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 ■SEE PAGE 58. 
 
 M, 8, GIBSON, 
 
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Mayors of Portland, 
 
 FROM IB77 TO I8BI. 
 I. MoMt M. Butltt. 2. Gtorgo Walker. 3. William Sonter. 
 
1 
 
 J. 
 
 REVISED EDITION, 
 
 'D 
 
 ^. >U/ A\ 
 
 ikL 
 
 jl « 
 
 With a Sketch of Old Orchard Beach and 
 Other Maine Resorts. 
 
 By EDWARD H. ELWELL. 
 
 ILLUSTRATGD. 
 
 .*. 
 
 
 Portland, Me.: LORING, SHORT & HARMON. 
 Providence, R. I. : J. A. & R. A. REID. 
 
 1881. 
 
COPVKIGHT. 
 
 J. A. & 11. A. KEID, Providence. 
 
 iSSi. 
 
 
 ^ 
 
Jili^ 
 
 ^''^ISMn. 
 
 The early voyagers, as they skirted along the shores of Maine, in the 
 twilight hours of discovery, were charmed with its secure harbors and noble 
 rivers, where sheltered groves and grassy banks lured them to the land. In 
 the attractions of calm waters, and sunny isles clothed with a luxuriant 
 forest, the bay of which we write excelled all others. Captain John Smith, 
 the first of Maine tourists, in his account of his famous summer trip along 
 our shores, in 1614, thus describes it : " Westward of Kennebec is the 
 Country of Aucocisco, in the bottom of a deep bay full of many great isles, 
 which divide it into many great harbors." This was Casco £ay, the present 
 name of which is a corrujjtion of the Indian word Aucocisco^ which, accord- 
 ing to some authorities, signifies " a resting place," though others give it 
 the interpretation of crane or heron. In view of the many halcyon retreats 
 from toil and care which its islands afford, the former would seem to be the 
 more appropriate designation, though the water fowl indicated by the latter 
 still frequent the bay. 
 
 One can imagine the delight, when this land was new and clothed with 
 the glamour of surprise, of sailing from the surges of the Atlantic into the 
 sheltered roadsteads of this bay, along the green shores of its forest-crowned 
 islands and out-reaching peninsulas, far into the heart of the land, where the 
 placid waters reflected in their cool depths the verdant foliage which over- 
 hung them, in the silence and seclusion of a solitude unbroken save by the 
 songs of birds of varied plumage flitting through "the forest primeval." 
 No element of beauty was wanting to this miniature archipelago, and the 
 native inhabitants, who had an eye for sunny spots and grassy glades, made 
 it a place of frequent resort. They found in its waters an inexhaustible 
 supply of provisions, and the evidences of their feasts still remain in the 
 heaps of clam-shells found on 'the shores of the islands. 
 
 Here is a little bay, extending from Cape Elizabeth to Cape Small 
 Point, a distance of about eighteen iniles, with a depth of about twelve 
 miles, more thickly studded with islands than any water of like extent on 
 the coast of the United States. Unlike the low, sandy islands of the 
 Massachusetts coast, these are of the most picturesque forms, while bold 
 
 is 
 
POBTLAXD A.\D VfCIXITY. 
 
 headlands and peninsulas jut far out into the waters. There is the greatest 
 possible variety in the forms and grouping of these islands. Some lie in 
 clusters, sonic are coupled togetlicr by connecting sand-bars, bare at low- 
 water, while others are solitary and alone. Nearly all of them are indented 
 with beautiful coves, and crowned with a mingled growth of in:i])li-, oak, 
 beech, pine and fir, extending often to the water's edge, and reflected in 
 many a deep inlet and winding channel. In the thick covert of the firs and 
 spruces are many green, sunny spots, as sheltered and remote as if far 
 inland, while beneath the wide-spreading oaks and beeches are jileasant 
 walks and open glades. 
 
 These islands are of all sizes, from the little rocky islet, covered by the 
 sea at high tide, to those which contain thousands of acres and hundreds of 
 inhabitants. Though some of tliem present bold headlands, there is nothing 
 barren or desolate in their aspect. For the most part they rise like mounds 
 of verdure from the sea, forest-crowned, and from their summits one may 
 behold on the one hand the waves of the Atlantic, breaking almost at his 
 feet, and on the other, the jilacid waters of the bay, spangled by multitudi- 
 nous gems of emerald, while in the dim distance he discerns, on the liorizon, 
 the sublime peaks of the White Mountains. It is impossible to conceive of 
 any combination of scenery more charming, more romantic, more captiva- 
 ting to the eye, or more suggestive to the imagination. 
 
 It is a popular legend that the islands in Casco Bay nuinljcr three hun- 
 dred and sixty-five, a compliment to the days of the year which is also 
 commonly attributed to Lake George, Lake Winnepesaukee, and several 
 other bodies of water. Whence it had its origin it is impossible to say, 
 since numerous as are these islands it is not difficult to count them. If 
 we take down the chart and run our eye over it we see the islands fall 
 naturally into three divisions or ranges, which we will set down in their 
 order, beginning each with the island nearest Portland, and running 
 eastward : 
 
 IxxER Kaxgi:. — Mackay's, The Brothers (-2), Ten Pound, Clapboard, 
 .Stunlevaiit, Basket, Cousins, J^ittlejohn's, Lane's, Moshier's(;i), Crab, Bil)b(.'r's, 
 Silver (4), two unnamed. 
 
 MiDDLK Raxce. — Hog or Diamond (2), Cow, Crow Knob, Chebeague 
 (2), Crow, Irony, Goose Nest, Little Green, French, Wlialeboat (2), (ioose 
 ("2), Goslin (2), Shelter, Birch, White's, four unnamed. 
 
 OiTKK IIan<;e. — House, Cushing's, Ham, Peaks', Pumjikin Knob, Over- 
 set, Marsh, Long, Ste])])ing Stones (3), Hope, Crotch, Jewell's, Sand, Outer 
 Green (2), Broken Cave (3), Bates', Ministerial, Stave, Little Bangs, Stock- 
 man's, Whale Rock, Haddock Ledge, Mark, Eagle, Ujipcr Flag, Horse, 
 Birch, Haskell's, Turni]), Ja<|uisl), Bailey's, Orr's, Jebaskadiggin, Pond, Bam 
 No. 2, Cedar (6), Elm (2), Bagged, Bold Dick, White Bull, Little Bull, 
 Sisters (2), Mark No. 2, Brown Cow, (looseberry. Wood (2), Burnt Coat, 
 
POBTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 Jameson's Ledge, Lower Flag, Horse No. 2, Malaga, Bear, Rogue, one un- 
 named, Jenny's, Yarmouth, two unnamed, Pote, Hopkins', Bateman's, Long 
 No. '1, three unnamed. 
 
 Here are one hundred and twenty-two islands and islets, and we have 
 perhaps left uncounted many rocks and reefs which might be made to swell 
 the number, but it probably would not extend beyond one hundred and 
 thirty-six". Many of the names of these islands are curious. Some are derived 
 from early proprietoi-s, others owe their origin to some trifling incident or a 
 characteristic feature, while a few, like Chebeague and Jebaskadiggin, are of 
 the aboriginal tongue. They are all homely and unromantic enough, but 
 are not easily changed. Hog Island, which, though so inelegantly named, is 
 one of the most beautiful in the bay — 
 
 "The gem of Casco's lovely isles," 
 has been so called since 1634, though it is now beginning to be known as 
 Diamond Island, a name long applied to the largest of its many coves. 
 
 The bay is almost as remarkable for its peninsulas as for its many 
 islands. At its western extremity, between the sheltered waters of Foi-e 
 River and Back Cove, extends the Neck on which Portland is built. At the 
 eastern end the long narrow peninsula of Harpswell stretches far out into 
 the quiet waters, flanked by many islands. The land here is very much 
 broken, the islands cluster thickest, and the mainland reaches out many 
 fingers, between which creeks and inlets and tidal rivers extend far inland. 
 The shore is fringed with picturesque " Points." The Presumpscot River 
 brings down in a full stream, the waters of Sebago Lake, and discharges 
 them at a point a little north of Portland harbor. 
 
 The waters of the bay present as many attractions to fishermen and 
 sportsmen as do the islands to the seekers after health and recreation. The 
 early voyagers found them full of fish. Hither came Capt. John Smith in 
 pursuit of whales, though he caught not many. The early settlers, when 
 they met to talk over the wonders of the new land, told marvellous tales of 
 the strange creatures found in the bay. Jocelyn, who was here in 1639, tells 
 of one Mitton, a great fowler, who encountered a triton, or mereman, in its 
 waters. As he was fetching a compass about a small island for the advan- 
 tage of a shot, the creature laid its hands upon the side of the canoe, where- 
 upon the said Mitton actually chopped one of them off with a hatchet, and 
 he solemnly averred that it was in all respects like the hand of a man. The 
 triton presently sank, dyeing the waters with its purple blood, and unfortu- 
 nately his like has never since been seen. Jocelyn, too, makes the first 
 mention of the sea serpent on our coast, seen coiled up like a cable on a 
 rock at Cape Ann. This monster must therefore be considered an ancient 
 inhabitant of our waters, and Casco Bay is one of its favorite haunts. It 
 has frequently been encountered off Cape Elizabeth, and we have good 
 authority for saying that it has even paid our harbor a visit within a few 
 years past. 
 
6 ruUTLASD AXD virisiiy. 
 
 On a ledge in tlie inner bay, off the shore of FahnonUi, the seals still 
 breed, and sport in the calni waters. More real is the jiresence of the pug- 
 nacious sword-fish, in the pursuit of which our fishermen find not only sport 
 but profit, since its flesh is by many esteemed a delicacy, and finds a ready 
 sale in our market. Of the other edible iisli there is great .abundance and 
 variety. The earliest inhabitants made great profit by catching fish and 
 drying them on Richmond's Island, and for more than two hundred years 
 House Island has been the scene of similar operations. Looking from some 
 headland, on a bright summer day, it is a beautiful sight to see, on the 
 horizon, the white sails of the mackerel fleet standing out against the blue 
 sky. Here, too, the oleaginous porgy is pursued by steamers, while the 
 fishermen catch for the market, cod, pollock, hake, haddock, and halibut. 
 Along the rocky shore the cunner or sea-perch, best of pan fish, is caught, 
 and furnishes tlie substantial dish of many a feast on the rocks, while in the 
 creeks and inlets the silvery smelt .abounds. 
 
 Of sea fowl there is still no lack, though they are not so abundant as 
 fifty or even twenty-five years ago, when off Bald Head, an outer promon- 
 tory at the south-eastern extremity of the bay, flocks might be seen passing 
 for days together. From the middle of A])ril to the middle of May great 
 numbers of old squaws (pin-tail ducks) fly into the bay in the morning, 
 through Ilussey's Sound, to feed, and out again at night, to rest on the 
 ocean. Then the gunners station themselves in boats, in a line from Long 
 Island to Peaks' Island, and shoot at the birds as they fly over. A few 
 geese are occasionally shot, but the shooting of coots (surf or velvet ducks) 
 affords more extensive sport than any other during A])ril and May. These 
 are shot over decoys and in flying past points of land and over bars. Bald 
 Head is a great resort of sportsmen, for there the coots, which will not fly 
 over the mainland when migrating, may be shot in passing. 
 
 Wi, Iking along the solitary outer shores the lonesome cry of the loon is 
 often heard, and they are sometimes seen in flocks of five or ten. The long 
 legged heron may be met at times stalking along the shore in search of fish, 
 and the ospray, or fishing eagle, builds its nest on some t.-ill tree, and catches 
 its prey by darting uiion them when near the surface of the water. 
 
 For many years this bay li:is been a pleasure ground, the resort of 
 lovers of the picturesque, as well .as those in pursuit of fish and game. How 
 many j)leasaiit associations cluster around the recollections of the ])ic-nic 
 parties at Diamond Cove, or fishing excursions farther down the bay. W-.\.v 
 by year the stream of summer visitors increases. An .afternoon triji to the 
 isl.aiuls is the daily recreation of our citizens in the summer season. The 
 extension of our railroad system now enables excursion parties, numbering 
 many liundreds, to come from jfoints fifty miles distant in the country and 
 s]iend a day in the enjoyment of the refreshing sea breezes of our bay, 
 returning home at iiiu'lil. I-'roni Canada and >itlur dislaiil points come 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 visitors who make a longer staj^, filling to overflowing the numerous hotels 
 and boarding-houses on Cushing's, Peaks', and Little Chebeague Islands, 
 and finding health and recreation in sea bathing and fishing. 
 
 Parties camping out dot with their white tents the shores of Little 
 Diamond, Cushing's and Peaks', and the more distant and secluded islands 
 of the bay. In the height of the season there have probably been at times 
 as many as five hundred people camping out on the islands of Casco Bay. 
 The building of summer cottages has begun, and before the lapse of many 
 years it must become one of the most frequented summer resorts on our 
 coast. Many steamers now fret its waters in the summer season, and fleets 
 of pleasure yachts frequent its secure roadsteads. 
 
 In beauty of scenery, in wide ocean views, healthful breezes, and facili- 
 ties for boating, bathing and fishing, it offers a most desirable place for the 
 recreation of visitors, and the happiness of its permanent inhabitants. 
 
 How delightful to sail through this enchanting bay, steering now hither 
 .and now thither, as caprice impels or as perpetually changing views attract 
 us. We may thread the intricate channels of the lower bay, where land 
 and water mingle in delightful confusion ; we may sail through the calm 
 waters of Broad Soiuid, past the out-lying Jewell's Island, where it is said 
 Capt. Kidd buried a portion of that great ill-gotten fortune which he scat- 
 tered so lavishly over the world ; we may pass into Luckses Sound in view 
 of the lofty, forest-crowned Hope Island, and entering the passage between 
 Long Island and Great Chebeague, — largest of the group, containing over 
 two thousand acres, — touch at Little Chebeague, and so skirting the shores 
 of Long Island and crossing Hussey's Sound, catching a glimpse of Diamond 
 Cove, that dimple of beauty in a Hog's snout, pass through Hog Island 
 Roads, with the green shores of Peaks' Island on one hand and the rocky 
 wall of Hog Island on the other, and entering Portland Harbor see, at its 
 head, the city, like 
 
 " a sea Cybele, fresh from ocean, 
 
 Rising with her tiara of proud towers, 
 At airy tlistance, with majestic motion, 
 A ruler of the waters aud their powers." 
 
PORTLAND A.\D VIC/.XITY. 
 
 POETL 
 
 jJl 1 \ AJ» 
 
 HISTORY. 
 
 Settled in 1I5",2 — Population, by census of 1870,31,418; by census of 1880,33,810 
 Area, 1,60(5 acres; includinj^ islands, 4.()0'J. North latitude 43 deg. , 39 min., 27 
 sec; west loiii;itude from Greenwich 70 deg., 1") min., 40 sec. A.sscssed valuation, 
 1880: real estate, §19,777,200; personal estate, .$11,376,456 — total, $31,153,656. 
 
 The two centuries ;in<l a half which have nearly cla]i.sed since the settle- 
 ment of Portl;ui(l in.ay lie ilivicled into five jieriods, each ending with .-m 
 
 ":4^. -^ 
 
 Portidnd in 1632, ovitn Cieevet and Tucker butlding the firtt log house. 
 
 important event in its history. The first extends from •- - -jSJR->'^ 
 l(i3'J to Ki'.lll, and covers tlie time of settlement and of destruction by the 
 Indians. .\t its beginning we find George Cleeves and Ilichard Tucker, 
 driven liy .lolm Winter from the jiroprictors' lands at the mouth of the 
 Spurwink, making a new home for themselves on the sliorcs of the wooded 
 ]ieninsnla jutting out into the (juiet waters sheltered by Cape Elizabeth, on 
 wliieh now stands the city of Porllnnd. Cleeves l;inded on the- bc:icli now 
 covered by the made land of the (irand Trunk ]{ailway, :it .i poini .i little 
 east iif the fool of H.incock street, where a small brook niade its wav into 
 
PORTLAyV AND VICINITY. 9 
 
 the bay. Here he built the first house nud planted the first corn, his field 
 extending westward to Clay Cove. Our first settler was a restless, ambi- 
 tious and self-willed man, long jjrominent here ; his partner Richard Tucker 
 was of a more quiet dis];iosition, and attended to the trading, while Cleeves 
 devoted himself to public affairs. At first they were squatters, but in 1637 
 Cleeves went to England and obtained from Sir Ferdinando Gorges, the pro- 
 jirietor of this part of Maine, a grant of the peninsula on which he had built, 
 and other neighboring lands and islands. These he proceeded to parcel out 
 to settlers who sought the place, and a scattered community grew up on the 
 edge of the wilderness. It was long without government, and the morals 
 which prevailed were not of the highest order. The peojsle devoted them- 
 selves principally to fishing, and cheating the Indians in the purchase of 
 their furs. Beaver skins constituted their chief currency. They were 
 roughly clad and coarsely fed. They lived in temporary shelters of logs, 
 filled in with clay, or in houses of one story, with thatched roofs and 
 wooden chimneys. The 
 impenetrable forest was 
 behind them, the open 
 ocean before them, and 
 this was their highw.ay 
 and the chief source of 
 their sustenance. They 
 had no roads, and when 
 they traveled by land 
 to Massachusetts they crept along the seashore on the beaches, which were 
 the first highways. The settlement came to be known as Casco! In 1658 
 Massachusetts usurped the government of this territory and gave the na\)ie 
 of Falmouth to the town, but this portion of it continued to be called Casco 
 Neck until its incorporation as Portland in 1786. Falmouth comprised, in 
 .addition to the Neck, the territory now occupied by the towns of Cape 
 Elizabeth, Deering, Westbrook and Falmouth. Of course with Mas.sa- 
 chusetts rule came the imperative order for the settlement of a minister, 
 and the people built the first meeting-house on the point now occupied by 
 the Portland Company's works. There ofliciated the Rev. Mr. Burroughs, 
 a man so amiable and generous-hearted that the enlightened people of Salem 
 afterwards hanged liim for a wizard. 
 
 The settlement grew but slowly. In 167.5 there were only forty fami- 
 lies in town, of which but four or five lived on the Neck, then mostly 
 covered with a dense forest. During these forty or fifty years the Indians, 
 who from the first had received them hospitably, dwelt in peace with these 
 new comers. In return, all along this coast, they had been outrageously 
 wronged by vagabond and luipiinciplcd white men, and at last the day 
 of wrath came. In 167.5 King Philip arose to avenge the wrongs of his 
 
 oad to Massachusetts. 
 
10 
 
 POHTLAND AND VICIMTY. 
 
 Fust Chufcn in Portland. 
 
 j)eojile, and in the following year the blow fell upon Fahnouth. All the 
 settlements in the town were ravaged, and the inhabitants who had not 
 previously sought refuge in more secure places were killed or carried into 
 captivity, and tlie place was entirely de- 
 stroyed. The town remained desolate until 
 the peace of 1G78, when the inhabitants be- 
 gan to return and build up the waste ])laces. 
 Fort Loyal, the largest fortification on the 
 coast, was erected on a rocky eminence near 
 the foot of India street, where the round- 
 house of the Grand Trunk Railway now 
 stands, and Falmouth became a frontier 
 post. Government commissioners reallotted the land to new settlers, and 
 the old proprietors quarreled with them about it. \ new element in the 
 population was added by the accession of a ]»arty of French Huguenots. 
 The town began to prosj)er again. Mills were set up and inroads were 
 made on the forest. Trade in fish and lumber was opened with the towns 
 in Massachusetts. Roads were laid out, though they were mere foot-|)aths 
 througli the forest, — no vehicles having been introduced. In lOSl the first 
 tavern was opened, and licensed to sell si)irituous liquors, the intercourse u]) 
 to this time having been so limited that no inn Avas needed. 
 
 In 1688 the population had increased to six or seven liundred, com])ris- 
 ing eighty families, twenty-five of whom were living on the Neck. Then 
 came the second Indian war, caused partly by the failure of the English to 
 fulfil their treaty stipulations with the In- 
 dians, and partly by the instigation of the 
 Frcjnch. In 1089 tlie timely arrival of 
 Major Church, with a force of volunteer 
 troops and friendly Indians, saved the town 
 from destruction. A battle was fought on 
 the farm of Anthony Brackett, under Bram- 
 hall's Ilill, in which the Indians were de- 
 feated and driven off, the whites suffering a 
 loss of eleven killed and icii wounded. 
 Next year, 1000. the French and Indians came down five hundred strong, 
 killed I.ieiitemmt Clark and his scouting ]);irty of thii-teen men on Jlunjoy's 
 llili. cMpiured Fort Loyal after a siege of five days, and carried Captain 
 Davis, commander of the fort, and his surviving garrison ca])tives to 
 (Quebec. Thus the Neck was again made desolate, became a thoroughfare 
 for the savage and a resort for beasts of prey, and for many years was 
 known only as "deserted Casco." The war continued until 1008, after 
 wliirli a few old settlers straggled back to their desolated homes. The 
 center of ]iopulation and defence now >liifte<l to New Casco, a jioint of 
 
 First Hotol in Portland. 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 11 
 
 land east of the Presumpscot, where a fort was built in 1700. In 1703 the 
 war broke out again, and in that year twenty-five persons were killed by 
 the Indians on Purpooduck, at Spring Point, near where Fort Preble now 
 stands. The town was now entirely deserted of inhabitants, and did not 
 become the scene of further cruelties during the war. 
 
 The second period begins with the resettlement of the town in 1715, 
 and ends with its destruction by Mowatt in 1775. This was the era of 
 colonial growth and prosperity. In 1717 one IngersoU built a hut on the 
 Neck, where he lived some time alone, being thence called Governor Inger- 
 soU. In 1718 twenty families were settled there in a compact and defen- 
 sible manner. They clustered principally about the foot of India (then 
 called Broad) street, and eastward along the beach where had stood the 
 houses of Cleeves and Munjoy. This continued to be the court end of the 
 town until after the peace of 1783. The second meeting-house was erected 
 at the corner of Middle and India streets, where Rev. Thomas Smith, in 
 IT'Il, commenced his long ministry of over sixty-eight years. 
 
 Whert the town was incorporated in 1718 the Neck, above Clay Cove, 
 was all forest and swamp. A brook flowed from the northern part of 
 Hampshire street into the cove, which was crossed by bridges on Fore and 
 Middle streets, under which boats passed. There are men now living who 
 remember the old bridge on Middle street. The passages were at first only 
 trails or foot-paths through the woods, but gradually grew into streets, as 
 vehicles requiring them were introduced, and they were named the Fore, 
 the Middle, and the Back streets, the name of the latter, after the Revolu- 
 tion, being changed to Congress street. In 1774 the territory was occupied 
 as far westward as Center street, the upper portion of the Neck still being 
 covered with woods ; this was at the close of a period of sixty years of 
 steady growth. The Indians, broken and scattered, made peace in 1725, 
 which lasted for many years ; they dwindled away by death and by emigra- 
 tion to Canada. They took part against the English in the French wars of 
 1744 and the following years, and Falmouth was frequently alarmed by 
 their depredations in the neighborhood, but was never again seriously 
 threatened by them. In 1755 it had ceased to be a frontier post, and was 
 free from the alarm and danger to which it had formerly been exposed. 
 The people devoted themselves to the improvement of their condition ; new 
 mills were erected, and the forest as well as the sea was made a source of 
 profit. At one time in the year 1727 there were thirty vessels riding at 
 anchor in the harbor of Falmouth. Commerce was reviving. The articles 
 of export were fish, fur, and lumber. Population gradually increased ; in 
 1753 it numbered 720 souls on the Neck, and in the whole town, 2,712, 
 including 21 slaves, Parson Smith owning one. In 1774 the population of 
 the Neck had increased to 2,000. 
 
 The prosperity of the town was retarded by the frequent wars with the 
 
1'2 
 
 rOUTLAM) AMI VlLlMTY. 
 
 French, into the spirit of which, however, our people heartily entered. 
 They were Englislinien, and hated, of all things, the French, the Indians, 
 and the Devil ; these were their Trinity of evil. They joined with Massa- 
 chusetts in tlie ca))tiire of Louisburg, sending a company of fifty men, easily 
 enlisted. They had their dark and troubled times, often being in danger of 
 starvation from their neglect to cultivate the land. Corn was imj)orted 
 from North Carolina, and potatoes from Massachusetts, and the arrival of 
 a cargo of the former was often an occasion of great rejoicing. In 1737 
 
 Parson Smith writes in his journal : " There is 
 no wood, little corn ; sad complaints every- 
 where." At such times the sea was a great 
 resource. In 1741 the Parson writes again : 
 " The fish have but now struck in ; a great re- 
 lief to peoi)le almost perishing." Still the town 
 was growing, and trade increased. The English 
 navy was supplied with masts from our fori'sts, 
 ihe best pine trees being reserved for that ].ur- 
 ]iose, and marked with the broad arrow, which 
 indicated that they were not to be taken for 
 other purposes liy the settlers. A trade with 
 the West Indies also grew u)). On November 
 1, 17()(), six large ships were lying in the har- 
 bor. At the commencement of the Revolution 
 'IjMb tons of shi])ping were owned in Portland. 
 With the development of trade, and the 
 increase of wealth, distinctions of rank obtained 
 between the different classes of the community ; 
 The King's Mark " {],(> quality " lookcd down upon those engaged 
 
 in mechanical eiu|iloynients, and (lisported themselves in cocked hats, bush 
 wigs, and red cloaks. Dandies made themselves gorgeous in embroidered 
 silk vests with long j)Ocket flaps, and ruffles on their breasts and over their 
 liaiids, and even little boys had their heads shaved and wore wigs, as well 
 as buckskin breeches, common to all. 
 
 In the midst of increasing refinement and wealth came the great trial 
 of the Revolution. Our ])eo])le, who liad fought the Indians and tlie 
 French, were now brought into deadly conflict with their own countrymi'u. 
 They were patriots and stood iij) boldly for their rights as freemen. When 
 the news of the battle of Lexington reached Falmouth a strong comjiany 
 was immediately sent off to Cam!)riilge ; when the hated stamjis arrived 
 they were seized and burned; when tlie tax was imposed upon tea it was 
 resolved, in jwptdar .assemblage, "that we will not buy nor sell any India 
 tea whatever"; when the English goverinnent closed the port of Boston in 
 1774, the bell of Fahnuiitli meeting-house was mufllicl and tolled fimcreally 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 13 
 
 from sunrise to sunset. There were Tories in the town, but they were out- 
 numbered and put down. For these and other acts of patriotism the town 
 suffered a terrible doom. Piqued at liis capture and detention here the pre- 
 vious spring, by a party of militia from Brunswick, Captain Henry Mowatt 
 returned in October, 1775, with a fleet of five war vessels, and on the eigh- 
 teenth day of that month, a hundred and six years ago, laid the town in 
 ashes. It was always regarded by the townsmen as his personal act, and 
 it was one of great barbarity. The citizens nobly refused to give up their 
 arms, and Mowatt opened his batteries on the defenceless town, and not 
 content with this sent parties on shore to fire the houses. The people fled 
 in terror from their homes, taking with them what they could carry of their 
 household goods. All the compact part of the town was destroyed, em- 
 bracing 41-4 buildings, the whole loss being estimated at about £55,000 ; 
 only 100 dwelling-houses were left standing, many of which were much 
 
 THM 
 
 
 (no.T) S a T U R D /\ Y. Ja.n\ta>7 I. l;r85. (^^\.\) 
 
 Miniature fac-simile of Heading of first Newspaper published in Maine. 
 
 damaged. The place was again deserted, many of the inhabitants removing 
 to the country, and the few who remained among the ruins suffering great 
 'privations. Thus, for the third time, the town was made desolate, and so 
 ends the second period of its history. 
 
 The third opens with the peace of 1783 and ends with the war of 1812. 
 It was the period of commercial expansion and rapid increase of wealth, 
 ending with the first of those financial disasters of which the country has 
 since had frequent experience. With the establishment of national inde- 
 pendence new energies were awakened, and new ideas began to prevail. 
 Distinctions of rank and of dress gave way before the democratic spirit of 
 the times ; cocked hats, bush wigs, and breeches passed out, and pantaloons 
 came in. Captain Joseph Titcomb created quite a sensation when he re- 
 turned home from the South, in 1790, wearing the latter form of the nether 
 garment, — the first seen here. A sudden impulse to business was given by 
 
14 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 the close of the war. Population gradually increased. In 1784 there were 
 built on the Neck forty-one dwelling-houses, ten stores, and seven slio])s. 
 In 17X5 the first hrick liouse in town was coniniciiced, and the same year 
 aj>])eared the first newspajier, "Tlie Falmouth Gazette," published bv Ben- 
 jamin Tilconib and Thomas B. Waite. In 1786 the town was divided, and 
 the Neck, with the name of Portland, started on an inde|ieiulent career, 
 with a population of about "J,!)!!!). In 17il3 wharves were extended into the 
 harbor. In 1795 Nathaniel Deering built the first brick store. In 1799 the 
 first bank was incorporated. Trade advanced westward from the old site 
 at the foot of India street, and in 1800 Exchange (then called Fish) street 
 was the principal seat of business. The ])0])ulation by this time had in- 
 creased to 3,704, and in 1810 it had reached 7,169. A desirable class of 
 residents came in, bringing capital with them. Our merchants, no longer 
 content with a coasting trade, engaged in foreign commerce. Lumber and 
 fish continued to be the jjrincipal exports, but ships were also built and sent 
 on freighting voyages. From 1795 to 1805 the growth of the town in com- 
 mercial l)usiness atid general j>ros)ierity was unexaiiiiilod in New England. 
 Dr. Dwight, visiting the jilace in 1797, wrote: "No American town is more 
 entirely commercial, and of course none is more sprightly." The tonnage, 
 wliich in 1789 amounted to but .5,000, in 1807 had reached 30,000. The 
 duties collected at the Custom House increased from §8,109 in 1790 to 
 ?i34'2,909 in ISiKi. NMi)oleon Bonaparte had thrown all Europe into war, 
 and American bottoms, as being declared neutrals, monojiolized the carry- 
 ing trade. Portland shiji-owners jMofited accordingly and fortunes were 
 ra]ii(lly made. 
 
 With the increase of wealth came greater refinement and a more lavish 
 style of living. In 1801 our rich merchants began to build for themselves 
 hirge and elegant houses, some of which still remain to us, the square, old- 
 fashioned mansions, of noble front, with wide halls running through them, 
 admitting, in the rear, into large, high-fenced gardens, where fruit trees 
 flourished. Of such is the stately Matthew Cobb house, which still stands 
 at the corner of High and Free streets; the mansion built I'y Ebenezer* 
 Storer, corner of High and Danforth streets, now occupied by John 
 Mussey, Es(|., and that built by .Tosepli H. Tngraham, on State street. 
 These, and otliers like llicm, were the best houses in the .State, and some 
 which remain unaltered, like the fine old m:in>inn on the corner of High 
 and Sjiring streets, long the resi<lence of the late General Wingate, 
 still give evidence of the architectural taste and thorough workmaiisliij) 
 of the olden time. 
 
 Rut the |iros]ierity of the town received a sudden and disastrous check 
 by llie non-intercourse |iolicy of lb06, an<l the embargo which followed in 
 1807. Commerce was at once suspended, and tlie almost total destruction 
 of our shipping followed. Navigation fell otT nine thousand tons in two 
 
POBTLAXD AND VICINITY. 
 
 15 
 
 years, all the various classes to whom it gave support were thrown out of 
 employment; eleven commercial houses stopped payment in 1807, and 
 many others the fol- 
 lowing year. Great 
 distress prevailed 
 throughout the com- 
 nuiiiity, and the grass 
 literally grew upon 
 the wharves. In the 
 war of 1812, which 
 followed, our sea-far- 
 ing people manned 
 the privateers fitted 
 out here, some of 
 which ran a success- 
 ful career, and did 
 great damage to the 
 enemy, while others 
 were soon captured *"<' "^^ e'"^ '"=""'1' e"" "p"" '*" ''*^^"'"- 
 
 by sujierior force, and tlieir crews held as ])risoners. 
 
 We come now to the fourth j)eriod in the history of our city, begin- 
 ning with the peace of 1815 and continuing to the commencement of the 
 railroad era of 18-10. This was a period of slow recovery from commercial 
 disaster and the demoralization caused by war. Commerce revived, but did 
 not nourish as it had done at the beginning of the century. Lumber con- 
 tinued to be the chief export, shipped to the West Indies in low-decked 
 brigs, which returned with cargoes of sugar, molasses, and rum. In the 
 decade from 1810 to 1820 the population of the town increased only 1,412. 
 In March, 1820, the District of Maine was separated from Massachusetts 
 and admitted into the Union as a State. Portland became the capital of 
 the new State, and lield that position until the removal of the seat of gov- 
 ernment to Augusta in 1832. 
 
 In July, 1823, a great event happened at Portland, — nothing less than 
 the arrival in the harbor of the first steamboat ever brought to Maine. 
 This was the Patent, a vessel of about one hundred tons burthen, owned 
 by Captain Seward Porter, of Portland, who had bought her in New York 
 to run as a passenger-boat between Portland and Boston. Jonathan Mor- 
 gan and Captain Porter had both ]>reviously experimented with steamboats 
 of their own construction, the Kennebec, built by the latter, in 1822, having 
 been the first to run in Casco Bay, but this was the beginning of the suc- 
 cessful application of steam to the navigation of our waters. In 1833 came 
 the Chancellor Livingston, built under the direction of Robert Fulton, and 
 the same year the Cumberland Steam Navigation Company was formed. 
 
16 
 
 PORTLAXD AXD VIilXITY. 
 
 and, in opposition to the Chancellor Livingston, put on the line between 
 Portland and Boston the steamer Commodore McDonough. The Portland 
 Steam Packet Coiniiany was organizi'd in 1844, and its boats have ever 
 since run 'on the route with great regularity and success, — a result largely 
 due to the skillful management of Captain John B. Coyle, a pioneer in 
 steamboat navigation in Maine. 
 
 Another enterprise, of which the. town had great expectations, never 
 wholly reali/ed, was the construction of tlie Cumberland and Oxford Canal, 
 to connect the waters of Sebago Lake with Portland Harbor, begun in 18-28 
 
 and completed 
 in 1830, at an 
 expense of 
 8206,000, of 
 which s u m 
 827,000 were 
 raised by a lot- 
 tery granted 
 by the State. 
 The Canal con- 
 tinued in suc- 
 cessful upera- 
 t Ion for many 
 years, but has 
 now, through 
 the extension 
 of our railroad 
 system, fallen 
 into disuse. \n 
 183-2, the town 
 having then a 
 population of 
 about 13,000, a 
 city charter 
 was granted to 
 ■■■ '" -: ■ f Portland. 
 
 Middle street had now becdiiu' the jiriiu'ipnl business avenue, esi)ecially 
 of the retail dry-goods trade, lilocks of stores, built of brick and granite, 
 had been erected, — considered spacious in those days, but low and dark 
 as compared with the business structures built since the fire of 1866. 
 
 About 1840 the city began to experience a depression in business, 
 caused by the revolution in trade centers, brought ;dn)Ut bj' the introduc- 
 tion of railroads. Boston, by the extension of her railroads, had seized 
 upon the trade of Vermont which had formerly come to Portland through 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 17 
 
 the Notch of the White Mountains. In 1842 the Portland, Saco and 
 Portsmouth Raih'oad was opened, and that also took business away from 
 the city. It began to be the fashion to say that Portland was " wilting." 
 Visitors spoke of it as a beautiful little city, but a quiet old place. From 
 1840 to 1846 there was scarcely any increase in the population of the city. 
 It became evident to our business men that it was necessary to seize the 
 weapon which w'as being wielded against them and turn it to their own 
 advantage. Measures were adopted to form railroad connection with the 
 interior. For this purpose a company was formed, and a charter obtained, 
 to construct a railroad to Canada. 
 
 This brings us to the fifth period in the history of Portland, commenc- 
 ing in 1846 and continuing to the present time. This is the era of rail- 
 roads, and though interrupted by war and conflagration, the prosperity 
 of the city has steadily increased since 
 their introduction. With the hour 
 came the man, in the person of John 
 A. Poor, by whose far-reaching fore- 
 sight, broad grasp of possibilities, and 
 untiring energy, the project of a rail- 
 road to Canada was set on foot. The 
 conception vpas a grand one, but the 
 undertaking seemed overwhelming to a 
 little city of sixteen thousand inhabi- 
 tants. Montreal was three hundred 
 miles away, through mountain ranges, 
 through waste spaces, through sparsely 
 populated regions, deeply encumbered 
 with the snows of winter. Whence was 
 the capital to come? How was a rail- 
 road to be built in the face of such physical obstacles"? 
 
 Mr. Poor and Wm. Pitt Preble drove over the route in a sleigh, in 
 mid-winter, to prove the possibility of getting through. Our merchants 
 and business men took up the enterprise with enthusiasm ; all classes of 
 citizens joined heartily in the endeavor. It was a revival movement, — a 
 revival of enterprise, a revival of business, a revival of prosperity, — and 
 everybody but a few croakers was converted. The city loaned its credit 
 in bonds to the amount of $2,000,000 ; eleven miles of the Atlantic and St. 
 Lawrence Railroad were opened in 1848, and in 1853 it was finished to its 
 junction with the Canada road from Montreal, — a distance from Portland 
 of 149 miles. The Grand Trunk Railway brought our city into connection 
 not only with the towns and cities of Canada, but with the vast grain-grow- 
 ing regions of the West. Following its completion came, as necessary ad- 
 juncts, a winter line of steamers to Liverpool, and the construction of a 
 
 John A. Poor. 
 
18 POIiTLAXD ASI) VICIXITY. 
 
 new business avenue along the whole water-front of the city, — a mile long 
 and one Imnihcd tVct wiile, — running over tide water, across the heads of 
 the wharves, — leaving high and dry old Fore street, so long the water 
 street, the locality of slop-shops and sailor boarding-houses. This new 
 street, — apjiropriately called Commercial,^ is the scene of a heavy whole- 
 sale trade in flour, grain, and groceries, while it also affords railroad com- 
 munication across the front of the city, and with the numerous wharves. 
 Then came the buihling of that system of railroads opening to the trade of 
 Portland all parts of the State, and now consolidated under the name of 
 the Maine Central. Our merchants also opened connection with the east- 
 ern part of the State, and the Lower Provinces, by means of steamboat 
 lines, and thus secured much of the trade which liad formerly gone to 
 Boston. Manufacturing establishments, — like the Portland Company's 
 Works and Brown's Sugar House, — also sprang u]i, and gave employ- 
 ment to hundreds. 
 
 The city passed through the panic of 1857-8 without serious disaster, 
 and trade was reviving again when the war of the Pebcllion came in 18C1. 
 Business then gave way to the demands of j)atriotism. The First Maine 
 Regiment, Colonel Jackson, (six companies of which were raised here), 
 was speedily organized, though the measles prevented its being the first 
 in the field. In response to later calls for volunteers our people were 
 active in organizing other regiments, — especially the 5th, 0th, 10th, 12th, 
 13th, 17th, and 2'ith ; the latter a nine-months' regiment of Portland 
 boys, led by Colonel Francis Fesscnden. Other recruits followed, Port- 
 land contributing in all 5000 men, to whom she jiaid in bounty ^A'lt^,- 
 P70 : and of whom 421 lost their lives in battle, or by disease. Large 
 contributions were made in aid of the Sanitary and Christian Commis- 
 sions, and many noble women gave their services in nursing the sick 
 and wounded. 
 
 When, one June morning, in ISna, the U. S. Revenue cutter Caleb 
 Cashing was missed from her anchorage, the Collector of the port, Jede- 
 diah Jewett, in conjunction with the ]\Iayor, Captain Jacob ]\IcLellan. 
 promptly manned and armed the steamers Forest City and Chesajieake, 
 and pursning the rebels who had seized her, found her becalmed near the 
 Green Isian<1s. The rebel commander, Lieutenant Reade, set the cutter on 
 fire, and she blew u]) with a terrific explosion; he and liis crew meantime 
 taking to the boats, to be captured by the ]iursuing steamers and confined 
 in Fort Preble as jirisoners of war. For this ]ironi]it and jiatriotic action 
 the Secretary of the Treasury awarded high praise to Collector Jewett 
 and his associates. 
 
 The city came out of the war without gre;it loss, though its commercial 
 )irogress had been cheeked by the transfer of much of its shipping to the 
 British flag. The war, however, had given employment to many; money 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 19 
 
 was flush, and the city was again entering on a prosperous career, when, 
 for the fourth time in its history, it was laid in ashes and made desolate. 
 On the Fourth of July, 1860, a carelessly thrown fire-cracker set tire 
 to a boat-builder's shop on Commercial, near the foot of High street, and 
 the sparks soon communicated with Brown's Sugar House, wrapping tliat 
 o-reat structure in flames, and speeding onward, spite of all opposition, 
 spreading out like a 
 fan as it went, diago- 
 nally across the city, 
 glowing with a fur- 
 nace heat, melting 
 iron, crumbling stone, 
 wiping out the cost- 
 liest " fire - proof " 
 structures, leaving de- 
 solation in its track ; 
 sweeping away not 
 only whole blocks, but 
 entire streets, massive 
 warehouses, lofty 
 churches, splendid 
 mansions, ancestral 
 homes in the crowd- 
 ed and oldest part of 
 the city ; spreading 
 terror, anguish, and 
 dismay among the 
 whole population, un- 
 til, at last, in the small 
 hours of the morning, it burnt itself out amid the waste spaces at the 
 foot of Munjoy's Hill. That night of terror and destruction will never be 
 forgotten by the people of Portland. The morning saw fifteen hundred 
 buildings laid in ashes ; fifty-eight streets and courts reduced to a wilder- 
 ness of chimneys, amid which the most familiar inhabitant lost himself; 
 ten thousand people made houseless and homeless, and ten millions of 
 property destroyed. For a moment only the energies of the people seemed 
 paralyzed, and then commenced the great work of providing for the house- 
 less and the hungry. Whole villages of tents sprang up on Munjoy, and 
 elsewhere ; barracks were built ; generous contributions from abroad flowed 
 in; the work of rebuilding was begun, — advantage being taken of the 
 opportunity to widen and straighten old streets, and open new ones, — and 
 now, after a lapse of fifteen years, the city stands rebuilt, far handsomer 
 than before the fire. 
 
 Middle Street in Ru 
 
 V 
 
20 
 
 POJiTLA.XD AM) VHIMTY. 
 
 Meantime the work of railroad extension has gone on, enlarging the 
 area tributary to the trade of the city, and opening new routes of pleasure 
 travel. In 1S73 the Boston and Maine Kailroad was extended from .South 
 Berwick to Portland, giving easy access to Old Orchard Bench, where a 
 whole village of hotels has since sprung uj). In 187a the Portland and 
 Rochester Railroad completed its connections with Xnshua, K. II., and 
 Worcester, Mass., thus opening a direct route to New York, and saving 
 many miles of travel between Portland and the great metropolis. The 
 same year the Portland and Ogdenslmrg Railroad, — which is to open a 
 new and shorter route to tlio (Jreat West, and bring back some of the 
 
 lost trade of Vermont, — was com]ileted 
 tlirough the Notch of the White Moun- 
 tains, and commanding as it does the 
 most sublime and beautiful scenery, 
 gave a new impetus to pleasure tr.uil 
 ihrougli Portland. 
 
 Our merchants now command the 
 trade of a lai'ge portion of the Stale; 
 to a considerable e.vtent they su|)ply Nortiiern New IIam]ishire and Ver- 
 mont, and find customers in the Maritime Provinces and the Canadas. 
 
 Various branches of Manufacture, — as the rolling of railroad iron, 
 the making of carriages, shoes, matches, stone-ware, and drain-jiijje, have 
 sprung up, and these in-oducts tind a market all over the United States, 
 and to some extent in foreign countries. 
 
 The city now occupies the wliok- of the i)eninsu].a, from the slopes of 
 Mimjoy to the brow of Braniliall, — mairy elegant residences having within 
 
I'OliTLANV AND VWINITY. 21 
 
 the past few years been erected in what was once " the swamp Ward," 
 at the west end. The business streets, as well as those devoted to private 
 residences, are handsomely built, lighted with gas, supplied with pure water 
 from Lake Sebago, and well drained. It has thirty-four churches and jjlaces 
 of public worship ; twenty-two well conducted public schools, attended by 
 about six thousand scholars; five daily and nine weekly newspapers, and 
 is well equijiped with charitable, literary, and musical associations. It 
 has six national and two savings banks. The whole number of vessels be- 
 longing to the district in 1881 was 362; aggregate tonnage, 118,025.48, — 
 an increase of about 7,000 tons in five years. The total of foreign imports 
 and exports in 1880 was $'20,024,189, and the transit trade of the port is 
 two or three times larger than in all the other ports of the United States 
 combined. Its harbor is deep, safe, accessible, and spacious. It commands 
 most beautiful and varied scenery, from wide ocean views to the ever- 
 lasting mountains lifting their summits in the distance. 
 
 As a center of pleasure travel Portland presents unequalled facilities 
 and attractions, — having the seashore at its feet, the mountains at its back ; 
 bay, islands, and inland lakes on either hand. 
 
 With its dependent suburban villages it is the center of a population 
 numbering not less than 45,000, and possesses, — in its situation, the enter- 
 prise of its merchants, and the industry of its mechanics and manufactur- 
 ers, — the elements of large growth and future prosperity. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHY. 
 
 In superficial area Portland is the smallest town in the State. Its 
 territory comprises a small peninsula, which juts into the inner waters of 
 Casco Bay, and sixteen islands and parts of islands, lying at a distance, 
 down the bay, of from three to ten miles. The peninsula, or Neck, was 
 called Machigonne by the natives, which, according to some autliorities, 
 means had clay., while others contend that its interpretation is a knee, or 
 elbow, — a term descriptive of the great curve which the Neck makes in 
 sweeping round from the Fore River to Back Cove. The names of the 
 islands are Peaks', Long, Cushing's, House, Great and Little Diamond (or 
 Hog), part of Crotch, part of Iloiie, Little Chebeague, Jewell's, Cow, 
 Ram, Marsh, Overset, Crow, and Pumpkin Knob. These islands, accord- 
 ing to the census of 1880, contain but 741 inhabitants, of -which Peaks 
 Island has 7iearly one-half, 370, and Long Island, 252. 
 
 The peninsula which constitutes tlie site of the city proper projects 
 from the mainland in a northeast direction, and is about three miles long, 
 with an average breadth of three-quarters of a mile, — its narrowest point 
 being scarce half a mile in width. On the southerly side it is divided from 
 the Cape Elizabeth shore by an arm of the bay, called Fore River, whicli 
 
22 I'OUTI.ASl) A\D VHISITY. 
 
 constitutes the inner liarbor, having, between Portland Bridge and the 
 Breaiiwater on one sick-, and Fi.sh Point on the otlier, an area of six 
 hundred and seventy-seven acres, and an average depth, at mean higli 
 water, of about thirty feet. Vessels of the hirgest size ever built can 
 enter the lower harbor, day or niglil, with forty feet of water at low 
 tide, and lie safely at anchor in that depth, inside of a line connecting 
 the Breakwater with Port Gorges, and distant not more than one-half 
 mile from the Great Eastern Stcamshii) Wharves. Commissioners ai>- 
 pointed by the Government to e.\amine the harbor say, " The city of 
 Portland stands precisely upon the spot which a careful examination 
 would i)ronounce to be the best." 
 
 On the northerly side the Neck is separated from the shores of 
 Peering by the waters of Back Cove, — an inner basin of large extent, 
 having a suthcient dejitli of water, at high tide, to float vessels of con- 
 siderable tonnage. 
 
 The jieninsula, therefore, has tide water on either hand, and its 
 shores slope up gradually on both sides to a mean central elevation of 
 more than a hundred feet, — thus affording every facility for drainage, 
 and contributing to make Portland one of the healthiest cities in the 
 world. At its northeastern extremity the Xeck rises into an eminence 
 called Miinjoy's Hill, having an elevation of IGl feet, and commanding 
 a delightful view of the waters of Casco Bay, its green islands, and the 
 ocean beyond. At its southwestern end the land also rises into a promi- 
 nence, ending with a bold bluff, called Bramhall's Hill, having a height 
 of 175 feet, and affording an extensive view of farm, forest, village, and 
 mountain scenery, — best seen at sunset. 
 
 Between these two elevations the land sags, but at the lowest point, 
 on the central ridge, (the head of Hampshire street), is still 57 feet 
 above tide water. 
 
 Along the whole line of this central ridge, from the slope of Bram- 
 hall to the outer declivity of Munjoy, Congress street extends, the back- 
 bone of the city, three miles in length. Below it, on the southern slope, 
 and running parallel with it for a jiart of its length, are, first. Middle 
 street, a business aveiuie devoted largely to the retail and wholesale dry 
 goods trade; second, Fore street, the ancient water street of the city, 
 now devoted to miscellaneous trade; and iliird, Commercial street, the 
 new commercial thoroughfare, fronting tiie harbor, and occuj)ied by 
 wholesale traders in heavy goods. At the west end, where the Neck 
 widens, there are other longitudinal streets between Congress and Com- 
 mercial, as Spring, Danforlh, and York. 
 
 On the northerly slo]ie, also running i)arall(l with Congress street for 
 a part of its lengtli, are, first, Cumberlanil ; .second, Oxford, supjilemented 
 on the western en<l bv Portl.ni<l ; and lliiid. Lincoln, on the new-made 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 23 
 
 land along the shore of Back Cove, and also supplemented, at the west- 
 ern end, by Kennebec street. 
 
 Across these streets, radiating like ribs from the back-bone of Con- 
 gress street, are many shorter streets, of which the principal are as 
 follows : At the easterly end, India street, the early site of trade and 
 population ; Franklin and Pearl streets, the only ones that run straight 
 across the peninsula, from water to water; Exchange street, a business 
 thoroughfare devoted largely to brokers, banks, and insurance agencies; 
 High street and State street, devoted to private residences. 
 
 Tlio whole peninsula is covered willi a net-work of two hundred and forty 
 streets, lanes, and courts, aggregating a length of fifty miles, while thirty 
 wliarfs extend into the harbor and give accommodation to the commerce 
 of tiie port. There are six avenues on the land side into town, all of 
 which are over bridges, except the old road from Stroudwater. All the 
 bridges were at first supported by tolls, but now they are free. 
 
 In addition to these there is projected, and partly completed, a Mar- 
 ginal Way, running around both sides of the city, nearly five miles in 
 length, and one hundred feet in width. 
 
 The horse cars of the Portland Railroad afford an easy means of 
 transit along the whole length of Congress street; also from the Grand 
 Trunk Station, through Middle and Congress, down High, and up Spring 
 streets to Bramhall's Hill ; and from the head of Preble street, in Market 
 Square, through Preble, Portland, and Green streets, and the villages of 
 Deering Point and Woodford's Corner, to Evergreen Cemetery and Mor- 
 rill's Corner, — a distance of three and a quarter miles. 
 
 From east to west the city may be divided into several distinctive 
 districts, as follows: Munjoy's Hill is covered with an almost distinct 
 and independent village, of middle-class residences, having its own 
 churches, schools, and shops. The business of the city centers on the 
 southerly slope below Congress street, near the middle of the peninsula. 
 The northerly slope, back of Congress street, along its whole length, is. 
 devoted to private residences. The western end, rising gradually to the 
 eminence of Bramhall, as in most cities, is the fashionable quarter, and 
 having been spared by the great fire of 1866, now contains the oldest 
 mansions, as well as many of the newest and most elegant residences. 
 The streets here are all shaded by stately elms, and the houses are sur- 
 rounded by well-kept gardens and lawns, — not, as formerly, shut into 
 seclusion by high board fences, but thrown open to the public view by 
 low, ornamental hedges, and guards. 
 
 It will readily be seen that from the elevation of its site, and the 
 character of its surroundings, Portland commands scenery of the most 
 varied and beautiful description. The beauty of its location and sur- 
 rounding views, has often received the warm praises of visitors and 
 tourists, and is the pride and boast of its citizens. 
 
PORTLAND A.\D VWlMTi: 
 
 Looking through the vistas of the over-arching shade-trees on some 
 of the streets leading to Back Cove, one catches delightful glimpses of 
 tranquil water and green fields, and hills beyond. It is like a picture 
 set in a frame-work of foliage. . 
 
 If, in the early morning, you wulk to the summit of Munjoy's Hill, 
 you see the round sun swinging up fi'om the ocean, and shedding liis 
 golden radiance on the many green islands which dot the beautiful b;iy. 
 If, at evening, you stand on the brow of Braiuhall's lliU, you look over 
 ■A panorama of field and forest, shining water and tree-crowned hills, with 
 liere and there a wliite church-spire pointing to the heavens, now all aglow 
 with the radiance of the departing sun. 
 
 We know of no city where, from the very center of its business 
 streets, one may look out upon such beautiful views of land and water 
 as ni.ay be seen from the heart of our city. Stand, at the hour of sun- 
 set, at the head of Preble street, and look out over the waters of the 
 Cove, reflecting tiic hues of the sunset sky; upon the green fields and 
 tree-i-rowned summits of Deering, and tell us if anything can be finer. 
 
 DISTANCES TO POPULAR RESORTS 
 
 FROM CITV II.\T.T.. 
 
 MILES. FUK. 
 
 To Prout's N'f'i-k, l)y way of 
 
 StroudwatLT \'illage 
 
 To same, by way of Vaujjhan's 
 
 Biicige, old road 
 
 To same, by way of Cape 
 
 Elizabeth Bridge, over 
 
 Uu.'.zell Hill 
 
 To same, by way of Ocean 
 
 road, round the Cape 
 
 To .Vtlantic House. Scarboro, 
 
 by Vauf;liaii's lliidge 
 
 To Kirkwoo<l riouso, by waj' 
 
 of Vaugliaii's Bridge 
 
 To Ileform Stliool 
 
 To Occau House, Bowery 
 
 Beacli 
 
 i:? 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 14 
 
 To First of the Two Lights 
 
 To Cape Cottage 
 
 To Evergreen Cemetery. . .. 
 
 To Marine Hospital 
 
 To Libby's Corner 
 
 To Stroudwater 
 
 To Saccarappa 
 
 To Cumberland -Mills 
 
 To Woodford's 
 
 To Morrill's Corner 
 
 To Pride's Bridge 
 
 To Allen's Corner 
 
 To Bl.ackstrap Jlonument. . 
 To Portland Head Light... 
 
 MltES. 
 
 3 
 
 FKO.M CUSTOM IIOUSK WIIAHF. 
 MILES. FCn. I 
 
 "f o ITouse Island 
 
 To Little Hog Island Land- 
 
 ""(-' 
 
 To Pe.ak's Island Landing.. 
 To CushiDg's Island Land- 
 
 i"f; 
 
 To White Head Cove 
 
 To Evergreen Lauding 
 
 To Diamond Cove 
 
 To Long Island Landing. .. 
 
 To Clapboaid Cove 
 
 To Little Cliebeaguc Laud- 
 ing 
 
 To Jewell's Island 
 
 To Ilarpswcll 
 
 To Freei)ort 
 
 To Crouch's Cove, Goose 
 Island 
 
 .MII.KS. 
 
 4 
 
 111 
 14 
 
POBTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 Corner Middle and Exchange Streets 
 
 Looking down High Street from Congress Square. 
 
POliTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 Farrington Block— Odd Fellows' Hall. 
 
 ■A 
 
 Looking down Middle Str««t from Market Squar*. 
 
There was r e - 
 cently discovered, 
 on Munjoy's Hill, 
 a spring of mineral 
 water, which has 
 been found to 
 have surprising 
 curative qualities. 
 It is said to have 
 been very effec- 
 tive in cases where 
 it has been used 
 (in trial, and has 
 become an article 
 of c o m m e r c e . 
 " This water con- 
 tains all the valu- 
 able constituents 
 of the famous 
 Saratoga Springs, 
 without contain- 
 ing any of the ob- 
 jectionable ones, 
 such as tlie large 
 
 Natural Histury Building. 
 
 excess of salt, etc." 
 It is bright and 
 sparkling, p e r - 
 fectly cleai', and 
 deposits no sedi- 
 ment on standing. 
 Taken fresh from 
 the spring it con- 
 tains a large quan- 
 tity of carbonic 
 acid gas in solu- 
 tion, and thus can 
 be drunk in lai'ge 
 quantities, with- 
 out fear. 
 
 ^MiT<r:ErTiAii^^^^^:\'s^^ 
 
 Forest City Mlnera Spring. 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 vViliislon Church 
 
 Willistoii Cliurch was oiyaiiizccl P\l). 5. ISTo. Kfv. B. F. Leavitt 
 the first p;istor, wlio was succeeded in INTO liy llie ]>reseiit jiastor, Rev 
 E. Clark. Thecluncli numbers two luin- 
 dred and sixty nicnibcrs, wliilo tlio so- 
 ciety embraces nearlj' a tlious;ind indi- 
 viduals. 
 
 The new church was finislied in 1878. 
 It is in the Gotliic style of architecture, 
 built of brick, faced with freestone trim- 
 mings. 
 
 Tlie ])eculiarities of its construction are 
 a winij on the right of the cliancel. wliicli 
 forms the cha)iel, and is connected with 
 the church by sliding glass doors, thus 
 forming a part of the .Mudience-room ; 
 and an alcove <)])i>osite the chapel for the 
 choir and organ. 
 
 The sealing capacity of the chinch is 
 eight Inindri'(l, and a lailies' parlor and a 
 kitchen afford ainplc arconiiiioilalions for 
 the social needs of the church. A line 
 organ was place<l in the church in 1870. Ccnt«nni.i b 
 
 was 
 . F. 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 25 
 
 DISTINGUISHED POETLANBESS. 
 
 Portland numbers among its sons and daughters many who have given 
 distinction to their birthphice abroad, as well as others who have acquired a 
 local reputation for abilities dis])layed in the various walks of life. Among 
 those who ai'e, or have been, resident here, not 
 natives of the place, may also be counted not a 
 few distinguished men and women. Local pride 
 may be indulged in a brief mention of the more 
 prominent persons in both classes. 
 
 To begin at the beginning, George Cleeves, 
 our first settler and proprietor, was a man worthy 
 of being remembered, not only for his own abil- 
 ities, but as being the progenitor of some of our 
 leading citizens of to-day. Though he left but 
 one child, — a daughter, — his posterity teems in 
 the land. Settling on the Neck in 1632, he ob- 
 tained a grant of the land from Gorges, and 
 subsequently, as Deputy-President under Iligby, 
 ruled over the whole province of Ligonia, ex- 
 tending from Cape Porpoise to Cape Elizabeth, 
 including both. For over thirty years he was 
 prominent in affairs in this region, dying some 
 time previous to 1671, at a great age. He was 
 undoubtedly one of the most distinguished of 
 the early settlers in these parts ; a man of great 
 activity and enterprise, an ardent royalist, and 
 warmly attached to the Church of England; 
 ambitious and self-reliant, a partisan and a 
 leader ; frequently involved in controversy, — 
 once fined, in the court at Saco, five shillings Parson Smith. 
 
 for rash speeches ; a rough old character, well suited to the turbulent 
 times in which he lived. We derive all our property-rights through him, 
 and his name should long ere this have been kept in remembrance by 
 being given to some public institution. 
 
 The most prominent figure in our history, through the greater part of 
 the eighteenth century, was the Rev. Thomas Smith, the first ordained 
 
 J 
 
POBTLAND A.XIJ VICINITY. 
 
 minister after the resettlcincut of the town. His descendents are also 
 numerous, — some of them to be found among our most prominent and 
 useful citizens. For a long course of years he was the most distinguished 
 preacher in this part of the country ; for many years the only jihysician in 
 town ; one of a class peculiar to colonial times, the like of whom are no 
 longer to be found. Our early annalist, his Journal is full of quaint ob- 
 servations on liie men and events of his limes, — preserving for us a life- 
 like picture of the manners and customs of the last century. He lived 
 under the reign of four sovereigns, and the presidency of George Wash- 
 ington, dying in 1795, in the ninety-fourth year of his age, after a ministry 
 with the ])eople here of si.xty-eight years and two months. 
 
 One of the most distinguished citizens of the town at the outbreak of 
 the Revolution was General Jedediah Preble, known as Brigadier Preble. 
 He had served in the old French wars ; has the credit of having been with 
 Wolfe on the Plains of Abraham ; was twelve years Representative of the 
 town ; appointed Brigadier General by the Provincial Congress ; afterwards 
 served as the first Senator from Cuinl)erland county, under the constitution 
 of 1780, autl as Judge of the Common Pleas, dying in 17S4, at the age 
 of seventy-seven. 
 
 The earliest members of the bar, resident liere, were Theophilus Brad- 
 bury and D.iviil Wyer, who entered upon practice in tiiis town in 17(12, 
 previous to which time there were no lawyers in what now forms the 
 county of Cumberland. Bradbury acquired a good practice. John Adams 
 writing to his wife in 1774, and querulously complaining of the success of 
 lawyers younger than himself, says: "Bradbury, at Falmouth, they say, 
 grows rich very fast." Mr. Bradbury served as a member of Congress, and 
 as one of the Juilgcs of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, dying in 18(liJ. 
 Mr. Wyer was King's Attorney for the county before the Revolution, but 
 died in 1776, at the early age of thirty-five. These two being the only 
 resident lawyers were invariably employed upon opposite sides. Bradbury 
 was grave and judicious; Wyer full of wit and vivacity, and many were 
 the combats between them, giving rise to scenes in the Forum very much 
 to the amusement of their mutual friends. 
 
 The next ante-revolutionary character we have to introduce was a sort 
 of factotum, a tyjie of Yankee versatility and usefulness. Samuel Freeman, 
 born in this t(jwn in 174:*, in early life traded and ke]it school; entered 
 public life as an a<lv()cate of the rights of the colonies in 1775, being chosen 
 Delegate from I''almouth to the Provincial Congress; afterwards served as 
 Clerk of the Courts for forty-si.x years, as Register and .fudge of Probate 
 forty-five years, as Postmaster twenty-eight years, as Selectman twenty-four 
 years, as Deacon of the First Parish forty-five years, and also Presidfiit of 
 the Maine Bank and as President of the Overseers of Bowdoin College for 
 a numlier of years, finding time in the intervals of business to pnblisli 
 
POBTLAND AND VWINITY. 
 
 several law books, and to edit and publish the raanuscrij3t journal of the 
 Rev. Thomas Smith. 
 
 In 1770 Theophilus Parsons, afterwards the distinguished Chief .Justice 
 of Massachusetts, came here to take 
 a school, and taught for a number of 
 years, at the same time studying law 
 under Theophilus Bradbury, and was 
 admitted to the Cumberland Bar in 
 July, 1774. While here he was re- 
 markable for his studious habits. 
 
 Sheriff William Tyng, of colonial 
 times, stands out as our prominent 
 Tory ; accepting a colonel's commis- 
 sion from General Gage ; proscribed 
 and banished in 1775, but returning 
 in 1793, and dying here in 1807. 
 
 Among native and resident law- 
 yers who have achieved distinction at 
 the Cumberland Bar, we may men- 
 tion the learned jurist and law writer, 
 Simon Greenleaf ; . Stephen Longfel- 
 low, the father of the poet, long in 
 successful practice here ; Prentiss Mellon, who rose to be Chief Justice of 
 the State, the duties of which office 
 he discharged with singular fidelity 
 and ability; Ezekiel Whitman, mem- 
 ber of Congress for four terms, and 
 Chief Justice of the Supremo Court 
 of Maine ; Samuel Fessenden, the 
 able lawyer, whose noble presence 
 and commanding oratory are still 
 fresh in our recollection, distinguish- 
 ed not less as a philanthrojiist and 
 friend of the slave than as an advo- 
 cate ; Albion K. Parris, Governor of 
 the State at thirty-three, and long 
 prominent in law practice here ; 
 William Pitt Preble, who served as 
 Judge, was Minister to the Nether- 
 lands, and bore an important part in 
 the settlement of the northeastern 
 boundary question ; Ashur Ware, J"'^e'' George f. Shepiey. 
 
 the learned writer on Maritime law, wlio served as Judge of the United 
 
 Ex-Chief Justice Ether Shepley. 
 
28 
 
 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 States District Court for forty-four years ; Ether Shepley, ex-Chief Justice 
 of tlie State, and liis son, George F. Shepley, who served in the war of the 
 
 Rebellion, and was JiulLje of the 
 
 »fe 
 
 Hon. William Pitt Fessenden. 
 
 United States Circuit Court ; Ed- 
 ward Fox, the present Judge of 
 the United States District Court; 
 Xatiian Clifford, ex-United States 
 Attorney-General, ex-Minister to 
 Mexico, and Justice of the Supreme 
 Court of the United States ; Wil- 
 liam Wirt Virgin, one of the Judges 
 of the Supreme Court of Maine ; 
 Charles W. Goddard, ex-Judge of 
 the Superior Court, and now Post- 
 master ; Judge Symonds, of the 
 Supreme Court ; George F. Talbot, 
 cx-United States District Attorney 
 for Maine ; Nathan Webb, who has 
 held the same office ; and among 
 prominent members of the bar to-day : Bion Bradbury, Josiah H. Drummond, 
 Sewall C. Slrout, William L. Putnam, John Rand, Nathan Cleaves, Charles 
 
 P. Mattocks, Thomas B. Reed, Jr., H. 
 B. Cleaves and C. F. Libby. 
 
 Of orators and statesmen, native 
 and resident, Portland may claim Sar- 
 gent S. Prentiss, born here, but who 
 won his ro])utation in the South ; Wil- 
 liam Pitt Fessenden, the distinguished 
 Senator and Secretary of the Treas- 
 ury ; Hon. George Evans, formerly 
 United Stales Senator from this State; 
 Israel Washburn, Jr., whose long ser- 
 vice in Congress, and able administra- 
 tion as governor of the State, during 
 the early pari of the Rebellion, place 
 him among the most honored sons of 
 ISIaine; the late George T. Davis, ex- 
 member of Congress from Massachu- 
 setts, and a gentleman of l)riUiant con- 
 Ex-Go.cno, i.,..i w»,hbu-n, J,. vcrsatioual junvers. 
 
 Of oflicers who have achii-ved distinction in the navy, native here, we 
 have Commodore Kdward Preble, son of Brigadier Preble, whose name 
 stands high in our annals as the hero of Tripoli; Roar Admiral Alden, 
 
POBTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 2'J 
 
 who fouglit at New Orleans and Mobile : and Rear Admiral George H. 
 Preble, who lias served long and well. 
 
 Among reformers we may claim General Neal Dow, who served in the 
 war of the Rebellion, was Mayor of the city in 1851 and 1855, and has won 
 a world-wide distinction as a zealous 
 advocate of temperance, and the prin- 
 ciple of prohibition, — having twice 
 visited England as a Laborer in this 
 field, where he is now well known 
 and esteemed. 
 
 Portland is the birthplace of many 
 authors, some of whom have achieved 
 a wide fame, and conferred honor on 
 the place of their nativity. 
 
 Of poets we may mention first. 
 by right of seniority, the late John 
 Neal, born here August 25, 1793, of 
 a Quaker family, — though with but 
 little of the Quaker spirit. His vigor- 
 ous poem, "The Battle of Niagara," 
 was published as long ago as 1818. In 
 1824 we find him in England, writing 
 for Blackwood's Magazine, and enjoying the friendship of Jeremy Bentham. 
 As poet, novelist, journ.alist, and contributor to magazines, Mr. Neal has 
 been a prolific author, writing in an 
 impetuous and uncontrolled style of 
 his own, always with independence, 
 dash, and audacity ; but, though lack- 
 ing concentration, also with much 
 strong, good sense, close thought, and 
 analysis of character ; preserving to a 
 ripe old age his vehemence and vigor, 
 his irascibility, his scorn of everything 
 unmanly, and his love of fair play. 
 
 Henry W. Longfellow, who needs 
 no mention but that of his name, was 
 born here, " in an old, square wooden 
 house, upon the edge of the sea," on 
 the 27th of February, 1807. It is un- 
 necessary to allude to his poetry, — 
 known and admired wherever the 
 English language is read or translated, 
 — or to speak of his uneventful and prosperous career as a man of letters, 
 
 General Neal Dow. 
 
30 
 
 1'01:T1..\.\D AM) ViClXITT. 
 
 who has endeared liimself to thousands in foreign lands, as well as in his 
 own country, by llie felicity and loving charm of his writings. Born of 
 a family long prominent liere, he has given immortality to the city of his 
 
 birth by his ])oeni entitled, " Jly 
 Lost Youth," in which he describes 
 
 " the beautiful town 
 
 That is seated by the sea." 
 
 Nathaniel P. Willis was born 
 here in the same year witli Long- 
 fellow, January 2o", 1807. He h.ad 
 ink in his veins, — his grandfather 
 n!id his father, both of whom were 
 named Xathaniol Willis, being well 
 known publishers ; the former hav- 
 ing been an a](]irenfice in the same 
 jirinting-office with Benjamin Frank- 
 lin. As a poet, journalist, and letter 
 writer, Mr. Willis was distinguished 
 fur his spriglitly and graceful style, 
 and his rare choice and constructive 
 skill in the use of words. 
 
 Nathaniel Dcering. who died 
 in 1881, aged nearly ninety years, graduated at Harvard as long ago 
 as 1810. He chose the law as his pi'ofession, and literature as his amuse- 
 ment, but early abandoned both. His chief 
 productions are two five-act tragedies, "Car- 
 rabasselt," ami " Rozzaris," which liavc been 
 inueh admired. His miscellaneous ]ioems and 
 tales coiit.iin much of the humor of "Down- 
 East" life. 
 
 Among other poets, of native birth, we 
 may mention William Cutter; Isaac McLcl- 
 laii ; S. B. Beckett, in whose poem, "Hester," 
 there is much fine description of our local 
 scenery ; and D. C. Colesworthy, whose moral 
 verses have liad a wide circulation. 
 
 Among poets resident here at various 
 times are Grenvillc Mellen ; Mrs. E. Oakcs 
 Smith, author of "The Sinless Child," and 
 f<u-merly a prolific contributor to our maga- 
 zine literature; and Mrs. Elizabeth Akers 
 Allen, whose poems have had a wide circu- 
 lation in book form, and throiigli the ]ieriodicals of the day. 
 
 Henry W. Longfellow. 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 31 
 
 Among writers of tales and romance we have J. H. Ingraham; Charles 
 P. Ilsley, whose tales of Indian warfare and frontier life in Maine have 
 have been very popular; Rev. Elijali Kellogg, author of many books for 
 boys ; George Payson ; Mrs. Samuel Coleman ; Mrs. Ann S. Stephens, 
 the prolific novelist; Mrs. Elizabeth (Payson) Prentice; and Mrs. Clara 
 Barnes Martin. 
 
 Bishop Horatio Southgate has written travels, and Mrs. Margaret 
 J. M. Sweat has published an account of a tour in Europe, also " Ethel's 
 Love-Life," a tale, and has contributed articles of much merit to various 
 periodicals. 
 
 In general literature William Law Symonds gave promise of much 
 distinction, had not an early death terminated his career. 
 
 Sarah Payson Willis, sister of the poet, acquired much popularity as 
 a writer of brief, lively essays, under 
 the nom de plume of "Fanny Fern." 
 
 Professor Edward S. Morse has 
 gained distinction as a lecturer and 
 author of works on natural history. 
 
 Mrs. Abba Goold Woolson is 
 well known as an able lecturer, and 
 writer on questions connected with 
 woman's rights and dress reform. 
 
 Among residents of Portland dis- 
 tinguished as authors we have, in 
 theology. Rev. Dr. Edward Payson, 
 Rev. Dr. Cyrus Bai-tol, Rev. Dr. 
 Ichabod Nichols, Rev. Dr. W. T. 
 Dwight, Rev. Dr. J. W. Chickering, 
 Rev. Jason Whitman, Rev. W-illiara 
 B. Hayden, and Rev. Dr. Thomas 
 Hill, ex-President of Harvard Uni- "" ^' Edw^'d Payson. 
 
 varsity. In science and natural history we may count William B. Sewall, 
 Dr. J. W. Mighells and Dr. Wm. Wood. In history, Henry A. S. Dearborn, 
 and Hon. William Willis, the historian of Portland, an accomplished gentle- 
 man and scholar, who, after a long useful life here, during which he filled 
 many positions of honor and trust, — including that of Mayor of the city, — 
 died February 17th, 1870, in the seventy-sixth year of his age. In this de- 
 partment we must also include Hon. William Goold, now of Windham, but 
 formerly a resident of this city, who has devoted himself to the preservation 
 of our local annals with much zeal and research. 
 
 In biography we have Rev. Asa Cummings, author of the life of Rev. 
 Dr. Payson. In agriculture. Rev. Dr. Samuel Deane, author of " The New 
 England Farmer, or Georgical Dictionary," the first work on farming ])ub- 
 
32 
 
 PORTLAND AND VICIXITY. 
 
 lislic'd in this country, and long a standard authority. In statistics, John A. 
 Poor, and "Walter Wells, author of " The Water Power of Maine." 
 
 Among journalists we must not omit incntion of Benjamin Titcomb and 
 Tliomas B. Waite, Mho, on the first of January, 1785, issued the initial num- 
 ber of the Falmouth Gazette and Weekly Advertiser, — the first newspaper 
 ever printed in the District of Maine. Mr. Titcomb was born here July 27, 
 1761, served an ap]>renticeship to the art of printing, and often boasted in 
 his old age that he "struck off," with his own hands, the first sheet ever 
 jirintcd in Maine. He subsci|uently became a Baptist preacher, and after a 
 iiiinistry of forty years in Brunswick, Me., died in 1848, at the good old age 
 of ninety-seven years. Mr. Waite, also a printer, was born in Saugus, 
 Mass., in 1762, and came here from Boston in 1784; was long prominent 
 here in political affairs, — a man of ardent temperament and independent 
 
 character; active in procuring the 
 establishment of post-office and mail 
 routes ; an advocate of the building 
 of a theatre here, when town meet- 
 ings were held on the subject, and 
 much feeling was manifested on botli 
 sides. After a residence in Portland 
 of about thirty years, he returned ti> 
 Hcjston, where he died in 1830. 
 
 In 18():J Nathaniel Willis, father 
 of N. P. Willis, the ])oet, commenced 
 ihc publication of the Eastern Argus, 
 lie was the first editor who was ever 
 iui|)risoned in JIaine because of the 
 freedom with which he uttered his 
 sentiments through the press. He 
 also issued the first religious news- 
 paper ever permanently establisheil 
 in this country. Mr. Willis died in 
 Boston, in 1S7II, being ninety years ol<l. In 1826 the Rev. Asa Cummings, 
 :in able controversial writer, became editor of the Christian Mirror, and 
 conducted it until 18.'Ji), — a period of twenty-nine years. 
 
 In 1828 appeared the Yankee, which, under the editorship of John 
 Nenl, had a brief but brilliant existence ; being remarkable among journals 
 of that day for its vigor, imlependence, boldness, and a\ulacity. 
 
 In 1829 Seba Smith started the Courier, — tiie first daily newspai>er in 
 this Stale, — and in its columns first ai)|)carcil his famous "Jack Downing 
 Letters," wliich are among the most successful .'ulaptations of the Yankee 
 dialect to the purposes of h\imorous writing. Mr. Smith was also a poet, 
 and a writer of tales and essavs for the magazines. 
 
 Hon. William Willis. 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 33 
 
 John and William E. Edwards became proprietors of the Portland 
 Advertiser in 1829, and soon after engaged James Brooks as editor, who 
 was one of the first of Washington correspondents, afterwards removed to 
 New York, where, together with his brother Erastus, — both natives of 
 this city, — he ran a successful career as editor of the New York Express, 
 and long represented that city in Congress. 
 
 In May, 1833, Horatio King (since acting Postmaster General), re- 
 moved the Jeffersonian from Paris, Oxford county, to this city, where it 
 was published several years, with a good degree of success. 
 
 In 1835 the Daily Argus was started by Ira Berry and Charles Holden. 
 Mr. Berry is still living, the oldest active printer among us. Mr. Holden, 
 who was one of our most successful journalists, and a most useful and 
 public-spirited citizen, died in July, 1875, aged 71 years, leaving a com- 
 petence to his children, and liberal bequests to our benevolent institutions. 
 
 In 1837 Charles P. Ilsley started the Portland Transcript, which he 
 edited for ten years, enriching its columns with many interesting tales 
 from his graceful pen. 
 
 D. C. Colesworthy commenced the publication of the Portland Tribune 
 in 1841, and continued it for over four years, contributing to its columns 
 many tales and poems which attracted much attention. 
 
 About 1842 Benjamin Kingsbury, Jr., came here to edit the American, 
 — a daily and weekly paper, started by a faction of the Democracy in 
 opposition to the Argus. Mr. Kingsbury displayed great ability in its 
 management, and soon made matters lively among the politicians. The 
 sparring that went on between him and Eliphalet Case, editor of the 
 Argus, 'greatly amused the town. His slower and heavier opponent was 
 no match for him in wit and sprightliness. Mr. Kingsbury has since filled 
 many public oflices with faithfulness .and ability, .among which is that of 
 Mayor of the city in 1870, '71, and '72. 
 
 Newell A. Foster, who was engaged on the Amei'ican as printer and 
 publisher, at the time of Mr. Kingsbury's connection with it, was long con- 
 nected with the press of Portland. In 1862, in company with John T. 
 Gilman and Joseph B. Hall, be established the Portland Daily Press. Mr. 
 Foster was a man of earnest convictions and independence of character, 
 whose untimely death, a few years since, was deeply lamented. 
 
 Among distinguished men of other professions who have for a time 
 tried their hands at journalism here, are Rev. Russell Streeter, Hon. Wil- 
 liam Willis, Isaac Ad.ams, Hon. F. O. J. Smith, Hon. William Pitt Fessen- 
 den, Hon. Phinehas Barnes, Hon. J.ames G. Blaine, John A. Poor, S. B. 
 Beckett, Henry Carter, Professor E. P. Weston, Rev. Dr. W. H. Shailer, 
 George Glfford, and Judge Enoch Knight, of the Municipal Court. 
 
 The leading dailies of this city are now under the management of John 
 M. Adams, of the Argus ; II. W. Richardson, of the Advertiser ; and Stan- 
 
34 . POirJLAXV A\D VICIXITY. 
 
 ley T. Pullen, of the Press. The editor longest in continuous service is 
 E(l\v;ir<l II. Ehvell, for over thirty-three years editor of the Portland 
 Transcri])! ; with wliicli pa|ier Samuel T. Pickard lias also been connected 
 for twenty-eight years, and C. W. Picl^ard for twenty-one years. 
 
 Tlie Clu'istian Mirror (Congregational) is now condiiclcil hy Re>-. 
 Dr. I. P. Warren, and the Zion's Advocate (Baj)tist) by Kev. II. S. 
 Barrage. 
 
 The pioneer artist in Portland was Charles Codman, who came here 
 from Massachusetts many years ago, and commenced business as a sign- 
 jiainter. He soon turned his attention to landscajic-jiainting, for which 
 he had a true genius, his works displaying freedom of handling, and 
 truth to nature. Many of them arc still owned by families in tliis city, 
 and are highly prized. Charles O. Cole was an excellent ))ortrait-j>ainter, 
 practising his profession here with success for many years. J. R. Tilton, 
 who has gained high distinction as a landscape-])ainter in Italy, commenced 
 his career here as an ornamental painter about 1848. Mrs. Elizabeth i\Iur- 
 ray, (wife of Her Britannic Majesty's Consul, John Henry Murray), a dis- 
 tinguished artist in water-colors, whose works are highly prized on both 
 sides of the Atlantic, has resided here at times. Charles J. Schumaelier, 
 a native of Germany, has painted some fine landscapes and street views, 
 — chiefly of scenes in his native land. 
 
 Of native artists, the first who attained distinction was Charles E. 
 Beckett. Commencing as an amateur he soon displayed ]>recision in draw- 
 ing, and skill in composition, and in landscape-painting he achieved some 
 success, and was noted for his spirited drawing of liorses. J. G. Cloud-' 
 man has studied abroad, and ])roduced landsca]>es and figure-]iieces, though 
 clilefly devoting lilmself to ])ortraiture, in which he excels. Of all our 
 native artists, Harry B. Brown has shown the truest eye for color, and 
 achieved the greatest success as a landscai)e and marine jiaiuter. Com- 
 mencing as a sign and banner painter, his natural genius soon worked its 
 way into its own field, and he has attained a recognized position among 
 the best artists in tlie land. His sea-and-shore scenes are distinctive in 
 their character, remarkable for the free dasli of the waves and the solidity 
 of the cliffs, while in atmospheric effects he excels. John B. Hudson, Jr.) 
 (whose drawings, illustrating this work, s]>eak for themselves), has pro- 
 duced some close studies of nature. Charles F. Kimball has rejiroduccd 
 our scenery with faitlifulness and j)oetic feeling; ami Miss Maria Beckett 
 has done good and ])romising work. 
 
 Of sculptors, Paul Akers and his brother Charles were long resident 
 here. Franklin .Simiimns, wliu has attained great success in his art, executed 
 some of his earlier busts in this city. E. R. Tliaxter, whose works, executed 
 in Italy, have won liigh praise, began liis artistic career in Portland. 
 
 Of the business men whose energy, enterprise, and capital Iiave done 
 
FOIiTLAyn AND VWI.MTY. 
 
 much to promote the prosperity of the city, ami gain for themselves local 
 influence and position, a long list might be given. Our merchants, from the 
 earliest times, have shown a commendable spirit of enterprise, and of late 
 years, through associated action in the Boartl of Trade, have by their en- 
 courao-ement of new packet, steamboat, antl railroad lines, done much to 
 open distant markets to the trade of the city. Other capitalists and real- 
 estate owners have contributed largely to the growth of the city, in the 
 establishment of manufactures, and the improvement of vacant lands. 
 
 Nathaniel Deering was the first who opened a store after the destruc- 
 tion of the town in 1775, in which he laid the foundation of a large property 
 now owned by the Deering and Preble heirs, — both family names being as 
 "familiar in our mouths as household words." Joseph H. Ingraham, of 
 the same period, improved the 
 waste places by building blocks 
 of stores, and became for a time 
 one of our largest land-holders. 
 It is to him our city is indebted 
 for the noble avenue of State 
 street, as also for one of our best- 
 preserved mansions of the olden 
 time, situated near its foot. 
 
 Captain John Mussey was 
 among those who first erected 
 stores on Middfe street, — on a 
 site since repeatedly swept by 
 fire, but always rebuilt upon by 
 his son, John Mussey, Esq. 
 This gentleman, formerly Clerk 
 of the United States Courts for 
 many years, still walks our 
 streets, a hale and handsome oc- 
 togenarian, a venerable and most 
 respected citizen, noted for his 
 generous gifts to our churches "on. john b^ Brown. 
 
 and charities as well as for his vigorous old age. 
 
 The financial disasters which followed the embargo of 1807 swept 
 away the fortunes of many of our leading merchants and real-estate own- 
 ers ; but among those who survived the storm were Matthew Cobb, Asa 
 Clapp, William Chadwick, Albert Newhall, Joseph Cross, Ralph Cross, 
 Arthur McLellan, James Deering, Benjamin Willis, Samuel Trask, and 
 Reuben Morton, — all men who have left their mark upon our city. 
 Matthew Cobb's house still remains, at the corner of High street and 
 Congress Square, to remind old citizens of tlie style and hospitality kept 
 
36 
 
 PORTLAND AXD VICINITY. 
 
 up there in the days of its first proprietor. Asa Clapp is still remembered 
 jis our leading merchant in tiie West India trade, long active in affairs here. 
 His two sons, ("liarles Q. Cla])j), Klstj., now dead, and Hon. A. W. II. Clapp, 
 fornic-rly Kepresentalive in Congress from tliis District, and still residing 
 in the old family mansion, at the corner of Congress and Elm streets, have 
 been j)roniinent citizens, and kejit up the influence of the Clajip name. The 
 Chadwicks and McLellans were lontr anion'; our most active merchants and 
 shii:>-o\vners. James Deering, whose name meets us on block, and street, 
 and bridge, is remembered as one of our largest real-estate owners, — a 
 man of great activity and business energy to a late period in life. 
 
 At a later day Jacob Knight ran a long career of prosperity and in- 
 fluence as a leading merchant, ending, as such careers so often do, in 
 
 disaster. His sons did not ujihold 
 
 ^ the family name and influence, 
 
 -S^ and nearly all recollection of him 
 
 lias passed away. At a still later 
 N»_ time another citizen, in a different 
 
 dejiarlment of business, was for 
 a brief period the man of mark 
 among us: the Hon. John M. 
 Wood, a builder of railroads, a 
 projector of large ini])roveiiu'nts 
 here, a member of Congress from 
 this District for two terms; run- 
 ning a rapid career of prosperity, 
 only to end in embarrassment and 
 untimely death. Quite different 
 lias been the progress of one of 
 liis successors in Congress from 
 this District, — the Hon. John 
 Tiynch ; beginning life as a jioor 
 boy, rising by his own unaided 
 efforts to a prominent jiosition 
 Hon w.iiiam w Thomas. amouf our merchants, endorsed 
 
 liy them as our Rejiresentative in Congress for eight years, a useful leg- 
 islator and successful business man. 
 
 Tlic leadin'^ business man and real-estate owner for many years was 
 the late John 1> Brown, who came here many years ago and eomiiienced 
 business in the retail grocery line, and by his energy and large foresight 
 bccanu' a leading merchant and manufacturer; doing much for tl.c im- 
 ])r()veiiient of the city, active in all enterprises for the extension of its 
 trade, representing its interests in the Legislature, and taking an active 
 part in the establisliment of the Maine General ITos]iital, and other be- 
 nevolent institutions. j\Ir. Brown died Jan. 10, 1881. 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 37 
 
 Hon. William W. Thomas, another leading capitalist and real-estate 
 owner, is a native citizen, being a direct descendent, in the seventh gen- 
 eration, of George Cleeves, our first settler; of a family prominent here 
 through the whole history of the city ; including in his ancestry the Rev. 
 George Burroughs, the first minister in Falmouth, and John Proctor, — 
 both of whom the pious people of Salem hanged for witchcraft. Mr. 
 Thomas has been engaged in business in this city for over half a cen- 
 tury; is the oldest bank president in the city, having presided over the 
 affairs of the Canal Bank for thirty-five years ; was Mayor of Port 
 land in 1861 and 1862, and has represented our city in the Legislature, 
 and our county in the State Senate. To Mr. Thomas is the city indebted 
 for many of the most substantial business edifices which adorn our principal 
 streets. His son, Hon. William W. Thomas, Jr., has been twice Speaker 
 of the Maine House of Representatives, and, as Commissioner of Emigra- 
 tion, founded the flourishing colony of New Sweden in the heart of our 
 northern forests. 
 
 Other merchants and capitalists, to whom the city is indebted for 
 many improvements and business enterprises, are St. John Smith ; T. C. 
 Hersey ; Messrs. Andrew and Samuel E. Spring, largely engaged in the 
 South American trade, and conspicuous for benevolence and jjublio spirit ; 
 G. W. Woodman, late President of the Board of Trade ; Horatio N. Jose ; 
 H. J. Libby ; George S. Hunt, the successful manager of two of our ex- 
 tensive corporations, and a large owner in our shipping interests ; Francis 
 Macdonald, to whom is due the inception and formation of the Portland 
 Kerosene Oil Company, the Rolling Mills, and the Casco Iron Company; 
 Jacob S. Winslow, Benjamin Webster, and Russell Lewis, three of our 
 heaviest ship-owners ; Weston F. Milllken, the head of one of our largest 
 wholesale houses, and a promoter of steam navigation with the eastern part 
 of the State ; also Woodbury S. Dana, Henry Fox, Hon. Charles H. Has- 
 kell, Charles E. Jose, James P. Baxter, Wm. G. Davis, Charles McLaughlin, 
 C. C. Chapman, Thomas E. Twitchell, Philip H. Brown and John M. Brown. 
 
 This list is not regarded as exhaustive in any department. I have 
 spared the modesty of many of the living, and perhaps forgotten many of 
 the dead, who deserve to be remembered. Defective as it may be, how- 
 ever, it will serve to refresh the memories of those who have grown old 
 among us, and to incite the young to emulate the examples of industry, 
 enterprise, and probity which it presents. 
 
38 rOHTLAXD AXD VKJISlTy. 
 
 WALKS ABOUT TOWN. 
 
 FROM MARKET SQUARE TO THE EASTERN PROMENADE. 
 
 Having now taken a hurried general survey of our city and its sur- 
 roundings, let us indulge in a stroll or two about town for a more leisurely 
 and extended view of its jjublic buildings, private residences, and points of 
 historic interest. 
 
 If the visitor is stopping at the Preble, or the Uniteil States, he finds 
 himself, on ste])ping out-doois, in Market Square ; if at the Falmouth, or 
 Merchants' Exchange, a short walk up Middle street will l)ring liini to 
 the same point ; if at the City Hotel he lias but to walk straight down Con- 
 gress street to reach it. Here lie finds himself in the heart of the eity. 
 Market Square, in a small way, is to Portland what the Forum was to the 
 ancient Koman cities: a center of business, the scene of popular gather- 
 ings, surrounded with stores, hotels, public halls, and ))laces of iimusenieiit. 
 Many a popular harangue has been listened to liere in times of ])olitieal 
 excitement, and more than one mob has made riot around its central 
 building. 
 
 Situated on the ridge of the peninsula, about midway of its Icngtli, 
 the. Square has a central position, and affords ca.sy access to all ]>arts of 
 the city. Congress street runs straight tlirougli it on tlie north side; 
 Federal and Middle streets cntei- it on the east, with a "heater" between 
 them ; Center street, on the south, offers a direct a])proach to the harbor, 
 and the stations of the Eastern, Boston and Maine, Maine Central, and 
 Portland and Ogdensburg Railroads; while on the north Preble street 
 opens a view of Back Cove and the country beyond, as well as an ap- 
 proach to tlie station of the Portland and Rochester Railroad. The horse 
 cars start here for Deering, and also for the east and west ends of the city. 
 
 On the eastern side of the Square the s])ace between Federal and Con- 
 gress streets is occujiied by the United States Hotel, the oldest of our jjuI)- 
 lic houses, a first-class establishment, recently enlarged, and well conducted. 
 On the north arc Clap|."s Block and Deering's Block, built of brick, and 
 devoted to stores and offices. In the latter block, at the corner of Preble 
 street, is Music Hall, litted up for theatrical entertainments. On the oj>])o- 
 site corner is the Prebh; House, enlarged from the ancient mansion of 
 Commodore Preble, of naval fame, and now known as one of our best 
 hotels. Opposite, at the corner of Center street, is Lancaster Hall, used 
 principally for dances, :nid under it is the horse car station. 
 
PORTLAND ASD VICINITY. 
 
 39 
 
40 
 
 POltTLAXD AXD VIVIXITY. 
 
 The building standing nearly in the center of the Square deserves 
 a paragrai)h by itself. Tliis is Military Hall, the ancient town-hall and 
 market-house, built somewhere about 1825. It is built of brick, and the 
 e.xtcrior was originally so i)lain that the late Charles (.1. Cla])]!, Esq., a 
 gentleman of much architectural taste, exerted himself to have the front 
 finished with a pediment in the Ionic style, which gives the building a 
 somewhat noble appearance as approached down Congress street. Here 
 the town-meetings were held before a city charter was obtained; here the 
 City Government afterwards had its rooms; here the military companies 
 had, as now, their armories ; and here excited political meetings have been 
 held, and stirring scenes enacted. It was at one time the only hall in the 
 city attainable for concerts and lectures, as well as jiublic meetings of all 
 
 United Slates Hotel. 
 
 sorts. Here Garrison has thundered his anatlicmas n£;ainst slaverv, nnrl 
 here the citizens gathered to denounce tlic cowardly assault on Senator 
 Sumner. Here Stephen S. Foster was assaulted by a brutal ]iro-slavcry 
 mob, intent on tarring and feathering him, from whom he escaped, not 
 without jiorsonal damage, to the residence of Nathan Winslow near by; 
 and here, under the mayoralty of Neal Dow, John Kobbins was shot by 
 the military, while acting with an anti-liquor law mob, in an endeavor to 
 destroy the li(iuors belonging to the city, stored in the basement of the 
 buililing. Here we have listened to the eloquence of Sumner and Fessen- 
 den, and witnessed the disrujition of old ]iolitical parties .-ind the formation 
 of new ones. The building is now chiefly used by our military comp.niies. 
 Tlie question of removing it to make room for a soldiers' monument, or 
 a fountain, — thus enlarging and enriching the Scpiare, — has been often 
 mooted ; but it still holds its ground, and seems likely to do so for years 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 41 
 
 to come. On holidays this Square is the center of movement and display, 
 and often of an evening, when crowds gather around the peddlers and 
 mountebanks who here take their stands and display tlieir wares under the 
 light of flaming torches, when the sidewalks are thronged with jicople out 
 for a walk, and the places of amusement are in full blast, the scene pre- 
 sented, as shown in our engraving, is a picturesque and animated one. 
 
 Making the Square our point of departure, let us turn toward the 
 east end and stroll down 
 Congress street to Mun- 
 joy's Hill. This portion 
 of the city was the first 
 settled, and before the 
 great fire of 1866 con- 
 tained the oldest houses, 
 but is now rebuilt in 
 modern style. 
 
 The first building 
 that attracts our atten- 
 tion as we leave the 
 Square is the residence 
 of Hon. A. W. H. Clapp, 
 ex-member of Congress; 
 an old family mansion, 
 embowered in the foli- 
 age of stately trees, with 
 its extensive garden in 
 the rear, — a relic of the 
 days of large city es- 
 tates, whicli still holds 
 its own almost in the 
 center of business. 
 
 Next to this stood 
 for one hundred and ten 
 yeai'S the residence of 
 Rev. Samuel Deane, the second jiastor of the First Parish Church. In 
 1765 he bought here a three-acre lot, extending from Congress street to 
 Back Cove, and built on it a two-story hipped-roof house; afterwards 
 greatly altered and modernized, and long the residence of the late 
 Samuel Chadwick, Esq. It was one of the stateliest of our old-time 
 mansions, but has now given way before the march of improvement, and 
 a handsome block of brick stores occupies its site. In this building the 
 Odd Fellows now have their halls, which are elegantly fitted u|i. 
 The rooms of the Mercantile Library Association were also in this block. 
 
 First Parish (Unitarian) Church. 
 
42 
 
 roirrLAND and vicinity. 
 
 This instituiioii was established in 1851, and gatliered a library of abont 
 eiglit thousand volumes, which has now been united with the Public 
 l^ibrary. Besides affording its members the benefits of books and diseus- 
 sions, the Association contribuled largely to the entertainment and instruc- 
 tion of the ])iiblic by its numerous courses of poimlar lectures. Tlie Asso- 
 ciation IS not now in active operation. 
 
 Tliis brings us to tlie First Parish Church, standing in its spacious lot, 
 and approached by a wide Hight of granite steps. It was built in ISlio, on 
 the site of the old church which had stood there since 1740, and is con- 
 structed of undressed granite ; having a floor eighty-two feet long by sixty- 
 two feet wide, and 138 pews. Unlike too many of our churches there is 
 
 no sham about this build- 
 ing; it does not jireseut a 
 front of one material, with 
 the sides and rear wall of 
 another, but is solid granite 
 throughout, a good speci- 
 men <jf honest architectura- 
 work, complete on all sides. 
 The church woi'.shipping 
 here (Unitarian in faith) is 
 remarkable for its long ])as- 
 torates, there having been 
 but four pastors from 17"27 
 to 1864, — a period of one 
 hundred and thirty-seven 
 years, during which there 
 was no vacancy in tlie ]ias- 
 toral office. Rev. Thomas 
 Smith, the first pastor, la- 
 
 Che.tnut street M. E. Church. ,,o,.pj j,p,.g j^, ^,,p ministry 
 
 sixty-seven years; his colleague. Rev. Samuel Deanc, served fifty years; his 
 colleague and successor, Rev. Ichabod Nichols, ofliciated alone over forty 
 years, and w;is succeeded by Rev. Horatio Stebbins, who resigned in 1S!64. 
 The i)resent pastor is the learned ex-president of Harvard College, the Rev. 
 Dr. Thomas Hill. 
 
 In the enclosure, on the west side of the church, we see a m.nble monu- 
 ment, erected "to Rev. Ichabod Xichols, thinl ]iastor of the First Parish, 
 111 grateful and affectionate memory of a pastor;ite of fifty years.'" In a 
 niche of the monument is a sculptured figure of St. John the Evangelist, 
 from tlie chisel of the late Paul Akers. 
 
 In the rear of the church we catch a glim|>se of the High School build- 
 ing, a large and well-proportione.l brick structure, fronting on Cumberland 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 43 
 
 street. The school affords instruction to both boys and girls, and is under 
 the charge of a Principal with a large corps of assistant teachers. 
 
 Passing on we come to the junction of Chestnut street, glancing 
 down which we see, on the right, the Chestnut Street (Methodist Episco- 
 pal) Church, an elegant brick edifice, with two slender spires, in which wor- 
 ships the parent Methodist Society of the city, from which offshoots have 
 been planted in Pine street, and on Munjoy's Hill. 
 
 On the opposite side of Congress street is the ornate Fluent's Block, for 
 nierly occupied as the Portland Museum, but now the property of the Union 
 Mutual Life In- 
 surance Com- 
 pany, the dra- 
 mahavingshift- 
 ed its quarters 
 to Music Hall. 
 
 Theatrical 
 entertainments 
 never greatl}"^ 
 flourished in 
 Portland. They 
 w e r e w holly 
 unknown here 
 before the Re- 
 volution. Tlu' 
 first perform- 
 ance here was 
 given October 
 7th, 1794, by a 
 strolling com- 
 pany from Bos- 
 ton. They came 
 again at inter- 
 vals, but when union Mutual Insurance Building. 
 
 in 1806 it was proposed to build a theatre the virtuous citizens took alarm, 
 called a town-meeting, and after an animated discussion, in which the lead- 
 ing citizens took part, succeeded in defeating the project by a prohibitory 
 law with heavy penalties. The poor players did not again make their ap- 
 pearance until 1820, when they set up their scenery in Union Hall. Public 
 opinion had by this time so far changed that they were enabled to evade 
 the law of 1806. In 1830 a neat and convenient theatre was erected on 
 Free street, nt an expense of about $10,000; but still the drama langnisliod, 
 and in 1836 the building was sold to the Second Ba)>tist Society, and now 
 forms one of our most substantial churches. About 1848 a theatre was 
 
44 PORTLAND AXD VWlSliy. 
 
 built on Union street, under the convenient veil of a museum, nnd Joseph 
 Proctor anil old Joe Cowell there gave their vigorous and nniusing j)erform- 
 ances. That building was some years after destroyed by fire. A few years 
 since Deering Ilall was fitted up as a theatre, under the name of Music 
 Hall, and occasional performances took place there. In 1874 Fluent Hall 
 was remodeled into a temple of the drama, but in 1880 was abandoned, and 
 Music Hall was remodeled and named " Xew Portland Theatre." 
 
 This brings us to the City Government Building, which stands on the 
 north side of Congress, directly opj)osite the head of E.xchange street. It 
 is an imposing structure, of good architectural proportions, having a front- 
 age of one hundred and fifty feet, a length of two hundred and twenty-one 
 feet, with corner towers seventy-tive feet high, and a central dome swelling 
 up to a height of one hundred and si.\ty feet. The front is built of the 
 light-colored Nova Scotia Albert-stone ; the side and rear walls of pressed 
 brick, with Albert-stone trimmings. Its cost was §050,000, and it contains 
 eighty rooms. Occupying the site of the old court-house and jail, the 
 county, as well as the city government, has its offices here. In the base- 
 ment, with entrances on the Myrtle street side, are the Police Station- and 
 Municij)al Court-room. The right wing, on the first floor, is occui)ied by 
 the county offices ; with the Superior Court-room above. The left wing, 
 first floor, is devoted to the city offices. 
 
 The Portland Institute and Public Library has rooms on the northwest 
 corner, in the rear. This institution, managed by an association formed 
 in 1867, has for its object the maintenance of a public library and institute 
 of natural history, science, and art; to be made free to all as soon as the 
 condition of its funds will warrant. At present it has a library of twenty-si.v 
 thousand volumes, from which any citizen can take books by paying two 
 dollars per annum. The average monthly issue of books is about three 
 thoasand volumes. A reading-room is furnished, where the use of books 
 is free to all comers. This room is also the germ of an art gallery, con- 
 taining photographic copies of "The Transfiguration," by Raphael, in the 
 Vatican; of "The Last Judgment," by IMichael Angelo, in the Sistine 
 Chapel; busts and portraits of distinguished citizens, and paintings by our 
 native artists. The rooms are open to all, on secular days, from 10 A. ]\I. 
 to n P. M. 
 
 On the second floor, reached by a wide staircase of iron, is the City 
 Hall, a noble apartment, one hundred and thirteen feet long, eighty feet 
 wide, and thirty-five feet high. It is handsoniely finisheil, lias a gallery on 
 three sides, and will contain three thousainl people, though the seating ca- 
 pacity is about twenty-five hundred. Hero are given grand concerts, and 
 courses of lectures, and great popular gatherings and receptions of distin- 
 guished persons are held. Connected with it are l{ecei)tion and Rossini 
 Halls, beside smaller rooms; the whole making a grand suite of a|)artmeMts. 
 
POBTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 45 
 
 On the third floor are the rooms of the Maine Historical Society. This 
 Society was organized here Ai)ril 11, 1S22, but for many years its headquar- 
 ters were in Brunswick. Its library of bound books numbers 11,000, and it 
 has an equal number of unbound ]iain]»lilets. It also possesses a valuable 
 cabinet of curiosities and historical relics. One object of the Society is to 
 gather and preserve all documents relating to the early history of Maine, 
 and contributions of letters, autographs, manuscript sermons, journals and 
 
 diaries are solic- 
 ited. The socie- 
 ty has issued 
 many valuable 
 publications, 
 and has been in- 
 strumental in 
 preserving 
 mucli informa- 
 tion in regard to 
 our early his- 
 tory, manners, 
 and customs. Its 
 rooms, in charge 
 of the Assistant 
 Librarian, H. 
 W. Bryant, are 
 open to all inter- 
 ested in histori- 
 cal studies. 
 
 The collec- 
 tions of the 
 Portland Socie- 
 ty of Natural 
 History, which 
 ^''1' ^^" for ten years oc- 
 
 cupied these rooms, have been removed to the Society's elegant new build- 
 ing, erected in 1880, on Elm street, at a cost of a little more than $20,000. 
 Here it has spacious cabinets, and library and lecture rooms, with evei'y con- 
 venience that could be devised for such an institution. Though its collec- 
 tions have been twice destroyed by fire, the Society has now valuable cabi- 
 nets, illustrating the natural history of our own State, and other lands. The 
 rooms, in chrrge of the Cabinet-keeper, C. B. Fuller, are open to the public. 
 Passing on a short distance we come next to the Payson Memorial 
 Church, wliose beautiful lancet spire, rising to a height of one hundred 
 aLd seventy-five feet, attracts the eye by its graceful proportions. This 
 church, built of brick, with a heavy front of Hallowell granite, or gneiss, 
 
46 
 
 pojiTL.wu ASD vicixiri: 
 
 is sc'venty-tliree feet wide by ninety long, and lias two projecting towers. 
 Willi its two arcades of five arches the facade is imposing and bcautifid. 
 The society ■\vorshi]>[)iiig here is the old Second Parish (Congregational) 
 Church, an offshoot of the First Parish in 1787, to which administered 
 the Rev. Edward Payson for twenty years, — from 1807 to his untimely 
 death in 1827, at the age of forty-seven' years. After the old meeting- 
 house was destroyed by the fire of 18C6 it was resolved that the new 
 church, built on a new site, should bear the name of the lamented pastor, 
 
 the most eloquent preacher 
 of his day. The late ])astor^ 
 Rev. Dr. John J. Carruthers, 
 a native of Scotland, was in- 
 stalled August y, 1S4G, and 
 released a few years since, 
 after a service of more than 
 thirty years. He is still liv- 
 ing among us, in the eighty- 
 second year of his age. The 
 jircsent jiastor of the Church 
 is the Rev. Charles A. Dick- 
 inson. 
 
 A few steps farther will 
 bring us to the First Hajitist 
 Church, with its handsome 
 Xorman-gothic front of hewn 
 Connecticut freestone, trim- 
 med with olive freestone, 
 elaborately carved and fin- 
 ished about the windows, 
 doors, and belt-courses. The 
 style is massive and impos- 
 
 ing, though the church sets 
 
 low upon the sidewalk. 
 
 P.,.„n M„mo„., (Congregational) Church. This, tOO, Is a HCW ereC- 
 
 lion, .springing out of the ashes of the great fire of 18G6. The society 
 worsliipi)ing here was organized in 1801, and so restricted was freedom 
 of religious o].inion at that time, that as late ns 1820 an Act of the Leg- 
 islature was necessary to enable persons to leave any other society and join 
 the First Ba])tist Society. The late jiastor, Rev. William II. Siiailer, D 
 D., had a successful j).istorate of twenty-four years, retiring in 1«77, and 
 dying here in 1881. The present pastor is Rev. Thomas D. Anderson, Jr. 
 
 Wc are now opposite Lincoln Park. — which is rather a public square, 
 ^ bounded by Congress, Franklin, Federal, and Pearl streets, and liaving 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 47 
 
 an area of little less than two and a half acres. It has a central fountain, 
 which sends up its cooling jets on summer days, its greensward, its seats 
 for loungers, its concrete 
 walks, and its outlines of 
 trees, which, with the aid of 
 time, will afford both shade 
 and beauty. Evening stroll- 
 ers find it a pleasant resort, 
 and children delight to sail 
 their boats in the great basin 
 of the fountain. This breath- 
 ing place was appropriated 
 from the thickly-settled por- 
 tion of the city swept over 
 by the fire of 1866. Stand- 
 ing in its center, and sweep- 
 ing around on all sides, the 
 eye falls on no structure 
 that stood prior to that year. 
 The imposing City Govern- 
 ment Building, the handsome ^"^^ Baptist Church. 
 churches just described, the Cathedral and Bishop's residence, the towering 
 North School-House, the elegant private residences, — all to be seen from 
 this point, — have sprung out of the ashes of the old city within the past 
 fifteen years. 
 
 We have now reached the corner of Franklin street, which runs 
 straight across the city, and this is the only point, where, standing in the 
 street, you can see, in a straight line, on one hand the waters of the har- 
 bor, and on the other those of Back Cove. Here, too, we come upon the 
 palatial residence of the Roman Catholic Bishop of the diocese of Maine 
 and Xew Hampshire, — a brick edifice, in a pointed style of architecture ; 
 in the rear of which, with connecting chapel between, stands the Cathedral 
 of the Immaculate Conception, fronting on Cumberland street. This is the 
 largest and most costly church in Maine. It is one hundred and ninetj'- 
 six by one hundred feet on the ground, and seventy feet in height. The 
 slated spire — which is simply hideous, lapping over the tower like an ex- 
 tinguisher on a candle, — rises to a height of two hundred and thirty-six 
 feet, — being thus sixteen feet higher than Bunker Hill Monument. Out- 
 wardly, the building is not so attractive in material as in form, being built 
 of bricks considerably mortar-stained ; but its imposing bulk, in connection 
 with its cha])e], (which is itself a good-sized church, joined to it as an L, 
 and opening into it near the grand altar), and the Bishop's Palace, — unique 
 in architecture, and of great size, -^ form, together, the most marked feature 
 
48 
 
 PORTLAND AXD VICIXITY. 
 
 in the architecture of our city. As to the interior of the Cathedral, in sym- 
 metry of proportions and in elegance of decoration, it is surpassed by few 
 churclies in the country. The lofty walls and graceful art-hos are covered 
 with a wealth of harmonious colors, while the stained windows, rich with 
 figures and emblems ; the elaborately ornate altar; the great organ in the 
 music-gallery, and the brilliant circular window behind it; the slirine of 
 the Virgin, with its arches and crowns of light on festal occasions, form, 
 together, an imjiosiug and beautiful spectacle. The first Roman Catholic 
 
 r?b^ 
 
 Lincoln Park. 
 
 Church was formed here in 1822. In 1830 St. Dominic's Church (since 
 much enlarged) was built on State street. Tlie diocese of Portland, in- 
 cluding the States of Maine and New Hampshire, was formed in 1!S;)8, 
 and the Right Rev. David Bacon, D. D., was appointed Bishop. By this 
 time St. Dominic's had become too strait to accommodate the rapidly in- 
 creasing numbers of Catholics in Portland, and in 18,57 the Cathedral of tlie 
 Immaculate Conccjition was ])rojected, and completed in 1869, being dedi- 
 cated in Sejitember of tliat year with imj)osing ceremonies. Bishop Bacon 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITT. 
 
 49 
 
 A few of our Churches. 
 
50 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 died, deeply lamented, in the year 1874, and the diocese is now in charge of 
 Bishop Healey. 
 
 On the old Ilay Scale lot, adjoining tlie Episcopal residence, stands the 
 handsome structure known as the "Kavanagh Seliool." It was completed 
 in 1877, at a cost of nearly $23,000, the funds being derived from a generous 
 donation of S'25,000 from Miss Kavanagh, of Damariscotta. The school is 
 sujiported as a free school by the Catliolics of tlie Cathedral congregation. 
 
 We are now just ojipositc the head of Hampshii'e street, on tlie corner 
 of which, in the days before the Revolution, stood the -fashionable tavern 
 of the town, kept by Widow Alice Greele. It was but a low, one-storied 
 structure, but was a famous place of resort for clubs and social parties. 
 Here the lawyers, traveling on circuit, were entertained ; here courts sat, 
 and conventions were held ; and here the wags of the town resorted, and 
 many a mug of "flip" w'as drank, and many a good joke cracked, in the 
 days succeeding, as well as previo\is to, the Revolution, — for Widow 
 Greele saved her house when Mowatt burned the town, by remaining in it 
 and extinguishing the flames. When all around was burning, and cannon 
 balls were hurtling tlirougli the air, she stood by her house and saved it 
 from destruction. It was removed to Washington street about 1846. 
 
 Strolling on, a few stejis farther bring us to Locust street, and the little 
 picturesque church of St. Paul's, built of our native slate-rock. This church, 
 built after the fire of 1866 had driven St. Stephen's to the west end, took 
 the name of an earlier Episcopal organization here, and bears on its walls 
 the dates 1763-1868. It suffered a sad loss in tlie untimely and lamentable 
 death of its first rector, the Rev. N. W. T. Ropt, who fell a victim to malig- 
 nant small-pox. 
 
 A short walk now britigs us to tlie head of India street, on the vacant, 
 lot opposite wliieii stood the house of the Rev. Thomas Smith, burned in the 
 destruction of the town by Mowatt, in 1775. It commanded a fine view, 
 down India street, of the harbor and the Cape, with the ocean beyond. 
 The neighlioriiig Smith street, ruiiiiiiig northerly to Cumberland street, 
 j)erpetiiates the name of the good olil parson. 
 
 At the corner of Congress and India streets, where formerly tlie 
 Thomas mansion stood, now rises the tall spire of the Second Universaiist 
 Church, a substantial brick structure, with massive lower, Tliis society, 
 formed after the removal of the First Universaiist Society to their new 
 church in Congress Square, in 1805. has now lost jiossession of the church 
 by reason of debt, and worsliips in Reception II:iIl. 
 
 Adjoining this church, on the east, stands the North School-House, on 
 the spot where, in the old grammar-school, Master Whitmore flogged the 
 boys for many a year. It is a huge, four-storied structure, of brick, con- 
 taining a congeries of iirini.ary and granimar-schoois, comprising twenty-six 
 teachers and twelve Imiulred sciiolars, all under one principal. 
 
POBTLAXD AND VICINITY. 51 
 
 The school-house looks down u])on the Eastern Cemetery, — the oldest 
 graveyard'in Portland. For two hundred years a portion of it was the only 
 common burial-place in the territory now included in the limits of the city. 
 Here the rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep ; here, probably, George 
 Cleeves, our first settler, was buried; and here, in later times, the early 
 families, whose names are still familiar among us, found a last resting-place. 
 
 Originally quite small, the cemetery has been enlarged until it contains 
 about six acres, thickly crowded with graves. The original burying-place 
 was in the southwest corner, where stood a tall pine tree, long a landmark 
 for the weather-tossed mariners, and under whose protecting branches the 
 dead clustered thickest. It is an elevated site, looking down upon the city 
 and the sea. Here may still be seen the old-fashioned, heavy gravestones 
 of slate, ornamented with winged heads or skulls, and funereal urns, over 
 which droop weeping willows. They bear long inscriptions, — now half 
 obliterated, — ^ setting forth the virtues of the departed. The oldest stone 
 we have been able to find is that of Mrs. Mary Green, who died May 23, 
 1717. In this corner are found the tomb of Parson Smith and his many 
 wives and sons, — restored by the First Parish Church, in 1846; and the 
 quaint old red-sandstone monument of Sheriff Tyng, of the revolutionary 
 era. On the opposite side of the yard, towards Mountfort street, are the 
 monuments erected to the memory of the naval heroes, — William Bur- 
 roughs, of the U. S. Brig Enterprise, and Samuel Blythe, of His Majesty's 
 Brig Boxer, — who fought and died together, off this coast, on the 5th of 
 September, 1813, and were buried here, with imposing and impressive cere- 
 monies, on the 8th of September. Beside them lies Lieutenant Kervin 
 Waters, of the Enterprise, mortally wounded in the same action, of which 
 Longfellow sings : 
 
 " I remember the sea-fight far away, 
 How it thiindered o'er the tide! 
 Aud the dead captains, as they lay 
 In their graves o'erlooking the tranquil bay, 
 Where they in battle died." 
 
 The navy is well represented here. Commodore Preble had his white 
 marble monument ; and here also is commemorated the death of the gallant 
 Lieutenant Henry Wadsworth, (uncle of the poet Longfellow, and for whom 
 he was named), who fell before Tripoli, in 1804. The Rev. Dr. Edward 
 Payson also was buried here ; and an ornamental shaft of white marble 
 marks the resting-place of the Rev. Mr. Reese, of the Universalist Church. 
 Most of the old monuments are box-like structures of brick or granite, or 
 tables supported on four pillars. The grass grows rankly over the crowded 
 graves; the elms and poplars, which have sprung up at their own sweet 
 will, cast here and there a shade ; and year by year the gravestones settle 
 and grow more and more awry. 
 
52 
 
 POUTLA.XD AND VICIMTY. 
 
 Passing out of the cemetery, and continuing our way along Congress 
 street, we find ourselves at the foot of Miuijoy's Hill, so called from 
 George Munjoy, an early settler, who built his residence on the hill as 
 early as 1G61. A sightly elevation, rising to a height of one hundred and 
 sixty-six feet above the sea, and terminating the peninsula on which the 
 city is built, "The Hill," as it is i>opularly called, has been the scene of 
 stirring events in our history. It was here, in lOyu, that Lieutenant Thad- 
 deus Clark, with thirteen men, was shot by Indians in ambush, while recon- 
 
 Observatory, and Congresj Street M. E. Church. 
 
 noitering, — the hill being then covered with woods; here, in 1717, in a 
 spacious tent, Lieutenant Governor Dummer made a treaty with the 
 Indians, who came "with French colors and made a great show," — a 
 treaty which ensured peace for many years; liere, in 1775, Colonel Tliom|v 
 son, of Brunswick, encamped with his men in a tliick grove of pines, and 
 seized Captain Mowatt as he was walking on the hill, in revenge for 
 which the Captain afterwards linrned the town; here, in 1S08, took place 
 tiie third and last execution for murder whicli ever oecurreil in tliis city, 
 Joseph Drew being hanged, in the presence of a large concourse of 
 I)eople, for fatally striking De|»uty Sheriff Parker while in the discharge 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 53 
 
 of his duty; and here, too, on tlie slojie we are now ascending, arose, after 
 the great fire of 1866, tlie unique village of tents which gave temjjorary 
 shelter to a large portion of the houseless population of the city. This area 
 lying on our right, and immediately below the Observatory, — now covered 
 with an unsightly huddle of cheap tenement-houses, — was once the pla)-- 
 ground of the city; the scene of "General Musters" and Fourth of July 
 celebrations, where holiday soldiers paraded, and tents were pitched, and 
 booths disjDcnsed beer and gingerbread to hungry crowds, who found amuse- 
 ment in peep-shows and flying-horses, and where boys — now grown gray- 
 headed men — listened with open mouths to the revolutionary songs of 
 Johnny Avery. 
 
 It was a pleasant spot, high and green, looking down upon the city 
 and the harbor, and commanding a wide and beautiful view. Cut down 
 for the sake of its gravel, this part of the hill has been degraded in more 
 senses than one. 
 
 At the Observatory we strike the old sod again. This red-shingled 
 tower is eighty-two feet high, and was built in 1807, for the purpose of 
 signalizing shipping approaching the harbor. In the three-quarters of a 
 century which have elapsed since its erection, many an eye has been 
 gladdened by the flag thrown out on one of its three flag-staffs, indicat- 
 ing the approach of some long-absent ship ; and many a storm-tossed ves- 
 sel has been saved from wreck by the succor sent out through timely 
 intelligence from this watch-tower, where the sailor's good genius sits up 
 aloft -and sweeps the horizon with his glass. Here, for a small fee, the 
 visitor may take a peep through the telescope which swings from the 
 ceiling of the look-out, and observe the ships far out at sea. This is the 
 best place in the city to obtain a good view of the surrounding scenery. 
 Towards the northeast lies Casco Bay, dotted with many beautiful islands. 
 Looking eastward, only four miles distant, the broad Atlantic sweeps with 
 its never-ceasing swell ; and a southwesterly view takes in the harbor with 
 its shipping, and the city extending along its narrow peninsula. North- 
 westerly, Mount Washington may be distinctly seen, towering above the 
 distant ranges of mountains. 
 
 Adjoining the Observatory stands the Congress sti'eet (Methodist Epis- 
 copal) Church, erected in 1868. It is a beautiful temple, both as to its ex- 
 terior and interior. Its location is very sightly, being upon the highest part 
 of Munjoy. The lofty and graceful spire is a conspicuous object as seen 
 from the harbor and from the sea. Its summit is the highest object in 
 the city. 
 
 Munjoy has other churches : the St. Lawrence Street (Congregational) 
 Church, erected in 1857, of which the Rev. Mr. Wright is now the pastor; 
 and two churches for colored people, — who have always had a proclivity 
 for Munjoy's Hill, — the Abyssinian, (Congregational), and the Mountfort 
 Street African (Methodist Episcopal) Church. 
 
54 PORTLAND A\D VICI\ITY. 
 
 If now we turn to the left, thi-ough North street, — which runs north- 
 erly along the ridge of the hill, — we obtain a striking view, across the 
 waters of Back Cove, of the city, with its many church-spires, extending 
 to the bluff on BranihaU's Hill, where the Maine General Hospital stands 
 out conspicuously. The city here, owing to the curve made by Munjoy's 
 Hill, seems like a bent bow enclosing the waters of Back Cove, and we are 
 looking across from one end to the other. From this point, too, we com- 
 mand the opposite shores of Deering, diversified with groves and villages. 
 On North street stands the new " Shailer School." erected by the city in 1880. 
 
 Returuiug, and continuinir aloiitc Congress street, we descend the east- 
 ern slope of the hill, through pasture-land, until we come to the Eastern 
 Promenade, — a wide avenue encircling the hill, and commanding fine views 
 of the bay. On the left we have the ship-building village of East Deering, 
 with the Marino Hospital at Martin's Point, and Falmouth Foreside trend, 
 ing away in the distance. On the right, Fort Gorges rises solidly from its 
 wave-washed ledge, with Peaks' Island beyoTid, and outside of that the 
 broad blue ocean. In the foreground lies Mackay's Island, (now the prop- 
 erty of the ^Messrs. Cushing, the projjrietors of Cushing's Island,) and far- 
 ther down the bay a]ij)ear the Hog, or Diamond Islands, Chubeague, and 
 the multitude of those which cluster thickest at its eastern end, and enclose 
 it from the sea. 
 
 FROM MARKET SQUARE TO THE WESTERN PROMENADE. 
 
 Again making Market Square our point of de])arture. let us now turn 
 westward, and leisurely stroll up Congress street. From this jioint to Con- 
 gress Square — nearly half a mile — there is a gradual rise; the street is of 
 good width, contains some fine business blocks, and is the ."scene of much 
 of the retail traffic of the city, of a miscellaneous character. Being the main 
 avenue down town, from the west end, it is often thronged, — particularly 
 of a pleasant evening, — and presents an animated spectacle. 
 
 Taking the nortliwest side, we come to the Preble House, of which we 
 have already spoken, and where we sh.all be apt to find, beneath the shade 
 of its four magnificent elms, (relics of the ileparted glories of the Preble 
 mansion), groups of visitors and loungers picking their teeth after dinner, 
 and watching the jiasscrs-Viy. 
 
 Next to the Preble House we come to :in old brick mansion, "some- 
 what back from the village street,'* beneath the shade of droo)>ing elms, 
 which lingers here in the busy scene of trade and travel, like some octo- 
 genarian who finds himself alone in the midst of a new and strange gen- 
 eration. It is the first brick house Iniill in Portland. General Peleg 
 Wadsworth (who in his day w;is a man of military renown; second in 
 commanil in the expedition tn the Penobscot, in ITT'.t, and first l{c|iresen- 
 tative in Congress from this District), built this hcuise in IT!^;"), or raiiier 
 
POItTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 55 
 
 commenced it in that year, for though but a two-story house, it was two 
 summers in the building. His son-in-law, Stephen Longfellow, who after- 
 
 being 
 
 man- 
 
 Congress Street, looking west from Market Square. 
 
 wards occujiicd it, added a third story to it; the line of addition 
 still visible in the weather-worn bricks. It is a plain, old-fashioned 
 sion, a little mel- 
 lowed by age, 
 but still emi- 
 nently respect- 
 able, and sturd- 
 ily holding its 
 own, though it 
 is overshadowed 
 by its overgrown 
 neighbors. 
 
 It is known 
 as the Longfel- 
 low House, and 
 the impression 
 generally pre- 
 vails that the 
 
 poet was born PrebU House. 
 
 in it. That honor, hov, :ver, belongs to an old wooden house on Fore 
 
56 
 
 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 Street, which we shall come upon in oiu- next \v:ilk. The poet lived in this 
 house in his youth, and it is still in possession of his family. No longer 
 ago than lust autumn, any one walking down Congress street, after l)reak- 
 
 fast, might have seen 
 him seated at the win- 
 clow, reading the morn- 
 ing ])a]ier. 
 
 But let us move on. 
 1 'assing Morton Block, 
 and Brown street, we 
 come to Brown's Block, 
 where the Portland 
 Army and Navy Union, 
 formed in 1866, by resi- 
 dent soldiers and sailors 
 who served in the late 
 war for the Union, has 
 iis headquarters. It has 
 a reading-room, and u 
 valuable military library, 
 ^==^= and for many years en- 
 ^sS^ii^'-' ^''''. tertaincil the town with 
 
 Trie Lon^felow House. ;i series of firSt-claSS IcC- 
 
 tures and concerts, — the profits going to assist the widows and orphans of 
 deceased soldiers and sailors, and those disabled by the war. 
 
 The next building worthy of mention is Mechanics' Hall, a handsome 
 structure, with granite front, standing at the junction of Congress and 
 Casco streets. It was erected in 1857-9, at a cost of $40,000, by the Maine 
 Charitable Mechanics' Association: an organization formed for ciiaritable 
 and educational ])ur])Oses by our mechanics iii 1815. The association, which 
 includes three hundred and seven of the best mechanics in the city, now 
 owns the building clear of debt ; has a library of nearly five thousand vol- 
 umes, free to members and their apprentices; maintains a free evening 
 school for instruction in industrial drawing, and for several years jiast has 
 given a course of free lectures, by resident citizens. Post Bosworth, No. 2, 
 Gran<l Army of the Republic, has its headcpiarters in this building. The 
 Yoiini; Men's Christian Association has removed from this V)uil<linfr to 
 Clap))'s Block, coiner Congress and 101m streets. 
 
 Glancing down Casco street, as we cross the head of it, we see a high 
 wooden ihureh standing on the cliff which falls into Cumberland street. 
 This is the Casco Street (Free-Will Bajitist) Chunh. the clock in the 
 tower of which is one of the most useful time-pieces in Portland, being 
 visible, on account of the jieculiar position of the church, over a very large 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 57 
 
 section of the city. The church was built in 1827, by the Christian Con- 
 nection, and passed into the possession of the Free- Will Baptists in 1843. 
 
 Continuing up Congress street, past the junction of Oak street, we come 
 to the block in which were the rooms of the Portland Fraternity, now re- 
 moved to Free 
 street, where 
 this useful insti- 
 tutionmaintains 
 a free evening- 
 school and a 
 reading-room. 
 
 Just across 
 the way is Huck- 
 ster's Row, an 
 ancient seat ot 
 retail trade : 
 and in the sec- 
 ond story of the 
 block, entrance 
 on Free street, 
 is Union Hall, 
 our oldest hall, 
 the scene of 
 many a gay ball 
 half a century 
 ago ; it was onct- 
 
 occupied as a Mechanics Hall. 
 
 theatre, has often served as a church, and of late has been the headquarters 
 of the Haydn Association. 
 
 On the corner of Green street, opposite the Row, stands the City 
 Hotel, — recent enlargements and improvements of which have made it 
 quite popular with travelers and visitors to our city. 
 
 We now approach Congress Square, formed by the widening of Con- 
 gress street and the junction of Free street coming in on a parallel line 
 on the left ; the block between the two streets terminating in a "heater." 
 High street enters on the south, and goes out on the north as New High . 
 street. This square has an elevated site : the two High streets falling off 
 rapidly on either side. It is a sort of Zion's Hill, being surrounded with 
 churches of various denominations. On Free street, near its junction with 
 the square, stands the Free Street (Baptist) Church, built as a theatre in 
 1830; sold to the Second Baptist Society in 1835; remodeled into a church 
 and dedicated in 1836. The graceful spire of this church has been taken 
 down. On High street, near its entrance into the Square, rises the High 
 
58 
 
 I'OiriLAM) AM) VKIXITY. 
 
 Street (Congregational) Church, built in 1831, and remodeled in the Gothic 
 style in 1869; having now a lofty square tower, surmounted by a central 
 ])innaclc atid a grou]) of k-sser ones, attracting tlie eye l)y its unique blend- 
 ing of strength and grace. Tlie interior of this church is very elegant and 
 graceful. The second pastor, the Rev. Dr. J. W. Chickering, served for 
 nearly thirty years, and won the warm affection of his j>eo|)le. His suc- 
 cessor, the Rev. William II. Feun, was installed in 1800. 
 Nearly opposite this church stands the First Universalist 
 Church, of which the Rev. W. E. Gibbs is pastor. This 
 edifice was built in ISGo, at a cost of something more than 
 $60,000. A little way down New High street we see the 
 New Jerusalem Tem]p!c, in which the doctrines of Emanuel 
 Swedenborg are jirumulgated. This church, which has a 
 
 Congress Squaro, from head of Free Street. 
 
 somewhat ]K'culiar style of architecture, was built in 1868. The Rev. Wil- 
 liam B. Hayden was for many years pastor of this society. The Rev. J. K. 
 Smyth is the ])resent ])astor. Just beyond the square, on the continuation 
 of Congress street, stands Plymouth Church, a brick structure, with a .s.piare 
 lower. The old Third Parish Society, to which the Rev. Dr. William T. 
 Dwight ministered for so many years, was merged with this church a few 
 years since. The ])resent ])astor is the Rev. D. M. Seward, D. D. 
 
 Having now completed the circuit of tiie churches which surround the 
 Square we niighi. if time allowed, linger long about some of the old man- 
 sions in and near it, pari icuhiil y llic Alallli.'W C'>\A< house, which stands on 
 
FOBTLAND AND VICIXITy. 
 
 59 
 
 the corner of High street, a square, old-fashioned mansion, which carries ns 
 back some sixty or seventy years to the time wlien its owner and occupant 
 was one of our leading merchants, with a numerous family about him, keej)- 
 ing his carriage and coachman, and entertaining his friends with a generous 
 hospitality; or the McLellan mansion, next below the High Street Churcli, 
 an edifice which still preserves the old-time architecture and rich internal 
 finish, and is now the residence of Hon. L. D. M. Sweat. It was over 
 the high fence surrounding the garden of this mansion that one of our 
 native artists, when a boy, first caught sight of a statue, and thereafter 
 was accustomed to run away on Sundays from his own church, that he 
 might sit in the gallery of High Street Church, and, looking out of the 
 
 Congress and Park Streets. — Residence of Dr. Small 
 
 window, feast his eyes on the art treasures of what seemed to him a veri- 
 table Paradise. He has since seen the master-pieces of the old world, but 
 we doubt if any of them awakened in his mind such feelings of pleasure 
 and admiration as did those figures in the garden of this home of taste 
 and wealth. 
 
 Before we leave the Square let us drop down New High street, a little 
 way, and glance at the elegant and costly private residences which line the 
 new Deering street, running parallel with Congress street, on the slope 
 below it. How little time it seems since all this region was an open pas- 
 ture, — " Ross's pasture," we boys used to call it, when we went there to 
 "play ball," or at sunset to sit on the ledges and watch the sun go down 
 behind the hills, shedding a last lingering glory on the clouds, which the 
 
60 
 
 POnTLAM) AM) VIVIXITY. 
 
 tranquil waters of the Cove gave back with answering colors. Wealth and 
 taste have here been lavished in the construction of some of these modern 
 residences, and the street, though still new, and bordering on vacant spaces, 
 is one of the handsomest in the city, representing the wealth and taste of 
 to-day as State street does those of half a century ago. 
 
 But it is time to move on. Continuing uj) Congress street we pass 
 the house of Dr. Horatio N. Small, at the corner of Park street, glancing 
 down which we catch a glimpse in tlio distance of the Park Street (Unitar- 
 ian) Church, erected in 1828, by the Methodists, and sold in 1835 to the 
 Second Unitarian Society, over which the Rev. Jason Whitman was first 
 settled, and of which the Rev. Charles W. Buck was ilie last settled iiastor. 
 
 State Street, ftum Cor.gnjss. 
 
 Our attention is next attracted by St. Stephen's Cliurch, a picturesque 
 Gothic edifice, built of our native slate-rock, massive and handsome. It was 
 erected in 1854, and the Rev. Asa Dalton has been rector of the cliurdi 
 since ISi;;?. 
 
 This liriugs us to thi' head of State street whicli conies in diagonally on 
 the left, and continuing across Congress street, slojies down tlirough the 
 vacant land to Portland street. State street (the gift of one of our early 
 merchants, Joseph IT. Ingraham), is the handsomest avenue for private resi- 
 dences in the city. Ot great width, it is lined on each side with two rows 
 of lofty elms, whose overhanging liranches embower it in foliage. Between 
 the two rows of trees, outside each sidewalk, there runs n grassy plot, which 
 gives the street a jtark-like ajipearance. The large and subst;nitial mansions 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 61 
 
 here are chiefly of the olden time ; each with lis sjjacious garden in the rear. 
 This house with plain granite front, on the left, near the head of the street, 
 was the residence of .John Neal, the poet and novelist. That large, square 
 mansion, a little farther down, across the way, was long the residence of the 
 late Hon. William Pitt Fessenden, and in the garden in the rear he found 
 health and recreation in pruning his fruit trees. The neighboring house was 
 occupied by the late George F. Shepley. The mansions on this southwest- 
 erly side of the street, as we have said, are of the stately and spacious old- 
 fashioned style, each standing in the midst of extensive grounds. As a con- 
 trast, take the 
 elegant modern 
 residence of C. R| 
 A. Brown, Esq., 
 on the opposite 
 side of the 
 street, which 
 well represents 
 the architectur- 
 al taste of the 
 day. 
 
 State street 
 has three houses 
 of worship, of 
 each of which 
 we must say a 
 word. The first, 
 on the left, as 
 we pass down, is 
 the State Street 
 Congregational 
 Church, the so- 
 ciety worship- 
 
 ino" ITI -wTii^l State Street. — Residence of the late Judge George F. Shepley. 
 
 was an offshoot from High Street Church. The edifice was erected in 
 1852, mainly of brick, in the Gothic order, with a lofty and graceful spire 
 of wood, which was taken down in 1871, from a feeling that it was insecure, 
 leaving the wooden tower in a mutilated condition. The Rev. Edward T. 
 Hincks was the pastor during the years 1870 to 1881. A little farther down 
 the street we come to St. Luke's Cathedral, built in 1867, of blue limestone, 
 with trimmings of red and gray freestone, in the early Gothic stj'le. This 
 church is not yet completed, the present structure being the main edifice to 
 which a transept is to be added at the north end. The interior is very 
 richly finished. St. Luke's is the first edifice erected by Protestants in 
 
62 
 
 POIiTLAM) A\l) ViriXlTY. 
 
 New England for a Cathedral, or Bishop's Church, and its service is more 
 ritualistic than that of an ordinary jiarish church. It is intended as a 
 center for the Episcopal C'iiuicli in tlie diocese, and is under the imme- 
 diate charge of the Bishop, 
 — an oflice now filled by 
 Bisliop Neely. Still farther 
 down, on the ojiposite side 
 of the street, stands the Ro- 
 man Catholic Church of St. 
 Dominic's, built in 1830. 
 Connected with it, but 
 fronting on Gray street, is 
 the large Catholic School 
 of St. Dominic's, erected in 
 18C5. Its teachers are the 
 Sisters of Notre Dame, and 
 it will accommodate about 
 four hundred scholars. 
 
 On the corner of Dan- 
 forth and State streets rises 
 a large, three-story brick 
 mansion, occupied as the 
 Female Orphan Asylum, 
 where between thirty and 
 forty girls are cared for, 
 
 ,v. Stroet-Resideno, of C. A. Brown. g^J p^,^^ Jjj^q otllCr homCS 
 
 as they grow u]). This institution was established in 1828, through the 
 contributions of benevolent citizens; has always been well managed by a 
 board of ladies, and now holds property to the value of at least ^50,000. 
 
 On Pine street, near the junction of State and Congress, may be seen 
 llic Pine Street (ilelhodist) Church, a unique brick edifice, which shows 
 what can be done in the way of ada})ting a ])iece of architecture to a limited 
 lot of ground. It was built in ISTri. 
 
 Near the head of ^Mellen street, where it enters Congress street, we 
 pause to look off u])on 
 
 " tlie liifezy iloine of proves, 
 
 The shadows of Dccriiifj's Woods," 
 of which Longfellow sings again : 
 
 "And Dct'riiig's Woods nrp fi'osli .ind fair, 
 .\nd witli joy Hint is .ilinost pain 
 Jly licart f;oes l)acl\ to wander tlu're, 
 And anionj; tlio dreams of Hie days tliut were, 
 I And my lost youth aijain." 
 
 Many another Portland buy lliids liis lost youth again as he recalls the days 
 
I'OliTLAND AND VIVIMTY. 
 
 63 
 
 when he went "acorniiig" in Deering's Woods. The view from this point 
 is wide and beautiful. Congress street, as we Iiave said, runs along the 
 ridge of the pe- 
 ninsula, which, 
 at this point, 
 slopes rapidly 
 down to the 
 head of the 
 creek running 
 in from Back 
 Cove. On the 
 shore of this 
 creek rise Deer- 
 ing's Woods, a 
 tract of wood- 
 land which has 
 now come into 
 possession of the 
 city, and is to 
 
 be preserved as Congress and Dow streets.— Residence of General Neal Dow. 
 
 a public park. Congress street here hsoks off over " the breezy dome ' of 
 these woods, ' 
 
 commanding a 
 view of the vil- 
 lages in Deer- 
 ing, the diver- 
 sified country 
 beyond, and 
 the snow-clad 
 peaks of the 
 White Mount- 
 ains on the dim 
 horizon. 
 
 Moving on 
 past the resi- 
 dence of Gen- 
 eral Neal Dow, 
 at the corner 
 of Congress and 
 Dow streets, we 
 come to Walk- 
 er street o-lanc- Bracket* and Walker Streets.— Residence of Albion Little. 
 
 ing up which we see, at the corner of Brackett street, the residence of 
 
64 
 
 rOIlTLAXD AXD VICIXITY. 
 
 Albion Little, Esq., and soon after turn to the left into Bramhall street, 
 at whose junction witli Brackett street we come upon the Reservoir of the 
 Portland Water Works, supplied b}- Lake Sebago, seventeen miles dis- 
 tant, and having an area of one hundred thousand square feet, with a ca- 
 pacity of about twelve millions of gallons. 
 
 Turning now again to the right we pass into Arsenal street, and find 
 ourselves in front of the Maine General Hospital, standing on the brow of 
 Bramhall's Hill, on the site of the oUl State Arsenal. This noble institu- 
 tion, incorjioratcd by Act of Legislature in 18G8, aided by Slate bounty and 
 the contributions of private citizens, was dedicated in October, 1874. The 
 
 Stato Reform School. 
 
 plan of the hospital contemplates a cluster of buildings, embodying all the 
 modern improvements of good ventilation, free admission of air and sun 
 light, with an adequate supjily of heat and jjure water. This ]dan reqiiires 
 time for its completion, and as yet only the central building and eastern 
 ])avilion are finished and brought into use. These arc liandsome structures 
 of brick, in the Italian-gothic style, four stories high; the private ajiart- 
 inents and wards being very neatly finished. The establishment of the in- 
 stitution is largely due to the efforts of our ]ihysicians and surgeons, who 
 render important services without pecuniary compensation. Having as yet 
 no fund to draw \\\m\\ for charitable ]>urpc)scs, it is necessary to charge 
 
POliTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 65 
 
 Some of our Cna 
 
66 
 
 POIITLAXD AND VICIXITY. 
 
 ]i:Uic'nts a fixed sum 
 per week, ■\vliieh is 
 put at the lowest ])os- 
 silile figure. For pa- 
 tients of ordinary 
 means the price is sev- 
 en dollars per week in 
 the wards profier, 
 whirh includes board, 
 medical attendance, 
 and medicine; and 
 about twice this sum 
 for those occupying 
 ]irivate rooms. On 
 .•idinission a deposit of 
 five weeks' board is 
 required in advance 
 simply for security ; 
 and in case a patient 
 does not remain in the 
 lii)s])ital five weeks 
 the balance is paid 
 back. There are at 
 ])rcsent eight free 
 beds established by 
 private subscri]ition, 
 and it is hoped the 
 II umber will be in- 
 (TiasiMl. Patients 
 h.ive been received 
 from all parts of tlie 
 State, — Portland fur- 
 nishing only about 
 t \v e n t y )' e r cent, 
 of the number. This 
 is a State institution, 
 now in its infancy, l)ut 
 destined to grow in 
 ust'fulness with the 
 munificence of the 
 State, and of ])rivatc 
 binef.'ictors. It stands 
 ui)on a breezy, iiealth- 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 67 
 
 ful site, and its windows look out upon a broad expanse of country, bounded 
 by distant mountains, and comprising a lovely prospect. 
 
 A few steps now bring us out upon the Western Promenade, which 
 runs along the brow of Bramhall's Hill, and commands a wide and varied 
 landscape. In 1680 George Bramhall (from whom the hill takes its name) 
 came here, and buying a tract of four hundred acres, hewed himself out a 
 home in the primitive forest which then covered the hill, and pursued his 
 
 BramhaH's Hill. — Residence of the ^ate Hon- John B Brown. 
 
 trade as a tanner. The hill here falls off suddenly ; the steep descent being 
 partially clothed with odorous pines. At its foot the green lateral ridges 
 tell the tale of some pre-historic Innd.slide, when a great river flowed where 
 now the railroad runs. It was down there, where we see the Deering Man- 
 sion, on the right, that Major Church wliip))ed the Indians in September, 
 1689; in which fight George Bramh.all w.as killed. We may be sure it was 
 an hour of rejoicing when, about sunset, the troops marched back, with 
 
68 
 
 POUTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 flying colors, through the woods, to the little village then two miles away 
 at the other end of the peninsula. 
 
 That large building which we see, a few miles distant, is the State 
 Reform School, where a hundred and thirty or forty boys — the waifs and 
 astrays of society — are put to useful jiursuits under reformatory influences. 
 The prison-like features of the institution have been eliminated, and the 
 boys are now divided into three grades, and for good conduct are promot- 
 ed through them, from the lowest to the highest. 
 
 Let us seat ourselves here and look into the sunset. The gleamins; 
 waters of Fore River on one hand, and of Back Cove on the other, almost 
 encircle the elevation on whose brow we sit. Tlie green slope of the hill 
 
 
 Spring and Neal Streets. — Residence of Hon. Israel Washburn, Jr. 
 
 Stretches aw.-xy into a wide prospect of field and woodland, diversified by 
 villages and farm-houses, and swelling in the distance into forest-clad hills. 
 With Abncr Lowell's sketch of the summits to be seen from this |point in 
 our hands, wo may make out the Town Hall and Congregational Clnirch 
 in Gorham, Me., and behind them Ossipee Mountain, in New Hani]ishirc, 
 (ifty-three miles away. Also, farther to the east, the church in Standish, 
 Me., with the ])eak of old Chocorua rising far beyond it. Sweejiing 
 along the billowy line we see Mount Carrigain, sixty-three miles distant ; 
 nearer at hand the long line of Saddleback, in Sebago, Me. ; and then the 
 eye strikes the White Mountain range, and climbs from peak to jteak, over 
 Mounts Willard, Webster, .Tackson, I'leasant, Franklin, and Munroe, to the 
 wiiite dome of Mount Washington, mingling with the clouds on the horizon. 
 
FOllTLAXD AND VICimTY. 
 
 69 
 
 The inner line of the Promenade is bordered with fine residences, most 
 notable of which 
 
 is that of the late 
 John B. Brown, 
 standing in the 
 midst of ten 
 acres of highly 
 improved and 
 cultivated land, 
 with gardens 
 adorned with 
 rare plants and 
 statuary, and 
 overlooking a 
 wide extent of 
 beautiful scen- 
 ery. 
 
 Moving on, 
 and glancing 
 down S p r i n g 
 street, we see the 
 splendid modern man- 
 sion of the Hon. Israel 
 Washburn, Jr. Passing 
 down by the Western 
 Cemetery we come upon 
 the residence of Harry 
 B. Brown, artist, whoso 
 studio, attached to his 
 house, is an attractive 
 point for all lovers of art. 
 Here we strike Danforth 
 street, and turning east- 
 ward pass the fine resi- 
 dence of T. C. Horsey, 
 Esq., seated high in the 
 midst of ornamental 
 grounds, and command- 
 ing a wide view of the 
 harbor, the cape, and the 
 ocean beyond. ^iy _ 
 
 On the opposite side '~~~ t^^ 
 of the street, a little far- -- S! 
 
 ther down, are the twin 
 
 Danforth Street. — Residence of T. C. Hersey. 
 
 Spring and Emery Streets. — Residence of S. C. Andrews. 
 
70 
 
 PORTLAXD AND riCINITY. 
 
 - ( of Andrew and Samuel E. Spring. 
 
 mansions of Messrs. Andrew and Samuel E. Spring. On Etncry street, 
 
 which enters 
 liere, we see the 
 Home for Aged 
 Women, a hand- 
 some brick edi- 
 fice, where some 
 twenty or more 
 old ladies pass 
 the evening of 
 their days in 
 quiet and com- 
 fort, jiaying only 
 an entrance fee 
 of one hundred 
 dollars. Tlie in- 
 stitution isunder 
 till' charge of an 
 association of 
 ladies rcjiresent- 
 ing the various 
 churches of the 
 city. 
 
 Among other 
 
 Pin* and Ltwii Streets.— Ratidence of Holman S. Melchor. 
 
POnrLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 71 
 
 fine residences in tliis part of tlie city we may mention those of Sullivan 
 C. Andrews, Esq., on the corner of Spring and Emery streets, and H. S. 
 Melcher, Esq., on the corner of Pine and Lewis streets. 
 
 Continuing down Danforth street, to the corner of Park street, we 
 come upon the elegant mansion of Haggles S. Morse, Esq., built of free- 
 
 Danforth and Park Streets. — Residence of Ruggles S. Morse. 
 
 Stone, in a highly ornamented style; a fine specimen of architectural taste, 
 and the most costly private residence in the city. 
 
 A little farther down, on the corner of High street, we may contrast 
 this modern residence with the old-time mansion of John Mussey, Esq., a 
 building of spacious front, seated in the midst of its old-fashioned garden, 
 and surrounded with magnificent elms, whose lofty summits and wide- 
 sweeping branches are worth coining far to see. 
 
 Turning now up High street we are soon in Congress Square again, 
 and so ends our second walk. 
 
72 
 
 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 FROM MARKET SQUARE TO INDIA AXD COMMERCIAL STREETS. 
 
 If the visitor again finds himself in Market Square, some bright morn- 
 ing, he cannot do bettor than turn eastward and saunter down Middle 
 street. This is one of our oldest thoroughfares, having been accepted by 
 the town as long ago as 1724, previous to which time a path had been 
 opened through the woods. It was originally called "the Middle street," 
 from its relative position between " the Fore " and " the Back " streets, 
 which [name it has ever since borne. Thougli originally occupied by the 
 
 South Side of Middle Street, from Cross to Union. 
 
 dwelling-liouses of the early settlers, the old-time mansions have long since 
 given place to the demands of traffic, ami MiiMlu street is now one of our 
 j)rineip;il hiisini'ss avenues, cliietly dovoled to tlie retail dry-goods trade. 
 
 Leaving Military Hall on the left, we pass down Miildlc street from 
 the point whei'e it enters the stpiare to its junction with Free street. This 
 portion tjf the street escajred the fire of lSlj('>, ami the stores here are plain 
 brick structures, some of them of comparatively ancient ilate. That low 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 73 
 
 block of two stories, on the left, is a spared monument of the great fire, 
 having been saved from destruction, while the stores on both sides of it 
 were leveled to the ground. It was remodeled in 1873, the three original 
 stories being reduced to two, but its low roof, in contrast with the loftier 
 structures around it, still serves to remind us of the humbler style of build- 
 ing which prevailed fifty years ago. 
 
 Free street enters here, forming a "heater." The lower end of this 
 street, where it joins Middle street, is devoted to business and contains 
 some fine stores. In Free Street Block is the Portland School for the Deaf, 
 supported in part by the city, for the instruction of deaf mutes, who are 
 here taught to speak. 
 
 Falmouth Hotel. 
 
 All now before us, down Middle street, is fresh and new. The fire 
 of 1866 leveled everything here, and the new business structures which 
 have arisen from the ruins far outshine the old in loftiness and architec- 
 tural pretentions. Some are of brick covered with mastic; some of hand- 
 some pressed brick, with Albert-stone trimmings; others of Connecticut 
 freestone, and some of granite, many having iron pillars, caps, sills, and 
 ornamentations. The styles are various, and often ornate, the warerooms 
 spacious and handsome. As far along here as the eye can sweep the street 
 architecture is of a noble and attractive character, the blocks of warehouses 
 beinsr diversified with hotels and bank buildings. 
 
74 
 
 roirri.AXD and vivimty. 
 
 The plainest block is Mussey's Row, high up on the wall of which a 
 marble slab tells the story of tlie ravages of lire on this sjiot : 
 
 "Homestead of Beniiimiii Mussey, A. D. 1749. Mussey's How begun by his son, 
 John Mussey, in 1791), — completed in 1801. Partially burnt, and rebuilt by him. in 
 1815. Partially burnt, and rebuilt iu 1852 by his sou, John Mussey. Wholly burnt, 
 and rebuilt in ISJO by the same. Wholly burnt iu the great tire of July 4th and 5th, 
 18UU, and rebuilt by the same." 
 
 Here, at the corner of Union street, stands the Falinotith, otir largest 
 hotel, a magnificent structure, built by lion. John B. Brown, after the tire 
 of 186G. The front is of Albertrstone, the side walls of ]>resse(l brick, with 
 
 Tirit National Bank. 
 
 Albert-Stone trimmings. It has a frontage on Middle street of one hundred 
 and fifty-three feet, by one hundred and seventy-four on Union street; is 
 six stories on Middle and seven on Union street, and contains two hundred 
 and forty rooms, and ten large stores. It is fully equipped witli all the con- 
 veniences of a modern first-class hotel, including an elevator, and bathing- 
 rooms on all the principiil floors. 
 
 Adjoining the F:ilnni\itli, on the corner of Phim street, is the red sand- 
 stone building of the First National Bank. A little farther down, on the 
 opposite side, is the fine granite frmit of tlie Casco Bank buil.ling, occu- 
 
PORTLANJJ AND VICINITY. 
 
 lb 
 
 pying the site of the old " Sun Tavern," hiter known as the Casco House, 
 whence, in days of yore, the stages were wont to depart for the country 
 towns. This house, in the time of tlie Revolution, was the residence of 
 Brigadier Jedediah Preble. His son. Commodore Edward Preble, aftei'- 
 wards lived and died in it. It is a singular coincidence that this house in 
 which the Commodore lived, and the one which he built and which was 
 long occupied by his widow, (the present Preble House), should both have 
 been converted into hotels. 
 
 The Maine Savings Bank has 
 its banking-rooms on the corner 
 of Plum street, under the St. 
 Julian, formerly a hotel, con- 
 ducted on the European plan, 
 and a little further along is the 
 handsome Canal Bank building, 
 of red freestone. 
 
 A few steps now bring us to 
 Exchange street, anciently call- 
 ed Fish, opened in 1724. From 
 Middle to Fore street it is five 
 hundred feet long, and is lined 
 with handsome business blocks 
 from end to end, the last gap 
 left by the fire of 1866 — which 
 laid low every building upon it 
 — having been filled by the erec- 
 tion of "Stanton Block" (named 
 in honor of the famous War Sec- 
 retary) in 1875, by Hon. W. W. 
 Thomas. On this street, oppo- 
 site the entrance of Milk street, 
 our Board of Trade has its head- 
 quarters : an organization of our 
 leading business men, which has 
 done much to promote the pros- '^^^'^° ^^"^ 
 
 perity of the city. Here also is the Merchants' Exchange, with its reading- 
 room, whither our merchants resort for information, bargaining, and con- 
 sultation. All who have an eye for fine architectural effects will admire 
 the facade of the Merchants' Bank on this street. 
 
 That part of Exchange street which runs from Middle to Congress 
 street was laid out in 1793, and originally called Court street. On the 
 northeast corner of Middle and Exchange streets stands the Post-Office, 
 an elegant b\ulding of Vermont marble, occui>vin2; a square liv itself. Its 
 
76 
 
 POliTLAXD AM) VlriyiTY. 
 
 pure white walls are in strong contrast to the warmer-colored brick build- 
 ings about it, and it looks a little cold in its elegance and chasteness. Its 
 cost was half a million dollars. The ground floor is occupied for the Post- 
 Office, and the second story for United States court-rooms and offices. This 
 is the third costly post-office building that has occupied this site, — the other 
 two having been destroyed by fire. The first post-office in Falmouth, under 
 authority of the Continental Congress, was established in 1776, by Benja- 
 
 South side of Middle StfOet, from Plum to Enchange. 
 
 min Franklin, Postmaster General for the United Colonics. Deacon Sam- 
 uel Freeman was tlie first postmaster, his commission bearing date October 
 5, 177i). We liave had sixteen jiostmasters, the jiresent incumbent being 
 ex-Judge Ciiarles W. Godflaid. Judge Goddard has obtained from the 
 records at Washington the following list of the postmasters of Portland 
 since the organization of the American postal service under Postmaster 
 GenoTMl I''r,uikliii : "Dcacim Samuel Freeman, a]i]ii)inti'd October 5, 1775; 
 
POBTLAyo AND VICINITY. 
 
 77 
 
 Thomas M. Prentiss, July 1, 1804; Joshua Wingate, Jr., February 20, 1805; 
 James Wingate, August 9, 1805; Rob- 
 ert Ilsley, June 1, 1815; Mark Harris, 
 1823; Dr. Nathaniel Low, December 3, 
 1823 ; Nathaniel Mitchell, April 9, 1829; 
 Thomas Todd, December 8, 1834; Na- 
 thaniel Mitchell, September 11, 1839; 
 Colonel Sylvanus R. Lyman, May 4, 
 1841; Nathan L. Woodbury, Aiu-il 2, 
 1845; Joshua Dunn, May 5, 1849; Na- 
 than L. Woodbury, April 1, 1853; Sam- 
 uel Jordan, April 1, 1857 ; Maj. Andrew 
 T. Dole, April 8, 1861 ; Judge Woodbury 
 Davis, December 9, 1865; Charles W. 
 Goddard, October 7, 1871." 
 
 Daring the first year after its estab- 
 lishment only eighty-four letters were 
 
 Canal Bank, 
 
 received at this post-office, — the 
 mail running once si week. In 
 1880 this office paid the Govern- 
 ment a profit of $108,380.71. 
 Twenty-three clerks and ten car- 
 riers are employed in the office, 
 and fourteen route .agents distri- 
 bute the mails on the various lines 
 of railway radiating from this 
 point. In 1804 the daily western 
 mail was a new undertaking; now 
 twenty-five mails arrive and de- 
 part daily. 
 
 Merchants Bank. Glancing up Exchange street 
 
 we see the fine block of the Portland Savings Bank, and not far above it 
 
78 
 
 POBTLAXD AXD VICiyiTY. 
 
 the Printers' Exchnnge, Mliere are issued tlie Daily Argus (Democratic), 
 the Daily Press (Republican), and several weekly newspapers, including 
 Zinn's Advocate (Bijitist), and Christian ]Mirror. The Daily Advertiser is 
 ])ublislied at 197 Federal street; the Portland Transcript (literary and fam- 
 ily weekly), 44 Exchange ; the Sunday Times (Independent), 31 Market ; 
 Portland Globe, UOi^ Exchange; Daily Morning News, corner Middle and 
 Temple ; City Item, 7 Exchange street. 
 
 Continuing down Middle street, below Exchange, we enter the region 
 of wliolesale dry-goods, clothing, hardware, crockery, and druggist ware- 
 
 liouses, built 
 since the fire of 
 1866, previous 
 to which time 
 trade had made 
 " but very few 
 encroachments 
 u]p(in the iiM 
 family estates 
 ill til is direc- 
 tidii. Here, on 
 the left, was 
 the old Plant 
 Sawyer man- 
 sion, a fine resi- 
 dence seated in 
 the midst of an 
 extensive and 
 wcll-kc]it gar- 
 den. It was for 
 sonic years the 
 residence of the 
 Hon. John M. 
 Wood. Its site 
 is now covered 
 
 Exchange Street, from Middle to F^.. l'-: •.. with busiuCSS 
 
 blocks. Just ojipositc stood the unfinished marble liotel commenced by Mr. 
 Wood, but never completed. On this site iMessrs. Stover I'.ros. & Co. are 
 now (1881) building a handsome block of stores. 
 
 Here we cross Pearl street, a wide avenue extending straight across 
 the city from water to water. This street was laid out and widened after 
 the great fire of 18G6. Previous to that time the cross streets in this vicin- 
 ity were very narrow, this being the most ancient and dense part of tlie 
 town. There were manv narrow lanes here in early times, some of which 
 
rOliTLAXD AXD VICiyiTY. 
 
 79 
 
 lioie odd names. Newbury street, for instance, was known as Turkey lane, 
 and that part of Hampshire street which runs from Middle to Fore street 
 was called Chub lane. Then tliere was Moose Alley, now Chatham street, 
 which is said to have owed its name to the fact that a moose was, killed 
 there in early times. Many of the houses standing here before the fire of 
 18G6 dated from the middle of the last century. The oldest house in the 
 city — built by Enoch Moody, in 1740, — stood on the corner of Congress 
 and Franklin streets. The oldest house now remaining in the city stands 
 near the foot of Preble street. It is a one-story structure, built by Hugh 
 McLellan, in 1755, __ _ 
 
 on Congress, oppo- 
 site Casco street. 
 Mr. McLellan had 
 the frame brought 
 from Gorham, and 
 built the house for 
 his daughter, who 
 married Joseph 
 McLellan. It stood 
 on that site for over 
 one hundred years, 
 and in 1866 was re- 
 moved to its present 
 position, where it is 
 still used as a dwell- 
 ing house. Owing 
 to the fact that the 
 city has been so 
 many times swept 
 by fire, we have no 
 
 very ancient struc- ^-^^^^^^SES^^g?- 
 
 tures remaining. Post office. 
 
 The old m.ansions in this part of the city, long the homes of families 
 prominent in our history, have all been swept .away. Our oldest church, 
 the First Parish, has seen but fifty-six years. All where we are now walk- 
 ing is the growth of the past fifteen years, except a few ancient and dilapi- 
 dated dwelling-houses at the corner of Middle and India streets, which still 
 linger among the modern structures around them to remind us of the days 
 that are gone. 
 
 At the corner of Deer street we come upon the spot wliere, up to 
 1866, stood the old Second Parish Ciiurch, with its wide brick pavement 
 in front; a spot sacred to many from its association with the ministry of 
 the sainted Payson, who preached here for twenty years. The clock in 
 
80 
 
 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 the tower of this church was of great convenience to all doing business 
 on Middle street, and after its destruction by the fire of 1866 many an 
 eye was involuntarily cast in this direction to learn the time o' day. The 
 site of the church is now covered by a block of cheap shops. 
 
 In this vicinity we come ujion traces of the great fire. This jiortioii 
 
 of ^liddle street, i)rcvious to 1866, was occupied by dwelling-houses, which 
 
 ha\ L' been in part replaced by stores, while spaces still remain vacant w.nx- 
 
 ing for the demands of business, it being evident that the trade of the city 
 
 _ must extend in 
 
 this direction. 
 
 At the junc- 
 tion of Ilamji- 
 shire street we 
 reach the point 
 where in early 
 times a stream 
 flowed across 
 Middle street 
 into Clay Cove, 
 and was span- 
 ned here by a 
 bridge. The 
 street has here 
 been filled in 
 and raised to 
 nearly a uni- 
 form grade, but 
 the ancient lev- 
 el may be seen 
 by lodkiugover 
 the wall into 
 the s u n k e n 
 
 Portland Savings Bank. £J''OUnds of the 
 
 Thomas Browne estate, "where once the garden smiled." Clay Cove itself 
 has also been filled up and Imilt u]ion. It lay just below this point, and 
 in early times was a maikiil feature in the topoirrajihy of the town. Thirty 
 <ir forty years ago ship-buildiinj; was carried on extensively in the Cove, and 
 many a vessel of large toini.age has been launched where now is solid land 
 covered witli buildings. 
 
 This brings us to India street, our most ancient thoroughfare, having 
 ]iiobal)ly been o])ened before 16H(I, at which time it was called Broad street. 
 On the resettlenient <if the town, in 17'24, it was laid out four rods wide 
 miller the name of High King street. It received its jiresent name in 1837. 
 
POBTLAXD AND VICINITY. 
 
 81 
 
 ft was long — in connection with Back, now Congress, street — the princi- 
 pal i-oute out of town. On the corner of Middle street a meeting-house 
 was built in 1721, which was occupied until the erection of the First Parisli 
 church in 1740. A highly respectable old street was this previous to the 
 rti-e of 1866. Its old family mansions, with their terraced gardens in the 
 rear and their lofty elms in front, had an air of antiquity and staid respect- 
 ability now lost to the street forever. It has never wholly recovered from 
 the ravages of the fire, and the desolate sites of the Fessenden and other 
 mansions remain to re- 
 mind us of the times 
 that were. 
 
 Passing down India 
 street a short distance 
 we come to Fore street, 
 turning into which, on 
 the left, a few minutes' 
 walk brings us to the 
 foot of Hancock street, 
 on the corner of which 
 stands an old-fashioned 
 mansion, "the old square 
 wooden house, upon the 
 edge of the sea," in 
 which Henry W. Long- 
 fellow was born on the Fore and Hancock Streets. — Birthplace of the Poet Longfellow. 
 
 27th day of February, 1807. Here his father, Stephen Longfellow, resided 
 before removing into the house built by his father-in-law. General Wads- 
 worth, on Congress street. In those days the sea flowed up to the edge 
 of the road, o]iposite the house, which commanded a fine view of the har- 
 bor. Within the recollection of our middle-aged citizens the beach oppo- 
 site the house was the scene of the rite of baptism, administered on the 
 Sabbath, in the presence of a crowd of interested spectators. Now the 
 beach is covered, and the sea pushed farther out, by the made-land of the 
 Grand Trunk Railway, whose trains run where once the tide ebbed and 
 flowed. The house is of three stories, and is still in good repair. 
 
 A short distance eastward of the poet's birthplace, near the foot of 
 Mountfort street, is the site of the house of George Cleeves, our first settler, 
 who was attracted here in 1632 by the brook which supplied him with fresh 
 water. Only a few years since, previous to the introduction of the Sebago 
 water, Bethuel Sweetsir was selling the water of this ancient spring to our 
 citizens, in time of drouth. 
 
 Returning now to India street we pass, on tlie left, the freight-station 
 and round-house of the Grand Trunk Railway, occupying the site of Fort 
 
 G 
 
82 
 
 roilTLAyi) AND VICINITY. 
 
 Loyal, whence, in 1690, our early settlers were carried captives, a weary 
 way through the wilderness, to Montreal, with which city this very railroad 
 now gives us diiily connection. 
 
 We are now at the foot of India street, ami find ourselves on the ex- 
 tensive premises of the Grand Trunk ]>;iil\vay, whoso wharves and ocean 
 sheds afford ma-jiiificent accommodations for its great freight business be- 
 tween Canada ami Europe. Here are the wharves of the Dominion and 
 Beaver lines of steamships, each of which furnishes a fortnightly means of 
 communication between Portland and Liverpool for the half-year beginning 
 
 Franklin Wharf, with Elevator. 
 
 about November 15th. The steam- 
 ships of these lines are fine iron-built 
 ships. The amount of freight hand- 
 led here during the year, bi'twi'en the 
 railroad and the steamers, is immense, 
 
 and the scene jirt'si'iiti'd during tl.e winter season is a busv one, giving the 
 spectator enlarged ideas of the eommerce of our port. 
 
 Just here, too, begins our wholesale business avenue. Commercial street, 
 one hundred feet wide and a mile long, running across the whole water- 
 front of the city, with a railroad track in the middle of it, connecting the 
 Grand Tiunk with the railroads ruuning east and west, amj with branches 
 down the wharves for the accommodation of shipping. Here was anciently 
 a short street, accepted in 1724, and known as Thames street. It is now 
 absorbed in Commercial street, and no longer exists. Commercial street 
 conlaiTis nianv fine blocks of wholesale warehouses, and bv its near access 
 
POUTLAND ASD VICINITY. 
 
 83 
 
 to all the wharves, and its railroad aceominodations, — bringing the pro- 
 ducts of the Great West to the doors of our merchants, — affords rare fa- 
 cilities for the reception and shipment of goods. In the busy season it 
 presents an animated scene. 
 
 Let us stroll along this business thoroughfare and note the jirincipal 
 objects of interest. Here, on the right, is a relic of other days, strangely 
 out of keeping with the substantial warehouses among which it stands. It 
 is the old family mansion built by the widow of Brigadier Preble, in 1780, 
 on the site of her father's house which was burned in the destruction of 
 the town by Mow- 
 att, in 1775. This 
 was then a beautiful 
 retired situation, 
 looking out upon 
 the harbor, and the 
 house was surround- 
 ed by a garden filled 
 with fruit and orna- 
 mental trees. Forty 
 years ago Lemuel 
 Dyer lived in this 
 house, and built 
 shijis in the rear of 
 it. Opposite this 
 house is Gait's wharf 
 on which stands the 
 new grain elevator 
 built by the Grand 
 Trunk Railway 
 Company, in 1875, 
 
 at a cost of $50,000. Custom House. 
 
 It has a length of 101 feet, a width of 53 feet, and a total height, includ- 
 ing the three-story cupola, of 107 feet. It is fitted with dock elevators for 
 loading and unloading vessels, and with large steam shovels for unloading 
 cars. It has 42 bins for holding grain, each 46 feet deep, and the total 
 capacity of the whole structure is 200,000 busliels. 
 
 We come next to Franklin wharf, where lie the Boston steamers, run 
 by the Portland Steam Packet Company, formed in 1844, and very suc- 
 cessfully managed by such men as Captain J. B. Coyle and the late Leon- 
 ard Billings. At this wharf also lie the steamers of the Maine Steamship 
 Company, which maintains a semi-weekly line to New York, under the 
 management of Henry Fox, the general agent. 
 
 A short walk brings us to the Custom House, a handsome granite 
 
84 
 
 rOUTLA.W A.W VICIXITX. 
 
 Structure, which fronts ii])oii both Commercial and Fore streets. Completed 
 in 187:2, at a cost of *i4S5,UU0, this is one of the most substantial, conven- 
 ient, and elegant buildings in the whole country. The interior is richly 
 finished, and affords ample accommodation for the transaction of the busi- 
 ness of the customs. The first officer connected will) the collection of duties 
 at this port was Moses Pearson, who was appointed in 1730. The present 
 IT. S. Collector of the District is the Hon. Lot M. Morrill. -V large busi. 
 ness is transacted here, the average annual amount of duties collected for 
 some years past not being far from §1)00,(100. In addition to the regular 
 imports and exports, the railroad connection with Canada brings a large 
 transit business, so that while, in amount of duties uj)on consumption and 
 warehouse entries, Portland is the seventh or eighth port in the United 
 
 Commercial Street, from foot of Cross Street, looking towards Grand Trunk Depot. 
 
 States, in amount of duties assessed upon all goods passing through the 
 Custom House, it is the tliird or fourth. 
 
 We are now in the center of the wholesale trade in West India goods, 
 flour and grain, to which, among others, the Thomas Block of substanti:d 
 warehou.ses gives amjde accommodation. Here, too, are the coal-yards, and 
 the fish-markets, where a large wholesale business in fresh fish is transacted. 
 Looking eastward from the corner of Cross street, a busy scene is presented 
 to the eye. Long lines of freight cars stand in the middle of the street, 
 from wliich barrels of flour are rolleil on skids into the iloors of the ware- 
 houses; lumpers ;iii(l 'Imigshoremen are discharging corn from other cars 
 in baskets on their sliciulilcrs; heavy teams are transporting goods to the 
 wharves, for shi|imciit l)v ]iacket or steamer to eastern ))orts; crowds of 
 pleasure-seekers are crossing the street to reach the Islaml steamers, while 
 groups of merchants, shipmasters, sailors, and ilay-laborers diversify the 
 scene. 
 
POIiTLAXD AXD VICI.VirY. 
 
 S.} 
 
 Passing on, we enter the region of the lumber trade, — an important 
 interest, ^ — with wharves covered with the products of mills in the inter- 
 ior, brought down 
 by rail for ship- 
 ment. 
 
 Here the street 
 is reduced to a 
 shelf of land by 
 the high bank of 
 York street, wall- 
 ed up, under 
 which runs the 
 trains of the Bos- 
 ton and Blaine 
 Railroad. Its sta- 
 tion is on one side 
 of the street, and 
 
 that of the Eastern Railroad — which also accommodates the Maine Central 
 and Portland and Ogdensburg trains — is on the other. These are at the 
 head of Railroad wharf, where lie the steamers of the International Steam- 
 ship Company, which, during the excursion season, make tri-weekly trijss to 
 Eastport and St. John, connecting with steamer running to the picturesque 
 isl.and of Grand Menan, now visited by an increasing number of tourists ; 
 also with the city of Fredericton, on the St. John ; with Ilalifa.x, N. S.; 
 Charlottetown, P. E. I., and all parts of the ^Maritime Provinces. The steam- 
 ers running to Mt. Desert and Machias also land at the same wharf. These 
 latter steamers, during the summer, make the following trips to the great 
 sea-side resort, Mt. Desert, connecting with railroads running to and from 
 Portland : the steamer City of Richmond will leave Railroad Wharf every 
 Monday, Wednesday and Friday night, at 11 p. m , or on arrival of trains 
 from the West; the steamer Lewiston every Tuesday and Friday. 
 
86 
 
 rOHTLAXD AXI) VKISITY. 
 
 THE ISLANDS. 
 
 From the earliest times the islands in our harbor have been much re- 
 sorted to by our citizens for recreation during the heats of summer. Cool- 
 ness and comfort are to be found on their rocky shores wlicn the city is 
 swelteriiiii; umlcr a blazinsr sun. The amusements of bathini' and fishinc; 
 may be diversified by strolls through balsamic groves, or by watching the 
 surges of the restless ocean as they break in foam at the base of old White 
 
 Scene at end of Custom House Wharf.— " Off for the Islands!" 
 
 IFond. Yo.nrs ago, before j)k'asure-stcamers were introduced, it was the cus- 
 tom to make the trip in sail-boats. By mismanagement, or sudden squalls 
 of wind, those were sometimes upset, aiid whole parties of women and child- 
 ren were drowned. One of the most lamentable of these disasters occurred 
 in July, 1848, when the wife and three children of Mr. Smith, and four 
 children of ]Mr. John Whyley, were drowned by the upsetting of the pleas- 
 ure-lxiat Leo, near Hog Island Ledge, by a .sudden flaw of wind. Since 
 the introduction of steamboats very few accidents have occurred, many 
 thous.-inds each season enjoying the trip with entire safety. 
 
 If we chance to be on Commerci.al street some warm, summer al'ter- 
 noon, we shall see crowds of men, women, and children converging toward 
 .the end of Custom House wliarf, where the Gazelle and the Express, steam- 
 ers of the Casco Bay Slearnboat C'omjiany, take their de]>arture. Or, 
 at an earlier liour, excursion jiarties, numbering hundreds, whicli have come 
 by rail from some distant interioi' town, in.iy lie t'cunid in jiursuit of the 
 same object. The harlior ;it this time picMiils .in .-inimated and beautiful 
 
rOUTLAXD A.\D VICIMTY. 
 
 87 
 
 scene. The breeze ruffles the wiiter just sufficiently to give commotion to 
 
 its surface; the dancing waves gleam in llie bright al'tcrnnon sunshine; 
 the liarbor is perlni])s full of coasters, i.ileasure-} aclils, and sail-boats, whose 
 white sails, lioisted td dry after the rain, remind one of the wings of a 
 flock of water-fowl just rising for fliglit; sea-gulls wheel through liie air 
 on the watch for bits of food floating on the water; row-boats are mov- 
 ing about from point to [)oint ; the ferry-boat is steaming over to the oppo- 
 site shore of Cape Elizabeth ; and crowds of merry pleasure-seekers are 
 swarming on the decks of the Gazelle. As she moves off from the wharf 
 and steams down the harbor, the city with its docks, 
 ^^ its shipping, its warehouses, its stee|)les, its "breezy 
 
 dome " of shade trees, and the gilded summit of City 
 Hall, rises on its swelling peninsula, presenting a beau- 
 tiful picture. Presently we are o]ipo- 
 the Breakwater, extending from a 
 ;abeth shore, for 
 
 Breakwater Light, with Cushing's Island and Fort Preble in the distance. 
 
 protection of the shipping in southwesterly gales, with a harbor-light on its 
 outer end to jirotect them from itself! The Breakwater was commenced 
 ■as long ago as 1836, but was finished oidy eight or ten years since. The 
 light-house at its extremity is a very tasteful little structure of iron. Now 
 we are off Fort Preble, named for our Commodore Edward Preble, antl 
 situated on Spring Point, Cape Elizabeth. The old brick fort has been 
 demolished to give place to new breastworks not yet completed. Here 
 the harbor garrison is stationed, and at close of day we may hear the 
 sunset gun, and tlie drums beating the "tattoo." Nearly opposite, on 
 House Island, is Fort Scammell, named for Colonel Alexander Scammcll, 
 a brave officer of the Revolutionary army. The original fort, commenced 
 in 1808, with its old-fashioned block-house, has been dismantled to give 
 place to a modern fortification, with bastions, bomb-proofs, and heavy 
 guns. Fort Scammell occupies a very important position in the harbor, 
 
88 
 
 rOMTL^UVn AND VIVISITY. 
 
 commanding four of llie channels leading into it. It consists in part of 
 granite walls, and in jiarl of eartiiworks. Farther within the harbor, on 
 a low ledge off Little Hog Island, stands Fort Gorges, named for Sir Fer- 
 dinando Gorges, tlie first proin-ietor of tliis ]iart of .Alaini'. It is octngoii- 
 
 Steamer John Brooks, for Boston, passing Fort Scamnnell. 
 
 ?^. shape as regards the form of about three-fourths 
 of its circumference, the back being straight ; is 
 built of granite, witli embrasures for two tiers 
 of guns, while on the ]iarM)iot guns of tjie licav. 
 iest calibre will lie |>l:iceil. 'i'liis fort is iiileiid- 
 ed to defend the harbor and the channels leading into it. It jnesents (|uile 
 an iin])osing appearance witli its high granite walls, and green par.'ipets, 
 which are neatlv sodded. Passing down the sl]i]i-channcl a short ilistancc 
 we rcacli 
 
 CUSHIXC-S ISLAM) 
 
 Cusliinor's Island lies at the mouth of rortland Ilarltor, its sotilhern 
 end forininLr ""c shore of the ship-channel wliicii is the main entrance to 
 the harbor. It has the most bold and prnminciit features of all the islands 
 in the b:iy. Kising to a considcr.ible altittide, its st>utheastcrn shore ]>ro- 
 senls a rocky and ])rcci]Mtons front to the sea, terminating at the nortli- 
 eastern end in ■\ caslclla1( d l)liitT nf |ici|icndicul,ir rock ncarlv one Iniinlrtd 
 
POBTLAXD AND Vlfl.XITr. 
 
 89 
 
 Cape Elizabeth opposite to it, were 
 known, was Portland, as was also 
 the main channel between them, 
 "Portland Sound." James An- 
 drews was the first proprietor ; he 
 was living upon it in 1667, and it 
 was known by his name. Later, 
 it was known as Fort Island, prob- 
 ably from its having been a place 
 of retreat from the Indians in 
 1676, when a fort was hastily 
 thrown up there for protection. 
 It afterwards came into possession 
 of Joshua Bangs, whose name it 
 bore for more than a hundred 
 years. About thirty-one yeai-s 
 since it was purchased, for ten 
 thousand dollars, by Lemuel Gush- 
 ing, Esq., of Chatham, Canada, 
 who in 1853 built a large brick 
 hotel on the island, which he 
 named the Ottawa House. This 
 house has long been a favorite 
 resort of the best class of Cana- 
 dians, who fill it to its utmost ca- 
 pacity during the summer months. 
 On the death of Mr. Cushing, a 
 few years since, the property came 
 into possession of his sons, who 
 now contemplate making large im- 
 provements on the island. 
 
 The original house will accom- 
 modate one hundred and fifty 
 guests, and the contemplated addi- 
 tions will increase its capacity to 
 two hundred and fifty. The sum- 
 mer climate of the island is very 
 equable and healthy, the average 
 range of the thermometer, in the 
 rooms, being from 65 to 68 degrees 
 throughout tlie season. The bal- 
 samic odors of the firs and sjn-uces 
 mingling with the fresh sea-breezes 
 
90 
 
 POItTLAND AND VICIXITY. 
 
 have a bracing and tonic effect. Good beaches afford oi)portunities for 
 sea-balliing, wliilc botli the shore and deep-sea fishing are excellent, din- 
 ners are caught from the rocks, and off White Head cod and haddock 
 abound. 
 
 Tiic island has capabilities of becoming one of the best watering- 
 places on the coast. As the whole island belongs to tlie pro]irictors, the 
 guests have the entire freedom of it, without the fear of trespassing. 
 Through the kindness of the Messrs. Gushing it is also ojien to jiicnic 
 parties and campers-out, though the shooting of birds is properly forbid- 
 den. Among contemplated improvements are summer cottages, for fami- 
 
 Ono of the Beaches on Cushing's Island. 
 
 lies, and possibly a diive around tlie island, five miles in length, which 
 would command miigniiicent sea views. 
 
 There is a good ro:id from the wlKirf to the hotel, and a carriage for 
 the accommodation of guests. A bowling-salodii :ind billiard-ronm assist 
 in furnishing .•iniusement. 
 
 On landing from the steamer do not take the open road to the hotel, 
 but rather follow the path which leads past the cottages to the willowy 
 dell where stands the old farm-house. This liollow, into which you de- 
 scend by steps cut in the green bank, is a surprise and a delight — the 
 beauty-spot of the island, in strong contrast to the wildness of White 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 91 
 
 Head. That looks sternly out on the heaving sea; this nestles beneath 
 old willows, through which you catch glimpses of the smoother waters of 
 the main entrance to the hai-bor, and the opposite shore of Cape Elizaheth. 
 
 A bit of the Shore on Cushing's Island. 
 
 That is a bold headland, standing on which, in an easterly storm, the ad- 
 mirer of the sublime in nature may see the waves break high in air as 
 they ceaselessly beat at the base of the cliff; this is a dim]ile in the shore, 
 smiling on a summer sea, where, seated on the grass, with the green wiU 
 lows overhead, you may fancy yourself in a rural ]iaradise. 
 
 This pleasant retreat slojies down to tlie beach, where are bathing- 
 houses, and 
 w here t h e 
 smooth, hard 
 sand, and the 
 seclusion of 
 the spot, in- 
 V i t e to a 
 tumble in 
 the sea. 
 
 Climbini,' 
 now to the 
 higher part 
 of the island #!*- 
 we come to 
 the liotel, < 
 standing on 
 
 an elevated Ottawa House, Gushing s Island- 
 
 site comm.anding magnificent views. Pause on the piazza and look towards 
 the city. The view of it is the finest in our harbor. On the right lies 
 House Island, with its fort; on the left, the shij^-channel, dotted with the 
 
92 
 
 POniLAM) AXD VICLMTY. 
 
 while sails of passing vessels, ■vvith the opposite shore of Cape Elizabeth, 
 Fort Preble answering to Fort Scamnu-Il, and the projecting breakwater 
 with its harbor-light. Across the harbor, in the distance, rises Munjoj-, 
 with tlie "White Monntaiiis far beliind it, from which a cliain of lower 
 hills stretches away to the west. The whole extent of the city is reveal- 
 ed, from Munjoy to Braniliall, its s])ires rising above the foliage of the 
 shade-trees at its western ind. 
 
 Now if yon would have a still vider view, ascend to the cupola and 
 look seaward. Tiie broad ocean is before you, stretching far away to the 
 
 horizon, where the wliite sails of the 
 mackerel fleet mingle with tlie sky-line. 
 Far below yi)u lies IJam Island, with 
 tlie surf beating on its ragged shores; 
 eastward lie tlie out;r islands of the 
 bay, and Half-way Kock, with its soli- 
 tary light-liouse ; westward is Portland 
 Light, and the Two-Lights on the Cajie; 
 seaward the waves are all a-shimmer 
 wilh sunlight, and departing shi]ps 
 cleave swiftly through them. 
 
 It remains only to visit White Head, 
 the grand old headland that guards the 
 eastern entrance to our harbor. It is a 
 walk of a mile or more along the em- 
 liowcred ])ath that runs through the 
 evergreen woods. Here the clo.se-sct 
 spruces shut out all sight of the sea, 
 so near at hand, while yet the music 
 of its breaking waves falls softly on the 
 ear. One miglit think himself ilream- 
 ing (if the ocean in some far inland 
 foiest. Occasionally a break in the 
 dense foliage gives a vii'w of idnstered 
 stems, rising in "a dim, religious light," like the jiillars of some vast ca- 
 tlu'di'al. The soft carpet of tlii' sod gives back no sound to your footfall, 
 and the path is solitary, save the sentinel crow in sonic tall lir, who caws 
 angrily at your intrusion. The walk ends on the ojn'u brow of ilu' preci- 
 pice, from which the woods recede, leaving it to battle with the ocean in 
 its native strength. Here the view widens on all sides. Just below, on 
 the right, lie the low green shores of Peaks" Island; in the foreground, 
 on the left, are seen the frowning walls of the forts; the city lies in the 
 <lislanee bathe(l in sunshine, while in the remote northwest the Wiiite 
 Mountains miui'le their summits with the cuinuloiis clouds. Lookiii'' east- 
 
 One of the Walks on Cushing's Island. 
 
POJiTLAND AND VlCiyiTY. 
 
 93 
 
 wani the surface of the bay is broken by many wooded islands, and far 
 in the dim distance Seguin appears, a shadowy outline on the horizon. 
 Southward rolls the ocean, witii many a sail on its broad bosom, — some 
 coming out of the misty distance, wiiile others are disappearing beyond 
 the line which bounds the view. 
 
 White Head presents to the sea a precipice of one liundred to one 
 hundred and fifty feet in height. It is composed of a gray, granitic rock, 
 split into leaves standing on their edges, fallen into broken fragments, 
 scarred, seamed, jagged, and yet presenting smooth, precipitous walls. 
 
 White Head, Cushing's Island. 
 
 painted a warm orange-red by the hardy lichens, whose mission it is to 
 clothe the barren rock with beauty. 
 
 The Head projects into the sea in three distinct Tnasses, having be- 
 tween them two deep recesses, or miniature fiords, worn far into the cliff 
 by the waves. Down one of these abysses you may scramble over the 
 fallen rocks, and sit under the projecting cliff, with the foamy sea beat- 
 ing on the barnacled ledges at your feet. Into the other recess there is 
 no descent. Its walls on all tliree sides fall precipitously into the water 
 which forms its floor. It is a great ball-room, in which only the waves 
 may dance, while we look on from the galleries above. The south wall 
 
94 POIiTLAXD AXD VICmiTY. 
 
 of this recess runs out into a point not more than three feet wide at tlie 
 extremity, ami lying flat here one may look straight down into the sea, 
 a dizzy depth. 
 
 Standing on tlie top of the clil't', and looking down on the white- 
 winged craft which are eontinnally passing, as they leave or enter the 
 harbor, rising and falling with graceful dip on the long roll of the sea, 
 you feel yourself poised in mid-air, and akin to the sea-birds, which soar 
 and sweep around you; the white sails come and go; tlic water surrounds 
 you on all sides but one, and spreads in pale blue beauty up the lovely 
 bay, or in deeper tints southward toward the horizon lines. 
 
 How different must be the scene when a winter night shuts down 
 in storm and darkness, and the angry waves tumble into these rocky re- 
 cesses, and leap in foam and spray high into the air. Then it is that 
 "White Head is white indeed, and a welcome sight to the storm-tossed 
 mariner, whose staggering bark leaps at once from a turbulent sea into 
 calm Avaters behind its sheltering shores — the natural breakwater of our 
 liarbor. A wharf has been built on the inner shore of White Head, where 
 the island steamers touch. 
 
 PEAKS' ISLAND. 
 
 Peaks' Island lies j)artly inside of Cushing's Island, from which it is 
 separated by White Head Passage. Together with Cushing's Island it 
 forms an effectual barrier against the w-aves of the ocean, which would 
 otherwise beat in up to the wharves of the city. It is surrounded by 
 four islands — Cushing's, House, Hog (or Diamond), and Long — and with 
 them forms a beautiful and safe harbor for thousands of vessels annually 
 seeking its protection. It is about one and a half miles long by a mile 
 and a quarter wide, at the widest part, and contains seven hundred and 
 twenty acres. Though not rising to so great an elevation as Cushing's 
 Island, or presenting so bold a front to the sea, it has many attractive 
 features, being in some respects the most beautiful island in our harbor. 
 Its outer shore is rocky and wave-worn, jiresenting an inhosiiitabU' asjicct 
 to vessels seeking the harbor in a storm. Hero the surf bre.iks heavily, 
 :ind ll)e spray, even in pleasant weather, frequently daslics in tlie air to 
 the height of twenty feet. 
 
 From the seaward shore the land rises gradually to a central cKva- 
 tion of perhaps a hundred feet in the highest part, commanding magnili- 
 cent views of the ocean, the harbor, and the inountains, eighty miles away. 
 From this elevation it descends to the inner shore, ]iresenting a green and 
 sunny slo])c to the smoother waters of the harbor. Tiie island frowns ujion 
 the sea and smiles u]ion the city. There are few fairer ]iictures than that 
 presented by its long stri)) of sandy beach, with the high green bank ris- 
 ing stee])ly above it, fringed in ]iart by droojiing foliage, behind which 
 Tirsilc snug cottages, while on the higher ground are seen the neat little 
 
POIiTLAXD AXD VJC/X/TY. 
 
 95 
 
 church, the school-house, and many large boarding-houses. The houses are 
 dotted about in the most charming disregai-d of order and regularity, and 
 foot-paths wind through the grass from one to another in a very pleasant 
 way. For two centuries there was not a regular road, nor a horse, upon 
 the island, but a few years since a street four hundred and sixty rods long 
 was laid out by the city, and iu 1875 the jjortion of it nmning from Ever- 
 n-recii Landiu"' to the seliool-liouse was "I'aded. 
 
 Though not the largest island belonging to the city, Peaks' Island has 
 tlie larsrest number of inhabitants, the resident population numbering three 
 hundred and seventy. They are largely descendants of our first settlers. 
 
 Jones's Lj'iding, P.;i,-/ 1, J- d 
 
 a hardy and industrious people, doing a little 
 farming and a good deal of fishing. Of late 
 years less attention has been paid to fishing, 
 and more to the entertainment of summer visi- 
 tors. The beauty of the island, and its facili- 
 ties for sea-bathing and fishing, yearlj^ attract 
 large numbers of summer boarders, as also ex- 
 cursion and picnic parties, and dwellers in tents .by the seashore. There 
 are now six large boarding-houses on the island, and many smaller ones. 
 These make a special business of entertaining visitors, while nearly every 
 lionse takes in a few boarders during the season. The average nutnbei- 
 of boarders on the island during the year, for some years past, has been 
 twelve hundred and ninety. The number of jjersons camping-out each 
 season is estimated at three to five hundred. There are now many sum- 
 mer residences on the island, and the number within a few years to come 
 will doubtless rapidly increase. No place on the coast offers greater or 
 more varied attractions for summer residences. There are seventy-five 
 dwelling-houses occupied throughout the year, against sixteen thirty yeai's 
 ago. The island attracts a larger number of visitors than any other in our 
 
9G POETLAXD A.W VICINITY. 
 
 harbor, and forms, with its swings, its bowling-saloons, its refreshment- 
 rooms, its beaclie.s, its woody retreats and rocky shores, a most attractive 
 pleasure-vt'sort. 
 
 IMr. Willis, our liistoriun, tells us that there is reason to believe that 
 the first attempt to establish a plantation within the limits of ancient Fal- 
 mouth was on Peaks' Islantl. Christojiher Levett records that in IC'23 lie 
 built and fortified a habitation on an island, which, from his deserijition 
 of the location, is supposed to have been this one. He left ten men in 
 charge of his house and went back to England to bring over his wife and 
 children, but it does not appear that he ever came back. The island formed 
 a part of the grant to George Cleeves, and he, in 1G37, deeded it to his 
 son-in-law, Michael Mitton, from whom have descended the Bracketts and 
 Trotts of our day, who still hold possessions there. They are a people 
 tenacious of the soil, and the island has been the fruitful mother of law- 
 suits in modern times, — one i)arty claiming possession through Mitton, 
 and the other through Phillips, to whom Mitton's widow transferred it. 
 It is believed to be held now under both titles, by a sort of comjiromise, 
 — the Brackett branch of the Mitton family occu]jying j)art of it, and the 
 grantees under Phillips the remainder. The island has borne the success- 
 ive names of Pond, IMichacI, Munjoy, Palmer, and Peaks. The first name 
 was probably derived from the ])ond on the island ; Michael comes from 
 Michael Mitton, the first occupant; Munjoy and Palmer from succeeding 
 owners ; and of Peaks, strange to say, nothing is known. 
 
 The steamer lands at two points on the island : one at the western 
 end, called Scott's Jjanding; the other at the eastern extremity, known as 
 Evergreen Landing. Ste])ping on shore .at Scott's Landing, on a sntumer 
 afternoon, we find ourselves at once in the midst of an animated scene of 
 recreation. Here are the bowling-alleys, the swings, and the old apple- 
 trees, beneath which the elders sit while the children play around them 
 on the grass. Near the head of the wharf stands the LTnion House, kept 
 by W. T. Jones for a quarter of a century or more. It is the longest estab- 
 lished boarding-house on the island, and for many years has been a favorite 
 resort of visitors from Canada, who return season after season and fill the 
 liouse to overflowing. It is well managed, and is famous for its fish-chow- 
 ders. A good beach here affords fine facilities for bathing in perfect safety. 
 i\Ir. Jones died in 1880, but the house is still kept open and its reputation 
 maintained by members of his family. 
 
 Passing along the shore a short distance we reach the western end of 
 the island. Let us make this llie starting-pcuiit for a stroll around il. 
 Here, near tlie shore, is the island cemetery, a ne;it enclosure, with its 
 white marble headstones and monuments. The s])ot was formerly neg- 
 lected, and overgrown with brambles, exploring among which, some years 
 ago, we found the grave of a jioor iirinter, who visited the island fin- his 
 
POIiTLAXD AXD VICINITY. 
 
 97 
 
 health over fifty years ago, and died here. On his gravestone was inscribed, 
 at his own request, Pope's well-known line : " whatever is, is right." A 
 gentleman with us remembered coming down from the Argus office — in 
 which he was then an apprentice — to attend the funeral. 
 
 We enter next the grove where Mr. James W. Brackett has estab- 
 lished his Green- ^ 
 wood Saloon. 
 This is one of 
 the most beauti- 
 ful spots on the 
 island. The high 
 bank is fringed 
 here with trees, 
 shutting in a 
 bowery enclos- 
 ure, — -half orch- 
 ard, half grove, 
 — which forms 
 a sylvan retreat 
 from the crowd 
 of pleasure-seek- 
 ers at the Land- 
 ing. In the cot- 
 tage at hand — 
 which he con- 
 templates en- 
 
 larffino* IVIr, "Greenwood," Peaks' Island. 
 
 Brackett accommodates summer boarders. Here begins the new street 
 which has been laid out along the northern shore of the island, but this 
 portion of it has not yet been graded. 
 
 Following its course we pass the bowling-alleys, the Peaks' Island House, 
 and the rear of the Union House, until we come to the Bay View House, 
 kept by J. T. Sterling. This house stands high on the bank above the 
 shore, and commands a fine view of the harbor and the city. In this 
 neighborhood arc many neat cottages, most of which accommodate sum- 
 mer boarders. The walk here, along the top of the high bank, commands 
 fine views. 
 
 We pass now, on the high land, on the right, near the central por- 
 tion of the island, the Methodist church, and the handsome brick school- 
 house built by the city, where a graded school is maintained. 
 
 We come ne.xt to Trefethen's boarding-house, pleasantly situated in 
 the midst of cultivated grounds. On the higher ground beyond is the 
 Oceanic House ; it is the largest house on the isUind, and has a retired 
 
98 
 
 POUTLAND AXD VICINITY. 
 
 location, with a commanding outlook. We pass now into the thick growth 
 of evergreens which covers tiie northeastern portion of the island, affording 
 
 Trefetnen 5 Landing, Peaks' Island. 
 
 many pleasant walks and sunny glades where one may enjoy all the charms 
 of solitude. Following the iiowly-graded road, we come upon the cam])- 
 ing-ground, where we find (]uite a village of tents, many of whicli are voy 
 comfortably furnislied. 
 
 At Evergreen Landing, which we have now reached, there are a re- 
 frcsliment-saloon and a bowling-alley, and many visit this point for tlie 
 
 wildncss of its scen- 
 ery and the seclus- 
 ion from the crowd 
 which its rocks and 
 <_rrovcs afford. The 
 lastcrn end of tlic 
 island, in its rough 
 and broken features, 
 ]H-esents a strong 
 contrast to the west- 
 I'rn end. Tl)ough it 
 lias not tlie elevation 
 * ' of While lUnd. il 
 
 ' ■ •- ' '■ ■' has a bold, rocky 
 
 shore, opposite wliich, and near at hand, lies Pumpkin Knob, a handful 
 of rocks covered witli an cvi'i-gn't'ii growth. Tlie dead s])ruces liere on 
 the top of the cliff are clad wiili moss, and look like greybeards of the 
 forest. Here tlie shore forms a sort of amjiliitheatre, on the high rocky 
 
rOUTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 99 
 
 walls of whicli are riulc seats where we may sit, and look out upon the 
 islands of the lower bay, while listeninij; to the music of the waves lapping 
 the shore far below. Standing u])on the barnacled rocks of the shore here, 
 it is grand to look up the storm-beaten walls of the cliff to the spruces 
 whicli overhang them, gray and weather-worn. 
 
 Circling around the cliff, through the fragrant bay berry bushes, where 
 the sea-pigeon flutters in the branches overhead, we come upon the outer 
 shore of the island, where the broad ocean opens to view, and the break- 
 ers beat upon the rocks. _ '^--^^3^=iT=_=^^s=.=s^ 
 Here the solitude is 
 broken only by the '•'■y 
 of some lone sea-bird, oi 
 the dash of the wo\es 
 upon the shore. We 
 pass a succession of 
 rocky coves, and sea- 
 walls — ramparts of 
 rounded stones throw n 
 up by the waves. Theie 
 is drift-wood on Ihe 
 shore, fragments of some 
 
 wreck, perhaps, borne The Outer shore of Peaks' Island. 
 
 by the waves from distant coasts. More than one vessel has been wrecked 
 on this rocky shore. In the great gale of the 8th of September, 18G9, the 
 schooner Helen Eliza, of Gloucester, Massachusetts, parted her cables and 
 was driven on to the ledge off the deep pond, in the darkness and the 
 storm. The crew took to the waves; but of the twelve men aboard, only 
 one, Charles Jordan, of Rockport, Mass., succeeded in reaching the shore, 
 — all the rest were drowned. The schooner was ground to pieces on the 
 rocks, and strewed in kindling-wood along the shore. Ten bodies were 
 recovered; that of the Captain, Edward Millett, of Rockport, Mass., drift- 
 ed out of the undertow and was borne through White Head Passage 
 around to the harbor side of the island, where it was found in a cove. 
 
 We are now opposite White Head, the high ]iromontory which forms 
 the eastern end of Cushing's Island. Here are two neat dwelling-houses, 
 pleasantly situated in the midst of gardens and green fields. A beach, shel- 
 tered by Cushing's Island, affords good sea-bathing. 
 
 Having comjjleted the circuit of the island, let us now strike across it, 
 pausing on the summit of the high ground, known as Battle Ridge, 
 to gaze upon the glorious scene which meets our vision. Looking east- 
 ward the broad Atlantic stretches out before us until it seems to meet 
 the sky, its blue waters dotted with white sails, while the long line of 
 smoke, which seems to rise out of the sea, indicates the p.assing steamer. 
 
100 PORTLAND AXD VICISITY. 
 
 Southward tbe bare, bold cliff of old White Head a])pears in sharp relief 
 against the heavy background of dark green forest trees, beyond wliich 
 the roof and cupola of the Ottawa House are visible. Glancing westward 
 the enlii-e harbor lies at our feet, filled with vessels, large and small, some 
 just coming in, others standing out to sea, while three or four passing 
 steamers help to give life and variety to the scene. The forts and the 
 light-houses, the numerous forest-crowned islands, the newly-mown fields 
 reaching down to the water's edge, all claim their share of attention ; 
 while in the distance rises the beautiful forest city, still meriting its old 
 and well-known title, though many of its noble trees were laid low in 
 the great contlagrulion. Its two hills, one at either extremity, its ship- 
 ping at the wharves, its numerous church-spires, and the gilded top of 
 the lantern surmounting the cupola of the City Building glistening in the 
 rays of the descending sun, make up a picture of surpassing beauty. Be- 
 yond all, away in the north, rises the great dome of Mount Washington, 
 — whose mighty form is never so sharply defined as at sunset, in niid- 
 suniiner, — its dark purple outlines presenting a strong contrast against 
 the crimson sky. When the sun has finally gone down in a sea of fire 
 behind the mountains, and we reluctantly begin to walk down the hill, 
 our eyes are still fixed on that distant, cloud-like summit, fascinated by 
 its strange, weird grandeur, as the shades of evening gather around it. 
 
 LONG ISLAND. 
 
 Long Island lies northeast of Peaks' Island, and is separated from it 
 by Ilussey's Sound. It continues the line of natural breakwaters which 
 enclose and protect Portland Harbor. In 17UG it was owned by the ubiq- 
 uitous John Smith, and on an old map of Casco Bay, published in London, 
 it is called Smith's Island. As its present name indicates it lias much 
 greater length than breadth, presenting a long line of shore to the inner 
 bay, while its outer coast is more broken and irregular in form. The 
 government charts make it the largest island belonging to Portland, giv- 
 ing it an area of nine hundred and twelve acres. According to the census 
 of 1880 it has two hundred and fifty-two inhabitants, of whom one hundred 
 and forty are males, and one hundred and twelve females. The men are 
 ensaged in fishing and farming, altprnating with the seasons, a custom very 
 common with the inhabitants along the New England sea-coast. As the 
 island has no marked features it ha8 been but little visited until within a 
 few years. A wharf has been thrown out near the western end, wliero the 
 steamer touches, and a bowling-saloon and ditiing-rooni afford recreation 
 and refreshment to visitors. A small liotel .iccomraodates a number of sum- 
 
 nuT bn;u'd('l'S, 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 101 
 
 LITTLE CHEBEAGUE. 
 
 Little Chebeague lies inside of Long Island, opposite its northeastern 
 point. It is connected with Great Chebeague by a sand-bar, dry at low 
 water. It comprises but one hundred acres, but has some attractive fea- 
 tures which make it a place of considerable resort. These are a charming 
 grove on its highest point, with a thicket of undergrowth near at hand ; a 
 spring of mineral water, a beach nearly a mile in length, and magnificent 
 views of the bay, and the city in the distance. 
 
 On leaving the wharf, at the landing, observe the bank composed 
 wholly of comminuted clam-shells, giving evidence that this was one of the 
 feasting-places of the Indians. A ramble along the beach looking toward 
 the mainland, and extending out to the bar connecting the island with Great 
 Chebeague, will be rewarded by the discovery of many curious forms of 
 marine life, not the least interesting of which are masses of the egg-cells of 
 the buccinum undatum, resembling an agglomeration of the hulls of corn, 
 for which they have been mistaken. 
 
 There is a hotel on the island, near the grove, called the Little Che- 
 beague House, which will accommodate about fifty boarders. The facilities 
 for fishing and sea-bathing are good, and to those seeking health, the island 
 offers pure air and a quiet retreat from the bustle of larger watering-places. 
 There are several summer cottages on the island, one of which is occupied 
 by Hon. Nathan Cleaves and Hon. H. B. Cleaves. 
 
 HARPS WELL. 
 
 About fourteen miles down the bay lies the long peninsula of Harpswell. 
 The town comprises several islands in addition, and is said to have more 
 sea-coast than any State on the Atlantic coast, except the State of Maine. 
 A small steamer makes two trips daily to this point in the pleasure season, 
 and semi-weekly trips during the rest of the year, starting from Custom 
 House wharf, and the passage, occupying about two hours, affords a wide 
 variety of beautiful land and water views. 
 
 Passing down the harbor we see, on the left, the ship-building village 
 of East Deering, and the Marine Hospital rising above the groves of Mar- 
 tin's Point. Leaving Fort Gorges on the right, we enter the passage be- 
 tween Peaks' Island and the Hog or Diamond Islands. On the western 
 end of Little Diamond there are stages for drying fish, and a few sum- 
 mer residences. Near the middle of the island we pass the light-house 
 station established by the United States government for the storage of 
 coal and buoys, and as the station of the steamer Iris, which supplies 
 fifty-two light houses, nearly all on the coast of Maine. The government 
 has purchased and fenced in four acres of land here, and erected a neat 
 cottage as a residence for the superintendent. The graunds have great 
 
102 roiriLAyij a.\d vicinity. 
 
 variety of surface, inchuliiig some beautiful nooks, and coninianrl a fine 
 view of the liai-bor and islands. It is the intention to clear u]i the un- 
 dergrowlli, carefully preserving the trees, and ornament the grounds with 
 flowers and climbing vines. The eastern end of the island has a wharf, 
 and is frequently resorted to by excursion parties; the city government 
 also occasionally takes its guests here and treats them to a clam-bake. 
 The island has a diversified surface and a forest growth, and is a favor- 
 ite resort nf parties camping out. 
 
 Coasting along the rocky wall of Great Diamond Island, crowned 
 with a heavy growth of firs, spruces, and oaks, we come in sight of the 
 bcautifi;! Diamond Cove which deeply indents its eastern end. This spot 
 was much resorted to by picnic parties in the days of sail-boat excursions, 
 but is now seldom visited. It may be easily reached by row-boat from 
 Evergreen Landinc:. 
 
 Crossing Ilussey's Sound we touch at Long Island, then steam across 
 to Little Chebeaguc, and taking a turn around the projecting ]ioint of 
 Great Chcbeague, stop at the landing on that island. Great Chebeague 
 belongs to the town of Cumberland. It is a large island of two thou- 
 sand acres, and has a considerable population, with churches and schools. 
 A hotel has been been built here for summer visitors. The view at this 
 point on a fine summer morning, when the sea is smooth and the sun is 
 shining, is very lovely. The islands here cluster thick, completely shut- 
 ting in the little harbor so that it resembles an iidand lake. Outside of 
 us lies IIoj)e Island, and outside of that. Crotch Island, and beyond that 
 again, Jewell's Island, — all beautiful islands, crowned with forest growth. 
 As we steam on we pass between Little Bangs' and Stave Island, and 
 cross Broad Sound, in the mouth of which lies Eagle Island, high and 
 densely wooded. We have been told that this island is the jiroperty of 
 two widows, who receive from government an annuity of sixty dollars to 
 keep the wood standing as a landmark for the vessels entering the sound. 
 The navigation here, owing to reefs and winding channels, is intricate and 
 dangerous, for which reason government has also erected a monument on 
 Mark Island. 
 
 Following the winding passages we enter Potts's Harbor, and land 
 on Ilarpswcll Neck. This long peninsula here narrows to a j)oint, with 
 deep water on either side. Just across the arm of the bay, to the east- 
 ward, lies Bailey's Island, one of the most beautiful in the bay, but sel- 
 dom visited. In line with it northward comes Orr's Island, the scene of 
 Mrs. Stowe's novel, "The Pearl of Orr's Island." These islands, indeed, 
 are rich in litei'ary associations. Ragged Island, which lies broad olT in 
 the bay, midway between Bailey's Island and Small Puinl Harbor, is sup- 
 posed to !«■ the "Elm Island" of Rev Elijah Kellogg's stories. Whittier 
 has ]n-eser\i(l a.legeiul of these isles, and tells in his vigorous verse the 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 103 
 
 story of " The Dead Ship of Harpswell," a spectre ship, which comes driv- 
 ing in as an omen of death, but never reaches land : 
 
 " In vain o'er Harpswell's Neck tlie star 
 
 Of evening guides lier in; 
 In vain for lier tlie lamps are lit 
 
 Within thy tower, Seguin! 
 In vain the harbor-boat shall hail, 
 
 In vain the pilot call; 
 No hand shall reef her spectral sail. 
 
 Or let her anchor fall." 
 
 There are two hotels on the Neck, the Merrieonoag House and the 
 Harpswell House, at which board may be obtained at reasonable rates. 
 Saloons and bowling-alleys offer refreshment and amusement to excursion 
 parties. The "Auburn Colony'' has a row of summer cottages here. Ample 
 facilities are offered for boating, and the summer heat is always tempered 
 by fresh sea-breezes. 
 
104 PORTLAND AND VICINITT. 
 
 DEIYES IN TEE YIGINITY. 
 
 Those who prefer (lrivin<^ to boating may turn from the islanrla and 
 enjoy jileasant excursions through tiic neighboring towns of Ca])e Eliza- 
 beth, Scarboro', Deering, and Falraoutli. There are many fine drives in 
 Cape Elizabeth, commanding views of the city and of the ocean. One 
 may sliirt along the shore, by the sounding sea, wliere the waves break 
 in spray upon the rocks, or may turn inland and drive through embow- 
 ered roads, among green fields and orchards. In Deering he may visit 
 Evergreen Cemetery, or the beautiful scenery on the sliores of the Pre- 
 sumpscot. Along Falmouth Foreside are charming views of tlie bay, en- 
 closed by its wooded islands. 
 
 Let us drive first through Cape Elizabeth and Scarboro' 
 
 TO PROTTT'S NECK. 
 
 This old-time pleasure-resort is something over fourteen miles distant 
 from the city by way of the Ocean Road, round the Cape. This was the 
 old road to Boston in the early days when the settlers crept along the sea- 
 shore, crossing the mouths of the rivers by ferries. Parson Smith, on his 
 trips to the metropolis of Xew England, crossed Portland Harbor by ferry 
 and rode on horseback along this shore road to Saco and Portsmouth, 
 where he lodged over night, reaching Boston the third day. There are 
 shorter routes to the Xeck than this, but no other commands so many 
 fine views of the ocean. 
 
 Crossing Portland Bridge we have a fine view of the harbor, with 
 the long line of wharves, the shipjiing, and the islands down the bay. 
 At the Cape Elizabeth end of the bridge are the premises of the Port- 
 land Dry Dock Comi>any, comprising an area of twenty-five acres, facing 
 the harbor. The comi)any was incorjioratcd in rebruary, 1SG8, and the 
 docks were formally 0]>cned in Sejjtcmber, 1SC9. There are two docks, 
 the larger one having the greatest draught of water pertaining to .nny 
 dock in the United States. It is 425 feet long, 100 feet wide, with a 
 depth of water on the gate-sill of 23 feet, at ordinary high tide. The 
 •lock would ])robably take in any vessel now afloat, exce])ting the Great 
 Eastern. Powerful ])um])s, capable of emptying the basin in about two 
 hours, arc worked by steam, in a building by its side. The gate fitting 
 the entrance to the dock is constructed in the form of a vessel, with bow 
 
FOBTLAyo AXV VICIMTY. 105 
 
 and stern shaped alike. It contains about two hundred tons of baUast, 
 besides compartments which may be filled with water. When the dock 
 is to be opened, water is let in through the openings in the gate till the 
 basin is filled; the water is pumped out of the compartments mentioned 
 above, till the gate floats out of the grooves in which its ends and bot- 
 tom are fixed ; the gate is then towed out of tlie way, and vessels enter. 
 The next operation is to tow the gate back into position over the grooves, 
 into which it fits, water-tight. When properly placed water is let into it 
 and it sinks at once, and the dock is closed. Then the pumps begin to 
 throw out the water from within the basin, in immense streams that as- 
 tonish those who witness it for the first time. The vessels sink upon 
 cradles placed for them, and are steadied, as the water leaves them, by 
 various mechanical appliances. These docks are built on the plan of the 
 Simpson patent, and cost about $250,000. 
 
 At the end of the bridge, on the right, is a point of land where in 
 the summer may often be seen a number of tents or shanties, occupied 
 by Penobscot Indians. For many years they have annually visited this 
 spot, and made it the headquarters of their trade in baskets. Formerly 
 the place was quite isolated, but of late years the dwellings of the white 
 man have crowded nearer to the shore, until now but a narrow space is 
 left these descendcnts of the original proprietors of the soil. Whether 
 they have any traditional right to an occupancy here we are unable to 
 say; but the spot is one of those pleasant points of land on the seashore 
 to which the Indians were accustomed to resort in the days of their su- 
 premacy. A band of these Indians now encamps each season on Peaks' 
 Island, where they make sale of their basket-work to visitors. There has 
 been among them so large an intermixture with the French Canadians 
 that many of them are now quite bleached out, and have little of the 
 Indian about them except the clinging to a wandering and vagabond life. 
 
 We are now in the village of Knightville. Here, on the Cape Eliza- 
 beth shore, some thirty or more yeans ago, George Knight, a ship- 
 builder, built him a house and set up a ship-yard. At that time the land 
 lay vacant; but a thriving village, with its shops, its neat brick school- 
 house, and its church, has gradually grown up around the original man- 
 sion of Mr. Knight, and now numbers several hundred inhabitants. Ship 
 building continues to be its jirincipal industry. 
 
 Taking the left-liand road at the school-house, as we leave the vil- 
 lage, we soon find ourselves climbing meeting-house hill, the summit of 
 which commands a fine view of the city rising on the opposite shore. 
 Here is the North (Congregational) meeting-house, with graveyard adjoining. 
 
 Still bearing to the left we strike into the road which skirts the shore 
 bordering on the entrance to the harbor, and come in view of the islands 
 in the bay. If we turn aside down a cross road, a shoit way, we shall 
 
106 
 
 PORTLAyn ASD VJCIXITY. 
 
 come upon a fislierraen's village, quite by itself on the seashore, with its 
 boats and nets, and lish-houses on the beach. Cushing's Island lies just 
 opposite, and there is a fine view liere of passing shipping, and of the 
 outer islands. 
 
 Returning to the main road and driving on about a niile, with the 
 
 sea constantly in 
 view, we pass, on 
 the left, the sum- 
 mer cottage of 
 Phillip II. Brown, 
 Esq. Situated in 
 the midst of well- 
 kept grounds, on 
 ^£ the edge of the 
 cliff, it commands 
 a fine view of the 
 ocean and of the 
 vessels passing in 
 or out of the liar- 
 bor. 
 
 Glen Cove.— Summer Residence of Phiihp H. Btown. Not far bcVOnd 
 
 we pass the entrance to Cajie Cottage, a seaside hotel, built by John Neal, 
 and for many years occu])ied as a place of summer resort. Adjoining it 
 is the mansion of the late Colonel John Goddard, built of the native gray 
 rock, and perched, like an old-time castle, on the top of the cliff, looking 
 seaward. 
 
 The road here winds ])lcasantlv through a little green dell, and ]>re- 
 sently comes out on the roadway leading to the new battery on Portland 
 Head. This jioint is at the entrance to the ship-channel, along the shore 
 of which we have been driving, and looks hroad off to the ocean. The 
 battery, not yet completed, consists of • a scries of earthworks wlii^h will 
 cover by its guns all the njiproaclies to the main channel leading into the 
 harbor, and will prevent Ijy its fire an enemy's fleet from taking up, un- 
 opposed, a position l)ehind Cushing's Island, from « liich to bombard Port- 
 land or shell the shipjiing in the harbor. 
 
 Close at liand, on the .angle of the shore made by the ship-cliannel 
 with the mainland, stands Portland Light. This was the first light-house 
 erected on this coast. It was completed and first lighted January 10th, 
 1701. It is a fixed light, one hundred and one feet above the sea level, 
 and visible in cle;ir weather seventeen miles. Here is also a fog-trumpet, 
 which in thick weather utters its loud wai'iiing notes to vessels approach- 
 ing the land. Thel-e is a deep chasm in tiie cliff, just beyond the light- 
 house, caused by the weiiring away of a seam of trap-rock, into which 
 the sea flows, leaving it dry at low tide. 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 107 
 
 In a storm the waves break here magnificently, throwing their spray 
 at times as high as the light-house. This is a grand exhibition which Port^ 
 landers enjoy gratis, though not without peril. After a heavy gale parties 
 frequently drive out to the Light to see the waves dash upon the sliore. 
 A few years since two hackmen, who had driven parties here, ventured 
 too far out u]H)n the rocks, when a great wave leaped up and swept them 
 off, and their manirled remains were only recovered, wedded in amon<'- 
 the rocks, some days later. 
 
 The shore here, which trends away to the southwest, is bold and 
 rocky, deeply worn by the beating waves which roll in from the Atlan- 
 tic. In a storm the roar of the angry sea is lieard long before its white 
 
 Poftland Light. 
 
 caps come in sight ; the wind shrieks and bellows as though it were the 
 mingled voices of ten thousand infuriated demons bent on tearing the 
 ocean from its bed by its long white hair, flying in the gale; the long 
 line of rocky shore is white witli creamy foam and flying spray ; the bil- 
 lows run high on the broad bosom of the ocean, and break over every 
 half-submerged reef and ledge ; far out on the Green Islands they are 
 madly tumbling on the rocks; Ram Island Ledge is a line of leaping, 
 foam-white water; Trundy's Reef, where the Bohemian met her fate, 
 shows white above the surf, like the hungry teeth of some sea-monster; 
 while beyond, the waves dashing on Broad Cove Ledge leap high in air, 
 gi-eat volumes of se.a-foam, looking in the distance like angry sjiirits of 
 the ocean striving to escape from its depths. Along the shore it is churn. 
 
lo.s 
 
 I'OnTLAXI) AND VICIXITY. 
 
 churn, churn among the rocks; leap, leap, leap against the cliffs, as if so 
 
 many foaming monsters were rushing 
 from the sea upon the land, wliile the 
 swirl and swash of llie breakers in the 
 chasms of the rocky wall end in spout- 
 ing horns that throw their spray far over 
 the shore. 
 
 A short distance beyond the light- 
 house, on the outer shore, stands the pic- 
 turesque cottage of S. B. Beckett, Esq., 
 built of the native rock, with a lofty, 
 massive lower, commanding a wide view 
 iL_ seaward. Here, on a calm summer af- 
 ternoon, the scene is in strong contrast 
 to that we have juat described. The 
 ocean gently laps the rough ledges at 
 the base of the cliff; its bosom is dot- 
 ted with the sails of passing vessels, with 
 here and there tlie smoke of a steamer 
 on the hbrizon, while at niglitfall the 
 great lanterns of the light-houses gleam 
 
 Two-Lights, from the Mainland. 
 
 out ill the distance. Just beyond this point we pass Pond Cove, where 
 the sea breaks almost into the road, and a ride of a few miles brings us 
 
 Octan House, Cape Elizabeth Coast. 
 
 to the road leading off on the left to the Ca 
 
 Lights, known as the Two-Lights. Here are tv 
 
 iron light-houses, fifty-four feet high, one hundn 
 
 and seventy-two feet above the level of the sea, 
 
 built in \X~-i to replace tlie ol<l towers at a cost 
 
 of |i30,0(M). l-'ivc Iniiidrcd sail of vessels liave been counted at one time 
 
 in view from the suiiiinils of tlicse llLthls. Near at hand is the cove where 
 
POUrLAXD AND VICINITY. 
 
 109 
 
 the steamship Bohemian, of the Allan Line of Liverpool steamers, came 
 ashore some years since, and her cargo was strewn upon the beach, caus- 
 ing a novel scene of wreckage, the inhabitants turning out by hundreds 
 to share in the spoil. This is a favorite point for picnic parties, who 
 feast on cunners caught from the shore. 
 
 A short drive brings us to the Ocean House. This hotel, kept for 
 many years by J. P. Chamberlin, is admirably situated for all the pur- 
 poses of life by the seaside. The shore here is so fanned by the ocean 
 breezes that the atmosphere is cool in the hottest summer day. There is 
 an excellent beach at hand, with facilities for batliinsi, while the sea view 
 
 Bird Shooting on the Spurwink. 
 
 is unsurpassed. The house will accommodate from one hundred and thirty 
 to one hundred and fifty boarders, and is always full in the season. It 
 has long been a favorite resort of gentlemen from Canada, who come here 
 with their families to enjoy the benefits of sea-bathing, in which they have 
 great faith. The house is also largely patronized by Americans, and is 
 well kept. The present proprietor is Mr. T. Wolcott. 
 
 Driving on a few miles we cross the Spurwink River, winding through 
 its marshes, and turn down a road, on the left, to the Spurwink House, 
 a sort of sportsmen's lodge, where gunners resort in the season to shoot 
 coots, plovers, and other sea^fowl. Good fishing is also to be had here. 
 The house is situated on the bank of the river, in a pleasant spot. 
 
110 
 
 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 A short distance from tliis point we drive down a farm-road, tlirough 
 a farm-yard, to Iligjiiiis's Beacli, at tlie mouth of llie Spurwink. It was 
 near this spot that our first settlers, George Cleeves and llichard Tucker, 
 first established tliemselves in 1G30, but were driven off by John Winter, 
 the agent of the i)atentees, and subsequently settled on tlie Neck, now 
 Portland. Here is a iine beach, with the surf rolling in magiiilicently. 
 The spot is secluded and beautiful, and affords a fine site for summer 
 cottages. 
 
 The next jioints of interest are the Scarboro' Beaches, where are sit- 
 uated the Atlantic House and the Kirkwood House. The one entrance 
 
 Scene. — A Sleighride to Scarboro' Beach. 
 
 which leads to both these houses is througli a fine evergreen grove, largely 
 composed of grand old pines. Turning to the left, wliere the road divides, 
 we soon reach the Kirkwood House, kept as a summer resort by Mr. Otis 
 Kaler. This house will accommodate about one hundred guests. The rooms 
 in the main liouse are unusually s])acious ; and the eu])ola conmiands wide 
 views of the se.i, also of Ilichmond's Islaml, OKI Orcliard, and the "White 
 IMouutains. It has a detached building, in which arc many of tlie slee])iTig- 
 rooms, with a large liall for amusements. Surf-bathing may be enjoyed on 
 the beach in front of the liouse. The house has always been kept by expe- 
 rienced landlords, and is a favorite with many reg\ilar visitors to the sea- 
 side. It has in j)ast years, when kept open in the winter, been a resort of 
 sleighing-jjarties from Portland. 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 Ill 
 
 The riglit-hand roati carries the visitor to the Atlantic House, a favor- 
 ite hotel, 
 long kept 
 by Mr. S. 
 B. Gunni- 
 son. It will 
 accommo- 
 date from 
 seventy- 
 five to one 
 hundred 
 boarders, 
 and is al- 
 ways full 
 in the sea- 
 son. It has 
 a splendid 
 
 beach, with fine facilities for sea-bathing, and having also a pine grove of 
 twenty acres, with beautiful walks, it combines the attractions of the sea- 
 
 Atlantic House. Scarboro' Beach. 
 
 shore and the country. The Atlantic House is 20 rods fi-oni the beach. The 
 remains of an old fort are found here, dating from the times of Indian war- 
 
112 
 
 poHTLAyn A.w viciNirr. 
 
 fare. Many visitors return here season after season, and are much attached 
 to the house and its popuhir hmdlord. 
 
 One mile farther brings us to that ancient summer-resort known as 
 Prout's Neck. We are now on historic ground, this having been the point 
 earliest settled in the town of Scarboro'. As early as 1633 Thomas Cam- 
 mock, the first proprietor, liad a house here, the cellar of which is still 
 pointed out, as is also the site of the garrison where, in 1703, eight men 
 drove off a besieging force of five hundred French and Indians. 
 
 The Neck forms a peninsula, with the ocean on one side and a broad 
 estuary on the other, on the opposite shore of which lies Old Orchard 
 Beach, witli its many hotels, in full view. For many years this Neck 
 
 Pfout's Neck. 
 
 has been a favorite resort of picnic i)arties from Portland, Saco, Scar- 
 boro', Gorham, and other towns. It was long the jirojierty of the late 
 Thomas Libby, whose family accommodated transient visitors by cooking tlie 
 fish caught by them off the rocks. There are now several boarding-houses 
 here for the accommodation of summer visitors, which are always well ])at- 
 ronized in the season. A number of summer cottages have also been built 
 on the Neck. 
 
 There is a fine sea-beach on the Neck ; also a bold, rocky shore, com- 
 manding wide ocean views. The shore is much resorted Xo by gunners, 
 for the shooting of sea-fowl, which are often seen floating in large Hocks 
 on the surface of the sea. Scarboro' is famous for its marshes. The In- 
 dian name was Owascoag, or "place of n\uch grass," to which these ex- 
 tensive marshes fairly entitle it. 
 
POETLAXD AND VICINITY. 
 
 113 
 
 ALONG FALMOUTH FORESIDE. 
 
 One of the most attractive drives in the vicinity of the city is through 
 Falmouth, along the shore of the bay. Passing through Washington street, 
 with Munjoy's Hill on oue hand and Back Cove on the other, (of which 
 latter, and the opposite shore of Deering, it gives a comtnanding view), 
 and crossing Tukey's Bridge, which spans the entrance to the cove, we 
 enter the village of East Deering. Ship-building is the principal industry 
 here, and a prosperous village, with a neat hall, lias sprung up within a 
 few years past. 
 
 Turning to the right soon after crossing the bridge we drive through 
 the ]irinci|>al street 
 of the village, lined 
 with neat dwelling- 
 houses, and present- 
 ly come in sight of 
 the United States 
 Marine Hospital, sit- 
 uated on Martin's 
 Point, at the mouth 
 of the Presumpscot, 
 — here a wide estu- 
 ary, opening to the 
 sea. The hospital 
 is a finely propor- 
 tioned edifice, built 
 of brick, and stands 
 on an elevated site, 
 overlooking the city, 
 the bay with its is- 
 lands, and the open 
 
 sea in the di>tance. UmteO states Manne Hospital 
 
 It is a healthful and attractive spot, and the extensive grounds afford 
 ample space for out-of-door recreation. 
 
 Crossing Martin's Point Bridge, which spans the Presumpscot and 
 commands a beautiful view of the bay, we climb the hill and enter tlie 
 road which skirts the "Foreside" of Falmouth. The spot we liave now 
 reached is one of the three points on which the earliest settlements were 
 made within the territory of ancient Falmoutli. While Winter was ])ur- 
 suing liis commercial s])eeulations on the S])urwink, and Cleeves and Tucker 
 were laying the foundations of a settlement on the Neck, Arthur Mack- 
 worth was making for himself a home on this point. With the island 
 
114 
 
 POBTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 opposite, it afterwards bore his name ; now corrupted, as applied to the 
 island, into Mackay. Mackwortli was in possession here as early as 1632. 
 He had a grant of five hundred acres from Sir Ferdinando Gorges, and ' 
 was one of the most respectable of the early settlers, serving as a magis- 
 trate for many years. 
 
 The road here runs for miles along the shore, which has many ]iic- 
 turesque features. The seaward view is in wide contrast to that from 
 the Ocean Koad on the C:ipe. There the broad Atlantic rolls in and 
 breaks upon the shore; here the calm waters of Casco Bay, sheltered by 
 the long line of outlying islands, smile in the sunshine, ajijiarently as se- 
 
 A Farm Scene in East Deering. 
 
 cure from the ocean's turbulence as an inland lake. Off the Point lies 
 Mackay's Island; just beyond are the Two Brothers; and still farther 
 out, clapboard Island, now unhappily denuded of its forest growth, lying 
 low on the surface of the water, like a dismasted wreck. 
 
 Turniii"' down a loail on the right we enter a projection of tlie coast, 
 makiuii out into the li:iy, on the shore of which diaries W. Goddard, 
 Esq., Postmaster of Portland, has an elegant summer residence, .lust 
 across a little cove, on a narrow )ioint of land, is Thondiurst Farm, the 
 summer resitlence of (ieneral John M. Brown. This is a stock-farm, witli 
 s])aciou8 barns and out-l)uil<rmgs, the General being eng:'ge<l in the breed- 
 
POBTLAXB A.\D VlilMI Y. 
 
 115 
 
 ing of fine stock. A few years ngo lie found this point of land a rocky 
 pasture, but has now made it a beautiful spot. Its natural attractions 
 ai-e very great, being an elevated neck of land between two pretty coves, 
 the shore fringed with trees, and looking out upon the calm waters of 
 the bay. On a reef a short distance from the shore the seals have their 
 breeding-ground, being undisturbed in this quiet spot. 
 
 This projection of the shore, on which arc situated these two sum- 
 mer residences, is a point of historic interest. There is little now in its 
 solitude and seclusion to remind one that it has been the site of a con- 
 siderable settlement; the scene of peaceful conferences with the Indians; 
 
 view on the Presumpscot. 
 
 of their savage attack, and the stout defence of the white man. Yet this 
 is New Casco, a settlement of much importance in the history of ancient 
 Falmouth. After the peace of 1698 a fort was erected here in 1700, as 
 a trading-post to accommodate the Indians, in pursuance of the late treaty. 
 The settlement on the Neck, where Portland now stands, then known as 
 Casco, had been destroyed in 1690, and was now desolate. The settle- 
 ment here was call New Casco, to distinguish it from the Neck, where 
 Fort Loyal had stood, which was then called Old Casco. In 1703 Gov- 
 ernor Dudley held a conference with the Indians at the Fort here, to 
 which came, well armed and gaily painted, the chiefs of the Norridge- 
 wock, Penobscot, Penacook, Ameriscoggin, and Pcquakett tribes ; those 
 
110 POLTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 of the Amei-iscoggin tribe were accompanied by about two huiiflred and 
 fifty warriors in sixty-five canoes. The Indians jirofcssed the most peace- 
 ful intentions, and celebrated tlie occasion with singing, dancing, and loud 
 acclamations of joy; yet within two months "the whole eastern country 
 was in a conflagration, no Jiouse standing or garrison unattackeil." 
 
 The fort here at New Casco became the central point of defense for 
 all the settlements uj)on Casco Bay, and the center of the scattered pojm- 
 lation of Falmouth. In 1708 the fort was attacked by five hundred Frencli 
 and Indians, and was on the i)oint of being cajjtured, when it was reliev- 
 ed by the arrival of a province armed vessel, which shattered the enemy's 
 navy of two hundred canoes, and coni])elled the Iiulians to ni;ike a hnsly 
 retreat. The fort was occupied through the war, wliich continued uiilil 
 1713. It was demolished by order of the Government of Massachusetts 
 in 171G. 
 
 IJeturning to the main road, a short distance beyond New Casco we 
 pass the head of Mill Creek, where a mill was established for a Inindred 
 and forty years. Pause liere and admire the beauty of the sjiot, where 
 the cliff, clothed with evergreens, overhangs the still water of the jiool. 
 
 Driving on, past old farm-houses, with their big, square chimneys, al- 
 ways keeping the bay and the islands in sight, we come to a rocky hill, 
 from the summit of which may be obtained a magnificent view of tlie 
 bay, looking off towards Cousins Island and Broad Sound. It seems more 
 like a Scotch lake than a jiart of the wide ocean. Inland the eye sweejis 
 over a wide extent of cultivated country, jjresenting a beautiful landse:i]ie. 
 
 One may drive for miles farther along this shore, under the sli;:de oi 
 old elms, and past many beautiful spots well suited for summer residences. 
 
 TO EVERGREEN CEMETERY .\M) I'RIDE'S BRIDGE. 
 
 Turning now from the se.-ishoi-e, let us drive inland, amid mure rural 
 scenes. We may take the horse-cars in Market S(iuare for a trip to Ever- 
 green Cemetery, or drive out over the Deering road. Passing down Green 
 street M'e come to Deering's Bridge, which spans tlie creek running i']) from 
 Back Cove, now partially filled in, forming a driveway to the new Park, 
 formerly known as Deering's Oaks. On the right is the cove, with JMunjoy 
 forming the opposite shore. Kennebec street comes in here at tip; Portlantl 
 end of the bridge, running along on the made-!aiid on the shore of the cove. 
 
 Ini[irovements have already been made in the new Park, which li.is 
 come into the possession of the city through the generosity of the Deering 
 heirs, and idtimately it will become a very attractive spot, as it his long 
 been a favorite resort of Portland boys. It is covei-ed with grand old o.ik<, 
 affording charming walks. The shore of Uaek Cove, extending from this 
 point ariiund to Tnkey's Bridge, is capable of great improvements. Were 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 117 
 
 f*-. 
 
 the ^ iteis of tlie co\e diiiiimd in at the 
 briilge, with lidegites, nllowitin; the flood 
 tide to fill the cove, and retnining enough 
 water at ebb tide to cover the flats, and 
 
 The Deerrng Mansion 
 
 a boulevard constructed around tlie shore of the cove, the land on the inner 
 
118 
 
 foirri.ASD A.\I> VKIMTY. 
 
 side laid out in building lots, and the outer side kept ojien to afford a view 
 of tlic cove, and the city beyond, the whole shore would ultinnUi'ly be lined 
 willi fine residences. The cove now has a C()n>idei';ible coniinerce, several 
 hnnibed vessels entering it during the year, through the drawer in Tukey's 
 bridge. Were the water retained by a dam, the cove would become the 
 scene of aquatic sports. It i.s evident at a glance that its shores offer great 
 opportunities for magnificent inijirovemeiits, while the neighboring heights, 
 commanding fine views, afford sites for elegant and imposing residences. 
 Time, and a denser popnlatinn, will ]iroduce great changes hero, convert- 
 ing the solitary 
 shore and un- 
 fragrant flats 
 into a scene of 
 beauty. 
 
 After cross- 
 ing the bridge 
 we observe the 
 road on the left 
 w h i c h r u n s 
 ])ast the man- 
 sion of the late 
 James Deeiing, 
 Esq. Siliiate<l 
 i n a retire d 
 nook, in tlie 
 midst of green 
 fields and orch- 
 ards, and sur- 
 j-ounded with 
 graceful elms, 
 this ol(l-t itne 
 niansiun has an 
 air of quiet ami 
 
 repose, of mellowed oKl age and peaceful beauty, that charms every be- 
 holder. The old iiaks tiiat linger in these broa<l fields have witnessed the 
 events of two hundii'd years, and couhl toll of the great fight in whi<-h 
 3Iajor Church \\liip])ed the Indians, and saved the little village from 
 slaughter. The land is now inqiroved as a hay-farm, with many b;irns 
 scattered over its liihls. In the month of .June, when the grass is green 
 and dotted with golilen dandelions, and the elms arc in the freshness of 
 their foliage, these fiehls present a charming picture of rural beauty 
 
 Just beyond the Deeriiig Jlansion, in a secluded corner of the city, 
 which here meets the Deering line, are several fine residences, of which 
 wc select for illustration the jiicturesque cottage of .1. S. raliner, Esq. 
 
 Resid' 
 
I'ORTLAM) AyV VICiyiTY. 
 
 119 
 
 Continuing on the main road we pass through the little village at 
 the "Point," where is situated the extensive establishment of the Port- 
 land Stone Ware Company, for the manufacture of drain-pipe, vases, and 
 stoneware. The company have a wharf on the shore of the cove, and 
 ship their goods directly from the manufactory. 
 
 Driving on through tlie Deering lands, lying unimproved on either 
 hand, and dotted with old oaks and walnuts, which every autumn attract 
 the assaults of schoolboys, eager to gather the crops of nuts and acorns, 
 we come to the residence of William E. Gould, Esq., situated behind its 
 grove of oaks and maples, on the shore of the cove. This is an elegant 
 and costly mansion, with improved grounds, retired from the road. 
 
 Adjoining 
 this estate is that 
 of J. S. Ricker, 
 Esq., with gar- 
 den and orchard 
 extending to the 
 shore of the cove. 
 The mansion is 
 finely situated in 
 the midst of orna- 
 mented grounds. 
 Next we come 
 to the residence l-i 
 of Ca])tain J. B. 
 Coyle, the Nes- 
 tor of steamboat 
 navigation in our 
 waters. This 
 mansion, situated 
 
 in the midst of Residence of Joseph S. Ricker. 
 
 extensive grounds, well deserves to be styled palatial. The brick house, 
 under the elms, on the opposite side of the road, is the residence of H. 
 Q. Wheeler, Esq. On the summit of the commanding elevation beyond 
 is the home of John M. Adams, Esq., editor of the Eastern Argus. Next 
 to the estate of Captain Coyle are the extensive grounds of Warren Spar- 
 row, Esq., on which he has a neat cottage residence. 
 
 As we enter the village of Woodford's Corner we p.ass the residence 
 of the late Samuel Jordan, Esq., long resident here, and formerly Postmas- 
 ter of Portland. 
 
 The village is entirely surrounded by railroad tracks, the Maine Cen- 
 tral running on one side, and the Portland and Rochester on the other, 
 and both crossing the main street, while the track of the horse-cars run 
 
120 
 
 I'OIiTLAND AMJ VKJiylTY. 
 
 Restdence 
 
 bell 
 tlio 
 
 in the tower presented by 
 
 Jlisscs Decrinc;, for whose farailv the new town was 
 
 through it. The 
 "Corner" itself, 
 being cut up in 
 this way, and 
 built without 
 much regard to 
 regularity, does 
 not present .1 
 very attractive 
 .•i])])earance, but 
 there are many 
 very ])leasaiit 
 locations on the 
 streets leading 
 off from it on 
 either hand. On 
 Spring street, 
 which runs up 
 the higher land, 
 on the left, is a 
 very handsome 
 Congregational 
 church with a 
 named wlu'n it. 
 
 Covo Cottage. — Former Residence of Dr. Tewksbury. 
 
 was set off from Wcstbrocik a few years since. On Ocean street, which 
 
POBTLAXD AND VICINITY. 
 
 121 
 
 turns off around the 
 cove on the right, is 
 a well-proportioneil 
 and substantial brick 
 sciiool-house, of two 
 stories, in wliicli arc 
 maintained graded 
 scliools. Woodford's 
 Corner is the most 
 rapidly growing su- 
 burb of Portland. 
 Since the fire of '66 
 many new streets 
 have been laid out 
 up the high land, on 
 the one hand, and 
 down the slope to- 
 wards the cove, on 
 the other, and have 
 been extensively 5 
 built upon. The £ 
 population has lai-g- = 
 ely increased, and ° 
 the ready access to 3 
 the city furnished 
 by the horse-rail- 
 road, and the pleas- 
 ant 'lay of the land,' 
 commanding fine 
 views of the city 
 and the bay, must 
 continue to attract 
 here a desirable 
 class of residents. 
 
 Following Ocean 
 street, along a road 
 lined with elms, and 
 where, through the 
 sweeping away of 
 roadside fences, the 
 cultivated fields bor- 
 der close upon the 
 sidewalk, we come 
 
122 
 
 POSTLAXD AXD VICIXITY. 
 
 to llie residence of the late Dr. S. II. Tewksbury. Thu view from this point, 
 — of the city, rising on the peninsiil.i across the cove, with its church- 
 s]>ires and tlie dome of City Hall, — is one of great Ijcaiity. This road 
 has many attractions as a quiet clrive amid rural scenes, with the city 
 always in full view. One may ilrive on, ]iast Graves's Hill, from the toji 
 of which a more extended ))ros|)ect ]iresents itself to the eye, and return 
 to Portland over Tukey's Bridge. 
 
 Continuing on our way througli Woodford's Corner, we ]>ass the sta- 
 tion of the Maine Central Railroad, where ])assengers may leave the train 
 and enter tlie city hy the liorse-cars, thus saving the long distance down 
 
 town from the 
 station in the 
 city. Many aLso 
 jjrefer to take 
 the trains going 
 eastward here, 
 coming out on 
 the horse-cars 
 from the city. 
 
 Following 
 the track of the 
 horse-railroad 
 we turn into 
 Pleasant street, 
 near llie Maine 
 Central station. 
 This is a hand- 
 some avenue, 
 lialf a nule in 
 length, lined 
 with gardens 
 and a number 
 — of fine residen- 
 
 tntrnnce to Evergreen Cemetery. CCS, At US neatl, 
 
 a little to the left, is the Prcsumpscot Trotting Park. Here is an excel- 
 lent hall'-inile track, with extensive grounds, enclosed hy a high fence. All 
 the aii]>ointinents of the Park, as a race-track, are first-class. There are 
 covered scats for spectators, with a restaurant at hand, and extensive ac- 
 commodations for horses. Trolling matches take )>lace licre in the season, 
 di-awing large crowds of spectators from the city. The Maine State Ag- 
 ri<-ullural Fair was also held here for a term of three years from IST.'), and 
 there are within llie grounds every accommod.-ition for watering and .shel- 
 tering stock, and ;:lso a l.;vge Iwo-^lnry huilding foi- ihe display of agri- 
 
rOHTLAXD A.XJ) VICINITY. 
 
 l-2:j 
 
 cultural implements. At the lie:iil <if Pleasant street stands the handsome 
 building i)f the Deering High School. 
 
 Pursuing our way to Evergreen Cemetery, we turn to the right, 
 at the head of Pleasant street, and drive along the road over Stevens' 
 Plains. It extends for a mile or more over a level, sandy surface, lined 
 in ])art by umbrageous elms and maples, beneath which nestle the old- 
 time mansions, mingled with more pretentious residences. Among the 
 more noticable dwellings here are the twin houses of Messrs. Grenville 
 M. and Frank G. Stevens, and the residence of Ilufus Dunham, Esq. 
 
 On the right is a tract of woodland, nearly half a mile square, in 
 the center of which the late F. O. J. Smith had his "Forest Home." The 
 mansion lies secluded fruni the road, in this shady English-])ark-like estate, 
 now the pro])erty of James V. Baxter, Esq. 
 
 These plains were formerly the scene of "General Musters," where 
 the 'old militia' 
 disported them- 
 selves in gor- 
 geous uniforms, 
 and engaged in 
 sham fights in- 
 volving a great 
 waste of gun- 
 fiowdcr, though 
 no loss of blood. 
 This brings us 
 to the entrance 
 of Evergreen 
 Cemetery, situ- 
 ated about two 
 and a half miles 
 from the city. 
 As long ago as 
 1851 it was felt 
 
 that the citV ^^^ Tombs. Evergreen Cumetery. 
 
 had outgrown the two narrow graveyards within its limits, and the mod- 
 ern taste for ornament, beauty, and refinement in the last resting-]jlace of 
 the dead demanded a larger and more secluded cemetery. Accordingly 
 in 185'2, largely through the instrumentality of our fellow citizen, S. B. 
 Beckett, Esq., who selected this beautiful spot, a tract of fifty-five acres, 
 covered with a various growth, but chiefly evergreen, and of sufficient di- 
 versity of surface, was purchased by the city and laid out under the a])- 
 propriate name of Evergreen Cemetery. By subsequent purchases of sur- 
 rounding territoi-y it now comprises a little more than two hundred and 
 
124 
 
 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 eight acres. A considerable ])orlii>!i of tlio inorp recent jnircliases is still 
 iiniiiij)rovo(l. Lots of about tiftceu hy fifteen feet in the older ]iortion of 
 the ground are sold to citizens at twenty dollars each, while similar lots 
 in the new irround are held at fiftv dollars. The cenieterv is iti charge 
 
 A View In Evergreen Cemetery. 
 
 of a commission of three trustees, with a resident suiierintendent. The lat- 
 ter oflicc has for some time been filled by Mr. Patrick Duffey, to who<o gooil 
 taste many of the im]iroveMients are due. Since 18G0 the income ami 
 ex])end tares have been neaily l>U),000 |ier year, ujion an average. 
 
 The entrance is tliroiich an .•ivcinic bordered with shade trees and 
 arbor vit:p hedges. On the right, as you enter the grounds, is the large 
 receiving-tomb, a turf-covered mound, with granite front. In the same 
 dircclion, farther on, is the little Westbrook Cemetery, — the bound.ary 
 marked only by vine-covered iron arches. Just beyond this enclosure, 
 near the boundary-line of the cemetery, is the most costly and elegant 
 monument in the grounds, tiiat of the late Samuel Rumery; it is of Ital- 
 ian marble, and is designed with great artistic taste and executed with 
 much skill. Not far from this point, in a westerly direction, is the monu- 
 ment of the historian of Portland, the late Ilnii. William Willis; .and still 
 
POllTLAXD AM) VJCjyiU Y. 
 
 125 
 
 ■?,yoC^w\V !„\S^>S. 
 
 Views in Evergreen Cemetery. 
 
V2G POUTLAND AXD VICIXITY. ', 
 
 farther on in the same general direction, down the slope, lies our late la- 
 niented Senator, the Hon. William Pit I Fessenilen. Tlie ra]>i(l descent of 
 the land, at a point a little beyond tliis, affords opportunity for a line of 
 tombs with massive granite fronts, the tops of which, on a level with the 
 ii]jper walks, are grass-covered plots. 
 
 Below the tombs, some distance down the slope, are the ponds, bor- 
 dered with seats, sjianned with rustic bridges, the shore adorned with 
 rustic arches and arbors. On the surface of the ponds float swans and 
 ducks, the feeding of which is a delight to children. 
 
 On the left of the entrance is Evergreen Circle, a ring of lots neatly 
 laid out, with a circular enclosure in the center. The prevailing style of 
 enclosure is simply a granite base, with turf-covered mound. There are 
 many elegant monuments in the grounds, and corner-lots are devoted to 
 flowers and shrubbery. Some of the walks wander beneath dark shadows 
 of evergreens into secluded spots, where the thoughtful mind may muse 
 on the transitory nature of earthly life; and others lie out in the broad 
 sunshine, where may be seen the distant mountains pointing like faith 
 to the skies. One may wander long through these by-paths, attracted 
 by the decor.itions and the flowers which affection has lavished on the 
 dead, as well as by the shrubbery, and the noble old trees lifting their 
 heads high up into the blue air, and affording homes to the song-birds 
 which build among their branches — a life soaring above death. 
 
 The beauty of these grounds, where the harmonies of art are blend- 
 ed with the wildness of nature, sheds the radiance of a heavenly light 
 u]K)n the gloom of death. Thousands come here — particularly on Sun- 
 days — for a quiet walk among the blended beauties of nature and art, 
 where all the associations are conducive to meditative thought. 
 
 In addition to Evergreen Cemetery Portland has four other burying- 
 grounds. Of Eastern Cemetery, the oldest of all, we have already given 
 some account. Western Cemetery, lying on the slope of Bramhall's Hill, 
 within the limits of the city, comprises about fifteen acres, and was laid 
 out in 1829. One of the most conspicuous monuments here is that to 
 Chief Justice Prentiss IMcllen, erected in 1850 by the Bar of the State. 
 In 1858 sixty acres were purchased in Cape Elizabeth, near Vaughan's 
 Bridge, about a mile and a half from the center of the city, and laid out 
 as "Forest City Cemetery." It affords cheaper accommodations for tlie 
 dead than Evergreen Cemetery. "Mount Calvary Cemetery," comjirising 
 six acres, in a secluded spot in Cape Elizabeth, about two miles from the 
 center of the city, is the last rcsting-i)lace of the Catholics. It lias a neat 
 cha|)el, and was consecrated by Bishop Bacon to the burial of persons be- 
 longing to his communion. 
 
 The village of Stevens' Plains, with its broad, level streets, and side- 
 walks shaded with umbrageous maples and elms, has a cjuiet and rural 
 
PORTLAND AND VIVINITY. 
 
 127 
 
128 
 
 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 beautv. Its cliief onKinieiit is tin' l'iii\cis;ili<t Clinrcli, a very Instofiil 
 structure, Ijuilt in 1S(J7, at a cost of about *;14,00U. Tiie front eluvation 
 is in.tlic Gothic style, witli a tower at the corner surniouuled by a s]jirc 
 rising to a heiirlit of one hundreil ami ten feet. Tlu' auilit'iruni is forly- 
 five bv seventy-live feet, containing eighty jiews, in chestnut, trimmed wilii 
 black walnut. The ceiling is o|ien, and handsomely frescoed in blue and 
 gold. The windows are of stained glass, admllUMg "a dim religious light," 
 and a gallery over the entrance affords acconiuiodatiou fur the choir. The 
 general effect is exceedingly neat and tasteful. 
 
 Tlie church stands at the entrance to the grounds of Westbrook Semi- 
 
 Charles Ramsay's Nurseries. 
 
 nary. Tliis institution, incoriiorated in 1831, was the first seminary of 
 learning established in New England under the patronage of the Univer- 
 salist denomination. The seminary building was erected in 18I54, at a cost 
 of J;7,UiJ0. The first term commenced June 9, 1834, with Kev. fSaniiiel 
 IJrimblecom, Principal, and Kev. Alvin Dinsniore, Assistant. The insli- 
 lution has siiu'C been under tlie charge of a nundier of able teachers, and 
 incluiles among its graduates many who are doing good service in the 
 various walks of life. 'I"he jiresent Priiici])al is Rev. .1. P. Weslon. To 
 meet the need of Ijoarding-housi's (lioddard Hall was built in lS;')il, and 
 Ilcrsey Hall in 18G9. These are large brick edifices, connected by a diu- 
 
MAYORS OF PORTLAND. 
 
 i. a. 1.. emerson. 
 s. jonathan dow. 
 ;^. John Anderson. 
 
 4. Levi CL'tter. 
 
 5, J. C. CnUKCHILI. 
 
 6. E. Greelv. 
 
 7. j. b. cahoon. 
 
 8. Neal Dow. 
 
 9. Albion K. Parris. 
 
 10. JAS. T. MCCOIill. 
 
 11. William Willis. 
 
 12. jedediah jewett. 
 
 13. Joseph Howakd. 
 
 14. ^\'. w, Thomas. 
 
 15. Jacob McLellan. 
 
 16. A. E. Stevens. 
 
 ,-. \VM. I-. I'L inam. 
 
 18. B. Kingsbury, Jk. 
 
 19. GEO. P. WESTCOIT. 
 
 20. R, M. Richardson. 
 
 21. FRANCIS FESSENDUN. 
 
rORTLAXD AND VICIXITY. 
 
 129 
 
 ing-hall, and take their names from beneficiaries of the institution, who 
 contributed largely toward the funds for their erection. The institution 
 has extensive grounds, handsomely laid out, and all the surroundings are 
 conducive to studious habits and good moral deportment on the part of 
 the jiupils. It ])rovides two courses in the Collegiate Department, and 
 confers the degree of Laureate of Arts upon all young ladies who suc- 
 cessfully pass examination in a classical course, and Laureate of Science 
 in the scientific course. In the Academic Department diplomas are grant- 
 ed in two courses, English and College Preparatory. 
 
 On the lower road are the Nurseries of Mr. Charles Ramsay, where 
 
 A Farm Scene near Pride's Bridge. 
 
 may be seen an extensive collection of flowering plants, well worthy of 
 a visit. 
 
 Passing on through the village, and turning to the left at Morrill's 
 Corner, jiast the fine residence, with cultivated grounds, of Charles E. 
 Morrill, Esq., a drive of a mile or two brings us to Pride's Bridge, on 
 the Presumpscot. The river is here spanned by a neat iron bridge, from 
 the middle of which may be obtained a view of the Presumpscot, which, 
 for quiet beauty, is rarely surpassed. The placid stream glides smoothly 
 between green banks bordered by graceful elms, which are reflected in 
 its mirror-like surface. 
 
130 
 
 POliTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 Crossing the bridge, and turning into the low road on the left, one 
 may enjoy a very pleasant drive along a secluded road which borders the 
 river. At a point on the road near Cumberland Mills there was, a few 
 years ago, an extensive land-sink, — several acres of high land subsiding 
 into the clayey foundation which was forced out into the bed of the river, 
 changing its course. This sink is a natural phenomenon well worthy the 
 inspection of the curious as well as the geologist. 
 
 At Cumberland Mills is a prosperous village, built up by the paper- 
 mill which improves the water-power there. 
 
 The return to the city may be made by the Saccarappa road, thus 
 completing a wide circuit. 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 131 
 
 lAIlIOAB EXGIIISIONS. 
 
 By tlie extension of its railroad system Portland has become a con- 
 venient point from wliich to make short excursions to summer resorts, 
 both on the seashore and at the mountains. Summer visitors may make 
 trips of a day to Old Orchard, Lake Sebago, Lake Winnepesaukee, or the 
 Crawford Notch of the White Mountains. The scenery along these various 
 routes is attractive and varied enough to suit every taste. Let us turn 
 first, as nearest at hand, 
 
 TO OLD ORCHARD BEACH, BY THE BOSTON AND MAINE. 
 
 This famous be.ach, one of the finest on the coast, has become, by the 
 opening of the Boston and Maine extension, one of tlie most frequented of 
 our watering-places. The distance by rail from the city is eleven and three- 
 fourths miles. It is a semi-aqueous region through which the road runs, 
 crossing marsh and river and creek. Half a mile distant fi-om Blue Point 
 station, which is about nine miles out, lies Pine Point, where a number of 
 our citizens liave built summer cottages, and a boarding-house accommodates 
 summer visitors. The road skirts the seashore, and the station at Old 
 Orchard is close upon the beach, with the surf rolling in almost at one's feet. 
 The beach is ten miles long from Black Point to the Saco River. It is 
 evenly inclined, and perfectly safe, there being no deceptive holes or rocks. 
 Even at high tide there is ample room for cariiages abreast, and at low tide 
 it is one of the widest and grandest driving and promenade avenues to be 
 found anywhere. It lies in a deej) indentation of the shore, forming nearly 
 a semi-circle. On the right, Fletcher's Neck makes one arm, extending far 
 out into the sea, at the mouth of the Saco, dotted with the white buildings 
 of "The Pool" at its extremity. On the left, the other arm of the semi- 
 circle is formed by Prout's Neck, sweeping out into the sea, with Stratton 
 Island off against it. Between these two encircling points sweeps the grand 
 beach, smooth as a fioor, hard almost as a pavement, with the waves break- 
 ing along its whole extent in never-ceasing foam and" roar. 
 
 Old Orchard is abundantly supplied with hotels. The Old Orchard 
 House was destroyed by fire in 1875, has been rebuilt by its proprietor, Mr. 
 E. C. Staples, on a finer site and a larger plan. The new house stands 
 on a high knoll, a little south of the old site. It has a sea-frontage of 
 three hundred feet, with an ell one hundi-ed feet deep, and is four and 
 five stories high, finished throughout with modern improvements. The 
 Ocean House is also a large and well-kept hotel, capable of accommoda- 
 
132 
 
 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
PORTLAXD AXD VICINirY. 133 
 
 ting four or five hundred guests, and is furnished with a music-hall and 
 other attractions for the amusement of summer boarders. On the beach, 
 below the railroad track, is a crowd of smaller hotels and boarding-houses, 
 from the doors of some of which one can almost step into the sea when 
 the tide is up. 
 
 It has long been a custom with the people living in the vicinity to 
 visit the beach on the 26th of June, for the purpose of bathing in the 
 sea, which is supposed to possess special healing qualities on that particu- 
 lar day. The country people come down to the shore in wagons and 
 buggies and carryalls, — fathers, mothers, boys, girls, and babies, young 
 folks, old folks, lovers, and young married couples, — all intent on enjoy- 
 ing the healing influence of the water. On these occasions the grove and 
 the beach presents a lively spectacle. 
 
 About half a mile beyond Old Orchard, with a separate station, lie 
 the grounds of the Methodist Camp-Meeting Association. These are situ- 
 ated in the midst of an evergreen grove, where a natural hollow forms a 
 noble amphitheater. Here seats arc placed beneath the trees, with a grand 
 stand for the preachers, which commands the whole ground. Around this 
 amphitheater a "camp-meeting city" has grown up, laid out in avenues 
 lined with neat little cottages. There is abundance of fresh water, and 
 every facility to render the place, as is contemplated, the most extensive 
 and ]iopular camp-meeting ground in the country. The National Camp- 
 Meeting and the National Temperance Camp-Meeting are held here in 
 the month of August; and also, at a later season, the Methodist District 
 Camp-Meeting. 
 
 A charter has been obtained for a company, under the name of the 
 Old Orchard Beach Railroad Company, with authority to construct a rail- 
 way from Saco Ferry to Blue Point, in Scarboro', with a cajntal of $50,- 
 000. The purpose is to run a line of horse or steam cars along the whole 
 length of the beach, thus making all points easily accessible, and offering 
 to visitors a shore trip on the very edge of the breaking billows. 
 
 The Orchard Beach Railroad, a narrow gauge road, with open cars, 
 runs from the Boston and Maine station, along the beach, to the Saco river, 
 a distance of several miles, commanding fine views of the ocean and of the 
 surf breaking on the beach. At Saco river the trains connect with steamer 
 Samuel E. Spring, which conveys passengers across the river to Biddeford 
 Pool, where are two first-class summer hotels, the Yates and the Highland 
 Houses. Tliis trip forms a delightful excursion. It is in agitation to build 
 a pier at Old Orchard Beach, which, if constructed, will form a convenient 
 landing-place for steamers, and a breezy promenade for visitors. The Free 
 Baptists liavo purchased grounds for a park, and will make it their summer 
 resort. Many elegant summer cottages have been built on the beach. The 
 Old Orchard Junction Railroad connects the beach with all trains on the 
 Eastern Railroad, putting passengers on that railroad in closest connection 
 
134 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 ALONG THE SEASHORE, I$V THE EASTERN RAILKOAI). 
 
 The Eastern Railroad, or jierhajis we sliould ratlier say tlie Portland, 
 Saco and Portsmouth Railroad, which is leased by the Kaslern, runs through 
 the shore towns of Maine to Portsmouth, X. H., and gives access to York 
 Harbor, the grand beaches of Hampton and Rye, and tlie famous Isles of 
 Shoals, the latter of which can be reached from Portland in an afternoon 
 ride to Portsmouth, and an hour's sail by steamer from that city. Tiie 
 Eastern also connects with the Old Orchard Junction Railroad, giving ready 
 access to the favorite seaside resort. Old Orchard Beach. 
 
 TO LAKE SEBAGO AXD THE CRAWI'ORD NOTCH BV THE PORTLAND 
 
 AND OGDENSBURG. 
 
 Turning now from the seashore the visitor may enjoy a trip to tiir 
 lakes and mountains. A ride of four hours on the Portland and Ou'dens- 
 burg Railroad will carry him to the famous Notch of the White .Moun- 
 tains, through some of the most sublime scenery in the country. This 
 railroad is peculiarly a Portland enterjirise, designed to open a new and 
 shorter route to the great west. It extends from Portland, by way of 
 Sebago Lake and the valley of the Saco River, through the Notch of the 
 White Mountains, thence via St. Johnsbury, Vermont, through the La- 
 moille and Missisquoi Valleys to the foot of Lake Champlain. It was a 
 bold project to push a railway through the narrow gateway of the White 
 Mountains, but under the energetic management of General Samuel J. 
 Anderson, President of the company, and the engineering skill of John 
 F. Anderson, Esq., Chief Engineer, it has been successfully accomplished, 
 and the enterprise has ojiened uj) one of the most attractive pleasure- 
 routes in the country. Indeed wc know of no other railroad, of similar 
 length, which commands such romantic and beautiful views. The White 
 Mountains, with all their stupendous scenery, are brought within a ilav's 
 excursion of Portland, so that )i.irtics h'aving in the morning can visit 
 tlie Notch and arrive home at an early hour in the evening. 
 
 From Portland to Sebago Lake, a distance of about seventeen miles, 
 the road runs through the fine farming towns of Deeriug, Westbrook, 
 Windham, Gorhatn, and Standish, and there is no other raiIroa<l running,' 
 out of the city which in the same distance passes through so much V)cau- 
 tiful scenery. Orchards, green fields, and ]>atches of forest diversify the 
 lamlscape, which stretches away with undulating surf.icc, everywhere show- 
 ing signs of fertility and cultivation. Tlie falls on the Presumi)scot add 
 an interesting feature to the scene; and in Windham a glini])se is caught 
 of the old brown farm-house in which Governor John A. Andrew w.as 
 born. 
 
 Sebago I^akc is a tine sheet of w.iter, fourteen miles in K-iigth by 
 
PORTLASD AXD VlCiyiTY. 135 
 
 eight in width. The road skirts the shore, and at the station a steamer 
 is in readiness to take passengers across the lake and through the tor- 
 tuous windings of Songo River, — a charming sail, — into the lock, and 
 up the Bay of Naples into Long Pond, where the steamer lands at the 
 thriving village of Bridgton, whence a ride of eight miles takes one to the 
 summit of Pleasant Mountain, a sightly elevation commanding wide views 
 of the mountains and the sea. The liotel on the top of the mountain has 
 excellent accommodations and is well kept. In the pleasure season one 
 may go as far as Bridgton or Harrison, take dinner at one of the hotels 
 and return to Portland the same day. This is one of the most charming 
 short pleasure-routes in New England. 
 
 Continuing on the rail from Sebago Lake we soon strike across to 
 Saco River, and ride up the valley to Hiram, where the Great Falls of 
 the Saco, seen from the cars, present a grand spectacle ; thence through 
 Fryeburg, a beautiful village, famous for the battle with the Indians on 
 the shores of Lovewell's Pond, and which attracts many summer visitors; 
 on again, to North Conway, with its lovely intervales and magnificent 
 views of the White Mountains ; through Upper Bartlett, a beautiful basin 
 amid the hills; and so into the Notch, where the valley narrows to a 
 gorfje, and the road climbs the mountain side far above the river, now 
 dwindled to a brook. 
 
 The nine miles from Bemis Station to the Crawford House in the 
 Notch present a panorama of mountain scenery of unequalled grandeur. 
 The v.alley of the Saco here narrows into a rounded trough, one side of 
 which is formed by the long wall of Mount Willey, and the other by the 
 corresponding wall of Mount Webster. Far up on the side of Mount 
 Willey a shelf has been cut, and along this the road climbs at a grade 
 of one hundred and sixteen feet to the mile. One is astonished to see 
 how easily the ascent is overcome. But two buttresses block the way — 
 Frankenstein Cliff and Mount Willard. Tliey seem to stand out defiantly, 
 forbidding farther approach, but the train glides around them, through 
 deep rock cuts, and entering the gateway of the Notch, reaches the level 
 table-land where the waters divide. 
 
 The ride along this narrow shelf is a novel experience in railway 
 travel. Far above rises the steep, bare wall of Mount Willey, ever threat- 
 ening to send down earth and rocks to block the way. Crossing the track 
 of the grand slide of fearful memory, which overwhelmed the Willey fam- 
 ily, you tliink of wliat might happen again. Here and there the steep 
 mountain wall is gashed by the beds of tumbling brooks, which seem for 
 a passing moment to open a glimpse into the heart of the mountain. 
 
 Looking out on the other side of the cars they seem to overhang tiic 
 deep, wooded valley, far down beneath the foliage of which the Saco 
 speeds on- its course, and the old stage-road climbs upward to the gate- 
 
136 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 way of tlic Notcli. You catch glimpses of the Willey House and of the 
 liuts of the railway laI)orcrs far below. But the grand feature of this 
 outward view is the stupendous wall of Alount Webster rising just across 
 tlie narrow vallej-, and hemming it in with its apparently inaccessible 
 heights. This long bare wall, so seamed and gashed, so dark and frown- 
 ing, so huge in its bulk, so massive and immovable, is the tremendous 
 feature of the scene. Its long sky-line points to nothing, and makes one 
 wonder what lies beyond. It seems to cut you off from an ui)per and 
 inaccessible world. 
 
 The view of Frankenstein Cliff, especially in the autumn, when the 
 mountain slopes are clothed in all the brilliant hues of the ripened foli- 
 age, is not less grand, and has more of beauty than the stern wall of 
 Mount Webster. This is only to be seen to advantage as you go down 
 the valley, from the rear platform of the train. As the cars cross tlie 
 iron bridge, which spans a fearful gorge, the cliff looms up above the ob- 
 server with awful front. The eye falls first upon the forest growth about 
 its base, which in the autumn glows with color like a bank of roses. Above 
 this beautiful mass of color, and in strong contrast to it, rises the sheer 
 precipice, a perpendicular wall of dark rock, furrowed and grim, with a 
 crown of illuminated trees upon its head. But as the train moves on, 
 .^Ild the cliff recedes, you see another wall, above and beyond the first, 
 also fringed along its summit with brilliant hues. Thus the cliff grows 
 in magnitude and grandeur as you recede from it, until at last a turn in 
 the road shuts it from your view. But here comes in another grand fea- 
 ture of this mountain scenery. The summit of Mount Washington is now- 
 seen, covered with snow, a great white dome rising clear against the blue 
 sky. Cries of wonder and delight greet its' appearance, and this grand 
 spectacle is alternately hidden and revealed, until the train reaches Glen 
 Station, where you bid adieu to its grandeur and settle down quietly for 
 the homeward ride. 
 
 The distance from Portland to the Crawford House is eighty-seven 
 miles. From the Notch one may go on to Fabyan's, four miles, from which 
 point there is a grand view of ]\Iount Washington. 
 
 TO LAKE WINNEPES.M'KEE, BY THE PORTLAND AND ROCHESTER. 
 
 This road is another favorite enterprise of the business men of Port- 
 land. It o])ens a new .'ind direct route to New York, by way of Roches- 
 ter, N. II., thence to Nashua, N. II., where it connects with the line to 
 Worcester, Mass., and thence to New York, — thus saving many miles of 
 travel between Portland an<l tlie great metropolis. It affords many i)leas- 
 ant ])oinls for excursions along the route, which ]iasses through the vil- 
 lages of Morrill's Corner, Saccarajijia, and Cinrham ; crosses the Saco River, 
 
PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 137 
 
 and runs through Waterboro' to the pleasant village of Alfred, near which 
 the Shakers have an establishment; thence to Rochester, N. H., where it 
 connects with the Dover and Winnepesaukec Railroad, running to Alton 
 Bay. In summer the trains are so arranged on several days of each week 
 that passengers may leave Portland in the morning, reach Alton Bay, pass 
 by steamer over the whole length of Winnepesaukec, and return so as to 
 get back to Portland on the evening of the same day. 
 
 Lake Winnepesaukec is one of the most beautiful sheets of water in 
 this country. It is studded with islands, and commands fine views of dis- 
 tant mountains. From Alton Bay the steamers run both to Wolfboro' 
 and to Centre Harbor. The former is a considerable village, beautifully 
 situated on the shore of the lake. From this point one may take the 
 train on the Conway branch of the Eastern Railroad and go through 
 some of the finest mountain scenery to North Conway, and so return to 
 Portland by the Portland and Ogdensburg Railroad — a two days' trip, 
 stopping over night at Wolfboro'. Or one may go by steamer to Centre 
 Harbor, where a lovely view of the lake and surrounding country is ob- 
 tained from the summit of Red Hill. 
 
 TO MOUNT WASHINGTON, BY THE GRAND TRUNK. 
 
 The Grand Trunk Railway, which connects Portland with the princi- 
 pal cities and towns of Canada, and with the vast grain-growing regions 
 of tlie west, opened a new route to the White Mountains, affording ac- 
 cess to glens and gorges which up to the time of the opening of the road 
 in 1853 had been but little visited. It runs through a number of pleas- 
 ant villages, including North Yarmouth, New Gloucester, Mechanic Falls, 
 South Paris, and Bryant's Pond, to Bethel, a place of great natural beauty, 
 seated amid the hills, which attracts great numbers of summer boarders; 
 thence through fine scenery, along the Androscoggin, to Gorham, N. H. 
 Here stages take passengers seven miles up the glen to the Glen House, 
 kept by the Messrs. Milliken, of this city, which stands in the heart of 
 the White Mountains, at the foot of Mount Washington. The mountain 
 is ascended in carriages over a well-constructed road. From the summit 
 one may descend by the railroad, on the other side, to Fabyan's; or, re- 
 turning to the Glen House, may pass through the wild Pinkham Notch, 
 amid the most stupendous mountain scenery, to Glen Station, on the Port- 
 land and Ogdensburg, and thence to Portland, 
 
138 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 
 
 TO THE IN'TEHIoi; (IF THE STATE, BY THE MAINE CENTRAL. 
 
 This combination of railroads commands all i^arts of Maine, the Port- 
 land and Kennebec line rnnning tlirough Brunswick (the seat of Bowdoin 
 College) to Augusta, the cajjital of the State, and the upper towns on the 
 Kennebec as far as Skowliegan; the Penobscot line extending through Lew- 
 iston, one of the leading manufacturing cities of Maine, and Waterville to 
 ]Jangor, where connection is made with the Bangor and Piscataquis Rail- 
 road, which gives approach to the woods of Northern Maine, and with the 
 European and North American Railroad, which, with connections, extends 
 as far east as Halifax, N. S. By this railroad system and its connections, 
 the whole interior of the State of Maine is opened up to the tourist, and 
 access given to famous resorts on the seashore and among the lakes of our 
 Northern forests. Maine is rich in grand scenery, in hunting and fishing 
 resorts, as well as in breezy sea-side retreats, which are yearly attracting an 
 increasing number of visitors. By the Maine Central, access may be had to 
 all of them, as also to the mining regions of Eastern Maine. ]}y way of 
 Bath, you may reach the beautiful Boothbay Harbor, with its outlying re- 
 sorts. Squirrel, Mouse and Capitol Islands, distant Monhcgan and ancient 
 Pemaquid. By way of the Knox and Lincoln from Bath to Rockland, con- 
 nection is made with steamers running to the great sea-side resort. Mt Des- 
 ert. This popular watering-jilace, which combines the attractions of moun- 
 tains and the sea-shore, may also be reached by a line of steamers from Ban- 
 gor, affording a delightfid sail down the Penobscot, or by stage lino direct 
 from Bangor, or still again by the Bangor and Bucksport liailroad to Bucks- 
 port, thence by stage. By the "back route" from Portland, you may reacli 
 Lake Maranocook, fifty-seven miles from Portland. This beautiful sheet of 
 water has been develojied by the .Maine Central into a delightful resort for 
 excursion parties and aquatic sports. Five steamers ]ily on the lake this 
 season, with a countless number of row and sail-boats. From Bangor, tme 
 may ])roceed by rail and stage to Moosehead Lake, the great fishing resort 
 of Maine, or by way of the European and North American Railroad, and 
 connecting lines, to the great forest land of Aroostook; or still again, if one 
 desires to see the very end of " Down-East," he may proceed to the ]\Iaritime 
 Provinces, and visit St. John, Halifa.x, and Prince Edward Island. At the 
 beautiful village of Farmington, he may take the Samly River Railroad for 
 Phillips, and thence by stage to the far-famed Rangeley Lakes, a wonderful 
 water-system in the lieart of our Northern forests. 
 
 To all these, and other attractive jioints, summer access is made ca.sy 
 by round-trip excursion tickets, sold from June 1st to September 3l>lh, and 
 good for a return passage until November 1st. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Page 
 
 CASCO BAY 3 
 
 PORTLAND: A Glance AT ITS History 8 
 
 TOPOGRAPHY 21 
 
 DISTINGUISHED PORTLANDERS.. 25 
 
 WALKS ABOUT TOWN: 
 
 From Market Square to the East- 
 ern Promenade 38 
 
 From Market Square to the West- 
 ern Promenade 54 
 
 From JIarket Square to India and 
 Commercial Streets 72 
 
 THE ISLANDS: 
 
 Cushing's Island 88 
 
 Peaks' Island 94 
 
 Long Island 100 
 
 Little Chebeague 101 
 
 Harpswell 101 
 
 Page 
 DRIVES IN THE VICINITY: 
 
 To Prout's Neck Iftt 
 
 Along Falmouth Foreside 113 
 
 To Evergreen Cemetery and Pride's 
 Bridge 116 
 
 RAILROAD EXCURSIONS: 
 
 To Old Orchard Beach, by the Bos- 
 ton AND Maine 131 
 
 Along the Seashore, by the East- 
 ern Railroad 134 
 
 To Lake Sebago and the Crawford 
 Notch, by the Portland and Og- 
 densburg 134 
 
 To Lake Winnepesaukee, by the 
 Portland and Rochester 136 
 
 To Mount Washington, by the 
 Grand Trunk 137 
 
 To the Interior of the State, by 
 the Maine Central 138 
 
 ILlHSTSATroNS. 
 
 Page 
 " And the grass literally grew upon 
 
 the wharves " 15 
 
 Atlantic House Ill 
 
 Bird-Shooting on Scarboro' Marshes 1011 
 
 Breakwater Light 87 
 
 Catholic Cathedral 49 
 
 Catholic Orphan Asylum 65 
 
 Gasco Bank 75 
 
 Canal Bank 77 
 
 Centennial Block opp. 25 
 
 Chestnut-Street Church 42 
 
 City Hall 45 
 
 Congress Street, from Market Sq. 55 
 
 Congress-Street M. E. Church 52 
 
 Congress Square 58 
 
 Corner Middle and Exchange Sts . opp. 24 
 
 Commercial Street 84 
 
 Custom House 83 
 
 Cushing's Island 89 
 
 One of the Beaches 90 
 
 A bit of the Shore 91 
 
 Ottawa House 91 
 
 One of the Walks 92 
 
 Page 
 
 White Head 93 
 
 Deering's Bridge 117 
 
 Deering Mansion 117 
 
 Evergreen Cemetery, 
 
 Entrance to 122 
 
 The Tombs 123 
 
 View in 124 
 
 The Ponds 125 
 
 Hon. Wm. Pitt Fessenden Monument. 125 
 
 Samuel Rumery's Monument 125 
 
 The Summer House 125 
 
 Evergreen Circle 125 
 
 Exchange St., from Middle to Fore 78 
 
 Falmouth Hotel 74 
 
 Farm-Scene in East Deering 113 
 
 Farm-Scene near Pride's Bridge.... 124 
 
 Farrington Block bet. 24 and 26 
 
 Female Orphan Asylum 69 
 
 First Baptist Church 45 
 
 First Church in Portland 17 
 
 First Hotel in Portland 10 
 
 First National Bank 70 
 
 First Parish Church 41 
 
140 
 
 LTST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Pagb 
 Forest City Minerai. Spring. bet. 24 and 25 
 Franklin Wharf and New Elevator 82 
 Heading of First Newspaper pub- 
 lished IN Maine 13 
 
 High-Street Church 49 
 
 High St., from Congress Sq opp. 24 
 
 Home for Aged Women 65 
 
 King's Mark 12 
 
 KiRKWOOD House HI 
 
 Lincoln Park 48 
 
 Longfellow House 56 
 
 Longfellow, Birthplace of 81 
 
 Market Square 3il 
 
 Main lioAD to JLissachusetts '•• 
 
 Maine Savings Bank T6 
 
 Maine General Hospital 65 
 
 Marine Hospital 113 
 
 Mechanics' Hall 57 
 
 Merchants' Bank '?7 
 
 Middle Street before 1866 16 
 
 Middle Street in Uiiins 19 
 
 Middle Street, from Cko.ss to Union 72 
 JIiddle St., from Plum to Exchange 76 
 Middle St., Looking Down . .bet. 24 and 25 
 Midwinter Scene HO 
 
 MAYORS OF PORTLAND opp. 128 
 
 1832. Andrew L. Emerson Dem. 
 
 1832. Joiiatban Dow Whiij. 
 
 1833. Jobn Anderson Dem. 
 
 1834-40. Levi Cutler Whii/. 
 
 1841. James C. Cliurchill Whi;/. 
 
 1842. Jolin Anderson /'<')»• 
 
 1843-8. Elipbalet Crcely Win;/. 
 
 1849-50. J . B. t;alioon Whiy. 
 
 1851. Ncal Dow Whin. 
 
 1852. Albion K. Parris Dem. 
 
 18.53-4. J. B. Cahoon Whifj. 
 
 1855. Neal Dow Kepub. 
 
 1856. James T. McCobb Dem. 
 
 1857. William AVillis Hepuh. 
 
 18.58-9. Jedediali Jewett Rrp\tb. 
 
 18(iO. Josepli Howard Hem. 
 
 1861-2. William W. Thomas Hei.iih. 
 
 186:5-3. Jacob McLellan liipiib. 
 
 1866-7. Augustus E. Stevens. .. AV/jh!). 
 
 1868. Jacob McLellan liepiib. 
 
 1869. William L. Putnam Iletv. 
 
 1870-2. Benjamin Kinsslmry, jT.liepuli. 
 
 187.3-4. George P. Wostcott Jieptib. 
 
 1875. Roswell M. Ricbardson. . ./)tm. 
 
 1876. Francis Fcssondon Repnb. 
 
 1877-8. Moses M. Butler Frontispiece 
 
 1879. George Walker " 
 
 1880-1. William Sentcr " 
 
 Natural History Building, .bet. 24 and 25 
 
 Obsehvatory 52 
 
 Ocean House lOS 
 
 Old Okchard Beach 132 
 
 Payson Memorial Church.. 46 
 
 Peaks' Island, 
 
 Jones's Landing 95 
 
 " Greenwood " W 
 
 Page 
 
 Trefethen's Landing 98 
 
 Evergreen Landing 98 
 
 The Outer Shore 99 
 
 Portland in 1632 8 
 
 Portland in 1876 20 
 
 Portland Light .' 107 
 
 Portland Savings Bank 80 
 
 Union Mutual Building 43 
 
 PORTRAITS: 
 
 John A. Poor 17 
 
 Parson Smith 25 
 
 Ex-Clii.-f-Justice Ether Sheplcy 27 
 
 Judge George F. Shepley 27 
 
 Hon. William Pitt Fessenden 28 
 
 Hon. Israel Wasbburu, Jr 28 
 
 General Neal Dow 29 
 
 John Neal 29 
 
 Henry W. Longfellow 30 
 
 N. P. Willis 30 
 
 Rev. Dr. Edward I'ayson 31 
 
 Hon. William Willis 32 
 
 Hon. Jobn B. Brown 35 
 
 Hon. William W. Thomas 36 
 
 I'ost-Office 79 
 
 Presumpscot River, View on the 115 
 
 Presump.scot Park 121 
 
 Preble House 55 
 
 Prout's Neck 112 
 
 PRIVATE RESIDENCES: 
 
 Residence of Dr. H. N. Small 59 
 
 " Judge George F. Shepley... 61 
 
 C.A.Brown 62 
 
 " Gen. Neal Dow 63 
 
 Albion Little 63 
 
 " Hon. Jobn B. Brown 67 
 
 " Hon. Israel Washburn, Jr.. . 68 
 
 T. C. Hersey 69 
 
 S.C.Andrews 69 
 
 A. and S. E. Spring 70 
 
 " Holman S. Melclier 70 
 
 " Ruggles S. Morse 71 
 
 Philip H. Brown 106 
 
 J. S. Palmer 118 
 
 J. S. Ricker 119 
 
 " Captain J. B. Coyle 120 
 
 Dr. S. H. Tewksbury 120 
 
 Ramsay's Nurseries 128 
 
 Scene at end of Custom-House Wharf 86 
 
 Seamen's Bethel 65 
 
 State Street 60 
 
 State Reform School 64 
 
 Steamer John Brooks, for Boston... 88 
 
 St. .Stkphkn's Church 49 
 
 Sunset from Western Promenade.... 66 
 
 SwlCDBNnoKGIAN Church 49 
 
 Two-Lights 108 
 
 United States Hotel 40 
 
 Univkrsalist Church, India Street. . 49 
 
 Westbrook Seminary 1'27 
 
 WiLLiSTON Church opp. 25 
 
INDEX TO TEXT. 
 
 Page 
 
 Allan Steamers 82 
 
 Army and Navy Union 56 
 
 Artists 34 
 
 Atlantic and St. Lawrence Kailway IT 
 
 •' House, Scarboro' Beach Ill 
 
 Authors 31 
 
 Bishop's Mansion 47 
 
 Board of Trade 35,75 
 
 Bohemian, Wreck of 10" 
 
 Boston and Maine Railroad 20. 131 
 
 Boulevard lit* 
 
 Bramhall's Hill, Elevation of 22 
 
 " " View from 6H 
 
 " " Why named 67 
 
 Breakwater H7 
 
 Business Men 35 
 
 Campei-s-out, Numher of 7 
 
 Casco Bay, Bird-stiooting in 6 
 
 " " I>(_'Sfril'ti('Il of 3 
 
 " " Disaster in St> 
 
 " " Strange creatures found In 5 
 
 " Street Church 56 
 
 Cathohc Cathedral 47 
 
 Chestnut Street Church 43 
 
 City BuiUing 44 
 
 " Hotel 57 
 
 Clay Cove 80 
 
 Cleaves, George 25, 81 
 
 Commercial Street 18, 82 
 
 " Old house on 83 
 
 " " Scene on 84 
 
 Congress Square 57 
 
 Street M. E. Church 53 
 
 Cumberland and O.vford Canal 16 
 
 " Bar. Members of 26 
 
 " Mills, Land-slide near 13U 
 
 Cushing's Island. 88 
 
 " " Previous names of 8!) 
 
 ** " View from 91 
 
 Custom House 84 
 
 •• •' Duties collected in 1790 14 
 
 "1806 14 
 
 " 1876 84 
 
 Deering Mansion 118 
 
 Street 59 
 
 Woods 62,116 
 
 Diamond Cove 102 
 
 Distnnrcs to Popular Besorts 24 
 
 East Dicring 113 
 
 Eastern Cemetery 51 
 
 " Promenade, View from 54 
 
 Elevator. The new 83 
 
 English Navy, Supplying Masts for the 12 
 
 Evergreen Cemetery VXi 
 
 " " Price of Lots in 124 
 
 " Landing 9S 
 
 Exchange Street 75 
 
 Ealmouth Foreside 11'^ 
 
 Hotel... 74 
 
 Female Orphan Asvhun 62 
 
 Pireofl866 19, 47, 73, HO 
 
 First Baptist Church.. 46 
 
 " Indian War 10 
 
 " LiKhthonsc on Maine Coast 107 
 
 " Meeting-House, Erection of 9 
 
 " Newspaper, Publication of 14, 32 
 
 Page 
 
 First Parish Church 42 
 
 " Settlers, Landing of 8 
 
 " Steamboat, Arrival of 15 
 
 ■' Tavern opened 10 
 
 " Theatre, Kreetion of 43 
 
 " Theatrical Performance 43 
 
 Forest City Cemetery 126 
 
 Fort Gorges 88 
 
 " Loyal, Erection of 10 
 
 " Preble 87 
 
 " Scammell 87 
 
 Free Street .. 73 
 
 Baptist Church 57 
 
 Grand Army. . 56 
 
 Trunk Railway 81,137 
 
 Greele, Widow Alice 50 
 
 Halifa.x Steamers 82 
 
 Harpswell 101 
 
 DeadShipof 103 
 
 Higgins' Beach 110 
 
 High Street Church 58 
 
 Home for Aged Women 70 
 
 Huckster's Kow 57 
 
 IndiaStreet 80 
 
 International Steamers 85 
 
 Islands, The 86 
 
 " belonging to City 21 
 
 " Names of 4 
 
 " Number of 5 
 
 " Population of 21 
 
 Journalists 32 
 
 Kavanagh School 50 
 
 Kirkwood House, Scarboro' Beach 110 
 
 Knightville 105 
 
 Lincoln Park 46 
 
 Little rheli..ague 101 
 
 Lon- Island 100 
 
 Longfellow, Henry W 29,51,56,62 
 
 Birthplace of 81 
 
 " House 54 
 
 Maine admitted into the Union 15 
 
 Central Itailroad 133 
 
 " f'liaritalili' .Mechanics' Association... 56 
 
 " Fir.st daily newspaper in 32 
 
 *' ** editor imprisoned in 32 
 
 •' General llos|.ital 64 
 
 " Historical Society 45 
 
 " Steamship Company 83 
 
 Market Square 38 
 
 '■ •■ Riotsin 40 
 
 Matthew I 'ol.li House 58 
 
 MeLellaii -Mansion 59 
 
 Meeting-Himse Mill 105 
 
 Mercantile Library Association 41 
 
 MiddleStreet 73 
 
 " " Old bridge over 11 
 
 Morrill's Comer 129 
 
 Mount Calvary Cemetery 126 
 
 " Washington 137 
 
 Mowatt. Captiu-c of 52 
 
 Mun.1oy's Hill, Elevation of 22 
 
 " ' " why named 52 
 
 Mussev'sRow 74 
 
 Natnral History Society 45 
 
 Na\'y. < )meers of 28 
 
 New Casco 10,115 
 
142 
 
 INDEX TO TEXT. 
 
 Page 
 
 New Jerusalem Temple 58 
 
 Newspapers, Location of _ J^ 
 
 Managers of ' -^i 
 
 Non-intercourse Policy, and Embargo U 
 
 North School 5U 
 
 " Street, View from fH 
 
 Observatory Ki 
 
 Ocean House, Cape Elizabeth lUlt 
 
 Olid Fellows' Hall ■*' 
 
 Old Orchard Beach 131 
 
 '• ■• " Fern Park IK 
 
 " '• " Ocean House IK 
 
 " " " Old Orchard House IK 
 
 " " " 26tli of June at VXi 
 
 Orators and Statesmen 2K 
 
 Park Street Church W 
 
 Payson MeniorialChurch to 
 
 Uev. Ur. Edward 31,46,79 
 
 Peaks' Island "-t 
 
 " Disaster off !« 
 
 " " Number of boardere on HS 
 
 " " Previous names of !'*i 
 
 " " Steaniboul Compiiny Sti 
 
 *' " A'iew from 09 
 
 Pine Street Church «- 
 
 Plymouth Church ^ 
 
 Poets ,2» 
 
 Pond Cove 108 
 
 Portland, Area of 8, 21 
 
 liurning of, by Mowatt 13 
 
 " Commerce in 1737 H 
 
 I )rv 111 >ik Company IW 
 
 " Fiist huTik incorporated in U 
 
 " •■ brick house built in M 
 
 " " '• st*>rc built in U 
 
 " " preacher in 'J 
 
 " Fraternity 57 
 
 Harbor 22 
 
 " " Ascenein 8i 
 
 " Hciid, Tl;ittcrvon IIW 
 
 ill tiLr Iti-lii'llion 1« 
 
 " Lh^i cxci-iition in 52 
 
 " Liizht lUI' 
 
 " Museum 43 
 
 " Number of streets in 23 
 
 " Oldest gravestone In 51 
 
 " " hall in 57 
 
 " " house in 79 
 
 Population in 1B75 » 
 
 "1888 10 
 
 "1753 11 
 
 "1800,1810 14 
 
 " 1S7« 21 
 
 Postmasters of 7ii 
 
 " Saco. and Portsmouth Hailroad 134 
 
 Page 
 
 Portland, Statistics of 21 
 
 " SteaiM Packii Company 16,83 
 
 " Stoncwai-i- Company 119 
 
 " Styles in 17711 12 
 
 A'aluationof 8 
 
 " ami OjfdensburK Kallroad 20, \M 
 
 '• Kochester Railroad 20,1*1 
 
 Post-Ollice 75 
 
 Preble House 38, 54 
 
 Presumpscot Trotting Park 122 
 
 I'riiic's liridtre 129 
 
 Private Residences, First Erection of 14 
 
 Prout's Neck 112 
 
 Public Library — 44 
 
 Hallways, Introduction of 16 
 
 Opening of 20 
 
 Ramsay's N urseries 129 
 
 Reformers " 29 
 
 Reservoir 64 
 
 Revenue Cutter Caleb Cushing 18 
 
 Revolution, The 12 
 
 Sea rboro' Reaches HO 
 
 SeliajiTo Lake 134 
 
 Second Indian War 10 
 
 Meetinsr-House, Erection of 11 
 
 " Parish Church 79 
 
 Smith, Captiiin John 3,5 
 
 Rev. Thomas 25 
 
 ' House of 50 
 
 Tomb of 51 
 
 Spurwink River 109 
 
 St. Dominic's Church 62 
 
 " Luke's ('alhedral 61 
 
 ■' Paul's Church SO 
 
 " Stephen's Church 00 
 
 State Reform School 68 
 
 " Street.. «0 
 
 " " Church 1)1 
 
 Stevens' Plains 123, 128 
 
 Storm on the Coast 107 
 
 'I'lioroluirsi Farm 114 
 
 Treaty with the Indians 5'-', 115 
 
 Two-i.ik'hts 108 
 
 Li nited States Hotel.. . 38 
 
 " Marino Hospittil 113 
 
 Universalist Church, Congress Square 58 
 
 " IndiaStreet 50 
 
 " " Stevens' Plains 128 
 
 AVestbrook Seminary 128 
 
 Western Cemetery 126 
 
 " Promenade, View from 67 
 
 White Head 98 
 
 Mountain Notch 135 
 
 Woodford's Corner 119 
 
*- 
 
 -* 
 
 $u»inr«« 3ntfrf«t« of )loHI<tnt>. 
 
 -TUB- 
 
 United States Hotel, 
 
 One of the le:*ding- and best Hotels; in the city, 
 situated on 
 
 FEDERAL, ELM AND 
 CONGRESS STREETS. 
 
 -Se^t I^oiktion ill tlie City-' 
 
 All traveling men should stop at this Hotel while 
 in Portland. 
 
 WILL. H. Mcdonald, Proprietor. 
 
 PORTLAND 
 
 Bbseryatory 
 
 No Tourist or Stranger should 
 leave the city without visiting the 
 Observatory on Munjoy Hill. 
 
 From the Cupola can be seen the entire 
 City; the OCEAN, to the Horizon ; CASCO 
 BAY, w^ith its beautiful islands ; the 
 WHITE, CONWAY, SANDWICH, GREEN 
 and OSSIPEE MOUNTAINS, wHth the in- 
 tervening country. 
 
 The views here are said to be unsurpassed for beauty 
 and variety by any in the world. 
 
 A powerful Telescope is mounted in the Cupola for 
 the use of visitors. 
 
 Congress Street cars pass every eight minutes. 
 See Page 53. 
 
 •ii- 
 
 W. H. SCOTT, 
 
 Galvanized Iron 
 Gutter and Cornice 
 Manufacturer. 
 
 E^- All kinds of Sheet Iron and Tin Work 
 made to order. 
 
 A LSO, 
 
 Cop])er Gutter, Steamboat, Locomotive and Stationary 
 Boiler Stacks. Corrugated Iron Roofs put on in tlie best 
 manner. All kinds of Plain Conductors always on hand. 
 Tin Roofs repaired and painted. 
 
 Persons troubled with ice and snow gathering on the 
 eaves of buildings, can have them lined up water tight, at 
 short notice and at reasonable prices by applying to me. 
 
 TIN ROOFING A SPECIALTY. 
 
 Agent for Austin's Patent Expanding Conductor. A 
 full assortment constantly on hand. .e®^_Orders may be 
 given by telephone. 
 
 29, 31 & 33 Union Street, 
 
 PORTt,A]Sn>, urE. 
 
 THOMAS C. COOPER, 
 
 Slate and Metal Roofer. 
 
 Leaky Roofs made tight. Tin Roofing a Specialty. Tin 
 Roofs Repaired and Painted. 
 
 Agent for the Original Elastic Cambridge Cement. 
 Alt work warranted. 
 
 46 Cross Street, 
 
 PORTLAND, ME. 
 
 A good selection and tlie 
 
 lowest prices in plain 
 
 and printed 
 
 Crockery, Etc., 
 
 Wholes^ilu iiiid Rchiil. 
 
 R. S. RAND, 
 
 CONGRESS STREET, 
 
 Near CiKEEN. 
 Store open every evening. 
 
 -* 
 
*- 
 
 ^noint99 3iitfre»t6 of llorthtntt. 
 
 Chas. H. O'Brion, 
 
 Wholesale and lietail Dejit-r in 
 
 Commercial Street, 
 
 BKOIVIV'S WHARF. 
 
 Coals for Domestic and Blacksmith 
 Purposes constantly on hand. 
 
 iriC5' 
 
 'iXT"; 
 
 mid Satisfuution Guaraiitt^cil. 
 
 LA TEST DESIGNS. 
 POini.AXD, ME. 
 
 CROCKETT & LONG, 
 
 Ilc:ikrs in 
 
 Crocktryt Carpeting^ lii^dding and Jlottae • /•'urtiisJitujf 
 Goods. Sfcond-hand Furuiture liouffht und Sold. 
 
 FURNITURE OF ALL KINDS REPAIRED. 
 
 41 MARKET ST., - PORTLAND, ME. 
 
 Ks'i \ iir.isiiKit, lKi',11. 
 
 Can be found at >■ 
 
 212 FEDERAL, CORNER TEMPLE STREET. 
 
 Slu-.trv iiiul Si is^.■^:^ (;iiiHiiiij; in Uir Uc-t M.iiim:i. 
 liu^ttr C'uiic;tviiiK, I'hiiti (.vrindiii^ iinil Honing, Puckct* 
 Knife Kebliidinf; in llir Shortest Possible Timt-. 
 
 JOHKSfiX'S 
 
 RESTAURANT, 
 
 49 EXCHANGE ST., 
 
 Portland, - Maine. 
 
 STEPHEN JOHNSON, Proprietor. 
 
 Meals at all hours'at Reaisonabk' Prices. 
 
 Ruinford Falls 
 Buckield R. R. 
 
 starting from the Grand Trunk Rail- 
 way at Mechanic Falls, runs via Buckfleld 
 to Canton on the Androscoggin River. 
 
 I'lisscnjjers for Dixfk-ld and the Rnngt-lv Lakes ure taken 
 from Caiiton up the I'iciuresquu Valleys of the Androscoji- 
 j'in and Swift Rivers to JIouj;liton*s,' in Hyron, thence to 
 .Monselucma^funtic (nr the Great) Lake, at ihc Keniis Cot- 
 tajjcs, of which Capt. Frederic Barker, of the steamboHt 
 line, is prtiprietor. 
 
 Thtrr urf tv.'o daily trains each way on this railroad, 
 •\nd passcngtra ivill bt able^ by this routt, to Irarf Btmis 
 in thf morning, and arrive in Boston at to P. M. thf 
 Kiiini- day. 
 
 This Hailnmd passes within two miles of the 
 
 HEBRON MINERAL SPRINGS. 
 
 IsKAKl. \\ AMIHI K.\, Jk., l'ri-..i>linl, l'.irtl:iii.l. 
 S. I'. ANDIlliWS, \iccl'risident, I'ortlaiul. 
 OTIS HAYI-'ORD, .Supcrin(<-ndiiil, Canlon. 
 
 Pcriland. June 7, l»tMl. 
 
 *>- 
 
 -^ 
 
-* 
 
 £Su6inr«e ^ntcrret* of lloHlnnii. 
 
 Old Orchard Steamboat Co. 
 
 To BIDDEFORD POOL, Me. 
 
 From the Terminus of the Ori;hard Ileiich K. R. to 
 Biddeforrt Pool, hi the 
 
 New Side-Wheel Steamer 
 
 "SAMEL E. SPRIE!" 
 
 CONNECTIONS 
 
 With all Trains from Boston and Portland. 
 
 A Deligbtful Trip for Excursion Parties ! 
 
 Ride on the Beach Road from Old Orchard iu 
 
 OPKN CARS, and a Sail down the 
 
 Saco River. 
 
 See Portland papers and Time-Tables of the Uoston 
 and Maine and Orchard Beach K. R. 
 For Rates, etc., apply to 
 
 JOHN S. MORRIS, Pres't, 
 
 Old Orchard Steamboat Co., 
 
 22 Exchange Street, Portland, Me. 
 
 Season of 1881. The People's Favorite ! 
 
 TOtJEIST STEAMBOAT LINE ! 
 
 The Staunch-g-f )mg Steamers 
 
 MINNEHAHA and TOURIST, 
 
 Will make trips from 
 
 Portland to Peaks, Trefethens, and Diamond 
 
 Island Landings, every Half-honr 
 
 during the Season. 
 
 Tourists wishing a dayof enjoyment should take the 
 TourisK L.ine for the Islands. 
 For Time-Tables see Portland papers. 
 
 C. H. KNOULTON, Maiiager. 
 
 H. H. NEVENS & CO., 
 
 Manufacturers of 
 
 i:i;$, SrHiti ®Hriar, 
 
 Itr. 
 
 Wholesale Dealers in 
 
 TEAS, COFFEES AND FANCY GROCERIES, 
 
 CICARS A .«*I»ECIAI.TV. 
 
 Eagle Mills, 184 & 186 Fore Street, 
 
 .• H.- wm?EHousE. i Portland, ME. 
 
 Portland, Little CtiebeagueiHarpswell 
 
 STEAMBOAT CO. 
 
 The Most Delightful Trip in 
 
 PCRTLAOD I) ARBOR. 
 
 A Sail Among the Islands for Fifteen MUes, 
 One Way. 
 
 This Company will make from 6 to 8 (rips per da j 
 
 during- the sea.'son of 18H1, in the Fast Steamers 
 
 Henrietta and Sea Flower. 
 
 See Portland papers and Time-Tables. 
 
 JOHN S. MORRIS, Pres't, 
 22 EXCHANGE STREET, 
 
 PORTLAND. 
 
 -from:- 
 
 PortlandtoNewYork 
 
 I>oii*t Fail lo go by Ifao 
 
 Maine Steamsiiip Co.'s Semi-Weekly Line, 
 
 From Fraiihlin AVhnrf, Porllaud, 
 Anil Pier 38, Eaut Rirer, IVew Vork. 
 
 Leaving Portland and New York every Monday and 
 
 Thursday. 
 
 Durintr the Summer months the steamers will stop at 
 
 Vineyard Haven on the passage to and from 
 
 New York. 
 
 Jgg^^FARE, Including- State-Boom, $5.00. 
 
 meaU Extra. 
 
 Pas.scn{5crs visiting New York will find this a plea.s- 
 anl trip, avoiding the necessary transfer of baggage 
 frnni one conveyance to another. 
 
 HENBY FOX, Gen'l Agent, Portland. 
 
 .1. F. AMES, Agent, Pier :k, East River, New York. 
 
 Tickets and State-Rooms can be obtained at 22 Ex- 
 change Street, Portland. Note. — From Dec. 1st to 
 May 1st, no passengers will be taken by this line. 
 
SHAW, GODING & CO., 
 
 iriaDufaclui-rra of 
 
 160 MIDDLE STREET, 
 
 .,;=3 
 
 THE WHITNEY GAITER! 
 
 I»iil«-nlra illiirc-li 15, ISSl. 
 
 This lUiot is fur Superior to any Other style Uoiit in 
 the iniirket. Vou can see the advanta^Pf' over other 
 style's at a jflanee. ManufHctured to »>nU'r. hy 
 
 B.F, WHITNEY* CO, 
 
 Wlicilcsiilcaiicl Kelail l>.:il.i- ni 
 
 S©©1^® T^N-D Shoes, 
 "-^■^ ■■■■••■ ■,■•■■■■ --■ 
 
 222 Middle Street, Portland, Me. 
 
 I I M'KK I'AI-.MlU III MnlKL.) 
 
 J.B.FICKETT&CO., 
 
 Dealers in 
 
 WhiteLead?ZingPaints, 
 
 PAINTERS' AND COACH COLORS, 
 
 Linseed, Sperm and Lubricating Oils. 
 
 MASURY'S PURE PREPARED PAINTS. 
 
 Nos. 1851187 Fore Street, 
 
 PO"RTLA!7D. 
 
 l. II. I'U Ki:i r. 
 
 i;. 11. \\ A ri.:Kii(HSK 
 
 OCEmM MOilJSE 
 
 CAPE ELIZABETH, Maine, 
 
 Seven Miles from Portland. 
 
 This Favorite Summer Resort will be reopened June 9, 1881. 
 
 lUiit Jnach at liaiui, with the best facilities 
 New loathing -lioiises have been built and 
 
 It* locaticm fnr tlic purpose could not be .surpas>c(i. There i^ an «■ 
 for hathinp In he found nn our coast, while the sea view is unusually tii: 
 placed in a more convenient locality. 
 
 In connection with the house is a wellappointed Livery, with :i lirst-class lot of horses and carriajjes for the use 
 of the (jjuests. The drainage is excellent. The water is furnished from a boiling ^Pfingi and is pronounced bv 
 physicians to be the purest and liest. Good boats kept for |>Ieasure-sailiiig and fishing^. The fishing grounds arc well 
 i.upplie<t willi fish, which can be caught with the use of boats »ir from the rocks. 
 
 The drives from Portland to tlie Ocean House are unsurpassed. Guests will be met in Portland, at De{K>ts and 
 Steamboat I.andint;^. with carriages, by notifyiui^ the proprietor a day or t\vo in advance of arrival. CArriaf;eii run 
 the Ocean llouse and Portland dailv, at Vnw fares. 
 
 between -. ._ ^ _ .. . 
 
 Parties wi^hinj; to eiif^aKe room*; at thisliotel the loiniiin sea 
 
 I by apidyinp to 
 
 T. WOLCOTT, Proprietor, Box 2004. Portland, Maine. 
 
$u«tnroo 3ntfrf«t6 of yoHlnnb. 
 
 Chase,, Knight & Co., 
 
 Manufacturers and Jobbers of 
 
 lOO'TS AND SHOl 
 
 Nos, 52 aDd 54 UNION STREET, 
 
 T. H. CHASE. 
 COLUMBUS KNIGHT. 
 
 PORTLMD/^ME, 
 
 C. B. GARDNER, PRESIDENT AND GENERAL MANAGER. F. J. ROLLINS, SECRETARY AND TREASURER. 
 
 National Bell Telephone Comp'y 
 
 OF THE STATE OF MAINE, 
 
 22 1-2 Exchange Street, Portland, Me. 
 
 ThisOonipiiiiy having: establisheil 
 
 TELEPHONE EXCHANGES 
 
 in the principal cities and towns in the 
 State of Maine, is also prepared to sup- 
 ply instruments, wire, and all the re- 
 quisite appurtenances for private lines, 
 speaking-tube purposes and railroaduse. 
 Private linos lor business or social 
 purposes are ra[>idly increasing in this 
 State, and will be thoroughly built, kept 
 in flrst-class working order, and leased 
 by this Company for an annual rental. 
 
 Special rates will be made with manu- 
 lacturing companies and corporations. 
 
 The several Exchanges will, in time, 
 be connected with each other, and all of 
 them eventually with Boston. 
 
 Any information relating to this busi- 
 ness can readily be obtained by personal 
 or written application to this office. 
 
 C. B. GARDNER, 
 
 General Manager. 
 
 "^l^and scape ^ard^nQV^^^ 
 
 A.NU UKAI.KK L.N ALL KINIIS (IF 
 
 GREENHOUSE AND BEDDING-OUT PLANTS, TREES, 
 
 SHRUBS AND FLOWERING PLANTS. 
 Formerly Superintendent Evergreen Cemetery. 
 
fov 
 
 ^^^G\t0Mineraf^^^. 
 
 H 
 
 a 
 
 ^POBTLilND, Ml.^ 
 
 ijivly lU'cidpiital. 
 ing 
 
 free 
 
 iborhood 
 
 Thi' rliscovc'l'y (if the woiuicrful niccliiMiml inialitics of Ilic watei-s iif lliis Spring "us juirclv iiccirtpiit 
 III INSO the wife i)f the priiprietdi-. Mns. N. H. Noiii.K. nfHieled with ib^pepsiii. iliaiik l^rein the biibhli 
 spiiiiK fill- several ihiys with the most bem-thMal etl'eets. After years of siiireriii)! she is mow entirely fi 
 from that ilreadeii eoiiiplaiiit, thanks to this valuable mineral water. Many others in the neitfhborho 
 have sinee trii'd the water, anil ill every ease a eure has been etleeted. 
 
 Prof. F. L. BARTLETT, State Assayer, made a careful analysis 
 
 of water from this spring, and iu his report speaks as follows : 
 
 " This water contains all the valuable constituents of the famous 
 Saratoga Springs, without any of the objectionable ones, such as 
 the large excess of salt, etc." 
 
 This water is reeonimended a.-* ft sure enre for dyspepsia and Its attendant disordei's. It inviiromles the 
 system, eairies oir the humors of the lilood. ttiviiiK a healthy tone to the diKestlve orKans. eauses tlie seere- 
 tioiis to pirform their funetions retfularly. frees the kidney.s from all iiilliimmalion.Hiiil infuses new life into 
 the dull and ilespondent. It is a irreat appetizer, anil its strenirtheniiiK inlluenee is felt in all parts of the 
 .system. 
 
 This water will be delivered in an.\ pari ni the city and at the depots, at the following prieos; 
 
 Barrels off 40 Gallons, 
 Halff-Barrels off 20 Gallons, 
 
 $7.00. 
 4.00. 
 
 All iillotviiiK'f' ol' 7^1. ."Vlt lor Itiii-rflt*. iiiiil "Sl.'i^ lor lliilf-KtirrriM Mill Im' iiiiiilr t«lirn rr- 
 
 liiriK'd ill ifooil or«l4-r. 
 
 lOiirh ltiiri-4-l lifiM I'or ii ii-iKlr-iiiiii-lt a ml of Ihr Mpriiiic lloii«i«'. y«i|Ii Ihr wor«N. *' FOKlvM'l 
 
 I'lTl' .T|i:\i:iC %l' Ml*KI.><;. <\ \. I\ol»l<-. Attrnr.*' |ii-iiil<a ili«T4'oii. 
 
 \\\ orilfi-a |iroiti|illi iillriiflcil lo. 
 
 C. N. NOBLE, Agent. 
 
 >!<- 
 
-* 
 
 Thos. LaugMin&Son, 
 
 :^^^^^,^^^iShip Chandlery Hardware, 
 
 KAI.VAIVIXED OOOD!« au<l 
 TACKLiE BLOCK.**. 
 
 Z/ST OF OCR SPECIALTIES 
 ON APPLICATION. 
 
 Office and Salesroom, 
 
 Cor. Commercial I Centre Sts. 
 
 Mami factory, 
 18 AND 20 CENTRE STREET. 
 
 — ^JOHN B. REED,E^ 
 
 REAL ESTATE BROKER, 
 
 144 Exchange St., Portland, Me. 
 
 (Over Wilson's Tea Store.) 
 
 Bonds, Stocks, etc., bought and sold. Mortgages Negotiated, Notes Discounted. 
 House- Lots and Farms for sale and to let. 
 
 TENNEY & LEIOHTON, 
 
 Manufacturers of and Dealers in 
 
 Tin, Pressed and Japanned Ware, Oil Cans, 
 
 Ijiird Pails, Coal Hods, Knameled Hollow Ware, Spoons, Etc., 
 
 No. 202 FORE STREET, - - PORTLAND, ME . 
 
 '^^ ^^9" M"* "KS 1^7 j^ ■«-::- - w—w 
 
 JC • C3IO ^^» "^- J^l .M^L.s^9x:M.^ 
 
 FURNACES, RANGES, PARLOR I COOKING STOVES, 
 
 Ships' Cabooses. Tin, Sheet Iron, and Lead AVork at Sliort Xotice. 
 
 Nos. 172 CLThd 174: Fore. Street, Fortlctnd, Jle. 
 
 Established, 1849. 
 
 I_. "W. ATWOOD, Proprietor. 
 
 *- 
 
 ATWOOD'S OYSTER HOUSE, 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Dealer in OYSTERS. Restaurant in Connection. 
 
 Nos. 117, 119, 121 AND 123 CENTRE ST., PORTLAND, ME. 
 
The SCARBORO' MINERAL SPRING WATER. 
 
 The Wiitcrs of tliis Spriiij^ Iiavc been known to contain powerful medieal properties for more than eighty years 
 p.-i-st, by a number of the oldest inhabitants, now pa-^scd away. Persons fifty years ago, and more, would come on foot 
 from Portland once, and some ot thcin twice, a year, to drink from this Spring, and all said that it gave them new life. 
 Jonathan Morgan. Esq., was one ; I remember fiim well ; he used to say that it seemed that he could not live a whole 
 vear without <nie or more visits to the Spring, and who at those visits always predicted a great blessing t<) mankind. 
 YHE chalybeate springs i'le admirably adapti-d to those whose blood is pale, and whose constitutions arc more or 
 less broken by long continued Chronic Diseases. I'heir effect is often more satisfactory after a course of alterative 
 waters, and thev sliould generally be so used. The time of year at which a Mineral Spriny^ should be visited is also 
 a matter worthy of consideration, and should be determined for each Spring. It is generally supposed that the sum- 
 mer montlis increase the action of the mineral water by reducing the resisUtnce of the system to tneir influence. The 
 best season for most of the Sprints is fri>m Mav to September; for some, from June to August. Those who perspire 
 very freely will generally find the Spring and Autumn months to suit them best, especially if they lake a course of 
 batns, which is very urgently recommended. Some require two ccmrses a year, one in Mhv, another in August. THIS 
 SPRING WATER it* recouimendeil for the alleviRtion and cure of Bright's Ui^■ease, Kidney Complaint, 
 Retenliiin nf the I'rine, Gravel, Diseitse of the I'rinary Orj^ans, Gout, Droj)Sy, Liver Ctunplaint, Jaundice, Heart- 
 burn, I.ns> >>( Appetite, Incipient Indigestion, (ieneral Debility, Dyspepsia,' Bad Breath, Scrofula, Salt Rhenm. 
 Sterility, Loss of Vital Energy. Female AN'eaknfss, (.'"ii^tiiiiiliMii, Biliousness, Rheumatism, etc., etc. 
 
 ANALYSIS Boston, Oct. 6, 1876. 
 
 A. M. SYLVESTER, • #li«#lt ■ OIO> 
 
 Dear Sir: I have made a chemical analysis of the Spring Water recei\-ed from you 
 
 One United States gallon (iji cubic inches) contains 
 grains; Chloride of Sodium, 1.056 grains 
 Ui-Carbonate of Magnesia, .^;33 grains* '' 
 .yS4 grains. Total, ().iX)i grains. 
 
 It is remarkably free from organic matter, as there is no perceptible quantity present. The gases present are 
 principallv carbonic acid, with a little sulpliuretetl hydrogen. This is, therefore, aa Alkaline Chalybeate U'ater of un- 
 usual purity, and one that retains the iron in clear solution under ordinary exposure. Temperature. 45-' Fah. 
 
 Uesperttullv, S. DWA HAVES, State Assaver ttml C/temis/, Afuss. 
 
 LIST OF PRICES. 
 
 ith the following results: 
 — Sulphate of Potash, .S40 grains; Sulphate of^ Li 
 of Soda, i.a?! grains; Bi-Carbonate of Lime, 1.651 grains 
 
 Bi-Carbonate 
 Carbonate of Iron, i 539 grains; Alumina, trace: 
 
 Lime, -SiS 
 
 151 grains; 
 
 Silicic Acid in Solution, 
 
 WATER. 
 
 *er Bbl. at Spring $3-5o 
 
 Per Half Bbl. at Spring 3.00 
 
 ing, for five gals 15 
 
 PRICE OF BARRELS AND HALF BARRELS. 
 
 Barrels $2.00 
 
 Half Barrels 1.50 
 
 fugs and demij«>lins extrrt. 
 
 Per Gallon at Spring, _ 
 
 Per Gallon at Spring, five or less than five gals. ... 
 Agents will add cost of transp()rtation, trucking, etc, 
 This spring is for sale by 
 
 A. M. SYIiVKSTKH, Proprietor, S< AKBOKO', MAINE, 
 
 To -.'•horn till Orilifs lUiJ Inquiries should /•- 
 
 uliiressed. 
 
 Pikiio-forte>^.^Ofofaiis 
 
 TO SELL AND RENT, 
 ^^WM. P. HASTINGS\*-«- 
 
 144 1-2 Kxcliiiii«c street, - I»i.i-tlaii<l, Me. 
 
 IRA C. STOCKBRIDGE, 
 
 MUSIG FCBMSHER, 
 
 Whiilcsali' iiTiil Ki'iiiil Ilpftli'i- 111 
 Sheet Music, Musical Instruments. Music 
 Books, String-8, and Musical 
 Merchandise, 
 
 PIANOS, ORGANS, PIANO CLOTHS and STOOLS, 
 
 156 Exchange St., Portland, Me. 
 
 Orilcix hy Mail will ri-ri'ivc pioinin iitlinni.n, 
 dtttaluKiH'S st^nl Kn-c. 
 
 opHflnb ditg Bfih, 
 
 AN AFTERNOON PENNY DAILY. 
 
 No. 7 Exchange Street, - Up one Flight. 
 
 Established Oct. 6, 1879. 
 
 This papt-r is issued •■very afternoon at -i v. M.. and is 
 suhl tor < >.\K Ckst. i >\vin>f to it.s low price. It.s eireiila- 
 tion is laryre. which makes it an excellent aihiTtishiK 
 nHMlinni. 
 
 A well fitted up JOB OFFICE is connected 
 with the Paper. 
 
 JAMES BRADLEY, 
 
 •*ljlll'01^ilili^* 
 
 COMMISSION MERCHANT, 
 
 Distiller and Brewers' Agent, 
 
 No.91 Commercial Street. 
 
 PORTLAND, Me. 
 
^u»info« Jntrrrste of |)ortlanti. 
 
 MUJVD ^ 1 M A 
 
 A FIRST-CLASS 
 
 LITERARY WEEKLY. 
 
 Filled with Original Stories and Sketches, by the best writers; Poems, Essuys; Sketches of Travel and Adven. 
 
 ture; Reviews of and Extracts from New Books; Editorial Comments on Passing Events ; Letters 
 
 from Tourists; Foreign and Domestic News; State and City Items; Fun and 
 
 Sentiment ; Illustrated Rebuses ; Puzzles, Enigmas, Etc. : 
 
 Markets and Commercial Review; Marine List. 
 
 TERMS: 
 
 $2.50 per year. $2.00 if paid strictly in advance. 
 
 CLUBBING WITH OTHER PERIODICALS. 
 
 The Publishers of the Transcript have made arrangements with tlie leading >raga7.ines and other Periodi- 
 cals, by which they can furnish most of the reading matter desired, at rates much below those charged when not 
 taken in clubs with the Transcript. 
 
 All the leading English publications supplied. 
 
 Send for specimen copy of Portland Transcript. 
 
 For full particulars, address, 
 
 ELWELL, PICKARD & CO., 
 
 PORTLAND, ME. 
 
 ^TO a: 
 
 ,s«i- 
 
 The Transcript has a limited space devoted to advertisements, and its great circulation makes it the best 
 possible medium for business men desiring to attract attention. Its circulation surpasses that of any other paper, 
 daily or weekly, in the city, in the county', and in the State. 
 
 For further information and for terms, apply to the publishers, 
 
 ELWELL, PICKARD & CO,, 
 
 44 EXCHANGE STREET, PORTLAND, ME. 
 
 -* 
 
10 
 
 ^uoiiiroe rintrrroto of Vorttniiti. 
 
 -* 
 
 Agricultural Warehouse & Seed Store, 
 
 NO. 46 UNION STREET, PORTLAND, ME. 
 
 General Agents tor Most- 
 ley 's Cabinet Cieamcry,Stoil- 
 dard Churn, More's Pyra- 
 midal Strainer, Ash ton's Fac- 
 tory-Filled Sail, Kinerson's 
 Butter Coloring, Fyler 
 Chum, Perfect iMilk Tail, 
 Thomas' Smoothing Hari-<nv. 
 
 ) 
 
 Lamb's Hubber Bucket 
 Pump, American Fruit 
 Dryer, Wiard Chilled Plow, 
 Itliaea Horse Kake, Peerless 
 Washboard, Eureka Mowing 
 Machine, Lewis' Combina- 
 tion Force Pump, Little's 
 New Sheep Dip. 
 
 Agricultural Implements and Hardware. 
 
 IMFRQYID DAIRY APPARATUS. 
 
 FARM AND DAIRY SUPPLIES, WOODEN WARE, SEEDS, NOTIONS, ETC. 
 GEO. BLANCHARD & BRO. 
 
 Proprietors of Broadmoor Kiiriii, CniiibcrlaiKl Centre, Me., .lerseys, Berkshlres, Oxford 
 Downs, Fiincy Pyiiltry. 
 
 J, W. ROBINSON'S 
 
 I\'<'t« iiiitl Mplriiiliil 
 
 Livery, Hack and Boarding: 
 
 i'r.tjKJuii aaos. - CO. 
 
 85 and HT Oreoix Street, 
 
 Opponite Ciiy Hull Mcnica. 
 
 Office, 4 Green Street, Portland, Me, 
 
 l<nii<lniiM. 4'liir4'ii<-f'^. or lliM-liM I'iiiiiinIiimI lor 
 
 ■^■■urriil**, \\ ('(liliiiK*** I'lirlii'N, ICiiilroiiil-* 
 
 niitl Miniiiiboiil^ 111 Hhori !\oiif-4-. 
 
 PINE POINT HOUSE, 
 
 M, F. MILLIKEII, Proprielor, 
 
 The best lioatiii;;, IStitliinK mid KisJiins nl 
 I'ine Point. 
 
 ( ■hull Uakr< ;l S|M-ciillty. 
 
 TRANSIENT COMPANY CARED FOR 
 IN BEST MANNER. 
 
 Pine Point, on Boston & Maine R, R. 
 
 247 Federal St., Portland, Me. 
 
 -»-M:Rooms, $1.00 to $2.00 Per Day.$-<- 
 
 J. C. PERRY, Prop. 
 
 TIMMONS & HAWES, 
 
 119 Commercial St., Portland, 
 
 \ m; TH k 
 LARGEST SHIPPERS AND PLANTERS 
 
 OFOYSTERS IN MAINE. 
 
 -* 
 
1 1 
 
 ^ 
 
 MOTEL SUPPLIED 
 
 WHEELER, SWIFT & CO., 
 
 ;0IlimiS!5IOl|_ 
 
 \jllerdiaiite, 
 
 n'i.s)! til ai« till- attiH- PflRTF AND 
 
 turn of cimmmerx ti> ihrir r \J r\ I un. ^MJ , 
 
 CHICAGO DRE$!^ED BEEF! 
 
 This Beet now comes through from Chiciigo in four d:iys, 
 in the Improved "CHASE" cars, built especially f'lr 
 the transportation of Beef. It arrives thoroughly cool and 
 fresh, while at the same time it has sullicient age for im- 
 mediate consumption. 
 
 A full supply is alw.iy^ kept, at Uic 
 
 REFRIGERATOR, 
 
 AT THE 
 
 Head of Franklin Wharf, 
 
 And orders by Mail, Telegraph or Tele- 
 phone will receive prompt 
 attention. 
 
 B^Y VIEW H0U3E, 
 
 Peaks Island, 
 
 PORTLAND HARBOR, MAINE. 
 
 This p<)[Uilar Summer IIoluI is three miles from the 
 city of Portland, on one of the most beautiful of the three 
 lui'ndred and sixty-five Islands in Casco Bay. It offers 
 NUperioi* facililieH for Boating, Bathing and Deep Sea 
 Fishing. Rooms large, both in suites and single. Com- 
 munication witli the city every half-hour durmg the day, 
 making it one of the most attractive and dt-sirabie Sum- 
 mer Resorts on the coast of Maine. 
 
 JOHN T. STERLING & SON, Prop's. 
 All Letters of Inquiry promptly answered- 
 
 MOKTKEll*I©IISE, 
 
 PEAKS ISLAND. 
 
 One of the prettiest situations on tlie Island. 
 Good Kooins iinrt Board 
 
 at reasonable rates. 
 
 William S. Trefethen, Prop. 
 
 Al-i.. AN'lH.leMilc IXaUi in 
 
 HARPSWELL HOUSE, 
 
 One of the best Summer Hotels at 
 
 MARPSWELi. 
 A. J. MERRI3IAN, Prop'r. 
 
 Boats connect with all Trains and Steam- 
 ship Lines coming into Portland 
 direct to the Harpswell 
 House. 
 
 riNJi iQ)^T!]N)©:^FCSH()Nj(l. 
 
 Terms Reasonable, with good Rooms and 
 the best of Fare. 
 
 MERRICONEAG HOUSE, 
 
 gouth Harp^ViTcll, ?gainc. 
 The Finest Hotel at South Harpswell. 
 
 The House will reopen for the reception of guests June 
 15. iSSi. 
 
 It contains forty-four convenient, airy and well furnished 
 rooms, the windows of each affording a view in beauty and 
 grandeur unexcelled by any on the coast. The rooms are 
 large and airy, and arranged in suites for the a'ccommoda- 
 tion of famifies. Regular mails once a day. The tables 
 will be supplied with the best the market affords. F'iue 
 Drives nuil Wnlks, Batliius;, Pinhiujs, Boaliug, 
 OuHiiiug, Etc. 
 
 Harpswell lies pleasantly situated in Casco Bay, about 
 fifteen miles from Portland. It has daily commimication 
 with that city by the Steamer '• Henrietta," as well as with 
 Brunswick by stage. 
 
 For price of board, terms, etc., inquire of 
 
 A. E. PINKHAM, Proprietor. 
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE WHARF, 
 Portland, - - Maine. 
 
 Junes J^JoHse^ 
 
 JONES LANDING, 
 
 -Mc PEAKS ISLAND, ME.:(E<- 
 
 FiNE Rooms to Let. Best Location on 
 THE Island. 
 
 Transient Company will find the best ac- 
 oonimodations. 
 
 SARAH INNES. 
 
 CENTRAL COTTAGE, 
 
 PEAKS ISLAND, PORTLAND HARBOR. 
 
 This Cottage is pleasantly situated on the front of the 
 Island, in full view of the city of Portland and its mag- 
 niticent Harbor. Good facilities for Boating;. Battling 
 and Fisliing. 
 
 Simeon Skillings, Prop. 
 
 CHAS. P. BABCOCK, 
 
 DIES FOR iniNG AND RAISING. 
 
 Springs of all kinds, Models of Metal or Hard Kubher, 
 Light Machinery and Tools of every description, all kinds 
 f)f Liijht Jobhinii requiring: Firsl-Class Mechanii-al .Skill. 
 
 12(> KXCHANGE ST., PORTLAND, MK. 
 
 — * 
 
12 
 
 6u6inre« ^ntcrf^te of llortUnb. 
 
 A. BLOCKLINGER, 
 
 Maiuitiu-turer nf 
 
 Fine Hair Jewelry, Human Hair Goods, 
 
 !i'i7 CoiigCfH'* Mirret, Porllnnil, .Me., 
 
 -d store abuve Casro St. 
 4t«~Ilair of Dfceascil Kclatives :ind friends arrang^c-d artis- 
 tically in any design, in Frames, iMohes, Lockets, Pins, 
 etc., also, Inscriptions, Monoy^rams or Emblems in liair 
 tastefully arranged in preserved Funeral W'reatlis, at rea. 
 sonable jiriccs. Constantlv on hand or made to order, 
 
 HUMAN HAIR SWITCHES, 
 Pufts, Curls, Frizzes, Waves, Toi) Pieces for Old Ladies, 
 and all the latest Fashionable Novelties in Human Hair 
 (Jontis at vcr\' honest prices. Combings made into Switches 
 or Putls and warranted to give satisfaction. 
 
 G. D. ROBINSON, 
 
 Varieties ot H<i( imd ('cibl Meat Dishes lurnished tor 
 
 Dinner and KveniriK" Parties at reasonable notice. 
 
 Fniiry Mvvm in evi'rv shape and variety, for Dinner 
 
 and Evening Parties. 
 
 \l'e<l<liug C'nke nn*! Weildiiix BrenkfnMin. 
 
 Crockery and Silver Loaned. 
 
 Out of Town Orciers Solicited. 
 
 No. 619 CONGRESS STREET. 
 
 KAALUND & DESMOND, 
 
 FURNITURE MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 Hard Wood Finish for Houses after Desig-n. 
 
 Window Screens atid Doors made to ordrr 
 at short notice. 
 
 CARPENTERS' and BUILDERS' JOBBING 
 
 \\ill i)M'ci\c prrnnpt attcnti^m. 
 
 29 PLUM STREET, 
 
 PORTLAND, Mp 
 
 Fir-«l-clnMM \Y'ork n Npecinlly. 
 
 Prof. Drury. 
 
 Seproaloljogisl, 
 
 203 Middle Street, - Portland, Me. 
 
 Hinyrworin, Sycoris ot the Heard, and all diseaso 
 with i-oss ot hair a specialty. 
 
 I 
 
 SKILLINGS & MERRILL, 
 
 Flrst-cliis** I'nicticnl Mjiiiulact uiim'- and l>ciil'-rM in nil 
 kinds ol 
 
 Marble and Granite Work. 
 
 DesiRns and Rstiniatc^^ l-'nriiishcd and Kxecuted iit 
 <'heap Kates and In the Shortest I*os.sildc Tlnw. 
 
 DEERING'S BRIDGE, DEERING. ME., 
 
 Near foot of Green Street. 
 
 Emery & Furbish, 
 
 HEAD Union wharf. 
 
 J. A. Kmehy. 
 
 H. F. FfitmsH. 
 
 C' 
 
 usinessfiollegb 
 
 inBtitiition of H H thf kind 
 Thiirough in- ■ etru<'tl<>n in 
 
 (OoMeeDMi jmc'lLaw 
 
 LORING & GROSSMAN, 
 
 SLATE AND TIN ROOFERS, 
 
 No. 27 UNION STREET. 
 PQRTLAI^ID. 
 
 \^'<ioileu 4aiittt*i*M l.iiirtl with Tiii. Copprr or 
 
 Iron. 
 
 iM-iiky KooI'm iiinile TIkIiI. 
 
 W. H. ROUNDS. 
 
 •4grayon '^Portrait -^-j^^rti^t, 
 105 Oxford Street, Portland, Me. 
 
 I'iiliili- r,,|,i,,l l.ifi--Si/.i' 111 l.inv Kiltl-^. 
 
 c-^ WM. E. CARTER & CO., 
 5r#/^ Boats For Sale and To Let. 
 
 Row and Snil ItnatH tn lit \<y the hi>nr. day 
 or week. Kirsl-eliLKs lioats and Good l.iindinK', 
 No. 4 Portland PUt, Portland, Mo. 
 
 Dr. C. J. CHENEY, Surgeon Dentist. 
 
 2r>K Middle St .,0\erH. H. liays, Portland, Me. 
 
 j»^ All opti jlions in Dentistry pfrrornu-d at pricfs to 
 suit tlu liiMcs. and warranted tirst-rlass. Nitrous Oxide 
 tias and Ether Administered to extract teclli. 
 
 We have the most improved apparatus for the manufac- 
 
 tiire 
 
 1(1 iTi)l;ilatl..n r.f \*itr"ii^ Ovi.lr f. 
 
 S. D. MERRILL & CO.. 
 
 Plumbers and JTin Kcofcr.\ 
 
 Ami llnllirs In nil kiiKls ol i>l>iitil>iiiK .^InlrrinU, 
 31 TEMPLE STREET. 
 
 I ni-iwicM Conif Mw .ill. I K.diial, PORTLAND. 
 
 -* 
 
13 
 
 ^tt«turee ilntcrreto of yortliinti. 
 
 « 
 
 SWAN 
 BARRETT, 
 
 ■J '--^3^ 
 
 tH6 
 
 MIDDLE STREET, 
 
 P0I|TLAP, Me, 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 jSforks, IBonbs, 
 
 Government, State, (bounty. 
 
 City, Town iiiKl 
 
 Railroad 
 
 SEGEKITIES 
 
 And Bank Stocks. 
 
 DOMINION CURRENCY 
 
 AND OTHKJt 
 
 Bought AND Sold, 
 
 FRANCIS K SWAN. 
 
 RUFUS H HINKLEY 
 
 Woodbury 
 Moulton, 
 
 
 J. B. BROWN 
 k SONS, 
 
 lianftFFs, 
 
 CORNER 
 
 MIDDLE and EXCHANGE 
 
 STREETS, 
 
 PORTLAND, ME. 
 
 State, Municipal, and 
 Railroad Bonds Bought 
 and Sold. Investments 
 suitable for trust funds 
 constantly on hand. 
 
 Orders Executed at the 
 Boston Stock Exchange 
 for same rates of commis- 
 sion as charged by boston 
 Brokers. 
 
 Theo. C Woooburv, Wm. H. Moulton 
 (members boston stock exchange ) 
 
 loanfiers^ 
 
 ^wmr 
 
 218 
 
 Middle Street, 
 
 Portland, ^e. 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 FOREIGN and DOMINION 
 
 Foreign and Domestic 
 EXCHANGE. 
 
 S^S^S!^)-.-®!!^* 
 
 Transfers of Money by 
 Telegraph. 
 
 Travelers I'urniyhcti with Letters 
 of Credit and Bills of Exchange, 
 available in all the prineipal cities 
 of the United States and Kurope. 
 
 4< 
 
14 
 ^ui\nt6« 3ntrrc6t9 of VortlnnJ*. 
 
 -* 
 
 G- J^. ^vVESTOZST &; CO., 
 
 Wholesale Grocers, Flour and Produce Dealers, 
 
 43 FREE MT., PORTLAND, ME. 
 
 C. A. WkSTON. E. I.. HlMllSSIIN. 
 
 ROW BOATS. 
 
 hint Models, Light W tights, and Stylish Build, for 
 salf. Also, BALED HAV AND STRAW, at 
 
 J. S. ROBERTS', 
 
 No. 6 Union Street, Portland, Me. 
 
 F. A. LEAVITT, 
 
 M-tHiiJa'tiirrr of 
 
 Tents, A\viiiii!j;s, Flasks, Yacht Sails, 
 
 I'.\TKNT Hammocks, Canvas Covers, Etc., 
 49',i E.XCHANCJE STREET, PORTI.A.'VD. 
 
 TKXT.S TO LET. 
 
 MRS. S. A. ULMER, 
 
 WEDDING (AKK, AND ICE CHEAM, Specialties 
 662 Congress St.. Portland. 
 
 WM. HENNESSY & CO., 
 
 M.inuLii lin, 1-^ ol .ill kiii.K '.r 
 
 CUSTOM HARNESS & WOOL HORSE COLLARS, 
 
 Dealers ill Hiding .Saddles and Horse Oiiltil.'. 
 
 113 CENTRE ST., bn. i-Vco i-ronsres-s Pts..PORTLANO. 
 
 WILLIAM S. BANKS. 
 
 GEO. E. SICILXjIISr, 
 
 Wliolesale and Retail Dealer in 
 
 PICTURES, FRAMES. ETC., 
 
 •i-m Feilrrul Ml., PoiiIhiiiI. Kir. 
 
 ALBERT GHASE, 
 
 Manut'arturcr of 
 
 c'l'-iiic ^actiacjC,-" .,„> Sl'cicjfuv, 
 
 30 PREBLE ST.. PORTLAND. 
 
 J. HI. BOlsTID & CO., 
 
 Plumbers and Tin Hoofers. 
 
 PuMiiis. Watpr Closel.s. Until i'lll^. Wasli liowls. :in>l 
 
 all kinds of Water Fi.\tures, for PiiVilk- or Private 
 
 Houses, set up in the liest Manner. 
 
 No. 204 KK1)KR.\I> STKKKT. 
 
 MRS. JANE A. DAM, 
 
 MANUFACTURER OF LADIES' HAIR WORK, 
 
 I uil^, Hands, I'riziMK's and InvisiUle Seams. > - 
 
 sliinllj' on liand and Made to Order. 
 
 No. 2, Under U. S. Hotel. Portland. Me. 
 
 CHARLES T. SHAW, 
 
 'rUnm^fhoiit Portland and Virinity. 
 
 47 Market St., Cor. Congress, Portland. 
 
 arwactj? 
 
 Junction Congress and Free Streets, 
 PORTLAND, ME. 
 
 Boarding at Reasonable Bates, 
 
 AT 65 COMMERCIAL STREET, 
 
 F. J. MULLER. 
 
 ALSO FINE CIOAHS AND TOBACCO. 
 
 FRED. BROMBY, 
 
 D.iil.r ill :ill kin. I m 
 
 SIMGIJ\'G and FJMCY 'BI'U'DS, 
 
 Ca^es, Moiking Itird Food, Bird Seed, El,., 
 MTORE,400 C'OIVtiREHH NT., Porllnud, mr. 
 
 iJiili-is liv Mall or Kx|iri-ss I'lomplly Killed. 
 
 J. r. SjUlTH, J 
 
 Hair ("uttinsr. Wis:: Miikiusr and l.ia(lies' 
 Hair Work. 
 
 271^ MIDDLE ST., PORTLAND. 
 
 F. W. JJe-cLrbt>r'/i , 
 
 DKAI.KI) IN 
 
 FINE BOOTS AND SHOES. 
 
 and ^romftly don, . 
 
 .SHI Conirrpss Streel. Portland. .Me. 
 
 UK w.v.n IV 
 
 New t Second-Hand Furniture, 
 
 C:iriutv, St.ivrs. Ci"(kiTv, tfla^v, 'I'in ami Wim.iU-m WiiTf. 
 
 Cor. Market* Federal Sts., Portland, Me. 
 
 Ciish i»Mi'l ti>r nil kinds sifoiid Imiid K"Mi.|- in ilii- iim 
 
* 
 
 PUBLICATIONS 
 
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 J. A. & R. A. REID, Providence, R. I. 
 
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 T LLUSTRATED NEW BEDFORD, MARTHA'S VINEYARD & NANTUCKET. 
 With Maps of the two Islands, andanew Street Directory and Map 
 
 of Cottage City. By Re\-. F. Denison, A. M. Large octavo; 80 pagres. In cardbonrj cover, 
 tinted paper. Price, 30 cents.- Tliis lioolc is a delig-htf ul and convenient companion for the vis- 
 itor to these fanions resorts, and a ctiarming souvenir. 
 
 T 
 
 HE SWITZERLAND OF AMERICA. 
 
 A Complete Guide to the White Mountains and other New Hamp- 
 shire scenery. With a chiiiitcr on Montreal ami (Quebec. By W.C.Gage. IlUistrated. l~ino. 
 123 pages. Paper cover. I'licc, :.*."» rents. 
 " This little book of 122 pages is a roinplctc guide-book to the White Mountains and the surrounding 
 country, while the various routes of travel by which it is reached are fully described. Visitors to this 
 romantic locality will find this book a \ery acceptable companion and guide. It can be obtained of the 
 newsdealers for 25 CGX\ts."~Pnjtla)t(i Araus. 
 
 A 
 
 SHORT HISTORY OF RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 By George Washington Greene, LL. D., Author of the Life of Major 
 
 General Greene. 12nio. Fine cloth. .'Jt<ti pages. Price. $2.00. 
 
 " Mr. Gkefne's htness to write a history of Rhode Island is one of those facts which one recognizes 
 with a sense of personal advantage too rarely felt in a world where, at best, the right man so often sets 
 about the wrong wovk/'—Atlant iv MonOily. 
 
 " The work bears throughout the impress of the writer's vigorous mind, is enriched by numerous 
 original and suggestive retleetions, and presents a variety of lucid and picturesque sketches, in his pecu- 
 liar, felicitous style of composition."— iv. 1*. Trihiuu-. 
 
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 ESTERLY (R. I.), AND ITS WITNESSES, 
 
 For Two Hundred and Fifty Years. Including Charlestown, Hopkhi- 
 
 ton and Kichniond, until their separate organization, with the principal pointsof their subse- 
 quent historv. Bv Kev. F. Denison, .i. M. Octavo. 314 pages. Fine cloth. Price, Si.oO. Full 
 Morocco. S5.tW. 
 •* One of the richest and best of the town histories. ... It is brimfull of Indian traditions, and 
 
 hits of racy local history, taken down from the lips of old people, without in any respect lacking in the 
 
 essential historical and statistical qualitii-s of such a work."— iV. Y. Times. 
 
 N 
 
 EWPORT. THE "CITY BY THE SEA.' 
 
 Fully Illustrated, and containing a new and valuable Map and Street 
 
 Directory. By J. H. Bowditih. Umo. Paper cover. Price, 25 cents. This is a very con- 
 venient and ready-reference pocket-guide to this most celebrated of all American wa'terins' 
 places. 
 "The neatest and most useful Newport giiide-tiook ever presented to tlic piihlic."- TJiw'w; .s'limfni/ 
 HrrahL 
 
 T 
 
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 HE STORY OF THE MOl^N'!' HOPE LANDS. 
 
 The History of the Town of Bristol, R. I., from the Visit of the 
 
 Northmen to the Present Time. < 'ontaininy accounts of tlie Indian Wars, the Character and 
 Lives of the Eai-I>- Settlers, the e\ents of the Revolution, the Privateers of the War of lsl:i. 
 Details of the ('(Hiinni-ce of the Port, and Sketches of its Disting-iiished Men. By Wilfukd 
 H. MUNRO. Illustratrd. Octavo. About 3,">0 pages. Fine Cloth. Price, Sa.OO per coi)y. Kull 
 Sheep, $4.50. Full -Morocco, $.5.50. 
 
 A. &: R. A. REID'S RAILROAD TIME-TABLES 
 
 And Handy Reference-Book for Rhode Island Cities and Towns. 
 
 Monthly. Paper cover. 120 pages. Per year, delivered to subscribers, $1.. 'SO. Single copies, 
 1.5 cents. O. H. Biuor.s, Editor. Fourth year. 
 
 .\ny one of these liooks will be sent post-paid on receipt of the price, by 
 
 J. A. & R. A. REID, Publishers, 
 
 56 WEYBOSSET ST., PROVIDENCE, R. I. 
 
*- 
 
 16 
 
 iJoeton ^ueinroe ijouere. 
 
 wmixm33ZB^'mm 
 
 KtiTAliLISHED TWr.. 
 
 George H. Morrill & Co, 
 
 MANUFACT'URERS 1>K 
 
 Printing and Lithographic 
 
 INKS. 
 
 ruiN< ii'A I. (ikkh I. : 
 
 30 Hawley St., Boston. 
 
 M'orkH, Norwood, iHnnM. 
 
 BOSTON 
 
 Type Foundry. 
 
 Oldest in New England. 
 
 .lOHN K. ROGERS, AGENT. 
 
 104 Milk Street, 
 
 BOSTO?f, MASS. 
 
 GUNN, BLISS & CURTIS, 
 
 30 HAWLEY STHEKT, 
 
 BOSTOISr, 
 
 Mercantile, Book f Job 
 
 PRINTERS. 
 
 ALSO, 
 
 COLORED AND VARNISHED LABELS 
 and Show Cards a Specialty. 
 
 C. W^. CALKINS, M. D., 
 
 FORMERLY OF PLEASANT STREET, 
 HAS REMOVED TO 
 
 No. 1498 Washington Street, 
 
 Corner, of East Canton Street, 
 BOSTOISr. 
 
 SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO 
 
 Diseases of Women # Children. 
 
 Patients from out of town can be provided with good accom- 
 modations, if desired, while under treatment. 
 
 AA\ Coniinnnications Strictly C Confidential. 
 
FROST & ADAMS, 
 
 Importers and Dealers in 
 
 WpM%' iiaJ^Fnials, 
 
 OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 
 
 WINSOR & NEWTON'S CELEBRATED OIL COLORS, WATER COLORS, 
 CANVAS, MILL BOARDS, ACADEMY BOARDS, BRUSHES, OILS, 
 VARNISHES, ETC., constantly on hand as specialties. 
 
 •Ifacroix'd tJEineral -If olord and -ipateriald 
 
 FOR CHINA PAINTING. 
 
 Tiles, Plaques and Vases, in various forms, and 
 
 MANY other articles FOR DECORATING. 
 
 F. S. FROST, 
 
 H. A. LAWKENCE, 
 
 F. J. POPE. 
 
 (!^riifll for ('ninlogue.) 
 
 CROCKER WATER FILTER 
 
 PATENTED JUNE 29. I860. 
 AN ABSOLUTE NECESSITY FOR HOUSEHOLD USE, IN THREE SIZES. 
 
 ^ FOR STEAM BOILERS AND MANUFACTURING PURPOSES. 
 
 INSSIZES.FURNISHINC FROM 1000 TO aOOOOCALS'WATER.PEBlHOUR. 
 
 CROCKER FILTER COMPANYi 
 
 No. I5PTREMONT STREET, FACTORY. No. 17* HIGH STREET. 
 
 company's OFFICE. 35 MILK ST., BOSTON, MASS. 
 
 or 
 
 mmit^^' 
 
 BOSTON, MitSS. 
 
 *- 
 
 J. H. Osgood & Co, 
 
 1^ 
 
 ^^^c 
 
 -S /^a 4 
 
 -* 
 
'^v^^'^J^'*-'^^^ ^^^ BEDFORD. MARTHAS VINEYARD and NANTUCKET.^ 
 " "•*,''"«•" "f "»• '•'"<• l»lnii.l», a .V,w Sir, ,1 Hi, .-.l. i,v un.l Ma|. ,,1 ih,- Cuili",. lii v Hv H-v 
 1'. 1)i.;ms„n, a. .M 1.u,.b.. M.tavu: 8(1 ,,„k.--.s. Im ..i,v1 covct, yo Jrms. \ dT- i'. iVul " 
 (■(Mii|«in...ii l„r the visitor In tlu-sc lumoiis rt-so.ts. and a flianniriir s ,uv • h 
 f-i-iit (.11 iLC-.ipt .if piicc, hy .1. A. A: li. A. KEID, PmviiU-nce, It. I. 
 
 A SHORT HISTORY OF RHODE ISLAND. By Geo. Washington Greene, > 
 
 I.I.. II.. Aiilli.ir .il 111.- I,ii,-,,r \r:i.ii.i-i;.-iii-r.il Cir.'iif. I^'iiici. l''iii.'Cli>ili. :isi; imtri'S, 
 
 I'll.-.-. Si.OO. .-^, nl .111 i.-..'i|il nl |.ii..-. I.v .l..\..\: li. .\ . Iii:i 1 1, 
 
 ri(.i\ im:M i:. K.I. 
 
ALL TOUKISTS Visiting the WHITE MOUNTAINS should procure a Copy 
 
 of the 
 
 ^*" SWITZERLAND OF AMERICA. "*<- 
 
 St'C linttom (if tills |i;li!<_'. 
 
 WORCESTER, MASS. 
 
 W. LSHEPARD, - - Proprietor 
 
 This House has been thoroughly repaired and renovated, 
 and will be kept strk'tly 
 
 'jr}^ First-Class in Every Respect. 
 
 T/ie Only First-Class Holel in the City. 
 
 y-^K- 
 
 \ 
 
 
 FORT POINT HOUSE, 
 
 STOCKTON, Maine. 
 
 THE FINEST SUMMER HOTEL 
 
 On the Coast of Maine. 
 
 A Fine Orchestra in Attendance. 
 
 -5- Forty Acres of Grounds. -?- 
 
 Kor further particulars address, 
 
 FORT POINT HOUSE, 
 
 STOCKTON, Maine. 
 
 -^^^- 
 
 
 •^' ■ '/;-T';j.i/';;- v-',o.;;v^mm»Aji^k-v-TO.-vvi. 
 
 "^F^^^^^^ 
 
 
 
 rMi i-^'rfe^^^'^/^ 
 
 ^^^^^-jy'jdW ,-y. J — t' 
 
 /-A^j-g^v ^ra 
 
 1- >^'^j;l ft t 'n/ 
 
 
 
 ^jSj^ziT^iir^^sra 
 
 
 
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 ^4>.:^<x^ 
 
 ^^ :- Sf 
 
 '.s<y" 
 
 "fl 
 
 
 
 
 '"^'..^'4 
 
 °^, '. 
 
 ^^ 
 
 % 
 
 
 ■'<r % 
 
 THE SWITZERLAND OF AMERICA. A Complete Guide to the White Moun- 
 tains and ttther New llunipshire Sconeiw. With a fhaptci- on Montreal and Quelier. 
 Illustrated. Price, 'i.5 C'enlo. Sent on reecipt of price, by .). A. k K. A. 
 KKIH, Puljlishers, Puoviuknce, \i. I. 
 
4. M M >€ M M MMM'P'4^>€M'H_ 
 
 t 
 
 ^^m 
 
 i 
 I 
 
 
 %*< 
 
 ARMON, 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 Paper Hangings and School Booh, 
 
 Wholesale and Retail. 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF BLANK BOOKS, 
 
 For Bunks. Insurance Companies, Corporations, Etc. 
 
 I Dealei\s \\ New and Second-Hand LAW BOOKS. 
 
 Agency for Rogers' Celebrated Gronps. 
 Under Falmoutli Hotel, Portland, Me. 
 
 W4m*9«i*mMWW¥4i, 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 r 
 
 
 ^^^^SsMi 
 
 J^ i 
 
 roK^c 
 
 »Jgg@T<^ig=JL,q 
 
 M ortMlOgcle nsburgR.R. 
 
 ^^ The Popular Route 
 
 ' ' Through the Notch, " to aii White Mountain Resorts. | 
 
 THE SEOETEST IIM 
 
 From Portland to all poinls In Xorrlicrn New Hampshire and Vermont. Daily Trains through, pRJf 
 via St. .lohnslMirv, Vt.. to Montreal and I'aniidian points: also, via SwantoD, Vt., g^4 
 
 to Oifdensburit. N. Y., and Ilie West. Coimeelions in Portland w lili 
 all lines to and from the East and South. 
 
 GENERAL OFFICES AT PORTLAND, ME. 
 
 J. HAMILTON, Supt. 
 
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