/o IVtSt^A^ TEEEITOEIAL EXPANSIOE" OF THE UNITED STATES. /-ir ^3/ THE ADDITIONS MADE TO THE TERRITORY OF THE THIRTEEN COLONIES AND ITS TRANSFORMATION INTO TERRITORIES AND STATES. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE ADDITIONS WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI EIVER AND PRESENT CONDITIONS IN THAT AREA. 969 ■H54 TERRITORIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES, The ai^proaclimg centennial celebration of the Louisiana Purchase, to be followed by a similar recognition of the great exploring expedition which resulted in extending the control of the United States to the Pacific coast at the northwest, suggests the presentation of some data showing the variou-i additions to the original territory of the United States, and the steps by which all of its area has been transformed into the present political divisions which form the United States of America. There have been twelve additions to the original territory of the Union, including Alaska, the Hawaiian, Philippine, and Samoaii islands and Guam, in the Pacific, and Porto Rico and Pine Island, in the West Indies; and the total area of the United States, including the noncontiguous territory, is now fully five times that of the original thirteen colonies. The series of maps which follow show each of these additions to the original territory, also the steps by which the original territorj' and that added at the various dates were trans- formed first into Territories and then into the States as they now exist. In attempting to present to the eye by a series of maps a chronological history of the transition from the original territory of about 700,000 square miles to the present area of 3,770,954 square miles, and from the thirteen original colonies to more than fifty pohtical divisions, only the important steps can be presented, and many comparatively imimportant changes in boundary lines must necessarily be omitted. The maps which follow show in outline the territory claimed by the thirteen colonies at the beginning of the war of the Revolution; the additional territory included within the boundaries agreed upon between the united colonies and Great Britain at the close of that war; the cession of a part of the territory of the colonies to the common union; the additions to this common territory made by the Louisiana, the Florida, the Mexican, and the Gadsden purchases, the Texas annexation, the settlement of the Oregon claim, the Alaska purchase, and the more recent additions of noncontiguous territory, and, chronologically, the transition of these various areas into the States and Territories now existing. It is proper to add that the boundaries claimed by the various colonies prior to and at the close of the war of the Revolution frequently intersected and overlapped each other, so that certain areas, especially in the Ohio Valley, were claimed by more than one of the colonies. It was largely due to these conflicting claims that the colonies decided to obviate the possibility of discord and internal conflict by mutually ceding to the common union that part of the territory in which these conflicting boundary lines overlapped each other. It has not been practicable, in presenting in the first map of the series the outline of the thirteen colonies, to show all of these conflicting boundary lines, but only to indicate those most generally accepted. Nor has it been practicable to determine accurately the area of the original thirteen colonies. The census of 1790 gave tlie total area at that time at 827,8-14 square miles, but this included the area added to the original territory of the thirteen colonies by the treaty of 1783, in which Great Britain ceded to them certain territory at the Northwest and Southwest not originally within their boundaries, but which they then claimed by possession and otherwise, at the termination Of the war of the Revolution. The additions to the territory of the United States subsequent to the peace treaty with Great Britain of 1783 are shown by the following table, prepared by the General Land Office of the Interior Department: Additions to the Tereitoey of the United States from 1800 to 1900. TERRITORIAL DIVISION. Year. Area added. Purchase price. Louisiana purchase 1803 1819 1845 1846 1848 1850 1853 1867 1897 1898 1898 1898 1899 1899 1901 Square miles. 875,025 70,107 389, 795 288,689 523,802 (=) 86,211 599, 446 6,740 3,600 882 175 113,000 73 68 Dollars. 15, 000, 000 '6,489,763 Florida Te.xas Oregon Territory 2 18,250,666 10,000,000 10,000,000 7,200,000 Purcliase from Texas Gadsden purchase Alaska Pine Islands (West Indies) Guam 20,000,000 Samoan Islands Additional Philippines 100, 000 Total 2, 937, 613 87,009,768 'Includes interest payments. ''OE which S3,250,000 was in payment of claims of American citizens asrainst Mexico. ^ Area purchased from Tc-Kas amounting to 123,781 square miles is not fnoUukMi in the column of area added, because it became a part of the area of the United States with the admission of Texas. 971 972 TEEEITOEIAL EXPANSION OP THE UNITED STATES. [SeI'TE.MBER, Tlie following table, published by the United States Census Office in May, 1901, shows the gross area and population of the United States at each of the decennial censuses from 1790 to 1900, exclusive of all noncontiguous territory. Akea and Population of the United States. YEARS. Area. Population. 1790 Square viiles. 827, 844 827,844 1,999.775 2,0.59,043 2, 069, 043 2,059,043 2, 9S0, 9.59 3,025.600 3, 025, 600 3,025,600 3, 025, 600 3,025,600 3,929,214 5,308,483 7,239,881 9,633,822 12,866,020 17,069.4.53 23,191,876 31,443,321 38, .568, 371 50,1.55,783 62, 622, 250 75,695,379 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 I860 1870 1880 1890 1900 OUTLHsTE HISTOET OF THE LOITISIAI^A PURCHASE ; ITS DEVELOPMEIiT INTO TEREITORIES AND STATES, AIS'D ITS PRESENT AND EELATIYE VALUE AS A PRODUCING SECTION. SPANISH EXPLORATION. The earliest record of the acquaintance of the white man with the mouth of the Mississippi is the visit of Alvarez de Pineda and hia cfunpanions in 1.519, who, it is said, entered the mouth of the Mississippi and spent six weeks on its banks. Ten years later, De Narvacz touched at the mouth of the !\Iississippi, and in 1541 De Soto crossed the Mississippi at a considerable distance above its mouth, and, afier further wanderings, perished on its bank near the mouth of the Arkansas, his followers, after considerable delay, passing down the stream and arriving at its mouth July 18, 1543, turning westward along the shores of the Gulf of Mexico and ending the record of Spanish exploration of the Mississippi. FRENCH EXPLORATION AND OCCUPATION. The French exploration of the Mississippi Valley in the following century was from the north, where explorers from their Canadian settlements moved down the Mississippi; Ijut it was not until April 7, 1682, that the first party of explorers, headed by Eobert Cavalier de la Salle, reached the mouth of the ^Mississippi, and on April 9 erected a column and took possession of the country, affixing to the column the arms of France with this inscription: "Louis le Grand, Koi de France et de Navarre, regne; le neuvieme Avril, 1662." La Salle and his followers returned northward shortly, but three years later Henri de Tonty, who had accompanied him, again visited this spot and replanted further from the banks of the stream the column which had been thrown down by driftwood. In 1698 Louis XIV fitted out an expedition to colonize Louisiana, with Capt. Pierre le I\Ioyne d'Iberville in command. It arrived at the mouth of the Mi.-isissippi early in 1699, and built a fort and established the first permanent colony on the eastern side of the mouth of Biloxi Bay, communication being maintained at long intervals between this post and the French colonies in Canada. In 1712 the first regular charter for the government of Louisiana was granted to Antoine Crozat, whose efforts to establish a settle- ment and develop the comitry soon proved unsatisfactory and 5vere abandoned in 1718. Another cb.arter was immediately granted to John Law, whose operations seem to have been less disadvantageous to the Louisiana colony than to those of France who became interested in his operations, as William Preston Johnston says that the privilege granted him " finally inured to the benefit of the colony," while other writers indicate that the colony flourished during at least a part of the control of his Mississippi, or West India Company. FOUNDING OF NEW ORLEANS. In 1717 Jean Baptiste de Bien\'ille selected the tract whereon New Orleans now stands as a site for an agricultural and commercial settlement, and in the year following, being appointed governor, sent his chief engineers with a force of 80 convicts lately arrived from the iirisons of France, to clear the land and trace out the plan of a town, which he named Nouveau Orleans in honor of Orleans, then duke of France. From that time until 1722 it was maintained only as a small military trading post, but in August, 1733, it was made the official quarters of the governor of the colony. BOUNDARY BETWEEN THE ENGLISH AND FRENCH FIXED AT THE MISSISSIPPI. The seven years' war in which France and Great Britain contended for the final possession of this continent terminated with the definitive treaty of Paris signed in 1763, which fixed the western boundary of the British possessions along the middle of the Mississippi River from its source down to the Iberville, and thence down the center of that river or bayou and through lakes Mam'epas and Pontchartrain to the Mexican Gulf. 1901.] TEEEITOBIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 973 i^V-, ■^"i. v^ \ No. 1. — 17iC. Area of the TniRTEEX Coloxies at Date of Revolution. •v. No. 2. —1783. Showing Addition by Peace Treaty of 1783 on the Northwest and Southwest. 974 TEEEITOEIAl EXPAI^SIOX OP THE UNITED STATES. [September, FRANCE CEDES LOUISIANA TO SPAIN. The Louisiana Territory was ceded by France to Sjiain by a secret treaty on November 3, 1762, which, however, was not made public until 1703, and in 1764 the director-general of Louisiana was directed to acquaint the inhabitants of that pro'vince with the act of cession and to turn over the government to the oiiicers of Spain when they should arrive to receive it. The motive of this cession, according to AVallace, "appears to have been to indemnify Spain for her expenses in the war then just closed, and to prevent Louisiana from falling into the hands of Great Britain." He adds, however, that, "moreover, the province had become a burden to the French Government, of which it was anxious to be disencumbered. It has been computed that France, in her prolonged attempt to colonize Louisiana, exjiended directly or indirectly nearly $20,000,000, without receiving any proportionate return." SPANISH OCCUPATION. The Spanish governor, Antonio de Ulloa, arrived at New Orleans March 5, 1766, but his restrictions upon commerce of French citizens with France created such dissatisfaction that a convention of planters on October 28, 1768, passed resolutions praying for a restoration of their former privileges and the expulsion of the Spaniards, and on the passage by the council of a decree requiring the Spanish troops to leave the colony within three days, Ulloa and hia troops immediately embarked for Spain. He was succeeded, however, by another Spanish governor, who brought the colony under complete Spanish control. DIFFICULTIES REGARDING FREE NAVIGATION OF THE MISSISSIPPI. During the occupancy of the territory by Spain, American colonists experienced much difliculty in maintaining the right of free navigation of the JMississippi, and the opposition of Spain was so great that in 1786 the Congress of the Confederation, by a vote of 7 to 5, agreeling act was passed for the admission of Iowa as a State, its northern boundary being somewhat farther north than at present and its western boundary an arbitrary line running due north and ■ south, excluding all that portion fronting upon the Missouri Eiver and including in the then hmits of Iowa about two-thirds of the eastern portion of the State as at present defined. This, however, was not accepted, and in 1846 another enabling act was passed by which the western boundary was extended to the Missouri River and the present northern boundary established. 1849. Territory of Minnesota organized, comprising the area of the present State of Minnesota and that part of North and South Dakota lying east of the Missouri Kiver. In 1858 Minnesota was admitted as a State and the western portion of the territory not included in the State was in 1861 combined with a part of Nebraska and organized as the Territory of Dakota. The State of Minnesota also includes about 52,319 square miles of the area of the original thirteen States. 1854. Territory of Kansas organized, with practically its present boundaries, except that its western Hmit extended to the summit of the Rocky Mountains and included a part of the present State of Colorado. In 1861 Kansas was admitted as a State, and the western boundary line changed to its present location. 1854. Territory of Nebraska formed, with its southern line identical with the southern line of the present State of Nebraska, but extending westward to the Rocky Jilountains, the Territory thus including all that area between the southern Ime above described and Canada on the north, the Missouri River on the east, and the Rocky Mountains on the west. The northern portion of this area was designated in 1861 as the Territory of Dakota, and in the same year the formation of the Territory of Colorado removed a section from the southwestern portion of the area then designated as Nebraska, while in the formation of the Territory of Idaho in 1863 the western boundary of Nebraska was fixed at about its present location. Admitted as a State March 1, 1867. 1861. Territory of Dakota organized from parts of Nebraska and IMiunesota Territories. Its eastern boundary was practically identical with that now separating the State of Minnesota from North and South Dakota, and its southern boundary identical with that separating Nebraska from South Dakota, and extending westward to the summit of the Rocky Mountains, and thence northward to the Canadian line. In 1863 the western portion of Dakota was transferred to the Territory of Idaho, and in 1889 the boundary between North and South Dakota was named, and the two sections severally admitted as States. 1901.] TEEEITOELAL EXPAJ>fSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 977 No. 5.— 1800. "Terkitoky Nokthwest of the Ohio" Divided and the Western Pakt Okganized as "Indiana Territory." No. 6. — 1802-1804. Ohio Admitted as a State and the Eemainder op the Territory Northwest of the Ohio Attached to Indiana Territory (1802).— Georgia Cedes Her Western Territory to the Union (1802), and this Abea and the Unoh- GANIZED TeKRITOKY SoUTH OP TENNESSEE WERE INCORPORATED WITH MISSISSIPPI TERRITORY (1804). 978 TEEEITOEIAl, EXPAl^SION OF THE UNITED STATES. [September, 1861. Territory of Colorado organized boundaries identical with those of the present State of Colorado, being made up from portions of Idaho, Utah, New Mexico, Kansas and Nebraska, the northeastern section being taken from the Louisiajia purchase, the central and southeastern portion from the Texas annexation, and all of the remainder from the Mexican cession. 1863. Territory of Idaho, formed from parts of Nebraska, Dak(.)ta, and Wasliington Territories, and included, Isesides the present State of Idaho, all of the territory now known as Montana and Wyoming. Its boundaries were, therefore, Dakota and Nebraska on the east, Colorado, Utah, and Nevada on the south, Oregon and Washington on the west, and Canada on the north, the portion east of the Rocky Mountains being taken from the Louisiana pui'chase, and that West of the Rocky filountains from the Territory of Oregon. 1864. IMontana Territory was formed fi-om the northeastern portion of Idaho Territory. 1868. Wyoming Territory formed from the southeastern part of the Idaho Territory; in 1890 Idaho and Wyoming admitted as States. Wyoming has the unique distinction of being the only State which contains within its boundaries territory originally included in four different additions to the territory of the United States, viz, parts of the Louisiana purchase, the Texas Territory ceded to the United State.s, the Mexican cession, and the Oregon Territory. • AREA, POPULATION, AND PRODUCTION. The land area of the Louisiana purchase exceeds that of the original thirteen States, being 864,944 square miles, against a total land area of 820,944 square miles in the original thirteen States. The States and Territories which have licen created in whole or in part from its area number fourteen, and their pojjulation in 1900 was 14,708,616, against a population of less than 100,000 in the tenitory at the time of its purchase. Their total area is nearly one-third that of the entire LTnion, and their population about one-fifth that of the entire United States. They produced in 1890 164,000,000 bushels of wheat, and m 1900 264,000,000 bushels, at a value in 1900 of 1152,000,000, their total wheat production being over 50 per cent of that of the entire United States. They produced 603,000,000 bushels of corn in 1890 and 1,013,000,000 bushels in 1900, with a value in 1900 of $314,000,000, their total corn crop forming in 1890 40 per cent and in 1900 48 per cent of the total corn crop of the United States. Of oats they produced in 1900 311,000,000 bushels, or 38 per cent of the total product of the coimtry, with a valuation of $71,000,000. Their production of barley in 1900 was valued at over §10,000,000, and of rye at over $2,000,000; while their production of potatoes in 1900 amounted to over ?25,000,000, of hay $130,000,000, and of cotton ?50,000,000. The total value of the agricultui-al products of the States formed from the Louisiana purchase, including in that category simply wheat, corn, oats, barley, rye, hay, potatoes, and cotton, was in 1890 5670,000,000 and in 1900 §755,000,000. The wool product of these States amounted in 1894 to 61,871,357 pounds, and in 1900 to 100,390,982 pounds, or 35 per cent of the total wool product of the United States, with an estimated value of about $15,000,000, or equal to the cost of the entire area. The value of the farm animals in these States in 1890 was 1772,000,000, and in 1900 $825,000,000. Add to these easily measured farm products the estimated value of the wool, the sugar, the dairy and poultry products, and the proportion of the live stock annually turned into provisions, and it may be safely estimated that the agricultural products of a single year amount to one hundred times the original cost of the area; or, in other words, that its cost is repaid by 1 per cent of the agricultural productions of each recurring year. MINERAL WEALTH. The product of the mines is also of very great value. The coal produced in this area in 1899 amounted to 22,000,000 tons, against 14,000,000 tons in 1890; the iron ore to 8,491,000 tons in 1900, against 1,269,000 tons in 1890; the silver product of 1899, $50,300,768 in coining value, against $44,799,998 in 1890, and gold, $37,712,400 in 1899, against $10,650,000 in 1890. BANKING STATISTICS. The prosperity shown by these figures is further evidenced by the banking institutions of the States formed from this territory. Their capital stock amounted in 1900 to over $80,000,000; their circulation to $36,600,000, against $15,644,000 in 1890; their loans and discomits in 1900 to $317,563,000, agamst $269,016,000 in 1890, and their total resources in 1900 to $1,099,111,000, against $746,903,000 in 1890, while a still more gratifying evidence of the prosperity of this section is the fact that individual deposits in national banks in 1900 amounted to $329,699,000, against $216,609,000 in 1890, an increase of more than $110,000,000 in individual deposits dm-ing the decade. EDUCATIONAL CONDITIONS. A study of educational conditions shows equally rapid and gratifying development. The pupils enrolled in the public schools in the States in question in 1890 numbered 2,580,495, and in 1899, 3,161,112; the teachers employed numbered, in 1890, 89,558, and in 1899, 102,202, and the expenditure for public schools in 1890 was $30,284,752, and in 1899, $37,185,881. The number of pupils in attendance at high schools in 1899 was 113,847, with 4,937 teachers; normal schools, 15,843 students, with 625 teachers, and at higher educational institutions, 40,249 students, and 3,925 teachers. The total figures for schools and educational institutions in the fourteen States formed from the Louisiana purchase show: Teachers, in 1890, 95,365; in 1899, 111,689; attendance, in 1890, 2,670,541; m 1899, 3,331,051. NEWSPAPERS, POST-OFFICES, AND RAILW^AYS. The number of newspapers and periodicals published in this area in 1890 was 4,759, and in 1900, 5,618; the number of post-offices in 1890, 12,919; in 1900, 16,228; the miles of railway in operation in 1890 numbered 51,823, and in 1899, 59,324, or 31 per cent of the total railway mileage of the country. FUTURE POSSIBILITIES CONSIDERED. The powet of this vast area with its agricultural and mineral wealth to sustain a population much greater than that which it now supports is su^ested by a comparison of its area with the area and population of the prosperous countries of Europe. The total area is 875,025 square miles and is slightly less than that of the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, France, Spain, Italy, and Switzerland, whose total area is 885,978; with a present poimlation of 202,363,573, as against a present population of 14,708,616 in the territory under consideration, whose agricultural and mineral possibilities fully equal those of the European States named. 1901.] TEEEITOEIAL EXPAISSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 979 No. 7. — 1803. Louisiana Pdechase Added to the Terkitoby op the United States, more than DotTBLiNO its Land Area. No. 8. — 1804. Territory of Orleans Formed from Southern Part of the Louisiana Purchase and the Remainder Designated as Louisiana District. 980 TEEEITOEIAL EXPANSION OP THE UNITED STATES. [September, HISTORICAIj sketch of the state of TEXAS. The Erench and Spanish contended for the territory now known as Texas in the early period of its history. The little city of Yaleta, located on the Rio Grande near El Paso, claims to be the site of a mission built by Coronado iu 1540, twenty-five years earlier than the founding of St. Augustine. Aside from this, the first recorded attempt to establish a settlement within the present limits of the State was that of La Salle, who, in 1685, conducted a colony of French emigrants from France with the purpose of establishing a settlement at the mouth of the Jlississippi, but sailing past it unawares landed in Matagorda Bay and erected Fort St. Louis on the Lavaca. In 1689 a Spanish officer, Captain De Leon, was sent to drive the French out of the country, but on arrival found the garrison already scattered, and in the following year established the mission of San Francisco on the site of Fort St. Louis. A Spanish governor was appointed in 1691, but the settlement was soon abandoned. In 1714 the French again attempted to settle the country through an expedition sent from Louisiana by Crozat, to whom all of Louisiana had been granted in 1712. His exiaedition was, however, captured by the Spanish, and for twenty years following the Span- iards held control, giving to the country the name of "The New Philippines," the Philippines of the Orient having been then for more than a century under their control. In 1735 a French settlement was established beyond the Red River, and the Spaniards finally conceded the French a right to that region. In 1762 the cession of Louisiana by France to Spain terminated the contest between the French and Spanish for control of this territory, which, however, was renewed between the Americans and the Spanish on the cession of the Louisiana territory to the United States. Spain claimed not only all of the present State of Texas, but territory east of the Sabine River, while the United States claimed title as far as the Rio Grande. From 1806 to 1819 the question was undetermined, and this period was marked by numerous invasions or attempted invasions by parties of Americans, beginning with the projected movement of Aaron Burr and including the engagement at San Antonio in 181.3, in which all but 100 of a force of 2,500 Americans and Mexicans were slain, and nearly 700 of the peaceable inhabitants of San Antonio murdered. In 1819 the boundary between Texas and the United States was fixed at the Sabine River. In 1820 Moses Austin, who was then residing in JNIissouri, received a grant of land in Texas from the Spanish authorities of Mexico, and his son, Stephen F. Austin, conducted a colony to a point near the present city of Austin, and this was soon followed by other colonies. In 1824 Texas and the province of Coahuila were established as a Mexican State and a Mexican commandant placed in charge. His treatment of American citizens created great dissatisfaction, and in 1833 the American settlers, who at that time numbered fully 20,000, held a convention, prepared a State constitution, and sent Col. S. F. Austin to the city of Mexico to request that Texas be established as a separate State of the Mexican Republic. He was detained until 1835 and Mexican troops sent to occupy the territory. Several engagements occurred during 1835 in which the Texans were successful, and in November, 1835, a provisional government was formed, Henry Smith elected governor, Sam Houston commander in chief, and S. F. Austin a commissioner to the United States. On December 22 a declaration of independence was issued. Santa Anna, then President of the Mexican Republic, entered the State at the head of 7,500 men, suppressed the revolt, and during this period occurred the storming of the Alamo, a fort near San Antonio and the slaughter of its garrison numbering 172 men, who on its capture after eleven days' siege by 4,000 Mexicans, were all slaughtered except 3 persons — a woman, a child, and a servant — the Mexican loss during the siege being 1,600. General Houston, in command of the Texan troops, finally succeeded in defeating the Mexican forces and captured Santa Anna, ending the war; and in September, 1836, Houston was elected president, and on October 22 inaugurated. In March, 1837, the United States acknowledged the independence of Texas, and similar action was taken by France in 1839, and by England, Belgium, and Netherlands in 1840. In August, 1837, according to A. Johnston (p. 97, Vol. I, of Lalor's Cyclopedia of Political Economy and United States History) , the minister of the Republic of Texas made application to the Executive for membership in the United States, but the proposition to that effect introduced in the Senate by Preston of South Carolina was tabled by a vote of 24 to 14: In 1843 President Tyler, according to the American Cyclopa;dia (vol. 15, pages 405, 678), made propositions to the president of Texas for its annexation to the United States, and a treaty to that effect was framed on April 12, 1844, and submitted to the Senate, but rejected June 8. In January, 1845, the United States House of Representatives, by a vote of 120 to 98, passed a resolution providing for the annexa- tion of Texas, and after long discussion it passed the Senate by a vote of 27 to 25 and on March 1 was approved by President Tyler, three days before the close of his term, and a representative sent to Texas to submit the proposition. A convention, called by the presi- dent of Texas approved the proposition for annexation (July 4, 1845) and prepared a State constitution, which was approved by popular vote, and on December 29, 1845, a joint resolution of Congress declared Texas admitted into the Union as a State. The boundaries of Texas as admitted differ materially from those forming the present limits of the State, having included the eastern half of the present Territory of New Mexico, the central portion of the present State of Colorado, and a small section in the present States of Wyoming and Kansas. In 1850 Texas ceded to the United States that portion of its territory outside its present State lines and was paid ^10,000,000 in bonds, which sum was applied to the payment of the State debt. Provision for the division of Texas into five States was made by the joint resolution of Congress by which Texas was admitted. It provided that "new States of convenient size, not exceeding four in number in addition to the said State of Texas, and having suflicient population, may hereafter, by consent of said State, be formed out of the territory thereof, which shall be entitled to admission under the provisions of the Federal Constitution." Of this Alexander Johnston, the historian, says: "It is now practically impossible to obtain any such consent from the State, and its size must remain imdiminished until the development of separate interests within it shall produce a division naturally." Apropos to this suggestion, it may be said that the present area of Texas is about 50 per cent greater than that of Ohio, Illinois, Kentucky, and Tennessee combined, and is nearly equal to the combined area of Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. It could retain its present distinction of being the largest State of the Union and yet spare sufficient territory to make four States equal in size to the group known as the Middle States — New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware — whose combined population is 15,638,531. The present area of the State exceeds that of England and Germany, whose combined population is now over 85,000,000. 1001.] TEEEITOEIAL EXPAJ^SION OF THE TINITED STATES. 981 No. 9. — 1805. Michigan Terkitory Formed from Northeastern Part of Indiana Territory. No. 10. — 1809. Indiana Territory Divided and Western Portio.v called Illinois Territory. 982 TEERITOEIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. [September, RECENT GROWTH. The recent development of the State of Texas is suggested by the fact that its population increased from 2,235,523 in 1S90 to 3,048,710 in 1900; its com production, from G3,S02,000 bushels in 1890 to 81,083,000 bushels in 1900; its oats, from 11,059,000 bushels in 1890 to 28,278,000 bushels in 1900. The value of its cotton crop increased from $67,761,000 in 1888 to $92,187,000 in 1899, ami the value of its farm i-)roducts, including wheat, corn, oats, barley, rye, hay, potatoes, and cotton, increased from ^128,988,465 in 1890 to $158,785,414 in 1900, wliile the value of its cattle increased from "f;75,227,000 in 1890 to $95,255,000 in 1900. Tlie number of national banks in the State increased from 189 in 1890 to 223 in 1900; their circulation, from $3,821,000 in 1890 to $7,177,000 in 1900; their loans and discounts, from $48,814,000 to $56,453,000; their total resources, from $83,099,000 to $103,418,000, and their individual depo.sits, from $30,450,000 in 1890 to $49,749,000 in 1900. The number of pupils enrolled in the public schools in 1890 was 466,872, and by 1899 had increased to 552,503. The number of teachers in the public schools in 1890 was 10,880, and in 1899 was 14,989. The total expenditure tor public schools in 1800 was $3,178,300, and in 1899, $4,476,457; and the attendance at schools of all classes, including public schools, high and normal schools, and higher educational institutions, was in 1890, 476,992, and in 1899, 576,329. The number of post-officea during the decade increased from 2,139 to 3,011; the number of newspapers and periodicals, from 542 to 794, and the miles of railway in operation, from 8,710 in 1890 to 9,722 in 1899. • THE MEXICAN CESSION. The first historical account of the visit of the white man to the great area north of the Eio Grande formerly known as New ]Mexico is that of the wanderings of Cabeza de Vaca, who accompanied De Narvaez to Florida in 1528, and after the movement of de Narvaez and party westward along the Gulf coast and the subsequent death of de Narvaez and some of his party, made his way with the few remaining followers across the continent, reaching San Miguel in Sonora in May, 1536. His accounts of the trip led to the exploration of the country in question, subsequently called, respectively, New Mexico and California. In 1539 Marcos de Niza visited the country, and in the following year Coronado crossed the country north of the Gila eastward beyond the Eio Grande among the Pueblo Indians, who then occupied the country, and they were followed by others. Toward the close of the century Juan de Ofiate was sent by the viceroy of I\Iexico to take formal possession of the country in the name of Spain and establish colonies, missions, and f'jrts. This date ia variously stated at from 1595 to 1599. IMissions were established, mines opened and worked, and the enterprise flourished until the Indians rebelled against enslavement, and in 1680 drove the Spaniards out. In 1698 the Spaniards regained possession of the country, and it remained a province or State of Mexico until 1846. The annexation of Texas in 1845 was quickly followed by war with Mexico, the direct cause being a disagreement as to whether the Nueces Elver or the Eio Grande formed the true boundary between Texas and Mexico, the Mexican Government claiming all territory south of the Nueces, and the United States claiming the territory between the Nueces and the Eio Grande. War with Mexico was declared in May, 1846. Immediately following this declaration Gen. Stephen Kearny, who had command of the Army of the West, was ordered to take iiossession of the area known as New ^lexico, and in June set out from Fort Leavenworth with 1,600 men, crossed the country and took possession of Santa Fe, the capital of New Mexico, August 18, 1846. He then took formal possession of the State and appointed Chai-les Bent provisional governor and moved westward, his original instructions having been to conquer California as well aa New Mexico. CALIFORNIA. The earliest recorded visit of the white man to California is that of an expedition sent from Mexico in 1534 by Cortez, then governor of that country, to explore the country northward. A romance published in Spain many years earlier had described the doings of a queen of amazons who ruled an island rich in gold, diamonds, and pearls "on the right hand of the Indies known as California," and Cortez and his lieutenant, Grijalva, believing that they w'ere in the neighborhood of the coast of Asia, called the country thus discovered ' ' California. ' ' The first settlements made in the country thus named were those of the Jesuit missionaries who were located in Lower California in 1683. Sir Francis Drake had in 1578 passed up the western coast of America and touching temporarily at a bay on the wc.-tern coast, believed by some to have been the Bay of San Francisco, called the country New Albion, or New England, remaining, hov.ever, but a very short time. Explorations northward from the settlements in Old, or Lower, California, were only made in the following centur}', and the first mis.sion planted in Upper, or "Alta," California, as it was termed in the Spanish language, was established at the present site of San Diego in 1769. The Bay of San Francisco was not reached until 1770, and a mission was established there in 1776. Eighteen missions had been established by the close of the century with over 15,000 converts among the Indians. The Spanish power in Mexico was overthrown by the revolution of 1822, and California passed under control of the new governor of Mexico, which deprived the mis.sions of their control of the Indians, secularizing the government of the section then known as California. Ten years later immigrants began to arrive from the United States, and when the war with Mexico began in 1846 many thousands of citizens of the United States were residents of Califsrnia, which, however, was still a part of Mexico. Capt. John C. FriSmont had been sent in 1845 by the Government to explore the maritime region of Oregon and California, and in May, 1846, received instructions to watch the movements of the Mexicans in California, who, it was believed, were disposed to hand the province over to the British Government. He hurried to California, and finding the IMexican general marching against the American settlements, engaged his forces successfully, and on July 5, 1846, the Americans in California declared themselves indeijendent and elected Fremont governor of the province. Meantime Commodore Stockton had arrived with authority to conquer California, and he and Frfimont jointly took possession of Los Angeles. General Kearny, whose instructions on leaving Fort Leavenworth for New Mexico had been to "capture New Mexico and California," arrived in California in December, 1846, with a small part of his command, and refusing to sanction the election of Fremont as governor, in February, 1847, assumed that oflice himself and declared the annexation of California to the United States. The war between the United States and Mexico was terminated by the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed February 2, 1848, and ratified by the Senate March 10, 1848. It transferred to the United States both New Mexico and California, the price being, accordmg 190i.] TEEEITOEIAL EXPAISTSION OP THE imiTED STATES. 983 No. 11.— 1810-1812. United States Takes Control op Tekkitory East of Lower Mississippi River Ad.tacent to New Orleans (1810).— Orleans Territory Admitted as a State (1812), and Name of Louisiana Territory Changed to Territory of Missouri. '" ^^"---^ f • 4 I 9' '^- \ \ '\ 6l N No. 12.— 1817. Territory of Alau.vma Formed from Eastern Portion of JIississippi Territory and Western Portion op Territory Admitted as State op Mississippi. No. 3 8 984 TERRITOEIAL EXPAJSTSIOif OF THE UNITED STATES. [SHaPTBUBER, to Johnston, the historian, "$15,000,000, besides the assumption by the TTnited States of $3,250,000 in claims of American citizens against Mexico." Tlie territory included that part of New Mexico east of the Rio Grande, which was also claimed by Texas, and the disputed claim of Texas was afterwards, in 1850, settled by tlie payment of $10,000,000 by the United States to the State of Texas in full satisfaction of her claim. During the next five years disputes arose as to whether the Gila Kiver constituted the boundary line of that section now known as Arizona and New Mexico, and in the latter part of 1853, by the Gadsden purchase, the United States obtained from Mexico, on the payment of $10,000,000, the disputed territory as well as the right of free transit of troops, munitions, mails, and merchandise over the Isthmus of Tehuantepcc. The area added to the United States by the original Mexican cession, according to Johnston, was 545,783 square miles, and by the Gadsden purchase, 45,535 square miles. Commissioner Hermann, in his "Louisiana purchase," page 69, gives the area of the IMexicau cession as 522,568 square miles, and the Gadsden purchase, 45,535 square miles. . HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE OREGON TERRITORY. The Oregon Territory had been long in dispute between the United States and Great Britain. Ferrelo, a Spaniard, had made exploring voyages along the coast in 1543. Sir Francis Drake moved northward along the Oregon coast in 1578, after his landing on the coast of California, described in the brief history of California above given; and several Spanish explorers visited the country between 1592 and 1775. In 1792, Capt. Robert Grey, a trader from Boston, entered the mouth of the Columbia and thus laid the foundation of the American title to Oregon. In 1805 the Lewis and Clarke exploring expedition dispatched by President Jefferson after the purchase of Louisiana, crossed the Rocky Momitains and following down the Columbia River, reached the Pacific coast at the mouth of the Columbia in November of that year, returning eastward in the sjiring of 1806. In 1811 John Jacob Astor and others established a fur-trading post at the mouth of the Columbia, calling it Astoria, and in 1833 emigration to that region overland began, and by 1850 thousands of settlers from the United States had reached Oregon. The British Government, however, made claim to the section, and in 1813 captured Astoria, the settlement founded by Astor's Pacific Fur Companj', but in 1818 a treaty of joint occupation was made with the United States and Astoria restored to United States jurisdiction. From 1818 to 1846 the country was jointly occupied by the United States and Great Britain. In that year a treaty was made Jay which the forty-ninth parallel and the Straits of Fuca were made the northern boundary of the United States possessions in the Oregon Territory, and the treaty was ratified June 15, 1846. An organic law had meantime been framed and accepted by the American settlers, and this formed the basis for a provisional government until Congress, in 1848, created the Territory of Oregon, which comprised all of the United States territory west of the summit of the Rocky JMountains and north of the forty-second parallel, and on March 3, 1849, the territorial government went into effect with Joseph Lane as governor. TRANSFORMATION OF THE MEXICAN CESSION AND OREGON TERRITORY INTO STATES. The discovery, exploration, settlement, and transfer to the United States of each of the above outlined sections — New Mexico, California, and Oregon — are given consecutively, since their definite addition to the territory of the United States and their formation into Territories and States are practically simultaneous. The population of New iMexico, California, and Oregon Territories given by the census of 1850, the first taken after their acquisition, is stated as follows: New Mexico, 61,547; California, 92,597; Oregon, 13,294; total, 167,438. New Jlexico was governed by the military until 1850, when a territorial government was organized by act of Congress. The discovery of gold in California, in 1848, attracted a large population, and the necessity for a substantial government becoming quickly apparent, a convention of delegates was called by the military governor of the Territory, General Riley, to meet at Monterey September 1, 1849. The constitution which it prepared was adopted on submission to the peoijle and California admitted as a State September 9, 1850, after a prolonged discussion in Congress over the slavery question, which delayed final action, but it was not until several years later that control by vigilance committees of the heterogeneous population drawn thither by the gold discoveries, terminated. The process by which the Mexican cession and Oregon Territory were transformed into their present political divisions is as follows: 1S46. Control of Oregon Territory by the United States settled by treaty with Great Britain. 1848. Mexican cession of New Mexico and California. September 9, 1850. State of California admitted and Utah Territory formed from northern portion of Mexican cession lying east of the northern part of California. December 3, 1850. Territory of New Mexico formed from that part of Mexican cession not included in California and Utah; also including part of territory claimed by Texas, for which Texas was paid $10,000,000. 1853. Gadsden purchase, $10,000,000; made part of the Territory of New Mexico. Washington Territory formed from the northern part of Oregon Territory. 1859. Western part of Oregon Territory admitted as a State and eastern part temporarily attached to Washington Territory. 1861. Territory of Nevada organized from western part of Utah, and Territory of Colorado organized from eastern part of Utah, western part of Nebraska, and northern part of New Mexico and northwestern part of Kansas. 1863. Idaho Territory formed from the eastern part of Washington Territory and western part of Dakota Territory. Arizona Territory formed from western part of New Mexico. 1868. Montana formed from the northeastern part of Idaho. PRESENT CONDITIONS. The territory added by the Mexican cession had, as above indicated, a population of 165,524 at the census of 1850, the firet enumeration after the purchase. In 1890 it was 1,675,009, and in 1900, 2,122,378. This does not include any part of the State of Colorado, of which about one-third falls within the Mexican cession, but does include all of New Mexico, which is formed 'in part from territory which was claimed by Texas. The wheat production of the five States and Territories now representing the Mexican cession was m 1890, 33,066,000 bushels; in 1900, 37,444,934 bushels. The barley production of 1900 was 15,105,060 bushels, valued at $6,527,226, 1901.] TEREITOETAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 985 No. 13. — 1818. Terkitoky of Illinois Divided and State op Illinols Formed.— Kemaindek of Illinois Territory Attached to Michigan Territory. Jf "7 • ^T/ ^Jk . V\ 3 • W p% . w ■^iR.I. ■s r^r Jv^««.DE.L. 1 No. 14. — 1819-1820. Florida Purchased from Spain (1819). — Arkansas Territory Formed from Southern Part of Territory of Missouri (1819). — Maine, Formerly a District of Massachusetts, Admhted as a State (1820). 986 TEEEITOEIAL EXPAifSION OP THE DOTTED STATES. [Septembkr, and the hay crop alone in 1900 was valued at 5!30,427,256, or twice as much as the sum paid to Mexico (exclusive of the agreement to settle the claims of American citizens, amounting to ?3,250,000) for the entire Territory. The States and Territories in question produced in 1900 nearly one-fourth of the wool grown in the United States, their total wool production being in 1900, 62,704,883 pounds, out of a total in the United States of 288,636,621 pounds. The total value of the production of wheat, corn, oats, rj'e, barley, hay, and potatoes in these five States and Territories in 1900 was §63,734,169, or practically four times the sum paid for their purchase. The number of horses and mules in 1900 was 627,108 and their value §20,374,787. The number of cattle in 1900 was 2,549,130, and their value ?5S, 761,330, against 557,713,266 in 1890. The number of sheep ia 1900 was 10,028,126, agamst 10,583,146 in 1890, and their value in 1900, $24,790,675, against §19,039,162 in 1890. The total value of farm animals in the five States and Territories formed from this purchase was in 1900 §106,203,619, or six times its original cost. The silver production in 1899 was §14,018,715, coining value, and the gold production in 1899, §24,017,800, against §17,830,000 in 1890. The growth in educational facilities during the decade in the States and Territories in question is shown by the fact that the pupils enrolled in public schools numbered in 1890, 292,626, and in 1899, 375,722; the number of teachers in pubhc schools increased dm-ing that period from 7,081 to 10,969, and the total expenditure for public schools from §6,010,242 to §7,752,941; and the total attendance at schools of all classes had increased from 312,945 to 403,427 and the number of teachers employed from 8,390 to 12,788. The number of post-offices increased from 2,119, in 1890, to 2,705, in 1900; the number of newspapers and periodicals published from 725, in 1890, to 911, in 1900, and the miles of railway in operation from 9,022 to 11,201. An additional evidence of the general prosperity of the citizens as a class is shown by the fact that the individual deposits in national banks increased from §25,517,000, in 1890, to §46,334,000, in 1900; the circulation of the national banks in these States and Territories from §1,834,000 to §5,453,000, their loans and discoimts from §28,569,000 to §40,189,000, and the total resources of all banking institutions (national, State, private, and savings banks) in these States and Territories from §284,744,000 to 8446,281,000. The population of the three States formed from the original Oregon Territory was in 1890, 747,524, and in 1900, 1,093,411. Their production of wheat in 1890 was 22,306,000 bushels, valued at §16,851,802, and in 1900, 44,399,302 bushels, valued at §23,136,333. The value of the hay crop was in 1894, §15,655,831, and in 1900, §23,730,012. The wool produced was m 1894, 31,297,223 pounds, and in 1900, 44,586,884 pounds. The value of cattle on farms and ranches was in 1890, §34,316,643, and m 1900, §36,595,280; of sheep in 1890, §8,239,875, and in 1900, §16,447,148, and of all farm annuals in 1900, §60,672,916. The gold produced in 1900 was valued at §4,003,900, and of silver, §4,971,312 (coining value) . The number of pupils in public schools was in 1890, 133,529, and in 1899, 219,097, and the expenditure for public schools in 1890, §1,933,110, and in 1899, §3,229,297. The number of post-offices was in 1890, 1,346, and in 1900, 2,127. The banking resources were in 1890, §59,286,000, and in 1900, §72,877,000. ToT.VL Akea op the Okiginal Thirteen States as defined by the Peace Treaty op 1783, and its Distkibution into States. [Prepared by the General Land OfiSce, Interior Department] STATES AND TERRITORIES. Alabama! Connecticut Delaware District o£ Columbia. Georgia Illinois Indiana Kentucliy M^iine Maryland Massacliusetts Michigan Minnesota ! Mississippi "^ New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Vermont Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin Total 820,944 Land surface (area). Sq. viilcs. 49, 876 4,794 1,969 59 58,850 56,004 35, 860 39, 898 29, .894 9,875 8,038 57, 530 26, 42, 9, 7, 47, 48, 40, 44, 1, 30, 41, 9, 39, 24, 65, Water surface (area). Sq. mil€f;. 318 818 411 10 586 2,350 727 434 3, 145 2,422 508 40,460 4, 855 471 321 719 6, 032 3,702 3,741 1, 249 166 588 370 449 2, 405 161 10,688 Total area. Sq. miles. 49, 194 6,612 2, 380 69 69,436 58,354 36,587 40, 332 33, 039 12,297 8,546 97,990 31,0116 43,280 9,377 8,173 53, 719 52, 674 44,464 45, 928 1,247 31,048 42, 056 9,563 42,330 24,604 65,805 909,050 Remarks. 1,674 square miles of Lake Michigan included. 230 square miles of Lake Michigan included. (16.653 square miles of Lake Superior; 12,922 of Lake Mich- L igan, and 9,925 of Lake Huron. 2,614 square miles of Lake Superior included. 3,140 square miles of Lake Ontario included. 3,443 square miles of Lake Erie included. 891 square miles of Lake Erie included. 2,378 square miles of Lake Superior, and 7,500 of Lake Michigan included. 1 Ipcludes only that portion of the State formed from territory within boundaries of original thirteen States. 1901.] TEEEITORIAL EXPAJ^fSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 987 No. 15. — 1821. State of Missouki Formed, but Name of JMissouei Territory Retained for teoe Undivided Portion of the Louisiana Purchase. No. 16. — 1824-1828. Eeduction op Area of Arkansas Territory in 1821 and in 1828. 988 TEEEITOEIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. Statistics op States of the Union Oeganized from Acquiked Teeritoey. [Seitember, STATES AND TERRITORIES. Date of act of organization as Territory. Population at census next following Territorial organiza- tion. Date of act of admission as State. Population at census next following 1 admission as State. POPULATION BY CENSUS. Area in square mllea. Popula- tion per square mile. Capital. 1890 1900 1900 LorisiANA Pckchase: Jfar. 2, 1819 Feb. 28,1861 14, 255 134,277 June 15,1836 Mar. 3,1875 97, 674 194, 327 < 1,128,179 412,198 180, 182 1,911,896 J, 1,427,096 1,118,587 1,301,826 2,679,184 132, 159 1,058,910 182, 719 61,834 328, 808 60, 705 1,311,664 539, 700 391,960 2,231,863 1,470,495 1,381,625 1,751,394 3,106,665 243, 329 1,068,-539 319, 146 398,245 401,570 92,631 53,045 103,646 31,000 55,475 81,700 45,420 79,205 68,735 146,310 76,840 70,195 38,830 76,860 97,575 24.72 6.21 12.64 40.23 18 30.42 22. 11 45.19 1.67 13.90 4.54 10.26 5.22 .95 Little Rock. Denver. Indian Territory Iowa June 12,1838 May 30,1864 Jlar. 3, 1805 Mar. 3,1849 June 4,1812 May 26,1864 May 30,1854 Mar. 2,1861 May 2, 1890 Mar. 2,1861 July 25,1808 43,112 107,206 76, 566 0,077 2 20,845 20,595 28,841 (») 61,834 '"^,118 Mar. 3,1845 Jan. 29,1861 Apr. 8,1812 May 11,1858 Mar. 2,1821 Feb. 22,1889 Feb. 9,1867 Feb. 22,1889 192,214 1107,206 2 76,566 172, 023 6 66,657 132, 169 122,993 182,719 Des Moines. Topeka. Baton Rouge. St. Paul. Jeffersju Citv Helena. Nortli Daliota . Bismarck. Guthrie. Soutli Daliota i?eb. 22,1889 July 10,1890 328,808 60, 705 Pierre. Total 427,553 11,984.283 14,708,616 1,023,825 14.37 Feb. 24,1863 Mexican Cession: 9,658 * 92, 597 61,647 1 6, 857 11,380 59,620 1,208,130 1.53,593 46, 761 207,905 122,931 1,486,053 195,310 42, 335 276,749 112, 920 158,980 122,460 109, 740 82,190 1.09 9.62 1.69 .38 3.36 Phoenix. Sept. 9,1850 92,597 New Mexico Sept. 9,1850 Mar. 2,1861 Sept. 9,1850 Santa Fe. Mar. 21,1864 July 16,1894 42, 491 207,905 Utah Salt Lake City Total 1,675,009 2,122,378 583,290 3.64 Mar. 3, 1863 Aug. 14,lSt8 Mar. 2,1863 July 3,1890 Feb. 14,1859 Feb. 22,1889 14, 999 13,294 11,594< 84,385^ 52,465 349,390 84,385 313,767 349, 390 161,772 413,636 518, 103 84,290 94,560 66,880 1.92 4.37 7.74 Boise. Salem. Olympia. Total 747,542 1,093,411 245,730 4.45 Dec. 29,1845 * 212, 592 212,592 2,235,523 3,048,710 262,290 11.62 Austin. 16, 642, 367 63,069,766 20,973,116 76,304,799 2, 115, 135 2,970,038 9.91 25.69 19 26.43 19.27 27.48 34.47 71.21 United States. States. 1 Census of 1860. 2 Census of 1810. spopulation of Dakota Territory by census of 1860, 4,837. 4 Census of 1850. s Census of 1820. eCensusof 1890. 1901.] TEEEITOKIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 989 No. 17.— 1834. PoHTiON OF Missouri Territory Lying North op the State of Missouri, Extending North to the Canada Line AND West to the Missouri and White Earth Rivers Attached to the Territory of Michigan. — Eemainder op the Missouri Territory Designated as the Indian Country. jjo. 18. — 1836-18.37. Terbitoky of Wisconsin Formed from Western Part of the Territory op Michjga.v in 1836, and Rkmainijer Admitted as the State ot' IMiciiigan in 1837. — Boundary Line op Missouri Extended to the Missouri River at tob Northwest Corner of the St.vie (1836). 990 TERRITOEIAL EXPAl^SIOiv" O' THE UNITED STATES. Statistics of States op toe Union Organized from Acquiked Tebritory — Continued. [Septemrer, WHEAT PnODUCTION. CORN PEODDCTION. 0.4TS PRODUCTION. STATES AND TERRITORIES. Bushels. Value. Bushels. Value. Bushels. Value. 1890 1900 1890 1900 1890 1900 1890 1900 1890 1900 1890 isoa Louisiana Pue- cnASE: Arkan,«as Colorado 1,575,000 1,777,000 19,011,000 28,195,000 2,689,418 7,207,117 21,798,223 82,488,655 Dollars. 1,543,619 1,439,010 15,233,123 21,709,842 Dollars. 1,748,122 4,2.52,199 12,860,952 45,368,760 33,443,000 767,000 232,439,000 .55, 269, 000 16,979,000 21,286,000 175,345,000 45,22.5,947 3, 188, 941 30.5,8.59.948 163, 870, 630 24,702,698 31,794,708 180,710,404 23, 970 210,430,064 381,184 14,144,052 32,418,819 81,702 Dollars. 21,737,952 483,097 95,300,164 28,187,241 11,885,093 8,910,136 77,151,802 '26,'.5i8,"992' 3, COD, 000 Dollars. 19,447,1.57 1,. 530, 692 82,682,186 52,438,602 12,351,299 9, 220, 465 57,827,329 14,142 65,233,320 100, 097 3, 677, 4.54 9,401,458 49,021 3,967,000 2,498,000 71, 397, 000 31,269,000 567,000 38,402,100 24,579,000 2,797,000 22,430,000 10, 000, 090 7,038,665 3,272,390 130,572,138 43,063,943 614,142 41,907,046 24,695,373 2,568,735 37,778,572 6,299,284 Dollars. 2, 102, 361 1,248,990 27,130,903 11,882,302 345,849 14,208,796 9,585,707 1,650,398 8,747,761 3,000,000 Dollars. 2,463,533 1,407,128 26,114,428 Kansas 9,904,707 245, 667 Minnesota Missouri Montana Nebraska North Dakota.. 38,356,000 17,638,000 1,488,000 16,315,000 10,000,000 61,509,252 18, 840, 713 1,929,963 24,801,900 13,176,213 18,657,373 20,149,084 366,414 31,068,187 14, 039, .581 1,190,680 U, 639, 428 7,000,000 32,4.50,829 11,873,429 1,177,277 13,145,007 7,612,204 9,SSS,408 11,686,817 278,475 10,0.57,691 5,679,936 1,078,869 55,310,000 6,0(!0,000 9,006,857 2,015,771 South Dakota . . 30,411,000 21,287,719 6,030,000 3,015,233 14,846,000 12, 653, 266 630,272 4,950,815 3,036,784 296,228 Total 163,756,000 263, 620, 925 126,751,189 152,372,479 602,868,000 1,012,882,967 276,249,710 313,933,222 222,752,000 311,093,826 .84,853,882 71,307,589 Mexican Cession: Arizona California New Mexico . . . Nevada Utah 811,000 29,121,000 1, 105, 000 250,000 2, 279, 000 365,637 28,513,628 3,847,347 991,196 3, 697, 106 280,044 22,131,778 1,050,170 214,658 1,777,927 288,869 16,66.5,304 2,616,196 693,837 2, 033, 408 4,396,000 1,126,000 1,351,975 554,752 2,867,694 821,819 824,705 355,041 1,943,000 392, 000 1,477,771 229,994 1,088,087 223,394 079,775 110,397 739,000 169,180 602,299 106,583 1,059,000 918,214 582,177 404,014 Total 33,066,000 37,444,934 25,4.54,577 22, 187, 614 6,261,000 2,075,907 4,181,812 1,286,329 3,394,000 2,625,979 1,893,658 1,194,185 Oeegon: 1,370,000 12,805,000 8,071,000 3,104,629 16, 198, 012 25, 096, 661 1,068,931 9,648,844 6,134,027 1,428,129 8,908,907 12,799,297 1,093,000 6, 658, 000 3,497,000 1,349,846 3,282,770 3,016,226 631,055 3,329,100 1,013,652 639,938 173,000 317,147 106, 140 114,205 180,774 62, 623 1,345,935 Washin^on ... 1,200,490 Total 22, 306, 000 44,399,302 16,851,802 23,136,333 178,000 423,287 114, 205 243,397 11,248,000 7,648,811 6,006,808 3,092,364 Texas 3, 675, 000 23,395,913 | 3,396,228 14,973,384 63,802,000 81,962,910 45,937,096 38,522,568 11,059,000 28,278,232 6,082,692 8,483,470 Grand total . . Total United States 223, 043, 000 399,26-1,000 368,801,074 522,229,505 172,483,796 334,773,678 212, 669, 810 323,515,177 673,104,000 1,489,970,000 1,197,295,071 2,105,102,516 326,453,423 754,433,451 353,985,516 751,220,034 248,453,000 623,621,000 349,646,878 809,125,989 98,437,040 222,048,486 84,137,609 208,669,233 Per cent Louisiana Territory forms of United States . Per cent grand total forms of United States.... 41.02 55.86 50.48 70.63 37.86 51.51 47.09 65.73 40.45 46.10 48.11 56.88 36.61 43.27 41.79 47.12 42.54 47.45 38.44 43.21 38.21 44.33 34.2 40.32 1901.] TEERITOEIAL EXPAl^SION OF THE UNITED STATES. 991 No. 19.— 1838. Terkitoey of Iowa Formed from that Part op Wi.scoxsix Tkrritorv Lying Between the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. No. 20.-1815. Texas Annexed and Admitted as a State. No. 992 TEERITOEIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. Statistics of States op the Union Organized fisoii Acquired Territory — Continued. [Septembek, BARLEY PBODCCTION. RYE production. HAY CROP. POTATO CEOP. STATES AND TERRITORIES. Bushels. Yal lie. Bushels. Value. Value. Value. 1893 1900 1893 1900 1893 1900 189S 1900 1894 1900 1891 1900 Louisiana Pur- chase: Dollars. Dollars. 17,38.5 119,343 1,183.739 1,245,377 19,722 39, 480 1,806,570 1,922,481 Dollars. 10,083 59.672 485,333 473, 243 Dollars. 14,200 21,319 740, 094 826, 667 Dollars. 2,192,021 13,460,779 2.5,31,8,990 13, 364, 059 761,856 8, 063, 894 16,832,308 3, 188, 979 8,006,689 1.9.57,194 8,210,679 3, 018, 720 Dollars. 2, 022, 933 13, .5.51, 811 34,043,996 18, 343, 148 472,839 9, 892, 241 19,237,704 5, 1.38, 725 13,693,368 1,397,398 8, 153, 574 3, 602, 150 Dollars. 720, 433 1,691,043 5,230,870 3,016,978 858,149 2,270,782 3,374,909 276, 150 1,854,371 1,253,984 839, .597 229,860 Dollar.*^. l,212,Kw Colorado Iowa Kanst'.s 365. 315 11,. 599, 066 128,361 314,266 11,708,822 4, 186, 802 183,158 3, 827, 692 60,330 157,133 4,332,264 1,381,545 l,627, Horses and mules on farms in Dakota Territory in 1890: Number, 313,237; value, 822,163,718. 1901.] TEERITOEIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 995 No. 23. — 1849. Tekkitoky of Minnesota Fokmed from Northekn Portion op Former Territory of Iowa. No. 24. 1850. Texas Cedes 123,784 Square Miles op hek Nokthern Territory to the United States for the sum of $10,000,000. 996 TEERITOEIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. Statistics of States of the Union Okganized from Acquiked Tekritoky — Continued. [September, NUMBER AND VALUE OP CATTLE ON FARMS AND RANCHES. NUMBER AND VALUE OF SHEEP ON FARMS AND RANCHES. NUMBER AND VALUE OF HOGS ON FARMS AND RANCHES. STATES AND TERKITORIES. Number. Value. Number. Value. Number. Value. 1890 1900 1890 1900 1890 1000 1890 1900 1890 1899 1890 1899 Louisiana Pur- chase: Arkan)=as Colorado 916. 333 1,114,496 3, 909, 049 2, .580, 237 473. 334 1,109,373 2, 290, 047 1,014,801 1, 726, 441 (') 419, 422 1,115,421 3,442,012 2,867,224 294,961 1, 2X1, 003 2,047,346 959,808 2,206,792 431,371 323, 971 879, 200 717,826 Dollars. 9,551,729 19, 688, 763 72,813,463 44, 596, 699 5,783,555 20,419,729 38,566,403 17,908,189 30,706,938 (') Dollars. 7,061,864 31,682,202 117,019,365 85, 400, 091 5,001,644 34, 986, 245 55,849,636 26, 643, 663 70, .549, 748 12, 580, 992 8,481,337 27, 5)3, 227 21,240,031 269,484 1,783.891 475,816 438,313 115,082 327, 375 1,198,200 1,989,815 239,400 108,957 2,185,327 619, 476 275, 118 113,206 419, 218 597, 619 3,884,179 322,057 374, 110 33,094 381,882 2,840,190 Dollars. 401.980 3,778,281 1,330,;!82 870,271 179,114 800, 105 2,506,754 4,467,799 503,338 (=) Dollars. 181,795 6,250,036 2,487,816 835, 534 179,203 1,333,113 1,851,711 11,017,474 1,090,807 1,183,683 83,380 1,257,156 9,964,806 1,663,275 29. 608 6,805,000 2,734,195 706, 947 527, 526 5, 096, 000 29,254 2,309,779 1,280,120 20, 713 3,408,281 1, .591, 341 796,498 411,353 2,949,818 42,265 1,353,671 111,9.59 89,891 145,469 22,345 Dollars. 4,091,6.57 180, 737 34,481,700 15,256,810 2,120,842 2, 847, 686 18,569,824 198,926 12,985,679 Dollars. 2,982,680 103, 305 19,690,800 8,021,9.50 2,341,70-1 2,317,974 11,696,028 305, 156 7,201,529 080,712 383, 835 Kansas Louis'iana Minnesota Missouri Montei.na Nebraska North Dakota.. Soutli Dakota.. Wyoming 1,228,294 0) 18,576,476 1,017,373 2,249,921 5,200 34,424 824,083 133,555 Total 17,433,011 16,972,357 296,298,818 604,040,645 8,121,108 12,154,432 17,791,063 37,719,514 19,383,253 12,223,724 93,157,603 56, 583, 311 Mexican Cession: Arizona Calif;>rnia New Mexico . . . Nevada Utah 620,960 966, 433 1,403,732 391, 926 479,080 381,861 913,753 679,359 238,081 336,076 9,398,350 19, 174, 134 15,993,662 5,978,194 7,168,926 6,591,343 26,289,377 12, 920, 038 5,690,740 8,269,832 698, 404 4,035,120 3, 092, 736 700,986 2, 055, 900 1,024,430 2,001,501 3,973,439 657,773 2,370,983 1,152,367 8,409,190 3, 872, 106 1,323,882 4,281,617 2,393,581 5,710,282 8, 622, 362 1,914,120 6, 150, 330 20, 140 647,000 22,693 19,232 47,641 23,286 374,141 30,204 14, 441 47,808 90, 030 3,176,476 113,010 101,931 326, .819 89,418 1,073.907 133, 503 47,401 332, 598 Total 3,862,131 2,549,130 57,713,206 58,751,330 10,583,146 10, 028, 126 19, 039, 162 24, 790, 675 766,606 489,880 3,807,860 1 2. 276. .827 . -, Oregon: Idalio 405,997 851,458 453,022 397,928 637,433 390, 444 7, 127, 676 15,502,557 11, 686, 510 9,727,840 15,776,411 11,091,029 487,357 2,929,830 673,060 2,658,662 2, 446, 695 790,217 1,072,185 6, 622, 314 1,545,346 7,444,254 6, 632, 676 2,470,218 31,000 270, 164 143,411 75,718 216, 430 156,718 155,000 1,153,059 785,892 441, 438 869, 831 Washington 886, 252 Total 1,710,477 1 1,425,805 34,316,643 36,595,280 4,090,247 5,895,574 8,239,875 16,447,148 444,675 448,896 1 2,093,951 2, 197, 521 Texas 8,011,195 1 5,046,335 75,227,682 | 95,254,682 4, 752, 640 2,416,721 7,239,696 4, 034, 063 2,321,246 2,684,987 | 8,073,292 9,316,906 Grand total .. Total United States 31,010,844 52,801,907 25,993,627 43,902,414 463,556,309 913,777,270 694, 651, 937 1,204,298,366 27,547,141 44,336,072 30,494,853 41,883,065 52,309,796 100,659,761 83,591,400 122,665,913 22,905,680 51,602,780 15,847,487 38,651,631 107,132,712 243,418,336 70,374,565 170,109,743 Per cent Louisiana Territory forms of United States.. Per cent grand total forms of United States 33.01 58.74 38.65 59.21 32.42 50.73 41.85 57.08 18.32 62.13 29.02 72.81 17.67 5J.96 30.75 68.14 37.66 44.39 31.62 41 38.27 44.01 33.25 41,37 1 Cattle on farms in the Dakotas in 1890: Number, 1,07*636; value, $17,783,874, 2 Sheep on farms in the Dakotas in 1890: Number, 266,329; value, 8703,108. 'Hogs on farms in the Dakotas in 1890: Number, 476,669; value, 82,389,518. 1901.] TEREITOEIAL EXPAifSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 997, No. 25. — 1850. State or California and Territories of Utah and New IVIexico Formed from Part op Mexican Cession and Area PUEOHASED from TkXAS. No. 26. — 1853. "Gadsden Purchase" Ceded by Mexico for §10,000,000 and Added to New Mexico. — Washington Territory Formed from Northern Part of Oregon Territory. 998 TEERITORIAL EXPAS^SION OF THE UNITED STATES. Statistics op States or' the Union Organized from Acquired Territory — Continued. [Sei^em p.er, TOTAL NrSIEER AND VALVE OF ANIMALS. GOLD PRODUCED SILVER PRODUCED STATES AND TERRITORIES. Number. Value. (COINING VALUE). (COINING VALUE). 1890 19001 1880 19001 1890 1899 1890 1899 1890 1899 1890 1899 Loiisiana; Poe- CHASE: Arkansas Colorado Indian Terri- 3,166,071 3,073,730 2,18.5,220 3,475,754 Dollars. 33,7M,019 31,875,585 Dollars. 24,392,263 42,503,461 Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. Tons. 3.57, W3 2,762,503 776,097 3, 590, .538 2, 017, 788 Tons. 753,173 5 4, 298, 916 1,372,703 4,622,749 3,439,524 Tons. Tons. 4,150,000 25,982,800 24,307,070 29,301,527 114, 275 307, 5.57 Tr \l-l' 11,327,4.51 6, .573, 777 1,514,798 2,370,469 9,604,113 3,252,845 4,863,448 8,480,390 5,548,945 1,442,415 2,53-5,495 6, 484, 406 5, 033, 911 4, .5.5.5. 203 1, 1(M, 726 606,866 1,701,019 3,682,673 191,592,619 114,041,117 22, 623, .546 55,838,591 122, 530, 070 31,700,176 80,023,808 159, 617, 661 124,781,823 18, .588, 576 64, 3S3, 953 101,. 502, 414 41,492,905 109,317,263 23, 813, 033 10,512,629 41,191,403 32,705,152 Kansas Louisiana Minnesota Missouri Montnna Nebraska Kortli Dakota . 891,910 181, 690 81,'632 8,161,289 22 720 2,442,162 462, 033 1,339 26, 786 2,701,620 1,336,117 3,300,000 4,760,100 20,363,636 20,810,990 88,222 2,395,317 26,626,802 3,200,000 6,469,500 129, 282 188,251 Wyoming 1,669,970 3,426,243 , Total 50,268,820 46,767,023 ! 759, 5%, 551 824,892,616 10,650,000 37,712,400 44,799,998 50,300,768 14,106,559 22,039,267 1,269,607 8,491,666 Mexican Cession: Arizona California 1,375,U0 6,063,440 4, .581, 754 1,166,036 o 7'>t; 075 1,483,039 3,6.59,806 4, 769, 484 953,723 •? S-TS 1CI'> 12,366,022 67,771,280 22,0:«,914 10,412,871 16,794,726 10,630,167 47, 4.56, 708 23,469,171 8, 389, .509 16,358,074 1,000,000 12,500,000 860,000 2,800.000 680^000 2, 66G, 100 15,197,800 584, 100 2,219.000 3, 460, 800 1,292,9-29 1,163,636 1,680,808 6, 753, 535 IQ, 343, 434 2.040,630 1,065,762 6.50, 731 1,090,457 9.171.135 1 98,849 335, 515 143,725 • 903, 707 Nevada Utah < 54, 148 284, 070 701,829 r Total 1.5,912,415 13,694,244 119,375,813 106,203,619 17,830,000 24,017,800 20,234,342 14,018,715 718,434 1,749,261 .54, 148 Oregon: 1,063,923 4,241.608 1,389,394 3.261,018 3, 489, 985 1,510,270 14,243,923 30, 966, 594 21,663,292 20, 509, 846 28,906,082 11,256,988 1,850,000 1,100,000 204,000 1,889,000 1,429,500 685,400 4,783,&38 96, 969 90,605 4,980,105 173, 641 330,990 54," 923' 1, 128, 294 18 77,679 1,812,394 Oregon Washington . . . Total 6,694,925 8,261,273 66,863,809 60,672,916 3,154,000 4,003,800 4,971,312 6,484,736 1,183,217 1,889,991 16, 648, 571 U, 534, 230 146,411,325 141,879,099 1 6,900 387, 878 672.323 1 164.679 1 789.136 1 22.000 14.7-19 I , • - Grand total. . Total United States 89, 5S4, 731 165,285,573 80,256,770 140,060,661 1,092,247,498 2,218,766,028 1,133,648,250 2,212,760,566 1 31,634,000 32,845,000 65,741,000 71,053,400 70,393,530 70,485,714 70,476,542 70,806,626 16,172,889 ! 26,467.655 140,882,729 226,553,564 1,291,607 8,560,443 16,036,043 24,683,173 Per cent Louisiana Territory forms of Unite'd States . Per cent grand total forms of United States SO. 41 54.16 83.39 57.3 84.24 49.23 37.28 61.23 82.42 96.31 63.07 92.52 63.56 99.87 71.06 99.54 10.01 U.47 9.73 11.68 7.91 8.05 34.4 34.08 1 statistics of swine for 1899. 2 Including 85,889 tons anthracite in Colorado and New Mexico. STotal number and value of animals in the Dakotag, 1890: Number, 2,126,771; value, 463,040,218. • Wyoming, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. 1901.] TEERITOEIAL EXPAXSIO]^ OF THE UMTED STATES. No. 27.— 1854. Unokganized Portion op Louisiana Pukchase (then known as the Indian Country), organized as Territories OF Kansas, Nebraska, and Indian Territory. No. 28.— 185S-1859. State op Minnesota Formed fro.m Eastern Part of the Territory op Minnesota (1858).— Oregon Admitted AS A State, and Eastern Part op Oregon Terkitorv Attached to Washington Territory (1859). No. 3 10 1000 TEERITOEIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. [>i:i'rEMBnn, Statistics of States op the Union OitUANizED from Acquired Territory — Continued. STATES AND TERRITOIUES. Louisiana ru r- caisi:: Arliiinsas Colorado Indian Terri- tory lowii Kansas Louisiiuui Minnciota Missouri Montana Nebraska North Dakota.. Okla homa South Dakota.. Wyoming Total . PETE0LEU5I PRO- DDCED IN— POBLIC-SCHOOL STATISTICS. 1S80 Barrels. 303,812 1,200 278 Mexican Cession: Arizona Californiii New Mexico.. Nevada Utah Total. Oregon: Idaho Oregon Washington . Total . Texas. Grand total.. Total United States 370,320 307,360 307,360 M 677, 734 45, 822, 672 Per cent Louisiana Territorv forms of Unlte'd States. Per cent grand total fornis of United States 1S99 Barrels. "396,"278' 69,700 "'iisi' 5,560 465,670 2,642,095 2,642,095 669,013 3,776,778 57,070,860 .81 6.62 Pupils enrolled. 1S90 223,071 65,490 493, 267 399,322 120,253 280,960 620, 211 16,980 240,300 35,543 78,043 7,052 2, 580, 495 7,989 221,756 18, 216 7,387 37, 279 292, 620 14,311 63,254 55, 964 133,529 1S99 301,387 108,816 651,992 370, 240 193, 169 384, 0G3 668.018 35, 070 277,765 67,375 85,635 98,540 13,042 15,898 253,397 27, 173 7,348 71, 905 375, 722 Teachers employed. 1890 5,016 2,375 28,567 12, 232 2, 676 8,817 13, 785 624 10, 555 1,982 4, 610 259 89,5.58 240 5,434 2 476 251 680 7,081 32, 696 88,485 97,916 219,097 466,872 3,473,522 12,722,581 20.28 27.30 552,503 4,308,434 1.5,138,715 20.88 28.46 497 2,666 1,610 4,673 10, SSO 112, 192 363,922 24.61 30.83 IS90 7,073 3,294 28,694 12, 513 4, 157 11,250 13,782 1,086 9,192 3,637 2, 182 4,806 536 102,202 Total expenditure for public schools. 1S»0 Dollars. 1,016,776 1, 081, 379 6,382,953 4,972,967 S17, 110 4,187,310 5,434.262 361,084 3,370,3:32 626,949 225, 000 30,284,752 373 8,157 706 314 1,419 10,969 902 3,693 3,321 7,916 14, 989 136,076 415,660 24.59 32. 74 181,914 5, 187, 102 285,000 161,481 394,685 6,010,242 169, 020 805, 979 958, 111 1,933,110 3,178,300 4,476,4i 1S99 Dollars. 1,292,463 2,281,713 7,978,000 3, 991, 477 1,126.112 5,172; no 7,048, 826 776, 1.50 3,815,593 1, 2S8, 031 596,492 1,605,623 213,291 High schools. Students. Teachers. 1899 4,204 5,597 503 29,297 14, 3!- 5 3,035 13,374 24, 193 1, 045 14,269 1,072 343 2,118 352 37, 185, .SSI 113,847 238,741 6, 164, 053 154, 532 203,042 991,973 7,762,941 274,377 1,159,125 1,795,795 182 13,797 259 423 2,034 16, 695 524 2,705 3,503 3,229,297 6,732 41, 406, 404 140,506,715 21.55 29.63 62,644,676 197,281,603 18.85 26.69 17,564 154,838 580,006 193 254 35 1, 149 547 2''2 C47 1,014 52 582 64 23 104 21 4,9.17 Normal schools. Students. Teachers. 1899 529 509 10 762 25 19 100 916 36 141 181 7,014 28,128 182 1, 361 I 35 664 2,745 151 561 322 20, 770 68,380 39 25 4,664 170 2,032 87 445 25 2,199 82 1,745 m 130 8 2,249 45 413 20 251 9 620 30 6 79 4 33 122 10 31 17 856 3,093 ' Including Michigan. : Estimated. 1901.] TEKRITOEIAL EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. 1001 Xo. 29. — 1861. Terkitoky ok Xev.^d.v Formed from Western Part of Ut.\h. — Territory op Color.\do Formed from the Eastern. Part of Utah, Western Part of Nebraska, and Northern Part of New Mexico. — Dakota Formed from Northern Pakt of Territory of Nebraska and that Part of the Territory- of Minnesota not Inciatded in the State of Minnesota. No. 30. — 1S63. Idaho Territory Formed froji the Eastern Part op Washington Territory and Western Part of Dakota Territory. — Arizona Territory Formed prom Western Part op New Mexico. — West Virginia Formed from AVestern Part OP Virginia. 1002 TEEEITOEIAL EXPANSIOI^ OF THE imiTED STATES. Statistics of States of the Union Okganized from Acquieed Teeritoey— Continued. [SeI'TBMBER, HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, 1899. TOTAL OF ALL SCHOOLS AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. POST-OFFICES, JAN- NEWSPAPERS AND PERI- MILES OF lAILWAY STATES AXD TERRITORIES. Students. Teachers. Attendance. Teachers. ODICALS PUBLISHED. IN OPEKAIION. 1S90 1S99 1890 1899 1S90 1900 1890 1900 1890 1900 Louisiana I' v r. - chase: Arkansas Colorado IndianXerritory Iowa 1,662 2,065 285 7,616 5,726 2,121 4,109 9,925 516 3,392 908 446 1,308 140 119 320 23 555 493 186 412 1,193 53 362 55 29 111 14 225,659 68,057 1231 615, 516 411.853 127; 455 292,099 640, 813 17,653 247,396 36, 151 307,842 117, 047 788 696, 669 392,383 201,770 403,736 703,881 36,791 297,676 69,768 86,675 102, 592 13,534 5,207 2,639 117 27,837 12,868 3,097 9,610 15,243 679 11,070 2,033 7,424 3,893 58 30,668 13,610 4,590 12,391 16,104 1,199 10,181 3,776 2,243 5,051 671 1,424 642 1258 1,760 1,816 811 1,236 2,300 312 1,069 464 1,SS5 730 614 1,907 1,673 1,155 1,642 2,945 475 1,088 616 593 692 307 198 276 IS 878 765 173 476 . 849 70 610 125 30 256 35 257 326 84 1,073 703 192 653 1,033 92 617 155 125 267 41 2,203 4.291 11,261 8,416 8,892 1,710 5,515 6,142 2,196 5,408 2,116 3,088 4,617 1,339 9,114 8,749 2,664 6,770 6,881 3,008 6,594 2,705 758 Kansas Louisiana Minnesota Missouri Montana Nebraska North Dakota.. South Dakota . . Wyoming 80,347 7,311 4,787 278 636 201 2,610 1,003 2,825 1,212 Total 40, 249 3,925 2,670,541 3,331,051 96,365 111,089 12, 919 16,228 4 759 R Alft .51,823 69,324 Mexican Cession: Arizona Calilornia New Mexico... Nevada Utah 133 6,728 335 331 1,738 16 619 41 23 82 8,064 240,220 18,513 7,773 38,375 16,395 274,786 27,802 8,102 76,342 244 6,604 603 278 761 405 9,617 776 356 1,634 163 1,334 231 146 24t 212 1,658 312 184 34 50S 47 25 51 54 698 62 30 77 1,095 4, 3.50 1,389 923 1,265 1,465 6,455 1,788 920 1,573 Total 8,265 781 312,945 403,427 8,390 12,788 2,119 2,705 723 911 9,022 11,201 Oregon: 183 1,686 1,343 19 199 130 14,443 66,153 57,344 33,554 93,437 103, 084 509 2,792 1,694 967 4,064 3,619 239 607 500 424 872 831 46 146 194 70 192 221 946 1,440 2,012 1,271 1,632 2,892 Oregon Washington Total 3,212 348 137,940 230,075 4,995 8,680 1,346 2,127 386 483 4,398 6,795 Texas 5,108 363 476, 992 576,329 11,394 16, 206 2,139 3,011 542 794 8,710 1 9,722 Grand total .. 66,834 5,417 3,598,418 4,540,882 120,144 149,363 18,523 24,071 6,412 7,806 73,953 1 86,042 Total United States 201,669 19,896 13,228,588 1.5,988,729 395,065 466,777 60,140 75,388 18,536 20,806 166,703 190,833 Per cent Louisiana Territory forms of United States. . 20.19 27.2 20 83 28.4 24.14 30.41 23.92 32 21.48 30.79 21.52 31.93 25.67 34.59 27 37.61 31. OS 31.11 Per cent grand total forms of United States 1 1 Includes Oklahoma. 1901.] TEERITOELVL EXPANSIOlSr OP THE UNITED STx\TES. 1003 No. 31.— 1S64. JMoxTAXA Terkitory Formed from Northeastern Part of Idaho Territory. — Additions Made to Nevada in 18G4 and 1866. Nil. :il'. — 1S67. Alaska Purchased fro.m Russia for the sum of $7,200,000. 1004 TESKITOEL^L EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES. [Seite.mcek, Statistics of States of the Union Oeganized peom Acquired Termtoky — Continued. BANKING STATISTICS. NATIONAL BANKS. TOTAL EESODBCES OF NATIONAL, STATE, PRIVATE, AND SAV- INGS BANKS.l STATES AND TEUKITOKIES. Number of banlcs. Capital stock.i Total individual deposits.! Loans and discounts.! Circulation.! 1800 1000 1890 1900 1890 1000 1S90 1900 1800 1900 1890 1900 LOUISIAN.V PUK- CH.tSE; Arkansas Colorado IndianTcrritory 9 46 2 139 159 19 60 79 25 135 29 3 39 11 7 39 30 196 110 21 s:i 67 21 110 27 24 28 14 1, 530 7, 3fi5 110 11,320 13,909 4, 325 14,645 23,161 8,315 12, 555 1,9.-18 200 2,545 1,285 1,070 4,322 1,317 14.033 s;417 3,285 12,(«i2 17,950 2,305 9,965 1,525 865 1,.503 885 2,235 26,326 61 26,800 20, 685 14,784 31,000 45,011 12, 807 26, 152 3,810 169 4,075 2,694 8,102 51,214 2,307 49,041 29, 195 20,308 45, 805 64,419 13, 360 32,917 5,016 2,9.56 6,081 3,918 4,009 25,093 102 31,762 2.5,636 17,415 41,080 64,862 13,451 33, 364 4, 115 133 4,909 3,055 2,869 26, 899 2,876 60, .593 24, 782 18,441 44, 965 90, 253 9,134 31,716 5,416 2,137 4,302 3,1.80 2.56 1,164 18 2,667 2 924 "' 949 1,.517 1,929 546 2,340 4.58 34 580 262 246 2.974 353 6,915 3,9:51 1,764 3,491 10, 623 717 3,948 435 327 519 363 7,687 51,063 239 11.5,739 7S, 046 40,342 108, 506 19S, 0-16 21,622 93, 733 9,334 599 1.5,175 6,172 12,012 85; 110 4,821 223,064 Kansas Louisiana Jlinnesota Missouri Montana Nebraska Norlli Daliota.. Olilahoma South Dakota.. Wj-oming 87,510 55,527 137,998 302,949 ■?,■>, 217 103,097 16,;303 9,226 21.413 7,864 Total 755 777 9S, 263 80,126 216,609 329, 699 209,016 317,563 1.5,644 36,596 746,903 1,099,111 Mexican Cession: Arizona California Now Mexico . . . Nevada Utah 2 37 9 2 10 5' 38 9 1 10 150 8,475 975 2S2 2,060 400 10,998 710 82 1,600 293 18,236 2,301 245 4,442 2,076 &5.195 3;558 433 6,072 204 29,568 2,236 635 4,926 1,328 33,029 2, .525 351 2,956 83 1,188 249 63 301 187 3,&58 4.58 20 930 1,2.58 262,643 4,732 1,320 14,791 5.624 387, 583 7,668 2,670 42, 736 Total 60 63 11,942 13,790 25,517 46,334 28,669 40,189 1,834 5,4-53 284,7-44 446, '281 Oregon: Idaho 7 37 51 9 27 31 400 2.975 5,327 550 2,370 8,2.50 1,398 9,ai3 14,341 3,799 11,782 20,934 1,088 11,060 15,106 1,367 7, .573 12,188 93 590 1,065 178 958 936 2,595 23,699 32,992 6,144 Oregon Washington 23,517 43,216 Total 95 07 8,702 6,170 25,582 36,515 27,254 21,128 1,748 2,072 59,286 72,877 189 223 22,227 19,619 30,4.50 49,749 48,814 56,453 3,821 7,177 83,099 103,418 Grand total .. 1,099 1,130 141,134 119,705 298,158 462,297 373,653 435,333 23,047 51,298 1,174,032 1,721,687 • In thousands of dollars. !001. TEKEITOEIAL EXPANSION OP THE UNITED STATES. 1005 No. 33. — 1S6S. Wyoming TEKrxi-roKY Formed fko.m Eastern Part of Territory of Idaho. No. 34. 1SS9-1890. Dakota Territory Divided and States of North and South Dakota Admitted (1889). — Oklahoma TERRiToitY Formed (1890) from Part of Indian Territory and Unorganized Territory' North op Texas. 100(5 TEEEITOEIAL EXPAJS^SION OP THE UNITED STATES. [SErxEMiiEK, loul.] ^' I H Ap '07 i I I