev olutionary war. Then we find them serv- ing on the staff of George Washington, as members of the C o n t i nental Congress, i n the house of representatives and in the Uni- ted States sen- ate. Later also we find them in the constitutional convention which framed the Constitution of the United States, at Philadelphia, followed by a long list of authors, doctors, teachers, divines and men famous in the field of science, among them Daniel Coit Gilman, the first president of Johns Hopkins University. Such was Dr. Gilman's ancestry, no prouder which can be found in America. His father was an eminent practitioner who early sought to instill his own en- thusiasm, for his profession, into his son. From a boy he trained him to it, so that he looked forward to it as his life's work. At the time of the great fire, Dr.Gilman had finished JOHN E. GILJIAX. M. D his education at Hahnemann Medical College in Chi- cago; and made for himself a considerable fame, when that fell calamity swept down upon the city. With- out waiting to count the cost — without stopping to consider the laborious exertions which it entailed, or questioning whether or not he would ever be paid for his services — he at once offered those services to the city in the case of the sick and destitute suf- ferers by that calamity. Many a day, for twenty hours out of the twenty-four, he stood to his self- imposed task, ministering to the destitute and suf- fering. He was made, secretary of the Relief and Aid Society, and. in that capacity, served with un- tiring devotion until the emergency was passed. Dr. Gilman was born at Harmar. a suburb of Mari- etta, Ohio, July 24, 1841. As has already been stated, his father was an eminent practi- tioner. During h i s boyhood, John E. used t o accompany his father on his visits; as- sist him in his surgical opera- tions, and in many ways at- tend to the wants of pa- tients. The father died when John was only seventeen years old; but a bent had been given to the young man's i n c 1 inations; and he neglect- ed no opportu- nity to add to the fund of knowledge which he had been acquiring. He placed him- self under the tutelage of his elder brother, at Marietta, O., for one year, after which he studied under Dr. George H a r t w e 1 1 , of Toledo. He finished his medical educa- tion at Hahne- mann Medical College, of Chicago. Since that time he has been in active practice in this city. Dr. Gilman's generous conduct at the time of the great fire has already been partially told. The world does not permit services like that to go unrewarded, and honors have flowed thick and fast for Dr. Gil- man. His private practice increased until it came to be one of the most considerable in the city. Then there came a demand for his services in the training of new candidates for the profession. In 1884 Dr. Gilman was appointed to the chair of physiology, sanitary science and hygiene in Hahnemann: and in 1892 he was elected to that of materia medica and BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 109 therapeutics, which he continues to hold. He is equally gifted as a teacher and lecturer to what he is as a practitioner. He is a frequent contributor to the literature of the profession; and in all his writings he is clear, logical and forceful. Nor are his writings confined to medicine. They cover a wide range of subjects. He is an art critic of recognized merit; and has been identified with the promotion of art in Chicago for many years. He took part in building up the Crosby Opera House Art Gallery; and, for a long time, assisted in editing the Chicago Art Journal. Dr. Gilman was married in 1860 to Miss Mary D. Johnson, also of old Puritan stock. They have one son, a physician of great promise. Thus Dr. Gilman has fulfilled an ideal career as a physician, one full of helpfulness and sympathy for his fellow men and one in which his broad and com- prehensive mind has found ample expression without pain or bitterness to others. He has sought, by lend- ing a helping hand to reduce the sum total of human suffering, rather than to add to it by the oppression of others, and in doing so he has won the esteem both of the profession and the world. ALBERT GOLDSPOHN, M. D. Dr. Albert Goldspohn was born in Dane County, Wisconsin, September 23, 1851. He was always a student, preferring to spend his time in study and work than in the frivolities of his associates. After ALBERT GOLDSPOHN, M. D. passing through the graded schools he served an ap- prenticeship in a drug store for the study of drugs. Here he conceived a fondness for the study of medi- cine; and, after two years, entered the Northwestern College, at Naperville, where he graduated as Bachelor i Science, in 1875. He now entered Rush Medical College and graduated in 1878; and then, as a finish to his professional education, he served eighteen months as Interne in the Cook County Hospital, fol- lowed by a post graduate course of two years in the great European universities of Heidelberg, Wurzburg, Strasburg, Halle and Berlin, giving special study to surgery and gynecology. In 1887, he returned to Chi- cago and entered upon private practice. He became attending gynecologist at the German Hospital and professor of gynecology in the Post Graduate Medical School and Hospital of Chicago. Dr. Goldspohn is a member of a number of local, national and international medical societies. He is a frequent contributor to the literature of his profession. Dr. Goldspohn married Miss Victoria E. Escher for his first wife, who died in June, 1885. He is now mar- ried to Miss Cornelia E. Walz, of Stuttgart, Germany. LEMUEL CONAUT GROSVENOR, M. D. Dr. Lemuel Conaut Grosvenor is the eldest son of Deacon Silas N. and Mary A. (Conaut) Grosvenor. He was born at Paxton, Massachusetts, in 1833. His father was a leading business man of that place. From his early boyhood, Lemuel had a strong inclina- tion to medicine, as a profession; but it was not until he began to prosecute his higher studies that he finally determined upon it. Before he was thirteen years of age he attended the Williston Seminary, at East Hampton, Mass., but removed with his parents to Worcester, in 1S44, where he entered the High School of that city, remaining four years. Here he took an active part in all the social and literary movements among the students. He cul- tivated a taste for public speaking and joined actively in their debates. All this had an important bearing upon his subsequent career. When he was seventeen years old his parents removed to Sauk County, Wis- consin. His first winter in Wisconsin he spent teach- ing school at West Point, Columbia County, where he made a great success. It was an ordinary country school where the teacher was required to "board round." For this winter's work he received $60 in gold, which seemed to him a fortune. He determined to spend it in perfecting his education. With his father's consent, he set out to do this and make his way in the world. With his little personal belongings he walked 100 miles to Milwaukee, and journeyed thence to his old home at Worcester, Mass. Here he re-entered the High School: taking post graduate studies, especially mathematics; supporting himself by work and supplementing that by teaching an evening school. He afterward taught at Scituate, Rutland and South Hingham. After two years he was made head master of the old Mather School in Dorchester, the oldest free school in America. Here he remained seven years, during three of w> miss this golden opportunity of your life. Send at Once for a -^ re niedy sent out strictly on its merits. It speaks for itself from the date of the first dose until a permanent cure Free Trial Box of the is effected ^Z IT - ^ . T . , , „ *-*»* SOUTH BEIND REMEDY CO., Magnolia Dyspepsia Tablets," „ . „ „ ' Bo\ A, South Bend, Indiana. The Progressive Mans Ideal. Duplex Cppeiuriter Medal and Diploma at World's Fair. Gold Medal and Diploma of Honor at Atlanta Exposition. FASTEST IN THE WORLD. Has a complete alphabet for eacq qaqd. Coqtiquously prints two letters of a word tqe same iqstaqt aqd as quickly as oqe letter caq be pnqted oq otqer writing rqacqines. Responds v itq perfect work to a speed of twenty letters per secoqd. Double Speed.... Double Humility "»'"t to l earn and operate. The Jewett Typewriter ' ";; h •emu I Kc\ '-Boa rd. I 'err Prompt and J:asy Action. A Powerful Manifolder Specially adapted to Telegraph and General Office Work where the greater speed of the Duplex is not required. A delightful machine .<■ operate. Write for Circulars. Manufactured by Duplex Typewriter Co.. DES MOINES, IOWA. General Agents Wanted. CHICAGO OFFICE I Howard, Vowell & Golding, 149 MONROE STREET. L. A. MELZE, M.D.. D.D.S., * & SONS # * Superior Dental Parlors PAINLESS AND HIGH-CLASS DENTISTRY. BY OUR NEW METHOD WE PRACTICE PAINLESS DENTISTRY DENIAL CROWN AND BRIDGE WORK OUR SPECIALTY. DR. MELZE, SR., or one of his sons, personally attend to each patient, and by reason of their superior ability they produce the greatest possible result in all of these operations WITHOUT PAIN. NO PAIN. NO GAS. Painless Extraction .... 50 cts. Set of Teeth on Rubber . . $5.00 .?>^ ^SS» Best Set 8.00 Gold fillings $1.00 up Silver and Cement Fillings, 50 cts. 22-Carat Gold Crowns . . . $5.00 NO CHARGES FOR PAINLESS EXTRACTURE WHEN TEETH ARE ORDERED. Come in the morning and have your teeth extracted, and we will send you home same evening, with a perfect filling and elegant temporary set of teeth, without any extra charge. OPEN TILL 9.QO P. M. SUNDA YS, 4.QO P. M. LADY IN ATTENDANCE. 'PHONE, 1596 MAIN. Superior Dental Parlors, Inter Ocean Bldg., 2d Floor, 209-I0-II, Cor. Madison and Dearborn Sts. Standard ESTABLISHED 1890 Detective Agency ° PEN DAY AND IGHT w -^ »- JiL 7\ *i A «* 40, 42, and 44 North Clark Street, Suites 5, 6, and 7, Chicago, 111. Telephone, North 182. SERVICE Reliable service rendered in any part of the world. Civd and criminal cases attended to. Searches for missing people instituted. Habits of employes and members of family ascertained. Lost and stolen property recovered. Shadowing a specialty. Guides, watchmen, and custodians furnished. Confidential, reliable, and reasonable. A. L. STANDARD, General Manager. Glay, Robinson and oompany. Send for the Live Stock Report IF rOU WISH TO BE KEPT RELIABLY POSTED. U i> Eree, upon application, to any one asking for it who is interested in the live stock businessin anv country Live Stock Commission STOCK YARDS. Chicago, HI. Kansas City, Mo. South Omaha, Neb. Denver, Colo. Salt Lake City, Utah A. E. dk RICQLES. Representative. FRANK! SEARS, Representative. YOUR CONSIGNMENTS SOLICITED TO ALL OE THE ABOVE POINTS. WRITE US FOR ANY MARKET INFORMATION. DEXXEHY'S OLD UNDEROOF Pure Rye Whiskey The Hierhest Grade Old and Mellow CHICAGO, ILL. # m m & m B B B • m b m m m b m m m b B m B B B B B B B B B B B B Monarch On the highways and byways of this great land The cyclers are everywhere seen. And each one will wager, when brought to a stand That he rides the finest machine. But for beautiful strength and symmetrical grace, Hark f how the loud praises ring Over hills, through the valleys, as onward they race- The MONARCH! The MONARCH is KING! # i i B & m i m m m m i i FOUR STYLES, $85 & $100 I f Monarch Cycle Mfg. Co., n m FACTORY. ( Retail Salesroom, 280 Wabash Avenue, Ji Lake, Halsted, and j BLISS & LUMSDEN, Managers. W Fulton Streets. . % -ft. »*4"J"' * vfs&te* ** * »*££'• v^te''^ * : /\ \i|l : /\ *°Wwj sx l $g?j /\ IIP*- /v it ^d* V*" *bV" 4?^ • • » • A ^ . O, *o*. T * A :^-y v^v v^v V^V v ^ y,-A-i;./^ .^^kr.V ^*.:i*.X -*.***>♦ * ^ W <&> A ♦ * 4fs&kS **££•* / * AT 7>v • A <",. -• •i\ *'TVi' ,G ,0* ,' l A!* "'o, A* > ^ y :'£&: \/ •&& %s -W&-- \ / tiNfc- » i HECKMAN BINDERY INC. DEC i M N. MANCHESTER, INDIANA 46962