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 The History of the Flag was compiled by the 
 National Patriotic Instructor, during the administra- 
 tion of Mrs. Ella Jones, National President of the 
 Ladies of the Grand Army of the Republic, 1912- 
 1913, whose untiring efforts and earnest endeavors, 
 for twenty-four years of devotion to our Order, has 
 endeared her to all her associates. In all these years 
 she has seen no obstacle too difficult to surmount 
 and allowed no failure to defeat her in the prosecu- 
 tion of a purpose that she knew would benefit the 
 soldier or the widow. When her work as National 
 President has ceased, her name will go down in the 
 history of our Order — not alone on account of the 
 extent and efficiency of her work, not alone for the 
 great interest she displayed in advancing the useful- 
 ness of our Order, but for the grand and noble spirit 
 of Fraternity, Charity and Loyalty she manifested in 
 all her labors and for the splendid example of high, 
 moral and intellectual attainment and for her strict 
 observance of all that was right and just and true. 
 
 The National President appoints the Na- 
 tional Patriotic Instructor of this Order, whose 
 duty it is to promote patriotism, to teach the chil- 
 dren to honor and venerate the names of the 
 heroes who fought to maintain the principles of 
 our government, to train them in the Flag Salute of 
 our Order and to see that the children are instructed 
 in the history of their country. 
 
 The Department Patriotic Instructors of each 
 State have a similar duty to perform; the Patriotic 
 Instructors of the local organizations, called Cir- 
 cles, teach also the lessons of patriotism and the 
 duties of citizenship. 
 

Sty* 3Uag Wt Saw 
 
 Mrs. Lillian Clark Cary. 
 Behold our Flag! the red and white and blue, 
 
 Whose peer is yet to be unfurled. 
 A Flag that no defeat-dishonor ever knew, 
 
 The stainless banner of the Christian world. 
 
 It stands for truth, for justice and for right; 
 
 For freedom of the soul, that led 
 Its heroes on to battle through the night, 
 
 Nor ever fear of death to dread. 
 
 There beams from out its stars of purest white, 
 Above the field of heaven's blue, . 
 
 A calm and ever shining peaceful light — 
 A symbol of His promise true. 
 
 Its stripes in crimson folds forever gleam, 
 And long wide bars of spotless white ; 
 
 The hard fought struggle of the Old Thirteen 
 Fbr Justice, Liberty and Right. 
 
 Its beauty and its glory are not claimed 
 
 Nor owned by any potentate, 
 It was not made in any sovereign's name, 
 
 Or fashioned only for the rich and great. 
 
 It waves from every housetop, church and home 
 And from the lofty towers above; 
 
 It is the flag of every humble home, 
 And of the Christian land we love. 
 
 —5— 
 
As long as God shall ever reign above, 
 
 And earth her mission yet fulfill, 
 The Stars and Stripes, our nation's pledge of love. 
 
 Shall wave unsullied o'er us still. 
 
 Behold our Flag! sound forth the battle cry! 
 
 Until the rocks and hills will move, 
 'Till echoes long and loud from sea and sky, 
 
 Repeat the story of our love. 
 
 "I pledge allegiance to my Flag and to the 
 Republic for which it stands : One Nation indivis- 
 ible, with Liberty and Justice for All." 
 
®ty fftatnrg of Wnt 3Uag 
 
 Patriotism is the creature of early association. 
 It begins in the heart of the boy at a very early 
 age. The rocking horse and battered baseball are 
 the objects of his childish affection, and around 
 them he weaves a story in fancy that carries with 
 it the spirit of chivalry and the right to protect. He 
 learns to love the trees that surround his home, 
 the lane at his father's gate and the swallows that 
 build their nests in the eaves. In after years he 
 loves his country with all the ardor of his soul, 
 that gives him a place in her glorious citizenship. 
 Patriotism is therefore instinctive. Count Tolstoy 
 has said : "It is impossible to unite patriotism 
 with peace." The American people believe that it 
 can be united with peace, and that is the kind of 
 patriotism that is being taught by the patriotic in- 
 structors of today. Centuries ago in foreign coun- 
 tries patriotism meant fidelity to a king, a tribe, a 
 hero; and that fidelity was marked by cruelty and 
 rapine and war. The people called it patriotism, 
 but it was war; and such a fidelity was not in 
 harmony with peace. In this day of progress and 
 reform good citizenship marks the patriot. He 
 loves his country; he must love the principles for 
 which it stands. 
 
 Physical courage and contempt of death are 
 not the only characteristics of a soldier; a military 
 
uniform and a military bearing do not make the 
 soldier. He who puts on the full armor and goes 
 out to meet the enemy in the heat of battle must 
 have a conception of that which is right. "Not by 
 material forces, but by moral forces are the actions 
 of men governed." 
 
 Right thought, right principles, reverence for 
 human life mark the patriot. Our patriotism in 
 these days is tested in the defense of our liberties 
 as we understand them and the enforcement of 
 our laws as they are written. 
 
 The high standard of citizenship, obedience to 
 law, the enforcement of law and the education of 
 the people that they may understand those laws 
 are predominant features in our national life. 
 The general trend of our nation should be towards 
 the achievement of the highest ideals. A pessim- 
 istic view of the future of our country is not pa- 
 triotic. The abolishing of organizations that 
 would monopolize the power, the wealth, the re- 
 sources of our nation, the entire disbanding of 
 cliques and sects whose doctrines are demoraliz- 
 ing and anarchistic, all of these reforms in our 
 national life must come to teach men that they 
 cannot pay allegiance to the flag without paying 
 allegiance to that which it represents — liberty, jus- 
 tice, equality — "a government of the people, by 
 the people and for the people." 
 
 Therefore the kind of patriotism that is being 
 taught today, by those qualified to teach, is not 
 that which will lead to the gathering of armies for the 
 overthrow of enemies in order that victory may 
 be won, but a patriotism that will make the future 
 history of our country a lesson to the world of de- 
 
 —8— 
 
voted loyalty to the highest principles of states- 
 manship. 
 
 That patriotism that led the American sol- 
 dier on to fields of battle is a symbol of devotion 
 to country and that devotion is marked today by 
 many great monuments. A love and veneration 
 for their services and a desire to perpetuate their 
 memory through all generations to come, by 
 American citizens, the inscription of their names 
 and heroic deeds on the hearts of a loving people 
 are imperishable memorials. It is not the flag of 
 a president or monarch, but the flag of every 
 American citizen to which a hero owes his devo- 
 tion. We cannot look upon that banner without 
 acquiring a larger conception of loyalty, of patriot- 
 ism, of duty. 
 
 We love our flag not because it waved in vic- 
 tory over many fields of battle, but we love it for 
 what it represents. 
 
 The Flag stands for power, for liberty. It 
 stands for the great principles of the American 
 government that Washington and Lincoln and hosts 
 of others have built up by tireless efforts and long 
 continued fidelity at the post of duty. Our flag 
 was established one hundred and thirty-six years 
 ago and has been unfurled in five great wars and 
 sixteen conflicts with the Indians. It is the great- 
 est flag of the greatest nation. General Grant said 
 of it: "No one is great enough to write his name 
 upon it." 
 
 "No tyrant hath claimed that flag for his own 
 
 Its bright folds were never unfurled 
 To flatter or shelter the glare of a throne; 
 That banner was born for the world." 
 
 —9— 
 
During the ancient days a standard was al- 
 ways carried by leaders into battle, and these en- 
 signs were regarded as symbols of power and an 
 inspiration to victory. 
 
 In military expeditions standards are used tc 
 mark out the stations or encampments. Old Tes- 
 tament history records the use of standards as 
 designating the tribe or family. In Numbers 2-34 
 there is an account of how "Israel pitched by their 
 standards every one after their families." Jere- 
 miah said to his people (4-6) : "Set up a standard 
 toward Zion." The standards of the Hebrews re- 
 sembled those of the Egyptians and Assyrians— a 
 figure or device of some kind elevated on a pole 
 The Persians bore an eagle fixed to a head of a 
 lance, while the dragon was the ensign of the 
 Chinese and Parthians. Constantine the Great 
 used as his standard the Lebarum, a long pole with 
 a gold cross, which he carried as a sign of victory 
 before his army. 
 
 The soldiers of the Eternal City swore by their 
 ensign. They often advanced into battle with a 
 whisp of hay. These ensigns were guarded with 
 religious veneration. 
 
 The North American Indians carried poles 
 fledged with feathers from the wings of eagles 
 Streamers and tassel pendants on standards began 
 to be used and gradually these were replaced by 
 flags. Thus the flag is an emblem of great 
 antiquity. 
 
 In early days the cross was employed as a stand- 
 ard, and when the English landed on this continent 
 under the leadership of John Cabot the Cross of St. 
 George was unfurled; previous to this time the flag 
 
 —10— 
 
that Columbus planted upon our shores was that of 
 Leon and Castile. The Spaniards brought with them 
 two flags, the flag that marked the voyage and the en- 
 sign of Spain. This is the earliest history of Euro- 
 pean flags on our continent of which we have any 
 knowledge. The French, the Dutch, the English 
 all brought the different banners of their nations 
 and unfurled them on our continent. The Flag of 
 England was the flag of the colonies from the 
 settlement of Jamestown, 1607, until the Revolu- 
 tion. When the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth they 
 carried the cross of St. George, the flag of the 
 English ships. When the two kingdoms of Eng- 
 land and Scotland were united in the reign of the 
 first Stuart, the crosses of the two nations were 
 united : the cross of St. George for England, a red 
 cross on a white ground, and the cross of St. An- 
 drew for Scotland, a white cross on a blue ground, 
 were joined in one field and the flag was called the 
 King's colors. 
 
 The colonists began to realize their own in- 
 dependence. Their early experience had taught 
 them many lessons that were well learned. From 
 the very beginning they showed a disposition of 
 displeasure with the King's colors. The cross 
 stood for persecutions they had not forgotten. It 
 represented a power that was distasteful to the 
 Puritans because it stood for a religion which 
 they regarded at that time as false and under 
 which they had suffered. In Salem, Mass., some 
 of the extreme ones cut out the cross from the 
 banner of the soldiery. This placed those in 
 authority in a queer dilemma; they did not want 
 to countenance a disloyalty to the flag nor did 
 
 —11— 
 
they want to offend their own people. As a com- 
 promise, the King's colors were placed over the 
 castle in Boston Harbor, and the military com- 
 panies were empowered to choose their own col- 
 ors. As a result the American Revolution began 
 its battles under many flying flags. In 1651 the 
 Governor of Massachusetts ordered "That the cap 
 tain advance the colors of England on all occa- 
 sions." The colors were the white flag of St. 
 George that had been adopted by the English 
 parliament. 
 
 When Gen. Putman read a declaration from 
 the Continental Congress which set forth the cause 
 and necessity for taking up arms against England, 
 the soldiers showed their pleasure and enthusiasm 
 by loud cheering, and after the prayer by the chap- 
 lain, following a salute from the cannon, a beau- 
 tiful red flag was unfurled with two mottoes, "He 
 who transplanted still sustains," and the motto of 
 Massachusetts, "An Appeal to Heaven." On one 
 side of this was a red ground and on the other a 
 pine tree, a design used on a number of New Eng- 
 land flags. In 1652 the pine tree a ppeared on 
 silver coins of the Massachusetts colony. 
 
 In 1643 the colonies of Plymouth, Massa- 
 chusetts Bay and Connecticut were united in a 
 league which was called the United Colonies of 
 New England. This was the first union in the 
 western world. In 1686 they adopted a common 
 flag which was received from the King. 
 
 "When the embattled farmers fired the shot 
 that was heard around the world," Capt. Nathan- 
 iel Page, who was flag-bearer of his company at 
 Concord and a minute-man of the Town of Bed- 
 
 —12— 
 
ford, Mass., carried a flag with a maroon ground 
 bearing an outstretched hand grasping a sword 
 and on which was the inscription, "Vince Aut 
 Morire" (Conquer or Die). Historians say that 
 this flag is now in the Public Library at Bedford, 
 Mass. 
 
 During the early part of the Revolutionary 
 War each military company had its standard. 
 Sometimes the company had special standards and 
 sometimes the state arms were displayed. For 
 seventy-five years the different military organiza- 
 tions carried flags of their own design. "The Rattle 
 Snake Flag" was a peculiar standard and was borne 
 on several flags; but it was not long in use, as an 
 ensign of this kind showed a defiant attitude. It 
 had a ground of thirteen horizontal bars, alternate 
 red and white, while the snake extending across 
 the stripes bore the motto "Don't Tread On Me." 
 
 Count Pulaski, a Polish patriot, fought desper- 
 ately to free his country from the grasp of Russian 
 tyranny, and, after a term of imprisonment, went to 
 France, and subsequently came to America. He 
 arrived in Philadelphia and volunteered to serve in 
 the American army. He distinguished himself in 
 battle and rose to the rank of brigadier general. 
 His corps was called "Pulaski's Legion" and the 
 "Moravian Sisters of Bethlehem," Pennsylvania 
 presented to his corps a crimson banner embroi- 
 dered in yellow silk and sent it to him with their 
 blessing. Longfellow has described in beautiful 
 verse the presentation of this flag. It was given 
 to Pulaski while he was suffering from a wound. 
 In the assault on Savannah, Ga., he was mortally 
 wounded and died in that city. 
 
 —13— 
 
The banner carried by the Philadelphia troop 
 of Light Horse, who escorted General Washington 
 to New York in 1775 was presented to the troop 
 by Abram Markoe, a patriot. It was thirty-four 
 inches wide and forty inches long and was made 
 of yellow silk with thirteen stripes in the upper 
 left hand corner and bore the motto "For These 
 We Strive." A hundred and thirty years have 
 passed away since this flag was presented to the 
 troop, but it is well preserved in a glass case in 
 the Armory at Philadelphia. 
 
 When the Continental Congress was in session 
 in 1775, a committee was appointed consisting of 
 Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Harrison and Thos. 
 Lynch to design a flag. The troops had now be- 
 come the army of the colonies united together to 
 resist unjust taxation. The designing of the new 
 flag was an important matter. The committee 
 reached Washington's camp October fifteenth 
 and remained there until the twenty-second. We 
 have but very little record of the report of that 
 committee, but, however, on the second day of 
 January, 1776, the flag floated over the American 
 camp at Cambridge. This flag had thirteen stripes, 
 red and white, with the crosses of St. George and 
 St. Andrew, and on account of the union of the 
 colonies was called the "Flag of the Union." 
 Washington says: "We hoisted the Union flag in 
 compliment to the thirteen colonies and saluted it 
 with thirteen guns." 
 
 Paul Jones, the great patriot, flung to the 
 breeze an ensign which was the first flag of Amer- 
 ica ever shown on a man-of-war. There has been 
 much discussion as to what flag was unfurled on 
 
 —14— 
 
the "Alfred," by Paul Jones and there seems to be 
 no authentic account of it, but one writer says 
 it was the "Pine Tree Flag" and Admiral Preble, who 
 is authority on the subject, says it was the "Flag of 
 America" which Jones unfurled on the "Alfred," 
 the Union flag of thirteen stripes symbolizing the 
 thirteen colonies, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, 
 Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, 
 Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North 
 Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. 
 
 The flag raised by Washington at Cambridge 
 was not satisfactory to the Continental Congress. 
 The standard was obsolete. Why was it neces- 
 sary for the King's colors to be displayed in 
 America? The old flag represented the longings 
 the aspirations, the hardships of the thirteen col- 
 onies who had struggled for independence. They 
 had secured that independence at a great sacrifice 
 and there must be a new flag to represent the 
 new ideas of the new nation. Congress appointed a 
 committee composed of General Washington, Robert 
 Morris and George Ross to design a flag. They 
 called on Mrs. Betsy Ross at her little home on Arch 
 street, Philadelphia, and requested her to make a 
 flag with thirteen stars to harmonize with the thir- 
 teen stripes. We have no complete knowledge ji 
 the designing of this flag, but we do know that when 
 that flag was born it symbolized a patriotism and 
 an independence that has ever since been character- 
 istic of the American people. 
 
 The resolution was passed June 14, 1777, estab- 
 lishing the flag. "That the flag of the thirteen 
 United States be thirteen stripes alternate red and 
 white; that the Union he thirteen stars, white in a 
 
 —15— 
 
blue field." It was not officially promulgated until 
 September 3, 1777. The new flag was displayed in 
 the Battle of Brandy wine on September 11. Before 
 this it had been displayed at Fort Stanwix, now 
 Fort Schuyler, the site of which is now occupied 
 by Rome, New York. The fort was invested and 
 the garrison having no colors proceeded to manu- 
 facture a standard. Shirts were cut up to furnish 
 the white material ; blue came from the cloak of an 
 officer and red came in small pieces from different 
 soldiers. At the surrender of the British under 
 General Burgoyne, the decisive engagement of the 
 war, the new flag was in evidence. 
 
 General Washington was a descendant of an 
 Fnglish family, and his ancestors bore a coat of 
 arms that he used as a seal. One historian says : 
 "At the old church at Brighton, England, the tombs 
 of Washington's ancestors are marked by memorial 
 plates of brass bearing the arms of the family, which 
 consisted of a shield that bore the stars and stripes." 
 It is supposed that the stars of the American flag 
 w r ere suggested by the three stars on the coat of arms. 
 Another theory advanced by historians is that it 
 represented the elevated purposes and lofty ideas of 
 the citizens of the republic. From the Cambridge 
 flag the national flag was derived. The thirteen 
 stripes, one for each colony, alternately red and 
 white, which were a part of the colonial flag, were 
 retained ; but the Union instead of showng the 
 King's colors displayed a new constellation, thirteen 
 white stars in a blue field. 
 
 Charles Sumner said : "The stripes alternate 
 red and white proclaim the original union of the 
 thirteen states to maintain the Declaration of In- 
 
 —16— 
 
dependence. The stars proclaim the union of states 
 constituting our national constellation, which gives 
 a new star with every new state. The two together 
 signify union. The very colors have a significance 
 — white is for purity; red for valor; blue for jus- 
 tice, and altogether stars and stripes and colors 
 blazing in the sky make a flag to be cherished by 
 all our hearts, to be upheld by all our hands." 
 
 Our flag is not the youngest of National sym- 
 bols. Very many of the present flags of Europe 
 are much more recent than our flag. The flag of 
 the German Empire dates from 1871. The flag of 
 Italy was adopted in 1848. The flag of Spain in 
 its present form is not older than 1785; Portugal 
 dates from 1830. 
 
 One historian says : "The treaty of peace be- 
 tween England and the United States was signed 
 in Paris on September 3, 1783. This was the ac- 
 knowledgment by Great Britain of the independ- 
 ence of her former colonies ; and the other nations 
 of Europe stood by consenting. Our flag was ad- 
 mitted, at that time, on equal terms with the stand- 
 ards of ancient kingdoms and states, to the com- 
 pany of the banners of the world." 
 
 In 1795 the first change was made in the Na- 
 tional flag, after the admission of Vermont and 
 Kentucky into the Union, when Congress ordered 
 "That from and after the first day of May the flag 
 of the United States be fifteen stripes, alternate 
 red and white ; and the union be fifteen stars, white 
 in a blue field. 
 
 No change was made in the flag until 1818,. 
 when the admission of five other states — Tennes- 
 see, Ohio, Louisiana, Indiana and Mississippi — 
 
 —17— 
 
made the flag with fifteen stars out of harmony, 
 and Congress passed "An act to establish the Flag 
 of the United States." 
 
 'Section i. Be it enacted, etc., That from and 
 after the Fourth of July next, the flag of the 
 United States be thirteen horizontal stripes alter- 
 nate red and white; that the Union have twenty 
 stars white in a blue field. 
 
 'Section 2. And be it further enacted, That 
 on the admission of every new state in the Union, 
 — one star be added to the Union of the flag; and 
 that such addition shall take effect on the Fourth 
 of July next succeeding such admission. Approved 
 April 4, 1818." The first flag unfurled under the 
 new law was hoisted over the House of Represen- 
 tatives, April 14, 1818. 
 
 No change has been made in the National 
 Flag since 1818, the stars have been added until 
 we now have forty-eight stars. Each star repre- 
 sents a state and shows the development of the 
 Union; while each stripe stands for the original 
 thirteen states. The flags carried through the war 
 of 1812 had fifteen stars, those of the Mexican war 
 period twenty-nine. In the War of the Rebellion 
 the flag had thirty-five stars and in the Spanish 
 War they had increased to forty-five. 
 
 For eighty-nine years after the flag was adopt- 
 ed it was made from foreign material. The first 
 American flag made of American bunting was 
 hoisted over the Capitol at Washington February, 
 1866. It was the gift of Gen. F. Butler. 
 
 Our flag has been displayed in many parts of 
 the world. It was planted in Tripoli in 1805; in 
 
 —18— 
 
Mexico in 1846; in Manila, Porto Rico and Cuba in 
 1898. 
 
 When President Lincoln was informed on 
 reaching Philadelphia February, 1861, that en- 
 emies were plotting to take his life and that it 
 was unsafe for him to appear in public, he said: 
 "I promised to raise the American flag on old 
 Independence Hall tomorrow morning, the anni- 
 versary of Washington's Birthday, and in the same 
 afternoon to attend a reception by the Pennsyl- 
 vania legislature, and both these engagements I 
 will keep if it costs me my life." 
 
 That Abraham Lincoln loved the flag is at- 
 tested by his life of devotion and loyalty to his 
 country; and makes his character and career an 
 inspiration to every American citizen. 
 
 The flag that flew over Fort McHenry in Balti- 
 more harbor, on the night of September 13, 1814, 
 was made by the wife of Col. Henry S. Pickerell of 
 Baltimore. After exposure to shot and shell it 
 measured thirty feet square, each of its fifteen stripes 
 was about two feet broad and each of its fifteen 
 stars two feet from point to point. The flag has 
 been frequently used at celebration of the Bombard- 
 ment. September 14, 1824, it waved over General 
 Washington's war tent on the occasion of the recep- 
 tion to General LaFayette. It was exhibited at the 
 Centennial Exposition, and at the old South Church, 
 Boston, June 14, 1877, on the centennial anniver- 
 sary of the adoption by Congress of the stars and 
 stripes as the flag of the United States. In 1880, at 
 Baltimore, it formed a striking feature of the 
 celebration of the battle of Fort McHenry and had 
 as a guard of honor two hundred descendants of 
 
 —19— 
 
those who fought under it at that time. The flag 
 was presented recently to the National Museum at 
 Washington by Eben Appleton, a descendant of 
 Major George Armistead, who retained it as a 
 memento after the bombardment; the flag is now 
 the property of the government. It was this ban- 
 ner that inspired Francis Scott Key to write the 
 American national anthem. As Key looked across 
 the fort he saw "the flag was still there." It is 
 said he then wrote a sketch of the "Star-Spangled 
 Banner" on the back of a letter. 
 "Then conquer we must when our cause it is just, 
 And this be our motto, "In God is our trust;" 
 And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave 
 O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave." 
 
 Thus the history of the flag unfolds itself. 
 Thus we weave around it a story that will be told 
 through all ages. It will ever be unfurled upon 
 the breeze, and the great American people for 
 whose principles it stands, will see that its beauty 
 is never sullied, that not a single star is marred or a 
 single stripe is stained. 
 
 Flag Day, June 14, as a national anniversary is 
 becoming more general every year. Proclamations 
 are sent out ordering the flag to be placed on all 
 buildings on that day, and the observance by all 
 citizens of the birthday of our banner is earnestly 
 requested. 
 
 This Flag, the Stars and Stripes, was brought 
 home from the blood-stained battlefields of the 
 Southland by the heroes of the Rebellion. But as 
 we think of that War we recall the fact that more 
 than six hundred thousand did not return with the 
 battle flags, but fell, while they held them, dying 
 
 —20— 
 
in the service of their country. Brave and cour- 
 ageous Grant came home and Sherman and Sher- 
 idan and Thomas, who led the armies on to fields 
 of victory. They came with crowns of laurels, 
 with bronzed faces and tattered clothes still hold- 
 ing the flag of their country. 
 
 "The union of lakes, the union of lands, 
 The union of States none can sever, 
 
 The union of hearts, the union of hands, 
 And the Flag of our Union forever." 
 
 Ellsworth, who tore down the Confederate 
 flag, died on the stairs of the inn at Alexandria ; he 
 sleeps today in the Silent City of the Dead and 
 the flag of his country waves above his tomb. 
 Winthrop, who laid down his life in the first bat- 
 tle of the war; Baker, the gallant leader who 
 cheered his men at Bull Run and fell when a tre- 
 mendous onset was made, and Lyon and hundreds 
 and thousands of others "Sleep their long and 
 dreamless sleep, while their flag a requiem sings." 
 
 Admirals Dewey and Sampson and Schley car- 
 ried the Stars and Stripes amid the shot and shell, 
 and their valiant deeds and the deeds of the heroes 
 in that last war, and the courage they displayed, 
 place them on a pedestal of greatness and give them 
 rank among America's bravest and best of sol- 
 diers. They are a living example of patriotism to 
 the rising generation. The brave men who fell in 
 that last war have their banner as their winding 
 sheet. The final triumph was achieved by their 
 devotion to that flag and the cause it represents. 
 Their victories made this Republic once more che 
 admiration of the world. 
 
 —21— 
 
The soldiers of the Civil War who are with 
 us yet, but whose gray hair and faltering step re- 
 mind us that ere long they will gaze for the last 
 time on the banner they love, through all these 
 long years have built up a citizenship, have con- 
 tributed to a nation's welfare. They not only 
 fought and saved the flag but have upheld the prin- 
 ciples for which it stands. They have taught a pa- 
 triotism, an allegiance to country, which will be an 
 inspiration for all generations to come. Lives like 
 theirs must ever be an incitement to loyalty, and as 
 the "darkness deepens and earth's vain shadows 
 flee" they will say: 
 
 "I am not eager, bold nor strong, all that is past; 
 
 I am ready not to do at last — at last. 
 
 My good right hand forgets its cunning now — 
 
 To march the weary march I know not how. 
 
 My half day's work is done and this is all my part; 
 
 I give a patient God a patient heart. 
 
 And grasp His banner still though all the blue be 
 
 dim, 
 Knowing these stars as well as stripes lead after 
 
 Him." 
 
 -22— 
 
National (§f£un& 
 
 Ladies of the Grand Army of the Republic 
 1912-1913. 
 
 National President — Mrs. Ella S. Jones, Pittsburgh, 
 Pa. 
 
 National Senior Vice-President — Mrs. Edith S. 
 Brown, Pacific Grove, Cal. 
 
 National Junior Vice-President — Mrs. Mary Ross, 
 Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 National Secretary — Mrs. Josie Slicker, Jeannette, 
 Pa. 
 
 National Treasurer — Mrs. Nellie McMillan, Leaven- 
 worth, Kan. 
 
 National Chaplain — Mrs. Martha F. Gilmore, West 
 Lynn, Mass. 
 
 National Counsellor — Mrs. Catherine Ross, Chicago. 
 
 National Inspector — Mrs. Carrie V. Sheriff, Los 
 Angeles, Cal. 
 
 National Patriotic Instructor — Mrs. Lillian 
 Clark Cary, Dubuque, la. 
 
 National Corresponding Secretary — Mrs. Lyda Man- 
 son, Crawfordsvile, Ind. 
 
 Council of Administration 
 
 Mrs. Mary Belle Ross, Chicago, 111. 
 Mrs. Rose Houghton, Seattle, Wash. 
 Mrs. Ethel Irish, Fond du Lac, Wis. 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 022 211 909 1