,0 -"^ * O « ' .-P,^ :^>' •J' -3 % ^O 'S <*'^ .■'''' !*^ « , 1 " A^ <^ * o « o .V .4 o. V v> ^.5iv\!L.^ *>t ^^"^ ^^ ^°'^^,.. ■--. M^" o o •^n ° -^" ^^-^^ ^. <^, ^^' > , % ■Sv/^ At 2 \-^ >>''^rl '^ ..^^ ■lV mf/y. <. 'o-'^^ ,0^ '^ N ^ ^^, ^^ «^i#& '^JC\)^- ^oV^ '^-^'- '^. c:^ ^V ^^ < '■> ^'' "^ °^^*" .> ^>. 'o . . " ,G ^ ''y^% HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA, BIOGRAPHICAL SELECTIONS. " 1 hear the trtad of pioneers * -t * * * The first low wash of waves, where soon Shall roll a mighty sea." — A nonyiiwus. By H. C BRADSBY, al.thor of the "history of arkansas," "battle of gettys- burg," "history of illinois," and the compiler of divers local histories in illinois, missouri, indiana and pennsylvania. ILLUSTRATED. CHICAGO; S. B. NELSON .^' CO., PUBLISHERS, 1891. DONOHUE & HENNEBERRY, Printers and Binders, 407 TO 425 Dearborn St., Chicago. PKEFACE. SOME distinguished pundit has remarked that the nation whicli best knows its own history is sure to be made up of the best type of patriots, and the chances are of the highest quality of civil- ization. If the reader and the writer are agreed on this philosopher's conclusions, then this page need hardly try to do more than simply say: "Here it is — make the most of it." The attempt has here been made mostly to preserve facts, recorded and otherwise, that may be excellent material for the historian, who, let us hops, will some day come and tell it in form and manner worthy of the great theme. This is simply saying that no true history is written by the contemporaries of the great eras of a nation's story, and therefore no attempt here is made at history save that of a period three-quarters of a century ago, and the earlier day movements of men that cluster around the ])ioneers, the Revolution and the early civil history of the formation of the County. If the attempt has been at all successful, then the possessor of this volume may know tliat he has both a book for future reference as well as one that tells of tlie inner movements of his ancestors — that forlorn hope " Who were the tirst Tliiit ever burst luto tliat silent sea." Part I, deals mostly with the past, thougli bringing the official and social records down to the present hour, yet so far as there is any attempt to discover the secrets of the movements of men's minds as a society, it will be found in this division of the volume. Part II. presents an immense array of facts concerning nearly every prominent family in the county, both the living and their departed ancestors. PREFACE. Thus the two are companion pieces, as it were, and as a whole represent something of a vast number of the most prominent people in the eventful story that founded this little empire within our great empire, as well as those who are to day the brawn and brain that are so busy building upon the enduring foundations laid by the immortal conquerors of a continent and the destroyers of tyrants. One thing is quite certain : Time will add infinite value to this book even if by any lightly estimated now. The consciousness of this fact will rob the sting of any ruthless attack that may be made upon it. While it is customary in works of this kind to make of the "preface " mostly a means of returning thanks for special favors in aiding and encouraging the enterprise to specified parties; while the sincere thanks are here given, yet so many are entitled to mention that to name all or a greater part is simply impossible, therefore to the good people of Bradford county, one and all, for your considerate aid and repeated kindnesses, thanks — ten thousand thanks. THE AUTHOR conte:rts. PAET I. CHAPTER I. GEOLOGY. Page. A Lnnd of Farmers, "Where Every Man Should Know Local Geology— The Forma- tions—The Valuiihle Chemung Rock— Etc 19-27 CHAPTER II. INDIANS. They are Fading Away— Petritied Intellectually — Coureurs des Bois— The Villages and Shacks in Bradford County— The Doors of the Six Nations— Moravian Missionaries — Trails— Pol3^gamy — Cannibals — Canoes — Wards of the Nation — Treatment by the Government— Etc 27-39 CHAPTER III. MISSIONARIES AND TRADERS. The First Wliite Men Here— Coureurs des Bois— Hunters— The Moravian Mission- aries—Etc 39-44 CHAPTER IV. THE PIONEERS. A Comparative Study— " The Simple Annals" of the World's Remarkable Men— The Hard Schools of Fate that Produced Them— The Silent INIen of the Wilder- ness—Their Work— The Splendid Results and the Paucity of Resources at their Command— The j\Ien Who Made Emigration a Science and Built an Empire Founded on the Bible— The Siixon and the Gaul— The Fur Trade— Tlie Cour- eurs des Bois— Etc 44-53 CHAPTER V. EARLY SETTLERS, To the Commencement of the Revolution— During the War the Country Aban- doned by the Whites— Marauding Indians— Fox and Shufelt, the First Set- tlers — List of Those Following Them— First of the Susquehanna Company — The First Discoverers Unknown— Appearance of the Country — A Boy and Leatber Breeches— Etc 53- C9 VI CONTENTS. CHAPTER VI. the log cabin. Page. The First Brush Cabins — The Improved Ones — Etc 69- 79 CHAPTER VII. THE REVOLUTION. Mankidd's First Attack upon King Fetich — War Meeting, 1774 — "Whigs and Tories- Three Companies Sent to the Field — Prominent Men — Rudolph Fox Captured — Battles in Bradford County — Wyoming Battle, and Near Wj^alusing — Captives Escape — Sullivan's Expedition — Col. Franklin, Samuel Gore, Maj. Flower and Others-Etc 79-111 CHAPTER VIII. THE SEVENTEEN TOWNSHIPS. John Winthrop, under Whom was the Beginning of Great Things — The First and the Second Pennamite and Yankee Wars — Attempt to Form a New State 111-148 CHAPTER IX. GLEANINGS OF THE EARLY TIMES. What the First Newspaper Tells Us— The Bradford Gazette— Much Real Early History Gleaned — Sparse in Editorials, but Rich in History — Every Item Inter- esting—Etc 148-189 CHAPTER X. PROGRESS IN CIVIL ORGANIZATION. When this was Montgomery County, Connecticut — A Part of the Seventeen Town- ships — The Two Original Townships Along the River made Three, Four, Etc. — Bradford County Formed as Ontario County — Changed to Bradford — Its organ- ization and Civil Progress — Contestants for County Seat — Original Townships and Election Districts— Petitions for New County — To be called Hiram— Others wanted It called Loraine — Nonst-use of Hunting for Indian Names for Places — A Possible Vision, Standing on Table Rock — Amusing Gerrymander — Etc. 189-204 CHAPTER XI. Mail Routes and Postoffices— First Mails Carried on Foot as There were no Roads for Other Travel— First Mail Coaches by Conrad Teter— Navigating the Susque- hanna— Present Postoilices— The Old Berwick Toll Road— Etc 207-219 CHAPTER XII. WARS AND RUMORS. The War Fever of 1799— War of 1812-15— Mexican War— Civil War 1861--65— Bradford's Part Therein— Companies and Regiments— Bounties Given by the County- Militia of 1862— Emergency Men, 1863 220-249 CONTENTS. Vn CHAPTER XIII. INTELLECTUAL PROGRESS IN THE COUNTY. Page. Introductory — Republican-Federalists and Republican-Democrats — Political Ques- tions — Newspaper and Other Advancements— Miscellaneous 249-271 CHAPTER XIV. BRADFORD COUNTY CIVIL LIST. Past and Present State Officials— Past and Present County Officials 271-280 CHAPTER XV. POLITICAL. First Meetings and Elections — Why Federalists — Jefferson and Hamilton— Land Question — First Two Voting Districts — Federal and Whig Parties Overthrown — Old Labor Party — Lincoln, Douglas and Trumbull, an Episode — Election Returns to Date— Etc 280-301 CHAPTER XVI, EMINENT PEOPLE. David Wilmot — Chief Justice Mevcur — Patil Dudley Morrow — Burr Ridgeway — E. O'Meara Goodrich 302-317 CHAPTER XVII. ATTORNEYS. The First in the County — Story of A. C. Stewart — List, with Time of Coining — List of Present Attorneys— Etc 317-324 CHAPTER XVIII. PHYSICIANS. Early Practice of Medicine — The Old-Time Heroics— The Ancient Hoodoo, Charms, Blood-Letting and Hot Water — Calomel and Salivation — License to Practice — Homeopathy — Medical Society — Present Officers- List of Registered Practi- tioners—Etc , 324-330 CHAPTER XIX. NEWSPAPERS. Introductory— The Argus— The Reporter-Journal— The Republican and other prominent Journals and Journalists in Bradford Cotmty 330-340 CHAPTER XX. SCHOOLS. Some of the First — Academies — Hypatia — Miss Westover — Susquehanna Collegiate Institute— Public Schools Established— Number of Schools and Cost— Etc. 340-351 Vlll CONTENTS. CHAPTER XXI. churches. Page. liaptists — Presbyterians — Methodists — Episcopalians — Disciple Church — Universal- ists — Catholic and Other Churches in the County — Early Preachers, Etc. — Miscellaneous 351-3G6 CHAPTER XXII. SOCIETIES. Commencing Back in the Other Century — Rapid Increase in the Last Few Years — Etc 869-382 CHAPTER XXIII. STATISTICS AND MISCELLANEA. List of Taxables by Districts— Census Statistics Including Population — Miscella- neous 382-388 CHAPTER XXIV. Albany Township 388-389 CHAPTER XXV. Armenia Township — Alba Borough 389-391 CHAPTER XXVI. Asylum Township , 391-393 CHAPTER XXVII. Athens Township — Athens, Sayre and South Waverly Boroughs 394-431 CHAPTER XXVIII. Barclay Township 432-432 CHAPTER XXIX. Burlington Township — Burlington Borough. 438-441 CHAPTER XXX. Canton Township — Canton Borough 442-453 CHAPTER XXXI. Columbia Townshi[)— Syl vania Borough 453-459 CHAPTER XXXII. Franklin Township 459-460 CHAPTER XXXIII. Granville Township 460-463 OONTKNTS. IX CHAPTER XXXIV. Page. Honick Townshij) 4«;3-464 CHAPTER XXXV. LeRoy Township 465-460 CHAPTER XXXVI. Litohlicld Townslilp 467-468 CHAPTER XXXVII. Monroe Townsliip — JMonroe Borough 468-472 CHAPTER XXXVIII. Orwell Township. 473-478 CHAPTER XXXIX. Overton Township 478-479 CHAPTER XL. Pike Township— LeRaysville Borough 479-482 CHAPTER XLI. Ridgebury Townshiji 482-483 CHAPTER XLII. Rome Township — Rome Borough 483-485 CHAPTER XLIII. Sheshequin Township 485-487 CHAPTER XLIV. Smitlifield Township 488-489 CHAPTER XLV. South Creek Township 490-490 CHAPTER XL VI. Springiield Township 491-492 CHAPTER XLVII. Standing Stone Township 495-495 CHAPTER XL VIII. Terry Township 496-497 CHAPTER XLIX. The Towandas— Townships and Boroughs 497-531 X CONTENTS. CHAPTER L. Page. Troy Township— Troy Borough 532-538 CHAPTER LI. Tuscarora Township 539-541 CHAPTER lill. Ulster Township . .541-544 CHAPTER lilll. Warren Township 544-546 CHAPTER LIV. Wells Township 546-551 CHAPTER LV. West Bnrliugton Township 551-551 CHAPTER LVI. Wilmot Township 552-555 CHAPTER LVII. Windham Township 556-559 CHAPTER LVIII. Wyalusing Townsliip— Wyalusing Borough 559-576 CHAPTER LIX. Wysox Township 576-578 PAKT II. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Biographical Sketches in Alphabetical Order 581-1306 r®ee ® :~~~^ '»^ CONTENTS. XI MISCELLANEOUS. rOUTRAITS. ' Ayres, E. J 315 ^ Avery, Cyrus 325 ^ Black, J. H .....331 V Bronson. S. N 349 ♦ Bosworth, J. F .185 - Bostwick, Dimon 155 A Chubbiick, O. J 125 A Colt, Rev. Samuel F., M. D 145 1' Codding, John A 115 ^Corss, Charles C 205 : Craft, Rev. David 313 ^ Culver, L. J 245 ^ Detrick, Harrison 52fl / Fell, U. M 367 '' Gillette, John F 255 Hull, Charles T 385 'Kilmer, George W 235 i Lauing, Robert H 195 Lyon, Samuel 475 , Madill. H. J 135 ^ Morrow, P. D 45 Page. "'Moody, U 421 ^'Nichols, J. W 457 "Noble, A. C 439 Noble, George W 440 Overton, E 95 * Overton, Edward, Sr 35 "^Peck, Benjamin M 75 iPratt, D. S., M. D 55 ^Powell, Joseph 105 ''Piollet, V. E 65 ^Russell, C. S 85 Shumway, William 295 ' Satterlee, J. F 175 Squires, P. S. 403 rShepard, S. W. , M . I) 166 <- Shepard, Silas E 165 Spencer, E. C 493 Taylor, L, D 375 •Vandyke, G. H 265 ' Varney , Ira 511 Walker, Z. F 285 Map of Bradford County 14 and 15 Index, Pavt I., History 1307-1311 Index, Part IL, Biographies 1311-1330 V BRADFORD CO. PFNN ■S' IT L L PART I. History of Bradford County, PENNSYLVANIA. BRADFORD COUNTY. CHAPTER I. GEOLOGY. A Land of Farmers, Where Every Man Should Know Local Geology — The Formations — The Valuable Chemung Rock — Etc. BRADFORD COUNTY is of itself a little agricultural empire; as beautiful as a painting in her landscapes, and is compara- tivelv rich in all those things that contribute toward the highest and best civilization. Within her borders are 59,095 people, and a larger part of the Avealth of the population is in the 6,160 farms which they own and cultivate. Its location on the map, its soils and waters, have deter- mined its place as the favored home of the agriculturist. The num- bers of the farms indicate the distribution of these rich acres. There are no powerful land barons here with their swarms of attendant serfs and poverty. Her wealth is great, but it is distributed— the happiest possible condition for man. There is no great city within its borders — boroughs and villages only. Hence, instead of tenement houses, deep cellars, noisome purlieus that mar all great cities, here are small, neat, well-kept farms, clear skies, pure air, crystal waters, happy homes, universal plenty and content. Here are sweet valleys and the sun-kissed old hills — -the sacred graves of th.e departed, the restful, happy trysting places of their children's children. The neat and well- built boroughs and villages are but quiet and orderly places of exchange in supplying the varied wants of a favored people. Here is every com- fort and every reasimable luxury side by side with generous industry and a healthy frugality. While an agricultural county, it is dotted here and there with its necessary mills and factories. Outside the borough of Towanda there are 330 manufactui'es, and in the county seat are the nail and iron works, the shoe factory, the toy works, Daj^ton's flouring mill, two foundries and machine shops, a furniture factory, and many small concerns, all contributing to not only the varied employments of the people, but their real and general comfort. A lovely and favored land, indeed! What a haven it presents for the worn and weary who have long struggled for life and air and sun- shine in the roar and filth of the world's great cities. The gaunt pau- 3 20 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. per, with outstretched hands, begging for bread or medicine, is not here, nor is the rich miser relentlessly coining his heaped-up gold of the tears and the groans of his unpitied victims. Remorseless greed, and that other monster in society, far worse than the miser's cruelest infliction, are practically strangers to the good people of Bradford county. Health, virtue, intelligence and happiness come best to the world amid just such conditions as these. Many a bright young man of the county, fired with ambition to quick wealth or fame, has left his old Bradford home and gone to the great city, and has either regretted the change all his life, or returned and never tired of telling of his joy and happiness in so doing. "Is life worth living? " is not a vexed question here — may it never come to a living soul. The children of the land should be compelled to learn much of the geology of their particular sections. Here is the startmg-point of practi'cal knowledge — the powerful factor in good morals, good relig- ion and intelligence. The average of the schools are too much a mere struggle to advance the grades, heedless of the fundamentals of education; of the starting-points in life, of the groundwork of all intelligence, and the thorough intrenching the child's mind in these. The rudiments of education sliould be as thorough as, in all true edu- cation, they are practical. Any good farmer is a tolerably well-informed geologist. He will succeed in the business beyond his neighbors, much in proportion to his superiority in this respect. He has benefited by experience, and knows in that way the soil he cultivates. He knows certain ones, and comes to know that certain kinds of soils are best for certain kinds of growths. He can judge of almost any soil by its rocks and vegeta- ale growths. He has come to know the good corn land, wheat land, tobacco, potatoes, rice, cotton, flax, hemp, as well as the difl'erent fruits. His practical eye, in selecting his future farm-home, will see all these things as well as the waters and climate, that go to form the whole. The water and grasses will point him to the spot where the best animal life will grow. The fleet-footed thoroughbred horses are the effects of his intelligent experiments and observations — the splendid results of his self-education. He has learned tliere is more bread and butter in corn roots than in Greek roots. Nature's books are better and cheaper than those of the school-book syndicate— edited, written and bound by the hand of God, the rich inheritance of all men. State Geologist James Macfarlane reports substantially of Bradford county: The surface rocks belong to only three of the geological for- mations, the Chemung, Catskill and Carboniferous. The last two of these are verv extensive formations in Pennsylvania; the State geologists have subdivided them, and renamed them, and given them numbers to classify them. This simplifies and makes easy reference to these sub- divisions. The old mode was to classify these by their fossils, as all adjoining beds containing the same fossils belong to one and the same formation. By this arrangement Bradford county gives us the follow- in ir table ; HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 21 Pa. Nos. Pa. Names. N. Y. Names. XIII Coal Measures Carboniferous. XII Serai Conglomerate Carboniferous. XI Umbral Red Shale Catskill Mauch Chunk, Red Shale of Lesley. X Vespertine Catskill, Pocono, Red Shale of Lesley. IX Ponent Red Sandstone Catskill. VIII Vergent Alive Shale Chemung group. These are placed in the descending- order, tlie coal measures being the highest and the Chemung rocks the lowest visible in the county. The western part of the county, and the valley of Towanda and Wysox creeks, and in the lower part of the county the valleys of Tus- carora creek and Sugar run are covered with vergent or olive-colored shales (YIII), or what in New York is the Chemung group. The latter is the name in the text-books on geology. The general dip of this formation is toward the south and, tlierefore, in going north the lower rock formations make their appearance. Two great flexures in the strata penetrate the county, and are called coal basins because they contain coal. These run northeasterly through the county, and in the lines of tliese basins the highest rocks visible in the county are brought to view. Separating these two lines of basins are two lines of upheaval called anticlinals. The Chemung rocks give out the best soils. Where these are the best agricultural lands are found, because it is of an earthy (argil- laceous) character, and contains less sand than the Ponent or Catskill (Xo. IX). The upper or shaley formation of this rock is about two thousand live hundred feet. These rocks are a vast succession of thin layers of shale, of a deep olive or greenish or light gi'ay color, with thin layers of brownish gi'ay and green and olive sandstone. These layers are so thin that it is diflicult to find buildmg stone. There is a great uniformity in all parts of this vast rock formation, and as you travel on the railroad from W^^oming Valley northward to the State line, and north or east or west, all over the southern part of New York, you will see the same Chemung group. The Erie Railroad and branches run on it three huntlred miles. The cuts on the railroad and the hills show the same beds of this soft mud rock, with thin-bedded sandstones between. A few miles west of Athens a conglomerate sandstone is found capping the hills. Once these were mistaken for the conglomerates underlying the coal, but it is now demonstrated that these beds of conglomerates are thousands of feet below the coal measures. This is the rock in which is found petroleum, both in Xew York and in Pennsylvania. It is full of vegetable fossils showing land-plants, which may be readily seen in much of the building-stone used in Towanda. These are the oldest evidences of terrestrial vegetation known. Specks of coal are found in the rock. The evidences are many that the earth was ])re{)aring to deposit the coal beds when this rock was foi-med. That the Chemuni>' oroui) comes more ocnorallv to the surface than m any other county of northern Pennsylvania, is the wdiole 22 HISTOllY OF BKADFORD COUNTY. secret of it being the richest agricultural county of them all. This is the Bradford county farmer's bank that will alwa3^s honor his checks from its inexhaustible deposits of wealth. Its cashier Avill not go Canada for his healtli. Twenty-five hundred feet deep extends the maiden gold awaiting to be refined by the thrifty farmer. The stranger coming into the county is amazed to see the farmers plowing on the steep hill-sides, where in ordinary soils the alluvial would all soon wash into the valleys below. When he understands the nature and value of the Chemung group, then he realizes that the peaks are here as rich in plant food as are the overflowed lands of the Nile, and the wash of the hills is simply going deeper and deeper in the mine of wealth; and this will continue until the hills become a broad level plateau. Now, cross the county from west to east. On entering you pass through a district similar to the north half of the county, but between Troy and Burlington the high hills are covered with a different soil and a rock of a reddish color — the same that you will see on the hio-h grounds from the railroad as you go between Troy and Alba, also in crossing on tJie common road the high hills between Towanda and Wyalusing. These red rocks are of the Catskill group. "^ Running from the southeast to the northwest through the county are two great basins with two upheavals of the rock formations between them, throwing them into a waving form. These waves are wide, and their slopes are gentle. They have little connection with the present surface, which was cut into valleys by other causes long after the rock strata assumed their present shape. The first basin of this rock formation is a prolongation of the Biossburg coal basin in Tioga county. At the mines at Morris run are to be seen in the gangways the strata of coal and rocks descending toward the run, and then rise on the other si^de' in regular trough-like form. All the strata of rock above the coal bed as well as below it, as far down as they can be examined, have the same flexure. Near Troy you will see the red rock formation, which lie below the coal making their appearance, all bent in the same manner as the coal bed, into a wide and trough-like form, and all gradually rising to the northeast. This is sufficient of the geology to put our young people on further investigation — educating themselves into the true knowledge of their environment— nature's only way of not only teaching but creating. Drainage.— T\-iQ inclines that carry off the waters of a country are the water-sheds ; the deep-cut beds'of the streams, worn low in the solid rocks, are its system of drainage. The clouds carry the waters to the mountain tops, and the rivers carry them back to the sea. The air and the water are the forces that are" changing and building up in all its varied beauties of the earth's surface. The tides and the multi- tudinous sea waves are answered by the slow-moving, resistless gla- ciers that are the craftsmen fashioning the face of the earth and mak- ing for us our beautiful dwelling-places. The North branch of the Susquehanna river enters the county mid- way on its northern boundary, and' the Tioga (called Chemung in New MISTORY OF BRAD^'ORt) COUNTY. 23 York, and Tioga sometimes in Penns3'lvania), flowing from the north- west, draining central and southern JN^ew York, unites with it below Athens, five miles from the State line. Just here occurs what perhaps can be siiid of no other county in the Union. The Chemung river, quite an important stream of considerable length, is reported by State Geolo- gist Macfarlane to have its source and its mouth in Bradford county. If you will examine McKee's school map of the countv. you will find in Armenia township, which lies on the west and southerly line of the county, a small lake, the Tama)'ack, from which flows a little stream toward the southwest, going into Tioga count}^ This little lake, and the small branches that soon unite with it in its southwestern flow, are marked in McKee's school map as the "headwaters of the Chemung." Following this stream, however, to its northern flow in Tioga countv, its name on the map is Tioga river, and not the Chemung, which really has its rise in New York. Evidently Mr. McKee's mistake arose in the fact that the Tioga river, after starting south in Armenia township, turns northerly and empties into the Chemung river. This fact, con- nected with State Geologist MacFarlane's statement that the Che- mung river is called the Tioga from the State line to where it joins the Susquehanna river, causes this error. The remarkable circuit the water makes, however, is that it starts in the south westerlv ]mrt of Bradford county, runs southwest, turns north and goes into ]SIew York as the Tioga" river, bends around and returns to the county and ])asses into the Susquehanna river at Athens. There is no good reason for calling the Chemung river the Tioga after it enters Pennsylvania. It is all confusing and its abandonment would surely be advisable. The flow of the water, starting in Armenia township in what is known as the Tamarack lake, forms a course like the letter C. The Susquehanna river flows due south to near the center of the county, and then winds to the southeast, with a continuous system of nine horse-shoe bends, until it enters Wyoming county. During its straight course it flows in a tolerably wide valley of erosion in the Chemung rocks, and its windings are through the red Catskill rocks, and cuts canons through the synclinal Towanda mountains, and the valleys are narrower and deeper through the anticlinal Chemung for- mations to the south. One-half of the county is a high, rolling country, into which enter two ranges of flat-topped coal measures, synclinal mountains, connected with the great mountain plain of Lycoming county to the southwest and south. Blossburg mountain crosses the west line, and occupies Armenia township. This was once high mountains, but now Mount Pisgah is the chief high point left of this range. These mountains, it is sup- posed, once extended to or across the Sus(|uehanna at Ulster and Sheshequin, and they must liave penetrated New York from the north- east corner of Bradford county. The salient feature of the county is the Towanda mountain. It comes up out of Lycoming county, and is very broad and flat, and is 24 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. split lengthwise by the deep caiion of Schraeder's creek, and is cut across transversely by the gorge of South Branch creek. It was cut through in the early, geological ages by the Susquehanna river. At Standing Stone, Wyalusing, Tuscarora, Herrick and Pike townships, its ancient marks are distinctly traceable. The right-hand branches of Wyalusing creek drain this highland southward, while the left-hand branches of Wysox creek and the headwaters of Wappasening and Apolacon creeks drain it northward and westward. In the western part of the county, Seeley's, South and Bentley's creeks flow north into the Chemung river, while farther south Sugar and Towanda creeks follow a nearly due east course into the Susque- hanna, which they reach in less than three miles of each other; while still farther south the South branch and Sugar run flow nearly north. The south line of the county is the water-shed between the North and West branch valleys of the Susquehanna, the source of the Lycoming being at the southwest angle of the county, and of the Loyalsock in the townships of Overton and Albany. Towanda and Blossburg mountains are of about equal elevations, at the summit of the Barclay mines, in Barclay township, being 2,038 feet; the head of the incline plane, 1,753 feet ; its toot, 1,268; at Greenwood, where Schraxler creek falls into the Towanda, 820 feet; at Monroeton junction with the railroad south to the coal mines in Sulli- van, at Bernice, 759 feet; the heiglit of the mountain above Towanda, 1,200 feet, and the depth of the gorge which splits the mountain is therefore 1,200 feet. Mr. C. F. Heverly, in Ids " Two Towandas," gives the following table of local elevations about Towanda : Table Rock above tide 1.317 feet. Summit of Towanda hills 1,450 " Plateau between Towanda and Sugar creek, average 1,200 " Corner Bridge and Main streets 735 ' ' West end public bridge 739.9 ' ' The Lycoming creek and Towanda head together in the southwest angle of the county, 1,200 feet above tide, and flow in op])osite direc- tions, toward Towanda and Williamsport, respectively. Coal. — Abner Carr discovered bituminous coal in Bradford county in 1812, by a mere accident, while hunting on the Towanda mountain; the bed of coal outcropped in the stream, where was commenced the first mine. This was on land which belonged to Eobert Barclay, of London, and by inheritance afterward to his son, Charles Barclay. The tract contained 6,000 acres. This land was bought in 1853 by Edward Overton, of Towanda, John Ely and Edward M. Davis, of Philadelphia, who formed tiie Barclay Kailroad & Coal Company and the Schra?der Land Com|)any. The radroad was com])leted from, the canal to the mines in 1856 — it being sixteen miles in length, with an incline plane half a mile long and 475 feet high. James Macfarlane was general superintendent, having sole charge of affairs for the next eight years. He encountered great difficulties in establishing the coal ITISTOKY OF BHADKOKI) COUNTY. 2o business in connection with the meaner facilities offered by the canal. In 1868 Mr. Macfarlane organized the Towanda Coal Company and leased the Barclay mines. The Fall creek mines were opened in 1865 : the Schranler mines in 1874. The total output in 1856 was, in net tons, 2,295, and the total in 1890 was over 3,500,000. The county lies north of the anthracite coal belt. Iron, Oil, Gas, Etc. — For many years the county has been startled by reports of rich finds in the way of iron, coal or natural gas. But iron has been the mainstay of the most of those sensations. Diggino- for iron and boring deep through the hard rocks for oil or gas have been expensive experiments to some of our people. It is estimated that at one time or another enough money lias been wasted to have given the entire people of the county a fair education in the geology of this locality. The public schools are remiss in their plain duty when they fail to teach in all their schools the fundamental lessons of geology and botany. A few facts are here given on the subject of iron in the countj^ that may be of practical use in the future, if heeded. As already stated, the whole county is in the Devonian region — the valley formation being the Chemung, that of the hills the Catskill. Entering the county from the southwest are two mountains, the To- wanda and the Blossburg. The Towanda mountain, entering LeRoy township from Sullivan county, extends across Barclay, Overton and Monroe townships, and ends in llob. Wood mountain In Asylum. It is represented by hills and highlands on across the county into Susque- hanna county. From Tioga county the Blossburg mountam enters Armenia township, extending throughout the township. It is repre- sented by hills and a plateau extending nearly to Ulster, and can be traced across the county. As has been mentioned, the valley forma- tion is Chemung, immediately above which is the Catskill, divided into lower and upper, the latter" forming the crests of the highest hills. On the Towanda and the Blossburg mountains the Catskill is covered by the Mauch Chunk red shale, serai conglomerate (millstone grit) and the coal measures. The Chemung formation covers the wliole northern and eastern part of the county. Iron ore can usually be found among the coal measures, and Bar- cW coal basin furnishes several varieties of ore of various values. These ores occur sometimes as argillaceous carbonate of iron, and can be taken from their beds in large slabs like flagstones. More often halls of ore are found among the layers of shale and sandstone. Next in importance is the kidney ore, much like the balls just mentioned. Probably a score of ore-bearing strata could be found in the Bar- clay field, and if the iron-bearing shales, slates, etc., were included this number would be more than doubled. For example, near Fall creek a stratum ten feet thick has five layers of ore, the thickest being 18 inches, and a section taken at the head of Wagner's run shows in eight feet of depth four layers of iron ore, four of iron-bearing shale and two non-bearing shale.*^ Specimens of ore taken from the various localities accessible yield 26 HISTORl OF liRADFOKD COU JTTY . • from 32 to 50 per cent, of metallic iron, the average being 40.5 pel' cent. At only two or three localities would the working of these ores be found profitable at present, though the}' may be valuable in the future. The ore is of excellent quality, but is found in too small quan- tities to work with advantage. In Bradford count\% none of the formations below the coal meas- ures have shown any iron ore except the Chemung. This formation has furnished the iron ore for the many " valuable" discoveries which have been made throughout the county. Running through the Che- mung rocks of Bradford and Tioga counties are several beds of iron ore, the most important of which have been called the Upper or Mans- field bed, the Middle or Fish bed, and the Third or Lower bed. The Upper bed lies very near the top of the Chemung rock, often being found in those "transition beds" for which Bradford count}^ is noted. These beds shrewd geologists have been unable to assign to Catskill or Chemung, just as an artist might be unable to assign to either color any point in the blending of red and yellow. Thus the upper bed is sometimes said to lie in both the Catskill and Chemung, but none of it has ever been found in well-determined Catskill, while it it is often found in true Chemung. Iron ore which ])robably belongs to the upper bed is found at sev- eral localities on Towanda creek two or three miles above Canton, yielding from 14 to 32 per cent, of iron. Southeast of Canton is a two-foot vein yielding about 28 per cent, of iron. In the main road, about a mile and a half west of Le Hoy, is exposed a bed three or four feet thick holding 29 per cent, of metal. The same bed is exposed at LeRoy in Gulf brook, being four feet thick. The second or Fish bed lies from 200 to 400 feet below the Mans- field bed. It is found half a mile southwest of Columbia Cross Roads, at a place near the one just mentioned, but one-quarter mile Avest of the N. C. R. R., and at Austinville. The Columbia vein is four feet thick, and has 32 per cent, of iron. At Austinville the bed is seven feet thick, only four feet being good ore, and bears 33 per cent, of iron. It has been mined quite extensively, most of the ore ffoino; to Elmira. The most interestino- feature of this bed is the large number of fish remains, one of the characteristics of the middle bed. These fossils occur as fragments, mostly bones. They retain the nat- ural color and seem to indicate fish of unusual size. Of the large number of fossils taken from this mine the most and best have gone to the New York State Museum, but lately the Pennsylvania Geolog- ical Survey has obtained several specimens at least two of which, being submitted to an eminent palaeontologist (Dr. Newbury, of Ohio), were pronounced new species. The second bed shows some good surface indications in ('olumbia township, on the roa.d from Snedeker's to Springfield, and about two miles wfest of Smithfield. At the place first mentioned an excavation would proI)ably reveal a bed of ore similar to that at Austinville, though perhaps without fossils. iilS'rOllY OF IIRADFORD COUNTY. 27 The tliird bed lies from 100 to 200 feet below the second, and has not been found exposed in Bradford county, but is sometimes found in drilling wells, often passed thi'ough undetected. It has to us no finan- cial importance whatever. No exposures of ore of any importance have been reported either near or east of the Susquelianna river. The most vahiable ores are and will be found near tlie Bradford-Tioga line. The reader is left to form his own conclusions as to the value of a " find " of iron ore in this county. A fair idea of the immense deposits near Pittsburgh, in the Lake Superior mines, at Iron Mountain, Mo., and in the mountains of east Tennessee, will cause the apparent value of Bradford county ore to lose its existence. Bradford county ore may be valuable in the future, but it is not now. Mention might be made of such absurdities as the ''Hathaway ore" sensation ; the mining at Snedekerville of brown sandstone for iron; the " Arienio shaft," where $20,000 were thrown away in a search for anthracite coal in Chemung strata; the silver mine in white sandstone of Ridgbury township, the Bristol silver mine in Catskill argillaceous sandstone of Monroe town- ship, etc. As already remarked, such knowledge as might be obtained from a first book in geology would check the wikl search for coal thousands of feet below its natural position, and for gold and silver thousands of feet above their geological horizon. Many a farmer has lost a valuable farm in the search for buried wealth which did not exist, and many a farm would have been saved by a slight knowledge of general and local geolog3\ CHAPTER II. INDIANS. They ake Fading Away — Petrified Intellectually — Coureurs DEs Bois — The Villages and Shacks in Bradford County — The Doors of the Six Nations — Moravian Missionaries — Trails — Polygamy' — Cannibals — Canoes — Wards of the Nation — Treatment by the Government, Etc. C COLUMBUS, not realizing that he had discovered the New World, ^ called the people that he found here " Indians," thus transplant- ing the name of a people of ancient origin in the East. The original inhabitants, therefore, to be strictly identified, must be called the American Indians. The picture of Columbus and his men meeting the natives on their ships first touching our south Atlantic coast is purely fanciful. These people, not as painted, were dirty, even filthy, and very ignorant savages. They had no idea of geography further than 28 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUXTY. their eyes could see ; the universe simply reached beyond the next range of mountains. Their god was a great and very savage hunter, who was half-horse and half-alligator, as the ancient "Arkansaw Trav- eler" was wont to describe a backwoods tough. Primitive savages, moderately well developed as cannibals, with no arts or ideas above treacherous cunning and delight in torturing and killing. They were polygamists, and their drudge slaves were their wives, mothers and sisters. They were not much above the brutes on whose borders they lived and struggled for their wretched existence. Much of what we now read of the history of these savages is, like the picture mentioned above, fanciful. To civilize him and save him to the world and fit him for the Christian heaven was a deep sentiment of the relioious world. The idea of the more practical Coureiirs des hois, or the grim frontiers- men was to kill him first and then civilize him. Both were impracti- cable dreamers, so far as the Indian was concerned. The Indian was incapable of any advancement in civilization ; his intellect was petritied ; he deserved better than being starved and ruthlessly butchered; neither policv was right. He was entitled simply to be let alone — made to behave and battle his own way in the new order in which he so suddenlv found himself. If he survived and advanced, keeping step with the world about him. bravo! If he fell by the wayside, bury and forget him. His right to liberty and justice was as good as anybody's, but^the sickly sentimentality that holds he had an indefeasible title to the soil on which he existed, and could, therefore, keep back the increasing white civilization, has no part nor place in justice or good sense. " He was here first," well, so were the bumblebees and the wolves and the " foxes had dens." Anglo-Saxon civilization has rights bevond and above all savagery, not only here, but everywhere upon earth. Before its march all else must give way -if necessary, perish. Civilizing the Indian, preserving him and his tribes and multiplying his posterity was not one of the wants of the world. Millions of imperfectlv'^civilized and ignorant Indians would have now become a sore problem had we them in our country. He despised the manners and habits of civilization ; he loved his liberty as the bird or the beasts love it, and was no more capable of the higher order of improvement than they. Therefore it w^as best that he should slowly fade away as he has; his existence was not a matter of importance to the world. For the hfe the world gave him he has given nothing in return. No thought, no idea, no act marked his long existence here that deserves even°a slight remembrance. He did nothing and was nothing, and his passage from earth as a people was of no more importance than the swarms of "greenhead" flies that once rose up like pestilential clouds upon the western prairies to confront the pioneers. The general description of the Indians that were here when the first whi'te man's eyes fell upon this beautiful lam,! may be described as composed of the Five Nations. The particular one of the Five Nations that claimed possession of the Susquehanna was the Iroquois, whose headquarters were in New York. They had conquered the HISTORY OF BHADFOKl) COUNTY. 29 Susquehanna from the Andestes, who inhabited tlie valley. This change it is supposed occurred about 1G20. The}' are spoken of in early histories as the Cauestoges and as the Susquehannocks. When the white man first came all this country belonged equally to the i^m^ JVaiions. The Iroquois were a powerful and warlike people. Thev made manv villages all the way from Tioga to Virginia. In this county at Wyalusing, Sheshequin, AVysox, Mehoopany and at Queen Esther's Town they had made considerable villages. It is said that all these places wei"e Indian villages of the Susquehannochs before they were driven out or exterminated by the Mohawks. In those Indian wars and invasions were constructed the fortifications at one time visible at Spanish hill and at the mouth of Sugar creek. The Susque- hannocl's were driven from their possessions along the river above Wyoming about 1650. The Iroquois held this territory about one hundred years. They are said to be the only Indian people who at that time'had anything approaching the forms of civil government, but this gradually died out, and they became little else than aimless roving bands. The Tusearoras had been driven by the whites from the South and came North, and were the addition that made the Sia' Nations of what had been the Five Nations. They came in 1712, a century before Bradford county was formed In this curious confed- eracy the Iroquois became the dominating race. Athens or Tjoga was made the door of entrance mto the territory of the Six Nations. At this place a Sachem was stationed, and only by his permission was any stranger, red or white, allowed to pass,— a primitive custom-house or Castle Garden, as it were. Wyalusing was one of the oldest and most important of the Indian villages m what is now Bradford county. It hatl been built by the tribe that was driven off by the Iroquois. 'The place originally was called Golion-to-to. After the tribe had been exterminated it became again the silent desert, and so remained one hundred years. In 1752 a somewhat noted Indian character called Poponhauk, a Monsey chief, from the Minisink country, came with a number of families and settled on the old village site. He rebuilt the village. In 1760 it was described by the Missionary explorers as having about twenty huts, but much better buildings than was usually found belonging to the Indians. The old Indian town was located at "the mouth of Wyalusing creek, where are the farms of J. B. Stalford and G. H. Wiles. The rich land in the valley was cultivated in a rude way ; corn and grass for the cattle and ponies, and the former for the Indians, were raised by the labor of the squaws in considerable quantities. In 1763, only three years later, the huts in the place numbered forty, nearly all built of split plank, set on end in the ground, the upner end pinned to a plate, on which were rafters, and covered with bark. This year, 1763, was the commence- ment of the Pontiac war. Tlie Indians of Wyalusing, not taking part therein, retired to Bethlehem, and from there went to Philadelphia. There is a noted old Indian burying-ground near Sugar run ferry, where have been found many Indian relics of various kinds. JJO HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNtlf. The SJiawnees had lived at the mouth of Towanda creek. They planted corn on the valley lands. They lived on the opposite side of the creek from Towanda. The Moravian missionary, Zeisberger, September 30, 1767, stopped at this deserted Shawnee post. In his diary he called it Wisach (from which came our Wysox). He says he went into camp in a deserted Delaware Indian wigwam. The Nanticoke Indians came up the Susquehanna from the eastern shore of Maryland in 17J:8. A part of the tribe stopped on the Towanda flats. An Indian town, Os'mJni, was supposed to be a very ancient town, situated just a little above the mouth of Sugar creek — the John Biles farm. On the farm lately owned by Judge Elwell, nearly opposite Bald Eagle island, was a strong settlement. As for permanent settlements, the Indians were nearly migratory in their habits. They moved with the game and with the seasons — the chief interruptions to their going and coming were the tribal wars, when the enemy hovered on their borders; then, like the wild animals, they gathered closely together for safety. The earliest missionar}^ visitors describe finding places in the deep woods where there were signs of the Indians having stopped there, but were now silent and deserted. They had written their story on the trees — a picture-lan- guage that was understood by the Indians. They would peal the bark off a tree, and on this paint the story of what tribe they were, their expeditions of war, the number of the warriors, scalps and captives, etc. — the same rather gruesome story that occupies so much space in the white man's adventures and explorations. A few families of the Monseys were located on the north side of Cash creek, near its mouth, at the close of the Pontiac war, near where is now the village of Ulster. Queen Esther's town was a settlement made about 1770 on the west side of the river opposite Tioga Point. This woman, or rather female monster, became notorious from her savage cruelties to tlie captive whites, 'especially at the massacre of Wyoming. One of the most important Indian settlements in the county, if not in the State, was made at Tioga — the junction of the Chemung and the Susquehanna. This was the "door" for a long time to the territory of the Tro(pwis. ■ AH the Indian trails in this part centered here, as all goers and comers must pass through this door, and unless his pa])ers were properly "vised" he would be treated as an enemy or sp3^ This "door" was the entresol to a very long " house " indeed. The doorkeeper was a Cayuga Saohern. Here the war parties rendezvoused, and here prisoners were brought and disposed of. The place was reported abandoned in 1758, during the French-Indian v,'ar, but was rebuilt in 1760. The place was finally destroyed by Sullivan's army in 1759. The story of Queen Esther, the pitiless enemy of the whites, is a chapter in the history of Pennsylvania. The writer of these lines, a IITSTOHY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 31 few years ago, in tracing out the early history of Adams county, Pa., became convinced that this woman was an Indian by adoption and not by blood ; that she was a native of that county, and the child of a family that liad all been massacred except this gii'l who was seven or eighty ears, old at the time the family was destroyed. She was carried to western Pennsylvania, adopted by an Indian family, and when fif- teen years old married a full-blood. " She was eventually taken to the Seneca tribe in New York, and was married to a noted chief of that tribe. Her stay in Bradford county was short and uneventful. Her village was destroyed by the Colonial army, and the Queen and her ab- horred presence were known here no more. She was one of the eartlrs many unfortunates — her life among the savages had lapsed back into a more cruel savagery than was those among whom she lived ; vile in every respect, a female imp of Satan. A slight study of her character brings up the question: is all this boasted civilization, charity, love and refinement but a thin veneer that a circumstantial pin may readily scratch through to the solid, cruel, iniierent brute? Possibly it was because she was a queen that she was so utterly wicked and abandoned. There seems to be something in the "divine'' titles and office of royalty that is low and debasing. That is perhaps one reason why men are so am- bitious to become lords and kings, eager to sweep their soul to the devil for the miserable baubles. The only edifying page in the whole history of crowned heads was where the hunch -back, Richard 1 1 1., cried "A horse ! a horse ! my kingdom for a horse ! " The language is highly sig- nificant. He was tired of the king business, it was too tame, and there was not play enough for his genius as a rascal in it all, and he wanted to be a jockey and with the jockeys stand. Fortunately for the fall races, his high ambition was nipped in the bud, and King Pdchard never was promoted to " Jockey Dick." Possibly if Shakespeare had person- ally known Queen Esther he would have married her off to Richard III., and improved the world's entire tribe of kinglets. The pride of America is that ^ye have no kings nor queens. In lieu we have, how- ever, the roaring demagogue— the meek and lowly " servant " and especial " friend " of everybody — the Honorable Fetich, of Shakerag. Along the shores of the Susquehanna, from the State line to the south line of the county, are spots that will be pointed out to you as once famous Indian resorts, villages, battle-grounds or scenes of massacres or something of that kind. There is a mixture of truth and fiction in it all. At one place, nay, at numerous places, may be pointed out spots in the dark and bloody legends, and at the isolated one or two places may be found memorial stones telling of where the wild children of the*^ forests bent their knees in awe and child-like wonder at the simple, sublime story from the lips of the hardy mis- sionaries of the church, as they answered in the wilderness the glories of the ever-living God. Lazy, simple and credulous, these wild people of the woods were deeply impressed with the forms and symbols of the Christian religion. That part of religion they could see with the naked eye was all there evidently was in it to 32 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. these nomads, and they put on its outward forms with chiUlish ahicrity while deep in their hearts remained the undisturbed fetich worship of their tribes and fathers. They could simply add one religion to the other, not remove the one to give wholly the place to the new and the true religion. The barbarities suffered at the hands of the savages by the early settlers of Bradford county are a nightmare of horrors. The story in its details is one prolonged agony. This was nearly the same story of every portion of the country east of the Mississippi river. The people fleeing to the forts, the rising smoke from the burning cabins, and the scalps of men, women and children dangling as trophies from the belts of the warriors ; and the flesh of the tortured captives cooked and eaten by the most favored braves. Meaner than the ugly, hungry wolves, far more cunning and treacherous, human imagination palls in any effort to conceive of all the sad story that ran riot through the country. This was the average Indian. Not forgetful that there were crimes, monstrous crimes, committed against the wild people ; conscious of the fact that among the many immigrants to the Xew World were bad white men — some of the vile and vicrous who had been banished from their native land— yet, the truth is, those were the exceptions, and for their crimes it is but little answer to be forever pointing to " Lo, the poor Indian." This gangrened sentiment has found its way too often to our school books and light literature, vitiating the minds of the young and closing their eyes to the truths of history. The curtain is now rung down on the long and bloody drama, and the fierce warriors that once ambushed behind nearly every tree in the forests are now the wretched remnant of beggars, in filth and rags, hovering on the con- fines of our civilization. Indians always traveled in single file and, therefore, their paths were verv narrow, and were sometimes worn deeply in the hillsides where the rains added to the wear. The great Indian highway, that is, the deepest worn path in the county, passed through from south to north along the river, much as is now the bed of the Lehigh Valley Ilailroad. on the west of the river in the northern part of the county, and east of the river on the lower part. The Wyalusing path crossed at Wyalusiug, and was in a northeast and southerly direction, entermg the countv with Wvalusing creek about five miles west of the south- east corner of the county. The Towanda path entered the north line of the county about half-way between the Susquehanna river and the northeast corner of the county, and jiassed to the Shawnee village. The Minisink path came from the east, and passed nearly due west through the northern part of the county to Queen Esther's town. The Towanda path entered the county exactly at its southwest corner, and followed Towanda creek to the river; west of the borough some ten miles it branched to the north, and led to the Indian village north of Sugar creek, on the river. The Sheshequin path entered about the cetfter of tlie west line of the county, and followed Sugar creek. Nester and Wvalusing were the chief villages of the Indian con- HISTORY OF HKADFORD COUNTY. 33 vei'ts Lo Christianity under the teachings of the Moravian missionaries. At these points they built huts, and at Wjalusing— called Friedens- /liiUen— they built a church, and at one time claimed a population of more than 200 souls. The management of the Indian by our Government since we became a separate nation has been one prolonged mistake. Be has been alwavs considered a foreigner in his native land, a foreigner under the Government that has made war on him and his, and conquered and held them, and to this day we hear of "treaties" with the red men, the same as if they were people of Japan or Kamskatka, and at the same time they are the "Nation's wards," regular boarders at the great American free soup stand— a kind of qiuisl acknowledgment of their title to lands— and these we purchase and never pay anything except the annual interest thereon. The Government in a manner feeds and clothes these poor wretches, and Christian people give in charity and send bibles, missionaries and school teachers, and tracts and prayers, and the Government opens Indian schools, colleges and training grounds, and carries train loads of pappooses and old hardened scalping experts back and forth from the Bad Lands and Lava Beds to see their "'Great Father" at Washington and strike camps in the rooms of Willard's Hotel. On the mimic stage what a farce this whole hum- bug scheme would be — the roaring travesty on good sense is a national necessity to provide soft places for our gang of political bummers — which, by the way, is a great joke on the average tax-payer. The smallest modicum'^ of honest common sense would have long ago for- ever disposed of the Indian question, by simply turning him loose and '' root hoo- or die." Let him educate and christianize himself as well as provide for himself — exact and even justice with no favors. The Indian knew nothing definite of his remote ancestors. He had his traditions and wild, crude legends, and some of them he perhaps believed himself, and others he cherished chiefly as we do epic poems. They were the exploits of great hunters and scalpers ; something, no douk, of the crude idea of our school boys in their Friday afternoon piping declamations about " Alexander's paw ! " as they would gather up the'r pudgy fists and beat the air, in the belief that that man-slayer went at his bloody work with bare lists. The Indians were merely wild children ; their history was unwritten, and was but dreams of lighting and killing their fellow-man. Their highest pleasures were in the prolonged and most exquisite torture — not necessarily of their ene mies, but of their captives— simply because they had them in their power; and after the victim was tortured to death, then to eat him was the crowning i)rivilege. Their women were mere slaves and drudges, somewhat lower in their estimation than their mangy dogs. These Indians that stand so patiently in front of tobacco shops are much cleaner and more intelligent looking than the originals, as found running wild all over this country when the white man came. All over the habitable world are evidences of the coming and pass- ing away of nations. Birth, gi'owth and final decay, it seems, is 34 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. much the history of peoples as it is of the individual. All roads once led to Rome. And although this was in comparatively modern times, yet now these great works, paved highways and stone bridges are but Avrecks and broken remains of that once powerful nation. The angel of death, it seems, extended his shadowing wings, and the "mistress of the world" bowed to fate, and the owls beat upon the casements of their palaces, and the wild beasts lick their cubs where once was only the busy feet of men. In the sweep of time the nations come and go, as the ripples chase each other on the resting waters. Birth and death and a little, short intervening struggle for existence is the be-all and the end-all, until existence itself is but change. The numerous as well as poAverful tribes of red savages found in possession of the continent have practically gone forever. The original wild Indian is now a memory. He has not ])assed out from his wild state and been civilized into a changed and higher existence, but before the pale faces he has been pushed from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and has sung his death-song and laid down to die. Some few miserable remnants of once great and dominating tribes have mingled their blood with the strange white races, and after being driven from place to place are now in the Indian Territory— the Nation's wards and depend- ants. Those that clung to their clouts and blankets, and refused the clothes and fashions of civilization, were driven to the lava beds of the western mountain fastnesses, and shot down like dangerous wild beasts, or hemmed in and starved to death. What a numerous race of Indians was here but a centur\' or two ago! IIow little will soon remain to mark their ever having existed! The white man met their cunning warriors in the trackless woods and slew them. When the last miserable, dirty beggar of them has departed what will there remain, except the words of the historian, to perpetuate his memory ? Nothing. As a people they have petrified in their ignorant savagery. He could neither lift himself up, nor could his nature be elevated to that higher plane where lives a nobler human- ity, lie has left behind no thought, no invention and no work of any value to the world or that deserves preservation. He was nothing, and therefore has left nothing. Ignorant, cunning, cruel and excess- ively filthy, he was neither useful nor beautiful. His wild nature could not be reclaimed, except by adulteration of his blood with other races. Born in the wild wood, rocked on the wave, his one redeeming trait was his unconquerable love of liberty ; this he loved far better than life. He would not be a slave. Had he preferred existence and slavery to death, he might have lived on in peace with the white man. Indeed, he might now have had the ballot in his hand and enjoyed the fawning of our demagogues, a very hero indeed about election times, instead of the wandering beggar in rags as we see him. But this was not his nature. He would be free as the eagle of the crags, and in his choice between slavery and extinction he never halted. He met his fate with an unequaled stoicism, and his death-song rose in his throat as the caroling of the forest birds. Herein was the strong individuality of the Indian — the redeeming quality of his nature. Joliet, Marquette and Hennepin, the first white men to visit the <^^^^i^ <^^^^^-7^S^Ie>^ ^ftr I HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 37 Indians of the West, have left much authentic information of the con- ditions in which they found them. The pure and gentle Marquette was carrying to these wild children of the plains the Cross of Christ, and receiving the tender in return of the calumet and wanipun These explorers agreed that the northern Indians were inferior to thc^ j found in the South in tlieir knowledge of the sim[)lest of the arts. The Nat- chez were found to possess some little idea of the use of ir-on and cop- per, while their northern brothers knew nothing of it, and used only stone. On the borders of streams or lakes they had their scattered villages: their wigwams and shacks being the rudest and simplest structures. All seemed to be nomadic in their habits; each tribe having its chief, with no certain authority except to command hunting and warring expeditions. The men performed no manual labor, this being done bv the women or squaws. In the timber they built their wigwams of bark chiefly. This was laid on poles that were brought to a center, and here a hole was left for tlie smoke to escape. If very hungry, they ate the game captured raw. The most of their cooking was over the fire or in the hot coals; they would boil water by heating stones and dropping into the water in their crude stone vessels. Their best cooks would but poorly compare with our French chefs in some of our line hostelries. Their mode, for instance, of coolving a turkey was to pull a few of the largest feathers, and then cook it just as it was. This they regarded as not only saving labor, but saving all that part of the turkey that we throw away — a double economy. Their marital relations were loose and illy defined. Polygamy was often practiced, but not universally, as the bucks bought their wives, paying for them a pony, or game, or pelts, or whatever else that was the currencv of the realm. Wives were bought often for stated periods when they would return and be in the marriage market again without at all bothering the divorce courts. It was only such dusky maidens as mated without being paid for that were dis- credited in the first circles of Indian society. The female chil- dren, in case of separation, by virtue of the terms of the contract, went with the mother, and the males belonged to the father. With these impediments in his way it may be assumed that he would as soon as possible get another squaw to support " the old man and the boys." Sometimes as many as sixty persons would compose one family, and altogether these would live in one wigwam. — larger than the simple round ones. They slept upon the bare ground or on the skins of animals, and all their clothing in the rigors of the winter were also of the skins of animals. In the long winters their places of abode would be indescribably filthy. The numerous family and the dogs were huddled together in the smoke and the horrid air of their worse than kennels. While it was cold weather they never bathed, and they changed their clothes only by their wearing out -and falling off. In the warm weather all took to the water daily, like ducks, but when they came out would smear themselves with horrid rancid grease, mixed often with certain kinds of clays. This seemed to be the only part of their toilet that they were at all particular to attend to. The food of th© Indian consisted of all the varieties of game, eat' 38 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ing nearly everything except the rattlesnake. They called this reptile "•grandfather," and believed that he had the soul of their dead ances- tor, and they held it sacred. When the hunters would find a snalce of this kind they would surround it, carefully keeping out of striking distance, and they would light their pipes and blow the smoke at it, calling it by endearing names, and pray to it to guard their families and help them in their expedition, whether war or hunting. In a rude way they cultivated corn, melons and squashes. From the corn they made their " sagamite," parched and pounded the corn, mixed it with water, bran and all, and roasted the mass in the hot ashes. Sometimes they mixed m the meal ground gourds or beans. They had three kinds of canoes, and these they made and handled dexterously. Having only stone axes they would burn down the tree, chopping away the charred part. They would chop it off at any required length in the same way, dropping water at the points they did not want to burn. The heavy wood canoes were burned out in a similar way, and with slow^ fires the}'^ could shape and fashion them exactly as wanted, and smooth and polish them with stone. A. pirogue was made by fastening two or more canoes together abreast by poles reaching across on the top. These would carry great weight, and were not liable to upset. Their most common canoe was made of bark-elm or birch. The elm-bark canoes were very frail and not used for long voyages. To make a canoe of the elm they would select the trunk of a tree very smooth, and at a time when the sap was up. They would cut around, above and below the length wanted, and then remove the whole in one piece, shaving off the roughest of the bark, making this side the inside of the canoe; fastening the ends of the bark together, the sides of the canoe were held apart by bows that would be fastened in about two feet apart. The}^ would sew up the two ends with strips of elm bark, and in such a way as to cause the two ends to rise, with a swell in the middle. Any chinks they sewed together and covered with gum they would chew. It may be that this is where our girls got the fashion of gum chewing without inherit- ing any knowledge of the better part of the business of making bark canoes. They would add a mast, and on this use their blankets or skins for sails. All the passengers in such a craft sat upon their heels. There was much art and perfect balancing required to ride without turning over. About like bicycle riding. It is supposed that one of our ordinary mouse or bug squealing girls could upset one of these vessels in a few seconds — at least by the time it had reached deep water. The chief merit of the elm-bark canoe was its lightness. A squaw could shoulder one with ease, and carry it along or over any portage. In ascending streams these people knew the road so well that frequently by crossing a great bend, and by going overland a mile or two, would save many miles around to the same spot. Canoes made of birch bark were stronger and heavier, and looked more artistic in finish. The frames of these were of strips of cedar wood, which is light and flexible. This frame was made complete and was then covered with birch bark, which would be sewed together like HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 39 skins. The seams were covered with chewed gum. Cross bars were put in to bold the sides apart, and these made seats for the passengers. The French fur traders were tbe only white men who adopted the Indian's mode of making canoes, or bad the skill to use them after tbe Indian fashion. Some of these canoes of the traders would carry as much as 3,000 pounds, and in tlie hands of an expert tbey would shoot along tbe water with great swiftness. As already said, the Indians were cannibals, though human flesh was only eaten at war feasts. They would torture a prisoner to deatb ; in this tbe women and children were peculiarly deligbted, and tbe body would tben be tlirown into "tbe war kettle," and greedily devoured after a partial cooking. An early traveler among the savages, Josepb Barrow, says be saw Pottawatomies and Miamis, with liands and limbs, both of white men and also of otiier tribes of Indians. Tbe privileges of this feast were confined to the noted and foremost war- riors. Tbey would bury their dead with great care and ceremony. Jontel says : " The}'^ pay great respect to their dead. Some of tbe tribes would prepare the grave carefully and tben for days weep and wail about it; others would dance and sing for twenty-four hours. These dancers would bang their calabashes or gourds about their bodies, fill- ed partiall}' with dry beans and i)ebbles, and these would rattle and assist the mourners greatly in expressing their inconsolable grief. The heirs of tbe deceased were not forced by fashion to dissimulate their joy in tbe form of grief, because w^ben the old man died they buried his fortune with him, and bad to throw in something of their own to help him along the journey to the happy bunting-ground. CHAPTER III. MISSIONARIES AND TRADERS. The First White Men Here— Coureurs des Bois— Hunters— The Moravian Missionaries — Etc. TTJs now more than one hundred and fifty-three years since tbe -1- first white man passed up the Sus(juebanna,* following tbe windings of the river, and looked out ovei' this beautiful valley. Tbe waters of the streams were filled with shining fish, and the okfdark forests were full of game. The great flat tops of the Towanda mountains bad their gentle declivities sweeping away in graceful curves and windmgs to the soft, hazy, blue distance. Over all are the great hemlock trees, the mountain ash and the graceful pines, tbe more stubborn oaks, the thick groves of sumac and tbe climbing vines, all bending and bowing to the breeze, and clothed in oreen and bright flowers in the budding spring and in tbe rich colorings of the rainbow in tbe mild autumn. Here how beautiful and picturesque was all nature— the 40 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, ever-changing panorama of the seasons unfolding in entrancing vis- ions! In the winter when the old gnarled trees bared their arms to meet the severest winter storms, and the driven snow softly wrajiped in its white mantle the earth, folding it awa}^ for the winter's long sleep and quiet, and then the spring when the earth is fretted with sprouting and the buds and flowers and leaves begin their low lullaby, and the earth and air are again vocal with joyous life, and then come the birds of delicious song from their far south wintering — the low distant drumming of the pheasant, the " gobble, gobble, gobble," of the enormous bronze wild turkeys, the merry matin song of the golden- winged blackbirds, the chattering magpies, the hoarse croak of the crane, and the merry clatter of the wild ducks and geese,, were answered by the nearly human scream of the striped panther and the sharp yells of the ever-hungry and savage wolf. In the rivers and the crystal mountain streams the shining fish disported themselves, and the beautiful shad, in great schools of many millions, would leave the salt sea and ascend to the headwaters of the Susquehanna to de- posit their eggs; and the "beaver in all his sleek cunning built his dams across the streams and thereon his winter houses, side by side with the sleek otter, and on land his fur-bearing conqueror, the bear, patiently hunted out the stores of the wild bees and grew rolling fat and laughed at the gorgeous springtime that came after his long winter's sleep in his dark and damp cave. These mountains and hills had slowly risen from the un fathomed depths of the sea, their rocky heads dripping with waters of the briny deep; slowly, stupendously they rose, then were dry rocky cliffs, and the rains and the winds, the heat and the cold beat upon them and the rocks turned to ashes, and from the first delicate mosses clinging to the hard stones gradually came this forest giant crowning in glory the hill tops, penetrating the low clouds and protecting the humbler vines and heavy undergrowth, filling the earth with insect and animal life and the air with birds of radiant plumage, caroling their songs to the deep blue heavens. Thus passed the golden summer with its ripened fruits and brown nuts — nature's bounty to all animal life. And then the sere and yellow leaf of autumn, the first frost, and lo, what an entrancing vision of beauty spreads out over the great old hills and the sweeping valleys. The season of the festival of the foliage is here in its annual visit. In banks and billows rolling up the mountain side, soft and rich in all the tintings of the rainbow blending away in the distance with the clouds beyond and spreading down to the silvery mountain stream far below. And the four seasons have come and gone, and thus the centuries and ages were reeled off with nothing here in beautiful Bradford to appreciate all this natural wealth and beauty more than the fish, the bird and the wild beasts and the wilder and fiercer savages. In the fulness of time to this new and beautiful region came the ever wandering white man— the "pale face" as he was described by the natives; the wandering home-seeker abroad upon the face of the earth; the fugitive from tbe Old World persecution, tU^ bloodiest and HISTORY OF BKADFOKD COUNTY. 41 most pitiless tliat has ever struck poor suffering men, women and even little children. Stripped of his goods, and striped with the lash, broken on wiieels and nailed up in barrels filled with spikes, blown up with hand-bellows to the most intolerable torture; thrown in dungeons, and damp prison walls, tortured for confessions to madness, their tongues cut out, their ears cut off, and branded with hot irons and burned over slow fires of a few green fagots, so slow and so infernal that the poor creatures would struggle and bury tlieir chains deep in the flesh to get their faces down close to the smoke that they might hurry the prolonged death agony to an end. These horrible sufferings came to these poor fugitives in the name of the Heavenly Father and His meek and Lowly Son, who suffered and died that all men might be savetl. Whole communities and large classes of )ieo))le were driven from country to country in the East, because they were heretics; one country would drive out the Moors from Spain; the Jews from France, and thus from every district in the Old World communities were exterminated by persecution or became flying fugitives before the inappeasible wrath of their fellow-men. As the last hope the poor unfortunates turned their faces toward America, and in the frail barks steered into the deep waters, and the calms and storms of the elements were welcomed with pi-ayers and hymns to the Almighty for their escape from their pursuers — ^the victims of the crudest fanaticism that has ever darkened the face of the earth. The escape from the Old to the New — from the lands of churches and civilization to that of the wilderness and savagery. They came with their immigrant chests and the old black family clasp-bibles, in the heart of home and religious freedom. Poor in this world's goods, rich only in their deep and abiding religious faith. Landing upon these shores, these deep religious men erected their altars, and commenced the supreme work of founding the new empire. They made immigration a science ; founded a new civilization and builded the State whose foundation rested upon the Bible. Their surroundings at their old home, the circumstances enfolding them in the wilderness, in the end distinguished them as the most remarkable ])eople in all the annals of history. They became savagely religious, unconquerably brave, and fiercely dog- matic, as they daily read their family Bible and spelled out the syl- lables, and with horrid pronunciation accepted even detached sen- tences in the most literal sense, and then girded about their loins with the flaming sword of Gideon, ready to inflict upon heretics the same pitiless persecutions that had driven them in their poverty and utter wretchedness from their homes and their native lands. They were as brave and hardy as they were cruel and inconsistent against what they esteemed an error of faith. The North American pioneer is the une- qualed character in all time and all ages. A crude bundle of incon- sistencies, a power, nevertheless, something like the volcanic forces beneath the earth's surface. Hardly pausing where he first struck the sea coast, he planted the outpost, dressed himself in the skins of the wild animals he had slaughtered, shouldered his long flint-lock rifle, and pushed his way into the deepest forests, and westward the star of empire forged its way. A terrible bundle of incongruities and incon- 4a HISTOKY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. sisteiicies — too intense in iiis faith even to be merciful, so overflowing with doctrinal religion, his visions fixed on heaven, fearing nothing mortal, and hating everyone who crossed in the least any of his dog- mas, he forgot all gratitude, and with studied guile and craft he would circumvent and strike to the heart his only benefactor. The pioneers, the silent men, the avant-coureurs of the most remarkable movement of mankind in all history — the miracle of miracles. What secret force was it that ever pushed this wandering nomad on and o'er, across tiie seas, the rivers and the mountains, across the continent ? So far as we can now find the record evidence, the first man who was ever in what is now Bradford county was Conrad Weiser, an Indian interpreter. He was on his way to attend a council of the Iroquois^ or the Five Nations, at Onondaga, and passed up the Susque- hanna river, its entire length from the bay, and reached Tioga, the Indian town at the junction of the Chemung and Susquehanna rivers, March 29, 1737. This place was the "door'' to the Indian tribes to the north in New York, and here the traveler stopped several days and noted many of the peculiarities of the Indians. His journal of his trip was the first known to the world of the north branch of the wind- ing river that passes through tlie entire State of Pennsylvania. He was received with marked kindness, and partook of the food prepared by the great chief's bride, even eating it with tlie relish of a keen appetite after witnessing the mode of its preparation. He sums up his description of the settlement as consisting " of a few people, and all hungry," their chief food being the juice of the sugar tree. For a healthy person, who has camped out all his life, that was rather a deli- cate diet. This is the oldest record of the coming here of a white man, yet it assuredly is not the fact that there were none of the " pale faces " who preceded Weiser. The lower portion or mouth of the Susque- hanna river had beeen known to the whites more than one hundred years before Weiser came on his trip. The explorers, trappers and hunters, those restless busy, men who were spying out every nook and corner of the new continent, must have followed up so important a stream as the Susquehanna years and years before this man ]>assed through here on his mission to the Onondaga council. It was fifteen years after the interpreter came, 1755, that Lewis Evans published the first crude map of the "Middle British Colonies;" in this was the out- lines of what is now Bradford county, as well as this portion of north- ern Penns3'lvania and southern New York. The Indians had seen the "palefaces" before Weiser brought his here. His appearance was not regarded by them as either supernatural or even remarkable. They could converse with him as he understood their jargon, and could use signs, grunts and gestures that were much of the common language among the various tribes. In 1743, John Bartram, a noted English botanist, in company with Conrad Weiser, and Indians as guides, and Lewis Evans traveled from Philadelphia to Onondaga— leaving the former place July 3d — and they describe the "terrible Lycoming wilderness" through which they passed with much w^eary labor and suffering, as they slowly ascended HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 43 the river over the same route the guide Weiser had learned well in his pi-evious trip. These parties ]iassed on beyond Onondaga to the lakes. These men traveled on horseback, and so far as is now known were the first who had come with horse transportation. In 1745, Spangenburgand Zeisberger, missionaries of the Moravian Church, made a visit to the Indians along the Susquehanna river. They readied the Wyalusing village, June 11th. They, like the other visi- tors, were simply travelers on their way to the New York Indian Confederacy, whose headquarters were at Onondaga. Three years after this, in August, 1748, the Nanticoke Indians came up the river from the eastern shore of Maryland. A portion of this tribe stopped at the mouth of Towanda creek. They cleared small patches of ground, and the squaws planted and raised corn in the Indian fashion — planting year after year in the same hills, the only part of the soil they disturbed in their primitive agriculture. Zeisberger returned to Philadelphia, and two years later induced Bishop Caminerhoff to accompany him on an expedition to Onondaga. He had deeply intei'ested his superior in the church work along the beautiful Susquehanna. Like the other expeditions, they traveled all the way to Onondaga, making only brief stops at the many small villages along the banks of the stream. All this time these travelers bivouacked under the twinkling stars, or sought cover in the rude wig- wams of the natives, subsisting upon the game that fell in their way, or partaking of the not very delicate viands of the savage repasts. They had become inured to the hard life of travelers in the " terrible wilderness." WiUiam Penn, the great and pure man, had made his treaty in 1682 with the Indians, at Shackamaxon, and then for more than sixty years the province was at peace with the savages, and the friendliest inter- coarse existed between these two peoples. When this good man had long passed away, his Christian teaching had been forgotten, and the year that Weiser appeared as a traveler along the Susquehanna, 1737, the arts of deception and diplomacy were introduced in the trades for the Indian lands. Grasping at the possession of the lands and reck- lessness of honesty or integrity of their agents became a flagrant part of the intercourse with these simple children of the woods. The " walking purchases," in which lands were measured by walks, began to be used to cheat outrageously. The Delawares recused to recognize a treaty for their possessions of this kind, and would not remove from their lands. These were some of the first symptoms of what followed soon after, and is known in our history as the French war, in which the Indians sided with the French and were the tools of some of the bloodiest massacres in colonial times. After the defeat of Braddock in July, 1755, the whole frontier blazed out in war. In terrible fury the savages poured down upon the scattered defenseless settlers of the frontier. Some of the noted Indians who had been baptized into the church by the Moravian missionaries, apostatized and turned upon the people in implacable hatred. The Bradford county Indians, although some of them, it was supposed, had now become exemplary Christians, especially those at Wyalusing, joined in the war upon the whites and 44 HISTOEY OF BRADFOED COUNTY. forgot all Christian precepts as well as their friendship for the pale faces. The Pontiac war, the most noted m the annals of troubles with Indians, broke upon the country in 1763. Northern Pennsylvania was then the border settlement, the most exposed always to the fierce marauds of the savages. In May, 1760, Christian Fredrick Post, a Polish Prussian, and missionary of the Moravian Church, arrived at Papunhauk's village (Wyalusing), and preached the next day. This was the first sermon, so far as we can know, ever preached in the county. This place had rival chief men, Papunliauk and Job Chillaway — the latter speaking English fluently. They were Christians, and the Moravian Church sent to that place a missionary, Zeisberger, accompanied by a man named Anthony. Zeisberger was recalled to Bethlehem in 1763. The Moravian converts at Wyalusing were taken to Bethlehem for protec- tion from the raiders who were devastating the country. After the Pontiac Avar these good Indians returned, and the intrepid missionary, Zeisberger, accompanied by a man named Smick and his wife, returned to Wyalusing, where they were permanently stationed in charge of the Indian Church. The place was now re-named — Frieden/mtten — ^' huts of 2->e<^ice.''^ Another Moravian mission was at Sheshequi?!, at the mouth of Cash creek, where were a few families of the Monseij Indians. This place was reckoned a day's journey from Wyalusing. Kev. Eoth was the stationed missionary at this place. On August 4, 1771, his wife gave birth to a child, this is said to be the first white child born in Brad- ford county. CHAPTER IV- THE PIONEERS. A Comparative Study—'' The Simple Annals " of the World's Remarkable Men— The Hard Schools of Fate that Produced Them — The Silent Men of the Wilderness — Their Work — The Splendid Results and the Paucity of Resources at their Command— The Men AVho Made Emioration a Science and Built an Empire Founded on the Bible — The Saxon and the Gaul— The Fur Trade— The Coureurs des Bois— Etc. T HE ripest scholars are realizing that the "simple annals of the poor" is the interesting and most important branch of history; and it will come to pass that the history of nations will no longer be considered written and completed when there is the long and dreary recital of the kings' and princesses' lives and the doings of the royal nur- sery and bedchamber, where a great era is marked by a princely birth, baptism or death; or a long account is given of wars and battles in ^^.^^Wr^ -*r- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTS. 47 which the life and habits of the coinnuiiuler and his doings are the chief objects to be rehxted in the minds of tlie historian. (Jnce the history of a nation or peojile was but little more than a rescript of the morning- court bulletins; his supreme, august nuijesty's menu, and the commotion among the courtiers and vast army of retainers, when he opened for the day his blood-shot eyes; who had the honor of handing his supreme highness the towels; how he swore and kicked his grand master of the hounds; and then how the little ones were up betimes, taking their royal ])ori'idgefrom gold spoons, and such other miserable nonsense through volume after volume, to be read with consuming delight by all the living, and passed on to ])osterity as "liistory." Kings and their households, wars and the commanders, and the bloody battles they fought, were for centuries all that was supposed to be worth any attention from the historian. Il(n'alty was everything, the common people notning. The peoi)le believed implicity, because so all were taught, that this was tlie order of heaven; that fate Inid so ordained that one man and his household wei'e to have and enjoy the earth, and that all else was made to slave for and give up their lives at the whim or pleasure of this divinely-born ruler. The people were born to these monstrous beliefs, and the king, gen- erally the most ignorant and superstitious of all, believed that he was sent of God to do with the lives of the people what he listetl. To be looked upon by the king was a supi-eme honor, to be touched by his hand was to be cured of even incurable diseases. When he rode abroad, couriers with loud bugle blasts preceded and warned the peo- ple to clear the highway, to hide themselves, and to prostrate their bodies in the dirt. The king, though often the lowest and meanest man in the realm, was immaculate, possessing all wisdom, could not sin and could do no wrong. The average king and queen of history, if stripped of the miserable fictions and superstitions concerning their lives, will be found to be a shabb}' lot, with hardly a redeeming quality or a gleam of superior intelligence in the whole gang. In the nature of things, in the whole of their education, it was not possible for them to be either wise or good men and women. The beliefs drilled ; into them, commencing even before they could lisj), were inconsistent with good sense, and, therefore, in violation of all good morals. These wicked superstitions al)out royalty grew witli the ages, like the boys rolling a snowball, until the long sufferings of mankind l)ecame so frightful, and then the miseducated turned upon themselves, destroy- ing and rending one another, in the belief that it was all the results of their own wickedness and lack of faith and fealty to their " divine ruler." If here and there a genius was born, wlio dared to think the least bit aloud in behalf of suffering mankind, the}" would rush upon him like wild beasts and tear him limb from limb. It is but a brief century or two ago when this was the belief of the generality of mankind. It was an awful sentiment to prevail throughout the half-civilized world, and the marvel will forever remain, how it was possible in such conditions that civilization could advance at all. Yet it has advanced reo:ularl v. It is still advancino- notwithstanding that there is yet a very large contingent of men 48 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, making the same obstruction in its way that was so marked two cen- turies ago. The world slowly emerged from the dark ages— how it did so is one of the mysteries. Certainly man, like other things in creation, possesses inherent forces, that, in the long centuries, can not be resisted to evolve from the lower plane and spirally ascend into the purer air and the warm and better sunshine. Thestory of the American immigrants — the pioneers of this conti- nent—is by far the most important and really the most interesting of any of the great movements of the human race since the earliest dawn of history. It has remapped the entire world. Their lirst com- ing to America, so bravely leading the way for the innumerable throng to^follow, was the incomparable era in history, the turning point in the long struggle between ignorance and brutal life and that blessed civilization that is now^ running so brightly round the world. These early pioneers were the little persecuted bauds of the Old World, flee- ing from inflictions far worse than death, and in their rude ships brav- ing the dangers of the unknown seas on their way to the New World ; fugitives from the inappeasable wrath of their fellow-man, and espec- ially of their divinelyappointed king, they braved the treacherous ele- ments of the waters,' to land upon the shores of the cannibal savages, and the dark old forests that were alive with both wild beasts and wilder men, to beat them back or destroy them. Often there were colonies of them that had been fugitives ^all over Europe, and, when stripped of all earthly possessions, with nothing more than stout hearts and resolute hopes, they came across the ocean ; forgetting home and the bones of their dead, and their native land and its childhood memories, they came to create a new civilization. They made emigration a sci- ence, and founded the earth's greatest empire upon the old family Bible that thevhad so carefully kept and guarded in their long wanderings. These little bands, from Florida to Massachusetts, made their landings at points along the shore. Their first concern was a church service, to thank God for the free air they at last were permitted to breathe. These little colonies sometimes utterly perished from the earth, but there were others to take their places^md carry on the battle against savagerv. What odds, apparently, were against them in this contest, and yet'how these feeble beginnings have so quickly conquered and overrun the continent ! The savage man and beast, sickness in its multiple form of new and strange diseases, the absence of all resources to help the grim and hardy old pioneers, were some of the obstacles that they set about overcoming. The circumstances required religious, earnest, brave and hardy men, and such thev were supremely. They were made to want freedom because of their cruel persecutions at the hands of their fellow-man. Such an age would naturally create a new and distinct race of men, because man adjusts himself to his environments, and herein in this victory over the vast wilderness was the victory of all mankind, and it has given us the historical era in the movements, the advances and recoils of the human mind. These people had their strong prejudices and mastering super- stitions, and perhaps, in their times and circumstances, it were best it HISTOEY OP BRADFORD COUNTY. 49 should be so. Tlie\' ciiine from the Old World where these things were intrenched in the deep and hopeless ignorance of the masses. They were the first people in the world who in moral affairs looked to God, and in all else looked to tliemselves. Self-reliance and those nobler qualities of a nobler manhood could only come of such a school. With energies ever alert, and senses whetted to tiie keenest edge, they slept upon their arms, and from the cradle to the venerable grandsire everyone learned to do picket duty over his own life. Their lives are the evidence that the highest possible acquirement of a people is that self-reliance and robust manhood that quails before notliing that is mortal. This was the first loosening movement of men of those bonds that bound our remotest ancestors to the blind faith and adoration of their kings or rulers — tliat species of national fetich for the stupid or brutal- . born king — which grew up in all men's hearts, antl that seemed tomul- tipl}'^ as the royal master descended in the scale of life. Whether it were the new-born babe — a little, animated bundle of scrofula or inher- ited blood disease — or whether it were some coarse monster, a moral leper, idiot or madman, it w^as all the same ; he was their national fetich, and the meaner he was, it seems, the more sacred he became. The first arrivals on American soil that came here for homes and havens from the cruelties they had left behind, no doubt, were but little aware, either of the permanent effects to come of their move- ment, or of the deep causes that impelled them. Indeed, they felt that their loyalty to the king was unabated. Thank God, in this one thing they builded better than they knew ; otherwise we would have had no Revolution, no AVashington or Patrick Henry, no liberating of men's minds and bodies from the cruel thrall of the dreary past. The results that come as the effects of men's lives are the only tests by which we can measure the great and small. When we add to this test a consideration of the resources each one had at command then in the history of the race, where is there a people to compare with the American pioneer? This silent man of the unbroken soli- tude, this man of great action and of little Sj)eech, this unwritten hero, came and went with no trumpet's blast and blare, no note of fame, no shouting rabble nor train of flatterers — indeed with no other thought but that he was of no more consequence to the great world at large than the wild game he pursued and killed; yet in his greatest obscur- ity and humility he stood side by side with many of the w^orld's celeb rities, how incomparably would he rise above them. Our young school children learn to look with interest at the rather cheap wood-cut in the old school books, representing Napoleon on his white horse, his martial cloak flattering in the breeze, as at the head of his army he is seen crossing the Alps. He is the "Young Corsican," the "Little Corporal," the "Great Emperor," at the head of his invincible army and its fluttering eagles, on his mission of death and woe, conquering and subjugating the world by sword and fire. Kings were his playthmgs, and empire was his booty. It was new and ple- bian blood among the effete ami nerveless I'oyal breeding nests of the Old World. In his earlier and the better part' of this wanderer's career 50 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. the bluest blood from the longest line of royal ancestors was no more to him than that of the humblest soldier of the line. We can not know the bounds of this man's original ambition. Wliatever it was, there is but little doubt tliat in time it changed, and instead of being the world's liberator he would be its conqueror and oppressor. No man has ever yet met and missed so great an opportunity as did Napoleon. Had he devoted his genius to the true welfare of mankind — liberated them, and then by his military power forced them to accept the libera- tion and to recast their thouglits on the subject of every man's right to absolute liberty, instead of driving to the one mean and low thing of becoming the great emperor, of simpl}^ destroying existing dynas- ties to supplant them with yet more cruel ones, liow different might the storv of Europe have been to what it is now. How radically dif- ferent might have been the memory of himself left as the world's legacy. If this man ever were great, he fell from that high estate, perished ignobly, and is now literally nothing to the world. Had Napoleon been smothered in his cradle, it would have been no loss to mankind. His life was not great, because it was not good. He cared only for his own aggrandizement, and Avas indifferent as to the cost to mankind. It was a feverish, turbulent life, ending, as it deserved, in wreck and ruin, and the diiinken Parisian mob, when it toppled over the great mausoleum that held his remains, were nearer in accord with the eternal fitness of things than were the mistaken authorities who taxed the poor unpaid laborers of France to build the glittering obe- lisk. There is many a costly marble or granite pile standing guard over the moldering remains of some of the world's most conspicuous shams and frauds. To the clear-eyed man they are mere sores and blotches on the fair face of the earth, the ugly evidences of so much unpaid or slave labor, and are so many wretched object lessons to teach the young minds to meanly admire a mean thing. No monuments, mausoleums, tall shafts, halls or great art buildings have ever yet been reared to the memory of the original pioneers of America. Th. most of them sleep in long-forgotten graves; in the deep woods, on the mountain-side, b}^ the bubbling spring, at the outer edge of the ancient "clearin'," anywhere that was most conven- ient, were buried these men as they fell with their faces toward the com- mon enemy of civilization, scalped so often by the savage, and left to the wild animals, and their scattered bones carried to the dens of ravening beasts. These heroes were standing picket-guards for the oncoming civilization, for us, and the comforts and luxuries we now enjoy. In the ceaseless struggle tliat was going on, there was not even time to stop and mourn over the fallen brave, but as one would go down there in time were two to take his place. How far nobler were the aim and end of these humble men's lives than was that of Napoleon ! His was to conquer, enslave and destroy by fire and sword. Theirs was to reclaim, to make us homes, to lift up our civilization, and bring peace and permanent happiness; to supplant savagery with gentle intelli- gence, and build the empire of thought over tlie ruins of brute force. Here are the results of the unwritten, obscurest of men's lives placed side by side with the world's great military hero, the subject HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 51 somewhat stripped of this unreasoning adoration of the world's aver- age fetich. It is the contrast of the truly noble by the side of the admired and ignoble. It is the attempt, however feeble it may l3e, to direct the thoughts of men into higher and better channels. It is one of the true lessons of real history. It is worth imprinting on the minds of the young, and should be blazoned on the walls of the scliool-rooms, and hung in the halls and porches of the great institutions of learning. To produce such a gi-and race of men required a long course of preliminary preparation. Their love of freedom and their hatred of tyranny, their stubborn and resolute natures, to rising above that feel- ing of helpless dependence upon assumed superiors ; that peculiar frame of mind that dared anywhere and upon every emergency to rely upon itself and its own inherent resources, where no aid could come from others, where there were none of the arts or helps of civilization to call upon in sickness, in hunger, in death or birth ; no church, school, physician, blacksmith, mills, no nothing, save the implacable foes that fairly rose up out of the earth in legions to oppose his coming. The swarms of parasite and venomous insects, the rattling, hissing i^eptiles spotted with deadly beauty ; the howls of the hungry wolves, thepierc- ng screams of the panthers, and the savage war-whoops that oft woke the sleep of the cradle, were some of the things against which were raised the bare hands of tlie white man. Had these men stopped to count the odds against them, they surely would never have come — flying from present ills to those we know not of, and they did not stop, but, fearless and unconquerable, they moved ever to the front, shoulder to shoulder, silent and resistless. Mostly it is to the severe religious persecutions that three centuries ago overran Europe that we owe the people that came and the con- quering of the New World. This severe and blood}^ era was much of the preparatory school that bred the virile races of men destined to conquer and possess the wilderness, and cause it to bloom in peace- ful civilization. They were in the hunt of homes and the free temples of God, to worship and adore the Heaven Ifr Master with none to molest or make afraid. Here are now some of the results of these long and cruel persecutions. They were the fiery ordeals that brought forth the men and women, equipped for the great work that lay before them. "^ The Old World was sadly and cruelly governed, and of all these the bloodiest was that of Great Britain. Here were the peculiar, strong people, made to oppress, and to resist. On the one side full of the spirit of revolt, on the other simply savage and pitiless in repres- sion. Wild and unreasoning in their adoration and fealty to the crowned head, yet those rugged, wild, carousing old barons would lay down their lives for the king as readily to-day as they would chop off his head to morrow. Among no other people in the world's history would the nasal-twanged fanatic, Cromwell, and his terrible following have been possible. He was the noblest fetich smasher, particularly that ancient and deep delusion of "the divinity of kings," that has appeared since creation began. He enjoyed beheading kings and priRg§lets, shooting lorcl§ ^nl confiscating their landed estates, and h@ 52 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. picked up tinkers, hostlers, scavengers, anybody, the lower in the old order of society the better, in the hunt for men, real men without the tinsel trappings, and made them premiers, judges, chancellors and high state officers, and his psalm-singmg, praying army was a flaming sword and the fiery blast. Think of the man as you may, yet who can withhold some meed of praise and admiration for the sovereign contempt with which he kicked over the nation's idols, the assumed human divinities, bowed to by the nation as fetiches? Cromwell's school was the seed of America, its possession and independence. Back in the Old World, its travails, its persecutions and its bloody schools were laid the preparations and making possible North Amer- ica, and to-day, here as everywhere and in all time, are effects follow- ing causes. The Saxon and the Gaul, impelled by the same motives, came in parallel lines, crossed and re-crossed each other's paths in the wilder- ness. The immigrants to the New World were at first lured into the deeper forests by the fur trade, and the glittering wealth from this source was the incentive that bore along that wave of humanity that has covered finally the continent from shore to shore. The French about Quebec were originally the most successful in getting the fur trade. Among them grew up a remarkable class of men knowni to history as the oonveurs des hois — translated — "travelers of the woods." The peculiar times as well as people were necessary to produce this distinct class of men. They were land sailors, and something of their remains may now be seen among the w^estern cow-boys of the plains. They were young Frenchmen who had come to or had grown up in this country, who upon the slightest taste of nomadic life in the wilderness were enchanted by it, and they threw off the stern morals of the churchmen who were in control of Canada, and repelled by austerity at home and allured by absolute freedom toward the wild wood, they practically abandoned civilized life and adopted that of the wild man. They traveled, did these brave pioneers, among the Indians, learned their ways of capturing game and living, and these brave and hardy young men soon became much as naked barbarians. Their long light bark canoes shot around the bends of the rivers, floated along the cur- rents of the smaller streams, or were carried over the portage here and there ; they struck into the dark old woods, scaled the steepest hills and passed over the tallest mountains, and to every tribe and Indian village they traveled and were welcomed for the bright trinkets and fire water that they exchanged for pelts and furs. Sailor-like, these voyagers in the woods married scpuiws with great impartialit\^ in nearly every tribe and village after the Indian fashion. The Indian law required the purchase of wives for an agreed time, and these rollicking young out- laws no doubt often for a single colored glass bead completed the wed- ding trade for as many days as they would remain trading at that particular place. They in time could equal, if not excel, the Indian in making the light canoe, and then in handling it on the water. They Avere exj^ert hunters and marksmen with the long old-stjde match-lock guns, and they could make and use the bow and arrow. They spoke the Indian languaofe, and in raeetins: a new tribe with a new language HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 53 the}^ could readily by signs make their wants understood by the strangers. Tliey learned the streams and the countr}' well, and were familiar with the Susqueiianna and its br-anches for nearly a century before the pioneer settlers followed them to possess and hold it. While the authorities at Quebec were greatly scandalized by the immoral and reckless lives of these men, and enacted severe laws against them, yet they increased in numbers and were the builders of the fur trade that came to be the chief concern of the contending English and French at one time. These voyagers built up an impor- tant trade, as well as being the first to visit nearly every part of the unknown land. They would load their canoes with the little provision necessary, and the trinkets to trade and go oat on their fifteen months' expedition, and return laden with valuable furs. These they would sell to the merchants, and then in a few days' drunken debauch spend the entire proceeds, often selling the last rag of new clothes they had purchased on their arrival, and when everything was gone go to the trader and on credit get their meager sujiplies and outfit, and start on another fifteen months' expedition. Their commissary supplies were hominy and bear's grease— a bushel of l^^e hominy and two pounds of grease was a month's subsistence. To this meager fare they added but little of such as they could readilv get, and on it fared abundantly. When tlie adjustments of war came, these couretirs were the nucleus of armies that could successfully contend with the cunning and scattered savages in the forests and the swamj)s. CHAPTER V. EARLY SETTLERS. To THE Commencement of the Revolution — During the War the Country Abandoned by the Whites — Marauding Indians — Fox and Shufelt, the First Settlers — List of Those Follow- ing Them — First of the Susquehanna Company — The First Discoverers Unknown — Appearance of the Country — A Boy and Leather Breeches — Etc. AMONG the early immigrants to America, a strong and marked race of people were the Dutch ; these were among the first on the south line of the State — the oldest settled portions outside of the city of Philadelphia. Bradford county, being in the extreme northern portion of the commonwealth, was not settled for nearly one hundred years after the Dutch and Scotch-Irish had reduced to possession the bay and the mouth of the Susquehanna river. And here came the German Palatines, a people that were denounced in the father-land as religious outlaws, and had been driven out and turned their faces toward the New World, and landing in New York had located their 54 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. colon}' in Schoharie count}". It is said the British settlers had placed these Palatines between them and tiie Indians as a protecting- shield against the incursion of the barbarians — the strong and warlike Mohawks. Many of these people were not pleased with their treatment at the hands of the English of New York, and cast about for a new location. They heard of Penn's Woods, and many of them came in scattering bands to this province as early as 1727, and as they came from the North down, the Delaware and then again from tiie Mohawk, the short portage to the Susquehanna, and once upon the latter stream they would naturally float down and the moment the current brought them to what is now Bradford county, they beheld the beautiful land and coveted it. It is not known how early the first of these daring- explorers discovered the northern part of the Susquehanna river; nor is it more than conjecture whether the hunters and trappers were here before them or not. The reasonable supposition is that for at least a hundred years before the Palatines had migrated from the Old World, all this region of country along the Susquehanna was known to the Avhites. Who were they ? And when did the white-faced discoverer come ? These are questions that echo only can give any answer to. The Palatines came in 1710 to New York; how soon after this they were here is not now knowable. The best that is known is that in 1737, Avhen the Moravian interpreter, Conrad Weiser, came up the river on his way from Philadel})hia to the Six Nations, in the Genesee country, he found some of these Germans at Wyoming trying to buy lands of the Indians. Budolph Fox. — In the month of Ma}^, 1770, came two of those German relatives — Pudolph Fox and Peter Shuefelt [in time spelled " Shoefelt"']. Fox stopped at the mouth of Towanda creek, immedi- ately south of the borough, Towanda and Shoefelt continued on to where is Frenchtown. These were the first white families who under- took the work of making i)ermanent homes in what is Bradford county, whoever may have been here as mere travelers or hunters and trappers before them. The Penns had sent surv^eyors up the river, as high as Wyalusing, for the purpose of making surveys and allotting lands in that vicinity as early as 1769 — a year before Fox and Shoefelt came. Then, too, at or about the same time as these men, came the Connecticut people ; they had not only long been fulh^ acquainted with the beautiful country on the upper Susquehanna, but were ready to come and lay claim to it in the name of "The Susquehanna Com- pany." And the meager first arrivals from Connecticut were about the same time, or soon after, of Fox and Shoefelt. Some idea of the sociability of the first to arrive is seen in the fact that Fox settled at the mouth of Towanda creek, while Shoefelt continued on down to Frenchtown — these men were of the kind that wanted breathing room evidently — they had come from the Old World, crowded and cramped with wrong and oppression ; where liberty was scourged and coffined, and the very air was laden with taxation and tyranny.; where rulers w^ere many and great, and where the people were worse tiian mere chatties ; where ignorance and vileness were worshiped as " the King who can do uo wrong," and equally the masses could do " no HISTOKY OF UKADFORD COUNTY, 57 rio-ht;" where whatever ruled was a sacred fetich — the self-assumed vicegerents of God, born to waste in worse than drunken debauchery the hard and never-ending toil and bread of life of the people; where the ruling powers were rich aristocrats, who taxed and exacted the very heart's blood of all men; where the governments were paternal in all powers over the people; where men were educated into ignorance far below the dull ox on the hill sides; where men's beliefs, from in- heritance and wrong education through generations, were simply stolid and absurd. The most venomous idea in this world is the long-drawn- out beliefs that man, in his aggregate, must have a supreme ruling head, born so, and whether a scrofulous infant, full-grown idiot, mad- man or a two-legged impotent animal in the prime of life, utterly base, low and vile, ignorant or brutal, yet always the "good king" with supreme ])owei- to tax. to oppress and destroy. They are all rulers, sacred heads of the society or government, the most of whom have been worshiped because they have been utterly vile. Some barbaric peo- ples have worshiped toads, lizards, snakes, alligators and man-eatmg tigers, and other peoples who worship kings and princelings for their national fetiches speak of and regard with contempt the snake wor- shipers; but would not a modicum of sense reverse all this and justify the wild barbarian's contempt for this boasted better civilization? No man-eating tiger god was ever half so evil as the average royal rulers the world over. The worship of the toad is a harmless lunacy com- pared to that of any of the " divine rulers," that can " do no wrong," the average " infallible head " or ruler, whether king, junta, head and supreme war-makers and governors — the whole race of born paternalists from Alpha to Omega. The bee-hives have their queen and their drones and innumerable workers. The qu-een is born in her regal cell, and is fed on queen food. The workers sting the drones to death at the end of the season and cast out their dead bodies ; all but one of the queens are destroyed, and that one, while she does not go to the field with the workers to gather stores of honey, yet she has her duties and lays all the eggs for the colony that in time is to go out and make new hives. She is a real queen, a good queen, but never yet has she tried to tax all her workers and take from them all the honey they had gathered during the long summer. And these little insects have ages and ages ago reached a perfection of good sense and social organization that compared to the best that man has been able to do, is an ideal government; a high water-mark of intelligence that poor dumb man it seems can never hope to attain. The most astounding- thing of all in human nature is the unshakable tenacity with which men cling to ancient, disgusting ])ractices. Sujipose tliat you could put a million of men, the wisest the greatest and best men in all the world, chosen from every quarter of the globe, on some new world to themselves, and surround them with everything that goes to make them great, happy and contented ; they would not be in their new place ten days before there would be a convention called to select an all-wise, paternal ruler, — a taxer, who could fix at will the amount of tribute the others should pay him for fine houses, palaces, servants and standing armies, — his chief business would be to build harems and 4 58 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. call about him his favorites to help spend in waste, extravagance and debauches the hard-earned substance of the people, and, as a rule, the more intolerably infernal he would become the more wildly worshiped he would be. Well, every forty years or less an entire new generation of the fourteen hundred million people on the earth is born. This entire new race find things just about as their fore- fathers found them, and that settles it; the man who dares to ask "Why" ? is in immediate danger of losing not only his reputation but his life. Possibly this is the divine order; that we are so constituted that we can in no other way be happy than by being completely miserable, so we balance the books by striking the balance sheet between opti- mists and pessimists. The ver}^ dreams of the wildest theorists build their Utopias on the old plan, invariably; they can and have worked out some beautiful con- ditions and theoretical lofty surroundings, but the foundations, the fundamental ideas are those simply of the good old cannibal king of pre-historic times, — a "divine" taxer, and lest poor man might escape government paternalism somewhere in the great futurity, there are watchful gatekeepers to the high walls on his every pathway. In this respect, the wildest barbarians, yet too wild and crude to form tribal relations, without fire and naked, fighting for life on the outer borders of brute creation, at least are not taxed, are not blessed or cursed with a paternal ruler. The first arrivals of the Susquehanna Company came to Bradford county in 1YY4 — four years after the arrival of Fox and Shoefelt. They had built their little bark huts, much after the Indian fashion, and enlaroed the "deadenings" about them, and were now raising a little corn and a few vegetables, and had ponies and cows, and from the streams and the woods all the meat they wanted. When the ground was cleared enough for the sun's rays to play freely upon it, the rudest cultivation yielded the greatest returns. These first arrivals surveyed for themselves the long east and west townships, Wyalusing and Standing Stone. Among these settlers were James Welles and Robert Carr, at Wyalusing; Edward Hicks, at Sugar Run; Benjamin Budd, at Terrytown ; Anthony Rummerfield, at Rummerfield ; the Yan- Valkenbergs, at Misiscum ; Lemuel Fitch, at Standing Stone, and John Lord, at Sheshequin, St. John de Creve Coeur, a Frenchman, passed up the Susquehanna river, with Indian guides, in 1774. A report of his exploration was published some time after in France. He was an educated man and a close observer ; he says : " On the fifth day we arrived at Wyalusing, situated ninety miles from Wilkesbury. It is a plain of considerable extent and of great fertility. I observed that the blue grass had been replaced by white clover with which the pastures were covered. There were as yet only a few families living along the river. Their cattle were of great beauty. * * * Passing up the river they showed me the remains of the ancient villages of tl^e Senec as — Sissusing (Sheshequin) Teoga, Shamond (Chemung), etc. After three days' navigation, always against the current, we landed at Anaquaga, one hundred and eighty miles from Wilkesbury." HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, 59 Bv the next year, 1775, the Proprietories had made grants and set off and surveyed them to the grantees. Among others was that of Casper Hoover, nearly opposite the Dodge farm, at the upper end of Terrytown. Henry Pawling, of Providence, in 1775, purcliased of Job Chillo- way, the' Indian, tiie valley of Wyalusing and four rights in the Sus- quehanna Company, adjoining, and that year, with his three sons, Benjamin, Jesse and William, settled on their land. With this family came Isaac Hancock, as tenant and housekeeper, and, as laborers, they brought Richard Berry and a man named Page. The three Pauldings were voung men who afterwartl were known as among the wealthy, intluential people of the county. The Pawlings for years lived on the site of the old Moravian Indian town. Isaiah Pasco lived just north or above them on a lot owned by Elihu Williams, and still further on was James Welles and family, near where the old Foley house stood ; Nathan Kingsley was a few rods above the depot ; Amos York on the John Hollenback farm, and near him his nephew. Miner Robbins. Capt. Robert Carr was on the nortli of Wyalusing creek ; he sold to James Forsythe, and he in turn to Abraham I3owman. In 1777, settlements were made near where is Camptown in Wyalu- sing, and also along the river at Asylum, Standing Stone, Macedonia, Wysauking, Towanda, Lower Shesliequin and at Sugar creek, Pbili]) Painter and Leonard Lott were in Wilniot, on the Gamble ])lace. Benjamin Budd and his three sons, John, Joseph and Asa, and also Parker Wilson were located at Terrytown. Peter Slioefelt, companion in the coming of Rudolph Fox, was at Frenclitown, where were also James Forsythe, Samuel Ketchum (his ])lace afterward was the Willian Storr's place) and Samuel Cole and family ; Jacob Bruner and Ste[)hen Sara were at Macedonia. Anthony Rummerfield was the first settler on Rummerfield creek, and that stream bears his name; and at Standing Stone was Simon Spalding, Lemuel Fitch, fourof the YanAlstynes, Henry Birney, Charles Anger, John Pencil and Adam Simmons; these were mostly just below the York narrows. The Yan Yalkenbergs and Stropes were near the mouth of Wysox creek ; William Nelson, on the Banning place ; Isaac Larraway, senior and junior, and Samuel Showers were on the fiats nearly opposite Towanda. Jacob J^>owman was one of the first close neighbors of Rudolph Fox and Capt. John Bortles had made his "pitch'"' up the Towanda creek toward Monroeton ; John Neeley was at Greenwood. John Lord had settled in Sheshequin, on the Gore place, and he soon sold to William Stewart. At Tioga point was John Secord, family and two grown sons, James and Cyrus. A full account of the settlers at this point will be found in the chapter, " Athens Township." These constituted the beginnings of the '' Happy Yalley," at all events would have been, not only the happy, but as well the magically growing valley, had not cruel circumstances — in one sense like fate itself — come upon the people. There were the fewest of people, and 60 HISTOKY OF BRADFOED COUNTY. only the wide-scattered, rudest of huts with their bark coverings — witliout schools, churches, courts, officials, police, culprits, palaces, paupers, penitentiaries, or preachers, these people were laying the foundations of peace, happiness, wealth and a great empire ; they were a law unto themselves — industrious, frugal, honest and intelligent — the world's fairest models of self-government; living examples of how very little men need governing when really left by rulers to govern themselves. A healthy, robust public opinion was the strong, supreme law of the land, before which the most hartlened outlaw slunk away from the sight of men as do the ferocious wild beasts and the venom- ous vipers. A blue-coated policeman wnth his brass buttons and tin star would have been to these simple-minded pioneers as veritable a show as the elephant and his keeper pulling himself up b}^ his tusks and poking his head in the animal's wide-extended mouth. Think of a police court every morning consigning the poor over-night drunks to the rock-pile in those primitive days ! About the only officer of the government they ever knew w^as the tax-collector, and he Avas not seriously dreaded, for, even though the nation was young, as all sup- posed, hopelessly in debt, all her great institutions to build, yet the tax was then but a fraction of a cent to where it is now dollars. Money was very scarce, but so were paupers and millionaires. The modern reader need not shudder in pity over these "simple annals of the poor" — they were the contented poor, with little or none of that sordid greed that has been the fruitful source of so much of man's inhumanity to man. With none of the glittering and costly trappings of state, hardly able to realize they had a tax-gatherer, they had set about the noble life-work before them, and the rainbow of promise spanned their eastern skv. But in a moment through their '' sweetest of bhe plains " went driving the plowshare of war — the people rose up against their horrid King fetich, whose cruelties had driven the iron into their very souls, and finally on the altars of liberty they staked their fortunes and sacred honor. Driven to rebellion they were rebels, outlaws, with a price set upon their heads, and for seven long, dreary, cruel years the cloud of war hung over the land, the invading enemy on one hand, open and secret foes and spies in their own midst, and the prowling, pitiless red savages in the rear, marking the trail of his marauds by the smoldering ruins of pioneer cabins and the bloodiest of massa- cres. Did these men and women, think you, realize that all this infliction had come upon them because they and their ancestors had held to the implicit faith of the "divinit}^ of kings," the right of taxing at will the people? They were not in a condition possibly to know that the only " divine " thing in this world is every human being's right to "liberty and the pursuit of happiness," absolute and unrestricted. The roar of resounding arms — the harsh tocsin of w^ar drove out the people from the fair and happy valleys of the upper Susquehanna, and armed men in serried columns cut highways through these forests, where were only the few and small deadenings and blind paths before. The people fled for their lives to the forts in the older and heavier settlements, the men as best they could conveying their families to HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 61 places of comparative safety for the time, having-, when they left their backwoods cabins, left crops and kine behind them and departed at a moment's notice often ; and, as soon as the general rendezvous was reached, they would shoulder their rifles and join the army, and go forth with their lives in their hands — the long and indescribable cruel- ties and sufferings of war, invasion, rapine, "hired Hessians" murdering for lucre, and painted savages for even less compensation, the miserable instinct of cruelty confronting these men — pickets in the fore of civilization, and behind' them were their wives and babes and the dark, uncertain hope that hung only as a deep pall above them. For seven long years Bradford county was again the gloomy, silent wilderness, with no sign of life save that of the fierce growl of lighting wild beasts, the war-whoops of fiercer men, or the crack of the long black rifle, as some enemy of mankind bit the dust and laid his bones to bleach on the hill-side! The women and children to the forts, the men to war and the rare Tory to Canada, and the upper Susquehanna was again a lonely desert. On the heels of the fugitive pioneers came the Imlian marauders, headed by Englishmen, determined to stamp out forever all rebellion against the '' sacred King "—wash it out in blood and burn it up with Are, and behind these pitiless woods' people was the great English Empire — the bloody Anglo-Saxon, turning in inappeasable wrath upon his own kith and fdn, unleashing the dogs of cruel, horrid war. The forts were besieged and overpowered, and the bloodiest border massacres of the Revolution were enacted along the banks of the beautiful blue Susquehanna, when finally Washington sent Gen. Sullivan's expedition, and then the heavy heel of the Son of Man came with one fell crushing blow upon the head of the serpent. Gen. Sullivan cleared the beautiful valley of these devils incarnate, killing the men as fast as he could reach them, and then destroying their villages, driving off their stock and destroying the last vestiges of their crops — a very lesson of destruction both to the savages and their white allies. Then again the white man began to venture on these grounds ; hunt out the little spot where stood the cabin, now gone in smoke and a scattered handful of ashes, and the unconquerable pioneer, undaunted, set about the work of re-making his wilderness home. Nothing can be more tiresome than that dyspeptic sentiraent- alism that is now possible at rare intervals among American writers, who carp at what they call Sullivan's cruelty to '"Lo, the poor Indian," on the occasion of his expedition. Red or white, he struck to kill, as was his high and holy duty, and these hysterical outgivings — carpings that he came with real soldiers, instead of praying missionary women, to appease with gifts and burning aromatic incense these children of Satan — is a travesty ujion common sense. Hardly was the ink dry on the parchment that contained the treaty of peace when the eager Susquehanna settlers were again ready to pour into the valley and build anew their cabins on the little spot of ashes that was the onlv remains of their former homes. This border- land for more than seven years had been the scene of the march of sol- diers and the stealthy, prowling men in moccasins and their white con- querers. These had crossed and recrossed each other's tracks-the white '63 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. man most often in hot pursuit of some band fleeing from the lower settle- ments where they had swooped down in the darkness and committed some horrid slaughter and stolen the horses and cattle of their poor vic- tims ; many of their acts of refined cruelty were in stealing the children of the whites and carrying them away and keeping them in captivit}^, leaving a poor mother to waste the remaining years of her life in the pursuit or vain hope of recovering their precious babes. A little girl child was stolen and carried up the Susquehanna and adopted into the tribe, and was never again found by friends until long after she was a woman and the wife or squaw of an Indian. She refused at that late day to return to friends and civilization. Much additional particulars will be given of these pioneers in the respective chapters relating to the thirty-seven townships that consti- tute Bradford count^^ It is enough to say here that the development of the county was slow indeed — the people came in a little stream and never in swarms or colonies, as has been the casein some of the Far- West new territories. They encountered many obstacles then that are known not of in this age. For fifty years the advance was so slow that it was hardly more than perce):)tible; the dark old woods melted away reluctantly, and easy or rapid transportation was unknown to them. The children of even the most favored or wealthy, while they had nearly everything they wanted, were ignorant even of luxuries such as our present children demand as common necessities. Man}' a young man of that day was big and old enough to go " a-sparking " — that is what they called love-making in those simple, honest days, before he had become the happy possessor of a pair of boots. The young man of to-day breathes nearly a different atmosphere to that of the boys or young men of fifty years ago. One of these old-time boys, whose head is now white with many winters, recently recounted some- thing of his boyhood to his interested listeners. He was born in Bradford county of parents of more than the average advantages of wealth. He remembers every process of raising the flax and clipping the wool, and from that to the home-made clothes that dressed the en- tire family; how the ox was slaughtered in the fall, and the younger cattle in the spring and summer, and the hides were carried to the tannery and returned home ; and then the annual visit of the shoe- maker shod all around, the big and little in footwear that was worn with infinite pride, but each pair must last a whole year; how when he was large enough he hired out and rode one of the neighbor's plow horses while the man plowed his crop of corn, and three days the boy thus endured the sharp bare back; and when the man settled up he paid him two ten-cent silver coins — a picayune a da3^ and how, while he pocketed his wages in silence, as he trudged his way home, he took tlie coins out of his pocket and threw them into the brush by the wayside and huted the man most cordially all his life for his mean- ness. This man could draw a vivid picture of his boy life in this then comparatively new country, especially in the long walks the chil- dren often took to the log cabin school house, and while it was before the day of free schools, yet a large family of children then cost their parents less outlay of cash to educate them than each average child I I HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 63 now costs. This venerable man can tell yon that in his young manhood he commenced life for himself, without capital or even the backing of strong friends, and opened a store, and at one time sold more goods every week from his store in Towanda than is now sold in the same length of time from all the many stores in the borough. While the boys of to-day will hear of the boys of fifty years ago, and pity them, yet it is a fact that the young man of to-day^ is under very many disadvantages in the comparison of then and noV. Now, unless the young man has inherited capital, he must seek employ- ment as a rule from others, and it is very much more difficult to become an emplover of others than it was at one time. Capital and society have been recast. Capital has been aggregating, and the small beginners are smothered out; the country store, with its limited stock of goods, is more nearlv in direct competition with the great city stores than formerly ; and so of every other branch of business. The avenues to success are being slowly but surely closed up — fewer employers, and the army of employes constantly growing and expanding. In such surroundings the struggle for life, with all those who must struggle at all, will grow harder and harder. To use a phrase that is not exact — national wealth will more rapidly increase in these conditions, but so will the numbers of the poor and, alas, too. the numbers of those out of employment and seeking it. While stagnation is death, yet all change is not improvement. It is easy for us to say our society is now better — the nearest perfect the world has seen; that we have those things that contribute to our happiness in the highest degree ; that our schools and churches and the laws are better than ever known to the world before. There are pros and cons to all this self-laudation. We have better food, clothing, houses and drainage, and the average of life is longer than it was wlien our ancestors were first struggling here ; but we have more penal institutions, asylums, feeble-minded homes, soup houses and actual starvation; crimes wholly unknown and a class of criminals that our grandfathers never heard of; and one feature that is wholly new, and that is the bequest or gift outright by one individual of the enor- mous sum of six million dollars to the church and school, and hundreds of others giving nearly similar amounts, and yet the State has taken charge of educating our children, and from free schools and endowed universities and colleges laws are being passed to compel i)arents to send their children to school. And, amid it all, the demand exceeds the supply on every hand, except on the evil side. Honest simplicity is never an ungainly thing — it may call for a smile of pity, but never a tear. Phenomenal school children, cunning and tricky street Arabs of the city may know many things that George Washington never learned. The dullard boy of to-day knows more of fast living than did the brightest boy a hundred years ago; but does he live longer or enjoy it more 'I A Boy and Leather Breeches. — At the beginning of this century one of the sore needs of the people was wool with which to make clothing. The scarcity of this article was the mother of the idea of dressing deer-skins and making clothing. They were soon able to dress these skiuF, and they were soft and pliable, and the art of giving 64 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. them a slight buff color was learned, and when made into trousers they resembled modern nankeen, and to this was soon added a bright color for the fringe around the deer-skin hunting shirts — these were soon worn with as much pride as a militiaman once strolled under his waving rooster feathers. '•^Doeskin " pants, as these leather trousers were sometimes called, were no doubt in their time quite dudish. The pioneers had their own amusements, and had more time to be amused tlian have our modern get-rich-quick people. They had far greater wealth then than now, in the way of dogs and many children; and if in the family was a rat-tailed spotted horse, the big bo3^s of that fortun- ate household were, not only rich, but happy. Fifteen children and forty- two grandchihlren, to say nothing of the great-grandchildren, reveled in all the needed prospective wealth of the eldest male Monte Cristo, in the "old man's" long squirrel gun, and the short, slim-tailed spotted horse, that in the course of nature would come to the expectant and hopeful heirs. It is a portentous fact that these peculiar guns and horses were far rarer in those good old times than are railroads and millionaire bondholders now ; and the prospective heir was far more happy, as well he might be ; and we know that great and splendid wealth is wholly in the variety of the dower, and not in any intrinsic values. For instance, our modern idiots dote on diamonds and similar miserable and useless trash, all not only worthless, but worse than bubbles. Compare these with cur dogs, sixteen children and a rat-tailed spotted horse and a flint-lock, long-barreled squirrel gun, and then please exploit yourself" a ass" in the stupid faith that the new order may smile in contemptuous pity upon the great past. Poverty then and"^ riches now, no sir! It is base diamond-crowned delusion now, and it w'as the gun and pony then — real substantial wealth versus a lunatic's dream. A glint of sunlight is worth more than all the diamonds and rubies the^vhole world has ever contained — and a dog, flint-lock and a calico pony, granting him a fair share of pole-evil and string-halt, is a solid, intrinsic reality ; a real wealth to dower fifteen towsley brats, and make them lords and ladies all. Then, too, the pioneers and their " brats " had amusements far better than anything we now know. Sugar-making camps in the early spring, when the sweet sap from the maple flows, when the whole neighborhood would go to the woods and camp and make sugar and thai dark and delicious syrup. Why our effete youngsters know not enough to dream in their lifeless way of real fun — life in its highest and best form. One hundred vears ago the people knew how to really live — live for all that healthy, bounding life is worth. The woods were full of game and the streams of fish, and hunting, trapping and fishing commenced as soon as children could toddle, and continued with no game laws interfering, as long as old age could again toddle. The nightly concerts of the wolves and panthers would literally knock silly our make-believe tragic operas ; two gew-gawed " lumaxes " singing out their mad duel, fought with paper swords, and another fellow stabbing himself with a bar of soft soap, accomjmnying the act with such boss bullfrog croaking as of itself ought to kill the lunatic as well as the audience. The pioneers had great hunting frolics, log J^.<^.^^.uo^ lllSTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 67 rollings, and real courting that was give-and-take like the strokes from a blind mule's hind quarters comi)ared to this modern dude-lolling. Towanda creek especially was noted for the number of its rattle- snakes, and nearly every year hunting i)arties were organized, and at the meet divided off under captains, and contest as to which party could kill the greatest number of rattlers. Our modern men hunt snakes, but the kind that is corked up in bottles, whose bite is so intoxicating that men seek them out and actually pay so much a nip. And other things have changed as much as ancient and modern snake hunting. One of the old-time boys, so old that he remembers an incident in his life that occurred eighty years ago, relates the following : He was promised that if he would for the next month be a real good hoy —that is, work to the utmost limit of endurance— thela he might go afoot five miles to the shop and see the man pound hot iron. His imagination w^is fii'od at the very thought — was ever a boy so rich in anticipation — a real blacksmith and pounding hot iron and the sparks fly- ing in every direction and they never burned up the smithy,— a sure enongh king of fire, and his parents had promised him an afternoon holiday to go and see all this for himself! Time with that bov now lingered, loitered and fooled away his gallop along the way incom- parably slower than it now does with the hard-up young man who knows the ''old man " has made his will and there's millions in it for him, except the old man is awful healthy— has neither manners nor regards for his only hopeful and chip-of-the-old-block son ; if the lov- ing son only had energy enough he would poison the old duffer. But this is wandering from the boy that, if the slow^-coach time ever did get around, was going to see the hot iron pounded. His mother and sis- ters realized that the boy must have different clothes— must be dressed well, as w^ell as all over,*'to go on that great expedition ; he had a pair of "doeskin" trousers and roundabout of the same, and on a pinch could wear his father's moccasins, but he had no cap; a solemn coun- cil convened, and as a result of its deliberations a cat was killed, the skin dressed with the tail left hanging down his back for a queue. The great dav did arrive and the boy went, and as good lack would have it the sniithy was not too drunk to work, and his visions w-ere more than realized. The smithy, with a tooth for enjoyment, took in the situation when the gawking boy was looking on so intently as he worked the bellows and slyly spat on the anvil and jerked out the white heated metal and struck it a tremendous blow, and the loud explosion nearly frightened the lad to death, and he confesses that he was a married man and had children before he had any other thought but that the anvil, the hammer and the smithy had all exploded at the same time — a veritable cataclysm to him, and tliat the creature was supernatural was evidenced that it could not kill him, as he pounded away right merrily. When that boy returned he was the hero of all the children for manv miles around— all of them went to church, or meeting rather, the following Sunday to see him. The nods, frowns and thumb-jerking of the old folks could not control them— the good divine thundered his 68 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. thirty-seventhly louder, but in vain; tlie children for once did not quake when he, a last resort with the good Sliephei'd when all else tailed to interest the people, as he called it, would '' lift the leds of hell and show them the fires," the children, the boys especially, had heard that before, but had never before known a boy that had been up to see hot iron pounded, and the poor preacher, parents, pickled rods, etc., were unheeded, and they gathered about the real hero of the day, who told them all he saw ; that is all that he had words to express. Happily, children can makethemselves understood to children, and there was never a boy at meeting that day but who went home witli the high resolve that, come what might, some da}^ he too would go and see the blacksmith pound hot iron — utterly reckless of consequences, some day when he had a pair of " doeskin '" ti-ousers, like those his big brother always wore when he went a-courting, he would go and his mother and sisters could not scare him out of it, especially if he could get hishairroached, and look big and not afraid ; hadn't he already gone clear out to the wood-pile one night, and although he heard a screech-owl he held onto his armful of wood and landed it, with a good deal of clatter, it is true, on the floor by the chimney corner — and then foolish girls talk to him about being afraid of pounded hot iron, even if everything and smithy too did burst, what of it? — ffo he would! Simply as a matter of relish of life can you imagiue anything, anj^- wiiere of modern days, that in tiie least compares with this instance in pioneer life? All true life is in the mind's excitation, the mental exul- tation in expectancy that fills the cup to the brim and it overflows. It is but one in every pioneer family of the land, where things were pure and primitive — when neither children nor grown persons died of ennui — when children had hardly anything as toys or luxuries that could be called " bougliten." Wliy is it that the children who never had a doll, except rag ones of their own making, remember their child- hood with so infinite a zest that it is beyond all comprehension of the modern child that is loaded and even oppressed with its multitude of elaborate and expensive toys? Luxuries, exj)ensive and valuable lux- uries, costing great sums of raone}^ and that are beautiful and fragile, are not what the cliild Avants, unless the little one is first trained out of all natural sweet childhood. The boy that gets some person to bend a pin for him, and provides his own string and fish-pole, for his first fishing in the shallow puddle, has incomparably more delight in fish- ing than is ever known to the coddled child of wealth who when he is nearly grown is allowed to go with a groom and fish with one of these expensive tackles that can be purchased at the sporting store. It is the boy fourteen years old who looks forward to the day Avhen his father will buy a new cap or hat, and give him the old one to dress up in and go to meeting, who will remember longest his triumphs and joys in the acquisition of new clothes, or anything and everything that comes to him in his callow days. The modern boy and man for that matter looks back upon the pioneer times and shud- ders at their primitive simplicity, because he is ignorant of the fact in the premises; he gratifies every appetite, and they in succession cloy and he gets drunk, if he has the energy, or might commit suicide, and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 69 has but the one consolation — that he didn't live l)efore tiiey had rail- roads and unifornietl sprvants and waiters on every hand, and lie may have looked t'oj-ward to the one glory of death, of being buried in a suit cut anil made in Paris. Expensive and artificial life is not a bound- less joy — rather it is the keen earnestness of simplicity — gratified rarely, but always intensel3\ CHAPTER VI. THE LOG CABIN. The First Brush Cabins — The Improved Ones— Etc. THE log cabins of the pioneers were the powerful lever that pressed the Indians tiiat skirted along the Atlantic shore back to^vard the xVUeghanies, and then across the mountains and on to the Mississippi river, and across tliat and then to the Kocky mountains, and eventually across these snow-clad ranges and down the slope and finally to the Pacific ocean. Nearly three hundred years were consumed in these long and often bloody journeyings of the two peo- ples so distinct in color, race and instincts. They were antagonistic races that could not well exist together. The Indian's supreme im- pulse was that of absolute freedom — liberty in its fullest extent, where there was no law other than that of physical strength and courage, might was right, and from that the weak had no appeal save that of the stoic's div^ine right to death. The Indian's deatli-song was there- fore a part of his deep-seated philoso]ihy, and whether cooped up on the tall cliff— Starved Rock— and slowly starved to death, slain in battle, or dying of disease, his last and supreme act was to chant his weird death-song. Death then was not his one dreaded, invisible foe. When he could fight and kill no more, then it w^as his friend — the angel with outstretched wings in his extremity, tenderly carrying him away from his enemy and his pain. His ideal was that animal life typified in the screaming eagle of the crags, or the spring of the striped tiger, wdiose soft foot had carried it in reach of its unsuspecting prey. The rugged and w^eather-beaten ]Moneer, he or his ancestors had fled from tyranny and religious persecutions, severely austere toward his own real or imaginary faults, w^elcoming any inflection that would only purify, as by fire, his soul, and fleeing from the persecutor of the body, he erected' his altars to a God that was simply inappeasable, not only for his own sins, but for the yielding to temptation of the flrst mother of the human race, and this he unfalteringly believed " brought death into the world and all our woe." This creature of curious con- tradictions, while over-exacting toward himself, and w^elcoming any <^0 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and all self-inflicted strifes, slept on his arms for anything mortal that dared to intimate an approach on his religious rights or beliefs — yield- ino- all to his God, he would yield nothing to anyone or anything else. He would put a padlock on his mouth, that it might not speak evil, and his very thoughts in the stocks, that he might not think evil — silence and dreams of the glories of heaven alternating with the groans and outcries of the damned, and eyes closed to all earthly things, he even tried to control the strong impulses of his heart in its love for wife or children in the fear that God would be jealous and might blast forever his soul with a frown. And from the depths of bis troubled life he would cry out that he could do nothing to please God — that he was utterly unworthy and totally wicked; that his whole inheritance, throu^ii a'thousand ancestors, was sin, and it would be but a supreme mercv in his Maker to cast him out forever. He invented his own penance, inflicted his own judgments, clothed himself in sackcloth and ashes, and finally consigned himself as the only mercy he deserved to the endless tortures of hell. This was the fugitive, the waif cast upon the troubled waters, that came from the Old to the New in the hunt of religious liberty and a home. Unkempt and unwashed, rough and storm-beaten, with long, bushy hair, and in his leather jerkin, this apparition stood before the savao'es of the valley of the Susquehanna, rifle in hand, one foot thrown before the other, braced, erect, his keen eye directed straight into the wild man's soul; there he had put his heavy foot down, and the quick instinct of the savage told him never to take it up again. The wild man struck like the coiled snake; the crack of the white man's rifle echoed through the old forest trees and stilled the serpent's rattle forever. The first habitation w^as an opened-faced brush house, if such a thino- can be called a house at all. It was between two trees standing close together — a pole across, and leaned against this was brush, bramble and leaves piled on ; two wings projected from the ends simi- larlv constructed, and the whole front open, and here was the camp firel The furniture was a pile of dry leaves on one side of this brush dwellino-. This w^as rather a poor protection, 3^et there was a time when it has been all some of the earliest pioneers had during their first long winter in the remote wilderness. They possibly had simply wintered there intending to resume their journey when warm weather came. Sometimes they thus camped, waiting the fall of the high waters in the stream. These advance couriers of civilization were encumbered with no camp equipage ; the old heavy rifle, and the hunting knife, and the few leather clothes they wore were all they had. Then, too, they may have reached the one spot in the wilder- ness thev had traveled so "far to find. Just there a stream or a spring of sw^eet water, the giant trees extending their strong protecting arms, and the abundant evidences of game on every hand may have been the determining cause, or, as was often the case, living away back in Massachusetts or Connecticut, the young man had met some hunter and trapper, and had made eager inquiries as to where he could find the best place in the new country, and the hunter IIISTOKY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 71 had mapped out to his mind the long road to that particular spot. How he would pursue a certain course, guided by the sun and the North Star, or the moss on the trees, and just where he would cross certain rivers and streams, and follow these to such a point, then deflect to the right or left and strike a certain prairie, and after a while he would pass a mound or a lone tree, and then in the blue distance a point of timber, and from that another point, and then for davs and days upon the prairie sea, and again reach- ing the timber another stream, and follow up that to where a creek or°arm emptied into it, thence up that stream, and a small prairie, and a grove, and then on and on to the timber and streams again, and here a'spring would be reached— a natural camping place and per- haps the end of the long journey, and to-day his grandchildren born on the old farm where he first stopped and ])ut up his brush house may not know or be able to iind the spring that was his objective point when he so bravely started from his old pioneer father's home in the east. The brush^ covering protected him somewhat from the inclement elements, the fire in front served a double purpose— it warmed and dried him when wet or cold, and kept away the fierce wild animals that otherwise would have attacked and devoured him. If during the night it burned low, the screams of the panther or the howls oF the close-coming wolves would admonish him to throw a few sticks on the fire, or sometimes amuse himself by tiring at the eyes of the beast that was so near him that its gleaming eyeballs make an excellent target. The first months of this man's life were passed in the most primitive manner. He procured food by his rifle, supplemented with the natural fruits and berries of the woods, learning to eat many of the roots lie could dig. He neighbored much with the Indians, and often got of them some of their coarse materials for making bread. The one chief deprivation, both to him and the Indians, was the want of salt. This no doubt was the one luxury of which he would often dream that he had left behind him when heVentured out from civilization. Early in the spring he was hunting in the woods for the wild onions that are among the first to push their green stems above the soil, and in the wild sheep-sorrel he found the delicious acid that his system so much needed, then the May-apples, and then the berries, the paw- paws, the nuts and wild grapes, the buds, the bark of certain trees,and at a certain time in spring tlie top root of the young hickory, were all in their turn within his reach, and were utilized. This was the first little wave, the immediate forerunner of the round log cabin. He had soon learned many of the Indian ways, and their expedients in emergencies. He was a demonstration of the fact that a civilized man will learn to be a wild man in less than a fifteenth of the time it will take to teach a savage to become civilized, or to like any of the ways and habits of civilized life. Had he forgotten to think of this lonely, silent life? He would visit his distant neighbors in their wigwams, approaching as quietly as they, enter with a grunt, seat himself, light his pipe, and all would sit and smoke in silence. An occasional orunt or a nod of the head, but never a smile; 72 HISTOKY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and this had come to be his idea of enjoyment in social life too. He learned to goto the deer licks, as had the Indians, for other pm'poses as well as those of finding the deer there and shooting them. He had learned to find certain clays that the savages ate. He soon knew as much of wild woods life as did the natives. One da}^ late in the spring, while hunting, he met an Indian, who startled him with the news that a pale-faced neighbor had come and actually had settled as near as fifteen miles up the creek. This was the most astounding news he had ever heard. Only fifteen miles — why, this is settling right in my door-yard, and not so much as even saying, by your leave ! Can it be possible? I can't stand too much crowding. He quits the chase, and returns straight to his cabin, cooks and eats his supper, and sits on his log and smokes and thinks, yes, actuall}^ thinks, till his head fairly swims over the day's news. He goes to bed and sleeps and dreams, and millions of people are pouring into his cabin, and behind them still comes the eternal stream of humanity, laughing, crying, shouting, struggling, and the great wave is upon him, and he is being smothered, when, with a mighty effort, he wakes, and the owls are hooting from the treetops, and the wolves are howling be3'ond his cabin their mighty lullabies. And he is so thank- ful it is but a dream, but he again thinks over the news, and finally determines on the morning he will go and visit his near neighbor and make his acquaintance, and turns over on his dry leaves and is once more sound asleep. He pays the visit the next day, and his sudden and strange appear- ance is nearly as great a surprise to the newcomers as was the news to him the day before. He finds the man busy chopping, and for the last mile had been guided by the ring of the ax, and seated on the log, they tell each other the latest news from the settlements and from the wigwam villages. The new neighbor tells him that he and wife had come on foot from Vermont, and had arrived some weeks ago, and did not know that they had a white neighbor within a hundred miles. He described how^ he had carried the rifle, the ax and the few little things, they had brought, and his wife carried the hoe, the only farming im- plement they had, and hung on the hoe over her shoulder was the small bundle of her earthly possessions ; that they had heard of the rich country in the Susquehanna valley, and had got married and started for the good country, where they could make their home and their farm, and in time hoped to have a plenty ; they had planted the two or three potatoes, the half dozen pum])kin seeds and the few hills of corn, and the first year they ho])ed to raise some seed. The gun, the ax, an auoer and the hoe were their marriage dower with which to start life. They had brought a few trinkets, and on their way had exchanged these for some skins and furs, that were so necessary. The man and wife had put up the round-log (or pole) cabin, and covered it with bark. It had simply a door for entrance, and a stick-and-miid chimney — no floor, except such as nature had made, but here and there was laid a dried skin, and in one corner the man had made a one- legged bedstead, and crossed this with raw-hide whangs to support the bedding of skins. It is made by making the one leg, and then in HISTORY OF JUIADFORD COUNTY. 73 the corner of tlie room you bore a hole in eacliwall; one of these holes receives the side rail from the post, and the other receives the end rail from the same post. The two walls of the building form the other side and end of the bed, and there you have it — fit for a king! if the mind is content. Upon these primitive beds of our fathers has come as sweet repose as ever found its way within palace walls, and on the great mahogany teester bedsteads draped in silks and satins and the costliest laces. The small ''clearing and girdling" was planted by the wife most- ly, while the men felled trees, chopped logs and gathered and burned the fallen timber. The wife worked with the heavy hoe, and the man with the ax and guH. The few seeds they planted grew at a remark- able rate, and now they had in store a little bread, a few vegetables and abundance of meat. His gun and traps had brought them meat and fur and feathers, and hone}' they had found in abundance in the forests. Before the year had expired the_y made a raft, and loaded it with their stores, and went to the trading post, and exchanged honey, furs and pelts for such manufactured articles as they needed, and am- munition and salt. They had enough to buy a pou}' of the Indians, and by the second year were farming in great content. But a few years have passed, and the land begins to be dotted with log cabins. That is, every few miles on the way could be seen in the distance the blue curling smoke lazily ascending from these outside, low, mud-and-stick chimneys. This, now, is the glorious log-cabin day and age. Let us examine one, and if we can, secure the shadow ere the substance has gone forever. As you approach you are impressed with the squat and heavy, solid appearance of the building. The roof is of split clapboards, weighted with heavy poles. There is not so much iron as a nail in all the building. The batten door is made of the same kind of boards, and swino^s on wooden hinges, and has a wooden latch, to which is attached a leather string that passes up and through a small hole to the outside. To pull this string is to raise the latch and permit the door to open. To lock the door it is only neces- sary to pall the string inside, and then no one on the outside can open it. Hence, there is much friendly significance when one says to the other, "my latch string always hangs out for you." You will notice as you ap])roach that to your right and near the end of the cabin, but some feet in front of a line with the front of the house, is a very small cabin, a kind of baby to the main building. This is the meat house. The lord of the manor is evidently a little proud of this larder, and hence it sets a little in front of the line of the dw^elling. It be- speaks for him a good pi'ovider, "and juicy hams and red gravy," galore. Farther ofi: there you see the stables covered with straw, and the stacks of grain and hay, and over there in a long rack made of rails crossed over a pole about two feet high, filled with straw, and about the premises are cows and calves, and horses with long hair and bushy manes and tails, and razor-back hogs, the largest parts apparently the head, from their long snouts. On every hand there are evidences of plenty and content. Pull the latch and walk in where a hearty and cheery welcome will greet you, even the long-haired 74 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. curs will " bay you a deep-mouthed welcome," that will be stopped onl}^ by the authoritative voice of the master. The wild blazing iire, extending nearly across the whole end of the house, adds to the bright- ness, and the iron lard-lamp, with a rag for a wick, the recent great improvement on the scraped turnip that did duty as a lamp, you hardly notice as it burns away stuck in a crack in one of the logs. The good wife and the strong and red-cheeked girls are preparing the evening meal. The spare ribs hanging in front of the fire are turned fre- quently, and their odors at once- whet your already keen appetite. The bread is in the oven, and on this is a lid with the edges curled up to hold the heaps of coal that are on the top, while there are still more under the oven. An iron pot is hanging by the crane, and is boiling furiously. While these preparations are going on, take an inventory of the room. You are in one of the two split-bottom chairs. The old chest can hold or be seats for three or four of the family ; then thei'e are two or three three-legged stools. Then there is a bench made of a split log with legs to it, that is, seats all along one side of the table, but is moved around at pleasure. Over there is "granny" with her "specs," the brass rim nearly worn out, and all looking as old as she does excejit the new yarn string that holds them in place. That is her corner, on her low stool where for years and years she has knit and knit and knit, never stopping, even when she told of when she was a. little girl, and often lived in the foi't when the Indians would go marauding over the land. At the other end of the 14x20 room are two beds standing end to end, with barely room for a person to squeeze between them. On these are such fat high feather beds, and over these such gay-figured red and light-figured woolen coverlets. These were woven away back in the old settlements. Such o-orffeous fio-nres, sometimes eao:les with outstretched wings, or horses and dogs or buffaloes, and even in a square m one corner were elabo- rate attempts at letters, but which as you never could see exactly right side up you could never read. A gay calico " vallance " hung around the legs of the bedstead, and you know that these hide under each big bed a trundle-bed. You see this was the original folding bed, and from this at one time universal part of the furniture of the cabin came that barbarous exjiression from some old sour bachelor about " trundle-bed trash." Opposite the door, which stood open nearly the year round except at night, is the window, the half of two of the logs cut away, making a hole a little over a foot wide and two feet long, and the light comes through greased ])aper that covered the opening. The floor was of puncheon — split logs; the face dressed down nicely with an axe, and the edges tolerably straight, but cracks frequent. On the walls hung strings of sage, onion tops and a beautiful wreath of red pejiper. Some loose boards were laid -on the cross-beams, and the stairway was cleats fastened to the wall. This was the girls' boudoir, and from the rafters hung dresses and female clothing, and in one corner close to the roof were the shoes that were only worn on Sundays when going to meeting. The ingenuity and taste of the girls had secured a barrel, and over this was spread a pictorial Brother Jonathan^ that had in I (fdt.yf2ypt^ HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 77 some way come to the family long ago. This was their dressing-case, and on t lie barrel were were combs, ribbons and trinkets, and 4x5 framed mirror hung gracefully above the dressing case against the wall. But, leaving the privacy"^ of the girls' private room we go below ao-ain, and soon we discover that we had overlooked some of the most interesting things in the living room. In the wooden racks over the door were the two guns of the family, and hanging from either end of these racks the pouch made of spotted fawn skins, and the large pow- der horns with the i1at end, wooden pegs in the small end that the hunter always pulled out with his teeth when he would pour out the powder in loading. The women were as proud of their household utensils as the men of their new buckskin hunting shirts or their guns, and chief among these was the cedar " pigon." This was a bright red, medium-sized bucket, with one of the staves long and formed into a handle. The broom stood handy just outside. This was made of a young hickory split up into small stri])s and turned over gracefully and tied in a wisp. For many years after we had the modern brooms these were still to be seen in every house, and were the scrub brooms. But supper is now ready and steaming hot, the dishes are sending out great volumes of appetizing odors, and you and the men and boys are all seated around the bountiful board. The women and children w^ait for the second table. How can you wait in patience while the good man invokes heaven's blessing upon what he is pleased to call the Lord's attention to this "frugal fare." He likes that phrase, and his boys often think that to get to say it is sometimes the chief impulse to the ceremony. When the good man addresses his Maker, he changes his language materially from every-day use, somewhat as he does his clothes when he goes to church. For instance, he emphasizes distinctly all the ed's, saying bless-ed, instead of, as commonly, " blest. ' The blessing over : " Now help yourself," is all the ceremony, and all that you feel you need. The broiled venison steaks, the well browned spare ribs, the "' craklin' " corn bread, the luscious honey piled in layers, and the cold sweet milk, and the hot roasted sweet potatoes, Avith appetites all around the board to match, this feast is fit for the gods. You eventually quit eating for two good reasons : Your storing capac- ity is about exhausted, and then you notice such a hungr}^, eager ex- pression in the faces of the children who are standing around and furtively watching the food on the table, and no doubt wondering if you will ever get through. Each one, when he finishes his meal, with- out ceremony gets up, and as no change of dishes is thought of, the particular youngster who is to eat after tluit ]iarticular person is (juickly in the place, and proceeds to sta\^ his appetite. This arrangement is one of the children's, and no doubt often saves serious scrambling for places. The supper over, the pipes are filled, and the women have so quietly whisked things away and cleared the table— how they did it and where they put them you can not for your life tell ; yet they are gone, and the day's working and eating are over, and in a few minutes the trundle-beds will be pulled out, and the children at the head and at the foot will fill them, something after the fashion of a sardine box; let us bid these good people good-bye. 78 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. The Im/proved Log Cabin. — Nothing more distinctly marked the advance of the settlement of the country than the change in the archi- tecture of the log cabin. I have tried to describe the open-faced brush and the round log cabins that were so distinctly the first era. In a few years if you go back to see your friend, as you are very apt to do, as you will remember that supper a longtime, you will find a two-story hewed-log house, the cracks between the logs " chinked and pointed " with clean w^hite lime mortar, and it may be the walls inside and out are heavily whitewashed. It may be covered with shingles even, and glass windows with 6x8 glass put in with putty. Hard oak planks, mayhap with the whip-saw, are on the floors above and below. An outside rock chimney towers above either end of the building. A shed-roofed kitchen, which is also the dining-room, is along the whole length of the main building. A leaning ladder of easy ascent takes you " up stairs" which is one big room, while the lower part of the main building is divided by a partition. The upper floor is the sleep- ing-room of the boys and the " hands," while the room partitioned off is the girl's room, and which they consider the " parlor " as well as the bed-room. The old folks have their very tall feather bed in the main or living room, but under it is the trundle bed, as there is probably another under every bed in the house, and although the number of beds has greatly increased, if there is company to stay all night, this will necessitate " pallets '- on the floor. There is still the great wide fire- place and the cheerful open fire, and if it is winter, every evening just before dark a new back-log is rolled in with handspikes and into its place, and a " fore-stick " quite as large as one man can handle is placed on the short heavy dog-irons. But a second and smaller back-log is on top of the main one, and then the great yawning fireplace is soon full of the bright, blazing fire. A hanging crane is here as well as in the kitchen fire-place. In the same yard is still the old round-log cabin where the family lived before the neAv house was built. This is now the loom-house. It is also lumbered up with barrels and boxes and piles of truck and hoes, tools, and probably there is still a bed in it. The people are now wearing home-made clothing, and here the girls deftly weave those bright linseys with their bright red, white and black stripes. On the outer walls of the loom-house were now stretched the coon and possum skins, and the roof was used to dry apples and peaches in the fall of the year; and in this lumber house, tied in sacks and hang- ing from the cross beams were the garden seeds, the bunches of sage, boneset, onion tops, and the dried pumpkin on poles, on which Avere placed the rings as thickly as possible. The barrel of kraut stood with its heavy weights on it in one corner of the kitchen, and by the side of the fireplace was the huge dye-pot, and on this a wooden cover, and this was often worn smooth, being a handy seat by the fire. Even stories were told, that seated on this there had been much "sparking" done before the older girls were all married off. When a young man visited a girl, or for that matter a widower or bachelor paid any marked attention, it was universally called '' sparkin,' " This hewed-log house was sometimes neatly weatherboarded. HISTORY OF BRADFOIU:) COUNTY. 79 painted and had a neat brick chimney, and you could not very readily tell it from a frame house. Here children were born, grew to maturity, married antl commenced life nearly in their one-room log- cabin, which more rapidly gave way to the nice frame or even the great brick mansion, with the ornaments and luxuries of modern life. Where now may be seen buildings of granite, marble and iron that gleam in the morning sun in blinding splendor that have cost hundreds of thousands, nay, even millions of dollars, once probably stood the round-log cabin that had been built from the standing trees about the spot by the husband, aided only by the young wife, with no other tools than the ax and the auger. These honest, patient, simple-minded folk never bothered their heads to anticipate the regal edifices of which their humble cabin was the beginning. Their earn- est and widest aspiration was merely, " be it never so humble there is noplace like home." Around these wide but humble hearths they saw their children grow up to strong men and women, honest, unsophisti- cated, rough and blunt in manner, but ignorant of the knowledge of the vices that so often lurk beneath the polish and splendors of older societies and supurfluous wealth. Their wants few and simple, within the easy reach of every one, their ambition brought them no heart- burnings, no twinges of conscience, and none of that pitiable despair, where what we may call that higher sphere in the circles so often brings — where there are no medicines to minister to a mind diseased. CHAPTER VII. THE EEVOLUTION. Mankind's First Attack Upon King Fetich— War Meeting, 1774— Whigs and Tories — Three Companies Sent to the Field — Prom- inent Men — Rudolph Fox Captured— Battles in Bradford County — Wyoming Battle, and Xear Wyalusing —Captives Escape— Sullivan's Expedition — Col. Franklin, Samuel Gore, Maj. Flower and Others — Etc. IN preceding chapters are incidental allusions to the great American war for Independence— the war of all wars in behalf of mankind, of man's inalienable right to liberty and the unrestricted pursuit of happmess. The whole world had been for all preceding time domin- ated by the one idea that the masses Avere made to belong to their respective born rulers; to toil and sweat and yield tribute for the pleasure and glory of kings and princelings, whose will or whim was at all times the inexorable law ; that the life and labor of every one born below a certain favored circle was the property of the king, which he could use or destroy at his drunken pleasure. Of all the monstrous perversions of nature there has been no idea so utterly 80 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. shocking, so laden with crime and woe unspeakable. On every hand, even with our self-government long past the century post, there is still a wide persistence in this fatal delusion, and the far larger portion of the race are now writhing in the horrors of the beliefs in these king- monkeys, these born rulers, these inheritors, the "divine governors" of the world ; these half-idiotic devotees of war to suppress freedom, wars for glory, wars for looting, wars for empire, where men are arraj^ed in mutual destruction as are fighting dogs in the pit, for the delight of spectators, hardly fit by nature to lick the wounds the poor brutes have received in the fray. In all history there has been noth- ing at all comparable to this perversion that reaches total depravity so shocking as this idea that these master-rulers are the heavenly order, to which the human race is unalterably fixed. Could any thing- be more pitiful to a healthy mind than the spectacle going on at this hour, of the rule of the mad king in one of the European powers ? This " divine " ruler, " who can do no wrong," is but one of a fam- ily of lordly maniacs, whose chief delight and employment is to slip out on his grounds and shoot peasants. His keepers humor him, load his gun with blank cartridges, and the people are required to fall when he fires, and as he tumbles them over he is wild with delight ; wholly daft, he is far more harmless, in fact, than have been the most of the sanest of the long line that have afflicted the world. And to see a nation black with grief over the deaths of such fetiches — in deepest, real sorrow, trembling for fear God has determined to ruin them by taking their beloved royal family, would be amusing as well as pathetic were it not the proof of a perversion so deep as to be hopelessly incurable. This condition of the race is artificial ; there can be nothing natural in it because it is monstrously cruel— the cruellest idea that ever found lodgement upon the earth, and it is absurd, stupid and horrid, through- out. The companion idea of this king-fetich worship is the one of a strong, fighting government, able to cross over and murder your neighbors and loot their country, and millions of men upon the earth ready to offer up their lives on the slaughter block in defense of the theory that their nation has a chip on its shoulders and dares all the world to knock it off. Naturally enough, indeed, the poet philosopher has exclaimed, " What fools we mortals be ! " The first real effective assault made upon this heathenism by men combined together to the extremity of life and death itself, was the immortal Declaration of Independence, made by our fathers, whose sharp swords cut the way to liberty and self-government. Other men had struck at the born-ruler idea, but it had been as Napoleon did^ — merely to push them off that he might seat himself on the throne and be a little more "divine" than the best of them, because he had the sharper sword ; a mere swapping of whips, which, no matter how the trade went, was sure to end in the deeper and still more cruel enslave- ment of the people. How our grand old sires slowly and finally reached the sublime idea of the nonnecessity of a crowned ruler to transmit to his offspring all the " divine rights," it is now easy enough to see, provided we commence only at the time of the signing of the Declara- tion ; but it is a more involved problem if we go a little farther back and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 81 attempt to find the germ idea. It is g]ory enough that they struck down the king-fetich delusion, and proclaimed that they and their pos- terity^ were equal to the task of self-government, and no thanks to the bastard race. The proclamation of war against the mother country found the people of this section fairly consumedwith the Pennamite and Yankee contention, and the rebellion ])ortents came to them slowly; but the idea once grasped, all local questions were forgotten, and neighbors became Whig or Tory, respectively, and forgot that they were once divided between Connecticut and Pennsylvania. Some prominent men on the lower Susquehanna had been denounced by their neighbors as Tories, and they had come to what is now Bradford county, to get away from their neighbors. But this was literally jumping trom the pan into the fire, as this was the outer borders and the confines of the Indian country. In 1777, some deserters from the Colonial army found refuge here, and in a little while the terms Tory and Whig were ban- died with even fiercer passions than had the old feud epithets. British emissaries stirred to foment the Indians, and the whites, whether Whig or Tory, had to flee for their lives. The Whigs, of course, suffered the most; many of them were killed, their property destroyed, and others carried into captivity; and from 1779 to 1783, there was not left a sin- gle white inhaljitant in what is now Bradford county. Yet this was an important theater of war during the entire seven years of the struggle. The most decisive act, of course, was the expedition of Gen. Sullivan, and the expedition of Col. Hartley, that followed up the river and destroyed nearly every Indian village that lay in his route. The great Indian war path follow^ed the river, and in their incursions upon the Wyoming they usually traveled the Sheshequin path. Hardly a month passed, from the beginning to the end of the war, but these old hills echoed the war whoops and the cracking of the rifles of the pursuers of the savages. A war meeting was called b}'' the people of this section as early as 1774, and as this was then known as Westmoreland county, Conn., it was divided into eight military districts, and immediately thereafter it was publicly resolved that the people form themselves into military companies. In August, 1775, the A¥yoming people of Westmoreland Town declared in a public meeting that " we consent to and acquiesce in the late proceedings, and advice of the Continental Congress, and do rejoice that those measures are adopted." And a committee was ap- pointed " to attentively observe the conduct of all persons within this town touching the rules and regulations prescribed by the honorable Continental Congress, and will unanimously join our brethren in America in the common cause of defending our liberty." This was heroically responsive to ever}'^ sentiment of the Declaration — indeed, it was a second Declaration, coming from the then remote borders of American civilization. The meeting of these earnest old jiatriots (but rebels then) unanimously resolved "that Mr. John Jenkins, Joseph Sluman, Nathan Dennison, Obadiah Gore, Jr., and Lieut. William Buck be chosen a committee of correspondence for the town of Westmore- land." It was further resolved that Jonathan Fitch. Anderson Dana, 82 HISTOKY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, Capt. McKarraciian, Caleb Spencer, Capt. Samuel Ransom, Lieut. George Dorrance, Asahel Buck, Stephen Hardino-, John Jenkins, Jr., Barrilla Tyler, Elijah Witer, Nathan Kingsley, John Secord and Rob- ert Carr " be chosen a committee of inspection for ye town of West- moreland." Miner says (page 189) : " The proceedings of this meet- ing cast the die for Wyoming. Her people girded u[) their loins for the contest against British oppression, and immediately commenced putting themselves in condition to meet the shock of battle." The news of the battle of Concord and Lexington roused the mili- tary ardor of the people, and instantly Lieut. Obadiah Gore, with about thirty others, hastened to join the command of Capt. Weisner, of the New York line ; and, August 23, 1776, at a meeting at Wilkes- Barre, it was resolved that Westmoreland would immediately raise two companies and place them in position for defense of the people until they received orders from Congress. They left it to Congress to appoint the commissioned officers. There was a hearty response from those eminent men to this call from in what is now Bradford county. Among the first to respond were Simon Spalding, then liv- ing at Standing Stone ; the Welleses, father and son, of AVyalusing, and Ambrose Gay lord, Justus Gay lord, Jr., Ludd Gay lord, Stephen Skiff and others. Congress appointed as officers of the two companies of Wyoming: Robert Durkee and Samuel Ransom, captains; James Welles and Peri n Ross, first lieutenants; Asahel Buck and Simon Spalding, second lieutenants; Herman Swift and Mathias HoUenback, ensigns; and the two companies were mustered into service Septem- ber 17, 1776, under the name of the First and Second Independent Companies of Wyoming. October following Connecticut passed an act for the raising in the town of Westmoreland of another company, of which Solomon Strong was captain, and Obadiah Gore, Jr., and John Jenkins, Jr., lieutenants, and to be a partof the Twenty-fourth Regiment of Connecticut Militia. Immediately thereafter John Jamison recruited twenty men and marched out and joined the Connecticut line. These were in addition to the eight " train bands" that had been provided for in 1774, which had been united and formed the Twenty -fourth Connecticut, com- manded by Col. Nathan Dennison; George Dorrance, lieutenant-colonel, and John Garrett, major. I^ecember 12, following, the two companies joined Washington's command, then retreating from New York City. The people in this valley were busily erecting forts, and Old Forty Fort was enlarged and strengthened, and others built to the south of it. Stone's history of Wj^oming, referring to the critical moment of the war, estimates that in what is now Bradford county there were probably twenty families tliat should be classed as in sympathy with the Tories, and through their influence appeared again the old feud between the Yankees and Penns, and Miner discovered an old docu- ment bearing this label: "A list of Tories who joined the Indians." It was said to have been made bv Col. Zebulon Butler; most of these were transient ])ersons who had come to the Wyoming as birds of passage— hunters, trappers or laborers, and that among the Connecti- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 83 cut people in the valley there were not more than three families thus aflfected. In the list are mentioned "four Secords, three Pawlings, three Larraways and four Van Alstynes." The Tawlings were of Wyalusing the"^Van Alstynes of Standing Stone, the Larraways of Wysox, and the Secords of Athens. For some time there was nothing more serious on the Susquehanna than rumors and charges and counter accusations between the Pensyl- vania and Connecticut people, and the secret contriving of the few Tories remaining. But in the spring of 1777, the Tories from the lower Wyoming to Tioga Point (Athens), began to give signs of activity and uneasiness; first noticeable in the impudence, and arrogance of the Indians, who had at the commencement treated to keep the peace and remain neutral. The Indians witiidrew from among the white settlements. P>urgoyne was marching with a strong force from Canada to effect a junction with Gen. Clinton at New York, and this was designed to cut the Colonies in twain. Jjritish emissaries had tam- pered with the Indians, and offered them gold and scalps and loot if they would join them. Soon the Indians committed act after act of open hostility. Col. John Jenkins, with James Sutton, visited Queen Esther's village, near Tioga Point, in the hope of procuring the release oflngersoll, who had been carried into captivity. They were received cordially, but the Queen finally told them that the bucks had resolved to wavlay and murder them, when they started to return. By the loyal aid of the Queen they escaped in the darkness to* the river, and jumped into her canoe, and softly paddled down the river. Now several deserters from the American army came to Tioga Point and Sheshe- quin, and their presence was unfortunate. It is probable that designing parties, on both sides in the right to the territory question, unfortunately now seized upon this as a pretext, and each was ready to charge their opposers indiscriminately with treason. The British were not idle, and the Indians made themselves not only intolerable, but began systematic plundering and murdering upon exposed, helpless families. The people (Yankees, to more particularly designate them) resolved on active measures to rid themselves of the spies and enemies in their midst. Samuel Gordon, a surveyor, was sent on a tour of observation to locate the dangerous men, return to Wyalusing and there to meet Lieut. Jenkins w4th a force and by rapid movements capture the lead- ers. Jenkins' expedition miscarried from some cause, and the Tories assembled and captured Gordon with other prisoners. Open hostili- ties swiftly followed. Rudolph Fox, the first settler at the mouth of the Towanda creek, was carried off into captivity in the month of March, 1777. He was taken to Quebec and kept nine months, his fam- ily all this time being in total ignorance of even his life or whereabouts. In the meantime the savages had stolen, and by open robbery had carried off even the last morsel of food of the family. Mr. Fox escaped, and on the night of December 17th following he reached the opposite side of the river and called to his family, and his voice was recognized by his wife. The Indians had stolen tlie canoe, and the ice was running in the river and a raft could not be pushed across, so 84 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, the poor man was obliged to bivouack on the bank in that black and stormy night, and the next morning the river was frozen over; but he reached his family alive. Mr. Fox was agam captured when the Indians captured the Strope family, and they carried him along for fear he would give the alarm. He soon made his escape, and again returned to his family. The dangers thickening, he undertook to gather his kine together, and with these make his way overland, while he placed his family in a bateau and started them down the river. When in the vicinity of Dodgers island, Mr. Fox discovered a band of Indians crossing the hill in front of him. He motioned his family to come ashore, when he abandoned his stock and got into the canoe with them. They secreted themselves behind the island until the hostile party had passed, when they again resumed tlieir journe3^ It was about the time of the Wyoming battle, and the river was swarm- ing with parties of hostile Indians. It seems almost miraculous that they could have escaped. At one time, as they were passing along, they heard firing and cries on the shore. A band of Indians had sur- prised a party of whites; and what also added to their danger, the babe, Rudol})h,- commenced screaming. The mother tried to hush him, crammed leaves into his mouth, and still being unable to quiet him, thrice took him up to throvv him overboard — a desperate, but appar- ently only means of escaping detection. But the mother's heart could not consent to the sacrifice. They succeeded in passing the In- dians, and reached Sunbur}' in safety. After the Wyoming battle Mr. Fox came up the river with Hart- ley's expedition to look after his interests. Upon the return of the detachment, he went back to his family. He remained at Sunbury till the close of the war, when, in 1873, he moved his family to Wilkes- Barre, whence he and four of his children proceeded to their old home at Towanda. A short time after this he returned to bring uj) their efi'ects and family, and left a young daughter all alone to take care of the cabin. "A young girl, on the spot where their buildings had been burned, surrounded by savage beasts and liable to be disturbed by savage men, consents to be the sole occupant of the premises for ten days, the time su]iposed to be necessary for the trip. But unexpected trials awaited her. The mother was found to be too ill to be removed, and a delay of more than a month was unavaidable. Provisions ran short with tiie little girl. * * * The Forsythes returned and called to see her, and tried to persuade her to go back with them. This she stoutlv refused to do, and they left her some food, while siie awaited the com- ing of the family. The shrill scream of the panther and howls of the wolf at night, added horror to her dreary situation in the wilds. Both these savage beasts had been heard upon her bark-covered cabin, hoping to gain admission. One night as she was lying upon her bed of hemlock boughs asleep, a panther unceremoniously came in througli her blanket-door, tooked the jerked venison from over her head and then left again without doing her any harm. The animal was detected bv his tracks the next mornin":. When a short distance from ^ '-<i¥#«%;;^^s History of Bradford county. 81' her cabin one day, the sound of footsteps suddenly fell upon her ears. She was much alarmed at first, thinking- that hulians were coming. Peering out from behind a tree she saw an enormous pack of wolves advancing, and, as she remarked, her fears were gone. Picking up a pine knot, she struck it against a tree, making a sharp, ringing noise, which frightened the grey denizens quite as much as she had been, and thev turned and ran off as fast as their legs would carry them. She kept her post for about three wrecks, when, after eating the last of her ])rovisions, and seeing no prospect of relief, she set out to meet the t'amil3% or find a hut where she might procure some food. She had proceeded but a few miles, when at Gordon's Island, she discovered the boat with her family slowdy ascending tiie river. The moment of deliverance from peril w^as not only a moment of pleasure, but of pleas- antrv. The father inquired, 'Where are you going^' 'To Wilkes- Pai-re, to get something to eat,' replied the daughter. She was taken on board, and they reached home after an absence of live years.'' The sequel of the story of this bold first settler of Bradford county may be properly here given in a few sentences. He w^as drowned in the river at a place since known as " The Fox Hole," breaking through the ice, March 4, 1806 ; he was by birth a German, born March 29, ITaO. and was thirty-one years old w^hen he first came. His wife was Catliarine Elizabeth Miller ; she was born in Germany, "jVlay 4, 174S, and died April 10, 1810. The brave old pioneers sleep side by side in Cole's cemetery. Their daughter, Elizabeth Fox, w^as the first white child born in Bradford county, September 1, 1770. In this famih^ were children as follows ; Catharine, Mary, Philip, Elizabeth, Dorothy, Daniel, Rudolph, John, Anna, Eleanor, Susanna, Abraham, Marga- ret and Christiana. Many descendants are now living in the county, and have maintained the good name of the family — worthy sons and daughters, and noble parentage. About the time of the first capture of Pudolph Fox a part}^ of Indians plundered Mr. Fitzgerald's house and drove all his stock, and took him prisoner; he lived at Standing Stone. Lieut.-Col. Dorrance, with about 100 men of the Twenty-fourth Connecticut, made an expedition up the river as far as Sheshequin. They went to the wigwam of an Indian who was known to be in the English service to hunt for suspects whom he was suj^jiosed to be har- boring. They did not propose to molest Indians, but arrested him while searching his premises. He attempted to break away from his guard, Rufus Baldwin, who shot him through tlie body ; he recovered, however, and was at the battle of Wyoming. This was said to be the first bloodshed in this county in the Revolution. Dorrance captured and carried off several Tor-ies, and pacified the Indians, but they soon broke out again more violently than previously. Thereupon was pub- lished an order, holding the following as prisoners of war, all from Bradford county : Richmond Berry, Edw^ard Hicks, Jr., Jacob Bow- man, Adam Bowman, Jr., Jacob Bruner, Henry Hoover, Jacob Anguish and George Keutner. There were other prisoners from the valley, but the list given is confined to this county. The year 1777 closed in uncertainty and gloom for the patriots of 88 HISTORY OP BRADFORD COUNTY. this locality. All their surroundings were dark and foreboding. Tioga and Sheshequin were filled with fiei'ce and arrogant foes, while the able-bodied whites were away in tlie Continental army. In January following, Lemuel Fitch, of Standing Stone, the first settler in the township, was captured and carried otf to Canada, where he died. A party of Indians led by Terry and Green went to Wyalusing — a severe snow storm raging at the moment of their arrival. They secreted themselves in the old Indian town until tlie next morning, when they made a sally and captured Amos York as he came into the village on horseback ; his house was plundered and stock driven off. A short time after this, in the same place, they c:iptured Nathan Kingsley and carried him and York to Quebec. Wyalusing was now abandoned by every white person — captured or fled the country. In March follow- ing, as soon as the ice was clear of the river, Lieut-Col. Dorrance again came up with 150 men for the purpose of aiding the remaining whites to get out of the country. A rait was made of the old Moravian church, and the people and some of their effects loaded thereon ; among others, the families of York, Kingsley, Benjamin Eaton, Fitz- gerald, Jonathan Terry and Christopher Hurl but. Old man Van Valkenberg and three daughters, and his two sons-in- law families and the Stxope family, had not been molested, but had been assured by the Indians of their continued friendship and protec- tion. fBut in time, they became alarmed, and Strope set out for A¥yom- ing for aid to take his family down the river. Hardly had he left his family. May 20, when thirteen Indians rushed in and captured the inmates, burned the house and drove off the stock. The men captured at this time were sent to Niagara, but the women and children were kept until the war ended. Thus, piecemeal, the entire settlement was swept away. It is estimated that in the beginning of 1777, there were thirty-eight Whig families in Bradford county; seven of these had en- listed in the two companies, and two had joined the militia company ; seven in the Van Valkenberg family were captured ; seven were killed by the enemy ; one died in captivity, and another soon after his release ; the total property of these people was destroyed, the cabins all burned, and the gloom and desolation brooded over the fair and once happy land, as if the angel of destruction had spread its wnngs and covered it in the shadow of death and utter ruin. Of all these people the last to attempt to fiee was Rudolph Fox, at the mouth of Towanda creek, and as soon as ])ossible he gathered his effects and family and fled down the river. Wyoming Battle. — The enemy now had undisputed possession of all that is Bradford county. The few people here, brave and patriotic men and women as ever lived, had stood as a barrier and shield to the older settlements against the mongrel enemies — the Indians, Tories and deserters and spies, wiio wanted this key to the great Susquehanna valley for the free going and coming of their marauding parties. Maj. John Butler, of the English army, actively set about gather- ing and organizing a force at Tioga Point (Athens), and in June, 1778, had about 400 assembled there. He was soon joined by Joseph Brandt, and a descent was made on Cherry Valley, and a force under an HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. • 89 Indian chief made a foray on the West branch, and in the meantime a laro-e force at Newtown (Ehnira) and Tioga Point were making- boats with which to descend the river. They gathered in all about 1 100 men, under Butler, 500 rangers and the others, Indians and deserters. A great dog feast was indulgetl in at Tioga, preparatory to starting, and then, daubing themselves with paint and singing their war song, they floated out on their bloody mission to Wyoming. Butler concealed his movements with great cunning, and sent out small parties in different directions for the purpose of misleading the people along the v/ay. The fortunate return of Mr. Jenkins from captivity at this moment was the first warning to tiie people of the coming attack. This was the second of June. Tiie people assembled rapidlv and sent a statement to Congress by carriers, and asked for miUtarv aid. The air was now filled with alarms, and every hour the o-loom and sadness deepened. William Crooks and Asa Budd, both formerly of this county, were sent out as scouts, and were fii'ed upon, and Crooks was killed and Budd narrowly escaped. Crooks was the first man killed in the Susquehanna valley in the war. Blood was now tasted and the dogs of war unleashed. Butler was capturing, killing or driving all before him. Col. Nathan Dennison, commanding the militia, saw the impending danger, and sent out word for all to si)eedily assemble at Forty Fort. About 300 were thus called together, according to Col. Franklin's es- timate. Col. Zel)ulon Butler was put in commantl, and Cols. Dennison, Dorrance, and Maj. John Garrett were his aides. The commands were two companies from Wilkes-Barre, under Capt. James Bidlach, Jr.,andRezin Geer ; Capt. Asaph Whittesy's company from Plymouth; a company from Hanover under Capt. Lazarus Stewart. Maj. Butler invested the fort, and demanded a surrender, which was promptly refused. A council of war was held in the fort, and there was a divided opinion as to whether to go out and light, or await the enemy's attack. It was expected that Col. John Franklin and his company would arrive during the night. Lieut. Timothy Pierce had just arrived from Spalding's company, and reported that that command could reach the fort in two days. Capt. Stewart favored an immediate attack on the enem}^ — vowed he could whip the whole of them with his one company and finally threatened to take his com- pany and return to Llanover if the attack was delayed, and unfortu- nateh'^ Butler yielded. The little army marched out to Abraham's creek, where it*^ halted to await the attack. The enemy being con- cealed just in front of them, our forces marched into the trap. When within three hundred yards they deplo^^ed and opened fire ; the Americans poured a galling fire into the enemy and continued advanc- ing, when the enemy's line began to waver. At this moment the sav- ages rushed from their concealment in the fiank and rear and attacked furiously,and now an order to fall back was mistaken for one to retreat. The whole valley was now in a panic of terror, and the people fled down the river and across the country to places of safety; and in after years the women and children told the ])atheticstoriesof their sufferings in their hurried exodus from the dark and bloody ground, where they 90 . HISTORY 01" BRADFOED COUNTY. left here unburied some one of nearly ev^ery fleeing family. When the dreadful story spread through tlie country, it created a profound sensa- tion all over the civilized world. The militia were called out and ordered to Sunbury. These were to be joined by Capt. Spalding's company. A detachment from New York was given them, and under Col. Thomas Hartley, of Pennsyl- vania, an expedition was set on foot up the Susquehanna. Much delay in getting the expedition ready, followed. Only in September had 200 men assembled at Muncy, of these 130 were from Wyoming under Capt. Spalding, sixty of whom were from the Eleventh Penns^dvania Regiment. With this little band Col. Plartley set out for Tioga Point, September 21. The I'oad was a terrible one; the fall rains had raised the streams, and of the route Col. Hartley said : '• I cannot help observing that I imagine the difficulties in crossing the Alps or passing up the Kennipeck could not have been greater than those our men experienced for the time." Four days was this journey, through the cold rains and wading streams frequently, and on the cold ground at night without fire, for fear of the enemy, and yet these men never so much as murmured. The first of the enemy they discovered was near where is now Canton, in the southwest corner of the count}^ Sept. 26, Hartley's advance met a part}' of Indians, fired upon them, killed and scalped their chief and the others fled. In the neighborhood of LeRoy they came upon a fresh camp where about seventy had spent the night previous, but had fled on Hartley's ap- proach. The command pressed on as fast as possible to Shes- hequin; here they rescued fifteen prisoners from the Indians, and recaptured quite a number of cattle. Col. Morgan was to have joined Col. Hartley at this point, but failing to do so, a small detachment was sent to Tioga, and Queen Esther's village was destroyed. No more daring military movement was ever made with impunity, than this of Col. Hartley's. He returned rapidly, the first day reaching Wyalusing, where they halted and cooked the little beef they had as all the food left. The powerful enemy was rapidly collecting to swoop down on his little band and exterminate them, and Hartley realized that he must move fast enough to keep ahead of any pursuers. They had hardly formed in the march out of' Wyalusing when they met the enemy, — these they soon dispersed, and m a short time again were attacked in front but again beat off their assailants. As they reached Indian Hill on the lower edge of Bradford county, a heavy attack was made on their left flank and rear, — the rear guard gave away when Capt. Spalding went to its support. Col. Hartley skillfully handled his men, while those in the boats landed and came up in the rear of the enemy, when they supposing they were about to be surrounded precipitately fled. Hartley's loss was four killed and ten wounded. Col. John Franklin was in this expedition as captain of the Wyoming mili- tia. In his diary is this entry : " The troops retook a great number of the Wyoming cattle, horses and other propert}^, and returned with their booty October 1 ; they met many hazardous skirmishes, with the loss of several lives. Several Indians were killed. Col. Hartlev and > niSTORT OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 91 his men were warmly tlumked on their return by the executive coun- cil of Pennsylvania/' The battle and massacre of Wyoming occurred July 3 and 5, 17 < 8, now one hundred and twelve years ago, and yet the barest recitals are enough to chill one's blood in horror. The people had fled to Forty Fortrwhen they heard of the devastation that roving band of Indians, in wiiich were white men often directing the bloody work, were making along the Susquehanna valley. The Indians in strong force bore down upon them and the men in the forts, instead of waiting and standing upon the defensive within the inclosure, marched out and o-ave battle. A heavy fight was kept up in front, and the Indians sent out a force on the flanks, and then closed in on their rear and killed or captured all. This battle occuried on July 3, and on that and the next two davs they amused themselves killing every one they had captured. Here the savage Queen Esther shocked the civilized world by her brutal ferocity. A number of captives were arranged in lino near the foot of the hill and near the Susquehanna river at the base of Bloody Rock, tied and held by the Indians while this female monster walked in front of the line braining them, one by one, with a heavy tomahawk. Only two men escaped. One of these it is said was Joseph Elliott, who settled in Merryvale township, and wdiose descendants are still living there. They 'broke away from those holding them and sprang into the river, and by diving under drift wood finally got aw^ay antl from their pursuers, wdio'^sent a shower of bullets and arrows after them, wounding each one several times, but fortunately only slightly ; and after crossing the stream they were soon hid in the mountains, and after many days and much danger they made their way separately to civilization and safety. Tiiis crowning act of infamy on the part of the Indians closed the doors to all further attempts at ])eaceful arbitrament, at least until the heavy hand of punishment should fall upon the mon- sters. The historians of that evil day say that in the force that at- tacked the whites at Wyoming or Forty Fort, were 800 Seneca Indians, and 400 British, or Tories. The Continental Congress now tieterniined upon the vigorous measures to punish the Indians who had been practicing the most cunning deception on the frontier settlers, protesting entire neutrality between the Americans and the British. Tiiey now had the correct insight into the Indian character. The Congress advised with Gen. Washington, and it was determined to send a strong force up the Sus- quehanna, and from thence through the Genesee valley, the heart of the powerful Iroquois nation, and lay waste and kill to their utmost power— kill the men and lay waste " the lodges, villages, as well as take cattle, ponies, and destroy all their growing crops. In the rich Genesee valley the Iroquois had advanced in the cultivation of the soil beyond anything known of any other Indians at that day, and here the British could find abundant supplies for invading armies, as well as great assistance from the braves in these extended and pitiless inroads upon the frontier settlers. Gen. Washington advised this move- ment as the only way to strike effectively this dangerous enemy in the rear — more threatenmg than the armies in front. The result was Gen. 93 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. John Sullivan's expedition up the Susquehanna. Washington's instruc- tions for the commander bear date May 31, 1779. He tendered the command to Gen. Gates, who, on account of age, declined, and it was given to Gen. John Sullivan, who was directed to rendezvous a force of about five thousand men at Easton, Pa., and march up the Susquehanna. At the same time, Gen. Clinton was ordered to move with his bri- gade of New York troops and pass down the upper Susquehanna and join Sullivan's forces at Tioga (now Athens), Bradford county. This was one of the important military movements of the Revolutionary war — in results, perha])s, far exceeding any or all others. It was forced reluctantly upon Washington, who had forgiven one act of treachery after another on the pai't of the red men. After he and the American people had exhausted every means to keep terms of amity witli the Indians, or at least to remain neutral in the rebellion against the Mother Country. There was nothing in the question between the two countries that should have caused the Indians to take sides. In their dense ignorance they knew not that they were by their foll}^ not only forfeiting their rich possessions, but were periling their very existence as a tribe. Washington's military genius indicated to him tiie immediate results that must follow tiie success of Sullivan's expe- dition, but to greater and ulterior results, it is highly probable, neither entered his minil nor that of the Continental Congress. A panic ensued, and in a few minutes the field was covered with flying fugitives, pursued by yelling, murderous savages, and more than one- half of the entire force soon lay dead on the field. Of all the prisoners taken, but five escaped alive. Maj. Butler reported 227 scalps, and he adds : " The Indians were so exasperated with their loss last year, near Fort Stanwix, that it was with the greatest difiiculty tliat I could save the lives of these few." He congratulates his superiors in his report that the women and children were spared. Three of the Gore bo3^s and their two brothers-in-law lay dead on the battlefield, side by side. The poor mother in the fort heard the firing and saw our men in confusion and being tomahawked, and stood in the door of the fort awaiting the awful news so soon to break upon her. and when it did come, '' What! have I one son leftf^ was all that escaped her quivering lips. The expedition was directed against the Six Nations, the most powerful body of savages this continent ever knew. Their seat of empire Avas along the Genesee valley by the lakes. They had trod- den like the grass the other tribes of America, extending their con- quests to Florida and west to the Mississijipi river. The lands in New York were as rich and beautiful as any on the continent. They had progressed in agriculture until broad, siniling fields of grain, corn and various vegetables, were on every hand. They had comfortable huts, and in some cases rude chimneys to them. They struck the cruel blow upon the helpless frontier people, and thereby forfeited all their rich inheritance. In Gen. Washington's instructions to Sullivan and in his report to Congress he says: " I congratulate Congress on his (Gen. Sullivan's) having completed so efl'ectually the destruction of the whole of the towns and settlements of the hostile Indians in so short a time and with so inconsiderable a loss of men." In his letter of instruction HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 93 to the commander before starting he said : " It is proposed to carry the war into the heart of the country of the Six Nations, to cut off their settlements, destroy their next year's crop, and do them every other mischief which time and circumstances will permit." And at^ain, that there might be no misapprehension, he adds: "The immediate objects are the total destruction of the hostile tribes of the Six Na- tions and the devastation of their settlements and the capture of as many prisoners of every age and sex as possible." There could be no mistake here on the part of Gen. Sullivan. Not only the commander, but the civilized world, understood that here was the teri-ible answer back to the Wyoming massacre. This was war, not strictly in kind, but swift and terrible, and gave us empire from ocean to ocean. Strict neutrality would have left tlie Indians in peace, the possession of their homes, crops, ponies and cattle, but far greater than these their rich and boundless land possessions. Gen. Sullivan's expedition was at the same time supplemented — rather duplicated — by a similar expedition simultaneously carried on by Gen. George Rogers Clark, down the Ohio river and into the Illi- nois against the British forts at Kaskaskia and Yincennes. The first was under the Continental Congress and Gen. Washington, while the other was under Virginia (Gov. Patrick Henry) and the " Hannibal of the Northwest"— Gen. George Rogers Clark. These military expeditions, conceived and executed at the same time, one by Washington and Congress, the other by Gov. Patrick Plenry and Gen. Clark, the movements of each unknown to the other, are two of the most stupendous episodes in the annals of mankind. The question of the success of the American Revolution, little as it was known by our great forefathers, was the very soul and being of the advance of the human race in liberty, in thought, and the higher civilization. We can now know the liberty gained by the Ameri- cans in its reflected influence spread over the world, even to the re- motest corner of the British Empire itself, after its long seven years of cruel war of attempted subjugation. The American Tories — even these mistaken men, so fierce in opposing their own neighbors, and sometimes members of their own families — were among the beneficia- ries of the heroic strug'Ofles of the noble sons of liberty. Until the hour of the conception of the Sullivan and the Clark expeditions, there w^as no thought among the fathers other than that of independence for the little fringe of territory that ran along our Atlantic shore. It was hardly more than individual libert}^ in their ideas, but these two expe- ditions were the secret of our present wide emjiire : these numerous stars set in azure blue, now glinting upon sixty-two millions of free- men, marching ever onward. These then were vastly more than local events. In results they were not only continental, but world-wide and as enduring as the hills. They have touched the whole human race, and made millions of freemen where otherwise would yet have been bred only galley slaves — men and women yoked to the cruellest ser- vitude. Here the chief interest in Sullivan's expedition, as a part of the local history, is, that his army passed through Bradford county, follow- 94 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ing the river to where is now Athens, where a fort was built, and where Gen. Clinton joined Sullivan b}'' coming down the stream that he had ascended, and thus strengthened Gen. Sullivan marched out and fought the battle of Newton (near Elmira), and overwhelmingly defeated the Mohawk warriors under their greatest commanders, Joseph Brandt and Col. Butler, and their English allies, with their science of war, added to their savage cunning, braver}^ and fortitude. The array passed up on the east side of the river, nearly the same as is the bed of the railroad. From the many diaries of men in the expedition is extracted the following, ver'hatim, from thatof Maj. James Norris, commencing: with their arrival at the battle ground of Wvominof: June, 18, 1779. The New Jersey and New Hampshire brigades, with Proctor's reg- iment of artillery, under the command of Major-General Sullivan, began to march from Easton on an expedition to the western frontiers against the savages. [Omitting the next few days the extracts are taken up again on the arrival at the battle ground.] 33. Our next place of halting is Wyoming. * * About 4 miles from this town we saw two Monuments set up by the wayside in memory of Capt. Davis and Lieut. Jones, of the 11th Pennsylvania Keg't, with the following inscription "The place where Capt. Davis was murdered by Savages. April 23d, 1779," & "The blood of Lt. Jones " About 12 o'clock we entered the Town of Wyoming which exhibits a melancholy scene of desolation, in ruined Houses, wasted fields ct Fatherless Children & widows. These unhappy people after living in continual alarms & disputing for many Years their possessions with the Pennsylvaniaus, at length were attacked by a merciless band of savages, led on by a more savage Tory, the unnatural monster, Butler; their houses were plundered and burnt, their cattle and effects carried away after they had capitulated; and the poor helpless Women & children obliged to Sculk in the Mountains and perish or travel down to the Inhabitants, hungry, naked and unsupported; in a word Language is too weak to paint & Humanity unable to bear the history of their sufferings. The Refugees who joined the Indians to cut off this settlement are said to have given proofs of more wan- ton and unnatural Barbarity than even the Savages themselves. The following is a deeper Tragedy than has been acted since the Days of Cain. A Young man by the name of Henry Pensil, who had escaped the Fate of most of his Countrymen, «& in the Evening after the battle had taken refuge in a small Island in the River, was dis- covered by Tory who fiercely accosted him with the Appellation of a Damned Rebel ; the poor fellow being unarmed began to implore his pity, fell down upon his knees and entreated him not to stain his hands with his Brother's blood. "John, I am your brother, spare my Life and I will serve you :" "I know you are my Brother," replied the Villain, " but you are a damned Rebel, Henry, and we are of oppo-site sides and Sentiments:" in the meantime was loading his gun with great coolness, which after the most moving appeal to his humanity & Justice, with all deliberation he levelled at his breast and shot him ! Then Tomahawked & Scalped him! Another yeung man who lay concealed in the bushes a little way off & afterwards made his Escape heard all that passed, and saw the Murderer, who stood up upon a log while he loaded his Gun and Knew him to be the Brother of his unfortunate Companion. He also adds thatthe Savages came up soon after he had finished the bloody deed ; and cursed his cruelty in the bitterness of their hearts & said they had a great mind to put him to death the same way 24 This Evening one of the Gentries fired upon a Savage, who had crept up within 2 or 3 Rods of him to take him by Surprise but the fellow made his escape — * * * * 28. Genl Sullivan reed, a Letter from Genl. Clinton, dated Schoharra, advising that he was furnished with 3 Months Provissions,1700 effective men with him present & 300 more at another post readv to join him & was waiting his Commands. — Same letter adds that he had taken and hanged a British Oflicer, a Spy, who was going from But- ler's Armv to N. York — by theSame Express we learn from Genl. Clinton that the Oneida tribe of Indians had reed, a letter from Genl. Haldiman, Governor of Quebeck, Charging them with a breach of faith & breathing out threatening against them, if they did not declare in favor of Britain. 2d Rode out this morning with Genl. Poor and Leut. Col. Dearborn about four miles from Camp to view the ground where the battle was fought between the Savages HISTORY OF r.RADFOUD (JOIJNTY. 97 and the people of Wyoming under Col. Butler, he saw a Stockade fort with a Covert Way to a fountain which our guide told us was built for a shew by some of the disaf- fected Inhabitants & given up to Uie Enemy immediately upon their Approach; we examined the Trees where the line of Battle was formed, but found very few marks of an Obstinate Engagement ; it appears indeed that the Enemy were superior in num- bers to the MilitiaandsoonaftertheCommencementof the Action turned their left Flank, this brought on a retreat, in which the savages masacred upwards of 200 Men — AVe saw more or less bones scattered over the ground for near two miles & several Sculls brought in at different times, that had been Scalped and inhumanly nuingled with the Hatchet. A captain's commission with 17 Continental Dollars was found in the pocket of the Skeleton of a man, who had laid above ground 12 months — Our guide shewed us wliere 73 Bodies had been buried in one hoie, this place may with propriety be called Golgotha — xVll the houses along this river have been burnt ; and the Gardens and fields, the most fertile I ever beheld, grown over with weeds and Bushes, exhibit a melancholy picture of Savage rage and Desolation. " o [August] Our next place of Encampment is Wyalusing, distant ten miles the Ground rocky and mountainous, particularly one tremendous ridge over which our right Flank was Obliged lo pass, that seemed to over look the World & threaten An- nihilation to our prostrate Troops — After leaving this place the Scene Opened into a line, clear, extensive piece of Woodland; here the Genl. apprehending an attack, the Signal was beaten for the Army to Close Column this order of March was observed till we left this forest and gained the Summit of a very lofty Mountain; when another Sig- nal was given for marching in files — From the Top of this height we had a grand pros- pective view of our little Fleet coming up the river about three Miles distance — The green hills as far as the eye could reach rising like the seats of an Amphitheatre and the distance of the prospect gave the River and the boats the beautiful Resemblance of Miniature painting — After marching abt. 2 Miles we descended into the low grounds of Wyalusing where every one was amazed at the luxuriant growth of Timber, chiefly Sycamore — few of the trees being less than 6 ft in Diameter; and to close this days march the more agreeably after passing half a mile of piny barren, the plains of Wya- lusing opened to our sight covered with english grass, the greatest and richest Carpet that Nature ever Spread — There was once an Indian Town at this place consisting of about 80 Houses, or hutts built in two parallel right lines forming a Street of 00 ^V7^6?.<] I ^ in the Cumberland Valley, and pushing up the Juniata, and winding around the spurs of the Alleghanies, into the then counties of Bedford and Westmoreland. TheYanJxce, seated in the valleys of the North branch of the Susque- hanna. The rest of the State, except some valleys of the West branch, was an unbroken wilderness. The total population did not exceed three hundred and thirty thousand. Of the Yankee settlers, there were probably about six thousand. These w'ere scattered, mainly, in seventeen townships in the county of Luzerne, then including the territory of Wyoming, Susquehanna, and Bradford. Their townships were five miles square, and extended, in blocks, from Berwick to Tioga Point, embracing the bottom lands along the river — Providence, the present site of Scranton, being on the Lackawanna. These townships were Huntington, Salem, Plymouth, Kingston, Newport, Hanover, AVilkes-Barre, Pittston, Providence, Exeter, Bedford, Northmoreland, Putnam, Braintrim, Springfield, Claverack and Ulster. They contain a ])resent pojudation of one hun- dred and eighty thousand people. The inhabitants at once set about meeting the adverse effects of the proceedings at Trenton. A petition was drawn to the Assembly of Pennsylvania, in which, after reciting at length the facts, they touch- ingly and jmtlietically close thus : '' We have settled a country (in its original state), but of little value ; but now cultivated by your mem- orialists, is to them of the greatest importance, being their all. We are yet alive, but the richest blood of our neighbors and friends, children, husband and fathers, has been spilt in the general cause of their country. "" "■'" ■- * We supplied the Continental army with many valuable officers and soldiers, and left ourselves weak and unguarded against the attack of the savages and others of a more savage nature. Our houses are desolate — many mothers chiklless — widows and orphans multiplied — our habitations destroyed, and many families reduced to beggary, which exhibits a scene most pitiful and deserving of mercy. * * - We care not under what State we live. We will serve you — we will promote vour interests — will fight your battles; but in mercy, goodness, wisdom, justice, and every great and generous principle, leave us our possessions, the dearest pledge of our brothers, children, and fathers, which their hands have cultivated, and their blood, spilt in the cause of their country, has enriched. We further pray that a general act of oblivion and indemnity may be passed, * '- * and that all judicial proceedings of the common law courts held by and under the authority of the State of Connecticut be ratified and fully confirmed." Acting on this ])etition, the Assembly, inter alia, " resolved that commissioners be appointed to make full inquiries into the cases, and report to the House ; * * that an act be passed for con- 138 HISTORY OF BKADFO^D COUNTY. signing' to oblivion all tumults and breaches of the peace which have arisen out of the controversy." On March 13, 1783, an act was passed by the Assembly. The garrison of Continental troops had been previously withdrawn. Their places were now supplied with two companies of State troops, under Capts. Robinson and Shrji wder. The presence of these troops was a cause of great anxiety to the settlers. On the 15th of April the commissioners arrived. In their first communication to the "Committee of Settlers," 19th April, 1783, they made the ominous declaration : " Although it can not he supposed that Pennsylvania will, nor can she, consistent with her Constitution, by any ex post facto laio, deprive her citizens of any part of their property legal- ly obtained, yet^'' etc. This was pretty fair notice of expulsion. Judge John Jenkins re- plied in behalf of the settlers, by a dignified but passionless recital of their rights and claims much more worthy of the sturdy settlers than the petition referred to. The " Committee of Pennsylvania Landhold- ers," Alexander Patterson, chairman, now came forward with their terms of what they called " the conditions of compromise." That the commissioners should have endorsed them is beyond belief. They were: "We propose to give leases with covenants of warranty for holding their possessions one year from the first day of April instant (22d April, 1783), at the end of which time they shall deliver up full possession of the whole, '" * and if they have any oppor- tunities of disposing of their hiitts, barns, or other buildings, they shall have liberty to do it. * * The widows of all those whose hus- bands were hilled by the savages, to have a further indidgence of a year, after the first of April, 178Jt,,for half their possessions^'' Patterson was determined "' to feed fat the ancient grudge he bore them." Judge Jenkins replied the same day : " As we conceive that the pro- posals of the committee, which they offer as a compromise, will not tend to peace, as they are so far from what we deem reasonable, we can not comply with them without doing the greatest injustice to ourselves and our associates, to widows and fatherless children ; and, although toe 7n€an to p>ay due obedience to the constitutional laws of Pennsylvania, we do not mean to become abject slaves, as the Committee of Landholders sug- gest in their address to your honors." The commissioners divided Wyoming into three townships, the new ones being named Stokes and Shawanese. Justices of the peace were elected by Patterson and his associates without notice to or participa- tion by the inhabitants, they not yet being freeholders and voters in Pennsylvania. The commissioners reported to the Assembly which convened in August, 1783. They recommended to the families of those who had fallen in arms against the common enemy, reasonable compensation in land in western Pennsylvania, and to the other holders of Connecticut titles who " did acttially reside on the land at the time of the decree at Trenton, provided they delivered possession by the 1st day of April following.''^ HISTORY OF BKADFORD COUNTY. 1^9 Now, Pennsylvania began to vacillate in herjmlicy. The Assembly approved all their suggestions. The division of Wyoming into three townships was also approved. The "act to prevent and stay suits" was repealed 9th September, 1TS3. Two full companies of soldiers, " who have served in the Pennsyl- vania line," were enlisted. Capt. Patterson, now a justice of the peace, returned full of zeal. He changed the name of AVilkes-Barre to Londonderry. For protesting against the lewdness and licentiousness of the soldiery, he arrested Col. Zebulon Butler, then just returned from service in the Revolutionary army. Him he sent to Sunburv, charged with high treason. In Plymouth he arrested man}^ respecta- ble citizens; feeble old men whose sons had fallen in the massacre — Prince Alden, Capt. Bidlack, Benjamin Harvey, Samuel liansom, Capt. Bates and others — greatly beloved by their neighbors. They were kept in loathsome prisons, starved and insulted. They were dispos- sessed, and Patterson's tenants put into their places. The unhappy husbandman saw his cattle driven away, his barns on tire, and his wife and daughters a prey to licentious soldiery. The people, outraged, petitioned the Assem])lv. It sent a commit- tee to take testimony. Daniel Clymer, of Berks, one of the committee, rose in his place, and said, "there Avas evidence enough to show that Alexander Patterson ought to be removed." Gen. Brown, another member of the committee, said he " was certain no member of the House could imagine him in the interests of the people of Wyoming, beyond the bounds of truth and the desire to do justice. He had visited Wyoming as one of the committee on the subject, and had heard all the evidence on both sides. The wrongs and sufferings of the people of Wyoming he was constrained to declare were intolerable. If there ever was on earth a people deserving redress, it was those people." But Patterson was sustained by the Assembly. At the opening of 1784, matters reached a crisis. I quote Chapman, writing in 1818, a trustworthy chronicler: "The inhabitants finding, at length, that the burden of their calamities was too great to be borne, began to resist the illegal proceedings of their new masters, and refused to comply with the decisions of the mock tribunals which had been established. Their resistance enraged the magistrates, and on the 12th of May, the soldiers of the garrison were sent to disarm them, and, under this pretense, one hundred and fifty families were turned out of their dwellings, man}' of which were burned, and all ages and sexes reduced to the same destitute condition. After being plundered of their little remaining ]n'operty, they were driven from the valley, and compelled to proceed on foot through the wilderness b}" way of the Lackawaxen to the Delaware, a distance of eighty miles. During the journey the unhappy fugitives suffered all the miseries which human nature seemed capable of enduring. Old men, whose children wei'e slain in battle, widows with their infant children, and children without parents to protect them, were here companions in exile and sorrow, and wandering in a wilderness where famine and ravenous beasts con- tinued daily to lessen the number of sufferers." 130 IIISTOJIY OF JiKAJ)FORU COUNTY. In March, of that year, a flood in the Susquehanna had swept the lowlands, carrying houses and fences all away. Patterson seized the opportunity, with land lines thus obliterated, to dispossess the occu- piers, restore the lines of Pennsylvania surveys, and thus bring about the cruel and pitiful exodus just referred to. He shall tell his own story : " The settlements upon the river have suffered much by an inundation of ice, which has swept away the ^greatest part of the grain and stock of all kinds, so that the inliahit- ants are generally very poor. Upon my arrival at this place (Wyom- ing), the 15th instant (April, 1784), I found the people for the most part disposed to give up their pretentions to the land claimed under Connecticut. Having a pretty general agency from the landholders of Pennsylvania, I have availed myself of this periods, and have possessed, in hehalf of my constituents, the cliief ])art of all the lands occupied by the above claimants, numbers of tlieni going up the river to settle, and filling up their vacancy with well-disposed Pennsylvanians, * * yet I am not out of apprehension of trouble and danger arising from the ringleaders of the old offenders,"' etc. (By "ringleaders" he means such men as Butler, Ross, Dennison, Dorrance, Shoemaker, Jen- kins, Franklin, Slocum, Harvey, etc). By the 1st of June, he had made pretty clean work of it, and this without trial or verdict or other process of law. Wherever news of this outrage reached, indignation was aroused, and nowhere more generally than in Pennsylvania. The troops were ordered to be dismissed. Sheriff Antis, of Northumberland county, which then included Wyoming, went to restore ordei-. Messengers were dispatched to recall the fugitives. But they found Justice Patterson still flaming with wrath, and went into garrison near Forty Fort. Two young men, Elisha Garrett and Chester Pierce, having been slain by Patterson's men, while proceeding to gather the crops, the settlers rallied for serious hostilites. John Franklin organized what effective men he could find. He swept down the west side of the Susquehanna and up the east side, dispossessing every Pennsylvania familv he found. He attacked the fort to which they fled, was repulsed with loss of several lives on each side, and returned to the Kingston fort. Civil war now openly prevailed. ( Forty of the Penn- sylvania party were indicted at Sunbur}', and subsequently convicted for their participation in expelling the inhabitants). Other magistrates, Hewitt, Mead and Martin, had been sent to open negotiations. They demanded a surrender of arms from both sides. In their report to the president and members of the Supreme Council, under date of August 6, 1784, they say: "In obedience to instructions of council of the 24th of July, we repaired to this place (Wyoming), and found the Pennsylvania and Connecticut parties in actual hostilities, and yester- day made a demand of the Connecticut party of a surrender of their arms, and submission to the laws of the State, which they complied with. We also made a demand of the same nature of the party in the garri- son, but have received no direct, but an evasive, answer. * * As to the pretended titles of the Connecticut party we have nothing to fear, and are convinced that had it not heen through the cruel and irregidar HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 131 condiict of our i)eo])le, the 'peace might have heen established long since, and the dignity of the Government supportedr Again, under date of August 7 : "We have dispersed the Con- necticut people, hut our oion people we cannot^ Tlie " party in the garrison " consisted of Patterson and such troops as had enhsted under him in tiie interests of the Landliolders, without any warrant of law. When Patterson refused to surrender, the Connecticut people were permitted to resume their arms. At this stage, Cols. Armstrong and Boyd appeared with a force of four hundred militia from Northampton county. By a piece of the most absolute treachery, he procured the surrender of the Yankees, and marched them, sixty-six in all, bound with cords, and under circum- stances of great cruelty, to jail at Easton and Sunbury. The con- quest was complete. "The only difficulty that remained was how to get rid of the wives and children of those in jail, and of the widows and orphans whose husbands and fathers slept beneath the sod." Col. Armstrong was now confronted, to his surprise, by the censure of the State authorities. The " council of censors " looked into the case, and took action. Frederick A. Muhlenberg was presi- dent. This body had just been chosen under the Constitution of 1776, and it was their duty " to inquire whether the Constitution has been preserved inviolate in Q^[(ivy part, and whether the legislative and executive branches of the Government have performed their duty as guardians of the people, or assumed to themselves, or exercised, other or greater powers tnan they are entitled to by the Constitution." In September, 1781, they delivered a decision which was a solemn denunciation of the measures pursued against the W\^oming settlers. The Executive Council paid no heed to the censure nor to the advice of Pi-esident Dickinson. A fresh levy of troops was ordered. The militia of Bucks, Berks and Northampton, refused to march. Arm- strong hastened to Wyoming with less than a hundred men, in Octo- ber! He promptly attacked the settlers in their fort, at Kingston, without success. William Jackson, a Yankee, had been wounded. Capt. John Franklin seized Jackson's rifle, bloody from his wound, and swore a solemn oath " that he would never lay down his arms until death should arrest his hand, or Patterson and Armstrong be expelled from Wyoming, and the people be restored to their rights of possession, and a legal trial guaranteed to every citizen by the Consti- tution, by justice and by law." Gen. Armstrong went on to dispossess the families who had returned to their several farms. All these proceedings led up to the passage of the Act of Assembly of September 15, 1784, entitled "An Act for the more speedy restoring the possession of certain messuages, lands, and tenements in Northumberland county, to the persons who lately held tne same," under which the settlers were once more let into some assurance. Armstrong and Patterson were recalled. "Thus ended the last expedition fitted out by the government of Pennsylvania to operate against her own peaceful citizens," and "the second Pennamite war." Tiie few real Pennsylvania inq-)rovers had a sufficiently unhappy 132 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. life of it. They \A'ere subjected to great hardships, and, if you please, outrages, not forgetting the unfortunate encounter in Plymouth, in July — the lamentable affair at Locust Hill, with Maj. Moore's com- mand, in August — the indignity offered to Col. Boyd, a Pennsylvania commissioner, in September — nor the attack on 26th September on the commissioners (disclaimed by Franklin and his party) — nor the final attack on " the garrison," in which Henderson and Reed were shot. By the 1st October, 1T84, the condition of affairs was dej)lorable, but "the thing was settled," and the agony over. '"Two years have now elapsed since the transfer of jurisdiction by the Trenton decree. Peace, which waved its cheering olive over every other part of the Union, healing the wounds inflicted b}' ruthless war, soothing the sorrows of innumerable children of affliction and kindling the lamp of hope in the dark chamber of despair, came not to the broken hearted people of Wyoming. The veteran soldier returned, but found no resting jilace. Instead of a joyous welcome to his hearth and home, he found his cottage in ruins or in possession of a stranger, and his wife and little ones shelterless in the open fields or in the caves of the mountains ; like the sea-tossed mariner approaching the wished- for harbor, driven by adverse winds far, far from shore, to buffet again the billows and the storm. It is true, and honorable to those wiio effected it, that the New England people were repossessed of their farms, but a summer of exile and war had left them no harvest to reap and they returned to their empt}' granaries and desolate homes' crushed by the miseries of the Indian invasion ; mourners over fields of more recent slaughter, destitute of food, with scarce clothing to cover them through tlie rigors of a northern winter, while clouds and dark- ness shrouded all the future. Assuredly, the people of Wyoming Avere objects of deepest commiseration, and the heart must be harder and colder than marble that could look upon these sufferings and not drop a tear of tenderest pity." — [Mi/ner.'] We have had occasion to notice the failure of the claimants under the Susquehanna Companv to get a new tribunal ajipointed by Con- gress to try their case under the Articles of Confederation. Col. Franklin had been active and untiring in liis efforts to that end. Upon their failure he went to Connecticut to see iiis old friends and to stir them to some new and dangerous enterprise. He pointed out the richness and beauty of the valley of Wyoming ; the wrongs of her people; the failure of Pennsylvania, with all her machinery, to oust a handful of settlers. "A chord was struck that vibrated through all New England. Franklin, in the spirit of his oath, infused his own soul, glowing with resentment and ambition, into the ])eople with whom he conversed ; and had not his schemes been counteracted by a timely and prudent change of policx^ on the part of her authorities, Pennsylvania had lost her fair northern possessions, or, b}'^ a new civil war. extinguished the Connecticut claim in blood." Mischief was in the wind. Justice David Meade was about the last Pennsylvania claimant left in possession, although he was one of the earliest Connecticut settlers. He was one of Patterson's justices, looked upon as a traitor from tlie Yankee ranks, and a spy on the HISTOKY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 133 people. Rising one morning, he found a dozen men mowing his meadows. Said one : " Squire Meade, it is you or us. Pennamites andYankees can't live together in Wyoming. Our lines don't agree. We give you fair notice to quit, and that shortly." It illustrated the situation. He was the last Pennsylvania claimant on the WN^oming lands. The Susquehanna Company was re-convened at Hartford, on July 13, 1785. Its proceedings were significant, and embraced a substan- tial declaration of war. Pennsylvania had been a vigilant observer of events. On December 24, 1785, she passed " An Act for quieting disturbances at Wyoming, for pardoning certain offenders, and for other purposes therein mentioned." A general pardon and indemnity was offered for offences committed in the counties of Northumberland and Northampton, in consequence of the controversies between the Connecticut claimants and other citizens of the State, before the 1st of November, 1785, provided the persons having so offended surrendered themselves before 15th April, 1786, and entered into bonds to keep the ])eace. It also repealed the act confii'ming the division of the townships of Shawanese, Stokes, and Wyoming into two districts for the election of justices of the peace, and annulled the commissions granted. No great number of these settlers were in any humor thus to sue for pardon, and the la^v fell — a dead letter. The Susquehanna Company met again in Mav. 1786. This time it rather chivalrously resolved to " effectually justify and S'n.j)2)ort the settlers." In fact, the latter, while nominally under the laws of Penn- sylvania, governed themselves. Sheriff Antis, of Northumberland county, had wiseh" " pocketed " most of the writs he held against them, unexecuted. On the 25th of September, 1786, the county of Luzerne was erected. It embraced the lands settled by the New England emigrants. It gave them representation in the Council and the Assembly, and proved to be a wise measure. But, step by step, as Penns3dvania moved to close up the trouble, the Susquehanna Company w^ent for- ward with its scheme of revolution. On the 26th December, 1786, at its meeting in Hartford, it appointed the following ominous list of ''Commissioners:" Maj. Judd, Samuel Gray, Joel Barlow, Oliver Wolcott, Jr., Al. Wolcott, Jr., Gad Stanley, Joseph Hamilton, Timothy Hosmore, Zebiilon Butler, Nathan Dennison, Obadiah Gore, John Franklin, Zerah Beach, Simon Spalding, John Jenkins. Paul Schott, Abel Pierce, John Bartle, Peter Loop, Jr., John Bay, and Ebenezer Gray. These were well known names, and it was quite certain that what they responsibly undertook, would be done. Tiiey or any five of said commissioners ''shall be a court with power, etc., * * this potver to determine vjhenever a form of internal government shall be estahUshed in that oountryP Gen. Ethan Allen was in the scheme, and actually appeared at Wyoming, in regimentals and cocked-hat, with the Green Mountain boys, fresh from their victory over New York, in reserve, and in his honor was laid off Allensburg township, along the upper Wyalusing 134 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. creek. This was a large grant to Ethan Allen. The purpose was to erect the Connecticut claim in Pennsylvania into a new State, and the action was as public and as bold as that of the Declaration of Indepen- dence, by brave and desperate men who stood at bay. They issued "• half-share" rights in great numbers, and new faces — strangers to the '*old settlers " — began swarming into the vallev. The old-time residents had no sympathy with all this. They knew" it pro- longed the unhappy situation, and deprecated its effects. Asa witness in Van home vs. Dorrance expressed it : " The half-share men and the old settlers were a distinct people, and as much opposed to each other as to Pennsylvanians." On the 27th of December, 1786, an act was passed providing for the election of representatives, justices of the peace, etc., in Luzerne county. Timothy Pickering, Zebulon Butler and John Franklin were appointed in the act to notify the electors, take oaths of allegiance, etc. Franklin, as we have seen, had other views, and refused to act. Pickering had come as the special representative of the government of Pennsylvania. He was politic, and held to his definite purpose, wisely. Col. Butler wished repose for his neigh- bors and himself. Col. Pickering, as the result of a previous visit ((unofficial) to this region, had reported to the State authorities "that the inhabitants expressed a willingness to submit to the govern- ment of Pennsylvania, provided they could have their lands confirmed to them." He then consulted eminent legal authority as to the 7'ight of the State to cede the lands to the Connecticut people, and, thereupon, " he undertook the laborious, the difficult, and, in the minds of many, the hopeless task of conciliating the minds of the Wyoming people. With his utmost efforts, during a whole month's diligent application, he barely succeeded, and solely by the expectations he persuaded them to entertain that they loould he confirmed in their possessions.'''' With these assurances, the great majority of the people were for submission. Three classes were opposed. A few, thoroughly imbued with the absolute rights of their case — filled with the glowing tradi- tions of their struggles — wanted their possessions confirmed first, and submission afterward. Pennsylvania claimants, of course, resisted : such of the Susquehanna Company's grantees as were outside the lines of "the seventeen township," and the new influx of "half-share men." Says Miner : " And now, for the first time, was presented the spec- tacle, equally gratifying to foes and painful to friends, of open and decided hostility among the Wyoming people. Whatever difference of opinion may exist in respect to the justice of their claims, no liberal mind could have traced their arduous course through toil and priva- tion, through suffering and oppression, through civil and foreign war, and observed the fortitude, fellowship and harmony among them- selves that had prevailed, without a feeling of admiration for rare and generous virtues so signally displayed. In an equal degree was the mortification at the s])ectacle now presented. It Avas no longer ' Pen- nymiteand Yankee,' but the 'old settlers' against ' the wild Yankees' or ' half-share men.' " 1» V-s; ^.r^^a^K ^ HISTORY OF BRADFOKI) COUNTY. 137 The election went forward. John Franklin was chosen the mem- ber of Assembly; Nathan Dennison, member of the supreme executive council, and Lord Butler, high sheriff. Thus the county of Luzerne was fully organized. Forthwith, a long petition was sent to the Legislature then in ses- sion, setting forth that "seventeen townships, five miles square, had been located by the Connecticut settlers before the decree of Trenton," etc., and praying that " they might be confirmed in them." On the 27th of March, 1787, "an act for ascertaining and confirm- ing to certain persons, called Connecticut claimants, the lands by them claimed within the county of Luzerne, and for other purposes therein mentioned," was passed. The preamble is in the words: "Whereas, before the determin- ation of the claim of Connecticut, a number of its inhabitants, with their associates, settled upon and improved divers tracts of land, lying on and near the northeast branch of the river Susquehanna, and the waters thereof, and now within the county of Luzerne; and whereas })arts of the same lands have been claimed under titles derived from the late Proprietaries of Pennsylvania, and those interfering claims }iii\'K\^Y?^N\ (h'weU—l^-cmcy Darling ; IFysAT— Jacob Strickland. It will be under- stood from this notice that the mail for the entire county came to Towanda. When we reflect on the number of postoffices now in the count}^, the change will be strongly marked indeed. The next issue of the Gazette is dated September 21, and contains the conclusion of Lawrence's biography. On the third page is a notice of the '' Celebration of the National Fast^'^hy "the friends ^of American 152 HISTORY OF BRADFOKI) COUNTY. Liberty and Independence," in the township of Burlington, September 9, "in the meeting-house contiguous to Nathaniel Ballard's." The account says: '' An appropriate and patriotic discourse Avas delivered bv Kev. John M'Keen." In this paper is a notice by Eli Parsons, "Adm'r of William Johnson's estate.'' Then follows a notice dated, " Jail at Towanda," by Constant Williams, stating that he has applied to the judges "for the benefit of the laws for the relief of insolvent debtors." The poor man was imprisoned for debt. Abner C. Rockwell, sheriff, offers " $30 reward " for John Shrader, Jr., " of dark complexion, black curly hair, dark eyes, speaks broad English, and the German tongue, about six feet high, who made his escape from the jail of Bradford on the evening of the 13th inst." He does not inform us what the man was in jail for. The next issue has a notice of a farm for sale, by Orr Scovell'. It is described as lying on Towanda creek, 190 acres, within a mile and a half of Towanda. Another notice, by the same man, of a "paire of 2 yr. old steers, that broke into the inclosure of the subscri- ber.'' The next is by Joel Stevens and Elisha Rich, administrators of Gustavus Ellsworth, deceased. The issue, dated October 5, has a notice bv A. \\ Mathews. " Wanted, a good steady laborer." Ebenezer Gregory ''forbids any person cutting timber" on the land in Towanda, he had contracted for with the town proprietors, John Shepherd and Benjamin Durrance ; Lieut. Col. Samuel Satterlee gives notice to the officers and men of the Fifty-seventh Regiment, that the battalion commanded by Samuel McKean will meet at the house of William Furman, in Columbia township, and the second battalion, commanded by Maj. Abraham Snell. are to meet at the house of Abner Murry, Athens; Justus Gaylord and William Myer, commissioners, give to all persons who have subscribed toward the public buildings of the county notice to pay up, and that they will receive proposals for 300 perches of stone for building the jail The paper of October 12th, publishes on the first page the "official account of the capture of the British fleet on Lake Erie, by the American fleet under Commodore Perrv." This celebrated naval battle was fought September 10, 1813. In the Gazette of October 12, api)ears an advertisement by Commis- sioners Justus Gaylord and A¥illiam Myer, calling for coijtracts for materials to be used in constructing " a court house and gaol, as follows: 6,763 ft. square timber; 7,184 ft. scantling; 8,860 ft. white oak plank: 200 ft. cherrv plank; 500, clear white pine; 5,000 ft. 1^ inch white pine boards; 50.000 ft. boards for ceiling; 4,500 ft. H vellow pine flooring ; 6,500, siding; 13,000 shingles; 10,000 brick, "'and 200 bu. lime." And again, they notify all who have subscribed toward public buildings to pay up. tlien comes David Pratt with " Look Here," notifying those who owe him for "cloth- dressing" to promptly settle for the same. The next issue, October 17, contains the official returns of the election in the county. Burr Ridgwav, Democrat, was elected over J. Kingsbury, Federal, county commissioner, bv a majority of 108, in a total vote in the county of t)22 ; 365 for Ridgway. 'and '257 for his opponent. The lowest majority given the Democratic candidates for auditors over their Federal opponents was 105. The vote in the respective townships between HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 153 the two parties was as follows — tne tirst numl^er being Deiriocratic : Athens, 61—73; Cliffsburg, 73—10; Burlington, 49— 8 ;'Canton, 35— 2i; To\vanda, 47— 37 ; Wysox, 34— L8; Orwell, 27— 27; Wyalusing, 39 — 40. The three auditors elected were Clement Paine, Moses Cool- baugh and Jonathan Stevens. The elected assemblymen for the Lycom- ing section of Bradford county were John Forster and Henry Welles, Democrats ; to the assembly from the Luzerne section of Bradford county, Jabez Hyde, Jr., and Joseph Pruner, Democrats. As a foot note to the election returns, the editor says: It is presumed it will uot be amiss to say there has not been a single word of slander or abuse on either side in the county. The importance attaching to this (juoted paragraph comes from three sources: First, it indicates a decent circums}>ection on the part of the respective candidates and voters ; second, the only paper in the county was Democratic, and had no organ to reply to it ; third, it was the first line or paragraph of editorial that ever appeared in the paper, either* general or local. The style of papers in that day differed much from those of the present. Then the first page had a few '"ads.," and was all "foreign news,'' about a month old, the remainder of the paper being clippings from other papers — -long articles on religious, war or )>olitical subjects. The issue now under consideration has a " Com- municated" of over two columns, — a circular letter of the Chemung Baptist Association. The editor of the first ]iaper, or of any country paper for that matter, hardly reflects on the very important position he fills, especi^ ally with reference to the rising generation — the children in the farm- houses, where the county paper is an institution. As a farmer boy, the writer of these lines has fastened on his mind distinctly the num- bers of the paper that he first read. He had been going to the country log school-house and .the Sunday-school; had been supplied with some of the moral fictions about good children, and had surreptitiously read '' Alonzoand Melissa," but rather liked better '• Daniel and the Lions," oi", " Jonah and the Whale ; " and from these would turn with some interest to the weekly arrival of the paper from the county town The "'cuts" and "ads." were first read, and as implicitly believed as " Alonzo and Melissa," and the other stories he had been devouring. He was forcibly struck with tiie character enigmas attached to the advertisements, as 7 — tf. 9 — 3t, or 10 — 3, 9tf, and other puzzles of this kind. What did tliey mean (^ He made inquiry of all the family, but was none the wiser therefor. After reading the big type " ads.," he would turn to the " Poets' Corner "^ — first column on the fourth page always. He hardly ever understood what it was saying, but the short lines made it easy reading, comparatively. From here he would scan over the paper for very short articles, leaded articles, with very short paragraphs, but it was a long time before he iiad the courage to read a long article, set solid, with few paragraph breaks in it. A boy, though possessed of telescopic eyes, like the eagle, will almost jab his nose against anything he is much interested in looking at. Therefore very large (h'splay t3^pe does not make so good an im]')ression on his mind as the medium-sized letter. But in time the bov will come to read the pa])er 154 HISTORY OF BI{A1)F0RD COUNTY. carefully all through, and implicitly believe every word. A child's capacity to believe is very large, and is only gradually worn away to a respectable degree of doubting by repeated experiences. In time, the boy, who had finally become so deeply imbued with the excellencies and greatness of the county paper, reached the acme of his ambition, and owned a country paper, and was called upon to do at times about everything in the office. He plunged in with all the faith, hope and wild ambition of earliest manhood, to set the world aright — settle all these questions that the earth's great men had so criminally neglected. He read over and over the proofs of his own articles; re-read them when the damp first impression was struck off, and held his breath to witness the shock that would now come to our little universe. His amazement that people did not stop him on the street, rush up in crowds to his sanctuni sancloruni (one corner of the imposing-stone), to talk about his editorials, was mitigated somewhat by a visit from the fellow who wanted to whip the editor. He rapidly ran the rounds of a new country, editor's experiences ; Avould lose faith in mankind, but eventually lost much of his own faith in himself. AVhether he was a success in teaching mankind or not, was a question ; but one thing remains a fact — the world taught the young man a great deal. He had been to the log school, the academy and to college, but at last realized that the days of education commenced \vhen he entered the printing office. The country newspaper is the best school in the world, at least for the youth who performs the rounds in it from roller-boy to editor-in-chief, and all the intermediates of compositor, job man. pressman, mailman, general business manager, writing '• ads.," and then setting them up ; solicitor, paymaster, purchas- ing agent, fighting editor, his own lawyer in damage suits ; clean the office, keep the files, read the exchanges, and placate a howling mob occasionally at the front door. If I had a boy and there was any promise in him, and I was given the free choice of the rounds in a country printing-office and a course through Oxford for him, I would by far ])refer the former. The ])rinting-office turns out no learned ignorance— never. The schools and colleges do — a swollen stream that runs on forever. I have heard many a " tramp printer" (that is the title he gives himself) criticise a " take" of some man's manuscr-ipt, perhaps a man noted for his learning, until it would make his cheeks tingle, could he hear this rough and unpretentious man's just I'emarks in reference to it. The war-times printer, especially, was a character — reckless and dissipated often— making short stays at each place, tramping hundreds of miles in the course of the year, and at all times either "broke" or drunk; his more stead3'-going brother always giving him a chance to "sub" on his case, and make a "stake," as he called it. But this is now all changed. The printer is beginning to have his home, and as a rule he is looking forward to someday having his own office. The Bradford Gazette, of October 4, 1813, opens the first page with a five-line editorial, which is placed at the head of a long article l)y John Dickinson, an address to "the free electors and all candid citizens of Pennsylvania." A new advertisement is in this paper: a W W /(^i2/{Wt&/-C HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 157 notice by John Ballard, "not to trust my wife, Polly,'" because she '" has left my bed and board." The inference is that John and Polly found marriage a failure. In the next column is a notice in the divorce case of Mary Pitcher versus Jonathan Pitcher. It seems that Mary and Jonathan were not as Jonathan and David. Phineas C. Morgan and John McClelland, of Columbia, as administrators of the estate of Nathaniel C. Morgan, give notice of settlement. October 26, David Ridgway gives notice that "his indentured bov named Henrv Shoemaker," has run away. The lad was sixteen years old. John Robinson, Stephen C. King and Harry Spalding, of Towanda, publish notice of dissolution of partnership. John Northrup gives notice of mill-stones to sell. John M'Kean, administrator of the estate of Widow Jane M'Kean, gives notice of settlement. The paper dated No- vember 16, 1813, appears with a new head. So momentous is this fact that Editor Simpson ventures upon the only real long editorial he had yet printed. The opening sentence says: '^"The unexpectedly liberal support bestowed on this paper, so early in its establishment, has in- duced the editor to present to his subscribers the new head which ornaments his fourteenth number. * * * While our readers are admiring the taste and skill of the artist, let them not fail to remember that the emblems with which he has surrounded the American Eagle are not now as they have been for twenty years past— vain, gasconading and ridiculous '^fancies— The American Eagle is no longer 'a web-footed fowl plucked by every passer by '—but, as the artist indicates, his wing is indeed above the'clouds, the lightning that he grasps his enemies have felt, and the radiance of his crest will at length be real." As editorial eagle-soaring, that is verv fair indeed. The editor gives notice that he wants a quantitv of '^" square tim- ber," and also that he has ''blanks" at his office. In the next issue, 23d, Harry Spalding, treasurer, gives notice that he is required by the commissioners to make immediate collections on "all obligations and subscriptions." Walter AVheeler says a stray steer broke into his inclo- sure m Wysox; John Smith, of New Sheshequin, states that a three- year-old black and white bull had strayed to his place; Eli Par- sons, of Sniithfield. gives notice, as administrator of William Johnson's estate ; H. Spalding wants to buy rags. The issue of December 7th, is tilled with war news from France and Austria, and new " ads." as fol- loAvs: William Means issues a short notice for customers to "pav up or give notes at once." Thomas Beebe gives notice that he has a supply of saddles, harness, portmanteaus, bridles, lines, shoes, etc.: George Scott wants a journeyman blacksmith ; J. W. Alder, of Lewis- I)urg Glass Works, wants wood— offers 67 cents for chopping; Ezra Putty, of Towanda, gives notice as executor of Ezra Rutty, deceased ; Samuel C. Hall, of Cecil, gives notice, " Timber Wanted." In the issue of December 21st, appears an elaborate advertisement by Benia- min Coolbaugh, of a valuable farm in Towanda township, for sale, six miles from Towanda. on the bank of the Susquehanna, adjoining the lands of William Coolbaugh on the nortli, Solomon Coal on the west, and Aaron Morris on the south— one hundred and twentv acres. A good hewed-log house, with four rooms " on a floor," and" thirtv-five 158 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. acres under fence and about fifty acres planted, inquire of Mr. Cool-_ baugii, "on Towanda creek, and near Mr. Jolin Mints, innkeeper.'' Samuel E. Grier, collector of 21st District, gives notice to retailers of liquors. William Ivnapp has on hand, for sale, "good sole and upper leather shoes, boot-legs and harness leatlier." George Scott wants a journeyman blacksmith for a term of six months ; Walter Whellar, of Wysox, says a stray steer came to his place. The paper of December 23th, gives President Madison's message in full. It had been delivered December 7th. These, too, were stirring times of war — sometimes called our second war for Independence from Great Britain. The new "ads." in this paper: Dawner Woodworth, of Tioga, warns the pub- lic against a note given by him to Ebenezer Bacon. He says : " I am determined not to pay it, unless compelled by law." Henry Wells, of Athens, offers for sale a quantity of clover seed ; Lieut. Col. Samuel Satterlee gives notice to the Fifty-seventh Regiment to meet at the house of Capt. Ebenezer Kendall, in Burlington. On Januarv 4th — he forgot to mark up the new year, and so it is "January 4, 1813," — is given Gov. Simon Snyder's message in full. The opening sentence is replete with history' : "Since the last session of the Legislature, events the most interesting have followed one another in rapid succession. Our sister States on the lakes and on the Atlantic have been invaded, and the Capitol of the Union menaced by hostile fleets and armies. I am happy and grateful to say that under Divine Providence the savage invaders liave been repelled. A terri- tory has been restored to the Union ; our western fellow-citizens now sleep in safety and pursue without fear their lawful occupations. The hands dyed in innocent blood, which were uplifted to slay and scalp our fellow-citizens, are now raised to supplicate for mercy." A second letter list is published, and this time the postmaster is Thomas Simpson, A. P. M. The following letters are advertised : Scovel Bailey, Sally Kent, Eliphalet Mason, 2 Hugh Johnson, Dr. Stephen Ballard, Nathaniel Allen, Esq., Octavius A. Holden, David Pratt, Hous Bentley, Jacob Strickland, Silas Barton, Esq., Ebenezer Bixby, Stephen Flower, Charles Thompson, Jeremiah Smith, Peter Bright, Elijah Sturdevant. Samuel Rockwell, Elias Vaughan. A post- script is addetl, as follows: "Persons wishing to forward letters by mail, must send them to the postoffice every Tuesday before 12 o'clock." Then comes a "$10 Reward," by William Allen, constable, of Wysox, for John Strope, who had made his escape; a sheriff's sale, by Abner C. Rockwell; a notice, by S. T. Barstow, librarian of the Wysox and Orwell Library, of the purchase of books, etc. This issue has two editorials. The first is set in display job type, and informs the patrons of the paper that they must pay up. "The editor flatters himself that there wn'll be no necessity of his resorting to coercive measures to obtain just dues," etc. Then follows an account of a fracas near Terrytown. * * " We have only learnt the names Crocker and Turner; the quarrel ended thus unfortunately for them both — Crocker had or procured a loaded gun, which he discharged at the latter, who survived but a few days— not being acquainted with the facts, think it proper not to make any further statements." Suppose HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 159 a modern reporter should bring m that style of a report of a homicide to the managing editor! A notice is given "to purchasers of land of Charles Pleasants, through the agency of Thomas Overton," notifying them that their bonds and mortgages are now in the hands of John Morris, of Wellsburg. The issue of January 18, 1814, is filled with war news, clipped from exchanges ; long communications on the conduct of the war, and com- plaints of the failures of the commanders of the army. An article from the Albany Argus is headed, " Disastrous and Shocking." It goes on to say that " We stop the press to say that an express has just arrived, who left Baltimore on Tuesda}', a. m., with the horrid intelli- gence that, on Sunday morning last, about three thousand British regu- lars, militia and Indians, crossed the Niagara river, carried the fort by storm, and murdered the whole garrison, except three who made their escape over the pickeis ; that they had also burnt the villages of Lew- istown and Manchester, and every building between the latter place and Niagara; "'■' * * it was expected that they were now proceeding to Buf- falo." This is followed by a notice to all the world by Isaac Hole- stead, that "my wife, elemima, hath eloped from my bed and board." Next is a notice by Peter Latimer, concerning the estate of Stephen Latimer. A notice is inserted by Josiah Crocker, that he wants " pay for cording." The issue of February 1, 1814, is also filled with war news. Among other papers is a message from President Madison, informingCongress that he has received from Great Britain overtures for negotiation of terms of peace. On page 3, is a report from Commissioners Justus Gaylord, William Myer and Burr Ridgway, giving receijitsand expen- ditures of the county. Total receipts of the county, $2,646.27 ; total expenditures, $2,7-l:'3.96. The most interesting items in the expendi- tures are the following: To county commissioners, $319.94; clerk hire, $120.75; panther certificates, $40; wolf certificates, $231; fox certificates, $1.87; temporary jail, $26.90; commissioners' and pro- thonotary's office, $342 ; treasurers' commissions, $76.09. The report is attested by Joseph Kingsbury, clerk. Then follows the notice of a public vendue, of the personal property of the late Isaac Cash. In the paper of the next week is an estray notice. " taken up on the Susque- hanna river, a large ferry boat," by James Anderson, of Wyalusing ; Jacob Bell, of Wysox, gives notice to "pay up;" William Means, of Towanda, wanted a quantity of " Bair and Deer skins." The only editorial in the Gazette of February 15, is a notice in brackets that, " being under the necessity of moving the office, there will be no paper next week." William Means offers to lease for a term of three years his store and tavern in Towanda. The premises consist of "a large and commodious dwellinf)'-house, with a store annexed, a well and pump likewise, and aqueduct w^ater from an unfailing spring, an ice- house, smoke-house, cai-riage-house and stables, barn with cellar stables, distillery with overhead water, a ferry, and about 100 acres of best mowing pasturage, an excellent garden, and good bearing orchard, all conveniently situated and in order." He explains that the place is widely known, " as the Courts of Common Pleas, etc., are now held 160 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. in an apartment of the house, and the public buildings are to be erected near it." This advertisement is quite a graphic pen-picture of Towanda at that time. The buildings were near what is now the corner of Main and Franklin streets, and the " 100 acres of best mowing and pasture land "is now the heart of the business part of the borough, and where are now splendid stores, gas and electric lights, with their decorated plate-glass windows. These were once the grazing grounds of William Means' cows and calves. In this issue is a proclamation by A. C. Rock- well, sheriff, for the approaching session of the court. The document is so pompous, and full of the lordly ways of doing these things by our fathers, that some of it is here given : " Whereas, the Hon. John B. Gibson, President Judge of the Courts of Common Pleas, and Courts of General Quarter Sessions of the Peace, and President Judge of the Courts of Oyer and Terminer and General Gaol Delivery, for the trial of Capital and other offenders for the Eleventh Judicial JDistrict, in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania * * * George Scott and John McKean, Esqrs., Judges of the Courts of Common Pleas and General Quarter Sessions of the Peace and associate Justices of the Courts of Oyer and Terminer and General Gaol Delivery," etc., etc. The court was to convene on the 18th day of April. The whole concludes with the usual "God save the Commonwealth." Then follow two new sheriff sales; a notice of the death of Moses Cool baugh, aged sixty- three years, leaving "a wife and eight children." Then follows: "By Yesterday's Mails," rumors of peace negotiations with England. It says that '' Hon. J. Q. Adams had written ■■ "- * that peace woukl speedily take place between England and America." We can hardly imagine what a thrill of joy this brief and modest announce- ment must have carried to our people. Jeduthen Withey forewarns all persons from taking an assignment of a note "given to the widow Tamson Ballord," for 3,000 shingles, " said note being fraudulently obtained." " Bevare of the vidders," unsophisticated Jeduthen. That name ought to have been your complete protection — it wasn't, it seems. The Gazette of March 8th, notwithstanding the ])receding rumors of peace, has this advertisement by the Government. Quoting the line: "A soldier is the noblest name," it proceeds to offer a bounty of " $124 and 160 acres of land to all patriotic, able-bodied young men who are desirous of shouldering a musket to defend the rights of our injured country against a tyrannical and barbarous enemy." This is signed by John Baldy, captain 16th Reg. U. S. Infantry. The next is a notice by Samuel Cooljbaugh and Burr Ridgway, Exrs. of ]\[oses Cool- baugh, deceased. John D. Saunders, of Towanda, offers "a valuable farm for sale, containing 440 acres, 37 acres cleared and under fence; also, the possession of 400 acres of improved land, on which is a first-rate saw-mill." The next week is a " caution to the public," by George Gerould, not to take a note given by him to John Wilson, for $10. Charles F. Welles, register, gives notice that John D. Saunders, administrator of John Cranmer. has presented full accounts, etc., etc. Then follows a column "ad." from H. Buckingham, drugs, medicines and paints, at Kingsbury. In his items are gentian, ginseng, juniper, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. KU sassafras, ivory, and pewter syringes, tooth instruments, thumb lancets, durable ink, dragons' blood, etc., etc. In the paper dated March 22, the editor again gives notice to "pay up," and he authorized Charles Keyes to collect bills and receipt therefor. March 29, appears onlv a half-sheet. The editor indulges in another editorial, in which he explains that his assistant, a 3'oung man, is sick. He further explains such action, under such circumstances, "is customary," and says, in conclusion, " tlie foregoing statement will be satisfactorv to every person of candoure." Ghost of Thomas Simpson, we metaphorically pat you on the back and say, " Yes-sir-ee ! " After all, there is a good deal of history in this half-sheet. It tells how the President, in a curt note of four lines, dismissed Gideon Granger, postmaster-general, from office. Then follows a short paragraph, giving an account of Cumber- land county that day sending from Cai-lisle its quota of troops, 500 volunteers. The particulars of the death of Tecumseh, shot and killed by Col. Dick Johnson. March 19, Gov. Simon Snyder vetoed the bill creating forty -one new banks. At the same time the Democrats in the Legislature held a meeting, and again nominated Gov. Snvder to be his own successor. The issue of April 12 appears with all advertisements out. It is supposed the old ones had run out, and no new ones came in. It has another marked feature : there are as many as four short editorials. The first announces that Mr. Simpson is away, "procuring the means to improve the Gazette, and, during the interim, it is conducted by a man long detached from the society of the press ; this announcement will make the critic himself forgive the errour it may contain." [Too bad he withheld his name.] Then comes an editorial eulogistic of Gov. Snyder; the writer evidently was in favor of his re-election. There is a ten-line editorial on general glorification of the American character, and predicting many prosperous da3^s for our Republic. This is followed by a savage attack, editorially, on Caleb Strong, of Massa- chusetts. We can not fully learn just what Caleb had been doing to incite the writer's wrath. A paragraph marked with a %^^ informs us that "no mail had arrived when this paper went to press. The uncommon swell of the river, etc., cut off the regular communication. Great news is expected from Europe." Two or three numbers of the paper appear with no advertisements, except those of the editor. Then John D. Saunders again offers for sale his farm. The absence of advertisements is some- what made up by an editorial on the Merino sheep. The article explains that Bradford county is a favored place for raising these animals; recommends every farmer to raise this very superior breed ; appeals to their patriotism, and hopes to see every true American dressed in the superior goods from this wool, and concludes with the information thit Mr. Austin Leonard has '■^ Bom Pedro, a ram full of the blood." William Means and Andrew Irwin give notice that they have "taken up a raft of small logs on the Susquehanna river." The important ncAvs in this issue is stated : " Since Friday noon there have been various rumors in this city respecting the probabilities of an Armistice." 162 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. One feature of tiie paper that would appear curious now to our nation of newspaper readers, is that the files of which we are now giving some account of were published in the days of bloody and cruel war; stirring times, indeed, when every wind came laden with victories and defeats, dreadful marches, storming forts and bloody massacres, with many and many a deceptive rumor of peace, or at least an armistice; and yet the people bided their time in patience for the news from fathers, husbands, brothers and sons in the army, as it was doled out to them often a month old, and at best so meager as to be, it would seem, little better than simply prolonged torture. As a sample, the following is culled from the Gazette, of April 26, 1814:. It is a reprint from the Middleburg Golumhia Patriot, of April 6 — twenty days old. The account proceeds to say, substantially, that, " at a late hour last evening, we were politely favored with the perusal of a letter from a gentleman in Plattsburg to his friend in this town, dated Friday morning, April 1," etc. It then proceeds to give important accounts of the movement of our army, containing an account of a fight at La- Cole Mill, Canada. Our loss was twenty killed and wounded. Among the killed was Ensign Parker. Others rumored killed and wounded. It will be noticed the date of the action is not given. How could our people survive, after their modern habits, such slow and uncertain news from the front? A letter received then did not mean simply so many hours from starting point to destination, as it does now. They had no mails except the pony riders, who would pass a given point, like Towanda, once a week. Thus the most important news might be de- layed two weeks before it could start by letter. Now, people in San Francisco, measuring time Iw the sun, read all about what has trans- pired in TsTew York three hours or more before the people of the latter cit}^ themselves can hear of it. Remember, Fulton's steamboat was five years old — steam navigation was a demonstrated fact; and did our forefathers, just as we now are doing, look back toward their ancestors and marvel how they endured life deprived of all the advantages with which they were blessed ? In this paper is a notice so unique that we give it verbatim : "Oh, god of love, be true to my enamor'd breast, Be kind to the flame, if dead to all the rest." Married. — A.t Burlington, by the Rev. Mr. Ripley, Mr. Jehiel Farres, aged 75, to Miss Elizabeth Prouty, aged 19. After a courtship of fifteen minutes. Cephas and William Campbell, administrators of James Campbell, deceased, give notice. Jacob I. A. Johnson, of Athens, furnishes the paper with the first cut that seems to have been printed in the county — a horse standing on tw^o legs'; the other two he holds up as though he had inflamed corns. He describes him as the beautiful horse, " Young Yorkshire"- — eight years old "next grass." Augustus Fierce gives notice that he will sell " factory cloth shirting forty cents a yard, gingham fifty cents a yard, silk, twist, and hair combs of all descriptions" — all at Wysox. The issue of May 3, has three pages filled with the speech in Congress of Mr. Findley, '* on the loan bill." The next item is a notice that the accounts of Enoch and David Paine, of Athens, have been HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 168 placed in the hands of Edward Herrick, Esq., for collection. "The Silver Lake Bank" has a notice, dated from Wysox, bv the bank commis- sioners, that subscription books will be opened in the county for receiving stock subscriptions to the bank, etc. On different days, the notice informs the public, the books will be opened at the house of William Means, Towanda ; at the house of Dr. Stephen Watkins, Athens; at William Myers, Wysox; Jesse Ross, Pike; John Ilollen- beck,Wyalusing. Tiie commissioners' names to the notice are Benjamin Lathroj), Daniel Ross, Reuben Hale, George Scott, Samuel Stanton and Abisha Woodward. This is followed by a library notice of Eliphalet Mason and Samuel Cranmer, of Towanda. This was called the "Orient Library." A meeting was called at the house of Elisha Cole, m Towanda. The following item is from the Gazette's exchanges : Mmm>es--'l\\& Spanish and Portuguese governments have made the exportation of Merino bheep acapital crime, and, although great influence has been used, permission can not be obtained to export from Lisbon a flock now there, belonging to a house in this city. The paper of May 10 opens, as usual, with the first page filled with foreign news, such as a long proclamation by Napoleon to his soldiers. This news is three and four months old. On the next page is a three- column communication from Secretary of State James'' Monroe to Congress. Then is given, without headlines, an account of Gen. Jack- son's great victory over the Creek Indians at the "bend of the Tala- posa," near Milledgeville. There is another editorial in this issue. It refers to Madison's State paper, and darkly hints that many of the "federal papers'' will not publish it— concluding that, if Paul were living, he might, with propriety, say : " Blindness in part has hap- pened to Israel!" Another editorial item states that many of the raftsmen on the Susquehanna have died of sickness; manv more are sick, and many other deaths are expected. Deaths are announced of Simon Spalding, aged twenty-one, brother of Harry Spaldino-, near Columbia. Near the same place, the death of William Gate's, aged twenty-two, is also announced ; and also at Washington City, the'death of Samuel A. Otis, for many years Secretarv of the Senate. Then follows a notice of the Lycoming mail stage, giving a schedule of weekly trips to Williamsport— fare, seven cents per mile. William Midauo'h gives notice of the elopement of his wife. Clarissa, of Tioga. Again there are rumors in the air of peace with England. Then follows some desultory election news from parts of New York, in which is claimed Republican gains. This item closes Avith the word " celum ! " This must be a condensed Latin form of editorial exultation. They had not invented then the rural rooster, it seems, now kept on tap in the average country office about election times. June 7, 1814, notes an important change in the affairs of the Gazette. In display type, in the first column, appears the " proposal " of W. Brindle for publishing a weekly political and literary journal in Towanda. Mr. Thomas Simpson had sold to Mr. Brindle, who says he will take charge of the paper, September following— same name and terms, and to continue Republican (Democratic) in politics. Althouo-h the new proprietor was not to take control until the followino- SeJ)- 164 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. teraber, the paper continued to be issued each week by Thomas Simp- son. In the issue of June 14th, is the notice of Wiliiam Myers and Asahel Jarvis, of Wysox, of their carding machines " where wool will be carded by careful hands on short notice." June 21st a])pears a communication addressed to the Gazette, signed ''R.," which is a pat- riotic appeal for the people to stand together. The writer asks the people to be united as against the Old World, etc. He says he would risk his life on the proposition that if the " glorious news," now cur- rent in the East, that " Wellington is overthrown, and now Napoleon is on his way to America with a 100,000 men," that then party fac- tions would "^quickly disappear. He contends further that, while we have two political parties in this country, they " are only temporary." Charles F. Welles, register, gives notice that Abraham Minier and Henry Welles will apply for letters of administration on the estate of John Shippy, Married, June 19th, by Harry Morgan, Esq., Daniel Coolbaugh to Miss Sarah Post, of Wysox. Same day, by Burr Ridg- way, David Kenyon to Miss Sarah Post, of Wysox. Maj. John Tay- lor gives notice for all persons having claims against the One-Hundred and Forty-fourth Regiment Militia, to meet at Harry Morgan's, Wysox; there will be a board composed of Capts. John Mints and William Allen. Jacob Bell, of Wysox, gives notice to debtors for immediate payment. With Thomas Brindle's name at the masthead, and W. Brindle's " proposal" still running in the paper, the distinguishing mark of the change of proprietors is in the fact that now at least once and a while ashon editorial would appear. Under date of July 12, 1814, there is a whole column of editorial, giving an account of a Fourth of July celebration, at the house of James Gerould, at Smithfield. The officer of the day was Lieut. Hayes ; prayer, by Elder Ripley ; Declaration of Independence, by Col. Samuel Satterlee ; oration, by Charles Wood- worth. A general feast w^as served, and, " after the cloth was removed," toasts were given and responded to as follows : ^' The day we celebrateP " American Soil'^ " The late Gen. G. Washington.'' " The Delegated Assemblage of the " James Ifadison.'' People of the Earth at Paris.'" " Elbridge Gerry T " Agriculture, Commerce and. " Thomas Jefferson." Manufactures." " Simon Snyder." " The American Flag." " The State of Pennsylvania." ''The American Fair." (Not the " Ainerican Blood." Chicago Fair, but the ladies.) There were voluntary toasts by Col. Satterlee, Mr. Ripley, S. Wood, Esq., and Col. Tozer. This was one of the first celebrations of the glorious Fourth by the patriots of Bradford county. The editor informs us that it was a great success — many people present, " attended by music and the firing of musketry, and the American flag waved seventy feet above the patriots." Charles Woodworth's oration on the occasion is published in part in this issue. Then follows a brief account of a late election in Vermont, where and when "an overwhelming majority of Republicans [Democrats] were elected." Silas E.Shepard ■m^ HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1G7 In the Gazette of JiiW 10 is an account of the proposed change of Thomas Simpson from Towanda to Williamsport, and he advertises his proposal to publish at that place the ^' Lij coming Advertiser'- We learn from it that he was a native of that county. July 26, announces the marriage of Jesse Woodruff and Mrs. Pollv Ballard, of Tovvanda, by Rev. York. Also ap])ears a notice bV Andrew Coburn, concerning- the estate of Ebenezer Coburn, deceased ; Elisha Cole advertises Benjamin Coolbaugh, '^ a runaway apprentice ; " Elizabeth and John Knapp give notice concerning the estate of William Cole; another proclamation from Sheriff A. C. Rockwell, con- vening the courts; John Wilson, of Plainffeld, N. J., advertises for "information concerning Jeremiah Gach, son of the late Elizabeth Dunham." He was a lost heir to a considerable legacy. We refer to it, but not in the hope it will yet restore the lost to tlieirjust inheritance. August 9 is a notice to the Democratic-Republicans to meet at the house of William Means, Towanda, " to make arrangements prepara- tory to the general election." The editor had a cut of a small eagle, with its wings outstretched and claws full of arrows, with the American colors on its breast, the whole nearly an inch, from tip to tip, and has a good deal of the young goslingair in its tout ensemble, und this he puts occasionally over the very latest war news '' by ' yel'terday's' mail" — that is, the old- fashioned s looked like f so mucli that modern readers would think the printer was sureh^ tongue-tied. In his issue of August 16, he brings out his poultrv — the aforesaid eagle — and under it, in very large display type, is the word " VICTORY." Then follows the account of the " battle at Bridgewater, near Niagara Falls," on the 25th of the preceding month. This stirring news is credited to the I^u/- falo Gazette — Extra. In the next column is a notice bv William Allen that lie had purchased the Wysox fulling mill, formerly run by Jacob Bell. In the same number, Walter Wheeler, of Wysox,' gives notice to delinquents to pay up; Rhoda Gridley, administratrix of the estate of Chester Gridley, of Orwell, gives notice. The Gazette of August 23 is only a half sheet. The editor, in a stick-full of italics, but under the head of "yefterday's mail," pro- ceeds to explain as follows: "In consequence of the multiplicity of business, settlement, etc., and the foreign papers almost entirely bar- ren, at least, of anything interesting, or concerning our land or naval engagements — the Editor has thought proper to issue a half- sheet, etc." The importance attaching to this half-sheet is that it was the last that appeared in the name of Thomas Simpson, although it is evident W. Brindle had been running the paper for some time. Also with this half-sheet the })aper stopped publication. No mention of this fact, however, is made in the half-sheet. William Brindle had sold the office, and it was taken to Newtown (Elmira, N. ^ .), and Brad- ford county was without a newspaper. April 18, 1815, appeared the revived Bradford Gazette, and is indi- cated as Yol. M, No. 1, published by B. Ridg^way. The type and make-up are different from the first pa])er. It has the old engraved head, and is the same size. There is not a line or word of editorial. 1(38 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTy. and, except the very few advertisements, is all reprints, and is mostly under the* head of '"'^ foreign news." No reference to the war except the doings of the navy. The total of the advertisements are a notice by Charles F. Welles, register ; a proclamation by A. C. Rockwell, sheriff; militia notices by Edward Herrick and Col. Samuel McKean ; S. T. Barstow, of Wysox, offers for sale whisky from his Wysox distil- lerv ; and concludes with a list of letters, Burr Ridgway, P. M., as follows : Wilham BuflBngton, Churchill Barnes, Absalom Carr, James Campbell, Solomon Cole, Selah Crofut, Elisha Foster, Isaiah Grover, Elijah Horton, George Head, Alvin Humphrey, William Hitchcock, Matthew Russell, Martin Stratton, Isaac Swain, Ezra Spalding and James Smith. April 25 issue announces [the eagle not appearing] another great naval victory, by the frigate "Constitution." A fourJine editorial an- nounces that " returns of votes from 238 towns in Massachusetts, there is a Republican net gain of 2,000 ; the First Battalion, Fifteenth Regiment, commanded by Maj. Gould Seymour, is ordered to meet at the house of Jacob Meyer, Wysox, and "^ the Second Battalion, commanded by Maj. David Olds, is ^commanded to meet at the bouse of John Spald- ingj Ulster township; Martha Benjamin and Jonathan Stevens publish a notice concerning the estate of Richard Benjamin ; William Keeler, of Wysox, offers " for sale 950 ready-made horseshoes, and also a lot of factory cloth for cash or approved credit." May 2, 1815, contains a sheriff's sale of numerous tracts of land " on the waters of Towanda creek, and the property of the late Walter Stuart." We Sfive the warrantees' names, as indicating who were once property owners in that section : D. H. Cunningham, 438 acres ; James Smith, 410 acres; Thomas Hawthorn, 320 acres; Andrew Beckhart, 420 acres ; Alexander Boyd, 450 acres ; Jacob Bennett, 435 acres; George Lowman, 418 acres; Jonas Simons, 406 acres ; William Ray, 435 acres; Robert Hopkins, 434 acres ; David Rose, 466 acres; Samuel Wallace, 428 acres; George Hoffer, 416 acres ; Peter Bedford, 404 acres; Aaron Levy, 400 acres ; Isaac Miinor, 419 acres ; Deborah Stuart, 304 acres ; William Stuart, 280 acres ; Jacob Bemus, 437 acres ; Walter Stuart, 100 acres. Then follows a notice by Col. Harry Spalding and Lieut.-Col. William Allen, for the men to meet at the house of David Olds, Wysox. Mav 9 publishes as the most " Extraordinary News ! " the return of Napoleon to Paris, on the 20th of March preceding. Russell Fowler o-ives notice of the estate of Roger Fowler, deceased. The paper of May 16 contains some important items in the history of the borough of Towanda. The notice is lieaded " Naming the Town," and then savs that, at a meeting of the Court of Quarter Ses- sions in the township of Towanda, on May 8, 1815, Hon. John B. Gibson presiding, upon the petition of the inhabitants of the town- plot, laid out for the seat of justice, to wit : Simon Kinney, Charles F. Welles, Harry Spalding, Obadiah Spalding, Ebenezer B. Gregory, Jesse Woodruff, A. C. Stuart, Adam Conly, John E. Kent, Andrew Irwin, Burr Ridgwav and O. H. Holden, being all the said inhabitants— and John Franklin, Julius Tozer, Joseph Kinney, John Saltmarsh, Joseph HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 169 Kingsbury, David Paine, Michael R. Ttioi-p, Ezra Spalding, Natiianiel Allen, Salmon Bosworth, Edward Herrick, Ethan Baldwin and others, citizens of Bradford count}', setting forth that the inhabitants of the town-plot have unanimously selected Monmouth for the designation of said town, and all agreed to use that name for the county town. Per- mission was asked of the court, and given, to spread this proceeding on the court's record. Then for the next year the paper is dated " Monmouth ( Towanda township)." The final naming of Towanda is of itself quite a history. Col. Means was one of those positive men, and a political leader in the county; a Democrat (then called Republican), and he had been the chief influence in locating the town where it stands. The issue of the Gazette^ March 4, 1816, is dated '' Williamston," and Burr Ridgway explains : " The name of this village having become the source of considerable impetuosity and unreasonable strife, the editor, willing to accommodate all, announces a new name this da}^ — may it give satisfaction and become permanent.'' This prefix of " William" was as much intended for William Means as had the name of " Meansville." The place now bad advocates who called it all the various names of Williamston, Monmouth, Towanda anil Meansville, Pine Grove, etc. For so small a place it was already much named, and each name had its advocates as well as its opponents. To all these were added "Vauxhall" and " Claverack," the original name of the Connecticut purchase. In 1822 the name was still a subject of contention. The Gazette was now dated Meansville. This finally became, when the subject had fully entered into the county's politics, the Democratic favorite, and Towanda was the favorite of the opposition. This went on unabated until 1828 ; at that time Judge Ryan was senator from this district. It is said that, through the influence of James P. Bull and William Patton, Democrats, he opposed the incorjjoration of the village for some time on the ground that the incorporators had selected the name " Towanda." But after some time he consented, and it was finally settled officially and permanently in the incorporation act. It had enjoyed enough baptis- mal names to have been a Pi'ince Regent of some ro\'al house. The tradition yet remains that there was a private meeting of the citizens, and those of the meeting petitioned the Legislature for the incorpora- tion under the name of Towanda, and that before they were detected by the other side the bill had passed and become a law. The conten- tion had become quite earnest as it had grown and spread with the years. The incident, as insignificant as it now appears, is full of historical meaning. Man is a contentious animal. If he can not find one thing to disagree with his neighbor about, then he will hunt up another thing ; if there is nothing of any importance, then he will seize something- unimportant. He naturally feeds upon contention — controversy. Thus, it is to be seen, he rubs off his rough points, polishes the rough diamond, — advances himself in the scale of being. An over-contentious man in a neighborhood is apt not to be much loved, and is often positively dis- 170 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUKTY. liked, but after all he is the fish that keeps the waters stirred — and motion is existence throu<^hout the universe, it is life, and all there is. In the paper of May 23, following, is an offer of Ebenezer B. Gregory to sell at public auction ''at Monmouth," on a credit of three months, the contents of his store, and two cows, one chaise and two horses ; Sterling Holcomb, of Canton, warns the public against "a note of hand given to Michael Griffin ; " William Myer, Burr Ridgway and Samuel McKean, commissioners, give notice that in future their regular meetings will be on the first Tuesday of each month. In the number, May 30, is an account of what we would now call a party county convention. It is worded so as to best show the mode of conducting affairs political at that time, and commences by reciting that at the May term of the court of Bradford county a number of liepublicans were convened at the tavern of William Means, " with a view of exerting all their energies to support the institutions of their government," etc. The meeting appointed what was called " a com- mittee of vigilance," as follows: Athens, Col. Julius Tozer and Edward Herrick ; Ulster, Capt. Joseph Powell, Elijah Saltnuirsh ; Smithfield, Col. Samuel Satterlee, Capt. Ebenezer B. Gerould ; Wells, Capt. George Hyde, John Cummings ; Springfield, Reuben Wilber, Noah Murray ; Columbia, Isaac Wheeler, David R. Haswell ; Burlington, Col. Samuel McKean, Samuel Conant ; Canton, Isaac Chappel, John Knapp; Towanda, Eliphalet Mason, Capt. John Mints; Asylum, Bar- tholomew Laporte, Maj. John Horton ; Windham, Edward Russell, Jonathan Pease; Warren, James Bowen, Benjamin T. Case; Orwell, Maj. David Olds, Joel Barnes ; Pike, Jesse Ross, Rathel Stone ; Wyalusing, John Hollenbeck, Joseph Elliott; Wysox, Jonathan Stevens, George Scott. Each towmship committee was instructed to call a township meeting and send delegates to a county meeting. Then Samuel Satterlee and Samuel McKean were appointed to confer with the Republicans of Tioga county, and endeavor to "promote a reci- procity of action." In the paper of June 6 is a notice of David Ridgway, Wysox, of " fancy Windsor chairs, common chairs, great spinning wheels, bureaus and tables," manufactured at his shops, for sale. J. M. PioUett, of Wysox, advertises a " platform of boards " as going adrift from the mouth of Wysox creek; David Paine, secretary of the Cayuga & Susquehanna Turnpike Company, notifies the stockholders of a meeting; William Myer and Asahel Jarvis give notice that their carding maciiine is about ready to commence operations; Nehemiah Tracy, administrator, gives notice concerning the estate of Joshua Eames, of Smithfield township. In the next paper, A. C. Rockwell, Towanda, gives notice that he has a number of grass scythes for sale. The militia of Bradford county, commanded by Captains Brookins, Powell, Kinney, Gerould and Stuart, are notified to meet for the purpose of electing a major, to supply the vacancy caused by the resignation of David Olds. Harr}^ Spalding says he has found a stray ferry boat , Jacob Strickland says he has found a " ticket in the New Baltimore Lottery." In turning over the leaves of this volume of the Gazette — this HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 171 faithful mirror of its times— what would strike any one at this day is, first, the absence of editorials, general or local; second, the promi- nence given to " European news," especially the movements of Napoleon and the armies of Europe; third, the little attention apparently to the home news of the war that our country was engaged in with the mother country. The compiler had traveled along m this old file carefully, page by page and column by column, but he found no announcement of the end of the war and the happy return of peace to America. This great fact, however, does finally appear in type, but only as an inference in this way : "July 4th, 1815. the national day celebrated at Haslet's Tavern.'" An oration was delivered by E. Baldwin, and the paper published it in full; there was feasting, parades, music and regular toasts, and one of these patriotic ebullitions reads as follows: "The late war — the best diplomatic remonstrance of an injured people, made from the mouths of cannon." Mr. Baldwin in his oration refers to the late war and its end b}^ simply saying that " but lately at New Orleans did we cease, at the mouth of the cannon, to give lessons of instruction, lasting lessons to all Europe, the moral of which was, eultivate our friendship) in peace, hut dread our jjower in war.^^ This is all very curious now to news- ])aper readers. It was as th.ough the Bradford county papers hail passed over in silence the surrender of Lee and the end of tlie War of the Rebellion. As a chapter in the history of our local newspapei's. if nothing more, it is real historv. The editors of tliose times were feeling for and supplying the public demands much as the editors of to-day are doing. It is reallv very remarkable. In this issue apjiears a wedding notice: Samuel Landrus to Miss Mercy Smith, by Burr Eidgw\ay; followed by the announcement of the death of Anna Taylor, consort of Aziel Taylor, of Canton, June 24. The funeral sermon was ])reached by Elder N. H. Ripley. S. T. Barstow " offers for sale at his residence at Fenceler Castle (Wysox) a very handsome assortment of goods." We learn that Samuel Griffin had been to the Fourth of July celebration, and that he lost or was robbed of his pocket-book, "containing $5 in cash, an order on Isaac Chapol, supervisor of Canton township, a note against Ezra Bradley, a recei])t from Garrick Mallerv, '^ - two certificates for wolf scalps, a county order in the name of Daniel Stone, another in the name of Daniel In- gram, one in fayor of Hugh Ilolcomb and one to Julius Tozer." Then Harry Morgan, J. P., publishes a legal notice of an attachment in favor of Theron Darling and Robert Sutton. The next is a publication, by Polly Tuttle against Henry Tuttle, of a proceeding for divorce. The Republicans of Burlington township held a meeting at the house of Maj. Ebenezer Kendall, Capt. Ballard, chairman, and John Dobbins secretary, and unanimously resolved to su]i]iort Col. Samuel McKean for the Legislature. Married in Wysox, by Harry Morgan, Esq., William Hart and Mary Stro))e. Amasa Withey gives notice of divorce jiro- ceedings against Lucy Withey. Same notice, Lydia P. Smith against Samuel Smith. Joim Norris, clerk Orphans' Court of Tioga county, gives notice of land sale, to settle estate. Sheriff Rockwell gives notice to the children and representatives of Stephen Latimer, late of 172 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Canton, of a petition for partition of real estate. Columbia township Republicans held a meeting at the house of Capt. David Watson; Sam- uel Strait, chairman, and David R. Haswell, secretary, and rec- ommended Samuel McKean for the Legislature, and pledge each to stand by the nominees of their party. Burr Ridgway, A. P. M., pub- lishes another letter-list : Sarah Alger, Jonathan Beebe, Churchill Barnes, David Carter, Moses Carter, David Campbell, William Gough, Richard Gough, William Means, Levi Preston, Jonathan Scott, Elias Vaughan, Abel Wheeler, Amasa Withey. August 8th, the "Free Republican Electors" are called to meet in Towanda, Saturday 19th, at Haslet's Inn, to choose delegates to the count}^ meeting. The editor has an editorial announcement somewhat as follows: " A number of subscribers to this paper, who have a great affection for Englishmen, request the publication of extracts from well-known English writers." He says he will devote a column to that purpose occasionally. In the same connection he informs his readers that the oration delivered at Smithfield last Fourth of July had been received, and would appear next week. A Federal-Republican meeting of Wysox and Towanda w^as held at the house of Col. Harry Spalding, August 10, 1815 ; Ebenezer B. Gregory, chairman, and Hiram Mix, secretary. A committee was appointed to call a delegate meeting of the townships, at the house of Col. Harry Spalding, to select candidates, etc. Following constituted the committee: Wysox, Col. William Allen, Ralph Martin; Wyalus- ing, Justus Gaylord, Justus Lewis : Pike, Salmon Bosworth, Allen Stevens ; Warren, Andrew Coburn, Amos Coburn ; Windham, Levi Brainard, Daniel Hill; Orwell, Col. Theron Darling, Asahel Johnson; Ulster, Ebenezer Shaw, Jared Holcomb; Athens, John F. Satterlee, Dr. Thomas Huston; Wells, Capt. Vine Baldwin; Springfield, Samuel Campbell, John Harkness ; Smithfield, Capt. Solomon Morse, Samuel Kellogg; Burlington, Nathaniel Allen, Capt. Ezra Long; Can- ton, Daniel Ingram, Horace Spalding; Towanda, Abner C. Rockwell, Jesse Woodruff. AbquX the same time a meeting was held at the house of John M. Hicks, Wysox, George Hicks, chairman, and John M. Hicks, secretary, and it was unanimously resolved to recommend Col. William Allen as a suitable candidate for sheriff. The paper of August 22, 1815, has a notice signed by Joseph Kingsbury, W. M., and Thomas Huston, secretary of t^e Athens Lodge of Mascms, informing the world that the lodge liad expelled Dr. David Sherwood Rice "for crimes of the darkest hue," and requesting printers friendly to Masons, throughout the United States, to insert the notice. Polly Grant, executrix, gives notice of the estate of Gyp Grant, of Wysox. Charles F. Welles, protlionotary, gives notice to witnesses and jurymen of their discharge from attendance upon the next court "on account of an error in the venires.''^ S. T. Barstow lias a new advertisement, stating that he has received a very general assortment of goods at his "store, Fenceler Castle," Wysox; among other things, " nails of different sizes ; " all is offered for sale for cash, grain or lumber. As an instance of how things were done at that t'ime, appears a notice addressed: "To the officers of the army and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 173 navy of the United States; the executives of the different States and all citizens,'" and signed by "A citizen of Hanover county, Va.,'" in which he states he is collecting the materials to write a history of the War of 1812 with the causes that led to it; he solicits everyone hav- ing documents, orders or papers throwing light on the subject to for- ward them, not by mail, as that would incur too much expense, but by Senators and Congressmen traveling to Washington City. lie expected to complete the first volume by ISIH. and concludes with a request to all Republican papers to copy, and he will give in return a copy of the book. September 12, 1815, both the political parties held conventions and nominated candidates. The Republican (Democratic) convention met at To wan da ; Gurdon Hewitt, chairman, and Henry Welles, secretary, and made the following ticket : For senator, Henry AVelles; assembly- man, Samuel M'Kean; sheriff, Julius Tozer ; commissioners, John Ilollenbeck and Samuel Satterlee; coroner, Reuben Wilber; auditor, (lurdon Hewitt. Following this was a card from Eliphalet Mason to the public, in which he stated that he had been strongly solicited to be a candidate for sheriff. He says ; " As it was not m}^ fortune to be ])laced on the ticket, my friends will show their best respects to me by supporting the ticket nominated." The Federal-Republicans made the following nominations : Senator, .lohn Franklin ; assemblyman, Joseph Kingsbury; coroner, Ebenezer E. Gregory; sheriff, John Spalding, 2nd.; commissioners, Salmon Bosworth, JSTathaniel Allen ; auditor, Theron Darling. The next day it seems there was a meeting, at the house of Andrew Haslett. Towanda, "of a number of respectable inhabitants of the townships of Canton, Burlington, Ulster, Wysox and Towanda, for the ])urpose of nominating the sev^eral persons to fill the different offices." The meeting put in nomination : For representative, Samuel M'Kean ; for representative for Bradford and Tioga counties, William Allen ; sheriff, John Mints; commissioners, Charles Brown and Jonathan Stevens; coroner, Reuben Hall; auditor, John Hancock. Of this meeting Charles Brown was chairman, and Thomas H. White, secre- tary. There is nothing to indicate the complexion of the politics of this meeting. They, it seems, were content to simply sa}^ they were '' respectable citizens," and endorsed M'Kean, and took other men for the remainder of the ticket. They might possibly be called "Inde- pendents " — or " Kickers," but they are not. Died, at Canton, at the house of her son-in-law, Jesse Morse, Widow Susannah Stone, "a few years since from Sturbridge, Conn.," aged 8G. Uriel Woodruff, Towanda. gives notice that a yoke of oxen had "broke into his enclosure;" Ezra Long, Burlington, offers for sale "the stand formerly occupied by Jeremiad Decker, on Sugar creek, near Rich's Mills, as a store— four acres of land, dwelling house and barn;" Ed- ward Herrick, inspector, enrolled militia. Fifteenth Regiment, Second Brigade, Ninth Division, P. M., called a meeting of the members of that command, at the house of William Myers, Wysox, for the ]nn'- pose of electing a major ; Col. Samuel M'Kean gives notice to the Twenty-first Regiment to meet at the house of Capt. James Gray, 174 ITISTOUY OF BHADrOHD ( OUNTY. Tioga, for three days drill and discipline; Harry Spalding gives "the last notice but one '' to delinquents; Moses B. Canfield gives notice that his wife Deborah had left his bed and board; William Allen, Wysox, wants two journeyman boot and shoe makers. The paper of October 2d following, however, is for the first time full of political life. It opens with a long " address to the Democratic Republicans of Bradford county.-' Which proceeds to counsel standing- together, and every member to vote the whole ticket from top to bot- tom. This is followed by a "communication,*' which the editor says was received "too late for last week's paper." This communication proceeds to explain all about the third convention "of respectable citizens" mentioned above. It opens by warning the electors of Brad- ford county against " a certain third or Merino Ticket, made up by a few disappointed persons of both parties," and proceeds to score the whole outfit. The writer grows fierce as he proceeds, and winds up with the following outburst: "It is shameful^ it is infamous !^^ Thomas Overton, of Ulster, gives notice that he has placed all notes and accounts in the hands of Thomas H. White for collection. The editor indulges in an article. It must have been something extra- ordinary to cause him to break the record. He prints, modestly, in a corner of his paper a parable, and tells how once upon a time "a gang of knaves, swindlers and horse-jockeys assembled at their rendezvous, the residence of one of the crew. * * A violent dispute arose as to who had the most honesty. After much wrano-lino- one of them became a candidate for the title of honest man,-- etc., etc. The writer says the application can be made to " a similar gang of the present day," and "the gang must not think themselves the whole world." The Gazette now is getting lo be quite lively. William Keeler, of Wysox, has a new advertisement of his store "a few doors below Fenceler Castle, and on the south of Pond Lane, and west side of S(juabble-Hill street, where I have just received, by the fast sailing boat, liose-in-Bloom, Capt. Griffin, in a short piissage of seven days from Wilkes-Barre, a big assortment,'' etc. These things fill the first page of the paper, and it must have disconcerted the weekly patrons when they looked for the regular "foreign news," always from two to three months old, and found fresh home affairs so extensively discussed. The average newspaper r-eader always prefers to read his own paper — one in which he knows just where to look for things. Looking further, it is apparent the editor is getting rather reckless. For instance : " The Gazette in future will be issued on Mon- day evening." Then the following: " The news from the westward is such that it appears an Indian war is inevitable." We can now. after seventy-five years have come and gone, and all these men of affairs at that time are now in the "silent city," hardly realize what a senation this issue of the paper caused the whole county. The sober- est sires, no doubt, read their paper, went to bed and dreamed dreams of Indian wars, bolting tickets and an advance one day forward in the week of the next paper. Think, even now, of that dreadful Merino Ticket, that a writer had said of the whole proceeding that it was " a shame, it was infamous'^ The war was all over, and now came ai^^^C4^^u.<^ HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 177 stirring times to old Bradford county. The two regular tickets are published each week in the paper, and there is not a word of comment as to either. This certainly will enable the editor to say, after the election is over, •' nothing unpleasant was said by either of the other." It was the " bolter, " or what we now sometimes call the " third party, feller," the " kicker," etc., that called forth the wrath and indignation of the editor. It is a fine specimen of the old-time political ethics. In the next paper appears an editorial in which it is stated that Mr. M'Meens has declined being considered a candidate for Senator, and determined to throw his support to Gen. Welles, " as a measure most conducive to the success of the Repubhcan cause." This left the contest between Welles and Mr. Stewart, and of the latter the paper proceeds to say he is "one whom every sense of propriety would prompt the exclusion, being a man of neither political party, and equally to be shunned bv both." Burr Ridgway publishes another " list of letters" in the Towanda postoffice, although the paper is still dated Monmouth. This list is curious because it designates the places in the county where the parties reside, and where there were not postoffices, as fol- lows : Burlington, Canton, Columbia, Orwell, Pike, Smithfield, Sugar Creek and Ulster. A notice is given to the enrolled militia by Lemuel Streator, major. John £. Kent, it seems, was then in business in Towanda, and he gives notice to delinquent debtors. The paper of October 16, 1815, publishes the election returns for Bradford county. A footnote says, "have not received correct returns for Representative from Tioga county, but believe Samuel Mclvean to have a majority of about 115. Those elected in the county are sheriff, John Spalding, 2d, majority 22; coroner, Reuben Wilber, majority 113 ; commissioners, Solomon Bos worth, three years, and Nathaniel Allen, two yeaus ; auditor, Ethan Baldwin, majority 33. Then this explanatory paragraph is given : " It appears b}^ the above that, had it not been for the reduction which they suffered by the 'Merino Ticket,' the Democratic Republicans would Lave carried every candidate by consitlerable majority." The highest total vote polled was a representative, 891 in the county, Gregory leading McKean three votes, but as Tioga county was in the district that elected McKean. The vote on senator by townships was as follows: Ulster, and Athens township— AVelles. li2, Stewart, 79 ; Cliffsburg— Welles, 104, Stewart, 11; Burlington— Welles, 46, Stewart, 20; Canton- Welles, 36, Stewart, 31 ; Towanda— Welles, Q9, Stewart, 39 ; Wysox— Welles, 27. Stewart, 69; Orwell— Welles, 60, Stewart, 7; Pike- Welles, 38, Stewart, 10; Wyalusing— Welles, 80. Total, Welles, 572, Stewart, 266. This vote would indicate a population of about 4,400. It may be proper to explain at this point that, when the returns from Tioga county were in, Welles' majority in that county was 588, The total vote of Tioga county was: Welles,'2,231 ; Stewart, 1,643. Aaron Chubbuck, of Orwell, indulges in a somewhat facetious notice of his new goods, wagons, etc.: "Just received from old Connecticut, by the fast running carriage (wagon), and for sale at my house in Orwell, about seven miles north of Squabble Hill street, a handsome assortment of cotton goods, etc." 10 178 UISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. The GazetU of October 30, 1815, has the first, second and third pages tilled almost exclusively with news of the surrender of ISTapoleon and his banishment to St. Helena. The editor deems this so important that he indulges in another editorial calling attention to it. It is plainly evident that American sympathy all runs to Napoleon. This was the great plebian, and the allies were the born emperors and inheritors of the divine right to rule and oppress. Then, too, that most thoroughly hated England was one of the chief forces of the allied nations. The question had in some way shaped itself that the universal coalition of the crown heads of Europe were against Napoleon, in order to main- tain the legitimacy of lyrinces. This issue of the Gazette, if reprinted, in the hands of a skillful teacher would bring to the pupils many valu- able hints concerning one of the greatest events of European history. Legitimacy in all the ro3'al families despised Napoleon ; he was a bold and rash intruder who came of the common herd, and they combined to crush him. Napoleon was a Democrat-king, but was no more a Republican or Democrat than were those of the oldest strain or the most regal houses. He not only had himself crowned emperor, but conferred crowns and dynasties on his family and friends. To marry one of his sisters was the eas}^ road to a crown. He was a soldier- usurper, and would inflict upon the world his iron despotism, even to the sacrifice of his Josephine. His boundless ambition was checked by no shadow of a scruple — worse, because of his genius, than the enfee- bled legitimates in the royal nurseries. His military genius flamed across the sky in blinding splendor; he had destroved more men on the battle-field than had any man in all histoiT, and was the teacher of his race in the arts of modern wai'fare, and was the dangerous enemy of his people, because a man to him was nothing but a soldier, and he Avas the friend of royalty — a moral outlaw, supreme in the yenius of war. If he was of any permanent good to his fellow-man, it was not intentional on his part. He ruthlessly struck down royalty, and trampled upon the nation's idols. With equal contempt he spat upon the world's ignorant and deep-seated superstitions, but was careful in all cases, when he toppled either, to replace it with ])erhaps a far worse one. If consistent in anything, it was onlv one thing— his boundless and overwhelming ambition ; to this there was nothing that he was not eager to sacrifice. The Americans of that time saw only the Corsican contending single- handed in a death-struo^o^le against the combined crowned heads of the Old World, and their deepest sympathies went out to the man who had risen from their own ranks. Soon a hundred years will have come and gone since his day and time. The partakers of the tremendous events of which he was the central figure have all joined the great majority and are with the silent multitude. We may now soon pause and properly estimate the advantages or the disadvantages to the race of the life and career of this man. The philosophy of his life, the permanent good or evil it left in tlie effects tiiat have come, intentional or incidental, are all questions for the true historian to hunt out and give to the world. Extravagant eulogy or unreasoning condemnation HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 179 have now had their day so far as the history of Napoleon is concerned. The philosophy of history should now give us its true lesson. When Napoleon was sent to St. Helena there w^as but one thing that was most painfully apparent. The immediate outcome of this ambitious, turbulent man's career was that sunny, beautiful France was in the very dust, and the people were menaced with annihilation or the most degraded slavery and suffering. The French have been designated the " volcanic people." They have called down upon their own heads unparalleled calamities ; single-handed, in war or in peace, for many centuries they had no equal ; in literature, science, law, war, finance, polite culture and luxurious wealth, France was for centuries the central figure in the world's greatest eras. She has been overrun and despoiled by foreign enemies more than has any other people. Her invaders have despoiled her territory and levied tribute without limit, and when Napoleon became a prisoner the allies proclaimed that ''Europe can never be safe while one particle of freedom is left in France; while anything but misery and slavery are left in tliat populous and extensive country." This sentiment should have shocked all manivind ; it was not only barbarous, but was brutal in the extreme. Infernal as it was, it came of a healthy fear that the French people would again rally and endanger the crowns of the other nations. The people of other nations had little to fear from France, it was simply the crowned heads. This was the shocking conditions of Europe less than a century ago, within the memory of many now living. To the good people of J3radford county, it is evident from the files of the GazeUe Napoleon was France. Americans were not then so close to the idea that the people are everything, the rulers nothing, as we are now; they had far more faith in the idea that "there is a divinity that (loth hedge about a King" than are now entertained; in that day more than now there was a blind worship of rulers, and government paternalism was but little questioned. Our fathers were too fresh from the thrall of the King's yoke to realize as fully as we can that a ruler is human and full of frailty; that none are either all-wise or perfect, and that many are so far from being wise that they are vile and utterly bad through and through. The progress of this idea, that the people are always wiser and better than the ruler or rulers, has made the slowest ])rogress in the world ; yet, when we compare centuries, then it can be seen that it is progressive. Teach your children, that they may teach their children, to s])eed the day when this idea of freedom will be a practical reality to all men, the humblest equally with the highest. November 0, 1815, Joseph D. Woodworth, of Athens, announces that he has opened an "axe factory" at the shop of John Redington, " where people wishing can be furnished with axes equal, if not superior, to any of the Hyde stamp, as the subscriber got his informa- tion from Mr. Hyde." In the next week's issue the |)aper opens with a four-column extract from CorheWs Register^ concerning the a.ctions, doings and sayings of the Hartford Conrenthm. The article attacks the Federal- ists, that is, some of the leaders, with much intensity of feeling. He 180 IirSTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. refers to a paper then published called " The Times,'''' and explains that a quotation is taken from that paper, published immediately after the adjournment of the Plartford Convention, and among other things is the following : " What ! " said the Times newspaper, " is THAT ALL ! We expected a division of the Union to he declared at once, or at least the impeachment of Madison and his associates." The Gazette coniexvX^ itself with the extract, and does not indulge in a word of editorial, either about politics or anything else. But, after all, the issue is an instructive lesson for our young men who are on the threshhold of their political lives. The next week's issue, following, is also suggestive of some of the ideas of that time on political economy. The paper opens on the first page with a long extract from the N'eio Yoi^h National Advocate, under the caption of " Specie." It proceeds to tell how a million dollars had just been sent from New York, and it is darkly hinted that it is to go to Canada. The writer says it was shipped by * * and '^ [he puts the names thus, he says, because, not having complete personal knowledge, he declines the risk of becoming responsible for the ])ublication of names], and then he proceeds to say that it is surmised that this money is to be used " for the purpose of building fortifications on Lake Champlain, and building men-of-war on Lake Ontario. * * The sum wanted for Canada, for which sterling bills on London have been sold, is perhaps but a part ; three or four millions more may yet remain to be purchased. Guard well your hard dollars — watch the enemy, and hetvare of the ford, fiend!'''' This was a serious matter, evidently, at that time. Our fathers then, like all the world, supposed it a most vital matter of government to watch the going and coming of '' your hard dollars." But little more than a century ago, a nation thought it quite the proper thing to declare war against its neighbor in order to bring back the gold of the country; the government thought it w^as responsible for keeping '' the hard dollars " in its own country. All w^ealth was the miser's idea of " the hard dollars." The}' could not understand that money is not wealth ; that it is but a measure of wealth, that there is no more wealth in the coin itself than in the yard sticks or the surveyors chains. The yard stick neither adds to nor takes from the value of the cloth ; no more does the surveyor's chain add to the acres of land it measures off. This instance of alarm of our fathers is a double lesson to us: first, it is plain that they were mistaken as to the purview of government ; second, that the going and coming of money among peoples is simply like that of water flowing down hill, or the wind blowing always toward the point of least obstruction, or the vacuum. - * Then follows another extract quite as interesting : " We have been put in possession of a copy of the petition of the cotton manufacturers of Providence to Congress, for the prohibition, by law, of the importation of all cotton goods (nankeens;, excepted), the product of places beyond the Cape of Good Hope, and for additional duties on other coarse cottons. They state that in a circle of thirty miles from Providence, there are no less than one hundred and forty manufactories, containing 130,000 spindles ; that the}^ consume 29,000 bales of cotton annually, HISTORY OF P.RADFORD COUNTY. 181 which produce 27,840,000 yards of cloth. * * The persqns em- ployed, are compted at 26,000.'' The intelligent student of American political history can perhaps trace the footsteps of that petition of the good people of Providence, in 1815, to the celebrated McKinley tarift' bill of 1890 — seventy-five years intervenmg — and yet the little leaven leavened the whole lump, and after all this time it is a problem as to whether the tjuestion is approaching final settlement or receding from it. The issue of November 27, 1815, gives an account of a dreadful accident at Towanda, which occurred on Saturday at the ferry. Mrs. Minthorne, wife of Walter S. Minthorne, and two of her children, aged one and two years, were drowned while crossing in the ferry boat. The boat sprung a leak and quickly sunk. Mr. Minthorne and three passen- gers, it is said, escaped — one carried ashore by a horse and cart, another on a horse, and another by having a paddle that enabled him to reach the shore. The woman and one of the children were soon recovered, but the other child was not found till the next morning. This paper also announces the marriage of William Means, Jr., with Miss Eunice Hewitt, by Burr Ridgway. It also gives the "state of parties in the Pennsylvania Legislature, as follows : Senate— Republicans, 20 ; Feder- alists, 11 ; Representatives— Republicans, 74; Federalists, 23 (one seat in dispute)." The w^eek following, it gives an account of a fatal accident, causing the death of Benjamin Martin, of Wysox. He had fallen from his horse, and after lingering 21 hours, died. He left a widow and four small children. . . . William Means, treasurer, gives notice to delin- quent collectors. Walter Wheeler publishes the " Third and Last iJaW' to all those wiio are in debt for blacksmithing. He says, "all work and no pay makes the purse light and empties the meal barrel." The rhythm is lost, but the truth is strictly preserved. December 25 (Christmas), 1815, the paper opens with the message of Gov^. Simon Snyder to the Legislature — filling seven columns. This is followed by part first ("continued next week") of the Presi- dent's message. Both announce an " honorable peace w-ith England." [Peace was concluded in February precetling.] The Governor gives a brief resume of affairs in France, from the triumphant return of Napoleon from Elba, and then the invasion, and the overthrow of this remarkable man by the allied powers, and pictures the horror and sufferings of France, and gives expression to the profoundest sympa- thies for the people of that country. He attributes much of its calami- ties to the division among her people, and from this draws a lesson for Americans. "Shall those awful dispensations of Providence pass before us without our being deeply impressed with the baleful conse- quences of being a divided people? We must unite upon national grounds — we must cherish a national spirit and become a united peo- ple, or the day may come when we, like the people of France, in sack- cloth and ashes, may weep over the ruins of our unhappy and dismem- bered country. * * * Let us be wise, and profit by the experi- ence of ages." This was very timely and good doctrine from the wise and good Governor of the State. It was pregnant with the 182 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. broadest statesmanship, and the Gazette did well in publishing it, laying it before the Bradford county readers in significant contrast with the Times newspaper's discordant utterings about the Hartford Convention. . . . The same paper has a proclamation signed by John B.Gibson, President Judge, addressed to the public, reciting that Joseph Tyler, of Athens township, had made complaint to tiie court that he had been disturbed in the lawful enjoyment of his estate, etc.; and commanding all trespassers to desist untler pain of severe punish- ment from the court. ... In the next column is a remarkable editorial in large job type, and is under the head : ''Projyerty — two thousand six hundred and twenty-nine bales of cotton, says the Savannah] Bepvhlican, arrived by water yesterday from Augusta, the value of which, allowing 26^ cents a pound (current price to-day) and 270 pounds to the bale, amounts to $188,lo4:.95." Then, in brackets, '' [Imported into England this cotton would contrib- ute to the English revenue 8s. per 100 lbs., or 2501. 12s. — While the nation, that ])roduced it would not profit one cent.'] " The paper of January 1, 1810, has this very interesting scrap of history, which parties contemplating a visit to Washington City soon would do well to copy and take along, and b}^ reading it on the spot and examining our capitol, it would give one a bird's-eye view of the growth of America since that time: " The house on Capitol Hill, commonly called the New Capitol, which was built by a company for the use of Congress, if the honorable body should think proper to accept it, until the capitol is finished (and it appears they have) stands at the corner of First street and Maryland avenue. The chamber for the Senate is on the first floor; it is fifteen feet high, twenty-five feet six inches wide, and forty-five feet long. A gallery is attached to this chamber which takes up no room. On the second floor is the chamber intended for the House of Representatives; it is seventy-seven feet long, forty- five feet wide and twenty feet high, and also has a galleiy. '^ * * The spot on which this spacious building stands Avas a cabbage garden on the morning of the 4th of July — in the afternoon of that day the digging was commenced. At that time the stone employed in the structure was not quarried ; the clay of which the bricks are made was in its native state, and all the principal timbers were then standing in the woods." . . . Then is found a communication addressed " To Mr. Printer, " and signed " T." It fills about half a column, and purports to be from some man who was "passing through your vil- lage, traveling for amusement," and in tiie bar-room of the hotel heard the natives talking over affairs, particularly some " strange animals that had recently made their appearance in the county." These old fellows were " laying bates" to catch some of these animals, if possible. The traveler gathered something like the following description of these "animals," mentioned as "being either from Ireland or Irish extract, some Dutch and some mongrel. * * * Some of them had no mouth, and some were all mouth, some without a head, and others were all head, and what is most remarkable they are said to have the power of eraiting something having the appearance of jxi/per cur- rency., 'tis said they burrough in the ground or live in the cliffs of HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 183 rocks." Was this sarcasm ? . . . The announcement is made that the Governor has appointed Lemuel Streator Justice of the Peace for the district of Orwell. . . . Burr Eidgway opens the new year Avith another "letter-list'' in which are named six parties inTowanda, two in Canton, one in Windham, one in Sugar creek, one in Smithtield, and one in Bradford county, to whom letters are addressed. . . . Darius Bullock, of Smithffeld, administrator of Nehemiah Tracy, gives notice concerning the estate. The issue of January 15, 1816, has this one editorial : " No mail was received from the southward last week, in consequence of which it is out of our ]jower to present to the readers of the Gazette any of the recent proceedings of Congress or the State Legislature." Simon Kinney, treasurer, gives notice to those collectors who have not settled up their duplicates, etc. . . Paul Beck, Jr., E. A. Cald- cleuh and William Poyntell, executors of the estate of William Poyn- tell, deceased, of Philadelphia, give notice. . . Jacob Bowman advertises about a "red heifer." . . Burr Eidgway, Nathaniel Allen, Salmon Bosworth, commissioners, give notice of "days of appeal:" In Ulster, at the house of Obadiah Gore ; Athens, at the house of D'Alanson Saltmarsh ; Smithtield, at the house of James Gerould ; Springfield, at the house of Samuel Campbell; Wells, at the house of Yine Baldwin; Columbia, at the house of Charles Taylor; Burling- ton, at the house of Ebenezer Kendall; Canton, at "the house of Benjamin Stone; Wyalusing. at Justus Gaylord's; Pike, at Josiah Bos- worth's ; Warren, at James Brown's; Windham, at Jeptha Brainard's; Orwell, at Lemuel Streator's ; Wysox, at William Myers' ; Asylum, at I>artholomew Laporte's. . . Thomas B. Beebe & Co., of Orwell, advertise saddles and bridles for sale. . . . S. & B. McKean, of Burlington, give notice to pay up. . . So does Augustus Pearce, of Wysox. . . John Sjialding 2d, has a proclamation as sheriff, calling a session of the court, that of course winds up with " God mm the Commonwealtli . ' ' The next issue of the paper gives notice that Simon Kinney has been appointed treasurer by the commissioners. . . Col. Harry Spalding gives notice of a contested election in the seventh company, militia, concerning the election of Samuel Gilbert, as captain. . " . Ehoda Saltmarsh, administrator, gives notice concerning the estate of John Saltmarsh, deceased, of Athens. . . Darius Bullock gives notice concerning estate of Stephen Titus. . . The collector of revenue, of the Twentieth District, gives notice that he will attend at the prothonotary's office, Towanda, for the purpose of "receiving the entry of carriages, etc., agreeably to an act of Congress." One of the political questions of that day was gold and silver vs. paper currency. In time, Benton was called " Old Bullion," and men talked about "Mint Droj^s," meaning the hard money that came from the Mint. This will explain a notice in the Gazette at this time, taken from the United States Gazette, commencing, " Tivo Whole Families Zostf— Mr. Eagle and Mr. Dollar, who, a few years ago, were much seen in the United States, supposed to be native Americans. A generous rew^ard is offered, payable at Treasury Department, Wash- 184 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ington, or at any of the Forty Banks," etc. More sarcasm, it is supposed. Tliis, too, sounds a little like the modern political discussion in the papers about demonetizing silver. After the issue of Februar}^ 12, 1816, there is no other paper until March 4, following. In fact there were frequent irregularities in getting out the weekly issues about this time. The explanation of this is made in the paper of the latter date ; " owing to the young man tliat I had in the office having left me very unexpectedly, at a time when it was necessary I should be absent from home, I have not been able to issue the paper regularly." The editor dates this paper, " Wilhamston," liaving now dropped "Monmouth." . . . Then follows an extract referring to Virginia's House of Delegates formu- lating a plan to establish free schools in that State, and punches up the Pennsylvania Assembly for its neglect on this subject. The issue of March 4, 1816, is an unusually lively one. It has an editorial, a very short one, some catching communications, as well as interesting advertisements. For instance: " Nuj^tials — The affluent leap year Vincent quick without tears." Then follows the announcement of the marriage at Asylum, by Charles Brown, of James P. Quick to the accomplished Miss Maria Vincent. . . . And then is given the marriage at Warren, by Burr Ridgway, of Arunah Case and Mrs. Sally Wate. . . . The Balti- more Gazette addresses Col. Samuel Satterlee, through its col- umns, which is copied in the Gazette of Towanda, a communica- tion containing some curious subjects. It opens with the sentence that when great men die much is said about it; in Virginia they are talking of building a Pyramid., but the writer suggests these are of no use since the arts and sciences have been cultivated. He then proceeds to inform Col. Satterlee that many of the Virginia revolution- ary volunteers could not read nor write, and concludes that he wants the Colonel to give him information " of the exact number of Republi- cans and their names our [the] county lost in the various battles and skirmishes in which the brave army of the North were engaged." An article is copied from a Washington paper which contains the information that the Legislature of Virginia had proposed to request permission to remove the remains of Gen. Washington to Richmond, and the State, by private subscription, would erect a suitable monu- ment. ... "a three-line item announces that " we learn that postage on letters and newspapers will be reduced to the old standard, from and after the 31st. . . . Adam Conly addresses all printers in the United States, making anxious inquiries for Joseph Conly, a young man two years since departed from this place" (Towanda). " He had some knowledge of the printing business. Theparentsof the aforesaid Joseph have a keen sensation for their son." Then any person having any knowledge of the youth is implored to furnish it to the afflicted family. Andrew Irwin, of Towanda, advertises for an ap])rentice " to the tanning and currying business." . . . Billings Clerk notifies the world that " my wife, Charlotte, without any provocation," has left the ranch. Alphonso C. Stuart has a notice that the accounts of Andrew niSTOKY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 187 Haslett are in his hands for collection, . . August Fearce, of Wysox, has a like n.otice to all persons indebted to him. . . . Then follows a statement of the balances due from collectors, January 1, 1815, of the different townships in the county. The list of collectors is given as follows: Wyalusing, Simeon Marsh, Uriah Terry, John Ilollenback; Pike, Josiah Bosworth, Salmon Bradshaw ; Orwell, Orcut Grant, Lemuel Streator; Wysox, Hiram Mix, W. F. Dinninger ; Ulster, George Kinney, Samuel Marshall, Elisha Satterlee; Athens, John Spalding (2d), Stephen Hopkins, Conklin Baker; Smithfleld, James GeroukI, Darius Bullock; Burlington, Nathaniel Ballard, James Col- kins ; Canton, Isaac Wooster, Samuel Griffin, William Means; To- wanda, John Mints, Jacob Bowman ; Warren, Farley Coburn, James Bower; Windham, Darius Brainard, Levi Brainard ; Columbia, Rufus Fratt, Samuel Ballard ; Murrayslield, Joseph Grace ; Springfield, John Barber; Wells, Jonathan Kent, Joseph Parker. [It should be stated that these included those collectors who owed a balance for either of the years 1813- 14-15. — Ed.] There is an extract from a New ^ ork paper, stating that the Legislature of that State had incor- porated a company ''to open water communication between Seneca lake and the Chemung brancii of the Susquehanna river by means of a canal." The article is headed, "Seneca and Susquehanna lock navigation." Thus opening " water communication from Lake Ontario to the Chesapeake, through the heart of Pennsylvania." This must have been a stupendous piece of news to the good people of Bradford, but the editor is content to make the simple extract from his exchange without a display headJine or a word of comment. In the news coming from Ilarrisburg is given an account of the proceedings in reference to the building of the Susquehanna and Tioga turnpike road. This was merely a petition to incorporate the com- pany, and asking the State to subscribe for $10,000 of the stock thereof. In the Legislature one very important move was made by Mr. McKean of Bradford county. The resolution recited that "great inconveniences has [have] arisen in consequence of individuals holding large tracts of unimproved lands within this commonwealth, and the titles thereto been kept so secret as to render it very difficult to ascer- tain correctly what lands were vacant or what were not." It proceeded to recite that in many cases people were deceived into making valu- able improvements on such lands, supposing they were public lands, etc. It concluded with a resolve asking that a committee be appointed to investigate and ascertain to what indemnification such people were entitled. . . . Another act introduced was " to authorize the Gov- ernor to incorporate a company for making an artificial road from Henry Hews', in Lycoming county, to Aaron Bloss\ in the county of Tioga." . . . From Washington there is a report that " the ques- tion is at length settled in the popular branch of the National Legisla- ture that the Direct Tax shall be continued for one year at least; at the end of which time the question will again return to them." This paper concludes on the fourth page with some interesting items from unhappy and dismembered France. Among others is a letter from Murat to his wife and children on the dav he was executed 188 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. It is dated Fizzo, October 15, 1815. This is followed by along letter from Marshal Moncey to Louis XVIII. , pleading eloquently for a court- martial to try Ney, and not simply to execute him without trial, at the request of the allies. Moncey wrote in the face of danger of death that his act might bring himself, but he spoke bravely, and concludes with the statement that if his plea for justice to a great soldier brings disgrace and death upon himself, he will go to his grave content, and he says to his King : " I may say, sire, with one of your ancestors — 'all is lost, except honorr'' The next issue of the paper has a communication from a "New England " correspondent addressed to a Boston paper, in w^hich the writer calls upon the Congressional caucus of the Republicans to put in nomination James Monroe for President, and Simon Snyder for Vice-president. The issue of March 25th following has the first and second pages filled with news from France. The opening article is a communica- tion from a Bradfordite of five and a quarter columns, signed "B * *,,n" [Who could the writer have been? — Ed.], devoted entirely to the execution of Marshal Ney. The writer calls it " Ney's solilo- quy before death, with his farewell to his family." This is followed by five more columns all about the doings of the allies in France. Then is given the new postage law passed by Congress, February 1, 1816 : Single letters composed of one piece of paper, not exceeding 40 miles, 8 cents; over 90 miles, 10 cents; over 150 miles, 12^ cents ; over 300 miles, 20 cents ; over 500 miles, 25 cents. Double letters, that is, two sheets, double rates. . . . Elias ISTeedham, Jr., of Smithfield, offers his farm of Y8 acres of valuable lajid for sale; has a good orchard with hewed-log house, etc. It is on the public road from Tioga Point to Tioga river. . . James Arnold, administrator of the estate of William Arnold, deceased, gives notice. . . The editor says: '"Maple sugar wanted." . . A communication saj's that "there are now living in Ulster township, Mr. Eligh Horton, and Jemima, his wife, who have living 12 children, 74 grandchildren, 23 great-grandchildren — total, 109. Mr. and Mrs. Horton are in good health — he takes care of his stock of horses and cattle, breaks his own colts, cuts his own wood ; while Mrs. Horton performs the household duties without assistance. Their eldest child has 9 children and 12 grandchildren. The article is signed "K." . . The death of " Electy " Newell is announced. . . Burr Ridgway and Nathaniel Allen, commissioners,publish their annual financial statement of county affairs. Total expenditures for the county for the year 1815, $7,365.28. March 11. 1816, a meeting was convened m Harrisburg of the members of the Assembly, for the purpose of nominating a ticket of Democratic Republicans of the State as electors in the then approach- ing National election. Two of the candidates chosen were from Brad- ford county, namely : Col. Samuel Satterlee and Charles F. Welles. And a committee of correspondence was chosen, and the members for Bradford were Satterleeand Welles, and also John Hollenback. Instead of this now being done by the members of the Legislature, there is called a State Convention ; delegates are sent from each county, and HTSTORY OF URADFORD COUNTY. 189 this State Convention, after putting electors in the field, sends its dele- gates to the National Convention. Political machinery has grown to be vast, complicated and expensive, and it is not certain that this has materially bettered it. CHAPTER X. PROGRESS IN CIVIL ORGANIZATION. When this was Montgomery County, Connecticut — A Part of the Seventeen Townships — The Two Original Townships Along the River Made Three, Four, Etc. — Bradford County Formed as Ontario County — Changed to Bradford — Its Organization and Civil Progress — Contestants for County Seat — Original Town- ships AND Election Districts — Petitions for New County — To be Called Hiram — Others Wanted it Called Loraine — Nonsense OF Hunting for Indian Names for Places — A Possible Vision, Standing on Table Rock — Amusing Gerrymander — Etc THE careful reader of a preceding chapter, entitled " The Seventeen Townships," will there see that all the proper steps were once taken, to make this part of Pennsylvania, including not only what is now Bradford county, but a large j)ortion of several surrounding coun- ties, a part of the civil government of Connecticut under the name of Wcstiitoreland county. While, in fact, this was a war measure on the part of the Connecticut settlers, in the wars of the " Pennamites and Yankees," precipitated by that trouble and intended mainly to strengthen the cause of the Connecticut claimants to the soil, it would have resulted, had there been no terms of conciliation offered by Penn- sylvania, in making very different history of tliis locality from that w^e are now called u[)on to record. Within what is now Bradford county was originally four town- ships laid oft' and surveyed as Connecticut claims, to wit: Athens, commencing at the north line of the State and extending on both sides of the river to a point below the river junction, nearly an exact square lying due north and south. Ulster joined this on the south, the river running near its center. Claverack was below this, a vacant space between the two, and while nearly square did not run with the cardinal points of the com- pass; it lay slightly to the northeast and southwest. Springfield was below this, a vacant space of nearly ten miles existing; was a square, but this reversed the lay of Claverack, being slightly northwest and southeast. The northwest corner of Wyom- ing county enters just over what was the .south line of this township — a very small point of land. The river ran through all these townships, intended to take in nearly an equal portion of the fertile bottom-lands on each side. 190 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. All the original pioneers followed the Indian idea of securing, as the best farming lands, the valleys along the river. In time the high waters in the river drove many to the hills. There were selected the places for their farms and judged the wealth of the soil by the places where they found the heaviest timber. And now it is easy to tell where were once the heaviest forest growths, by the age of the farm improvements. It was on the streams the savages had burned away the forests, and had their small truck patches. It is difficult now to conceive hosv scant these evidences of civilization were, yet they were the meager footprints to the restless, hardy pioneers that caused Rudolph Fox, the first white settler in what is now Bradford county, to settle in the rich and beautiful valley at the mouth of Towanda creek. The first were along the Susquehanna river of course, and then the hunters would follow up the creeks to their source, that were nature's surveys to guide them back to their cabins after chasing the long day the game in the dark and trackless forests, and in this way soon the lone settlers were building their log huts on the banks of these small streams. In the early occupation of these straggling pioneers, the older settlements along the seashore swarmed something after the fashion of the bee-hive, and men started AVest to settle, live and strug- gle and breed new swarms to '' go West, young man, and grow up with the country." There is no great movement of mankind, there is no peaceful movement with the honest, single purpose of making homes and winning farm lands, that is or may be comparable to that of the landing of the people on our Atlantic shores, and in less than the one hundred years spanning the continent from ocean to ocean with a cordon of civilization tiiat in all that is grand, noble and good may challenge all history. Without finger-boards in the limitless forests, without precepts and examples on civilization's long and often dark and gloomy highway, they came, bankrupt in all save courageous hope; conquerors and conquering, and as picket-guards of the forlorn hope of the human race, lived and died. A great and brave people, unwashed and uncombed, in rawhide moccasins,leather jerkins and coon- skin caps, anti the old match-lock cast iron guns ; in courage grand and in faith sublime, and, with never a quiver of fear, they left their bones to bleach on the hill-sides and in the mountain gorges, or to bear the marks of the sharp teeth of the wild animals that gathered them for their cubs in the caves and rock-ribbed dens. Here may be found the great, real men of modern history — men, the effect of whose lives will live forever, growing, ever growing, broadening and expanding over the whole earth. The student of history may ever turn here for valu- able lessons, and while the true heroes may be nameless and their bones unshriven, their great work remains, the one eternal monument that time can not corrode, the elements dim nor the concensus of human intelligence forget. The "Seventeen Townships" (there were in fact eighteen) contin- ued on down the river to what is now the eastern line of Columbia county, and, wlien their skeleton outlines are drawn on the map, look something like a class' work in geometry on the blackboard. Nearly all of them are pervaded by the river, or have a frontage thereon, but HISTOKY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 191 not every one. The names of the townships somewhat in their order as you proceed south from Bradford county are as follows : Braintram, Putnam, Northumberland, Exeter, Kingstown, Bedford, Providence, Pittstown, Plymouth, Wilkes-Barre, Hanover, Newport, Salem and Huntington. Bucks county was one of the original counties of the province, and all this part of Pennsylvania was a part thereof. Northampton county was formed March 11, 1752, out of part of Bucks county, including all this portion of the State. Northumberland county was formed March 27, 1772, and then this w^as a part of that county's territory. Luzerne county was formed September 25, 1780, when all of the territory of Bradford county was a part thereof. Lycoming county was formed April 13, 1796, and this took a por- tion of what is Bradford county. Bradford county was formed of parts of Luzerne and Lycoming counties, February 21, 1810— named in the act creating \C Ontario county. It seems there were no immediate steps toward its civil organ- ization until the early part of the year 1812. March 24, 1812, by act of the Legislature, the name of the county was changed from Ontario to Bradford — simultaneous with the move- ment to vitalize or perfect the original act creating it. Section 1 of the act of the Legislature of 1810 provides as follows : That the parts of the counties of Luzerne and Lycoming which are included within the following lines, to wit : Beginning at the fortieth mile stone standing on the north line of the State and running south to a point due east of the head of Wyalus- ing falls, in the river Susquehanna: thence soiithw eslerly to the nearest point oi the Lycoming county line : thence in a direct line to the southwest corner of Tioga county, atthe Beaver dam, on Towanda creek ; thence northerly along the east line of Tioga county to the eighteenth mile stone standing on the north line of the State ; thence east along the said line of the State to the fortieth mile-stone, or the place of beginning, be and is hereby erected into a separate county, to be henceforth called Oiitarioco\\\iiy\ And the place of holding courts of justice in and for said county shall l)e fixed by three commissioners to be appointed by the Governor at any place at a distance not exceed- ing seven miles from the center of the county, which may be most convenient and ben- eficial to the same. Section 3 makes the usual provision for the jurisdiction of the courts and provides that, ''until the enumeration of the taxable inhabit- ants thereof, and until it shall be otherwise directed bv law,'' the county was annexed to tiie counties of Luzerne and Lvcoming, and the authority of judges shall extend over and shall operate and be effect- ual, and the electors of said counties shall continue to elect at the same places and with the counties of Luzerne and Lycoming. The Governor was required to appoint three trustees for the new county, who were to receive proposals in writing for the grant or con- veyance of any land for fixing the i)lace of holding courts. The trustees were to report the offers they might receive to the commission- ers from time to time, and it was the\luty of the latter to fix the place. The name Bradford was in honor of"" William Jh-adford, Jr., who was attorney -general of Pennsylvania, commissioned, the first in that office, June 9, 1791. The change of name was more of a concession on tiie part of the Connecticut settlers, who, however, it seems, were well j)leased with tiie fair treatment they believed they had received from 192 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Attorney-General Bradford. This man was iu a position where he could have struck severe blo^vs had his nature been overbearing or tyrannical towards the claimants, or in the settlement of disputes in the seventeen townships. He was afterward Attorney-General of the United States. Returning a little in the chronological order, it is well enough to here explain that in 1783 what was the settlers' portion of Bradford county became known as Stokes District. That year the State had appointed Joseph Montgomerv, William Montgomery and Moses McLean commissioners to proceed to the Wyoming valley, establish peace, if ])ossible, among the inhabitants, and organize some kind of civil government. In the discharge of this duty they laid off in April, 1783, the Wyoming settlements into three townships, called Wyoming, Shawanese and Stokes ; the latter included what is now Bradford county. A report by AVilliam Gray, surveyor, in that year describes a tract of land surveyed for John Lawson on the 10th day of October, 1783, as " situate joining land surveyed for Job Chilloway and others at Wyalusing in Stokes ?;6'?o/i.yA//?, Northumberland county.'' From this new civil district it was more than sixty miles to the nearest justice of the peace, so if any of Rudolph Fox's fam.ily had desired to marry, even after all the usual awful trouble of courtship, getting ma's and pa's consent, and going perhaps to Philadelphia to get the license, there would have still remained the matter of a week or more journe}' to find a squire to bind the knot. Anything like such obstructions to marriage in these days would no doubt have a most serious effect on the marriage returns in the census repoi-ts. The first civil government really established in what is now Brad- ford county was December 27, 1787,when by act of the Legislature an election was provided for for this part of Luzerne county. Col. Nathan Dennison waschosento the Supreme Executive Council; John Franklin, member of Assembly ; and Lord Butler, high sheriff. Col. Timothy Pickering Avas appointed prothonotary, and William Hooker Smith, Benjamin Carpenter, James Nesbit, Timothy Pickering, Mathias Hol- lenback, Nathan Kingsley and Obadiah Gore, justices of the peace and of the court of common pleas of the county. This was really the first time the people along the north branch of the Susquehanna river ever had representation in the State Legislature, and had courts of their own choosing. At the June session, 1788, the court proceeded to divide Luzerne county into districts for the election of justices of the peace. Those lying within what is Bradford county were as follows: I. From the upper line of the county to the place at which the road crosses Roswell Franklin's mill-creek, near Mr. Lanning's, in Wysox, b}' an east and west line, comprehending both sides of the river, to be called the First District — one justice. II. From the last-mentioned line to the mouth of Wysox creek,by an east and west line, comprehending both sides of the river, to be called the Second District — one justice. III. From the last-mentioned line to the mouth of Teague's creek, by an east and west line, comprehending both sides of the river, to be called the Third District — one justice. HISTORY OF BRADFORD BOUNTY. 193 The justices commissioned in these three districts, respectively (the ones within Bradford county), were Noah Murray, Obadiah Gore and Nathan Kingsley. At the Wilkes-Barre Court, March, 1790, it was ordered that Luzerne county be divided into eleven townships: 1. Tioga, commencing at tbe north line of the State and extending from the east line to the west line of the county, and on the south by an east and west line which shall strike the Standing Stone. 2. Wyahmiig, bounded north by the south line of Tioga, and on the south by an east and west line passing through the mouth of Meshoppen creek, and extending east and west through the county. Thus Tioga included all of Bradford county from the north line, a distance a little more than eighteen miles south. And Wyalusing was the same east and west, and extended south a little more than ten miles. This was all of Bradford county, except a small point that was south of the south line of Wyalusing, and was inTunkhannock. Wysox. — In April, 1795, Tioga was divided on the prayer of the people to that efi'ect, and the part taken off became Wysox. The divis- ion was on an east and west line passing through a small stream on the east side of the Susquehanna, southwesterly of Breakneck; the north part remained Tioga and the south part Wysox. At the November session, 179G, a petition signed by Simon Spalding and others, pra3^ed the court for another division of Tioga. Thereupon, Elisha Satterlee, Moses Coolbaugh and Simon Spalding were a))pointed to examine the subject and report at t he next term of the court. January 17, 1797, they reported, unanimoush^ agreeing to the division "on the line dividing between Athens and Ulster [the old Connecticut survey], then extending on an east and west line as the line of Ulster and Athens doth extend." The north township was now called Athens, and the south one Ulster. A.nd thus the old historic " Tioga " was dropped — Tioga seems yet the natural name of the point of confluence of the two rivers. Thus the century closed. AVhat is Bradford county had four town- ships: Athens, Ulster, Wysox and Wyalusing — very long east and west, and about six miles wide each. The First Gerrymander. — The art of gerrymandering is a peculiar American institution. As is well known, it is a trick by which territory is sometimes divided up after tlie manner of a craz>' quilt; or, a '• shoe-string district " is formed that the party in control may gain great advantages over the enemy. A Democratic State or a Repub- licctn State, or any other fellow who may happen to be in control when the whole is to be again re-districted, figures out the minority with a skill that is amusing, on the principle that all is fair in war, horse- racing or politics. For instance, in one of the Southern States, after "reconstruction" times, and the Democrats were again in power, they found that the negroes could outvote the whites on a fair vote, so they made a " shoe-string district " and put the blacks nearly all together, and allowed them to have that one district, unanimously as it were, and the whites took all the balance. Thus a district might winil around over the State, and be two or three hundred miles long, as crooked as a crooked dog's crooked hind leg, and it might in some })laces be not 194 HISTORY OF BinDFORD COUNTY. much wider than a race track. Thus a candidate for Congress in such a gerrymandered district, in order to visit all parts of his district, would require an able corps of engineers to keep on the correct trail. This is ." smart " politics, so accounted in this country by the fellow that is " in," but is considered downright political rascality always by the fellow " out." All parties have invariably practiced it, whenever the opportunity offered. " Shake not thy gory locks at me — thou cans't not say I did it." Upon the principle of " you're another" — or the kettle must not upbraid the pot for being black,"^ this rather disreputable practice, really swind- ling the honest voters, has been and will continue to be difficult to rid ourselves of — the outgrowth of the everlasting struggle for office from dog-catcher to President. This original gerrymander was one against an individual, and not a numerous class of voters, and it occurred April 3, 1804, and was a legislative thunderbolt directed at Col. John Franklin. This man was the leader of the " Connecticut claimants," and in that bitter and long controversy he was no common or diminutive figure, but was literally " a thorn in the side " of what was, in those days, termed the " Penn- sylvania land-jobbers." The voters of Luzerne county would elect Franklin to the Legislature year after year, and the " Pennamites " could make no combination for his overthrow; so on the day above named they determined by act of the Legislature to gerrymander him out of office. He had been persecuted, thrown in prison, chained and brutally treated, and impeached for high crimes and treason, but his neighbors only the more and more honored and respected him. So the act provided that that part of Luzerne county, including Franklin's residence, be struck off of Luzerne and attached to Lycoming county. Col. Franklin was a member, and present when the original bill was introduced. There was no secret made of the purpose of the bill, and something of the nature and daring of the man is seen in the fact that, as drawn, the bill had made a mistake and drew the line so as not to change Franklin into the other count}^ He immediately arose and notified them of the mistake, and told them how they could change the same so as to include his residence. It was so amended, and became a law, and the Legislature congratulated itself that it had ''killed Cock Eobin." But, Avithout a break in the record, he appeared fresh and smiling at the very next session of the Legislature. The sifter in that case wouldn't carry water, and the world was given an illustrious instance of poetic justice. Election Districts. — As early as 1785, September 13, an act was passed dividing the several counties into election districts. The county of Northumberland was divided into four districts, and the townships of Turbet, Mahoning, Wyoming, Shawanee and Stokes became the sec- ond, and these people were required to all vote at the town of Nor- thumberland. This was doing the "high sovereign act " by the good people of P)radford under great difficulties. Miner's history relates the fact that Capt. Simon Spalding and twenty others repaired to Northumberland, some of them traveling one hundred miles or more, and none of them less than sixty miles, to reach the nearest place of HISTORY OF BRADFORD C0L:NTY. 197 voting. After taking the oath of allegiance, their ballots were depos- ited in separate boxes, lest they should be deemed irregular; this caused it to be known for whom they voted. It so happened that parties were so evenly divided that these twenty-four votes decided the elec- tion of a member of the Supreme Executive Council, two representatives to the Assembly and the sheriff. September 7, 1789, by an act making new election districts for Luzerne county, "all that part beginning at the north line of the State and extending down and including both sides of the Susquehanna river, to a line east and west across the county at Wyalusing falls, shall be an election district '" — called Tioga ; the voters to meet at the, house of Simon Spalding, and hold elections. This election district included all of now T3raclford and Susquehanna counties — to meet at Simon Spalding's. Elections, though now improved, were still not as convenient as the fellow's pocket in his shirt. Three years after this convenient arrangement, March 29, 1792, Wyalusing district was struck off from Tioga and Tunkhannock dis- trict. Its boundary was as follows: Beginning at the mouth of Wv- sox creek, following down and including both sides of the river Susquehanna, to the mouth of Meshoppen creek. The freemen were, in this new district, to hold their elections at the house of Isaac Han- cock. This was changed to the house of Justus Gavlord, Jr., March 17, 1802. The Wyalusing district was again changed April 10, 1799, by a dividing line east and west, crossing at Breakneck, thence followfng down the river to Rummerfield creek, to an east and west line through the county at that point. The electors in the new- district to meet lit the house of William Means, in AVysox township. The election law of 1800 directed that all that part of the county included in AVyalusing, Wysox, Tioga and Willingborough, begin- ning at a point due east from Standing Stone; thence north to the forty -first milestone on the north line of the State; thence east to the boundary line, the twenty-eighth milestone; thence south until it intersects a line due east from the place of beginning, was made an election district, called Rindaw; electors to meet at the house of Eze- kiel Hyde. April 3, 1801, Tioga, in Luzerne, was made a separate election dis- trict ; to meet at the house of Thomas Berry. In 1805, Burlington election district was formed, and so called; electors to meet at the house occupied by Nathaniel Allen. Orwell district was formed April ll", 1807; meetings at the house of Josiah Grant. Cleftsburg district was formed March 28, 1808, out of that portion of Lycoming county now Bradford; meetings at the house of John Cum mi ngs— changed to the house of William Furman, March 20, 1810. Wysox was formed into a separate election district, March, 1808, at the house of Amos Mix. Canton township l)ecame an election district, meeting at the house of Joseph Wallace, March, 1810. With the beginning of the century the people began to agitate the 11 198 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. subject of a new county. The road to the then county -seat was not only long, but horrid, and there was no fun in going to law by the good people toward the northern State line. Then there were the old disputes over the land claims, and the Connecticut settlers instinctivel}^ felt that the farther south they went in matters of land disputes, the worse they fared. These "half-share men," poor fellows, as they were, were between the devil and the deep sea. The " compromise " and '' intrusion " laws passed by the State had satisfied the old settlers or claimants, who now favored these laws, and that divided the Connecticut people, and there- fore the " half-share men " found themselves being attacked in front and rear, or, in other words, the Connecticut people were now "a house divided against itself." As these laws went into effect, friends became more and more arrayed against each other, and soon there were in many places neighbor against neighbor in open hostility. In a lucky moment the happy inspiration came to some one, and upon the mere suggestion there arose the cry " a new county." After much talking among themselves, the movement began to take form, and in 1806 it had reached such proportions as to be felt in the Legislature at the Capital, and the proposition was broached in that body. This was evidently resj>onsive to the movement now actively afoot, and headed by such men as John Taylor, John Horton, Jacob Strickland, Jonathan Terry, William Means, Asa Stevens, Thomas Wheeler, B. LaPorte, Amasa Wells, Justus Gaylord, Jr., Josiah Grant, Reuben Hale, Eleazer Gaylord and Job Irish. Frequent meetings had been held in every neighborhood, and on the eleventh day of JSTovember, 1806, the inhab- itants of north Luzerne held a meeting and aj)pointed the above- named delegates to meet in wneral convention at the house of William Means, and "agree where the dividing county line shall be run.'" While this was the first concerted movement of the people, the matter was now vigorously pushed. One ])oint that bobbed up on all occasions was that of satisfying the " half-share men " by making the south line low enough dowm to include all or as nearly all as possible of this class; nearly everyone of these wanted to get out of Luzerne county, and, on the other hand, the county wanted to spare as little of her territory as possible. As intimated above, March 24. 1806, an act was introduced to form a new county of the northern part of Luzerne; the act was read and disposed of by ordering that it be "recommended to the attention of the next Legislature." The Legislature was not eager to accommodate the Connecticut settlers, and hence this dodging all responsibility by referring the whole subject to their successors. Something like the sharp practice so frequent now in Congress, where the admission of a new State depends more on its voters agreeing with the party in con- trol in Congress than on the justice there may be in the case. In fact, in many of our Governmental affairs, to an impartial spectator, there is frequently too much political bias in political affairs. For instance, when the countrv was confronted with the question of negro suffrage, at the same time there was a serious movement over the land for female suffrage — both were backed by equally strong advocates, except, for the latter, there were all the great women of the North, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 109 who had been organized many years, and had sent out able male and female lecturers and missionaries in the cause of woman's voting — the "friends of home" and the enemies of a debauched and drunken oncoming generation. The women have signally failed in tiieir elo- quent appeals to the country's statesmen ; while the negro, indifferent, happy, laughing, singing his old plantation roundelays, or in the merry hoe-downs and rollicking cake-walks, knowing little and caring less about politics, had suffrage fairly thrust upon him, handed out to him on silver platters, b}" grand waiters in paper caps and long white aprons. In the language of" the immortal "Artemus," ''Why was this thus T' At this long-off day we can readily see why Pennsylvania was slow to give the Yankees of the upper Susquehanna a new and separate county. The lower end, when it was Northumberland county, could hold the upper end in check. They had, it is also true, somewhat hocused themselves when Luzerne county was struck off in order to gerryman- der Col. John Franklin out of the Legislature. The coh)nel had laughed at it, and the people had spat upon it, and, when too late, the Legislature had found out that, instead of quenching the fire, they had only added fuel thereto. Can not the student of history as readily see why, when negro suffrage prevailed so easily, female suffrage has not only failed temporarily, but is about as dead as a dried mackerel ? The great sun-eclipse Senator in his place in the Senate — his own re-election depending — proclaims the fact that American suffrage, by its universality in this country, is but '' feculent sewage " — that our nation is about being smothered by its excess, etc., etc. — notifying the dear women that they must " save our homes" bv some other potent device than that of the ballot. AVas not the fatal mistake the ladies made that of not agreeing to vote as a unit with one or the other of tiie two great political pai'ties of the country? The answer to that question will, it is believed, help solve the problem of why the Yankees finally secured their own county of Bradford. As noted above, they had become " a house divided against itself — the "old settlers" and " tlie half-share men." Ti)e Legisla- ture accurately forecast the future — the outcome of the division and, if there must be tnore contention, why simply tie the two cats together, throw them across the clothes-line and let them fight it out, always fun for the boy, but rather serious for tiie felines. Be that as it may, we are not greatly concerned about the details now, — sufficient is the fact that, after four years of trifling over the question in the Legislature, the peo])le triumphed, and Bradfoixl (Ontario) county was created. As an indication of the steps taken at the time, it may be proper here to refer to some of the doings of the people and the responses by the Legislature. We have seen that a bill was introduced in March, 1806, to form a new county. December following, the act was reported as "unfinished business." March 11. 1807. a petition came from 154 inhabitants of Luzerne and Northumber- land counties, praving for a new county. December 19 following, four petitions of a like nature were presented, signed by many people of the north section. These petitions respectfully asked that tlie new county be called Hiram, and the seat of justice be fixed at Wysox. 200 HISTOKY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, In January, 1808, the inhabitants of Burlington township, Lycoming county, petitioned for the new county to be called Hiram. All peti- tions had been referred to a committee, which reported, January 12, 1809 : " That your committee have [has] taken the subject committed to them [it] into consideration,"and in effect recommended it be granted. Thereupon a committee was appointed to draught a bill in accordance with the prayer of petitioners. The bill was reported, discussed and postponed for further consideration. During the session of 1808-9, the county question w^as frequently up for consideration. During the session, eight several petitions had been reported to the Assembly, all remonstrating against the erection of a new county as per metes and bounds of the other petitioners — these were all from Luzerne county; but they described a different territory, and insisted, if a new county must be formed, that it be made of the territory they described, and called Loraiiie. Mr. Miner then introduced a bill for the appointment of three commissioners to lay off a new county from Luzerne and Lycoming. This bill was read and ordered to a second reading, and then dro])ped. In the meantime, petition after petition were pouring in on the Legislature. A special committee on the subject was finally appointed, as follows : Benjamin Dorrance, of Luzerne ; Isaac Smith and Samuel Satterlee, of Lycoming ; John Murray, of Northumberland ; Jacob Snyder, of Berks, and James Ralston. Mr. Dorrance soon after reported another bill to organize ; this was read, and a day fixed for its second reading ; it was then advanced to a second reading, and February 10, following, to a third reading, and then sent to the Senate for concurrence. The Senate now commenced the delay tactics ; the bill was read and " referred to the next session." Finally, January 12, 1810, Chairman Dorrance reported from his committee, and strongly urged the erection of a new county, laying down the boundary lines for the same substantially as they are now for Bradford county, and February 21, following, it became a law, and the new county was called Ontario — changed, as stated above, to Bradford, March 24, 1812. The Governor was rec^uired to appoint three trustees, whose duty it was, among other things, to establish the county's Imes. Moses Cool- baugh, Samuel Satterlee and Justus Gaylord were appointed trustees, and they employed Jonathan Stevens, then deput}" district surveyor, to run the lines thereof. In the act defining the boundary lines, quoted above, it will be remembered there is a slight discrepancy in the lines in the southeast corner of the county in the original act, and as now given in the county maps. That"^ is explained as follows : The old township of Brainlrim was divided by the county line, and the inhabitants peti- tioned the next session of the Legislature to alter the line, so that the whole of Braintrim might remain in Luzerne, and therefore, March 28, 1811, the trustees of Ontario county were required to make a new^ line, as follows : " To establisli a point east of Slippery Rocks, at the head of Wyalusing falls, in the River Susquehanna, for the southeast corner of Ontario county; thence a line west to the said Slippery rocks; thence a southwesterly course to the nearest point of Lycoming HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 201 county." This was all the change that has ever been made in the original county boundary lines. Thus fashioned, Ontario (Bradford) county contained the town- ships of Athens, Burlington, Canton, Columbia, Orwell, Towanda, Ulster, Wyalusing, Wysox and a part of Rush — ten townships — and there were six election districts: Burlington, Canton, Cleftsburg, Tioga, W_yal using and a part of Rindaw. The part of Rush township was made a distinct township in the new county; while the electors of that part of Rindaw were added to Tioga. December 20, 1810, the people had petitioned the Legislature for the organization of the new county for judicial purposes, but the mat- ter was allowed to stand just one year, and in December, 1811, Mr. Satterlee favorably reported a bill for that purpose, and March 21:th following it became law. This provided for a county election at the October election following for county officers, and directed that the courts should be held at the house of William Means, of Meansville, Towanda township, until suitable buildings should be erected. This act also changed the name from Ontario to Bradford, in honor of William Bradford. The xcry first important question, of course, in the organization of the new county was the point to be selected by the commissioners as a site for the county buildings — county -seat. The law required it to be within seven miles of the geographical center of the county. Every man with a cleared truck patch within that charmed boundary began to have day-dreams of its coming to him — the future city to be his "clearin','' the convenience of a court-house in his own dooryard, a jail to the right, and a handy poor-house on the left. In some lines men's ambitions are easily excited to open activity — sweet dreams of the golden fleece. But in this case the question soon settled to one of neighborhoods; that is, to places along or near to the river where were collections of houses or, at least, where there was one house. William Means, Wysox and Monroe were all entered for the race. Wysox looked with some contempt upon Monroe, and Monroe, in turn, laughed at William Means and his hopes of carrying off a whole city on his back. Wysox, by a vote of herself, had it unan- imously. It even chose a new name for itself equal to the great occa- sion, " New Baltimore," without stopping to think it would have been just as easy to have spelled Old London, Paris, or Pekin. Her broad and sweeping rich valley was her pride and glory — a winning card, surely — and, therefore, why not take an afternoon siesta f Monroe felt a deep pride in her strong Democratic name ; unlike Wysox, it did not have to shed its miserable Indian name — malodorous name, almost as well have been " Heavysox " so a Monroe ready wit said; there- fore, "hurrah for Monroe!" While all this preliminary skirmish- ing was going on between Monroe and Wysox, William Means was laying low, and, figuratively speaking, was stuffing both sleeves full of aces; he wasted no time laughing in his sleeve, but was putting them to a better purpose. Means was strongly backed by Thomas Overton, who owned most of the land that is now the heart of the city ; and also there was another man, E. B. Gregory, also a land owner. When these three men united the other appli- 202 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. cants should have rose to the emergency tliat forced them. The com- missioners were wary and non-committah A day was at last appointed to meet at William Means, and hear all about the claims of the rivals, when the question would be settled. The day came, and the applicants, that is, Monroe and W3'^sox, with friends and backers, were on hand, loaded with Fourth-of-Julv arguments in favor of their respective places. Thev assembled at the house of William Means — eying each other suspiciously: all were finally seated and awaiting the pow-wow to commence. In the meantime the host, Means, was so attentive and polite, in fact, beaming on both sides and smiling so graciously, that both concluded that he had given up the contest, and now it was a fight to finish between the two. After solemnly waiting some time, some one inquired of Mr. Means where the commissioners were. When, in apparent great surprise at the question, amazed at their ignorance of the fact that early that morning the stakes of the chosen county- seat had been stuck and the commissioners had, being through with their job, gone home, he incidentally and calmly informed them, " with a mej-ry twinkle in his eye," as the veracious chronicler of that day informs us, pointing just out the door — "there are the slakes." Wysox had laid off its new town and staked out the county capital. Monroe had dreamed of its great future factory chimneys, its proud steeples and its tall glittering minarets flashing back the earliest morn- ing rays of the sun, and complacently smiling down on Wysox and William Means. One of the Wysox constituents had advertised his farm for sale in a Wilkes-Barre paper, and, as an inducement to pur- chasers, it was stated, in italics, it ^^ had a stilly ^md then in ten-line wood type it was added, as a clincher, that it was adjoining the new town of New Baltimore, the new county-seat of the new county of Bradford. Thus, "the best laid plans o' mice and men gang aft aglee." The new town was called Overton, in honor of Hon. Edward Over- ton, and was properly and well named. But the disgruntled Wysox and Monroeites determined upon revenge, as bloody and pitiless as that of the boy who, wdien he couldn't whip the other boy, "made faces at his sister;" and so the name of Overton was assailed "by land and by sea," as the sage remarked when asked how he would attack England if another war was ever declared. There has been quite an American fad among our local pundits, when called at the baptism to name a place, to hunt up some Indian monstrosity of a name and plaster it on the poor helpless infant. Indian classics, in their grunting purity, are alwa^'s bad enough, but when chipped out into pigeon-English they are simply horrid. Think of full-grown people living in a town scuttled witli such a name as " Tunkhannock," " Meschaschgunk," " Mehoopanyskunk," " Dia- hogga" (trimmed down to Tioga, one of the most beautiful names that has come from the Indian); "Gohantato" or " Onochoea-goato." These are specimens of the best of the lot — the kind to lay on the top of the box, as persuaders to timid investors in sacred Indian relics. All these places that had to be named should have carried to posterity the name of some early pioneer, instead of this gray-matter-destroying Indian gibberish that is now disfiguring our maps. HISTORY OF BKADFORD COUNTY. 203 This was finally Bradford county, created, baptized, re-named, organized as a civil body, with a capital town and a place for court house and jail, and a first election of the sovereigns to name its full complement of county officials. That youngster is now eighty-one years old ; has nearly sixty thousand people, mostly robust, manly agricul- turists, with schools, churches, preachers, hiwyers, doctors, neVspapers and politics, and politicians galore. Beholdlt, and its grand story of eighty -one years! Nay, rather its ons weeping story of one hundred and fifty years— the auspicious hour when the first-known white man explored this portion of Pennsylvania, with a view of permanently occupying it. A long one huntlred and fifty years ago, but a single tick of the vast clock of God, yet how it fades in the dim blue distance to our finite minds comj)ared to that brief space of life, the short fitful fever that is man's existence here on earth. Carry the imagination back, as well as you can, and what may you see ^ The low, broad mountains studded thickly with great gnarled trees, and its winding valleys, where murmured the mountain brooks on their wav to the rivers and the sea; the primeval forests, in their stillness by day, and their dark and desolate nights only broken by the blood- curdling cries of beasts of prey, and the hootings of the birds of evil omen, flitting from tree to tree in the deep darkness. The solitary traveler might have caught the occasional glimpse, from peak to peak, of the tallest hills, but in all else, so far as vision was con- cerned, he was as thougli enveloped in impenetrable fogs, able to look up through the trees to the clear skies, but about his person the most limited view. Again, the river winding away to the north and the south, with a glimpse here and there at the sparkling stream of molten silver, and in the cool mountain waters the shining fish disported them- selves, or the schools of shad traveled in countless numbers ; the mild- eyed deer nibbled the branches, or bounded a wav on the slightest alarm, the very poetry of motion and the quick, ravishing dream of beauty and grace. The forest choristers were 'singing their matin songs, and building the nests for the prospective brood to wing their wav with the older birds to their winter homes of the gulf shore ; nature, how still, how beautiful, how inviting, covering with its rich green mantle the fanged beasts of prey, birds of evil omen, and the silent gliding serpent, spotted with deadly beauty; birds, animals and insects gave token that here nature was kintlly towartl life, and to this county came the lone Indian hunter, following the streams in his light bark canoe, as untamable as the wildest beast. At the birth of the new county of Bradford, one standing, say, on Table Kock, across the river from the borough of Towanda, could have swept his eye over all the then inhabited or hardly-at-all-settled portions of the county. In the blue distance the winding high land promontories, covered with the massive green forests, the tall trees gracefully swaying in the breeze, clothed inshinv green in spring and summer, and dra])ed in snowy white shroud in winter ; there was not much then to long hold the "interest of the spec- tator. But could he at the time have been imbued with the gift of piercing the future for the space of a brief eighty years, then, 204 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. indeed, would he have found much to enchain the attention. At the moment, where now is Towanda, a straggling cabin or two at the mouth of the creels ; a little longer, and tlie all- round log cabins tore, with low clap-board eaves, and its smell of pelts and green hides and raw sugar- — ^a few sounds of the saw, ax and ham- mer are the first indications to strike his ears as the hour of travail of labor-birth. Years speed along, and behold a frame house takes its place by the side of the round pole cabin ; the old log tavern in time gives way to the more modern "hotel," and brick stores now throw open their doors, rigged out with that splendid 12 x 14 glass in their show windows. A real puffing steamboat comes slowl^^ and dubiously up the river, and the whole population rushes down to the river's bank to wonder and marvel. The dark old forests are invaded on every hand, and the woodman's ax sounds the merrv roundelay from morn till night ; surveyors are abroad, setting stakes and marking lines for farms and for streets and lots in the rising village ; then the canal and its patient pulling mule arrives; a steam mill has been built, an immense tannej'v over there, and then a factory across the way. A church w^ith its tall steeple, and its silvery voiced bell, calls the good people on the quiet Sabbatii morn; "come let us worship (lod," is clanged out and echoes along the hills, and speeds merrily along the valleys. The primitive log school house is superseded by a nice two-story building, and the graded school is here. A splendid covered bridge has taken the place of the old rope and pole ferry boat. Other great factories and mills, and the tall smoke-stacks, and the puffing steam and the whirr of wheels have filled the world with active, pushing life. And as the sounds of this vision fades, there comes to his ears the pulsating of the thundering railroad train — the hoarse scream signals and the far- off rumbling, and the hum of busy life ; and behold, the farms and farm mansions on every hand ; the beautiful city, the pulsing telegraph that has girdled the earth with its sensitive and sentient nerve; the telephone, the gas-lit cit}^ arid then the great white electric light ftares out upon the darkness, and the transformation is complete. This is the change of a few j^ears. Persons are still living who might have looked on from the birth of Bradford county to the present hour, and seen and felt all this splendid panorama. The wild beast and spotted snake have gone, the savage red man has departed, sung his death-song, and it may he hoped has long been in the fullest enjoyment of his " happy hunting ground." HISTORY or BRADFORD COUNTY. 207 CHAPTER XI. ROADS. Mail Routes and Postofkices — First Mails Carried on Foot as There were no Roads for Other Travel. — First Mail Coaches BY Conrad Teter — Navigating the Susquehanna — • Present PosTOFFicES — The Old Berwick Toll Road — Etc. THE first mail rotite through the county was estabhshed in 1803, from Wilkes-Barre to Tioga Point (Athens), and ])ostoifices were estabhshed at Wyalusing, Sheshequin and Tioga Point. Then every two weeks a mail was carried on foot, as there were no roads making it possible for any other conveyance to pass. These foot-mails were cai-ried by Charles Mowery and Cyril Peck (the first husband of Urania Stalford). To make the round trip took two weeks, and for seven years these were the limited mail trains that went silently through the tangled wild-wood and climbed along the " break-neck" ledges of the mountains from Wilkes-Barre to Athens — not cjuite one hundred miles, when often the total mail for the whole trip would be a single letter. These foot-mails in time were succeeded by the man on horse- back who made his appearance once a week. Mrs. Perkins states that the first of this kind of mail service was performed by Bart Seeley, who rode for several years. In 1810 it was supposed that the roads had been sufficiently cut out, and the rock ledges on the sides of the precipices sufficiently improved, for a wheeled vehicle to be used in carrying the mails. A pony mail had been used a short time, and the people were anxious to reach the swell-tide of improvement, and have a w^eekly mail established. Therefore the year 1810 may be marked as a red-letter year for our people. A weekly mail, carried "in a coach" — at all events it Avas a vehi- cle on wheels — was commenced, and the tin horn of the driverPeter Con- rad, was " music in the air " for all the people. This was the beginning of stage-coach travel along the Susquehanna, that increased with the years, brought visitors, speculators, land buyers and settlers of all kinds, like lawyers, doctors, pedagogues and the tenderer assortment of preachers ; the others had come long before, like the justices' suitors, " on foot and on horseback," and had, single-handed and without prejudice, sampled the fresh hot corn-juice from the farm stills, and fought the devil, hip and thigh, wherever they found either him or his fiddle. John Hollenbeck was the first postmaster at Wyalusing, and served many years. lie v/as succeeded by Maj. Taylor. "" The first postmaster at Towanda was Mr. Thomas, the first pub- lisher in the county ; he was succeeded both in the paper and postoffice by Burr Ridgway. The Old Berwick Turnjpihe was chartered in 1817 to run from Ber- 308 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. wick to Elinira. A charter was obtained, and the road built through Bradford county in 1821-2-3; entering the county at the south line and passing through Albany township. Monroe, Burlington, Smithlield — following the streams — and passing out of the State through Ridge- bury township to Elmira. This was the first good road in the county, and was a great mail route ; was a toll road until 1847, when it became a free public road. The State had donated about 260 acres of land to the building. In 1818 there was but one mail route through Bradford county. That year a new line was started from Towanda to Burlington, Troy, and to Sylvania, and thence back through Springfield, Smithlield to Towanda. This was a great improvement to the scattered settlers in the west part of the county. An index of the population is given in the election of 1815, for the Cliffsburg district, held at Columbia Cross Road at the house of William Froman. The district included the whole of Columbia, Wells, South Creek, Ridgebury, Springfield and more than half of Smithfield. The vote polled was 116, which, without the saying, was a total sur- prise — a revelation that West Bradford was growmg up with the country. Early Sitsquehanna Navigation. — The attempts to navigate, by steamboats, the Susquehanna was a failure, and almost a continuous tragedy. Fulton invented and launched his first steamboat on the Hudsoiu River in 1809, and the wonderful story of propelling a boat against the stream by steam spread over the civilized world, and man- kind, that had been toiling and pushing the old keel and Durham boats so painfully up all their long journeys, was now rejoiced. People went down to the banks of the clear and swift-flowing Susquehanna, and looked upon the stream with wholly new sensations; a providence of God, truly, and the old time slow and horrid work of carrying on the travel and commerce of the country would soon change — the steamboat was coming — the great factor and hand-maiden of civilization. Why not "sound the loud timbrel o'er Egypt's dark sea?" The good time coming is here ; man's ingenuity has overcome the appalling difficulties, and the age of fire and steam has arrived. First it was canoes, flat boats or rafts, then rudely constructed "arks," and finally the" Durham" boats. The latter were about sixty feet long, and shaped something like a canal boat, with a " running board" on each side the entire length, manned usually by five men — two on each side " setting poles," and one steering. The best would carry about fifteen tons. With good luck they could ascend the stream at the rate of two miles an hour. The Provisional Assembly of Pennsylvania, of 1771, declared the Susquehanna river a public highwa}^, and appropriated money to render it navigable. In 1824 a boat called the " Experiment " was built at Nescopec, and intended to be operated by horse-power. On her trial trip she arrived at Wilkes-Barre July 4, 1824. A great jubilee was held over the arrival. The thing, however, proved a failure. Necessity was pushing the people along this river. The Delaware HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 209 river was being navigated successfully with steamboats, then why not the Susquehanna^ In 1825 three steamboats were built for the pur- pose of navigating this important river. The " Codorus " built at York by Davis, Gordon t^: Co., sixty feet long and nine feet beam, launched, and with lifty passengers drew only eight inches water, ten horse-power engine, and was expected to make, np stream, four miles an hour. She started on her tiip in the spring of 1826 from New Haven. As she puffed along, the people flocked in hundreds to the banks to see her. Arrived at Wilkes-I3arre April 12, when the town had an old style jollification day of it. Cai)t. Elger invited the heads of the town and many prominent citizens to take an excursion to Foi'ty Fort. After a short stay, the boat proceeded on its way, and soon arrived at Athens, making frequent stops at way places. The Athenians, indeed the people for miles, even away up into New York, now realized their fondest dreams. The boat continued on to Binghamton and turned back, and, after a trip of four months, reached its starting point. Capt. Elger was disappointed, and reported to the company that it was a failure for all ])ractical purposes. The next boat was the " Susquehanna," built in Baltimore, eighty- two feet long, two stern wheels, engine thirty horse-power, intended to carry one hundred passengers, loaded, drawing thirty -two inches. The State appointed three commissioners to accompany the boat on her trial trip ; several merchants and prominent business men were passen- gers, and these were continually added to at stopping points. It was hard moving against the current. Tlie boat reached Nescopec Falls, May 3, 1826. These were considered the most difficult i'aj)ids, and so the commissioners and all but about twenty passengers left the boat and walked along the shore. As she stemmed the angry current, the thousands of people on shore cheered and cheered ; reaching the mid- dle of the most difficult part, she seemed to stop, standing a few moments, then turned her course towartl shore and struck a rock, and instantly followed an awful explosion — and death and horror followed the merry cheers of the people. John Turk and Ceber Whitmash were instantly killed; William Camp died in an hour or so; Maynard, engineer, lived a few days. The fireman, and William Fitch and Daniel Rose slowly recovered ; Col. Paxton, C. Brabst and Jeremiah Miller were severely scalded ; Woodside, Colt, Foster, Hurley, Benton, Benj. Edwards and Isaac Loay were all more or less wounded and scalded. William Camp was "the father of Mrs. Joseph M. Ely, of Athens, who was on his w^ay home with a fresh stock of goods. The third boat was the "Pioneer," which was abandoned after an experimental trij) on the western branch of the river. In 1834, Henry F. Lamb, G. T. Hollenback and family built at Owego "The Susquehanna," a strong, well-built boat, forty-horse power. Her trial trip was down the river to Wilkes-Barre, reaching that place August 7, 1835, traveling the one hundred miles in eight hours, and returned laden with coal. On her second trip she broke her shaft at Nanticoke dam, where she sunk and was abandoned. In 1849, the " Wyoming" was built at Tunkhannock, 128 feet long, 22 feet beam, stern wheel 16 feet, to carry 40 tons of coal. This was 210 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ;i coal boat, and made trips from W"3^oming valley to Athens durign the years 1849, '50 and '51. The arrivals of this boat were known all along the river, and the people were wont to crowd the landings to see the sight, hearty cheers greeting it, as they would lower their smoke stacks, and at Athens land at the foot of Ferry street. The cargo generally was anthracite coal, and in return they carried grain and farm products. The last steamboat for commercial purposes was built at Bain- bridge, ]S^. y., by a company, under the superintendence of Capt. Gil- man Converse, commander of the " Wyoming." She was named '" Enterprise," 95 feet long, to carry 40 tons — completed and launched in 1851. The first season she had a profitable carrymg trade, as the river was high through the season : but in the fall she g'rounded and was left on the dry shore to rot, and this was the end of attempts to navi- gate the Susquehanna. Roads. — The oldest gleanings from the records show that in 1T88 the first petition for roads, in Bradford county, were circulated and signed by the people. This was signed by Thomas Wigley, Nathan Kingsley and Ambrose Gaylord, all of Springfield township, and sim- })ly notified the court that '"divers roads are thought to be necessary to be laid out in said town of Springfield." The committee of free- holders : Justus Ga^'lord, Oliver Dodge, Thomas Lewis, Isaac Han- cock and Gideon Baldwin. This first movement was pressed in the following September by Isaac Hancock, Joseph Elliott, Justus Gay- lord, Oliver Dodge, Thomas Lewis, in another petition in which they said: "For the want of public highwa3"s traveling through said town- ship is attended with the utmost difficulty; for remedy whereof, your petitioners humbly beg the honorable court to appoint commissioners to lay out and alter the roads in said town." * * And appoint supervisors." In 1790, the commissioners reported there were "three roads in the town:" 1st. From the eastern part of the town to Ben- nett's gristmill, on Wyalusing creek ; 2d. From the town plot, between Baldwin and Kingsley's lots, to Porter's mill on AVyalusing ; 3d. Start- ing on the river near Bennett's, up the main road to Bennett's mill, striking the Wyalusing at Porter's sawmill. An attempt to open a road along the river had been made before this, but was a failure. In 1789, a petition was presented for a road from Sheshequin to Tioga Point (Athens). They stated that they had tried in vain to make a road over this line, but that the passage at Breakneck was dif- ficult and dangerous ; they had, at great expense, they say, opened a tolerable road from Wysox to Tioga Point, and asked the court to declare the same a public highway. The commissioners made this recom- mendation in 1794, and at this time a road was ordered from Ulster to Athens. In November, 1794, a road was surveyed from Wyalusing Falls to Tioga (Athens), passing Towanda, or Jacob Bowman's tavern, and crossing the Tioga river opposite Hollen back's store. About this time roads were laid out from Athens to the State line ; from Wysox creek to Athens; also up the river to Benjamin Ackley's blacksmith shop ; to Jacob Camp's house : up the creek to Isaac Bronsou's, near the forks of the creek : in 1795, one up the Towanda creek, and in 1798, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 211 one up the Sugar creek ; in 1799, one to start at Col. Elisha Satterlee's, at Athens, easterly over the high-lands to the forks of the Wyalusing. It is easy to say these important roads were authorized, but it was a more serious matter to open them and make them real highways. In most cases it was years before passable roads were made over those routes. The "Old Stage Hoad " was a State enterprise — a system of internal improvements, that in the early times were really of importance in settling and advancing the country. In 1T80, the State surveyed a road from Wilkes-Barre, following the river to Athens. The State did but little more than make the survey, yet it eventually became the stage line. The " State Road " passed through the county from northeast to southwest. It was provided for by the Legislature in 1807; Henry Donnell and George Haines, commissioners. As provided for, it passes through Pike and AYysox townships, crossing the river at Towanda, following up Sugar creek to East Troy, and on to Covington, in Tioga county. In 1821 Zephan Flower and W. D. Bacon were appointed to lay out a road from Athens, running westerh'. They report, " beginning one mile below Athens, on the State road, crossing the northwest part of Smithfield, through Springheld and Columbia townships to Tioga county line — a distance of twenty-three miles." In 1820 a road was laid out from Towanda to Pennsboro. Com- missioners : W. Brindle, Edward J. Elder, Eliphalet Mason and AVilliam Thomas. The}^ commenced at a point '' fourteen rods from the front of the court-house, and thence to the line between Bradfoi'd and Lycoming counties— seventeen and one-half miles." Turnpike. — The Berwick and Elmira turnpike, passing through Monroe on toward Towanda, was projected in 1807, and the work was still carried on in 1810. This was an important improvement in the unsettled southern portion of tiie county. Post-roads in Bradford county were, by act signed by John Adams, April 23, 1800, established as follows : From Wilkes-Barre to Wyalu- sing and Athens, from Athens via Newtown, Painted Post and Bath to Canandaigua. The office nt Wvalusing' had Peter Stevens for l)ostmaster, and at Athens was William Prentice. While the above were the first government post-routes, yet we learn from Miner's histor}^ : " As early as 1777 an ex])ress was estab- lished between the Wj^oming settlements and Hartford. An old, smoked-dried paper, torn and much mutilated, has, by an accident, fallen into our possession, which shows that the people of Wj^oming; established a post to Hartford, to go once a fortnight and bring on the papers. Prince Bi'vant was a post-rider on tiiis route nine months. More than fifty subscribers remain to the paper, which evidently must have been more numerous, as it is torn in the center. The sums given varied from one to two dollars each. In the list of names are Elijah Shoemaker, Elias Church, George Darrance. Nathan Kingsley, Elisha Blackman, Nathan Dennison, Seth Marvin, Obadiah Gore, James 212 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Stark, Anderson Doud, Jeremiah Ross and Zebulon Butler. Some of those names were prominent Bradford county men. Soon after the occupation of Asylum by the French they established a weekly post to Philadelphia. In 1810, Conrad Teter contracted to carry the mail once a week, in stages, from Sunbury, via Wilkes-Barre, Wyalusing and Athens, to Painted Post. Post Offices. — We make mention of the following existing and discontinued post offices in Bradford county : Alva, January 5, 1827, Fred. Wilson. Altuft, Columbia township, established 1888, C. E. Gladding. Allis, Hollow (Orwell township), August 17, 1868, George N. Norton. AspinwaU (Wells township), established May 17, 18B8, named Old Hickory, Alfred Ferguson ; changed to Wells, February 28, 1862, Joel Jewell; changed back to Old Hickory, July 23, 1868, John O. Randall; changed to Aspinwall, November 10, 1869, Levi Morse. Asylum (see Terrytown); changed to Frenchtown, September 15, 1857, Charles Stevens., Aurora, in Warren township, established 1883. AuHtinrille, Columbia township, established as Havensville, June 2, 1846, Duusmer Smith; changed to Austinville. August 13, 1861, Lyman S. Slade. Athens, January 1, 1801, William Prentice. Barclay, January 10, 1866, George E. Fox. BalUbay, rierrick township, October 9, 18T1, John Nesbit. Bently Greek, January 7, 1859, Benjamin F. Buck. Berrytowti, near Troy. Big Pond, Springfield township. May 31, 18T0, Isaac F. Bullock. Birmy, May 6, 1872, John Holies. Black, in Sheshequin township, established 1887, William Stevens. Browntown, December 11, 1839, Ralph Morton. Discontinued. Jirinkhill, near Athens, established 1882. Burlington, February 24, 1849, John Rose. B>tin]>.<assed around that we were going to have a war with France. Gov. Miftlin ordered the State militia to be enrolled in June, 1798, to be equipped, drilled and put in fighting trim. A great war meeting of Luzerne county, in which this then was, wasconvened at Wilkes-Barre July 3, 1798. Our general (Simon Spalding) was at the meeting as a matter of course, and was made president of it. All made war speeches and rung the glories of victory ; resolutions were adopted, and, among other things, they declared: " i\o sensations of gratitude, no relics of enthusiasm [relics is good] remains to distract us from our duty, as Americans citizens, to our countrv, and here proceed to offer our serv- ices to the State, whenever the emergency arises in which she needs them." That was " the word with the bark on," so far as Luzerne county was concerned. A call for volunteers soon followed, and a company of seventy-five men, under Capt. Samuel Bowman, was recruited and attached to theFleventh U. S. Regiment. John Hollen- back, as sergeant, enlisted the company, and his reports contain this item : " I enlisted fourteen at Wyalusing, by the Kingsley spring. * -;<■ -X- y^Q j^g^ ^Q pig^y \^^\\_ y gg,^^ ^0 Gaylord's for two gallons of whisky, and when they had drunk pretty freely of it I paid them eight silver dollars apiece. I enlisted Wareham Kingsley, Thomas Quick, Hugh Summerlin, Jonah Davis, James Lewis. Asa Harris. At Wysox and Tioga Point, I enlisted more. After hunting deserters in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia and the Carolinas, I went into HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 221 winter quarters at Eouiul Brook, K. J. We were disbanded in the Spring, after Jefferson was elected/' The movements of the militia will be found in extracts from the tiles of the Bra cl ford GazetU'. The War of 1812 came simultaneously with the civil organization of Bradford county, and nearly with the establishment of the first news- paper in the county — the Bradford Gazette. The good people of the county were not, it seems, very deeply interested in that war. The JSTew Englanders, so far as there was opposition to the AVar of 1812, led the opposition, and as the people of Bradford county were mostly from that section, this no doubt had its influence. The first draft for soldiers ever enforced here was in the year 1815. Several men were drafted from Wyalusing, Wysox and'Canton mostly, but these got but little further on the way to tlie war than the place of rendezvous, when the treaty of peace released them, and they returned home. Looking over the old files of the Bradford Gazette of that time there is no other mention of that war, except the expedition of Harrison to the lakes, and the naval battles fought on the ocean and on the lakes. Mexican War. — 'No organized force went from Bradford county to this war. A few individuals may have enlisted at other points. The excitement caused by this struggle extended to this part of the country in a feeble way, and the recruiting officers did not open an office in Bradford county. There was an old Mexican soldier, how- ever, who was several years a member of the State Senate, and every session he produced his measure for the State to do something for these old veterans whose long marches m the cactus country, and whose puissant arms on the bloody field had won so vast a territorial empire from the Greasers and gave it to the Union. He never could get much attention to his bill — it was regularly "hung up" in the committee. There were no votes behind it on election day,' and this weakness the thrifty politicians took advantage of — how fixed is the fact that kissing goes by favors. The Oivil War.— The first gun, was fired April 12, 1861; the last, April 9, 1365; four years, less three days, from the rising of the cur- tain on this bloodiest tragedy in the tide of time' and the ringing it down and putting out the lights, and dismissing to their homes the two million sun-burned and battle scarred veteran actors. The " boys " from the ISTorth had fattened many and many a new-made Southern graveyard. I^ever were such angry human passions stirred, never was such a mad rush made into the very jaws of death. Exactly what it was all about depends upon whom you ask the question. ' A noted man wrote a book entitled " The Great Conspiracy," that would seem to hold to the idea that American slavery and British free trade had joined hands to destroy the Union, and drive home the entering wedge. Otliers say it Avas to abolish slavery; and still others say it was a struggle for supremacy between the"^ sections, a quarrel that had to come, fate; and "if it were done when 'tis done, then it were well it were done quickly," etc., etc. This one thing, it seems, is tolerably well agreed upon among the Union soldiers: They went to war, after the dance of death had opened, to save the Union, to suppress rebellion 232 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and maintain the supremac}^ of government. That much is clear, but in this there is nothing for the historian to put his finger on as to the causes that ultimately led up to actual hostilities. The historian, or rather present clironiclers, must employ themselves simply aicling pos- terity in hunting out the remote causes, and by gathering and system- atizing such facts as about which there can be no great differences of opinion. Bradford county responded promptly and bravely to every call of the country during that long and terrible struggle. The merchant and clerk jumped over the counters, the mechanics left the bench, the plows were standing in the furrows, the lawvers laid aside their briefs and the physicians mercifully turned over their patients to "yarb'' tea and the good old motherly nurses ; flags fluttered in the breezes and the shrill fife and rattling snare-drum vexed the air, and pale and earnest men made war speeches, and the little erstwhile cloud, no larger than your hand, suddenl}^ lowered from the whole heavens ; grim-visaged war was afoot ; the heavy tread of armies began to freight the winds, and the bugle charge but preceded the clash of the embattled liosts, and the Civil War was a terrible reality, and ladened tiie air with death and made it redolent of decay. As family quarrels are worse than all other manner of disputes, so is a civil war the most horrible of all manner of military strifes. The people of Bi-adford county for the first time in the history of this section were solidly united on the subject — that is. fighting it out to the bitter end^no peace but that of a restored Union. The guns that were fired upon Fort Sumter were not only heard around the world, but their dull echoes are reverberating yet, and effects will certainly not wholly pass away in the next hundred years. It was a sad day for the institutions of freedom here and elsewhere ; its effects upon other nations, strug- gling toward their liberty and independence, were nearly disastrous, and it left upon many American minds that dark and hopeless faith in strong (joTemments only ; it made many Americans forget that our Revolution was against a government too strong where were a people too weak. The self-evident truth that the stronger the government always the weaker the people to resist usurpations was forgotten, and madmen rushed at their brothers' throats. Beneath the bending heav- ens has there been anything, since the birth of Christ in this world, w^orth a tithe of the awful woe, the unspeakaible sufferings, the wasted young lives, desolated homes and broken hearts that came of it all ? Divest yourself of all hysterical sentiment, and j^dr 6'e whkt is there that should make reasonable human beings go to Avar? Germany is a military encampment, where the men are nothing more than mere parts of war machinery, animated muskets with fixed bay- onets, and under that military empire the people go to war at the beck and nod of their divine emperor — who makes of his children's nursery a soldier's camp, but who is murdering German thought and civilization by "divine authority" — that fatal curse that came to bar- baric man, that "a king is divine." When his Satanic Majesty was unchained for a thousand years, he need onlj' have visited the earth and invested mankind with the cruel and wicked delusion that it was HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. '^i'^o o'ood to have a strong- government and a ""divine king'" enthroned, and ''Auld Clootie'- might have returned to his Plutonian shores in tiie restful faith that he had conquered mankind for thousands of years to come; captured their horse, foot and dragoons, by principalities, by empires and by nations. I know of nothing else, of all else, but that compared in sin to this divinity-of-ruler's idea but that is as tlie grain of sand to the mountain range. Usurpers usurping everything under such plausible pretexts as ])ronioting the public good. The foulest designs that were ever invented against the most sacred rights of mankind here come clothed in fairest face and winning smiles, and tlie devil surely hypnotized men's very blood when he tilled them with faith in the " divine" ruler, and that the sweet and pitiful heaven would be deeply grieved to see that idea gibbeted higher than was Ilaaman — the awful delusion extirpated from men's hearts. And these monsters, measureless criminals against God and man alike, build churclies and school-houses, and poor men crawl in their pi-esence and worship them — powder food, slaves — soul and bo(l^^ If mankind was made for no higher purpose than to set up these fetich-governments ; to be governed by either an organized banditti or a miserable insane, diseased king, and to slave and suffer and perish, that the rotten dynasty might live, then surely life is one stupendous failure. Much of the current history of nations is merely elaborated war records, and consecpiently columns and whole pages of modern metropolitan nev.'s- papers are detailed accounts of the doings of the prize-ring bullies — those giants with fists like mauls and heads like tea cups. This trend of the public mind is the omnipotent educator of a majorit}^ of the average boys of the land, and when among groAvn men one of these "two-legged brutes on exhibition can draw houses worth dollars, to where, perhaps, the finest intellect in the world would get pennies, it is enough to discourage the heroes who build up and extend civilization. The first regular battle in the Civd War was Bull Run, and here were Bradford county men, and from there to Appomattox, in the Army of the East, and in many of the Western battles also, they were present, JSTearly every township in the county, not only called war meetings, but organized societies for securing recruits; commissioners and boards of every municipality, and the county at large, were voting money, both as bounties and as assistance to families. The first shock of war paralyzed business everywhere, but such was the activity in recruiting and supplying the rapidly forming squadrons, that, soon, never before was more general business activity. In honor of Ameri- cans, it should never be forgotten that we had all prejiarations for war, in the way of raising and arming men, to make after actual hostilities had begun. Another thing, and a far nobler compliment to American advance in the higher walks of thought, is that our war was long, and millions of men were in line; yet, compared to the marvelous military genius of a Von Moltke, we hiid but most feeble ideas of quick and triumphant war. Von Moltke was the mere adjutant of Germany, and he played the game of war with the precision of fate. Our field commanders were, no doubt, the equals, perhaps the superiors, of any modern people ; but this is not the science of war, it was hardly more than a prolonged 224 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. life-and-death-struggle, where the deciding- factor was a mere question of numbers. When Germany overran and conquered France, twenty years ago, besieged and captured their beautiful capital, and levied on the conquered billions of tribute money to carry back to Berlin, then it was that the volcanic French appeared in their best form. France, hardly stopping to look around on her desolation, the splendid ruins on every hand, when she set about rebuilding her magnificent cities, her vine-clad, sunny houses, and in the walks of peace, was soon far in advance of her recent conqueror. The South was overrun, devastated, and conquered, and the terms of surrender were hardly dry on the paper when the soldier became a civilian, and from that hour to this, the "New South" is a marvel even in this marvelous land. The haughty Normans overran England, conquered it, confiscated its entire public and private property, and made slaves of tiie conquered. The Normans are but an insignificant line in histor3% while their once slaves have pushed their all-conquering civilization around the entire globe. There are lessons in history that men should learn " bj' heart." The learning of those lessons will teach men to think, reliect and make of them rea- soning beings. Such men only will advance, not only themselves, but their brothers. In a certain stage of development, emerging from naked barbarians, war is no doubt a developer, as Buckle pretty clearly shows that the invention of gunpowder was an active and powerful civilizer. Following immediately on the firing on Fort Sumter came the President's call for 75,000 volunteers to put down the Rebellion. Any man was a hero then, that would go beating, up and down street, the drum, and calling for recruits to his company. Where there were so many volunteering in hot haste, so many as to soon fill the call of the President, and thousands were turned away, disappointed, it would seem foolish to try to name the first man to volunteer from Bradford county. There is some strong evidence that Capt. Bradbury, now of Athens, was about the first to respond to his country's call. The average man was stunned for a little while with the call to arms; he didn't exactly know how to go about the first step in joining the army ; there was nothing in sight to "join." During the four j^ears of war there w^ere forty companies — nearly all full companies, went from this county — these were squadrons that joined New York commands. Over 4,000 men from one county, and that a county of farmei's ; not a city within its borders. The; whole number of men enlisted in the Union Army, not including State militia, and men enlisted for special emergencies, 2,656,553 men ; killed or died of wounds, 96,087; died, 184,331; total w^ho died, 280.- 418. What a countless army with banners! The "boys" went out from friends and home to war, to the long marches and summer's heat and dust, and winter's storm and biting cold ; to the muddy trenches, the bivouack, the fierce charges and the headlong retreats, the cross and clash of bayonets, sickening wounds and the noisome hospitals, to disease and deathly home-sickness, to exposures that sapped the strongest constitutions, to despair and death. Four vears, less three HISTORY OF BRADFOIil) COUNTY. 227 days, and the outstretched wiii^s of the destroying- aii<>el darkened all this beautiful land. Nearly three millions of men went out with the cheer of the multi- tude, the blare of bugles, the rattle of the drums and the martial music of the fife, full of young, lusty life, and health, and hope and boundless ambition. Nearly 400,000 perished — seven times the entire population of one of our States. At last, " stack arms ! " " home ! " and the common soldier returned foot-sore, weary, covered with dust and grime ; toiling along the hot road, he approaches his return journey's end, his heavy load is laid away, and his army shoes are pulled off, and he asks after his neighbors, and tells the gathering acquaintances of the " boys " that will never come back. Among the eminent sons of Bradford who laid down their lives in the line of duty — names not born to die — may be mentioned tliose of Watkins, Spalding, Culp, Sturrock, Ingham, Guyer, Swart, Kellogg-, llemans, Tears, Case, and there are hundreds of others, whose memorial tablets are in the many different cemeteries of the county, while many others sleep in unknown Southern graves. The Governor of Pennsylvania promptly convened the Legislatui-e on the April call for troops, and May 15, 1801, an act was passed requiring the Governor (Cui'tin) to organize a militar}^ corps, to be called the "Rural Volunteer Corps of the Commonwealth," to be com- posed of thirteen regiments of infantry, one regiment of cavalry and one of light artillery, to be enlisted for three years. These were apportioned among tlie counties, and the ranks soon filled. Three more companies than the county was allotted, had, in their eagerness to go, organized and started foi- Ilarrisburg, and actually got as fai- as Troy, when they had to stop, as the quota was full, and no more could be received. July 21, 1861, occurred the first fight at Bull Run, and the result of that battle was for a moment to send dismay through the North. The National army was routed, and the term of the three months' 75,000 men was near its close ; the capital was exposed, and instead of suppressing the Rebellion in the allotted " ninety days," it began to look seriously the other wdy. Most fortunately, Pennsylvania was ready with its organized force of three years' men to step in the breach, and stay the victorious rebel onslaught. War Meeting in Towanda. — April 18, only six days after the attack on Fort Sumter, a great war meeting was held in Towanda. Small spontaneous meetings had pi'eviously been held in nearly every town- ship. Judge Mercur presided; Cols. G. F. Mason, John F. Means and W. C. Bogart, vice-presidents; P. D. Morrow (judge); W. T. Davies (Gov.); D. A. Overton and H. B. McKean, secretaries. Many stirring and patriotic speeches were made, and a mass meeting was called for the 23d. At this meeting the county's population turned out, and recruiting went on briskly, the ladies ])artaking, and they presented the volunteers with a beautiful flag, the handiwork of their own hands, and Capt. J. W. Mason resjwnded on behalf of the men. April 30, three companies had been raised and organized : Capt. Mason's. Capt. Gore's and Capt. Bradbury's, of Athens, and they started 228 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. at once for Ilarrisburg, but on reaching Troy the}" were notiiied that the State's quota was full, and were ordered to return. They were met at Troy by five companies from Tioga, and instead of disbanding or returning, they went into camp tliere. In a short iime they pro- ceeded to Harrisburg and were mustered into the State's Reserve Corps. Capt. Trout's Company being F, in the Fifth lieserve, and Capt. Bradbury's, Company F, and Capt. Gore's, Company I, in the Sixth. Capt. Mason was transferred to the regular army, and after the war was lieutenant-colonel of the Fifth Cavalry. The Fifth was hurried to Harper's Ferry, soon after the Bull Run defeat, and from there to Washington, where they started 984 strong. In the three battles of Mechanicsville on the 2Gth, Gaines' Mills on the 27th, and Charles City Cross Roads on June 3()th, the regiment lost 18 killed, 115 wounded and 103 prisoners. Capt. Robert W. Sturrock was killed on the 27th, shot through the head. lie had enlisted in April as a private. Lieutenant Riddle, of Company F, and Adjt. Mason were wounded. Riddle was taken prisoner. Capt. Trout resigned in January, 1862; Sturrock took his place, and when he was killed Capt. J. A. McPherran was in command, and he was promoted to major May 7, 1864. A. G. Mason, first lieutenant Company F, was pro- moted to adjutant. A. Fercival Shaw was promoted to first lieutenant, J. W. Means was, in 1862, })romoted to lieutenant in the regular army. Lieut. William Riddle resigned in May, 1863, to accept promo- tion as majoi" and aid on the staff of (Ten. Reynolds. /Sixth Reserve — Thirty-ffth It egiment— April 22, 1861, Capt. W. H. H. Gore, with his "Northern Invincibles," and Capt. Daniel Bradbury, with his company ,the "Towanda Rifles," left Towanda for Harrisburg, reaching that place May 2, and formed the nucleus of the Sixth Reserve Regiment. Tliey had failed to get into the three months' service. June22 the I'egiment was organized and the field-officers elected : W. Wallace Ricketts, colonel ; William M. Penrose, lieutenant-colonel; Henry J. Madill, major. Lieut. Henry B. McKean, adjutant; R. II. McCoy, quartermaster; Charles Bowers, surgeon, and Z. Ring Jones, assistant-sur'geon. A very succinct history of this command was given by Maj. Gore at the regimental monument dedication on the field of Gettys- burg, September 2, 1890. After stating the formation of the regiment he said : "After the disastrous battle of Bull Run, a call was made on Governor Curtin for ti'oops, and the Reserves were rushed to Wash- ington ; the Sixth was the first regiment to arrive, and was mustered into the United States service JuW 27, 1861, and sent to Tenallytown, Maryland. While in this camp over one-half of the regiment was stricken with typhoid fever, greatly retarding the efficiency of the regiment. While in this camp the Reser'ves were formed in three brigades; the Sixth with the Ninth, Tenth and Twelfth formed the Third Brigade. October 9, 1861, the division was moved across the river into Virginia, and went into camp near Langley. "December 20th, the Third Brigade and First Rifles fought the battle of Drainesville — gained the first victory for the Army of the Potomac. " Afarch 16, 1862, they broke camp, and marched to the vicinity of IIIS'I'ORY OV BRADFORD COUNTY. ^29 Hunter's Mills, then back to Alexandfia. In the meantime Col. liicketts and Lieutenant-Colonel Penrose had resit^ned, and their places were tilled by Wm. Sinclair as colonel, and H. B. McKean as lieutenant-colonel. Tlie quartermaster also resi<^ned, and A. A. Sender was appointed. "The division was attached to McDowell's corps, and in April marched to Manassas, Collett's Station, thence to Fredericksburg. In June they were on transports, and went down the liap])ahannock, up the York'and Pamunkey rivers to White IIouse,and were attached to the Fifth Army Corps. The Sixth was halted at Tuntall Station to guard the road and keep open the communication with the front. While here. Col. Sinclair joined us. and assumed command; the left wing of the regiment^ was sent to White House to guard the stores; the Seven- Day battle opened at Median icsville, and the regiment was cut otf from the main army, and, after destroying the vast accumulation of stores, was taken by boat via Fortress Monroe and James river to Harrison's Landing, where they were joined by the balance of the division. The Sixth Regiment was here transferred to the First Brig- ade, which now consisted of the First, Second, Sixth, Ninth and Buck- tails. " The next move was by boat fi'om Ilai'rison's Landing to Acjuia, Creek, thence by rail to Fredericksbur-g. thence by way of Kelly's Ford to Warrenton, where they joined Pope's army, and took an active part in the battle of Second Bull Kun. Falling back with the army to Washington, they marched through Maryland to South Moun- tain, and in that battle was on the extreme right of the army, and was attached to the First Corps; a,t this battle and Antietam the regiment met with severe loss, especially in officers. Maj. Madill was now promoted to the colonelcy of the One Hundred and Foi-ty-lirst P. V., and Capt. Ent was promoted to major. " In November the march was again resumed, ending at Fredericks- burg, where, on the 13th of December the regiment, in connection with the balance of the Reserves, made the most gallant charge of the war. '' Our losses here were greater than any other battle we ever fought ; we were but a handful left for duty, and the Reserves were ordered to Washington and vicinity to rest and recruit; the Sixth was sent to Fairfax Station, where it remamed until June, 1863, when it again joined the army — was attached to the Fifth Corps and marched for this historic field; and here, on this ground, where we are dedicating this monument, we aided in fighting the battle of Gettysburg. Mov- ing with the Army of the Potomac, marching and skirmishing, we finally went into winter quarters at Bristoe Station. In tlie meantime Col. Sinclair had resigned and field offices were filled by promoting Ent to colonel, Dixon to lieutenant-colonel, and Gore to major. " In the spring of 1804, they took in all the fighting under Gen. Grant, through the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna River to Bethesda Church, doing their full share of the work in that arduous campaign, ending their services with the brilliant victory of Bethesda Church. 230 HTSTORY OF BRADFORD COFXTY. " And now, comrades, I have briefly sketched tbe history of your regiment, its marches and hardships, its gallant fighting; it never disgraced itself; there were other regiments as good as3'ours, but none better. We have met here to-day to dedicate this shaft as a monu- ment of your valor, but your history will be a monument that will last as long as the American nation exists, and until after those stones shall have crumbled into dust." This page of history is carved in the granite column that stands on the field of Gettysburg: FRONT, WEST SIDE. 6th Pennsylvania Reserves, 35th Infantry, 1st Brigade, 3d Division, 5th Corps. SOUTH SIDE. July 2d, in the evening, charged from the hill in the rear to this position, and held it until the afternoon of July 3d, when the Brigade ad- vanced through the woods to the front and left, driving the enemy and cap- turing many prisoners. Drainsville, Peninsular Campaign, Groveton, 2d Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Bristoe Station, Rappahannock Station, Mine Run, Wilderness. Spottsylvania, North Anna, Totopotamy, Bethesda Church. EAST SIDE. Recruited in Bradford, Columbia, Dauphin, Tioga, Susquehanna, Snyder, Wayne, Franklin, and Montour Counties. Total enrolment, 1050. OFFICERS. MEN. Killed and died of wounds, ... 2 107 Died of disease, 72 Wounded, 19 286 C'aptured or missing, .... 2 61 28 526 Total casualties, 549. NORTH SIDE. Mustered in May 28th and June 11th, 1861. Mustered out June 11th, 1864. Present at Gettysburg 25 officers, 355 men. Killed and died of wounds, 3 men. Wounded, 1 officer and 30 men. The monument stands a short distance to the right of Little Round Top, facing toward the enemy's lines, on grounds now owned by Mr. Frank Althoff, but at the time of the battle it was owned by Joseph Sherfy, the owner of the Peach Orchard. The wheat field in front, where the desperate charges were made, is now the property of the Eattle-field Memorial Association. At the left, on a giant boulder, on the summit of Little Round Top the bronze statue of Gen. Warren rises in bold relief as the masterly strategist that plantetl the HISTORY OF BRADFOKI) COUNTY. 2l]l Maltese Cross in advance of the enemy on the ru<^ged lieights where Vincent, O'Rouke, Hazlet and Weed fell, and rescued the key of the position from the grasp of the enemy. Twdftli Beserve — Forty-first Regiment. — Had one full company from this county, Company C, Capt.' Richard Gustin, commissioned, June 11, 1861, promoted to lieutenant-colonel, April 6. 186-S; Henry S. Lucas became captain, April G, 1863; mustered out with regiment; Daniel R. Jewell, promoted to tirst-lieuteoant May 14, 1863 ; Oscar Templeton, second lieutenant, resigned August 10, 1861 ; Jacob B. Grantier, promoted to second lieutenant September 8, 1861, resigned August 11, 1862 ; John G. Rahm, promoted to lieutenant. May 1, 1863. The command was mustered in August 10, 1861, and at once started to Harper's Ferry, wlien their route was changed to Tenallvtown. Their first engagement, their baptism in fire, was at the opening battle of Drainsville, where it held the left line, and was exposed to heavy tiring. In 1862, when McClellan was calling for troo])s, this command joined him and was in his campaign, and in Pope's campaign. July 12, 1862, ('ol. Hardin was wounded in battle and the command of the legiment devolved upon Capt. Gustin and so fought in the battle of South Mountain. A]H'il 6, 1863, he was })romoted to lieutenant-col- onel of the regiment, and was in command until Col. Hardin was able to return. The regiment was mustered out at Harrisl)urg, June 11, 1864. Fiftieth Regiinnit, P. F.— Had two companies from Bradford county, and Edward Overton. Jr.. of Towanda, major. Organized September 25. 1861. and. from Harrisburg. proceeded at once to Washington. Following is the record of the two Bradford companies : COMPANY 6. Wra. 11. Telford. Chas. Forbes -Michael McMalion Frea R. Warner. Henry J. Christ. . Chas. F. Cross. . . John P. Kinney. . Kthan B. Powell. H. C. Alderson. . Henry Scott I'iulip Carland. . . DATE OF MUSTER. Captain Aug. Sept. 1st Lt. Se))t. Sept. Feb. " Aug. 1st Serg Sept. " Sept. Se'-g'ut. Sept. [Sept. I Sept. 8, '61 'fil T,l 6, '61 29, 64 8, '61 '61 '61 '61 ■61 '(il REM.MiKS. Cap. May 12, 1864— pr. to Lt. Col. Feb. 8, 1865— mus. out to date, July 30, 1865. Pr. from Cor. to Sgt.— to 1st Sgt. to 2d Lt., April 29, 1865— to Capt., May 12, 1865— cap. May 12, 1864- Vet.— mus. out with company July 30, 1865. Died at Hilton Head, S.'C.Nov. 20, 1861. Pr. from l.st St., Co. D, Feb. 15, 1862— j mus. out Oct. 3, 1864. Pr. from Private, Co. K, Dec. 11, 1864. Pr. to 1st Lt., U. S. Signal Corps, Mar. 3, 1863. Pr. to 1st Sgt. , May 1,1865— Vet.— wd. July 30, 1864— com. 2d Lt., May 1, 1865— not mus. — mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865. Discharged on Suig. certilicate, Nov., 1862 — disability, disease. Mustered out with company, July 30, 1865 —Vet.— captured J\Iay 12, 1864. Pr. from Musician — mus. out with CVi., July 30, 1865— Vet.— wounded June 7, 1862— captured May 12, 1864. Pr. f rom Private— mus. out with ('o., July 30, 1865— Vet. 232 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. COMPANY ( jr CONTINUED. NAME. RANK. DATE OF MUSTER. REMARKS. Henry Blend Serg'nt Sept. '61 Pr. from Private, May 1, 1865— Vet.— mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865— wd. May 9, 1864. Edgar Roberts Sept. 24, '61 Wounded June 18, 1864— disch. on Surg, cert., Dec. 15, 1864— Vet. Merwin Higgins Sept. '61 Captured May 12, 1864— died Dec. 10, 1864— Veteran. Wm. Spalding " Sept. '61 Died of disease, Kentucky, Covington. Simon Russell Sept. '61 Transferred to U. S. Cav,, Oct. 28, 1862— wounded Sept. 1,1862. Henry C. Camp " Sept. '61 Transferred to U. S. Cav., Oct. 28, 1862. Chauncy V. Bassett. . . " Sept. •61 Dis. on Surg. cert. — disabilitv, Nov., 1862. A. S. Blackraan " Sept. '61 Died at Beaufort, S. C, Dec!^, 1861. James W. Birney Corpor'j Sept. '61 Mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865— Vet.— wd. Sept. 17, 1862, Nov. 19, 1863, June 3, 1864, AusT- 19, 1864. Theodore Lewis Sept. •61 Mns. out with Co., July 30. 1865— Vet.— captured May 12, 1864. George N. Chaffee.. . . Sept. '61 Mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865— Vet.— captured May 12, 1864. Alexander Spalding. , . " Sept. '61 Mus. out to date, July 30, 1865— Vet. Jas. Morrison Sept. '61 Mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865— Vet.— captured Aue. 30, 1862. Chas. M. Heilman. . . , " Feb. 24, '64 Mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865. Joseph H. Taylor. . . Mar. 3(1, 64 Pr. to Cor., May 1. 1865 — mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865. C. B. Vandermark — Mar. 30, '64 Pr. to Cor., May 1, 1865— mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865— cap. May 12, 1864. Thomas Gillett '■ Sept. '61 Killed May 12, 1864— Vet. Edgar E. Spalding. . . Sept. '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate, Dec. 11, 1862 — disability. James Lewis " Sept. '61 Discharged on Surg, certificate. Daniel M. Reed " • Sept. '61 Killed Sept. 1. 1862. Wm. Hurst <. Sept. Sept. '61 •61 Killed Sept. 17, 1862. Joseph H. Atkins Disch. on Surg, certificate, Dec. 10, 1862. Wm. F. Carey " Sept. '61 Transferred to U. S. Cav., Oct. 28, 1863. David Reifsnyder Mus'cn . Mar. 15, '64 Mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865. Jas. Giilson Private. Sept. Mar. 23, '61 •64 Allen, Chas. H Captured May 12, 1864— mustered out with company, -July 30, 1865. Arnold, Robert " Sept. 17, •61 Mus. out, Sept. 29, 1864— exp. of term. Ammon, .Tohu " Mar. 25, '64 Disch. on Surg, certificate, Nov. 5, 1864. Avery, Samuel " Mar. 26, '64 Ames, Samuel " Mar. 14, '65 Substitute. Bennett, Asa B * ' Sept. '61 Captured May 12. 1864— died at Wilming- ton, Del., March 9, 1865. Brown, Chas. H " Mar. s, '64 Mus. out with Co . Julv 30, 1865. Bare, Benjamin " Sept. 21, '64 Drafted— dis. by Gen. Order, June 1,1865. Buckingham, G. AV. . . " Mar. 16, 65 Sub.— mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865. Brown, Chas. T " Mar. 11, '65 Sub.— dis. by G. 0., July 10, 1865. Babcock, Asa E " Sept. 17, '61 Mus. out, Sept. 29, 1864— exp. of term. Brink, Leonard M " Sept. 24, '61 Mus. out, Sept. 29, 1864— exp. of term. Birney, Newton " Mar. 8, '64 Cap. May 12, 1264— died Nov. S, 1864. Burton, John w Mar. Sept. 3, '65 '61 Substitute. Boughton, John S. . . . Ball, Jacob L " Sept. '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate, Sept., 1862. Bennett, James " Sept. '61 Killed Sept. 17, 1862. Bailey, Wm " Sept. '61 Cook, Joseph Mar. 31, '64 HISTORY OF BRADFORD rOUXTY. COMPANY G — CONTINUED. 233 Carrigan, Wm Cannon, Tbos. K. . . . Cowden, John Cramer, Cbas Carmicliael, Daniel. . Comstoek, Alonzo. . . Coleman, Richard... Duress, Isaac Derr, Wm. H Dauben speck, G Daubenspeck, A Duell, Saaiuel RANK. Private, Davis. Isaac Develin, Barnard. . Delamater, Lewis.. Evans, Wm Evans, Samuel. , . . Eiker, .John Farrar, Geo. C. . . . Frost, Clayton W. Fleming, Tbos. . Foster, John C. . Forbes, John C. . Fox, Silas A. . . . Frutcbey, Moses. Frazier, John. . Frailev, Wm Gale, Eli W Gannon, Wm. . . Greek, Wm Gridley, Lewis B. . . Goldsboro, Eli J..., Gannon, James. . . . , Gore, John Grippin, Benjamin. Harsh, John Hawkins, Jas Hill. Emery Harris, John P Hicks, Orville S Hutchinson, A Heller, Henry Hilliard, Tbos. B .. Hilliard, Israel I llermick. Samuel.. Horton, Lemuel. . . . Horton, .James Hawkins, Jas Howard, Almon Hiney, Matthew. . . . Heckathon , Reuben . Johnston, Cbas Johnston, Wm. A. . . Jones, John Kahoe, Michael , DATE OF MUSTER. REMARKS. Sept. 'GSiSub.— mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865. 64 Drafted— dis. on Surg, cert., Feb. 14, 1865. 64|Killed May 12, 1864. Mustered out to date, July oO, 1865. '65 Substitute. Tr. to Eng. Corps, U. S. A., Oct. 28, 1862. Mus out with Co., July 30, 1865— Vet. 9, '65'Substitute— dis. bv G. O., June 23 1865 20, '64 Drafted— dis. by G. ().. June 1, 1865 20, '64 Drafted— dis. by G. O., June 1, 1865. 30, '64 Captured May 12, 1864— died at Ander- sonville, Ga., Sept. 3, 1864. 13, '65 Substitute. 6, '65!Substitute. ■61|Traus. to U. S. Cav., Oct. 28, 1S62. 8, '65iSub. — mus. out with Co., July 30, 1805. 8, '65:Sub.— dis by G. O., July 10, 1S65. •6l| 8, '64iMus. out with Co., July 30, 1865. 17, '61|Mus. out, Sept. 29, 1864— exp. of term— I wounded Aug. 30, 1862. 20, '64 Drafted— dis. by G. O., June 1, 1865. 24, '64i Wounded- died August 7, 1864. '61IDi.sch. on Surg, certiticate— disability. '61 Disch. on Surg, certiticate, Jan., 1863. 24, '61 Mustered out, Sept. 29, 1864— exp. of term. , '64 Mustered out witli company, July 30, 1865. '61 Mus. out to date, July 30, 1865— Veteran— I captured May 12, 1864. '64, Mustered out with company, July 30, 1865 ;61j Killed May 12, 1864. '65|Substitute. '61 j Disch. on Surg, certificate. '61 Died Sept. 4, 1862, at Hilton Head. S. C. '61 Trans, to U. S. Cavalry, Oct. 28, 1863. '04iMustered out with company, July 30, 1865. '64| Mustered out to date. July 30, 1865. '65!Substitute~mus.out with Co., July 30, '65. '65!Substitule— disch. by G. O. Mustered out Sept. 29, 1864— exp. of term. Drafted— disch. by G. O., June 1, 1865. Drafted— disch. by G. O.. June 1, 1865. Drafted— disch. by G. O., June 1, 1865. Drafted— disch. by G. O., June 1, 1865. Mustered out to date, July 30, 1865. Mar. Sept. Sept. Sept. Mar. 15. Disch. on Surgeon's certificate — wounded Sept. 17, 1862. Substitute. Disch. on Surg, certiticate. Trans, to U. S. Cavalry, Oct. 28, 1862. Discharged l)y Geiil. Order, June 7, 1865. Substitute. 11, '65|Subslitue. 11, '65 Substitute- -mus. out with Co., July 30, '65. J34 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. COMPANY G — CONTINUED. RANK. DATE OF MUSTER. Kelley, Richards. Kelley, Saml. F. . King, Wm Kelley, Thos. D. . Kiiolbs, Wm. F. . Leonard, Simon. . Lerue, Burtis Lewis, Abriel. . . . Private. Lines, Wm. M Lines, John M Morrisohn, John D. Mapes, Milton C Markhatn, Riifus A. Martin, Robt. S Mace, Harvey H Monroe. John Morris, Wm. II Mack, Daniel Middaugh, Avery.. Mills, Albert W.... Mott, Abraham JIacy, Iliram McElwain, Wilson. . McLeary, Terrence. McGee, John Naylon, Patrick Nay Ion, John O'Donnell, Chas.. . . O'Neal, James Owens, Geo. W Powers, John J Powers, Elijah C. Porter, Samuel H. . . Porter, Amos C Pease, David Place, Jacob (Juick. John Itussell, Hiram W. . ]\oss, Albert Hyan. Thomas Spalding. Nath. L . Spate, Chas. A Stoner, Christian. . Sullenberger. ,Tohn. Sloan, Thomas Stinson, Chas Shira, Wm. H Stroud, James Spalding, Henry Sullivan, .Tohn Shepherd, Albert. . Scully, John A Scriven, Edwin Scriven, Albert Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Mar. Sept. Mar. Mar. Sept. Sept. June Mar. Feb. Mar. 20, 10, 20, 20, 30, 20, 10, 24, Mar. 30, '64 Mar. Mar. Mar . Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Mar. Sept. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Sept. Mar. '64 Drafted— disch. by G. C, June 1, 1865. '64 Drafted— disch. by G. O., June 1, 1865. '64 Drafted— disch. by G. O., June 1, 1865. '64 Drafted— disch. by G. O., June 1, 1865. '64 Wounded— died July 3. 1864. '64 Drafted— disch. by G. O., June 1, 1865. '65 Substitute— mus. out with Co., July 30, '65. '64 Wounded June 18, 1864— Trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, June 19. 1865. '61 Trans, to U. S. Cavalry, Oct. 28, 1862, "61 Disch. on Surg, certificate. '64 Drafted— mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865. '6,5 Substitute — mus.out wiili Co., July 30, '65. '62 Mustered out Feb. 20, 1864— exp. of term. '64 Disch. by G. O., June 3, 1865— wounded May 12, 1864. Wounded May 6, 1864 — transferred to Vet. Res. Corps, Jan. 7, 1865. Substitute. Substitute. Substitute. Trans, to U. S. Cavalry, Oct. 28, 1862. Discharged by order Genl. C. M., 1862. Disch. on Surg, certificate. Died in Mississippi, 1863. Drafted— disch. by G. O., June 1, 1865. Substitute. Cap. May 12, 1864— died Aug. 25, 1864. Substitute- 2, "65 11, '65 14, '65 '61 '61 '61 '61 20, '64 14, '65 '61 29, '64 26, '64 13, '65 Substitute— mus.out with Co., July 30, '65. 8, '65lSubstitute— mus.out with Co., July 30, '65. '61 ! Disch. on Sura:, certificate. 8, '64 Mar. 8, '64 Feb. Sept. Sept. Sept. Mar. Sept. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. ]\Iar. Sept. Sept. 10. Wounded Mav6. 1864 — disch. onSurgeons certificate. Feb. 11, 1865. Wounded May 9, 1864— disch. by G. O., May 16, 1865. Disch. on Surg, certificate. Disch. on Surg, certificate. Mustered out witli company, July 30, '65. Mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865— Vet. Mus. out with company, July 30, 1865. Substitute — mus. out to date, July 30, '65 Cap. May 12— dis. by G. O., Aug. 18, 1865. Substitute — mus.out with Co., July 30, "65 Drafted— disch. by G. O., June 1, 1865. Disch. by G. O., June 12, 1865— Vet. Drafted— disch. by G. O , June 1, 1865. Draftf d— disfh. by G. O., June 1, 1865. Killed May 12, 1864. Killed May 12, 1864. Substitute. Substitute. Substitute. Died on Steam'p Ocean Queen, Oct. 28, '61. Discliarged on Surgeon's certificate. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. COMPANY G CONTINUED. 23? Scriven, Edward. . . . Strope, Wni Shafifer. Alex. H.... Smith, Geo Slawson, Edward. . . Thompson, Tim. S. Thompson, John... Towner, Philander. Tompkins, Ira A. . . Towner, Douglas. . Uncal, Jacob Vanderpool, Simon. Vanderpool, Moses. Vincent, Wm Wellor, Geo Wright, Jas Wilcox, Freeman.. . Waid, Isaac Woods, Geo, A Warner, Nelson E . Warner, Fletcher G Williams, Geo. II.. . Wilier, Smith Wood, John S Wood, Danl. B Young, Lewis A. . . RANK. Private. DATE OP MUSTEr Sept. Sept. Sept. Oct. 2, '61 "61 •61 '61 Mar. 1, '62 Sept. Sept. Sept. 20, 20, '64 '64 '61 Sept. Sept. Mar. 15. '61 •61 ■65 Mar. 30, '64 Mar. 31, •64 Sept. '61 Mar. 23, '64 Mar. 8, •65 Mar. 31. '64 Sept. 20, '64 Mar. 15, •65 Sept. '61 Mar. 20, '62 Sept. •61 Sept. •61 Sept. '61 Scot. '61 Mar. 31, "64 Died at Annapolis, Md., Oct. 28, 1861. Promoted to Hospital Steward, Sept., "61. Drafted — dis. on Surg, cert., Feb. 14. ^65. Drafted— disch. by G. O., June 1, 1865. Disch. on Surg. cert. — wounded June 7, 1862, Aug. 30, 1862— dis. Jan. 15, 1H63. Wounded Aug. 28, 1862, and captured. Wounded June 7, 1862— died June 12, '62. Substitute— mus out with Co., July 30, •65. Killed May 12, 1864. Wounded May 6, 1864— trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, .Jan 7, 1865. Supposed to have been killed while going from Vicksburg, Miss., to Covington, Ky., afterward returned home. Mus. out with company, July 30. 1865. Substitute — mu.s.out with Co. , July 30, '65. Trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. Jan. 19, 1865. Drafted— died Oct. 27, 18<;4. Substitute. Trans, to U. S. Cavalry, O. t. 28, 1862. Disch. on Surg. cert. — wd. ,^ept. 17, iy62. Drowned in tlie Potomac about Aug. 1, '62. Died in 1862, at Crab Orchard Ky. Disch. on Surg, cert.— wd. Ma;> 29, 1862— discharged. Trans, to U. S. Cavalry, Oct. 28, 1862. Wounded May 6, 1864— disch. by G. O., July 18, 1865. Fifty-second Regiment — This was one of the sixteen regiments of the TIeserves organized in July, 1861. The company organizations were in July, and the regimental m October. In this command wasa full com- ])any, Oa])t. Green leaf P. Davis' Company E, and a part of Company F, that had been recruited in Bradford county by Treat B. Camp and Ivans(»m Luther. Ex-Gov. Henry M. Hoy t succeeded John C. Dodge, Jr., as colonel of this regiment, promoted from lieutenant-colonel, January 9. 1864. Roster of Company E: Ca))t. Greenleaf P. Davis resigned ]Vovember 7, 1863, and Hannibal D. Weed became captain December 21, 1863. W. S. Lewis, discharged by special order, Ajiril 6. 1862; Hiram A. Weed, promoted to first lieutenant and dismissed March 24, 1864; Silas A. Bunyan^ first lieutenant by promotion from the ranks, died at Ciiarlestoh, July 4, 1864, of wounds received at Fort John.son. July 4, 1864 ; Charles R. Kenyon. promoted from sergeant to first lieutenant October 1, 1864, commissioned captain Company G, June 1, 1865; Harrison Ross, promoted to sergeant and then to second lieutenant September 22, 1862, resigned November 11, 1863; Edward J. Stratton, jiromoted from sergeant to second lieutenant June 3, 1864; Alvin Savles, promoted to second lieutenant June 3, 1864. 13 238 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Company F: James Cook, captain, resigned October 21, 1863 ; Treat B. Camp, promoted to captain October 22, 1863 ; Burton K. (lustin, promoted to first-lieutenant December 21,1863; Charles E. Britton, promoted to first-lieutenant June 3, 1865 ; Hansom W. Luther, second-lieutenant, resigned June 21, 1862 ; Nelson Orchard, promoted to second-lieutenant September 27,1862, dismissed September 13, 1863; Alson Secor, promoted to second-lieutenant March 27, 1864. Fifty-seixmtliReglment. — This had two full companies from Brad- ford and a portion of another compan}'^ recruited by Jeremiah Culp, who became major, and was killed at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. Sam- uel C. Simonton was promoted from captain of Company B to major June 1, 1862; discharged for wounds January 17, 1863. Samuel Bryan was promoted from captain to major April 1, 1865. Roster of OiScers, Company B: Samuel C. Simonton, first cap- tain, promoted to major; John W. Gillispie, promoted from second lieutenant to captain, discharged October 23, 1863 ; George W. Perkins, promoted from adjutant to captain. May 2, 1864, and to lieutenant-colonel, March 19,1865; Israel Garretson promoted to quartermaster August 15, 1862; Thomas O. Callamore, promoted to first lieutenant October 1, 1862, resigned May 31, 1863; Daniel C. Comstock promoted to first lieutenant November 25, 186i; James Burns promoted to second lieutenant January 7, 1863. William H. Bell, promoted to second lieutenant June 7, 1865. Roster of officers, Companx' G: George S. Peck, captain, resigned September 22, 1862; Samuel Bryan, captain, promoted to major April 1, 1865 ; Charles W. Forrester, captain, promoted to captain and A. A. G. ; Daniel Mehan, first lieutenant, September 4, 1861, pro- moted to captain Company H, May 20, 1862; James M. Darling, pro- moted to captain Company H, January 24, 1863 ; David Larrish, first lieutenant October 17,1864; Mort B. Owen, second lieutenant Sep- tember 4, 1861, resigned October 16, 1862; Joseph II. More, second lieutenant November 1, 1864. Seventh Qavalry — Eighteenth Regiment. — Comj^any C in the regi- ment was recruited in Bradford and Tioga counties. One Hundred and Sixtli Regiment. — Capt. Samuel H. Newman's Company D was assigned to this regiment — the command mustered in August 27, 1861. In this regiment, in Companies C, Hand I were also many Bradford county men. Capt. Newman was discharged on sur- geon's certificate, July 19, 1862 ; William N. Jones, captain July 26, 1862; John Irwin, promoted from second to first lieutenant July 26. 1862. commissioned captain Company B, June 22, 1864, and transferred to Companv K; Joshua A. Gage promoted to second lieutenant July 26, 1862, ki'lled at Spottsylvania Court House, May 12, 1864. FAeMntli Cai)aln/--One Jlioidrcd and Ei(/7dhRef/iiiietit. — Orig- inally known as " Harlan's Light Cavalry," recruited during August and September, 1861. Company F, Capt. Newberry E. Calkins, from Bradford county, resigned March 4, 1862; Capt. Benj. B. Mitchell succeeded March 13, 1862, continued to end of term. Thornton J. p]lliott became captain November 6, 1864. David O. Tears promoted from second to first lieutenant March 13, 1862; killed at Ream's Sta- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 339 tion June 29, 1864. William S. Spalding by promotions from rank to first lieutenant November 6, 1864. Philip A. Palmer promoted to first lieutenant June 30, 1864. John V. Piclvering promoted to second lieutenant November 4, 1864. One Hundred and Thirty-second liegiment.—^ine months' men; recruited in July and August, 1862, and had two companies from Brad- ford county. This regiment lost thirty killed, one hundred and four- teen wounded, eight missing; among the killed were Col. Oakford and Lieut. Anson C. Cranmer. The regiment greatly distinguished itself at the battle of Fredericksburg. The companies from this county were Company C, Capt. Herman Townsend, discharged on surgeon's certifi- cate January 10, 1863; Capt. Charles M. Dougal succeeded same date; James A. Rogers promoted to first lieutenant January 10, 1863; Anson C. Cranmer, second lieutenant, killed at Antietam September IT, 1862: Company D, Capt. Charles II. Chase, resigned December (>, 1862; Capt. William H. Carnochan promoted from lieutenant, November 29, 1862; Charles E. Gladding, first lieutenant; J. W. Brown, second lieutenant, August 11,1862; F. Marion Wells promoted to second lieutenant, December 6, 1862, wounded, with loss of leg at Chancellorsville. (hie Hundred and Thirtij-seventli Regiment. — Nine months' men ; had one company from Bratlford county. Company I, Capt. Thomas McFarland, commissioned August 26, 1862, resigned January 10, 1863, succeeded by W. F. Johnson; Joseph G. Isenberg, promoted from second to first lieutenant Januar}^ 11, 1863 ; John L. May pro- moted to second lieutenant Januaiy 11, 1863. (hie Hundred and Forty-^first liee/inient. — More than any other, this was a Bradford countv regiment. Recruiting commenced for this regiment Avith a view of raising everv man from this countv, and had it been possible to give them a little more time, this w^ould have been done. Seven full companies were Bradford men, and the other three from Susquehanna and Wa3^ne counties. Chaplain David Craft has written and published an elaborate history of the regiment, a fitting and enduring monument to as brave a band as ever went forth to do battle for freedom's cause. Their record covers thirty three battles, and on more than one occasion they were sent in front of the army, to gain, at the bayonet's point, a footing where they could, and did protect the army's advance, as at the celebrated "mud march" of Gen. Ilurn- side's; this regiment alone crossed the river, carried the opposite heights at the point of the bayonet, ;iiid held the crest of the hill in order that the army might cross in safety. They were thus sent again and again into the "imminent deadly breach" and never faltered, never serioush' wavered, and theirs is the story of decimation and death, paralleled by few, excelled by none in the great army, where were millions of trained veterans. The regimental colors, all tattered and torn, were flaunted always defiantly in the face of the enemy; were never trailed, and, as they promised Gov. Curtin when they received them at his hands, were protected witii their lives, and aie now in the State De- partment, the mute but glorious testimony of the death-bravery of their custodians in war. Two-thirds of the men on its rolls carrying 240 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. muskets perished that their coimtry might live — a greater loss, as is shown l)y the official reports, than was sustained b}' any of the many regiments in the war, save one only, and that one particular regiment entered the service with a greater numerical force. On July 2, 1862, the President issued his proclamation calling for three hundred thousand men. Now was real war "in battles mag- nificently stern array." One thousand of these men w^ere Bradford's quota. The national outlook Avas gloomy, and on even children's faces came the hard lines and troubled looks. A meeting was called at Towanda July 19, following. Speeches and resolutions were had look- ing to the speedy enlistment of the required number for the county, and the meeting suggested that the townships should open recruiting offices, and when companies were formed all should be organized into a Bradford county regiment. Early in August a meeting was held in Terrytown, addressed by Guy H. Watkins, a rising young attorney of Towanda. August 4th, a meeting was held in Wyalusing, the principal speaker being Hon. George Landon, one of the ablest popular orators in Bradford count\', and at once fiTty men were enrolled. The first compan}' of this regi- ment was fornied August 14. 1862, the outcome of the Wyalusing meeting, and represented Wyalusing. Ilerrick, Tuscarora, Terry and Wilmot townships. A small local bounty had been ])rovided for each man, as well as a Bible and a well filled needle-book. The company marched out from Wyalusing on the fourteenth ; stopped for dinner at Towanda, and here at the court house a company organization was effected: Capt. George W. Jackson [both fight and patriotism in that name]; Joseph II. Ilorton, first lieutentant ; William T. Horton, second lieutenant. In the afternoon the company proceeded to Can- ton, camped for the night, and the next day reached Ilarrisburg. The non-commissioned officers of the comi)any were: Sergeants, Austin D. JefTers. Joseph II. Hurst, Thomas R. 'Miles, Nathaniel P. Moody, James V-au Auken; corporals, Martin B. Ryder, Erastus S. Gregory, Noble J. Gaylord, Edwin M. White, Jackson C. Lee, George II. P>irney, James W. Alderson, Isaac F. Johnson ; musicians, John O. Frost and Edward A. Lord. Including the non-commissioned officers, the company numbered ninety -seven men, and being first was Com- pany "A." Company B. — During the early ])art of August, William T. Davies, a law student of Towanda, and Henry Keeler, of Wyalusing, began making enlistments in Warren and Pike townships. At the same time Guy LI. Watkins, brother-in-law of Davies, and Benjamin M. Peck, were enlisting men in the Towandas. When a number sufficient for a compau}^ was secured, a meeting was held at Towanda. August 13th, and an organization effected as follows: Captain, Guy H, Watkins; first lieutenant, William T. Davies; second lieutenant, Henry Keeler; sergeants. Joseph S. Lock wood, W^illiam Jones, Mar- tin O". Codding, Ephraim D. Robbins and Jesse P. Carl, who Avas suc- ceeded at Camp Curtin by Benjamin M. Peck; corporals, Andrew St. John, Amasa Wood. George D. Crandall, James Goodell. John Keeney, Josiah A. Bosworth, Homer H. Stevens and Charles H. Cran- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 241 dall ; Frank J. N'^a.iulerpool and Henry \V. J>ro\vn, musicians. Non- commissioned officers and men, ninety-eiglit. Company C. — At the same time as the above, Rev. A. J. Swart, of Overton, was enlisting men at his place and Liberty Corners, Macedo- nia antl Franklin townshii)s, while W. J. Cole was enlisting- men about Macedonia and George W. Kilmer was enlisting men from Asylum and Liberty Corners. As early as the Tth of August it was ascertained they had men enough to form a company. A meeting was called at Monroeton, and the following officers elected : Captain, A. J. Swart; William J. Cole, first lieutenant, and H. G. Golf, second lieutenant. It is proper to state that G. W. Kilmer esteemed himself too young to accept office, and therefore declined when offered a commission. Th(^ company was mustered at Harrisburg, August 25. Sergeants, W. W. Goff, George C. Beardsley, Bishop Horton and A. R. Coolbaugh; cor{)orals, John Chapman, George Owen, Charles S. Brown, Hiram Cole, Daniel Shoonover, Moses Coolbaugh, John Rockwell and Jerry ILakes. Company had eighty-nine men. Gompmiy 1). — Commencing with August, Morgan Lewis, of Orwell, began enlisting men by virtue of a commission he had received from Gov. Curtin, and he soon had seventy-five \\\qw from Windham, Her- rick, Orwell, and Rome. At the same time Thomas Ryon, a young Towanda lawyer, was recruiting men in Burlingtonand the west sideof the county, and had secured twenty -two men. The men met at the court- house, Towanda, August 15 and organized: Captain, Morgan Lewis, but he declined the great responsibility, and, at his urgent solicitation, Isaac A. Park became captain; first lieutenant, Thomas Ryon ; sec- ond lieutenant, Morgan Lewis. The medical examiners rejected nine- teen of the men. And the joke on the examiners was that these nineteen men were accepted by the same board the very next day, when they had joined other commands. Mr. Ryon secured other recruits from Burlington for the men rejected. The non-commissioned officers: Sergeants, Marcus E. Warren, Henry J. Hudson, George Wilson, Charles J. Estabrook and David C. Palmer; corporals, William Howe, Simeon G. Rockwell, Charles B. Hunt, Charles E. Seeley, Robert Nichols, Elijah A. Mattison, David Benjamin and William Hewitt; hospital steward, Isaac S. Clark. Company E. — This was known as Athens Company, though recruited there and in surrounding townshij)s. Joseph B. Reeve, of Athens, was recruiting in this borough and in Litchfield ; George C. Page, a farmer of Athens township, was recruiting among the farmers, and in Ulster and Sheshequin, while John F. Clark, of Burlington, was enlisting men about him. The different squads met in Athens, August 16, to form a company: Captain, Joseph B. Reeve ; first lieutenant, John F. Clark ; second lieutenant, George C. Page ; sergeants, Stephen Evans, Tracy S. Knapp, Mason Long, William S. Wright and William Carner ; corporals, Orlando Loomis. James W. Clark, Alonzo D. Beech, Otis A. Jakway, Charles McNeal, William R. Campbell, Charles T. Hull, Rus- sell R. Ciaflin and Handford D. Kinney. At the organization Col. C. F. Welles invited the " bovs " to his oflfice, and gave each man ^5. The 342 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. company left Athens on the 18th, and were mustered at Harrisburg- August 25. Company I. — This was recruited by Sheriff Spalding and his brother, Israel P. Spalding, mostly in Wysox, Rome and Litclifield townships. The men met in Towanda on August 12 and organized : Cap- tain, Israel P. Spalding; first lieutenant, Edwin A. Spalding, and sec- ond lieutenant, Charles Mercur. On the organization of the regiment Capt. Israel P. S[)alding was elected major, and E. A. Spalding became captain ; Mercur, first lieutenant, and John G. Brown, second lieuten- ant ; sergeants, John S. Frink, William Bostwick, John D. Bloodgood, Truxton Havens, George F. Reynolds; corporals, John E. Gillett, F. Cortes Rockwell, Stephen L. Clark, John M. Dunham, Orrin C. Tay- lor, James Lunger, Eugene L. Lent, John Turnbull ; wagoner, Daniel Lamphier. Total, eighty-five enlisted men. August 18 the company again assembled in Towanda, and, with Companies Band D. left the next day for Harrisburg. Company K. — James K. AVright, whose three sons were in the service, and, though ageing, yet he commenced enlisting in Smith field, and, securing the required number, started for Camp Curtin. When he reached Troy, his men were told of the larger bounty offered in New York, and about one-half of them left him, hut he went on with the remainder to Harrisburg. After reaching the rendezvous, two squads from Sullivan county, one from Dushore, under John S. Dief- enbach, and the other from La Porte, under Henry R. Dunham, were united Avith Wright's men, and a full company formed. Captain, Jason K.Wright; first lieutenant, Henry R. Durham; second lieutenant, John S. Diefenbach; sergeants, Beebe Jerould, Aurelius J. Adams, Wallace Scott, Daniel W. Scott; corporals, Charles W. Smith, Calvin C. Chamberlain, Gordon T. Wilcox, Wallace W. Farnsworth, George W. Pennington, William Rogers, Nathan S. Brown, William R. Smalle}'; wagoner, William H. D. Green, The three remaining companies, owing to the emergency of the hour, were not Bradford county men. Time was so important that Companies F and H were taken from Susquehanna county, and Com- pany G from Wayne county. Could a little more time have been oiven, the countv would have raised the full regiment. The commissioned officers met August 28 to organize the regiment, and Maj. Henry J. Madill, already in the service in the Sixth Reserve, was unanimously chosen colonel. He had already made a brilliant army record, but now it may be well said that he had entered upon a career that will forever remain pre-eminent in the annals of war. Capt. Guy H. Watkins was chosen lieutenant-colonel; Capt. Israel P. Spalding, major; adjutant, Daniel W. Searls, who was first lieu- tenant of Company I; quartermaster, Robert N. Torrey ; surgeon, Ezra P. Allen, but by mistake commissioned assistant-surgeon ; assistant-surgeon, William Church, but commissioned surgeon ; Rev. David Craft, chaplain ; sergeant-majors, Charles D. Cash , Henry U. Jones and Joseph G. Fell. A total of 917 non-commissioned officers and men. Eoster, Field and Staff. — Henry J. Madill, colonel, September 5, HISTORY OF HRADFORD COUNTY. 243 1862; brevet brigadier-general, December 2, 1864; brevet major general, March 13, 1865 ; wounded at Petersburg, April 2, 1865. Guy H, Watkins, lieutenant-colonel, August 22,1802; promoted from captain; wounded and captured at Chancellorsville, May 3,1863; killed at Petersburg, June 18, 1864. Casper W. Tyler, j^romoted from captain to major June 22, 1864 ; to lieutenant-colonel julv 4, 1864; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 1, 1865. Joseph H. Horton, lieutenant-colonel, promoted from captain March 18, 1865. Israel P. Spalding, promoted from captain to major December 10, 1862; died July 28, of wounds received July 2 at Get- tysburg. Charles Mercur, promoted from captain to major February 28, 1865. Daniel W. Searle, adjutant, wounded July 2 at Gettysburg; discharged on surgeon's certilicate June 2, 1864. Elisha Brainard, adjutant, promoted July 1,1864. Robert W. Torrey, quartermaster, discharged on certificate October 24, 1864. Charles D. Cash, quarter- master, promoted from sergeant major June 24, 1865. William Church, surgeon, promoted from assistant surgeon One Hundred and Tenth P.V., September 2, 1862; discharged September 22, L864. Fred C. Dennison, surgeon, promoted December 3, 1864. Ezra P. Allen, assistant-surgeon, promoted to surgeon of the Eighty- third P. y. December 13, 1862. John W. Thompson, assistant- surgeon, died Jul}'' 4, 1864. Wellington G. Beyerle, assistant- surgeon, promoted December 27, 1864. David Craft, chaplain, dis- charged on surgeon's certificate Februar}' 11, 1863. Andrew Barr, chaplain, died at Coatsville, Pa., April 11, 1864. Lilburn J. Rob- bins, sergeant-majoi'. Henry U. Jones, promoted to first lieutenant Company B, December 5, 1863. Joseph G. Fell, sergeant-major, died of wounds received at Gettysburg,. July 2, 1863. Martin O. Codding, quartermaster-sergeant, second lieutenant Company C, April 19, 1865. C. J. Estabrook, commissary-sergeant, and Isaac S. Clark, commissarv- sergeant. Isaac S. Clark, hospital steward ; Michael G. Hill and Gil- bert B. Stewart, musicians. Company A. — Capt. George W. Jackson, resigned October 31, 1862. Capt. Joseph H. Horton, wounded at Spottsylvania C. H., May 12, 1864 ; promoted to lieutenant-colonel March 18, 1865. Capt. Joseph H. Hurst, commissioned April 1, 1865, wounded at Chancel- lorsville May 3, 1363; at Spottsylvania C. H. May 12, 1864. First Lieut. James W. Anderson, commissioned April 22, 1865. Second Lieut. William T. Horton, discharged on surgeon's certificate Decem- ber 22, 1862. Second Lieut. James Van Auken, killed at Morris Farm, Va., November 27, 1863. Company B. — Capt. Guy H. Watkins [record given above]. Capt. William T. Davies (Lieutenant-Governor), promoted September 1, 1862; discharged on surgeon's certificate May 23, 18<>3. Capt. Benj. M. Peck (President Judge), commissioned captain December 5, 1863 ; wounded at Chancellorsville May 3, 1863. First Lieut. Henry Keeler, discharged on surgeon's certificate February 9, 1863. Henr}'^ U, Jones, first lieutenant, commissioned December 5, 1863. Company C. — Capt. Abraham J. Swart, killed at Chancellorsville 244 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, May 3, 1863. Capt. William J. Cole, wounded at Chancellorsville May 3, 1863; promoted to captain December, 5, 1863; discharged on surgeon's certificate June 27, 1864. Ca[)t. George W. Kilmer, pro- moted from sergeant to first lieutenant December 5, 1863; to captain August 8, 1864; prisoner from October 27, 1864, to April 14, 1865. Second lieutenant, Harry G. Goff. Co7n2Mny D. — Capt. Isaac A. Park, discharged April 22, 1863. Capt. Thomas Ryon, promoted December 26, 1863 ; discharged August 6, 1864. Capt. Marcus E. Warner, promoted to captain December 20, 1864. First Lieut. Henry J. Hudson, promoted Febru- ary 14, 1865. Second Lieut. Morgan Lewis, promoted August 23, 1862; discharged February 10, 1863. (Jompany E. — Capt. Joseph B. Reeve; resigned December 10, 1862. Capt. John F.Clark; resigned June 16, 1864. Capt. Mason Long, promoted to Captain December 20, 1864. First Lieut. Stephen Evans; resigned November 3,1863. First Lieut. John M. Jackson, promoted January 24, 1865; wounded at Chancellorsville May 3, 1863. Second Lieut. George C. Page; resigned December 29, 1862. Company I. — Capt. Israel P. Spalding ; promoted to major, December 10, 1862. Capt. Edwin A. Spalding; wounded at Chancel- lorsville. May 3, 1863, and at Wilderness, Ma}^ 5, 1864. Capt. John G. Brown, promoted captain, January 24, 1865; wounded a*: Gettys- burg, Julv 2, 1863. First Lieut. Charles Mercur; transferred to Company K, January 5, 1863. J'irst Lieut. John S. Frink, promoted January" 24, 1865. Company K. — Capt. Jason K. Wright, resigned December 2, 1862. Capt. Charles Mercur, promoted to major February 28, 1865. First Lieut. Henry R. Dunham, discharged on surgeon's certificate Decem- ber 9,1862.*^ First Lieut. Beebe Jerould, promoted December 5,1863. Second Lieut. John S. Diefenbach, died October 11, 1862. Seventeeth Cavalry Regiment. — Under the President's call of July 2, 1862, Pennsylvania was required to furnish three cavalry regiments. This was one oi those regiments organized October 18, 1862. Company D. — This was from Bradford and Susquehanna counties. Capt. Charles Ames, resigned May 22, 1863; Capt. Warren F. Siinrall. First Lieut. Charles F. Willard ; succeeded by Johnson Rogers. Second Lieut. Stanley M. Mitchell. One Hundred and Seventy-first Regiment. — (Nine months) drafted militia, was called into service in 1862. Four companies, B, C, D and G were mostly from Bradford county. Theophilus Humphrey, of Brad- ford, was made lieutenant-colonel.' The regiment was in no important engagement ; was most of the time in North Carolina. Company B. — Capt. Ulysses E. Llorton. First Lieut. William Jen- ings. Second Lieut. William J. Brown. Company C — Capt. William B. Hall, resigned. Capt. C. E. Wood, promoted April 11, 1863. First Lieut. Sanderson P. Stacey. Second Lieut. James H. Yan Ness. Company i>.— Capt. Minier H. Hinman. First Lieut. Hiram A. Black. Second Lieut. Loomis B. Camp. ^r .jj^%^- 'rt^/i^ ' ' i-^^^i.A-e-'Y^ HISTORY OF BRADFORD COTNTY. 247 Company ^r.— Capt. Albeit Judson, First Lieut. Samuel C. Robl>, Second Lieut. Samuel B. Pettingell. Two Hundred and Seventh Regiment. — One 3'ear's service, organized September 8, 1864. No separate company was organized from Brad- foixl county, but there were men from here in companies B, E and G, Militia of 1S62. — The threatened invasion of the State caused the Governor to call out all the able-bodied men to arm and prepare for defense. September 10 the invaders appeared in Mar^^land. Ever}' man was to prepare to march at an hour's notice. The notice to report at once came to Bradford county on the 10th, and on Monday follow- ing four full companies were on their way to Harrisburg, as follows: Capt. E. O. Goodrich's from Towanda, Capt. J. W. Evans' from Athens, Capt. Gorham's from Wvalusing and Pike, and Capt. Daniel Wilcox's from Canton. In the meantime Gen. McClellan had been recalled to the command, and fought the battle of Antietam, but the emer- gency passed and the men returned to their homes. These soldiers were out only ten days. Emergency Men, 1863. — In June, 1863, Lee commenced his invasion that culminated and ended with the battle of Gettvsburg July 1. 2 and 0. The Government called for 50,000 men from Pennsv^lvania to serve six months unless sooner discharged. A company of the Twentv- sixth Regiment, under this call, Ca[)t. Warner H.'Carnochan, was enlisted at Troy, and at once saw severe service in the preliminary skirmishes around Gettysburg. Capt. Carnochan and a part of his men were captured. In the Thirtieth Regiment was Capt. S. H. Newman's company, of Canton. They encountered no serious service. Governor's' Call. — On the 30th of June, 1863, Gov. Curtin issued a supplemental call for 60,000 additional men — ninety days. Under this call two companies Avere raised in Bradford county, and assigned to the Thirty-fifth Regiment. This is the brief outline of the organization of tiie Bradford county men in the Civil War; the beginning of the sacritlce in behalf of the Union. Their record in the field, in sieges and battles, is that of the war from the first to the end. Like every count}^ in the Union the peo- ple were all deeply in the sacrifice ; home ties were sundered and lives were the sacrifice. On both sides nearl}' four million of men were in some wa,y identified with the army in the field, while each man left behind him anxious and bruised hearts, whose morning and evenino- prayers went out in behalf of " the boys" at the front. When the war'- burst came it sent its terrible thrill to every hamlet and cross-roads in the land — meetings assembled in every county, at every church and school-house. While men were frenzied with the ringing call to arms, but few to any extent realized the situation in its full force, the unthinking regarded it as a mere passing storm, and welcomed it as a purifier of the elements, and going to the war more as a recreation for a few days than anything very serious. There were thousands of men. North and South, who at the preceding election had deliberately voted with the full knowledge that they were casting a ballot for war ; their philosophy was, and you can yet "hear this said, that there were irrecon- 248 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. cilable differences between the sections of the Union and that war only could settle it permanentlj^; that as war was inevitable, then the sooner it came the better. " It had to be" is to this day the judgment of many. The only people who were agreed in all the preliminaries before the rise of the curtain were the Fire Eaters of the South and the High Law fanatics of the North. Both hated the Constitution as our great Fathers made it. One because it recognized African slavery ; tlie other because it bound them to the section where ran the many parallel lines of the Underground Railroad. The intelligent Abolitionist believed that war was the only destroyer of the institu- tion of slavery, and he was consistently for war ; the slaveholder believed that with a separation of the sections a foreign nation would not encourage the theft of his slave property ; and the average South- ern man, deep in his soul, believed that the loss of the slaves would be the doom of the South; they argued that the whole South and its splendid wealth and prosperity was based on slave labor, and with that gone, as their country was unsuited to white labor, as they supposed, it must lapse into a primitive waste and wilderness. The same con- tingent of demagogues, North and South, were playing their selfish part in the preliminaries of the life-and-death struggle. A chronic average office-seeker is always for his own selfish interests first, last and always. The liberality of these men in dispensing solicitude in behalf of hoped- for- voters pales the whole world's Christian charit}'. Jeff Davis was a characteristic American demagogue — that is all. The onl}^ place he deserves in history is silent contempt; in the great highway of civili- zation he was a mere toad or wart, and while called a statesman was as ignorant of that science as a Choctaw Indian ; he should be written as a specimen of "great war-times-men,'" who are great solely because they were figureheads when many of their betters were cutting each other's throats. Had the South now its coveted separation, all the same, their chieftan would have been a cheap fraud — a dirty fetich and nothing more. This is not kicking the dead lion, because it was a ground-hog and not a lion by any means. Morth and South the cheap demagogue was a part of the play ; generall}'^ he was the one-eyed fiddler in the dance of death, and he pipf^d his soulful strains to the pea- nut galler}^ ; it was the rarest accident when he was found at the front with a musket ; but behind the mountains, firing his jaw, he was not only brave but a terror — an animal this country has coddled and bred until they can show blinding pedigrees. The thoroughbred demagogue and the man who sells his vote for a drink are Siamese twins — they are for or against war, drouth or chinch bugs as it happens ; great in loud pretensions, and the vilest of snobs by instinct and education. As related in tiie opening of this chapter, when the direful news came of Fort Sumter the people spontaneously came together to hear war speeches. A great county meeting was held in Towanda in 1862 ; the hey-day of war had now passed away, and bitter tears coursed their way down the cheeks of many of the mothers and wives of the land. The battle and mob rout of Bull Run had passed into history, and the black war-cloud lowered over the Nortii. At this meeting the one purpose was to raise recruits for the army. It was plain that HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 249 there were hundreds of men eager to go and would go if only there was a way to keep their families from starving in their absence. The county had no ready mone\' on hand, nor was there any provision in the law to provide for or give it. At this meeting the County Com- missioners in conjunction with the Associate Court Judges were appealed to, to act and take the chances on the Legislature approving .their action. They agreed to borrow the money, and certain citizens gave them an indemnity note agreeing to pay the money back to the county if the Legislature refused to legalize their action. In this way every volunteer was paid $'25 when enlisting out of the $20,500 ad- vanced by citizens, as follows : B. S. Ilussell ife Co., $12, .500 ; David Wilmot, "$500; Pomeroy Bros., $5,000; M. C. Mercur, $500; John Passmore, $5(H»; John Adams, $500 ; GeoFge Landon, $500 ; N. N. Betts, $500. Each one of the Bradford men in the One Hundred and Fortv-first Eegiment was paid $25 from this fund. The pavments to soldiers were as follows : 1861, $2,459.99 ; 1862, $900.37 ; 1863, $17,- 981.44; 1864, $1,555; 1865, $673.30; 1866, $450; 1868, $25; 1870, $25, and 1876, $50— total, $22,118.10. There are now within the county, according to official returns, 2,457 old soldiers and soldiers* widows. The once active mailed millions are slowly fading awav, gathering bevond for the last roll call. CHAPTER XIII. INTELLECTUAL PROGRESS IN THE COUNTY. Introductory — Republican-Federalists and Republican-Demo- crats — Political Questions — Newspaper and Other Advance- ments — Miscellaneous. " — A few agree To call it freedom when themselves are free." A MERE compilation of the records is not exactly what is at this day required of even the local historian. The genealogies, tradi- tions and recorded facts are interesting and valuable matter, and deserve the most careful preservation. These things can not be too full and explicit. Of themselves, however, they are not true history, but rather materials in the hands of the historian. The truth is real history in an account of cause and effect ; the growth and s])read of new ideas, cus- toms, habits and laws; the why and wherefore of the movements of men's minds. The first essential in the hunt for cause and effect, tracing them with any certainty, is time or permanency in their appli- cation ; the next important item is numbers or quantity. The great law of averages must have full play, and this beautiful and unvar3nng principle can have no application to one or two or three, or scarcely any to one hundred or one thousand, instances or persons. Thus in a 250 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. hu'»e number of people, existing socially and politicall.y, for a long time as a distinct body, there is necessarily a true science in the study of all their movements. This real history is the true philosophx' of the movements of the human mind ; too abstruse often to be per- ceived by even the ablest historian, while the mere annalist is content to simply give dates and records, with no attention whatever to the deeper truths of the study. Yet a familv, even an individual, may be truly historical. The permanent effects of a single person's life may be great, either for good or bad, and thus he may give influences that shape history, but the effects even here flow out upon the many, and in the long lapse of years. It is a modern growth, the idea that historv deals mostly with things that are somewhat permanent in. their effects, and passes lightly by those things, however notable or notorious in their time, that are but transient in their influences. A great battle may mean very little, compared to Fulton's steamboat ; the battle of Waterloo was as the death of a house fly to the discovery of Columbus. This, like all thoughts that are new, has had a slow growth ; it has 'yet to dawn upon the average mind, but that it will come in time in all its fullness need not be doubted ; that pretty much all history is a true account of the struggle in the world that has gone on and will go on between right and wrong — truth and error — ignorance and knowledge ; that rather frightful picture of the conditions of mankind given us by the most modern schools of philosophy wherein men are caged beasts for- ever fighting and struggling and only '' the fittest survive " is most true. After all, this is but a new form of expressing the old truth that right and wrong must be at perpetual war, and in that war truth is always in the minority, and ignorance and wrong are not onl}^ in an overwhelming majority, but are panoplied in power, and are supreme and pitiless. Ignorant force organizes armies and levies war, and to-day it has made of Europe a vast military encampment; and cruel, cruel Russia has liberated its millions of serfs, and made many more millions of its people political prisoners, suspects, and the most wretched of sufferers. The world's scandal, its unspeakable monster to-day. is Russia, religious Russia, educated Russia and its public and compulsor}' schools, its freed serfs and its Kremlin and cathedrals and Siberia. The concensus of mankind should rise up and blot out that infernal despotism. It is a wrong that has slowly grown and fattened on its cruelties; and now that the usurper can usurp no farther, like all wrong it reacts as well on the government itself as it has for centuries inflicted its cruelties on the people. Yet " truth is might}' and will prevail," but there need be no reference to the long, long time that must elapse before there comes about any noticeable " pre- vailing'' of limping and slow-going truth or justice. Another form of stating this "struggle," is that of "precedent and doubt." Every oppressor and every usurper clings to precedent, while every movement toward liberty is preceded by doubts as to the wisdom of precedent. Hence, we find the tyrant always vigorously suppress- ing doubt — outlawing and turning loose upon it his armed police, and in the end his army, where there are no William Tells when ordered to HISTORY OF BRADFOKD COUNTY. '^51 fire. The Czar a prisonei' — a miserable nightmare, trembling in fear, immured in the great palace walls, driven b}^ his phantoms to madness; his condition might call down the pity of his dumb brutes ; and at the other end are his miserable subjects in the mines, in the gloomy iron casements, driven through the winters storm where men, women and children — the most pitiful sight beneath the bending heavens — are shot down or bayoneted orknouted,and by the long wayside are dying and freezing. Here is wrong and usurpation ripened to the full, and commencing with the Czar and running through all classes is but an unending horror. This is all the dreadful handiw^ork of ignorant ambition — grasping for power, greed for supposed greatness, ambition to be the great rulers, has in time brought these Dead Sea apples to both King and subject — the whole group is the progeny of ignorance — following blindly })recedent and rigorously suppressing doubt. The people are '' my children ;" lieav^en pity them ! that " my government must care for and protect." The King " is divinely appointed to rule over us — the King can do no wrong," is the fatuous education of the people, of every people that have groaned under the most shocking- tyrannies. To this fatality both King and subject are educated. A remarkable feature of the develojnnent of tyranny, is that both ruler and subject are educated in the faith that it all comes of CTod, and could not and should not be otherwise ; that any doubt, therefore, is blasphemy added to ti-eason. Hence, to-day, if the best man in the world was made the Czar of all the liussias, he would be helpless to relieve his suffering people, who have been so long trained and educated, out of all conception of man's natural rights to liberty and justice. The war of the Colonies for Independence — that long and cruel war — commenced in the unconscious struggle of the people for human rights against the divine order of kings — the infallible rulers, and a standing army. There are abundant evidences that our noble fathers had but little idea of the falseness of the doctrine of the divinity of kings, in the early stages of the struggle with the mother country. "^ We can have but little conception, even now, how the fate of mankind hung trembling in the balance at that awful moment when the "crown was offered Washington.*' Here was the most eventful moment in all history. Washington and Franklin, supi>lemented by Jefferson, gave the world practically the sublime truth that man can best care for him- self ; that the ruler is not only fallible, but is the servant of those who appoint him, and must render to his masters an account of his steward- ship. We can now know that there was but a little remnant of all those who buckled on their armor and offered theii- lives as a sacrilice for their country, who clearly perceived that it was in fact a struggle of the people against the "divine order." They mostly, no doubt, demanded " no taxation without representation,"' and, had the king granted this, results might have been radically different. Long pre- ceding circumstances had tended to educate the colonists away from that fatal king-school. They had been driven across the face' of the world by religious persecution, wiien the king was heaven's vicegerent on earth, to kill and crush out heresy. The State and the Church were one, and dissent from either l)v so iriuch as a look or wink, a breath or 252 HISTORY OF BKADFOHI) COrNTY. ;i secret thought, even, was to call down u})on the victim the cruelest conceivable torture and death : the world was full of the church mili- tant, but was without charity and without mercy, and civilization was in a condition of petrifaction that most surely could never have advanced one jot or tittle without the timely revolt of the American Colonies, wiiere men fought and died for liberty — blessed liberty ! the supremest thing in this world, whose chief enemy always has been the ruler — the governing power, who has started out on the false and malignant motto : The king can do no wrong, the people can do no right. The truth is the people of themselves can do no wrong ; if wrong comes from them, it is done through their representative rulers always, and this has been preceded by a long course of mis-education enforced among the people. These preliminary explanations are deemed necessary before enter- ing upon the consideration of the fact in American history that, when our fathers had emerged from the long war, and their independence had been granted, and thev were confronted with the greater task of founding a democracy, there should arise two political parties — the Kepublicans and Federalists. In Bradford county, at the very begin- ning of its existence as a civil body, these parties were called Repub- lican-Federalists and Republican-Democrats. In forming our government they had nearly literally transplanted the English government, simply leaving out a king and giving the people the right to choose their ruler for stated periods. The departure 'from the mother government was very slight,but little as it was the sole question between the two political organizations arose over the slight change there was in the fundamentals of government between the new democracy and the old monarchy. The seed, of course, of this division among the people had come from the first day of the rebellion against King George. There were many good people who loyally o])posed the movement in its inception, and continued their opposition during life. The honest Tory would have, of course, been more easily recon- ciled to his new surroundings had we crowned our own king at the end of the war, and gone on in the adoration of the national fetich — the good King. This sentiment was modified into one of eventual striving, for as near an approach as possible to the old forms of government. The opposite of this was that broader idea that regards the hereditary king with contempt and anchored in the faith that the people were every- thing. In short, they held that the people, if allowed to freely ex- ]>ress themselves, knew as well or better what they wanted for their own good, than could any born king. Both believed in the necessity of a head, a controlling, ruling power in government. These questions among parties had received the modifications of the years that consti- tute nearly the life-time of a generation. When Bradford county was formed the original Tories had become wild Federalists, and the Repub- lican-Democrats had fed upon the bold democracy of Jefferson and learned to more and more have faith in the people — which, after all, was but another name for a greater and a growing love of liberty. In- deed, it is highly probable that by the time of the first action in Bradford county, as soon as this was after the establishment of our A HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 253 government, there was not a man here who would, under any con- ceivable circumstances, have offered Washington, or any other mortal, the crown. All had tasted the blessing of freedom, a free press, free speech, free religion, and the untrammeled right of going and coming when he pleased. Yet they divided on the question of a strong cen- tral government and a stronger central government. Equally earnest, honest and intelligent, they were arrayed in opposing ranks, but pelt- ing each other with nothing more dangerous than ballots, and the mu- tual lashings of tongue and pen. The mists of nearly a century have come between us and the times of the first social and political life of our people. None are now living to tell us what they then thought about the questions over which they were divided. This need not be regretted for the reason that one can not know their unreasonable ])rejudices, nor can we very easily be influenced by the passions that stirred them, no doubt deeply. Men then, much as they do now, went to the polls and voted in the implicit faith that the future welfare, at least of Americans, depended largely upon their being able to outvote their political opponents. The hate of Rebel and Tory was just dying out, but party fealty and distrust of political opponents may have been then as strong or even more bitter than it is now. The Tories had become ])eaceful Federalists, and were as full of wrath and hatred of the King of England, a feeling that they had been taught by bloody events, to extend to the whole people of England, as wei-e the most radical Republicans,and yet they believed a sleepless vigilance necessary to prevent their oppo- nents from rushing the country into a mere headless mob, or to anarchy itself. Both parties looked to precedent as a guide in all government affairs. The authority of precedent was strong among all the people, pos- sibly less so among Kepublicans than their opponents, but jiractically this was the authority of liighest resort, on the ])art of all ; in the church, the school and in state-craft, precedent was nearly supreme in all mooted subjects. ' ' Larger boats may venture more, But little ones must keep near shore," was the philosophy of "Poor Richard,'' which, at the time Dr. Franklin gave it expression, contained much of the philosophy of the day. If, in an emergency, you could find no precedent to guide you, then stand still and await developments. Men were more cautious and conserva- tive in political opinions then than we find them now. Adam Smith's book on PoUtieal Economy was then just published, and was an un- known and unheard of thing to inost Americans, especially on the frontiers. Our democracy was a new tiling in the world, hardly yet more than a doubtful experiment. There were no radical Democrats, and there were many apparently unansw^erable reasons for the faith of those who believe in a greater stal)ility of government, that meant greater centralization of power. The beginning of the second war with England and the civil form- ative steps of Bradford county were contemporaneous events. Madison was President. He was one of Jefferson's al)lest lieutenants in the cause of the new democracy, and j)icke(l u]) the gauntlet of waroll'ered so hauo'htilv bv EnoJand. 254 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUXTY. Political questions were now rapidly recast, and men were for or against the policy that had led to war. All were in favor of its vio-orous prosecution — this is true even in the face of the calling of the notable Hartford convention, yet there was a division of parties on the policies that had brought on actual hostilities. The war com- menced in June, 1812, and ended in February, 1815. Our country was invaded by a ruthless foreign foe, our cities burned and captured, and shocking cruelties inflicted, but our land, and especially our naval forces, had conducted some of the most brilliant campaigns then known to warfare. The infant nation met the proud mistress of the seas, and with her war-ships, that were little more than extemporized wooden tubs, blew up her armadas and brought her shi])s as rich prizes to our shores. The s])lendid victories of Perry and Jackson were the all-sufficient answers to those who opposed the war, as final victory and peace was the death of the anti-war element in the land, — a demonstration that Greeley was right when he said, "nothing suc- ceeds like success,-' and in war the opposite of this it seems would be, that "nothing fails like defeat." We fortunately can know the prevalent thoughts and emotions of the people of Bradford county in these three stirring years of her young life, bv carefully consulting the files of the Bradford (Uizcttc that commenced publication the same year of the war, and of the organization of the county. A newspaper then was very different from one of this day and time. There was not a daily paper that then found its way into Bradford county and fewest of any kind that were then accessible to tiie people. The weekly local paper was their chief reliance. This was mostly distributed by private hands ; it was made u]) of extracts from other paj^ers, published in the cities, and was without local or general editorials, but there is but little trouble in examining the ancient files of the Gazette in finding out the editor's opinions on all important questions. The advances in newspaperdom from that time to the present are immense ; now there are many dailies to where there was one weekly formerly; the great dailies come damp from the press by the fast-mail train; the telegraph has obliterated space and time in gathering the hourly news, and morning, noon and evening, night and day, year in and year out. the great pei'- fected |)resses are literally showering the land with papers like as the winter snowflakes fly. The rapid rise and growth of the newspaper is truly phenomenal, but you must not therefore conclude our people are so immenseh^ favored over those of the day of tlie little weekly with- out a line of editorial comment. The editor's responsibility then was greater than now ; his paper was not only carefully read, but was studied and laid away — men met and read it over and tliscussed it, and families did the same. This was well understood by the publisher. and he governed himself accordingly ; he studied thoroughly his few exchanges and reprinted articles that were written in solemn earnest by men of vigorous intellects — men who treated the few subjects in hand exhaustively, elaborating to their heart's content. No difference what subject the writer had in hand, he proposed to probe to the very bottom of it. One of the little, old, yellow {/^-i^^l^t^-^^trzz^ HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 257 Gazettes^ with but four columns to the page, and, of course, but four pages, is before me, and it has a communication chpped from the Democratic Press, on the subject of "The Washington Benevolent Society," that fills six columns. It is highly probable that article was copied in nearly every little four-column weekly paper then published in the land, and thus it became a national factor; it was carefull3^ filed away, and fortunately preserved for our examination — a handy and unfailing index of the histor}'- of the times. There was more power and effect in the little, dingy four-column country weekly than there is to-day in the great -iG-page daih^ ; and there is, after all, a question as to whether, so far as the people in general are concerned, the ancient country weeklies were not better in filling the demands of their time than is the modern metropolitan press. A man now is compelled to read his mammoth dailies in a few spare minutes, while waiting for his meal to be served ; he gathers the news, all he has time to wait, by scanning the head-lines of the telegraphic dispatches. There are dailies issued that a man, to read them as our fathers read their papers, would require the entire twenty-four hours intervening between the issues. It is usual to count these changes as simply advances for the better, but whether they are or not is questionable ; as educators, there is no doubt but that the old style was far preferable to the new in newspapers, for the simple reason that thoroughness has been supplanted by skimming superficiality; the average man read less and confined himself to fewer subjects, but he was thorough — at least far more so than now, so far as he attempted to go. The tele- graph was then hardly so much as a dream, and there was and has been nothing that so thoroughly diluted our literature, as it comes from the daily and weekly publications, as this. And the whole ten- dency now is sensational ; pandering in every column to the pruriency that has come of the possibilities of the harnessed thunderbolts. Who would now sit down to read six columns of his paper under such a caption as "The Washington Benevolent Society V But, on the other hand, who will skip a flaming headlight tvpe announcing a "Rattling Prize Fight,'" or "A Brave Man Pounded to Death in the Ring ? " There were more ])eople who read, day by day, for months, page after page of the j)apers about the Beecher trial than there were living souls in America when Burr Ridgway was ]niblishing his Weekly (razette, except when the printer had unexpectedly migrated. One of the largest metropolitan dailies is now edited entirely by telegraph ; that is, it, like the old (iazette, has abandoned its editorial page, and boasts that it "gives all the news;" and as for opinions, its readers may "hustle and find each one for himself."' Our fathers were content with column after column of " foreign news," that was generally three months old. It was a month after Commodore Perry's immortal vic- tory on Lake Erie before the full particulars were published in Brad- ford county. Its splendors were not fully comprehended for years. Prompted by curiosity I read carefully " Consistency's" article in the Gazette, filling over six columns about the "Washington Benevo- lent Society." The writer starts out with a well-drawn contrast between the conditions of the rich and the poor ; the rich man 14 258 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. wallowing in the lap of luxury, while the poor must submit to the cruel decree, and g-rin and bear it. Then he plunges deepl}"^ into his subject by asking in big capitals the question '' AVhat is the form of government best calculated to ameliorate the condition of the poor?" A ver}' important question indeed. To give every one an equal chance in life ; to allow everyone to enjoy " the fruits of the sweat of his brow ;" appealing , in capitals again, to "the constitution of nature," and to produce in the body politic justice and ec^uity to all men. Summing up all these great and very practical suggestions he appeals to the members of the Association, to tell the people what form of government will best bring these blessings : "Ye friends of truth, ye statesmen who survey The rich man's joys increase, the poor's decay, 'Tis yours to judge how wide the limits stand Between a spleiulid and a happy land." These are his broad premises, and they sound somewhat of the prophetic visions of the ancient fisherman. His premises are the greatest political problems that Avere ever presented to mankind- justice and liberty to all men — perfect equality of right, or, in other words, A good Governynent, something to be hoped for, even before a "splendid" one. The people to whom these grave words were addressed were then founding our government^ — free to shape it as they willed. Would they make it a good government rather than a splendid one i The writer had heard perhaps of tlie splendors of India, where the royal elephants fairly blazed with diamonds and rubies with which they were decorated, and the wealthy women were clothed in fabrics so rich and delicate that they were called " the \voven weird ; " they toiled not, and yet in this land of gorgeous splendors more than six million people, the toilers and producers, starved to death in one season of famine. Whether he had or not, certain it is, he had thought profoundly and well on that supreme problem of the world, how to attain a good government. The article was surely written by a Republican Democrat, and he addressed his appeal to the opposition — the Republican-Federals. The year 1816, at the very hour this article was given the readers of the Bmrlford Gazette, it should be I'emembered that our country was in its infancy of untried experiments, and it is now o])enly said by history that nmong some of the greatest men of that time there were divisions on the subject of a centralized government, or a greater power allowed to the people — an aristocracy of rulei'S, made rich and powerful by government— and that these were to be pampered by the powers and they in turn Avould care for and j)rotect the ))eople — those who hewed the wood and carried the water. It is not at all curious that this and similar questions should arise among our great ancestors; all were fresh from the very extreme of paternalism in government, when to question the divinity, the infallibility of any ruler in any country or government, was treason and desei'ved (juick and ignominious death. An aristocracy of some kind, rich and powerful, and, if good, the necessary friends and protectors of the people, was deemed a thing of a matter of course ; the few superiors, the man}^ subalterns ; the wisdom HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUXTY. 259 and love of parents guiding and caring for their helpless and innocent brood; a lord fed, clothed and cared for in sickness his dependents or serfs " a few agree To call it freedom when themselves are free," exclaim " consistency!" The king and nobles always agree that when they are happy the country is blessed ; courtiers, minions, sycophants, and^ dependents bask in the favor of the ruler, and all scheme to secure the most money from the sweat and toil of the people. It was battling these chronic old ideas that the writer was going through so manv columns of the paper — it was illuminating the Democratic ideas of Jefferson ; the greatest liberty to the greatest number. It should be borne in mind that at thattimeit was different from now, especially in the matter of the divine right of kings and rulers, and even though this country has destroyed the office of king, and substituted a constitutional government, yet all were agreed that the people must be l)rotected — their liberties carefully guarded by those in control. In the matter of regulating, controlling, making laws to care for, antl protect both the public and private affairs of community ; the country has gone on and on, as the years, have rolled b}^ and customs, habits, and statute laws have been piled one upon another, mountain high. Jefferson's democracy readily joined hands in this work of I'egulating, even discovering pretexts, plausible and otherwise, for new laws and new and more officials ; protecting the dear people— mistaken good men and great patriots — were the labors day and night of all men. The people grew clamorous for more government, more, morel One regulating law would require two, three, or a dozen amendments or new laws, and each w^ould require more officials, and they in turn required more and more taxes; but men fe!t they were happy, happy always when they could more and more feel the weight or actual presence of the law, and the government ever pressing closer and closer about their individual persons. In other words, there was little division among men on the vital question of the true conditions between subjects and rulers, but they parted lines in other directions. For instance, when Bradford county was organized, as an evidence of what the people were contending about, is found some reference in the first issues of the Gazdte to the subject of paper currency. The Federalists evidently were the men who were accounted as being in favor of government providing a supply of paper money for circulation, while their opponents, the Republican- Democrats, were for the more solid gold and silver. Following this was the question of the intensity of everyone's ad- vocacy of the late, the present or perhaps the future or next war. They were divided in their sympathies between Great Britain and France, or Napoleon, in the wars then raging. The more liberal Democrats ^^\q heart and soul for Napoleon, while others wereopenlv or secretly favor- ing Eui^land. The war of 1812 had emphasized the division between the two ])olitical parties. Monroe was president, and those op])osed to the war vented their anger at him. Chiefly in Bradford county, when it had become organized and offi- cered, the divisions were the Ile])ublicans, Democrats and the Federal- 260 HISTORY OF BRADFOKI) COUXTY. Republicans — the ditferences were far more in name than in fact; the former, though New Englanders, were severe in their criticism of the Puritan and his fanatic religious pretensions. Although the country had then recovered from the era of the abundant drowning of witches, no one party, it seems, had its skirts clean enough on this subject to taunt or abuse auN'one else, for either mistakes or crimes in this direc- tion. The Gazette^ during its first six months' existence, published a most remarkable ghost story, without a word of comment, as it was taken from some other paper. In that particular case the shadow was that of a man who had been murdered foully, of course, and the same story is now common stock in much of our light and vicious fic- tion, to harrow the souls of credulous children and weak-minded men. It is safe to assume that tiiere was far more credulity, and a consequent mucii less dis])osition to doubt on the subject of supernatural extrava- ganzas among the first settlers in the county than there is now. The people read their Bibles with a faith and a literal belief in even its de- tached sentences, that the most thorough-going church members of to- day can hardly understand. No doubt entered their minds when listen- ing to the severe dogmatics of their doughty preachers, and the same was true as the head of the family or the school teacher read aloud the weekly issues of the Bradford Gazette. The greatness and goodness of the minister was measured mostly by the length of his sermons and his tireless lung power. There was a strong combination of supersti- tion in religious subjects, and on political subjects among those who built the frame-work of society in the Susqueiianna valley — an import- ant item when we come, in this day, to weighing and estimating their lives ; in other words the true history of any people or time, lies,often, beneath the surface facts and incidents. You see a madman in irons, held bv his strong- guards while he raves and froths and would murder any living thing, and you ask his keepers the cause, and they would probably tell you that family trouble, death of wife or children, finan- cial difficulties, or that it was religion, excitement or an}'^ of the other commonly assigned reasons. This answer might be the true one, but as often it is not ; it all may have come from some ancestor generations ago — the cause is often the seed, planted deep from view, in long pre- ceding time of the hour that we gather the full and ripened fruit. In 1813 the question of trade with England was laid before the people of Bradford county. The Gazette co])ied an article from the Baltimore Patriot, under the head of " The Embargo," at which the writer is overjoyed, and pronounces it a wise and good measure, '"a law called for alike by national honor and national interest;''' and he proceeds to say that it will prove more hurtful to England than "even the thunder of a Hull or a Decatur" — a law which is to "nurture our infant into giant manufactures," shorten the war by years, and ''^rescue the souls of millions of neutral agents from the deep damnation of habitual perjury ;" and then proceeds to say : "We present the trib- ute of our humble applause to the men who wisely and resolutely spurned the thraldom of an abused name and passed a wise measure." This Republican continues in the vein of exultation, and is bold to say that the declaration of war was tiie wisest American measure since the HISTORY OF BRADFORO COUNTY. 2<'>1 Declaration of Independence, and the enforcement of the " Embargo" will prove to be the most cogent and prudent measure since the decla- ration of war, and the writer sincerely hopes the measure will not, like a former one, " become a mere perch for birds of prey." To the "speculators" who cried out against it, saying, "how are we to employ our capital now T' he answers "establish manufactures" — "j^/ out priiKtteers.''^ As a war measure, it may be readily gleaned from the article referred to, that the Republicans warmly favored the embargo while the Federalists, it may be assumeil, opposed it, at least indirectly, and the writer denounces " he who would sell his birth-right for a gay coat or any coat ought forever to be a slave in buff," and, in his judgment, the " meanest peasant in America, blessed with these sentiments is a happy man compared with a Tor3\" About this time appeared in the Gasette a long article signed " P\irmer," discussing the dangers of Americans suffering themselves to continue dependent on tlie use of foreign goods, and tlie urgencv of securing domestic manufactures of every kmd ; he accuses mercl/ants of exacting double prices, if not more, for every foreign article thev have for sale. He shows that the tendency is upward in price for foreign goods; and that merchants are rapidly making enormous for- tunes, "Farmer" lays down some rather striking propositions in economics, that is, they would be novel now, afterseventy-five years of discussion of the subject of trade with foreign nations. "Such are the mournful results,*' lie exclaims, "of your listening to the artful tales of merchants concerning the subserviency of commerce to agriculture, such the painful and mortifying issues of neglecting domestic manu- factures and encouraging those of foreign nations. No sort of com- merce favorable to agriculture is beneficial to the farmer, but exporta- tion alone; importation and foreign trade are ruinous. ''" -■ ■" The war has no tendency to impoverish the nation ; it sends not a cent out of society, it merely occasions the transfer of propertv from one to another ; it takes from the central and conveys to the frontier ; taking from the mechanic and giving to the soldier. '■^' * ""' Only push domestic manufactures and cease to frequent the stores of men who vend foreign goods and send your wealth abroad and then your impoverishment becomes impossible." In December, 1813, the people read carefully, Madison's message addressed to Congress. This was a ra])id review of what had transpired in the then war with England ; it was read and reread with infinite pleasure b}^ doubtless, nearly all the leading Republicans of thecount}^ and, if read at all by the Federalists, it was not with pleasure, but largely for the purpose of finding fault with it. The strongly Democratic-Republican pa})er of the county in 1813 laid before its readers nearly three columns of reading, that even told of now sounds curious, but is full of suggestions as to the public mind of that time. It is no less than an account, copied from the National Advocate, of a public dinner, given at Tammany Hall, JSTew York, " under the direction and superintendence of the Repul)lican General Committee of ]S^ew York," to Maj.-Gen. William II. Harrison. This 262 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. was the greatest social and, no doubt, political event of the time, and although it was twenty-seven years preceding the elevation of Harrison to the great office of President of the United States, it was, probabh\ the first I'ound in the ladder that he eventually climbed to the top. The ver}^ curious thing about it is that Harrison was nominated and elected, and was always a self-proclaimed pro-slavery Democratic- Republican, yet his election was a Whig victory and a triumph of the memory, the shades, of the old Federalist party. Time unfolds curious conditions, even in politics. While these old pioneer fathers wei'e rigid and sti'ong in every article of political faith, they were equally so, if not more, severe in matters of religion. In politics they quarreled fiercely about war measures, the proper defense of the flag, the buikling of domestic manufactories and like propositions ; but in matters of religion they were unanimous in the deepest seated faith, the very savagery of dogmas and the pitiless extirpation of her* ss', however radically they might differ on points of doxy. Sternly and even severely religious were these American pioneers ; the representatives of the church militant, gloi'ying in self-inflicted ])enances, and with the sword of Gideon smiting sin hip and thigh ; rare bundles of inconsistencv, full of fight and religion ; shoulder to shoulder battling with an invading army ; two souls as one in hating England or fighting Satan and his im])S, yet alwavs ready in the fiercest of the struggle even to turn and rend each other on the flimsiest questions of polemics. So full of the spirit of dissent were they that the laymen were ever ready to quarrel with the shepherds, and without a qualm of conscience they split, divided and subdivided their church organizations. Thomas Simpson, the first publisher of the Gazette^ understood well the demands of his patrons, as may be seen from the fact that with his paper filled with war and politics, he yet found frequent occa- sion to publish long religious sermons that bristled generally with doctrinal points, the animus of which is noticed in the opening sentence of one now before us: "How long, O inhabitants of the earth! will you suffer yourselves to be deceived by false teachers, delusive spirits, and doctrines of devils r' Then follows a number of " How longs," concluding with ''How long will you catch at perishable things, out- ward ordinances or water baptism? when you are commanded not to touch, taste or handle those things that perish with the using, after the doctrines and commandments of men ! * * * Why follow phan- toms that can not save you at the hour of death? take nothing with you that you can not carry into the gates of Heaven : (Jan you carry water there f NO ! my friend.''' There is food for reflection in this ancient sermon. It was the earnest words of a very earnest man, addressed to a people in active accord with the speaker. It is a marked characteristic of the times and the people, and yet how can we reconcile the fact that only a few years before this preacher preached. Goldsmith had evolved from his brain that lovable character, the immortal " Vicar of Wakefield " — the ideal of a preacher and his family, and their simple daily home life, as drawn from the fancy of the strolling musician, who played his flute HISTORY OF BF!AI)F()KI) COUNTY. :H\n through Europe, to the servant girls and the stable boys, foi- a chance crust of bread. The demands of mankind called forth the sermon of the living preacher; the divine genius of Goldsmith warbled as the birds of the wilderness carol to the skies. To-day this good man and his sermon on baptism would, in one of our very fashionable city churches, be laughed at; but you must not imag'ine that, therefore, Goldsmith would, on the other hand, be lifted up and lionized by all people. Gn Broadway, he would be much the poor, wretched outcast he was one hundred years ago in the streets of London— just as likelv to fi'ee/e and starve in a garret to-tlay as he did then ; but'the preacher and his great sermon would be haughtily directed by the bishop's but- ler to apply at the '' Little Church Around the Corner." In the early part of 1813, three men were arrested and examined in the preliminary court in New \'ork, on the charge of treason. The Bradford Gazette published the account of the trial, under the head of " More Treason," and is content to simply give the facts and the gist of the testimony, without a word of comment. The parties tried were Abijah and Jacob Biglow and J.W. Jenkins, and, except Abijah, were convicted and bound over to the court, but, when the time for trial came on, these men had Hed to Canada. Their treason consisted in having aided in the escape of some Britisli prisoners. As remarked, there were no comments in the Gazette^ no vituperation of Americans, who, in the hour of the country's peril, were giving significant aid and comfort to the invading foe, urdess, indeed, the Avords " more treason," that stood at the head of the article, might be construed as a comment — a solemn reflection that there were others in the country who had been playing the part of Judases toward their Government." The mod- eration of the paper is significant of the manner of our fathers— a strong contrast indeed to the temper of the peoj^le in our late Civil War. This leads us to a notice of the fact that Bradford county, when it was formed, had men in it who were well known to all the"^people as Tories during the War for Independence. They were never molested, there did not seem to be any thought of ill-treating them. They were neighbored with as were other people ; assisted in sickness and in emergencies as were others, as even kith and kin, and if the fact was ever thrown offensively in their faces there is no record or mention of it. These men so tolerant toward the poor Tories— the men so viciously ignorant as not to sympathize with the liberties of their fellow-men, and who committed treason to God and man by their blind adherence to and sympathy for the vile oppressor, and es'teemed the fathers as simply rebels deserving the most ignominious death- were never molested, it seems, and it is doubtful if they were greatly discriminated against by the very neighbors who iield themselves so ready to ])unish blasphemy, or even a mild form of heresy — a people who would punish the husband for kissing his wife on Sunday"; that had enacted and mercilessly enforced the Blue Laws, and yet so readily forgave treason. In the accounts of the bloody massacre ^that followed the battle and surrender of Wyoming, are to' be found the sickening details of a brother in cold blood shooting to death his pleading 264 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. brother, who had escaped unarmed from the fort, and was skulking and hiding, in the vain attempt to get awa\^ The unnatural monster, in answer to the pra\'er of his brother to spare his life, and he would therefore humbly serve him all his days as a menial slave, was the incredibly brutal one of, " You are a d d rebel," and the rifle finished the sentence. In behalf of the brave revolutionists there is nothing of such infernalism as this charged against them during the long seven years of war; even the invading enemy were human, and the painted savages were guiltless of that depth of horror — it was a Tory. Not a representative one of course, for such a villain repre- sented nothing of man or beast, except himself — he stands alone in his matchless infamy. When there were enough permanent settlers here to form a new county, they had reached a time when men began to draw away from that intense age of religious fanaticism, that wild craze on the subject that had whelmed the civilized world in tlie live hundred years of the Dark Ages, and were inclined to mix in their thoughts and purposes some of the more practical affairs of life. They were rapidly extend- ing the view of life, and the beliefs in supernatural powers in the most trivial affairs among men were loosening their long clutch of men's minds. The representatives of the church, while they had lost none of men's devotional respect for the cloth, for the sacred office they exercised, 3^et their power in the family circle and in the State, and in the material concerns of the individual were slowly waning. The influence of the churchmen was thereby signally bettered. A century preceding, the church had ruled the State and unfortunately wielded the gleaming sword, and interminable religious wars hail blasted the bloom of earth, and the most horrid persecutions had filled the air with the wails of the dying, innocent victims. From these cruel ages the world was slowly emerging, but resistlessly, because slowly, like the rise of the continents from the great ocean's depths, men were tasting the right of self-government; feeling the power and the good of regulating their own private and social affairs. Would they rush to the other extreme ? The people of Bradford county were deeply interested in the cause of education, even before the county was formed. Their attention was called to the fact that Virginia had already taken steps for the early establishment of public free schools, and appeals were sent to the Leg- islature to consider the subject. In nearly every rude log church a short term of school was taught, at first by the preacher in charge,and in time by his assistant. These were the most primitive subscription schools, to which each parent or guardian paid the bills monthly of the children they sent, and so rigid was their economy that the expense of sending a child to these pay-schools was but a fraction of what it now costs to send one to our supposed perfected free schools. A dollar's worth of text books then would supply a large family of school chil- dren their entire school days ; in this as in other things, it is left to us to estimate the changes from that time to this. A striking illustration of the prevalent credulity of the times the Gazette of 1814 publishes an obituary which is dressed in theextraordi- SCi?- .rf»S(-y>«<^ / ,*^ HISTORY OF URADFORD COUNTY. 267 nary circumstance of being in mourning-, that it is ornamented with an inverted rule at each end of the article. It is an account of the death of a Maj, fiichard Elliott, of Ohio. Evidently it was not that they knew the man or had a personal interest in him, but it was the man- ner of tlie man's death that made it of such vital importance. The name of the man who gave the account is given as a voucher of its truth and credibilit}-. The substance is that on a certain Sabbath even- ing the man was passing along the highway, when he saw two lights in the shape of half-moons coming toward him ; when the lights met him they seemed to close him in a circle about the breast, when a voice pronounced these words: '^ Are you prepared to dlef^ Without hesitation, the man answered '^ If it is Godh will, 1 think I am P The lights then passed on, but turned and followed him until he came opposite the graveyard where they made a stand ; he could see them, by looking back, for half a mile. When the man arrived at home he told his wife, and assured her that he had but a short time to live ; he related the same to several people, and announced to all that he was about to die. The lights were met on Friday evening, about 9 o'clock ; on Tuesday following, the man was raving insane, antl in twenty-four hours died. The lugubrious story concludes with the words : "This is a simple statement of the circumstances of his sickness and death." The story is circumstantially told, and is quite ghostly. The men of that day, in their leather jerkins, and the dames at the looms and the spinning-wheels must have read and heard it with complete awe, and the children, no doubt, were freshly alarmed at the dark, and would shut their eyes in the fear of seeing the dreaded moon-shaped lights. The i)oor man was simply mad -insane beyond question from the first, and then, as now, there were no certain medicaments for the mind diseased. The moon-shaped lights were but uMtches in another form — men were moving slowly away from the suttee of the East, or when "Auld Clootie" woukl daily come up through the hot crater's mouth to waylay the innocent people on the road, as he had been often caught in the act of finding a ])erson alone, near a graveyard, and seized him, and, despite his struggles and cries, had carried him off, and with his precious burden had plunged into the vomiting volcano, on his return visit to his realms with his trophy. Men's beliefs were emero-ing slowly from these frightful conjurings — the travail of the dreary ages. The story of man's frightful superstitions — shadows to us, but horriblv real to them — is one of the most painful chapters in human historj^ ; it had filled the world to the mountains' peaks with the deepest gloom, and in trembling and despair they literally called upon the rocks and the mountains to fall upon them and hide them forever from the face of an angry God. However, they were slowly approaching this age in the idea that the Supreme was not always so unreasonably angry with his children, and that he is all love and justice. " I thy God am a jealous God " is now more generally read "And He so loved the world, etc." The pendulum swings; it can never be at rest — the ebb and tiow of the wind, as it rises, slowly and spirally, toward God's throne. The opposing theories : inappeasable wrath, implacable hate or mad, convulsive, unreasoning love — the orthodox, with clubs and 26S HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. knocks, the altruist sweating blood over the innocent failings of ignorance, and offering up the great vicarious sacrifice, are hut the ceaseless moan of the great ocean of men's troubled souls moving through the unending eternities. Possibh', liere, as everywhere, when the historian comes, great enough, wise enough, and fearless enough to point out the truth that ever lies in the mean of all extremes, then may mankind begin to feel and know that our civilization is safe, founded upon the rock against which the winds and the storms may beat in vain, and foolish good men will cease to heart-bleed and wail in sadness over the cruel contentions of men — over these beastlv struggles to trample upon each other. " All's well ! " Adjusting the 2>rophecies, was in the early part of this century the serious work of many of the world's holy seers; these cabalistic interpreters were a very important feature of the times, and the}' burned the midnight oil, and the press teamed with their books for all men to read. For a period of twenty years or more these things raged with the utmost activity, like everything of the kind in answer to a popular demand. The obscure parts of the books of Daniel and the Revelations of John, were the fruitful sources of supply for the remarkable output of the press of that day. These ranged in all degrees from the most learned and solemn to the serio-comic, but all intended to show that the great oracles of the church were still abroad in the land ; their erudition was astounding, their secular flavoring overpowering, and their demonstrations startling, ludicrous and whimsical. A man named Kett wrote and published a book entitled, "History, the best interpreter of Prophecy," and he seriously demonstrates " The man of sin " is at once '' both the Papal power and the French infi- delity ; " that the " little horn of Daniel's fourth beast '" designates Mohammedanism, Popery and French infidelity; the beast of the bottomless pit which slays the two witnesses spoken of in the 11th Chapter of Kevelations typifies the same infldel power; that Daniel's little horn of the goat and of his third beast, the leopard, symbolize Mohammed and the French infidelity ; that the second beast of St. John, which is to arise out of the earth and " the images to which he is to give life" are " infidelity and democracy;" that the two horns of the beast are "the German illuminati and French pseudo philosophers ; that the particular democratic tyranny, symbolized by the image of the beast, is the revolutionary Republic of France, and that the mark of the beast is the tri-colored cockade. A contemporary of Rett's was one who called himself Galloway. This oracle read that the earth out of which John's second beast arose was France; the beast himself the French Republic- — his head the legislature; his two horns the committee of safety, and the fire he was to call down was the wrath of God ; his marvelous performances were the French victories ; the image he was to set up, the prostitute goddess of reason and liberty; his mark the cap of liberty and the cockade ; that his number Latinized, is 666, the name of the monarch Louis XVI. HISTORY OF RRADEORD COUNTY. ^09 One of our New Eaglaud prophet interpreters transposed Napoleon's name into this same mystical number, and a vvag set about it and made the same translation of the signs apply to Jefferson's red ])lush breeches. That irreverent but clever wag tleserves a bright inimortalitv. lie struck the whole gang of lunatics a staggering blow; in the language of the ring, " an uppercut," so neat and deft that it must luive brought a grin of approval from even the severest old gospelers of that day. In December, 1815, Benjamin Austin, of Boston, addressed a long- letter to ex-President Jefferson, propounding very important questions on subjects that were then coming to the surface in this country. To this Mr. Jefferson re'plied at length, and both were deemed of sufficient imi)ortance to republisli in the Gazette. The ojiening paragraph of Mr. Jefferson's reply refers to the existing horrible conditions in France; blames much of this on Napoleon, who failed to use his legitimate powers in the establishment and support of free government, and predicts that the great French people will come in time out of the fiery ordeal in signal trium])h and ultimate freedom and democracy. Wii then sa3^s : " You tell me I am quoted by those who wish to continue our dependence on England for manufactures. There was a time when I might have been so quoted with more candor, but within the thirty years since elapsed how are things changed ^ We were then in peace, our independent place among nations was then acknowledged ; a commerce which offered the raw materials in exchange for the same material, after receiving tlie last touch of industry, was worthy the attention of all nations. It was ex[)ected that those especially to whom manufacturing industry was important would cherish the friendship of such customers by every favor. * " - Under this prospect the question seemed legitimate, whether with such an immensity of unimproved land, court- ing the hand of husbandry, the industry of agriculture or that of man- ufactures, would add mosl to that of the national wealth. And the doui)t on the utility of American manufactures was entertained on this consideration chiefly; that to the labor of the husbandman a vast addition is made by the spontaneous energies of the earth on which it is employed; for one grain of wheat committed to the earth she renders twenty, thirty and even fifty fold — whereas the labor of the manufacturer falls in most instances vastly below this. * - •• What a field it did promise for the occupation of the ocean — what a nursery for that class of citizens who were to exercise and maintain our equal rights on that element. This was the state of things in 1T85, when the ' Notes on Virginia ' were first published ; vvhen the ocean being- open to all nations, and their common right in it acknowledged and exercised. "- * •• But who in 1785 could foresee the rapid depravity which was to render the close of that century a disgrace to the history of civilized society? Who would have imagined that the two most distinguished in the rank of nations for science and civilization woukl have suddenly descended from that honorable eminence, and setting at defiance all those moral laws established by the Author of nature between nation and nation, as between "man and man, would cover earth and sea witli robberies and piracies merely because 270 HISTORY OF BRADFORD ( OUNTY. strong enougl] to do it with temporal impunity, and tliat under tiiis disband onment of nations from, social ordei\ we should have been despoiled of a thousand ships and have thousands of our citizens reduced to Algerine slaver\^?" He proceeds to show that the French joined England in this crusade against American com- merce on the seas. Being thus excluded from the free interchange of nations, he reaches the question of making ourselves independent for tlie comforts of life, and declares '"we must fabricate them for our- selves." " We must now," he continues, '' place the manufacturer by the side of the agriculturist. The former question is suppressed or rather assumes a new form. The grand inquiry now is, shall we make our own comforts or go without them, at the will of a foreign nation ? * " "■'' I am proud to say I am not one of these [opposed to American manu- factures]. Experience has taught me that manufactures are now as necessary to our independence as to our comfort, and if those who quote me as of a ditferent opinion will keep pace with me in purchas- ing nothing foreign, where an equivalent of domestic fabrics can be obtained, without regard to difference of price, it will not be our fault if we do not soon have a supply at home equal to our demand. If it shall be proposed to go beyond our supply, the question of '85 will then recur, viz. : Will our surplus labor then be more beneficially employed in the culture of the earth or in the fabrication of art? We have time yet for consideration before that question will press upon us ; and the maxims to be applied will depend on the circumstances that will then exist. For in so complicated a science as political economy, no one axiom can be laid down as wise and expedient for all times and circumstances." To this beginning of the subjects concerning our foreign commerce we have now added our seventy-five years of experimenting and much continuous discussion. At certain periods the question would be laid temporarily aside for other issues, yet when these had their time and passed away, then the two great political parties would resume the never-ending discussions of the questions of the tariffs. Is not much of the same uncertainty among tiie people to be found now that there was three-quarters of a century ago? At the National fall election of 1S88, after more than a year of continuous discussion of the subject of high tariff and low^ tariff on imports, a year of discussion in which there were less of side issues than had ever before been connected with the tariff question, and the vote of the country sustained the advocates of tariff — President Harrison was elected on this issue in 1888, and this was "emphasized by the election of a majority in Congress of that po- litical faith. The three co-ordinate branches of government were now in accord, and it was claimed, with much apparent truth, that the ques- tion was now happily settled- — the people had declared for that policy. But in two short years, 1890, with the issue still more sharply defined, in the election of a new Congress, the results of 1888 were overwhelm- ingly reversed. Thus one election " settles" this important question, and'immediately following the next election will completely unsettle it, it seems. These whirligigs of time are not only interesting to the historian, but they are the poised scales in which he may best weigh HISTORY OF BKADFOKl) COUNTY. 271 and'jud^e the important movements of the American people. Tliese remarkable changes, something approaching a quick revolution of the pubhc judgment, may render the lives of the professional politicians a burden, delicious to the " outs," calamitous to the " ins ;'' but they are on the whole a good sign — they bespeak the activity of the pubUc mind on questions of the common weal where numerous mistakes are atoned in final justice and truth. CHAPTER XIV. BRADFOED COUNTY CIVIL LIST. Past and Present State Officials— Past and Present County^ Ofeicials. AVilliam T. Da vies Samuel McKean David Wilmot - Samuel McKean John Laporte David Wilmot Henry W. Tracy Ulysses Mercur Joseph Powell - Edward Overton lieutenaxt-governok. united states senators. members ok congress. 1835-30 18G1-63 1822-24 1834-30 1844-50 1862-04 1864-71 1874-70 1876-80 JUDGE OF THE UNITED STATES COURT OF CLAIMS. David Wilmot --------- 1863-68 CONSUL TO SANTA CRUZ, WEST INDIES. Edward II. Perkins -------- 1862 — deputy COLLECTOR OF I'ORT OF PHILADELPHIA. Henry A¥. Tracy --...--- 1806-68 Joseph Powell ------- 1885 (Incumbent) SURVEYOR OF PORT OF PHILADEJJ'HIA. E. Reed Myer --------- 1861-67 E. O'Meara Goodrich -------- 1869-81 DEPUTY SURVEYOR oF J'ORT OF PHILADELl'HIA. Hiram P. Goodrich . - - - - - - - 1869-81 SECRETARY OF THE COMMONWEALTH. Samuel McKean - - - - - - - - - 1829-32 DEPUTY SECRETARY OF THE COMMONWEALTH. Elisiia S. Goodrich ---..--. 185255 SURVEYOi: (JFNERAL. Jolm Laporte --------- 1845-51 273 irrSTOKA^ of yiKADI'ORD COL'NTY. .TUSTICE OF SUPREME COURT. Ulysses Mercur, 1872 — became Chief Justice, January, 1883, and died in office. STATE SUPERINTENDENT OF COMMON SCHOOLS. Charles R. Coburn 1863-66. STATE SENATORS. Henry Welles, 1815-18. District — Lycoming, Clinton, Centre, McKean, Bradford and Tioga. Samuel McKean, 1829-30 (resigned to become Secretary of Commonwealth) — Bradford, Susquehanna and Tioga. Reuben Wilbur, 1830-37 — Bradford, Susquehanna and Tioga. Elihu Case, 1837-40 — Susquehanna and Bradford. Gordon F. Mason, 1846-49 — Bradford and Tioga. George Sanderson, 1850-53 — Susque- hanna, Bradford, AVyoming. E. Reed Myer, 1856-59 — Susquehanna, l)radford and Wyoming. George Landon, 1859-62 and 1865-68 — Susquehanna, Bradford and Wyoming". Delos Rockwell, 1874-76 — Susquehanna, Bradford and Wyoming. William T. Davies, 1876-84 — Bradford and Wyoming. J. K. Newell, 1884 (incumbent) — Brad- ford and WN'oming. MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. From 1774 to 1782, inclusive, Bradford county formed part of Westmoreland, State of Connecticut, and sent members to the semi- annual sessions of the Legislature at Hartford, as follows: September, 1774, Christopher Avery ; October, 1781, Obadiah Gore, Capt. John Franklin ; May, 1782, Obadiah Gore ; October, 1782, Obadiah Gore. District — Lycoming, Bradford, Tioga and Potter Counties — 1813- 14 — Henry Welles. District — Bradford and Tioga, Counties — 1815-19, Samel McKean, 1820-22, Simon Kinney. Bistrict — Bradford County {one memher) — 1822-23, Wm. Myer; 1823-26, Lemuel Streeter; 1826-28, Constant Mathewson ; 1828-29, John Laporte. District — Bradford and Tioga {two memhers). — 1829-32, John La- porte ; 1832-33, Ellis Lewis ; 1833-35, Lockwood Smith ; 1835-36, Darius Bullock, Isaac Myer. District — Bradford {one uiemher). — 1836-37, Isaac Cooley; 1837-38, George Kinnev; 1838-40, David S. Barstow ; 1840-41, Stephen Fierce; 1841-43, William El well. District — Bradford {two members). — 1843-45. John Elliott. Irad Wilson ; 1845-46, John L. Webb, Victor E. Piollet ; 1846-47, V. E. Piollet, Francis Smith; 18447-8, Francis Smith, Arunah Wattles; 1848-4'9, Arunah Wattles, Charles Stockwell ; 1849-50, Joseph C. Powell, Charles Stockwell; 1850-52, Addison McKean, Henry Gibbs ; 1852-54, Wm. E. Barton, John Fassmore ; 1854-56, Bartholomew La- porte, Judson Ilolcomb ; 1856-58, C. F. Nichols, J. B. G. Babcock ; 1858-60. O. H. F. Kinnev, Thomas Smead; 1860-62, Henry W. Tracy, C. T. Bliss ; 1862-63, Drummer Lillev, B. Laporte ; 1863-64, D. Lilley, Jos. H. Marsh; 1864-65, Jos. H. Marsh, Lorenzo Grenn ell ; 1865-66, G. W. Kinney, L. Grennell ; 1866-67, Jas. II. Webb, G. W. Kinnev ; 1867-70, .las. 'U. Webb, John F. Chamberlain ; 1870 71, Jas. H. Wel)b, HISTOHY OF BKADFOKD COUNTY. 273 P. li. Buck ; 1871-72, P. H. Buck, B. S. Dartt ; 1872-73, B. S. Dartt, E. Reed Myer ; 1873-74, E. Reed Myer, Jas. II. Webb. District — Bradford {three rnemhers). — 1874-76, Geo. Moscrip, Eli- jah G. Tracy, Uriah Terrv ; 1876-78, E. Reed Myer, James Poster, John F. Giilett; 1878-80,'' S. D. Harkness, H.J. Madill, Asa Nichols; 1880-82, J. H. Marsh, E. L. Hilhs, L. D. Taylor; 1882-84, E. J. Ayers, Benj. B. Mitchell, J. P. Coburn ; 1884-86, J. H. Shaw, H. Howell, S. D. Sterigere; 1886-88, C. W. Juton, W. B. Heckman, W. S. Kinney ; 1888-90, M. O. Loomis, J. C. Faulkner, L. J. Culver ; 1890-92, Loren Forrest, L. Lewis, A. B. Sumner. DKLEOATES TO CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION. 1837 — Almon H. Reed, Senatorial (Bradford, Sus(|uehanna). Nath- aniel Clapp, Representative (Bradford); 1873 — George F. Horton, Jos. G. Patton. PRESIDENT JUDGES. John B. Gibson, 1812 to Sept., 1816; Thomas Burnside, 1817; Edward Herrick, Sept., 1818, to Sept., 1839 ; John N. Convngham,1839 to 1849; Horace Williston, 1849 to 1851 ; David Wil mot, "1851 to 1861 ; Ulysses Mercor, 1861 to 1865; Ferris B. Streeter, 1865 to 1874; Paul 1). Morrow, 1874 to 1890; B. M. Peck, 1890 (incumbent). ADDITIONAL LAW JUDCE. Paul D. Morrow, 1870 to 1874. ASSOCIATE .JUDGES. Geo. Scott, Oct., 1812, to May, 1818; John McKean, Oct.. 1812, to May, 1837; Jonathan Stevens, Mav, 1818, to 1840-41; John Laporte, 1839 to 1845; Abraham Goodwin, 1841 to 1844; David M. Bull. 1845; Harry Morgan, 1846 to 1851 ; Reuben Wilber, 1846 to 1851; Myron Ballard, elected 1851 ; Harry Ackley, elected 1851 ; Aaron Chubbuck, elected 1856; John F. Long, elected 1856; John Passmore, elected 1858 ; V. M. Long, elected 1861 ; L. P. Stalford, elected 1863; J. Wilson A'andyke, elected 1866; Zebulon Frisbie. elected 1868; Stephen D. Harkness, elected 1871; Chauncey S. Russell, 1873 to 1875. SHERIFFS." Abner C. Rockwell, appointed December 9, 1812; John Spakl- ing, 2d, appointed December 9, 1815; Lemuel Streeter. appointed December 14, 1818; Joseph C. Powell appointed October 30. 1821; Reuben Wilber, a))pointe(l October 28, 1824; Benjamin McKean, appointed November 27, 1827; Lockwood Smith, Jr., appointed December, 1830; John L. Webb, appointed L^ecember, 1833; Guy Tozer, appointed November, 1836; Ira li. Stephens, elected October, 1839 ; John N. Weston, elected October, 1842 ; John F. Means, elected October, 1845; William S. Dobbins, elected October, 1848 ; Chester Thomas, elected October. 1851 ; John A. Codding, elected October 1854; Thomas M. Woodruff elected, October, 1857; A. Hanson Spald- ing, elected October. 1860 ; J. Monroe Smith, elected October, 1863 ; William Griffis, elected October, 1866 ; J . Perry Van Fleet, elected October, 1869; J. Monroe Smith, elected October, 1872 ; Andrew J. Lay ton, elected November, 1875; Peter J. Dean, elected November, * The two candidates haviiit? the highest luiniber of votes were returned to tirt' fio\eruor, of whom he appointed one to be sheriff. The same rule held in regard to coroner. 274 HISTORY OF BRADFOKl) COUNTY. 1878 ; William T. Horton, elected November, 1881 ; Dallas J. Sweet, elected November, 1884; Morris Shepard, elected November, 1887 ; Joseph Powell, elected November, 1890. TKOTHONOTARY, CLERK OF OYER AND TP:RMINEli AND QUARTER SESSIONS. Charles F.Welles, 1812 to 1818; George Scott, 1818 to 1830; Darius Bullock, 1830 to 1831 ; Alpheus Ingham, 1831; James P. Bull, May, 1831 to 1836; Samuel Strait. 1836; Joseph C. Powell, Oct., 1836 to 1839; David Cash, elected 1839; Aaron Chubbuck, elected 18*2; Addison McKean, elected 1845 ; Allen Mclvean, elected 1848-51-54- 57: E. O'Meara Goodrich, elected 1860-63, Wm. A. Thomas, elected 1866-69; Benjamin M. Peck, elected 1872-75; Geo. W. Blackman, elected 1878-81 ; Wm. J. Young, elected 1884-90 ; H. J. Madill, elected (incumbent) 1891. REGISTER OF WILLS. RECORDER OF DEEDS. AND CLERK OF ORPHANS' COURT. Charles F. Welles, appointed, 1812-1818; Geo. Scott, Clerk Or- ])hans' Court, 1818 to 1830; EHphalet Mason, Eegister and Recorder, 1818 to 1820; Charles Whithead, Register and Recorder, 1820 to 1824; Alpheus Ingham, Register and Recorder and Clerk, 1824 to 1831 ; Elisha S. Goodrich. 1831 to 1836 ; George A. Mix, 1836 to 1838 ; Drum^ mer Lilley, 1838 to 1839; Ephraim W. Baird, elected, 1839; Julius Russell, elected 1842 ; Lyman DeWolf, elected 1845 ; Horatio Black, elected 1848 ; H. Lawrence Scott, elected 1851 ; James 11. Webb, elected 1854 and 1857; Nathan C. Elsbree, elected 1860 and 1863; Henry J. Madill elected 1866; Chas. E. Gladding, elected 1869; Otis J. Chubbuck, elected 1872; Cephas E. Andrus, elected 1875; Addison C. Frisbie, elected 1878 : James H. Webb, elected 1881 ; Adelbert I). Munn, elected 1884; James Hurst, elected 1887; Chas. M. Hall, elected 1890. DISTRICT ATTORNEYS. Thomas Smead, elected October, 1850 ; James Macfarlane, elected October, 1853 ; Paul D.Morrow, elected October. 1856 ; Guy H. Wat- kins elected October, 1859; George D. Montanye, elected October, 1862; William T. Davies, elected October, 1865 ; Warner H. Carnochan, elected October, 1868 ; Joseph B. Reeve, elected October, 1871 ; John N. Califf, elected October, 1874; Isaiah McPherson, elected November, 1877; Adelbert Fanning, elected November. 1880 ; Eleazer J. Angle, elected November, 1883; J. A. AVilt, elected November, 1886; J. ^V. Codding, elected November, 1889. COUNTY TREASURERS. "-'^ Harry Spalding, appointed Januarv, 1813-14; AVilliam Means, appointed January, 1815 ; Simon Kinney. a])pointed January, 1816-17 ; Henry Mercur, appointed January, 1818-20; Gurdon Hewitt, appointed January, 1821-22; George Scott, appointed January. 1823 ; Andrew Irvine, appointed January, 1824-26; James P. Bull, appointed Januarv, 1827-28; Alpheus Ingham, appointed January. 1829; Andrew Irvine, appointed January, 1830 ; William Russell, appointed January, 1831-32; ChaunccN^ Frisbie, appointed January, 1833-34, David M. Bull, appointed January* 1835-37; John E.Hale, appointed January, 1838-40 ; Wm. !>. Storm, appointed Januarv, 1841; Charles Stockwell, elected ♦Appointmentfi were made by the commissioners. y?^ HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 277 October, 1S41 ; Leonard Pierce, elected October, 1843 ; Jacob Reel, elected October, 1S45 ; James JM. Peck, elected October, 184Y ; John Ilorton, elected October, 1849 ; Benj. Wilcox, elected October, 1851. Preceptor Forbes, elected Oct., 1853 ; Ezra C. Kellogg, elected Oct., 1855 ; E. Percival Shaw, elected Oct., 1857; Wm. Griffis, elected, Oct., 1859 ; Francis AVatts, elected Oct., 1861 ; Stephen D. Harkuess, elected Oct., 1863 ; J. Perrv YanFleet, elected Oct., 1865 ; Chas. A. Morey, elected Oct., 1867^0. K. Ladd, elected Oct., 1869; Wm. Banyan, elected Oct., 1871 ; Matthe^v Marshall, elected Oct., 1873 ; James C. Robinson, elected Nov., 1875 , John 11. Grant, elected Nov., 1878 ; Eben Lillev, elected Nov., 1881 ; J. Leman Elsbree, elected Nov., 1884 ; Luman Putnam, elected Nov., 1887 ; C. T. Hull, elected Nov., 1890. COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. Joseph Kinnev, elected Oct., 1812 ; Justus Gavlord, elected Oct., 1812; Wm. Myer. elected Oct., 1812; Burr Ridgway, elected Oct., 1813; Samuel McKean, elected Oct.. 1814; Salmon Bosworth, elected Oct., 1815 ; Nathaniel Allen, elected Oct., 1815 ; Eliphalet Mason, elected Oct., 1816 ; Joseph C. Powell, elected Oct., 1817 ; Barthol- omew Laporte, elected Oct., 1818 ; Wm. Myer, elected Oct., 1819 ; Geo. Hvtre, elected Oct., 1820 ; Lemuel Stre'eter, elected Oct.. 1821 ; Darius Bullock, elected Oct., 1822 ; John Taylor, elected Oct., 1823 ; Theodore Leonard, elected Oct., 1824 ; Gould Seymour, elected Oct., 1825 ; Burton Strait, elected Oct.. 1826 ; Churchill Barnes, elected Oct., 1827 ; Hezekiah Dunham, elected Oct., 1828 ; Eliphalet Mason, elected Oct., 1829 ; John L. Webb, elected Oct., 1830 ; Isaac Cooley, elected Oct., 1831 ; John Elliott, elected Oct., 1832 ; Morris Spalding, elected Oct., 1833 ; Elias Ptockwell, elected Oct., 1834 ; Harry Morgan, elected Oct., 1835 ; E. S. Goodrich, elected Oct., 1836 ; Daniel Parke, elected Oct., 1837 ; Ira Stevens, elected Oct.. 1838 ; Mvron Ballard, elected Oct., 1839; Irad S. Wilson, elected Oct., 1839; Benjamin Ruffington, elected Oct., 1840 ; Edson Aspenwall, elected Oct., 1841 ; Daniel Brink, elected Oct., 1842 ; Joseph Towner, elected Oct., 1843 ; Luman Putman, elected Oct.. 1844 ; Ashbel L. Cranmer, elected Oct., 1845 ; John H. Black, elected Oct., 1846 ; Hiram Spear, elected Oct., 1847 ; Simeon Decker, elected Oct., 1848 ; Aug. S.Smith, elected Oct., 1849 ; Sturges Squires, elected Oct., 1850 ; Daniel B. Cotton, elected Oct. 185i ; Isaac A. Park, elected Oct. 1852 , Stuart Smiley, elected Oct., 1853 ; George 11. Bull, elected OcL, 1854 ; Perley H. Buck, elected Oct., 1855 ; Drummer Lilley, elected Oct., 1856 ; William A. Thomas, elected Oct., 1859 ; Wm. IL Decker, elected Oct., 1860; Isaac Lvon. elected Oct., 1861 ; Josephus Campbell, elected Oct., 1862 ; AV'm. D. Dodge, elected Oct., 1863 ; John Beardslee, elected Oct., 1864. Sterne McKee, elected Oct., 1865 ; Wm. B. Dodge, elected Oct., 1866 ; John A. Moodv, elected Oct., 1867; Ezra Loomis, elected Oct., 1868; John B. Hines,*' elected Oct., 1869; E. C. Kellogg, elected Oct., 1870: Morris Shepard, elected Oct., 1871; Benj. Kuykendall, elected Oct., 1872; Abram Snell, elected Oct., 1873; Morris Shepard, elected Oct., 1874; M. J. Coolbaugh, elected Nov., 1875; George W. Kilmer, elected Nov.. 1875; John Baldwin, elected Nov., 1875; James H. Hurst, elected Nov., 1878 ; Daniel Bradford, elected Nov., 1878; M. 15 278 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. F. Ransom, elected Nov., 1878; Daniel Bradford, elected Nov., 1881 ; Myron Kingslev, elected Nov., 1881 ; M. F. Ransom, elected Nov., 1881 ; Milton ()'. Loomis, elected Nov., 1884; Levi W. Towner, elected Nov., 1881; Geo. H. Vandyke, elected Nov., 1884; Sheldon Lindley, Levi Towner, Geo. H. Vandyke, elected 1887 ; Sheldon Lindley, P. S. Squires H. W. McCraney, elected 1890. COUNTY AUDITORS. Clement Paine, Moses Coolbaugh, Jonathan Stephens, elected Oct., 1813; Eliphalet Mason, Wm. F. Dininger, Salmon Bosworth, elected Oct., 1814; Ethan Baldwin, elected Oct., 1815; Lemuel Streeter, Ed- ward Herrick, elected Oct., 1816; Jonathan Stevens, elected Oct., 1817; Wm. Means, Geo. Hyde, B. J. Woodruff, elected Oct., 1818 Samuel Bartlett, elected Oct., 1819; Harry Morgan, elected Oct., 1820 J. M. Piollet, elected Oct., 1821; Nathaniel Clapp, elected Oct., 1822 Burton Strait, elected Oct., 1823; Charles Comstock, elected Oct. 1824; Asa Pratt, elected Oct., 1825; John Laporte, elected Oct., 1826 Harry Morgan, elected Oct., 1827; J. M. Piollet, elected Oct., 1828 Isaac Cooley, elected Oct., 1828; John E. Hale, elected Oct., 1829 Myron Ballard, elected Oct., 1830 ; Samuel Stevens, elected Oct., 1831 Abraham Goodwin, elected Oct., 1832; Alpheus Holcomb, elected Oct., 1833 ; Aaron Chubbuck, elected Oct., 1834; Allen McKean, elected Oct.. 1835; G. F. Horton, elected Oct., 1836; Harry Ackley, elected Oct., 1837; Luman Putnam, elected Oct. 1838; James M. Edsall, elected Oct., 1839 ; Arunah Wattles, elected Oct., 1840 ; Chester Welles, elected Oct., 1841; Horace Willey, elected Oct., 1842; John Watkins, elected Oct., 1843; J. M. Bishop, elected Oct., 1844; Chas. Homet, elected Oct., 1845; Lemuel S. Maynard, elected Oct., 1846; Samuel W. Shepard, elected Oct., 1847; F. S.Whitman, elected Oct., 1848; Wm. H. Peck, elected Oct., 1849; Wm. Overton, elected Oct., 1850; Edward C. Welles, elected Oct., 1851; Wm. H. Peck, elected Oct., 1852 ; C.F. Nicliols, elected Oct., 1853 ; Jonathan Buttles, elected Oct., 1854; Christopher Child, elected Oct., 1855; Francis Hornet, elected Oct., 1856; Lewis B. Pierce, elected Oct., 1857; Robt. Mason, elected Oct., 1858 ; Jeremiah Travis, Jr., elected Oct., 1859 ; E.Reuben DeLong, elected Oct., 1860; Robert Mason, elected Oct., 1861; Geo. R. Acroyd, elected October, 1862 ; C. H. Corbin, elected October, 1863 ; Robert Mason, elected October, 1S64 ; George W. Elliott, elected October, 1865; Isaac D. Soper. elected October, 1S66; O. D. Field, elected October, 1867; Asa McKee, Jr., elected October, 1868 ; Walter S. Bowman, elected October, 1869 ; John S. Quick, elected October, 1870 ; A. R. Brown, elected October, 1871 ; Ira Crane, elected October, 1872; E. Reuben DeLong, elected October, 1873; George W. Brink, elected October, 1874 ; Danyers Bourne, J. R. Brasted, William L. Lantz, elected November, 1875 ; Joseph H. Hurst, Ulysses M. Pratt, Charles P.Welles, elected November, 1878; William W. jMoody, Joseph T. Hested, Charles P. Welles, elected November, 188i ; Clement F. Heverly, Earl V. Nichols, Job Morley, elected November, 1884; L. L. Gregory, George H. Terry, James Foyle, elected 1887; H. H. Heald, A. Lent, Jr., Charles Jennings, elected 1890. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, 279 CLERKS OF COMMISSIONERS. Joseph Kingsbury, appointed January, 1813-14 ; George Scott, appointed January," 1815-20 ; Burr Kidgway, appointed January, 1820; Edwin Benjamin, appointed January, 1821-22; Morris Spalding, appointed January, 1820-24; James P. Bui], appointed January, 1825-2(5 ; Warren Brown, appointed January, 1827-29; Miller Fox, appointed January, 1830-35 ; John E. Hale, appointed January, 1836-37; Charles Stockwell, appointed January, 1838-41; A. S. Chamberlain, appointed January, 1842-44 ; John M. Wattles, appointed January, 1845-47; C. S. Kussell. appointed January, 1848-50; E. M. Farrar, appointed January, 1851-50; E. B. Coolbaugh, appointed January, 1857-62 : G. E. Fox. appointed January, 1863 ; E. B. Coolbaugh, appointed January, 1864-75'^; Williafn Lewis, appointed January, 1876-82 ; Samuel W. Buck (incumbent), appointed Novem- ber, 1882. .lURY COMMISSIONERS. Joseph Foulke. W. B. Storrs. elected October, 1867; E. Keuben DeLong, S. W. Buck, elected October, 1870; B. Frank Knapp, C. Edson Ferguson, elected 1873; Thomas A. Lee, Frank E. Jayne, elected November, 187(); Volney M.Wilson. Thomas J. Smi lev, elected November, 1879; Nelson^ Gilbert, J.Monroe Ayers. elected Novem- ber, 1882; Mahlon M. Hicks, John li. Ful ford, elected November, 1885. Horace Barnes, John E. Dobbins, elected 1888. CORONERS. John Horton, appointed 1813; Eeuben Wilber, appointed 1815; John Minier, appointed 1818; Chauncey Frisbie, appointed 1820; John Fox, appointed 1824 ; John L. Webb, appointed 1827 ; John Vandyke, appointed 1830; Edwin L. Paine, appointed 1833; Aaron Knapj). appointed 1836; Henry S. Salisbury, elected 1839; Calvin Storm, elected 1842; John Hatch, elected 1845; Thomas J. Ingham, elected 1848 ; Geo. M. Black, elected 1851 ; W. W. Eastabrooks, elected 1854; Newell Leonard, elected 1857; Jeremiah Culp. elected 1860; Abram Snell, Jr., elected 1863; Joseph II. Hurst, elected 1866; John F. Dodge, elected 1869; J. Valentine Geiger, elected 1872; Daniel B. Walker, elected 1875-78-81 ; Clinton 11. Scott, elected 1882 : A^jlnev Homet, elected 1884; Ben. T. Strunk, elected 1887; Ben. T. Strunk, elected 1890. COUNTY SURVEYORS. Jonathan Stevens, appointed De])uty Surveyor 1812 ; Zephen Flower, appointed Deputy Surveyor 1821 ;" Eliphalet Mason, appointed Deputy Surveyor 1824; Gordon *F. Mason, appointed Deputv Surveyor 1830; James M. Edsall, ap])ointed Deputy Survevor 1833"; Rowland Wilcox, appointed Deputy Surveyor 1836 ; Edgar G. Nichols, elected 1850; James A. Paine, elected 1853 ; Joseph E.Spalding, elected 1856; Josiah J. Newell, elected 1859-62-65; Oliver W. Stevens, elected 186S ; Joseph E. Spalding, elected 1871 ; George V. Mver, elected 1874 ; T. A. Seward, elected 1877-80; Oliver A. Gilbert, elected 1883; Hiram E. Bull, present incumbent. COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS. Emanuel Guyer, elected 1854; Charles K. Cobui-n, elected 1857- 280 HISTORY OF IJRAOl'ORD CO\j:STY. 60; Otis J. Cliubbuck. elected ] 863-66; Austin A. Keeney, elected 1869-7'2-T5 ; J. Andrew Wilt, appointed to fill vacancy, January, 1878 ; George W. Evan (incumbent), elected 1878-81-84-87-00. PKKSENT COUNTY OFFICIALS. President Judoe, Benjamin M. Peck. Sheriff, Joseph Powell ; Thomas F. Foley, Deputy. Prothonotary, 11. J. Madill; C. F. lleverly, Deputy. Keo-ister and Recorder and Clerk of the Orphans' Court, Charles M. Hall; O. L. Smiley, Deputy. District Attorney, John W. Codding. Court Stenographer, Arthur Head. County Commissioners, S. H. Lindlev, P. S. Squires, W. H. ]\IcCraney ; John Dean, Clerk. Treasurer, Charles T. Hull; AVilliam Maxwell, Deputy. Coroner, Benjamin T. Strunk. County Surveyor, lliram E. Ikdl. Jury Com- missioners, John E. "Dobbins, Horace Barnes. CHAPTER XV. POLITICAL. First Meetings and Elections — "Why Federalists — Jefferson and Hamilton— Land Question — First Two Voting Districts — Fed- eral and Whig Parties Overthrown — Old Labor Party — Lin- coln, Douglas and Trumbull, an Episode— Election Returns to Date — Etc. THERE had been permanent settlers here a considerable time before there was such a thing as distinctive American politics ; before even there was any strong point for neighboi's to argue and contend about, except some question relating to their religion, or the conduct of the French-Indian war, or something of that nature. After the "Boston Tea Party" there was furnished all a bone of contention. The conti'olling element in society were the Anglo-Saxons, a race in- tensely patriotic, bowing with an Eastern devotion at the shrine of royalty, and yet fiercely jealous of any encroachment upon the most triyial' reserved rights of the people; their ancestors had made great kings, and chopped off the heads of a greater number of them than had any other people in history ; savagely religious, they had struck the temporal ])ower of the Pope the blow that in time destroyed it. When the Avar of Independence was happily ended and our people had, by a mere hair's breadth, escaped placing themselves under their own chosen crow^ned head ; the greatest man in the tide of time, incomparably great in war for the liberty of the people, but far nobler and greater in peace, was at the head of affairs, as the wise mentor of a people confronting the supreme problem of founding the Republic; then arose the first glimmer of what, in the one hundred years, grew to be the wide-branching and fruitful tree. American politics. The ship of State had been successfully launched, and now she must be ably HISTORY OP BRADFORD COUNTY. 281 manned, officered, and piloted in the unknown waters, on treacherous seas where were no charts or beacon lights to point the way to the peaceful haven. A short ])aragraph is ^iven in some of our histories to a little inci- dent that is full of deep signiiicance the more it is studied. In lavino- the very foundation of the llepublic, almost the first question, after peace was declared, was the indebtedness that had been incurred in the prosecution of the war. In addition to what was due our own people, it was found that there were nine million dollars due to forei3 from the old parlies impartially. George Kinney and Joseph Kings- bury were Wliigs who were prominent leaders in the Laboi'er's party, and side by side with them were the strong Democrats, Asa Pratt and John L. Webb. At that election, 1843, the ticket presented by them was for Congress, Bela Jones of Susquehanna county; Senator, George Kinney, of Sheshequin ; Representative, C. Frisbie, of Orwell and Eli Baird, of Troy; Commissioner, John YanDyke, of Canton ; Treasurer, Wyllys Brow^nson, of Towanda; Auditor, Milton Bailey, of Ulster. Acain the Whio's made no nominations, so it was the Laborers and Democrats. Kinney carried Brail ford county, but was defeated by the vote of Tioga, and so Reed and Sherwood, Democrats, were elected to the Legislature. The vote of the three parties for the two years was as follows: 1843. 1843. [jABOUEU«. UEMOCHATS. WHKiS. 941 2,239 1,662 1,289 1,750 938 This shows that all the gain was to the Laborer's party, while both the others lost in their vote, — much the largest per cent, of loss being from the Whigs. Away back in 1828 the politics of the State was deeply stii'red by the anti-Ma.sonic movement that quickly became a political (|uestioii. The rather nebulous idea that tlje Masons had murdered a man named Morgan, a member of the order who gave away for gain or notoriety their lodge secrets, began to pass current among the peoj)le, and Thad. Stevens, then a young man of Gettysburg, was shrewd and bold enough to seize upon this general delusion, feed and fatten it, and make it the issue in the election then j^ending. This was a singular exhibition of the public mind. In the first place the Masons never had any secrets in this country, whatever may have been theirs in the Old AVorld, where men had to secretly combine and conspire in defense of their lives and plainest rights. There can be no place for secret political or otherw^ise organizations in this country ; when that necessity arises then American democracy, all freedom and all justice will have gone forever from our land. The leader of this movement in Bradford county was Mr. O. P. Ballard. It had soon run its brief and brilliant course througliout the State. It never succeeded in getting a majorit}^ of the voters in the county, and it peacefully passed away. Jackson was now the idol of the Democracy, while Clay was equally honored by the Whigs. Tfiese were two strong types of Americans — the dashing and brilliant Clav, the unequalled orator, the man of personal magnetism, challangetl on his highway the strong, unyielding, brave and chivalrous Jackson ; so unlike that they may well be said to have been splendidly matched. These were the successors in the great political tournament of Hamilton and Jefferson, and equally as well equipped to leave the impress of their lives upon their da}'^ and age. Clay was superb — Jackson was iron ; both were patriots, the one as invincible as the other was captivating. It was natural that such leaders should reorganize ])olitical parties ; reform the ranks and create the new^erain American politics, when voters became wi'ang- ling and often fierce politicians, and all realized that they had leaders 294 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. who possessed pre-eminently the courage of their convictions. Clay would '' rather be right than be President," while Jackson, '' b}*^ the eternal" with the people at his back, struck dead incipient American aristocrac}^ and of each was it true that their party was their personal followino-. Nothing' of the kind was known to the countrv before their day. nor has any parallel come since. With the election for President in 1S52, wlien Pierce (I).) was elected over Scott (W.) the Whig party was finally overthrown and ceased longer to be a factor in American politics. The mantel of Jack- son had fallen on the shoulders of Stephen A. Douglas, and the "Little Giant "" was forging his way to the front rank of living statesmen. The '' Free Soil " question Avas precipitated upon the countrv by the Kansas- \ebraska question, that followed so closeh^ upon the repeal of the Missouri (yompromise, and in 1853 was organized in a countv in Illinois, the Republican party. This may not, although it is so claimed in the locality, to have been the first organization ever effectedof that party, but it was the one that -was pregnant with the remarkable future that then and there dawned upon the nation. The two leading anti-Doug- las men in Illinois and who were a part of this first TIepublican organ- ization were Abraham Lincoln aud Lyman Trumbull — the latter had been a Democrat, who had ample reasons to believe he had never been justly treated by the leaders of his party, a IS'cav England man, an able lawver and scholar, but said to be a cold, intellectual tower ; while Mr. Lincoln was a Iventuckian and had been a Whig, and when a youth had migrated to Illinois with his parents, who pos- sessed but a meager share of this world's wealth. These men were very unlike, as much so personally and mentally as they had been politically and socially. Much the only thing in common between them, now, for the first time brought together in a political strug- gle, was the opposition to Douglas, and they joined hands to over- throw him, and wrest from him the control of the office of Senator from Illinois. The terms of this agreement were readily adjusted. Lincoln was to rally the old AYhigs and bring them bodily into the Republican camp, and both supposed that this of course would be the big end of the new part}'. Trumbull was to rally the anti-Douglas Democrats, all those who opposed the repeal of the Missouri Compro- mise or who had caught the general " Free Soil" cry that then began to be heard all over the 'N'orth. Gen. Shields was the junior Senator from Illinois and the first struggle was to capture the Legislature and it was agreed, in case that was done, that Mr. Lincoln should be made Senator, and then in 1858, when Mr. Douglas' term would expire, Mr. Trumbull would stand against him for the office. On this basis the State and national election in Illinois, 1856, opened and one of the most remarkable campaigns was fought out. The Republicans carried the Legislature and Mr. Lincoln expected that his fight for Senator was over. AVhen the Legislature met, Mr. Trumbull had gone carefully over the members returned and to his surprise he found that a majority of those elected as Republicans were those who had formerly been Democrats, and he therefore quietly stepped in and took the office of Senator and left Mr. Lincoln to warm his toes in the ante-room and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 297 wait until 1858, and then make tiie fight against Douglas. Mr. Trum- bull was shrewd enough to realize that to defeat Douirlas in his re- election was altogether another matter from that of defeating Gen. Shields. It was a bird in the hand with Trumbull, while it was a two- years' wait and a very uncertain "bird in the bush" in the end with Mr. Lincoln. It is a part of the common history of the country that Douglas and Lincoln canvassed the State, holding joint discussions, from the North Line to Cairo, and Mr. Douglas defeated Mr. Lincoln, and this in the end made Mr. Lincoln President, in 1860. One of the notable things in this celebrated contest for Senator was the fact that the candidates went before the people, and to all practical purposes the choice for Senator was known as soon as the vote was counted ; and this was the first time in the history of the country that this innovation had occurred. This yet un^\'ritten episode in American politics perhaps has had more to do in shaping the history of the Union the past thirty- four years — the greatest era concerning our countrj^ — than probably any other circumstance that has ever occurred. Even after the war, and Mr. Lincoln was dead, Trumbull in the Senate voted against Johnson's iinpeiichment. and since that time has been actively identi- fied with the Democratic ])arty. These and precedino- facts and inci- dents are given as explanatory to the reader, and will lend interest to the following compilation of the Bradford county voting in the early days of the county, that are taken as compiled hy Rev. David Craft, and also as taken from the official records : 181-1 : For Governor (Lycoming and Bradford counties combined). Simon Snyder (D). 72-1 votes ; Isaac Wayne, 11 ; George Latimer, 13 ; total, 7'18~Democratic majority, 700. 1817: William Find lay, 929; Joseph Iliester, 353 ; total, 1,282— Democratic majority, 576. 1820 : William Findlay, 915 ; Joseph Iliester, 788 ; total, 1, 703 — Democratic majority, 127. ' 1823 : J. Andrew Shulze, 977; Andrew Gregg, 801; total, 1,781 — Democratic majoritv, 173. In 1826, Shulze received 1,753 votes; in 1829.1832 and 1835, for Governor, Wolfe received respectively 1,219, 1.685 and 1.504 votes. In 1838, the vote for Gover- nor was. Porter, 2,420, and Joseph Ritner, 2,219. For President, 1824; Jackson, 1640, Adams, 31, Crawford, 16 ; Dem- ocratic majority, 1593. 1828, Jackson, 1553, Adams, 910; LJ)emocratic majoritv, 643. 1832, Jackson, 1598, Wirt, 1221; Democratic majoritv, 377. 18^36, Harrison, 1521, Yan Buren, 1463 ; Whig majority, 58. 1840, VanBuren. 2844, Harrison, 2631; Li bertv party, 26; Democratic plu- rality, 213 1844, Polk, 3495, Clay, 3164, Libertv, 63— total, 6722 ; Democratic pluralitv. 331. 1848, T/iylor, 3272, Cass\ 1889, VanBuren. 1780— total, 6941 ; Whig over Democrat. 1383 ; Whig over Free Soil, 1493 ; Cass and Van Buren over Taylor, 397. 1852. Pierce, 3930, Scott, 3526, Libertv, 281— total, 7737; Democratic plurality, 404.' 1856, Fre- mont, 6969.' Buchanan, 2314, Fillmore, 71, Liberty, 7— total, 9361 ; Republican majoritv over all, 4571. 1860, Lincoln, 7091, Douglas, 2176, scattering, 31— total, 9228 ; Republican majoritv, 4884. 1864, Lincoln, 7530, McClellan, 3195- total, 10,725 ; Republican majoritv, 4335. 1868. Grant, 7768. Seymour, 3538— total, 11,306 ; Republican majority, 4230. 1872, Grant, 7452, Greeley, 3563, Temperance, 16— total, 1 1,031 ;'Repub- 16 298 HISTOKY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. lican majority, 3873. 1876, Hayes, 8008, Tilden, 4989, Cooper, 59, scattering, 62— total, 13,118; Republican majority, 2898. 1880, Gar- field, 8152, Hancock, 4950, Weaver, 496. For Congress, C. C. Jadwin (R.), 7974, Robert H.Packer (D.), 4924, Joshua Burrows (N.), 625. 1882, For Governor, Beaver (R.), 5191, Pattison (D.), 4217, Stewart (I.), 1262. The latter was Independent-Republican. For Congress, E. Overton. Jr. (R.), 3273, G. A. Post (D.), 3961, C. C. Jadwin (Ind.), 3595. 1884, Blaine, 8405, Cleveland, 4216, Butler, 304, St. John, 521. For Congress, Burwell (R.), 8232, Post (D.), 4474, Dobson, 602, Decker, 107. 1888, Harrison, 8762, Cleveland, 4552, Fisk, 536, Scattered, 58. The last presidential election. 1888, shows that there had been an irregular growth in the Republican majorities in the county since the election of 1856. And that at tlie last it reached within a few votes of its highest figure, given Lincoln in 1860. But by reference to the State election of 1882, when Pattison, Democrat, was elected gover- nor, there was a split in the Republican ranks, which is represented by the votes for Stewart, Independent-Republican candidate for governor, and in this congressional district there was a split likewise in the Republican congressional vote, when the Democrat, Post, carried the county by a small plural it}'-. The vote given above in 1882 does not show a Republican loss of voters, simply that they were divided. The election of November 4, 1890, was a State and county one, where a governor, lieutenant-governor, secretary of internal affairs, congressman, and county officers were voted for. This was one of those peculiar movements in politics that are sometimes difficult to account for. At the beginning of the campaign the regular Republi- can convention was held, and a full county ticket nominated. A spirit of dissent arose in the ranks of the party, and finally another conven- tion was called, composed of those who were dissatisfied with the action of the regular convention. By a singular coincidence this meeting convened in Towanda the same time as the Democratic convention, and after some negotiation the two bodies aj^pointed con- ference committees, and a fusion or joint ticket was nominated, each taking about (me-half of the nominees as near as they could be divided, and then opened out one of the most animated political contests ever witnessed in the county ; speeches were held by day and by night, and livery rigs were kept unusuall}" busy carrying young and old cam- ])aigners into ever}^ nook and corner of the count}' to talk to the dear people — on local matters, however. The State ticket was but little mentioned, and national issues were entirely forgotten, and the writer of these lines, who was an impartial looker-on, was impressed greatly with the fact that, considering the intensity of the struggle, there was but little personal mud-slingingat the respective candidates on either side. While it was not a presidential year, yet the whole county was never more thoroughly aroused, exactly what it was all about, it was a little difficult for an outsider to understand. " Down with the old ring! " seemed to be one side's watchword, and '"down with the kickers " was answered back. A general election for Con- gressmen occurred at the same time in all the States, and outside of Pennsylvania it was the question of tariff — the McKinley Bill (a tariff HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 299 bill then just passed), or similar national questions, over which parties were so earnestly wrangling. In the Southern, and many of the Western States, the farmers had just organized, and in some of them, as Kansas for instance, they swept all before them. But in Pennsyl- vania there was no Farmers' ticket in the field — a straight Democratic State ticket was up. All over the State, but more especially in Bradford county, the opposition to the dominant party ignored national issues and the result of the poll was nearly bewildenng. Pattison, Democrat, was elected Governor by nearly 20,000 majority, and the Hepublican candidates for the otlier State offices were elected by nearl}^ the same majority. In Bradford county there were only 145 less votes cast in 1890, than had been given at the last preceding pres- idential election, 1888, the vote being 13,315 and 13,170 respectively. As an evidence that it is sometimes the unexpected that happens, it is told that one of the men elected to one of the best offices in the county thought so little of being a candidate — such a modest '' not an office- seeker," although a Democrat, that when he was named " simplv to fill up the ticket," was what they told him, in the Democi:atic conven- tion, he declined to run ; three or fom* others were then put in nomina- tion, but each one refused; finally the first one was pursiiaded to let his name stand, and reluctantly, to accommodate his friends, he con- sented, and was nominated and elected by 2,000 majority. November 4, 1890, was, therefore, an eventful day, politically, in Bradford county. Another incident of this election is' worthy of note: John A. Fox, Democrat, was not nominated by any convention, and he became a candidate on the heels of the campaign for commissioner, and received 5,809 votes, and failed of an election only by a narrow majority. Thus the official vote is so full of interesting "^I'eading that it is here given, and for the purpose of easily comparing, the vote for President in 1888 is siven in the first two columns: 300 HISTORY OF BHADPORD COUNTY. Election Districts. Alba borough Albany township Armenia - - . Asylum Athens borough — 1st ward " 2d ward 8d ward Athens town'p — 1st dist.... 2d •' .. 3d " .. 4th " .. r)th " .. Barclay Burlington borough Burliutrton township West Canton borough Canton town'p — 1st district 2d Columbia Franklin Granville Herrick LeRaysville Litchifield LeKoy Monroeton borough ]\Ionroe township New Albany borough . . . . Orwell township Overton Pike — 1st district 2d district Ridgebury Rome borough Rome township Smithfield Springfield South Creek Svlvania borough Sheshequin township Standins: Stone South Waverly Terry Towanda boro — 1st ward . . " " 2d ward . . " " 3d ward. . Presid'nt 1888 W 22 217 84 138 151 278 85 16 194 140 03 85 28 174 118 219 218 92 166 104 255 136 89 156 191 103 265 52 225 49 127 150 163 42 176 263 218 133 52 266 52 87 156 162 235 174 O Q 17 92 21 143 74 189 86 64 140 137 63 118 13 43 48 66 56 20 86 61 50 51 11 112 39 28 116 14 29 82 19 24 122 9 45 90 77 71 13 85 131 91 121 127 131 75 Govern 'r Lieut. Sec'y Internal Congress Jud Gov. AfEairs. (0 o <-t re o B p re So o cr re >-i t=) •T3 p on" O B o B. So' > p re j» o cr p B o re W p* o pr O o B p CO re p -t g « W p ■-! O p' o B W ■-I o p" 3 B o re ^ O p a a> re K p 5 re Oi a o o &. 5' CK5 .^ d 20 24 21 33 22 22 22 22 24 155 135 154 136 154 136 146 165 106 69 34 69 34 69 34 69 36 56 123 158 125 156 125 156 131 144 108 157 99 159 98 159 98 116 144 164 132 118 135 113 135 113 108 143 148 131 137 134 133 134 133 100 174 170 83 80 82 80 82 80 54 106 88 16 62 16 62 16 62 13 65 20 212 137 216 135 217 134 209 140 221 122 129 122 129 122 129 122 132 134 66 60 66 60 66 60 63 62 70 71 91 71 91 71 91 84 77 87 21 20 21 20 21 20 21 23 21 140 81 142 79 136 85 136 84 115 86 80 85 80 85 80 93 81 72 218 79 221 76 221 76 222 77 212 156 98 159 98 160 97 178 85 130 94 39 102 34 102 34 114 19 113 124 129 126 124 128 122 143 111 140 72 79 71 80 71 80 59 99 43 216 89 216 89 220 87 232 81 166 126 72 126 72 126 72 129 82 93 73 37 76 35 76 35 78 34 47 111 137 112 137 112 137 121 134 95 139 52 139 52 139 52 146 65 69 98 30 100 29 100 29 96 37 87 232 152 234 150 234 150 209 177 162 46 23 45 24 45 24 46 23 29 197 66 197 63 197 62 226 50 107 33 98 35 96 35 96 66 66 19 99 36 99 35 99 35 94 42 57 130 33 130 33 131 33 134 34 89 131 151 134 150 136 148 147 141 122 43 15 44 15 45 14 42 20 22 163 65 162 66 162 66 157 80 89 220 124 228 122 228 123 219 151 147| 185 151 190 146 191 145 225 119 174| 117 85 119 83 119 83 123 82 1 99 32 27 37 22 39 20 88 23 34 222 112 225 111 225 111 217 121 174 53 130 54 129 54 129 58 128 72 62 101 63 100 63 100 62 100 99 107 191 108 190 108 190 119 186 1 93 144 141 147 138 149 136 144 137 i 174 175 179 178 176 189 165 198 161 ! 229 166 117 169 115 169 115 178 110 ' i9o: w ^ t^ 20 199 49 175 99 102 99 67 58 128 113 56 73 22 108 101 100 120 22 110 117 148 129 66 158 143 44 223 40 177 117 81 S7 163 45 141 243 168 108 28 167 108 69 210 109 133 103 i HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, yoi iSec'y Presidn't Governor Lieut. Internal Con ^ress Judge. 1888 Gov. Ailairs. S3 O Q ja tr O H ^ g o Sh tfl a> <-i O: o o cr ^ t^ S" 3 a o O c p o ^ Election Districts. so 3 5" » o B a < 3 ■ 1 no' O a p > c p o Q B * o D p3 ■-J • IT s o a p ft) p CD 00 Q o a, & 5" p §. a o o Towanda townsliip. . . . . . 137 64 145 78! 146 77 146 77 147 75 154 70 North 90 213 67 115 61 194 115 133 66 197 110 121 66 199 110 121 67 206 116 1171 78 205 101 Troy borout^h 117 Trov township — 1st district 138 64 109 81 i 109 81 109 81 111 80! 102 86 ■ " 2d " 134 33 96 54! 97 54 97 54 100 61 99 66 Tuscarora 236 lo9 66 98 198 159 67, 118i 199 159 66 118 199 159 66 118 200 146 76 128 112 131 165 UISILM- 151 Warren 205 147 89 173 186 129 78 184 187 129 77 184 187 129 77 184 189 125 82, 19ll 85 90 182 AVilmot 223 Windham 160 72 98 31 151 61 96 39 151 62 96 38 151 62 96 38 160 62 87 i 42 j 119 34 127 Wvaliising borough 69 tvvp — 1st dist. 89 58 81 79 83 77 83 77 72 9l| 65 97 2d dist. 111 38 90 53| 92 50 92 48 92 63 46 115 Wysox — 1st district 113 84 95 8l! 95 82 95 82 96 81 81 101 2d " 77 56 72 66 i 74 64 75 63 85 53 96 43 Wells 112 119 72 136 73 135 73 135 73 132 81 126 Total 8762 4553 7426 5744 7583 5649 7609 5626 7638 5850 6558 6990 Plurality 4209 1682 1934 . . . . 1983 .... 1788 432 The other curious features of this vote is that the largest majority in the county is o-iven the Eepublican candidate for Secretary of Internal Affairs, an office about which the average voter took the least interest. The next highest majority, that is after leaving the State ticket, was that given lion. Joseph Powell, Democrat, for sheriff, and the smallest majority received by any one on tlie Fusion ticket was that of Gen. Henry J. Madill, Eepublican, the war veteran, indeed, with a military record as brilliant as that of any man in the Union army. The aggregate vote for the other offices than those given above was as follows :— For Sheriff, Levi Wells (R.), 5,821 ; Joseph Powell (D. on F. ticket), 7,078. For Prothonotary, Mial E. Lilley (R.), 6,570; Henry J. Madill (F.), (),735. Register, John N. Califf (R.), G,489 ; Charles M. Hall(F.) 0,890. Treasurer, Finley N". Hubbard (R.), 0,300; Charles T. Hull (F.), 7,108. Representative (three to elect), three Fusion candidates elected b}^ majorities, Leonard Lewis, 360; A. B. Sumner, 608, and Loron W. Forrest, 1313. Commissioners, vote as follows:— Sheldon R. Lindlev (R.), 0194; P. S. Squires (R.), 6327; Henry W. McCrany (F.), 6799, and John A. Fox (Ind.), 5,809. 302 HISTOKY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. CHAPTER XVI. EMINENT PEOPLE. David Wilmot — Chief Justice Mercur — Paul Dudley Morrow — Burr Ridgeway — E. O'Meara Goodrich. DAVID WILMOT. — No man has ever lived in Bradford county, nor indeed in northern Pennsylvania, who has achieved so wide a reputation as David Wilmot. lie was born in Bethany, Wayne county, Pa., where he spent his boyhood clays, and was educated there and at Aurora. At the age of eighteen he commenced the stud\' of law at Wilkes-Barre, where he remained until the time of his admission to the bar, when he removed to Towanda. lie soon became a consj)icuous character, and early in his career gained a great influence over the people, Avith whom lie was always honest. He had a fine voice, a good presence and an eloquent tongue. Indeed, he quite magnetized his hearers, and could use satire without giving serious offense. Mr. Wilmot was possessed of a remarkable analytical mind, but was not a great lawyer, save before a jur}'. He relied upon his latent resources at the moment to make up for his lack of thoroughness and aversion to study. However, he was a deep thinker, and with his quickness of comprehen- sion, eloquence and ability to read faces, carried juries, while others, more thoroughly versed in the law, made but little impression. His make-up soon developed him into a politician, and he took the Demo- cratic side of the house opposed to Gen. McKeanand his followers. It was not long before he became recognized as a leader, and, in 1844, was elected as a Free Trade Democrat to Congress, and was the only member from Pennsylvania who voted for the repeal of the " tariff of '42." In common with the Democratic partv he favored the annexation of Texas. On the 4th of August, 1846, "^President Polk sent to the Senate a confidential message, asking an appropriation to negotiate a peace witli Mexico. A bill was introduced into the House, appropriating $2,000,000 for the purpose specified. It had now become so apparent that the proposition was intended to strengthen the pro-slavery influence in the general government, that a consultation of a few members of Congress was held, and the matter thorouo-hly discussed. It was agreed that it was a move not in accordance with the Demo- cratic or Jeffersonian idea as argued in the Constitutional Convention, and shown by the ordinances of 1787. The measure must, thei-efore, be checked, and the following resolution was drawn up by Mr. Wilmot, and agreed to b}" the others, and he was selected to offer it as an amend- ment to the bill: "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exist in any part of said Territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted," which has since that time been known in our country's history as the " Wilmot Proviso." While it is true that HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 303 this made Judge Wilmot immortal in the political estimation of the hour, now, that the actors are all dead, and sectional passions are stilled, let us hope forever, yet our children, in a respect due our great revolu- tionary fathers, should ever keep in mind that this "Proviso" is copied verbatim from Jefferson in Virginia's cession of the Northwest Terri- tory to the Union of States. The measure, though lost in Congress, created a great agitation throughout the country, and was the wedge which split the Democratic party upon the slaverj' question. Many of the Democrats in the district made a bold assault upon Mr. Wilmot for this, and tried to prevent Ids return to Congress. In 1846 he was re-elected on the tariff issue, over Judge White, a High-Tariff Demo- crat ; and again in IS-tS, mainly on the sentiment of his proviso. While he was elected as a Democrat, he was a " Free Soiler" and supported Mr. Yan Buren for the presidency in 1848. In 1850, Mr. Wilmot again secured a renomination to Congress as a Free Soil Democrat, which resulted in a split of the Democratic party in the district on the slavery question. The pro-slavery Democrats having put a candidate in nomination, for the good of the party, upon Mr. Wilmot's suggestion, both candidates withdrew, and Galu'sha A. Grow was selected as a compromise and elected. In 1851 he was elected Presiding Judge of the district over William Elwell, the Independent candidate, and acted in the capacity for which he had been elected until 1857, when he resigned the office to enter the gubernatorial contest. His competitor, William F. Packer, the Democratic candi- date, was elected, but his defeat sounded the death-knell of the Demo- cratic party in this State, and made him more popular than ever before. The speeches which he made throughout the State awakened a deep interest in the ])rinciples of the Republican party, and finally made it victorious. However, lie had not dreamed of an election, and at a serenade given him at liis home, after his nomination, said: " I well understand I can not be elected, but the canvass will be the means of establishing a party of which the people will be proud and can rely upon." His statement was verified the next year by a Republicaii victory in the State. Mr. Wilmot was one of the fathers of the Republican party, and in fact, the very measures which he had proposed in Congress, in 1846, had no small influence leading to its existence. In Bradford county, and, indeed, in the '-Wilmot District" he made the Republican party. He was a delegate to the National Republican Convention, held in Philadelphia in 1856, and was chairman of the committee on resohitions, and drew up the famous resolution denouncing " slavery and polygam\' as twin relics of barbarism." In the convention he was proposed as candidate on the ticket with Mr. Fremont for the Vice presidency. He could have commanded a unanimous nomination, but was averse to it. In 1860, Mr. Wilmot was also a delegate to the National Repub- lican convention held in Chicago, and was its temporary chairman. He, with the Pennsylvania delegation, was instructed to vote for Gen, Cameron. After one ballot he saw that Seward would be nominated unless Cameron was dropped. Whereupon the Pennsylvania delega- tion, he at its head, asked leave to retire. After consultation Mr. 304 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY Wilmot asked that their instructions be taken off, which was agreed to by the delegation. Upon the second ballot nearly their whole vote was cast for Mr. Lincoln, which carried enough others on the third ballot to nominate him. Mr. Lincoln never forgot his kindness, and he always had great influence with him. After Mr. Wilmot's defeat, in 1857, he was appointed by Gov. Pollock to the same office which he had resigned, and continued to act in that capacity until 1861, when he was elected to the U. S. Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Gen. Cameron, who had been selected as one of Mr. Lincoln's cabinet. "A wide field of honor and usefulness seemed to open before him. He was in the prime of his manhood, in the full vigor of his mental powers, revered everywhere as the champion of freedom, and his friends confidently expected him to win for himself a still loftier name, while advancing the cause of human rights. But at the outset of his Senatorial (1861) career, his health began gradually to fail, until it was almost impossible for him to attend to the routine of his duties." Mr. Wilmot was a member of the "Peace Conference" of 1861. and when comino- down from one of its meetings said : '' There is no use ; we can not agree, and I am not sure that a war would be the worst thing that could happen to this country. I fear it is near at hand." At the close of his term as Senator he Avas appointed by President Lincoln a Judge of the Court of Claims, which office he held until the time of his death. In politics Mr. AVilmot Avas wonderfully successful, and up to 185Y knew not what defeat was, even though he sometimes ran counter to the party machinery. Such an influence had he that he virtually ran the politics of the county. After the organization of the Republican party in this county, in 1855, he kept up such a constant agitation of the slavery question that, in 1856, he gave Fremont 4,600 majority over Buchanan, the county having been heretofore Democratic by several hundred. Tlie "Wilmot District " gave Fremont a majority of ten thousand. Mr. Wilmot was not an Abolitionist, as is sometimes sup- posed, but on the contrary was opposed to that party- He never claimed a place with Wendell Phillips, Thurlow Weed, William Lloyd Garrison or Horace Greeley, for he fought slavery a long time within the Democratic party, and hoped to maintain his position and influence in that org-anization while makin^- the battle. He soon found that the timber Avas too knotty to work, but not to splits and he put in his Avedge and began the effort, which was successful. Without a doubt he had more to do Avith the creation of the Repub- lican part}^ and the overthrow of the Democratic, than any other man, Mr. Wilmot Avas a strong, powerful force in starting the com- bat Avhich finally resulted in the abolition of slaA^ery. In the South his proviso made him despised by the skiA'e holder as a usurper and, indeed, the very school-children Avere taught to hate him. The slaves early learned his name, and had an exalted rcA^erence for him. He Avas a man of strong convictions, and outs])oken in the expression of his opinions— a man greatly loved by his friends and unsparingly hated by his enemies. He was a powerful speaker, keen in debate, carrying with him the hearts of his hearers, and producing convic- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 305 tions in others frequently by his own strength. But Mr. Wihnot's end is sad. Continued ill-health affected his mind, and he finally died of soft- ening of the brain, at his residence at Towanda in 1868. He is buried in Riverside Cemetery, and his resting-place is marked by a plain slab on which is inscribed : David Wilmot, BORN Jan. 20, 1814, died, March 16, 1868, aged 54 years. Chief Justice Mercur. — This eminent Jurist was the son of Henry Mercur, who was the son of immigrants from Klagenfort, Austria, who came to America in 1780, and settled in Lancaster county, Pa., where Henry Mercur was born, September 20, 1786. He was sent, in 1799, to Vienna to be educated at the university, where he spent eight years, and returned to his native home in 1807. His brotliers and sisters were James W., Mahlon C.(now the only survivor), Ulysses, Hiram and Eliza Jane. While at school Henry Mercur witnessed the entry of Napoleon's army into Vienna. He remained at the parental home, after his return, two years, and in 1809 removed to Towanda to make his permanent home. Here he married Mar^ Watts, September 10, 1810. He died in Towanda, September 10, 1868. His wife, Mary Watts Mercur, died December 14, 1839. Mrs. Ulysses Mercur was Miss Sarah Simpson Davis, daughter of John and Amy Hart Davis. Her grandparents w^ere John and Amv Simpson Davis. Her father, John Davis, was at one time a member of Congress from his native count}' of Bucks. The Hart family, who were of North of Ireland and Welsh descent, came to this country with William Penn in 1682, and settled in Bucks county. Mrs. Mercur's brother was Gen. W. W. H. Davis, famous in the late war, and known to the country as eminent in literature and art. Her great-grandfather, AVilliam Davis, came from Great Britain to this country in 1740, and located in Bucks county. Mrs. Uylsses Mercur resides in Towanda in the old family homestead, and with her are her two sons. Dr. John D., and Ulysses. The history of the Mercur family will remain a permanent and im- portant chapter in that of the grand old Commonwealth. Hon. Ulysses Mercur, LL. D., fourth son of Henry and Mary Watts Mercur, was born in Tow^anda, August 12, 1818, where was his home during life. A public man the larger part of his active career, filling nuiny high and responsible offices, many of them not only of high responsi- bility, but attentled with continuous and arduous labors, he would alwa^ys eagerly return to his home and old neighbors for his vacations and rest and recreations. While the conscientious discharge of his public duties were often remarked by his acquaintances as being a labor of love, at which he burned the midnight oil, while the world around him slept, yet when his holiday come he was quickly back to Towanda, in the scenes of his childhood, with the dignity of office nor. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. laid aside, its cares and toils forgotten, and, amid home and family and friends and neighbors, was building anew those stores of vital energies so essential to his labors when they would be again taken up. To those who were older and who had known him from early childhood, he must have remained to them much as the youth they so well remembered — quiet, earnest and determined, with much indications of a reserve of forces within what might well promise a large future development. His parents were eminently respectable farmers — industrious and frugal, guided in the rearing of their children by that prudent fore- thought that preferred the future welfare of their sons and daughters to that of wealth stored away for their use. A strong characteristic of the father was that indulgence to his children that allowed them to have much to say in shaping their young lives. The children's wishes were heeded, their judgments consulted, the financial affairs of the family explained, and then an amicable conclusion was sure to follow, and smoothly the little home went on. This, too, in an age where there was much emphatic parental authority in the average home, and where often the severest dogmatism prevailed, especially by the father toward the sons. After graduating from the Towanda schools, the youth expressed to his parents a wish to at once commence the study of the law. This was opposed by his elder brother, M. C. Mercur, on the ground that his education was not sufficient for a learned profession. The force of this objection was recognized by the entire family, and to the great distress of the lad, who saw in it the sudden dissolving of the air castles that had no doubt been his companions by day and by night, and had stimulated his best exertions in the common schools, the household was called together, and the matter freely discussed. The happy arrangement resulted that a small tract of land, which was intended to be given Ulysses as his portion, it was agreed should go to him. then and there, and if he perferred to use it in educating himself further and becoming a lawyer, it was well and good. Tiiis was the solution of this once apparently insuperable difficulty. The little piece of ground was converted into $1,200— the "sinews of war" with the Latin conjugation and the Greek verbs, and the final entry upon a professional career stamped with a fame as enduring as these grand old hills on which his eyes opened when life commenced. He had com- pleted his course in the common schools ,at the age of sixteen, when he entered the store of his elder brother in Towanda as a clerk. Prior to this he had helped to work on the farm during summer, and went to school in the winter. Here he remained until he was nineteen years old, when, having converted the small farm, his father gave him, into cash, he entered Jefferson College, Cannonsburg, Pa., in the "prep" department. The regular college course is four years after entering the " freshman class," and as an evidence of his assiduity, as well as aptness, he graduated with high honors at the end of four and a half years after entering the school; taking the highest position in the literary society of which he was a member. And, further, that during the last year and a half he was at college he was systematically reading a course in the law. During his entire school course he had HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 307 made his little fortune of $1,200 pay every expense. After graduating he immediately returned to Towanda and continued the study of the law, and in 1843 he was admitted to the bar in his native town. He g-raduated in 1842, and then one year was a student in the office^ of Edward Overton, Esq., and such Avas the confidence of Mr. Overton in his student that at once he offered him a full partnership in his extensive, practice. As favorable as was this offer from his law preceptor, 3'et it could have been readily made with any one of the several eminent lawyers tiiat were then members of the Bradford county bar — a bar in which were such men as David Wilmot, Judge Williston, William Elwell and William AVat- kins. In a remarkably brief period he was the peer of any of them ■ — noted for his conscientious discharge of his duties, and a sturdy honesty; so much so that it was sometimes blunt when impressing upon an excited client that his case was not a good one. and flatly refusing the offered retainer. In a given case, where he had refused a fee from a wealthy man, and the disappointed client had sought out other counsel and entered upon litigation that bankrupted him and then went to Mr. Mercur and, after stating his case in hand, was amazed to find the attorney ready to engage himself in his behalf. Expressing his surprise, he was told that the whole secret lay in the fact that then he had no case, while now he had a good one ; and he fought it through to complete trium])h. His first advice lost him a fee, but would have saved the man his fortune; his actual retainer in the case had no fee to accompany it, but it righted a wrong when the poor man could perhaps have found succor nowhere else. His professional life w^as made up largely of such incidents, but this one mentioned would have fixed in the pid^lic mind some idea of that high sense of integrity that actuated him. Consequently, while yet a young man, he was known far and wide for his courageous probity nnd ])rofound knowledge of the law. And it was not mere idle breath when one who was a competent judge said: "It is no flattery to say that as a young lawyer he was unsurpassed in the State." The next seventeen years, after he had entered upon the practice of the law% so severe was his application that his health broke down, and he was compelled to take a vacation, wdiich lasted through the entire winter of 1860-61. These months of rest and travel wholly restored his health. On the election of Judge David Wilmot to the United States Senate in Janu- ary, 1861, he resigned the President Judgeship of the 12th Judicial District, and Mr. Mercur was appointed to the vacancy, and at the end of the term was elected to a full term without opposition — the district was then composed of the counties of Bradford and Susquehanna. In 1862 this Congressional district was composed of Bradford, Columbia, Montour, Sullivan and Wyoming counties, and a division in the Republican party resulted in the election of a Democrat. At the next election, 1864, in order to prevent a recurrence of defeat, the leading men of the district, after much entreaty, prevailed upon Judge Mer- cur to stand for Congress. His Democratic o]iponent was Col. Y. E. Piollet, also of Bradford county. Ji\dge Mercur was elected, and for the next three consecutive terms received his party's nomination. At 308 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. the end of his i'ourth term, 1872, he was nominated by the Republican State Convention for Judge of the Supreme Court. It is told of him that he accepted his fourth term in Congress solely on the grounds that he wished to repeal the tariff on tea and coffee. His promotion to the supreme bench came to him as unsought as had his first or suc- ceeding terms in Congress. He remained upon the bench from the time of his first election to the end of his life ; a prominent public life of twenty-six years ; from a short vacation, after seventeen years of arduous practice, he went to the bench of the 12th Judicial Dis- trict, serving out the short term, was elected to a full term and almost immediately transferred to Congress, where he remained eight 3'ears, and quit that to go to the eminent position of Supreme Judge of the grand old Commonwealth. A distinguished record, made famous by his brilliant talents ; a long and useful life adorned by a sleepless energy, a robust manhood and the courage of honest convictions. In politics Judge Mercur was originally a Democrat (though the other members of his family were active Whigs), one who gave heart}' adherence to the Free Soil wing of that party. In short, it may be said that he was of the Wilmot and Gi'ow political school. He was among the first to offer his powerful aid to free Kansas, and was, therefore, one of the active organizers of the Republican party, severing the last tie that bound him to the Democratic party on the occasion of the repeal of the Missouri Compromise. Hon. David Wilmot always esteemed him as one of his most trusted and esteemed personal friends, but this was largely true of the leading men of the Nation, at least all those who had come in contact with Judge Mercur. When Mr. Wilmot was invited by President Lincoln, in the spring of 1861, to act as a Peace Commis- sioner, at Washington, before accepting the appointment he visited Judge Mercur, for the purpose of having a full consultation, before entering upon the responsible duties of that office. Ulysses Mercur and Miss Saraii S. Davis, tiaughter of the late Gen. John Davis, of Bucks county, were joined in the bonds of matrimony June 12, 1850. Of this happy union were five children, all surviving. The eldest, Rodney A. Mercur, is one of the prominent lawyers of Towanda ; Dr. John D. Mercur is of the same place ; the only daughter, Mary E., married Col. B. F. Eshleman, of Lancaster; James W. Mercur is an attorney-at-law in Philadelphia; and Ulysses Mercur is now a laAV student at Towanda. The family worship at the Episcopal Church. In the midst of the busy cares of life, the final great summons came. Judge Mercur died at Wallingford, Pa., June 6, 188Y, in his sixty-ninth year. He was taken sick May 25, with a chill, the first premonition of an attack of pneumonia. On the Friday following he had rallied, and his friends supposed the crisis was passed, and Sunday following brought the greatest hopes. He now recognized his wife, and chatted pleasantly with his wife and his sons, at his bed-side, and even expressed a desire to get up. But on the morning of the 6th, as his physician. Dr. Getchell, was about to depart for Philadelphia, and visited his patient to take formal leave. Judge Mercur half turned in bed and said, cheerily : " Good-bye." These were his last spoken HISTORY OF HRADFORD COUNTY. 309 Avords. At 9 o'clock, his friends noticed a sudden change, and hur- riedly sent after the retiring doctor. But the patient had quietly and peacefully passed away. The immediate cause of death was heart-clot, which, in his exhausted condition, could not be overcome. Pennsyl- vania and the Nation mourned. The great and good man was gone. On the afternoon of October 3, following, ex-Chief Justice Agnew announced in the Supreme Court the death of Chief Justice Mercur. There was a notable attendance of the members of the bar when the announcement was made. On rising to address the court Judge Agnew said : May it please your Honors, I rise to perform a sad and painful duty. You miss from among you a familiar form, and the air seems freighted with sorrow. It is my mournful part to announce to you the death of Chief .Justice Ulysses Mer- cur, your honored head and colleague. He has left the " warm precincts of the cheer- ful day " for the darkness and gloom of the grave. Though gone from your Bench for many years, and living far away from the scenes of his active life, yet it has seemed to my brethren of the Bar most meet that I should break this melancholy news. I accept the duty, only regretting my inability to per- form it well. The ex-Chief Justice then recounted the circumstances of Judge ]Mcrcur's death at Wallingford, near Philadelphia, June 6, 1887, fol- lowed with a brief sketch of his life, and among other things in sub- stance said : His professional life was one of labor and reward, founded upon unflinching principle and great integrity. Courage, too, was a distinguishing trait of his character. He was nominated by the Republican ])arty, and electetl to the Supreme Bench of this Commonwealth, in 1872, to succeed Chief Justice Thompson, whose commission then expired. Here he gave evidence that he was in h.is proper sphere. At the same time Chief Justice Agnew ascended the bench of the Supreme Court, and willingly testified that he ever found Judge Mercur a diligent and painstaking judge, an agreeable companion and a ])leasant C(Jleague ; that during their association many important cases came before the court, and in these he marked, with much pleasure, the splendid exhibition of Judge Mercur's attachment "to principle and to the true exposition of the constitution, both the old and the new." On the expiration of the term of Chief Justice Sharswood, in 1882, extended by the new constitution to 188o, Justice Mercur, as the oldest member in commission, became the Chief Justice. "Thus lived and died a useful and honored citizen, and an upright and able judge. His life is an example to be studied well, and to be followed by the youth of the profession. "It is an instance, also, of the high character of our grand repub- lican institutions and the door they hold open to all citizens who, by merit, would win their way to fortune and to fame. Here no tyrants' hand 'grasps the whole domain,' or 'stints the tillage of the smiling plain.' Here no lordling crushes out the souls of prostrate poor, strips their humble cottages of the hard-earned products of their toil, or robs their homes of comfort and of happiness. "But here, fired by love of learning or prompted by laudable ambi- 310 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. tion, or yearning for wealth and comfort, or for the elevation of higher tastes, the poorest and the lowliest, unchecked by rank or privilege or by 'poverty's unconquerable bar,' may aspire to slake the thirst for know- ledge, seize the objects of his desire, indulge his taste for art, or seek the happiness of an attractive and lovel}'^ home. Such a home it was the fortune of the late Chief Justice to enjoy for many happy years. Here, too, a noble constitution, enduring for a century, and constantly expanding to meet the growth and wants of a nation, protects all beneath the benign influences of its powers, secures to every citizen his just rights, and smiles on his advancement in knowlege, wealth and distinction." Immediately after the adjournment of the court, a meeting of the bar was organized, which was presided over by Chief Justice Gordon, and a committee on memorial appointed, of which Hon. John Dalzell was chairman. Among other resolutions reported was the following : Iq connection with this office nothing can be said of him that is not to his honor. There is no taint on the purity of his ermine, the hot breath of calumny has never touched liira, and no question was ever made of the integrity of his life. His daily walk and conversation were pure and without reproach. * * * With his robes around him, in the enjoyment of all his faculties, with seeming ye:ir-; of usifulness yet to add to his honor, he has been stricken down, and now naught remains for us but reverence for his memory. * * * He has earned his rest — rest from the cares and responsibilities of high place. * * * May he rest in peace. Paul Dudley Morrow may justly be called one of the eminent sons of Bradford county. He was born in what is now Wilmot town- ship. February 17, 1828; the fourth child of John and Sally Horton Morrow. His parents were intelligent and energetic people — in com- fortable surroundings as the circumstances of farmers were in that day — who brought up their family in the fear of the Lord, as it \vas understood by the Covenanter branch of the Presbyterian Church. Judge Morrow often amused his friends by his description of the way in w^hich the Shorter Catechism w-as instilled into him. When the regular Sabbath recitation proved shorter than the perfect stand- ard demanded, as was not infrequently the case even in Covenanter households, the deficiency was made up on Monday morning by a Ixxlily exercise which was intended to profit much, in which the rod of correction ]ilayed as important a part as did the rod of Moses in Egypt. And indeed, in one sense, it did profit much, for the man Paul never forgot what the boy Paul so faithfully learned: and Judge Morrow was scarcely moi-e noted for his knowledo-e of civil law than for his mastery of the Westminster theology. It is obvious that the atmosphere of such a home must have been bracing physically, intel- lectually and morally. Hard work in the fields alternated with hard study at the district school, and with hard listening to the school- house sermons of Covenanter preachers. The boy grew strong in body, mind and conscience. He wrought, like the farmers' lads about him ; and yet no pent-up Utica confined his powers. He planned for greater things as he turned the hay, or ran the lumber down the Sus- quehanna. To him that hath pluck shall be given; and in due season he assumed charsre of a district school. But "boarding round " was I A HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 311 not his highest ideal of living, nor forcing the young idea to shoot by the warming influence of the rod his supreme conception of usefulness. Aspiration beckoned onward, and at the age of eighteen he entered Harford Academy, at Harford, Susquehanna county, where he was prepared for the Freshman class of Hamilton College; from w4iich institution he was graduated in 1852. During his college days he was a hard, ambitious student, appreciating the value of his opportunities, and the necessity of strenuous, self-denying effort in order to succeed. He maintained a high position in his class, and won the respect of his teachers. Hamilton was always dear to his heart, and never had she a more loyal son. The Institution showed her appreciation of liis ability and attainments by conferring upon him, in 1879, the decree of of LL. D. To tiie end of life Judge Morrow showed the liveliest inter- est in educational questions. He sympathized with every boy and girl who was striving to secure an education. He was one of the founders of the Bradford County Teachers' Association, and was the first secretary of that body. He made frequent addresses before Teachers' Institutes. He served for years as a trustee of the Susque- hanna Collegiate Institute, and three years as a director of the Public Scliool of Towanda. His views were always clear, enlightened and )>ractical. He was a strenuous advocate oi a college training, and never ceased to urge the importance of the classical languages. During his senior year in college he studied law under Prof. The- odore W. D wight, since so famous as a ])rofessor in the Columbia Law School. Immediately upon graduation he entered the office of Ulysses Mercur at Towanda, and in September, 1853, was admitted to the bar of Bradford countv. There were giants in the land in those days — David Wilmot, Edward Overton, Ulysses Mercur, William Watkins, William Elwell, John Adams, but the young attorney relying upon his well-trained mind, and a vast capacity for hard work, modestly but bravely entered the lists. And he was not disappointed. He secured a fair share of business from the start, and succeeded in establishing so good a reputation that in 1856 he was elected District Attorney. He had the elements in him to meet such an opportunity. His adminis- tration of the office was a success, and he retired with an excellent reputation for legal knowledge and practical skill. In 1862 he entered into partnership with David Wilmot, then Ignited States Senator, and continued in that relation until Judge Wilmot was appointed Judge of the Court of Claims, at Washington. Afterward he was associated with Plenry Peet and with Judge Mercur, until, in 1870, he was appointed Additional Law Judge of the Thirteenth District, composed of the counties of Susquehanna and Bradford, of which the Hon. F. B. Streeter was President Judge. In the fall of the same year he was elected Additional Law Judge for a term of ten years, but in 1874, under the provisions of the new constitution, he became President Judge of Bradford county. Judge Streeter removing to Susquehanna county. In 1880 he was renominated, without opposition, hy the Re- publican con v^ention, endorsed by the Democrats, and elected as his own successor. He didnothve through this entire term, but died December 1-1, 1890, leaving an unexpired portion of eighteen days. 312 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. For the last three years of his life Judge Morrow was a sufferer from Bright's disease, but he bore his sufferings patiently and hopefully, and to the last his characteristic brightness and cheerfulness were con- spicuous. His strength of will never yielded until the inevitable summons came, and he died in peace without a visible pang, with a cheerful smile upon his face. An analysis of Judge Morrow's character is by no means difficult. He was such a sincere and positive man that one could not mistake his prominent characteristics. His mind was of a high order ; it was clear, rapid, strong and confident in its operations. He saw into the heart of a question and was confident of his conclusions and judgments. Yet he took no superficial glance ; he was not misled by natural quick- ness, but made a careful study of every subject that challenged his at- tention. He was, by force of his robust moral nature, conscientious in every opinion, his whole nature went with his intellectual convictions. His sense of justice was acute and powerful; so, also, was his sense of honor. Nothing so stirred his soul to indignation, as what he esteemed a lack of professional honor, or an attempt to prevent justice by trick or fraud. He had a high sense of honor as to ail questions ; meant to do right as he saw the right, and to dispense justice without fear or favor. No Judge can hope to please everybody. Judge Morrow cer- tainly did not expect to do it, but he believed that in the long run the public will vindicate the man who tries to do right, and he was not mistaken. Time only increases the general respect for his ability, and learning and legal decisions. Every year will brighten his memory. Though dead, he still speaks in the course of justice in Bradford county. There were other aspects of Judge Morrow's character Avhich were exceedingly attractive and contributed in no small measure to his suc- cess. He was a very social and friendly man ; his attachments Avere fervid and lasting. He loved with all his heart, and was always ready to promote the interests of his friends ;his quick sense, his spontaneous humor, made him a favorite wherever he went. He was always respect- ful to age and courteous to women. He had a natural taste for literature, and in his days of health and vigor, studied carefully the great classics of our Eno-lish toncrue. In his familv he was a model of love and devotion. In June, 1857, he was married to Harriet King Pitcher.of Warren, and no man was ever more blessed in the marriage relation. He loved to say that no small part of his success in life was due to his wife, and this was no idle compliment. She was his wise and careful counsellor in prosperity, and his light and joy in darkness and suffering. Their wedded life of thirty-three 3^ears was one sunny scene of confidence and love, and was suddenly broken on that Sabbath morning, to be restored, as we believe, in the higher fellowship and blessedness of the life eternal. Three children were born to Judge and Mrs. Morrow, all of whom survive him, and are at present living in the City of Duluth : Mrs. Hen- rietta M. Hale (wife of Judge James T. Hale), John P. and Charles S. Mon'ow. I . celebres are where are decided the contests of the pennant winners among the great attorneys — simph' legal tournaments where wealth and fame is in winning, " knocking out," as it were, the attorney on the other side, and where often the poor client cuts about as much figure as an ancient almanac. Then, for instance, you look carefully over the Myra Clark Gaines ejectment case — where millions are involved, and genei-ations come and pass away, and the case goes on and on. Or Dickens'' fanciful case of Jarndijce vs. Jarndyce ', its last sad scene, where the pale young man drags himself into court, and wearily listens to learned argu- ments that he can not understand, and finally gropes his way out of 320 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. the court-room and lies down and dies. Another case where it was in court one hundred years, and, the parties all being dead, it was then discovered that what was once a great estate was all gone, and the last penny was a little short of being enough to pay the costs. " The curiosities of the law " ought to be some day the title of a great book that would reflarae the fires of the old maxim, that truth is stranger than fiction. There is one other thing about the study of law that is striking in its features. Perhaps as much or more than any other school, it teaches the importance and authority of precedent. Hence the perhaps gross incongruities you may sometimes meet in the courts in a democracy that have been transplanted from the ancient monarchy. Wigs and gowns are simply comical in this country, where theoretically every voter is a sovereign. The uniform and tin star of a roundsman ; the ceremony of kissing the Bible in making oath, about which you will find they are very particular in the older States, but which is now sub- stituted in the "West b}' generally holding up the right hand; the reten- tion of the grand jury and the necessit}' of their formal and once hypercritical bill of indictment before you could put a man on trial. The fictitious John Doe vs. Eichard Roe are now about obsolete, but at one time, and for centuries, all ejectment suits were in the names of tliese unfortunates, and above all is the general faith that the older a ])recedent the better is the law and the more binding its authority. There must be a close relation existing between the science of law and the science of state craft. The lawyer and the statesman are esteemed as one to a large extent. The American law student when he commences his reading is put to the study of Blackstone exactly as is the student in England. This is the standard book on which all is based, even if Blackstone did believe that there were in ancient times swarms of witches and ghosts, but thought that modern cases needed careful lookmg into before believing. He writes most eloquently of the " garnered wisdom of the ages," and tells the young student in glowing sentences that in the knowledge of the law, at least, the past was the Golden Age; that here is the Pierian spring where he may drink long and deeply of tlie heal th-gi vino- waters. When you divest yourself of these accumulations that have gathered around the law, and think of it a moment in that mood, you can not but realize that once all this wonderful thing must have lain bundled up in the simple Golden Rule ; if there is either right or wrong, justice or injustice that is not included in this short and simple rule of life, you can not imagine what it is. Do as you would he done by, is the simple lesson easily understood by the savage or the child. To add to this statutes and laws neither extends its meaning, application, nor simplifies its terms. Simple as this is it must have been the source from whence came all this stream of law-making, law practice, law libraries, courts and officers, as well as the great and powerful profession of the lawyers. The pioneer lawyer was, like the pioneer farmer, compelled to be a man of far greater resources within himself than his modern brother. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 321 The times are drifting away from the ancient technicalities of the law as well as from the ancient severity of the churcli dogmas. Men have grown more liberal as they have become less and less technical. The modern lawyer fits up his office, and there is usually a court library near at hand, and he has long since ceased to ride'the circuit. He stays at home with his books and practice, and no longer is every successful attorney presumed to have Chitty's forms committed to memory. He may now write a warrantee deed in fewer words than it once required lines, if not pages. Again the profession of the law, like that governing skilled mechanics, is divided up into specialties, and this immensely lessens the labors of the preparatory work of learning the profession or trade. We now have our criminal lawyers, chancery lawyers, corporation lawyers, constitutional lawyers, etc.; dividing'^ the necessary prepara- tory work after the manner, for instance, of that of the workmen in a watch factory. This division of labor is peculiarly an American innovation on the old, and while it is destroying the old-fashioned all-around workmen or professional men, it is*^ perha})s bettering tlie work as well as lessening the time required in serving an apprentice- ship. In Europe a man must yet serve a seven years' apprenticeship to be a licensed watchmaker. In the American watch factories you will find girls working machines and making very perfectly the one piece of the watch to which they confine their entire labor, and two weeks' apprenticeship was all that she required to learn her trade well. In her line she can probably do more in a day than the European seven-year-trained man can do in a week, and do it better. Striking off into specialties is the strong tendencies of modern times, found as distinctly in the learned professions as in the trades. In medicine there is the general practitioner, the surgeon, the eye-and-ear doctor, the corn doctor and the horse doctor, and for nearly every disease a specialist. In theology there is the revivalist, the organizer, the church builder, etc. It is the art of doing one thing, and thereby doing it bettei" than one can many things. Lawyers now gather in the great cities and work for a salary for large corporations. They seek no other employment than that of the one man or firm who hires them by the year. They simply need to know the law necessary to the business of" their employer, and in that respect they are invaluable advisers. It is these circumstances that have carried us beyond the age when the statutes required every lawyer to have a license before allowed to practice. In fact the law requiring this is a mere fashion — the relic of a past age. It is impossible to imagine how a community or State would suffer if this ancient law should be abolished. The man in sea,rch of a lawyer never inquires as to whom it was that signed his license. The foUoAving is a list of attorneys of the past, and the date of their admission as entered of record in i3radford county since 1813 : 322 HISTOEY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Name. Admitted. Adams, J. C 1824 Ames, Herbert S 1870 Baldwin, Ethan 1813 Bullock, Darius 1813 Barton, D. F 1823 Baird, E. W 1830 Burnside, James 1832 Barstow, Julius R 1839 Booth, Henry 1844 Barker, Geo. R 1849 Brisbane, John 1852 Ballard, O. P., Jr 1868 Barker, Sperry 1868 Burrows, T. E 1870 Bentley, Benj. S 1875 Biiffington, Edward D 1880 Catlin, Charles 1813 Case, Benj. T 1817 Collins. 1818 Cash, David 1819 Cook, J. A 1843 Case, N. P 1848 Chamberlain, A 1848 Case, Milton H 1853 Carnochan, Warner H 1861 Coburn, F. G 1861 Canfleld, Jno. E 1845 Camp, B. O 1871 Carmalt, Jas. E 1877 Cronin, John 1885 Cameron , David 1885 Dennison, — 1815 Dimmock, D., Jr 1835 DeWolf, Lyman E 1837 Dana, Edmund L 1844 Dewitt, W. R 1848 Deitrick, A.J 1851 Durand, S. H 1860 Dewitt, Jacob 1863 Davies, Rees 1872 Doane, SO 1872 DeAngeles, P. C. J 1872 Drake, Frank F 1H74 Dunham, E. M 1875 Davies, JohnE 1882 Disbrow. Theo. C 1881 Evans, John 1813 Elwell, Wm 1832 Emery, Jacob 1835 Elwell, Edward 1840 Elliott. Edward T 1861 Espy, John 1867 Elsbree, L 1875 Espy, B. M 1876 Elliott, M. F 1881 Frazer, Philip 1837 Frisbie. Mason Z 1851 Frazer, Franklin 1866 Fassett, D. D 1870 Gray, Hiram 1828 Grow, Galusha A 1847 Greeno, C. C 1850 Grim, A. Logan 1863 Goodrich, St. John 1841 Name. Admitted. Guernsey, Jno. W 1841 Gridley, E. C 1871 Goff, E. F 1876 Gillette, W. LaMonte -. 1881 Herrick, Edward 1813 Hale, James T 1832 Hulett, Mason 1832 Heaton, J. H 1840 Holliday, James 1841 Hazard, E. W 1841 Hakes, Lyman 1843 Hale, Judson 1844 Hale, James E 1846 Hurlburt, Edwin 1847 Herrick, Edward, Jr 1866 Harris, Jos. R 1870 Hillis. E. L 1875 Hale, Benj. F 1881 Hale. Jas. T 1879 Huston, Chas. T 1879 Ingham, A 1826 Ingalls, Roswell C 1839 Ingham, Thos. J 1860 Johns, Hiram C 1870 Jones, Lynds F 1873 Johnson, F. G 1883 Kinney, Simon 1813 Knox, John C 1841 Kelley, H. C 1842 Kinney, O. H. P 1844 Kellum, Charles 1845 Kinney, Miles 1853 Kidder, Luther 1853 Keeler, Heurv 1862 Kingsbury, John H 1869 Kirkuff, J. B 1870 Kirkendall, S. E 1878 Kinney, O. D 1876 Kirby', S. S 1883 Keeney, J. P 1879 Kimberly, Geo. W 1880 Lewis, E 1828 Little, Robert 1842 Lvman, A. Chauncey 1855 Lewis, E. D 1870 Little, E. H 1872 Lamb, Chas. E 1872 Lewis, Geo. W 1876 Lamberson, W. A Lewis. G. Mortimer 1876 Lloyd, Clinton 1877 Mallorv, Garrick 1813 McClure, Robert 1813 Miner, Josiah K 1816 Maynard, John W 1883 Maxwell, Volney M I883 Mercur. Ulysses 1843 Mitchell, David 1843 Myer, Hiram W 1845 Marvin. E. C 1846 Metcalf , Henry 185i Mills, M. E 1851 McCay, Jas. E 187o McAlpin, Harvey 1853 I HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 323 Name. Admitted. Morrow, Paul D 1853 McKean, H. B 1855 Montanye, Geo. DeLa 1857 Mercur, Charles 1861 Morrison, S. G 1871 Mitchell, S.N 1873 Mason, Gordon F 1875 Myer, Thos. E 1877 McCullum, A. H 1877 Morgan, Adelbert 1878 Mercur, James W 1879 Morgan, Albert 1878 Myer, Thos. E 1877 Mills, Edward, Jr 1878 Marsh, H. F 1882 Morrow, John P 1886 McGovern, Wm 1882 Noble, Silas 1835 Nichols, F. M 1873 Noble, Orrin T 1874 Overton, Edward 1816 Patton, William 1818 Payne, H 1830 Pettibone, Harvey 1832 Pierce, Stephen 1832 Purple, Norman H. 1833 Patrick, H. W 1838 Patrick, G. G 1841 Pierce, L. H 1842 Pierce. James E 1844 Piatt, OrvilleH 1850 Patrick. Edward L 1860 Peet, Henry 1863 Peck, William A 1864 Palmer, King W 1879 Payne, S. R 1864 Patrick, F. G 1868 Picketts A 1874 Porter, Frank S 1876 Peck. W. H 1847 Parsons, Eli B 1849 Phinney, J. F 1882 Piollet, Victor E., Jr 1882 Richards, J. T 1840 Reeve, J. B 1851 Ross, Franklin C 1859 Ryan. Thomas 1861 Redfield, A. A 1877 Rockwell, H. H 1878 Scott David 1813 Stewart, A. C 1813 Strong, S. G 1818 Sturdevant, E, W 1829 Name. Admitted. Sample, Hamilton 1837 Sanderson, George 1840 Scott, Wilson , . ia4i Smith, Elhanan 1842 Saxton, Fredrick 1843 Smith, Francis 1844 Sherwood, Julius 1844 Smead, Thomas 1844 Scott, W. G 1845 Stevens, N . Miller 1849 Siebensck, James J 1857 Shaw, J. H 1869 Stone, Judson W 1871 Smith, D. W 1872 Sherwood, Edmund 1879 Sittser, John A 1874 Sanderson, John F 1874 Sickler, Harvey 1875 Smith, C 1875 Stroud, Geo. D i876 Scouten, John G 1879 Stevens, O. D 1872 Thomas, Hiram 1833 Todd, Thomas 1850 Tyler, Hugh " ' . 1847 Truesdale, L. M 1851 Tutton, Geo. S 1852 Tozer, Ralph 1853 Thompson, R. J 1871 Thompson, William II 1869 Talbot, D. Smith 1872 Tozer, J. S 1872 Thompson, Edward A 1880 Welles. C. F 1813 Williston, Henry 1818 Watkins, Wm 1828 Wilmot, David 1829 Wood word, G. W 1834 Ward, Christopher L 1837 Williston. L. P 1837 Wilcox, Hutchins T 1840 Wattles, Morris S 1844 Wilcox, 1844 Wells, Thomas 1844 Webb, Henry G 1849 Watkins, Guy H 1853 Willard, W. W 1858 Willard, Chas. F 1859 Williams, H. N 1859 Watkins, G. M 1868 Williams, John G 1882 Walker, Edward 1882 The following is a list of the members of the Bradford county bar now in practice, arranged according to seniority of admission : H. C. Baird September 9, 1842 E. B. Parsons February 7, 1849 N. C. Elsbree February 8, 1849 H. J. Madill May 8, 1851 D' A. Overton February 8, 1853 I. N. Evans February 8, 1853 Edward Overton, Jr May 3, 1858 Benj. M. Peck September 3, 1860 James Wood September 3. 1860 Wm. T. Davies September 6, 1861 Delos Rockwell February 6, 1862 John W. Mix December 7, 1863 John N. Califf May 2, 1864 Wm. Foyle February 16, 1870 324 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. D. C. DeWitt December 5, 1870 H. F. Mayuard December 14, 1871 Heary Streeter February 19, 1872 Isaiah McPherson May 6, 1872 S. W. Little May 5, 1873 J. F. Shoemaker September 1, 1873 W. E. Chilson March 27, 1874 A. C. Fanaing September 21, 1874 J. A. Wilt February 17. 1875 R. A. Mercur May 3. 1875 William Maxwell Mav 3, 1875 William Little September 20, 1875 E. ,J. Angle December 15, 1876 L. M. Hall May 16, 1877 W. J. Young May 16, 1877 Arthur Head May 16, 1877 Chas. M. Hall May 16, 1877 James H. Codding February 21, 1879 Sam W. Buck May 8, 1879 John W. Codding September 5, 1879 J. C. Horton February 11, 1880 M. E. Lilley May 5, 1880 Iq other words there are fifty-seven attornej^s now in the practice in the county. . _, W. C. Sechrist December 6, 1880 Eugene A. Thompson. .December 6, 1880 E. J. Cleveland December 7, 1880 H. F. Johnson Decemi.er 5, 1881 W. C. Douglas May 17, 1882 J. T. McCollom September 5, 1882 Chas. E. Bullock February 12, 1884 Jas. H. Webb September 19, 1885 Julius T. Corbin September 11, 1886 R. H. Williams February 7, 1887 E. Langdon Hart September 15, 1887 W. E. Lane September 17, 1887 Harry P. Corser May 6, 1889 Benj. Kuvkendall, Jr Mav 6, 1889 JohnC. Ingham May 6, 1889 Warren W. Johnson August 27. 1889 Louis T. Hoyt September 11, 1889 F. E. Beers May 12, 1890 Lee Brooks September 10. 1890 H. K. Mitchell September 10, 1890 Stephen H. Smith May 15, 1891 CHAPTER XVIII. • PHYSICIANS. Early Practice of Medicine — The Old-Time Heroics— The Ancient Hoodoo, Charms, Blood-Letting and Hot AYater — Calomel and Salivation—License to Practice— Homeopathy— Medical Society — Present Officers — List of Registered Practitioners — Etc. EVERY civilization has its age of medical practice — periods that to many of the poor victims, could they revisit the glimpses of the moon, would, no doubt, emphatically pronounce episodes m their particular lives. The hoodoo doctors were, as a race, consummate humbugs, and tortured often with no higher purpose than that of pelf. Some of them honestly believed in their occult power to exorcise witches and disease, and sold their charms and horrid decoctions in the grim faith that they were inspired by supernatural wisdom. The tenacity with which a superstition will cling to a people is seen in the faith an ignorant negro will to-day place in a rabbit's foot, or the faith in the power over life and death of the reeking midnight ceremonies of tlie hoodoo. After hundreds of years' contact with the whites, from generation to generation, have been transmitted, in form but slightly modified in all that time, the rank superstitions to which they were born in the jungles of Africa. Apparently the most tenacious superstitions of all cling to the practice of medicine — curing diseases, and especially here it is that HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 325 io-norance driven from one stronghold, bobs up serenely in another. In the slow evolution of the science of curing- the ills that flesh is heir to, these superstitions find their way into the books and schools, and are sifted down through the centuries. The books and schools of medicine were loath, it seems, to reach the realization that the science of medicine is an evolution; a bold experiment always, and there is little or no authority of precedent in the case. The schools too much refer to the ancients, with that curious ingrained faith, generally denied, but often lingering, that the old times were the good times, and that there was once in the world the Golden Age, whereas, if you could locate that persistent fiction, you would find the goodness and wisdom of that period were wretched cannibals or clouted wild men. If you could only read a real book of medicine, published three hundred years ago, it wouhi surely tend to weaken your faith in even very old men of your own time. A very modern thing is the licensing of doctors — lawyers were shrewd enough to protect their guild many centuries ago, but until lately a quack, or even a hoodoo doctor, if he could only get the patients, had the same right to practice as the graduate of the most ancient university. Doctors were often given to hang their diplomas, in Latin on fair parchment, on their office walls, as perhaps an induce- ment and inspirer of confidence to the afflicted. The race in the line of patients was not always to the graduate. The quack advertised his goods and wares, and often waxed rich and owned houses and blocks, while the poor graduate, covered witli Latin diplomas, starved in his dreary garret. The State has joined hands in these modern times with the profession, and the public health is officially watched over. The next step naturally would be to make official doctors, and thus add a splendid retinue to the list of official patronage. Such a proposition, absurd as it would be, no doubt would find eager advocates, and in conventions and on election days we would see duplicated the late scenes in Ireland, where church pastors and shillalah warmed up the vicinity of every voting bootii. But it should not be forgotten that there are many arguments for the appointment in our cities of meat inspectors, deemed essential to the welfare of the community in secur- ing healthy food, whether tenderloins or neck. In the story of Gil Bias is a biting sarcasm on the ancient practice of medicine. It is there laid down that the secret of the whole science is in " hot water and bleeding." If the ])atient got well it was science that cured him ; if he died, it was plain that more blood-letting and hot water would have saved him. Nothing could be plainer or simpler, and nothing could exceed the people's faith and awe of the eminent practitioners. The very simplicity of the science added immeasurably to its profundity, and vested it with a deep superstition and reverence in the common mind. Don Quixote was a death-blow to ancient Knight Errants, but Gil Bias was hardly more than grist to the hopper of the medical quacks. The respective States have passed license laws for doctors, but, of necessity, this curious proviso generally found its way in the act : Every physician who had been regularly in the practice a certain number of years, was by virtue thereof to be considered authorized to 326 HISTOEY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. practice. Immediately followed the curious fact that the State was protecting a gang of ignorant quacks, equally with the college gradu- ates. Where, before, the graduate could show his diplomas, now the impostor could show the law, a far stronger authorit}^ than any college could grant. To this the statesman could answer: You petitioned us in the name of protecting community, and we did the best we could. Granting licenses is a growing institution, but after all it is a two- edged sword. The pretext for enacting the law is, to the common mind, fair and unanswerable, even if its actual practice is sometimes a boomerang to its ablest advocates. The people will sleep upon their rights whenever the State undertakes to guard them. An enter- prising butcher, in a Western town, offered the town council $500 for an authorized license to sell meat. With an open, free market, where the farmers could come in their wagons and peddle meats, the butcher was getting rich. Not long after his offer was rejected the word passed around that he had purchased and beefed a diseased animal. Customers passed by his doors then, and in a brief time he was a bankrupt and out of business. In the same town lived a physician who was a several-times graduate, and experienced in the sick room ; a cultured man, and justly eminent in the profession. There, too, lived a coarse, dliterate, ignorant woman, but cunning, who from scrubbing began nursing, and finally doctoring the sick, and growing bolder and bolder, and imposing on the ignorant until the physician was finally outraged by the request to a consultation with this female fraud. Thereupon, he went to work and never rested until the State had enacted a physician's license law. It provided that all who had been ten years consecutively in practice, without regard, should be considered licensed. The old woman easily made out her case, and lo ! the doctor had hit himself and helped her immenseh'^ — in the law they stood exactly equal, and now her new and glaring doctor's sign swings in the wind near where once was the doctor's modest one simply indicating the place of his office. Theory and practice in law-making are often distmct things, and ancient precedent as a rule, is a poor doctor. Plenty of men living can tell you of the great changes in the prac- tice of medicine that have come in the past tifty years. Within that time the brutal practice of deliberately salivating patients has passed away. It was cruel and barbarous in the extreme. In later time than that has mostly disapjieared the intolerable idea that patients must be denied everj^thing thev^ craved, and to see a poor fever-victim burning and willing to die for a draught of cold water, when he was offered warm elm or toast water only; bled, blistered and gorged with calomel and jalap, here were simpl}^ tortures that would pale the lights of the evil hour of the dreadful Inquisition. The modern and ancient treatment of the insane is a distinct finger mark in the highway of civilization. Better food, better ventilation and better drainage have contributed their share to the average lengthening of life, that is the greatest feature that marks the past century. JVl uch of this we owe to the men who have studied the subject of medicine and who have striven to make a science of the curing of diseases and alleviating- the suffer- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 327 ings of mankind. The physician should, and doubtless will in time, take his place as among the greatest and best of men. He will fill the open niche some da}', and reverse this dreary heathenism that the "great" man is he who has butchered most of his fellow-men and not he who has saved most from disease and suffering. That woman strong and great enough to reform the dress of her sister from the pres- ent barbarisms a,nd intolerable outrages, on not only " the human form divine," but the health and lives of posterity, should be crowned with supreme honors. The good physician should here find an inviting field to throw his influence in the aid of this noble work, so heroically being pushed by a few of our si)lendid women of the day. The names of the first pioneer physicians are generally given in the dilTerent township histories. In 1817 a change in the prevalent ideas of treatment, as well as medicines, was impending. The busy Thomp- sonian with his " vegetable yarbs," teas and corn sweats was loosened upon the land. He sniffed his defiance at " Mercury," and the pill war was on. Patients would rebel, drink cold water, and in spite of the books get well. Then sometimes the doctors of all "faiths" were guilty of the indiscretion, in times of much sickness, of neglecting whoU}^ certain poor patients, and these would violate all sense of decency and show a better rate of recovery than those doctored the most. The " regulars " were not dumb nor blind, but saw these things, and adopted the latest discoveries forced upon them, and to-day, with sixty thousand people, there is but a small per cent of the calomel now used that there was when the total population was less than six thou- sand, and the lancet, hammer, and chisel and burning irons are since given over to the veterinary surgeons —hardly a fair deal for the iwor faithful horse. In 181:7 about twenty physicians of the county met at the court- house for purpose of forming an association; Dr. Samuel Huston being- elected president, and Dr. Alexander Madill, secretary. Two or three meetings were held, and one was appointed at Troy, but Drs. Madill and Bliss were the only ones present, and the association now took a rest of two years. In 1849 a meeting convened at the "Ward House," Towanda — nine members. This required that members should be graduates, or licensed by some medical board, or in honorable practice fifteen years. This society was in active organization twenty nine years, and on its roll of membership were nearly all the "regulars" in the county. Dr. G. F. Horton of this body 'was president of the State Society in 1862 ; he made a geological report and map of the State in 1858. About the same time Dr. E. H. Mason made a report of the hydrography of the State. One of the earliest physicians of note in the county was Stephen Hopkins, of Tioga Point (Athens), who settled there in the summer of 1790. He soon became a noted physician ; built the first frame house in Athens. He died March 29, 1841 ; his widow, Jemima (Lindslev), died August 16, 1830. "Dr. Adonijah Warner arrived and located in Athens in 1792, and at once formed a partnership with Dr. Hopkins, who vvas there when he came ; Dr. Warner remained in Athens five years, and then removed 228 HISTORY OF HRADFOHD COUNTY. to Sheshequin and taught school, and provided in his contract for the privilege of visiting patients, selling his practice. He had carried all the drugs antl potions he had in his materia meclwa with him through the wilderness from Philadelphia. Dr. Warner married Nancy Means of Towanda, in 1798, in Wysox, where he died in 1840, aged eighty- three." Dr. Amos Prentice came and located in Athens in 1797. His house and residence were on Cayuia creek. He died Juh' 19, 1805. Dr. Spring came to Athens early in the century — married a sister of John Shepard — widow Grant. Dr. Thomas T. Huston was a practicing physician in Athens forty- five years. His father w^as a lieutenant in the navy during the Revo- lution. A brother was Judge Charles Huston. Dr. Dorman was the first in Wysox. He left there in 1792. Dr. Adonijah AYarner succeeded Dorman in Wysox, and settled the place of Robert Panning. Dr. Nathan Scoville was anearh^ practitioner in Wyalusing. Dr. Daniel Baker was for a long time the most prominent physician of the place. HomeoiKitliy — Dr. Silas E. Shepard was probably the first of this school in the county. He Avas a preacher; settled in Troy in 1828, and took up the practice of medicine, and when he removed to New Yoi'k, turned his patients over to his brother. Dr. Samuel W. Shepard, who successfully practiced until quite recently, and is now mostly retired ; considers himself wholly so, but occasionally prescribes for some old friends. Dr. Peonard Pratt, of Towanda, still in the harness, commenced the practice here in 1846. Remained in Towanda seven years, and removed to Chicago. Dr. Pratt's father-in-law. Dr. Belding (old school), was practicing in Le Raysville in the " forties." Dr. J. L. Corbin, of Athens, was in Towanda with Dr. Peonard Pratt ; removed to his present residence in Athens. Dr. Nebediah Smith began the practice of homeopathy here in 1848. Dr. D. S. Pratt graduated at Philadelphia (old school). Pocated in Towanda 1851, but commenced the practice here with liis brother, of honie()])athy, and is still one of the leading ])hysicians of the county. In 1860 the leading physicians of all schools in the county were : G. F. Horton. JohnE. Ingham, Theseus Barnes, E. H. Mason, Theodore P. Pratt, D. T.Abel, David Codding, Dr. Gorham, Kinney, of Rome, A. R. Axtell, Georg-e II. Morgan, Charles R. Padd, Alfred Parsons, Edward Mills, William Claggett, Benj. DeWitt, Horace P. Moodv, Volney Hornet, E. G. Tracy, H. S.Cooper. D. N. and F. G. Newton.' In 1880 the law required phN'sicians in practice to register in the recorder's office, name, date of graduation or commencement of prac- tice. The list appearing on the records is as follows : Allen, Omaso, H., Monroe township,. Allen, Ezra P., Athens 1847 Axtell, Allen K., Troy .1843 Anderson. Manton E., Sayre 1880 Allen, William E., Smithfield 1880 Armstrong, Addi.«on A., Austinville..l883 Ayers, Sherman E., Philadelphia 1884 Bartlett, H. A.. Sugar Run Barrett, ,T. W., Orwell 1874 Brown, F. W., Athens 1874 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 329 Badger, S. W., Athens 1873 Beidleman, Addisou, Sheshequin Brooks, R. W., Canton 1873 Bash, Horace, Wyalusing 1875 Bishop, Stephen C, Wysox township Bowers, Jeremiah K., Reading, Pa, ..1873 Beers, James Lewis, Sayre 1880 Beach, Lewis L., Springfield Beach, Chas. A., Troy Boro 1883 Beach, R. Belle, Troy 1883 Beach, Eliza J., Waverly, N. Y 1876 Blackwell, Clarence H., Granville Centre 1884 Barker, Perley N., Troy 1887 Byron, Lawrence, Barclay 1886 Blair, A. Strvker, Ulster." 1882 Bancroft, A. A., Towanda 1869 Codding, David S., LeRaysville Cloveriiale, Helen ]\[., Towanda Boro. Carpenter, P. S., Austin ville 1875 Corbin, J. L., Athens 1874 Conklin, Gustavius, Orwell 1862 Cory, J. H., Springfield 1878 Clagett, W. L. , Standing Stone 1874 C^ole, C. H.. Sheshequin 1849 Cowell, S. S , Smithfield Ciiilson, R. R., Ridscebury, Twp 1876 Cole, J. Howard, Gillett 1854 (Heveland, J. E., Canton Corey, Wm., Springfield Carrier. C. W., West Burlington Twp.1862 Cogswell, M. J., Tuscarora 1866 Corr, Jno., Towanda Codding, Chas. L., Towanda 1883 Case, George M., Sylvania 1884 Clark, Byron, Washington, Washing- ton Co 1880 Cowell. Edward M.. Smithfield 1885 Chamberlain, John W., Wyalusing. .1886 Colt, Samuel F., Wysox township. . . . Corastock, Gatis S.. Grover, 1874 Champlin, Henry W., Towanda 1881 Cemens, Henry 8., AUentown. Pa... 1861 Cheney. Nelson, Jamestown, N. Y. . .1868 Dare, Chas. V., Troy 1854 Davison, James, Canton 1856 Denvers, HattieO., Towanda Dusenbury, C. S., Le Riysville 1865 Dickerson, Mahlon D., Milan Divis, Robert G., Athens 1882 Devyer. Chas. S., Springfield 1888 Eakius, Emory A.. Chicago, 111 1869 Everitt, E. A., Burlington 1856 Everett, John E., Burlington 1887 Foster, Eraeline M., Towanda Prisbie W. L., Orwell 1869 Furman. .John M., Terry Fitch, H. LeRay, Wyalusing 1882 Fanekner, James N., Williamsport, Pa 1875 Gamble, Thos. A., East Troy 1873 Griflith, Wm. P., Towanda 1881 Gray, T. D.. Sylvania 1875 Gregory, George W., Troy 1879 Gamble, M. D., East Troy ... Granger, Lewis E. , Le Rays ville 1882 Glover, Henry A., Windham town- ship 1882 Harshbarger, D. W., New Albany. . . Hornet, Volney. Camptown 1856 Holcomb, W. H., Le Roy township. . Horton, George F., Terrytown 1827 Hull, Waston C, Monroetou 1861 Hubbard, D. G. , Carbon Run 1869 Hillis, Wm. J., Barclay 1858 Hooker, Carlton C, Alba Hopkins, Chas. F., Monroe 1884 Haines, Chas. A., East Canton 1880 Hooper, Elizabeth M., Elmira, N. Y.1883 Holcomb, Guy C, Ulster 1887 Harshbarger. W. F., New Albany. . .1881 Holcomb, John T. , Athens 1881 Hammond, Charles M.,Bentley Creek 1885 Haines, John F. , Le Roy 1888 Johnson, T. B., Towanda 1868 Johnson, Charles H., Barclay 1873 Junk, William A., Wilmot township. Judson, Azariah, Litchfield 1845 Jones, Lorenzo A. , Terry 1872 James, C. W., Towanda 1862 Kiersted, Charles F., South Creek township 1872 Keyes, Francis W., Orcutt Creek. . . . Knapp, C. B., Stevensville 1868 Knapp, H. L., Windham 1860 Kilborn, H. B., Franklin Kline, EflFenger R. , Say re 1882 Kinsman, Hiram T., Smithfield. . . . Kinsman, Hiram T., East Smithfield. 1887 Ladd, Charles K., Towanda 1877 Lyman, J. W., Towanda .1849 Lewis, W. S., Canton 1873 Lenard, Volney, Springfield 1879 Langhead, J., Gillett. .^ 1854 Lyon, W. D., Franklin. Lewis, Frank B., Athens 1884 Lantz, Lester R. . Franklin 1879 La Plant, Hiram D., Sayre 1891 Morse, Levi, Litchfield 1868 Mf'Lachlan, John. Granville town- ship 1879 Mingos, Leonard M., Towanda 1878 Montanve, Lester D., Towanda 1861 Madill.F. F., Wvsox 1855 Mack, C. W.. Windham Murdock. Robert, Burlington 1872 Moody, H. M., Smithfield 1866 Morrow. F. G., Warren Centre 1872 Mills, Edward, Ulster 1839 Mott, Limes. Burlington 1830 Manley, L. Edward, Le Roy 1883 McAuliiT, James. Barclay 1883 Marshall, Sarah P., Sheshequin Mathews, Alexander L., Sugar Run.. 1882 McCreary, John H., Herrick 1866 Musgrow, Charles N., Austinville. . .1879 Mercur, John D. , Towanda 1878 Morey, Edgar B., Waverly, N. Y....1889 330 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, Moshier, James S., Sylvania 1891 Moore, Jason H., Pittston, Pa 1887 Newton, D. N., Towanda 1848 Newton, F. G.. Towanda 1880 Nesbit, Andrew D., Stevensville 1887 Olmstead, Edward M., Sayre 1887 Payne, E. D. , Towanda 1857 Parsons, James W., Canton, Pa 1880 Park, Ira R., Overton township 1870 Pratt, D. S., Towanda 1851 Payne, Clias. F., Troy 1866 Planck, C. H., Albany 1869 Purdy, Nathan C, Grover 1855 Peebles, J. M., Hammondton, N. J. .1876 Pratt, C. Mauville, Towanda Pratt, E. Lenord, Towanda (iuick , P. A. , Wilmot 1874 Rockwell, O. H., Monroe 1873 Reed, Chas., Wysox 1880 Ransom, Wm. C, Sheshequin Rice, William, Rome Roberts. Wra., Pike township Reed, Miles E. , Camptown 1883 Rosenbloom, Chas. A., Pittsburg, Pa. Reichard, Noah W., Herrickville 1887 Rice. Frederick W., Rome 1889 Struk, Solomer, Wyalusing Smith, Cady. Alba 1879 Scoville, D. C, Wyalusing Spalding, Julia H., Rome 1877 Smith, Nedebiah, Canton Stone, Geo. W. , Rome Stephens, A. R. , Herrick 1855 Shepard, S. W., Troy Scott, C. H. , Sayre Smith, L. B., Ulster Schoonmaker, Irving, Ulster 1884 Strunk, Benj. F.. Wyalusing 1883 Summer, Porter H., Wyalusing 1883 Stevens, Cyrus Lee, Athens 1880 Stevens, Franklin M. , Sayre 1885 Smith, Mary E., Waverly, N. Y 1884 Terry, Miner F., Terry township. . ..1864 Towner, H. L. , Athens 1879 Tracy, E.G., Troy Tracy, Geo. P., Burlington 1859 Thompson, Ferdinand A., Durrell. . . Taylor, Geo. B., Towanda 1885 Tracy, Polly S., Smithfield 1886 Underwood, J. D., Smithfield 1865 Verbryck, Geo. G., Canton towns'p .1884 Vanners, Ira F., Sayre 1885 Vansponsen, John W., Athens 1887 Woodburn,S. M., Towanda 1872 Warner, Phebe, Windham Wilder, Theo, Springfield 1857 Worthing. C. C, Rome 1844 Wilson, Henry A., Sugar Run 1S82 Weaver, Geo. S. , Sayre 1882 Wood. Florence D. , Smithfield 1876 Washburn, Silas F., Rome 1865 Wilcox, W.B., LeRoy 1857 Medical Society 0/ftWrs.- — President, Rev. S. F. Colt; Vice-Presidents, A. S. Blair, C. N. Hammond; Secretary, I. N. Schoonmaker; Treasurer, D. N. Newton; Censors, C. F. Stevens, W. F. Harshberger, T. B. Johnson, F. A. Thompson, W. L. Claggett, CHAPTER XIX NEWSPAPERS. Introductory— The Argus— The Rp^porter-Journal—The Repub- lican AND other Prominent Journals and Journalists in Brad- ford County. THE jolly knights of the " stick" and " editorial scissors " of Brad- ford county, sandwiched with the contingent of reportorial " Fabers." are a crew fit for gods to journey over the troubled sea of journalism with. Our "office cat" purringly remarks, and he is rigiit too, that the country printing office is the greatest institution in the world. The Mecca of spring poets and sweet girl graduates, the best school that has ever taught ; the loadstone of budding genius ; and the merrv trysting ground of as clever a set of fellows as ever went on an annual excursion. There are tiiirteen live weekly papers in the county, besides a daily and weekly. They nest in Towanda, four of them— the Daily HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 333 Bevlew, by the Mclvee Brothers, all as clever as the day is long ; are independent in politics, but quote in full all of "Doug's" political stump speeches, and thereby have a barrel of fun — -"Doug" being a self-appointed independent institution, his "interminable intellectual corruscations " — next ? ThQ Argus remmds one of James' lone horseman that "might have been seen/' Its editor, E. Ashmun Parsons, can boast that in the throng, Democratically, he stands alone, " grand, glittering and peculiar," and confesses he has the best paper in Northern Pennsyl- vania, and admits that if business keeps improving he will have to get a "Hoe" in place of his hydraulic press. "Ash" is the son of his father, and the two in succession liave been in the same printing office more than fifty yea)'s, and if old Bradford comes in solidly Democratic, and no other paper is started to disturb his dreams, it may be depended upon he will do his best to live a thousand years ; with an "alf and alf " county ticket elected, the boy smiles from ear to ear, and nolens volens is a clever gentleman and a good newspaper man. His father, Judi'-e Parsons, is now retired; is hale, hearty and Democratic. The Eeporter-Journal is the leading paper in the county in age and in the length of its subscription list. "Roster: D. M. Turner, business manager; H. F. Marsh, editor, and C. H. Turner, " local." The whole outfit are as clever a set of gentlemen as you ever found, and after a careful search not a single " kicker " could be found. If you want to know all about Republicanism, straight and from the shoulder, ask them— any one of them. The Rejnihlican is presided over by Judge Judson Ilolcomb, and is owned by this gentleman and Charles'^L. Tracy, and, except when the Judge was in Washington in attendance upon one of the seven Con- gresses, in which he was Index Clerk, when his assistant, Edward J. Holcomb, was at the helm, he is busy at the office desk. Owing to the election last fall, the Judge says he will resign (a kind of neces- sary interregnum) his Washington pfflce. and roll up his sleeves for the whole Republican ticket in 1892. These men make a successful paper of the liejnthlican. _ These are the " boys" that " festive" around the county capital — print first-class country papers, attend their respective churches with unflagging regularity, and every one keeps posted on the last base-ball contest, and every time one of them misses an annual editorial meet- ing he is sorry for it all the next winter and summer. In Athens the oldest printer now^ there is Charles Hinton, of the Gazette. He is the successor of " Brick" Pomeroy, who learned his trade mostly in that place. Mr. Hinton revived tlie Gazette after its many vicissitudes and failures, and looks as much like a hard-working case printer as there is in the county. Tiie Gazette w^as revived into vigorous life in 1871 by Mr. Hinton, a seven-column folio, and enlarged to eight columns, and then changed, in 1800, to its present quarto form. Hinton sold, in 1874, to Spalding and Fraser; and in two months the whole was burned— a total loss. In 1876, Mr. Hinton resolved there should something occur that year worthy our country, and so he again revived the Gazette, and" thus it now lives and flourishes. No 18 334 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. man in the county knows more about the make-up or business manage- ment of a paper than he. The Neios is S. W. Alvord's paper (Independent-Eepublican), and, though comparatively young, is spicy, and he handles a facile pen. At Troy may be found A. S. Hooker, of the Noi^thern Tier-Gazette^ and Frank Loorais, of the Register. Mr. Hooker is a senior Trojan, and their papers are fully spoken of further on. Charles D. Derrah is a lone Sentinel on the watch-tower. The Canton Sentinel was established in May, 1871, by C. H. Butts & Son, of Williamsport, a seven-column folio. They ran it till 1879, and then sold out to A. B. Bowman and Charles Bullock, who ran it till January, 1883, when they sold it to C. D. Derrah. In March it was changecl to an eight-page quarto, six-column paper. This was the first paper started in Canton. It had no opposition until 1889, when the Herald was started by C. S. Holcomb, but was only run two years. The Wyalusing RocTiet is presided over by J. S. Hamaker, who learned his trade in Towanda and graduated like a house-a-fire. The Rocket was started in May, 1887, by C. A. Stowell, and at one time was conducted by S. W. Alvord, and purchased by Mr. Hamaker in 1888, who has boomed it with great success ; he is a man of ability and unflagging energy. It is proper to say here that the Wyalusing Star^ independent, a seven-column folio, struggled six months and quit. Monogram, LeRoy, a new paper in that village, hardly more than on its feet yet, was started by Mr. Holcomb. Sayre times, a very modest, neat paper of Sayre, was started in the early part of 1891. C. L. Francisco' is the proprietor. The first venture in that place in this line, it gives evidence of success. The LeRaijsville Advertiser.— ThQ first newspaper published at LeKavsville was called " LeRaysville Union,'' founded August 25, 1865, bv S.'F. Lathrop. The next was founded May 2, 1879, called '^ The LeRaysville Advertiser'' and was published by P. C. Van Gelder & Son. January 1, 1887, it was purchased by E. H. Codding, and August 1, 1887, F. M. Wheaton was admitted as partner, and the paper is now published bv Codding & Wi)eaton. Thomas Simpson, in 1813, published the Bradford Gazette, the fiv^t newspaper printed in the county— the oifice being located at " Means- ville," near the Episco])al church, opposite Jesse Woodruff's tailor shop. He continued to publish the Gazette about one year, when he sold his interest in the paper to Burr Bidgeway, who continued to print it for a little more than three years. During that time, and while the editor was on the days of appeals as county commissioner, Octavius A. Holden, who had charge of the paper in his absence, issued six numbers of a paper stvled " The Times'' the object of which was to advertise the unseated"^ lands, a majority of the commissioners being Federals and opposed to patronizing the Gazette, and took this opportunity and paid Holden to print six numbers of the " Times'' under the direction of Simon Kinney, county treasurer, and issued the same as their dates matured. The scheme did not succeed, as the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 335 treasurer did not think it prudent to sell upon such notice, and thus ended the " Tiynes.'' The Washingtonian^ the first Federal pa]ier in the county, was edited by Lewis C. Franks, who continued its publication for about one year, 1817, when it was turned over to Octavius A. Holden, who dis- continued its publication after a short time. Its motto was — " I claim as large a charter as the winds, to blow on whom I please." The Bradford Gazette^ which was Democratic-Republican in poli- tics, was ])urcl]ased by Streeter & Benjamin in 1818, and its name changed to Bradford Settler. The Bradford Settler, Avas purchased in 1821 by George Scott, who remained the editor and pul)lisber for two years, wiien he was succeeded by James P. Bull, who conducted the paper in the interest of the company representing the McKean interest in politics, being- Democratic. In 1830 Mr. Bull sold the Settler to Hamlet A. Kerr, who edited it for a short time. In 1833 Dr. Hiram Rice succeeded to the office and material, and changed the name of the ]y,x\)QV to the JVortJiem Banner. He continued the |)ublication of the paper for two years, its politics remaining unchanged, being ardently Jacksonian. The Towanda Eepuljlican was published in 1826-27 by Warren Jenkins as an opposition paper (National Republican) to the Jacksonian Democracy. \\\ 1828-29 Burr Ridgway succeeded to it, and continued its publication for two or three years when it ceased to appear. The Northern Banner was purchased by E. S. Goodrich in 1835, and continued for about two years, when it was sold to J. C. Cantine and others who combined it with the Democrat under the title of the Banner and Democrat. The Bradford Democrat was established as the organ of the McKean wing (the Banner having ceased to support it) of the Deuiocratic party in 1836-37. It was published by Cantine & Ilogan for a time. Mr. Cantine was succeeded by H. A. Beebe, subsequently of the Owego Gazette, who continued its publication till 1841, when it was d iscon ti n ued . The Bradford Argufi. the oldest paper in the county, was origin- ally founded as the Anti-Masonic Democrat, started at Troy in or about 1830, by O. P. Ballard. Dr. £. R. Utter bought the Democrat in 1832 33, removed it to Towanda and changed its name to the Brad- ford Argus, and its politics to that of the Whig party. Mr. Utter continued the Argus until 183-1, when he associated George Wayne Kinney and Dummer Lilley, practical printers, in the publication of the paper, the firm being known as Utter, Kinney & Lilley. This arrangement was short-lived, Mr. Utter regaining the sole control agam. In 1836 he sold the concern to Dummer Lilley, who continued the j)aper until November, 1839, when he sold it to Col. Elhanan Smith. B. F. Powell and E. A. Parsons, who, under the name of Smith, Powell & Parsons, continued the publication till 1841, when Col. Smith, who had been the editor, sold his interest to Parsons & Powell, and Powell to Parsons in 1851, whereupon the latter became the sole proprietor of the paper. In November of the same year the estab- 336 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. lishment was burned to the ground, it being a total loss, but was re- estal)lished by Mr. Parsons in the short sj)ace of five Aveeks. Mr. Par- sons continued to conduct the Arc/us in the interests of the Whig party till that organization went out of existence, then as a Republi- can paper till 1862, when it withdrew from the Republican cause and supjwrted the " People's ticket." It became a Democratic organ in 1864, and was edited by Jacob De Witt till 1866, when Mr. Parsons placed his son, E. Ashmun, in charge of the paper, who enlarged it; put in hydraulic power and otherwise improved it. The junior Par- sons is still the editor of the Argus. The Bradford. Porter. — The first number of this paper was issued in June, 1840, by E. S. Goodrich, in the interest of Gov. Porter, of Pennsylvania, and continued so to do for a lime; but the Governor's policy" becoming distasteful to the editor, he added a prefix to the name in December, 1843, and christened it The Bradford Reporter., which remained unchanged till January, 1885. In 1841, the Demo- crat having been discontinued, the Reporter became the organ of the Democratic party in the county, and so remained until the Free-Soil controversy arose, when it espoused the cause of " Free-Soil," and battled vigorously against the extension of the " peculiar institution," being a zealous supporter of David Wibnot, and an efficient advocate of his measures to prevent the spread of slavery. In 1845 Mr. Good- rich retired from the paper, and for a short time E. O. and H. P. Goodrich conducted it ; but in 1846 the former became the sole pro- prietor, and pubUshed the paper till 1863. lie then surrendered it to S .W. Alvord, for one year, and again assumed control and continued to edit and publish it until 1869, at which date Mr. Alvord again succeeded to its control and management, and so continued until 1879 when he quit the paper. From 1879 to 1881 C, II. Allen was the local editor of the paper, and Mr. Goodrich the editor and proprietor, onlv having before leased to Mr. Alvord. From 1881 to 1882 C. H. Allen was editor of the paper, which was ow^ned bv the Goodrich estate, tdl February, 1882, when it was sold to H. F. Marsh and J. E. Ilitclicock, the former being the editor- in-chief. Marsh & Hitchcock continued the publication of the Reporter till 1885, when it was consolidated with the Towanda Jourrial, under the name of Reporter-Journal, the first issue being dated January 8th. The politics of the paper is Republican. The proprietors are: H. F. Marsh, J. E. Hitchcock, D. M. Turner, C. II. Turner; H. F. Marsh, editor; C. H. Turner, local editor. Upon the formation of the Repub- lican party the Reporter became its oi'gan in the county, and has ever since been immutable in its politics. The Penmsylvania Backvjoodsman was issued in 1845-46, as a liter- arv periodical, by Henrv Booth and C. L. Ward. ^ The North Branch Dermcrat \vas published a short time in 1850 as an anti-Wilmot organ, Wien Forney, of Philadelphia, being nominally the editor and publisher. The Bradford Times was established and sup|.orted by the Demo- cratic State Central Committee, under the direction of C. L. Ward, J. F. Means and V. E. Piollet, and first issued in June, 1856, by D. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. X}'^ McKinley Mason, who was the editor in charge. Mason remained in charge of the paper until after the close of the Buchanan campaign, when it was leased to John G. Fries, of Bioomshurg, Pa., wlio con- tinued its pubhcation til] some time in 1857. In 1858 the material of the office was leased to Chase & Keeler who founded 77ie Bradford Herald. The Bradford Herald was also closely devoted to the interests of the Democratic party. In 1859 O. D. Goodenough bought out Mr. Keeler, and the paper was continued for about a year by Chase & Goodenough, who sold to Ferguson laced in charge, also serves Canton, Cascade and Ralston. St. JoJui's Nepomucene Roman Catholic Chur'ch, at Troy, was pur- chased about 1859 from the Episcopalians, having been formerly used by that denomination. It was blessed and dedicated. The church and missions were previously attended from St. Andrews, Blossburg, Pa., and SS. Peter and Paul's, Tow^anda. The first resident pastors of St. John's was Rev. C. Maugan, 1859, and afterward attended by Rev. Florence McCarthy, who was succeeded by Rev. John Loughlin, who HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 353 Avas succeeded b}^ Rev. M. P. Stack, who was succeeded by Rev. N. J. McManus, who was succeeded by Rev. M. H. Dunn, who was suc- ceeded by Rev. John Bergan, who was succeeded by Rev. P. J. Hurst, who was succeeded by Rev. M. J. Hoban, who was succeeded by present incumbent, Rev. T. J. Coraerford. p:arly preachers. East Canton M. E. Church. — The west Leroy church was built in 1857. Alba Baptist Church was erected in 1835 on the farm of Joel Taylor, and beino- blown down, the pieces were gathered and re- erected on the farm of David Palmer. The society was organized m 1818, and was connected with Canton much of the time. Revs. Bur- diclv, Dwyer, Lake, J. H. Dwyer, Levering. Burroughs, "Wells, Crowl. The church in Le Roy was built in 1855. Alhct Disciple Church.— Hev. M. C. Frick, pastor, 1Y5 members. He came to the charge in 1881 and extends his labors to Armenia, Grover, and the Spencer school-house in Union. Church was organized and built about 1810. Connected with Granville Centre during pastorate of Elder John L. Phoenix. Immediate cause of its organization was the exclusion from another church of S, E. Sheppard, Col. Irad Wilson and fifteen or sixteen others " for heresy." Elders, Randolph Manley, Leonard Lewis; deacons. J. P. Bates, P. Case, N. B. Case; trustees, N. B. Case, P. Case, Joiin Warren, Charles Warren, Leonard Lewis. Alba Seventh Day Adventists. — Organized August 5, 1883. J. L. Baker, elder; J. Lough head, deacon ; C. B. Loughliead, clerk, and Mrs. Esther Lougiihead, treasurer. Grover Disciple Clvureli. — A house of w^orship, but has no pastor at present. Grover Evangelical Church. — Rev. Mr. Vought, pastoi'. He also j^reaciies at Beech Flats where the society erected (in 1884) a tasteful little church. Grover Old School Baptist Church.. — Elder Durand ]u'eaches. East Troy and Columbia 31. E. Churches. — Rev. DeWitt Myers, pastor. He came in October, 1886. They have a neat church at Cross Roads. Since division and separation from Troy, S. A. Chub- buck, N. B. Congdon. David Crow, John \^an Kirk, J. W. Barnet, P. M. Joralemon, A. King and P. J. Bull have occupied the pulpits. East Troy Free Will Bapdist Church. — Rev. O. J. Moon; he serves at Baile3^"s Corners, in Granville. At the latter place a very neat little chapel was erected in 1883. N. W. Clark and Franklin Baxter, dea- cons. The East Troy Church is one of the oldest organizations in the township, erecting its first house of worship in 1839, during the pastor- ate of Rev. Asa Dodge. " The Old Churcli," sad to say, was sold and turned into a ''tavern," which was subsequently burned. Present house erected in 1865. The trustees are Joel and Leighton Calkins, C. R. Case, Zina Dunbar, Alfred Van Horn ; deacons, Zina Dunbar and Joel Calkins ; clerk, C. R. Case. Rev. Mr. Moon, the incumbent. Granville Disciple Church. — Rev. W. S. St. Clare, pastor. He preaches also at Le Roy. Dr. Silas E. Sheppard organized the Gran- 354 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ville Church in 18e32. The church of LeEoy Corners was erected in 1850. L. M. Leonard, Henry Arnold, P. R. Warren, Leroy Holcomb, George Morse and Hiram Stone, the elders. West G7'anmlle F^'eeWUl Baptist C/mrcA.— Organized 1833, wor- shiping at first in the Windfall school-house, afterward in the Union church, built about 1848 (now Mr. Josiah Warren's horse-barn), but since 1865 in their present very neat and comfortable house of wor- ship. M. B. Porter is clerk; Ciiarles Taylor, S. S. superintendent; Y. S. Land on and M. B. Porter, deacons ; and V. S. Landon, Henry Jen- nings, Hiram Kittle, M. B. Porter and James Merritt, Sr., trustees. Arfiie7iia Baptist Church.. — Organized, 1876. Rev. T. R. Jones closed labors in July, 1886. Without pastor. Deacon, Frank Mor- gan ; clerk, J. W. Riple^^ Armenia Wesley an Methodist C7ii/rc7i.—Rev.Mr. Porter, pastor, church built in 1880. Preaching also at the Wall school-house. Sylvania Preshyterian ChurcJi. — Organized in 1858. Adopted Presb\'terial order sometime afterward. The church was built in 1876. Rev. J. H. Jewell has been pastor thirty-five years. Sylminia Universalist Church. — Building erected in 1855 or 1856 as a Union Church by a combination of Baptists, Methodists, Presby- terians, Free Will Baptists, and " Kothingarians." The trustees now are A. M. Cornell, C. H. Ballard, Joseph Gladden and J. H. Calkins. Wells and C alumina Baptist Church. — In 1840 there was a Baptist organization of more than one hundred members at Sylvania. Removed to Austinville, where there is a large antl imposing church edifice. There is also one on *' Baptist Hill." Wells and Columhia Presbyterian Church. — In charge of Rev. Hallock Armstrong. '' His eye is not dim nor his natural force abated." His appointments are Aspin wall, JudsonHill, Mosierville and Colum-. bia Cross Roads. The latter society was organized in 1859. Elders and deacons, John McClelland and Gabriel Besle}^ Judson Hill M. E. Church. — An appointment on Daggett's Mills charge. Rev. J. Merring, pastor. Old church burned, doubtless by an incendiary. Present house erected about 1865. South Creek Baptist Church. — Located at Gillett. First building erected in 1858; second structure in 1877; Deacon John F. Gillett, Rev. Levi Stone, pastor. Springfield Baptist Church. — Organized in 1819 at the house of Major John Parkhurst, father of Eben F. Parkhurst. There were eighteen constituent members, embracing the Parkhursts, the Cooleys, the Bennetts, the Browns and the Adamses. First deacon, Isaac Cooley ; first clerk, Elam Bennett. Worsiiiped for some years in old school-house on land between tlie store and the Dr. Wilder place. Church built in 1845 under the labors of the present pastor, Rev. Thomas Mitchell, who entered the field in 1844. Other pastors have been Elam Bennett, Wm. Jones, Thomas B. Jayne, C. T. Hallowell, J. F. Rush and Rev. McLellan. A fine parsonage was built during Rev. C. T. Hallowell's term of service. W. W. Spalding, deacon ; Frank Ripley, T. Beards- ley, Marcus Strange, Geo. Cory, H. R. Gates, trustees. Springfield Universalist Church. — An old church building, now HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 355 thorout^hly organized and working, under the care and leadership of Rev. F. O. Eggleston, of Troy. Deacons: Wni. Cornell, Alfred Brace, Mrs. A. Brace. Trustees f Wm. Cornell, J. R. Guild, Wallace Mattocks, Stej)hen Brace and Mr. Plosley. Leona 31. E. Charge. — Organized in 1814, with six charter mem- bers : Joseph Grace, Elisha Fanning, David Brown and their wives. Some of the first preachers were: James FI. Baker, James Hall, John Griffin, Palmer Roberts, William Burge, Rev. Judd, Rev. Warner, Elom Parkhurst, Rev. Bennett, Rev. Rogers, Asa Orcutt. Rev. Gilmore and Solon Stocking. Ministers: J. K. Tinkham, E. O. Hall, C. L. F. Howe, John Powell, B. J. Tracy, J. E. Williams, P. J. Bull, J. R. Drake, W. Statham, (). N. Roberts, J. Lloyd Jones, C. M. Adams and others. Rev. C. D. Smith present pastor. There are two little churches at Mt. Pisgah's base. Methodist Ejnscopal Church of Big Pond. — Erected in 1883-4, under labors of Rev. J. A. Roberts. Alvin and Derrick Smith prom- inent workers. Rev. F. M. Sinitlj, pastor. Burlington M. F. Charge. — It is recorded that "the first Methodist minister who visited Burlington was Rev. Mr. Newman." "The old church," with its high pulpit, antique gallery and weather-beaten exterior, still stands, surrounded by the grass-grown graves and hum- ble headstones of the sleeping pioneers. Rev. C. M. Adams is the incumbent. Trustees, C. Rockwell, J. Blackwell, Jesse McKean, George Hill, Sherman Hill, Mr. Whitehead, Isaac Brown, Mr. Bailey, Decatur Pepper, Ed. Spencer, Mr. Thacker; stewards, Thomas Blackwell, Alfred Blackwell, Hilton Leonard, Joseph Rockwell, David Rundell, F. L. Stanton, H. Spencer, C. Fanning, D. S. Bourne, Sloan Ross, Will- iam Heath, and M. Rockwell. Protestant Methodist Church of Burlington. — Rev. Mr. Crump at Towanda preaches fortnightly in pleasant little church of the denomi- nation at Hickory Grove. Evangelical Ghm^ch in Burlington. — Burlington borough, Luther's Mills and Mountain Lake. Rev. Mr. Golding, Rev. G. B. Gallagher appointed, Union Church, Hickory Grove. No sermons at present canton's congregation. The Methodists formed a church at Canton in 1817, and the follow- ing were its first members: Solomon Brown, Lusanna Brown, Levi D. Landon, Lurinda Landon, David Lindley, Anise Lindlev, Cynthia Lindley, Elias Wright, Amanda Wright, David Andrews, Priscilla Andrews, Thomas Miles and Nancy Miles. In 1851 Ilex. J. B. Hewitt, who was then on the circuit, organized the class at " Canton Four Cor- ners." It was comi)osed of Mrs. I. C. Wright, Mrs. Rath bone, Mrs. Charles Stockwell and Mrs. S. K. Porter. In 1867 the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Canton borough was built. Following J. B. Hewitt as preachers, were: James Linn, Harvey Lamkin, Thomas Jones, John Powell, Elisha Sweet, H. T. Avery, J. H. Ross, C. L. F. Howe, J. E. Hvde, M. Covle, J. Putnam, J. Thompson, Rev. S. T. 3o6 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Sanford, present pastor. Trustees, G. A. Gurney, H. Caterlin, C. Ster- ling, C. A. Crise. The Presbyterians. — "The first Presbyterian Ciiurch of Canton" was organized in 1832, and embraced the two congregations of Canton and East Canton. Twent3^-one members were enrolled. Tiiese were Jerome, Charles, Sarah, Joel, Mary and Lydia Wriglit ; John and Achsah YanDyke; Oliver and Lydia Bartlett; Sylvester, Anna, Nancy, Betsy, Mary and Kosanna Manley ; Abraham and Alfred Foster, Abigail Smith, Lucy Lantlon and Harty Ilickok. Of these none remains to-chxy save one, Mary Manley, wife of Mr. Charles Stephens of Franklin. Meetings were held for several years in homes, and in "the old school-house" near the burying ground, and in the Methodist Episcopal Church. The church at East Canton was commenced in 1840, and was dedicated in the spring of 1847. The church at Canton was commenced in 1860 and was dedicated in 1861. From 1861-2 Rev. Philander Camp was pastor. From 1863-4, Rev. John Colwell, M. D. served. In 1865, Rev. Mr. Gates commenced his long-protracted pastorate. The parsonage was built in 1883, and botii churches were enlarged and remodeled in 1886. Disciple Church. — Elder T. Miller organized this church in 1850,with the following members : Elders, Charles McDougall, IraC. Mitchell, Na- than Mitchell, George Wells, AV. T. C. Sanders, of Philadelphia, William Owen, of North Broad Albans, N. Y., Alexander Greenlaw, John L. Phoenix, R.C. Barrow, A. B. Chamberlain, of Auburn, C. T.Mortimer. In 1851-2 the fine church on the corner of Troy and West Union streets was erected, and in 1870 it was extensively improved and re-furnished. The Baptists.— Ke\r, W. H. H. Dwyer, father of Mrs. Rev. W. H. Porter, of Alba, commenced preaching in Canton borough in 1854, ov- gatyzing the Baptist society with 18 charter members : Abraham Run- dell, James D. Hill, J. W. Knappin, Gudwin Fuller, George Hison, James C. Parsons, E. Q. Greenleaf. and Sisters Knappin, Miller, M. J. Dwyer, E. A. Hison, Mary A. Rundell, Anna Parsons, Lucy Hill, Anna Griffin, Lydia Rundell and Sarah E. Parsons. Rev. E. Loomis was succeeded bv Revs. Geo. T. McNair, E. A. Francis, James McDonald, J. L. Watson, Geo. P. Watrous, E. Wells, Thomas Mit- chell and Alexander McGovern. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, ORWELL. This church was organized Sept. 5, 1815, under the name of " Warren and Orwell Presbyterian Church." Present pastor is Rev. F. E. Bassey. Original members at organization, 8 ; in 1870 — 52; 1880 — 74; 1890 — 49, and there are beyond the l)ounds of the church, 29, or a total of 78. Seating capacity of church, 228, and the buildings are valued at $2,000. S. N. Bronson has been clerk of the session since 1878. In the meeting to organize the society, it was resolved to build "on East street, a few rods north of the old school-house, on the west side of the highway," on the land of Liberty Sharp. The subscribers to the buildint)- fund in 1815 : Alvin Humphrey, Lucy, Charles, Addison and William Cowles, Asa Fuller, Monels Humphre3% Lucius Fuller, James D. Newell, J. W. Grant, Silas Allis, Rhoda Gridley, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 357 Abel Estabrooks, Joel Burns, Marcus Estabrook. John W. Browning, Dudley Humph re\^ Nathan Paj'son, Joseph S. Browning, Lyman Tenneil, Johnson Cowles, Chauncey Grant, Levi Frisbie, Chauncey Frisbie, Theron Darling, Roswell I). Pitcher, Abel Darling, George AV. Pitcher, Liberty Sharp, Ithall Allis, Czar Roberts, Jason Chaffee, Conel and Theron Wells, EHsha Iveeler, Charles Stevens, Jarvis Loyal, Benijah Martin, William Warlield, Samuel Mathews, Jesse Barnes, William B. Robinson, James Smith, Jesse Estabrooks, Thrall Blair, Eleazer Allis, Jr., John D. Wage, Levi Frisbie, Zebu Ion Frisbie, Uri Cook, Joel Cook, Jr., Curtis Robinson. The house was completed and opened for church service in January, 1828. The records indicate that at this time the building was used by the Baptists and certain societies also. In 1832, Uri Cook, moderator, and Milton Humphrey, clerk. In 1835, Wyllys Bronson, chosen mod- erator and clerk. The nine members originally organized by Revs. John Bascom and Salmon King : Pai-ley, Moses, Amos and Sally Coburn, Mary King, Lucy Coles, Maria Coburn and Dorcas C'oburn. In 1816, seventeen were added : Lois Merrill, Polly Case, Joel Cook and Salome Humphrey (wife of William Humphrey) ; Mrs. Green, Capt. George Ranney and wife, Phebe Frisbie, Esther Roberts, Sarah Andrews, Jemima Wells, Molly Coburn, Comfort B. Chaffee, Rilla Humphrey, Polly Ranney, Betsey Payson and Peggy Grant. September 26,' 1823. Sister Lydia Alger was put upon her trial for " the sins of prevarication, falsehood and other unchristian conduct," and found guilty, and the " moderator then laid her under censure." A few days before this. Comfort B. Chaffee, had confessed in open meet- ing that he had been guilty "of profanity and falsehood." The year before this. Sister Huklah Johnson had confessed : " I believe the Sab- bath to be holy," and tliat she "had traveled on the Sabbath under peculiai- circumstances," and w^as heartily sorry For her great sin, etc. Some of the schemes for cheering the sick by these earnest, good, old-fashioned fathers and mothers, is given as follows: " On the first Sabbath in February, 1823, the sacrament * * w^as administered to Sister Experience Buffington, at her own house, on account of her being sick, after which the members present individually took her by the hand and bid her an affectionate farewell, not expecting to meet her in this world again ; but hoping to meet her in another to serve God without alloy." In April, 1824, by a vote, it was resolved to change the form from Congregational to Presb3'terian. At a meeting of the church in 1824, "Brother Libertv Sharp exhibited his confession that he did passionately strike three of his neighbors." It is not stated under what "rules" lie was knocking 'em out. At a meeting, JSTovember, 1827, three members were excommuni- cated for non-attendance at cliurch worship; the minutes then recite : " After some conversation in experimental religion, and confessions of stupidity and indifference, asked each other's forgiveness." In April, 1828, thirty-seven members were dismissed " to be con- stituted into a new church ; " they formed the church at Warren. This year it was resolved to change the name to the " Church of Orwell." 358 HISTOKY OF BRADFOED COUNTY. The new church at Orwell was completed and dedicated January 15, 1S50, chapter read by Kev^ Snowden ; sermon by S. F. Colt. Ministers: Solomon Kin^, from the formation, 1815 to 1827; Christopher Corev {in connection with Pike township), January to April, 1828; Amos Bingham, 1829 to 1831; Samuel Henderson, 1832 to 1836 ; Isaac Todd,183t) to 1838 ; Charles C. Corss, 1837 to 1841 ; John Mole, 1841 to 1843; N. Bogardus, 1843 to 1844; William Huntting, 1844 to 1849; (stated supply) ; Thomas Thomas, 1850 to 1852; Charles Huntington, spring to fall of 1852; Augustine Root, 1855 to 1856: T. Thomas, 1857 to 1862; J. A. Prossell, 1862 to 1864; Clark Salmon, 1864 to 1869; Samuel F. Colt, 1869 to 1870; J.Crane, November, 1870 ; Faber Ryllesbv, 1870 to 1875 ; William Bradford, 1876 to 1877 ; William Macnab, 1877 to 1879; Howard Cornell, 1879 to 1885; Ilalleck Armstrong, one Sunday, 1885 ; S. F. Colt, seven Sundays ; Walter B. Thomas, nineteen Sundays; T.Pierce, 1885 to 1886; T. P. Thomas, 1886 to 1887. In December 1887 the present pastor, Francis E. Besley was installed. MISCELLANEOUS. The First Preshyte^'ian Church of Towanda was an off-shoot from the church of Wysox. In 1821, thirty-eight were added to its com- munion. A number of these were living on the west side of the river, October 25, 1825, and constituted into a separate organization. The following were members: Rufus Foster, John Fox, John B. Hinman, Abraham Foster, Samuel Cranmer, Clark E. Conley, Ephraim Ladd, Lydia Scott, Hannah Taylor, Mary Fox, Sally Foster, Eley Ridgway, Deantha Gilson, Selina Powell, Weltha Hale, Lois Ladd. In 1829 the number of members had increased to twenty-seven. The church strug- gled against great opposition until the winter of 1831 ; thirt3^-four were soon added. Up to 1833 the church had had no regular pastor. In September of that year Rev. Oscar Harris became pastor. In 1834 there was not a church edifice in Towanda. In 1835 the church was completed and opened for worship, and twenty persons were received into the communion. Mr. Foster continued a pastor of the church until his death, January 16, 1865. Under Mr. Harris's pastorate, the building was enlarged. He resigned in January, 1870, and in much of that year Dr. John S. Stewart, the present incumbent, was installed. The Methodist Episcopal Church, Towanda, was incorporated 1838. Trustees: William Watkins, E. R. Utter, Nelson P.Brown, Silas Noble, William Elwell, John E. Geiger, James P. Bull, Burton Kingsbury, George H. Bull. The church building was erected in 1837. Prior to that tiuie, the few members of tlie society worshiped in private dwellings, in the court-house or school-house. Present pas- tor is Rev. W. H. S. Hermans. In 1869 the church edifice was rebuilt and enlarged. Christ Church. — Rev. Samuel T. Lord held occasional services during the autumn of 1833 in Towanda, and in December began to officiate here regularlv. Services held for a shoi't time in the court- house, then for a few years in tlie "fire-proof" Avhere they also held their Sabbath-school, M. C Mercur, O. D. Bartlett and 'Miss Mary HISTORY OF BRADFOED COUKTY. 359 Woodruff being the teachers. Mrs. Geo. Wansey, Mrs. Chas. Toucey, Mrs. Noah Spakhng and Mrs. Geo. Watson, formed a part of the original class, and Antes Snyder, Wm. B. Foster, Jr., and Abraham Goodwin were prominent members of the church in its early days. In 1888-90 was built the splendid stone church, the finest in the city. It stands immediately south of the old building lot. Old building torn down in 1891. December 20, 1841, the court granted a charter under the name of '' Christ's Church," to Wm. B. Foster, Jr., O. D. Bartlett, Abraham Goodwin, JohnN. Weston, C. L. Ward, M. C. Mercur, David Wilmot, and their successors. In 1842 the church was completed and an organ purchased, and Rev. George Watson became rector, and in 1844 the church was admitted into union with the convention. In 1849 the building was altered and enlarged and a bell purchased. Durino- 1853-54 funds were raised by the congregation and a rectory built. Asa S. Colton, 1845; Robert j\ Parvin, 1847; Benj. J. Doudas, 1850 ; Francis D. Hoskins, 1866 ; William McGlathery, 1870 ; Chas. E. Mc- Ilvaine, 1873. John S. 13eers became rector and was succeeded bv Rev. E. A. Enos, who severed his connection in the autumn of 1885. Present pastor is Rev. W. E. Daw. The number of communicants is about 175. Catholic- — The first Catholic service held in this countv was at Asylum, during the existence of the French Colony there, continuing about five years, from 1794 to 1799. In 1821 the settle- ment of Irish people holding the Catholic religion was begun at Silver Lake, in Susquehanna county. Rev. Henry Fitzsimmons was appointed to this mission in 1836. He visited Troy, Canton, Ridgebury, Athens, and Towanda, celebrating mass and administering the sacraments to the faithful who began to locate in considerable numbers along the line. Father O'Reilly gathered the followers of the church at Towanda, and held services in various places until 1841, when he and his cono-re- gation erected a plain wooden church edifice on the site of the present church in Towanda village. When work upon the canal suspended, he advised his parishioners, who had been thrown out of employment, to move back into the township where the land was cheap, purchase farms and become permanent citizens. In accordance with this advice, little settlements of Irish people were formed in various parts of the county and have become quite as prosperous as any about them. Father O'Reilly was relieved from his duties here by his own request and was succeeded by Rev. Basil A. Shorb, who was followed by Rev. Ahearn and he by Father Doherty, who was succeeded by the Fran- ciscan fathers. After them Rev. Patrick Toner had charge of the field; during his administration, in 1869, the old wooden church was taken down, and the present elegant brick Gothic structure erected on Third street ; is one of the handsomest churcii edifices in Towanda, and was finished under the excellent management of Father Kelly, present pastor, and dedicated as " Saints Peter and Paul's," December 14, 1879. In connection with the church is a cemetery in North Towanda, which was consecrated May 24, 1883; and also a school taught by the " Sisters of Mercy." Rev. Charles F. Kelly succeeded 360 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, Eev. Mr. Toner as pastor, February 11, 1876. The number of Catho- lics in the parish is about 4,000. Toioanda Baptist Church.— In 1841 Rev. G. M. Spratt commenced hibor in Towanda church; after a few months, measures were taken by Isaac Carey and Rev. Spratt to build a house of worsiiip, assisted by James Elliott, then living in Ulster. In February, 1843, twelve persons from Ulster were united with the little band at Towanda — James Elliott and wife being among the number. The two churches, Monroe and Towanda, were known as one, the Towanda being a branch and hold- ino- its own covenant or church meetings. The earliest record of the church occupying its new house of worship was March 1st, 1845. In 1845 Rev. G.M. Spratt, D. D., resigned his pastorate, and Jesse B. Sax- ton became pastor of the Monroe and Towanda Church. October, 1846, a council dismissed 30 members for the purpose from the Monroe and Towanda Church as a regular and independent Baptist. On October 31st, 1846, James Elliott and Edwin Ilurllnirt were elected deacons of the new church. Rev. Jesse B. Saxton resigned the pastorate April 1st, 1847, when Rev. G. W. Stone was called to the pastorate, serving about a year and six months. In 1850, Rev. Jacob Kennedy became ])astor for one vear. The church was without a pastor from April, 1851, till April, 1854, at which time Rev. J. R. Morris became pastor for the space of one year. In June, 1856, Rev. William Sym, D. D., an Eng- lishman, became pastor, serving till the fall of 1858. The church was now without a pastor till July,'l850, when Rev. Increase Child became its pastor, and served until October, 1861. The church at this time numbered 49 members. Rev. S. G. Keim became pastor April, 1863, and served one year. October 1st, 1865, Rev. Robert Dunlap became pastor, remaining till September, 1868. Rev. S. J. Lusk pastor in 1869 to 1874. In 1876 Rev. T. A. Edwards became pastor, and in 1880 Rev. Charles T. Hollo well became pastor of the little church, at this time reduced to thirty members. Their number more than doubled during his pastorate, Vhich closed in 1884. The church was without preaching services for most of the time till November, 1885. Rev. G. II. Trapp became pastor in 1885. Present pastor is S. M. Hendricks. The Universalists.—VvxoY to 1866 the Universalists had no regular church organization at Towanda. However, they had regular preach- ing for several years. Among their first ministers may be mentioned G°S. Ames, Mr. Andrews, S. J. Gibson, Wm. M. Delong. In 1866, C. S. Russell, Alien McKean, G. F. Mason, Dr. E. H. Mason and W. II. Shaw obtained a charter of incorporation of an organization to be styled the " First Universalist Society of Towanda."' Church edifice erected on Second street in 1876-77, as the " Church of the Messiah." The erection of the temple of worship was largely due to the efforts of Rev. G. J. Porter, who was succeeded in 1879 by Dr. Wm. Taylor, and he in turn by Dr. H. R. Nye ; succeeded by Rev. Anson Titus, resigned in 1891. The church numbers 101 members. African M. E. i.'Jiurch.~T\\(i first colored minister to Towanda was Thomas Jackson (Bethel), of Montrose, who began coming thereto about 1851-52. Their wooden church edifice was built in 1854. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COtTNTY. 361 ATHENS CHURCHES. Episcopalian. — Trinity Church, of Athens, was organized in 1843, and the church was built in 1862. Previous to this they had a wooden church, which was destroyed by fire. Among the rectors of the par- ish have been tlie Ilevs. Watson, French, Harding, Nock, Rosemiller, Hooper, Barker and Cross. The present rector is Rev. S. M. Wren. Methodists. — In 1832 a " class " was organized and circuit-preaching established. Charles M. Harst and Esther Saltmarsh were members of the first " class," Chester Park and his famil}^ joining soon after. From the organization of the class until 1842, services were held in the Academy building. The first church was dedicated in 1844 and was located on Chemung street. This church was burned in 1851, and in 1852 another churcli was erected on the same site. In 1884 the brick edifice known as the "Bethel M. E. Church," was built. This they now occupy, and George A. Place is present pastor. Presbyterian. — This church was organized as a Congressional Church in 1812, with twenty-two members, but changed to Presb\'terian in 1823. It w^as divided in 1858, one part becoming a Reformed Dutch Church, with eighty-one followers. After the reunion of the old and new school churches in 1865), the Athens Church voted to again become Presbyterian, and was received under the care of the Presbytery of Lackawanna in 1871. The first church building was erected in 1827 and was burned in 1861. The second building was of brick and was built in 1863; that also burned, in 1879. The i)resent brick edifice was erected on the site of the other buildings and was dedicated in 1881. Catholic— TJ\) to the year 1865 Catholic congregations of Athens and liidgebury were served from Towanda, small frame buildings having been erected for church purposes. Rev. John O'Mally was in pastoral charge of Athens and Ridgebury until 1865. His successors to 1875 were Rev. E. A. Garvey and Rev. James Loughran. During the pastoral charge of Rev. John Costello, next in succession, the church in Athens was rebuilt and enlarged ;a pastoral residence pur- chased, and a cemetery established mid-way between Athens and Waverly. St. John's church was built in 1876 in South Waverly. The church of the Epiphany of Sayre, was built in 1889. Father Cos- tello resigned the pastoral charge of Athens and Ridgebury, and re- moved to Sayre, where he at present resides. The name of tlie clergy- man appointed to succeed him in Athens is Rev. James Moffat. SAYRE CHURCHES. Baptist.—''^ The First Baptist Church of Sayre" was organized in 1886, with 35 members. Tliepr-esent pastor is Rev. O. R. McKay. Episcopal.— ^^ Church of the Hedeemev^^ is the oldest religious or- ganization in Sayre and was established in 1877. The first members were : Mr. and Mrs. H. E. Babcock, Mr. and Mrs. H. N. Thomas, Mr. and Mrs. G. K. Dietrick, Mr. and Mrs. A. J. Carey, Mr, R. A. Packer, Mr. Chas. C. Burns, Mrs. L. K Warren, Mrs. J. Daniels, Mr. J. E. Babcock, Mr. J. N. Bishop, Mr. II. H. Hamilton, Mr. H. G. Spalding and Mr. J. B. McCall. A railroad restaurant was transformed into a church building and enlarged in 1888. The present stone church was consecrated in 1889. Rev. Chas. M. Carr, rector. 362 HISTORY OP BRADFORD COUKTY. Methodist. — The first Methodist Episcopal Church of Say re, was organized in 1875. R. M. Ilove}^ W. 11. Flory, John Lamont, George Kear were active promoters of its early organization. Stephen Jay is the present pastor. St. Johns Evangelical Lutheran Church. — This was establislied in 1890, with 34 members. They rented a building, for church purposes, of the Episcopalians; but the next year they built a building of their own, which they now occupy. PRESBYTERIANISM. Wysox Church. — Tlie earliest records now to be found of church matters are dated October 8, 1791. A church was organized in Wysox, consisting of foui'teen members. The next church organized was that of Wyalusing, in 1793. The minister presiding was the Rev. Ira Con- dit. Tliis church, it is believed, was the first regularly organized Pres- byterian Church in Northern Pennsylvania. The meeting was held at the mouth of the W\'alusing creek, where now stands the Second Presbyterian Church of Wyalusing. In 1809 it became a Congrega- tional Church ; but in March, 1831, it again took the Presbyterian I'orm, which it has ever since retained. Smithfield. — The next church organized was that of Smithfield. This was of the Congregational form, organized in Poultney, Yermont, in February, 1801. The first sermon preached to this church was in 1802, by the Rev. James Wood. Orwell. — The next was the church of Orwell, organized October 10, 1804, by Seth Williston and James Woodward. The Association met in Orwell, January 14th, 1814. Here the name of John Bascom appears on the records, and a committee was appointed to install him over the church of Smithfield, and also to install William Wisner over the church of Athens. February 15, 1816, the church of Pike first appears on the roll. The members living in Pike had previously belonged to the church of Orwell. Indeed, up to this time, Orwell had been the only church in that section of what is now Bradford county. September 5, 1815, however, a few months before the church of Pike was added to the Association, the Rev. Salmon King and the Rev. John Bascom organized a church in Warren, consisting of 8 members, 3 men and 5 women, and called it the church of Warren and Orwell. By the fall meeting of 1817, Rev. John Bascom had been dismissed from the church of Smithfield, and Mr. Wisner from Athens ; both, as the record states, for want of su])port. There does not appear to have been a single church in the so-called Susquehanna Presbytery that'had the Presbyterian form ; Wyalusing Church laid aside the Presbyterian form as early as 1809. We find no Presbyterian Church in the body till March 3, 1821, when the Rev. Manasseh Miner York and the Rev. Simeon R. Jones organized one with the Presbyterian form in full, in the township of Wells, Bradford county, Pa. Church meetings were often held in barns, although there seems to have been some sort of house of worship before this in Wysox. Sometimes the people in Wysox met those of Towanda at a half-way HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 363 place ; this half-way place was Mr. Means' barn on the Wysox side of the Susquehanna. In 1831 the following churches were in the county : Wyalusing, Orwell, Warren, Wysox, Eraintrini, Wintlham, Athens, Smithfieki, Wells. HERRICK CHURCHES. Keen Summit Union Church., of IJerrick, was erected in 1883-84. The first board of trustees were : John Frutchey, John A. Keen, John Yought, Mrs. T. S. Limd v and Jacob Schoonover. The first meeting was held October 15, 1884. Rev. N. F. DeWitt (Methodist) preached until the spring of 1886. He was succeeded by the Rev. E. P. Eldridge, who remained until 1889, since which time they have had no regular pastor. The first religious services in the township were at Daniel Durand's house, about 1832, by Calvanistic Baptists, then at the old log school-house. The next services were by Episcopal Methodists in the Spring school-house, Rev. Edmund Fairchild officiating. Baptist meetings were held in the old log school-house, which stood on the site of the present Camp District school-house. Among the more prominent members were Isaac L. Cam]> and wife, Joseph Camp and wife, and Harry Wells and wife. They afterward changed to the Ballibay school- house, where they still hold meetings. It is claimed that this society was organized prior to 1838, and was the first regular Baptist organiza- tion in the township. Among their pastors can be recalled Elder Bixby, Rev. Parker and the Rev. Dr. l^aldwin. In 1845 they organized a Presbyterian society in Ilerrick, with the Rev. Samuel F. Colt as pastor, who also preached in the Merryall chui'ch, and from which were taken letters to effect a formation of the Herrick Society. First meetings in the school buikling which stood on the site of the present Ilerrick Presbyterian Church which w^as built in 1858, previous to Mr. Colt's ministry. Rev. Charles Huntington had preached to the Merryall charge, with occasional services at Ilerrick. After the present church was erected, about 1859, Rev. Darwin Cook took charge, and con- tinued to the present. In 1858 they had a membership of about thirty- five. The Baj)tist Church of Christ, at Grover, Avas organized in 1872 under the supervision of Elder S. H. Durand. The first members were Edward Yermelya, David Scudder, Lewis Garrison, Luther Bellows and wife, Mary E. Knapp, Maria Ivelley, Anna Shadock, Lurinda Wright, Meriett Dickerson and Anna Williams. The congre- gation now numbers twenty-two members. The Catholic Church at Commisky, in Wilmot township, was built and dedicated in 1890. The Methodist Episcopal Church, on the Payne road in Wilmot township, was built in 1890. The Presbyterian Church at Ulster Avas completed in 1890. Rev. E. O. Gondii ng, pastor. The Methodist Episcopal Church at Hickory Ridge, in Burlington township, was recently completed. The Methodist Episcopal Church at Moore's Hill was completed in 1889, served by Rev. E. O. Goodling. 364 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Burlington M. E. Chuj'ch was organized late in the last century. Among the first settlers on Sugar creek in 1791 were William Dobbins and James McKean. Le Raysville M. E. Ghtirch was the old Pike charge, which had been separated from W\^alusing in 1832, the name having been changed in 1850, The first parsonage in all this territory was built within the bounds of this charge in 1815 or 1816, about half a mile above Stev- ensville. It has societies in Le Kaysville, Prattville, and South War- ren, and at each of these places a house of worsliip. Rome Methodi.<ingham, John Sliepard, Col. David Pixley, Benjamin Wynkoop, William Witter Spalding, fourteen in all, who, by mutual assent became the original or charter memljers of the lodge. Capt. Ira Stephens was a soldier of the Revolution, his certiticate of honorable discharge, at the closing of the war, was signed by Gen- eral Washington. He was the father of Chester Stephens, also of the late Ira 11. Stephens, of Towanda. Was made a Mason in New- town Lodge, February 24. 1794 ; was killed by a desperado in Angelica, N. Y., September 19, 180.3, where he was buried with Masonic honors. Clement Paine was born in Eastiiam, Mass., August 11, 1769; came to Tioga, Point in 1794. He was a ))rominent merchant and citizen of this place till his old age. He delivered the first address before the Lodge at their h)-st celebration of St. John's Day, December 27, 1798. He went to Troy, Bradford countv, in 184.5, to reside with his son, and died there, March 1, 1849. 20 ;)70 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Maj. Elisha Satterlee was made a Mason in Newtown Lodge, Feb- ruaiy 24, 1794, and a Mark Master Mason, at Tioga Point, in I8O9. He was the father of John F. Satterlee, and the grandfather of John F. Satterlee, Jr. Died at Athens, August 24. 1826, aged sixt^'-six years, and was buried with Masonic honors by the Lodge. Gen. Simon Spakhng was a resident of Sheshequin, where he had settled in 1783. He is well known in the history of W\'oming, as he held a captain's commission in troops raised for both Hartley's and Sullivan's expedition, in each of which he bore a part. He took the first step in Masonry in the Lodge at Newtown, June 23, 1794, but his second and third degrees in No. 70, March, 1799. He was born in Plainfield, Conn., 1741, and died at Sheshequin, January 24, 1814. Capt. John Spalding was a son of Gen. Simon Spalding and was initiated into the mysteries of Masonry at the same time and place with his father. Wm. Witter Spalding was initiated at Newtown, June 23, 1794, Avas admitted a member of No. 70, May 21, 1798. He was grand- father of Maj. A. Hanson Spalding, late sheriff of Bradford county. Benjamin Wynkoop resided at Tioga Point at the date of organi- zation of the Lodge. Was a silversmith by trade. He had been made a Mason previous to his settling here, and was admitted as charter member of the Lodge. At the re-organization of No. 70, under its old charter, n November, 1846, the following named were its charter members : JosephKing- bury, Simon Spalding, John Spalding, Zephon Flowers, Dan Elwell, Ebenezer Shaw, J. F. Satterlee, Sr., Chester Stephens, Edward Iler- rick, Thos. T. Huston, Ab'm Minier, C. Matthewson, Francis Tyler, Charles Comstock, W. H. Overton, S. S. Bailey, Ira H. Stephens, Guy Tozer, Harve}'^ Beach, Samuel Huston, Thomas W. Hill, Wm. Hall, Wm. Kiff, A. P. Spalding. Also, Harvey Gore, Patrick Conroy, N. J. LeDioyt, H. T. McGeorge, Wm. Kendall, Jos. G. Wilkinson and Asahel Buck. List of masters of Rural Amity Lodge: 1798, Arnold Colt; 1799. Joseph Kingsburv ; 1800, Stephen 'Hopkins ; 1801, Joseph Kingsburv: 1810, Elisha Satterlee; 1811, Solomon Everts; 1812, Joseph Kingsburv : 1816, John F. Satterlee ; 1818, Thomas T. Huston ; 1822, Eb. Backus; 1823, Asahel Buck ; 1824, Joseph Kingsbury ; 1828; John F. Satterlee; 1829, Samuel Huston; 1839, Charles Comstock ; 1847, John F. Satterlee; 1849, Harvev Beech; 1851. WaH'r Olmsted, 1852. Fred S. Hovt ; 1856, Sidnev Hayden ; 1858, Henrv McKinney, 1859, Sidney Havden ; 1860, H. C. Baird ; 1862, Sidney Havden ; 1865; Henrv McKinneV; 1867, A. H. Seward; 1868, W. H. Mathewson ; 1869,"E. Herrick.^ Jr. ; 1872, Joseph M. Ely, Jr. ; 1873, E. Herrick, Jr. ; 1874. Joseph M. Ely, Jr. ; 1875, E. P. Allen ; 1876, F. S. Morlev ; 1877, H. C. Hayes; 1878, George E. Davis; 1879, F. M. Wells; 1880, D. W. Tripp'. The present officers are: F. T. Sairs, W. M. ; Charles Brown, S. W. ; Clarence W. Peck, J. W. ; *Job Griffin, treasurer ; George E. Davis, secretary. Present membership, 125. A. F. (& A. M. — Union Lodge, No. 108, Towanda, wa: chartered March 7th, 1807, and was instituted April 3rd following, by Joseph HISTOJIY OF HKADFORD COUNTY. 371 Kingsbury, at the house of Amos Mix, in Wysox, with the following- officers : Horatio Grant, W. M.; Amos Mix, S. W.; Ebenezer Tuttle, J. W.; Josiah Grant, Treas.; Geo. Scott, Sec; William Mver, steward ; Cy p. Grant, S. D.; William B.Whitney, J. D.; William B.Foster, tiler. As set forth in the charter, the meetings of the Lodge were to be held alternately in the townships of Orwell and Wysox. This arrangement was observed till about 1815-1(», when the house of William Myer in Wysox was selected as the place of meeting, and continued as such until 1829. Owing to the anti-Masonic movements at this time, the Lodge only met on rare occasions till November 14, 1839, when a meeting was held at the house of William Myer, and the Lodge thoroughly and energetically revived. Since that time its meet- ings have been continuous. In December, 1839. the scene of its hibors was changed to Towanda, where its meetings were at first held in the old " Fire Proof,'' and since 1856-57 in the Kingsbury block. In 1887 it was removed to the Chamberlin block, where it still remains. The present officers are : Frank C. McKee, W. M.; John N. Califf, S. W.; William H. Minor, J. W.; William Chamberlin, Treas.; James H. Codding, Sec. It has a membership of 184. Union Royal Arch Chapter^ No. 161. was chartered in 1846. Its present officers are: Chas. P. Welles, H. P.; Sam. W. Buck, king; John N. Califf, scribe ; William Chamberlin, Treas.; James H. Cod- ding, Sec. It has a membership of 129. Northern Commandery, No. 16, was chartered in 1856. The pres- ent officers are : E. C, S. W. Buck ; Gen., T. B. Johnson ; C. G., L. E. Frost ; Treas.. Wm. Chaml)erlin ; Sec'y, Jas. H. Codding. Mt. Moi'iah Lodge, No. 150, F. d^ A. M., Troy, was chartei-ed in 1817, with Ezra Long as first master. Tliis was the third Lodge chartered in Bradford county. The members of this Lodge in 1823 were as follows : Ezra Long, Stephen Fowler, James Long. Jolm Calkins, Howard Spalding, John Barber, Elikin Case, Charles Taylor, Reuben Smead, Daniel A. Balcon, John B. Murphy, Churchill Barnes, Jacob Carter, Seth Rowley, William Gernert, Joshua G. Landon. Wilbur Reuben, Vine Baldwin, Cauklin Baker. William White. Francis Mead, Oliver Besley, Nath. Blakesley, Iloyt Ballord. Harvey Park- hurst, Lera Dodge, Alex. Hughes, Griffin iJailey, William Pratt, Erastus Lillibridge, Richard Comfort, Amos Strickland, Sylvester Streeter, Asa Pratt. The officers in 1824 were Eliker Case, W. M.; Charles Taylor, S. W.; John Barber, J. W.; Jacob Carber, Sec; Reuben Smead, Treas. About this time they held their meetings at Vail Baldwin's hcjusein Troy township, on the old Porter road, two miles out of the borough. It was kept up till July 16, 1823, and here the records seem to be lost. That the Order was still in existence is evidenced bv a letter addressed to Howard Spalding, W. M. of Mt. Moriah Lodge,, also a letter addressed to Churchill Barnes, Sec, dated December 14, 1824. In 1826, five members were added to the list, viz.: William Garnert, Ezra Lamhm, James Lukist, Charles Salsbury, William S. Ingles. The Lodge, it is su])posed, surrendered its charter in 1827. after whj,ch it was again revived ; it then surrendered its charter a, second time, in 1837, during the Morgan excitement. The charter 372 HISTORY OF BKADFORl) COUNTY. members of this Lodge are supposed to have revived the Lodge June 25, 1857, under the name of the Trojan Lodge, No. 306, at Canton. The following are the charter members: D. Perry Elliott, David Babcock, Newton Landon, Warren Landon, Andrew E. Watts, William W. Whit- man. Present officers are: Isaac Cleaver, W. M.; Robert C. Kenchill, Sec. Trojan Lodge, No 306. — Tlie following are the officers for 1891 : Isaac Cleaver, 'W. M.; Milton O. Loomis, S. W.; J. T. McCollom, J. W.; Edward VanDine, Treas.; liobt. C. Kendall, Sec; Daniel Fleisher, S. D.; Dr. G. W. Gregorv, J. D.; P>ed Tavlor, S. M. C; Dr. Thomas Gamble, J. M. C; Dr. 1^ N. Barker, Purs.^ J. W. Gould, tyler; Pev. F. T. Eastment, chaplain. Past Masters.— E\\\m Case, 1857-58; Irad Wdson, 1859; R. C. Rockwell, 1860-61 ; C. S. McKean, 1862 ; Irad Wilson, 1863-64; Wm. C. Kendall, 1865 ; Delas Rockwell, 1866-67-68. Canton Commandery was first called Minnequa Commandery, organized June 29, 1886, with the following members: Charter mem- bers — J. E. Cleveland, W. C. Crippen, Henry J. Benedict, Andrew D. Foss, H. Eugene Landon, Almeron Burt, George 11. Webb, M. O. Loomis, E. G. Tracey, Ilollister Catlin, Luman Putnam, Jr., T. Murray AVatts, V. M. Boiser, A. M. Jewett, William A.. Weaver, Charles G. Sayles, Murray Moore, Jno. N. Wolfe, W. W. Whitman, Ex. Com.; A. C. Fanning, general; W. L. Selden, captain gen- eral; C. E. Stone, G. F. Kinse, Theodore Pierce, Vine H. Baldwin, Charles E. Bullock, Mial E. Lilley, Daniel J. Moran, E. L. Manley, Warren Landon, Newton Landon, Jno. A. Junes. Daniel Innes, John E. Dobbins, Isaac Cleaver, E. J. Hill, J. H. Grant, Liston P»liss, B. B. Mitchell, Delos Rockwell, George D. Leonard, J. C. Strait, E. E. Van- Dine, J. H. Brown. Present officers — Isaac Cleaver, eminent commander; Newton Lan- don, generallisimo ; E. Everett Van Dine, captain general ; Theodore Pierce, treasurer; Charles E. Bullock, recorder. Canton Lodge, Na. J^-IG, F. and A. J/., was chartered March 4, 1868, with following charter members: D. Perry Elliott, David Babcock, Newton Landon, Chas. W. Landon, AVarren. Landon, Andrew E. Watts, AVilliam W. AVhitman. The following are the first officers : Charles AV. Landon, W. M. ; Warren Landon, S, W. ; William AY. AVhitman, J. AA^. ; D. Perry Elliott, Treas. ; Byron W. Clark, Sec'y. ; David Babcock, S. D. ; Andrew E. Watts, J. D. , Ebenezer L. Manley, S. M. C. ; Simeon P. Barnes, J. M. C. ; Newton Landon, pursuivant ; George AV. Tooker, tvler. The present officers are Chas. D. Derrah, W M. ; John A. Innes, S. W. ; Willis T. Davison, J. W. ; Theo. Pierce, Treas. ; Chas. E. Riggs, Sec. Evergreen L^odge^ No. 163, F. cfe A. M., of Monroeton, was organized March 1, 1819. The first officers were: Eliphalet Mason, W. M.; Simon Kinney, S. W.; Russel Fowler, J. AA^. The ])resent officers are: F. F. Lomax, AV. F.; P. E. Allen, socn^tary. The charter was surrendered for a short time during the Morgan troubles, but was soon restored. Roman Lodge, No. %1S, of Rome, was organized Alarch 9, 1868. The present officers'^are: L. R. Browning, W. M.; I. M. Thompson, Sec. Smithfield Lodge, No. 1^28, of East Smithfield, was organized Septem- c HISTORY OF BKADFOKI) COUNTY. ber 10, 1868. The present officers are: Geo. M. IJird. W. M.; AVilson F. Voorhis, secretary. Le Raij Lodge, No. 1^7 1, of Le Ilaysville, was organized June 22, 1870. The following are the [)ast masters: W. IS. IJeaton, S. AV. Little, II. H. Atwocxl, M. E. Warner, II. H. Taylor-, ^\ . II. Darling, J. G. Bensley, B. V. Pendleton, S. B. Tapper, W. B. Pciyson, L. A. Codding, J. r. Bosworth. The following are the present officers: Scott W. Johnson, W. M.; Ilollis II. Atwood, secretai-y ; L. E. Gran- ger, S. W.; J. V. Keeler, J. W.; Frank Ikister, treasurer; William JDarling, chaplain. Present membershij), 40. Athena Sisterhood Branch, No. 586, O. I. II. The officers for 1891 are: Past chief justice, Mrs. Phebe E. Newhart; chief justice, Mrs. Frank Campbell ; vice justice, Mrs. Margaret Stickel ; account- ant, Mrs. Ethan Jakeway ; cashier, Mrs. Ada Hodge ; adjuster, Mrs. H. F. Johnson ; prelate, Mrs. J. C. Flood; lierald, Mrs. J. L. Elsbree ; watchman, Mrs. Linda Lewis ; vidette, Mrs. A. L. Munn ; trustee, Mrs. Lueyett Rogers, Mrs. Caroline Kenyon, Mrs. Lizzie Wolcott; medical examiner, C. L. Stevens, M. D. lioyal Arvarriini, Queen Esther CoiuicU, No. 1153, was organized May 10, 1889. Charter members : J. W. Murrell, II. C. Hayes, Edward Mills, G. II. Curtis, James B. Maney, Theo. Mullock, Chas. T. Hull, II. N. Lowe, Ja,mes Bennett, 1. Loewy, N. V. Weller, Harry L. Towner, Elliott M. Frost. The first officers were: J. W. Murrele, E.; H. C. Hayes, V. R ; E. Mills, O.; George II. Curtis, P. P.; James B. Maney, Sec.;^ T. O. Mullock, Col.; Chas. T. Hull, Treas.; P. N. Lowe, chaplain; James Bennett, G.; I. Loewy, W.; Nathan V. Weller, S. Present officers: Miles Finch, P.; James F. Dyer, V. G. ; E. Mills, ().; James Maney, P. P.; S. Loewy, Sec; D. J. McAffee, Col.; C. T. Hull, Treas.; C. L. Stevens, chaplain ; Chas. Ilorton, G.; P. N. Lowe, W.; A. P. Palmer, S.; trustees, E. Mills, J. 15. Maney, C. L. Stevens. Say re Council, No. 1175, Royal Arcanum, was organized Aug. 3, 1889, with a charter membership of 19. The present olficers are: C. H. Strauss, P. ; Jas. Paub, V. P. ; J. W. Richards, O. ; C. L. Fi'ancisco, P. R. ; A. T. Stark, Secy.; Andrew Ilarvie, collector; J. S. Haupt, Treas. ;G.W. Brassiugton, chaplain ; J. II. Lynn, guide; F. H. Geiss, warden; E. Berger, sentry. Present membership, 2(5. Asa Packer Lodge No 156, Order Fraternal Guardians, was organized Dec, 30, 1890, with the following officers: W. I. Feed, C. G. ; James Adam, Y. G. ; A. P. Krenier, P. C. G. ; Chas. C. "West, Sec; W. E. Shipley, cliaplain ; Herman I)olich, guide; E. (). Pealer, Treas. Sayre Dlvisi(m, No. 380, Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, was organized Feb., 12, 1888, with a membership of 12. The first officers were: S. D. Scholey, Chief Eng. ; E. A. Vaughn, first engineer; E. Dietrick, Sec. Eng.; W. II. Eaton, First Asst. Eng.; G. Decker, Sec. Asst. Eng.; L. E. Delaney, Third Asst. Eng.; C. Palmer, guide; II. H. Brown, chaplain. Present membership, 65. Weaver Lodge, No. 379, B. of L. F., was organized Jan. '29, 1888, with a charter membersliip of 12. The chai'ter officers were: E. Car- penter, P. M. ; John Durkin, M. ; Dennis Hays, \^. M. ; C. L. Burrows, 374 HISTOKT OF BRADFORD COUXIY. S. ; W. J. Stewart, C. ; E. E. AVelton, K. ; A. C. Burr, M. A. ; Fred Brown, W. ; Geo. Kirkland, C. D.; Fred Meeker, I. G. ; J. C. Mc- Nerney, O. G. ; W. H. Cowell, C. H. The present officers are: John Durkin, B. M. ; W. E. Breston, M. ; Floyd Meeker, V. M. ; James Denton, S. ; W. J. Stewart, C. ; Johnson Walt, B. ; H. C. Beam, M. A. ; Joseph Hay, W. ; Geo. Kirkland, C. D. ; W. S. Kirk wood, I. G. ; John McDonald, O. G. ; H. C. Beam. C. H. Alumni Association of the Collegiate Institute. The officers are: John W. Codding, A. M., Bres. ; Chas. M. Hornet. Yice Bres. ; Emma L. Welles, Sec. ; N. N. Betts, Treas. Wysox Pomona Grange, No. 23, P. of II. — Bresident, Louis Bioliet; secretary, Dwight Kellum. At a meeting held in Wysox, May 28, 1891, sixteen granges were represented b}^ delegates. Some of the supporters of the Grange are : A. O. Tracy, C. J. Beardsley, F. W. Bullock, E. J. Ayres and Albert Cornell. The " Golden Cyde^^ or, more properly. The International Frater- nal Alliance, of Baltimore, Md., was organized in this county in Jan- uary, 1889. D. N. Sargent, of Wellsburgh, N. Y., acting as attorney in organizing it. Union Agricultural Society, Canton : Bresident, J. H. Brown ; vice-president, F. A. Owen ; treasurer, George A. Guernsey ; secretary, Charles D. Derrah ; directors, John A. Innes, E. W. Sweet, A. H. Spencer. Towanda lodge. No. '290, K. of P., was organized in 1871, largely through the instrumentality of Bi. S. Clark. At its organization the principal officers were: H."^S. Clark, A". B.; H. J. Madill, C. C; G. II. Horton, V. C; A. D. Harding, K. of K. S. On the establishment of the Order in the county Mr. Clark was appointed District Deputy G. C. and held the office for two years. The deputies who have suc- ceeded him have been H. J. Madill, O. A. Black, B. F. Crossley, B. Benedict, and J. N. Califf, the present incumbent. Mountain Cliff Lodge, K. of P., of Barclay, was organized April 8, 1873. The first officers were, John Kellock, \. B.; F. M. Miner, C. C; William Johnson, Y. C; John Noble, K. of K. S. Mom-oeton Lodge, No. 2083, K.of 11, was organized March 9, 1&80. Has a membership of 33. Bresent officers: Theo. Ackley, D.; C. W. Walker, F. K.; J. H. Devore, S. Y. D.; E. B. Young, Treas.; O. H. Bockwell, Sec. TJUter Lodge, No. 2057, K of 11, was organized February 19, 1880. The first officers were: James Mather, B. D.; James Irving, D.; J. F. Ammerman, Y. D.; W. R. Weller, A. D.; E. F. Messerem, R. The present officers are: C. C. Geotchins, D.; W. W. Easterbrook, A. D.; James Kane, R.; J. Q. Sullivan, F. N. R. Bresent membership is ten. Bradford Encamjwient, No. LI, I. O. 0. F., at Towanda, was chartered June 22, 1846. The following were the charter officers: William H. Strickland, C. B. ; D. C. Salisbury, H. B.; E. W. Morgan, S. W.; G. F. Mason, J. W.; I. H. Stephens, scribe. The Society was reorganized Aug. 26, 1872. The present officers are: F. J. Kingslev, C. B. ; O. L. Stevens, H. B. ; E. E. Walters, S W.; J. O. Baker, J. W.; J. W. YanTuvl, scribe; J. H. Codding, Treas.; E. J. Browning, FIT.STOKY OF BRADFORD (BOUNTY. 8T5 0. S. ; H. J. Haves, I. S. ; J. M. Morrison, G. ; J. J. Eilenberger, first W.; S. P. Smith, second W.; A. 11. Owen, third W.; F. J. Timm, fourth W. ; H. A. Vail, lirst G. to T.; M. E. Oliubbiick, second G. toT. Number of members, forty -six. Canton Encampment., No. ISJf,, 1. 0. O. I^., was organized April 17, 1869. The present officers are : J. M. Bush, C. P. ; Allen Baker, H. P. ; M. Close, S. W. ; E. J. Cleveland, J. W. ; Edward Newman, S.; II. H. Taylor, T.; W. H. Williams, O. S. ; C. B. Worden, I. S. ; G. C. Lathrop, G. Present membership, 30. Bradford Lodge, No. 167, I. 0. O. F., Towanda, was chartered March 9, 1816, and instituted July 7, 181-G, with the following officers : William Elwell, N. G. ; Stephen Pierce, V. G. ; Charles Keed, sec- retary; O.R.Taylor, treasurer; E. W. Baird, Asst. secretary. The present officers are : J. H. Hayes, JST. G. ; Scott S. Watson, V. G. ; James H. Codding, treasurer; M. E. Cliubbuck, secretary ; W.J. Lent, Asst. secretary. It lias a membership of 105. Priam. Lodge, No. ^^7, 1. 0. 0. F., Troy, was organized May 17, 1847. The first officers were : Francis Smith, N G. ; Erastus W. Ilazzard, V. G. ; William F. JS'ewbery, secretary ; Franklin S. Ayles- worth, A. S. ; Curtis T. Fitch, treasurer; the present officers are: W. P. Case, N. G. ; W. S. Brown, V. G. ; J. B. Willour, secretary; H. M. Spalding, A. S. ; Warren Case, treasurer. The Lodge now numbers forty -two members. Canton' Lodge, No. 321, L. O. 0. L\, was organized June 19, 181:8, with the following officers : William Gosline, N. G.; W. S. Baker, V. G.; A. G. Pickard, secretary ; S. H. Newman, Asst. secretary ; John W. Griffin, treasurer. The following are the present officers : L. A. Bates, N. G.; E. J. Cleveland, V. G.; E. Newman, secretary ; F. W. Miller, Asst. secretaiy ; H. C. Stone, treasurer. The present member- ship is ninety-seven. Athens Lodge, No. 165, L. 0. O. F., was organized during the summer of 1846, but as the records were burned, the exact date of organization can not be ascertained. The first officers were : O. D. Satterlee, N. G., E. S. Mathewson, V, G.; O. Shipman, secretary ; J. H. Welles; treasurer; I. H.Stephens, Asst. secretary. The present officers are: 1. Loewy, N. G.; M. R. Heath, V. G.; J. H. Northrup, assistant secretary; J. J. Kimball, treasurer. Wyalusing Lodge, No. 503, L. 0. O. F., was organized April 14, 1854, at the house of J. S. Thomas. Charter members : Joshua Bur- rows, Lorin Camp, Hiram Elliott, Geoige Acroyd, James Beaumont, H. Black, II. Buck, J. D. Camp. L. B. Camp, F. S. Camp, J. S. Angle, V. Smith, J. Fee, J. C. Bartholf, Homer Camp, Steward Bosworth. First officers: Joshua Burrows, N. G.; Hiram Elliott, Y. G.; S. W. Camp, Sec; J, S. Thompson, A. S.; H. Black, Treas. Present officers : U. G. Peet, N. G.; C. S. Chaffee, V. G.; T. C. Lee, Sec; C. S. LafPerty, Treas.; James Beaumont, Treas.; P. H. Sumner, Con.; G. H. Titus, R. S.; Frank Chamberlam, L. S.; C. J. Vosburg, R. S. to V. G.; A, C. Hammerly. L. S. to V. G.; W. S. Chaffee, I. G.; H. B. Lyon, O. G.; W. T. Depue, R. S. S.; N. B. Overton, L. S. S. AmtinviUe Lodge, No. 326, I. 0. 0. F., of Austinville, was organ- 376 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ized December 31, 1872, with twenty-two charter members. The present officers are : WilUam Fisk, N. G.; M. fl. Block, Y. G.; W. D. Canfield. secretary ; J, S. AspinAvall, treasurer. Present membership, twenty-eight. Valley Lodge, No. Ji,Ii.6, 1. O. O. F., Sheshequin, was organized July 18, 1851. The first officers were : Thomas Kinney, N. G.;Chas. H.Ames, y. G.; A. J. Cole, recording secretary; Samuel Griffin, A. S.; Elishu Satterlee, Treas. The present officers are: Addison E,. Gillett, N. G.; Leland Griffin, V. G.; Walter S. Elsbree, recording secretary; Jacob P. Rogers, assistant secretary; George Childs, treasurer. The present membership is seventy-seven. Monroeton Lodge, No. 137, I. O. O. F., was chartered November 17, 1845, and instituted February 12, 1846, The first officers were : D. C. Salisbury, N. G.; E. W. Morgan, Y. G.; G. F. Mason, secretary; W, H. Strickland, treasurer. The present officers are : R. D. Phillips, N. G.; John M. Harvey, Y. G.; John Dumfee, secretary; I. M. Piatt, assistant secretary. The present number of members is sixty-seven. Spinngjield Lodge No. 381, I. 0. 0. F., was organized February 28, 1850, with the following as first officers: Thomas Smead, N. G.; H. W. Root, Y. G.; Dr. Theo. Wilder, secretary; C. P.Williams, treasurer. Le Rays Lodge, No. 1^.16, 1. 0. (). F., was organized October 31, 1850, with the following as first officers: Dr. C. S. Dusenbury, IST. G.; Steven Gorham, Y. G.; L. P. Blackman, secretary; John Baldwin, treasurer. Home L^odije, No. J^SO, I. 0. 0. F., was organized September 12, 1853, with the following as first officers : H. D. Towner, IST. G.; J. II. Allen, Y. G.; W. H. Shaw, secretary. Present officers: E. E. Chub- buck, N. G.; Bert Boardman, Y. G.; S. O. Allen, secretary ; D. S. Boardman, assistant secretarv ; L. C. Meracle, treasurer. Asylum Lodge, No. ^88, I. 0. 0. F., was instituted July 21, 1853, with the following as first officers: Henry Kinney, i^. G.; D. L. States, V. G.; A. J. Stone, secretary ; David Wilson, treasurer. Wyedusiiig Lodge, No. 503, L 0. 0. F., was instituted April 14, 1854, \vith the following as first officers: Joshua Burrows, N. G.; Hiram Elliott, Y. G.; L. W. Cam]), secretary ; Harrison Black, treasurer. NetD Albrniy Lodqe, No. 682, 1. 0. 0. F, was organized December 23, 1869, with the following as first officers : G. W. Burdick, N. G.; G. H. Kendall, Y. G.; S. D. Steriger, secretary ; D. W. Harshburger, treasurer. Oranmlle Centre Lodge, No. 687, I. 0. 0. F., was organized December 24, 1869, with the following as first officers : Robert Innis, JST. G.; M. O. Loorais, Y. G.; P. M. Sayles, secretary ; Adam Innis, treasurer. Aspimocdl Lodge, No. 789, I. 0. O. F., was organized March 14, 1872, with the ' following as first officers: James R. Brasted, N. G.; J. D. Wolfe, Y. G.; Geo. H. Knapp, secretary; Ed. Wright, treasurer. Barclay Lodge, No. 807, L 0. O. F., was organized July 12, 1872, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 377 with the following as first officers: Chas. Hutchinson, N. G.; John Ditchburn, V. G.; L. S. Kelder, secret arj^ ; Ed. Wheatley, treasurer. White Lilly Lodge, ]\^o. 808, Wvalusino;, was organized September 19, 1872. Charter members: H. "^B. Gaylord, A.^ B. Porter, H. J. Hallock, J. H. Swarts, E. W. Vaughan, David Craft, Daniel Brown, JS". S. Snover, G. A. Boberts, Church Vanosdoll, S. C. Gavlord, F. II. Stalford, N. J. Gaylord, J. F. Stalford, B. T. Ilallock, A. B. Culver, G.K.Thompson. Scott W. Vaughan, O. B. Hiney. First officers: N. S. Snover, N. G.; A. B. Culver, V. G.; H. B. Gaylord, Sec; A. B. Porter, A. Sec. " Ilallock Block" was burned July 24, 1875, and all the property of the Society except their ledger. Their splendid pres- ent building stands on the old Ilallock hall ground, built in 1870. Present officers : E. II. Casnell, N. G.; W. B. Wells, V. G.; H. J. Ilallock, Sec; W. P. Wilson, A. Sec; W. II. Kintner, Treas.; present membership, 74. Zeroy lodge, No. 8.1^3, 1. O. 0. F., was organized June 24, 1873, with the following as first officers : A. T. Lilley, N. G.; W. F. Eobin- son, Y. G.; M. L. Wooster, secretary ; J. E. Lilley, treasurer. Silvaraville Lodge, No. 887, L. O. 0. F., was organized November 11, 1874, with the following as first officers: J. J. Culver, N. G.; Wil- liam Christian, V. G.; E. L. Taylor, secretaiy. Burlington Lodge, No. 90 Jp, L. 0. 0. L^., was organized March 26, 1875, with the following as first officers: L. M. Bundell, N. G.; P. Y. Burns, V. G.; N. W. Lane, secretary ; R. R. Phelps, treasurer. Clanson Lodge, No. 930, L. 0. 6. F, was organized November 23, 1875. The first officers were : G. H. Fitch, N. G.; W. Reutner, V. G.; I. M. Sweet, secretary. Wells Lodge, No. ^931,1. 0. O.F., was organized December IG, 1875. The first officers were : Capt. Albert Judson, N. G. ; C. L. She])ard, Y. G. ; A. B. Hathaway, secretary. Sylvan Lodge, No. 926, L O. 6. F, was instituted Februarv 1, 187G. The first officers were: J. H. Calkins, N. G. ; A. M. Caixl, Y. G. ; Geo. P. Monroe, secretary ; Peleg Peck, treasurer. Smith field Lodge, No. 928, L O. 0. F., was organized January 15, 1876. The first officers were: E. G. Durfey, N. G. ; J. L. Yincent, Y. G. ; O. Gerould, secretary. Northern Tier Lodge, No. 930, was organized March 28, 1876. The first officers were : Peter Yortendyke, N. G. ; N^ . George, Y. G. ; Ira Crane, secretary ; L Pitt, treasurer. Litchfield Lodge, No. 938, L O. O. LZ, organized June 25, 1876. First officers : A. G. Wolcott, N. G. ; F. H. Sherman, Y. G. ; J. C. Mc- Kinney, secretary ; A. M. Wolcott, Asst. secretary ; C. H. Campbell, treasurer. Present officers: A. A. Cooper, K G.' ; J. F. Merill, Y. G. ; P. W. Wolcott, secretary; J, A. Wood, Asst. secretary; John Barr, Jr., treasurer ; H. I. Chandler, R. S. to N. G. ; James Musen, L. S. toN. G. ; George Parks, W. ; E. Chandler, C. ; S. Hadlock, R. S. S. ; G. S. Munn, L. S. S. ; D. S. Chandler, chaplain. Number of members, forty. Bentley Creek Lodge, No. 9]^, L. O. 0. F., was organized October 378 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 20, 1876. The following were the first officers: Geo. Miller, K G. ; Alvin May, V. G. ; E. M. Tuton, secretary ; V. S. Vincent, treasurer. Saxton Post^ No. 65, G. A. P., Granville Centre, was organized October 10, 1878, and named in honor of Solomon Saxton, Company F, Eleventh Pennsylvania Cavalry, who died a prisoner of war, at Tliomasville, Ga. Charter members : D. D. Huff, S. R. Case, John A. Hawthorne, E. M. Ross, S. C. Hoby, S. J. Saxton, M. Gage, Harrison Ross, James A, Hawthorne, J. C. May, Aaron Walbrow, Charles R. Kenyon, M. M. Montague, James L. Holdford, Hiram H. Foster, Har- vey Putnam, A. M. Mott, D. A. Griswold, P. R. Warren, Frank Sax- ton, Thomas Bush, Allen Woodin. First officers: Harrison Ross, C; Barton Saxton, Adj.; P. R. Warren, chaplain ; C. R. Kenyon, S. Y. C; Frank Saxton, Q. M.; Sylvester Putnam, J. V. C; S. J. Saxton, Sur.; S. R. Case, O. D. Present officers: James McKean, C; David Allen, S. R. V. C; James Bradley, J. Y. C; Burton Saxton, Sur.; Simon Will- iams, chaplain; P. R. Warren, Q. M.; Reuben Rockwell, O. D.; C. R. Kenyon, O. G.; S. Putnam, Adj.; S. R. Case, Q. M. S. Madison Cooper Post, xYo. 4-4^, G. A. P., was organized July 9, 1884. Officers: E. M. Fenton, C; A. R. Smith, S. Y. C; William May, J. Y. C; James Henry, Sur.; S. A. Hicks, chaplain ; Frank Rip- leyJ^Q. M.; Oscar Harkness/Adj.; Darius Bullock, O. D.; John Brenck- ley, O. G. Gustin Post, No. IBJf,, G. A. P.,Tvov. — The charter officers were: Rev. J. B. French, C; William R. Sumis, Sr., Y. C; Dreah N. Yer- beck, Jr., Y. C; Simon Green, Q. M.; J. Seymour, Adj. The present membership is sevent3^ Present officers: J. C. B. Armstrong, com- mander; G. H. Manson, adjutant. Stevens Post, No. 69, G. A. P., Rome, was organized Octobers, 1870. The first officers were : Simon Russell, C.; John Forbes, S. Y. C; John S. Frink, J. Y. C; A. Keefe, Adj.; P. Towner, Chaplain ; L. F. Rus- sell, Q. M.; H. McCabe, O. D.; R. McCabe, O. G.; D. S. Boordman, Sur.; John Whitaker, Sergt.-Maj.; Wayne Towner, Q. M. S. The pres- ent officers are : D. S. Boordman, C; J^ohn Yaught, S. Y. C; Marvin Harris, J. Y. C; J. A. Allen, Q. M.; Martin Horton, Sur.; Rev. J. B. Davis, chaplain; G. L. Forbes, O. D.; B. G. Wilmot, Adj.; S. O. Allen, O. G. The present membership is seventy-three. IiKjhain Post, No. 91, G. A. P., Canton, was organized Nov. 16, 1877, with 13 charter members. The first officers were: IST. Landon, Com.; F. Bunyan, S. Y. C; A. A. Mills, J. Y.C. ; J. B. Bulter, Adj.; E. B. Kellev, Q. M.; William Black, O. of D. The present officers are: Wilham Black, Com.; Aug. Owen, S. Y. C; G. H. Kendall, J. Y. C; N. Landon, Q. M.; H. H. Spencer, Adj.; Job Crandle, O. of D.; E. Robinson, O. G. ffurst Post, No. 86, G. A. P., was organized December 20, 1877, and now has a membership of 46. First officers: H. F. Smith, C. ; J. L. Coburn, S. Y. C. ; Thomas Beaumont, J. Y. C; E. Fuller, Adj. ; P. J. Man, Q. M.; San ford Cox, Sur.; J. E. Adamv, Chap.; Joseph Harris, O. D.; Charles Hawley, O. G.; L. B. Camp, S. M.; A. J. Drake, Q. M. S. Present officers : C. L. Stewart, C; J. A. Park, S. \^ C; James Alderson, J. Y. C; C. J. Easterbrook, Adj.; S. W. TTTRTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. oi'd Wells, Q. M. ; A. li. Stevens, Sur.; S. F. Buttles, Chap.; J. W. Ifurst, O. D.;' James Carr, (). G.; S. P. Warner., S. M.; George Jennings, Q. M. S. East Smith field G. A. E. Post was organized m 1808, with the following charter members : Stephen Ansell, L. T. Adams, I. M. Eames, E. M. Durfey, E. B. Darfey, W. B. Forrest, Bebee Gerould, G. L. Gardner, G.L. Gardner. J. W. Schouten and J. L. A'incent. Present officers: D. W. Lane, 0.; S. K. Gustin, S. V. C.; C. C. Camp- bell, J. Y. C; E. E. Chamberlain, O. D.; I. M. Eames, O. G.; L. T. Adams, chaplain; A. O. Scott, Adj.; H. M. Moody, surgeon; Calvin Chamberlain, Q. M.; D. Phelps, Q. M. S.; J. S. Doty, S. M. Trustees : William Crayton, A. O. Scott, O. E. Wilcox. Present meml)ership, forty-six. In the public square is a splendid Soldiei's' Monument erected. The pure white marble shaft rises about eighteen feet; was erected by the citizens, prominent among whom were James H. Webb, H. Mont Moody, Israel Phel])s and W. E. Vooris. Watkins Post, No. 68, G. A. P., Towanda, was organized June 17, 1867, with H. A. Frink, commander, and was kept up till 18G9, when it was disbanded. The Post was reorganized Dec. 19, 1878, with the following officers: II. J. Madill, commander; J. E. Fleming, S. V. C; James Foster, J. V. C; D. W. Scott, Q. M.; W. B. Kelly, Surg.; O. D. Lyon, chaplain ; E. Overton, Jr., O. D.; D. L. Sweeny, O. G.; C. F. Cross, Adj. The present officers are: T. Kingsley, P. C; J. W. Lewis, S. B. C; William Maxtield, J. B. C; O. D. Lyons, A.; A. J. Fisher, Q. M.; Peter La Plant. S.; H. A. Burbank, chaplain. This Post has a membership of 12L Watkins Camp, Sons of Veterans, No. 75, was chartered Nov. 17, 1884, and continued a short time when it disbanded. It was rechar- tered March 5, 1891, with a membership of thirty-three. Order of the Iron EalL Branch No. 3 (beneficial), was chartered May 21, 1881. The present officers are: William Keyser, chief justice ; E. E. Shaw, V. J. ; W. L. Carpenter, prelate; J. II. Pennepacker, cash- ier; O. E. Bennett, accountant; Jessie Schoonover, herald; M. O. Moody, watchman; C. M. Neeley, vidette. It has a membership of seventy-six. Knights of Honor, Lodge No. 57, was chartered Jan. 14, 1875. The ]iresent officers are: Geo. Britton, dictator.; S. S. Pierce, Y. D.; Asa Douglas, chaplain; Geo. Kidgeway, Sec; II. S. Graves, Treas. It has a membership of sixty-seven. Knights and Ladles of Honor, Mystic Lodge, No. 4-6^, was chartered April 1, 1879. The present officers are: S. M. Woodburn, protector; Mrs. W. P. Dimock, Y. P.; Mrs. A. C. Ridgeway, chaplain; Geo. Ridgeway, Secy. ; C. T. Kirby, treasurer. It has a membership num- bering thirty-three. MalloryPost, No. ^85, G. A. P., Sayre, was organized September 19, 1882. This post was named after First-Sergeant Hollis Mallory, a gallant young soldier of Company C, Seventh Pennsylvania Reserves, who died after being released from Andersonville prison. The present officers are: Isaac Burk, commander; Henry Davenport, senior Y. C; A. E. Burbank, junior Y. C; J. Watkins, O. of D.; J Cramer, O. of G.; 380 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. S. Chase, chaplain; J. D. Luce, quarter-master; H. P. Teed, adjutant. Present membership is thirt^^-eight. Jackson Post, Mo.7JfM. A. It., Wyalusing, was organized September 13 1877, with forty charter members. The name of Jackson Post was taken in memory of Capt. G. W. Jackson, who was a member of Company A, 141st ^Regt., P. Y. The present officers are: W. T. Horton, P. Cora.; N. J.' Gaylord, S. V. Com.; Ethel Fuller, J. Y. Com.; Abial Lewis, Q. M.; Alfred Hammerly, O. of D.; Hiram Whit- ney, O. of G.; Yolney Homet, surgeon ; E. F. Roberts, chaplain; J. G. Keeler, adjutant; James Alderson, Q. M. S.; E. L. Dunklin, sergeant- major. The present membership is fifty-five. Spalding Post, No. 33, G. A. P., Pike township, was organized August 1, 1876, with seventeen charter members, viz. : M. E. Warner, J. A. Bosworth, F. J. Yanderpool, P. L. Cobb, C. H. Warner, S. B. Canheld, George M. Brink, Harvey B. Taylor, G. M. Johnson, James H. Goodell, C. A. Carter, L. W. tlpham, J. C. Shadduck, George W. Brink, H. C. Alderson, W. D. Chaffee and J. B. Lines; of these twelve are members in good standing; one hundred and twelve have been recruited, fifty-eight are deceased, leaving at present seventy-one members. M. E. Warner was first commander, and E. M. Pitcher is present commander. SiDari Post, No. 72, G. A. P., New Albany, was organized June 28, 1877. Number of present members in good standing, 56. First officers: R. H. Richards, C; S. S. Ormsby, S. Y. C; Adrial Lee, J. Y. C; James Terrv, O. D.; Warren Aver, M.; John Grant, Sur.; Robert Hatch, Chap.; S. W. Hatch, O. G.; Alfred Strevy, S. M.; H. R. Yan Loon, Q. M. S.; O. W. Emery, Adj. Present officers : M. B. Ryder, C; Isaac Babcock, S. Y. C."^; R. S. Sabin, J. Y. C; Porter Jones, Q. M.; John McNeel, Sur.; S. H. Williams, Chap.; Benjamin Ayers, O. D.; James Allen, O. G.; J. M. Jones, Adj.; D. A. Crandall, S.'^M.; Edward Chilson, Q. M. S. Washimjton Camp, No. '272, P. 0. S. A., Sayre, Avas organized June 26, 1881, with a charter membership of twentv-five. The first officers were: W. F. Startzel, president; J. H. Weiss, Y. P.; W. H. Florey, recording secretary; T. II. Brown, treasurer; C. F. Bennett, financial secretary. Present membership is seventy-five. Sayre Building and Loan Association was organized May 9, 1885. Tiie present officers are: R. M. Hovey, president; Dr. I. R. Schoon- maker, vice-president; D. K. Hamilton, secretary, J. W. Bishop, treas- urer; W. C. Douglas, solicitor; directors, R. M. Plovey, D. K. Hamil- ton, F. J. Krom, Dr. I. R. Schoonmaker, S. W. Blood, "G. Mangier. P. A. Packer Band, Sayre, was organized in 1887. They received a check from R, A. Packer, with wiiich they purchased a set of instru- ments. The officers are as follows : J. M.'^Weaver, president; T. D. Williams, treasurer; Mat McGuflfee, secretary; J. M. Daly, leader. Athens Union Veteran Legion, Encampment No. 28. was organized June 26, 1888, with the following charter members: W. H. H. Gore; Oliver D. Lyon ; Daniel Bradbury; James H. Wilson ; R. S. Edminston ; Abarina French; Geo. D. Fuller; Edward S. Rolls: William H. Crawford ; Chas. T. Hull ; D. W. Tripp ; Charles Ilinton ; John HISTORY OF BRAJ)F0R1) COUNTY. 381 Connell ; John M. Kiamer ; William H. Dodd ; Henrv C. llavs ; Amos H. Miller; Alexander Reefe; Melain Douglas ^ James "W. Alderson ; William Ilollrngshead and Henry Davenport. Encampment mustered and officers installed June 2r», 1888. Past Colonels : W. H. H. Gore; Daniel Dradbury ; Robert S. Edminston. The officers for 1891 are: Col., George L. Fuller; Lieut. Col., William H. Crawford ; Maj., Walter H. French ; officer of day, Daniel Bradbury ; Adj., William H. Nutt ; Q. M., Flenry Davenport; chaplain, Alphus Sin- sabaugh ; O. of G., Amos H. Miller ; surgeon, Lewis Eighmy ; sergeant- major, John Connell; Q. M. S., Nelson A. Cornell; bugler, William H. Crane ; color-bearer, Jos. H-. Wilson. Griffins Cainp, No. 30, S. of V., was organized August 0, 1885, with forty-five cliarter members. The charter officers were : J. H. Sairs, captain; V. E. Heath, first lieutenant; E. Jakeway, second lieu- tenant; F. L. Ross, first sergeant ; F. G. Sairs, quarter-master sergeant. The present officers are: Charles Hosmer, captain; Jessie B. Stage, first lieutenant ; E. Anson, second lieutenant ; R. V. liogers, first sergeant; Fred Ilosmer, quarter-master sergeant. Ferkl)hS Post, No. m^, 6^..!. 7?., was organized at Atljens,Feb..lS70. It was named after Capt. x\ugustus S. Perkins, who was killed at Fred- ericksburg. The charter members were : Edwin A. Spalding, captain Company I, 141st P. V.; Jolm H. Ilosmer, corporal. Company M, 50th N. Y. E.; Henry Carpenter, private, Company D, loTth N. Y. v.; Horace Williston, first lieutenant, Company — , quartermaster, 57th P. Y.; Frank Y. Hull, artificer, ('ompany M, 50th N. Y. E.; William P. Crans, private. Company II, 57th P.' V^.; Henry C. Haves, corporal. Company C, 14th U. S. I.; George M. Page, private, Company F, 6th P. R.; Lafayette Anson, Company H, 57th P. Y.; L. E. Sinsa- baugh, sergeant. Company H, 46th P. Y.; Yictor E. Phelps, [)rivate. Company C, 5th U. S. A.; William Balcom, jn-ivate, Company — , 20th N. Y. Ind. Battery; B. F. Mclvmney, corporal, Company I, 187th P. Y.; Benjamin Wanzer, private. Company B, 137th N.'' Y. Y.; Addison B. Stone, private, Company B, 50th N. Y. E.; Fred. B. Welch, sergeant, Company B, 50th N. Y. E.; Charles R. Law- rence, private, Company A, 179th N. Y. Y.; Orin D. Roberts, cor- poral. Company H, 57th P. Y.; R. C. Sinsabaugh, lieutenant, Com[)any H, 57th P. Y.; Joseph B. Reeve, caj^tain. Companv E. 141st P. Y.\ William H. Patterson, private. Company F, 10th N^ Y. C; Charles T. Hull, corporal, Company E, 141st P. Y.; William Carner, sergeant, Company E, 141st P. Y.; Michael Fmnev, private. Company E, 141st P. Y.; Nathan Y. Weller, private. Company I, 109th N. Y. Y.; James H. Wilson, private. Company F, 6th P. R.; John Beecher, corporal, Company E, 14th N. Y. H. A. Officers installed : Edwin A. Spalding, commander; H. Williston, S. Y. C; John H. Hosmer, J. Y. C; C. T. Hull, adjutant; J. B. Reeve, quarter-master; H. C. Hayes, officer of the day; F. Y. Hull, officer of the guard; Lafay- ette Anson, chaplain; J. H. Wilson, Q. M. S.; F. B. Welch, ser- geant-major; R. C. Sinsabaugh, suro-eon. The present officers are : Michael Harrigan, Com.: John Rifenberg, S. Y. C; T. D. AYood, J. 382 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. V. C; Alexander Keefe, Adj.; D. C. Grav, Q. M.; M. K. Smith, surgeon ; F. P. Wolcott, O. of D.; N. A. Cornell^O. of G. IIuWs Battery A, First Veteran Artillery, Athens, was organized June 14, 1887, with twenty -seven charter members. The charter officers were : C. T. Hull, chief of artillery ; William H. jSTutt, captain ; G. H. Weeks, quarter-master; F. P. Wolcott, surgeon ; H. Van Watter, first surgeon ; W. H. Dunlop, first corporal ; A. C. Miller, second cor- poral; J. E. Jenn3\ teamster. The present officers are: C. T. Hull, chief of artillery ; W. H. Nutt, captain ; A. D. Gamson, first lieutenant , Barney Kain, first corporal ; P. M. Coolbaugh, second corporal ; F. P. Wolcott, surgeon ; J. E. Jenny, teamster. CHAPTER XXIII. STATISTICS AND MISCELLANEA. Lisr OF Taxables by Districts — Census Statistics Including Popula- tion — Miscellaneous. BKADFOKD COUNTY, in its resources, shows the following list of taxables by districts : As3'lum township, 354 ; Albany town- ship, 445 ; Athens township, 583; Athens borough, 1,357 ; Armenia township, 197; Alba borough, 74; Barclay township, 258; Burlington township, 315 ; Burlingtonborough, 77 ; West Burlington township, 233 ; Canton township, 635 ; Canton borough, 477; Columbia township, 453 ; Franklin township, 215 ; Granville township, 438; Ilerrick township, 306; Litchfield township, 356 ; Le Raysvilie borough, 753; Le Roy township, 354 ; Monroe township, 568; Monroe borough, 215; New Albany borough, 126 ; Orwell township. 400 ; Overton township, 247 ; Pike township, 465 ; Pome township, 358 ; Rome borough, 112 ; Ridg- bury township, 443 ; Smithfield township, 527; Springfield township, 442 ; South Creek township. 330 ; South Waverly borough, 385 ; Sylva- nia borough, 100 ; Sheshequin township, 426; Standing Stone town- ship, 261; Sayre borough, 1009; Tuscarora township, 419; Terry township, 447; Towanda township, 410; Towanda borough, 1297 ; North Towanda township, 240; Troy township, 521; Troy borough, 470 ; Ulster to^vnship, 382 ; Warren township, 358; Windham town- ship, 308; Wilmot township, 508; Wyalusing township, 444; Wyalus- ing borough, 166 ; Wysox township, 478 ; Wells township, 408. Cleared land as follows : 450,677 acres ; timber land, 202,737 acres. Value of all real estate,:$;21, 782,789. Number of horses, mares, geldings and mules over the age of 4 vears,ll,826 ; number of neat cattle over the age of four years,23, 188; aggregate value of all proi)ei'ty taxable for county purposes "at the rate of three and one-half mills on the dollar, $22,147,714; aggre- gate value of property taxable for State pur])oses at three mills on the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 383 dollar, including monev at interest, household furniture and stages, $3,60:3,515. Receipts of the count}^ in 1891 from all sources, $97,518.13. There are 6,160 farms and 330 manufactories outside of Towanda borough. In the mercantile lists in the county, by districts, are the following: Athens borough, 39; Athens township, 5; Albany township, 2; Asy- lum to\vnshi{), 2; Alba borough, 1; Burlington borough, 3; Burling- ton townsliip, 2; West Burlington, 1 ; Barckiy, 2; Columbia township, 4; Canton tow^iship, 3 ; Canton borough, 32 ; Franklin township. 3; Granville township, 4 ; Merrick, 2 ; Litchfield, 3 ; Le Roy township, 4 ; Le Raysville borough, 11 ; Monroe borough, 9; Monroe township, 6; New Albany borough, 6 ; North Towanda township, 1 ; Overton town- ship, 3 ; Orwell township, 8 ; Pike townshij), 5 ; Rome borough, 6 ; Ridgebury townsliip, 4 ; Rome townsliip, 1 ; Sheshequin township, 1 ; Springfield township, 2 ; Standing Stone township, 4 ; Smithfield town- ship, 8 ; South Creek township, 3 ; Sylvania borough, 2; Sayre bor- ough, 20 ; Terry township, 3 ; Troy borough, 34; Troy township, 3; Towanda borough, 76 ; Towanda township, 1 ; Tuscarora township,3 ; Ulster township, 6; Wysox township, 5: Wyalusing borough, 'lO; Wyalusing township, 3; Windham township, 6; Warren township, 4; Wilmot township, 4; Wells township, 3. There are 49 licensed hotels in the county ; also 2 licensed restaurants, 4 merchant dealers, 1 wholesale bottler and 1 brewery. Creameries in the countv T Wvalusing — II. L. Case, built 1888; Camptown, 1890; Ballibay, "1888; Herrickville, 1889; Le Raysville, 1886; Orwell Hill, 1886 (built by stock company; D. D. Jones, man- ager; J. P. Coburn, secretary; S. N. Bronson, treasurer); North Orwell, 1887 (proprietors. Baker Bros.); Pottersville, 1889; Troy, 1882 (S. H. Hey wood, proprietor; S. W. Lester, manager;) Columbia Cross Roads— Grover— 1889 ; Pike township, 1884, by H. L. Case (now owned by W. C. Brister and Orwell Ellsworth; superintendent, Steven Lewis). Pojndation, etc.: The county of Bradford is forty miles long, and -twenty-eight wide ; contains 1,174 square miles ; in 1820 had a i)ODula- tion of 11,454: 1830, 19,746; 1840, 32.769; 1850, 42,831; 1860, 48;735. In 1880 this reached within a few hundred of the present population, given below : POPULATION OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1880. 1890. Alba borough 189 163 Albauy township 1,464 1,433 Armenia township. . 410 460 Asylum township 1,247 1.043 Athens borough 1 592 3 274 Ward 1 1,053 Ward 2 995 Ward 3 1,326 Athens township 2,403 4,748 Barclay township, includ- ing Barclay village. . . 2,634 1,436 Burlington borough 3 '0 166 Burlington township 1,094 946 1880. Canton borough 1.194 Canton township 1,837 Columbia township 1,304 Franklin township 703 Granville township 1,302 Ilerrick township 935 Le Raysville borough .... 324 LeRoy township 1,106 Litchlield township 1,159 Monroe borough 383 Monroe townsliip 1,388 New Albany borough. . . 233 North Towanda Iwp 746 1890. 1,393 1,835 1,245 626 1,224 813 374 1.003 946 496 1,596 287 753 384 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1880. Towiiiida township 1,142 Troy borough 1 ,241 Troy township 1,558 Tuscarora township 1,295 Ulster township 1.168 Warren township 1,336 Wells township 1,148 West Burlington twp 915 Wilmot township 1,680 Windham township 1,160 Wyalusing borough Wyalusing township .... 1,531 Wysox township 1,406 1890. 1,091 1,307 1,525 1,357 1,053 1,124 985 892 1,511 1,000 433 1,273 1,247 Total 58,541 59,233 1880. 1880. Orwell township 1,307 1,021 Overton township 503 775 Pilie township 1.496 1,308 Kidgebury township ... 1,489 1,189 Rome borough 236 226 Rome township 1,045 919 Sheshoquin township 1,460 1,272 Smithtield township 1,826 1,630 Soulh Creek township. . 1,113 935 South Waverly borough. 854 1,082 Springfield township. . . 1,516 1,359 Standing Stone township 815 758 Sylvania borough 227 241 Terry township 1,286 1,295 ToAvanda borough 3,814 4,169 Ward 1 1,262 Ward 2 1,653 Ward 3 1,254 Miscellaneous. — There are thirteen boroughs, thirty-seven town- sliips, and many postoffices. There is not a city in the county, nor is there an exchisive manufacturing- town. At Athens, Troy, Canton, Grover and Greenwood are tlie largest tanneries in northern Pennsyl- vania. The latter is one of the largest in the world. There are over 500 acres cultivated in tobacco, in the river valley mostly, and this profitable industry is rapidly extending. The current year (1891), the largest fields are estimated to yield an average of 1800 pounds to the acre, and the prices range from twenty to twenty -three cents per pound. The heaviest expense in raising a crop of tobacco is the annual application of fertilizers — about $100 per acre is often used with profit. All over the county grow the sugar trees, but the largest orchards are now east of the river ; they ai'e numerous from Towanda to the northeast corner of the county^ In the northeast part of the county is the potato district, where the valuable tubers are largely cultivated, and hauled to the railroad at Nichols and Owego. Railroads. — Miles of railroad in the county: Lehigh Valley Railroad. 45.61 miles; D. W. & W. R. R., 0.01 miles; G. I. & S. (branch of Lehigh Vallev), 1.35 miles; S. C. branch (branch of Lehigh Valley), 2.06 miles; Barclay branch (branch of Lehigh Valley), 1.42 miles;* State Line & Sullivan Railroad, 12 miles; Barclay Railroad and A^alley branch, 16.50 miles; Northern Central (estimated), 38 miles. Ti"]e Lehigh Valley road is double track through the county on the main line, entering the county from the south, at a point -^-^ of a mile southerly from the northwest corner of Wyoming county, following the east"^side of the Susquehanna river, through the corner of Wilmot, Tuscarora, Wyalusing, Standing Stone and Wysox townships, to the Towanda bridge, where it crosses to the west side, and continues along the river through a corner of Towanda borough, into North Towanda, Ulster, and- Athens townships to the Chemung river bridge, again cross- ing the I'iver, and to Savre, entering New York -^^ of a mile easterly from its junction with the N. Y., L. E. & W. R. R. The Geneva Ithaca, & Sayre branch, has its junction with the Lehigh at Sayre, and runs northerly through Sayre, entering New York a little west of the 59-mile post. HISTORY OF nitADFOKI) COUN'TV. 387 The Southern Central branch also has its junction at Sayre, and runs northwesterly through the borough of Sayre, and one and one- half miles of Athens township and enters New York between the 57 and 58 mile stones. Barclay branch of the Lehigh joins the main line at the east end of Towanda bridge, and runs soutlierly througii the borougli to its junc- tion with the Barclay Railroad. State line and Sullivan branch of tlie Lehigh has its janction with the Barclay Railroad at Monroe Station, then southerly up the south branch of Towanda creek through Mpnroe and Albany tow^nship, entering Sullivan countv one mile south/of Laddsburg. The Northern Central Railroad enters the county from the south, a siiort distance below Grover, passes tlirough Canton. Minnequa, Cowley, Troy, and passes into New Yoi'k a short distance nortli of Fassett. The Delaware, Lackawanna & Western enters the State near the 59-mile stone, and runs \vesterl\" through the borough of Sayre and leaves the State, passing into New York near the 65-mile stone. The Bradford County Agrieultural Society was first organized in tlie spring of 1853, with the following officers: Gen. Darius Bullock, president ; Chauncey Frisbie and Charles Wright, vice-presidents ; Edward Overton, corresponding secretary ; William Scott, recording- secretary ; Ileury Booth and Guy Watkins, assistant secretaries; William Elwell, treasurer. Managers: Emanuel Guyer, G. F. Iledington, Eli Baird, J, F. Means, W. C. Bogart. Joseph Towner, Jessie Brown, B. Laporte, E. W. Hale. The first annual fair was held at the court-house and on the Public Square, in Towanda, October 6 and 7, 1853, and ])roved a surprising success. The fairs in 1854, 1855 and 1856 were all held in the same place. During the fair of 1856 Hon. Horace Greeley delivered an address entitled " Science in Agri- culture." In 1858 no fair was held. In 1859 ground was leased just south of Towanda, and fairs were held thereon in 1859-60. The breaking out of the Rebellion disrupted the Society, and no fairs were again held until 1874, wlien the Society was reorganized, and a fair was held that year at the Rutty Driving Park, in North Towanda, as was also the fair in 1875. In 1876 the Society took possession of its present grounds, under a lease of five years, and in 1889 purchased the grounds. Col. M. Laning was one of the early and prominent organizers, and for several years was president thereof. The officers for 1891 are as follows: R. H. Laning. president; P. W. Morey, L. J. Culver, E. J. Ayres, Louis Piollet, Norman A¥hite, vice-presidents; Wm. E. Lane, Towanda, Pa., secretary ; Wm. J. McCabe, corresponding secretary; George W. Blackman, treasurer. Managers — Geo. A.Wood, Mercur; Hugh McCabe, N. Rome; N. V. Weller, Athens; J. A. Decker, Towanda; Myron Kingsley, Standing Stone; Frank Aloore, Orwell; E. J. Ayres, Macedonia; Louis Piollet, Wysox ; J. O. Nichols, Mountain Lake. Executive Committee — R. H. Laning, president, ex-officio; Louis Piollet, Hugh McCabe, Myron Kingsley,' Geo. A. Wood. Superintendents — Frank Moore, horses ; Geo."^A. Wood, sheep and swine ; Louis Piollet, cattle ; J. O. Nichols, poultry; Hugh 388 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. McOabe, domestic and educational ; E. J. Ayres, farm and dairy; N. y. Weller, machinery and manufactures ; J. A. Decker, R. H. Laning, Myron Kingsley, entrance, exits and forage ; Myron Kingsley. super- intendent of buildino:s and grounds. CHAPTER XXIV. ALBANY TOWNSHIP. THE south line of this township rests on Sullivan county. The State line and Sullivan road pass through the township, follo^y- ing along the valley of the south branch of Towanda creek. The first settlers located on the Fowler branch of Towanda creek in 1800. They were: Ephraim Ladd and his sons, Horatio, Charles W. and John; Joseph Langford, Jonathan and Rodgers FoAvler, brothers. In 1801 Shefliield Wilcox and his sons, Freeman, Rowland and Sheffield, Jr., Edward Warren, and a man named Granger came. Ephraim Ladd cleared the first spot in the township. Horatio Ladd settled near New Albany in 1805, up to which time there had never been a wagon up the creek. Charles W. Ladd built a stone house at New Albany in 1819. The same year Horatio Ladd and Daniel Miller built. Charles W. was the first postmaster at Albany, in 1820. Joseph l.angford, after a short stay, left the settlement. Sheffield Wilcox, Sr., improved the Araazi Ileverly place in 1801. His children were : Andrew, Thomas, Louis, Freeman. Rowland, Eunice, Sheffield, Jr., Desire, Amy and Jeremiah. Capt. Brockaway owned the Connecticut title to the township. Joseph Priestly had the Pennsylvania title. There was but one house between the Fowlers' in Monroe, and Mr. Wilcox's place, wliich was Joim B. Sanders'. Mr. Granger, who came with the Ladds, settled on the top of Wilcox hill, cleared a piece of ground, went back for his family and died. His sons, Calvin and Dorus, came on, but after a year or two went back to Vermont. Daniel Miller came in 1801, and located where his son Russell after- ward lived. John B. Hinman was one of the early settlers, a son of John Hinman, of Wysox. A sawmill was built on the place where he settled. He sold to Humphrey Gofi' in 1810 ; Goff sold to Freeman Wilcox. Jonathan Frisbie came in 1803, and settled on a tract near the Eilenberger pond, building on the knoll just above the spring... William Lee came in 1810, stopping with Jonathan Frisbie until he built his own cabin. He removed to Hibbard Hill in 182;:^... Amzi Kellogg came in 1812, and builta log-house south of the Wilcox tavern ; afterward he went farther south in the township . . . Archelus Luce came and settled west of the turnpike, beyond Kendall's mills . . . Wiliiam Miller game in J81T? and improved the Stevens farm , , , John HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, 380 Forggerty came in 1819. His name was said to be William Eowlin ; he deserted from the English army and took his mother's maiden name... John Nicholas came in 1810, and settled on the hill east of New Albany, on the George Lenox farm. Nicholas was a basket- maker . . . Simeon Chaplain came in 1813, Avhen a lad sixteen years of age, and worked on the Berwick turnpike. He afterward married Mr. Nicholas' daughter, and settled on the hill east of New Albany .. . Peter Steriger came in 1824, and settled on the farm that became*^ the Russel Miller farm .. . Hugh Cavanaugh came in 1830. Previous to any of the settlements above named, the French had made several clearings, and j)ut up several cabins. These were all in ruins when the Ladds and Wilcoxes came in 1801. Henry Hibbard came in 1827, and settled at what became Hibbard- town ; cleared a large farm, and built good buildings. . . . David Sabin, Silas Moon and James Allen were early settlers. The first sawmill was built a little below Wilcox's Tavern, in 1820, by the Wilcoxes ; a sawmill is still on the same site. . . . Mr. Miller built one about the same time, where the old French mill stood. The heavy timber along the creek soon caused a number of sawmills to be built. . . . The old Berwick and Elmira turnpike road passed through this township, and was largely built through this locality by some of the settlers above named. This road was built through Alijanv town- ship in 1819-20. It was projected by those who owned large bodies of land, for the purpose of reaching" them. The State had made a grant of 287-J acres of land to aid in its construction. The company forfeited their charter in 1847, and it became a public road. . . . Louisa Alden taught the first school in 1812. New AJhmiy Village is the most important point in the township, and is a shipi)ing point on the railroad. Here are a postottice, store, church, Odd Fellows' Hall, and about twenty-five buildings. LadcUhurr/ is a station on the railroad, and has a large sawmill. Emr green is a station four miles north of New Albany. CHAPTER XXV. ARMENIA TOWNSHIP— ALBA UOKOPdH. ^'T' ATE in the afternoon, May 29, 1803, Alba became pernuuientlv J_J settled," writes Dr. Irad Wilson, son of Noah Wilson. Noa'ii Wilson came on horseback, in 1802, on an exploring expedition to where is now Alba, and the beautiful, pellucid stream that runs through the place suggested to him the name " Alba," and so it was christened. This lone horseman spent the summer at the place that had looked so enticing when he first beheld it, and he planted and raised the first orop of corn grown in th?it settlement ; he mado his clearing by 390 niSTOHY OF iniADl'OKD COUiNTY. simpl}' setting tire to a " windfall" at the base of Armenia mountain (which he also named), and after burning it over, planted his corn with a shoe hammer — the only farming implement he had. He raised about forty bushels of corn and stored it for his family next year. This corn was raised on the Watson-Freeman farm. Mr. AVilson cleared four acres and sowed it in wheat, within what is now Alba borough. During the summer he lived in his cabin, about "'the size of a common bedstead," open at the end, and covered with bark; his bed Avas hemlock boughs, and his horse blanket was all the bed-covering he had. A man named Linzey then lived on a farm that became the Allen Taylor place. In the fall Mr. Wilson returned to his old home in Vermont, and spent tlie winter there. He had purchased 3000 acres of the Susquehanna Company, the track includ- ing Alba l)()rough and the surrounding country. He sold to Elisha Luther and Kil bourn Morley each a farm, and Luther came on with him the next year. When the titles failed Mr. Wilson refunded each what they had paid him, although he never recovered from the company a cent. David Palmer became the owner of Morley's pur- chase. In 1804 Jeremiah Smith and Samuel Rockwell came to Alba in sleighs, Smith settling on the Horace Welsh farm, and Rockwell coming to the ownershi}) througli his grandson, Jacob G. Rockwell. David Pratt came in the fall of 1804, and stopped on the Nelson Reynolds place; at the same time came Levi Morse, who stopped on the Perry Elliott farm. Mr. Wilson described Troy as he found it on his way with his family to Alba in 1803. Elihu Smead had a little log cabin with about an acre cleared, and John Barber had his place, where is now the steam mill, and this was all there was of Troy. South of Troy they came to a small opening of Caleb Williams and Reuben Case — the latter was the homestead of Gen. Elihu Case — and then to the Sam Case clearing, afterward Edwin Williams's; then to Aaron Case's place, afterward Shepherd Spalding's and Dr. Reuben Rawle3''s. now William A. Thomas's. All these early set- tlers turned out and helped cut a road to Alba for the Wilson family. Irad Wilson remembers that the house was barely large enough for his mother and father to sleep in, and so he slept under the wagon, and the two men with them, by the side of the log where was a fire. The next day all hands fell to, and before night built a new house, and all slept in that royally. The one-legged bedstead was a forked stick driven into the ground, and poles laid from that to the cracks between the wall logs, and bark for a bed rope. In time a bass-wood floor was laid. The first school in Alba was taught in 1800, by Martha AYilson, sister of Irad. The first child born in the jilace was a daughter of Noah Wilson, and she became Mrs. Chester Williams. She was boi'n Jul}^ 17, 1804. During this year Patty Luther, a child, died, and soon thereafter her mother, Cynthia Luther, died, and these deaths estab- lished the Alba burying ground. The first marriage was a double one, in 1807, by Nathaniel Allen, Esq., the parties being Robert McKean and Martha Wilson, and the other was David Soaper to Polly Luther, both the brides being of Alba, and the grooms of Burlington. All IIISI'OUV OK liRADroiil) COUNTY. IV.H were married in tlie woods in sleighs, where they had driven to be sure the\^ were in L\-coniing county, in order that tlie ceremony would Ije legal. AL13A BOROUGH. Alba is an incorporated borough, the principal phice in tlie town- ship, wliich is covered by the Armenia mountains. There three of Trad Wilson's sons are living. Yolney M. and Addison live in tiie borough. There are four general stoi'es, one physician, a Disciple church and Miller 6c Bros.' large lumber business. Seeley Larned resides tiiere — the m>ted horse trainer, and lover of that faithful animal, and who has done much for the improvement of the horse in western Bradford. Though the country is quite broken in Armenia, yet there are farms reaching to the mountain toiis. CHAPTER XXVI. ASYLUM TOWNSHIP. STEPHEN DUEELL located at the mouth of the creek since named O in his honor — Durell creek — in 17S9 or 1790, and built a house and sawmill there. In the fall of 1787, Benjamin Ackla, Richard Benja- min and Amos Bennett came to what was afterward called Bennett's creek, and built some log houses. Amos Bennett came to Wyalusing as' early, probably, as 1783-84, and lived there some live or six years. He built a little tub-mill at the falls, just below the road on Bennett's creek. The ruins of a sawmill now mark the site, lie had a house on the Hats below the present residence of Wdliam Storrs. Richard Benjamin lived where II. L. Ilaight now lives. His chil- dren wei-e Jonathan, Jolin, Patty, Polly, I'eter, David, Jesse, Sally, Hetty, Betsey, and Joshua, besides two who died in infancy. Jonathan married Leah, daughter of Benjamin Ackla, and lived on the Seeley hill, and died February 1, 1847, aged seventy-seven years. The prop- erty is now owned by William Storrs. Deacon Reuben Wells and a Mr. Shaw came to the Gilbert place at an early day, and planted a piece of corn. They lived in a log house near the spring, a few rods below the residence of Richard Gilbert. Samuel Gilbert came about 1790 and lived a year or two at Kingston, and then moved to the fai'm now occupied by Richard Gilbert. Charles Ilomet emigrated fi-om France to America in January, 1793, and set- tled in Asylum in 1796. He was one of the French families who remained in Bradford, and did not return, after the restoration, to his native land. He died December 29, 1838, in the seventieth year of his age. His wife, Theresa (Schillinger), preceded him January 3, 1823, aged sixtj'-three years. Mr. Homet married, for his second wife, 392 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Cynthia Sickler, in 1827, by whom he had one daughter, the wife of E. T. Fox. Anthony Vander Poel came about 1790, to Bradford county. He was the ancestor of the large family of that name now in Bradford. His first stopping-place was Aquaga, where he remained a year or two and then came to Durell creek, and from thence moved into the French settlement and engaged in the emplo}^ of that colony. He built a small log mill on Fowler creek, and lived there four or five years, but, being despoiled of the title to his land, removed to Wyalu- sing, and after a short time moved to the hill near Moody's pond, where he died, aged ninetN^-nine years, in the spring of 1838, and was buried on Ellis hill. . Isaac Wheeler came into Asylum along with Anthony Yander Poel. . Nicholas Johnson, a brother of Isaac Wheeler's wife, came some time between 1797 and 1800, but located at first at Towanda, where he lived for several years, and then settled in Asylum. . About two years after JSTicholas Johnson came into the county his brother Richard also came, but never gained any permanent location, and, with his wife, is buried at Frenchtown. Richard Wheeler, a brother of Isaac Wheeler, also came about the time the Johnsons did, but returned to New York, and finally came back again, and died here. Ambrose Vincent, who married a sister of Mrs. Isaac Wheeler, came about 180-1-6. Henry Cornelius married another sister of ]\Irs. Wheeler, was a Revolutionary pensioner, and came into the count}^ soon after the Johnsons. He died on the moun- tain below Towanda, on a little farm he bought there. Samuel Seeley was a Revolutionary soldier. He came to the Con- necticut grant before the war. After the war he came back to look after his famil}', but could not find them. Thinking they were killed or had died, he went back to Goshen, N. Y., from whence he originally came, where he married Miss Deborah Benjamin, a sister of Richard Benjamin, and in 1802 came to Wyalusing creek, where he lived a few years, and then removed to the Ilerrick place, where he remained some seventeen or eighteen years, then to where Keizer now lives, in 1827. In 1815 he built a sawmill near Myron Frisbies', but ere it was scarcel}'^ finished Hollenback served an ejectment on him, and he abandoned the place. The Chilson family were early settlers in the town. Samuel and Albert were the heads of the family, but Albert, after two or three years, moved west. Samuel Ciiilson lived on the Ackla place, and died February, 1840, at the age of eighty -five years. Samuel Chilson (2d), Jehiel and Joel, nephews of the elder Samuel, came to the county about 1811; a brother, Asa, coming in 1809. Robert, George, Anson and William were also brothers. Robert came in 1814, and Anson soon after the War of 1812 had closed; he serving therein. Robert lived and died on the farm occupied by his son Benjamin, his death occurring about 1860. William came in 1813 ; removed to Smithtield, where he died. He lived with his brother Samuel, in Asylum, a num- ber of years. . Nathan Bailey, Harry Ellsworth, John Stringer and Joseph H. Ellis were all among the early settlers. Macedonia. — Solomon Cole was probably the earliest settler in this JilSTORY OF HRADFORD COUNTY. 393 part of the township of Asyhim, and came thereto first before the battle of Wyoming. His son, Samuel, was killed in that massacre, and he himself was also ))resent there. Molly Cole's husband was also killed at the same time. Mr. Cole owned at one time all of the land lying in the bend of the river at this point. A son, Solomon, suc- ceeded to a part of the tract in or about ITDG. Philip Fox, who mar- ried a sister of Solomon Cole (the second), was residmg in this place when his brother-in-law came. Three brothers of Solomon also came : Elisha, Abishai and John. Abishai lived on the Kellum place, John lived near Solomon, and Elisha owned the farm where Warlord resides. He subsequently removed to Towanda creek, a little below Monroeton, where Salisbury Cole now resides. Abishai and John moved out of the State. Solomon died on his farm and was buried in Macedonia. His children were: Samuel, Sally, Daniel, Benjamin, Solomon and John, who grew up to maturity. Samuel died in the town; Sail}' married a Mr. Richards and lives in Warren; Daniel owned the Bishop farms; Benjamin died in Genesee at his grandfather's. Rev. Elisha Cole, of Towanda creek, was a son of Samuel Cole. Moses Warford and Ben- jamin Coolbaugh were among the earliest settlers. Sartile Holden came from Vermont. He had pursued an abscond- ing debtor into the State of New York, and, by taking lumber and staves, had secured his debt. These he attempted to run down the river (Susquehanna), but his raft lodged on Cole's island. He then removed his lumber to the shore, near Mr. Birney's, in Standing Stone, and, being a cooper, worked up his staves into barrels. While engaged on this job he became acquainted with the countiy, bought the tract on which he afterward lived, and moved his family here in 1802. His family consisted of four sons and three daughters. Jabez Sill came into the town in 1816, with his son Jabez. He was at the battle of Wyoming, though but fourteen years old, and stood sentry at the fort during the light. He died at his son's house (with whom he had lived since 1830) in July, 1838, aged seventy-live years. Ricliard and Charles Townley were early residents of the town. They conveyed their interest in lands to M. de Noailles. A " Macedonian Cry." — The name of Macedonia was given to the Cole settlement by reason of a sermon preached by Amos Akla, in which the words " Macedonia," "Macedonian cry," " Come over and help us," etc., were used very freely. The boys took up the phrases, and called the settlement Macedonia, a cognomen which has ever since clung to that jmrt of the town. Asylum, was laid out on the Shoofelt flats nearly opposite Rnm- merfield, in Asylum township; platted about 1794, and several improvements were placed on it in 1795 ; it contained about 2,000 acres in the bend in the river ; it was intended b}^ the French refugees to found here a city, and at one time there were over fifty houses, a horse- mill, and a still ; a cemetery ground was laid out on what is now the Gordon property. Surveyer John A. Ijiles, of Ilomet's Ferry, has found among the old records a plot of the okl town. The land is all now private property and cultivated. 394 HISTOIIY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, CHAPTER XXVII. ATHENS TOWNSHIP — ATHENS, SAYRE AND SOUTH WAVERLY BOROUGHS. WHEN Ulster townsliip was formed, it was supposed its northern line was the State line ; hence, that being the most nortlierly, it was called the "Seventeenth township," the north line of which crossed the river east and west a short distance above " Mile Hill." But after the survey of the State line in 1786, it was found there Avas an interval of two or three miles between that line and the supposed north line of Ulster. Therefore, the township of Athens was surveyed the May following, and the north line of Ulster was removed to its present position, a little below where the two rivers meet, and this formed tlie "Eighteenth townsldp," or Athens. Prior to that Tioga Point was supposed to be in Ulster township, and for years letteis for this place were directed to Ulster postolfice. Col. John Jenkins surveyed the lines of the township in 178f5. His notes describe it: "Beginning on the Tioga north, running five and one-half miles south ; then east five miles; then north five and one half miles ; then on the State line five miles. On each side are converging ranges of moun- tains, and along the base of each flow the two beautiful rivers, and then mingling their waters the\^ go singing to the sea. " There is not in the wide world a valley more sweet Than this vale in whose bosom the bright waters meet." Prospect Hill and Spanish Hill present as delightful landscape views as ever greeted the eye of beholder. Athens is tli6 oldest platted village in northern Pennsylvania, that remains substantially as laid out by its founders. There were Indian and Missionary villages that were laid out in the early part of the last half of the eighteenth century, but these had a brief existence, or were so changed as to have lost all original identity. An ancient i-ecord, not all now legible, but mostly so, reads as follows: "Athens and Tioga Point, as laid out in 1786 by John Jenkins, under a grant to Prince Bryant and others, from the Conn.-Susquelianna Company, May 9, 1796; also Milltown, between said town and State line." A careful and accurate copy of the original town plat was made in 1886, by Z. F. Walker. This old town plat is historical, it is now one hundred and Ave years old, and on its margin is a complete list of the first proprietors or lot-holders, with some account of the chain of title in the earliest transfers thereof. The map is Athens township in its entirety, an exact square, and the system of water courses within its limits— the two rivers, " Great," or Susquehanna, and the "Tioga Branch" and their junction near the south line of the township; the location of " Queen Esther's village" on the west bank, just below the river junction, and on the map, is the information that the " Queen's village '' ins'i'oKY ui' |{|^M)^'()l;l) countv. ;jl).') was " burned by Col. Hartley, September 28, 1778.'' It was claimed by Prince Bryant, Elisha Satterlee and their associates, fifty others, that theirs was the original grant from the Susquehanna Company^ although there was a claim made of ;in earlier gnint of August 28, 1775, to Asahel Budd, and others, to the '^ Point " as a part of Ulster. The map shows the locati(m of Sullivan Fort— a triangle reachino- from river to river, at the narrowest point in the penins^da, on the sti'eet leading to the bridge, giving a port face to the two rivers above and below, and at the point where the rivers came nearest together and about the center of the island in the Susquehanna river. This old fort site is now near the southern extreuiity of the built portion of Athens borough. In the first division of the old town })]at, the lots are divided by a main street running nearly north and south, and fronting respectively on the two rivers, shortening and lengthening as the rivers approached or widened from each other — ^the^^ passed below the fort a short distance. They numbered, commencing in the north line and west side, "No. 1," and continued on down to " JSTo. 27," and then commencing on the south line, at " No. 28," they reached to "No, 53," when the remainder on the east side was made a buryingground; ground for a public scpiare ran from I'iver to river, and lay between lots 14 and 15 on the west side, and the corresponding ground between 40 and 41 on the east side was given for an academy, and known as "Academy Square." The following were the original village proprietors: John Franklin, John Jenkins. Elisha Satterlee, Prince Allen, William Slocuin, Elisha Matliewson, Christopher Hurlburt, William Jenkins, John Swift, Reuben Cook, Abram Nesbit, Nathaniel Cook, Benjamin Allen, Ti'a Stephens, Waterman Baldwin, John Hurlburt, Oliver Bige- low, William Jack ways, Elijah Harding, William Jones, Nathan Cawrey, Uriah Stephens, Thomas McClure, Benjamin Gardner, Abra- ham Miller, Asahel Buck's heirs, Phineas Ste])hens. Mathias Hollen- back, Joiuithan Burwell, Nathan Dennison, Joel Thomas, John O'Neal, Thomas Handy, Mason F. Alden, Solomon Bennett. Eldad Kellogg, Gideon Church, Benjamin Smith, Ethan Allen, Ebenezer Slocmn, Thomas I]ald win, John Hagerman, Ishmael Bennett, Duane O. Patrick, liichard Halsted, and William Hyde. Lot No. 45 was James Irvin's" hotel, built in 1791, and in 1818 con- veyed to J. F. Sattei'Iee. On lot 40 was the famous old Red Tavern built in 1795— owned by John Franklin in 1786; he sold to Elisha Mathewson ; Stephen Hopkins built a residence on lot No. .'58 in 1790 ; David Paine on lot ^ o. 87 in 1794 ; Enos Paine on lot No. ;30; on lot No. 35 was Samuel Hepburn, merchant, his tavern built in 1784, and the same year was the store of David Alexander on lot No. 34; he had also a distillery ; George A. Perkins lived also on lot No. 34, just north of the fort ; John Reddington sold lot No. 32 to Austin Forbes in 1817. On the west side, and facing Tioga river, Elisha Mathewson owned lot No. 1, and George Welles had his distdlerv on lot No. 2, and his homestead includedlots Nos. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9; Clement Inline buiit his new house and store in 1802 on lots Nos. 10, 11 and 12 ; Edward Ilerrick lived on lot No. 13 ; John Miller built a house and store on lot No. 14, in 1812 (Stephens lived and died in this place). The public square 396 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. was deeded to Athens' trustees, July 21, 1812. Mathias Hollenback had his hewed log house and store, and' his wharf and store built in 1780, on lot No. 15; this was torn down in 18-19, and was eventually built on by A. Budd ; Justin Forbes occupied lot No. 18, and L. S. Ellsworth was on lot No. 19. As early as 1784, Samuel Hepburn built his store and tavern on lot No. 19 f Noah Murray lived on lot No. 22, a part of the old fort ground, and Abner Murray was on lot No. 23, also a part of the fort ground. A. Decker occupied lot No. 27, the south lot on the west side in the original plat of the village. A street or road at this south line ran from river to river, and in 1801 John Saltmarsh built on the south side of this roadway ; then came the house of Hon. Horace Wil- liston, built in 1819; then Obadiah Spalding's residence; next was Brazilla Cook's and then Joseph Hopkin's residences, latter built in 1811, and the last house on the west side was that of Jeremiah Decker. From Obadiah Spalding's, south for some distance on the west side, the land belonged to Eichard Canton. These lots, from No. 1 to No. 53, were the first division ; then was added on the south the second divis- ion, still divided only by a roadway or street in the center and contin- uing down to the junction of the rivers. These were numbered second division, and commenced on the north line and west side "' No. 1," and reach to No. 45, as the last north lot on the east side, opposite the starting point. They were simpl}?^ irregular " out lots " or acre prop- erty. Lots No. 1 and No. 2 were Richartl Canton's. Henry Welles' resi- dence was on lot No. 30. The old ferry road to the Susquehanna river ferry was nearly east of Jeremiah Decker's. Two circular lines in the point below the regular town are written : "Indian town of the Sus- quehannock and Iroquois, which was burned by Col. Thomas Hart- ley." This line runs with the Tioga river and circles near the point of junction. The other line bends the opposite way, and reads: "Land set off to George Welles in the partition of Canton and Welles, Septem- ber 1, 1802 — 350 acres. From these indications it is to be inferred that originally all the land south of Jenkins belonged to Welles and Canton. Aprd 13, 1789, Solomon Bennett deeded to Andreas Budd Nos. 6 and 40 in the second division. The land north of the old tow-n plat, and between the two rivers, which is now the main center of the borough of Athens, was laid off in irregular lines, and sold by the Susquehanna Company, by numbers. These were still divided by a roadway in the center, equi-distant and running with the rivers. The first lots north of the old village plat was intended for the " minister's " residence ; then came Elisha Sat- terlee's purchase, made in 1768, on the east side, and John O'Neal, Shephard and Joseph Tylerson, on the west side ; then following up the west side or Tioga river front came Francis Tyler, Dan and Hugh McDuffie, Samuel McDuffie, Joseph and Charles McDuffie ; returning to the south, and going up the east side we came to Julius Tozers, and then to Guy Tozer's; next was Samuel Queenshire and A. H. Spald- ing; then Cornelius Quick. The next improvement was that of Jon- athan Harris, who came in 1789, and built here in 1791, Then going to the northeast corner of the old Athens township, and east of the Susquehanna river, the grants commence at Number 1, John Jenkins; HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 39''/ JSTos. 2 and 3, John Franklin ; Nos. 4 and 5, William Slocuni ; No. (i, Richard llalsted ; 'No. 7, Abram Kesbitt; No. 9, Benjamin Allen Nos. 10 and 11, Elisha Satterlee ; No. 12, Elisha Mathewson ; No. 18, Eldad Kellogg; No. 1-t, Waterman Baldwin; No. 15, McKinstry ; No. 16, John Franklin ; and No. 18, Waterman Baldwin. Commencing at the south of the township and west of the Tioga and Susquehanna down to Queen Esther's, the tracts or grants are again numbered, commencing at No. 1, purchased by Theodore Loomis ; the Indian village was on the west eml of this tract ; No. 2, Erastus Loomis; No. 3, Peter Garrington — he sold to John Griffin; No. 4, Daniel Satterlee, sold in 1788 to Ben Green ; No. 5, sold by Dan Sat- terlee in 1788 to Henry Green; No. 6, John P. Green and Thomas Lane; No. 7, Ludwig Green; No. 8, Isaac Morley, Sr., in 1800 trans- ferred to G. H. Morley ; No. 9, Alvin Morley ; No. 10, Isaac Morley ; No. 11, Joseph Spalding, in 1791 sold to John Spalding ; Nos. 12 and f3, Abner Murray, sold in 1791 to E. A. Murray; No. 14, Stephen IIo[)- kins, sold to Chauncey N. Shipman ; No. 15', Elisha Satterlee sold to Alanson I). Whitmarsh. The next five tracts were those of John Abram, Jacob and Henry Snell. On lot No. 18, Jacob Snell's son was born, Abram Snell, July 5, 1785, the first white child born here. Then there was an unoccupied strip, and then came the tracts of Daniel and Hugh McDuffie and Col. Tozer, who made his improvement in 1795. The next was No. 21, William Scott, and on the east end of his lot, on the Tioga river bank, was the ancient Turtleloe village. The place had been wiped out com()letely by Col. Hartley, and Mr. Scott built just west, a few feet from wliere it had stood { No. 20, Samuel Shoe- maker; No. 19, Albert and J. M. Tozer. Matldas HoUenback, of Wilkes-Barre, was one of the earliest to establish himself in business at this place ; he was a brave defender of the Yankee claimants, but submitted to the decree of Trenton. He was one of the heroic Revolutionary soldiers ; a stocky Dutchman, and a vigorous, strong man m body and mind. At the close of the war he was Indian supply agent in treaties with those people, and was stationed at Newtown. His clerk was John Shepard, father of Mrs. George A. Perkins, author of '' Early Times on The Susquehanna.'' Soon after the Avar he built his store in Athens, 1780, but had really located here in 1783. He first occupied a small house of Mr. Alexander, near where Samuel He])burn afterward had a store, near the old fort. He built his new store in 1786, on the corner of the public square, a two-story, of hewed logs, and in time it wasclapboarded — house and store together. This was a noted first building in Athens. His clerk, when the new store was opened, was Daniel McDowell. So important was " Hollenback's Store " that often letters sent to men in this section of the State were thus addressed — this was for some time the only name Athens had. Hollenback's was a truly historical house ; he dug the first well, and planted tlie first apple trees at Tioga Point, some of which trees are still living ; he built a warehouse on the bank of the Chemung river that accommodated, many years, the merchants ; when a boat arrived bringing new goods the horn was blown to announce the fact. Hollenback's house and store was torn down in 3U8 IILSTOKY Ul-' BltADFOIil) (X)UNTV. 1849. In 1793, when the revolution in France was raging, CoL Hollen- back was employed, by the Governor of Pennsylvania, to procure a place of retreat for the royal famih^ of France, at some secluded spot on the Susquehanna, and he purchased Asylum township, Bradford county, to which place came the French colony, a few of whose de- scendants are yet with us. The royal family never came — for the good reason they had lost their heads. The contention over these lands is given in full in another chapter, and it is only necessary here to give the chain of title fi'om Pennsyl- vania in order to preserve historical accuracy. In 17S6 Andrew Elliott, on the part of Pennsylvania, and James Clinton and Simeon Dewitt, on the part of the State of New York, were appointed commissioners to ascertain, run out and mark the boundary line between the two States. This duty was performed m 1786-87 by running a line due west from a small island in the Delaware river to Lake Erie, a distance of 259 miles, 88 perches. In 1784 the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania bought a large tract of land of the Indians at Fort Stanwix. The land office was opened for the sale of these lands, May 1, 1785. Under the law, applications filed within ten days should have priority of location. "No. 1" was drawn from the Avheel, and the name of the applicant was Josiah Lockhart. This gave him the first choice. He applied for 1038 acres, and made his selection on the point of land between the Tioga and Susquehanna rivers — or Tioga Point (now Athens . His land commenced at the point and extended a little above " Mile Hill," from river to river. The Indian name for the "Point" was Ta-ga-o- gah, meaning " at the forks." This land cost Mr. Lockhart about twenty -six cents per acre. In the early part of the century Mr. Lock- hart sold to Charles Carroll, of Carrollion, one of the notable signers of the Declaration, as well as one of the last survivorsof these immortals ; he was ninty -five years old when he died. From Carroll these lands fell to Eichard Caton, his son-in-law, and from him to "Welles. He made easy and generous settlement with the most of the Connecticut claimants in their " paying twice for their lands." A notable mark of these lands was the heavj^ growth of yellow pine that covered the ground. This timber was all killed off by the worm that attacked i in 1796, and the tall dead trees towered as ohastly sentinels many years. The other purchasei's at the same time as Lockhart were l*ficholas Kiester, Arthur Erwin, Joseph Erwin, Timothy Pickering, Samuel Hodgson, Duncan Ingraham and Tench Cox. Erwin sold to Duffie, and Pickering to John Shepard. It was under the company of the Susquehanna that the village was platted and the lots laid off. The upper end of the okl original village plat is indicated by the grave- yard. There was no cross street in the place until you reached this point, and only one roadway north and south, equi-distant from the two rivers. Prince Bryant owned 600 acres, and on his land built a grist and saw mill, and in 1788 sold to Nathaniel Shaw. Paine island was named for Clement Paine. Guy Maxwell came in 1778, and in company with Samuel Hepburn sold goods in HoUenback's store building. Jonathan Harris, grand- HISTORY OF UliAhl'OKI) f'OL'NTV. IJOO father of N. C. Harris, came in 1789, and located on lot No. o7, now the Leggett farm in Sayre boi"ovig'li; his brother, Alpheus Harris, came in 1780, and purchased of S. Swift; he was ejected in 1810 by J. L. Kean. Col. Julius Tozer came in 1794, and first settled at Tozer's Cove. Daniel McDuffie settled on lot No. 33 in 1788. Noah Murray came in 1791 and located west of the Chemung river. At the mouth of Satterlee creek J. V. Nathan Cantlin settled. Noah ]\[urray in 1791 settled on lot 13. Capt. Joseph Spalding came in 1791, and made his im]>rovement on lot 12, he was succeeded by his son, Jolm Spalding. Ja.mes Irvine came in 1794. and built the once noted '' Pike Tavern " on lot 43; this was burned in 1875; during its time was kept lirst by Irvine, in 1798 by George Welles, in 1809 by David Paine; the last named, with his brother Clement, came to the place in 1794 and settled on lot 37 and built the "new store" and dwelling in ]8(»2. Daniel Elwell came in 1798 and built on lot 18. Nehemiah Northrop came in 1795; his widowed mother, at the age of ninety years, walked six miles, to Squire Gore's, Shesliequin, for the purpose of being married to Mr. Howard, and returned the same day on foot. The nuirried life of this couple lasted sixteen years, and the old lady died at the age of one hundred and six. The Northrops came in 1830. The old " Ked Tavern," mentioned previously, was put up in 1795, the first thing of the kind from Elmira to AVilkes-Barre. Tiie noted Tioga Indian treaty was held on the banks of the Sus- quehanna river, JSovember 23, 1790, on the ground now back of the Episcopal church. This was a red-letter day in the village. Indians in great numbers were here, and their big and little chiefs and heads of tribes were all liere, and their followers came in swarms — all rigged out in barbaric splendor, paints, feathers, red l)lankets, etc. The township, as surveyed in 1777, and re-adjusted in 1786, contained twenty-five square miles; was located and laid out by John Franklin and John Jenkins at the request of Prince Bryant, Elisha Satterlee and their associates. The two rivers, Susquehanna and Tioga (in New York, the Chemung), meet within the confines of the township, and these streams divide the township into nearly three equal parts. It has more broad fertile valleys in it than has any other township in the county. The present township includes the grant to Satterlee, Franklin and others, and a strip about three-fourths of a mile wnde on the north, which was made by carrying the north line to the State line, and also "the gore" which was added on the west side and taken from Durkee township, and a point, taken off the south line and given to Sheshequin, extending up the river nearly to the junction; this change in the south line was a matter of convenience in working the road run- ning along the east side of the river. Tills fertile spot attracted the earliest attention of the whites. In 1768 Penn purchased the land lying east of the river, of the Indians, and as early as 1773 Charles Stewart surveyed this purchase, and that year there were three warrants laid in Athens by Jacob Wetmore, John Stover and David Trisler; these embraced all the level land 400 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. east of the Susquehanna. These titles subsequently passed to Joseph Wharton, of Philadelphia, and finally this became the source from which title was derived by the settlers. Tlie land west of the Susque- hanna was purchased of the Indians, in 1784, at Ft. Stanwix. The first purchase here was by Josiah Lockhart, of Lancaster, whose first choice took the land on the point lying between the rivers; this is the source of title to most of the land within the borough of Athens. AYhen platted, the lands within the point were laid off into smalltown lots in the lower portion, ten acre lots above, and on both sides of the rivers, east and west of the point, were one hundred acre lots. The smoke of the guns of the Ilevolution had hardly passed away when the first settler, after the war, came here — Benjamin Patterson — and located east of the Susquehanna river, in 1783. He was from Stratford, Conn., where he was born January 15, 1752, and the sup- ])osition is he was in Sullivan's expedition, and while soldiering selected iiis future home ; he sold to Robert Mcllhoe, and kept moving west until he reached Missouri ; he died in New Madrid, in 1840. Thomas Maclure came here in 1786, and two years after he was licensed to keep a tavern, and whether he really kept a tavern or not (for nearly every cabin in the land would entertain the weary trav- eler), yet he renewed, it seems, his tavern license in 1789, but soon after left the place and went to New York. Col. John Franklin built in 1786 on lot 40, just south of the public square and near the bank of the Susquehanna. He was carried a pris- oner the next year to Philadelphia, and therefore could not make his home here until 1789. The Satterlees, who figure prominently in the early history, were the children of Benedict Satterlee, who was killed during the Revo- lution in the Wyoming country, leaving a widow and six chiklren, of whom Elizabeth (Mrs. Major Elisha Mathewson) was aged thirteen at the time of the Wyoming battle; the other children were Elisha, EHas, l^enedict, Nathaniel and Samuel ; the mother fleeing witii her children from the valley, after the massacre, perished in the wildei'ness of exposure and fatigue — ^no aid, with her infants, no protection from the elements, and scarcity of food — no words could add to this brief state- ment, to this sad tale of suffering and woe. Elisha, the elder brother, had to assume charge of the younger cliildren ; he married C3^nthia Stephens, sister of Capt. Ira Stephens. John F. Satterlee, a son from this marriage, and for years a prominent citizen of the county, died February 11, 1856. He was twice married, first to Julia Prentice (daughter of Amos Prentice), who died December 12, 1823, aged thirty- seven ; and his second marriage was with EHzabeth, who died Decem- ber 5, 1871, aged seventy-seven. Benedict Satterlee taught school in Athens, in 1791, in the log house on "school lot" in the original vil- lage plat ; he married Wealthia, daughter of Capt. Joseph Spalding, and died at Mount Morris, N. Y., January 8, 1813. Ehas Satterlee commenced in Athens as a shoemaker, and is so mentioned in the assessment of 1796; he afterward studied medicine, removed to Elmira, and practiced witli great success; was killed by the accidental fliscjjiirge of a gun November U, 1815 , Samuel and KatJianiel settled HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 401 at Smithliekl. Natlianiers son, Samuel, was colonel in the War of 1812, and a member of the Pennsylvania Legislature. Elisha Mathewson, who married the only daughter, was the son of Winciiester Mathew- son, who was born in Rhode Island in 1774, and exchanged valuable property in that State for ''Connecticut rights,'' on the Susquehanna, and came to Wyoming, w^here he died, in 1778, leaving sons, Elisha, Constant and Nero, all of whom were in the Revolutionary War. Nero Avas killed at Wyoming; Constant was killed at the battle of Mud Fort, near Phi]adel))liia; Elisha served through the war in Capt. Spalding's company ; discharged in 1783, after Seven years' honoral)le service. He was one of the original proprietors of Athens, and made his per- manent home here in 1788; was elected major in the militia soon after his arrival, and was one of the overseers of the poor of Tioga town- ship. On arrival he moved into Col. Franklin's log house, on lot 40 ; in 1795 he built the old "Red Tavern," and kept it until his death, April 11, 1805. His children were Constant, born in 1792; Elias S., born June 16, 1796 ; Cynthia (Mrs. Hammond) ; Fanny (Mrs. White) ; Clarissa (Mrs. John Duffie), and Lydia (Mrs. Means). The widow of Major Mathewson (Satterlee) was one of the last survivors of the Wyoming massacre; died December 14, 1851. ' Ira Stephens was another grand old Revolutionary soldier ; a native of Connecticut, born July 24, 1760; son of Jedediah Stephens, who married Sybil Ransom, a tiaughter of Capt. Samuel Ransom, who was born in Connecticut February 1, 1764. He was also a soldier in Capt. Spalding's company. Col. Julius Tozer and Jonathan Harris were brothers-in-law. Tozer was born in Colchester, June 16, 1764, and accompanied his family to the Wyoming valley. After the battle they returned to Connecticut, where Julius, though quite young, enlisted in the Colonial army. After the war he married Hannah Conklin, daughter of Ananias Conklin, and came to Athens, from Luzerne county, in 1794. He was colonel of a regiment of militia of this State; during the War of 1812 he raised a company, of which he was captain, and served during the war; his two sons, Samuel and Guy, were in his company. His chil- dren were: Hannah, born October 4, 1788; Alice, March 5,1789; Elizabeth R., August 28, 1791 ; Samuel, August 1, 1792 ; Julius, March 7, 1794; Lucy, Januarv 25, 1796; Dorothy, January 28, 1798; Guy, March 7. 1799; Albert, May 30, 1801 ; Susan, March 1, 1803; Joel Murray, August 11, 1805; Mary Ann, January 21, 1807, and Cynthia, May 1, 1809. Col. Julius Tozer died December 7, 1852; his wife died March 5, 1832. His sons, Albert, Murray and Guy, lived long and honorable lives in the vicinity where they were born. Guy was elected sheriff in 1837; his wife was Wealthy Kinnev, and they were married October 4, 1827. Sheriff Tozer died September 20, 1877; his wife, August 18, 1868. Chil Proceedings and Titles. — The town was laid out, as said, under warrants of Connecticut, and in 1786 Pennsylvania had sold these lands to speculators, not one of whom was a settler, and hence the conflict of titles. This contention went on until March 19, 1810, when the General Assembly of Pennsylvania passed an act for adjusting the title to the lands in Ulster cind Bedford townships, 402 HISTORY OF BRADFOKIJ COUNTY. Luzerne countv, and this included Athens. This act gave the settlers prior rights, if in actual possession, and they could perfect title by the legal price of "seated hinds'' prior to the act. Under this act the lots were in time paid for and })atented to the claimants. The pro- prietors set apart certain lots for public use — the public square in the middle of the village, and also a little over twenty-one acres, known as the " Public Plat," in the modern borough ; these were duly patented to John Franklin, Eiisha Satterlee and John Shepard. trustees of Athens township — the stewardship of whicii trust is to this day maintained, and the trustee's record book is quite a connected history of the acts and doings of the people; however, it should be stated that their record book from 1TS6 to 1815 is lost. The trustees, Franklin, Satterlee and Shepard, called a meeting of the people, April 15, 1815. The meeting" voted to employ a sur- veyor to survey the public lands into town lots and offer the same for sale. Five acres of the land were to be reserved from sale at that time; conditions of sale to be ten dollars in hand, and balance on ten years' time. The meeting elected John Franklin, Edw^ard Jlerrick and David Paine, new^ trustees. The proceeds of the sale were to be paid the Commonwealth in payment for the Athen's lands under the settlement; the interest on sales to be appropriated to the Athens academy fund for its support. Maj. Zephon Flower, who was the survevor, laid off 30 lots, and these wxre sold as follows: Lots 5 and to 'Obadiah Spalding, JSlOO ; 9 and 10, Daniel Park. $100 ; 12 and 19, George Ilallock, $100 ; 2 and 24, Nehemiah Northrop, $146 ; 23, John Redington, S57 ; 14 and 15, Isaac S. Board man; $155; 1,2, 29 and 30, Michael R. Sharp, $219; 13 and IT, James Hoxton and E. Shaw, $100 ; 16, James Parks, $130 ; 3 and 4, David Briggs, $100 ; 8, Uriah Wilson, $50. On June 18, 1829, the trustees reported as due $1,498.24. This day a public meeting of the taxables of Athens township was con- vened — to consider the subject of the sale of the public lands by the trustees on the public square, wdiich had been made to Guy Tozer. The people voted to rescind the sale — 58 votes against and 28 for. On July 25, 1829, a public meeting on the same subject convened at the store of D. A. Saltmarsh — Steplien Ilojikins, chairman, and William Robb, clerk. On August 29, following, trustees Franklin, Shepard and Thomas Wilcox called another meeting to consider matters relating to the public lots in said village. At this meeting it was unanimously resolved: "We wholly and totally disapprove of the pretended sale by the trustees of the township of the public common in the center of the village of Athens; that the said commons having been surveyed as such, more than forty years ago, and so ajipropriated fi-om tiiat time.'' A resolution was passed removing ti'ustees John Franklin. John Shepard and Thomas Wilcox, and Henry Welles, Horace Williston and Francis Tyler wei'ea]i])ointed, by the meeting, trustees of the town- ship. Some evidence of the acrimony of feeling engendered in the dispo- sition of the subject is to be found in the resignation of David Paine, ^ G^,.^oc^<.yi.^^ niSTOIlV Ol' I'.KADI'ORI) nOl^NTY. 405 trustee. He tenders his resl<^nation and adds: " I l)e^ to recommend the trust to the fostering care of the mob, wlio sanctioned the recent riotous proceedings in wantonly destroying the fences and culling away the trees around the pubhc scjuare.'' On January 13, 1836, the qualified citizens held an election of Athens townslii}) and borough, at the house of Jason K. Wriglit, and elected Francis Tyler, Nathan Clapp and L. S. Ellsworth, trustees. June 23, 183(), on settlement it was found there was due on sales $2,333.82. July 9, 1836, at a meeting, it was resolved to divide it into eight lots and offer the same for sale, " the lot now in the occupancy of N. Flower; also the two reserved lots at the north side of tiie public l)lat, to be staked out as soon as the present crop is off.'' June 27, 1837, at the annual meeting of the qualified citizens of the township, Thomas Wilcox, Julius Tozer, Jr., and Clark McCall were acting judges of election ; J. F. Satterlee, clerk, Charles Comstock, elected trustee. July 10, 1837, a public meeting assembled for the purpose of effecting a division between the township and borough of the respective interests in the lot sales. A committee of five was appointed — three from the township and two from the borough — to make the settlement. Members of this committee : On part of town- ship — John Watkins, Robert Spalding and J. F. Satterlee; on part of borough — L. S. Ellsworth and George A. Perkins. The committee reported to an adjourned meeting Saturday, xVugust 26. Thcv preface this report by saying they hail obtained the opinion of Hon. Judge Williston, and proceed as follows: "The patent from the Common- wealth vested the title to the land in Messi-s. Franklin, Sliepard and Satterlee as trustees for the township of Athens. No provision by law was made for the disposition of this land until the act of March 27, 1827." This law, they say, authorized the trustees to sell and convey. But no provision was made by law for the election of trustees to sup- ply vacancies, and the act was so defective that in 1835 an amending act was passed ; this act authorized the trustees to sell, except the pub- lic square. Under the law, and the action of the people in 1815, it is supposed there is really nothing to-day to prevent the trustees from selling the public reserved lots and square. The committee reported tliat, '' first, the funds now in the hands of the trustees of sai/v> tern ; David Paine was then appointed postmaster, in 1808, and served until 1824, when he resigned and D. A. Saltmarsh was appointed ; in 1827, Ebenezer Backus; 1831, Lemuel Ellsworth; 1840, John Judson; 1841, O. D. Satterlee; 1844, C. S. Park ; 1845, C. II. Herrick; 1848, N. C. Harris; 1853, W. Olmstead ; 1856, C. H. Herrick; 1861, William Fritcher; 1864, S. B. Hoyt. Cayuta Mill. — " The old stone mill " is the outcome of the first mill in Bradford county, built in the other century by John Sliepard, and was the beginning and gave the name of Milltown, now in the borough of Sayre. Its present owners are F. J. Philips and Levi Curtis. The old frame mill stands near the " stone mill," and lately was a plaster mill. The present mill is water-power, on Cayuta creek, has a capacity of about 1,700 bushels daily. The present firm has operated it the ))ast twenty-two years. They purchased of Simon Morley and Iloi-ace Shipman. The Shingle and Planing Mill of Campbell Bros, is in North Athens. Cayuta Axle Company. — President and general manager, H, B. IILSTOKY OK lUiADFOlU) COUNTY. 407 Stirapson; secretaiy and treasui'er, B. F. Taylor; have thirty employees. Company incorporated in 1882. MVItoimi was laid out by John Jenkins in 1786, also "under a grant from the Susquehanna company to Prince Bryant and tlfty others." It lies " between said town (Athens) and the State line." These tracts were settled under tiie Pennsylvania title, as follows: Lot 1, Theodore Morgan, August 21, 1824:'; Lot 2, Reuben Hatch, September 2, 1824; Lot 3, Peuben Muzzy, August 21, 1824; No. 4, Silas C. Perry, March 16, 1825; No. 5, John Shepard, September 2, 1824; No. 6, school-house, same date; No. 8, Clement Paine, same date; No. 9, Reuben Muzzy, September 30, 1826; No. 10, Samuel Chapman, same date ; No. 11, Judson Griswold, same; No. 12, John Shepard, same; No, 13, James Elmstead, March 15, 1826; Ho. 14, Moses W, Wheelock, same; No. 15, George Haddock, October 20, 1829; No. 19, M. Shepherd's homestead; No. 20. W. B. Swain, May 20,1825; No. 21, Samuel Warner, March 16, 1825; No. 22, Solomon Fuitts, September T, 1825 ; No. 23, Adam Crause, 1816; No. 24 AVanton Rice, April 27, 1815 ; No. 25, William W. Rice, June 15, 1815 ; No. 26, Jere Adams, June 26, 1819; No. 27, Joseph Crocker, April 24, 1816; No. 28, Francis Snackenberger; No. 29, Daniel Elwell, April 23, 1816; No. 30, Ozias Spring; No. 31, Theodore Wilcox, 1800; No. 32, Dr. Ozias Spring; No. 33, school lot ; No. 34, Ozias Spring; No. 35, burying ground ; No. 36, Benj. Jacobs. March 31, 1816; No. 38, L. Hopkins; No. 39, L. Strait; No. 40, Henry Welles. June 4, 1817, Then came Muzzv's, Griswold'sand El well's lots, 1826 ; Dennis Fuller's, 1828; M. B. Wheelock's, 1827, and Samuel Wheelock's. These lay along Mill creek on each side. Prince Bryant had built a mill on the creek on the east side, and this important improvement was the nucleus of Milltown. He sold to John Shepard and Nathaniel Shaw in January, 1788. Lot 1 was an island, just below the old mill. Tract No. 36 was sold by John Jenkins to John Shepard in June, 1790, and he sold to Benjamin Jacobs, March 21, 1816. The tract adjoining west of the last-named was sold by John Harris to Simon Spalding, September 13, 1828, and No. 38, just south of this, was owned by Charles D. Hopkins. The tract abutting this and fronting on the Tioga river originally belonged to Sybil Stephens, who sold to Elias Mathewson. The tract of John Harris, just north of this, was origin- ally S. Swift's, who came and occupied it in 1786 ; he was ejected by the Pennsylvania authorities in 1810, and it came into the possession of Alpheus Harris, June 19, 1811, and north of this to the State line was purchased by Samuel Harris, July 4, 1815. In this tract is Span- ish Hill. Across the river opposite Spanish Hill, is the John H.Avery tract; he sold to Edward Herrick, April 26, 1826; adjoining this on the south was Levi Spalding's ; he sold to Francis Tyler, A]>ril 26, 1826. The next going south belonged to Daniel and Hugh McDuffie, who sold to Eben Dunham. Passing to the north-east corner of the township is the xYdam Crause tract. No. 23, purchased in 1816 ; No. 22 is west of this, by Solomon Evits, September 7, 1825; Nos. 21 and 20 adjoin this on the south-west; the former owned bv Samuel Warner in 1826, and the latter by William B. Swain, May 28,' 1823; No. 19, John 408 HISTORY OF BHADFOKI) COUNTY. Shepard's, who moved into his new house on tliis tract in 1817. Just north of Prince Bryant's mill were the houses of William Rice and Dr. Amos Prentice, and Prentice's tanneiy. As alread}^ stated, Prince Bryant sold his mill to Shepard and Shaw in January, 1788. This John Shepard came to this country a clerk for HoUenback. He was a nephew of Capt. Simon Spalding, and came with him to the new^ country soon after the w^ar, when eighteen years old, first stopping in Sheshequin. After much experience in trading with the Indians, he purchased Bryant's mill — a saw and grist mill and two dwelling houses, purchased under the Connecticut title ; the land embraced both sides of Cayuta creek, or Shepard's or Mill creek, and included about all that eventually became Milltowm — 600 acres. The gristmill was the only one within a range of fifty miles. John Sliepard mar- ried Anna, daughter of Judge Gore of Sheshequin, and made his per- manent settlement on his Milltown property. He bought of John Jenkins three huntlred and forty acres opposite his mills, across the creek. He w^as a large land buyer, and at one time owaied all the land on which is AVaverly. The first interment in the Milltown cemetery was a youth of eighteen, Chester, a son of Josiah Pierce, who had been thrown from his horse and dragged to death. In December, 1798, Shepard's gristmill burned, and with difficulty the sawmill was saved. The whole population turned out and helped rebuild it; in the meantime the people had to go to Wilkes-Barre, one hundred miles, to mill. About the beginning of this century ISfr. Shepard had a grist- mill, sawmill, fulling-mill, oilmill and a distillery, and was one of the leading business men of northern Pennsylvania. An entry in his diary in 1804 says : " Began to build my large house in Milltown, and made preparations to build my new mill near the river." Under date of September 7, 1805, he says : " The wife of my youth w\as taken from me by death, by a fall from a carriage." Tlie preceding February 7, his first-born son. Prentice, died, and August following his uncle and next-door neighbor, Dr. Amos Prentice, died. In 1809 Mr. Shepard sold his old mill to Samuel Naglee, of Philadelphia. That year he sent to Stonington, Conn., for his sister, Mrs. Grant, and two daugh- ters, to come and keep house for him. These daughters became Mrs. Stephens and Mrs. How^ard. In 1809 Mr. Shepard received the first commission from Gov. Simon Snyder, as justice. The Wolf Invasion.— Isiv. Shepard's diary, 1814, says: ''This year there w^as heavy snow and a hard winter. The wolves were driven down from the mountains in search of food, and many sheep were devoured bv them. They could be heard howling at all times of the night; the "inhabitants were much in fear of them and were afraid to pass from Milltown to Athens, even in the day time. There was no traveling after dark, so great was tiie fear and danger. The sheep were often called into the door-yard and lights, w^ere kept burning for their protection. Bears and panthers were sometimes seen between the rivers." ATHENS HOROUGII. Athens Borough was incorporated March 27, 1831, and David Paine was elected first burgess. It was still but little more than the hum- Ilisrnuv ol' i:ir\ l»l'(>Kl> coL'N'lY. 409 blest hamlet, but its people had ambitious ideas for both their country and their '' Tioga'' town. When men lirst sent letters here by private hand they directed them to Tioga Point, and even its circle of juris- diction extended far into New York. After a time letters for this place were directed to Ulster, and this went on some years, and then some classical turned mind insisted on Athens as the baptismal name for the young "future great."' These liigh-sounding classical names for back stations and places, possessed of more ambition than i)opula- tion or wealth, often remmd one of a family, who knew something of Bonaparte and named their favorite first-born " Napoleon Bonaparte," and when he was nearly grown and was attending the cabin school, he was only known as " Boney," he was so thin and meager, and during all his school-life he never mastered the alphabet, so it was supposed he had taken his name among the other children from his mental and physical conditions, and in that view there was great fitness in the boy and name. The original boundary lines included all the land between the rivers from the north line of the Public Land, now Ferry and Paine streets, and tiie north line of what was the late Henry Welles's, now J. O. Ward farm. The limits were first extended southerly, taking in the Welles or Ward farm between the rivers; it was extended afterward northerly, including all the land between the rivers as far north as the north line of old Ulster, know^n now as the south line of the Guy M. Tozer homestead, and the late E. C. Herrick's farm. The third exten- sion took in all the land north of the south line of J. F. Ovenshire's farm, and from the Suscpiehanna river west to the east line aforesaid of Herrick's farm. The record book of the borough of 1S62 opens with the following: At the burning of Patrick's tirst brick block, June 10, 1862, all boro records and papers tliat were tlien iti the office of J. B. ileeve and io his care, were lost; or in plain fwtK, burned up. In 1866 a copy of boro cliarter was received from Harrisburg through the hands of H. W. Patrick, Esq. May 14, 1874, it was decreed by the court of Quarter Sessions of Bradford county, that the borough of Athens be subject to the restrictions and possess the power and privileges conferred upon boroughs by the act of April 3, 1851, and that the provisions of the charters be amended so far as they are in conflict with said act. The name and style shall be " The Burgess and Council of the Borough of Athens." The burgesses that can now be recalled by the oldest inhabitant or rather the best memoiy, which it is conceded is that of Attoi'ue}' H, C. Baird, were : Aaron Tibbits, Richard Durbin, Geo, A. Perkins, Mr. Conklin, H. C. Baird (1848), Geo. Merrill, C. H. Herrick and E. H. Perkins [?]. The records from June. 1862, are complete and full, and the offi- cials in their order were as follows: i56.^— Burgess, E. White; council: C. Comstock, .J. B. Reeve, J. A. Bristol, H. W. Patrick, C. C. Brooks. ISf'iS — Burgess, George Merrill; council: Charles Comstock, C. O. Huntington, J. B. Reeve, John Drake, C. Hunsicker. ISGi — Burgess, James A. Bristol; council: J. L. Drake, J. L. Corbin, H. W. Rockwell, H. Williston. Ed. White. i.s'6'5— Burgess, S. W. Blood; council: II. Williston, C. W. Clapp, L. McMillan John Drake, D. F. Park. i5C6'— Burgess, S. N. Blood; council: A. H. Spalding, C. W. Clapp, J. D. Hill, G. H. Welles, G. M. Angler. 41(1 IIJSTOKY OF BRADFORD C'OUXIY. iw; — Burgess, John Salcmarsh; council: William Hancock, E. S. Kerrick, George Merrill, A. O. Snell, William Durrant. ISGS — Burgess, E. Herrick; council: H. Williston, Squire Northrup, Jolin P. Blood, George Merrill, George H. Voorhis. 1869 — Burgess, E. Herrick; council: A. A. Kinner, M. Foley, A. O. Snell, James Bristol, J. S. Middaugh. 1870 — Burgess, C. Hunsicker; council: William Hancock, H. C. Smith, T. P. McEvoy, William Kiff, Edwin Drake. 1S71 — Burgess, C. Hunsicker; council: William Hancock, H. C. Smith, C. T. Hull, William Kiff, Edwin Drake. i.V7i^— Burgess, F. II. Pike; council: G. M. Angier, Charles Kellogg, E. N. Mer- rill, J. W. Comstock, Joseph M. Ely, Jr., Michael Foley. A97o— Burgess, Charles T. Hull; council: Charles Kellogg, D.. F. Park, J. B. Reeve, Artemus Weller, Thomas McEvoy, Isaac Gregory. 1874- — Burgess, A. A. Prince; council: John Carroll, E. D. Peck, F. T. Page, George H. Mead, George Jordan, F. B. Welch. i<*?75— Burgess, D. F. Park; council: F. A. Allen, J. M. Pike, George H. Mead, J. S. Middaugb, F. T. Page, H. C. Smith. ;6'7«— Burgess, Edward Herrick; council: J. M. Pike, E. G. Fitch, I. N. Evans, F. T. Page, G. F. Sawyer, J. M. Ely, Jr. 1S77 — Burgess, J. Leroy Corbin; council: J. M. Ely, C. S. Maurice, I. N. Evans, George Pendleton, Fred. B. Welch, Ed. H. Perkins. ii'7ennett; Second Ward, school director, H. L. Towner; Third Ward, school director, John Sim- mons. Judge of elections, First Ward, E. Mills ; inspectors, W. K. Park and Jesse Barber; constable. First Ward, A. C. McCaslin. Sec- ond Ward, judge of election, George Pendleton ; inspectors, J. T. Corbin, E. AY. Campion ; constable, Charles Fitzgerald. Third Ward, judge of election, John McNamara ; inspectors, W. H. French, A. Kirkpatrick ; constable, A. Groat. At the June meeting, 1876, on motion of J. M. Ely, it was unani HISTORY OK BIIADI'OHD (.'OLrNTY. 41 1 mously resolved tliat the borough would subscribe $1,000, jirovlded the citizens would subscribe $500, and would ])a3'^ $900 of tliis amount to the Chemung Bridge Company in full for their bridge, and make the same a free bridge. Tiie people were clamorous for free bridges. In the early spring of 1890 an electric company sent an agent to the borough to arrange for electric lighting. His propositions were accepted and all conditions fulfilled; but he "disappeared," as the minutes put it, and now the good people are waiting for " next." They will not have to wait long. In connection with Sayre, an active movement is on foot to build electric street railways to pass from Athens to South Waverly, and by the early part of 1892, it is confidently expected, this improvement will be in full operation. Fire Department. — A record of nearly fifty years is that of the Athens Fire Department. Like all or most of the efficient institutions of men, it had its early small beginning, and its time of trial and days of cloud, but has struggled, lived and now, at all events, flourishes. About the first fire in Athens, whether it was the one that suggested organizing a fire company or not, was that of an incen- diary Indian, who playfully entered a habitation, kindled a fire in the hall, and stood over it until the building was in fiames, the family looking on in silent fear. When these noble red fire-bugs were driven out of the country, there was more of a show for insurance and fire companies. It is said by some elderly Athenians that they can remember when Dana Park and Squire II. C. Baird constituted the borough or village fire department — Dana with his ladder and Baird with his bucket, and to see them race at the first alarm tap was a sight indeed! The Athens Gazette has transmitted a striking woodcut, taken by an instantaneous camera, of this original company going to a fire. Dana is in the lead with his ladder under one arm and an ax on the other shoulder, and Bairtl is carrying his bucket as though it was full of milk and he had on his Sunday clothes — stately, sure and determined, with a " git there " expression on each face — "if it takes all summer ! " The first fire company originated with the Junction Iron Wo)'ks in 1855. This important manuifactory was operated by C. W. Shipman and Col. C. F. Welles; the plant stood on the ground now occupied by Fitch & Kinney's store and John Merritt's house; their chief products were steam engines and fine machinery in iron, steel and brass; at the time this was the most important factory in the county. In the fall of 1855, Mr. Shipman purchased at a fair at Elmira a small fire engine he found there on exhibition, and brought it home with him; his entire idea was to have something to protect his iron works. The remains of this little old first engine in the county are to be seen yet at the rooms of Protection Company No. 1. There is a claim made by the Naiads, of Towanda, that they purchased their engine a little before this one arrived in Athens. AYhen Mr. Shipman arrived with his pur- chase, immediate steps were taken to form a compan\^ The first idea was to form one exclusively of the employes of the iron works. Alfred B. Couch was elected foreman in the machine shops; Daniel Bradbury, 412 Hl.STORY OF HKAJ)FUK]) COUNTY. assistant foreman; Lucien McMillan, clerk, and George E. Lambert, treasurer. A committee on constitution and by-laws was appointed, who reported October ;^0, and it was resolved to restrict membership to the iron works employes. In 185(5 a new rule was adopted, allow- ing others outside of the works to become members. Uniforms were procured, and the "laddies" would meet and take the ''pet" out for a little exercise. A cistern was built in the rear of the machine shop, and now the exercises consisted in manning the brakes and forcing the water through the two hundred feet of rubber hose to the top of the works. When the boys had all in turn blistered their hands, a resolution was passed that the men in Wheeler & Overton's tm shop be allowed to join them, and the same privilege was extended to the men in Stevens' wagon-shop. They were now busy recruiting men; in November the ranics were full, and it was declared a public institu- tion for the equcll protection of all, and the engine and liose were given over by Mr. Shipman to the company for the use of the borough. A. P. Stev^ens presented a hose jumper, a hose company was selected and the affair was now a complete borough fire company; the next move was the first fireman's ball — a great event. Time went on, and, fortu- nately, the winter passed with no alarm bell to call out the boys. May 28, 1856, the first regular business meeting of the new organization took place, and the following officers were elected: Daniel P. Merriam, chief; Emmott Harder, foreman; Mark Bramhall, assistant; L. S. Keeler, treasurer; C. T. Hull, secretary, and L. A.Lewis, James Nolan, Edward Welch, J. T. Johnson, W. B."'Hosford, T. M. Harder, W. W. Wilkinson and Hubert Corner, suction hosemen. The boys said they selected Daniel P. Merriam because he was the heaviest man in the crowd, weighing three hundred and upward, and was an Old-School Presbyterian, who always stood up at prayers. As this was really the first organization, it was in order to give it a name, and the one selected was the " Protection Engine Company No. 1," and the boys resolved to parade on the coming Fourth of July in full uniform. A blue silk banner was secured, and the ladies embroidered on it in blazing letters : " Protection Engine Company, Athens, Pa. — Always ready," and a gala day it was in Athens " when the band began to pla3^" Ike Snell carried the proud banner, and no prouder man ever went marching down the street. The Company, in their new uniforms, marched over the bridge, led by Jabez Stone's martial band, to where is now the SmuU tannery, where they received their visitors, the Towanda companies, which came up on the canal packet boat "Gazelle" that had braved the perils of the raging canal. AVhen the " Franklins'' and " Naiads" had been thus received, all joined in procession, and marched back to the " Exchange Hotel," and at 10 A. M. the procession formed ; the town was gaily decorated and from every house and every window fluttered welcoming fiags to those brave and scarred fire-fighters in their resplendent uniforms. The parade over, they marched to the foot of Ferry street, to test the engines. The Junction Iron Works were moved from Athens in August, 1856, and this caused Merriam and Harder to resign, and C. T. Hull llixroi;^ oi i;i; A rn'oKI) coiN'l'S. 4I;) was made foreman, antl Noble Ruggles, assistant ; A. II. Spalding', ciiief, and J. II. Wilson, secretary. At the annual election, January 3, 1857, the following were chosen: James H. Wilson, foreman; T. ll. Davis, Jr., assistant; C. T. Hull, secretarv; A. II. Spalding, chief engineer, and L. W. Burchard, assist- ant. After the closing of the Junction Iron Works, the Company found quarters at ,1. il. AVilson s, and their place of practicing was the tall chimnev of Gillett's brewery, which was destroyed by fire. Dissensions arose in the Company, and interest began to Mag. On xVugust 3, 1857, a resolution to disband was passed. At the same time a recjuest was made to C. T. Hull to call a public meeting to organize a new company ; a meeting was held, and an informal emergency company was enrolled, but a general demoralization on the subject prevailed. To this time the principal fires in Athens were: J. 13. Brockway's house in 184:7, which stood where is now J. L. Ellsbree's residence; adjoining and burned was Hiram Merrithew's small shoe-maker's sho}), in which Merrithew hustled out in such a hurry that he lost his wooden leg. In 1851 the row of wooden business houses that stood where is nowtheohl brick block, down town, were burned. In this fire passed awav the old "'Eagle Hotel'' building; Billy Wilson's store, William Mier's cabinet shop, and Grant SnelTs new frame store, not finished; the Methodist church, '' Barrack Row" — tenement houses— and the Episcopal church building. This fire swept away all the business houses on Main street, churches, and Barrack Row, clear to the river on Chemung street, a great calamity to the town. In 1856 the "Exchange Hoter' barns, sheds, and Dr. William Kiff's house were burned. It was one of the hottest days in July. This was onlv a few days after the great parade of "Protection" Companv, and the engine was worked mightily, and soon pumped the cistern dry, so a bucket brigade leading to the river was put in force. Soon after this Patrick's old brick block was burned. It was rebuilt in its present form. Then the Page store and John Drake's residence went up in flames. Drake's resilience was one of the old Clement Paine buildings, and stood where is now the Salvation Army barracks. In the order following were the fires that destroyed Dorsey's liverv stable: Pike's hotel and the wooden row of buildings on the east side of Main street; Edwin White's tin shop, which stood near where is R. N. Lowe's residence, and with it went the Presby- terian church ; then F. R. Lyon's cabinet shop and the second brick Presbvterian church building. The Junction Iron Works buildings were burned in 1872. unoccu- pied at the time. In the vicinity where is now the heavy part of the business on Main street were " hot grounds." The Hemlock row was burned, but other buildings took its place, and they too were burned. In the meantime the continued indifference to having a live fire companv finally paved the way to its rehabilitation. Periodical attempts, at' all events renewed efforts after every fire, had been made 414 HISTORY OF BRADFORD (JOUNTY. to this end, and 1877 witnessed the hour and the men when the Athenians should once more become active fire-fighters. A meeting was held at Mitchell Bros/ store, and at this meeting appeared Joseph M. Ely, who was fresh from an extended experience with the noted Excelsior Hose Company Xo. 14, of New York, and he and C. T. Hull took the matter in hand. The old hand engine and cart were pur- chased that had fallen into the hands of Blood & Co., a committee was appointed, and six months after the council provided laws and regulations that resulted in the ]iresent Fire Department. A lot was j)urchased on Bridge street at the request of all the leading citizens. A company of eighty members, composed of the best citizens, was soon organized, and Protection Company, No. 1, was revived, and the name changed to Protection Hose and Engine Company No. 1, and at all these preliminary meetings J. M. Ely was secretary and one of the moving spirits. June 7, 1878, an election was held and the following officers chosen : Joseph M. Ely, chief engineer; Charles T. Hull, first assistant chief; David F. Park, second assistant chief. At the special meeting, June 8, 1878, the following general officers were elected : T. D. Wofcot, president ; M. R. Heath, vice-president, M. W. Nevins, secretary ; George T. Ercanbrack, financial secretary ; F. T. Page, treasurer ; George A. Kinney and Joseph Hines, trustees ; E. G. Fitch, member of fire board; Charles Morse, foreman ; John Carroll, assistant foreman ; H. Carpenter and Ard Crous, pipeman. A new and elaborate uniform was prescribed. "With their new com- pany and new uniform they were ready for invitations, and went to Waverly in September, accompanied 'by the Athens Cornet Band. New hose, 200 feet, had been secured by a public subscription, and the next year the borough purchased a leather hose. The first build- ing was provided as follows : Mr. Ely knowmg the borough could do nothing/found a man who could furnish the lumber and wait three years for his pay ; it was purchased and tlie members volunteered to do the work, several put in as much as two month's steady work on it. It was put up in the fall of 1878. The ladies gave a festival, and raised funds to complete and furnish the building. For 1879 Ely, Hull and Park were re-elected. During tliis y em- there had been three fires, and this made it plain that a fire alarm was needed. Seventy dollars were subscribed, mostly by the company, a bell purchased, a'nd the present tower-house and belfry put up and the bell swung. After tills thorough re-organization, the principal fires, in addition to those given above, were : October 15, 1879, F. II. Lyon's cabinet fac- tory, and John Carroll's residence and the Presbyterian church— losses $12,300; May 19, 1880, Novelty Furniture Works, fire room ; May 2G, following, frame dwelling foot "of Chestnut street ; December 27, 1881, John Merritt's livery stable, Mrs. Stone's dwelling and Dr. Towner's barn ; May 27, 1882, the old toll-house and Chemung bridge ; March 10, 1883, Mrs. Murray's new frame dwelling, loss $3,000; May 13, 1883, Seth Ellsbree's" three-story building. Main street, loss $5,200; October 26, 1883, Estabrook's three-story double brick, conrer Elm and Main streets, loss $10,500 ; November 4! 1883, barns in rear of Patl IIISTOUY Ol' r.KA l»l-(»i;l) COUNTY. 4\n P\ictorv ; J une, ISS4, Novelty Furnitui'i; Wofks, Ualpli Tozer's co;il office and sheds, Dana McAfee's oi-ain l)arn and contents, Dady's wagon storage, and tlie Furniture AVorks' lumber yard — loss $120,300, insurance, $45,000; December 27, 1884, two and a half story double store building on Main street, belonging to N. C. Harris and occu))ie(l bv Pike cV: Lowe ; November 28, 1885, contents cellar under Pad Fac- tory ; July 3, 1886, W. Garner's dwelling, pai-tial loss ; July 18, 1880, kitchen of D. II. Park's dwelling; December 18, 1880, the frame hammer shop of Pridge Works. February 4, 1801, tiie old " Exchange Hotel" burned. This was a notable old building, once the very heart and center of the village, but now in lower town, and the business has passed away from its locality. It had stood for sixty years, and was at one time a noted stage stand on the great southwest thoroughfare through the county. It sheltered in its (Fav most of the notable men of Pennsylvania or Xew York — Buchanan, Fremont, Van l>uren, Greeley, Wilniot, Clraw, "Dick" Johnson (Tecumseh's slayer) and a host of others— a land mark, truly, in northern Pennsylvania. For fifteen years or more it was "too far down town," and when it was built it was thought " it is too far up town." It burned at the dead of night, and to some the greatest loss was the destruction of the old tavern rounded sign that swung so long before the front door. Ely, Hull and Spalding ccmtinued by re-elections in their respective offices without change until 1885, when Hull and P]ly changed places. The Fire Department and G. A. K. hall are now the same, and Athens can boast of a most efficient lot of fire-fighters. Keturning a little to the story of the founding and growth of the town, which may now be said to be one hundred and five years old, we refer to the description of the ])lace, the oldest one now known, made in 1795 by Duke de la Rochefoucauld. He describes it as eight or ten rough cabins, one of them a tavern " crowded with travelers going to settle near the lakes "—the year before, so great was this travel, that three of the cabins called themselves taverns. He described the merchants trading with Indians mostly, but dealing in hemp which was ol)tained from the valleys above. The Duke was not pleased with his accommodations; had to sleej) in the "loft" that was entered by an outside ladder; his bed or pallet was as rude as possible, and " not clean ;" he slept, therefore, with his boots on, and the food, according to his notes, was not any better than the other accommodations. Choice business locations at the beginning of the centurv were rated in the market nearly as high as the average lots on Broadway, New York. In 1802 George Welles had become the possessor of'Lockhart's ]>urchase, and he emjiloyed a surveyor to resurvey the place, which he called " Lockhartsbui-g," but the people would not so have it, and the old names and streets prevailed. Welles was the fairest minded of men; his name deserves the brightest future in the history of the county. When he purchased Lockhart's title to the point, he came on and located in the place. For fourteen years previously the Connecticut people were settled here, and supposed they owned the land by a good Connecticut title ; 416 11I8TUKY Oh- BRA])K()H1) COUNTY. they had bought and sold without let or hindrance. Mr. Welles' first act on arriving was to purchase James Irvine's tavern, and claim that was on Welles' land, paying- him $6,000 ; and he moved into the tavern and continued it as a publie. On the lower part of the point were Isaac Cash, Ira Stephens, Nehemiah JSTorthrup, David Faine, Henry Decker, Jonathan Harris, Nathan Bull and Mr. Beebe. These were all in peaceable possession, and had made houses and fences, and were cultivating their fields. Mr. Welles bought these all out, and paid in the aggregate about $3,000. Elisha Mathewson had purchased lots on the Welles or Lockhart tract, and Mr. Welles offered to buy his interests, but Mathewson refused to sell on any terms, and, as his lots were scattered about promiscuously, affairs soon became vexing. Mr. Mathewson died in 1805, and Gen. Henry Welles succeeded to the ownership of his father's interests in the Lockhart lands. He tried in vain to purchase the Mathewson interests, and finally commenced suit in the Federal Court. Mrs. Mathewson had given a deed to Welles, but she claimed it was as a compromise, and she was to have a clear and fee simple deed to her house and lot. Under this deed the sheriff put Welles in possession. In 1809 Gen. Henry Welles was elected to the Legislature, and he secured the passage of what was known as the Bedford and Ulster Act, by which these townships were allowed the benefits of the provisions of the Compromise of 1799. Mrs. Mathewson commenced suit for her entire land and lots. Her claim was against Satterlee, from whom her husband had obtained title. These were deemed the most important cases in connection with the history of the "Seventeen Townships." The cases were twice carried to the supreme court ; finalh^, before the House of Representatives, at Harrisburg, asking for special legislation. Constant Mathewson, son of Elisha, had, in 1827, been elected to the Legislature, and finally secured the appointment of a commission to examine the question and appraise the land, and in the end Mrs. Mathewson was paid by the State $10,000. Thus happily ended the long land controversy, involving about 127 acres on the point; land questions that had disturbed social and political life throughout this portion of the State for nearly half a century. In 1842 Athens was described as a very pleasant and promising- village, and, as a business place, one of the most important in northern Pennsylvania. "It is on the isthmus which extends across the point of junction between tiie Tioga and Susquehanna rivers, and about two miles above the junction ;" and, with this brief notice of the place, the visitor proceeds to say : "Above and below the town the land widens out into meadows of surprising fertility. The long main street of the village runs lengthwise of the isthmus, and is adorned by delightful residences and shade trees and shrubbery. There is an academy here, a substantial bridge over each of the rivers ; that over the Susquehanna has been recently built ; that over the Tioga was built in 1820. Pop- ulation, 435." The marked eras in the place were the first mails carried on foot from Wilkes-Barre to this place; then the weekly coach mails, the canal, and, finally, the railroad. The small stores of Ilollenback, David Alexander and Hepburn HISTORY OF lUiADFOKI) ('OrNTV. 417 had in a way met tlie trading wants of tlie peoi)le, but wiien Mr. Welles came he brought the first real store, for that da}^ a large ven- ture indeed, containing no less than ^11,000 worth of goods, and he and his partner, Canton, occupied the building nearly opposite tlie ''Irvine Hotel." After the store was abandoned the building w^as made a dwelling bv Judge llerrick, in 1813. From the time of its lirst discovery, thoughtful men regarded Athens as in manv respects a favored ])()int, and believed in its destiny, especially as a great future manufacturing and shipping point. It had long been the Indian's "door" between the north and the south, and the^white man could also see that it was " the center," and he dreamed of a time when it would reach out its long arms of commerce that would be backetl l)y great factories, supplying a needy world. They built for home supply the first saw and grist mills — the enterprise of such men as Prince i3ryant and John Shepard, and Shepard's old stone mill stands to-day on Cayuta creek, near where he first built one of the finest mills in the country, with all the latest improvements, with a magnificent water power; and viewing this mill and ground, on the beautiful stream and the romantic spot, one can almost fancy that the shades of the men who came here one hundred years ago and selected this place might yet be seen flitting about these leafy bowers. As an evidence of the supreme importance to the people the mill of John Shepard was, it may be mentioned that it was burned in 1Y98, and the people voluntarily met and by volunteer labor mostly rebuilt it in six weeks, and over this there was joy in every cabin for many miles about. Shades of the great departed ! The writer was an eye-wit- ness to the burning of the old " Exchange" tavern, mentioned above. It was one of the never-to-be-forgotten resorts of northern Pennsyl- vania, built in 1830 by William Briggs, who kept it several years, and about 1840 was succeeded by S. & G. Park, who had it enlarged and finished, the third story and veranda being added; then kept by Olm- stead & Burchard, Hon. G. W. Kinney, Jacob Ercanbrack, Sloan Jor- dan. A. J. Noble and J. S. Patterson, and when burned, by Mr. Phelps. In the old stage-coach days this was a famous "stand." Fat barns, stage horses, and those great whips — "Old Sam Wellers" all of them, and the old Concord coaches, were in the r(fyiil court yard — the long whips of the drivers and the stage horses' " ra-ra-ra-ta-ta-ta-tat ! " were the signals for the jaded horses to prance and pretend to plunge, and the peojile to rush to the front to see the great arrival — the school children, and many of theii- grandparents, gave open-mouthed, daily attendance on these events. The g-re-a-t man of the long, slim whip and horse is gone — faded away as though drowned Iw the roar and scream of the locomotive whistle, and the old "Exchange" was his fitting memorial, with its older sign that swung in front with its highly colored " Coach and Four" rampant. " Mine Host" inside, usually in his shirt sleeves and big, loose carpet slippers, the very impersonation of fat larder and the yet fatter feather beds and snow-white linen in rows in the great one room above the entrance floor. His heartv, cheery, welcome to the newly-arrived guests, and the delicate oft'er of a little "suthin'" to clear the weary traveler's throat— a sweet activity that was probably 418 HISTOKY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. just six days less than a week from the distillery near by — was freely handed out from the dark corner, and every drop seemed to say and sing, "o'er all the ills of life victorious!'' On the early morning — 2 o'clock — of February -i, 1891, this good old land-mark passed awa}' in smoke and flame to the horrid midnight melody of the fire-bells. And the next morning the aged Athenians lingered about the smol- dering ruins, and many an honest regret escaped their lips — more over the loss of the old sign than of the ijuilding. Early in the "fifties," C. F. Welles and Chauncey Shipman built the Iron Works — foundry and iron machinery of all kinds, especialh^ engines. It was situated on the block west of Fitch vfe King's store. After some time it was chancred to the " Aofricultural Works ,'' and was operated by Blood & Co. In time it ceased as iron works, and fell into the hands of Charles Clapp who converted it into a shingle factory, and successfully operated it some time, but it was eventually burned as mentioned above. D. Alexander built the first distillery on lot 34, now the property of Mr. Maurice. But the ideas of a distillery then and one now arc so wide apart as to have hardly the shadow of a semblance. They first made whisky of rye and then of corn — but a still in the way of a factory then was not of much more significance than the housewife's spring soap-making, usually in a borrowed kettle — it is said the whisky was mostly made to be polite to the preacher in his weekly visits, a kind of sacramental obsei'vance, as well as in lieu of his cash salary. The average man of that day was fai" more religious than he is now, but he had less prejudices on some subjects. The first school in the village was in the house of David Alexander, taught by a man named Thompson. The first school-house was built on the old Cross street, near the distillery. It was a general pub- lic house for church services, ]mblic meetings and school. William Miller and Daniel Moore, in the latter part of the other century, started the first ferry at Athens. It is said that the first liouse built in what is now Athens was in 17S3, by Andreas Budd, on lot 34. In 1814, Michael R. Thorp improved his property, and in time sold to Judge Herrick. At the time this was the finest improvement in the county. Among the earliest practicing physicians was Dr. Amos Prentiss who opened shop in 1797, near old Milltown ; he built a room for a druo- store and kept it as such several years. He taught the first school in the first school-house built near Milltown burying ground ; the succeeding teachers were Amos Franklin and then Daniel Satterlee. Francis Sneckenberger, with an Irish wife, camein 1799, and located on lot 28. Thomas Wilcox, in 1800, and located near the State line and sixtieth milestone. The old Simon Spalding place is now the possession of Minier, Morley, Griffin, Lane and Green. Joshua R. Giddings was born on Queen Esther's field, now (ireorge Page's farm. In the year 1800 Stephen Tuttle came and opened a small store in Ilollenback's block-house. George Welles, in 1799, built on tiie west side of Main street on lots 8 and 9. Elisha Satterlee owned a twenty-acre tract or lot. The price he paid for it was a French crown piece and a bandanna handkerchief. HISTORY ()!■ I!KA DI'OKl) COINTY. 419 The Hi'st fulling mill was built in 1808 by John SliepanI and Josiaii Oi'ockei'. This was a great inipi'ovenient for the good ol' the people who came here to mill or to the woolen mill for many miles through the trackless woods, and at first on foot because there were no paths even a horse could follow. One man, toward the southwest corner of the county, went to mill at Athens on foot, was lost three days and nearly })crishe(l. A j)ostofIice was established in 18<>3at Athens, and William I^ren- tiss was the first postmaster. The pi-esent incumbent is E. W. Davis, with ,1. Jlenry Price, assistant, and Miss N. A. Doran, money clei-k. ,Iosei)h Buonaparte came down the river, and it is said was a guest at llejiburn's first log taven kept in the place. Stephen C. Foster, who will live in memory while the sweet and simple songs of "Old Dog Tray,'' " Suwanee River." "jMelly Bly " and others of his carols will ever continue to be sung by lovers of simple melody, was a school- boy in Athens, attending the old academy, lie, when a lad, would ])lay his flute and compose music, and while here he wrote the "Tioga March." His brother was one of the su[)erintendents in the construc- tion of the canal. First National Bank. — This was organized and opened its doors to the public for the transaction of business in 1865. Capital St^lO0,000. First officers were : H. W. Patrick, president, and E. A. Spalding, cashier. Mr. Spalding continued in the office until his deatli in 1807, when the present officers, N. C. Harris, president, and C. T. Hull, cashier, took charge. Mr. Hull was elected treasurer of Bradford county in 1890, and in assuming his official duties he was succeeded in the bank by his assistant cashier, F. X. Harris. The men in control have, from the first, given unlimited public confidence in the institu- tion, and its business and credit, at home and abroad, arq A 1. Its recent statement shows : Capital $100,000 ; surplus $50,000 ; deposits $175,000; discounts $240,000; undivided profits $5,000. Union Bridge Company. — In the way of a small beginning these impoi-tant works, among the most important now in northern Penn- sylvania, came into existence in 1869, under the direction of Charles Kellogg. Was a small affair at first, and three men could easily do all the work, but it was a gi-owing plant. Mr. Kellogg continued his operations until 1872, when C. S. Maurice l)ecame a partner, and a strong company (unlimited) was formed, including these two gentle- men, L. C. Clark and the members of the present compan3% who are as follows : C. S. Maurice, C. McDonald, George S. '^Field and Edmund Haynes. The increased company was formed March 4, 1884, continued three years, and expired March 4, 1887, when Kellogg and (Mark sold to the present comj)any. All the realty of the works belong to Maurice and Macdonald, as well as all the old machinery ; but the Union Bridge Company own all that has been added as new machinery, etc. A portion of the plant is on leased ground. While among the largest works of the kind, it is alwavs j)rosperous — occupying about fourteen acres, and employing about five hundred hands, avei-aging the year round 475 employes. The monthly pav-role is over $17,000 in the Athens shops alone, and not including their great works in build- 420 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ing or constructing- at distant points, the material for which is the out- put of the Athens shops, which averages yearly about ] 5,000 tons. Their construction of great iron works extends nearly ail over the civil- ized world. Among others of their building we note the Kentucky and Indiana bridge at Louisville, the great Eads bridge, St. Louis, the Ilawkesbury river bridge, NeAv South Wales, the Poughkeepsie bridge, the Illinois Central Haiiroad bridge, Cairo, 111., the Merchants' bridge, St. Louis, the Winona bridge, across the Mississippi at Winona, and are now constructing a bridge across the Mississippi at Memphis, Tenn.; this last work alone requiring over 7,000 tons of steel and iron. i^chooU in Athens are in a most prosperous condition. A new high school building is now occupied, and under the care of Prof. Lin- coln E. Itowle_y ; the public schools of the place are widely known and considered among the best in the State. The corps of instructors is as follows : Lincoln E. Kowley, principal ; William II. Kindt, vice- principal ; Marietta Gregg, preceptress. Graimnar Department. — Sarah F. Clark, eighth grade; Honor A. Sheridan, seventh grade. Intermediate Department. — Cora L. Finch, sixth grade ; Augusta M. Park, fifth grade. Primary Department. — Sarah M. Tabor, fourth grade ; Carrie B. Lynch, third grade ; Ida B. Fuller, second grade ; Ilattie G. Shepard, first grade. Willow Street Building. — Aronette B. Spear, supervisor, third and fourth grades ; Kalista S. Bitting, first and second grades. The Athens Academical Society was the first important educational movement in the county of Bradford. February 11, 1797, a public meeting was called and articles signed looking to the erection of a house of learning, and subscribers to the stock thereof were secured, as follows : Xoah Murraj^, Chester Bingham, Joseph Spalding, Levi Thayer, David Alexander, John Shepard, David Paine, Joseph Hitch- cock, Elisha Mathewson, Ira Stephens, Elisha Satterlee, Samuel Camp- bell, John Spalding, of Ulster; Nathan Bull, Clement Paine, Julius Tozer, Jonathan Harris. Joseph Furlane, Daniel Satterlee, Simon Spalding, of Ulster; Thomas Overton, John Jenkins, of Exeter; George Welles, John Franklin, Wanton Rice and Stephen Hopkins. The little old yellowed book containing these original signatures is a valuable and precious relic. It was recently gathered from the old waste papers that were to feed the flames, b3"'Jose])h Hines, of Athens. Here is the sign-manual of nearly every one of the men who were the leading spirits of the times that tried men's souls, in this land of great events before any of us now living were born. These great men in the midst of the transcendent events in which they lived, thought of us, and for us were laying the foundations for a splendid civilization. Let us not ])rove to be degenerate sons of noble sires. Thursday, March 2, 1797, the stock subscribers had another meet- ing, and their first act was the adoption of the name "The Athens Academical Society," and resolved to establish "a seminary of learn- ing," at Tioga Point (or Athens), and also to petition the Legislature for an act of incorporation, and to ask the Susquehanna Company for a, grant of land for the same, and as soon as the buildings were up to secure a person of " literary abilities and exemplary character to be /t- 1 lypfiy^^^^ /< HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 423 principal instructor." Joseph Hitchcock was appointed buihlinf!^ in- spector, and Chester Bingiiani, David Paine, Noah AIurra3% John Slic])- ard, Ira Stevens, David Alexander and John Spalding were appointed a committee to select a location for the building. Of this meeting Noah Murray was president, and Clement Paine, secretary. At a future meeting the committee reported that the lot of land adjoining lot JSTo. 26 had l)een selected. This was on the '•])ublic lot." The building was inclosed but not completed in 1805, it seems, and the recoids show that in 1808 a motion was made to advertise the building for sale ; but at a meeting at E. and D. Paine's store, July 1, 1808, this order was rescinded, and it was resolved to repair the building. Clement Paine advanced |f^ 140 to repair the building, and the trustees acknowledged that as a lien on the same. June 21, 1811, the proprietors of the Academy transfori-ed to the Freemasons' Lodge No. TO, all their right and title "to the upper room," for which they were to pay $80 in five annual payments. February 27, 1813, Hon. Henry Welles, member of the Legislature from this county, secured the passage of an act to incorporate the "Athens Academy," with nine trustees : Clement Paine, George Welles, John Franklin, Julius Tozer, Stephen Hopkins, David Paine, John Saltmarsh, John Shepard and Abner Murray, and a fund of $2,000 was donated by the State, the interest thereon lo go to the Academy ; the Academ}' to school four poor children, two years each, gratis. After many preliminaries in searching for a teacher, April 25, 1811:, Sylvanus Guernsey, of Philadelphia, opened the Academy — salary $500 a year — the price of instruction was fixed at $2.50 per quarter, each pupil ■ to furnish his share of fuel. It took all kinds of cutting and twisting to pay the "preceptor" his year's salary. The next year, 1815, it seems from the records there was a new "preceptor," Mr. Tal- madge. This significant entry appears: "Reading, $2.00; writing, $2.50; arithmetic, $3.00; English grammar, $4,00; higher branches, mathematics, languages, etc., $6.00." The building was now ordered "lathed and plaistered." Mr. Brush was recommended to take charge of the school the next quarter. After a few days' trial he quit. Mr. Wellington, a graduate of Dart- mouth, took charge of the school in the fall of 1816. Robert McKee was teaching the common school in the building. Miss Chubbuck was "preceptress." February, 1820, it Avas resolved to invest the $2,000 Academy fund in the Toll-bridge (/ompany (a bridge over Tioga river). In 1822 Mr. Z. Butler was invited and accepted the ])osition of preceptor of the Academy. The next year James Williamson became principal. April 19, 1824, David Paine resigned all ofticial connection with the Academy ; he had served ten years as secretary without pay. In March, 1839, C. A. Baldwin was chosen principal at a salar}?^ of $600 per year, and Miss Pierce as assistant teacher. In 1843 J. G. Merchant retired from the position of principal. F. B. Hendricks was employed to teach in 1844, at a salary of $450. At a, meeting of the trustees in May, 1853, the position of principal was offered to Jonas French, and the teacher in the lower room was Miss Mary Parry. Mr. 38 424 HISTOKY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. French continued in charge until 1856, when John S. Hopkins was employed. For the school year 1859-60 Theron K. Bixby was employed as principal. In 1862 Miss C. S. Eglin and Sarah W. Perkins were teachers. Miss Eglin died that year, and the school was closed June 4. J. M. Ely was employed to finish the term ; he was dismissed from the school April 21, 1865. The next year there was a move to reinstate Mr. Ely, which called out a vigorous remonstrance from many leading citizens. It seems Ely determined he would not be dismissed, and took and kept forcible possession of the school. The trustees commenced suit against him as trespasser. An amended act was passed in 1866, providing for nine trustees. In 1867 Mr. Loutrel was principal, and unpleasant rumors concerning him were spread abroad, whereupon the trustees appointed Messrs. Thurston, Elsbree and Herrick a committee " to investigate the conduct and moral char- acter of Mr. Loutrel, both in and out of school." At the next meeting the committee reported and the teacher resigned. In January, 1868, there was no principal, and Miss Mary Merrill was allowed to teach a three months' school. Col. Mullock was employed as principal, and Mrs. S. J. Gibson was allowed to teach a select school in the building. The minutes of the trustees at this meeting, March 1, 1872, recite as follows: " Talked over the matter of a graded school, and requested Mr. Reeves to look up some laws in regard to it." March 18, 1873, it was voted to " give the use of the Academy to the school directors until the winter term." April 14, following, it was resolved to transfer the Academy and all its interests, funds, etc., to the school directors of Athens borough, for the purpose of making the same into a graded school, and to have and hold the same as long as used for school pur- poses. And this was the end of the " Athens Academical Society," the alma mater of many of the most prominent men and women of Tioga Point. It served its day and purpose, and there are now many of its once pupils scattered over the' face of the earth that will turn to this chapter of Athens history, and linger along its pages of blessed memories to them. The old Academy, great is the pity, was burned to the ground in 1842, and the little old building that was so long a public-school build- ing, but now stands empty, was erected in 1843. Bright, ambitious bo^vs, and blooming and beautiful girls of fifty— of nearly a hundred- years ago, have measured themselves with a selfish world and passed awav forever— a hundred years, pitiless in its changes for them, so hopeful for the youth of to-day, and the same ceaseless grind of fate awaits us all— the most hopeful and despair-ing alike— "death levels all." Athens Found n/ and Machine *S'/ioy>.— This was established in the early " forties " by Chauncey Shipman, M. Thompson and John Kucher ; was' situated on 'Main street, where is now Fitch & Kinney's store. K.n account of the burning of the ohl building is given previously. It was rebuilt by Blood & Co., who made it an agricultural implement factory, and was opened as such in 1878. This firm ran it about fif- teen years and failed. The present foundry and machine shop is the successor of the original, was built on Harris street, back of the Pres- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 425 bj'terian church, in 1890, by the pro})rietors, Shipman & Thompson. It is quite an extensive and prosperous concern ; output about $15,000 annuall3% and consists of foundry and machine shop, pattern room, engine and boiler room, vvitli thirt}^ horse-power engine, average of ten employes. The concern had a large woodwork department, which was burned in February, 1890, and now works iron exclusivelv ; has four lathes, tw'o j)laners and three drills. Sheridan's Iron Worls. — Built by Jiobei't E. Sheridan in 1890, on Elmira street near the railroad track ; biiikling 24x70, with ten horse- power engine, a No. 5 Sturdevant handling power, di-ill. and all modern improvements; a well-fitted jobbing foundry. Athens Farniture Company. — E. G. Fitch &, Co., the "C(j." being F. K. Harris. This is a fine plant, and one of the prosperous indus- tries of the county. Its construction was commenced in 1884 — orig- inally two large two-story bricli buildings, to which was added on the north an ''L'' in 1887. The main building is 56x125, and the north addition is 109x49 — all two stories. A one-story boiler-room 20x32, and another 12x32 ; a shaving room 14x16, and a dr3'-kiln with capa- city of 65,000 ; 115 horse-power engine, and the other eighty horse- power. Annual output $100,000 ; 100 employes ; a weekly "^pay-roll of about $3,000, and a main and side-track. Mattress Factory. — Proprietors, Stimson (L. F.) & Ellsbree (F. P.) ; was established in 1888 ; is situated south of the furniture factory, on west side of the railroad ; a wooden building 230x60, and two stories ; fully equipped for the business in every respect, and gives employment to an average of fifteen hands. Athens Car and Coach Covipany. — A joint-stock company, organ- ized in April, 1889; capital stock, $20,000', subscribed for altogether by citizens of Athens. Officers: Charles Kellogg, president ; Joseph Harris, vice-president; Edward Mills, secretary; James L. Dyer, super- intendent, and M. P. Murray, treasurer. Manufacture all kinds of omnibuses, coaches, drays, iierdics, milk and delivery wagons ; twenty- five employes, output $40,000 annually, and supply"^gooils to all parts of North America and South America. Occupy "six two-story build- ings : 130x125, 95x40, 75x125, and rent the second story of an adjoining building that is 30x90. Have a fifteen horse-power engine, and all the shops are equipped with the latest and best machinery. Planing Mill. — Campbell Bros.; was started, in the spring of 1887. as a saw and planing mill by these gentlemen, who sold tlie next spring, and bought it back in the spring of 1890. The mill l)uilding is 34 X 50 ; engine house, 16 x 30 ; shingle mill, 18 x 20. These gentle- men now have their sawmill at Barkiey, that is supplied with a sev- enty-five horse-power engine. The capacity is 20,000 to 30,000 feet per day. Flexible File Factory. — Proprietors, Sweet & Primrose. Tins industry was started in Athens in May, 1890. First one machine was equipped and put to work. It is the only manufactory of the kind in the world to-day, and the world's supply of these goods must be had here. At present the goods are handled by a Philadelphia house. The little machine can cut $2,000 worth of files each month. The 426 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. secret is in the process of tempering, which was the discovery of Mr. Sweet in 1889. In the factory is a large machine for making the ordinary files for jewelers and machinists. These are represented to be the hardest files made, and will readily cut tempered steel. Of the flexible files there are six sizes of dental instruments. Considering that this important industry — the invention in tempering steel, by E. g-^yeet — has but just been commenced, a most important future out- come is looked for. SjnnJVs Tannery.— ¥oY many years one of the leading industries of the county, because of the inexhaustible supply of hemlock, has been tannine-, and every year the industry still grows. A\'hile this factory is not in the corporate limits of the borough, yet being on the opposite bank of the Chemung river, it may well be rated .a part of the com- mon town industrial plants. This was commenced in 1870 by Under- hill vfc Maurice, who operated it about one year, and Charles E. Maurice became sole owner, and then it passed to Underbill round given by McKean, on which was also the graveyard, and to this day it is used for that ])urpose. This " Old Church '' was built in the fall of 1794 ; ever}^- body was invited to come to the "raising,"' and they came and in a few days the building was com])leted. It was burned in 1799; but rebuilt in better form in 1800 (this was hewed logs), and manv good people said the fire was a good thing.and there was great pridei n the new building, as it was ceiled on the inside, and had a pulpit, with a long double desk down the center for the school children. It v/as, fine as it was, torn down in 1822 to give place to the present building which is used on funeral occasions only. The first person buried in this ground was Robert McDowell, an Irishman ; the next was James Mc- Kean, who had donated the ground. The Pratt families came, in 1796, from Massachusetts ; they wei-e poor but strong and industrious. The wolves and panthers made it unsafe to leave a shee]) out in the pen over night, and the most of the women were terrified by day at the numerous snakes that abounded everywhere. One day Mrs. Joseph Ballard was carrying a lunch to her husband in the field, and in passing through some tall grass was attacked by a black snake. It coiled about her body and tried to thrust its head in her mouth, but finding the food in the basket commenced devouring that ; her screams brought the men, and it was killed, still coiled about her person. James McKean, Jr., and Paul DeWitt were hunting and killed a deer, when they heard a fearful human-like screech. They were not fooled, but knew it was a panther, and one of them circled and came upon and killed the animal, which measured nine feet in length. In the winter of 1802 a series of prayer-meetings resulted in add- ing to the church, among others, two young men, Henry B. Bascom and James Gillmore, who were from 'New York. TheiV after-lives became national in the church. The present road from Towanda to Troy was authorized, and an appropriation made therefor in 1804, but no work was done until 1810, and very little then, and it was not finished until 1817; there never was much done on it under State supervision. The pioneers brought but few dishes, and these were mostly jjewter. Ezra Goddard, one of the earliest arrivals in Burlington township, when he came brought a slave, a black man named Otho, whom he had owned in his native New England State. This slave was a turner, and he made most of tlie plates, turned of butternut wood, for the surrounding families for many miles. The people made their own spoons, mostly fi-om clam shells, and a handle made and fitted to the shell from the leg bone of a turkey; their most difficult want to till was knives, for which they could find no substitute for iron. They had to get along without chairs, which they could readily do ; but Jesse 4:0<\ HISTOKY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Marvin came, a chair and window-sash maker, and it was a great da}^ in Burlington when he set up his little slow-going foot lathe ; and soon all the moi'e prominent families were the proud possessors of tliree chairs. About this time came Mr. Ferris, a shoemaker, and settled on the farm owned of late years by Mrs. Lydia Patrick and Jesse Beach. Timothy and 'Jesse Beach were sons of Mrs. Ferris, by a former husband; they were sturdy, industrious boys, and long before they were grown tiie}' could swing an axe " like grown men," and at night by the log fire would study their books; while x'outhsthey were noted as the best in figures and history in the township, and others often went to them to solve difficult "sums" that were too deep for them — such as telling how much 31^ bushels at 37i cents would " come to." In the fall of 1807, a family named Durand came with a sick child to the house of Mr. Braflfit. Dr. Alexander was called in, and at once pronounced it a case of smallpox. The greatest alarm seized the peo- ple; they knew nothing of vaccination, and the three physicians in this part of the county were in active demand "inoculating " and attending upon the sick and frightened. The only death, fortunately, was that of the child that first had it. These phj'sicians were Alexander, liowle and Westcott. In 1813 Dr. Ira Lee came into the county, bringing vac- cine matter, and told the people they should all be vaccinated. But he was an Englishman, and we were at war with that countrv; the people did not like the English, and he was suspected of being an emis- sary, who, for "British gold," was sent to the country to poison good patriots; and as every man in Burlington knew he was a patriot they rose up as one, and it was by the skin of his teeth that the Esculapian escaped lynching; he fled the township and afterward settled over in Ulster. One of the first active opposers of the English doctor and his "pizen" was a Dr. Albert Russell, but in a little while the people found out he had duped them, and he iiad to hunt out new pastures for himself. A disease called the " Cold ])lague" made its appearance in 1814. A case w^ould commence with o^reat cold and shaking- for ten or twelve hours; tlien a slimy matter of yellowish tinge would exude through the skin from the loins and abtlomen, when the ague would subside and a lethargy would follow, and the patient would die in about forty hours. It is said that not one in twenty, so seized, recovered; that more men than women were attacked, but none under fifteen years of age of either sex. This dreadful malady disapj)eared when the cold weather of midwinter came. Dr. Stephen Ballard was esteemed the most successful physician of his day, especially in fevers, scrofula, cancers, etc. Late one June afternoon, in 180G, a queer looking, Quaker-dressed traveler rode into the neighborhood and })ut u)) at the house of Mrs. Jane McKean; he immediately announced there would be ameetingin the new church tli;it evening. The a{)pearance of the odd-looking creature helped to fill the house; he was a total stranger in a strange land. When the people had assembled, he rose brusquely and said: " My name is Lorenzo Dow; my business here is to save souls from Hell; my credentials are these (producing a Bible), which says ' Go ye HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 437 into all the world and preach the gospel to every creature; he that believeth and is baptized shall be saved, but he that believeth not shall be damned,' '' Betsey Ilagar was one of the most remarkable llevolutionary char- acters that ever came to Burlington. She was born in Boston in 1750, and at nine years of age was left alone in the world to shift for her- self. She grew up on a farm, was of a strong muscular frame, and learned to do all rough farm work, as well as being an expert at the loom. When the llevolution broke out she was at work for a man named Leverett, in his blacksmith shop ; he was very ingenious, and he and Betsey were secretly busy fixing the old match-lock guns for the patriots. She would file and grind and scour the work, and fit it as fast as he would turn it out. The two, it should be remembered, were working gratuitously — solely for the cause of freedom. At the battle of Concord the British fled, and left six nice brass cannon, but all spiked. They were taken to Leverett's shop, where he and his helper drilled holes opposite the spikes and then they could punch them out and stop up the hole with a screw. She worked hard at these cannon six weeks. She also made cartridges, and Avhen ner supply of flannel for this i)urpose gave out, she took off her underclothes and used them. At night, after the battle, she helped care for and nurse the wounded. Thus she helped during the seven years' war. In 1813 she married John Pratt, and they were on a rented farm at the time the "Shay rebellion " broke oui, when she said : •' John, you go and help kill Sha}^, and I will look after the crop." John went, and she made a fine crop. Her son was Thomas Pratt. In 1816 the family came to Bur- lington township, and settled on the G. A. Johnson farm. Among her other gifts was much knowledge of medicine— the herbs, roots and flowers of the country, and she often ministered to the sick, and was as much respected and " looked up to " as any person in the settle- ment. She lived to a green old age, dying in Granville in 1843, aged ninet\'-three years. In the year 1814 Samuel McKean brought goods from Philadel- phia, and opened a store in Burlington — the largest and finest stock then ever brought to this part of the county. lie took in pay the only currency of the country — ^honey, deer skins, maple sugar, furs, flax seed and whiskey. All these went to Philadelphia via the Sus- quehanna river down to Chesapeake Bay, and around to the city; Meansville (Towanda) was the port of entry for this part of the county, and on the water were the Durham boats, managed by poles and rudder, and pushed slowly back. The whole people rejoiced when this store was ojoened, and it was crowded all day long. Tlien commenced the evil system of trading on credit. Persons would buy, much foolishhr, and agree to pay the next spring when the sugar crop was gathered. Many of these debts laid over from year to year, until they outgrew all means of payment, and their little farms had to go. Then rye would not pay a store debt, but whisky would, and distil- leries sj)rung up rapidly — they soon far outnumbered the churches and school-houses. Samuel MoKean was born in Kishoquoquillas valley, Huntington Co. , 438 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Pa., and came north with his parents when quite young; when sixteen he went with an uncle to Maryland, and there received a good educa- tion. He lived with this uncle till the latter died, and he then inher- ited a part of his estate, and this was his capital to open the store. In 1816 he was elected to the Legislature, and he was re-elected sev- eral times. He went to Philadelphia, a typical backwoodsman from Bradford, and the city members thought to have some fun with him ; he was invited to a fashionable dinner, and at the table was placed at the head with the carving knife and requested to help the guests "farmer fashion." He gracefully rose, took the carving knife, helped his own plate bountifully and remarked : " Gentlemen, as I have done, so do ye," and sat down. It was all so gracefully done that the " funny fellers " looked at each other with a kind of a " sold " expression on their faces. He was elected to Congress in 1822 from the ten counties composing this district, being one of three members from the ten counties — the other two were George Kramer and Espy Van Horn. He served the district eight years, until it was changed. In 1830, immediately upon his retirement from Congress, he was appointed secretary of the Commonwealth, and served three years. While in this service he urged upon the members to pass a free school law, and drew the bill that was passed. In 1833 he was elected to the State Senate and during the term was elected United States Senator ; he served in the National Congress until 1838 when his health gave way, and he was given heavy doses of opium to relieve his neuralgia, and while in a fit of delirium he attempted suicide, inflicting a severe wound on his throat with a razor. He slowly recovered from the wound, but his mind was never right again, and he died in 18-10 of sofiening of the brain. His widow, Mrs. Julia Mclvean, sister to Judge McDowell, of Elmira, survived him man\^ years, and lived on the Burlington farm. In connection with the account of Samuel McKean it is proper to state that in 1811 a mail route was established from Towanda through Burlington and on to the west, and Mr, McKean was the first postmaster at Burlington. One Needham rode the pony mail, and had a tin horn with which he always announced his a])proacli — an exciting event. In 1806, Ezra Goddard wjis killed by a falling tree. In 1808, Ephraim Blakesley was trying to put the first saw logon the carriage of his sawmill, when he slipped and the log caught his head against the carriage and killed him instantly. In 1813, Ezra Goddard, Jr., was going up the ladder in his mill from the basement, and being old and ckimsy ho fell backward, and died in consequence in a few days. John Ballard, Sr., was attem])ting to drive a dog fi'om his house, and was bit on the lip. It was feared the dog was rabid, but the wound soon cured, and in his old age it appeared as a rose cancer, which resulted in his death. Luther Goddard was killed by the falling chimney of his mill. He was a bnfther and joint-owner with Ezra Goddard. This last happened in 1814. The heirs soon after sold the mill to William Stevens, and his son, Hiram K., became the owner. James McKean,with others, was chopping one day, when a bent limb was loosed and flew back, striking him on the head, killing him. He was one of the early s^J^.f^A^^ a^V/ ^ ^ HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 441 settlers who came to seek a home for liis fatlier's familv. John Pratt was killed in 1827 by the limb of a tree falling and breaking his back. In May, 1820, his brother Avas chopping in the timber, and cut his foot so severely he had to be carried home ; lockjaw supervened and he died in a few days. Ancient GianU. — Some men in digging a cellar for Gen, McKean came to a rock-enclosed tomb, nine feet below the surface, and over nine feet long by two and a half wide. The soft bones of the skeleton, as it lay, were carefully measured by Josejih Williams, of Troy, and it was eight feet and two inches in length. There were two of those graves within the space of the cellar, and one was overgrown by a pine tree over three feet in diameter. William McKean, of Troy, made a statement that, in 1841, in cut- ting down a noted old dead stump of great size, he found unmistakable marks of some sharp, ax-like instrument near the heart. It was carefully split and examined, and there could be no mistake of the nature of the cuts. ITe was assisted in the examination bv the Rev. Moses Ingalls ; they counted the rings and came to the conclusion that the marks had been made over four hundred years ago ! County Pool' Farm is situated al)out one mile west of Burlington. The land cost $11,500, and the buildings were erected thereon in 1880- 81, the cost thereof being $38,500. There are about 175 inmates. The first school-house in Burlington was on Sugar cr^sek, in 1701. Mr. McKean gave an acre of ground for a graveyard and church site, and to this day the old church (not the first) stands on this ground. A road was cut through along the creek from Towanda in the winter 1700-91. by Jeremiah Taylor, Mr. Moffat and Benjamin Sax- ton. A mail route was established through Burlington froiii Towanda in 1811, and Samuel McKean was appointed postmaster at Burlington. Lutlier's Mills is a small settlement at the crossino; of the Sugar creek by the Towanda and Troy highway. It contains a^saw and g-rist mill, postofHce, one or two stores, a blacksmith-shop, and a school- house, and a number of pleasant residences. BURLINGTON BOROUGH. The borough of Burlington was established in 1853. It lies on the north bank of the Sugar creek, its western boundary being also that of the township. The Tomjack creek runs through"^ the village from the northeast, taking its rise a'shorttlistance north of the northern boundary of the borough, which includes in its limits about two hun- dred and fifty acres. Tomjack's cabin was situated just above the mouth of the creek named in his honor, on the south side of the Sugar creek. The business of the borough is chiefly confined to an edge-tool and hore-srake manufactory, carriage, wagon and sleigh manufactory, cabinet-ware and pumps, cooper, carpenter and blacksmith shops, general stores and drug-store, one hotel, two physicians and surgeons, and a postoffice. There are one good school-house and two churches in the boroueh. . 24 443 HISTOKY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. CHAPTER XXX. CANTON TOWNSHIP— CANTON BOEOUGH. THE first settlement made in what is now Canton township was probabW in 1794, by Isaac Allen. Zepheniah Kogers made his possession in i796, on the Hubbell Manley farm, built his floorless log cabin, 14x18, and put up his one-legged bedstead, simply a forked stick driven into the ground, on which were poles running to a crack between the wall logs, and those poles were threaded with bark for bed cord — the magnificent furnishing of many an old-time first cabin. Same year came Ezra Sjmlding, alone, on a tour of observation ; and, selecting his future home, he stuck down his Jacob-staff on what became the farmed " old S]mlding place," and " bached " and worked hard during the summer; then, next season, brought his farail}'. He built a double log house, and opened a tavern in the wilds. To one now-a-days this smacks of the man who, being a little demoralized, wished everybody was dead but himself, and he would then go to Philadelphia and keep a hotel. Spalding found, when he came, Jonas Geers on the Daniel Innes farm, once the Grover farm. Geers left in 1800. Jonathan Prosser was on the C. S. Sellard place— Capt. Calvin Spencer Sellard, whose daughter, Mrs. W. Levitt, resides in Canton borough. Prosser's cabin was near and below the bridge crossing Towanda creek. Same spring a man named Coon came ancl also settled on the Sellard farm. Ezra Spalding remembered these as the three cabins in Canton when he came in 1796 ; but the same year came Gashum Gillett and stopped on the now Capt. L. D. Landon farm, and his son, Wilkes Gillett, settled on the James Metier place. Zepheniah Rogers, Jr., settled the Lindley farm, and Rogers, Sr., set off, to his son Roswell, the farm on the east side of the creek, owned by the grandson, William. Elisha Knight and George Brown came in 1797. The same year came the Cashes, who improved the Loomis farm. John Newell came in the spring. of 1797, and settled on the L. N. Rutty farm; he was an uncle of II. S. Newell, now of Canton, on the farm left him by his father, Oliver Newell; this farm was first settled in 1799 by Orr Scovel, whose house, it is said, was the first frame in Canton town- ship, which eventually became Squire Bassett's barn. Same year Moses Emmerson settled on the now Ichabod Sellard's farm, and the next spring Daniel Bagley built his cabin on the Enoch Sellard farm. In the spring of 1797 a man named Stratton built a cabin on the flats (now owned by G. W. Griffin), but never occupied it, as he went back to Sugar creek; but Ebenezer Bixby came that spring, and, finding it 6mpty, took possession and lived there three years. Loban Landon settled on the farm afterward owned by C. P. Spalding and O. B. Grantier. Joel Bodwell came in 1800, and settled the Taber farm; HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 443 he sold to Abraham Taber, father of Nathan B. Taber.. Taber, a Ttevolutionary soldier, came in 1802. Nathan B. Taber married Nanc\^ Grantier. In 1797 or 1798 Isaiah Grover built on what is known as the Grif- fin farm, owned recently b\^ George Golf; Grover sold to Samuel Griffin in 1800. In 1797 Benjamin Ba.bcock settled the Reuben Loomis farm, and, at the same time, Nathaniel Babcock settled the John Van- Dyke farm, owned more recently by Jacob Beardsley. At that date there was no other settlement in this direction until you reached the Walter farm, in Le Ro\^ township. The Van Dyke farm was settled in 1798; same year Elihu Knights came, and he sold to the Segors and then settled the George P. Manley farm. In his last years Mr. Spald- ing could not remember the name of the first settler on the Wilcox farm, but thinks, whoever it was. he sold to a man named Hinman, in 1798, and from this it is named Hinman Hill. Dennis Kingsbury set- tled the Stone farm in 1796, it is supposed, which farm is now owned by E. Lilley. At this house were held the township gatherings and public meetings. Kingsbury thought of making a village of the place. He sold, in 1805, to Capt. Rice, and Rice sold to Joseph Wallace. Mr. Spalding thought that Sterling and Hugh Holcomb located their claims in 1795, but did not occupy them until,l796. These' were hard- working, thrifty men, who accumulated property. Hugh'Holcomb built one of the very first sawmills in southeast Bradford, on the little creek that runs through the town ; soon he built a gristmill, and for nearly one hundred years this has ground away. Mr. Holcomb soon after built a distillery, as whisky was then deemed, as much a hecessa^ry as bread or milk; this distillery opened a market'for all the surplus corn, and was really an important enterprise. Mr. Spalding thought that Seeley Crofut located here in 1795, but did not move out his family until 1796. In 1799, Isaac Chaapel, of Massachusetts, came and set- tled on the j)lace near where is Chaunce}^ Chaapel's house. Isaac was a prominent man, and was justice of the peace quite a long time. A man named Gordon settled the Aaron Knapp place. ' The above reminiscences were dictated by Horace Spalding, when he was ninety-three years old, and therefore any slight mistakes should not be carped at. Horace Spalding was the last surviving son of Ezra Spalding. He remembered back in 1805, when this was Towanda township, Luzerne county, and their supposed voting place was Wil- liamsport, as they believed they were in Lycoming county. Horace Spalding cast his first vote in 1804; he was "return judge in 1809, and carried the vote to Wilkes-Barre ; and remembers that, in 1805, the county line was run here, and they found tiiey were in Luzerne and not Lycoming county. Something'^more of Ezra Spalding's recollec- tions during the last. year of his life were published in the Canton Sen- tinel, in January, 1876, as they were written out by Sylvanus I). Ken- dall, substantially as follows r The Alden farm was" settled in 1796 (he could not remember by whom). A man named Knapp lived at the mouth of the north branch of the creek. Knapp sold to Cramer, who came up and bought where Aaron and his son lived and died. The 444 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Daniel Wilcox farm was settled before 1796 ; how long he did not know, but remembered there being a log-house and several acres cleared when he first came. The noted earl}^ place called the " Allen Mills" he thought Isaac Allen must have settled as early as 1794 or 1795 ; that David and Stephen Allen built their sawmill, and soon after their gristmill, finishing the latter in 1797. Isaac Allen, he sup- posed, came first. These mills have been operated right along to the present day. Returning to the point of the borough of Canton, and going up the road to Alba: In 1799 Yan Valkenburg settled on the Levi Stullfarm, and his son-in-law, Wedgeworth, located the " Minnequa Springs " place, that in time came to the hands of Peter Herdic, a genuine " hustler" of modern times, whose push and vim did so much to develop this part of Bradford count3^ Mr. Wedgeworth built his house on the flat between the "Minnequa House" and the farm house recently erected. 1804, after leaving Canton, on the road to Troy, was settled by David Pratt. This was the man, who, in 1804, made the nails for Ezra Spalding's barn, afterward the widow Wheat's property. The next was Schuyler Elliott's farm settled in 1805 b}^ Levi Morse, a tailor; James Rockwell, grandfather of Jacob Rockwell, settled the Rockwell farm, it is supposed in 1802. And Jeremiah Smith located on the Israel Moore farm. In 1804 Elisha Luther and a man named Hurlbut settled between Smith's and Alba borough. In 1805 Kilbourne Morley settled the David Palmer farm. Eban Wilson, Dr. Rowlaaand Jacob Thomp- son came about the year 1803. A quaint old account and ledger book that Ezra Spalding brought to this country with him is well preserved. It dates back to 1774, but what is written in it seems, on the blank spaces, to be Spalding's accounts with his neighbors after he commenced business here. These old accounts commenced with his Canton neighboi's in 1797, and are now of the greatest interest. The first page has an entry (1799) against Elihu Knight, among other things, seven bushels of corn at fifty cents a bushel ; then John Griffin is charged seven cents for a pint of whisky; March, 1807, paid Hugh Holcomb five quarts whisky in full for work; 1808, Kilbourne Morley is charged five items at different dates, but all for whisky ; December, 1808, Sela Crofoot (the way he spells it) is charged with several items, but mostly whisky ; November, 1813, David Pratt, Jr., is charged fifty cents for two gallons of cider. In 1807, Benjamin Stone bought during that and the next year the amount of |7.25 worth, chiefly whisky ; in 1809, Samuel Wilcox is charged twenty-five cents for a quart of whisky ; then we come ,on the next page, where it goes back to 1799, Joseph Vansickle purchased some sugar; in 1801, Jonathan Prosser bought some hay; at the same time Jesse Drake bought two bushels of corn ; the next charge (no year given, but supposed 1801), John "Granidier " is charged wnth several items of whisky. In the year 1800, Dr. Joseph Vanseck is credited by "two potions of salts;" by a book "Father Leguay to his Daughter" and "Revolution in America," another, the "Book of a Man of Feeling," and the "Letter Writer" and " Sans Cullots Mor- IIISTOKV or llltADI'OlM) COUNTY, 445 ality "and "The Sentimental Traveler throuoh Italy anil France." With all these books Mr. Si)akling' must have hail the leading library in northern Pennsylvania. On the next leaf Roswell Kogers is charged 25 cents for a quart and $1.40 for a gallon of whisky. In May. 1799, Charles Reeder is charged 25 cents for a hall' bushel of seed corn, and 40 cents tor tliree quarts of hay seed. In 1808, Nathan Wilcox is charged $2 for 2 gallons of whisky and for three bushels of "rie," by Orr Scabel, Jr., $2. In 180(5,^ IJenj. Mead is charged 6 cents for " 2 gills." In October, 1799, Nathan Roberts is charged for corn and several items for horse and ox teams to do his hauling, and twice for tobacco. During 1807, the same man made a bill of )5^4o.80, the largest single bill the books so far show. Tlie man is credited with one heifer $7 ; one steer $16; milling 27 bushels of " rie " at Pratt's IVEill, and by 'vOilly going to mill." In May, 1808, Freedom Bennett is charged 50 cents for 2 quarts whisky ; in 1807, Simeon Power makes quite a bill, and is credited by " Fanna 2 weeks and 4 days' spinning 50 cents." In August, 1800, Stephen Latimer is charged 'with '"sugar 50 cents," and on the line below is this grim entry : "credit by death." In 1807, Nancy Strickland bought a gal- lon and five quarts of whisky, and paid the bill by one calf $2.75; in 1807, Henry Segar bought whisky several times, '"to be paid in "rie' after harvest;" in 1801, a man named Bular is credited on his account with seven weeks' work $4.06.6 — they were very particular to carry out the mills and cents; in 1797, Moses Emmerson is charged $30.66.7 for 23 weeks board. He marks John Crandall's bill in 1801 as "' set- tled the above accompt." Follou'ing this '"accompt" is a year's venison deal in 1797 with same Crandall: first is by 100 pounds veni- son $2, then is " 84 pounds venison in the woods, 84 cents." In 1798, Benjamin Babcock, account and due bill $13.91 — running through the months, there are credits, " 2^ bushels rie" $1.66; 24^ bushels corn $1.25 ; 2 bushels potatoes 45 cents; 6 bushels wheat $6 ; 3 pigs $1.20, and then timothy seed to square the "accompt." In 1797 Joseph Kinney is charged with "a gallon of whisky by Mr. Hammond." June 24, ISOO, is this entry: "Received Capt. William Benjamin's horse from Albert Wells, and requested to keep well." Then, April 15, "Capt. Benjamin took his horse away by the hand of Mr. Williams." In 1807 Benjamin King made an account for whisky and venison ; he is credited by " three baskets, boting 5 chairs ; making neat house," etc.; in 1807 Isaiah King bought several quarts of whisky, and is credited by "one day's hoeing, 50 cents; one mar- tin skin, 40 cents." In 1799, Samuel Grifiin is charged with " 1^ days oxeens work, 60 cents" ; " to horses and oxeen drawing load hay from Beaver's Meadows;" April, 1799, he has several charges against Isaiah Grover for " meat and potatoes lent," and for " Billey and the oxeen ^ day, 30 cents" ; " to the oxeen five days to go to Mr. Board- man's, $2.00;" " to the oxeen one day to draw logs for his house;" this was August 30. Polly Luther (year not given) made an " accompt " of $8.16; among the items was " one hat, $4.00 " (Polly w\ns a little vain); "cloth for shortgown, 40 cents;" "five yards tow cloth, $2.67;" "i yard muslin, 42 cents;'' to " soals to 1 pair slips and 44G JflSTORY OF BRADKORU COUNTY. making 25 cents;" then, "settled with roily," by the following account: " 10 days work on tow yarn ; 6 days on linnen yarn ; 6 days on tow yarn ; by 2 weeks and 2 days spining Imnen; two weeks on linnen tow and picking wool ; by one week and one day on tow ; by eight days spining tow ; by three weeks and four days work on linnen and tow, and finally by five weeks and five and a half days work." A girl now would consider this right smart work for $8.16. In 1810 he credits Aurilla Ilurlbut with "31 weeks and 5 days work, $21.23." Dur- ing the year 1803 George Brown runs an account, $1.63. In 1803 Dr. Prowlan run up a long bill for whisky ; only that each item is generally for one or two gills at a time, one would conclude that there were" a great many snake bites that year among his patients; one entry is "2 gills whisky, lodging and breakfast, and my horse to ride home." In 1800, AVheeler Hinman runs up a long store account, in which is "a days work by Horace," "leather, and soal leather for 1 pair shoes," sugar, whisky; the sugar is charged at about 13 cents a pound, and whisky one dollar a gallon; then Hinman is credited with making quite a number of pairs of shoes, "half-boots for Billey," and shoes for Betty antl Horace and " topping Horace's boots," etc. Then tlie next page goes back to 1797, and gives Nathaniel Babcock's "account," among numerous items is, "Horace and oxen, 1^ days, $1.25," and he is credited by day's work, "use of saddle, one day choping, one day hoeing, one day reaping," etc. Then in 1801, Hezekiah "Arrants," and, on opposite page it is written "Arrand," is charged for sugar, potatoes, wheat, corn, gallon of soap, candles, but no whisky. Hezekiah must also have been a cobbler, as he is credited with making and " half-soaling " many pairs of shoes; these are shoes for "Ceasar," Polly, Betty, Horace, Billey, Mrs. Spalding and by " one pair shoes for Horace by agreement $2.25 " — this v.-as pretty extravagant for Horace as the average price of shoes is 6Q cents. In 1797, Jonas Geers has quite an "accompt," and among other items is " one iron kettle, $5.20," by " daughter's making cap for wife 40 cents." On the opposite page he is credited with "fetching 2 loads of goods from Ehhu Knights," and by " 6^ yards cassimer, $14.00," and by "a half stack of hay $3.33^." In 1797, Jonathan Prosser's account fills a page, and the whole foots up $17.00, mostly for teams to haul, provi- sions, and one item is " i bu. potatoes and 26 pumpkins, 40 cents." The price of pumpkins was one cent each. The same year, 1797, Ebenezer Brigsby has quite an account, and among other items is one for the "hire of his kettle to sugar in, $1." In 1798 John Newell runs a long account — potatoes, corn, wheat, hauling, etc. He is cred- ip _ - Delight's shoes and " toping Cesars," and many and much shoemakmg and mending. In 1799 Laban Landon opened an account ; three bun- dles of straw, beans, wheat, flax, "a pullet 12 cents" and "soal leather for Laban." lard, and cash to Eleazer Ellis, etc. His credit is by a "bushel of salt from Williamsport, $2.50;" by " 1 dog, 82 cents," by " turning bedstead posts," by " one hive," " by leather for Horace and History of kradkord (JoirNTY. 447 Cesars vamps and quarters,'' and Jinally "by the verdict about the old horse $5.'' In 1801 Henry Van Valken burg's name opens an account and it is spelled " Van volcan borough," that is very good indeed, "burg'' means borough when 3'ou write, though pronounced "burg" in common parhmce. Van got seed wlieat, a pig, corn, potatoes, etc., and is credited by tallow, venison, deer skins, etc. Orr Scovel in 1800 tills a page; it is all potatoes, wheat, corn, rye, etc., and in his credits is an order on Ebenezer Tuttle for $^5. 00, and another " by his sawmill to saw 720 feet." In 1800 Eleazer Allis makes a long account, which it seems he paid mostly in whisky and work. It should be born in mind that then whisky was not only the vernacular drink, but the legal tender of the realm. In 1S03 Jesse Roberts made an account, and the next year paid it off in r3'e. In 1800 Uriah Loper bought about §12.00, and is credited "one wash tub, a shawl, silk handker- chief, by an order on Thomas Caldwell, and by hauling to Robert's mill." In 1811 " John Granidier [this means Granteer] bought 1^ bushels apples 75 cents." In 1801 Jacob " Granidier" [Granteer] is charged with many items — sugar, potatoes, work by Horace, etc., and is credited by many days' work. Zepheniah Rogers makes a long store-bill in 1803. Jesse Drake has a larger one in 1802, but he is credited with "eighteen bushels of apples." Among other items charged to Jesse is " keeping horse nine nights, ninety cents." In 1803 Koah Wilson (mayor of Alba) came down to Spalding's to trade, and bought cider, salt, whisky, potatoes, etc. This open account ran along until 1822, when, under date of July 1, appears this: "Settled all the above amounts and all other deals to this date in full," signed by I^oah Wilson and Ezra Spalding. In 1809 Benjamin Landon opened an account; it ran until 1812 when they settled and signed the account. In 1804 Eli McNitt opened an account, and this open account runs to 1810. The same year Augustus Loomis commences to trade with Spalding, and the same year again appears the name of Wilkes Gillett on the books, every item of liis account being whisky. In 1805 Levi Morse ran a bill, which he paid in tailoring; among other items is "making great coat, $1.50," "turning Horace's — $2" (supposed "pantaloons"). March 21,1813, is this entry: "Zuba N^elson came to my house to work," and in 1812 is this: " Sabra Green came to my house to work." In 1805 John IS e well, Jr., begins an account, whiskv, beans, potatoes, and paid by work and deer skins. In 1805 appears the account of Thomas Updegraflf, who paid in leather, it seems (probably the first tanner). In 1805 Samuel Waitman opened an account. In 1808 Zoroaster Porter's name appears; in 1811 he, too, bought apples of Spalding, and in 1812 they settle up the account. Ezra Spalding's family were himself, wife, and sons Horace and William, and daughters Lucy, Betsey and Delight, and two slaves, Bulah and her boy, "Cesar," who were slaves in Connecticut. Bulah, having her freedom after a year here, went back to Sheshequin, but " Cesar" remained. Ezra Spalding was born in Connecticut, and was aged forty -two when he came : he had a good education, had surveyed, and had studied navigation. He was a Revolutionary soldier ; he first 448 HISTOKY OF BKADFORD COUNTY, came to Sheshequin in 1T95, and next 3^ear to this place. His cabin was between where the road now runs and Towanda county, nearly a mile from the borough where his son Horace lived. They built a cabin, 16x32, and the next February he brought his family in sleds. When he came he brought about $300 worth of cow-bells, which he soon sold to his neighbors. Groceries were " dear bought and far fetched" at first, as they all came from Athens, but the trade soon changed to Williamsport, simply following down the stream to that place, which old-timers said they crossed thirty-eight times going from Canton. In the above accounts appears an entry against Emmerson, who was a spy, it seems, of Pennsylvania, and who tried to rob Spalding of his land. John Newell, Jr., settled the L. N. Kutty farm in 1Y97, and sold in 1799 to Samuel Rutty. Government sent out viewers to locate a road north from Williams- port to Canada, and, after much contention as to the two routes, it was finally surveyed and located much as it now runs through the county. It was sixty feet wide and completed, except three miles in 1811. The slave "Cesar " was given his liberty bv Mr. Spalding when he was t wen t}^ -one; he lived to be quite old, and was never accused of being wholly, as his namesake would have his wife. Spalding's mill on his farm was a small affair, but a great improve- ment to stump pounding. It would run all day and grind about three busliels of corn. Reference has already been made to the burning of Spalding's house. In further explanation it may be said that this was all caused by this traitor in his house, Emmerson, and was another attempt of the Pennamites to ruin the Connecticut settlers. Spalding was arrested under the " intrusion law," fined ^200 and sent to prison two months. He served out his terra, and then an executive took and sold all his personal property and the rascals burned his house. These were some of the drastic measures against these poor settlers, who, one woidd suppose, had enough natural obstacles to contend with without such horrors as Pennsylvania agents inflicted ujion them. Is it any w^onder there was in time bloodshed between these paities ? Mr. Spalding had purchased of Col. Spalding and Elisha Satterlee, but finally completing his title by purchasing of the Asylum company. This ruin came to Mr. Sjmlding in the fall of 1800. He was com- pelled to move his family into a small cabin that stood where J. W. Griffin lived; at that time owned by Ebenezer Allis, where he lived one year and then built a new house, and in a few years he was again prospering and running his hotel. He died in December, 1828. His son Horace succeeded him, and died on the old place at the ripe age of ninety-six. Mrs. S. D. Kendall, of Canton, is a daughter of Horace Spalding. Early elections in Canton township were held at the house of Daniel Stone. An early justice was Isaac Chaapel, and in time he was succeeded by Seeley Crofut. The lirst schoolin the new township was taught by Isaac Chaapel, HISTORY OF HRADFOKl) (■ollNi^. 44'J near Pratt's Mill. In 1799 some ol" the most pi-ominent people, amoii<^' others Ezra Spencer, were arrested under the " intrusion law,'' for set- tling on lands under Connecticut title, and sentenced to two or three months' imprisonment and fined $200. In 1800 Mr. Spaldinj^-'s house was burned, while the sheriff was in the act of dispossessing him, to put a man in it by the name of John Schrader, Sr., ;ind about the time lire was descried, a bullet '' whizzed " close by the heads of the sheritf and Schrader. This was one of the incidents of that disturbc;d time ami disputed land titles. In November, 1814, Michael K. Thorp made his appearance in the settlement with blank deeds, etc., and claimed to be an agent of " The Bank of North America," which claimed the land of the settlers, and he urged the people to buy. Many did so; took a deed and mortgage at the rate of |2.50 per acre, a few lost or gave up their claims and took other land. The first division of Canton township was striking off Fi'anklin township — about one-half of its territory ; the next change was that of making Troy township. The jieople in the confusion were, many of them on North Sugar creek, called on in two to\vnshi])s to pay taxes. Canton toAvnshi]:f originally comprised Leroy, Franklin, Alba borough, and a large part of Granville. In 1820, in the split in the Methodist Churcli by those "protesting " against the " episcopacy," a society of the new order was formed in Canton township, of which Uriah Baxter was the chosen leader, and Elder David Randall, of Burlington, was an active and influential member. This society still keeps its organization. Jacob Gran teer settled what isl-anton borough in 1800. He came that spring and purchased 440 acres, including all the east part and west limits of the incorporation. He bought of Jonathan Prosser, built a nice hewed log house on the ground on which stands Ezekiel Newman's house. Granteer, who was born in Lorraine, came to Amer- ica two or three years before the breaking out of the Kevolution, and settled in the Mohawk valley. lie volunteered into Moi'gan's Rifle- men, and served during the war. After that he removed to Newtown (Elmira), and from there in pirogues floated down the river to the mouth of Tow^anda creek, called '•' Fox's ferry," or sometimes " Fox's fishery," and finally '" Fox's chase." He built the first sawmill on Mill creek a short distance north of Canton borough. He was killed by a fall in his mill in 1804 or 1805. He left three sons and four daughters, all now deceased. His eldest son, Jolin Granteer, cleared the ground on which the borou":h stands. John was twice married, first to a Heverly and then to Mary Moore; he died in 1870, aged eighty-six; his wife died in 1861 and was buried in the ground he had given for a church and graveyard, where was built the first Union church; this old church building was moved to Centre street, and became a residence. John Granteer left one son by his first marriage, and two sons by his last marriage, viz: Jacob ;i,nd John. Graver is a station on the i-ailroad south of the borough of Canton, and nearly on the south county line. The most important industry here is the extensive Innes tannery; there are two stores and some 4o0 MlSTOK^ OV BKAin<'OKI) COUNTY. small shops; also a gTistiuill operated by James 11. Eastgate, and the extensive planing mill of S. S. Vermih'e. Minnequa Springs. — This is a lovely spot, and a most noted health resort of northern Penns^dvania, from whose remarkable springs burst forth the cold, pure, health giving waters. It is tradition that the Indians were led to this spring following the game that came for the sweet water. The early pioneer learned of it from the Indian, and, in the course of time, Peter Herdic, by the advice of his physi- cian, came here and found the fountain of health, if not of perpetual youth, and, in 1S69, he made it a health resort for the public. Guests and visitors and cottage-builders have been a steady, increasing stream to the present. In 1870 Judge Maynard purchased sixty acres, and built his residence near the sj)ring. A commodious hotel was built, and, when this was overtaxed with increasing guests, a large room annex was put up. The main building was burned in 1878, and the present brick was opened in 1884. Were there nothing here but the sweet dreamland that it is — the wide, smooth sweeping valley at your feet, the surrounding swelling- hills and the afar, dreamy blue lines of the Armenia, and the South Mountains overlooking Canton, and the green velvet valley of the Towanda — it would be an enchanting place for the city visitor fleeing from the roar and dust and dirt of the city, to rest and renew life and vis^or for the future struo'ole. Here is oreat Mother Nature's sweet bosom, where her weary and sick children ma}^ cuddle and sleep and dream, and regain strength and health. Mr. L. J. Andress, who has for many years kept the hotel, is a famous caterer, and so is his able assistant, Mr. Hinckley. From all the Eastern cities are representative families with cottages lining the sides of the surrounding hills, while others are constantly being built. Among the earliest to select this as a summer home were E. L. Daven- port and Fanny Davenport and Frank Mayo, of theatrical renown, whose " Crockett Lodge" is a marvel of beauty. Other notable places are " Maynard's Hill." Miss F. A. Smith's cottage, Henry A. Oakley's and those of Kev. Stephen W. Dana, D. D.; Dr. Saylor, Dr. Franklin Hindale ; Dr. Arthur Brooks, rector of the Church of the Incarnation ; besides, "Beech wood," the charming summer home of Mrs. C. M. Par- ker, and others. Some of the most elegant cottages are now in course of construction. The Northern Central Kailroad stops all trains at this point during the season. Minnequa is about half-way between Elmira and AVil- liamsport, and two miles north of the borough of Canton. Analvsis of the water: Total solid contents in one U. S. gallon (grains in one U. S. gallon), 7.652 ; calcium, 0.994 ; magnesium, 0.207 ; sodium, 0.722 ; lithium, trace; aluminum, 0.127: iron, trace; manganese, 0.226; chlo- rine, 0.140; silica, 0.700; zinc, 0.028; carbonic acid, 2.053; boracic acid, 2.132; oxygen (with silicates), 0.138; loss, 0.145. Temperature of spring, 47 degrees Fahrenheit. CANTON BOROUGH. Canton borough was incorporated May 23, 1864, with the following as first officers : Burgess, John A. Mix ; J. E. Bullock, secretary ; II I STORY OK nKADKOKD CO I! N'T Y. 4o I justice of the pence, J. W. \'aiulyke uiid Thomas B(?iinett; couik;!!, Ilerinan Towiisend. E. AV. (yoolwell, Daniel Wil(;ox, John A. Jlooper. and II, F. Beardsley. The recoi'd of the l)ii)-oessesand seci-etaries f I'om ISG-J: to 185)1 is as follows : Burgesses. — 1804-05, John S. Mix; 1800, Cha)-les Stockwell ; 1867, James O. Ilan(hill ; 1808, Charles Stockwell ; 1809, Chark'S Stockwell; 1870, Marcus Porter; 1871, A. I). Williams; 1872, E. I.. Manley ; 1873, II. B. Parsons ; 1874. Theo. Pierce; 1875. Samuel W. Owen^; 1870, A. D.Williams; 1877, B. W. Clark; 1878, J. H. Shaw; 1879, J. II. Shaw ; 1880, G. H. Estell ; 1881, G. II. Estell ; 1882, II. B. Parsons; 1883, E. A. Jennings; 1884, E. A. Jennings; 1885, E. A. Jennings; 1880, W. C. Crippen ; 1887, W.C. Crippen; 1888, J. W. Parsons; 1889, J. W. Parsons; 1890, J. ^Y. Parsons. .%r'/'g^«7v't^^.— 1804-65. J. E. Bullock ; 1800. J. E. Bullock ; 1807, J. E. Bullock ; 1808, James D. Tvler; 1809, II. N.Williams ; 1870. Ed. New- man ; 1871. M. P. Lewis; 1872, J. W. Stene ; 1*^73, G. W. Griffin; 1874, G. W. Griffin; 1875, Pv. M. Manley; 1870, P. M. Manlev ; 1877, M. P. Lewis ; 1878, John S. Griffin; 1879, Frank A. Owen; 1880, W. W.Whitman; 1881, W. W. Whitman ;. 1882, Charles E. Bullock ; 1883. G. W. Griffin ; 1884, Newton Landon ; 1885, Charles E. Biggs ; 1880, Charles E. Riggs ; 1887. A. 1\ Hackett ; 1888, Charles E. Ji\^^^\ 1889, Charles E. Riggs; 1890, Charles E. Riggs. The present borough officers are as follows : Colin A. Innes, bur- gess ; llollis H. Taylor, vice burgess ; Michael F. Wynne, treasurer ; Charles E. Riggs, secretary. Street Committee — Michael F. Wjmne, Harry E. Griffin, Richard J. O'Donnel. Sidewalk Committee — Hollis H. Taylor, Robert E. Rockwell, Walter G. Newman. Street Commis- sioner — Almeran D. Biddle. Citizens'' Water Works (incorporated), Canton, was established in 1876 and reorganized in 1883; capital stock, $25,000. The first sup- ply was from Mill creek, and the second was from Lake Nephwan, in 1889. The former was about one and one-fourth miles, and the latter one-half mile distant. The officers are: G. W. Maynard, ])resident; J. E. Cleveland, treasurer ; L. E. Manley, secretary ; G. E. Guernsev, manager. The pii)es liave been extended to Minnequa, and supply that place as w^ell as Canton. The water from the creek has a fall of 300 feet, and from the lake about 250 feet — an unlimited supplv. and altogether Canton may be said to have the best water supply in northern Pennsylvania. Canton Schools have an enrollment of 400 pu])ils, and employ eight teachers. U. G. Palmer is principal. The board of education consists of W. S. Lewis, M. D., president; William C. Sechrist, Esq.. secretary ; W. C. Crippen, treasurer ; L. R. Gleason, M. L. Rockwell, T. Burk. ' Caledonia Tannery was established in 1870, and began operations in 1871. The tannery is owned by A. Innes & Son, and has a capacity of 55,000 hides a year. The number of men emploved is from thirtv- five to forty. Steam Flour and Feed Mill was built in 1870, and owned by Samuel Strait. Geo. B. Rile}^ bought it in 1890, and continues to operate it. 462 History of BRAbFORi) county. 11. Sheldon & Co., Map Hollers and Mountings, was established in 18Y1 ; capital stock about $9,000. They emplo}^ from thirteen to egihteen men. Gleason cfc ClarA's Canton Tannery was established in 1869, by Gleason & Irving. In 1881, Mr. Irving sold his interest in the plant. The product is about 350,000 pounds of leather per year ; they employ sixteen men. Hockctt Bros.'' Sawmill, Carding-mill and Bee-hive Factory.- — The firm bought the mill of C. O. Ilazleton, October, 1882, and added the Bee-hive Factory in the spring of 1889. They manufacture bee-hives principally in the summer, and last year's product was over 2,000; and $500 worth of wool was carded. Htigh Craioford's Roller Feed Mill. — The firm buy about sixty carloads of grain a year, and grind for customers, besides what is bought in Canton ; employ about twent3'-five men. G. M. Coorus Planing Mill, was built in 1887, and employs from four to six men. The mill Jias a 45 horse-power engine and runs plan- ers, lathes, board and jig saw, etc. A. M. Wilson's Fotindry and Machine Shop was established over thirty years ago by N. H. Harris. The present owner bought it in 1888. The machine shop is 40x4u feet, and the foundry 30x60 feet; employs from three to five men. Rockwell *& Son^ s Canton Steam Mills were started in 1879; con- tain seven grinding buhrs. They do a business of about $20,000 a year. H. H. Taylor''s Planing Mill has been established about twenty years. The present owner has been running it seven years: employs five men, and does a large business. Miller Bros.'' Saw and Feed Mill was established in the spring of 1883 ; was started first in 1876 as a wagon aud repair shop ; does an extensive business. Canton has the following business concerns : Dr}^ goods, three ; clothing, three ; hardware, four ; furniture, two ; jewelry, two ; banks, First National Bank; three hotels — " Packard House," "Canton" and " Mountain View " ; grocer}'" stores, eight ; agricultural stores, two ; bakery, one ; meat markets, two ; livery stables, four ; boot and shoe store, one; planing mills, two; gristmills, two; foundry, one ; tannery, one ; sawmills, two ; blacksmiths, five ; wagon shops, three ; undertaker, one. The First National Bank of Canton was established March 1, 1881, with a capital stock of $50,000. The capital stock is $50,000; the surplus fund $23,000 ; the undivided profits, $5,672.44. National bank notes outstanding $11,700 ; individual deposits subject to check $69,086.97; demand certificates of deposit $48,693.35. The first officers were Adam Innes, president ; Geo. B. Guernsey, cashier. The present officers are Daniel Innes, president; Geo. B. Guernsey, cashier. The directors are A. D. Foss, Geo. E. Bullock, Jno. A. Innes. Churches. — There are five churches in Canton : Methodist Episcopal, Baptist, Presbyterian, Disciple and Catholic. Union Agricultural Association was organized August 24, 1880. HISTORY OF BRADFOUD COUNTY. 453 The first officers were: J. Whitehead. P.; Cyrus Taber, V. P.; II. Cathin, Sec; W. M. Watts, Treas.; capital stock $5,000; purchased twenty-one acres of hind of George J. Goff, situated on Towanda road, one mile east of the borough, and proceeded to erect the necessary buildings and lav out a one-half mile tract, which is one of the best in the county. The first fair was held in October, 1881, and lasted three davs. It now holds in September and lasts four days. They have plentv of good spring water on the grounds, and everything is in good condition. The present officers are: J. H. Brown, P.; F. A. Owen, V. P.; G. A. Guernsey, Treas.; Mr. Derrah, Sec. Farmers' Institute was organized in 1889, and had their first annual meeting in 18!)0. It has had help from the State Board of Agricul- ture, and is altogether a thriving association. Its secretary is Charles I). Derrah. CHAPTER XXXI. COLUMBIA TOAVNSIIIP— SYLVANIA BOROUGH. IN the vear 1705 Nathaniel and John Ballard (twins), born in Far mington, Mass., December 27, 1777, came up Sugar creek from Burlington, and, taking the left-hand branch of the creek, which runs through the Porter farms, followed to the source near the foot of Bailey Hill. They took up the farm owned eventually by James H. Nash, and commenced a fallow where Nash made his orchard. This was tlie first settlement in Columbia township. The young men were eighteen years old when they arrived, and had started from Burling- ton, where they had been a short time as exploi-ers, and came carrying on their backs their small stocks of provisions and worldly possessions. Their only weapons or implements were the axes they carried in their hands. The country was so densely timbered the only way they could keep from becoming wholly lost was to keep near the stream. There were no marked trees to guide them, and it is highly probable they were the first white men that ever looked upon this part of the world. They afterward told of meeting two panthers that seemed disposed to stop them ; they parleyed and tried several ways to frighten off the beasts in vain, and finally each cut a sturdy club that they could handle better than axes, and then they made a determined rush and the panthers fled. When they got to where was afterward Long's mill, they suddenly came upon several bears digging roots — not a great distance from where they encountered the panthers. They charged these with their clubs and scattered them easily. When near the foot of Bailey Hill their ears were dinned with the most hideous screams of another ])anther ; it was soon visible, and seemed furious at their approach. They concluded it must have young near, and finally they, in charging it, struck a pile of leaves, and, scattering tbera somewhat, they found a deer the panther was guarding. They 454 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. left the beast to his feast and returned a short distance and commenced chopping. After laboring a week their provisions were exhausted, and they returned to Burlington for more, and on their return brought their rifles, having learned the necessity of these. On their way up they killed two panthers. It seems they were to have one hundred and fifty acres and a bonus of ten dollars each if they cleared two acres each, but tlie place was so far from their base of sup- plies that they finally concluded to sell their claims; and their posterity reported that the pay they got was "a black dog and a piece of a black hog." They returned to Burlington and settled, but on their premises was a rattle-snake den, that for a while nearly made life a l)urden ; they killed seventy -five snakes one afternoon. (These men it should be remembered Avere teetotalers.) Nathaniel Ballard mar- ried Susan Dobbins, January 27, 1709, the ceremony being performed by William Jayne, of Burlington. He died at John Ballard's in Burlington in 1859. From reliable tradition it is learned that soon after the Ballards came to Columbia — the same year — a man named Doty arrived'with his family, and built the first log house in the town- ship on the Scouten farm. What became of this family is not known. Among the early and prominent names are those of Oliver Tinkham, Stephen Palmer, Chapman Morgan, Charles Keyes, Maj. Isaac Strait, Philip Slade, Hon. Myron Ballard and Joel Stevens. Cabot Township. — In 1799 Nathaniel Morgan purchased of the Con- necticut Company sixteen thousand acres of land, and came on at once and surveyed out a township which he called "Cabot." from which came the name of " Cabot Hollow," afterward called "Morgan Hollow" and finalU'' "Austinville." He commenced his survey from the southeast corner of his township, on the top of the hill south of Mial Watkins' house. Two sets of surveyors started from this point, one going north and the other west; they went on Pickle Hill, and they were to meet at the northwest corner of the township. Mr. Morgan built a cabin, planted potatoes, dug and buried them in the fall, and returned to Connecticut. In March following he came and brought his family, and acctmipanied by five of his neighbors, to each of whom he gave fifty acres of land. These were: David Watkins, Oliver Canfield, Silas Patterson, Lamphierand Soper. The proprietor moved into the house he had built the previous year, afterward the farm of his son Chapman Morgan. David Watkins built on the land that became the farm of his son Mial ; his cabin had a back roof and no fioor, and here his daughter Laura (Mrs. Philip Slade) was born in 1801, and cradled in a sap trough — the first birth in the township. The next birth was Herman Soper — the first white male child. Mor- gan's purchase was decided worthless and his land taken from him by Pennsylvania, and lie was ruined financiall}^, and had to repurchase any land that he might get. Without this calamity it would seem that the prospect was dreary enough when Morgan came here in the spring of 1800; what a dense and eternal wilderness sui-rounded him on all sides — not a path, not a mark of civilization anywhere I The people came, following the blazed trees they had marked when they went away the fall before. When HISTORY OF BRAOFOKl) COUNTV. 455 they finally reached the lonel}' cal)in, they found the door ajar, and the skeleton of a deer hanging- from a beam; hunters had killed a venison, and hung it up there, and the ravenous beasts had forced open the door and picked the bones clean. An old man has described to the writer what he had been told by David Watkins when he landed here with Morgan. His total possessions were a wife, an ax, and $7.50 in cash. But all went to work, and soon each family had a cabin — generally back roof, and no lloor ; but some made flooi'ing of split basswood — of course no "lights'' in the windows — this was what they made doors of; wooden pins were used for nails, huge stone fireplaces were made in one end of the cabin, outside the walls. Fuel and water were the only two things of which there was no scarcity ; a cord of wood, if the cabin was tolerably well "chinked," would keep a family tolerablv comfortable during even a cold night. In 1804 David Palmer came from Burlington and settled on the Scouten farm; he purcliased the possession of Ebenezer Baldwin, who had })urchased of Doty. When Mr. Palmer moved into his house it had been some time unoccupied ; sprouts had grown up between the basswood cracks as high as the beams overhead, and he had to have a "clearin"' before he could move in. Shortly after this, Abraham Weast made a possession on what became William Moshier's farm, but about 1807 he sold to a man named Sprague. This Weast was a noted chopper and hunter, but as smart a woodsman as he was, he once attempted to go to Mill creek, but became lost and wandered in the woods three days, and having no gun he nearly perished ; on the even- ing of the third day he suddenly found a turnip patch, and fell to eating the turnips ; fortunately the owner discovered him, and took him to his house, and judiciously fed him on venison soup and brought him around. In 1807 Calvin Tinkham came from Vermont, and Charles Keyes from Burlington ; Keyes was a hatter, which trade he followed for years, and died in the winter of 1856 ; Mr. Tinkham and his wife (Theodosia Thomas) lived happily to a great age ; they were married in 1810, celebrated their golden wedding; and at that time (1860) were the oldest couple in the county ; he was aged eighty-four, and Mrs. Tinkham was entirely blind. In 1808 Carter Havens and famih^ came and settled on the hill, a mile north of Austinville — a numerous family, there being twenty-two children, enough to fill pretty full an ordinary pioneer cabin. John Bixby came in 1808, and cleared the farm on which he lived and died, in October, 1866, aged ninety. In clearing about his cabin there accidently fell a tree that bore down one end of the cabin and made quite a wreck of it; but this was repaii-ed and the work went on. In 1806 ilurlbut and Murray Ballard built a sawmill where was afterward the Waldo mill, and this furnished the people the first sawed lumber in the township. Charles Keyes put up the first frame house in Austinville, in 1808, near Harry Smith's. David AVilson kept the first store— ])rincii)ally for the sale of whisky and tobacco. An old- timer assures us that he was told many years ago that [)reachers and doctors were scarce antl whisky and tobacco far more plentiful, and 456 HISTOKY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. yet both the health and morals of the people were elegant. The first death was that of a 3^oung child of Capt. Chapin, sometime previous to 1810 ; the second burial was that of a Mr. Wright. The first preacher was Elder Rich, a Baptist ; Elder Simon Powers succeeded him and subsequently Elder Rich, Jr., succeeded him (the latter was a one-legged man and preached sitting). The first settlers had to go to John Shepard's mill, at Milltown, now Sayre, to get their bread, and the way they went was for a man to take a bushel on his back, and trudge over the long way, through the unbroken wilderness twenty miles. About the year 1806 Mr. Eowley built a small log gristmill near the site of Long's mill. This was hailed as the geatest improvement ever made in the country. Nathaniel Merritt came from Vermont in 1807, and settled on the James McKean farm ; one of his five sons was Curtis, who lived to be an old man in Sylvania. When he was a lad, the family made maple sugar, and he would take a lot of this on horse-back to Chemung Flats and exchange this for pork — pound for pound. At that time there was not a house between Springfield Centre and Bentley creek, and he would travel a bridle path. When Merritt came, Samuel Baldwin lived on the Smead farm, and Ephraim Cleveland on the John Calkins farm. In 1808 Deacon Asa Howe settled near Helen Budd's, and the place became Flowe Hollow. Comfort Peters settled on the Pettibone farm, same year, and next year (1809). Sheldon Gibbs came to the neighbor- hood. The two last men were basket-makers, and would peddle their wares for miles around, even going as far as Oswego after they were enabled to have a sled to haul them in, from which circumstance the road on which they lived was called "Basket street," and it retains the name to this day ;" it leads from C. H. Ballard's to Austinville. It is said on'^jDretty good authority that Moses Taylor was the first settler, but it can not be learned the exact year he came. It was between 1800 and 1803. He came from Tioga Point (Athens) and settled on the Monroe farm^built a double log house, farmed and kept a hotel. His main customers at first were the agents of the Drinker lands. Taylor's son Charles was born August 21:, 1773, and was a young man when the family came; after his father retired he kept the log house tavern sometime, and was a prosperous citizen as was his father before him. He married Miranda Canfield, December 29, 1807, and they had twelve children. One of the sons, Alanson, lived on the old homestead, and with him was his mother when she was nearly ninety years old. Mrs. Taylor's father, Canfield, came from Spencer county, N. Y., in 1800. Every family made their own clothing, "home markets" as it were, and the girl that could card, spin and weave the best was the first choice always in the matrimo- nial market, and the girl made her own dower — a chestfull of linen, and a pillow case full of stockings. The wool was carried often on a man's back to Factoryville, and carded, and when spun and woven at home was taken back to be dressed or finished, and the proudest groom in the land was satisfied with such a suit. Moses Taylor, principally, caused a log school-house to l)e built soon, the first in this section, and on the spot where Alanson Taylor's residence afterward stood, and ex :v HISTORY OF BRADFOKI) COUNTY. 459 here such men as Cliapnian and James Morgan got all their " book larnin." Moses Tavlor died February 12, 1824, and Charles Taylor died December 3, 1837. Snedeherville. — The ]:)rinciiml concern here is Snedeker's mills. Snedeker is a station on the Northern Central Kailroad. Austinville has a sawmill belonging to Warren Smith. Columhia Cross Roads is a station on the Northern Central Rail- road ; has two stores, one blacksmith-shop, one hotel and a church. SYLVANIA BOROUGH. The borough of Sylvania was organized in 1852. Is but a small hamlet, and since the lumbering has declined is not considered of great importance. CHAPTER XXXII. FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP. BURR RIDGEWAY was one of the first settlers of Franklin town- ship. His name will remain with us while the civil division of Bradford county lasts. He was the first county commissioner of the county, and the second editor and publisher of the first newspaper. The Bradford Gazette. He was living in Franklin township as late as 1867, a very old man, with his son, David Ridgeway. Other names of the early settlers were William Spalding, Gilbert Gay, William B. French, Allen Rockwell, Nathan Wilcox and Major Dodge. Mr. A. S. Hooker in his paper, the Xorthevn Tier-Gazette, of July 18, 1867, publishes a most interesting letter from "one of Bradford county's oldest inhabitants " — Burr Ridgeway — from which we make interesting extracts : "I am now in my eighty-eighth year, and have been a resident within the boundaries of Bradford county since 1803 ; first in Wysox, and when the county was organized removed to ToAvanda, which then contained three log huts and two small buildings, except what was called ' Mean's Red Tavern,' built the year before. I was elected the firstcounty commissioner, was acquaintetl with almost everybody in the county, but have neglected to make notes of them. I was three years deputy prothonotary under C. F. Wells, and thi-ee years under Governor liilster, and over thirty years an active justic(; of the peace, first by appointment and then W election. I published a paper, but not being a printer myself, and political differences springing up between Gen. McKean and Wells, made the paper unpro- ductive, and I abandoned it. * " * We have a person in our neighborhood, Timothy H. Lewis, widely known as ' Harry Lewis,' who never forgot anything. J will try and see him and get him to refresh my mind of those old times.'' In a postscript he' adds : "I established the first post routes in Bradford county, except that up and down the river carried by Mr. Teetor, the one from Towanda to 460 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTT. Canton by Job Irish, Jr., son of the celebrated Job Irish, of much law memory ; the one from Towanda through Burlington to Canoe Place, in Tioga county, and then back to Bradford, through Columbia, Springfield, Smithfield to Athens by my sons, on the east side of the river I had many riders." Burr Ridgeway died at his son's, James D. Ilidgeway, Augnst 19, 1876, aged ninety-seven 3'ears ; his wife had died June 8, 1858, uged seventy-nine years, and side by side they peace- fully sleep in Franklindale Cemetery. Barclay formed a portion of this township until 1867. Towanda creek passes centrally through it, receiving several small tributaries. David and Stephen Alien were the first settlers, in 1795, at what is now known as Franklindale. The next season their brother Daniel Allen settled further up the creek at West Franklin. Benja- man Stone came in 1800. . Daniel Wilcox, or as is sometimes said "N^athan'" Wilcox came, it is supposed, before the Aliens, and settled on the place called " Preacher brook." Elder Thomas Smiley, at a very early date, improved the Dorson Stone farm, afterward owned by Clay Fairchilds. - — John Knapp, William Damer and the Spaldings came as early as 1799, and afterward came Samuel Wilcox, Absalom and Ezekiel Carr, Widow Lattimore, William Blaincher, Ahran Cook, Daniel Stone, Truman Ilolcomb, Gilbert Gay, William B. French, Allen Rockwell, N^athan Wilcox, and Maj. Oliver Williams Dodge. The Spaldings were three brothers: Horace, William D. and Noah. The two latter bought the mill property, at Franklindale. There were three of the Lattimores ; Stephen, Peter, and Elizabeth, latter of whom married David Smiley. . Alphens Ilolcomb came to the township in 1832, and settled near the Ridgeways. He had formerly liv^ed in LeRoy. FranTdindale is the principal village, sitnated on the Towanda creek, has a general store, a gristmill, sawmill and hotel. West FranTi- lin is in the west part of the township on the Towanda road ; it con- tains two churches, one hotel, one general store, and several smaller shops. CHAPTER XXXIII. GRANVILLE TOWNSHIP. DURING the winter of 1798-99 Jeremiah Taylor, with his family, left his native Berkshire, Mass.. home, and with a Connecticut title to a piece of land in what is Bradford county came and first stopped in what is now West Burlington, where he stayed one season, and in a way worked a piece of land, afterward Amasa Greeno's. While here, he put in his odd time in clearing and preparing his future farm home. In March, 1800, he raoved to his place with a joke of HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 4(U oxen and a sled, a distance of about four miles to Towanda creek, now Leroy township. Their only neighbor was Lewis Moffit, who came the same year and settled about a mile west, up the main stream on the Harrison Ross farm. .• The next arrival, in 1801, was Scovil Bailey, who was down the stream_soine fifty rods, on the Lume D. Taylor farm, lie was a carpenter and a noted hunter. . Then came David Bailey and his father and mother, who settled east on the Robert Bailey farm. Then came Ezra Bailey, who settled between Scovil Bailey and David Baile}^ on the Elam A. Bailey farm. Then came Thonias Bailey, who settled north of them on the John Vrooman farm ; then Uriah Baxter, on the Benjamin Baldwin farm. The first white child born in the settlement was Sylvester Taylor, third son of Jeremiah Taylor, the latter of whom died Se}itember 17, 1827. Sylvester lived to be an old man oji the old farm at Granville Centre. The first death was that of Mrs. Lewis Moffit, who was buried on the old Crofut farm on Towanda creek. The first wedding was that of Hugh Holcomb (the first settler in Leroy township) with Prudence Bailey, daughter of Oliver Bailey. One of Holcomb's sons was Hon. Judson Holcomb, of Towanda. The first school was taught in the summer of 1807 by Miss Delight Spalding. The patrons of this school were Jeremiah Taylor, Benjamin Saxton, Scovil Bailey, Ezra Bailey, David Bailey, Thomas Bailev, Uriah Baxter and Oliver Nelson. The last and Benjamin Saxton came that year. There were fifteen pupils in the school, embracing a terri- tory of about three miles square. Lewis Moffit left, and Ijenjamin Saxton settled on his ])lace. The latter, who was the first blacksmith, soon built his shop and went to work. Kelson settled on the John Vrooman farm. This was the total for Granville for some years — all were old New England acquaintances. From 1807 there were but few additions to the settlement, but about this time a change was made in the road from Sugar creek to Towanda creek; commencing from near the present road from West Burlington to Granville and Le Roy, which crossed Sugar creek at Goddard's sawmill (the gristmill was added several \'ears after); the road then ran further up the hill south and fur-ther north on the side of the hill, and intersected the present road near George Shattuck's, then continued near the same to Bailey's, and then crossed the North branch and ran south near the present road until it intersected the " Taylor road," about a mile from Towanda creek. The first religious wave struck Granville in 1805, when Jeremiah Taylor and wife joined the Baptist Church on Towanda creek. Under Elder Thomas Smile}' a church was built on this creek. It was this Elder Smiley that was visited at night, and tarred and feathered by the Connecticut land claimants. They took him away from his house and greatly maltreated him. Of this circumstance a contemporary account sa3's: "The men came fi'om the north country" (tliis i)robably means Athens or Tioga Point), " rode fast horses and had fiei'ce counte- nances." About 1810 the Methodists had preaching appointments in this section, and did organize a society in the settlement, and had two 463 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. revival meetings, and showed some activity until 1856, when it all ceased. The next year, 1811, a road was opened from Towanda creek (now West Franklin) to Irad Wilson's, near Alba borough — eleven miles. On this road the settlers began to build and remove from the first houses along the stream. During this year new comers arrived, among others, Philip Packard, Abraham Parkhurstand Charles Butter- field; Packard settled the farm afterward Joseph Pratt's, Parkhurstat Bailey's old place, and Scovil Bailey where David Bailey had settled. During the years 1812-15 a draft was ordered in the State, and Ezra Bailey was drafted from his township ; he went to headquarters, but was soon allowed to return home again, discharged. In the winter of 1814-15 an epidemic prevailed in the settlement, and Abraham Parkhurst and his two sons, Luther and Asa, died. Mr. Parkhurst had believed in his ability to hold converse with departed friends, which was the earliest case of spiritualism in the county, no doubt. In 1816 there was the severe frost, in August, that in all parts of the county destroyed corn, and a famine among the people was threatened. A sniall supply was had by going to Lycoming creek — then called Egypt. The first frame barn was built in Granvi'lle in 1815, by Jeremiah Taylor; the first frame dwelling, in 1819, by Jeremiah Taylor, Jr.. and the next year the latter built a small gristmill, which could grind only a little corn. In this some time afterward a turning-lathe was erected, and a chair-wheel factory was cai-ried on for some time by IS^athaniel Phelps. Afterward Jeremiah Taylor, Jr.. built a saw and grist mill which did a good business until the early "sixties." There was quite an influx of settlers in 1817, among others being John Putnam, Alvord Churchill, John Pratt, Josiah Yrooman and David Ross. About this time a new settlement commenced about three miles from '• Centre " on what was called the " Windfall,'' where the timber had been blown down by a hurricane and then burned over, it is sup- posed bv hunters. The first here were Abijah Ayers, Zoroaster Porter, Mr. Avery, Packard, Clark, Chesley, Shoemaker and Ferguson. These people soon erected a log school and church house in one, and Elders Pentacost, Sweet and Asa Dodge preached therein, and in a few years these people erected the "Union Meeting House," where five or six denominations held meetings. In 1828, through the exertions of Gen. Samuel McKean, then a member of Congress from this district, a mail route was established through this settlement from East Burlington to Alba, pony mail, once a week, and in 1829 a postoffice was established in the settlement, called " North Branch." At the February court, 1831, Granville was set off from parts of Canton, Troy, Burlington and Franklin. Tliis was hotly o|)i)osed by many good people; however, it prevailed, and the name of the post- office was at once changed to Granville. The township is eight miles long, east and west, four and three-ciuarter miles in width on the west, and three and a half miles on the east. HISTORY OF BUADFOUI) COUNTY. -iiWi A Disciple Church was organized in 1832, called "Disciples of Christ/'' through the efforts of Dr. Sihis E. Sliepherd, of Troy. This church gi-e\v in a few years to a congregation of 120; when tlirough dissensions it ceased. It was revived, liowever, in 1862, and regained its former' vigor. The first pubHchouse was opened in 1849 by Levi Taylor, and about the same time B. F. and L. D. Taylor opened the first store in the township. In 1852 public-houses for the sale of liquor were all closed by the vigorous action of the " Sons of Temperance," then first organized. In 1852, on the building of the Elmira S: WiJliamsport Kaiiroad, " Summit depot" and postolfice were established — called "Summit," because it is the highest place on the road. At this time Albert and Wilson Nichols came from New York and bought larg-e tracts of land, and erected a large steam sawmill. In 1856 a large and commodious church was built at Granville Centre, dedicated as a " (Jhristian Church," and had a bell on it to ring out to the good people " Come, let us worship God! " In a few years two other churches were erected in the western Dart of the townshij) — a Disciple Ciiurch and a Free Will Baptist Church. A large tannery was built at Centre ; the builder failed, and it was purchased by C. G. E. Martin, who successfully operated it until his death, November 14, 1862. In 18<;5 it was i)urchased by Adam Innes. In 1865 a postofiice with a daily mail was established at Granville Centre, daily, except Sunday. The Innes tanneries at this place. Can- ton and Grover, were among the most important and fiourishing in the county. (xraihvlUe Centre is near the center of the township, and once had considerable trade. Graiirllle Summit is a station on the railroad in the northwest earner of the township. CHAPTER XXXIV. HERRICK TOWNSHIP. THIS township was organized in December, 1837, and was named in honor of Judge Edward Ilerrick. In it are the little hamlets of Herrick, Ballibay, Birney and Herrickville. Zopher- Piatt and his son, Nathaniel, settled in East Ilerrick about 1813. . The next settler was Fred us Keed, who came with his wife, who was a (hiughter of Asa Mattson. He was a dish-turner by trade, and came to Ilerrick and ])ut up his lathe in the year 1811. " . Asa Mattson, with his family, came in 1813. His wife was a tailoress, and cut and made garments for the people around. ... A man named Townsend built the third house in the township, in 1816, east of Herrickville. The same year a blacksmith, named Haywood, set- 464 HISTOUV OK BRADFOIU) COUNTY. tied near Townsend. . Elihu Buttles, a Methodist preacher and dish-turner, came in 1818. He wrote back to his old home and induced Isaac Park to come. The latter was a tanner and learned his trade with the Bolleses, a numerous family in Herrick township. The first clearing in the forest between Park's place and Camp- town, was made on the Hiram Camp farm, by Mr. Park and Robert De Pue in 1821. . James Hines came in 1818 and settled on the Widow Piatt farm. . Calvin Stone came in 1820 and settled on the W. W. Haywood farm. . In 1825 Reuben Atwood set- tled in East Herrick. . In 1822 Charles Squires settled on the farm now occupied by his son, Penbroke S. . The same year Isaac Camp built a sawmill and house, whither he moved his family in 1825. . Albert Camp settled near his father, and Lacy Camp made a small improvement where is now the Crawford farm. Deacon Charles Stevens, Mica.jah Slocum, Ezekiel Mintz, Daniel Durran, Adam Overpeck came in 1824. . Nathan B. Whitman came in 1828, and settled on the Ephraim Piatt farm. Balllbay Settlement was begun in 1826, and the earl}^ settlers were William Nesbit, Nathaniel JSTesbit, Alexander Dougherty, James Lee, James Wood, WilHam Hillis and Richard Hillis. They were all natives of Ballybay, Ireland. The first white child born here is supposed to have been one of Charles Squires', . The first death, was that of Daniel Durran, and the first wedding was that of Mathew Wilding and Lydia M. Camp, in 1829. . The first school was taught in the first school- house, built in 1829. . The Baptists had the first religious services, at the house of Mr. Durran. HerricTcville. — The first merchant here was L. II. Bronson, in 1847. The place has two stores, a planing mill, built in the ''fifties," and a Union church building. Hon. George Landon is among the early settlers of Plerrick. He came, a Methodist preacher from Boston, where from much pulpit and rostrum talking his throat had given out, and he was compelled to flee from the city and go west, coming to Herrick for a short visit to a relative; this resulted in his purchasing the farm, where he has since lived. This man started in life a poor boy, and by his own efforts forged his way through college and, until his voice failed him, was rapidly extending his fame as a lecturer and orator. He settled on his farm and labored afield, regained his health, and in the exciting times of war he was called upon often to address the people on the current topics of the day. He was twice elected to the State Senate, and for some years his reputation as a popular orator brought him to the front rank of the most eminent men of the Commonwealth. It is little or no disparagement to the living eminent men of the county when the writer asserts that he regards Mr. Landon as one of the strongest and brightest men, intellectually, he has met in this part of the State. HiSTOKi'' OF IJRADFOKI) OOUNI'Y. 4G5 CHAPTER XXXV. LEROY TOWNSHIP. CG. OAKLEY is reported to have settled in LeRoy about the year 1800, on Towanda creek, at what is called LeKoy cornei-s. He is regarded as the first settler, thougli this is not very positive. The brothers Hugh and Sterling Holcomb it is known came about the same time, and some say they were before Oakley ; they came from old Sheshequin, as Ulsler was then called, and also settled near the corners on what has always been known as the " Holcomb farms/' In 1850, the following is authentically given as the settlements in LeRoy : At the east end of tlie township, William Cole, Isaac and David Wooster, Isaac Chaapel and Seeley Crofut, George Head, Jesse Morse, Hugh Holcomb, Sterling Holcomb, Ste))hen Wilcox, Mr. Granger, Joseph Wallis, Daniel Ingram, William Hinman, William Hays, Mr. Cobb, Mr. Knight, Mr. Segar and David Andrus. This constitutes a full list of the first settlers, and the particular locations of the original arrivals can be generally fixed by the residences of their descendants. It is said the first school was taught in the house of Sterling Holcomb, but just who the first teacher was is not known. Elder Thomas Smiley was chiefly instrumental in organizing the first church. He lived near where is now the Baptist Church. Elder Smiley soon after left the county; he was a vigorous Baptist preacher. Among other names associated with this church are those of Elder N. H. Ripley and Levi Baldwin. LeRoy was set oft' from Canton and Franklin townships, and first elections were at LeRoy Corners, embracing about eight miles in length; the division line ran near Davis Van Dyke's. In 1812 Hugh Holcomb built the first sawmill on the small stream at LeRoy Corners. About 1840 the same man built a grist and saw mill on the main stream. In 1810 the Disciple Church was organized at the Corners by members of the church from Granville Centre, and in 1851 they erected their house of worship, naming it '• Christian Church," ami in the course of time put a bell on it. In 1855 the Baptists built their church at LeRoy Corners.and shortly after this the Methodists built theirchurch in the western part of the township. . Soon after this a public- house for the sale of liquor was o[)ene(l at LeRoy Corners b}^ P. Morse. . The first store was by Samuel Bailey, and thus the Corners became the leading and most active village or hamlet, rather, in the township. 1867 " Gazeteer " writing to the Northern Tier-Gazette, of Troy, says : " It has become a matter of notoriety that mountainous western Bradford has become noted for its quantity and quality of butter, as well as the productions of its soil, and our hills and valleys are being prospected by men having ample means." It is needless to say, at 4G() HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. this day, that this industry is still prosperous, and Bradford county butter has wide and merited reputation. In 1818 a settlement was commenced on the south side of Towanda creek, and among the settlers were Alpheus Holcomb, Buckley Chaapel, Eli Holcomb, Isaac Parkhurst, Ansel Tillotson, Samuel Hoagiand, Benjamin Stone, Orison Royce, Thomas Harris, Isaac Wil- cox, Amos Bennett and Esau Bagley. In 1823 a road was opened, commencing near Nathan Tabor's in Canton township; and running on the south side of Towanda creek to W. B. Spalding's, in Franklinlownship. It was surveyed by Howard Spalding, of Trov. On this road, nearly opposite LeRoy Corners, Eli Holcomb built a' log gristmill, in 1823, on a small stream having its head in a large swamp of about forty acres on Towanda mountain. He built a dam at the outlet of this lake, about sixteen feet high. This log building was torn away, and he built a frame in its place with two run of stone. In the year 1848 the Millerites had preached the sure coming of the end of "the workl ; some believed, sonie shrugged their shoulders, while others laughed outright at the nonsense. But one dark and dis- mal night, after it had rained and rained for days, and the sun had quit shining, and at the hour of night when graveyards are wont to yawn, the inhabitants in the vicinity of the mill ^vere startled from their slumbers by an awful rumbling, roaring and quaking — the brav- est said " hurricane ! " some said " earthquake ! " and others said, " put on your ascension robes." Some got up and hurriedly dressed, others fled to their storm cellars, and others thought just as well to die in bed. But after matters had quieted a little, the boldest ventured to see what was up, and they found the dam had given way, and the waters were pouring down the mountain side, candying all before them; great rocks and trees were carried headlong in the awful rush of waters. The foundations of the mill were washed out, the building swung around, and was W'helmed in the stream, some cattle and prop- erty were lost, but no human lives. The mill and dam were rebuilt. . . . In 1856 Mr. Mott built his tannery near the mill. LeRoy is the principal village"^ in the township, and has two large country stores, two small concerns, and a church.' It is on the Towanda and Canton road. HISTORY OK l!HA DKOKK (.'OITNTY. 4i'o\vn and others at Greenwood. It is stated that, "as early as 1787 he came on and had liis hmd surveyed and made arrangements preparatory to settlement. Undertaking to swim ahorse across the river at tlie mouth of Towanda creek, he was drowned in Bowman's eddy. . Timothy Alden came to Monroe in 1800. He was a blacksmith, and worked ;it his trade for some time after coming into Monroe. In 1827 he built the stone house yet standing on the place where he settled. The Korthrups came to Monroe before the year 1800, and Xehe- miah was a property owner in Athens at or before the year 1795. John and James, like Bijah, were " watermen,"' and employes of the Meanses for some years before becoming land owners. . Henry Salis- burv was a soldier in tlieEevolutionary AVar, and lost liis right arm, with a wound in his left hand, at the sui-render of Cornwallis. He migrated when his son Henry was seventeen years old, which would make his adv^ent into Monroe in the year 1797. His purchase included the land held b}^ the Coles, and his house, the largest in the neighborhood, stood near the ])ublic road between Samuel Cole's and the watering- trough. John Schrader came to Greenwood and settled where the tannery now is, soon after Dougherty, ])erliaj>s as early as 1801-2. Daniel lleverl\% a native of Lehigh county, came to Greenwood m 180G, and remained there until 1810, when he and his sons moved into Overton, being the first settlers there. . James Lewis came to Mon- roe prior to 1806, and settled the Shultz place. . Reed Brockaway was an inhabitant of the township for a short time, as early as 1800. Abner C. Rockwell, a native of East Windsor, Conn., born May 4, 1783, migrated to Monroe not far from the year 1800. , James Law- rence, born February 15, 1814, was associated with Wm. H. IL Brown in the mercantile business at Monroeton for about twenty years. After the dissolution of the firm he purchased Park's mills, now Rockwell Bridge mills, which he operated until the time of his death— Novem- ber 2J, 1875. . Rev. Elisha Cole, born August 15. 1709, came to Mon- roe in about 1810-11. Jared Woodruff, born August 14, 1789, made a trip to the A\^est a-foot and alone in 1812 or '13. With no ])articulai' point in view he drifted into Monroe, and after having lived there for a short time, a brother, Urial, came in, and they purchased the improve- ments which had been made by John Northrup. Timothy Alden came from Otis, ]>ejkshire Co., Mass., to Moni-oe in 1801. . . Andrew Irving settled in Monroe as early as 1812, and induced his brother George to come also from Northampton county, their former home. Andrew was a tanner, and had a tannery in the town. Soon after Andrew and George came, their brother, Welch Irving also came. . . Noadiah Cranmer came to Monroe from Sussex count}', N. J., at an ear'h' day. He owned the property where the village stands, and up as far as Mason's ]\rills. His sons, John and Samuel, had log houses and improvements. The fathei- was an old man of about eighty years when he came into the country, and he lived alone. He was the ancestor of a large and important family in 470 HiSTOKY OF lUIADFORl) COUJ^TY. the township, who have been identified with its history and interested in its progress from the beginning. Peter Edsall came in before 1800, and lived next above Mr. Cranmer. The Tabors were in the town in 1800, and lived on the old Scott place. . . Mrs. Pladnor lived on the property owned by Joseph Hornet, in Monroeton, the house being near Mr. Brown's, in 1800. The father of Nelson Gilbert moved up the creek m 1813, and lived in one end of a double log house, the other being occu|)ied by William Dougherty. . . John Schrader was a Hessian soldier, who was one of thirty who deserted the British army at the battle of Trenton, joined the American ranks, and remained in the service until the close of the war. Then lived for a time at Milton, Northumberland count V, and finally settled on the lower end of the flats just below Greenwood, where he died at an advanced age. . James Lewis settled above Schrader's. He had been a captive to the Indians in the last French-Indian war, being then twelve years of age. After the conclusion of peace he Avas retui-ned to his parents. He first settled in Wysox, where he owned land on the Little Wysox, and built what were afterward known as Hinman's mills, he having sold to John Hinraan, Dec. 13, 1793, and moved into Monroe, his house standing nearly on the site of the present Greenwood cottage. Amos y. Matthews was among the early settlers on the Schrader branch. Vincent A. Matthews built a tavern in what is known as Northrup Hollow, on the farm now occupied by Nathan Northrup. Henry Salisbury was an early settler in the lower part of the toAvnship, on the farm now occupied by Salisbury Cole. . Elijah Head moved out on pack-horses, and settled on what was afterward known as the Daniel Bowman place. . Jared Woodruff was early in Monroe, and a pioneer on the hill east of the village. John D. Sanders, a native of Maryland, came to Monroe in about 1802-3, and settled the Ridge way place. . Daniel Gilbert set- tled at Greenwood in 1812 or *13] He was a son of Samuel Gil- bert, a native of Connecticut, who migrated to Pennsylvania in about 1790. . William French, or '' Bill French," as he was more com- monlv known, came in from the East as early as 1813, and settled on the hills above Monroeton, near the Franklin line. . The Hewitts were lumbermen. They came to Monroe before 1813, and had a mill in operation at Masontown for several years, and did quite an extensive business. . Thomas Cox was an early settler, and for a time he lived within the limits of Monroeton, then moved to the hills back of the village, in Towanda tow^nship, where he died. He married Susan, daughter of Usual Carter. U. M. Cox and Mrs. Nathan Northrup are children, and reside in the township. Charles Brown came to the township and settled the Philo Mingos place, before 1813. . Edsall Carr was an inhabitant of Monroe in 1813. . Job Irish was an early settler. . George Arnout came in 1816, and purchased with his son, Jacob, the farm generally known as the '• Salisbury place." . Simeon Bristol, or " Uncle Sim Bristol," as he was familiarly called, was among the more interesting char- acters of Monroe, not far from 1818. HISTORY OF rUJADI-ORD COUNTY. 471 Among the names of those containecl in the first assessment of Monroe (1821) are tlie following : James Crooks, William Day, Abra- ham Hess, John and Norman Stone, Solomon Tallady, Daniel Lyon. Libeus Marcy, a native of Connecticut, migrated to Monroe in 1822. . Thomas Lewis, or " Uncle Tommy Lewis," as he was more generally known, a native of Lebanon county, J*a.,came to Monroe in 1822 from McKunesville. . Dr. lienoni ]\randeville, a native of Granby. Mass., came to Bradford county in 1813, at first settling in Orwell township, where he practiced liis profession, and preached for a rime. In 1822 he came to Monroe, and purchased what is now the W. W. Decker property. Elizer Sweet, a native of Khode Island, born July 9, 1778, found his way into Pennsylvania not far from the year 18(»0. In 1825, the following were assessed in Monroe: Adam Beam, Samuel Campbell, Marcus Campbell, Sherman Havens and William Cox; in 1820, William Black, clothier and spinner; in 1827, Joseph Ingham and John Black, both clothiers; in 1828, Orrin Galpin ;-in 1829, Gashun Harris, George A. McClen ; in 1830, Clark Cummings, Moses Coolbaugh, Jose})h Griggs, Elisha Harris, John E. Ingham (physician); in 1831, Fisher and Wilson, mei'chants; in 1832, Francis Bull, John Gale, Harrison A: Warford (merchants) ; in 1833, Thos. T. Smiley; in 1831:, Joab Summers, John Campbell (miller), D. M. Bull ; in 1835. Nicholas Wanck, Jeremiah IloUon, Elijah Ilorton ; in 1838, James Blauvelt and Coonrad Mingos. Joseph Griggs, a native of Windham, Conn., came to the township in 1830. . Dr. John Ellicott Ingham, whose father was one of the first settlers in Sugar Ilun, after having graduated in medicine, located at Monroe in 1830. . John Gale, a native of Orange county, N. Y., and grandson of Selah Arnout, became a permanent resident in the town in 1832. . Joah Summers settled at Liberty Corners in 1834. Liberty Corners has one store and a postoffice. The place was formerly called " Llollon Hill." JSIorthrup Holloii was named after Nathan Northrup — the name also of a beautiful valley in Monroe. Weston is a station on the railroad, made notable by the coal-oil excitement of 1884, when a conij^any was formed, and a well put down 1,805 feet; they found sand, rock and greasy odors, but no oil, Masontown is really a continuation of Monroeton along the high- way. Here are the Salisbury Mills. Greenioood is two miles, on the Canton road, beyond Monroeton. The Barclay road passes through it. It was platted by E. T. Park in 1884, on the old Higby place, and has 327 acres in the plat; 35 acres were sold out in lots. Adjoining this plat is a portion of the villnge and the hotel. In 1800 William Dougherty kept a house of entertain- ment here ; sold to Jacob Bowman, wlio in turn sold to David Gilbert. Greenwood Tannery^ by Tlioinas P]. Procter and ,Ionathan Hill. They have seventy-five acres of ground connected with the plant, own 15,000 acres of timber land in Bradford and Sullivan counties, also contracts for the bark on 11,000 acres at the Foot of Plane, and have 10,000 cords of bark on band. There is but one larger plant of the 472 HISTORY OF BEADFOKD COUNTY. kind in the world — the one at Ralston, Pa. They have 458 tan vats, 13 coolers, each 8 feet deep and 8 feet in diameter; 16 leaches that will hold 16 tons of ground bark each ; employ 100 men in the tannery and 50 men all the time in the woods ; ship 3 car-loads of leather a week ; their supply of hides, known as the African buffalo hide, comes from Calcutta, and the exclusive make is sole leather. They consume 12,000 tons of bark a 3'ear. G. B. Griswold, is bookkeeper and cashier ; M. E. Sarvay is mercantile manager. The tannery was established, in 1867, b}^ Towanda parties, with a capacity of 25,000 liides a year. In 1881, it was purchased by the pi-esent proprietors, and enlarged to its present capacitv. Connected with the tanner}^ is a general store which does a large trade. MONROE BOROUGH, Monroeton, which is at the junction of the Barclay Railroad and State Line & Sullivan Railroad, is an im])ortant shipping point. The town originally commenced to grow at the time of the building of the turnpike in 1819. In 1820 a number of mills were started, and at one time fourteen of these were in the township. The trade reached its highest mark in 1844, and practically ceased in 1859. Matters stood stationary until 1871, the time of the building of the State Line & Sullivan Raih'oad. The village was plotted in 1828 by G. F. Mason, and was made a borough in May, 1855; in its limits are about 250 acres, once the property of Timothy Pickering. In 1840. E. F. Young built a foundry and machine shop; swept away July 19, 1850; rebuilt the next year. The foundry at that place was joined to the Towanda foundry in 1871. In 1882 it became the property of Rockwell & Cranmer. Monroe Manufaciurmg Co^npany was established in April, 1885, by O. M. Brocic, H. M. Mullen and E. F. Fowler; they manufacture lumber, nail-kegs, lath, etc. In 1888 it was sold to an incorporated company, and in 1890 began making toys, etc. They employ about 200 men. Their entire product is completed in the factory. The first officers of Monroe borough were: Burgess, W. H. H. Brown ; council, H. S. Phinney, E. B. Coolbaugh, Anthony Mullen, D. L. Lyon, John Hanson, Abraham Fox; secretary, L. L. Terwilliger; treasurer, C. M. Knapp. The ]n'esent officers are: J. T. Sweet, burgess ; council, Bernard A. Cranmer. F. 11. Dodge, G. II. Smally, Thomas Ackley, Henry Walborn, J. A. De Voe ; clerk, Hobart N. Mullen. Monroeton has the followino- industries : Two dru": stores, two hard- ware stores, four dry goods and groceries, one coal dealer and one meat market. Col. Rog'ers Fowler erected a sawmill and gristmill in 1803, on the creek, at Monroe, and Anthony Vanderpool built, some time before this date, a little log tub-mill, which was the first mill in all this country. In 1800, Dougherty and ISTeedham built the first mill at Greenwood. "Kino- Pool" built a gristmill, with a single run of stone, at Monroe, several 3'ears before the Fowlers came. Jacob Bowman built the first frame house in the townsliip. There were twelve distilleries within four miles of Bowman's; among them, Reu- ben Hale's, Thompson's, Ebenezer Tuttle's, Means' Widow Pladnor's, Stephen Wilcox's, Joseph Wallace's, and Johnson's, HISTORY OF BRADI'ORI) COUNTY. 473 CHAPTER XXXVIII. ORWELI; TOWNSHIP. IN April, 1801, the council of Luzerne county appointed Ezekiel Hj^de, Josiah Grant land William Spalding, commissioners, to erect a township embracing this territory: "■ From the lift}' -second mile- stone, on the north line of the county; thence south twelve miles, fifty-one chains and 11 ft}' links to the south line of Tioga district; thence east eleven mdes; thence north twelve miles; thence west 11 miles to the point of commencement." The report was approved and the new township was called " Mount Zion." In April, 18U2, on peti- tion of E. Coburn antl others, the name was changed to Orwell. The first settlement in Orwell township, as it is now, was in 1790, near Ransom's corner, by Francis Mesusan and David Russell. The following year they were joined by Asahel Johnson, Josiah Grant and Samuel Wells. Daniel Russell lived just below the forks of the road fi'ora Rome to Orwell hill, on the place occupied by his grandson, Stephen Russell. Edward Gridley occupied the Mesusan place. Mr. Russell was born in Tolland county, Conn., September 26, 1770; was married November 21, 1791, to Folly Chubbuck, and came to Orwell in 1794, on the Wysox creek, where he made a clearing and a farm, and reared a famiU^ of eleven children — five sons and six daughters. He made the clearing in 1794 and 1795, but lived at Sheshequin a year, until the summer of 1796, where his second daughter was born. Two brothers of his wife, Ebenezer and Nathanial Chubbuck, came and settled near him afterward; the latter had ten sons and two daughters. His children, with one exception who died single, were all married and settled within five miles of his homestead. They in turn cleared awav the forests and reared families, until the number of his posterity had in his life-time become more than one hundred souls. Asahel Johnson and Zenas Cook came first to Sheshequin in the winter of 1795-96, and made that settlement their headquarters while they explored the country for a location. They made their selection in Orwell, Mr. Johnson purchasing on Towner hill. Their report was so flattering, several of their neighbors determined to come also; a com]>any was formed, and Marks and Cook were sent to view the land more thoroughly. Their report being favorable, the company pur- chased the township, which was to be divided among its members. Mr. Johnson remained a year at Sheshequin, and came into Orwell permanently in 1797. The town was six miles square, and Avas called Menden ; Mr. Johnson owned 3,000 acres. He lived where Albert Conklin iu)w lives, and his l)rot!ier Truman, who came in 1796, lived on the farm now owned by Albert Allen and Lewis Darling. His brother William lived where Zebulon Frisbie lives. The family came from Burlington, Litchfield Co.,, Conn, 474 HISTOKY OF BRADFORD COUNTY Capt. Josiah Grant settled in the town in 1798, from A^ermont. He was a captain in the Continental array during the Revolutionary War, serving- under Col. Ethan Allen, whose cousin he was, in his brigade of '"Green Mountain Boys." Capt. Grant lived about one huntlred rods west of the present site of the Presbyterian church in Orwell. . . Samuel Wells, who married a sister of Asahel Johnson, came from Burlington, Yt., and settled on the farm just south of Johnson, in 1799. His eldest son, Theron, now owns the propert^^ Capt. Samuel Woodruff came also in 1799 ; a Revolutionary soldier from Litchfield, Conn. He was a brother of Capt. Grant's wife, and had four children, Nathaniel, Benjamin, Clarissa, and another daughter, who married Adarine Manville, one of the early settlers of Orwell. Clarissa married Dr. Seth Barstow, who settled on the Pool place in Wysox. Capt. WoodrulBF settled on the farm occupied by Josiah Newell. He sold to Josiah Grant, Jr , whose daughter married James, the father of Josiah Newell. Capt. Woodruff then went to reside with his daughter, Mrs. Barstow, and died there. Levi Frisbie came to Orwell from Bristol, Conn, in February, 1800. His wife was the daughter of Aaron Gaylord, who was slain in the battle of Wyoming. After the battle the widowed mother with her three children went back to Connecticut, where Levi was married to her eldest daughter. Levi Frisbie, Richard Marks, Asahel Johnson, Will- iam Johnson, Truman Johnson, Zenas Cook, Asa Upson, and perhaps one or two others, formed the company, which, at the solicitation of Col. Ezekiel Hyde and Elisha Tracy, agents for the first Delawai'e company, purciiased of these agents a townshi}) of land six miles square, extending north and east from the present Orwell. Mr. Frisbie came on the place where the Hon. Zebulon Frisbie resided. There had been a small clearinfj of some two or three acres made, and a log house rolled up b}^ Deacon William Johnson, who had removed into Pike. This log house sto^d a few rods from the residence of Z, Frisbie. Levi Fi'isbie was born in Bristol, Conn., January 31, 1758, and died October 5, 1842. He married Phebe Gavlord, who was born in Bristol, Conn., November 19, 1769 ; married December 20, 1786 ; removed to Orwell, Pa., 1800; she died October 5, 1851. They had six children, Chaunce}^ Laura, Catharine, a son who died in infancy, Levi, and Zebulon. Chauncey, married Chloe Howard, and after her decease married Eliza, relict of Dudle}^ ILimphrey, M. D.,and died May 4, 1864. In 1801, Theron Darling and his father Abel, John Pierce, and Alpheus Choat came in. Col. Darling was from Litchfield, Conn., and Mr. Pierce and Mr. Clioat from Vermont. Mr. Pierce's wife was a sister of Mrs. Josiah Giant. They lived where formerh' was the Gridley farm, and left about 1804-5, and went to near Owego, N. Y. Mr. Choat married a daughter of Mr. Pierce, and subsequently moved into Wysox. ,loel Barnes came with Levi Frisbie from Massachusetts, and settled near Mr. Eastman. He married a daughter of Capt. Grant, and died in Orwell, . Deacon William Ranney settled where Mr. Pay son lives, and Lebbeus Roberts on the Woodruff corners, in 1802, Capt. John Grant was a brother to Capt. Josiah, and came to <^i^1U ^^^^r^ HISTORY OF BRADFORD OOUNTY. 477 Orwell about 1804-5, and located on the farm of Carlos Chubbuck, about tliree-fourths oC a mile from Orwell hill. Zeuas Cook located a farm in the hollow in which Potterville is now situated, but abandoned it after tindinL>- his claim was worthless. Joel Cook, a brother, came to Orwell after 1800. Ilis father, Joel Cook, wasasoldier for three years in the Revolution, and was at the siege of Mud Island, and in the battle of Germantown. lie and hisson,Uri. came to Oi-well in 1814, and settled on the farm adjoining his son Joel's. A daughter married Truman Johnson . . . Nathaniel Chubbuck was the first of his family who came to northern Pennsylvania. He was born in Tolland county. Conn., and came from there to Orwell, in the summer of 1811, and purchased the possession-right of 800 acres on AVvsox creek ; on a portion of which he resided until his death, and a portion of which tract is owned by his son, L. S. Chubbuck. The pur- chase was made of William Keeler Oct. 2, 1811. Nathaniel returned to Connecticut, and on January, 28, 1812, married Hannah Lovet, and at once proceeded to his new home with her. His brother, Aaron Chub- buck, came to Orwell two years later, in the winter, traveling the whole distance with oxen and sled. He located on the creek about a mile below Nathaniel's, on land adjoining Dan Russell, where he resided until about 1854. He was appointed a justice of the peace in 1819. The father of these two gentlemen, Nathaniel Chubbuck, with his wife, Chloe, and a daughter of the same name (since the wife of Levi Frisbie), came from Ellington. Tolland Co., Conn., in the spring of 1818, and selected several hundred acres on the hills of Orwell, in preference to lands in Wvsox, now owned bv the Piollets. On October 10, 1803. Revs.^ Seth Willotson and James M. Wood- word, under direction of the Connecticut Missionary Society, organized a church at the house of Lebbeus Roberts, on ''the Robert's corners'' [anv cross-roads at that time were called ''corners"]. This was named the Church of Orwell, but afterward was moved to Le Rays- ville, and became the Church of Pike, and Rev. Benoni Mandeville was pastor from 1812 to 1814. The first justice of the peace in Orwell township was Jarvis Buttles, appointed by the governor, and, as recited, "to have and to hold so long as you behave yourself well." He was postmaster over fort}^ years at South Hill, and since it was opened the office has been in the Buttles family. Among the "old boys" of this township is yet living a num who split 200 rails to secure his marriage license, and who is the living- testimony that marriage is not a failure. . The first couple married in the township were Archibald Coleman and Miss Walker. The three-story Avoodon school building in Orwell was built by subscription in 1859 or '60, at the time with a hall above for public meetings, shows, etc. One room in second stor}^ for school, and resi- dences below. It was sold at public sale, and now is the property of Daniel Dimmick ; center room for school, and upper hall for exhibi- tions ; two graded rooms in school, . Orwell township has five post- offices and four villages. Orwell village has two stores, hardware, and grocery, an incorpo- 36 478 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. rated public library, tin, blacksmith and wagon shops. . Pot- tersville has two stores, one gristmill and one saw and planing mill. The gristmill is owned by E. & C. Workhiser, and the sawmill is owned by D. F. Barstow. . North Orvjell has two stores and a cream- ery. . Allis Hollow has two stores. Orwell Hill had some im|)ortant industries established as early as 1839. The big "black building" was built that year by Hezekiah Dunham, a carpenter, as a distillery and feed-mill. In 1840 one room was used for a school. Then a tannery was built and a shoe and trunk factory started. Mrs. Maynard's present dwelling was built for a tavern, and ran several years; a carding-mill and bedstead factor}^ were built " up the hill." CHAPTER XXXIX. OVERTON TOWNSHIP. THIS township was named in honor of Hon. Edward Overton, and is separated from Barclay by the Schrjeder branch of Towanda creek. This stream with its small tributaries is the chief drainage. The north portion of the township is mountainous. The settlers are mostly of German and Irish descent, noted for their industry and frugality, and their farms, once covered with trees, stumps and stones, are now smooth and well-cultivated fields. Much lumbering is carried on in the northeastern part, where were built the Means and Mercur extensive sawmills. Immense quantities of tanning bark are still shipped to market. In point of territory this is the largest township in the count}'. It was formed in 1853, taken from Monroe, Albany and Franklin. One of the first and most prominent families to settle here was that of Daniel Heverly, who came in 1806, and spent here the remainder of his life. He was born in 1764, and married Catharine Ott ; both were Pennsylvania-Germans. Mr. Heverly came here through the solicitation of a man named Minch, who lived above Towanda. He had informed Heverly that here was a beautiful valley, more than ten miles wide, that none of the settlers had yet found. After a toilsome trip, he reached the point of destination, looked upon it and returned to Greenwood, and contracted to work on his farm. In 1810, in consequence of the work on the turnpike, Mr. Heverly took up 640 acres of land, and cleared 65 acres, which farm has passed down to his descendants to the present time. A stone- cutter, named Kissell, came to Mr. Heverly 's in 1810, and made an improvement on the Widow McCann farm. He was a soldier in the War of 1812. The next person that came to the township was Leonard Streevy, who married one of Mr. Heverly's daughters, . Henry Shermau, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 470 a native of Milflin, Pa., came into the township in 182-1:. . Jacob Hottenstein arrived in the town in 1829. The Urst attempt for a gristmill was that of Daniel Ileverly, Sr., on the Henry Slierman farm ; but depression of money matters, caused by the War of 1812, compelled him to abandon his work before its com- pletion. . Tlie first sawmill was built in 1820, on Black creek, by Daniel Ileverly, Jr. It was afterward destroyed by fire. . The first store was opened in 1856, by William Waltman. The first school-house was built in the town in 1827. . The first teacher was Anna Kellogg, of Monroe. . The first church built in the town was the Roman Catholic, b}^ Edward McGovern, in 1814. . The Methodist Episcopal church was built in 1873. . The Reformed and Lutheran church was built in 1855. OmHon village was platted, in 1856, b\' Henry Sherman, and black- smith Joseph Mosbacker purchased the first lot. The place is pleas- antly situated in the southeastern corner of the township, and has three general stores, three blacksmith shops, one wagon shop, two mil- liner shops and a hotel. CHAPTER XL. PIKE TOWNSHIP— LE EAYSVILLE BOROUGH. THIS tow^nship was named in honor of Gen. Pike. Its principal stream is Wyalusing creek, and the smaller creeks are the Ross and Rockwell creeks ^vhich empty into the Wyalusing. About LeRays- ville is high table land while other portions are rough and hilly, except along Wyalusing creek, where there is a fertile soil. The chief prod- ucts at present are p(^tatoes, cattle and butter. There are mau}^ large sugar orchards in this township. Long before the coming of the whites, an Indian trail, from Wj'a- lusing town to the present city of Binghampton, passed up along Wyalusing creek. The Connecticut settlers enlarged this trail and used it as a bridle path. The Bos worths w^ere of the first settlers in Pike township. Josiali came in 1798. He was a son of Joseph Bos worth ; settled in the deep forest about three miles south of where is Le liaysville, and in a few years his cabin became the noted " Half- Way House" on the road from Towanda to Montrose; then the place was called Newtown. In 1817 Mr. Bosworth built his tavern, and kept it many years. He raised a company for the War of 1812 and proceeded as'^ far as Dan- ville, Pa., where they met the news of peace declared, and returned. Josiah was a native of Litchfield, Conn., born November 25, 1779 ; died September 22, 1858. He was one of Joseph Bosworth's eleven children, and to him were born thirteen children ; one of his grand- sons now occupies the old homestead, Josiah Bosworth was one day 480 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. returning- from church, and discovered a bear and treed it; took off his shirt, tied it around the foot of the tree, and thus kept the bear on his perch until he returned with his gun and shot it. Dimon and Benajah Bostwick, brothers, came from Connecticut and took up four hundred acres near what is now Stevensville. Dimon, with his newly married wife, Lois (Olmstead), came in 1796, and Benajah came with his wife and a sister-in-law^ sometime afterward. Dimon was an admirable surveyor and draughtsman, a fine mathema- tician, a man of wide reading and varied culture. These brothers lived to be old men. Dimon died in 1856, aged eighty-eight years. Benajah died in 1864, aged eighty-eight. James Rockwell settled a little below Stevensville, in 1790. He raised the first tobacco and established the first brick manufactory in northern Pennsylvania. . Seth P. Rockwell came in 1791, and settled on the creek that bears his name. He established the first tan- nery, using wooden troughs for vats, pounding the bark with an axe, and thus made the leather that shod himself and family. He put up a mortar and spring-pole mill that was used by all his neighbors. This man chopped his road to the place where he settled, which he called "Newtown," where for seven years his only and nearest neighbor was Nathan Abbott, on what w^as known as the Ranson Colbaugh farm. Nathan Abbott and Darius and Elijah Coleman came about the same time as Rockwell. Eleazer Russell came in 1792 with a pair of oxen and a sled, float- ing down the river to Wyalusing ; he poled the canoe up the creek, driving- the cattle along- the bank. Mr. Russell located on the Keenev farm. He was killed by the falling of a tree he was chopping down. Ezekiel Brown was the other arrival in 1792, and he settled below Russell on the flats. . Then Ephraim Fairchilds came in 1793, and located on the Aden Stevens place. The same year came Elisha Keeler and family, John Bradshaw and Capt. Isaac Bronson. Mr. Keeler in 1 804 established a small store in his house. In companj' wdth Guy Welles,he established the first wool-carding machine in the county. Nathan and Aden Stevens settled where is now Stevensville, in the spring of 1794. They cleared a small spot of ground when Nathan returned to Connecticut for his family. This famih' report that soon after coming they passed three months without a dust of flour in the house. . Samuel Lucky came in 1793, and cleared a little spot of ground, then returned for his family. He bought his possession of Alva Bos worth, who it is supposed settled there in 1790 or 1791. Salmon Bosworth, in 1795, settled above Stevensville and built a blacksmith shop. For many years he made scythes and axes for the settlers. The other Bosworths were Josiah, Alva, Reed and Joseph. The latter it is supposed came in 1806. In company Avith the Bos- worths was Ezekiel Mowrey. John Ford came in 1792. His brother, Bela Ford, came sometime after ; made a small clearing and in 1805 sold it to James Brink. Thomas Brink came in 1797 ; his brother Nicholas had come at an early day but had been driven off by the Pennamite troubles. James Brink came in 1798, settlmg near Wyalusing, and in 1805 went to niSI'ORY Ol' niiAltl'OKIi COUNTY. 481 Pike and coinmencetl a farm just south of Le liaysville. lie bought the possession of Eela Ford, and moved into the cabin. . Jesse and Daniel Koss were sons of Lieut. Perrin Frost, killed at Wyoming; they came to Pike in 1796. . William Johnson came to LeRays- ville in 170S from Sheshcquin. and improved tlie Zebulon Frisbie farm. TlieWelsh Settlement. — Tiie first to come was Joseph Jenkins, in 1824, he having purchased a large body of land of T. Mitchell. In the fall of the same year, Ed. Jones, Sr., came and settled near Jen- kins. \\\ 1825, David Thomas, Sr., and family, and Reese GrifHes commenced an improvement on the David Tliomas farm. . . About 1827. David Morris came. . The next year came David Williams. Mr. Williams revisited his native AV^ales, and on his return brought his motlier, two brothers (Philip and John), Ilev. Daniel Jones, Samuel Davies and William Evans. Thomas Jones, a brother of Ed. Jones, Sr., settled north of David Morris. . In 1833, Henry James and Thomas Walters, John Morris, Richard Williams, Daniel P. Jones, and John Davies came. In 1831 John Thomas, Mrs. Elizabeth Davies and Samuel Thomas settled at Neath. . Same year came Israel Evans, John Jones, David J. Thomas, Jenkins Jones, who also settled near N^eath, and David Davies, Thomas J. Thomas, Rodgers Griffies, Thomas Williams, Evan Evans, Dr. William Roberts, David E. Davies, and Ilenrv Davies were all prominent people in the Welsh settlement. TheWelsli Congregational Church, Neath, was organized in 1831, when several persons who were members of the same church in Wales came to Neath, bringing their minister. Rev. Daniel Jones, with them. Soon the congregation increased, making the membership twenty, and they held their first meetings in log houses and barns. The first church and school-house combined was built in 1833, another, which is still standing, in 1848, and the present neat and beautiful country church in 1872. There are now ninety members. Rev. Jones was pastor from 1831 until 1849; Rev. Samuel A. Williams from 1849 to 1869; Rev. E. J. Morris, from 1869 until 1885, and Rev. John I). Jones, present incumbent, from 1885. Ah^a Posworth built a sawmill at Stevensville in 1815. He and his brother Salmon built the gristmill in 1819, in which was the first buhr-stones used in the county. The first school-house was erected in 1806, a log building where the Congregational church now stands. Patty Sill taught the first school ; Zernah Northrup taught the second ; Polly Canfield then taught a school in the old sawmill near Van Guilders. Stevensville was named in honor of Co). Abram Stevens. He raised a regiment for the War of 1812-15, and was elected colonel thereof. On their waj'^ to the seat of war they were met by the announcement of peace, and returned without seeing any active ser- vice in the front. The |)lace has two general stores, the gristmill of William II. Jones, and Eastabrook tfe Stevens' sawmill. The Phalanx, in Pike townshij), was a remarkable institution. There came, in 1844, about fifty pco})le who ])urchased 600 acres of land, a part of which is now the farm of George M. Brink, on the 482 HISTORY OF JMiADFOKI) OOUKTY. Owego road. Their temporary buildings were soon replaced by large solid stone structures, dwellings for all the members, store rooms, a school-room and chapel. Everything was in common, men working in the field, and women in the house, and the}^ had a large dancing hall. The career of the affair was ended in four short years, when the founder left the country. A part of their old buildings are now dwell- ings and barns. They started a publication called ih.Qjyo7'th Ameoncan Phalanx. LE RATSVILLE BOROUGH. This borough was incorporated May 16, 1863. It was named in honor of Le Ray de Chamont. The first officers were : Burgess, M. B. Porter ; council, George 11. Little, Nelson Ross, Trumball Benham, Daniel Bailey, Stephen Brink; C. P. Hodge, Sec; Benjamin Pierce, Treas. Present officers: Burgess, Samuel H. Davies ; clerk, G. W. Brink; council, George N. Johnson, Le Ray Coleman, L, P, Black- man, O, G. Can field. G. W. Brink has been clerk of the borough ever since it was incorporated, thirty-two years ago. Le Ra3'sville has the following business concerns: E. M. Bailey & Son's foundry (first built nearlv opposite the hotel by Daniel Lewis; was first run by horse-power. This was established during the "fifties." After five years it was moved to where it now stands. They manu- facture plows), two drug stores, two cigar factories, two wagon shops, one boot and shoe store, two blacksmith shops, one grocery store, one furniture store, two hardware stores. lCHAPTER xll ridgebury township. THIS township, which lies on the north line of the county, was organ- ized in 1818, and was taken from Athens and Wells. A large number of the inhabitants were foreign born. Isaac Fuller and Joel Campbell were the first settlers, in 1805, on Bentley creek near the State line. It is said that Adam Ridenbar was living here wlien the two above mentioned families came. . Samuel Bennett came in 1807, and gave the name to the township. He was a prominent man, the first tailor in the township ; the place where he settled is known as Durkee Hill. Vine Baldwin came in 1808 with his family. Griswold Owen came in 1809, and settled on the upper part of the creek near the town. His father-in-law, Rowsold Goff, came in 1812 and settled the John Thompson farm. . Capt. Calvin West came in 1813 and settled about one-half mile below Centreville. Jonathan Kent came in 1813 and settled ata place known as Bentley Creek, sometimes called " Pennyville," because there was once a small grocery there. . James Covell came in 1812 and bought out IIISTOKV OK HI.'A hl-'Olil) CO UN TV. 48;{ Silas Campbell, where his j)ostei'ity are still living. , Maj. Alpheus Gillett, a Itevolutionary soldier, came in 1826, and settled about one mile and a half from Fenny ville, and with him came his son- in-law, Aaron Marcellus. The laiter made the improvement afterward owned by Vincent Owen. Henry AVells built a house for a tavern. John Buck came in 1826, and his land includes the D. 11. Bui-nham place, lie was many \^ears postmaster. . Sturgis Squires came in 1827; his brother Peter had been here twelve or thirteen years. Among other early settlers was Joseph Batterson, on the hill where is the Lawrence Amy farm. . A nuin named Pierce im- proved the Widow Griswold far'm. John J^. AVebb was an early and prominent settler, was elected sheriff of the county. . Job Stiles, a Revolutionary soldier, settled the William Dickison farm. . Green Bentley was the tirst settler on the creek that bears his name. . Samuel Green settled on the hill east of Cenlreville. He was nicknamed "Durkee, " and from that the hill took its name. . Peter Evans came in 1842. The Irish settle- ment is in Ridgebury, extending over into Athens and Smithtield. This settlement was commenced bv Cornelius O'DriscolI, who came in 184u, followed by Ricliard O'Connor and his two sons; then James White came in 1811 and bought out John Downs, one mile south of the Catholic church. George O'Leary was the fourth settler with his large family of sons, in 1842. To these families were added those of Daniel Desmond, with his sons John and Timothy, and Richard Hurley, John Mahoney, Patrick Butler, Daniel Chambers, George Chambers, Thouuis Chambers, Daniel Kane and James Crowley. Vine Baldwin built the first frame house. . Abial Fuller built the first sawmill, in 1826, on the W. J. P\iller farm. . Calvin T. Covel built a sawmill at McAfee's, which was burned, and he replaced, it with a gristmill. . David Buck cut the first road through to Smithfield. The old Berwick turnpike road was built through the township in 1820-21, and was the first good road the people ever had. Centremlle is a postofiice and village on Bentley creek; j)ostoffice name is Ridgebury; tlie place has two stores and a Methodist church. Bentleij Creek^ a postofiice and village above Centreville on the same creek, has a store, a Baptist church, a school-house and a hotel. Middletown, a hamlet still further up the creek, has a grist and sawmill and a store. CHAPTER XLTI. ROME TOWNSHIP— ROME BOROUGH. KOME TOWNSHIP takes its name from the "Eternal City," because it is situated on the same parallel of latitude. It is well watered bv the Wysox creek and its smaller streams, Bullai-d, John- son, Park, Hicks and Bar creeks. The surface is divided by hill, 484 HISTORY OF HHADFORD COUNTY. table-land, and valley. The largest valle}^ noted for its fertility is along the Wysox creek. It is supposed that Xathaniel Peasly Moody was the first settler, in the year 1795, coming with his ox-sleds, in which were conveyed his wife and three children, all the way from Massachusetts. Moody, assisted by Levi Thayer cut a road from Sheshequin to the head waters of Wysox creek, that passed through the borough of Kome. Moody had purchased a piece of land of Thayer near the confluence of Bullard creek with the Wysox. Just below them were Henry Tal- lady, Peter Florence, Mathias Fenceler, '• tlie Hermit,'' and Mr. Hath- aw^ay, whom they found camped while on a hunting expedition. These were about four miles below where Moody settled. . In 1Y98 Godfrey Vought, Henry Lent, and Fredrick Eiklor came with their families; Vought and Lent located near the present north line of Rome borough, and Eiklor about half way between A^ought and Moody on the John Passmore place. About 1800 it was discovered that the title to all these lands belonged to Penns\'lvania. In 1801 John Parks made his improvement on the D. C. AVattles farm. The first settlement on Towner hill was made by Elijah Towner in 1806. Mr. Towner had purchased 400 acres of Mr. Thayer. The title prov- ing worthless, he moved to Oak hill, cleared 100 acres and built a dis- tillery ; afterward, in 1806, he traded his improvements for what is now Towner Hill, where he spent the remainder of his days. His eldest son, Elijah Towner, married a daughter of Leonard Westbrook, who came at an early day with George Murph\\ John Hicks settled in the hollow west of Towner's. George Murphy commenced his improvement on Towner hill in 1803, and John Hicks settled in the hollow west of him, in 1804. William Elliott, with a large family of boys, came in 1805. Elliott had fourteen children ; his son Thomas commenced merchandising in 1813. . In 1806 Reuben Bump and Russell Gibbs settled in the north- west part of the township, and the settlement was called "Bump- town." Bump was a great hunter, and could tell some tall hunting- stories. . Achatius Vought commenced his first improvement on Park's creek, north of Rome vdlage, in 1807. . Rev. C. E. Taylor came from Connecticut in 1817; his family consisted of his wife, two sons and one daughter — ^ Ed win W., Delaraar and Abby Jane. Martin Van Buren Moore was an early settler on the hill. He was relative of his namesake. The first wheatfield was the ground now the Judge Passmore orchard. The seed to sow the ground was carried by Nathaniel P. Moody, one bushel, and each of his sons a half-bushel. He planted the first orchard. Some of the old apple trees still stand in front of T>. H. Rice's residence. . . Godfrey Vought built the first frame house, in 1804. . . Burr Ridgeway built the first mill in 1808, which he sold in 1818 to his brother David, who disposed of it to Sylvester Barnes. Previous to this the nearest mill was Hinman's, at Wysox, the present Robert Laning place. . . Jacob Myer built the first mill where is the Mver & Frost mill. . . Silas Gore was HISTORY OV liUADI'OKI) COUMTY. 186 the first blacksmith, in 1812. . Godfrey Yougiit and Andrus Eiklor built a sawmill near the confluence of Bullard and Wysox creeks. Benjamin Moody was the first white child born in the township, born in 1708. . The first deatii was that of Mrs. Fredrick Eiklor, in 1800. . . In 1801, Henry Lent went to Sheshequin, but attempt- ing to return throui^h the dee]) snow, he perished. His body was found near tiie dividing line of the farms of Prof. J. G. and Washing- ton Towner. . The first we(Uling was in tlie year 1803, the [)arties being James Lent and Cldoe Park. The first school teacher was Fredrick Eiklor who taught in the first log school-house, built in 180;^>, near the O. F.Young farm. In the townshij) are a gristmill, owned by Charles Barnes, two miles south of Rome borough, William Cypher's steam and water grist and saw mill, located three-fourths of a mile north of Home, and Seneca Russefs steam sawmill four miles north of Rome. There is a steam sawmill near North Rome. North Ivome, situated in Centre valley, has one store. ROME BOROU(tH. Rome borough was incorporated in February, 1860. It is situated in the south-eastern part of the township, about one and a half miles along Wysox creek, and about one-third of a mile wide. For a good many years it has been an important business point. It has a hardware store, drug store, a general store, and a shoe store, two miscellaneous stores, Byron Wilmot's planing mill, two blacksmith shops and a wagon shop. CHAPTER XLIIT. SHESHEQUIN TOWNSHIP. TIIE name of this township is derived from the Indian, and is said to signify " the place of a rattle." It is one of the loveliest valleys in Bradford county, extending along the Susquehanna river a distance of seven miles, beautiful and fertile. It was taken from old Ulster. The first settlement was May 30, 1783, the colonists being pre- ceded by Gen. Simon Spalding, who came up from the Wyoming. The party consisted of Gen. Spalding and his wife Ruth, their children. John, Ruth, Rebecca, Mary, Anna and George. Their son Chester Pierce Spalding was born in Sheshequin in 1784; the others were Joseph Kinney and wife, Sarah Spalding, Benj. Cole, Col. Fordham, Thomas Baldwin and Stephen Fuller. Gen. Spaldin»- came from Connecticut in 1774, first locating at Standing Stone in 1775. He was in command of a company in Sullivan's ex|)edition in 1779, and in passing through Sheshequin valley he beheld the beautiful land, and resolved to make it his future home. Col. John Spalding was a son of Gen. Simon, and was a fifer in his father's company at fourteen years of age ; was also in the Sullivan 480. ntSTORY OP BRADFOKl) COUNTY. expedition. Joseph Kinney was also a Kevolutionary soldier; was wounded at Long Island, and for a period was in the Jersey prison- ship. His first child, Simon Kinney, was the first white child born in Sheshequin, Vine Baldwin, son of Thomas, is said to have been the first white child born in Sheshequin valley after the war. In 1784 Obadiah, Samuel Gore and Arnold Franklin came from Wyoming-. The old homestead of Obadiah Gore is described in the old records as a tract of land called " Indela Mooking." situated on the east side of the north- east branch of the Susquehanna river, opposite an Indian settlement called " The Sheshequamung." Judge Obadiah Gore w^as the son of Obadiah and Hannah (Park) Gore. He was commissioned judge at the organization of Luzerne county ; removed to Ulster in 1783, and to Sheshequin the next year; opened a store in the latter place (the first in this section) in 1796, and continued it until 1803. He built a gristmill on the river opposite where is now the " Valley House," in 1807, the first gristmill in the township. He also built the first frame house m the township, in 1787, and also the first distillery ; was appointed the first justice, in 1782. On his record the first marriage is that of Mathias HoUenback and Miss Sarah Hibbard— April 20, 1782. Arnold Franklin was a mem- ber of one of the distinguished Franklin famifies of the Common- wealth. Seven of the Franklins were killed at the Wyoming battle, and John, Jonathan, Roswell and Jehiel were of these seven brothers. Arnold, the settler mentioned above, was a son of Jonathan Frankfin. Arnold was captured at Wyoming, but after three months' captivity escaped on the Genesee, and made his way back to his brother, Uncle Roswell Franklin, at Kingston, where he and his cousin, Roswell, Jr., when abont twenty years of age, were captured by the Indians and taken to Canada, where they were kept three years. Moses Park came to Sheshequin about 1785, and taught, probably, the first school in the township. In 1786 Jeremiah Shaw, an old Rev- olutionarv soldier, came to Sheshequin, with his son, Ebenezer, then a lad ; this\vas the Shaw that lived to be over 100 years old. . Peter Snyder came in 1798. . Daniel Brink came in 1790; his father, Benjamin Brink, a Revolutionary soldier, improved the David Horton place. . Abel Newell, who married a daughter of Ethan Wilcox, was an early pioneer. . Col. Joseph Kingsbury came in 1793, when aged nineteen ; was a surveyor, and he married a daughter of Gen. Spaul- ding. Col. Kingsbury was for many years one of the most distin- guished men in the county. . Ichabod Blackman, and three sons, Frank- lin, Elishu and David S.'^, were prominent among the early pioneers. Hugh Rippiths, an Irishman, an early comer, improved the Patterson farm at the lower end of Breakneck. He married Hulda Frankfin. Elihu Horton came to Sheshequin about 1794, and resided on the Ed. Brigham farm; his sons, who came with him, were William, Joshua, Elihu, Jr., Stephen and Gilbert ; his son Richard came two years afterward, and purchased Arnold Franklin's improvement. The Hortons were a strong and splendid race of sturdy pioneers. Elihu HISTORY OF I'.KAni'Olll) COfN'IY. IH. llorton, Si\, gave a raniily party in ISIT), at which eighty grandchil- dren were present. Joshua Tuttle tirst settled in Ulster, but passed over to Sheshecjuin in 179S, and purchased of Josiah N^ewell. ;Iesse Smith came in lb02. Capt. Jabez Fish came in 1801). Zehulon l>utler and Harry Spalding- at that time had a small store near WilLam Snyder's phice. Capt. Fish is a. prominent ligure in the history of Wyoming. Liv- ing near him in Shesliequin w^as an old comrade in arms and sudering, Capt. Stephen Fuller. The two men were prisoners in Wyoming. Eliliu Towner and sons — Enoch and Joiin — im]iroved the Cyrus Wheeler farm. Daniel Moore was a soldier in the War of 1818. . Christopher Avery was a brother of Judge Gore's wife. Otlier early settlers were the Kennetlys, Peter Bernard, James Bidlack, Timothy and Samuel Bartlett, Henry Boise, the Brokaw family, Lodowick Carner, Silas Carnei', Henry Cleveland, John Dett- ricb, "Christian Forbes, Dr. Zadaz Gillett, Jerome Gilbert, Freeman Gillett, William Preshier, Edward Griffin, Samuel Hoytt, Isaac S. Low, Samuel Thomas, Josiah B. Marshall, Mathew Rodgers, and David E. Weed. Sheslieiiuhi^ a village across the river from Ulster, has a large grist- mill, a hotel and four stores. . Ghent is a postoffice in the eastern part of the township. . Black is a village south of Client. . Horn- brook is a postoftice in the southern part of tlie townshij). Franklin Blue Stone Company are located about four miles north of Towanda, having one of the best and finest quarries in this portion of the State. The headquarters of this concern are in Philadelphia, and operations were actively commenced in August, 1889. The quarry was worked first extensively in 1874 by the Philadelphia Blue Stone Company, which failed, ami the property passed to the present own- ers. Thirty-five men are emplo3'ed, with all the latest impi'oved machinery for cutting and handling the stone by the company. It is a strip-mine, and the product is used in all parts of the country — south as far as the Gulf. The output of this plant is about $25,000 annually. Among other excellencies of the stone is the facility with which it splits, as well as its beauty and durability. J. D. Morris' quarry, in Sheshequin township, in what is called "Quarry Glen," is a great blue stone quarry, where are employeradford, also county treasurer for 1816-17. Mr. Kinney was a man of strong mind, and Ijis service is favorably remembered by active j)articij)ators in the political affairs of the time. Judge David Wilmot completed his law studies in Mr. Kinney's office. He was one of the most prominent and active men of the county. In 1834, he removed to Rockford, 111., with his family. Col. H. L. Kinney achieved an enviable celebrity by his dash, cour- age and enterprise, which made him at one time quite the lion of the country. He was the founder of Corpus Christi, Texas, and peopled the town by a denomination of his own settlers ; served in the Mexican War in Gen. Scott's army; supplied the commissariat with stores from the resources of the country ; and was deemed a millionaire at the end of the war. He spent much of his fortune afterward in Central American expeditions. During the rebellion, he served in Mexico as colonel in her army, fought against the French and Maximilian, and was killed at Monterey while leading a small troop in ferreting out guerrillas in the city. lie became one of the finest horsemen in Texas, taking lessons of the Comanches, and so far surpassing them that they were, to his mastery, but initiates. He won many victories over them in some of their sharpest fights. It will not be amiss, perhaps, to state that he married a daughter of Gen. Lamar of the " Lone Star" fame. Charles F. Welles, upon the organization of this count}^ received from the Governor autiiority to administer the oaths of office to the newly chosen officers, and himself was chosen prothonotary, clerk of the courts, register and recorder, ami the first records of the county are in his own neat and peculiar penmanship. For ten years he was a resident of Towanda, when he removed to Wyalusing in 1822. He was a son of George Welles, one of the first settlers of Athens, and was born in Glastonbury, November 5, 1789. In 1816 he was joined in wedlock with Miss Ellen J,.tlaughter of Judge Ilollenback. Mr. Welles was a man of varied and extensive reading. He wielded a busy pen, and contributed for the papers some of the best poetic articles which were published. Though never a politician, in the sense of aspiring for office, he took a deep interest in political questions. In early life he espoused the principles advocated by Jefferson ; later he became an admirer of Henry Clay, and a defender of his policy. During his res- idence in Towanda he exerted a well-nigh controlling influence in the politics of the county. His articles on political questions, written at this time, were marked by breadth of view and urged with a cogency of reasoning that carried conviction to the mind of the reader, while the corrupt politician received scathing rebukes from his trenchant pen. He became an extensive land owner and left a fine fortune at his death, September 23, 1866. The Vandykes. — John V^andyke, a native of Holland, came to America and at first settled near Trenton, N. J., whence he removed to Turbit township, Northumberland county, Pa. He married an Irisli lady, and remained in Northumberland, where he reared his family. In 1815, William Yandyke, a son, came to Towanda and purchased of John Leavenworth a tract of land on Towanda creek, including- a o-rist- HISTORY OF nUADFOKl) COUNTY. 507 mill and a sawmill. Mr. Vandx'ke and the balance of the family came the same or the following year. In 1817, John Vandyke was assessed as follows: "Seven acres of land improved; seven town lots; two houses ; a tan-yard, and a horse and cow." His land extended from the Overton basin to State street. Mr. Vandyke's sons settled about him. Davis, " the saddler,"' occupied the James Ward place. He had a saddlery-shop on the ground where Dr. Pratt's residence now stands. After some years he sold out and moved to Granville township, where he lived until the time of his demise. AVilson, "the tanner," moved to Allegany, N. Y. and there died. John lived where Henry Porter now does. He sold out and removed to Canton, where he sjient the residue of his days. In 1825, Mr. A^andyke and his son William, traded their property in Towanda with H. W. Tracy for land in Ulster township, on what is now knoAvn as Moore's hill, and moved there while the locality was yet a wilderness. The farm on which they both spent their last days is yet owned and occupied by the family. William married Miss Susan, daughter of James Douglierty, whose mother's maiden name was Hammond. He was the father of G. II. Vandyke, of Ulster, ex-Democratic countv commissioner. Eliphalet Mason came to Towanda in 1810, "being the twelfth family within the borough limits." He built a house on the corner west of Main street, and north of State street, which he afterward sold to George Scott. In 1820 he erected a stone house, out of small stones, in front of the Public Square, standing where Jordan's meat market now is. The building was named the ''Stone Heap," but nick-named the " Stone-Jug." He built a stone buildino- adjoining:, and enoao-ed in selling groceries for about a year. In 1822 he erected a storehouse on the coi'uer of Court and Maine streets, opposite the Public Square, which he rented to Gurdon Ilewett. Of Mr. Mason's residence in Towanda he says: "In the spring of 1817 grain was very scarce. Corn had been ruined by the frosts of the fall before, and every kind of food was in meagre supply. It became evident that some one must undertake to supply the village with meat, and as I could best affortl the time, the task fell upon me. Indeed, so great was the dependence, that the villagers could not boil the pot without iiiy providing." For many years Mr. Mason was one of the most prominent men of the county. His early life was spent in teaching. In tlie fall of 1814 he was commissioned lieutenant of militia, and with others was drafted in the War of 1812. A company of 110 men was raised, and placed under his command and sent to Danville, awaiting oi'ders; but returned home after a month's absence. At the October election, 1814, he was chosen county auditor, being the only Democrat elected on the ticket that year. From April, 1815, he acted as deputy sheriff, under A. C Ilockwell, till the close of his term, and transacted nearly all the business con- nected with the office. In 1810 he was elected county commissioner over A. C. Rockwell, his brother-in-law, the Federal candidate. July 1, 1818, he was commissioned by Governor Findlay, recorder of deeds, and in conjunction with the ])rotijonotarv to administer oaths of office to such persons as might be appointed l)y the Governor. In 1824 he was appointed a commissioner with Edward Eldred and Wm. iJrindle 508 HISTORY OF BUADFORD COUNTY. to lay out a State road from Muncy to Towanda. Again, in 1829, he was "elected to the office of county commissioner, having a greater majority than his competitor had votes. In 1837 Mr. Mason and his son, Gordon F., purchased several thousandacresof land of the Asylum Company, lying in Bradford county. The investment proved a fruitful one. Mr. Mason continued in active and varied business till 1844, when he threw off most of his cares to enjoy his closing days. He found great comfort in making verse, reading" his papers, and in frequently contributing an article to the press. His writings will be remembered by many under the sohriquet of "Old South." Mr. Mason was a man of genius, indomitable energy and undaunted courage. His honesty and integrity were never questioned, and of littleness he was never accused. His life was a successful one and a noble example. Walter S. Minthorn, a mechanic, came to Towanda in 1817. He was a soldier of the War of 1812, and lost a leg. For a while he lived on the corner of Second and State streets, finally moving to Rome. Nathaniel Heacock, a carpenter, was assessed in Towanda in 1817. He lived at the terminus of Second street, with Lombard. From Towanda he went to Canton. William Kelly and sons, Lewis and William, mechanics, settled in Towanda in 1818. He established a ferry across the river, the w^harf being at the terminus of State street, and was known as the upper, or Kellv's ferry. His house stood on the corner of Water street, south of slate. He also kept a grocery for a while, on Court street, which he sold to Benjamin Hunt. Lewis Kelly lived on Second street, where Benjamin Northrup now does. He followed cabinet-making. Tiiinking Newton a more favorable place for his business, he moved thither. Dr. Charles Whitehead located at Towanda in 1818. His house stood a little south of N. N. Bett's residence, in the same lot, which he then owned. He was a man of ability and considerable eminence. From 1820 and 1823 he was register and recorder of the county. He was also a justice of the peace. He died in 1825 (aged thirty-one years), and was buried in Riverside Cemetery. Mrs. Whitehead taught school in the village after her husband's death. Lewis P. Franks, a printer, came to Towanda in 1817, and edited the Was/iingtonian, the first regular Federal paper in the county. After continuing the paper about a year he turned its management over to Octavius Plolden, who continued its publication only a short time. Franks is remembered as a central figure, with a keen intellect, but eccentric. He wielded an able and trenchant )>en. Upon leaving Towanda he went to Philadelphia, where he engaged in journalism. John Stower was a deputy sheriff and jailor under Lemuel Streeter, having removed to Towandci in 1819. Heat first lived in the base- ment of the old court-house, then built on his lot, the same as now occupied by Mercur's block. He sold out to Col. Harry Mix, and removed t(> Bingliamton, where a son had preceded him, and gvme into business. Charles Comstock occupied the lot of now Judge Benjamin M. HISTORY OF BliADFOHl) COUNTY. 509 Peck, and liad a store a little south of his present residence. lie came to Towanda in 1819, and removed to Athens in about 1823, where he was a merchant for many years. Jacob r. Ensley, a shoemaker, was a resident of Towanda in 1819, and occupied the first floor of Jesse Woodruffs tailor shop. . . . James E. Haslet, a mason, was also a resident of the borough in 1819, and lived in a small house where Hon. W. T. Davies' residence noAv is. . . . Edwin Benjamin came to Towanda in about the same time (1818) that he and Lemuel Streeter purchased tlie Bradford Gazdte. He was postmaster of Towanda in 1819, and county clerk in 1821. He lived Avhere A. Snell's residence now is. Elisha Newberry, a blacksmith, began working at his trade in the village in 1819. He subsequently went to Troy, and became a prom- inent citizen there. Hon. George Scott, a native of Berkshire county, Mass.. born November 19, 1784, having attained his majority, in company with an elder brother, David, started for the " Sunny South " to begin life in earnest and make his fortune. The young men were both well edu- cated for those days, and had decided to engage in school-teaching wi]en an opportunity presented itself, until something more congenial and paying should he found. Accordingly, sometime in 1805, they set out with a single hoi-se, and drifted into Wysox, Bradford county. They made their business known, whereupon the citizens called a meeting at the house of Burr Eidgeway, and George was hired to teach the school of the district. David found employment west of the river. He also clerked for William Mea.ns, read law in the mean- time, and finally went to Wilkes-Barre, whei-e he was admitted to the bar. He became a man of note ; was prothonotary of Luzerne county, and for several yeai-s was president judge of "^the Luzerne district. George continued teaching in Wysox, and having been appointed a justice of the peace, purchased a lot next beyond the " brick church," and built a house thereon. Finally, Miss Lydia, daughter of Henry Strope, '" possessed the necessarv charms," and he became a permanent fixture in the county. Upon the organization of the county in 1812, he was appointed an" associate judge with John McKean, by Gov. Snyder, and held that office nntil 1818. He was clerk to the county commissionei's from 1815 to 1820, and was appointed prothonotary in 1818, and register and recorder in 1824, which office he held till 1830. In 1816 he was appointed a com- missioner to superintend the distribution of the funds a])propriated for the building of the State road, ''extending eastward and westward througn the county," and passing through Towanda. In the Autumn of 1819, Mi\ Scott moved to Towanda with his family, and took up his residence on the corner north of State street, west of Main, but afterward lived and died on the ground now occu- pied by Dr. Pratt. He edited and published the Bradford SetUer from 1821 to 1823, his printing office standing east of Main street, and south of State, near the corner. From 1823 to 1824 he was county treasure)-, and foi- many years was ])rominent in the politics of the county. He died at Towanda. March 2, 1834, and was bui'ied in 510 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Riverside Cemetery. Mrs. Scott survived her husband many years ; she was born in Wysox, P'ebruary 29, 1788, and died in Towanda, P'ebruary 25, 1881. William Hart, a native of NeAv Jersey, came to Wysox about the close of the AYar of 1812, in which he served as a farrier and shod Oapt, (afterward Gen.) Scott's horse. He was for a time connected with Hollenback's store and house of entertainment. While here engaged, he married a daughter of Henry Strope. In 1818 he moved to Towanda and rented the "Red Tavern" and ferry of Mr. Means. He perhaps kept the hotel but one year, then worked at his trade, that of blacksmith. He finally moved to Monroeton, where he resided until the time of his death. Gurdon Hewett, who had engaged in lumbering at Monroe, and married a daughter of Wm. Means, came to Towanda in 1819, and engaged in the mercantile business. He built a store on the corner of Main and Bridge streets, where Patton's block now stands, and a residence farther east. About 1827 he removed to Owego, N. y.,and engaged in the Ijanking business, and became, it is said, a millionaire. He was the architect of his own fortune, having begun life as a poor boy. From 1821 to 1822 he was treasurer of Bradford county. William Keeler came to Towanda in 1820, and for a couple of years kept hotel. He was then a partner in the mercantile busi- ness with Thomas Elliott. They occupied the store south of the " Stone Jug," erected by E. Mason, where Fitch's confectionery store now is. Joseph C. Powell, upon being elected sheriif, came to Towanda to reside in 1821. He was the son of Stephen Powell, a Revolutionary soldier, who emigrated from Dutchess county, I^. Y., to Ulster, Brad- ford county, in 1798, and settled the first farm above "the narroAvs." In 1830 he was made prothonotary by the voluntary suffrages of the people, and a member of the State Legislature in 1849. Upon moving to Towanda Mr. Powell at first occupied the "Barstow House." but finally removed to iSTorth Towanda on his farm, where he remained until the time of his death, Se])tember 2. 185-1. After having lost his first wife, he married Mrs. Vespnsian ElHs, nee Selina Phillips. Of his first marriage, Percival and B. Franklin were well known. The former, for some time postmaster of Towanda, engaged in tailoring and the sale of ready-made clothing; and the latter in journalism, being for many years editor of the Bradford Argus, and a projirietor with "Judge " Parsons. Of his second marriage were children : Eucretia, nuirried to John K. Baker, of Bath, ^. Y. ; Marv. maiM^ied to W. B. Webb, of Chicago; and the Hon. Joseph. Andrew Trout (1821), a blacksmith, and a soldier of the War of 1812, was a resident of Towanda till 1831, when he was drowned with George H. Bingham at Shamokin dam. He had a number of sons, who became bright men. War-ren Brown came to Towanda as early as 1817. He built the "(bounty House" so called from its having been built of second-hand material, procuretl of the county commissioners. Tliis building stood where is the residence of J. J. Griffith, and was used as a hotel b}^ Mr. ^w?^ HISTORY OF RRADI'ORI) COUNTY. 513 Brown as early as 1824. He was clerk of the count v IVom 1826-'.')0 ; and in about 1832 went West with his family. James Catlin and Octavius Ilolden were earh^ residents of Towanda, and among the first printers. , William V. Dinniger, a Frenchman skilled in the art of teacliing, came here from Wysox, taught school and resided for awhile. The early records of Wysox show that he took quite an active part in politics, and held various local offices. He was somewhat rigid and eccentric as a teacher, and is well remembered by some of the elderly people. Among early families that were here for a sliort time only, are remembered : The Moores, the Wheelers, the Beebes, the Leaven worths, the Ingrams. . . Thomas Elliott established himself in the mercantile business, near the corner of Main and Pine streets, in 1821. He was for sometime associated with William Keeler. and afterward with Hiram Mercur. Here, in 1846, the Hon. Joseph Powell took his fiist lessons in the mercantile art. Mr. Elliott was a prominent merchant of the town for many years. He built a spacious mansion in the southern part of the village, where he died in aftiuence in 1868, aged sevent\^-six years. His aged w^idow and son. Edward T., occupy the homestead. Mr. Elliott was the first president of the old Towanda Bank. He was a man of strict integrity, and was greatly respected. Theodore Geroulds (1822), a bla.cksmith, lived on Water street for awhile. Col. Hiram Mix came to Towanda in 1822 from Myersburg, where he had been a merchant, purchased a lot of John Stowers and opened a store in partnership with his brother. St. John Mix. Col. Hiram Mix closed his days in Towanda. His children were: William, Harry, Hiram, Amelia (Mrs. D. F. Barstow), Emeline (Mrs. D. Hus- ton), Elizabeth (Mrs. Jno. F. Means), Matilda (Mrs. Jos. Kingsbury) antl Ellen (Mrs. St. John Mix). Of these Harry, Amelia and Matilda are still living. William was the father of John W. Mix, of Towanda. Nathaniel N. Betts, the father of N. K Betts, cashier of the First National Bank of Towanda, came from Oxford, N. Y., in about 1820 to officiate as clerk for Gurdon Hewett, with whom he subsequently became a partner. After Mr. Hewett removed to Owego, he sent Jos. D. Montanye to Towanda as his clerk, who finally became a partner in the concern. Mr. Hewett subsequently sold his interest to the other two, and the firm became Betts & Montanye. They were for several years one of the principal firms of Towanda, and occupied the corner of Court and Main streets, where P. L. Decker now is. Mr. Betts married a daughter of Esquire Means, and after her death he mai-ried Miss Eliza Clark, daughter of Dr. Adonijali Warner, of Wysox, which union was blessed l)y the birth of Eliza. Ellen (Mrs. Dr. H.' C. Porter) and Nathaniel Noble. Mr. l]etts was, in iiis later years, a magistrate, and scrupulously honest in his official i-elations. He died in 1875 at the age of seventy-six years. Benjamin Hunt (1822) kept a cake, beer and confectionery estab- lishment on the ground now occupied bv McCrany's livery stables, on State street, and afterwai'd had a grociery on Coui't street. betwe(Mi the Presbyterian church and Frost's Sons" wai-e-rooms. Dr. John N. Weston was born in Norwich, Conn., February 12, 514 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1Y94. He made his advent into the county in the winter of 1813-14, instructing hi the art of penmanship, but remained only until the fol- lowing spring. George W. Cash, son of Capt. Jsaac Cash, one of the first settlers in Athens and Ulster, came to Towanda in 1832, and entered into part- nership with Morris Spalding in the tanning business, which was con- tinued under the firm name of Spalding & Casli for five years. They purchased of the Vandykes. Mr. Cash afterward went to Texas, and enlisted in the war for Texan independence. He was captured by the Mexicans, and put to death in cold blood by orders of Santa Anna'. Gen. William Patton, a native of Mifflin county, Pa., and lawyer by profession, came to Towanda in 1823. Mr. Patton was a magis- trate, and held at successive periods clerkships in the State Senate, and in the United States War and Navy Departments, and General Land-Oiflce, and also in the United States Senate, serving in the last body for more than a quarter of a century. He was a captain in the militia, and in 1833 was elected major-general, and at the age of sixty -five volunteered for the defense of Washington against an expected attack during the late Rebellion. Gen. Patton married, first, the eldest daughter of Reuben Hale, and for his second wife, Mrs. Ann J. Gai, of Washington, I). C. Mrs. J. J. Griffith is a daughter, and the Hon. Jos. G. Patton, a son, he having derived his title by having been a Senatorial Delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1872 to revise the organic law of the State. Gen. Patton died in 1877, at the age of a little more than 78 years. James McClintock, a young man of superior ability, came to Towanda in 1824 to read law with his uncle, Ethan Baldwin. His first plea before a jury was in the case of the Commonwealth vs. Hall, for an aggravated assault on James P. Bull, editor of the Bradford Settler, in which he displayed great oratorial powers. His poetic genius was also more than medium. He settled in Wilkes-Barre. Death robbed him at once of a loved wife, wdiich together with the loss of a large property and political defeat, unbalanced a brilliant intellect, and the darkness of insanity settled on him forever, momen tary gleams of the sunlight of reason only rendering the gloom more fearful. Dr. Caleb W. Miles was the first permanent resident physician of Towanda. . James Gilson, a cabinet-maker, established himself in business at Towanda in 1824. He lived about where Henry Porter now tloes, and had a cabinet shop nearly on the line between the late James Macfarlane and D. A. Overton. . . Jared Downing Goodenough came to Towanda in 182i, from Oxford, N.Y. He was a saddler and har- ness-maker, and carried on the business here for several years, also fol- lowing general merchandising. In 1835 he was elected justice of the peace, and held the office consecutively for seventeen 3'ears. He died January 6, 1874, in his eighty-second 3^ear, and his remains are interred in Riverside Cemetery. In 1825 he was united in marriage with Sybil, daughter of the late Daniel Brown, of Wyalusing. O. D. Goodenough, son of Jared Goodenough, was a well-known resident of Towanda, for many years connected with journalism, wielding an able, fluent and HISTORY OF BKADFOKI) COLTNTY. 515 versatile pen, and in a manner pleasing, in 186d, the .Bra(7ford Her- ald ^vas published by Chase & Goodenough ; in 1871 the' Totva?i da Jlushiess Item, by Goodenough and Claiison. Ebenezer J^)artlett, the ancestor of the family in Bradford county, was a lievolutionary patriot, and was among the freemen who struck the first blow for liberty at Lexington. Elinas JJeebe, a hatter, located in Towanda in 1823, and Elnathan Beebe, who followed the same vocation, in 1825, . William Flatt, a carpenter, came to Towanda in 1823; married adaughter of William Keeler, and finally removed West. . Francis Delpuech, born at Geneva, Switzerland, and a gentleman of culture, educated in French, in 1824 chose the quietude of Towanda to spend the residue of his days, and accordingly purchased the Oliver JSTewell jH'operty. lie was a skillful artist, and had a great passion for flowers, which he took pride in cultivating. Mr. and Mrs. Delpuech were estimable personages. Hon. George Tracy, son of Solomon Tracy, a Kevolutionary sol- dier, and early settler in Ulster (1787), came to Towanda in 1824, and engaged in mercantile business; his brother, lion. H. W. Tracy, of Standing Stone, being associated with him. His store was where"^ the residence of D. A. Overton now is. Mr. Tracy moved to Monroeton in 1832. . William D. Yanllorn, a carjjenter, and also Curtis Frink, a blacksmith, were added to the populace of the town in 1824. . . David Cash, a nephew and law partner of Simon Kinney, began the practice of his profession at Towanda in 1825. He was elected prothonotary of tlie county in 1839, and was a candidate for the State Senate, but was defeated by Hon. Samuel Morris, of Luzerne county. Mr. Cash was interested in the construction of the North Branch Canal, and also of the Barclay Railroad. He built a fine residence on the corner of. Third and Poplar streets, on the south side of the latter, and there lived until the time of his death, in 1864, aged seventy years. His wife, Mary Ann Spencer, died in 1883, at the age of "seventy -seven ^-ears. The children of David and Mary A. Cash were: George, Charles, Fred, Louise (Mrs. James Wood) and Mary (Mrs. H. S. Gris- Wold). David Cash was a brother of George W. Cash. Alva Kellogg, a blacksmith, began business in Towanda in 1825. He married a daughter of Noah Spalding and lived where A. Snell now does. . . Warren Jenkins, grocer, began business in Towanda in 1825. He subsequently engaged in journalism. . . Gilbert H. Drake, wagon- makei", located at Towanchi in 1825. He had his shop on the ground now occupied by James McCabe's residence, his house standing where t ho Methodist E))iscopal church now is. Benjamin Specs was associated with him for awhile. Drake afterward built a house and shop on the ground now occupied by Humphrey Bros. & Tracv. He removed to Montrose in 1866. Hon. David F. Barstow, a native of Litchfield county. Conn., who studied law at Albany, N. Y., and was admitted to practice in 1821, came to Towanda in 1825. He was a gentleman of letters, a graduate of Union College, and began life in Towanda as a teacher. For many years he was a magistrate, and did an extensive business in connection with collecting. He also practiced at the bar. Mr. Barstow w^as a 510 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. man held in high esteem by his fellow-townsmen and was honored by them with various local offices of responsibility and trust, and served the county in the lower branch of the State Legislature from 1838 to 1840. He was an active, pious and devoted member of the Episcopal Church, and stood prominent in its councils, and was a ready supporter of both church and school interests. William Payson was a deputy sheriff, and lived in the old court- house. He came to the village as early as 1820, moving finally to the State line. . . Byron Kingsbury, son of Col. Joseph Kingsbury, of Sheshequin, located in the northern part of the village in 1825, on the farm now owned and occupied by his son, W. W. Kingsbury. . , George Robinson, a weaver by occupation, settled (1825) in the upper part of the village. He was familiarly known as " Robinson Crusoe." Thomas Barnes married a daughter. . . Deacon James Elliot, a brother of Thomas, kept a grocery and drug store, in 1825, on the corner of Main and Poplar streets, where Clark B. Porter now is. Subsequently Mr. Elliott sold out and removed to Ulster, where he remained some years, then I'eturned to Towanda to close his years, which almost reached a hundred. Morris Spalding, a cousm of Col. Harry, lived in Towanda for a number of years, first coming thereto as early as 1817. In 1822 he and Geo. W. Cash were associated together in the tanning business, which they continued till about 1827. He was postmaster of Towanda in 1822, appointed county clerk in 1824. and elected county commissioner in 1834. In 1825, he kept a store and occupied the framed house, near where the new Episcopal church foundation now is. He afterward kept a store farther down town, and finally removed to the State of Illinois with his family. Obadiah Spalding, a brother of Col. Harry, a "mechanic and single freeman," lived in Towanda from 1812 to 1817. . . Noah Spalding, another brother of Col. Harry, who had been associated with Wm. B. Spalding (a brother) in lumbering on the Towanda creek, became a villagerln about 1822. He built a tavern on the east side of the river, a little north of where the bridge approach now is, and kept it in con- nection with a ferry. He died in 1835, aged forty-seven years, and is buried at Riverside. . . John A. Spalding came to Tow^anda in 1824. He was a carpenter by trade ; was elected constable ; and afterward kept a grocery for some time. . . J. W. and G. K. Bingham erected a store on the ground where the Presbyterian church now stands, and began business in 1826. . . Elisha Munger, a silversmitli, or watch repairer, etc., came to the village in 1825. In 1826 the following were also residents of the village; Wm. W. Goodrich, shoemaker; John Turner, merchant; Robert Dunham, tailor; Andrew Mclntyre; John W. Berger, wagon-maker. In 1827 were added : Charles R. Brown, a cabinet-maker, who had a small shop and continued in business for some time. . . Thomas Policy s, a shoe- maker, became somewhat conspicuous as a fisherman. He had two sons, one of whom at one time edited a jiaper at Waverly, N. \ . . . Burton Kingsbury opened a store on the ground now occupied by E. F. Dittrich & Co."^, grocers, where he continued in business for some HrSTOHY OF RRADFOItF) COCNTV. 517 years, then sup|)lanted the wooden building by a brick one. In is^R he built a brick residence on tlie corner of Pine and Main streets. Dr. Samuel C. Huston, a native of Essex county, Mass., came to Towanda in 1827. He became eminent in iiis profession, was a man of great lirmness, integrity of purpose and strong likes and dislikes. He was unswervingly a Democi'at in [)olitics, and prominently identified with the Masonic Fraternity. Dr. Huston married Miss Emeline, daughter of Col. Hiram Mix. He died May 2ita] of $100,000, wiiich in 186.5 was increased to $125,000. Tiie officers were : Gordon F. Mason, president; N. N. Betts, cashier; directors, Jose])h Powell, C. S. Russell, O. I). 15artlctt, E. II. Smith, Geo. Stevens, E. W. Hale, M. E. Sok)mon and -1. (). Frost. On Jan. 13, 1865, Mr. Mason was succeeded by E. 11. Smith as pres- ident, who in tui'n was followed by Joseph Powell, who assumed the duties of that office January 13, 1870. Mr. C. L. Tracy succeeded Mr. Powell as president, and has held that office ever since. The new bank, erected in 187-1, occupies the site of the old banking-house on Main street. The capital stock of the First National Bank is $125,000; surplus and undivided profits, $126,061:.39; circulation, $28,125; deposits $761,451.08. The present board of directors are : Chas. L. Tracy, II. A. Mercur, Henry Streeter. Officers : Chas. L. Tracy, president ; N. N. Betts, cashier. TJie Citizens National Bank of Towanda. — This institution was chartered June 29, 1876, and was organized with the following officers and directors ; J. P. Kirbv, ])resident ; Geo. A. Guernsev, cashier; N. C. Elsbree, M. H. Laning, J. P. Jvirby, J. F. Means, P. D. Morrow, B. M. Peck, Henry Streeter, J. L. Kent, M. B. Wright, N. L. Lenheim, P. 11. Ackley, directors. J. P. Kirby was succeeded by E. T. Fox as president, Dec. 18. 1876, and Mr. Guernsey by G. W. Buck, as cashier, Oct. 3, 1880. The Citizens National Bank was formely in the Mercur block, but now occupies a building of its own situated on the corner of Main and Bridge streets. The capital stock of the Citizens' National Bank is $150,000 ; surplus and undivided profits, $58,244.20 ; circula- tion, $45,000 ; deposits, $460,481.27. The present officers are : E. O. Macfarlane, president ; J. K. Newell, cashier; directors, E. O. Mac- farlane, W. Dettrich and S. W. Little. The Towanda Library. — This is the result of a young ladies' musical society, which collected a few books for their own use, and afterward decided to benefit the town by starting a public library. The library has grown from a few hundred volumes to nearly six thousand. It was established during the winter of 1879-80. Tfumphrey Bros, eft Tracy, Shoe Factory. — First occupied a small l)uil(ling near where the new one now stands. In 1882. they com- menced building the one they now occupy. It is a three-story brick building, and has all the modern improvements. The firm employ about 125 hands, and turn out over 2,000 pairs of shoes weekly. The projn-ietors are I. B. Humphrey, Chas. Humphrey and Chas. L. Tracy. Daytoti's Steam Gristmill is one of the most important in the county. It was first built in 1870 by G. F. Mason & Co.; he failed, and it was purchased bv G. A. Davton. It is situated on South Main street ; has three run of stone and seventeen rolls, and a dail\' capacity of 250 bushels of buckwheat, which is its chief output about six months in the year; from sixteen to twenty hands are employed. 528 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUMTY. Hale's Planing Mill is situated on South Main street. It was completed in building in 1888, and makes doors, sasb, blinds and general mill work ; has six saws, three planers and ninety-three horse-poweren- gine ; main building 00x128; boiler, engine and dry houses; employs about twenty-three men. It is the largest industry of the kind in the county. First started by L. B. Kodgers, was burned and he rebuilt in 1882, and run it until 1887, when it was burned again. Proprietors are E. W, and B. T. Hale. IIu7nphrey Mannfactxiring Company. — Building erected in 1888. The firm was composed of J. D. Humphrey, C. D. Humphrey, E. Overton and J. O. Blight. Twenty-five horse-power engine, twenty employes; make sawmill machinery, coal breakers, etc. Nail Worhs. — Proprietor, W. H. Godcharles; superintendent, Simon Kendall. Originally it was ^he Towanda Iron and Nail Worlcs', founded in 1870 by a joint-stock company. Col. J. F. Means, presi- dent; II. L. Scott, secretary and treasurer. First cost of plant, $100,000. These parties ran it three years; it was then idle until 1879, when it was leased to R. A. Bostley three years, and at expira- tion of lease they purchased the property and ran it until February 1, 1888. These three companies, combined, came into the ownership, and at once they turned it over to R. A. Bostley and W. H. Godcharles, and, since the death of Mr. Bostley, it has been in possession of Mr. Godcharles. February 4, 1891, it w^as destroyed by fire, being a total loss, on which, however, w^as a large insurance. Immediate steps to rebuild were taken, and the work was pushed to completion in the early part of August following, when it was enlarged and greatly im- proved and in full operation, with a capacity of about 10,000 kegs of nails per month ; employs about one hundred and fifty men. Toivanda Foundry Company .—N^ 2i^ first started about 1875 by John Carman; from him it passed to Col. John F. Means, who after- ward associated in the concern his son ; they ran it until 1881, when it became as now named, the company being Edward Frost, L. R. Frost and M. A.Rockwell. It has 150 horse-power engine, four lathes, two planes, two drills, etc., foundry and machine shop combined. Output is saw-lath mills, and shingle mills, gang edgers, etc. Iron and brass output about 20,000 pounds annually ; employs twelve hands. Frost's Furniture Factory. — This is on Pine and River streets: use the same power as the foundry. It was established in 1871 on Charles street, burned in 1881, and rebuilt where it stands; employs ninety to one hundred men. Firm owns two sawmills, one in Sullivan county, at Lake Reese, the other at South Branch, in this county ; latter built, in 1880, a steam mill, capacity 20,000 feet per day ; sawing only for themselves. Their stock is exclusively wholesaled. Toy Factory. — Originated thirty years ago in Newark, N. J., and then moved to Monroeton, this county, and ground broke for present plant in July, 1887. Has two hundred operatives; output about $150,000 annually. Ihiilding three stories, including the main, the ware-house, paint" and boiler house; 250 horse-power engine. It is a joint-stock company, and the following are tlie officers: President and superintendent, William H. Hawes ; treasurer, N. N. Betts ; Harrison Detrick HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 531 secretary, John W. Mix; directors, J. O. I>lif>-lit, Charles L. Tracy, E. O. Macfarlane, C. B. Porter, E. W. Hale and R. A. Mercur. In the borouffh are the followinji: business concerns: One affricul- tural implements, four banks, four bakeries, seven barbers, three bill- iard parlors, eight blacksmiths, four boarding-houses, one book-binder, three books and stationery, seven boot and shoe dealers, seven boot and shoe makers, one boot and shoe manufacturer, two bottling works, one brick manufacturer, one brewery, two butter and egg dealers, one carpet-cleaning company, four carpet dealers, two carriage dealers, four carriage and wagon manufacturers, six carpenters and builders, one Chicago dressed beef business, three cigar manufacturers, six clothiers, one coach maker, seven coal dealers, twelve confectioneries, two coo{)ers, three crockery and glassware, three dentists, three dray- men, twenty dressmakers, four druggists, ten dry-goods stores, one express agent, two dealers in flaffo-ino' and buildino; stone, two fiourinci: mills, one florist, two foundries and machine shops, three furniture dealers, one furniture manufacturer, one gas company, six gents' fur- nishing stores, twenty grocers, two gunsmiths, one dealer in hair goods, four hardware merchants, two harness manufacturers, six dealers in hats and caps, two hay and straw dealers, two dealers in hides and pelts, one horse improvement company, two ice dealers, six insurance agents, five jewelers, four job printers, one junk dealer, forty lawyers, two laundries, one dealer in leather and findings, one library, tiiree liquor dealers, five livery and boarding stables, seven lumber dealers, four masons, five meat markets, four merchant tailors, seven millinery establishments, four dealers in music and musical instruments, tixe music teachers, six dealers in paints and oils, three painters, two ))awnbrokers, three photographers, twelve physicians, three planing mills, three plumbers and gas-fitters, one produce dealer, two real estate agents, five restaurants, two dealers in sewing machines, two surveyors, four dealers in ti'unks and valises, two undertakers, two veterinary surgeons, two dealers in wall paper, one wood dealer, four upholsterers, one tea company, one toy manufacturer, one telegraph company, one telephone company. Hotels. — American House, Aurora House, Barrett's Hotel, Bolan's Hotel, Bradford Flouse, El well House, Griffin's Hotel, Hotel Ochs. Junction House, Seelev's Hotel, Tidd's Hotel, Walbrido-e Hotel. Ward H' - ' ' o . ouse. 39 533 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY CHAPTER L. TROY TOWNSHIP— TROY BOROUGH. NOAH WILSON the father of the venerable Col. Irad Wilson, of Alba, came on with his family to that place in the spring of 1803. The colonel speaks of the following individuals as being then the occu- pants of this vicinity : Elihu Smead, in a little log cabin near the present residence of Mrs. Thomas Maxwell, with a chopping of about an acre ; John Barber, with a similar cabin, and chopping near the site of Viele's steam-mill ; toward the south was a little clearing of Caleb Williams, and that of Keuben Case ; next was Sanmel Case, on the Wood farm, now belonging to the estate of Edwin C. Williams; farther on was Aaron Case, where is the farm of Shepard Spalding ; and Dr. Rowley, on that now owned by Alonzo Thomas, his grandson. These sons of the forest mustered in force to cut a roati through to Alba, for the ]mssage of Noah Wilson and his family to their new home. Uel Porter, with his father and eider brother, John, came to the Porter farm in 1813. . Hon. Reuben Wilbur settled here in 1807. He spent about six months with Esquire Nathaniel Allen, of whom he purchased about three hundred acres. Elihu Smead and Aaron Case seem to have been at that time the only inhabitants of the village proper, the latter living in a cabin near the present residence of Mrs. George Hull. Thomas Barber lived near the site of the old " Taylor House," now owned by G. F. Viele, and Joseph Barber, near the present residence of John A. Parsons. •Upon an eminence overlooking Sugar creek, something over a mile eastward from Troy village, there stand the ruins of a building, probably one of the'first framed houses built in this region. The stone wall which has long supported the ancient structure is tottering to its fall. Within, you may see the chimney of stone, with its ample tire- ]ilace. Near by are some aged Lombardy poplars, which Dr. Almerin Herrick, in his journal, now unfortunately lost, states that he assisted in settmg out in the year 1818. This" building was formerly the residence and tavern of Maj. Ezra Long, who came hither from Vermont, about the year 1810. Samuel Rockwell', the father of Luther and Rufus Rockwell, occu- pied in those days a house near where H. F. Long resides. Like his son Luther, he left nine sons grown to maturity. He afterward built and occupied a two-story house at the summit of the hill, south of the road to Troy, which was standing not many years since. The first flouring-mill was originally erected bv an individual named Ward, and afterward owned by Maj.\Long. Were we able it would be a matter of curiosity to compare its machinery and dimensions (the dam being then only "six feet in height) with those of what is now known as Long's mills, standing upon the original site and rebuilt by HISTORY OF RRADI'ORI) (;0UN1Y. 533 H. F. Long in 1858. Another mill on a small scale was afterward built by Thos. Barber, in the glen above, near the bend in the Rock road ; some of the spars of the dam were to be seen but a few \^ears since still projecting above the watei-. The carding and cloth-dressing works below Long's mills were put in operation by Samuel Conant about the year 1808. The main building, which, with the older one in its rear, was destroyed by fire in November, 1875, was built by Luther Rockwell for Clement Paine in 1840. Elder Adriel Ilebard is said to have come into this section from Vermont, about the year 1800, and occupied a house on the present site of J. G. Loveland's. The large butternut tree shading the road near the house below, is said to have been planted by him. West of the Burlington road, about half-way between Maj. Long's and Esquire Allen's, stood the old Shad school-house, probably tlie earliest institution of learning, and there are those living who may remember taking their first lessons from Webster or Cobb within its humble walls. It took its name from tlie weather-vane, in the form of a Ush, which surmounted the building. The first board-roofed house in the township was erected by Gen. Elihu Case in 1798. The first house in the borough was built by Tim- othy Nichols, father-in-law of E. Case, in 1800. Nichols sold to Elihu Smead, who previously had resided at the foot of the mountain, on Smead creek. Elder Rich, a Baptist preacher, was the first adult interred in Glenwood Cemetery, in 1812. One of the earliest documents connected with the progress of the place at an early period, is the following, dated Noveml3er 5, 1823 : At a meetiug of a number of the inliabitants of the virinity of Lansingbxirgh, at the school-house, to devise or tix some phiu for finishing the said school-house, thereby making it the more comfortable for our children, and we, the proprietors, the more applauded by foHuerti. Voted, unanimous, that we tinish off the school house. Pro- ceeded to sine for tbe purpose above-mentioned, and then voted that after the subscrip- tion is expended, to proceed in finishing off the same, and we are bound tn pay in proportion to wliat we have already sincd . To be superintended by Almerin Herrick. (Signed) Laban Landen, Chnirnuni. Elihu Case, Secretary. The accompanying subscription is signed by A. Herrick, Churchill Barnes and John Dobbins, well known in the earlv history of the place, both acting for some time as justices of the peace ; Elihu New- ber\% Zoroaster Porter, Benjamin Oviatt; Isaac N. Pomeroy, \\x\g Baldwin, Elihu Case, Ansell Williams. Abraham Case, James Lucas. Daniel Gregory and several others. It is noticeable that there are three columns opposite the signatures: one being for number of days' work subscribed, another for number of bushels of wheat, and the third for number of feet of lumber. There is also a column for sub- scrij)tions in money : but all the contributions are in the otlier columns. Dr. Almerin Herrick's subscription takes the lead, being eight days' work, two bushels of wheat and ten pounds of iron ; Elihu Case's sub- scription, one day's woi-k, two hundred feet of boards, and ten pounds of iron, towards andirons; Vine Baldwin's, twenty pounds of four- penny and eightpenny nails, and twenty pounds of iron. Vine Baldwin was the father of Thos. B. Baldwin. He then had a 534 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. store at this place, and for some time kept tavern in a building stand- ing where the "Troy House" now stands. . Elihu Newbery came here with a horse, saddle and bridle ; for which he purchased of Elihu Smead a lot of land, about two and a half acres, including that on which his son, George N. T^ewbery lives, the consideration mentioned in the deed being twenty dollars per acre. . Col. Isaac N. Fome- roy and Ebenezer Pomeroy came in about 1818. They were natives of Connecticut, and for some years carried on the carding and cloth- dressing works below Long's' mills. Like Dr. Ilerrick, they had for some time no intention of making this a permanent home. Col. Pom- eroy, in a few years, bought Conant's tavern on the corner, which was i-eplaced by him, in 1837-38, by the " Eagle *' tavern, a wooden building with lofty columns, which was destroyed by fire in 1852. A little house standing on the summit of the hill, above Samuel Pomeroy 's large mansion, was for a time the residence of Col. Pomeroy after his arrival. TROY BOROUGH. Troy was incorporated as a borough April 11, 1845, with boundaries as follows : Beginning at a stake m the Elmira road, near the north- east corner of the bridge across Sugar creek, near D. Dobbins' house ; thence west 138 rods to an elm tree on O. P. Ballard's west fine: then south 46 ^ west ninetv-one perches to a stake on the north side of the Wellsborouo-h road ; then south 12^ ^ west 100 rods to a stake on Jerry Adams' land; thence south 82^ east 105^ perches to a dry maple tree on the land' of Seeley Mann; thence nortii 40 ^ east 140^ perches to a stake on land of S. W Pame on south side of road; then north 7*^ east 85 rods to place of beginning. The first burgess was Edwin C. Oliver ; council : G. T. Redington, V. M. Long, Frederick Onwan, Layton Punyan ; clerk, A. E. Thomas; high constable, Thomas B. "Baldwin ; 'street commissioner, Laban Bowen. In 1848 occurred a most disastrous fire, destroying every business house in the borough, except that of G. F. Redington. In 1871 the present fire- engine house was built. In the early borough days we find an ordinance on the records forbidding " horse racing, and bathing in Sugar creek," within the borough limits. A bird's-eye view of Troy, just previous to the Civil War, Tvould present something as follows: On the corner across from the -^ Troy House" were two stores, one kept by Col. I. N. Pomeroy and the other by I. F. Redington. Col. Pomeroy at that time kept the ^' Troy House." Immediately west on that street was a small vellow house owned by James Lamb, afterward occupied by his dauiiiiter. This constituted Main street. There was a small black- smiUishopon Canton street near Redington avenue by Elihu New- berv, and a wagon shop by Ilickok nenr the railroad station. Going east from the '"Troy House," the first you came to was Dr. Herrick's residence, where now reside his son's family ; the next was Mr. Welles' house, still standing a little south of Van Dyne's present residence. The old frame school-house stood on the west bank of the stream, near the propertv of the Fitch heirs. The Baptist church. HISTORY OF HIIADKOKD COUNTY. 535 where it now stands, was built in 1884. The Episcopal church was built in 184:1, afterward sold to the Oatholics, and tlie new Episcopal church where it now stands was built by the Disciples in 1850, and sold to the E))iscopals in 1860. The Catholic church was built mostly bv O. P. Ballard', in 1841. The Methodist Episco])al church was built in 1854, and is now the Opera House and postoffice building. It was sold to R. F. Redington, and is also used as a court-room. After this sale the Methotlists built their present church on Redington avenue. The new and very large Presbyterian (Ti'inity) church was built in 1875-76, the largest iind finest church in the borough. Their first building, put up in 1832, stood on West Main street, and is now a part of Mrs. Oliver's barn ; their second building was erected in 1847-48, now owned by N. M. Pomeroy. The present borough officers are : Burgess, A, B. McKean ; clerk, H. K. Mitchel ; treasurer, S. B. Aspinwall ; council, R. IT. Cooley, S. W. Pomeroy, H. S. Leonard, Brainard Bowen, L. II. Oliver and Geo. O. llolcomb. Troy was in 1832, as remembered by Israel A, Pierce, Esq., as fol- lows: Commencing on Elmira street was a small house owned by a man named Case; then there was nothing until you came to where Wagner now lives, at one time occupied by Dr. Fitch. The next build- ing, where now stands the "Troy House," was an old frame tavern, the ''Jackson House," and when President Jackson '-removed the dej)osits" his name was obliterated, and it became the "Troy House," kept by Benj. Seeley, and burned in 1848. The next house was the noted Ballard building, dwelling, store, printing office, hall and some- times hotel, an immense wooden structure ; this was destroyed by fire in 1848. Except a small grocery store, this was all on the north side of Elmira sti"eet. On the south side of the street, there was nothing until you reached Spalding's plaster mills ; this was then Hickok's gristmill. The old house still stands. The next was a house occupied by Mr. Bliss, rebuilt in 1832, by D. F. Pomeroy; then there was nothing until you reached Judge Adams' briclv residence. On Main street there was no building till you reached Paine's bridge, where were Paine's house and a small gristmill run by water. There was a small tannery west of the gristmill, operated by Judge Adams, an old wagon shop and then E. C.Oliver's house. The next was a store where is now the hotel. The next was where is now Kendall's residence ; then Barnes' old residence, and then a small grocery store kept by John (lummings, and then Morrison Paine's store opposite the hotel. Dr. Almerin Herrick came to Troy in 1817; died March 17, 1843, married. May 2, 1819, Eleanoi- Ilurlbut, who died January 18, 1887, aged eighty-eight years. O. P. Ballard is believed to have established himself in ti'ade here in the fall of 1822, having been, for a few 3'ears, a clerk in the store of Clement Paine, at Athens. He commenced with a ^ew goods taken on commission of Charles L. Hopkins, of that place, and succeeded so well as to buy out liis partner at the close of the first year. The people from this section had previously been under the necessity of 536 HISTOKY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. going to Athens to trade, for the most part, and, as he was accustomed to relate, dealt very freely according to their means, when they found an opportunity, at length, of buymg goods near home; if they could not tind just the article they came for they were pretty sure to invest in something else. The staple articles of trade and produce in the country, as Clement Paine writes, in the year 1810, were cattle, wheat and lumber. He adds: " Lately the manufacture of potash has been introduced into the adjacent towns. I have endeavored to promote this branch of business by furnishing the necessary implements and materials, and we shall, the present year, receive about one hundred bar- rels of the article, whereas three years ago there was none manu- factured." This manufacture, carried on amid the forests of western Bradford, must have involved a destruction of timber that would now, even in this wooden country, be looked upon as deplorable, great quantities of the finest trees being cut, piled and burned, merely to gather up the ashes for boiling down into potash. It was worth, in those days, about twenty or twenty-five dollars per barrel, and being an article easy of transportation, it soon afforded an important item of industry and income. The dilRculties of trade in those early daj^s must have been very great ; it was mostly barter, owing to the scarcity of money, and the transportation of produce to market, or of goods from the city, was attended with great expense, delay, and risk. A trip to Philadelphia with wagons, as w^as customary, for goods, occupied about three weeks; but in those days a few wagon-loads of goods made up what was con- sidered a large assortment; if the assortment was in fact small, the prices ^ of course had to be large in an inverse ratio. When John Cummms, many years ago, opened a little store here, the advertisement he published was headed, " Small boats must keep near shore; larger ones may venture more." In connection with which idea. Nelson Adams made the re- mark, after noticing the limited extent of his stock, " I guess you must have come over in a canoe." George Kress was one of the early merchants of Troy, buying out the stock of Vine Baldwin. Gen. Kress built the house now owned by Robert Kendall, in its day probably the most aristocratic style of residence in the place. O. P. Ballard for some time controlled to a considerable extent the trade of the place. Gillett & Cone commenced business here about 1836 or 1837. G. F. Redington was here first as their clerk, until he and D. F. Pomeroy bought them out. and established their store on the corner, which was subsequently, and for quite a long period, the scene of business o})erations of the Pomeroy Brother. Troy in 1827. Dr. Silas E. Siiepard came here, and in his lifetime he said: Caleb Williams then lived near the present site of Delos Pockwell and Warren Williams, in the old Spalding house; Ansel Williams in the old Seel}^ Mann house, where E. B. Parson's house stands. Next was Joseph Wills, who married the widow of Moses Case, in the old two-story house still standing in the rear of S. H. Fitch's house. Along the present Canton street, at that time, the forest came for the most HrSTORY OK BRADKOKI) COUNTY. 537 ])art wilhin twentv-iive rods of. the road, and covered the liill west of the creek. Mr. Wells' sawmill stood near where Bowen's tannery is at this time. A small foundry was afterward erected there by Capt. Josei)h Morse, and sul)sequently carried on by him and Tlios. E. Paine. Jas. A. Paine after took the business, and after him Seth ^V. Paine, who removed it finallv to the place wiiere, thi-ough a long term of years, he continued and extended it. It was in 18;^>S that the first brick store was erected by Long, Taylor, and Thomas. It stood on the present site of H. F. Long's block. T/'0(/ Fire Conipani/. — Oscar Liewa engine house was built in 1871. They have a steam ' engine and hose company; officers: G. S. McGlema, foreman ; Kent Mitchell, secretary; Albert Morgan, presi- dent. The companv was organized in 1870; engine bought the same year. J, H. Grant'was chief for five years; E. Porter, foreman. Tanneries.— As earlv as 1827, Calvin Dodge built a small tannery with four or five vats. This was Laban Bowen's, and is now the prop- erty of Brainerd Bowen, his son, which has been extensively enlarged, and is now one of the important industries of the county. K Van Dynes Tannery.— -Islv. Van Dyne was with Bowen for some time, when he purchased an interest in his present tannery with B. II. Hobart and N. C. Porter, who had established the business, and in time Mr. Van Dvne became sole owner. Large additions were added in 1890, making 'this tannery one of the most prominent ones of the county. Foundry and Machine Shop on East Main street, by Austin Mitchell, was built in 1882, water power, on the site of the old Paine foundry. Troy has the following business concerns: Four drug stores, one clothing store; five dry-goods stores; three hardware stores; two fur- niture stores; six grocery stores ; three jewelry stores ; gristmill owned by Geo. Dillion 6l Son, situated on Elniira street— (roller process ; the old mill was built by George Viele, and was once used as a brewery. One mile east of Troy was originally Long's gristmill, now operated by W. R. McCleary);' furniture factory, by L. 11. Oliver, on Pvailroad and Canton streets (was built by Olive r,''Sr., twenty years ago; out- put, all kinds of household furniture) ; planing mill by J. J. Boliger, southwest of town, one and a half miles (was built in 1880); saw and planing mill, one mile north of Troy borough by Snedeker & Mitchel (thev have three portable mills in the county) ; engine com- pany (incorporated; was started in 1S90 ; employs twenty men, makes drill engines of all kinds). Troy Schools.— T\\Q old red school-house was built in 18-15; the first teacher was Henry Card. A significant fact is that three families sent twenty-five children to the school. The Troy schools became graded schools in 18(57. The school building was completed in 1866. DeLos Rockwell at that period served two years as secretary of school board, and then for twenty-three years was president of the board. The building has six rooms, a teacher in each, and an enroll- ment of three hundred. The old Academy was incorporated in 1842, and for sometime the State aided it. Prof. J. T. McCoUom was prm- 538 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. cipal from 1873 to 1884, and chiefly organized the graded schools. His predecessor was H. H. Hutton, four years. The present princi- pal is Daniel Fleisher. Troy Farmers Cluh was organized in 1874. The first officers were James C. McKean, president; Edward Rockwell, vice-president; Geo. M. Card, secretary; A. M. Cornell, treasurer; A. S. Hooker, reporting secretary. On October 8 and 9, 1875, a free fair was held. Janu- ary 8, 1876, A. H. Thomas was elected president, F. P. Cornell, vice- president; and G. M. Card, secretary. The club was incorporated in 1876, and a fair was held September 27-28-29. In 1882 new grounds were secured, known as "Alperon Park," on the farm of John A. Parsons, one mile northeast of the village, and a fine track was made. The present officers are: Geo. O. Holcomb, president ; J. R. Van- Amoy, secretary. Mr. Holcomb has a fine stock farm where he breeds the finest line of trotting horses in the county; he also makes a spe- cialty in keeping improved swine, and registered cattle. He owns a "Membrino King," "Almond 33," and other noted horses. Miscellaneous. — Isaac W. Pomeroy came to Troy in 1817, and soon after engaged in operating the old' Paine woolen mill, water-power, built by Clement D. Paine, in 1812. Mr. Pomeroy operated it about fifteen years, when he purchased and ran the "Troy Hotel" property, and with this a farm ; then built the "Eagle Hotel" about 1830, and retired from active life about the time of the completion of the rail- road. He was one of the active, energetic, strong men of the ])lace, and was an important factor in building it up. Judge Jerre Adams, of Troy, died in January, 1867; he was a native of Springfield, Mass., born in 1794, and came to the county and settled in Athens in 1816. where he set up a small tannery, and after- ward had Joel Adams in partnership in his tannery. Mr. Adams married Cynthia Decker, and in 1828 removed to Troy, established a tannery and built his residence, afterward the "Farmers' Hotel." In 1840 he commenced merchandising, and had his son-in-law, Col. Fred- erick Orwan, as a partner; in 1837 he was superintendent of the North Branch Canal, and so remained until the crash of 1842; in 1848 he became associate judge, serving three years ; in 1862 he sold out in Troy and went to Elmira, but after a year returned to Troy, and finally removed to Waverly where he died. The old Baptist church"^stood in the center of the cemetery. The more modern cemetery contains about twenty acres — the old one has only about two acres. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COl^NTY. 539 CHAPTER LI. TUSCARORA TOWNSHIP. rr^ HIS township Avas erected from Wyalusino- in 18;^>0, and received 1 the name of Spring Hill. In 1856 the name was changed to Tuscarora. Joseph Wharton built the first log cabin. . There was no road along the river until as late as 1790, travelers taking the Indian paths or river-beach. This pioneer improvised his samp-mill by felling a huge white pine, and hollowing out the stump for his mortar, and used a heavy Indian pestle for grinding the corn. The owner of this mill frequently loaned its use to his neighbors — after he had some — for there was no water-mill nearer than the Wyoming valley. Wharton cleared and fenced about sixty acres of land, and set out an orchard, also built a second log house in the central part of his clearing. This house stood some thirty rods from the present location of the road, and directly back of Edwards' farm-house. In 1808, Joseph Wharton conveyed this farm to Elihu Hall and Elihu Hall. Jr. The Halls were carpenters, and made but little im])rovement on the land. I'inding the Wharton house too small for both families they demolished it, and built a long log house, with a chimney at each end. . While the Halls were in possession, the Spring Hill road was opened in part. They built a plank house on this road, and sold to Jacob Gray in the spring of 1815. Rev. D. D. Gray was then a boy seven years old, and he asserted that he traveled every sled path, and visited every habitable part of the township, the first year of his residence. He thus names the families resident in the township in that year, 1815; Thomas Morley, Stephen Beeman, Edward Cogswell, and Elislia Cogswell, on Tuscarora creek ; James Black, Harry Ackley, Jacob Huff. Reuben Shumway. and Stephen Bowen, on Spring Hill; William Clink and Daniel Johnson, on South Spring Hill. These settlers had at that time from two to twelve acres of cleared land each, the whole of the improved land in the township, aside from the Wharton farm, probabh^ not exceeding eighty acres. About this time Jeremiah Lewis, Chester Wells, and several others made a beginning, and in the course of a few years all the land suita- ble for farming purposes was taken up. . The first settler on the Tuscarora creek, within the present bounds of the township, was Oliver Sisson, who came thereto in 1805, and located four miles from the river, on the farm known on the Bi'adfor-d county map as the ''Cogswell Homestead," and the hill known as Sisson hill received its name from him. He died in 1809, leaving all of his property to his wife, his will being recorded in Wilkes-Barre. as this was then a part of Luzerne county. The possession, or quitclaim right, was conveyed bv the widow to Julius and Elisha Cogswell about 1809. Julius soon ">40 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. after conve\'e(l his interest, to Elisha, and the farm has ever since remained in the family down to Rev. Bela Cogswell. Edward, Joel and Daniel Cogswell, three brothers, came from Connecticut and settled in Bradford count}'. Daniel soon moved away and was lost sight of. Joel settled near Le Raysville, where he lived and died. He reared a large family of children, and was the father of the elder Dr. Cogswell. Edward was a miller b\' trade, lie settled on the farm owned and occupied by his grandson. Dr. Cogswell, a son of Elisha Cogswell. Elisha Cogswell was a soldier in the War of 1812. His wife was the daugiiter of Bela Ford, who came from New York to Pike township, as early as 1807. Reuben Shiimway came into Tuscarora in 1805. He came from Steuben countv, N. Y., in 1801, to the Wyalusing, near the residence of the Widow Buck, and lived there fouryears. He also lived a short time on Lime hill. He settled in Tuscarora, on the farm owned by Stephen Lyon. At this time there was nothing but a foot-path over the hill. His wife was Miriam Town, a sister of Joseph C. Town. She died in 1819, and was the first person who died on the hill, and the first person buried in the burying-ground near Mr. Lyon's. The two brothers, John and William Clink, came in 1814 to Spring Hill. ^ " Benjamin Hurlbut came to the Wyalusing creek in 1803. He was a miller, and was employed in Gordon's, and afterward in Town's, mill. He came to the hill in 1805 or 1806, his brother Amos coming with him. Stephen Beeman came in 1809, and began a clearing a mile below the Sisson place, where Oliver Warner lived ; resided there until death. . Alpheus and Daniel Lewis Crawford, brothers, came from Connecticut and settled at East Spring Hill about 1829. David Lacey came about the same time. The father of the Crawfords came to Wyoming at an early day. Emanuel Silvara came from Portugal. When a lad he secreted himself on a vessel bound for the United States, and was discovered when a short distance from port. On landing in America the captain sold him for three years to pa}' for his passage. He served his time, after which he married and came to East Spring Hill about 1839. He bought the Crawford's farm, and though to a great extent ignorant of our language and destitute of all advantages of education, he accumu- lated a line property. The little village which has sprung up about the place where the old mansion was built is called Silvara in his honor. He reared a large and respectable family. Burrows Dowdney was from New Jersey, and lived at the mills. Some time after Abial Keeney bought Dowdney's farm, and the latter removed from the town. DaVid Dare was a relative of Dowdney's, and Dare's sister was the wife of George Smith. . Jacob Huff was a native of Germany, and emigrated therefrom to this country about the time hostilities commenced between the mother country and the Colonies. He enlisted in the service of the latter, and was engaged in the battles of Long Island, White Plains, Brandy wine and others. He lived where Milton Lewis resided. . Other earlv settlers were HISTORY OF HIIADFOIU) COrNTY. 541 Daniel Merritt, on the place occiii)ie(l by Martin Lyon: Moses Rowley, where the (Tartlands lived ; Richards and 8tarks. The lirst sawmill was built about 1820, by Ludd Gaylord, near the moutL of the creek where the present foundry is located. A gristmill was afterward built there. . The lirst white child born in the township was Marinda, a daughter, to Julius Cogswell, in 1811. The first death in the town among the settlers was that of Oliver Sisson, in 1809. . The first marriage in the toAvnshij) was that of John Morley and Orilla Cogswell, in 1816. The ceremony was performed by llev. John liazzard, the first Methodist circuit preacher on the creek. . The first regular religious services wei-e held by this minister in 1813, in the house built by Oliver Sisson. . The first carriages were carts. The wheels were blocks sawed off of large logs, the blocks being from six to eight inches in thickness. These were facetious Iv called "Toad smashers." CHAPTER LII. ULSTEE TOWNSHIP. WHAT is now known as Ulster was originally called Sheshequin. When Gen. Spalding first settled in what is now called She- shequin, and built the first log cabin, he gave that name to his settle- ment, and for man}^ years the two places were each called Sheshequin ; and, to distinguish one from the other, that on the west side of the river was named Old Sheshequin, and that on the east side, New Sheshequin. The new Sheshequin becoming much the more important place, at length threw off the qualifymg term, and became simply Sheshequin, while Old Sheshequin, after much discussion, and several different names having been proposed, at length took the name of both the Connecticut and Pennsylvania township, and, by the general acquiescence of the inhabitants, has retained the name which was assigned to it. The present township known by this name is but a very small rem- nant of the one first organized as Ulster. The original township was about five miles from north to south, and about eighty fi"om CMst to west; the present Ulster is a trifle greater distance from north to south, and not more than three miles from east to west. It is bounded by the Susquehanna on the east, North Towanda on the south, Smithfield on the west, and Athens on the north. Along the river are the plains usually found along the river, broken by high land between Ulster and Milan, and terminated on the south by the Ulster mountain. West of the river the land rises to a considerable height, Moore's hill being among the highest points of land in the county. The hills, though high, are not steep, and are susceptible of cultivation to their 542 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. very suniuiils, and good crops are raised by the thrifty farmers whose farms cover tlieir rugged sides. Early Settlers. — Settlers came into Ulster about the same time that Col. Spalding and others went into Shesequin, 1783 and 1784. A number of them were from Wyoming, and came about the same time, if they did not come together. Of these may be mentioned, as one of the pioneers, Capt. Benjamin Clark, who was among the very first to build a house on the "town-plat" of Wilkes-Barre, having emigrated from Tolland county, Conn. He was a corporal in the First Independent Com- pany of Wyoming, under Capt. Kobert Durkee, and served seven years in the Revolutionary War. In the battle of Mud Fort, the man in front of him had his head shot off by a cannon-ball. He was one of the detachment sent for the relief of Wyoming after the fatal battle, and was in the army of Gen. Sullivan, which devastated the Indian country in 1779. For his services he received a pension of $96 per year. Subse- quently he was appointed a captain in the militia, and was known by old settlers as Capt. Clark. After peace, Capt. Clark remained in Wyoming one year. In the spring of 1784 he moved to the place now called Frenchtown, and the year after came up to Ulster, built a log house on the bank of the river, and moved his family into it in the spring of 1785; a tenement building on the Ross farm now marks the site of Capt. Clark's first house. It will be remem- bered, an unusually severe rain fell in October, 1786, causing an unusual rise in the river called the " Pumpkin freshet." Capt. Clark's house stood on the low flat near the river. The water began to rise rapidly, the family became alarmed and fled to the hills, and Mr. Clark commenced moving his goods from the house; and so rap- idly did the water rise, that across a low place between his house and the hillside, where was dry ground when he went for his last load of goods, he was compelled to swim his oxen on tiie return. Although soaked with water, the family iiad no shelter for their heads from the storm on that chilly October niglit. The water came up to the eaves of the house, but the building resisted the force of the current, and after the flood subsided the family moved back into it. Capt. Clark died in Ulster, August 9, 1834, aged eighty-seven years. Ad rial Simons came from Connecticut about the same time as Capt. Clark, and occupied the farm now owned by Mr. YanDyke and Adolphus Watkins. He was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, was taken prisoner by the British in one of the battles fought in the vicin- ity of New York, and was for a long time confined in one of the prison ships in Long Island sound, where he suft'ered untold hardships from the confinement, hunger, cold and filth, which gave those float- ing dens such an unenviable notoriety. Solomon Tracy lived in the lower part of Ulster, on the farm now owned by Mr. Mather. He was born in Litchfield county. Conn., January 'l, 1756. His wife was Mary Wells, born in Southold, on Long Island, March 5, 1765 ; was a sister to Gen. Henry Wells, for whom Wellsburg, in New York, and Wells township, in Bradford counts'^ were named. Hon. Henrv W. Tracy, a son of Capt. Solomon, says T" My oldest sister was born October 19, 1787. AVhen she was I HISTORY OF BRADFOKl) COU^JTY. 543 a child, they moved to Ulster. 1 have lieard nvy mother say she carried her m her arms through the Breakneck narrows on horseback. Eli llolcomb came from Simmsbury, Conn., and in March, 1793. settled in Ulster, on the place now occupied by Mr. Walker. The llol- comb sawmill, on Cash's ci'eek, was known for a long distance, and lumber, with which most of the houses in Ulster and adjoining towns were built, was sawed there. Chester Bingham was at Ulster at an early day. . Thomas Overton, born in England, came from Luzerne coanty to Athens, where he resided a short time, and then purchased the Solomon Tracy place in Ulster. Here he kept a public-house for a number of years. Above the Narrows, toward Milan, Joseph C. Powell lived. The place was known by those who ran the river as Powell's eddy. William and Joseph Loughry, probably brothers, early settled in Ulster. By deed dated December 11, 1794, lieuben Fuller, of Tioga, conveys to' William Loughry, of Tioga, a lot described as Nos. 1 and 2 of Ulster, and opposite New Sheshequin. In the back part of Ulster is what is known as the Moore's Hill settlement. Clement Paine owned some property in this place, on the Burlington road, and had made some improvement on it, and Jeduthan, a son of Capt. Adrial Simons, was living in the same neighborhood about 1820 to 1825. Mr. Howie bought the place of Mr. Paine, and Peter McAuley was near him. Besitles these there are families of Pollocks, Mathers, Dicksons and others, names familiar to every reader of Scotch history. Ulster Milage. — The present postmaster is K. A. Ilorton. The first postmaster, in 1870, was J. llolcomb. . The magnihcent iron bridge at Ulster was built in 1889, one of the first iron bridges spanning the Susquehanna. Before this bridge was built they had an old rope ferry. Uriah Shaw, of Ulster, was born in Sheshequin in 1806, and is now eighty-six years old. His recollections of this por- tion of the county are very remarkable. He says the first coal boat on the canal, Capt. May commanding, left Pittston (m November 11, 1856, and passing Ulster reached Elmira on the seventeenth. On December 18, 1771, his father, Ebenezer Shaw, died at Mrs. Gore's in Sheshequin, aged one hundred years, three months, twelve days. The first railroad ticket sold at Ulster was bought by his brother, Norman Shaw. The lailroad station, for some time, was an old canal-boat. The present station agent is Henry Shaw, appointed in April, 1871. On the tombstones in the old Ulster grave-yard are found the fol- lowing inscriptions: Adrial Summers, died July 27, 180o. Mrs. Mercv Rice, died April 12, 1813. Mary Overton, wife of Thomas Overton, died April 15,1815; Thomas Overton died November 11, 1835. Harrv Carpenter died in January, 1808. Capt. Benjamin Clark, a soldi*er of the Revolution, died August 9, 1834, aged 87; his wife Keziah died Aug. 12, 1837, aged 91. The first gristmill in Ulster was built in 1806, by Thomas Overton. The next one was built by Charles Welles, at first as a sawmill : was burned twice and then made a gristmill. Crescent mills, Ulster, 544 HIiSTOKY OF BRADFOKD COUJSTT. (steam-power), operated by A. Armstrong, lessee, has a capacity of forty barrels of flour per day. The village of Ulster has the following industries: A sawmill, by AVatkins & Gore; two general dry -goods stores; cigar factory; grocery store; drugstore; a livery stable ; one clothmg store ; one millinery store ; two blacksmith shops and one meat market. There are two hotels—'' Van Dyke House," by E. J. Mathews, and " Ulster House," by Watkins & Gore — two churches, town hall, etc. Milan, situated three miles above Ulster, is a railroad depot. It was formerly called " Marshall's Corners." in honor of a man of that name, who was an early settler and prominent citizen. It has one hotel, three stores and a blacksmith and wagon shop. It is a busy shipping point on the Lehigh Yalley Eailroad. Moore's Hill was settled by Robert Moore in the spring of 1819, and next fall was followed by Judson Simmons ; he by Alexander Hubbard ; then William Van Dyke, and after him John Lewis. This brings us to 1821. There seems^ to have been no additions during the next twelve vears. Simmons was succeeded by his son Adrial. CHAPTER LIIL WARREN TOWNSHIP. WARREN is the northeast corner township of Bradford county. Its surface is very uneven, but at the same time there is but a small portion not susceptible of cultivation. The timber is principally hemlock, birch, beech and maple, with some basswood, pine, cherry and ash. The sod is gravel and loam. The streams which drain the waters to the Susquehanna rise here. They afford good water-power for running machinery on a small scale. The crops consist of wheat, rye, oats, barlev, corn, potatoes, grass and flax, potatoes leading. In 1798, James Bowen, William Arnold, Mr. Harding and Thomas Gibson came into Warren, then known as " Martell," and made a clearing on the south branch of the Wappasening creek, at a place called for many years "the old clearing." B>iit they found they were not on the tract of land they had designed settling on, and after obtaining their first crop they "abandoned it and went farther north, to a place which has been known ever since as " Bowen Hollow," where James Bowen built a gristmill on the middle branch of the Wappasening. . Eliphalet Mason, son of Ebenezer and Mary Mason, came to Warren in 1802. In the spring of 1800, Cai)t. Ebenezer and Jonathan Coburn, bi'othei's, came, with their sons, from Connecticut and bought under Connecticut title 23,040 acres of land, and made a clearing on the same farm where they lived and died. On their arrival at Martell they found Bowen, Arnold, Fairbanks and Gibson, who had moved in with HISTORY OF BKADl'OUl) COUJSTY. 545 their families the season before, and made clearings. Seneca Allyn, now living in Warren, says he went with a horse to the Wysox Hats, thence up"the river to Owego, before he could find any gram that he could buy ; and he bought two bushels of wheat, put it into a skiff, because there was no way to get his horse across the river. He then took the grain on his shoulders and carried it two and a half miles to get it gi-ound, then shouldered it again and brought it back to the river, where his horse was left fasting, for the very good reason that he could get nothing for him to eat. William Arnold and Elizabeth, his wife, came from Massachusetts, in the vear 1790. They brought with them three sons, James, William and Andrew — all of whom lived to be aged men. and reared families. Elizabeth Arnold died in Wai-ren when fifty years of age, about the vear 1801. Her husband died about seventeen years after, sixty-two years of age. During the summer or fall of 1800 the first white child was born in AVarren, a son of James Bowen, and was christened Harry ; a few Aveeks later Benedict Arnold was born, and August 10, 1801, A. S. Coburn. son of Parley Coburn. In 1804 there were the following taxables, viz.: William Arnold, J. Bowen, Henry Billings, Ebenezer Coburn, Parley Coburn, Jonathan Coburn, Moses Coburn, Jr., Amos Coburn, Payson Corbin, Thomas Gibson, Ebenezer Lee and Poswell Lee. The Armstrongs came in as late as 1817 or 1818. Joseph lived on the turnpike, near Alexander Dew-ing's. Mrs. Dewing had by her first husband four sons, Jeremiah, Andrew, Alexander and Edward. Jeremiah was a Presbyterian preacher, and had a son, Thomas S. Luther Buffington lived in the Bowen neighborhood. Preserved l>uliington, from Providence, R. L, was a brother of Mrs. William Arnold, and came from the same neigiiborhood. He lived in South AVarren, on the farm Samuel Cliaffe now lives on. His sons w^ere : Luther, Calvin and Benjamin. A daughter, Sally, married Livingston Jenks. He lived on a farm now occupied by Esquire Burbank. He liad a store and did trading for some years. He had a large family of children. He was justice of the peace for a number of years. Capt. Case also was a settler in the township. He had a son, Benjamin, who was a lawyer, and uuirried a sister of Andrew Coburn, and Andrew Coburn married his sister. Nathan Young married a Merrill. Came to Warren in 1815, and settled on the turnpike, a short distance from Alexander Dewing's. He had two sons, Nathan and Oscar F. Mr. Merrill moved into the county with Mr. Young, and lived near him. . Thomas and Oliver Corbin w^ere sons of Clement. Samuel (iriswold was their nearest neighbor. Jacob Burbank married a sister of Oliver Corbin. lie came from Vermont to Warren as a young man iti 18l;>. and boarded with Oliver Corbin. He bought the farm which joined Mr. Allyn. His first farm joined Mr. Corbin. and he lived there until his wife died, and then bouo-ht the other. . A Mr. Billings liv<(l near Mr. Coope)-, iind 546 HlbTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. was an early comer in that neighborhood. Oliver Cooper married a Steinberg. Abel and Joseph Prince were brothers, and lived in the southern part of the township. They came after 1810. . George Pendleton came to Warren about 1814. . In 1802 James Bowen built a grist- mill on the Middle branch of the Wappasening, near the center of the town. In 1803, William Arnold and Mr. Harding went to Sheshequin to procure meat; they purchased one hundred pounds of pork, divided it equally, and started for home. Snow having fallen to some depth, and there being no track, Mr. Harding gave out when not far from where Potterville now is. Mr. Arnold left him to obtain help, but when help came they found him a stiffened corpse. Tiie first school was taught by R. Lee, in 1807. . The first death of an adult by disease was that of Theda Corbin. . Amos Coburn built the first framed house, and had the first "house warming.'' The first church erected in the township was of the Presbyterian denomination, in 1832. . In 1816, the Congregational Church was organized with fourteen members, of whom eight lived in Warren, the rest in Orwell. . At a very early date a Baptist Society was organized at Warren; they were called "Old-School Baptists." In 1844 a Kew-School Baptist Church was organized at Warren Centre. In 1841 a Free Will Baptist Church was organized at the same point. Alfred Allyn lived on the road to Pike, about two miles from Oliver Corbin's. . Among other early settlers who followed close in the wake of those already me'ntioned we may name Charles and Robert Sutton, Isaac Van Brunt, Samuel Mason, Lewis Barton, Samuel Mapes. . Amos Coburn built the first framed house in Warren. South Warren has one store. . Warren Centre has two stores and one gi'ist mill. . West Warren has one store. CHAPTER LIV. AVELLS TOWNSHIP. WELLS (with Springfield and Columbia) was taken from the town- ship of Smithfield, in 1813, and named in honor of Henry Wells. It occupies a rolling and well-watered farming district, situ- ated between the head-waters of Seeley, South and Mill creeks ; being bounded nortii by New York, east by South creek, south by Columbia, and west hy the county of Tioga, and was originally covered with a heavy pi-iiiioval forest of beech, maple, hemlock, pine and other timber. The first permanent white settler was Rev. John Smith, familiarly called " Priest Smith." About 1792 he came with his family and Con- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUXTT. 549 necticiit title, and located on what is now known as the Beckwith farm. He was a man of learning-, and the first Christian minister in this part of the connty, and new-comers would journey long distances, by marked ^trees. to hear him preach. He eventually moved to Kentucky. Two other families, one or both by the name of Reeder, followed Smith, and built their cabins where there is the villa.ire of Wells; one was opj)osite the residence of C. L. Shepard, and the'other where John Roy lives. In 1795, Rev. Daniel Thatcher organized a Presbyterian Church at Elmira, and constituted the adult members of these three families a branch of the same. This Avas the first religious organization hereabouts, but did not long con- tinue, for the Reeders soon moved away. They left a little grave where C. L. Shepard has his garden, which probably indicates the first death in town. Lemuel Gavlord purchased and located where Mi'. Pedrick is now, near the State'line, in 1800. Mrs. Gaylord taught the children of her neighbors gratis^ at her own house, which was the first school. . Sol- omon J udson came f.iora C4reenville, K Y., in 1803, and located on grounds vacated by the Reeders. His children were Ithamar, Samuel, Isaac, Sarah, Marv and Jane. The aged i)arents were bui-ied on the farm of John Roy ; Ithamar had a house for the entertainment of strangers, and for religious worship, a little above Shepard's store, but finally went to Ohio. ' Samuel and Isaac, after giving name to Judson Hill, went west. Two of the elder Judson's daughters reside in the village of Wells. . Deacon Silas Waldron arrived in 1804, and, after assisting the Judsons for a time in holding reading and prayer meetings, returned again to Connecticut. . John Osgood moved into the center of the town in 1804. His children were John, Sarah, William, Elizabeth, Levi, Mary, Thomas, Caroline, Shubael, Merrill and Esther. Samuel Edsall came in 1805, and located in the south part of the town. Adam Seeley had made a little beginning for him. Mr. Edsall's children were Permelia, Jesse, Richard, Charles, Barton, Lemira, James, Lewis, Seeley and Jackson. This was the beginning of the remarkable immigration from Kew Jersey, which continued to such an extent that in 1850 one-half of the inhabitants of the town were from that State. Shubael Rowlee arrived from New Jersey in 1807. His children were Shubael (who was a justice of the peace for twenty-two years). James, Peter, George, Jonathan, Ananias, Patty and Elizabeth. About this time Benjamin Seeley and Esquire Hyde located at As]iin- wall. Soon after, Zephaniah Knapp settled half a mile north of Hyde ;■ he being from Orange county, N^. Y. The wilderness rapidly filled up with such men as Samuel and William Ingalls, Thomas Warner and his sons — Truman, James and Hiram — James Gordon, Ralph Bovier, David GrisAvold and others. The first death of an adult was that of Peabody Keyes, who, soon after moving to the village of Wells, slipped on the ice, and dislocated his neck, December 25, 1813, A boy in the same neighborhood had 550 HISTORY OF BRADFOED COUNTY. died previously ; Solomon Soper's daughter had been scalded to death, on the occasion of a logging-bee at Samuel EdsalVs, July 4, 1810. Peter P. French came from Washington county, N. Y., in 1824, and built the first lumber-mill in town same year. His children were James, Seabury G., George W., Mary Ann, William H., Charlotte and Lyman. In 1826 he had a weekly mail established between Elmira and Mansfield, his sawmill giving name to the first postoffice. Pre- vious to this, the inhabitants were dependent on Elmira for news from the outside world. Schools were established as soon as settlements were formed, the first being near where Albert Seeley lives, the next where Albert Jud- son resides, then at Aspinwall, Judson Hill, Kowlee's and other localities. Eeligious meetings were held from the first in the north- west part of the town, as we have seen Rev. Benjamin Oviatt came into the vicinity of the line between Wells and Columbia in 1819, and labored with great success. The first converts, consisting of twelve males and twelve females, were added to the Baptist Church, which had been organized at Sylvania in 1812 or '13. In 1821, however, the Baptist Church of Columbia and Wells was constituted, at the house of James Seeley, with fortv-seven members. The entire additions during Elder Oviatt's service oi" three years were ninety. The present regular Baptist Church of Columbia and Wells had its origin at the Haven school-house, April 3, 1846, and their house of worship was erected in 1853. The Methodists held meetings at the house of Samuel Ingalls, where David Fries resides, and afterward formed a class at Judson Hill, where they built a church in 1865. They have classes also at other points. A Presbvterian Church was organized at Wells by Bev. M. M. York and Rev. Simeon B. Jones, March 3, 1821, which became extinct in a few vears. The North Church of Wells was constituted at the State line,^ November 22, 1836, and their house of worship has been moved to the village so as to accommodate all societies. The present Presbyterian Church of Wells and Columbia was organized at the school-house in Aspinwall, February 22, 1832, and their meeting- house was built in 1839. Rev. Joel Jewell has labored in the ministry of the gospel in the towns of Wells and Columbia for a period of thirty-five years, which is longer than any other minister has served in this portion of the county. There is no mining in Wells; no manufacturing save that of butter. In 1877 the number of milch cows was 1487. John Brown sold that year, as the product from three cows, 903 pounds of butter, besides the milk and butter used in his family. Revolutionary patriots of Wells: Shubael Rowlee, died July 1, 1829; Solomon Judson, died December 12, 1836, aged 86 ; Thomas Warner, died March, 1840, aged 84. Veterans of 1812: Nathan Shepard, Sr., Wm. S. Ingalls, Shubael Rowlee, Jr., John Fitzsimmons, Strong Seeley, Amos Baker, William Osgood, Theophilus jMoore, Israel Moore, Partial Mapes, Sarlls Barrett, Jesse Edsall, Richard Edsall. Joseph Capron and Thomas Ferguson. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 551 In the Mexican War was William R. Wilson, who was in the regular and volunteer military service over fourteen years. Welln T^///ff^end, on which his son Francis G. lives. lie married Sally Hor- ton. lion. Paul de Morrow, j)resident-judge, was her son. James Gamble had married, in Ireland, Isabella Nesbit (born May, 1791 ; died July, 1868). William Nesbit, her brother, came over in 1826 or 1827. After being here for a year or two he sent for his father Nathaniel, and his brother Nathaniel. The father died in 1830, having been here a vear and a half, at the age of seventy-six years. The Nesbits lived in a house on the place where Stephen Dodd lives. Nathaniel, Jr., was a man of venerable age and of unblemished charac- ter. From these beginnings the settlement of Balliba}', in Ilerrick, was commenced, all of the families there and in Wilmot being related either by blood or mari-iage. They came poor, but, by dint of great industry and economy, have cleared up farms, built good houses, educated tlieir children, and are among the leading families in the county. Stephen Preston, went to the Andrews' place about ISlO, purchasing of Wm. Brindle, when the latter moved to Muncy. He died upon this place in 1827, aged sixty-five years. His wife survived him many years, but is now deceased, and both are buried at Wyalusing. . John Gamble and his son James bought a tract in AVilmot, of 400 acres, of Thomas Keeney, where Joseph Gamble now lives Ignatius and Allen Wilson, father and son, came in after 1819. The Winslowscame about the same time. Edward Winslow married a daughter of I, Wil- son. They were from Mehoopany. William Nesbit came in 1826, and the father, Nathaniel, a little later; they lived in a house near the pres- ent residence of Mr. Dodd. There was an early burial-place near the log school-liouse, and a boy named Stranger, a brother of liobert, killed by a falling tree, was one of the first interments there. Allen Keeney states that Nathan Beeman taught the first school in Wilmot, but Judson Beeman says that Simeon Rockwell (a half- brother of Timothy Beeman) taught school in Wilmot befoi'e Natlian or his father came to the countrv. 556 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY , CHAPTER LVII. WINDHAM TOWNSHIP. ONE of the first settlers in Windham was Philo Brainerd. He came in 1801, bringing iiis family, consisting of wife, four sons, and one daughter, being induced to locate herefrom reports of the cheapness of the land, fertility of the soil, and advantages of water-power for the construction of mills. He first purchased a, trad of land of Col. Hale, a Connecticut claimant, but the title proving worthless he lost the whole, after having built upon itthe mills which were afterward known as the Shoemaker's mills, afterward owned by some of the Judson family. He next purchased a section of State's land, 640 acres, which he divided among his sons, retaining the central portion for himself. He then made an opening on the right bank of the Wappa- sening, and built a log house near the hickory tree which is yet standing. He built a framed house in 1809 on the Four Corners, but the first framed house in the townshiji was erected by Darius Brainerd, in 1808, on a little eminence some rods south of the creek. Tliis house was burned in January, 1829. Jephtha Brainerd was born at Ciiaiham, Conn., in 1754. Although a farmer by occupation, in his younger days he served assailor for a few years, and seven years in the struggle of the American Revolution, ending with being captured bv the British and confined in a prison- ship. In 1779 he married Abigail Mack, who was born in East Haddam, Conn., in 1758. Their children were Darius, born October, 1780; Levi, born November 29, 1781; Drusilla, born August, 1783; Jephtha, Jr., born July 23, 1787; and Henry, born October 11, 1799. Jephtha Brainerd w^as not only a kindly and social neighbor, a capital story-teller over his mug of cider, but a prominent man in the pioneer settlement, being often chosen to adjudicate disputes, and hav- ing served as a member of the Legislature. Darius Brainerd was drafted near tlie close of the last war with England, and went as far as Wilkes-Barre. He married Tamar Williamson, of Owego; his location was east of the forks at Windham Centre. He had quite a family, many of whom are still living in the count3\ Philo, his son, resides at Towanda. He died April 12, 1824, leaving a widow, one daughter and five sons. Jephtha Brainerd, Jr., married Betsey Smith, in 1810. He was an inveterate joker, and yet was appointed a justice of the peace, and licensed as a Methodist preaclier. He removed to lUinois in 1837. Drusilla Brainerd was married to John Dunham, in 1808. They had two daughters and one son, John L., who inherited a portion of the Brainerd estate, the son receiving the old homestead, which he occupied until 1848, when he sold to P. Kuykendall, and moved to Sullivan county, Pa. The daughters are living still, in pros- perous circumstances. Drusilla died a widow, August 12. 1825. Levi HISTORY OF BHADFOKI) COUNTY. 557 l*>raiuerd died September 25, 1817, and Henry liiainerd in Ai)ril, 1824. Abigail (Maciv) Brainerd died in 1837 ; her husbaml, Jeplithii, lived to a good old age, and died July 3, 1825, Daniel Doan moved into Windham in the fall of 1800. lie lived in AVindhara Centre. His son, Seth, narrates that Thomas and John Fox were the only men there when his father came, they having come the preceding spring. The children of Daniel were Seth, Daniel, Jr., Joseph, Nathan, Keuben, Charles, Sally and Fliccbe. Daniel Doan, Jr., married Sylvia, daughter of James Bostwick, of Kew York. Joseph Doan lived about three-fourths of a mile from the Centre, on the place now occupied by his youngest son, Joseph. He lived and died there. Among the earlies^t settlers was Stephen Smith, who came about 1805, and settled where the widow Doan lives; he remained until 1817, when he sold to Joseph AVebster. He was an old man, had been a captain in the Revolutionary War, and was the first settler on the place. Gerard Smith, brother of Rensselaer and grandson of Capt. Stephen Smith, came in 1805 and settled on the Webster place, pur- chasing of Rensselaer Moon. He built two sawmills on the Wappasen- ing, at Madden's, the first m tiie township. There was also a grist- mill at the same location, contemporaneous' with the mills above men- tioned. Gerard Smith sold to Joseph Webster. Rensselaer Smith, born in 1801, came in 1812. The Foxes, from Connecticut, had pre- ceded him, and were among the first settlers. Jonah Fox lived at the Johnsons' location, and his son, Thomas, lived where Jacob Reed for- merlv kept tavern. Russell, another son, lived nearly opi)osite his father's phice. The sons of Thomas Fox were Harry, Silas and George. They lived near the State line. . David Short, a preacher, with his father and brothers, Reuben and Abel, came about 1807, and located where the widow Doan resided. Other early settlers were Lyman Winchester, who lived a little above Brainerd's, and was a great hunter; Nathan Spalding, from Rhode Island, who sold his ])ossession to Daniel Doan, Sr., and moved into Warren ; Augustus Hulon, who lived where the creek crosses the road below Windham Centre, and who was connected with and always followed Capt. Smith in his migrations; and Jonathan Pease, who took out a patent for a large tract of land, in behalf of the set- tlers, and then deeded off their respective lots to them. He died August 2, 1836, aged sixty-nine years. His wife died March 10, 1845, in her eightieth year. Joseph Webster, in 1813, came fi-om Connecticut and settled on the place occupied by George Smith, purchasing of Capt. Smith, Gerard Smith and Augustus Hulon. He died in 1830. At the time of his coming Edmund Russell was justice of the peace; Mr. Webster suc- ceeded him, and continued in office until his death. . Edmund Rus- sell and Parlev Johnson (brothers-in-law of Mr. Webster), settled in Windham a vear or two before him. and gave such a flattering de- scription of the county as to induce Mr. Webster to locate there. His business was largely lumbering. Nathan Doan married his widow, who still survives. 558 HISTOKT OF BRADFORD COUNTY. John Bussell, with his family, came from Litchfield county, Conn., to Orwell, in 1800; after various changes he settled in Wind- ham, in 1817, Avhere he bought a tract of land, upon which he lived until his death, in 1820, aged sixty-four years. . Edmund Russell, son of the above, lived in Windham. He died February 21, 1810, aged sixty -one. Of the other sons, Henry died in 1871, aged eighty- three years; John, Jr., moved to Wisconsin in 1819, and died there; William lived next below Esquire William Russell, and died in 1858, aged sixty -four years; Samuel, born in 1781, died in 1832; Julius, l)orn 1796, died in 1868; George W. lived in Windham until 181:2, and subsequentU^ went to Wisconsin. Of the daughters, Brazilla lived at or near Hartford, Pa.; Sarah was married to Col. Theron Darling, and lived in Orwell; Polly (Mary) was the wife successively of Mr. Anthony and James Bush, and resided in Windham. James Bush died February 17, 1861, aged eighty-two. . Edmund Rus- sell was the first of the family to move into Windham. He built the stone tavern commonly called the " Stone Jug.'' Parley Johnson, a blacksmith, came in 1809, and settled near Shoemaker's mill, on the Wappasening. . Amos Verbeck, an old }Moneer, who lived on the State line, came, in 1804, from the Hudson river. He sold to Stephen Morey, and went to Wisconsin, with his children, in 1844. . Benjamin Shoemaker, a son of Daniel, and half-brother of Elijah, of Wyoming A^alley, came from Northampton county and settled in Bradford as early as 1800. He purchased the gristmill since known as Shoemaker's, built by Jephtha Brainerd in 1790. It was a small log building, containing one run of stone, and was burnt in 1815. Another one was erected on its site. Caleb Wright built the first sawmill and gristmill on the Wappa- sening. For a number of 3^ ears logs were hauled to the mills near the river, where they were sawed, and the lumber run down the river in rafts. Wright's mill was built as early as 1812. The Dunhams owned the site. Seth Doan built a sawmill on the head-waters of the Wysox as early as 1848, on a lot bought of Col. Kingsbury. Benjamin Shoemaker kept a public-house from the time of his settlement until his death, and his wife kept it after his demise. It was a general stopping-place for the people down the river when going to Ithaca. Mr. Shoemaker married Eunice Shaw, of Cherry creek, Northampton county. She died in 1858, aged seventy-seven. John S. Madden, a native of Ireland, on the Wappasening, is an enterprising citizen. At his place in Windham, about two miles below the center, are sawmill, gristmill, plaster-mill, a carding-mill and a tannery. . James Mapes sold his place to Benjamin Shoemaker. Hesselgesser Avas an old hunter and squatter. He lived on the hill, on the fai'm of Samuel Shoema,ker,purchased in 1815 by ]\Irs. Benjamin Shoemaker. Tyle Shei-man carried two bushels ol" wheat a distance of seven miles to Shoemaker's mills, and laid his load down but once. In 1802 the late Henry Russell, then seventeen years of age, was sent to mill, with Josiah Grant, to get two bushels of wheat ground. They traveled two hundred and sixtx^-two miles, over paths only indicated by HISTORY OF BRADFOKD COUXTY. 559 blazed trees, to obtain the Hour needed. At another time he took a small grist in a canoe from Nichols to Lackawanna (now Pittston), polino- the canoe down and back, over two hundred miles. Such Avere the discouragements experienced by the early settlers. In 1S15 there were but two horses in the town. Lumbering was largely engaged in in the early days. At one time there Avere twelve sawmills. Windham has one store. . Windliam Centre has two stores, a blacksmith shop and a wagon shop. . Windham Summit has one church. CHAPTER LVIII. WYALUSING TOWNSHIP— WYALUSING BOROUGH. IN the cycles of time come the fleeting years, the fleeting tribes, nations and civilizations, and the great march taken up wlien the morning stars sang together goes on and on forever. Because the seed and its environment, of which come sprouting and growth, ripen- ing of other seed and decay of the bearing stem, are the eternal law of change and reproduction, is the chiefest cause of the historical interest that attaches to the gray traditions of the pre-historic peoples that once lived, tloui'ished and passed away, and their changing prede- cessors, coming and going like the leaves of the ])oppy, until the cir- cling throng comes within the range of vision of the chronicler and historian, and give us the foundation- beams on which press the pres- ent great superstructure of our societies and civilizations. The ascend- ing rounds of the ladder it is that invests all the interest there is to past barbarisms, as they furnish the materials for the coming explorers, hunters and trapjiers,'^the conquerors of empire and the missionaries of the Church, that give the students of liistoiy and biology all tlieir interests in the dim and uncertain past. In this respect Wyalusing is the central point of interest in the northern tier of Pennsylvania. A little spot, Friedenshutten, about three miles square, figures pre-eminently in our Colonial history ; it is on the North branch of Pennsylvania's great river, the Susquehanna, and is a [)art of Bradford county and Wyalusing township, and even includes, resting upon its outer' bor-der. a ])art of the borough of Wya- lusing— connecting itself, as it closely does, with the Wyoming Valley, it gives our history its first important chapter. Here is a cove of fertile alluvium, one\)f the many that indent the shores of this curious river in its winding through the ApiKilachian mountains and highlands that cross the State from northeast to southwest— where is to be seen a peculiar condition of. infrequent occurrence in nature — a great river with no \^xlley proper of its own. The first the writer noticed of this strange formation was standing upon the summit of Vaughn hill, with the river hundreds of feet below the jutting wall, and looking out over 560 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. one of the finest perspectives he ever beheld, up and down the river, that coils in and out like a silvery serpent; and away in the blue distance is Pool mountain, and still further is Mount Pisgah, one of the first points in the State to kiss the jocund morn. Here, it is plain to see, the river has simply forged its way, cutting here and there the rock walls of the points of hills, with no certain valley to point to its once wide shores. One hundred and twentj^-five years ago the pure and gentle Mora- vian, David Zeisberger, came, planting in the wilderness the cross of Christ and telling the simple children the transcendent story of the Redemption. On the beautiful cove at the mouth of Wyalusing creek had settled a clan of the tribe of Minsis Indians, under their chief, Poppanhauk, This beautiful and fertile spot was on the line of the southern warpath of the powerful Iroquois, or Six Nations, in their southern marauds, and hence it had passed into traditions as the ' beau- tiful but bloody ground." The Indians under Poppanhauk had come here after their chief had met the Moravians near Bethlehem, and had been most favorably impressed with them and their Christian teach- ings. They had fled from what is now Carbon county, in 1752, it is supposed, and took up their abode at the Wyalusing. In May, 1760, Chi'istian Fredrick Post, of Bethlehem, going on a mission of danger to the Six Nations, came to the Wyalusing village and spent the night with the Indians. He was accompanied by John Hays, and describes the village as a " religious band of Indians on tlie east side of the river," and he estimated the place to consist of "twenty well-built Indian houses." At the request of the Indians Post tarried a day and preached to the villagers. This sermon, May 20, 1760, was the first church ser- vice in northern Pennsylvania, and. therefore, when David Zeisberger came as a missionary in 1763 the way had been prepared b}'^ Post, and he soon baptized Poppanhauk. John Woodman, an evangelist of the society of Friends, had visited the place a short time befoi'e the arrival of Zeisberger in 1763, and had preached to the Indians. The Moravian Mission properly commenced at Wyalusing 1765, after the end of the Pontiac cons))iracy, and the return of Pappanhauk with his people, who had been driven out of the country, and had been in the barracks at Philadelphia. And the history of that missionary post, proper, is from May 9, 1765, to June 11, 1772. These peaceable and friendly Indians were first under the care of Moravians, and also were aided by the Colonial government. The site of their first village was at old Browntown, in more modern times the noted stage stand and most important place in the south part of the county, until the work of building the canal was completed, when what is the borough of Wyalusing commenced to gi'ow, and Browntown slowly faded away. It was situated about five miles soutli of the present borough. The old Ira Brown farm is, no doubt, where the first Indian village was located. In 1776, it being resolved to select a more suitable place for their village, the " upper end of the fiat" was agreed upon, and the village was moved, and upon this site stands the memorial monument of ''old Friedenshiitten, within plain view of Mrs. Judge Stalford's residence, and near the railroad track. This was made into regular streets, and thirtj^-five huts and cabins were moved from the old to the I HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 561 new village: and, with the others, was moved the church house, and set up in the center of the plat, " near an excellent spring," and a log dwelling was put up for the missionaries. In January, 17^7, a new and moi'e commodious church house was ei'ected, of square timbers, 32x22, and covered with a shingle roof in 1768. And in that year thev made the further improvement of sash and glass in the four win- dows ; and in the following September, 17<;9, a belfry, in which was hung a bell. June 11, 1772, this bell was taken down and hung in the front part of Timothy's canoe, that headed the procession, and tolled so mournfully until the voyageurs. en route for the Allegheny country, rounded the point down the river which forever shut out from theii" view the ''huts of peace." Thus we see it was the second town that was given the name of " Friedenshiitten" (huts of peace). At the time of the abandonment of the i)lace it had grown to tifty-two dwell- ings — tliirty-nine log cabins and thirteen huts; left as empty, silent sentinels in the wilderness. The fate of this deserted village is not precisely known. It was left to the care of Job Chillaway. The site is now "part of the farm of the late Judge Levi P. Stalford. The troublous times of the Revolution swiftly followed the exodus ; in fact, that movement was but the forei'unner of the coming war; and, from accounts of Sullivan's expedition, we learn that a division of his army encamped on the village site, and then " Ihere was not the appearance of a house to be seen, the old Moravian town having been destroyed— partlv bv the savages and partly by the whites, in the present war." In this little Moravian church, the festivals of Easter, Pentecost, Christmas and Epiphany were ce!el)rated after the Moravian custom. On Chrismas Eve of 1708, the chapel was finely illuminated, the picture of the Nativity being surrounded with fifty lights, for the first time furnished witli burning tapers, and the whole people joined in the chorus : " Gelobei seist Du Jesus ChrlsU Dast Du Mensch gevaorden histT On this occasion a strange scene was presented : Indians for many miles up and down the river had come, decked in all their barbaric splendors of skins, feathers, beads and paints, and, mute with wonder- ment, crowded about in that wondering silence characteristic of the wild children of the woods. These religious Indians retained their native characteristics — the men hunting and the women planting, hoeing and harvesting the corn, beans and pumpkins ; in addition to planting on the Judge Stalford farm, they cultivated fertile patches on the creek, and on the island above the village, and on Sugar run. The women also cut and can-ied the winter supply of fuel ; often followed the men on the chase, and halted at designated points, which were the base of supplies; or, when required, repaired through the woods and over mountains, despite the weather, to distant hunting lodges, with venison or bear's meat that had been taken from the cache — the Indian's store house for future or summer use ; again in the later winter or early spring they were required to repair to the sugar ca.m])s and make the annual supply of niaple sugar ; in the summer gathering flag and rush for mats, huckle- berries, pulling wild hemp for making bands, picking cranberries in the swamps, especially in Wilmot township, and ginseng and 562 HISTOKT OF BRADFORD COUNTY, wild potatoes; they also cut the rank wild grass and made hay, and for this purpose they had to go seven miles up from Wyalusing to Mes- chasgunk (Flea-town), as there was not a sufficiency of grass nearer. From the diary of the Moravians, who kept the Wyalusing mission, are take the following extracts: '' Julv l-lr, 1765. — I gathered bark for covering my hut (Zeis berger). ". July 21.— The entire nation of the Tutelars (but a handful of people) passed en route for Shamokin, to hunt. . Sept. 30. — This evening a wolf was killed in the town. . Jan. 2, 1766.— The hunters brought in ten deer. . Jan. 18.— The young men went out on a bear- hunt and returned on the 17th with seven. The meat was apportioned among the heads of families. . Sept. 23.— Esther, with other sisters, went to gather ginseng. . Nov. 4 —Cornelius trapped two wolves near town of a pack that had been tearing calves. He secured the culprits by an ingenious piece of strategy, having suspended one of their slain victims from a tree, and immediately under the lure placed two rifles, with muzzles directed toward the only point of approach, in attempting to pass which a rope nicely adjusted, so as to control the triggers, would inevitably be disturbed and discharge the pieces." In the diarv for 1768 are the following : " April 23.— The Susquehanna rose and inundated the plantation. . June 25.— The Captain of Shamunk, the new town above Tioga, came to purchase corn. . August 22.— Council set a bounty of two quarts of corn for every inhabitant on a wolf-scalp, payable to the fortunate hunter. . September 13.— Set watches and kept fires burn- ing through the night, to guard against the depredations of wolves. . Septeml)er 14.— Unroofed the church in order to build it higher by two rows of logs. . October 25.— My wife and myself harvested potatoes. . jNTovember 21.— Excessively cold weather and deep snow. . March 20, 1769.— Twenty jS'anticokes from Zeninge arrived. They report a scarcity of food, almost a famine up the river, and they bring the blankets and strouds which were apportioned among them at the last treaty, to barter away for corn. . July 16.— Twenty families came up from Shamokin to' procure corn. . July 20.— Forty Indians from different points, all half famished, came for corn. . July 23.— Ten Cayugas came on the same errand. There is scarcity with us also, and the Indians eat but one meal a day. . January 16, 1770.— The brethren felled trees and hewed logs for the proposed school- house. . March 26.— Bro. Jungman was busy boiling maple-molasses. . Miay 16.— Took 1200 shad. . June 6.— planted corn for the second time, the worms having destroyed the first planting entirely. . June 16.— There arrived two Mohawks, sent by the Six Nations, with a message and a belt to the New Englanders at Wyoming, to the effect that if thev (the New Englanders) delayed evacuating the valley, they would come down and take them by the hair and shake them. . October 12.— My wife and myself bound buckwheat. . December 20.— The school' closed for the term. The scholars have been punctual in their attendance, and have made commendable progress. Sora^e write on slates, the younger ones on wooden tablets. . April 27, 1771.— Daily we have" a plentiful supply of pigeons." mSTOKY OF BliADFOUn COUNTY. 5fio From these faithful annalists of the ancient times we glean the lollowing authentic history. June 10, 1T72, thirty canoes were ready at the bank to convey the people away from their " huts of peace," never to return. Others were to go overland to Mercy creek, the first under Brother Roth and the other under brother Ettwein. In their journals they speak of the movements of white men through Wyalusing and vicinity^ There were no white men residing in the valley during the occupation of Fried enshiltten by the missionaries. In one place they mention the fact that a white man, '' an Irishman " was residing in '^Schechshiqucm'm'k. (Sheshequin), this entry is dated December 5. 1T68, and is again mentioned February 2, 1769. He assisted Jim and Sam Davis in conveying Missionary Roth's effects to Sheshequin when the latter was settled there at the dates given. Another man ("an Irishman " again) is noticed as in Sheshequin, referred to December 20, 1770, spoken of by three Indians that passed through the Indian village. These Indians were police in the hunt of this man to arrest him, and they said he had stopped a short time in Sheshequin. Occasional visits are mentioned of traders jmssing through— a man named Anderson of Easton who made regular annual trips; another named Ogden, of Wyoming, whose trading house and dwelling were sacked and burned by the Connecticut men in April, 1770. The causes of the exodus from Friedenshiitten were first the evident coming trouble between the Yankees and Pennamitesand the growing indications that John Pappanhauk's title to the lands assured to them would ultimately be involved, and second the action of Job Chillaway in securing a survey to himself of the land from Penn. Chillaway assured the Indians that he had acted thus, solely in their common interests, but this assurance was not satisfactory. The authorities at Bethlehem were offered lands in Ohio for these people, and they there- fore determined to abandon forever Friedenshiitten. The order for the survey at "Wyalusing to Job Chillaway was made May 20, 1772, and the survey was made by John Lukens, surveyor general, September 16, 1773, "^and Chillawaf's title confirmed as sur- veyed March 10, 1774, and his patent March 12, following, and is signed by Thomas and John Penn for six hundred and twenty-three acres, no\v the farms of the late Judge L. P. Stalford and Mr. Brown ; the boundary lines as follows : Beginning at the easterly side of the northeast branch of the Susquehanna, at the mouth of Wyalusing creek ; thence up along the side of said creek, one hundred and thirty- nine perches to a |)ost ; thence by Benjamin liear's land, south fifty- seven degrees east, one hundred and ninety-four perches to a marked white oak ; thence by vacant land south thirty -seven degrees east one hundred and forty-tVo perches to a marked pine, south sixty-eight degrees east, ninety-six perches to a marked pine and north sixty -seven degrees east one hundred and forty-two perches to a post; thence by William Kinsley's land (spelled Kingsleys in the patent) south seventy degrees east, one hundred and forty perches to a marked buttonwood at the site of the northeast branch on Susquehanna aforesaid : thence up along the side of the said branch on the several courses thereof eight hundred and eight perches to the place of beginning. The tract 564 HISTOKY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. being a part of the " Manor of Pomfret " in the county of ISTorthum- berland. May 4, 1775, Job and Elizabeth Chillaway conveyed by deed this tract of land to Henry Pawling, great-grandfather of the late Judge Levi Pawling Stalford, in consideration of the sum of £784, sub- ject to a mortgage of £236 due parties in Phihidelphia; and Pawling, by his will, dated August 29, 1793, conveyed a part of this land to ins daughter, Catharine ' Stalford (spelled Stalmford), wife of Joseph Stalford. She was to locate her 275 acres according to her pleasure. The commissioners appointed to settle the titles in Springfield town- sl)ip assigned the upper half of the Pawling tract to Connecticut claimants, leaving to the Stalford family, where it is now, the part actually occupied by the Indians. The Moravian brothers of Bethlehem visited Wyalusing in 1870, and hunted out the grounds of Friedenshiitten, and a memorial Uionu ment was erected on the old village ground, standing m front of the late Judge Stalford's residence, and near the track of the Lehigh Valley Road. The dedicatorv services of the monument were held June 14 and 15, 1871. It is of drab sandstone from near Pittston; the founda- tion stone is from Lacevville; total height of the structure is fifteen feet ; on the eastern face is the followmg: "This stone was erected on the 15th of June, in the year of Redemption 1871, by members of the Moravian Historical Society." There was present at the dedica- tion Bern hard Adam Grube, eighty years old, a grandson of Kev. Grube, who had been a teacher and adviser at old Friedenshiitten, who told the audience interesting reminiscences of his grandfather who died at Bethlehem, March 20, 1808, aged ninety-three years. In the course of his remarks he pointed out a little girl, sitting at his side, Annie W. Lehman, whose great-grandfather, John Heckewelder, had followed the Indians of Friedenshiitten into the western country casting his lot with theirs in the darkest days of the mission. The Pawlings took possession of their land, and they brought as tenant. Isaac Hancock, who came in 1776, who soon had cleared a farm near the old Indian village site. It is a disputed question whether anv white man remained in the valley during the War of the Revolution or not, and yet from the late Judge L. P. Stalford's notes is taken the statement that this man Hancock opened the first ])ublic-house and kept it from 1780 to 1795; and he farther states that he was the first justice of the peace ; that he was here from 1766 to 1795, and that his daughter, born in 1777, was the first white child born in this vicinitv. It is well to here state that the Moravians are Protestants who came from Moravia, in the south of Bohemia, and in 1574 were expelled on account of religion. In 1627, at the council of Ostrorog, the Bohemian and Swiss churches were consolidated and took the name of "Church of the United Brethren." They are Episcopal m government, Calvanistic in doctrine, and noted for their missionary zeal ; they established themselves in Bethlehem, Pa., in 1742, and from there sent out their missionaries to the heathen in all lands. Hon. L. P. Stalford, under date of November 6, 1867, wrote to HISTORY OF BUADFOKD COUNTY. 565 Hooker's Northern Tier- Gazette, of Troy, in reply to Mr. Hooker, giv- ing some incidents of the settlement of AVyalusino- that lie had heard liis father relate, expressing regret that, in 1857, his books, papers and memoranda were burned with his house. The whites came first to Wyalusing about the year l7T0;Josepii Stalford leased the land to Isaac Hancock, who built near old " Frie- denshiltten '' church. The same year Nathan Kinsley settled on the same lot, and built his log house near the mouth of the creek. The same vear, three brothers, Reuben, Amasa and Guy Welles, came and also built near the creek's mouth. These were of the family of C. F. Welles. Hi 1778 came Thomas Lewis, father of Justus Lewis, and settled down nearer the Indian village. These were all from Connect- icut, and claimed under the Susquehanna Company. Thus stood the Wvalusing settlement until 1778. In 1792, L. P. Stalford's grand- father, ami his father, Benjamin Stalford, came and built their log house near the Indian village. Stalford found himself surrounded by adverse claimants, and finally compromised the whole and kept for himself 480 acres " as far up and down the river as the Indians had cultivated." He relates the horrible tragedy that occurred in Nathan Kinsley's family : In the year 1778, just before or after the Wyoming massacre, a partv"^of Indians traveling up the river, in passing Kinsley's house saw twoXoys in the dooryard grinding an ax ; an Indian fired and killed one of the bovs, and they seized tlie other and carried him off. Poor, broken-hearted Kinsley 'spent the remainder of his life trying to find his boy, but could never hear of him. The Kmsley house stood, until verv recentlv, covered and protected by C. F. Welles', a solemn memento of' the pioneers. The whole settlement gathered and pur- sued the Indians and overhauled them in the western part of the township, where a sharp fight took place, in which one Indian was killed, and the Indians tomahawked a white woman captive. The first tavern at Wyalusing was kept by Isaac Hancock, in a log house, of course, about one hundred rods from the Indian church. People traveled on horseback and in canoes, and the rush to the north gave this hostelrv much patronage. The first frame house in the town- ship was built bv Joseph Stalford in 1796— got the lumber from Tioga Point— on this roof were real feather-edged shingles and hand-wrought nails. . Samuel Gordon built the first gristmill in 1792— one-horse water power without bolt. In 1796 Joseph Town built a saw and grist mill. About the same time the people, four miles along Wyalusing creek, built a school-house. This was used by the Presbyterians for a number of vears as a church. In the period from 1820 to 18o0 there were five stills in full opera- tion in the township: two taverns, of which one was kept in full blast by one of the church deacons, who sold liquor freely, and another prominent brother ran one of the distilleries. The first church services, after the Moravian church was destroyed, was at the house of Widow Lucretia York, in 1785, on the old John Hollenback place. Services were held here until the Presbyterian Church was organized at her house in 1793— the first of the kind in the 91 566 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. county, held under the direction of a man named Baldwin, his wife and Mrs. York constituting the total first membership. This organization afterward moved to Merryall and continued to the present. Joseph Stalford's first frame house was burned in July, 1851, and four men lost their lives in the conflagration. It is said that Hancock had arope factory, using wild hemp to make strings, ropes and cords, in much demand b}^ the Indians in packing. Mrs, York was a daughter of Manassah Miner, of Connecticut, where she was born in Februar}^ 1730. Her husband was Amos York, who came here in 1773 and proved himself an ardent Whig. He was cap- tured by the Indians February 14, 1^77, and taken to Canada through " the deep snow," in which he suffered incredible hardships, but was finally exchanged and reached his native place in Connecticut, where he died, leaving a widow and eight children, the 3'oungest child being but three weeks old. Added to the horrors of their situation, they had been plundered by the Indians and were in the wilderness, surrounded only by the enemy. She took her family to Wyoming, and it was at the battle where her son-inJaw, Capt. Aholiab Buch was killed, leav- ing a widow with a four-months'-old infant. This woman set out with the hegira with her eight children and orphan grandchild for Connec- ticut. In 1785 she returned to Wyalusing and remained till her death, which occurred October 30, 1818, when she was in her eightj^-eighth year, Nathan Kinsley, Justus Gaylord, Oliver Dodge, Thomas Lewis, Isaac Hancock and Gideon Baldwin were appointed by the court commission, in 1788, to lay out all necessary roads in Springfield township, the first regular roads opened in Wyalusing. In 1771 Lieutenant James Welles, of Connecticut, came as a settler, and he became proprietor of one of the two townships surveyed by the Susquehanna company — Charlestown township. In 1775 Col. Plunket, under orders from Pennsylvania, with a force of armed men, broke up the settlement, burned the buildings, plundered their property and took the men as prisoners to jail. James Welles was the father of Reuben, Guy and Araasa Welles. J ustus Gaylord was one of the men captured by Plunket, and was lodged in Sun bury jail. When released he returned to Wyalusing and lived where the railroad now crosses the line between the Welles and Stalford estates. Among those who fled to the forts for protection were Z. Marcy, E. Sanford, I. Thompson, Phelps the Elder, N. Depew and R. Carr. It is not known that any of these ever returned. 1780-1786. — The valley of the North Branch originally formed a part of Northampton county, but subsequently it was set off to Northumberland, and in 1780 the township of Wyalusing was created. As then described it was bounded on the north and south by parallel lines running due east and west, the north line crossing at Standing Stone and the south line at the mouth of Meshoppen creek ; the eastern boundary being the east line of Susquehanna county, and its western line the limits of the headwaters of Towanda creek. The organization of the township did not take place until some time after the act creating. Luzerne county was erected September 25, 1786, and HISTOKY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 567 Wyalusing- was one of its eleven townsliips. The townships of the Susquehanna Com|)any were never recognized Iw the Pennsylvania autliorities as political divisions. When the countrv had quieted fi'oni the eifects of war, the old settlers in the valley about AYyalusing began to return. Amwug the first to arrive was Thomas Ih'own, who occupied a clearing on Sugar run creek, about half a mile from the river. In 1791 Richard A^aughan was buried at Wyalusing. He was a native of New York, born in 1754, and came to Lackawanna with two brothers; he served in the Revolution, and was part of the time a quartermaster. All the Yaughan family, except the son Elias, left this countrv. He was commissioned postmaster in 1811, and retained the office a^number of years. He removed to Yaughan Hill, where his posterity reside; he married Sarah Abbott, March 6, 1S07, and died in 1865, in his eightv-third year. The next arrivals after Brown were the Kinsleys, Amos Ackley, Richard Bennett and Judah Benjamin, about 1782. These all clus- tered about what was known as Browntown, along a path which fol- lowed nearly the course of the old canal. 'P>y 1795 they began building up along the creek. Benjamin's house was nearly five miles from the mouth, and was near a place lately occupied by G. W. Jackson. He removed to Pike township. Ackley lived about sixty rods still further up, at the foot of the hill beside the old mill. He removed to Durell creek, and there are several of his descendants now there. Bennett built a small mill near where stands Bascom Taylor's barn. This small mill, perhaps the first— a small affair— is mentioned in a survey of 1S90. It mav be said to be the first mill in the county. Isaac Hancock returned about 1785. It has been mentio^ied tliat his third daughter, Pollv, was born here September 10, 1777— the second white child born in Wyalusing; Amos York's son, who died in infancy, being the first. Pollv Hancock was married to Ezekiel Brown. Soon after Hancock's^ return he built his log tavern, nearly opposite the Sugar run ferrv road ; here he dealt out entertainment to man and beast generously, together with New England rum and home-made whisky. Ancient chronologists inform us that Justus Gaylord was one of the most prominent citizens of this part of the county, honored and respected bv his neighbors, full of public spirit, and his good judgment was freely given for the promotion of the public weal. In 1806 he was placed on the Luzerne countv ticket for the Assembly. The vote stood: Justus Gaylord 38; Justus Gaylord, Jr, 333; Moses Coolbaugh 364. He was beaten by t his mistake of the voters, though really havmg a majority of the votes. Less than 400 votes, it will be seen, at that time elected, although the district embraced what is now Luzerne, Wyoming, Susquehanna and Bradford counties, except the Tioga district. The first school in Wyalusing was taught in Justus Gaylord's house, the teacher being IJriahTerrv, the founder of Terrytown. Joseph ElHott came in 1785, from his native place, Stonington, Conn., where he was born October 10, 1755. Elliott was captured at the battle of Wyoming, stripped and led to the " Bloody Rock " with 5G8 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. the other captives to be butchered. When six or seven men in the fated line had been murdered, one, Thomas Fuller, shook off his ca}3tors and sprang to escape, but was seized and tomahawked; while this attracted the attention of the Indians, Elliott and Hammond at the same time broke away and fled, Hammond to the mountain and Elliot to the river. Though hotly pursued he escaped, but was wounded in the shoulder by a ball when nearly across; secreting himself, he made his way in the dark to Wilkes-Barre to the fort. As soon as he recovered he again joined the army, and was in Sullivan's expedition ; he and John Carey were chosen as express between the army and Wyoming, and their service was arduous and heroic. In 1792 Elliott removed to Merryall. where he died March 29, 1849, the last survivor of the battle of AATyoming. He was twice married, his first wife being a daughter of Thomas Brown; after her death he married, October 17, 1787, a daughter of Thomas Lewis. The "hard times" of those years, the poverty among a i)eople who had endured all tluijt borderers could suffer and live — their property destroyed, and fleeing for their lives from burned and desolated homes, it required brave hearts and willing hands to return and renew the bitter struggle for existence. Timothy Pickering passed uj) the Sus- ([uehanna in 1781:, and he says : " We were under the necessity of pass- ing through the Wyoming settlements from Nescopeck to Tioga. The inhabitants, from the causes before mentioned (the Indian depreda- tions), were universally poor, and their stock of cattle small and inad- equate to the common purposes of husbandry. From Nescopeck to Tioga, a distance of one hundred and twenty miles, we tasted bread but orice." For several years, corn, coarsely broken in their stump mortars, and venison, formed almost exclusively their only articles of diet. It must be borne in mind that the first settlements were on the low river flats. In the ice-floods of 1784 these grounds were covered with water, and in 1789 the river suddenly rose to a greater height than ever before known, causing much destruction of property. Hay in the stacks, corn in the shocks, and cattle on the meadows were all swept away, and the greatest suffering followed. This was the great " Pumpkin Freshet," so called from the number of pumpkins that were seen floatinf!" on the raoina: river. O O -111 Often the early history is found mostly in ancient church records. In 1793 the first Presbyterian Church, in the whole valley drained by the North branch of the Susquehanna, was formed in Wvalusing, there were thirteen members: Uriah Terry, Lucretia York, Justus Gaylord, Jr., and his wife Lucretia, Zachariah Price and Ruth his wife, Mary Lewis, Abigail Welles, Sarah Rockwell, Anna Camp, James Lake, Thomas Oviatt and Hannah Beckwith. Mary Lewis, nee Turrell, was the wife of Thomas Lewis: they were married May 20, 1768, and came to Wyalusing in 1786 and built their cabin a few rods south of the borough, near the river. Here their son Justus was born, August 24, 1787. The wife, widow and mother died January 23, 1813. . Anna Camp, nee Oviatt, was born in Connecti- cut January 27, 1749, married Job Camp, February 22, 1773, and they came to Wyalusing in 1792; settling in Caraptown, and there lived HISTORY OF liRADFOKI) COUNTY. 569 until his deaLli, January 17, 1822; she died November 19, 1825. Abigail Welles, a sister of'^Mrs. Lewis, wife of Deacon Heuben Welles, was an early comer. In ITlt-l ten persons were added to the church: Justus Gay lord aiul Elizabeth, his wife; John Taylor and wife, Deborah; Daniel Tui-rell and his wife, Temperance; M. Miner York, 15ern(^tha Buck, Parshall Terry and Reuben Welles. John Taylor was a native of Dauphin county, Pa., born January 7, 1770, and' came to Wyalusing in 1793. On May 16, 1794, he was married to Deborah Buck, daughter of Cai)t. Aholiab Buck ami grand- daughter of Mrs. Liicretia York. Deborah was born in Forty Fort, March 25, 1778. three months before the battle where her fatiier was shiin. She died September 2(), 1850. llev. Manassah Miner York was the only son of Amos Yoi-k, born in Stonington, Conn., in October, 1767. llis father died when lie was aged eleven years, and the lad had to face many hardships. He mar- ried Betsy Arnold, in 1792, and having studied for the ministry was licensed m 1809, in which year he became the stationed minister at Wyalusing, and continuedliere until 1818; he died in AYysox, -lanuary 2, 1830. The additions to the church in 1795 were Deborah Ilorton, Uronia Stalford and Zeruah Lacey. The first, who was a daugiiter of Par- shall Terrv, and wife of John Ilorton, came with her father to Terry- town in 1792, and died in May, 1844. Nathan and Aden Steven's came in 1806, and settled several miles up the creek. Thomas Lewis founded and named the once noted ])lace in the township, now a mere cluster of farm houses, called Merryall. He came from Connecticut w^here he w^as born April 11, 1745 ; on May 20. 1768, he married ]\fary Turrell ; he served in the Continental army under Washington, and was in the battle of Ticonderoga, and in the army invading Canada. In iVlny, 1787, he came to Wyalusing. In 1788 he moved up the creek four miles, purchased Warrum Kinsley's land and named the settlement " Merryall," where he died in Febru- ary, 1810; he was the pioneer of the country up the creek. In the same l)oat that brought the Lewis family uj) the river, came Reuben. Amasa and Guy, sons of James Welles, and occupied the place held by their father previous to the Revolution. Maj. Reuben Welles removed to Susquehanna county; Amasa went to Pike tou^nship in 1817, where he died in 1836, aged seventy-one years. Guv Welles was born in Connecticut in 1766. and in 1790 mar- ried Elizabeth Ross, daughter of Perrin Ross. Mi-. Ross was killed at the battle of Wyoming. Guy Welles moved up Wyalusing creek where he died in iS28. He was elected justice of the ])eace for Brain- trim and Wyalusing in 1800, and held the office twenty-five years. David Shoemaker and Thomas Wigton, brothers-in-law to Maj. Gaylord, were among the early settlers. It is said Wigton was here before the war ; he was a school teacher and one of the original pro- prietors of Springfield townsliip. It has been mentioned that Uriah Teri-v taught the first school in 570 HISTORT OF BRADFORD COUNTY. the house of Maj. Gay lord in the winter of 1792-93. The next spring a log school-house was built near where the Presbyterian church stands, the first building of the kind in the township; it was burned, and another built of hewed logs; it stood in front of the cemetery. In that school the "master" was paid by the parents at tiie rate of a bushel of corn to a bushel of wheat per quarter. Benjamin Ackley, the first blacksmith, came in 1791 and built his log house where Elisha Lewis' liouse stands. His wife was JSancy Maxheld, to whom he was married in 1780; after her death he married Amy, daughter of Thomas Lewis; he was commissioned a justice in 1813, when the county was formed; he died in Wyalusing in 1855. He had a large family of "^children, as did also his neighbors, four families : John Hollenback, Maj. Taylor, Mr. Buck and Mr. Ackley, all within a square mile, and, collectively, they had upward of sixty children. The Stalfords came m 1792, and in a few months this family and lineal descendants will have been one hundred years on the same farm, where now reside Mrs. Levi P. Stalford and daughter. Joseph Stal- ford's wife was Catharine Pawling, and to them were born three sons and one daughter. Of these, Benjamin Stafford, was the late Hon. Levi P. Stalford's father, and in the possession of the family are two-thirds of the original Stalford farm, the title of which came through the Indian, Job Chilloway. Jose])h Stalford was a son of Samuel Stalford, of Tipperary, Ireland, where Joseph was born. He immigrated to this country when quiteyoung,and in Philadelphia married Elizabeth Richardson ; then went to Montgonu^ry county, and thence to Wyalusing. In 1795 Joseph Stalford had the highest val- uition of an^ man in the township. Judge Levi P. Stalford, son of Benjamin and LTrania (Turrell) Stalford, was born in Wyalusing April II. ISIL Benjamin died in 1841. Levi P. Stalford was elected a justice in 1847, and associate judge of the county in 1863 ; in 1842 he married Mary Rebecca O'Callaghan, of New York, born October 16. 1818. who, surviving her husband, with her daughter occupies the old family homestead. . Mrs. Hannah Loomis (widow of Lieut. James Wells) died at the Merryall settlement in 1795, and while she lay a corpse the neighbors cleared off a place for the grave, and this was the first of the Merryall burying-ground. A bridge was^ built across Wyalusing creek at Caraptown in 1799, but, before entirely completed, it was carried away by the flood of 1800. . In 1803 John Dalton murdered Amos Hurlbut on the low ground Where Hiram Stevens lived — the first capital offense in what is now Bradford county. He was tried at Wilkes-Barre and sentenced to the penitentiary foi'"^ a term of eighteen years, but was pardoned out in 1808. Job Camp, who came in 1792, planted a crop of corn, and next year brought his family. The only way they could reach this place was to follow the one road from Connecticut to Pittson, and then push up the river. The cart and younger members of the family and small belong- ings were placed on a keel boat, and two men hired to ])ush it up the river ; to pay them took all of Mr. Camp's crop of corn. In order to get the oxen up the narrow path to Wyalusing they were unyoked and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 571 in single lile driven alono- the narrow Indian trail— passing many dan- gerous places on the tall cliffs. This terrible rugged path was the only highway to Wilkes-Bari-e, fifty miles away, and where the inhabitants must go for all necessary supplies, either over this path or by river. As stated. Samuel Gordon built his mill, near where is the Lewis mill, in 17i)3. For this mill— the Connecticut Company having offered any one who would build the first mill a township of land— Mr. Gor- don was given Walsiugham township, but, this title having failed, the mill property was lost. Joseph C. Town, a carpenter, built a sawmill on the creek near Aaron Culver's, and soon after Grover's gristmill was put up. The people now began to feel they were having all the luxuries of life. In 1798 he added a gristmill, anil for the first time this mill had a bolt, and peoi)le began to disdain the husks, and feed on poundcake. The freshet of 1800-1, however, swept this all away, and all the sections of country far around felt the awful calamity. What traveling was, originally, when this country all lay m a state of nature, may be imagined to' some extent when we describe the nature of the "roads and highways in 1795, after the people had trav- eled over them and fixed them as best they could. Duke Rocliefou- cauld, in Mav, 1795, passed up tlie river, and of this subject he wrote: '■The road was bad, and we were several times obliged to travel m foot-paths which were hardly passable. We frequently met with quar- ries of mill-stones, and with spots where a path only eighteen inches in breadth was cut through the rock, or where the road was supported by trunks of trees, narrowed by falls of earth, obstructed by fallen trees, and led along the ledge of a precipice. . At times the road is even and good, often recently cut througli the wood, or interrupted by new settlements (clearings)," the fences of which occasion a circuit of nearly a furlong, at the end of which it is difficult to find the road again. We often passed over declivities, rendered more dangerous by the ground being strewed with loose stones or fragments of rocks. Fortunately, it so happened that we never got more than a few rods out of our"^road, but we were obliged to inquire of every one w^e met to avoid more considerable detention." At this time there were scattered along the river from Browntow^n to Fairbanks probably forty-five or fifty families— and up Wyalusing ereek— each a distance of about six miles. To these were that year assessed about eight thousand acres of land, one-fifth of which it is estimated was even rudely cultivated. Forests of great trees and dense undergrowtli, for which there was no market for timber, con- fronted on every hand the pioneer, as he stood, ax in hand, in the great valley, now the"^ happy homes of its teeming population. Hound log flooriess huts, with one little room, regardless of numbers, sex or pre- viousconditions were the sum total of the architecture of the primitive land. The fat soil of the valley sent forth its strong and tangled veg- etable life, as though to defy man's strongest hands and stoutest hearts. After twenty-five vears of sore struggles, stricken despair and bloody deaths, the 'men 'in the serried ranks of war, the poor women and children in the dead of winter. Hying across rivers, hdls, mountains. 572 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. through a trackless wilderness, starving, dying, bivouacing the dreary days and weeks beneath the cold stars, where babes were prematurely born, and where the little weak wails were hushed in death often, and their little cold bodies carried in the mother's arms for many days to reach a place of even safe sepulture, are but glints of the awful exjieri- ences that encompassed these people. When Rochefoucauld traveled through the county, he mentions Wyalusing and Asylum as the only settlements from Wilkes- Barre to Tioga Point (Athens). The list of taxables in 1795 was as follows; Benjamin Ackley, Sherman Buck, Gideon Baldwin, Daniel Brown, Humphrey Brown, Richard Baldwin, Stephen Beckwith, Benjamin Crawford, Dr. Jabe/ Chamberlain, Job Camp, William Dalton. Samuel Gordon, James Gordon, Justus Gaylord, Jr., James Hines, Mathias Hollenback (lived at Wilkes-Barre), Isaac Hancock, Nathan Kinsley, Warrum Kinsley, David Lake, Robert Lattimore, Thomas Lewis, Thomas Oviatt, John Ogden, Philip Place, Reuben Place, Zachariah Price, Israel Shear, John Shoemaker, David Shoemaker, Thomas Smiley, Joseph Stalford, John Taylor, Joseph C. Town, Amasa Welles, Guy Welles, Reuben Welles, Nathan Winton and Miner York. This assessment covered the whole of the original township. The total was nineteen horses, eighty six horned cattle and seven slaves ; real estate and pei'sonal proDertv valued at $10,291. In 1797 John Hollenback established a shad fishery at Wyalusing, the first in this section of the country. . This brings us to the time in the history of the valley when Col. John Franklin's scheme to estab- lish anew'^State, carved out of this portion of Pennsylvania, collapsed, and the clouds lowered darkly over the Connecticut settlers; immigi'a- tion from that region, where practically nearW all immigrants formerly came from, ceased nearh? entirely and the gloomy years set in that are fully described in a previous chapter, entitled "Seventeen Townships." Fairhanks Settlement. — In 1798 Humphrey Brown surveyed a town plat of two or three acres and christened it "Fairbanks." The story of the settlement is something as follows: Benjamin Crawford was the first settler in that vicinity, in 1789, and built near where is the railroad cut. In 1793 he moved to the Jabez Cluimberlain farm, where he built a cabin, and the next spring, while chopping, a tree fell on him and broke his leg. Mr. Crawford died here in June, 1804, and was buried at Terrytown, across the river. The next farm above Crawford's was that of Nathan Winton, who sold to Hum- })hrev Brown. The particular place where " Fairbanks " was located is described as '* lying between Justus Gaylord and Benjamin Craw- ford." The original town consisted of a small log hut. Settled just above this place were the children of Gaylord and their families — Mrs. Wigton, Mrs. Shoemaker, Timothy and Chauncey Gaylord. These all sold their claims to Charles Homet, and most of them left the county. Gilbert, Daniel and Hezekiah Merritt, brothers, and relatives by mar- riage of the Strunks and Biles families, came about 1825. Simeon Marsh made the first improvement on Vaughan hill, at the Indian spring, at the head of the run which empties at the railroad tank, near HISTORY OF nUADFOlU) COITNTY. 573 FitzgerakVs. lie sokl liis ini[)rovement to Stephen Charlott, who in 1815" exchanged property with Elias Vaughan and went to Paimmer- field. In 1801 John IloUenback came to Wyalusing and opened his store —the marvel of the time, as he brought "^2,400 pounds of goods from rhiladelphia in wagons to Middletown, and then on boats and pushed up the river, lie had been engaged for liis uncle, Matliias llollenback, in trade along the river since 1790. In 1801 Wyalusing held its first '• Fourth of July "' celebration. The inspiration* thereto chiefly was because it was the year of Jeffer- son's first inauguration as presklent— the first Republican-Democrat elected, John llollenback presided at the meeting, and Jonas Ingham delivered a spirited address, devoted mostly to the " Disputed Land Titles," in which he ably defended the Connecticut claimants. Uriah Terrv prepared and read an ode on the death of Washington. . In 1821' John Hollenback built his gristmill at the mouth of the creek. Charles F. Welles was one of the prominent men of Wyalusing at the time of the organization of Bradford county. He was a son of the noted George Welles, of Athens. Charles F. was a native of Glastonburv, Conn., born November 5, 1789; he married Ellen J., daughter of Judge John HollenbacK, and came to Wyalusing in 1822, whei'e he died September 23, 1866. He was a man of the highest character — the first prothonotary of Bradford county, a man of wide and varied knowledge — a scholar and poet. A man of liberal ente)-- prise, he was of incomparable value to the young county. His influ- ence, on the completion of the canal, secured the building of the canal basin at Wvalusing, on which he put up his large warehouse and coal bins, and thus contributed so much to the trade and prosperity of the place. His splendid old family residence stands as a landmark, occu- pied bv his son. Widow C. F. Welles died in 1876, at an advanced age. Jonathan Stevens came to Wyalusing in 1805, and soon opened a small store and tavern near where is the Welles residence. The Stevens family were English, and were driven from England for taking part in the revolution that resulted in taking off the head of Charles I. Asa Stevens was father of Jonathan ; he was a native of (Connecticut, and among the first immigi-ants to the Wyoming country; he was a lieutenant, and was killed in the Wyoming 'battle. Jonathan was his second son, born at Canterbury in July, 1764 ; he was sixteen when he enlisted iij,the Bevolutionary army ; he married Eleanor Adams, of Brooklvnj4n''6ctober, 1785 ; he was a tailor, and came to this vicinity in 1795", and in 1805 to Wyalusing, where he remained until 1812, and then to Standing Stone, w'here he died in June, 1850. He was one of the first justices, appointed in 1800; in 1811 he was elected to tiu^ State Legislature ; in 1818 he was appointed associate county judge, and was in office until 1840, when it was changed by the new consti- tution ; was many years a deputy and county surveyor, and surveytnl every foot of ground foi- many miles around Wyalusing. this brings us to the period that marks the first great change in this part of Bradford county— the canal era, which commenced to excite public attention as early as* 1826. The second wave of coming immi- 574 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. grants marked this as an era. The two-horse coach and its daily trips from Wilkes-Barre to Athens or Waverly had grown to be a great institution. One of the last to drive on the daily route from Towanda to Waverly was Jim Smith, a resident of Wyalusing, who was born near old Browntown. He once drove from Browntown to Towanda, but moved up as the canal w^as built and drove the last through trip, and mournfully witnessed his favorite yield to the proud ship of the raging canal. The strong men along the line were alert to induce the building of locks, basins and towns adapted to their individual benefit as well as the public's. It was individual influence, no doubt, that fixed upon what is now the borough of Wyalusing — that was the knell to old Browntown and Fairbanks. Before the canal was com- pleted it was understood that here was to be an important point, and the village was platted and lots were purchased, and the founding of a town was soon well under way. Carnptown is the next town to Wyalusing borough of importance in the township. It is a cluster of houses and, as a business center for the surrounding countr}', has gathered quite a number of people, and remains an important point. They have a postoffice ; two general stores; a furniture factory thai does an important trade, started about 1840; a creamery that was started in 1889 ; one harness sho]), and two blacksmith shops. C. H. Amsbry, some years ago, operated a woolen mill near Camptown. It was originally built by John Hollenback, and in its prosperous days Avas one of the most important industries in the county. In 1840 John Ingham built here a spoke factor}^ and this and the sawmill, planing-mill and Avoolen-mill were all o|)erated to their full ca})acity, getting their driving power from the Wvalusing creek, that here affords splendid water privileges. The gristmill at this place is an excellent one, and is provided with tlie modern roller process. It is now operated by J. E. Adams & Son. Ilomefs Ferry. — A postoffice and general store is the sura total of the "make-up" of this place. Churches.— T\\Q early doings of the church people of Wyalusing is given in the first part of this chapter. There are now in the borough three churches. The Second Presbyterian Church (Rev. David Craft's church) at this time is without a pastor, Mr. Craft having accepted a call in an adjoining county. This Society was organized in 1854, and was the Second because the old church at Merryall was the First. Rev. John White was the stated supply until 1857. The building was erected in 1855. Rev. Thomas S. Dewing succeeded White, and remained until 1861, when Rev. David Craft came and remained until May, 1891. The latter became the regular pastor in 1806. The first church building at Merryall was ])ut up in 1828 by con- tractor Justus Lewis; it was not completed and dedicated until 1831, and Rev. Simon R. Jones became stated preacher; it was this year that the congregation at a full meeting resolved to leave the Congre- gational service to again become Presbyterians. Thus, after a lapse of nearly twenty-tive years, Presbyterianism was again established in this valley. In 1836 these earnest Christians were torn and troubled over the slavery question. There never had been many slaves or slave- HISTORY OF BRADFOHI) COUNTY. ,)7.') owners in this county, und yet thus cjirly (h) wo sec that the (juestion of abohshing shivery was greatly disturbing the good [)eo])le of Wyalu- sing. The preacher, Kev. George I^i"intz, deprecated tlie discussion of the subject in the church. The congregation was rent into furious factions; obstreperous members were arraigned and tried, and the furies were loosened, and finally the anti-slavery portion of the congregation secured letters of dismission in 1842, for the purpose of foi'ining a new Presbyterian Church. Their ichereas boldly said : '' We believe that truth is in order to godliness, and the Scri])tures say \iirsi piwe and the7i peaceable.'' " In 1844 a parsonage was built at Merryali. This improvement was made under the ministration of Rev. 8. F. Colt, who served the church with marked success about ten years. When he took charge the con- gregation was scattered over a wide range of country, and he adopted the idea of placing a new organization in each locality where there were living a number of members, and thus making it more convenient for all. The result of his labors in this direction resulted in laying the foundations of tiie churches at Herrick, Stevensville, Rush, and Wyalusing (2d). The Old-School Baptist Church on Vaughan hill, was once a Houi-- ishing institution — never very numerous, but the members, far and near braved all wind and weather, and their ''meetings,'' whethei' many or few were present, were real religious and social events. It was organized in the earW " forties,*" and among a primitive and pioneer people gave that fullest measure of consolation. Of late years it has been somewhat neglected. The Methodist Episcopal Church at Cam[)town, and the chui'ch at Wyalusing are served by Rev. J. B. Davis, of (yainptown. They have a llourishing Baptist Church at Camptown, presided over by Rev. Franklin Pearce. Industries. — Geo. H. Welles' gristmill was built in 1820, and an addition added in 1869. The mill has the new roller process, and has a capacity of fifty barrels a day. It is furnished with water-j)owei- from AVyalusing creek. . I. C. Fuller's steam planing mill, put up in 1870, manufactures all soi-ts of building material. Wyalusing has two general stores, one drug store, one clothing store, one furniture store, two grocery stores, one bakery, one hartl- ware store, two meat markets, one jeweler, two hotels, thi-ee black- smiths, two wagon shops, one gristmill. WVALUSINt; HOROUtiU. Wyalusing had long been the most important village between Tioga Point and Wilkes-Barre, and had, for some years, contained the requisite population for organization as a borough. The leading- people, however, were conservative, and it was not until 1887 that they consented to clothe the place with the dignity and authority of incorporation. A special election on the subject was called in February, 1887, and March 10, following, in accordance with the unanimous voice of the people, AYyalusing boi'ough was dulv incorpo- rated and officers elected as follows : Burgess, David K. Brown ; 576 HISTOKY OF BEADFORD COUNTY. council, J. Y. Taylor, fl. J. Hallock, E. B. Stone (each for three years), H. J. Lloyd (two years), and I. M. Brown and 1. C. Fuller (one year). E. W. Fee was tlie clerk. These served out their terms ; those for the one-year term were re-elected ; for the two years, Lloyd was re-elected, and H. T.Smith succeeded Stone; for three years, Taylor was re-elected, and J. G. Keeler succeeded Hallock. Dr. V. Homet was the second burgess, and R. R. Garey the third. The old warehouse, that was once the point of so much stir and business in the canal 5, near where he now resides, and is a son of Daniel and Mary (Allyn) Abell, of Rhode Island and of English descent. The father, a farmer by occupation, came to Bradford county in 1828, and settled on the farm Amaziah now owns, at which time it was wild a^id drear and desolate, and ('apt. Abell valiantly went to work to clear up his farm and make a home in the wilderness. He was for many years a captain in the militia; was a man of public spirit, much respected by all who knew him, for many years held public "offices, and died in 1877, ripe in years and wisdom; his widow died in 1882. They had four cliildren : Catherine (Mrs. Dr. D. S. Pratt), of Towanda; Freelove E. (Mrs. John B. Russell) who removed to Wisconsin, where she died February 4, 1878; Amaziah A., the subject of this sketch, and Dr. Daniel T., of Missouri. Amaziah A. Abell was reared in his native place, attended the neighboring schools and then became a student at the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda, where he completed his education and engaged in farming. He inherited the old homestead, and now has one hundred and twelve acres of land, but resides in the village of Warren Centre, in his elegant new residence. He was married in Nichols, N. Y., in 1867, to Helen Ball, only child of E. B. and Almira 32 582 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Ball, natives of New Yoi-k and Pennsylvania, respectively. To this marriage have been born two children : Guy Walter and Charlie Leonaril. Mrs. Abell is a member of the Methodist Ejiiscopal Church. Mr. Abell is a Freemason, and in politics is a Republican. PRESERVED THOMPSON ABELL, retired farmer, Warren Centre, is a native of Bristol county, Mass., born December 13, 1811, a son of Caleb and Elona (Shepherdson) Abell, of Massachusetts, and of P^nglish stock. The family were farmers from remote times, and the father was a leading man "'of his day, having held the position of town clerk for over forty years, together with various other local offices; he came to Bradford" county about IS-tO, only on a visit, how- ever, and died in his native place Hn 1842; his widow died in 1847; thev had ten children, viz : Lois (Mrs. Ezra French), of Providence; Daniel H.,a farmer of this county; Mary (Mrs. Samuel Wheaton), of this countv ; Nancy (Mrs. Benajali Allyn), of Warren township ; Caleb ; Robert ; Pawtucket ;^ Arunah S., a printer and publisher, of Baltimore, who died a millionaire, his thirty-two nephews receiving at his death $10,000; Sarah, who died in 1830, aged twenty-two; and Preserved Thompson, the subject of this sketch, the only survivor of the family, who was reared in Massachusetts and engaged in farming. He came to Bradford county in 1867, and located in Warren township ; was married in his old Massachusetts home, in 1838, to Sarah Ann Daggett, daughter of Simeon and Barbara (Brown) Daggett, natives of Seekonk, Masli., born of English stock, and of this marriage there were ten children, eight of whom grew to manhood and womanhood, and four are now living, as follows: Lois A.; Helen A. (Mrs. George Leasure), who has six children ; Eugene, a merchant of Binghamton, and Etta M., also of Binghamton. Mr. Abell has long been a leading farmer of the county, noted for his industry and integrity. He is a Democrat, and was town clerk eight years at his old home in Seekonk, Mass., and the number of terms the father and son held the office added together shows an unbroken record of half a century. The venerable gentle- man is with his family, where love and respect are the beautiful order of their dailv lives, his daughter Lois A. soothing with tenderest love that fathers evening of life that crowns the gray hairs with a sacred halo — making age lovely and youth noble. DAVID ABRAMS,' farmer, P. O. Wilmot, was born in Wilmot township, this county, Mav 11. 1837, and is a son of David and Sarah (Morris) Abrams, natives of Wales. The father settled in Wilmot in 1837, being among the pioneers of the place. The subject of this sketch began life for himself at the age of twenty, lumbering and stock dealing; purchased his present home of two hundred acres in 1868, which is a fertile tract of land in an excellent state of cultiva- tion. On September 5, 1864, he enlisted at Scranton, Pa., in Company E, Two Hundred and Third Regiment. P. V. L, and was in the follow- ing engagements : Siege of Richmond, Deej) Bottom, Petersburg, Chapin's°Farm, capture of Fort Fisher, where he received three gun- shot wounds, the most serious of which was on the head, and he was then taken to Fortress Monroe Hospital, where he remained until his regiment was mustered out at the close of the war. After that he HISTOKY OF IJUADFORD COUNTY. 583 returned to Wilmot and was married August 17, 1866, to Einniii, (lauo-hter of Daniel and Rlioda (Potter) Omsbury, of Wilinot. They have four children, viz : Stephen, born July 3, 1861) ; Morris, born July 19, 1875 ; Weston, born February 2, 1878, and Arthur, born March 14, ISSO. Mr. Abrains is a member of the G. A. R,., at Dushore; is a Republican and has been assessor of Wilmot two terms, and county auditor one term. DEMMON ACKLEY, farmer, P. O. Spring- UiU, was born on the old Acklev homestead in Tuscarora, April 26, 1822, and is a son of Harry and Abigail (13ennett) Ackley, the former of whom was born on the old homestead in Wyalusing township, April 5, 1795, and died January 11, 1864; he was a son of Benjamin Ackley, who was born in Connecticut, the grandfather of subject. Benjamin Acklev was twice married, first to Emeline Gordon, of Standing Stone, and afterward to Amy Lewis. B}' the first marriage he had the following!: chUdren : Lloyd, Harry, Niram, Olive (married to Harris Scofield), Mary Ann (married to Aholiab Taylor) and Hannah (married to John Black) ; by his second marriage JBenjamin Ackley had the following : Sally (deceased), Cordelia (married to Moses Tyler, and now resides in Sus- (juehanna county), Caroline (married to Mr. Alphonzo Lloyd, resides in AV^valusing), Sterling (also resides in Wyalusing), Justice (deceased) and Benjamin (residing in Wyalusing). The grandfather was a black- smith, and many years carried on a shop at Merryall; he began farming and pursued that occupation until his death. The father of subject was married when nineteen years of age, and had the following children : Angeline, married Milton Lewis, and died February 21, 1890. aged seventy-five years ; Ferris, died September 26, 1888 ; Alfred, died December 26, 1884, aged sixty -four; Lucretia, married John Lura, died April 2, 1888, aged sixty-four; Ferris, died Sept. 26, 1889, aged seven- tv-three ; Nancy, married Washington Taylor, now residing in Keokuk, Iowa; Demnion ; Lorenzo: now a resident of Buffalo, N. Y.; H. S., residing in Binghamton ; Helen, married to Stephen Bowen, and resid- ing in Mitchell, Dak.; Sophia, married to Stuart Biswork, residing in Marshal, Iowa; (Henry died February 2, 1883, aged forty-seven). The father, Harry Ackley, who was a farmer, after his marriage removed to S[)ring Hill, which was then a wilderness, and began to clear up the land; at the time of his death he owned over five hundred acres of and, land had prepared at least two hundred and fift}^ acres for cultiva- tion and improved the land by building good farm buildings, fences, etc. Our subject was born and reared on a farm and educated in the common schools. He worked with his father and brothers on the old homestead until after liis mari-iage with Abigail B. Lacey, September 13, 1848; then removed to his present farm, in Tuscarora township, where he has since resided; his wife, who was a daughter of Daniel P. Lacey, of Wyoming county, died June 1, 1888. He owns eighty acres of fine farm land which he has well improved ; keeps a large dairy and also owns real estate in Binghamton and Lester Shire, N. Y. To Mr. and Mrs. Ackley were born four children, viz : G. S., born November 25, 1850, married to Helen Brook, is general superintendent for the Lester Boot & Shoe Co., and resides at Binghamton ; Effie L., married 584 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. P. H. Edinger, a farmer of Tuscarora township ; Callie A., married Charles G. Brown, a merchant, farmer amd lumber dealer, of Skinner's Eddy, Pa.; and Angle E., residing with and caring for the household of her father. Besides his occupation of farmer he has been an extensive dealer in stock and farm implements and machinerv ; he has always been largely dependent on liis own resources, has been a successful man, and now ranks among the wealthy and influential farmers of the county ; he is a Republican in politics antl lias filled the various town- ship offices ; is a director and adjuster of the Tuscarora Fire Insurance Company. Mr. Ackley has always been a man of push and enterprise, and is scrupulously honest, among his neighbors and friends none stand higher than he. J. B. ACKLEY, stone cutter and contractor, Athens, is a native of Macedonia, this county, and was born February 14, 1849, a son of -fohn and Susan (Bennett) Ackley, natives of same place; his grand- parents were among the first settlers of Asylum township. His grand- father, Benjamin Bennett, was a soldier in the War of 1812, and lived to the advanced age of one hundred and one years. John Ackley was a farmer, and died in Asylum township in 1868 in his seventy-seventh year ; his widow is now a resident of Athens. J. B. Ackley is the seventh of a family of eleven children, and when he started in life for himself he served an apprenticeship at the stone cutter's trade, at which he worked until 1866, when he went to boating on the canal. In 1868 lie resumed work at his trade doing all kinds of cut stone work for buildings and street work. In December, 1862, he enlisted in the army, in Compan}^ C, Twenty-second New York Cavalry, participated in thirteen general engagements, and was wounded September 7, 1864, in tiie third battle of Weldon Railroad (near the powder house); was mustered out in July, 1865. He was married May 30, 1868, in Litch- field, to Miss Sarah E., daughter of Benjamin and Phoebe (Mills) Kershaw, the former a native of England, and the latter of Pennsyl- vania. Mrs. Ackley was born March 4, 1849, in Litchfield township, and is the second born in a family of five children. Mr. and Mrs. Ackley are members of the E[)iscopal Church ; in ])olitics Mr. Ackley is a Republican. HON. JOHN ALDEN, ancestor of most persons bearing the name of Alden in this country, was one of the Plymouth Pilgrims, and the last male survivor of those who came in the " May Flower,"' and signed the compact in her cabin in 1620. He was not of the Ley den Church, but as Bradford in his " History of Plymouth Plantation " informs us, was hired for a cooper at Southampton, where the shi}) victualled, and being a hopeful young man, was much desired, but was left to his own liking to go or stay when he came here, so staj^ed and married here. He was distinguished for practical wisdom, integrity and decision, and early acquired, and retained during his long life, a commanding influence over his associates. He was much employed in public business, was an assistant to the governor many 3'^ears, and, in every position he occupied, fulfilled his duties promptly and to the satisfaction of his emplo^'-ers. So far as is known his ancestry in England has not been traced. He was born in 1599, and died at HISTOKY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 585 Duxbury, Septeiiibei' 12, IGST, in u good old ago, :ui old man and full of years, and was gathered to his people, and his sons buried him. He married, in 1621, Priscilla, (hiughter of Mr. Molines or Mullens, who witli his faniih' came also in the " May Flower," and i)oth died in the February succeeding their landing. Tradition i-epresents Priscilla to have been very beautiful in her youth, and John also was a comely person, and considering his other accomplishments, it is not surprising that when he was sent by Capt. Staudish, after the death of his wife, to solicit her hand in marriage, she preferred the messenger to the message: "But as he warmed and glowed, in his simple and eloquent language, Quite forgetful of self, and fuli of the praise of his rival, Archly the maiden smiled, and, with eyes overrunning with laughter. Said, in a tremulous voice, ' why don't you speak for yourself, John?' " Their residence, after a few years, was in Duxbury. on the north side of the village, on a farm which is still in possession of their de- scendants of the seventh generation, having never been alienated. It was supposed, until recently, that John and Priscilla Alden had but eight children. Bradford, however, states in his history, that, at the time of his writing, they were both living and had eleven children : John (born about 1C22), Joseph (born 1624), John, Elizabeth (born 1625), Jonathan. Sarah, Rutii, Mar^', David and two whose names are unknown. Joseph Alden, Bridgewater, Mass., farmer, son of John (first), was born in 1624, died February 8, 1697, aged seventy-three; he was admitted freeman in 1659 ; had his father's ])roprietary share in Bridgewater, where he settled in that part of the town, now West Bridgewater; his will was dated December 14, 1696, and proved Marcii 10. 1697, with his wife and son John as executors, fie married Mary, tiaughter of Moses Simmons. To them were born thefoUoAving children : Isaac, Joseph (born 1667), John, Elizabeth, Mary. John Alden, Bridgewater and Middleborough, Mass., farmer, was son of Joseph (secontl); had his father's homestead '^n West Bridge- water, w^hich, upon June 20, 1700, he conveyed to Isaac Johnson, and removed to Middleborough, where he died 'September 29, 1730, aged fifty -six. He married Hannah, daughter of Capt. Ebenezer White^ of Wevmouth, who was born May 12, 1661, and tiled October 5, 1732. Their children were as follows': David, born Mav 18, 1702 ; Priscilla, born March 2, 1704: Thankful, born May 3.' 1706; Hannah, born March 24, 1708 ; Lydia, born December 18, 1710; Mary, born Novem- ber 10, 1712; Abigal, born September 8, 1714; Joseph', boi-n Septem- ber 11, 1716 ; John, boi-n October 8, 1718; Ebenezer, born October 8, 1720; Samuel, died in infancy; Nathan, born June 12. 1723, died young; Noah, born ]May 31, 1725. Rev. Noah Alden, of Statt'ord, Conn., and l>ellingham, Mass., the son of John Alden (third), was born May 30, 1725, and died at Belling- ham, May 5, 1797, aged seventy-two. He was received into the Middleborough (Congregational Church, March 7, 1742, dismissed to the Congregational Cliurch in Stafford, Conn., in 1744, and continued a member there until 1753, when he changed his religious views, and became a Baptist minister, and was ordained at Stafford, Conn., June 5, 586 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1755, and in Bellingham, November 12, 1766. He was u member of the convention for adopting the constitution of Massachusetts, and was a pious and worthy man, and was one of four ministers who formed the Warren association in 1767. A further account of him ma}^ be found in tiie annals of the American pulpit, b}^ Kev. Dr. ISprague). He married Mary Vaughn, by whom lie had the following children: Joanna, Lucy, who nuirried A. Marshall; Kiitli, nuirried to J3enjamin Thayer; EHsha, Israel and Noah. Israel Alden, Tryingham, Mass., and Windsor, N. Y., the son of Noah Alden, died at Windsor, N. Y., July 20, 1817, aged sev^enty -one ; He was a farmer and purchased land at Windsor, which is still in the possession of his descendants residing there. He married Lucy Mark- ham and iiad children as follows: Israel, Noah (born March 6,1768, in Barrington, Mass.), Timothy, Lucy, Zilpah, Samuel, Abner (Windsoi", N. Y.), Elisha, Benjamin (Windsor, N. Y.), Thankful, Moses (Windsor, N. Y.), David (Windsor, N. Y.) and Paith. Timothy Alden, Tryingham, Mass., and Monroe, Bradford count}^ Pa., the son of Israel Alden, was born February 22, 1770, and died September 20, 1859. He was one of the pioneer settlers of this coun- try, having located in Bradford county in December, 1800, as he had visited the country tlie year befoi'e, and being satisfied • with the prospects, decided to make it his home. He purchased eight hundred acres of land under the Connecticut title, paying the money for it ; he built a log house a few rods from the stone house now standing on the place which he settled ; the stone house was built by him in 1827, and is bat a short distance from the present town of Monroeton. Man}^ were the adventures related by him and his son, S. AV. Alden, of early pioneer life. A high sense of humor pi-evails in all the accounts of hairbreadth escapes, fights with wild beasts and all the dangers inci- dent to such a life. " He is described as a man six feet two inches in height, well-proportioned, commanding and of a noble bearing; he was lirra, benevolent and possessed of good judgment, and though not given to frivolous things he was fond of humoi". For some time he was ca])tain of militia and, hence, was generally addressed as Captain;" was one of the first and most liberal supporters of the Baptist Church of Mon- roe, and remained a consistent and faithful member until the time of his death. The following appeared in the Bradford Reporter October 13, 1859 : " Capt. Alden Avas one of the pioneer settlers of northern Penn- sylvania, emigrating from Massachusetts and fixing his home in these sylvan wilds in December of the year 1800. His ax cut the road for the teams as he approached the place which he selected foi-ahome; he grappled manfully with the inconveniences of frontier life, and wild beast of the mountain and forest alike stood out of his way, and the earth and his mechanical genius were compelled to yield him a suj)- port. He has lived until all the original surroundings have changed while he gazed upon them ; the village, the church, the railroad and all the accompaniments of thrift now occupy the cities upon which lie gazed in their original attire. The red man has gone to his imaginary hunting ground, the sturdy pioneer has fallen a martyr to his priva- HISTORY OK BRADFORD COUNTY. 587 tions and liaidsliips. and two o-enei'ations have passed away from this western liome, leaving u patriarch to tell us of events that wei"e well- nigh a century agone, and thus to stand as a connecting link, associ- ating us with men and events of quite another era of time. The aged oak has finally fallen and the connecting link is broken and forever gone, bowed with age and with locks whitened by the frosts of many winters. The sluggish stream is stayed, and the weary wheels of life have ceased to move. Panoplied by a life of rich experience and fed by fruitful thougiit and meditation, and nerved for the event by long and cai-eful observation, he wi-apped around him the mantle of his Chi'istian faith and sat down to await the day of his a))pointed time as quietly as the infant reposing in tlie arms of maternal affection ; he was gone on that long jour'ney. \"erii3% as the waters fail from the sea and the Hood drieth up, so man lieth down and raiseth not till the heavens be no more." Before Timothy Alden removed to IVEonroe he nuirried Lois, daugh- ter of Shetheld Wilcox, one of tlie early ])ioneers in Albany. They had nine children: Adonijah, born about 1791, mari-ied to \'esta, a daughter of liev. M. M. York, of Wysox, and after a few years went to Illinois ; their children were Adaline, born February 25, 1816 ; Adrian Minor, born x\pril 5, 1819 ; Timothy Wells, b^rn March 13, 1821 ; Elizabeth, born September 29, 1822, died April 20, 1839; Mahala, born August 30, 1824, died May 22, 1839; Charles Edward, born July 23, 1826; Cora Caroline, born June 13, 1828 ; Percival York, born July 22, 1830, died May IT, 1839; Sylvester Jerome, born May 28, 1832; twins, son and daughter, born September 23, 1834, died in infancy ; Marinda Arloa, born May 12, 1836. Adonijah Alden died Augusts, 1839, and his wife May 17, 1839. Their descendants now reside in parts of Illinois and Iowa. Infant born, A|)ril 19, 1792, died in infancy. Sophronia, born May 9, 1793, nuirried Jared Woodruff, a pioneer in this countrv, and remained here until her death, April 8, 1876. Philinda, born February 10, 1795, married Warner Ladd, of Albany, in 1818, and lived there until her husband's death, when she removed to Monroe and died ; she is buried at Albany. Louisa, born January 5, 1797, married ]^)enjamin Coolbaui>h, of Monroe, and died in Monroe township, July 16, 1846. Timothy Wells, born June 9, 1800. died in infancy. Parmeha, born December 18, 1801, married Jacob Arnout, and, afterward, Charles Hornet ; died June 4, 1876, in Monroeton. Sylvester Williams and Sevellon Wells (twins) born March 19, 1810. Sylvester AVilliams, married Francis Wilcox at Middletown, Ih-adford Co., Pa., September 25, 1833, and removed to Menekaunee, Marinette (.()., Wis., in the fall of 1855, and died at Green Bay, Brown Co., Wis., July 13, 1881. Francis Alden, wife of Sylvester Williams Alden, was born July 31, 1815, at Middletown, Bradford Co., Pa., and died at Monroe, Bradford Co., Pa., August 29, 1847. Sylvester married, for his second wife, Harriet Bishop, wiio survives him. De Alanson Taylor Alden, son of Svlvester Williams and Frances Alden, was born 588 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Januaiy 28, 1837, at Monroe, Bradford Co., l*a., niinoved to Marinette, Wis., in the fall of 1856 ; enlisted in Company H, Twenty-first Regi- ment Wisconsin Volunteers. August 15, 1862, and was discharged May. 1864, on account of disease contracted in the service, wiiicli resulted in his death, June 30. 1864, at Fort Howard, Brown Co., Wis. lie was never married. Charles Judson Aldeu anotlier son of Sylvester and Frances Aklen, was born July 5, 1844, at Monroe. Bradford Co., Pa., removed to Menekaunee, Marinette Co., Wis., in September, 1859. He also enlisted in Company H, Twenty-first lleginient Wisconsin • Volunteers, August 15, 1862, and was discharged from service Jun(> 30, 1865, at the close of the war. He married Antoinette Davidson, September 10, 1872, at New Lisb(jn, Wis. She was l)orn April ti. 1856, at Menomonee Falls, Waukesha Co., Wis. They have had live children, and now reside at La Crosse, Wis. Sevellon Wells, twin of Sylvester Williams, less than a generation ago, was one of the well-known men of Bradford county. On Novem- ber 16, 1831, he married Mathena, daughter of Dr. Benoni Mandeville, who still resides with her son in Monroeton. AVhen a young man, Sevellen entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and became one of the most widely known preachers on the circuit, and al one time was presidmg elder: was a man of more than ordinary ability, a great reader, and had a most retentive memory. He was a frequent contributor to both the local and foreign press ; his communi- cations were full of interest, and were a valuable contribution to our local history, for they supplied many forgotten facts and incidents of theearly times in thissection. He was, without doubt. l)etter informed about matters pertaining to the early history of this })art of the county than any man living. In tiie field of local research he was an industrious gleanei', and it is due to his exertions tliat much in early history has been preserved. Until the last his faith and doctrines where the same as when in the active ministry. In the heat of the war he endured some persecu- tion because of his political opinions, but he always felt and remained loyal to the Methodist Episcopal Church, even to the day of his death. While attendino- to the duties and studies of Dastoral work, he gained a good acquaintance with drreek and Latin; education was with him a necessary, not an ornamental, accomplishment ; his power to acquii'e an education was great, and his mental retention was scarcelv ever at fault when in the |)rime of life. He preached about twenty-hve years, and was never on a charge without more or less pros|)erity and con- version under his ministry ; fourteen churches wei-e dedicated during the time of his |)aslorate. His demise occui'red March 22, 1883. The children of Sevellon Wells and Mathena Alden were Angeline. born September 20. 1832, at Monroe; DeWitt Clinton, born June linghamton, N. Y., has alwavs followed farming. In 1854 he married Maiw Eliza- beth Lament, of Troy, and has two children: Nellie L. (Mrs. Howard Cole) and Laui-a B. Mr. Allen is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and of the F. & A. M.; he has held various offices in Trov township; politically he is a Republican. EZRA ALLEN, farmer and stock grower, AVyalusing, was born in Tioga county, N. Y., October 18, 1832, son of Noah and Rhoda (Miller) Allen, the former of whom was born in Vermont, August 11, 1786, and died December 8, 1846, and the latter was born in Tioga county, N. Y., Februarv 10, 1802, and died April 12, 1862; they had children as follows:" Lorenzo, born July 22, 1824, died November 19, 1868, was a farmer of Browntown and "left a family who after his death removed to Manchester, Conn. ; Lucretia, born January 17, 1826, died September 590 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 26, 1856; Lewis, l)oi'ii Novembers, 1827, died March 5, 1850; Noah, Jr., born ^[arch (i, 183<», died June 12, 1865, a ineinber of Company E, One Hundred and Third P. V., and died at Davis Ishmd Hospital; Ezra Charles, born June 20, 1839, died March 17, 1869; Ethan, born April 7, 1813, now a horseman of Manchester, Conn. His parents came down the river with their family and earthly possessions on an ark, and settled on the farm now owned by our subject, in 1841; his father was a carpenter and afterward a farmer; as a carpenter lie was noted for his skill, and he drafted the plans for the first court-house of Owego ; before his removal to Bradford county he followed lumbering and ran rafts down tlie Susquehanna as far as Marietta and Fort Deposit; after coining to Bradford county he turned his attention mostly to farming, and died a few years later. There was but a small amount of cleared land on the place when his father purchased it. but they proceeded to clear it and lit it for cultiv^ation, and soon had as line a farm as any in the neighborhood ; his father built a neat frame dwell- ing which was destroyed by lire in Mai'ch, 1882. Mr. Allen then built his present residence which is a handsome and commodious farm house; his parents were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and his mother was an earnest worker in the same. The old homestead, now in his possession, contains one hundred and twenty-five aci-es of land which he has under a high state of cultivation and is well improved. He has ])assed the greater ))ortion of his life on the old farm and attended the common school of his neighborhood until he was about tAventy-five ; always living on the old homestead which he has owned since 1868. He has his farm well stocked with horses, cattle and sheep. He was united in wedlock, April 3, 1862, with Margaret Mahoney, daughter of Michael Mahoney (deceased), a farmer of Tiiscarora, and this union has been blessed with three children : Evaline. married to Ceorge L. Best, a member of the Washington Fire Clay Company, of Tacoma, Cora and Jessie. The family worship at the Methodist Episcopal Church; he is a iiepublican and has filled the various town offices. Mr. Allen has made his way upward without aid from any source but his own industry, and is now one of the most ))rominent of AVyalusing's farmers. The family occupy a. ])romiiiont ]>lace in societv, and arc noted for their genial welcome to friends and abundant hospitalitv. HENRY H. ALLEN, farmer, P. O. Mountain Lake, was born February 3, 184-1, on the farm where he now resides in Burlington township, a son of Aaron 1*. and Caroline (Park) Allen, both of English descent and natives of Luzerne county. Pa.; their pai-ents were natives of New England. The father was a farmer and came to iJurlington, took a ti'act of land in tlie wilderness, where he cjleared a large farm; was also largely engaged in lumbering many years; he died in Purlington township at the age of si.xty-six years, and the mother at the age of fifty-seven years. Henry H. Allen was reared on the farm, and at the age of twenty-two responded to the call for troops in the Civil War, enlisting in Company G, Forty-ninth Regi- ment P. Y. I.; he i)articipated in two battles; was shot through the wrist, and after fifteen days, while he was in the hospital at Washing- tilSTOUY OF FUJADFORD COUNTY. 591 ton, was ol)lig-ecl to have his arm amputated nelii' the elbow ; when he was shot he hxicl on the field thirty hours, and then was obliged to march a long- distance in that suffering condition, lie was soon after discharged on Februai'v 0, 1805, on account of disability. Mr. Allen was married October 27, IStO, to Sylvia Farr, of Forkston, Wyoming Co., Pa., born February 20, 1848. There have been born to them the following named eiglit children: Maud E., born December 27,1871; Mvrtle, born December 23, 1873 ; Etta C, born March 22, 187(5 ; Myron P., born December 21, 1877; Glenn G., born January 29, 1880 ; Flora, born November 7, 1885; Irene, born October 17, 1888; Ada C, born November 23, 1890. Mr. Allen owns a fine farm, the old home- stead of his father. Politically he is a Republican, has been school director, and has held other positions of public trust ; is a member of the G. A. R., of the I. O. O. F. and of the P. of H. JOHN ALLEN, farmer in Burlington township, P.O. Luther's Mdls. was born November 23, 1844, in Ulster, this coimty. He was adopted and reared bv James Adamson and, when only eighteen years of age, enlisted under the name of John Adamson in Company E, One Hundred and Fortv-first P. V. 1., and served in tlie Army of the Potomac, participating in manv battles, among which were Fredericks- burg and Chancellorsville, at which latter he was taken prisoner, but was soon exchanged. He was again captured, however, October 14, 1863, and was confined at Belle Isle, Richmond, Andersonville, Savannah and Milan ; for a period of fourteen months he was starving, in consequence of which terrible exposure his health was undermined, and he is now a pensioner ; he served to the end of the war and was present at Lee's surrender, when he was honorably discharged. Mr. Allen married, October 8, 1866, Annie E. Slater, of Burlington, who was born April 20, 1849, a daughter of Asa and Lucmda (Rundell) Slater, both of whose families were among the early settlers of Towanda and Burlington. Mrs. Allen's great-grand fathei-, Rundell, was a ])ioneer Methodist preacher. To tliis hapjw union have been born children as follows: Marv E., D. William, M. Belle and J. Walter. Mr. Allen is the owner^of a farm of about fifty acres, where l;e settled in 1867, and on which he carries on general farming. He is a Republican in politics, and has held several offices of public trust; is a member of the G. A. R., and is a man of jjerseverance, respected l)y many friends. Mrs. Allen is a consistent member of the Evangelical Church. J. A. ALLEN, farmer in Rome township, P. O. Rome, is a native of the township, born July 30, 1844, a son of Joseph and Clarissa (White) Allen, the former of whom was born in Franklin township, this county, and the lattei- in New York. Grandfather Stephen Allen came"t(j tins countv in its earliest times and located in Wysox, where he left a family of four children, viz : John, Oney, Sallie (married to George Davidson) and Josei)h, the father of the gentleman whose name opens this sketch. Joseph Allen left the following children : Mary Eliza (who died in infancy^, Davton, J. B., Sarah, S. W. and S. O., J. H., Clarissa (who died "in Texas at thb age of twenty-two). Jemima R. (married to J. C. Forbes) and J. A. Our subject passed his 592 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. bovliood on the farm iuul he attended the Rome public schools until eio-hteen vears of age, when he enlisted, i^ugust 12, 1S62, m Company I,l3ne Hundred and Foi'tv-Hrst P. V. I., Capt. J. P. Spalding, and was discharged Jnlv 21, ISGSfhe was in the battles of Fredericksburg and Chanceflorsville, and at the latter he received a gunshot wound in the left Unee, from the effects of which he never entirely recovered. He was injured by a fall, causing internal injury, that now troubles him greatly. After the battle of Chancellorsville^he was taken to Mt. L-'leasant Hospital. Washington, where he was then transferred to the vet- eran reserve corpus, and acted as guard. After the close of the war he returned home and engaged in farming, commencing on tiie farm he now occupies of fifty acres, which he has improved and brought to its present state of excellence. His injuries are such as to disable him from hard labor. Mr. Allen was married. x\pril 8, 1866, to Helen I., daughter of R. R. and Eliza (Mandeville) Brown, the former of whom was°born in Xew York, the latter in Massachusetts, of a family of eight children. Their children are: Myrtie E., born January 18, 1868; Freddie J., born February 8, 1871, died January 5, 1874; Lizzie W.. born January 19, 1875 ; and one daughter that died in infancy. Mr. Allen is a member of Stevens Post, No. 69, G. A. R., and fills the ofHce of quartermaster ; is also a member of Ptome Lodge, No. 480, I. O. (). F\, and has passed all the chairs and now fills the office of R. S. N. G.; he has been a member sixteen years. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church, in which he fills the office of trustee; politicallv he is a Republican. S. O.^ALLEN, farmer in Rome township, P. O. Rome, was born in the township, April 7, 1835, a son of Joseph Allen who was twice mari'ied, the first time to Polly Johnston, daughter of Peter Johnston, and bv her had three children : Dayton, Joseph H. and J. B. S. O. Allen, who is the third child by the second wife, passed ills bovhood on a farm, and attended school at Rome, going to Nancy Woodburn as his first teacher. When about twenty years old he left school and commenced farming. (Jn March 28, 1864, he enlisted in Companv 1, One Hundred and Twelfth Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery, and was^honorablv discharged July 21, 1865; while in the sei'vice he partici])ated in tiie battles (^f the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna. Cold Harboi-, and Petersburg, at which latter battle he received :i gunshot wound in the foot, resulting in the loss of a toe and gangrene causing sciatic rheunuitism. After recovering from the effects of this wound, he was transferred to Company F, Sixteenth Regiment Veteran Reserve Corps, and acted as guard at Llarrisburg until his discharge. After close of war he returned home and resumed the occupalTon of farming on the farm he now owns. He had purchased this farm prior to his enli.^tment. and was engaged in improving it when he responded to hi.s counties call ; the house he had partially completed, stood in its unlinished' condition until after the war when he completed it; it burned November 10, 1889, and the present one was built the following spring. His farm contains fifty acres, and he also owns thirtv aci-es east of Rome. His health was broken in the service, and he'is no longei- able to do manual labor. Mr. Allen was HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 593 uniled in marriage October 17, 1857, with Martlia ('., daughter of Harry L. and Electa (Allis) Parks, wliose family consisted of the following ciiildren : Sarah E., born A[)i'il IS. 1827; Esther M., born October 18, 1828; Joseph W., born November 20, 1831; Chloe O., born August 1, 1833; Hollis S., born June 15, 1835 ; Martha C, born June 22, 1838; Mary M., born December 10, 18-I-0; Eliza, born April 15, J8-13; Charles W., born October 30, 1848, and Laura A., born April 23, 1852. The father, so well known to the early pioneers as -' Priest Parks ", was an able and earnest Methodist ])reacher, and was born close to what is noAV Rome l)orough ; his sister Chloe and James Lent were the first couple to marry in what is now Rome township, it being at that time included in Orwell ; his mother underwent the trying ordeal of the Wyoming horror, and was made a prisoner by the Indians, being then twelve years old ; her future husband was at that time serving in the patriot army under Washington ; her father and mother lived together sixty-one years, and celebrated their diamond wedding. To Mr. and Mrs. Allen have been born two children : Hattie C., l)orn June 2, 1859, mai-ried to G. W. Crum, and Laura A., born June 8, 1863, married to Horace Russell. The family worship at the Presbvterian Church. Mr. Allen is a member of Stevens Post, No. 69, G. A. R.. and also of Rome Lodge, No. 480, L O. O. F., has passed all the chairs, and is now filling the position of conductor, and is P. D. L). G. M. in the Order. Both he and his wife are members of the Pat- rons of Husbandry, and Mrs. Allen has taken the or-derof Rebecca. Mr. Allen is a straight Republican. These wortiiy people are descendants of two of the oldest families of the township, and they have lived honest, industrious lives, are well-known throughout the community, and command the love and respect of all. WILLIAM ALLEN, farmer, P. O. LeRaysville, was born April 8, 1831, in County Antrim, Ireland, and is the eldest in the family of three sons and four daughters of James and Ann Allen. He spent his boyhood on the farm and in attending the common school. In 1856 he came to America. After arriving in the New World he remained a short time in Philadelphia, and then came to Bradfonl county, where he has since lived, a farmer of prominence. He pur- chased his present home in 1874. Mr. Allen was married, in 1855, to Miss Ellen Blair, who was born July 31, 1838, a daughter of Edward and Mary Blair, natives of County Antrim, Ireland ; and this happy union has been blessed with three sons and four daughters, viz.: Mary A., born May 8, 1857, married to George R. Brown, a farmer of Pike township; Eliza J., born April 6, 1860. married to William A. Struppler, of AVashington ; Martha M., born Februarv 7, 1862; William H., born March 22, 1864, of Eaglesmere, Pa.; Robert B , born February 6, 1867, one of the most successful teachers in Bradford county; Lindsay E., born November 11, 1869, also engaged in teach- ing, and Nellie B., born January 22, 1872, who has tauglit two years. Mr. and Mrs. Allen early united with the Presbyterian Church in their native place. He has always been identified with the Republican party. ELIJAH ALLIGER, proprietor of livery, Ulster, was born in 594 lIISTOliY OJ- BRADJ'ORI) COUNTY, Ulster county, N. Y., June 20, 1830, son of Cornelia and Jane l) (Depuy) Alliger, natives of New York, of Dutch descent. The fathers family consisted of nine children, seven of whom are still living, two onlv being residents of this county. Our subject was born and reared on a farm, and received his early education in the schools of New York, lie immigrated to this county in 1870, and followed butcher- ing twelve years; then removed to Waverly where he farmed two years, when he returned to Sheshequin and farmed four years; then removed from there to Ulster where he resides, and is proprietor of the only livery and feed stable in the village. He has been successful in his business, accumulating his pro[)erty entirely by his own exertions. On January 9, 1858. he was married to Phot'be J., daughter of llenrv iini\.ys special attention to dairying, having a fine stock of "grades." He has the entire confidence of his fellow-citizens, and has held the offices of auditoi- and school director, and is at present justice of the peace. Politically he is a Democat. AV. W. ANDREWS, blacksmith, xVthens, is a native of Otsego county, N. Y., born February 19, 1830, a son of Seth and Betsey (Win- ton) Andrews, natives of New York. The father, avIio was a farmer, died in 1834, in his thirty-third year; the mother died in 1875, in her seventy-seccmd year. W. W. Andrews, who is the fourth in a family of six children, was reared on a farm and received a common-school education. In early life he learned the blacksmith trade in his native place, and worked at same until 1878, when he began preaching in the Oneida Methodist Episcopal Church Conference, continuing his minis- terial work in that field ten years. Wlien this Conference was dis- solved he joined tlie Wyoming Conference, was superannuated in 1874, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 601 and has since been })reachin2- as a supply. In September, 1880, he removed to xVthens, and has been working at his trade since. Mr. Andrews was married in Clienango county, N, Y., in 1854, to Miss Mary, (hiughter of Heuben and Esther (Huffman) Thompson, natives of New York (she is the third of a family of six children and was born in Chenango county, N. Y., August 7, 1828), and to this union were born twelve cliildren : Tlie eldest died in infancy; Apphia T.; Marie, Avife of Frank I;oomis, editor of the Troy Register^ Troy, Pa.; Seth, deceased; Dollie, wife of Fred C. Perkins, of Waverly, N. Y.; Wesley, deceased ; JSTellie, wife of William Heavener ; Martha W.; May, wife of Clinton Carner ; Kittie, deceased; Arthur, living in Oneonta, N. Y.; Thompson, deceased. The family are members of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, and in politics Mr. Andrews is a Republican. G. M. ANGIEP, proprietor of planing mill, Sayre, is a native of Worcester county, Mass., and was born May 9, 1835, a son of Austin and Martha (Good now) Angler, the former a native of Massachusetts, the latter of New Hampshire. The father, who was a farmer, died in Worcester, Mass., in 1870, in his seventy-fourth year ; the mother died in Sa3M'e in 1885, in her eighty -seventh year. Grandfather John Angier w^as a soldier in the War of 1812. G. M. Angier, who is the ninth in a famih' of ten children, completed his education, attending an academy about one 3'ear. At the age of thirteen he started from home to make his own way in the world, and at seventeen commenced an apprenticeship in the sash, door and blind factory in Worcester, Mass., where he worked until the fall of 1856, when he went to Chi- cago, His., and there worked at his trade until 1857; then proceeded to Minneapolis, Minn., and remained two years; thence to Washing- ton, D. C, where he was two years ; then to Athens in the fall of 1860. After the battle of Antietam, he enlisted in the State Militia, but was out only about two weeks, wiien he returned to Athens. Here he was employed b}^ Wells, Blood & Co., agricultural tool manufacturers, and remained with them until 1876. Hi 1878 he removed to Sayre, and took charge of the planing mill, with which he has since been identified. Mr. Angier was married in Athens township, in 1865, to Miss Emily Delphine, daughter of Elisha and Emily (Briggs) Satter- lee, natives of this county. Elisha Satterlee, who was a farmer, lum- berman and coal dealer, died in Sayre, March 9, 1888, in his seventy- third year, Mrs. Satterlee died in Williamsport, Pa., ])ecember lb, 1890, in her seventy -second year. His grandfather, Elisha Satterlee, was a colonel in the Revolutionary War, and was also in the Wvoming massacre. He was one of the pioneers in Athens. She (Emily Delphine) is the third in a family of seven children, and was born in Athens, December 25, 1843. To Mr. and Mrs. Angier was born a daughter, Anna S. Angier, now in Ehnira College. " The family are members of the liaptist Church ; Mr. Angier is a member of the Knights of Honor and Iron Hall. He is a Republican, and served two terms as councilman in Athens, and three years as township auditor. PHILIP C. ANGLE, farmer, P. O^ Rummerfield, was born September 9, 1820, in Northampton county. Pa., and moved with his parents to Herrick township, this county, in 1823. His father, Martin gQ2 HISTORY OF BKADFORD COUNTY. Aiiole and mother Agnes (Casebeer) were both of good old Holland- Durch descent, and both their fathers were Revokitionarv soldiers. They were among the pioneer settlers of eastern Bradtord being the third family to settle in Herrick township, where they died alter rear- inu- a large"'family. Philip attended the district school of the neigh- bo'^'hood and took one term at the Academy of Mannington. Sus(]ue- hanna county, and shortly after arriving at his majority, unaided, he purchased and paid for the farm on which he has since resided, in 1840 he married Isabella Erskine, a daughter of John and Margaret Erskine, of Herrick, of Scotch descent. They reared six children : Aurissa, wife of John J. Spalding, the present postmaster at lowanda ; Eleazer J., an attorney at law, of the same place ; Mahlon C. a farmer and stock raiser, of Herrick; Marion, wife of Cyrus D Camp, ot Camp's Advertising and Collecting Agency, of Wilkes-Barre ; Dr Edward H professor in the Universitv of Minnesota, and dentist, ot Minneapolis Lillie, an accountant, of Elmira N. Y. Their young;est son William, a bright bov, died when a lad of twelve years. Mahlon C after attaining a thorough commercial education, spent several years in'mercantile puJsuits. and in 1880 he returned home and purchasec the homestead of his father; three years later he went to Montana and took charge of a sheep ranche, which he continued for two years when he returned home and purchased an adjoining farm which with the old homestead, and the improvements he has since put on them forms one of the best and most productive upland farms m the county, con- taining two hundred and thirty acres. Mr. Angle has been or some years one of the best dairymen and raisers of well-bred stock in the county. In 1889, he married Emma, daughter of E. W. ^eal, ol Libertv Corners. n . ^ ^^ E "J ANGLE, of the firm of McPherson & Angle, attornej-s at law, Tosvanda, and attorneys for Bradford county, is a native of-^Her- rick township, thiscountv, born March 22, 1849, and is a son of Philip C. and Isabella (Erskine) Angle ; the father of Northampton countv Pa., and the mother of Ireland, agriculturists. His great-grandfather, William Ano-le, came from Holland to America in 1736, in company with two brothers, John and Paul ; the two latter stopped in Ldvi- dere, Warren Co.,N. J., while William proceeded to Bucks county, la., where he became a yeoman and reared a large and respectable family. His fifth son was Martin, the father of Philip C, who migrated to Northampton countv, and from there to this county m 1824. lliere were seventeen children in Martin's family, of whom I hihp C was the youngest son, and was aged four when his parents brou-ht him to Herrick, this countv. It seems that in the branches of this family. 1 ,1. i 4.i.„ "i^Uv.^^ K..^,tiw.rc wlin r',5imf> to this couutrv, tlicre eoinir back to the'^three brothers who came to this country, Sros?diirerent ways of spelling the name, and. as now, thei-e are those who spell it Engle. while others retain the spelling Angle, the manner retained by wfuiam, mentioned above, and all his branches ot the family Philip C. Angle is oneof the prominent and leading farmers ot Herrick township ; has a family of six children, of whom E. .1 Angle is the eldest son. E. J. spent his first youth on his lathers f-^nn an;^ passed through the neighborhood scho. Js and was then sent to the State HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 603 Normal School, and from there to the tutorship of Rev. Darwin Cook, of Merryall, Pa., and was prepared and entered the reguhir classicai course in Lafayette College, where he was graduated in 1873, and was immediately thereafter offered and accepted the position of principal of the Canton schools, this county, and was in charge thereof three years; during- that time was a student in the law office of H. N. AVilhams, of that phice, and wlien lie left Canton came to Towanda and was a student in the law office of Davis et Carnochan, and admitted a mem- ber of the bar, December 16, 1876, and at once to a law ]xartnership with his tutor, H. N. Williams, which firm was busily engaged in the ])ractice until 1883, Avhen Mr. Angle was elected district attorney, and served with distinguished success tluring a full term of that office. He is a leading and inffuential member of the Republican party, and is a Master Mason. He married. May 31, 1883, Miss Mary C. Macfarlane, and to this union hav^e been born three children as follows: James M., Philip M. and Mary M. The family worship at the Presbyterian Church, of which Mrs. Angle is a prominent and exemplary member. WILLIAM ANTISDEL, retired farmer, Warren," was born hi Oswego county, N. Y., January 14, 1821, and is a son of Phenias and Dorcas (Fenton) Antisdel, farmers, natives of Connecticut, and of English descent. Phenias came to this county in 1827, locating in the wilds of Warren tow"nship, and was among the noted early pioneers ; he cut out the road leading from West Warren to Towanda. He made this his hume until his death in 1861, aged eight3^-five ; his widow died in 1862 ; they reared eight children, of whom William was the sixth, who grew to his majority on the old homestead, on which he now resides, a beautiful farm of one hundred acres, with all modern improvements, buildings, and in a high state of cultivation. William Antisdel was married in Rome township to Charlotte M. Hill, daughter of John H. and Ruth (Butler) Hill To them were born three children, as follows : Charlotte E.,(Mrs. S. E. Bowen); William D., a farmer, of Warren townshi]), and John B., a farmer of same place. Mr. Antisdel is a Republican in his party affiliations. He has lived among his present neighbors a long, useful and honorable life, and is one of the much esteemed men of Bra8 ; he re-enlisted in Coinjiany I, Twenty-eight P. Y. L, ami, after three months' service, was honorably dischai'ged on account of disability. He participated in the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and during the Peninsular campaign under McClellan was on detached duty as hos])ital steward. After his discharge, he returned to Lock Haven, read medicine with his brother, Dr. R. HISTORY or BRADFORD COUNTY. 605 Armstrong', two years, and for live years was clerk in Lock Haven dru^ store. In 18(59 he embarked in business for himself at Lock Haven, continuing four years; in December, 1873, he went on the road as salesman for a New York drug house, and served in that capacity ten years. On October 22, 188P>, he again embarked in the drug business in Troy, Pa., where he has since continued and built up a successful trade. He married April 13, 1869, Emma C, daughter of Curtis T. and Sarah L. (Robinson) Fitch. Mr, Armstrong is a member of Trojan Lodge, No. 306, F. & A. M.; R. A. M., Chapter No. 261, Troy, and Commandery K. T., No. 64, Canton; also of Gustin Post, No. 154, (I. A. P., Troy, of which he is present commander; politically he is a Republican. WILLIAM E. ARMSTRONG, Litchfield, was born in Pough- keepsie, Dutchess Co., N. Y., January 5, 1822, a son of Joshua and Susan (Hong) Armstrong, natives of New York, former of whom was a farmer, and spent the greater portion of ids life in Allegany county, N. Y.; he w^as a soldier in the War of 1812, and received a bounty warrant, his widow received a pension after his death. In their fam- ily were seven children — two girls and five boys— (four of whom are yet living): Albert W., married to Lucinda Bartlette ; Alfred H., mar- ried to Caroline Bartlette ; Luther H., married to Amanda Ward ; William E. (subject) and Martha Jane, George H. and Rebecca (deceased). William E. was reared on his father's farm, receiving his early education in the common schools, and later attending the Alfred Academy one year. At the age of sixteen he commenced teaching school, wliich profession he followed continuously for seven years, after which he engaged in the grocery business at Angelica, N. Y., for four years. In the spring of 1849 he removed to Wellsville, Allegany Co., N. Y., and engaged in the grocery business for a period of ten years ; then followed farming eight years; removed to Waverly, N. Y., and in 1871 came to Litchfield, where he purchased the store he now occu- pies, carrying a general stock of merchandise. He has been post- master sixteen years, excepting three years during the administration of President Cleveland. - Mr. Armstrong married, for his first wife, Elizabeth M. Rice, of Whitesville, Allegany Co., N. Y., in 1862; she was the daughter of Alexander and Sarah (Jones) Rice, natives of Ver- mont. Mr. Armstrong's present wife is Augusta I>. (Morse), whom he married in 1869. To tliem has been born one child, Albert M., born in Litchfield in 1873. Mr. Armstrong has attained three degrees in Masoniw, and is a member of Wavei'ly Lodge, No. 104. In politics he IS a Republican, and has been a member of that party since its organization, having voted for its first candidate, Jolm C. Fremont. ^ CORINGTON T. ARNOLD, farmer, Windliam township, P. O. Nichols, N. Y., is a Native of Bradford county, born in Warren town- ship. May 16, 1840, son of Benedict and Lucy (Billings) Arnold, natives of Pennsylvania. Lenedict Ai-nold was the first white child to see the light in Warren township, and was born in the year 1800; he was a farmer and died in 1889, the father of twelve children of whom Corington T. is the tenth. He became a farmer in early life, and in 1864 he enlisted in the Fifth New York Cavalry, Company F, First 606 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Brigade, Third Division, under Gen. Mcintosh. He was in the battle of the Wilderness, at Winchester, Cedar Creek, Arlington Heights, Stony Creek, altogether in ov^er thirty battles and skirmishes; while in Wilson's raid he was taken sick, and was two months in the hos- pital ; was seriously hurt by a horse falling on him at the battle of the Wilderness, and another horse was shot from under him in that battle. His health has never been good since the war, and he is now a pensioner; is a member of Warwick Post, No. 529, at Nichols, N. Y. He is a leading farmer, and has a fine farm of ninety-six acres, well improved and stocked. Mr. Arnold was married in Owego, in 1865, to Sarah, daughter of Francis H. and Aurelia (Canfieldj Ellsworth, natives of Bradford county, of New York pai-entage. Of this union there are three children : Alice (wife of P. H. Taylor, of Rome), Carl and Ernest. The family worship at the Methodist Church, of which he is stcAvard. In politics he is a Republican. HENRY C. ARNOLD, general blacksmith, Granville Centre, was born in New London county. Conn., July 4, 1S40, a son of William and Mary Arnold. He was reared in his native county where he learned the blacksmith's trade, at which he served an apprenticeship of three years. In May, 1861, he enlisted under Capt. Clark, for Bartlett's Naval Brigade. The company he was with was from New London county. Then he joined the organization at New York, in which cit\' he remained three weeks, at Staten Islaiul, after which the organization sailed for Fortress Monroe, after a long delay. After being at Fortress Monroe, Capt. Bartiett was deprived of his command, and was put on the " ri bracks," by order of Gen. Butler, for some cause unknown. Thecompany then disbanded, some joining other regiments. Mr. Arnold was emj)loyed inside the fort as general blacksmith, and worked there until the close of the war, wlien he moved to Granville Centre. He was the man who ])nt the shackels on Jeff. Davis. At Granville Centre he established himself in business at his trade, in which he has since successfulh^ continued. His wife was Sarah Knowles Scully, of Germantown, Pa., and they have seven children : Harry, AYillarcl, Lee, Lucy, Lena, Rose and -Judson. Mr. Arnold is a popular blacksmith, and well-known citizen of Granville. He is a member of and an elder in the Church of Chi'ist. He is a friend of the soldier, and in politics is a Republican. SENACA L. ARNOLD, livery and sale stables, Towanda, was i)orn in Warren township, this county, February 10, 1837, a son of William and Debby Arnold, who were earl}' settlers in that place, where the son grew to manhood and passed his school days. In early life he commenced farming, and was thus engaged when the Civil War came upon the counti'v, and he prom])tly volunteered in the noted One Hundred and Forty-lirst Regiment, P. V. I., and was in the service about six months, participating in all the hard marches, sieges, and battles of his command, and was discharged from Fairfax Hospital, near Fairfax Court-House, Va., on account of disability. After his return home and recovery, he again enlisted, this time in the One Hundred and Seventy-ninth, N. Y. V. I., and served with this command six months, when he was honorably discharged on account HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 607 of disability. Tlie war being over, Mr. Arnold commenced business in ToNvanda. and has built up his present extensive business as proprie- tor of a livery stable. He has been married twice, his first wife being Lydia E., daughter of Jabez Sexton, of Orwell township, and by her he had two children, Eugene arul Emma, (Mrs. Lewis Fitch) ; his sec- ond wife was Elizabeth, daugliter of William Booth, of Forest Lake, Susquehanna Co., Fa., by which marriage has been born one child, Nettie IL Mr. Arnold is a member of the G. A. R., and in i)oiitics is a Tiepublican. LEVI G. ARNOUT, farmer, P. O. Liberty Corners, was born March 0, 1832, in Monroe township, this county, and is a son of Peter and Mary (Irvine) Arnout, natives of Northumberland county, who came to this countv wiien they were young, and were of the pioneer settlers of Monroe township. The Arnouts are of Dutch extraction, and the Irvines of Scotch-Irish. The father, who was a wagon-maker, settled in the forest and improved the place on which his son Levi resides, who was tlien but two j^ears old. Levi G. Arnout was edu- cated in the schools of his town, and attended the old academy at Towanda, afterward teaching school. He was married March 15, 1855, to Mar}' J. Emery, who was born December 10, 1831, the second in the family of twelve children of Jacob R. and Sarah Ann (Ennis) Emery. To Mr. and Mrs. Arnout have been born four children, as follovvs : Julia M., born November 24, 1858, wife of John Elliott; Cora M., born February 7, 1860; EHza. born September 5, 1864, a teacher, bidding fair for a future literary career (she recently graduated at the Collegiate Institute, Towanda), and Jennie, born March 15, 1871. Mrs. Arnout died October 1, 1890, deeply mourned by her family and a wide circle of loving friends ; she was a faithful member of the Methodist Epis^jopal Church, nearl}^ forty years. Mr. Arnout is a Democrat, and has been justice of peace several terms, and school director many \"ears. He has carried on an extensive lumbering business in connection with general farming, and at the present time owns a sawmill located on his farm which he successfully operates. ELMER J. ATWOOD, farmer and stock-grower. Pike township, P. O. LeRaysvilie, was born in Camptown, this county, August 23, 1855, a son of George C. and Henrietta (Ta^dor) Atwood, natives of Pennsylvania, and of New England origin. His paternal ancestor, Reuben Atwood, was l)orn November 1, 1782, and died October 25, 1878 ; Abiah (Piatt) Atwood came to Bradford county from Water- town, Conn., in 1832, traveling all the way in an ox cart, and located on the farm now owned by P. J. McAuley ; the family consisted of live children, of whom George C, the youngest, was, during his life, one of the most widely known men of Bradford county, one of those positive, energetic characters who always took time and circumstances by the forelock. He was married July 3, 1852, to Henrietta, daughter of Aaron and Armanda M. (Watson) Taylor, natives of Connecticut ; she was born April 3, 1833, in Springfield, Pa. This happy union was blessed with the following children : Ella J., born August 16, 1853, married December 31, 1872, to Elihu W. Buttles, a farmer, of Orwell 608 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. township, and died February 8, 1883 ; Elmer J.; Alice H., born Octo- ber 6. 1856, married to Henrv H. Coleman ; Ida L., born June 4, 1862, married September 30, 1882, to Frank H. Abbott, of New York ; Georgiana, born October 15, 1865, was gi-aduated from Wyoming Seminarv and Mansfteld State Normal School, now in Syracuse Uni- versity ;' Sarah E., born March 3, 1867, was graduated from Kingston Commercial School and State Normal ; Frederick G., born August 27, 1868, married Anna Overpeck September 17, 1890 ; Kollin C, born April 28, 1870, a graduate of the commercial course, also telegraphy and stenography, at Wyoming Seminary ; William L., born February 9, 1872; Cora J., born May 1,1874; and Leon M., born May 5, 1877. Elmer J. Atwood spent his boyhood on the farm, was educated in the common school and Wyoming'Seminary, and began life at nineteen on a farm in Herrick township. He bought his first farm of fifty-eight acres in 1877, and lived there until 1886, when be purchased his pres- ent home of three hundred acres, known as the Alonzo Smith farm. He has converted it into one of the best stock farms in Bradford county, and constructed a driving course upon it. At present he has twentv-onegood blooded farm and driving horses and colts, nine of Avhich are carefuUv bred Hambletonian colts. All but twenty-five acres is in an excellent state of cultivation. Mr. Atwood was married March 12, 1873, to Jennie S. Nichols, who died November 2, 1877, and he after- ward married, March 4, 1878, Sarah J. Avis, daughter of Leverett Avis, a native of Connecticut. Mi', and Mrs. Atwood have the follow- ing named children: Walter E., born January 26, 1879; Nellie I., bo"n Movember25, 1881 ; Vernon J., born June 2, 1884; and Grace 1., born June 7, 1888. Mr. Atwood is a Republican, and takes an active interest in educational and all benevolent enterprises. FREDERICK GRANT ATWOOD, farmer. Herrick, was born in Herrick township, this county, August 24, 1868 ; his father, George C. Atwood, was born in Pike toVnship, May 17, 1825 ; his grandfather Reuben Atwood, was born in Watertown, Conn., November 1, 1782. Georo-e C. Atwood attended the district school at South Hill until he was sixteen, when he started for himself, peddling in this and adjacent counties, in which he continued until his twenty-seventh year, when he opened a store in Camptown, dealing in general merchandise. In 1854, he sold out and began farming, also doing a banking business in his neighborhood ; his first purchase was seventy-five aci'es wliere the presenr Atwood homestead stands; his was a very successful life, and !iis death occurred October 19, 1889. He married, July 3, 1852, Henrietta, daughter of Aaron and Amanda (Watson) Taylor, who was the second of a family of four children, and was born in Connecticut. There were fourteen children by this marriage: Ella, wife of E. W. Buttles; Elmer . I.: Alice IL; Delia F., wife of E. A.Howe; Ida !.., wife of Frank II. Abbott; Georgiana; Sarah E. ; Fi-ederick Grant; RollinC.;William L.; Cora J. and Eeon M., and two others died in infancy. Frederick G. Atwood attended school at Herrickville until he was seventeen, and then went to the Normal School two years, and returned home. In the s])ring of 1890 he purchased fi'om his father's estate ninety-seven acres, elglity of which was improved, and began farming. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 600 On September 17, IStJO, he married Anna U., daughter of Leander and Ethalinda (Giistin) Overpeck, natives of this State. Mr. Atwood is a member of Wyalusing Lodge, No. 508, I. O. (). F.. and in politics is a Republican. ROLLIN C. ATWOOD, a prominent farmer of Pike township, Ilerrickville, was born in Pike toAvnship, A])ril 28, 1870 ; the ninth in the family of twelve children of George C. and Henrietta (Tavlor) Atwood, natives of Pennsylvania, the former born in Bradford countv, and the latter in Sus, 1852, and hrst located m Camptown, this county, and then, in 1804, moved to Ilerrickville, where they settled. The record ' of their twelve children is as follows : Ella J. married Elihu W. Buttles, of South Hill, and died February 8, 1883 ; Elmer J. resides near LeRays- ville; AdeliaF. married E. A. Howe, of Orwell Hill, and they reside at Rome ; Ida L. married F. II. Abbott, of Homer, N. Y., where they hve; Alice H. married II. H. Coleman, of Pike, and thev reside there; Georgiana, Elizabeth S., Cora J., Rollin C, William L. and Leon M. live in Heriick ; Fred. G. married Annie Overpeck, and they also have their residence near Ilerrickvdle. The father, who was by occupation an agriculturist, died October 19, 1889; the mother still lives, and resides near Herrickville. Rollin C. Atwood, the subject proper of this biographical sketch, attended LeRaysville graded school, and then, in the year 1890, took a commercial course at Wyoming Seminar\% Kings- ton, Pa., after which he returned home and commenced farming. Mr. Atwood is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of East Ilerrick, belongs to the Alpha Phi Fraternity, and in politics is a Republican. GEORGE I^. ATWOOD, farmer and mechanic, of Wvalusing township, P. O. Camptown, was born December 5, 1848, in the house where he now resides, a son of Nelson R. and Sarah Ann (Camp) Atwood. Nelson R. Atwood was born in Herrick, January 3, 1811, and died May 5, 1869, and Sarah Ann (Camp) Atwood was born in Camptown, September 22, 1814, died April 17, 1867; they were the parents of three sons, viz.: Stiles H.. born August 15, 1844, died Feb- ruary 23, 1879 ; George N. and Dudley C, born October 7, 1850, and now a farmer residing in Wyalusing township on a portion of the old homestead. Nelson R. Atw^ood in early life learned the trade of car- penter which he followed some time ;" abandoned it for the wagon- maker's trade which he followed until his death, working in a fhop which stood on the spot now occupied by the residence of George N.; he also owned a farm of fifty acres which he cultivated ; was an'earn- est member of the Presbyterian Church, an honest, industrious, and highly respected gentleman, and was strongly attached to his home and family. Being a frugal man and a good financier he was in good circumstances at the time of his death, having accumulated his fortune entirely by his own exertions. George N. Atwood \vas born and reared on the farm he now occupies, and Avas educated in the Camp- town Academy and Collegiate Institute of Towanda. After reaching his majority he began to learn the carpenter's trade, working at same four years with Martin Fee. After his father's death he assumed 610 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. control of the old homestead farm, and has since devoted his time to his trade and to farming ; his farm of thirty acres making him a pleasant and cosy home. Mr. Atwood was united in marriage, Sep- tember 10, 1873, to Elizabeth A, Alger, a daughter of Nelson Alger of Greene county, N. Y.; she was born August 27, 1843. and died Jan- uary 20, 1888. Their union was blessed with two children : William X., born October T, 1874, and George L., born February 12, 1880. Politically Mr. Atwood is a stanch Ilepublican and an active advo- cate of the principles of his party ; he has largely made his own way through life and been very successful, MAJOR CYRUS AVERY, Camptown, while one of the elderly, though not old men of the county, has for years been one of our most prominent citizens, and of whose useful life the universal testi- mon}'' of all acquaintances is that his is one notably characterized '' with charity for all — malice toward none." In the prime of his active life he passed through the great era of stormy politics, the troublous decade from 1860 to 1870, a tirm and consistent Democrat, when many of that party were misread, and others incurred even the implacable enmity of old neighbors and sometimes former friends ; but this man moved with calm serenity, and could always command the confidence and respect of all who knew him. He was born March 8, 1821, in Falls township, Luzerne (now Wyoming) Co., Pa., and spent his boyhood days on a farm, a son of Miles Avery, who was born December 28, 1791, son of Cyrus Avery, born May 12, 1771, son of Solomon, born June 7, 1729, son of Humphrey, born July 4, 1699, son of Samuel, born August 14, 1664, son of James, born December, 1646, spn of Capt. James, born in England in 1620, son of Christopher Avery, of England, who came to Massachusetts in company with his son James, whose descendants now spread from the Atlantic to the Pacific shore. Cyrus, when a lad between fourteen and twenty-one, served as bugler in a militia company. In 1842 he was commissioned, by the Governor, major in the One Hundred and Sixteenth Regiment, Second Battalion of the militia of Pennsylvania, which was the Second Brigade of the Divi- sion, and served seven years. He spent the summer of 1848 in Illinois, and, returning to Camptown the next year, heformed a mercantile part- nership with A. R. Brown, and in 1851 he purchased his partner's interest and built the store and dwelling he now occupies. Under the admin- istrations of Pierce and Buchanan he served seven years as Cam])town postmaster. For man}^ years in his younger life he shipj^ed lumber down the river, and on the i-eturn brought goods via the canal as far as Pittston, and from there to Skinner's Eddy by boat, and wagoned from there to Camptown. On invitation of Col. Victor E. Piollet, he was a passenger on the first train over the Lehigh A^alley Railroad to Waverly and return, September 9, 1869 ; he sent the first baled hay from the county that was shipjied by the railroad. During the past thirty years he has cleared and improved his beautiful valley farm, over whose smooth surface the *' song of the reaper " may go over nearly every acre, on which are his extensive stock pastures with their beautiful valley brooks rippling forever over the Avhite pebbles. Here HISTOBY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 611 disperse his cattle and sheep, lending a charm to the beautiful per- spective, the whole constituting one of the best farms and delightful rural homes in the county. Maj. Avery is ])resident of the District Association of the Patrons of Industry, of Nortii America, of which there are fifteen subordinate orders in Bradford county. JMr. Avery's first marriage was December 23, 1841, with Caroline A. Brown, daughter of James Brown, of Eaton township, and of this marriage there were four children, as follows: A. J., born May 14, 1843, a farmer in Missouri; E. F., born May 28, 1846, now^ a dentist in Tunkhannock ; C. L., born Sejitember 30, 1848, an undertaker in Penfield, Pa., and Washington B., born May 7, 1851, and died young. His second marriage was in Bradford county, in November, 1852, with Mary P. Ingham, daughter of John and Marinda Ingham, and by her there were three children : John M., born June 23, 1855, died Februarv 0, 1862 ; Joseph C, born September 12, 1859, died November 18, 1878^^; Mary E., born December 2, 1861, wife of C. C. Smith, merchant, ('amptown. To the interviewer the Major expressed much of the facts in the case when he said : " I am in good health and delight in superin- tending the farm and looking after the domestic animals." A model home and pleasant household surrounded by those who give and receive that respect and love that is the supreme tyjie of the best of civilization. It is meet and proper here to say a word of Mrs. Averv — a royal helpmeet and companion of a husband ; cultured, refined, ii motherly mother of as peaceful and enjoyable home as there is in Brad- ford county, made so chiefl}^ by her presence. O. F. AYEK, poprietor of the Valley Mills, Sheshequin, was boin in Sheshequin, Pa., August 11, 1840, and is the only child of F. S. and Sarah (Tuttle) Ayer, his father being a native of Madison countv, N. y., and his mother of Sheshequin, Pa. ; the mother died in 1868, aged forty -two years; the father is engaged in the lumber and milling business. O. F. Ayer received his early education in the common schools of Sheshequin, and afterward in the Collegiate Institute, of Towanda, attending the latter three years. x\fter leaving school he engaged in the lumber business in connection with his father, under the firm name of F. S. Ayer & Son, until 1868. when they moved to Sheshequin; he built his sawmill in 1868; his father's gristmill was built in 1870, it has three run of stone for flour, and one for corn and feed ; the sawmdl consists of a circular saw% shingle machine and planing mill. Mr. Ayer was united in marriage December 25, 1863. to Anna, daughter of Jacob and Harriet (Knapp) Morley, and the fruits of this marriage are four children, viz. : F. O., draughtsman ; Sarah M., music teacher; Frederick E., aged fourteen years, and Harry O., aged eleven years. Our subject is a member of the I. O. O. F., has taken all the degrees ; is attached to the Lodge at Sheshequin, and holds a withdrawal card from the Encampment at Towanda ; in ])olitics he is a Republican. HON. ENOCH J. AYRES, farmer, P. O. Macedonia, was born in Sussex county, N. J., September 20, 1828. and is a son of John and Anna (Vansickle) Ayres, also natives of New Jersey, the ancestry being 612 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Scotch and English. The ])aternal great-grandfather of our subject was in the Revolutionary War. Enoch J. Ayres was educated in the schools of his native place, and was reared on his father's farm. On September 20, 1855, he was married to Nancy, daughter of Mathew Jackson, of Paterson, N. J., and to them have been born three children, one of whom is now living, Annie, born September 8, 1866. Mr. Ayres was for several years in mercantile business in Paterson, N. J., of which city he was at one time elected alderman. During the War of the Pebellion he was a soldier in the Twenty-fifth N. J. V. I., and was elected and com- missioned lieutenant-colonel of the regiment; he served during the term of his enlistment, and was mustered out with the regiment. Mr. Ayres came to Asylum township, this county, in the spring of 1866, and located on his present farm of over two hundred acres, one of the finest in the county, where he soon became one of the leading agri- culturists of this section. He was elected, in 1882, representative to the State Legislature, and served with great credit and to the eminent satis- faction of his constituents. He has always been a Republican in his political preferences, has held many positions of public trust, and is much respected bv a large circle of friends. JACOB J. AYRES, farmer, P. O. Gillett, was born in Milton, Northumberland county, Pa., March 2, 1816, a son of Daniel and Eliza- beth (Shelve) Ayres. Daniel Ayres was a valiant soldier in the War of 1812, was by "trade a general blacksmith, and was an excellent mechanic. He married Miss Elizabeth Shelve, by whom he had six children, all of whom grew to maturity, two now living. Jacob J., who is the sixth in the family, was reared and educated in Montgom- ery county, and at the age of sixteen he went to Philadelphia to learn the carriage-maker's trade. After he served his time as an apprentice he opened a shop for himself in Jackson, Tioga Co., Pa., where he succeeded in building up a large country trade. Here he worked four- teen years and then, in 1851, removed to Wells township, this county, locating about three miles west of Gillett, where he purchased ninety- four acres of uncultivated land, heavily timbered and without any buildings. By perseverance, patience and improving, he worked at his trade in the winter and at farming in the summer until he converted the forest into a comparative paradise. On September 15, 1839, Mr. Ayres married at Rutland, Tioga Co., Pa., Miss Delilah, daughter of Isaac and Amanda Parker, and by this union there were born six children, five of whom grew to maturity, viz.: Sylvester, Lewis, Archi- bald, Sarah and George W., all married and prosperous. Mr. Ayres is grandfather to seventeen children. He is a man of enterprise and push and a successful agriculturist, his farm bemg a model one; the fruit grown thereon is of the finest and of several varieties, and his stock comprises some full-blooded Jerseys : Mr Ayres is a member of the Grange, and a consistent member of the Baptist Church. Mr P. AYRES, farmer, in Canton township, P. O. East Canton, is a native of Canton township, this county, having been born September 20, 1841, a son of Abijah and Thirza (Palmer) Ayres, natives of Connecticut. Abijah Ayres was a farmer and an early settler of HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 613 Canton township, coming here in 1801) and settling three-(]uarters of a mile noi'thwest of where his son now resides. He enlisted as a soldier in the War of 1812, but was not in active service; he died in 1860 in his seventy-third year. Mrs. Ayres was born July 17, 1806, jind resides in Covington township, Tioga Co., Pa. The paternal grandfather, Abijah Ayres, who was a native of Connecticut, also settled in Canton town- ship about the year 1809, and died in 1836. The subject of these lines, who is the eighth in order of birth in a family of eleven children, was reared in his township, and received his education in the public schools. On August 31, 186J:, he enlisted in Company I, Fifteenth New York Engineers, and was in active service in Virginia and North Carolina until two months before the close of the war, when he w^as sent to David's Island Hospital, N. Y., on account of disability; was mustered out on June 13, 1865, returned home, and has since been engaged in farming. He was married in Sullivan township, Tioga Co., Pa., October 21, 1869, to Augusta M., daughter of Thomas and Isabel (Wilson) Case, natives of Vermont and Chester county. Pa., respectively, and who came here in early life and were married in Canton township, afterAvard removed to Troy township wdiere they resided two years, and then returned to Canton. Thomas Case, who was a farmer, and a soldier in the War of 1812, was born February 12, 1798, and died July 27, 1872. Mrs. Case was born January 29, 1804, and died August 3, 1873. The paternal grandfather, Samuel Case, a native of Vermont, settled in Troy township; the maternal grandfather, William Wilson, came from Chester county. Pa., and settled in Burlington township; Mrs. Ayres' grandmother, Margaret (Ballard) Wilson, was a native of Connecticut. Mrs. Ayres, who is the youngest in order of birth in a familv of six children, was born in Canton township, this county, December 1, 1845. They have an adopted son named Bernard. The family are members of the Disciple Church. Mr. Ayres is a member of the AVest Granville Grange, and served one term as township commis- sioner. Politically he is a Republican. He owns a well-improved farm of ninetv acres. SHELLY AYPES, farmer, P. O. Windfall, was born in Canton township, this county, April 19, 1830, and is a son of Abijah and Polly (Shelley) Ayres. His paternal grandparents were Abijah and Hannah (Edward) Ayres, who settled in Troy township in 1815, and what is now^ Granville township in 1817, cleared a large ti'act of land, and died there, the homestead being the one now occupied by their grandson, Shelly Ayres; their children were as follows: Abijah, Gil- bert, .lohn, Jemima^ (Mrs. Elihu Andrews), Moses, Isaac, Anna (Mrs. M. J. Porter), Sally (Mrs. Silas Packhard), Rachel (Mrs. Phillips), Lemuel, Marcus and Mary (Mrs. Reuben J. l^'almer). The father of our subject cleared and improved a farm in Canton townshij), and died there. His children were as follows: John, Betsey, Henry, Moses, Ellen, Hannah and Shelly ; by his second wife, Thurza (Pal- mer), he had nine children: Mary, Eliza, Sarah, Christine, Lucy, Naomi, Marcus, Andrew and Burton. Shelly Ayers was reared in Canton, and has been a resident of Granville thirty-five years. He married Roxanna, daughter of M. T. and Amanda (Spencer) Porter, 34 614 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. of Granville township, and has had the following named cliildren : Mary, Flora, Deliva, Fremont, Oscar and Fj-ank. Mr. Ayres enlisted August 15, 1804, in Company I, Fifteenth New York Engineers, and, after eleven month's service was honoral)l\' discharged. Politically he is a liepublican. MRS. GEOPtGE AV. IJAILEY, retired, LeKaysville, was born April 27, 18-1:7, in Pike townsiiip, this county, a daughter of Jonathan and Abigal (Steven) Brink, natives of Pennsylvania, and of New England oi-igin, in whose family there were three children, of whom Marian (Mrs, l>ailey) is the second. She was educated in the common school, and at LeRaysville Academy, and September 26, 1865, she was married to George W. Bailey, the youngest of six children of Daniel and Laura (I>aldwin) Bailey. They lived on a farm for a year and a-half, and then Mr. Bailey engaged with his brother, Daniel, in mercantile business in the store which his father had can-ied on many years. To Mr. and Mrs, Bailey were born two children : Nettie A., born September 6, 1867, married February 27, 1882, to George AV. Payson, a dentist of Newark Valley, N. Y., and iJarry C, l)orn January 26, 1871, died March 22, 1872. Mrs. Bailey and her daughter are mem- bers of the Congregational Church ; she is one of the highly respected ladies of LePavsville. NEWTON J. BAILEY, Towanda, was born in North Towanda township, this county, March 18, 1847, and is a son of Jeremiah and Electa (Baldwin) Bailey, Ilis paternal grandfather was a native of Oi-ange count}', N, Y., and came to Wyalusing in 1791, and in 1792 settletl on Sugar creek in what is now North Towanda township ; the same year he married Susan Bennett, daughter of Amos Bennett, of Wyalusing, but formerly of Orange county, N, Y. Mr. Baile}^ settled on the farm now occupied by his sons and resided there until his death which occurred in 1861, when aged ninety-two years. His children were Pruda (Mrs. Stephen Avery), Joshua, Nehemiah, Nathaniel, Anna (Mrs, Andrew C. Greerg), Phebe (Mrs. Austin Bundell), Susan (:\[rs. William McNeal), Polly (Mrs. Harry C()oll)augh). Mehitabie (Mrs. Gordon Goflf), John, Clara (Mrs. Alfred Strojie), Enos and Jeremiah. Jeremiah Bailey succeeded to the homestead, on which he was born and reared, and where he died at the age of seventy-four. Ilis wife was a daughter of Thomas and Lucy A. Baldwin, of Troy, this county, and by her he had ten children, of whom seven grew to matui-ity, as follows: Thomas J,, Newton J,, Susan, Joseph. Doi-a (Mi"s. S. Slater), Lucy (Mrs. Perry Iless) and Jeremiah. Newton J. Bailey was reared on the old homcistead, a ])art of which he now owns and occupies; in connection with his farming interests, he has followed butchering for twenty years, and for eighteen years has conducted a market in Towanda. In 1868 he married Susan, daughter of Asa and Lucinda (Rundell) Slater, of J>urlington, and has seven children, viz: William. ALary (Mrs. U. M. Slater), ]\Iinnie, Archie, Cora, Lla and John. Mr. Jjailey is a member of the JMethodist Episcopal (yhui-ch ; in politics he is a Repul)lican. RODOLPIIUS D. BAILEY, farmer, 1', O, LeRoy, was born in LeRoy, this county, February 17, 1835, a son of Samuel and Adaline HIRTORY OK HRADFORD COUNTY. /il5 (White) Bailey. His paternal grandfather, Timothy Bailey, of Con- necticut, was one of the pioneers of LeRoy township; his wife was Eleanor Harris, and their children were Harriet (Mrs. Eli Holcomb), Abby (Mrs. Jacob Roberts), Electo (Mrs. Marlin Holcomb), Marvan (Mrs. Richard Benson), Lucinda (Mrs. Georg-e Browning), Samiiel, Ly mon, Jeremiah, Alvin and Warren. Of these, Samuel was a shoe- maker by trade, and most of his life worked on the bench in LeRoy; later in life he was engaged in mercantile business at the same place, and died there ; his wnfe was a daughter of David White, of Gran- ville township, by whom he had six children, as follows : Lovisa (Mrs. James McCraney), Dorleska (Mrs. James Griswold), Elozia (Mrs. Christopher Hartman), Franteska (Mrs. Amos Harris), Manning and Rodolphus D. Our subject was reared in Le Roy township, learned the shoemaker's trade with his father, which he followed twenty- eight years ; then engaged in farmmg in Granville township, in which he has since continued. His WMfe was Annette, daughter of Ebenezer and Ovan(hi Marvin, of Granville, and there are three children: Ovanda, Mattie (Mrs. Solomon Lindley) and Marion. Mr. Bailey is a member of the Church of Christ, and in politics is a Republican. ROBERT BAILEY, one of the oldest residents of Granville town- ship, r. O. Granville Centre, was born March 27, 18L5, on the farm where he now resides, a son of Scovil and Jerusha (Hale) Hailey. natives of Connecticut, who settled in Granville in 18ol and cleared and improved the farm occupied by our subject, and died there; their children were: Julius, Jerusha (Mrs. Luman Putnam), Eliza (Mrs. John Taylor), Hezekiah, Harry, Amanda (Mrs. Samuel W. Shepard), Robert and Hannah (Mrs. William Rockwell). Our subject has always lived on the old homestead, a part of which he cleared. He has been twice married, his first wife being Maryette, daughter of Jhadford Robbins, of Granville, and by her he had two children. Moses I. and John ; his second wife was Lucia, daughter of Erastus Booth, of Troy townsliip. Mr. Bailey is a member of the Free Will Baptist Church ; in politics he is a Republican, and he served as justice of the peace of Granville twenty-five years. W'rLLTAM FLOYD BAKER, farmer and (juarryman, Troy, was born in Rutland, Tioga Co., Pa., March 9, L842, and is a son of Harlin and Sarah A. (Longwell) Baker. His paternal grandparents, George and Kate Baker, originally from Maryland, settled in Wells township, this county, in 1814, cleared a farm and later moved to Columbia township where they resided until their death. Their children were Parmina, Harlm, Joseph, Ruth, Rebecca, Sally, Zuba, Amanda, Wil- liam, George and Gibbons. Harlin Baker settled in Wells township wMth his parents, in 1814, where he cleared a farm; about 1835 he removed to Rutland, Tioga Co., I*a, where he cleared a farm of four hundred acres. In the spring of 18T1 he removed to Troy township, where he died May 7, 1886, aged eighty-one years ; his widoAV still survives him, now aged eighty-three ; their children were six in num- ber: John (deceased), Emmett, George, Sarah, William F. and Wilmot. The subject of this sketch was reared m Rutland township, and in 1871 he moved on the farm he now occupies, on which he opened an 616 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. extensive stone (i[uaiTy of the best quality of blue stone. He was married September 3, 1871, to Carrie, daughter of Jefferson and Eliza (Brewer) Prutsraan,of Rutland township, and they have four children : Damon, Bertha, Guy and Fannie. Mr. Baker is a member of the I. O. O, F., of Troy Farmers Club, and of the P. of H.; in politics he is a Republican. WILLIAM W. J>AJvER, proprietor of a creamery and farmer of Warren township, P. O. Wapasening, is a native of AVindham town- ship, Bradford Co., Pa., was born December 3, 1827, a son of Ivers and Elizabeth (Russell) Baker, natives of Massachusetts and Con- necticut, respectively, and of English origin, farmers who came to Bradford county, locating in Windham township, in 1824, where the former died in" 1836, his widow surviving until 1886; they were the parents of four children, of whom William W. is the second. William W. Baker spent his young life on his father's farm, having only the limited advantages of the youth of that early day; he learned well to farm and loved to attend to domestic animals of the farm, and in eai-ly manhood began farming and dealing extensively in stock, following this business without interruption thirty years. Tie com- menced on the first round of the ladder of life, and is now independent and owns a farm of one hundred and seventy-five acres, and carries on an extensive creamery, having two in Orwell township and one in Nichols, IST. Y. He was married in 1854, in Pike township, to Pris- cilla R. Rodgers, daughter of Philip and Elizabeth (Lamoreux)Rodgers, natives of New York, of English and French extraction. To Mr. and Mrs. Baker have been born three children, as follows: Jennie (died in August, 1890, aged thirty-three), Rachel Libby and Franklin B. The Baker family is one of* the prominent ones of Bradford county. Mr. Baker in politics is a Democrat, is postmaster at Wapasening, a jus- tice of the ))eace and a school director. VINE H. BALDWIN,of the firmof Baldwin Bros., Canton, is a native of Chemung, N. Y., born November 24, 1852, the second in order of birth in a family of three children of Robert C. and Rebecca (Foulke) Baldwin; he Avas reared in Chemung, N. Y., and received his education in the public and graded schools. He clerked for the firm of Newberry, Peck & Co., in Troy, six years; then was with Redington, Leonard & Co , of Troy, six years; removed to Canton in the spring of 1884, where he has continued in business since. He was married in Troy, in 1877, to Helen, daughter of Harry and Maria (Childs) Lowman, natives of Lycaldwin is a member of the F. ros., dealers in dry goods, groceries, boots and shoes. Canton, was born in Towanda, Pa., "October 7, 1850, a son of Robert C. Baldwin, wdio was born at HISTORY OF HRADFORD COUNTY. 61? Bentley Creek, Tioga Co., Pa., March 25, 1813, and died in Chemung, N. Y., June 14, 1880; he was a son of Vine Baldwin, who was the tirst business man in Ti'oy, and a grandson of Isaac Baldwin ; he was the third in order of birth of a family of five sons, was a builder and contractor, and also followed farming. Our subject's mother, Mrs. Rebecca (Foulke) Baldwin, was a daughter of William and Anna [Alexander) Foulke, natives of Dauphin county and Ilummelstown, Pa., respectively. Wdliam Foulke was a surveyor and owned a grist- mill and farm; he died in Chemung, N. Y., in 1836 in his fifty-eighth year. Mrs. Foulke died September 1, 1883, in her eighty -sixth year. Mrs. Baldwin, who is the fourth m order of birth in a family of eight children, was born in Chemung, N. Y., April 27, 1824. William F. Baldwin is the eldest in a family of three children. When he was one vearokl his parents removed from Towandato Chemung, N. Y., where he resided until seventeen years of age, and then removed to Troy, Pa. He received his education in the public and graded schools ; clerked in the store of Newberry & Peck, Troy, four years, and then went to Williamsport and engaged in the grocery business with A. B. McKean and John T. Blackwell, under the firm name of McKean, Baldwin ct Co. At the end of one year J. C. Everett succeeded McKean & Bkickwell and the firm became Everett & Baldwin, They continued in business four years, when they sold out in 1878, and Mr, Baldwin went West, locating at Ogallah, Trego Co., Kan. He purchased a one-lialf section of land adjoining a town site that was kiid out, in partnership with his brother Vine, built a store, and continued in busi- ness thei'e two years; then removed to Gunnison county, Colo., where he engaoed tn mercantile business under the firm name of Baldwin & Ripperton, and also prospected in mining country. At the end of two years he returned home, and in April, 1874, he removed to Canton, where they engaged in their present business, under the firm name of Baldwin Bros. & Co. In 1887 the brothers bought out the other partners, and the firm changed to Baldwin Bros. William F. Baldwin was married in Troy, in June, 1884, to Mary A., daughter of Albion and iSarah (Wilbur) Budd, natives of this county. Albion Budd is a farmer, and resides in Austinville. Mrs. Baldwin is the youngest in a family of four children living, and was born in Austinville, August 22, 1858. Mr. and Mrs. Baldwin are members of the Presbyterian Church, of wliich he is one of the board of trustees; is a member of the F. & A. M.. Canton Lodge, No. 415. Politicallv he is a Republican. JACOB L. BALL, fai-mer, of Litchfield township, P. O. Litchfield, was born July 13, 1839, a son of Benjamin and Sarah Ball, the former of whom was a native of Orange county, N. Y., the latter of Vermont; they were the parents of eight children, six of whom grew to maturity, and five are living at present ; they settled in Litchfield in 1812, being among the pioneers in the township. The grandparents of our subject were extensive farmers of Orange countv, N. Y. Jacob L. was reared in his native township and educated at the common school. In November, 1804, he married Cornelia, dauohter of Aaron Wood, of Pike township, an old soldier of the War of 1812. Mr. Ball is the father of eight children, as follows: Ida A., born November 28, 618 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1865, married to F. Halstead, a farmer; Amy A., born June 28, 1867, married to Alonzo Scott, a mechanic ; Mary A., born October 7, 1868, married to James Munn, a farmer; Sarah C., born October 15, 1869 ; Hattie A., born August 6, 1871 ; Victoria (deceased) ; Jacob L., born April 4,1874; and Ethiel W., born September 12,1876. Mr. Ball is an enterprising farmer, and at times deals in lumber extensively. He was a soldier in the Civil War, serving one year under (len. Sherman in the Port Royal expedition, aftei- in the Fiftieth Pennsylvania Regiment, from which he was honorably discharged. In politics he is a Republican, and has the confidence of his fellow citizens, holding at the present time the office of justice of the peace; he is member of the G. A. R., and in religious views is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. JOSEPH A. BALL, justice of the peace, East Troy, was born at Painted Post, N. Y., June 9, 1837, and is a son of Chauncey and Eliza (Burst) Ball, who settled in Troy township about 1841. "The father was a distiller and for many years was employed at Long's distillery; he died in 1859, and had eight children : Joseph A., Julia (Mrs. Charles Murray), Jane (Mrs. Thomas Knights), James, John, Martha, Mary and Isolmer (died March, 1861, of diphtheria). Our subject, the only sur- vivor, was reared in Troy, and educated in the common schools and Troy Academy. After attaining his majority he engaged in farming, and in April, 1861, he enlisted in Company D, Twenty-third N. Y. V ., participating in the following battles: Second Bull Run, South Moun- tain and Antietam, losing his right arm at the latter engagement ; he received an honorable discharge in 1862, returned home, and from 1875 to 1885 was engaged in general merchandising at East Troy. January 28, 1863, he married Emnui A , daughter ol' Cai'lton H. and Naomi (Smith) Campl)ell, of Springfield, this county, and his four chddren : Ada, Myra, Libbie anallard, and both were pioneers of Burlington township. Nathaniel and John Ballard made the first clearing in Columbia townshi|)on what is now known as the Card farm, also cleared the Nash place in Sylva- nia; they cut the timber off of three acres, but, getting tired of their bargain, "^ traded their claim for a dog, and returned to l>urlington where they had originally settled in 1796 Nathaniel returned to Columbia township in 1833, where he resided until his death, Novem- ber 1,1861; his wife was Susaniuih, a daughter of William and Mary (McLain) Dobbins, of Burlincrton township, and by her he had three children : Myron, Celestia (Mrs. Joel Stevens) and Betsey (Mrs. A'ed after nine months' service. He then enoaged in farmino- until 1870, when he embarked in a general merchandise business, and has been a member of the lii'm of DeWitt & Ballard since. In 1862 he married Martha, daughter of Guernsey and Jane (Brizzee) Blakeslee, of West Burlington, and has four children: Jennie (Mrs. H. A. Stiles), Oscar B., Katherine and Mahlon. Mr. Ballard is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of the F. & A. M. and G. A. P., and in politics is a Republican. SHEPARD H. BALLARD, farmer, Troy township, P. O. Troy, was born in Burlington township, this county, June 11, 1833, a son of John V. and Maria (Smith) Ballard. His paternal grandparents w^ere Thomas and Kate Provin) Ballard, natives of Massachusetts, and pio- neers of Burlington township, and his maternal grand fathei" was Enos Smith, a pioneer of Smithfield township. The subject of this sketch was reared in Tro}'^ township, eilucated in common schools, and on attaining his majority engaged in the mercantile business in Troy for one year. He then settled in Burlington township, and engaged and partially cleared and improved a farm which he still ow^ns, and lived thereuntil 1883, when he remov^ed to Troy, where he has since resided. In 1858 he married Lucena E., daughter of Capt. Alvin and Julia (Smith) Bailey, of Connecticut, and has three children: l)ix, Dell (Mrs. A. T. Parks) and Ray. Mr. Ballard is a descendant of the old- est families of Bradford county; politically he is a Republican. 620 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. liEV. GEORGE BALLENTINE, clergyman and farmer, Smith- tield townsliip, P. U. Floss, was born in County Antrim, Ireland, May 26, 1839. In early life be was abnen weaver in tlie winter, and in tbe summer was employed on the farm ; he was second in a family of seven children ; and acquired a fair education in his native country. He and his brother, John, came to this country in the month of July, 1863, and landed in New York on the day of the great riot, and saw the two men-of-war come up to the city, to put down the disturbance. He worked first at the iron works near Ailentown, and in the fall of 18G-1: entered Bucknell University, where he was graduated in 1871, and entered the ministry of the Baptist Church at North Moreland, Wyoming county. On October 3, 1873, he was married to Jennie R. Gerould, who was graduated from the same college as her husband ; she was the daughter of James L. and Sabrina B. Gerould, born November 28, 1848, on the farm where they now reside. There have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Ballentine eight children, seven of whom are now living, as follows: Bernie II., James Gerould, Mary F., Carrie M., John H., Harriet L. and George F. Mr. Ballentine was pastor at North Moreland four years, and then eight years in Mont- gomerv county, where he built two churches ; on accountof nervous disa- bility lie was obliged to discontinue active work for a time, and conse- quentlv came to this township w^here he owns a tine farm. He has continued to preach at Smithfield, South Creek, Ridgebury, and for the last two years at Terrytown and Camptown, when without a regu- lar pastor; 'his brother, John, who was graduated at the college above named, is the professor of Greek and Latin in the State Normal School at Clarion, and was formerly a professor in Madison (now Col- gate) University, at Hamilton, N. Y. JAMESD. BARBOUR, farmer and dairyman, Ulster, one of the prominent farmers of the county, was born in Scotland July 20, 1829, the son of Hugh and Margaret '(Hunter) Barbour. His school term ended Avhen he was twelve years old, yet he has a fair education. In his father's family were seven children, of whom James D. is the eld- est ; two died in infancy ; three boys and tw^o girls live in this county : Elizabeth, at Moore's "Hill ; Janet, married to James McC^ueen, of Horseheads, N. Y.; Hugh, at Blyn City, Washington; Alexander, of Newman, Cal. The family came to this county in 1849, locating at Moore's Hill, and cleared the old woods away. James D. Barbour now owns a beautiful farm of 220 acres, having recovered the entire tract from brush, and has made the improvements, which are all modern and among the best of the county. On Se|)tember 28, 1864, he enlisted in Company II. Fifty-third liegiinent, P. \M.,and served until the close of the war. participating in the battle of Hatcher's Run. His health was greatly im[)aii'ed during his service, and for several years after his return from the army he was unable to perform farm labor, but is now fairlv restored to health. His jxirents died on the farm he now owns, the father March 26, 1864, and the mother July 11, 1873. Our subject was married Mai-ch 13, 1867, to Agnes, daughter of AValter and Mar- garet (Mather) Pollock, natives of Scotland (she was born in Ulster, and her father's family consisted of six children, she being next to the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 621 youngest and the only daughter ; her brothers all live in this county). The fruits of this marriage are two children, Walter and Margaret Estella. Mr. Barbour keeps a daiiy, also grows wool and breeds draft horses , he has over 100 acres of land under cultivation. lie is a mem- ber of Gilmour Post, G. A. li., at Ulster, a leading member of the Presbyterian Church at Ulster, and one of its organizers ; in his politi- cal views he is a Republican. PERLET N. BARKER, M. D., Troy, was born in Belpre, Wash- ington Co,, Ohio, August 31, 1S5G, a son of Edmund and Rhoda A. (Lathrop) Barker, of English descent, and on the paternal side coming of Puritan stock. Until the age of fourteen he attended the public schools of Illinois, and then three years were spent in the schools of western New York ; he then took a course of study in the Wellsboro (Pa.) graded school, and commenced the study of dentistry in that place. In 1878 he located in Troy, and was an assistant in the office of Dr. R. C. Kendall; in 1880 he w^as examined by the Pennsylvania State Dental Examining Board, was given a certificate of proficiency, and passed the best examination up to that time of any who had come before the board. Being possessed of a fine intellect, he decided that a higher profession was more congenial to his tastes, and in 1887 he was graduated from the Medico-Chii-urgical College of Philadelphia, Pa., receiving the s-pecial prize in surgery ; soon after' he engaged in part- nership with Dr. E. G. Tracy, of Troy, with whom he has since been associated : he has a large surgical practice in the place in addition to his regular work, and has devoted a great deal of special study to this branch of his profession. Though young in years. Dr. Barker stands well in the estimation of the community, and has an excellent practice. He has been twice mari'ied, first to Cora, daugliter of Benjamin F. and Lydia (Slade) Knapp, of Troy, and by her had one son : Frank S. ; his second marriage was with Lillian, daughter of Joseph and Melissa (Hall) Joralemon, Trov. The Doctor is a member of the BaDtist Church, of the F. & A. M. and I. O. O. F. ; also of the Bradford County Medical Society, the Pennsylvania State Medical Society, and Alumni of the Medico-Chirurgical College, of Philadelphia. Politically he is a Republican. GEORGE BARNES, farmer and horse trainer, of Granville town- ship, P. O. Granville Centre, was born November 15, 1845, in Hart- ford, Conn., a son of Albert and Sarah E. (Andrews) Barnes, who settled in Granville in 1S4G, and cleared and improved the farm now owned by Luman Putnam, Jr., where they died. Albert Barnes was one of the leading citizens of his day, and, besides carrjnng on his farm, was extensively engaged in lumbering and in the sale of musical instru- ments and patent rights. He took an active part in local politics, and held many of the minor olfices of the township. Until the breaking- out of the War of the Rebellion he was in politics a Democi-at, but since then a stanch Republican. His children were Celestia (Mrs. P. S. Bailey), Julia (Mrs. II. W. McCraney), Roderick. Horace, George, Mellville and Charlotte (Mrs. George Bunyan). George Barnes was reared in Granville township, educated in the common schools, and began life as a farmer ; he has done an extensive business in lumbering, 622 flISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and from boyhood has been widely known for his skill as a breaker and trainer of horses, lie married in December, 1864, (Irace, daughter of C. J. and Rebecca (Becker) Martin, of Granville, and has fourchildren : Fordyce M., Floyd M., Albert and Donald. Mr. Barnes is a member of the 1. O. O. F., Granville Centre Lodge. In politics he is a Kepub- lican, and is now serving his second term as constable and collector of the township. ULYSSUS BARNES, hotel proprietor, Herrickville, was born on his father's farm in Herrick tow^iship, this county, July 26, lS-J-1. His father, .Jeremiah Barnes, was born in Orwell township, in 1811; his grandfather, Jesse Barnes, was born near Blandford, Mass., in 1784; his great-grandfather, Jerre Barnes, also born near Blandford. Mass., was a soldier in the Revolutionary Wai-, Pliiletus now having the musket he carried, a Queen Ann piece, in a fair state of ])reservation. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Jerre B>arnes were Jesse, Anson, Joel and Jeremiah. Jesse Barnes received the usual ])ublic-sciiool educa- tion, after which he worked at home on the farm witli his father, lie married Roxanna Warfel, also a native of Massachusetts, and came to this county in 1805, settling in Orwell township, where he improved 150 acres, on wiiich he lived until his forty-fourth year, when he was killed in the Horton sawmill. Wysox. They had eigiit children, viz.: Lucretia (wife of Alvin Goodnougli). Jeremiah. Dr. Jesse, Ollie (wife of Louis Martin), Nelscm, Philander, Alonzo and Francis Sylves- ter. Mrs. Jesse Barnes died in 1839. Jeremiah, the second eldest child in this family, received the usual public-school education, and worked on the farm until his twentieth year; then purchased a farm adjoining his father's, which he sold about 1834, and moved to Her- rickville, where he bought from Louis Martin 100 acres, on which his son, Philetus Barnes, now resides; he died Noveud)er 26, 1880. He had married SalU^ Aurilla, the younger of two children of Sypron Grant, and they had seven children : Sylvester (who died in infancy), Polly (wife of" George Coe), Melissa' (deceased), Ulyssus, Roxanna (deceased). Philetus and Loran (of Omaha, Neb). Jeremiah Barnes was tax collector in 1846. Ulyssus Barnes was educated in Herrick- ville, attending school until his nineteenth year, and learned the shoe- making trade! He was drafted and assigned to Company D, One Hundred and Seventy-fn-st Regiment P. Y. L.in October, 1862, and they were ordered to Harrisburg, l>altimore, Washington and Suffolk, Va., where they remained five weeks acting as reserves ; then ])roceeded to Harris' Landing, and on a transport to New Berne, N. C, where they remained until April 1. 1863; thence were sent to Little Washington, N. C, until June; thence to Fortress Monroe, and received orders to cut off the (Confederates, Avho were retreating from Gettysburg; thence up York river fifty miles, disembarked, and then were on march six (lavs, when they i-etiirned to Fortress Monroe. Thence they pro- ceeded to Baltimore and Harrisburg, where the command was mus- tered out August 8, 1863. Mr. Barnes returned home, remained two months, and then went to Nashville, Tenn., where he was employed bv the (iovei-nment until the close of the war, when he again returned home and took u|) his trade, which he has since followed. He is a tliSTORy OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 623 member of Union Lodge, No. 05, V. & A. M. Mr. Barnes married, June 7, ISTl, Sarah M., daughter of Thomas and Sallie (Drewster) Everson, natives of Monroe, Orange Co., N. Y.; she was boi-n 7\ugust 28, 1848; lier father and mother died in 1849 ; slie iiad one brother, (jeorge T., and one sister, Jnlia, wife of Charles Waklen. Mr. and Mrs. Barnes iiave one daughter, Jennie Melissa, who was born Febi-uarv 29, 1872. WILLIAM BARNES, farmer, P. O. Towanda, was born October 26, 1815, in the town of Nichols, Tioga Co., N. Y., a son of Hezeldah and Polly (Brewster) Barnes,; his father was a native of New York, and a pioneer lumberman and farmer. William P>arnes was united in marriage, November 5, 1842, with Sarah Stropes, daughter of Henry and Wealthy (Rutty) Stropes. natives of Pennsylvania, whose ancestry was of Geriiian extraction. To Mr. and Mrs. Barnes have been born ten childi-en, seven of whom grew to their majority : One son. Burton, was in the War of the Rebellion and lost his life in the service of his country; those living are Louisa, Charlotte, Anna J., William, Sidney and Edward, all of whom are married and prosperous. William Barnes was a poor l)oy,but b}^ honesty and perseverance has accumulated an independence, and is now the owner of tiii'ee farms of over two hundred acres ; he settled on his present homestead in North Towanda township when first married, nearly fifty years ago; has always lived an exemplary and contented life, and is beloved by his family, neigh- bors and an extensive circle of friends. It is said of Mr. Barnes that in the course of his business life of over sixty years he has never had a lawsuit. Mr. and Mrs. Barnes are a genial and amiable couple and bid fair to celebrate their golden wedding. HENRY BARRETT, proprietor of the ''Barrett House," To- wanda, was born in 1829, and is a son of John and Mary (McNamara) Barrett, who came to America in 1847, and settled in Sheshequin townsliip, this county. They were the parents of the following chil- dren: Richard, Cornelius, Mary (Mrs. Daniel Barrett), Margaret (Mrs. Thomas Sheahen), Susan (Mrs. Patrick McNamara), John Daniel and Henry. Henry Barrett was reared in Ireland, and came to America with his parents in 1847. After attaining his majority he engaged in farming at Standing Stone, this county, until 1878, when he removed to Towanda and embarked in the hotel business, in which he has since successfully continued, and has occupied his |)resent stand. No. 612 South Main street, since 1882. In 1856 he married Mary, daughter of Patrick and Mary (IVfcGuane) Lynch, of County Clare, Ireland. Mr. Barrett is a well-known and popular citizen ; he is a member of the Catholic Church, and in ])olitics is a Democrat. WASHINGTON I. BARROWCLIFF, farmer, of Tuscarora town- ship, P. O. Laceyville, Wyoming county, was born in Camptown, this county, June 27. 1848, and was educated in the common schools and at Wyoming Seminary ; he is a son of Wellington and Lucy (Shumway) Barrowcliff, the former a native of Mehoopany. Pa., of English descent, the latter of Tuscarora, of New England parentage. Mr.- I)arr(nvcliff began life for himself at twentv-two, farming in Tuscarora; he was also engaged in teacliing school, havino- taught over nine terms in Carbon, Wyoming and Bradford counties; then removed to Susque- 624 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. luinna county, where he was engaged in farming tAVO years, when he came to his present place, where he has since remained. He was married September 18, 1876, to Lalla, born February 22, 1857, a daughter of David and Sally (Learn)Edinger,of Monroe county. Pa., and they have four children, viz.: Kent, born September 14, 1877; Fidae, born May 26, 1880; Altie, born September 7, 1882; and Winifred, born August 4, 1884. Mr. IJarrowcliff is an independent voter and a strong advocate of the principles of rrohibition. The family are "members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Skinner's Eddy. JACOB J. BAKTOIl, farmer, Wilmot township, P. O.'Wilmot, was born in Sulliv^an county, Pa., September 12. 1846, and is a son of Godlip and Sarah (Suber) Bartch. the former a native of Wurtemberg, Germany, and the latter of Berks county, Pa., and of German lineage. Mr. Bartch began life for himself, farming, at twenty-nine, when lie purchased his present home of one hundred and forty-two acres where he has since resided. He was married May 5, 1873, to Miss Frances, daughter of John and Lucretia (Lephfruin) Saxe, and they have two children, viz. : Howard L., born January 26, 1877, and Florence ()., born Septeml)er 11, 1878. Mr. Bartch is a member of the Lutheran Church at Dushore, and his political principles are pronounced Republican. HEXKV ARTHUPt BARTLETT, physician and surgeon, Sugar Run, was born January S, 1846, at Towanda, this county, and is a son of O. D. and Mary (Weston) [^^artlett, the former a native of Otis, Mass., and the latter of Towanda. In his father's family there were the following named children : Frank W., i)rofessor of Hebrew and Oriental languages in Williams College, and pastor of Grace Church, Williams- to\vn, Mass.; Mary F. (Mrs. E. O. Macfarland), of Towanda; Harriet (Mrs. Walter G. Tracy), also of Towanda; Charles G. (deceased); Cora (Mrs. Norman Eiciiefberger), of Mansfield, Ohio; John N., and Orrin D., who died in infancy. Dr. Bartlett was educated at the Susque- hanna Collegiate Institute, Ann Arbor Medical College and Penn- sylvania Medical College; he also read medicine with Drs. Mason and iadill. In 1869 he located at Sugar Run, where he has since been engaged in the pi-actice of his pi'ofession. On June 30, 1863, the Doctor enlisted at Towanda, in Company A, Thirty-fifth P.V. I.; was first detailed as hospital warden, and later as surgeon of the Third Division of U. S. Military Carpenters. Dr. Bartlett was married July <"., 1869, to Miss Delphine", daughter of George H. and Fannie (Brown) Hill, of Burlington, and they have nine children : Orrin Daniel, born June 18, 1871; Mary Westoii, born October 5, 1873; Franklin Walter, born October 31, 1875; Henry Arthur, Jr., born October 6,1877; Jane Scott, boi-n August 19, 1880; P>essie, born Septeml)er 19, 1882; Edward Macfarland, born i\Iarch 14, 1885; Norman Eichelberger, born April 15, 1887. and ( !oi'a Eliza, born March 2, 1890, all of whom were baptized in 1 lie I'rotestant Episco])al Church by their uncle. Rev. F. W. Bartlett. Dr. and Mrs. Bartlett are also members of the Protest- ant Episcopal Church. He is a member of Jackson Post, G. A. R., at Wvahisiiig, of which he is surgeon; is a Freemason of the third degree, and in politics is a Repul)lican. Ebenezer Bartlett, the ances- HISTOliY OF BRA.1)F0UI) COUNTY. 025 tor of the farailv in Bradford county, was a lievolutionarv patriot, and was among tlie freemen who struck the first blow for Hberty at Lexington ; he was tlie great-gratul father of tlie subject of this sl, 1882, and May 27, 1884, he Avas married to Emma Conipton, daughter of William H. Compton, of New York City. Mr. Beebe takes a great interest in church matters, and is a Republican. He has been three times appointed postmaster of different offices in the count}' ; he has also served as council and on the election board of Rome borough. In his business career Mr. Beebe has always been successful, and left a large circle of friends wherever he has resided ; he commands the esteem and respect of a large circle of friends in this his adopted countv. JOSEPH B. AND GEORGE M. BEIDLEMAN, merchants,^ Wila- wana, were born in Wilawana, this county, Joseph B. on January 25, 1853, and George M. on March 23, 1862. They are the sons of Anson and Eunice (Seeley) Beidleman, natives of New York. Anson was the son of Isaac Biedleman, who moved to this county about 181H or 1817, when his son was seven or eight 3'ears of age, began keej)ing house in a log house in the northwest corner of the townshi]) of Athens, Avhere he followed farming. Anson followed the same vocation as his father in Athens township until 18-17 when, in company with D. S. Brown, he entered into mercantile business ; after three or four years under the firm name of Beidlenum & Brown, Mr. Beidle- man purchased Mr. Brown's interest, Avhich he continued with nmch success until his death, which occurred in 1880, when he was in his seventy-first year ; he was in the mercantile business thirty-two years, carrying a general stock for country trade. His family consisted of three sons: Joseph B., George M., and Benjamin F. (deceased). Joseph B. and George M. I3eidleman nvere reared and educated at Wila- Avana ; Joseph B. is yet unmarried; George M., at the age of twenty- two married Hattie L., daughter of G. H. and Catherine Sible, of WihiAvana, Pa., January 21, 1884, by Avhich union there was born to them one daughter, Mildred B. Mrs. Anson Beidleman carried on the business in her own name ten years after the death of her husband ; in 1890 J. B. and G. M. took the store in their OAvn name, and are doing a prosperous business ; besides a full line of groceries and pro- visions, they handle extensively farming machinery, and are known under the firm name Beidleman Brothers. They are both nmsicians of some mei-it, and ai-e much res])ccted by their townsmen. Joseph IJ. has held tiie office of constable two terms, and now holds the im- |)ortant position of justice of the i)eace. Mrs. Beidleman. Sr., is nearly sixty-five years of age, and enjoys good health. James Seeley, her grandfather, was a Revolutionary soldier. ALONZO E. BENJAMIN, farmer, Albany township, P. O. New All)any, was born in Asylum townsiiij). this count}', May 5,1838, a son of John V. and Betsey Elizabeth (P>ennett) Benjamin, natives of Albany township and of Knglish descent. His father was a farmer and lumberman. His grandfather, John Benjamin, also a farmer and lumberman, AA^as a native of Goshen, Orange Co., N. Y., and Avas one of the pioneers of Asylum. It is thought that the great-grandfather was also a resident of Asvlum, and died there at a very old age ; he was a HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 629 soldier of the Eevolutionary War, and a pensioner ; he was a man of influence. Benjamin Bennett, the grandfather on the mother's side, at one time o^vned a grist and saw mill at the month of the creek near wliere W. Iv. Storrs now resides ; he died at the age of ninety-eight years, a pensioner of the War of 1812. Our sul)ject was reared on his father's farm and engaged in farming in Asyhim; he was ten years in Monroe township and removed to his present farm of one liundredand fift}^ acres, in 1881, one of the finest properties in the township. In October, 1861, he enlisted in the Civil War in Company G, Fifty- seventh P. V. I., was in active service three years and two months, and was under fire a large number of times, receiving one slight wound. He was a prisoner in Libl)y prison about six months ; had also four brothers in the war, making live of the family serving their country all at one time. He was married March 20," 1866, to Eliza Mingos, whose ancestors were among the early settlers of Towanda township. To them have been born one daughter (now deceased) and one son, Almond H., who resides with his father. Mr. Benjamin is a member of the G. A. R.; politically he is a Bepublican, and he is one of the most successful farmers in the towmship. JAMES BENNETT, chief of police, constable and tax collector, Athens, is a native of Pike township, Bradford Co., Pa., born June 23, 1858, and is a son of Miles and Lucy (Bishop) Bennett; his father is also a native of Pike township; his mother of Susquehanna county. Pa.; the latter died June 23, 1858, in her twenty-fourth year. Miles Bennett is a farmer and veterinary surgeon, was in the service during the Civil War. Ferris Bennett, the grandfather of James Bennett, was a native Connecticut, and came to this county in an early day; he died in May, 1890, at the advanced age of ninety years. James Bennett is the youngest of three children (the second child died in infancy). He received a common-school education and followed farming until 1882, when he came to Athens and was appointed chief of police, the next year he was appointed constable, has been elected since that: in 1887 he was elected tax collector, and has held that ])osition since. He was married at Skinner's Eddy, July 19, 1879, to Miss Josephine H., daughter of Abraham M. and Melissa A. Kramer, natives of Wysox township. Abraham Kramer was a machinist and foreman in Kellogg ik Maurice's machine shops when they first started in Athens; he died in November, 1882, in his sixty-fourth year, and Mrs. Kramer resides with her daughter, Mrs. Bennett, who is the second in a famil}^ of thi-ee children; she was born in Ulster township, March, 1858. Mr. and Mrs. Bennett have an adopted daughter, Mabel L. Mr. Bennett, who is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, Rural Amity Lodge, No. 70, and of the Royal Arcanum, Sexennial League and Province and Shield; in politics he is a Republican. W. A. BENNETT, stone dealer, Silvara, was born in Wyalusing township, this count3% April 20, 1850, and is a son of Levi and Cor- nelia J. (Baker) Bennett. Of a family of seven children he is the third ; his father is still a resident of this county. The bo^iiood of our subject was passed on a farm, and he had the advantages of a good common-school education ; at the age of eighteen he began 630 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. to learn the carpentei-'s trade with James Share)", of Pike township' and after being in his employ about one year lie began contracting on his own responsibility, following that occupation until 1889. In 1867 he removed to Siivara, which has been his liome since; in 1882 he built a steam saw and planing and feed mill in that village, which he still operates. In the fall of 1888 he began his stone operations, leasing a tract of land close to the village, and opened what is now known as Bennett's quarry; this is the Blue Stone Quarry where he quarries a superior article of Hag and curb stone; he operates this during the summer and lumbers in the winter, thus furnishing steady em))loyment for about twelve men. In his work in the quarrv he cuts and ships on an average four car-loads of stone per week, finding mar- ket for the same in the cities of the Lackawanna Valley and New Jersey. Mr. Bennett is also an extensive land oAvner, having a tract of about one hundred and eighty acres of land mostly covered by a growth of fine timber. He was united in marriage, December IT, 187(>, with Susan Smith, a daughter of William Smith, of Xew York, and this union has been blessed with three children: Frennie, Elgie and Clair. Politically Mr. Bennett is a Republican, and has filled the various township offices. He is decidedly a self-made man, and by hard toil and close application to business he has amassed a considera- ble fortune which under his cai'eful guidance is constantlv increasing. JOHN GASKIN BENSLEY, farmer, Wysox township, P. O. Towanda, was born in Tioga county, N. Y., July 30, 1831, and is a son of John and Mary (Ross) Bensley, natives of Pennsylvania. In his father's family there were five children, of whom our subject is the fourth. John Gaskin Bensley began life for himself at twenty-one, and was engaged in lumbering fifteen years upon the West branch of the Susquehanna; then located on a farm in Pike township, where he remained five years, and was then engaged in the mercantile business at LeRaysville five years, and in 1879 he removed to his present home. Mr. Bensley was married October 1, 1804, to Miss Althea L., daughter of George and Lydia (Dwight) Judd, and they have had born to tliem three children : George Judd, born August 4, 1865 (is professor in Lowell's Commercial College, at Binghamton, N. Y.) ; Mertie Belle, born August 5, 1868, and Ward Eugene, born October 28, 1872, and died Se})teinber 16, 1884. Mr. Bensley is a Sir Knight Templar, and in politics he is a Rejiublican. ALVIN L. HKRin', farmer, Springfield townshij), P. O. Beri-y- town, was born January 16, 1836, on the farm where he now resides, a son of Almond and Clarissa (Severance) Berry, the former of whom was reared in Otsego county, N. Y., and removed to this county in 1825 from Danby, Tom])kins Co., X. Y., with his brothers, Woodard and Leaman, and they each cleai'cd large farms. The father was a man of sterling worth and inttuence in his time. He had a. family of seven children, and died at the age of sixty-seven years; the mother also died at the age ublic trust; has been postmaster since 1889. The family are members of the Wesleyan Methodist Church. JOHN BESLEY, farmer, P, O. Columbia Cross Roads, was born in Columbia township, this county, February 3, 1851, and is a son of John W. and Ilettie M. (Swayze) Besley. His paternal grandparents were Oliver and Rhoda (Westbrook) Besley, natives of France and New York, respectively, and who were pioneers of Columbia township, settling on the farm now owned by subject, which they cleared and C-Vi HISTOllY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. improved and there died. John W.. father of our subject, who was also a native of Columbia township, always followed farming, and died on the farm now occupied by his son (irabe C, his wife Avas a daughter of Obadiah and Elizabeth (Beamer) Swayze, of New Jersey, and by iier he had three sons : Oliver B., John and Gabe C. John Besley was reared in Columbia township, and resides on the old homestead of the paternal grandfather. In 1876 he married Mertie, daughter of O. B. and Emily (McClelland) Ilowland, of Columbia township, and they have four children : Lena E., John O., Edith L. and E. Gabe. Mr. Besley is a member of the Presbyterian Church ; in politics he is a Republican. WILLIAM W. BESLEY,fai-mer and stock dealer, of Columbia town- ship, P. O. Columbia Cross Roads, was born in Columbia township, this county, Nov^ember 16, 1849, and is a son of Oliver O. and Susan (Wolfe) Besley ; his paternal grandparents were Isaac and Rebecca (AVatkins) Besley, and his great-grandparents were Oliver and Rhoda (Westbrook) Besley. Oliver and Isaac Besley, who were both pioneers of Columbia township, cleared farms and tlied there. The children of Oliver and Rhoda (Westbrook) Besley were as follows: John W., Isaac, Elias, Susan (Mrs. Bateman Monro), Sophia (Mrs. James Fries), Elthera (Mrs. Peter S. Furman), Mary A. (Mrs. William Strait) and Catherine (Mrs. Jacob Fries). The children of Isaac and Rebecca (Watkins) Beslev were Oliver O., Philo W., George N., Clavton ()., Pollv (Mrs. Elnathan McClelland), Ada (Mrs. Albert Cainpbell), Esth'er A. (Mrs. William II. McClelland). Oliver ()., the father of our subject, was born in Columbia township, ;ind died there; he cleared several farms, and was also a dealer in stock; his wife was a daughter of George and Leefe (Kennedy) Wolfe, and granddaughter of Michael antl Elizabeth (Furman) Wolfe, who settled in Columbia township in 1813. Oliver O. and Susan (Wolfe) Beslev became the parents of seven children, of whom three grew to maturity : William AV.. George D. and Isaac. AVilliam AV. Besle}' was reared in Columbia township, where he has always resided, aiul since attaining his majoi-ity lias been eno-a^ed in business for himself as a farmer and stock dealer. He married June 3, 1886, Iliza, daughter of Andi-ew Fralev,of Springfield township, and has one son, Frank. Mr. Besley is one of the prominent and enterprising citizens of ('olumbia townshij), and in politics he is a Democrat. FRANCIS EUGENE BESSFV, pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Rome, was born in Monroeton, this county. Novembei* 22. 1850, and is the son of George and Amanda (Staples) liessey, the former of whom was a farmer and lumberman, a native of New York, and the latter a native of Connecticut, both members of the Methodist Ej)is- copal Church ; their family consisted of three children : Albert, a machinist; Herman, supeiintendent of schools at Delaware, and Francis Eugene. The I'athercame to thiscounty about the year lS46,and resided here until his death in lSti»; : the mother died one year before him in Fairfax county, \'a , aged fifty. The boyliood of our subject up to his twelfth 3'ear was s])ent in Monroeton township, where he attended the l)ublic schools; then removed with his mother to Washington, D.C HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 633 and studied in Columbia University three years, after which he entered the Grazer Theological Seminai'v, and was graduated in May, 18TH. Then went to Union, N. Y., Avhere he remained about two years, after which he removed to Hancock, N. V., whence alter fouryoars lie came to Rome wliei-e lie has since remaineti. Mi', l^cssey was united in mar- riage, April 17, 18SS, with Sophronie II., daughter of lliram and Jane (Ridgeway) Woodburn, of Rome township, this county. Mr. Bessey's present charge includes Rome and Orwell. As a minister he hag been very successful in winning the love and esteem of his congregation where he has been, lie is a meml)er of the International Fraternal Alliance, of Raltimore, Md., aiul in his political views was formerly a Republican, but now leans strongly toward the Prohibition party. JEROME E. BEST, merchant, South Warren, is a native of Potter countv. Pa., born Sepiember 3. 1801, and is a son of William antl Elizabeth (Epley)Best, natives of New York, farmers, born of German extraction ; the father died in 1863; the mother is a resident of War- ren Centre. They w^ere the parents of five children, of whom Jerome E., the fourth in the order of birth, was reared in Jackson Valley, Susquehanna Co., Pa., where he received his education, but was more at work than in the school books, and when old enough he was apprenticed and learned the blacksmith's trade, but in time he quit the anvil and commenced merchandising in South Warren, Avhich he has carried on very successfully, and now^ has the only store in that part of the county, keeping a general assortment suitable to the surrounding countr}^ trade, and a full and general assortment for all his custom. He was married in LeRaysville in 188-1, to Abbie Currier, daughter of David and Jane (Gamble) Currier, natives of this State, and of English and Irish descent. To Mr. and Mrs. Best were born two children : Maud and Lorena. Mr. Best is a Republican in politics, and is recognized as one of the eminently respectable citizens of Bradford county. JOHN A. BILES is a farmer and teacher, of Wyalusing township, P. O. Hornet's Ferry. The family from which this gentleman is descended has occupied a prominent position in the pioneer history of the State, as well as of Bradford county. The names first sprang into notice in 1678 or 1679, two brothers, William and Charles, coming from Dorchester, England, and settling in Bucks county. The elder brother, William, was an extensive land holder there, and occupied a prominent position in early Colonial times; he brought with him his wife and a family of seven children, and two servants, settling close to the falls of the Delaware. He purchased a large plantation from William Penn, also an island in the Delaware river, of the Indians, the deed being confirmed to him March 19, 1729. He was elected to the council of Philadelphia in the spring of 1682, and his name is also found among the signatures of the Great Charter, The first meeting of the Friends in that coupty was held May 2, 1683, at his house, whicli was con- structed of brick, imported from England. He died in 1710, and was succeeded by his son William. The family have occupied prominent positions in different sections of the State. Henry Biles was a native of Trenton, N. J., but while a young 634 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. man he immigrated to Smithfield township, Monroe Co., Pa., and then, in Ills old age, about the year 1812, removed to the vicinity of Pitts- burg where he died about 1820, aged about seventy years. He married Phebe Patterson, and had a family of seven children, viz.: John. Charles, AVilliam, Robert and Henry (twins), Alexander (grandfather of subject) and Benjamin. He was married (tiie second time) to Miss Broadhead, by whom he had two children, Polly and Betsey. Of the sons: John and Charles followed surveying; William became a lawyer ; Robert a farmer ; Henry was a cripple, and Alexander was a printer. Alexander, the grandfather, was born October 28, 1783, married Itoseanna Place, September 14, 1801, and died March 28, 1855 ; they had the following children : John, born January 2, 1802, married to Sallie Bramhall, February 13, 1825, and died February 6, 1880 ; Eleanor, born April 28, 1805, married to Jacob Strunk, January 17, 1823, and died May 22, 1878; Phebe, born February 27, 1807, married to Chandler'T. Baldwin, September 12, 1830, and died July 10, 1831; Samuel W., born January 19, 1809, married to Matilda Jane Ennis, February 13, 1834, died May 1, 1859; James A., born November 22, 1810, married to Lizzie YanNoy, March 8, 1836, died November 6, 1877; Charles, born October ll, 1812, married to Jane VanNoy, April 24, 1838, a resident of Wyalusing ; Polly, born April 27, 181-J, married September 12, 1833, to Chandler T. Baldwin, tiie husband of her deceased sister Phebe, died February 19, 1856; Jacob P. (father of subject), born January 29, 1816, married to Mary Bunnell, August 15, 183*9, died April 25, 1890 ; Rebecca, born Aprif 19, 1818, married to James Depew, February 5, 1844, died May 9, 1857 ; Elizabeth and Alexander (twins), born February 8, 1820, died in infancy ; George, born July 20, 1821, married to Almedia Camp, December 12, 1843, died April 16, 1869 ; Lewis, born June 19, 1823, married to Catherine VanNoy, January 29, 1850, resides in Wyalusing ; Betsey, born May 23, 1826, married to Calvin Camp, May 12, 1847, live at Camptown. Samuel W. Biles had eleven children, all of whom died in early life; two only^ were married and left children. Mrs. Rebecca Depew has no descendants in the county. George Biles had eleven children, all of whom are deceased except one, George, who lives in Meshoppen. Jacob P. Biles, father, of our subject, had the following childi-en : Helen M., born January 11, 1844, married to Allen Hover, May 15, 1873; James M., born Septem.ber 3, 1845, married to ISIillie Wilson, August 7, 1870 ; Aaron, born September 10, 1847, died October 11, 1862 ; Mary, born December 16, 1849, died November 7, 1862; Sarah, born Mav io, 1851, died Mav 7, 1853 ; Emily A., born May 14, 1853, died March 17, 1872; Anna'^E., born October 31, 1855, died March 15, 1870; John A. and Jacob M. (twins), born February 16, 1858 ; Jacob married to Ida ]\r. Quick, November 29, 1882, and is now a physician at Meshoppen. Jacob P. Biles, the father, was captain for three years, from Septeml)er 17, 1842 to 1845, in the Union Ligiit Infantry, Fourth Volunteer Battalion, Second Brigade, Ninth Division of J'ennsylvania Militia. John A. Biles married Sarah E. Kerrick, of Asylum, Octol)ei' 21,1884; Martin L., born November 28, 1860, died May 1, 1884; Elmore L., born August 17, 1863, died June 13, iSSS ; Albert S., born HISTORY OF BRADFOUD COUNTY . 635 July 25, 1866, died April 23, 1872. Mr. Biles is the lather of the foirowing children: Elmore II., born June 15, 1885; Frank V., born August 1, 1887, and Clarence E., born December 9, 1889. The fatlier of subject was an extensive land owner, and one of the best farmers of the county ; a Christian gentleman, and atone time was connected with the Methodist Episcopal Church, but severed his connection on account of some church quarrel, and never again united with any church. His farm was one of the neatest in the neighborhood, noted for fine farms. Although a man of limited education, he was a great reader, and kept thoroughly posted on all the leading questions ot the day. He resided on the old liomestead, now occupied by his son, from 1839 until his death, and reared a family of twelve children, eigiit of whom are dead, and four still living have become successful men and women. John A. Biles was born and reared on a farm, and educated in the common schools, at Keystone Academy, and at the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, having trraduated from the latter in 1889. He has followed '1 • 1 teaching part of the time during the past ten years ; is also a practical surveyor, and follows that, to a consitlerable extent ; is a farmer and owns about seventy acres of the old homestead, having always lived there, with the exception of from November, 18S7, to May, 1890. He is a member of the Baptist Church of Camptown, of the Patrons of Industry, and is a Republican, taking active part in politics, but seeking no political emoluments. CHARLES BILES, farmer, of Wyalusing township, P. O. Homet's Ferry. This gentleman, who is one of the pioneers of his section, was born in what is now Monroe (then Northampton) county, Pa., October 11, 1812, a son of Alexander P. and Rosanna (Place) Biles. His parents had a family of fifteen children, of whom three are now living, he beino- the eldest of the three: Lewis is a farmer, and Betsie married Calvin Camp, whom she survives, and now resides at Camptown. Our subject came to this county with his parents when twelve years old, and for a short period resided on Vaughn hill, on the farm now owned by S. S. Butts ; from there they removed to Frenchtown, and there remained four years; then for three or four years they made their home on the premises now owned by George Homet, at Homet's Ferry, and then removed to the farm where Lewis Biles now lives, where they passed the rest of their days. This section was a wilderness at that time, and amid such surroundings young Charles was reared, having but poor facilities for acquiring an educa- tion. Leaving home when about twenty-one years of age, he built a small house on a clearing, where his present residence now stands, and started for himself, spending the next ten years in clearing the land and fitting it for cultivation. He leased a sawmill, and for one year was engaged in sawing lumber and rafting the same down the Susque- hanna. After undergoing the usual hardships of the early pioneer, and perhaps far more than his share, he at last developed a farm of eighty- four acres, as fine as the county affords, and, having secured a comfort- able competence, retired from active business, and, under the care of his daughter Emma, is prepared to pass his declining years in comfort. He was united in marriage April 24, 1838, with Jane Van Noy, daugh- 636 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ter of Peter A'anNoy, of Sussex county, N. J., and this union was blest with six children, viz.: AdeUa, married to N. A. Fuller, Eliza- beth (deceased), Lindly (deceased), Peter A., Emma V., and Delphine, married to J, M. Irvine. His wife died in 1877, since which time his daughter Emma has cared for him. Mr. Biles has been a life-long Demo- crat, an earnest worker for his party, but never a place seeker; his life has been one of hard and continuous toil, starting in life with no resources but good health and an earnest desire to succeed, he has secured a comfortable home and a fortune ample for his needs. P. A. PILES, farmer and stock grower, of Wyalusing township, P. O. Homet's Ferry, was born on the farm where he now resides, June 12, 1850, a son of Charles Biles. He was born and reared on the farm and attended the common schools of the neighborhood until attaining his majority. Mr. Biles was married, Mai'ch 2»!, 1872, to Margaret, daughter of Andrew and Margaret (Bush) Wilson, of Wya- lusing township, and to them have been born three children, viz.: Lizzie, Charles and Scott. Politically Mr. Biles is a Democrat, and now fills the office of school director. He has always resided on the farm and been a successful business man. ALONZO A. BISHOP, Wysox, is a descendant of one of the pioneer families of this count}^ His father was Eiihu Bishop, a tanner, who settled in Wysox townshi]! in 1803, and established a tannery on his ))lace. The mother of our subject was Mary (Sweetlan) Bishop ; both parents were of Connecticut; they had a family of four children. The father returned to Troy, N. Y,, after a short residence, but soon went back to Wysox, where he died in 1857. Alonzo A., who is the youngest and only surviving member of their family, was born in Wysox township, this county, February 29, 1808. and attended school in the old frame church ; he operated a tannery and made shoes, and was thus engaged fifty-five years. He was noted for his integrity and honesty as a workman, and his products always found a ready sale at home, from those who knew him best. Mr. Bishop has farmed, for some years, a portion of his land, which he paid $102 per acre for, and tkiring the Civil War he was ofi'ered $200 for it, and refused the offer which was, i)ossibIy, all it was worth ; but the old homestead was not parted with, and here he has spent ovei" fifty yeai's of his long life. He has retired from active labor, and, in the gentle evening of his life, feels more and more attached to the dear old home. He was married in Wysox, one bright Sabbath day, in March, 1830, to Eveline B., daughter of Shepard and Sarah (Coolbaugh) Pierce, natives of Pennsylvania, of German and English descent, who came to Brad- ford county in 1806, and settled in Wysox, wiiere he took uj) four hundred acres of valuable land, and, for many years, was the most extensive farmer in this community. Mr. and Mrs. P)islio]) have spent many years of their lives in Wvsox, where they reared a family of seven children. Alfred S., the eldest, was born August 2G, 1831, and is now a resident of the '' Sunny South," where he was when the Civil War broke out; and if his father, who is a liepublican, could have seen the name of Alfred S. Bishop on the Confederate roll, he would iiave felt that his boy was lost. Tlie next, Frances M,, born January 23, 1833, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. G37 married Durius Williams, both deceased in 1880. Edwai'd II., horn September 18, 1835, is superintendent of the iiome i'arni, and is unmarried ; he attended the district school and Williams])ort College ; is active in local politics, and has held most of the offices in Wysox ; served as collector for twenty years in Wysox township, is a liepubli- can, a Mason, and a member of the Grange, and is well informed and a diligent reader. Elizabeth S., born May 14, 1837, is the wife of Jesse R. Smith, Mary, deceased, was born December 5, 1838, and became the wife of Robert Austin ; her death occurred in 1862. Joseph W. was born April 28, 1840, and is in the employment of the Lehigh Valley R. R. Co. Sliepard E., the youngest, was born August 21, 1846. Mrs. Bishop is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Bishop served twenty years as a member of the school board in Wysox; was a drummer and bugle major in the rifle company there many years. JOSEPH W. BISHOP, chief clerk, general office of the L. V. R. R., Sayre, is a native of Wysox township, this county, born April 28, 1840, and is a son of Alonzo and Evaline (Pierce) Bishop, the former from Connecticut and the latter born in Bradford county. The father was a mechanic, and operated a tannery in Wysox townshij), where the son grew to his majority and had the advantages of the public schools. lie was also a student in the Collegiate Institute, Towanda. In 1867 he was employed by the L. V. R. R. Company, and was with the corps of engineers in the construction thereof, and until it was built, when he became the Towanda station aaent. He was soon, however, ti-ansferred to the superintendent's office, Towanda. where he remained from 1871 to 1876, when the general offices of the com- pany were transferred to their present place, Sayre, and he came with them and continued in the same service. Joseph W. Bishop and Mary H. W^ells were joined in marriage at Meshoppen, Wyoming- county, in 1872. She is a daughter of Dr. Nathan and Mary (liorton) Wells, the former of whom was born in Orange county, N. Y., and died in July, 1886 ; the latter, a natiye of this county, survives. In their family there were three daughters and one son, Mrs. Bishop being next the youngest, born October 31, 1850. Mr. and Mrs. Jose])h W. Bishop have had children as follows : Louise W., Katherine W., Nathan Wells (deceased), and Howard Elmer. Mrs. Bishop is a mem- ber of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Bishop is a member of the K. of P. and of the Iron Hall, and is a member of the Democratic party. The family are widely known and highly respected. G. M. BIXBY (deceased) was, during life, one of W'yalusing's most successful and highly respected business men. He was born in Campbell, Steuben Co., N. Y., October 30, 1820, a son of Solomon and Lucy (French) Bixby, the former of whom was a native of Con- necticut, and by trade a shoemaker, died in Steuben county, N. Y., May 7, 1843. His faniih^ comprised six children, of whom G. M. is the only one that ever lived in Bradford county. The father, after the death of his first wife, married a second time, and G. M. Bixby then went to live with his uncle, a hardware merchant of Rochester, N. Y.; he was educated in the public schools of that city, and, after finishing his schooling, became a clerk in his uncle's store, where he remained a 03S HISTORY OF BRADFOKD COUNTY. few yeai's, and then entered the hardware business for himself, in liochester, N. Y., wliere he remained until 1853, when lie sold, and removed to Wyalusing, and conducted a general store and lumber business for (J, F. Welles. After a few years ho embarked in business for himself here, conducting a general store, and dealing extensively in lumber; then, in January, 187«), he opened the first and only bank at Wyalusing, conducting the same until his death, July 26, 1880. lie had acquired extensive real estate interests in Wyalusing and adjoin- ing townships, as well as several valuable pieces of property in the borough. Starting in life a poor boy, without aid he accumulated a fortune, being eminently successful, and was renowned for his exact- ness and scrupulous honesty. Socially, he was loved and honored by all. Mr. Bixby was a member of the Presbvterian Church, and an earnest worker, was Sunday-school superintendent many years, and was always a liberal contributor to all benevolent or religious enter- prises, iriis death left a void that was difficult to till. He was united in marriage, September 15. 1874, with Clara Dunklee. and to them were born two children : Robert M., born March 14, 1876 — a student at Miller's School of Commerce, Elmira; and Bradford H., born October 14, 1879. After her husband's death, Mrs. Bixby assumed the management of his large estate, which she has conducted with consummate skill and judgment; she is a member of and an earnest worker in the Baptist Church of Wyalusing. IIAUKISOiS' BLACK, farmer and stock grower, of Wyalusing township, P. O. AYyalusing, was born in Wyalusing township, this county, December 4,*^ 1825, a son of John H. and Hannah (Ackley) Black. John H. Black was born, of Irish parentage, in Wyalusing township, December 28, 1796, and passed his entire life in the town- ship where he was a farmer and mill owner, clearing a large amount of land and fitting it for cultivation. He died April 2. 1878; his wife had died in May, the previous year; of their family of six children tlii-ee only survive, viz., ilai-rison, N. A. and Nanc\' P., wife of John I. Ingham, architect, of Elmira. Harrison Black attended school at Merryall, and had but limited educational advantages; his boyhood was passed in the woods and in the mills of his father, and when twenty-three years of age he started out for hijnself as a farmer, which occupation he has followed until tlie present time. In 1846 lie pur- chased a farm containing one huiuh-eil and twenty-five acres, which he has since added to until he now owns one hundred and ninety acres of land, a large portion of it being covered with tine timber. He does a general farm business; his farm is beautifully located and well imjiroved, and stocked with Ilolstein and Jersey cattle, and horses, lie was married March 28, 1849, to Henrietta M. Gregory, and the}"- have a family of three sons: C. II., a farmer of Wyalusing, who mar- ried Carrie Spencer; G. L., educated at the Wyoming Seminary and now a surveyor and mine superintendent of Wyoming, and John G., a railrond engineer of Rock Springs, Wyoming. Mr. Black has had to depend largely on his own resources, and has long tilled a foremost ])lace in the ranks of Bradford county's most successful farmers. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. G39 fills the position of trustee; he is a charter member of Wvalusino- J.odge No. 508; of the I. O. O. ¥. at Camptown, has taken all subor- dinate degrees, and has passed all the chairs; in politics he is a Demo- crat, and he has filled all the various town offices, being- at present town commissioner. JOHN BLACK, retired farmer, of Pike township, P. O. LePays- ville, was born in Yorkshire, England, December 11, 1813, a son of William and Ann (Spencer) Black, woollen manufacturers. The fam- ily came to America in 1819, and on account of the English law forbid- ding mechanics to immigrate to America, the father j)assed himself as a gardener; lie worked at his trade successivel}^ in Kingston, Muncy (then called Pennsborough) and Monroeton. In 1830 he purchased the farm on which John now lives, and built what is known as the Haigh Woolen Mill, which he sold to Joseph Ilaigh and L. L. Stuart in 1846 ; afterw^ard he went to ('arroll county, 111., where he and his wife died in 1870. John Black attended the district school in Pike township, also the LeKaysville borough school, and at the age of twenty-five beo-an life for himself by going on a farm one mile east, and' in 1857 he bouglit of his father the homestead where he now lives. Besides attending to his farm he has dealt in real estate m Bradford countv, but chiefly in the West. In 1838 he married his first wife, Harriet, daughter of Dr. Lemuel C. and Lucy Belding, natives of Vermont ; she died in 1847, and in 1848 he married Elizabeth, daughter of Uri and Phoebe (Barber) Cook. They have two children : Harriet E., born May 28, 1849, married to Paul C. Stern, an importer of tovs and fancy goods in New York City, and Phoebe A., born September 10, 1853, married to George W. Buck, a real estate agent in Duluth. Minn. In his religious views Mr. Black is a Swedenborgian, and in politics he is a Republican. Mrs. Black is a member of the Congrega- tional Church at Potterville. JOHN H. BLACK, farmer, of Tuscarora township, P. O. Spring Hill, was born on his present home March 20, 1842, and was educated in the common schools and at the Academy at AVyalusing, Pa. He is a son of Davis Diminock and Lois (Marsh) Black, of New England origin, the former of whom was born in Wyalusing township, this county, March 22, 1808 ; came to Spring Hill in 1830, purchased 106 acres of land (now owned by his son John H.), and died June 17, 1878, highly regarded by all who knew him. He was a man of strict business integrity, and a true patriot. He was a son of Joseph Black, who was born in Colchester. Conn., June 24, 1762. and married Alice Wells, whose father was a victim of the Wyoming massacre. Joseph Black settled in Wyalusing in 1807, purchased over six hundred acres of land for $37, and at one time owned the only gristmill between Athens and Wilkes-Barre; he also owned one of the first sawmills in Wyalusing. John H. Black enlisted at Canton, March 30, 1864, in Com])any G, Second Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Heavy Artillery, and was in the following battles : Wilderness, S])ottsylvania, North Ann River, Cold Harbor, Petersburg and several minor engagements, during which his regiment lost over eight hundred men. On July 12, 1864, he was 640 HISTOFiY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. taken sick and tsent to (Jity Point Hospital, from there to Mount Pleasant Flospital, Washington, D. (;.; after a time his health had so far improved that he was detailed to do li<^ht duty about the hospital, and for six months he had charge of the deail house at Mount Pleasant. Pie was discharged August 3, 1865, and returned to Spring Hill, where he has since been engaged in business, when his health would permit. On July 4, 1866, Mr. Black was married to Sarah A. Bolles, by whom he had two children : George Melville, born July 7, 1867, died July 1, 1875, and Sarah Blennie, born February 3, 1874. This wife dying- February 11, 1874, Mr. Black then married Marietta R., daughter of John F. and Malissa (Elliott) Dodge, of Terry town. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Spring Hill, and in politics he is a Eepublican, and a strong advocate of Prohibition. He has been general agent for the Farmers' Mutual Fire Insurance Company thirteen years, and it may be truly said of him that he is a gentleman of high stand- ing in the community where he lives, and an earnest supporter of good government and all honest enterprises. N. A. BLACK, retired merchant, AVyalusing, was born on the old Black Homestead at Merryall, this couftty, December 5, 1835, a son of John H. Black, a native of Exeter, Luzerne count3% and Hannah (Ackley) Black, of Bradford count\^ His father was a farmer who passed his life on the old homestead, and had the following children : Harrison, of "Wyalusing ; George, deceased ; Benjamin, deceased ; Nanc}^ married to J. Q. Ingham, of Elmira, and N. A. Our subject was born and reared on a farm, educated in the public schools of W\'alusing, and upon reaching his majority engaged in farming, residing on the old homestead until 1885, when he removed to Hazelton, and for two years was proprietor and operator of a hat factory there ; then embarked in mercantile ])ursuits, and conducted a produce store until the spring of 1891, when he sold his interests and returned to AVyalusing, purcliasing pi'operty of L. D. Little, which he imj)roved and made into as comfortal)le and elegant a home as the borougii contains. He enlisted in the service of his country, October 15, 1862, in Company D, One Hundred and Sev- enty-first Regiment, P. V. I., and was discharged August 15, 1863, by expiration of term of service. He served on detached duty, and so escaped the hard battles, but was engaged in several severe skirm- ishes during his service, losing his healtli,and is now, in the prime of life, unable to engage in any active occupation. He was united in marriage, June 3, 1861, with Lizzie Billings, daughter of Samuel Billings, of Wyalusing, who was married twice, first to Elizabeth Stork, and Mrs. Black is a child by this marriage. The family wor- ship at the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which Mrs. Black is an active member. Mr. Black is a member of Franklin Lodge, No. 263, F. ct A. JNL, and has taken the degree of Master Mason ; he is identi- fied with the Democratic ])arty,yet takes but small interest in ])olitics. GE0R(4E W. BLACK max" was born in Sheshe(iuin, this county, February 10, 1831, a son of Franklin and Sybil (Beardsley) Blackman. The father was born in Wilkes-P>arre, Luzerne Co., Pa., and came to Sheshe([uin with his father, Ichabod BlacUman, when three years old, settling at tiie place known as Blackman's Ferry, opposite the mouth HISTORY OF BUADFOKD COUNTY. 641 of Sugar creek. Six years after the settlement the father of Franklin Blackman was drowned near the mouth of Sugar creek. The sons anil tlaughter of Frankhn were ten in number, the subject of this sketch being the youngest. He received a common-school educa- tion, and at the age of nineteen commenced teaching; his first school was taught at Franklindale, and the first pupil that inter- viewed him was Thomas Evan, wlio afterward became famous as member of Congress from Kansas, and is at this writing Minister to Mexico. He followed teaching for several winters, until 1856, when he married Ada M. Kinney, daughter of Guy Kinney, Esq., and to this union was born one son, Harry L., now of Streator, 111. Mrs. Blackman died in F^ebruiiry, 1860, and he married Miss Margaret E. Ilillis, daugh- ter of Richard Hillis, of Herrick. He held many places of trust in his native town, having been twice elected justice of the peace, three times assessor, and nine years school director, and during the full term of nine years was secretary of the school board ; daring iiis term of office ten new school-houses were erected. In 1873 he was electetl district dep- uty grand master of the I. O. O. F., and was re-elected for live suc- cessive years. When he took charge of the office there were eleven Lodges in the county, with a membership of eleven hundred ; at the close of his terms, 1878, there were twenty-seven lodges, with a membership of twenty-four hundred. In 1878 he was nominated and elected pro- thonotary, and moved to Towanda, taking charge of the office January 6, 1870; he was renominated in 1881 witliout opposition, and elected by an increased majority. Xotwithstanding the difficult positions he had held in his native town, but fifty-five votes were cast against him. of a total vote of nearly four hundred. In 1886, by a vacancy in the office of assessor, the county commissioners appointed'him to fill'the vacancv, and has held the office since by election, without opposition (borough of Towanda). He has held the responsible position of treasurer of the Bradford County Agricultural Society for the past five years, and also the first and present treasurer of the Towanda Electric Illuminating Company. He is now following his favorite occupation, that of farm- ing, having purchased the valuable home of M. Ward, in the borough of Towanda; he also owns the old homestead in his native touni, Sheshequin. JOHN BLACK WELL, farmer, P. (). West Burlington, was born April 5, 1828, in Lycoming county. Pa., a son of John and Sarah W. Blackwell, both of whom were born in England and removed to America with their parents when children, settling in the English colony on Pine creek, where our subject was born. The grandfather and father were farmers and lumbermen. In 1826 these families removed to Bradford county and located in the wilderness in AVest Burlington township, being among the first settlers, and experienced all the privations of pioneer life. John and Sarah Blackwell's family consisted of six children, of whom our subject is the fifth. The father was a man of influence in his time, holding public positions until the time of liis death, which occurred when he was aged seventv-foui- years. The subject of these lines was reared on the farm, has alwavs been a very industrious and persevering man, and has accumulated a 643 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUMTY. tine property, being now the owner of a farm of one hundred and seventy-five acres, where he has a fine dairy, and raises sheep and cattle quite extensively. He was married April Y, 1847, to Lucy Phelps, of West Burlington, by whom he has had six children, as follows: x\lfred C, a merchant, married to Emma Rockwell; Delos, a farmer, married to Maryette Mosier ; Willis, of Elmira, N. Y., married to Jennie Farnsworth ; George, of Syracuse, N. Y., a salesman, married to Etta Pruyne ; Helen, wife of Dix Ballard, and Isadore, wife of Delos Rockwell. Mr, Blackwell is a staunch Republican as was his father, holds the position of assessor, and has occupied several offices of public trust. He is one of the substantial and honored citizens of the town. THOMAS BLACKWELL, farmer, P. O. Troy, was born January !♦), 1816, on Pine creek, near Jersey Shore, Lycoming Co., Pa., and is a son of John and Sarah J. (Wells) Blackwell, and grandson of Thomas Blackwell, all natives of England. His parents settled on Pine creek in pioneer days, first engaged in farming, and for some time kept hotel at Roaring Branch. In 1828 they settled in Burlington town- ship, this county, where the father purchased a farm, and kept adding to it until he had accumulated nearly 500 acres, cleared and improved a large part of it, and died there in 1863, in his seventy-fifth year. His children were: Mary A. (deceased). Thomas, Phebe (JMrs. Abram Moore (deceased), Sarah (Mrs. James McKean), John and Enoch. (Jf these, Thomas and John own most of the old homestead. Thomas Blackwell lived on the old homestead nearly sixty years, but in 1887 he removed to Troy, where he still resides. In 1841 Mr. Blackwell married Jane, daughter of Hon. Samuel and Julia (McDowell) JNIcKean. of Burlington township, and by her he has had four children : Julia (Mrs. EdAvard Iloilon), Sarah (Mrs. Lou Bodien), Ruth and John T. For his second wife he married Irene, daughter of Beull and Samantha (Wilson) Smith, of Canton township, and he has had by her two children : Dr. Clarence H. and Clara (Mrs. George D. Leonard). Mr. Blackwell is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; politically he is a Republican. A. STRYKER BLAIR, physician and surgeon, Ulster, is a native of Conesville, Schoharie Co., N. Y., born November 20, 1857. a son of Alfred and Charlotte (Allen) Blair, of Scotch descent. His maternal grandfather, John McKenzie, came to this country from Scotland in early Colonial times, but after remaining here a short time returned to Scotland, and upon completing his business there, started to return to this country and was slii])wi'ecked in mid-ocean. Many years passed and his family mourned him as dead : in the meantime his wife liad formed an attachment witii another man. ami her marriage with him was al)out to be consummated, everything was pre|)arcd, and the guests invited, when, the night previous to the day set for the marriage, the long-lost husband returned, bringing with him joy, but sorrow to the expectant bridogroom. The family came from New York to Susque- hanna county, Pa., and lived there three years, then removed to Tioga county. N. Y., where he still lives. Stryker received his early educa- tion in the country scliools, but his parents tinding that the oppor- tunities were not sufficient, sent him to a select school at Newark HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUMTY. fi43 Valley, where he remained several years, lie studied medicine and received his medical education at the University Medical College, New York City, graduating in March, 1882, and began the practice of his profession in Susquehanna county, but afterward moved to Ithaca, and from there to Ulster in ISS'S. As a physician, he has been eminently successful, and while a comparatively 3^oung man, has built up a practice of large })roportions. On Sejitember 5, 1882, he was united in marriage with Lila E. Japhet, daughter of Milo G. and Martha Japhet, the latter of whom is a direct descendant of Gen. Green, of Revolutionary fame. The fruits of this marriage are two children, viz.: L. Blanche and Cecil DeYere. In his early life Mr. Blair identified himself with the Presbyterian Church, and has been an active church worker since, and of which he is an Elder. Mrs. Blair belongs to the same church. In his political views our subject was raisetl a Democrat, and for awhile voted that ticket, but he has now identified himself with the Prohibition party, of which he is a zealous advocate. CHARLES D. BLAUVELT, farmer, of Monroe townshi)), P. O. Liberty Corners, was born April 20, 1862, on the farm where he now resides, and is the only son of James and Eliza (Ennis) Blauvelt, the former a native of Herkimer county, N. Y., and of German origin, the latter a native of Asylum, Bradford Co., Pa., and of Scotch lineage. The father of our subject was born August 11, 1820, and died December 14, 1888; the mother was born July 14, 1827, and is still living with iiim on the old homestead. Charles D. Blauvelt spent his boyhood on the farm, and attended the common school, he completed his education at the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, and has always been engaged in farming on the old homestead. Mr. Blauvelt is a Republican in politics, a man of much public spirit and a supporter of every worthy enterprise for the benefit of the communitv. LISTON BLISS, of Bliss, Willour cV: Price, a well-known business firm of Troy, was born in LeRoy township, this county, November 30, 1846, and is a son of Dr. Chester T. and Nancy (Bostwick) Bliss. His paternal grandfather, Zenos Bliss, a native of Connecticut, settled in LeRoy township in 1841, where he engaged in farming and died. The father of our subject, who was the youngest in a familv of eight chil- dren, was a graduate of a Philadelphia Medical College, and for upward of twenty -five years was in the active practice of his profes- sion in LeRoy; he removed to Rochester. N. Y., in 1878, and there died in 1883 ; his children were four in number, viz.: Sarah H. (Mrs. A. S. Hamilton), Theodore E. (an M. D.), Mary I., and Liston. who was reared in LeRoy township, was educated in the common schools and at Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, Tow^anda. He began life as a clerk in a store at Athens. Pa , in December, 18<)5, and followed that occupation there until 1866, and in Trov from 1866 to 1880. He then became a member of the firm of Bliss,' Willour & Co., which contin- ued up to 1889, when the style was changed to Bliss, Willour cV Price. Mr. Bliss was mari-ied twice, his first wife being Aimee Merrick, of Gaines, Tioga Co., Pa., and his second wife Mrs. H. Brunette Pome- roy, of Troy. Mr. Bliss was a member of Company C, Thirtieth 644 HISTORY OF HKADF01U) COUNTY. Pennsylvania Militia, during the Civil War, served six weeks and was honorably discharged in 1S03. lie is a member of the Presbvterian Church, and of the G. A. li.; he is a Sir Knight Templar. In politics he is a JRepublican, and has been burgess and councilman of Tro}" one term. J. F. BLOCKER, a farmer and produce dealer, Spring Hill, was born in New Preston, Conn., March 12, 1840. Of the Blocher famih'^ we glean the following: The great-grandfather of our subject, John Fredrick Blocher, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, March 23, 1731, and married his first wife, Anna Dower, October 14, 1755, and after her death he married Salome Strobal. By the first marriage he had four children, and by the second, five. The grandfather, John Jacob Blocher, was the second child by the second marriage, was born in Germany, August 14, 1770; married, in 1798, Agnes Dannacker, and their family consisted of six children, Martin, the father of our sub- ject, was the second of these children, was born in Germany, May 23, 1801, and died in Ilerrick township, this county, December 28, 1881; in 1832 he was united in marriage with Anna Mai'v Sulzla, who was born in Germany, January 13, 1809, and died in Herrick township, June 11, 1870. They emigrated to America in 1837, and after a four 3'ear"s sojourn in Connecticut removed, in 1841, to Herrick: they had a family of children as follows: Agnes, born in Germany. May 15, 1834, married Charles Sumner, a prominent farmer of AA^yalusing township, this county; William G., born on the ocean, June 14, 1837. enlisted in Company A. One Hundred and Forty -first P. A'. 1., August 27, 1862, and died in Cliffburn Hospital, Washington, October 25, 1862; Jacob Frederick; Mary L., born in Herrick township, this county. June 3, 1842. and married Martin Keeney, a farmer of Lacey- ville. Pa.: Henry M.. born in Herrick township, ]S"6vember 7, 1846. a prominent farmer of that township, and a partner in the firm of Fuller & Blocher, owners and proprietors of theCamptown creamery ; George T., born in Herrick, May 23, 1850, a farmer residing on the old homestead in that township. Our subject was born and reared on a farm, and educated in the common schools, Camptown Academy and Wyoming Seminary. When about eighteen years of age he l)egaii teaching, and taught every winter for about ten years, in Bradford and Luzerne counties; also had charge of a graded S(;hool neai' Lanark, 111. In 1857 he began working at the carpenters trade during the suir.mer, teaching in the winter; in 1864 he removed to Illinois, whei-e he taught school and worked at his trade. In 18(55-66 he attended East- man's Business College, Chicago; then worked at his trade in Chicago one year. In the spring of 1869 he returned to Bradfoid county, and embarked in mercantile business at AVyalusing under the fii-m name of Ackley, Lloyd A: IJlocher, conducting a general store in the Ijuild- ing now occupied by O. I^. Dyei'; this lii'm continued until 1878, when they sold to Gaylord, Sumner A: Co. He then entered the produce business in Wyalusing, continuing in sam^ until 1888, when the death of his wife's father called him to the farm where he now resides, and since which time has combined fai'ming and dealing in jtroduce. es})ecially w<^ol and buckwheat fiour. He has a beautiful farm of HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 645 two hundred acres, with a fine dwelling house, barns and all necessary building-s, his place, together with the improvements, having no supe- rior in the county. Mr. Blocher was uniteil in marriage, September 5. 1807, with Lucretia A , daughter and only surviving child of Ferris and Emaline (Camp) Ackley, which union has been blessed with five children, as follows: Carrie E., born February 18, 1871; Leona A., born April 18, 1874; Ackley E., born December 20, 1879 ; Eoy L. V., born September 2, 1881, and Martin F., born April 15, 1886. The family are members of the Spring Hill Methodist Episcopal Church, of which Mr. Blocher is steward and recording secretary. He has for many years given considerable attention to music, and for about twelve years past has been president of the " Mutual Musical Alli- ance," a prominent and flourishing musical society of eastern Bradford and part of Susquehanna and Wyoming counties. In politics he is a Republican, and has filled various town offices; is now assessor, which position he has held for the past three years. Mr. Blocher has long been prominent among the business men of this section, and has a host of friends, and the highest respect of all who know him. CARPENTER J. BLOOM, of Lamkin Bros. & Bloom, prominent dealers in general merchandise, Troy, was born in Canton township, this county, November 10, 1858, and is a son of J. Albert and Mary A. (Hoagland) Bloom. His paternal grandfather, Elisha Bloom, was "a native of Germany and a pioneer of Canton township, where he cleared and improved a farm, and resided until his death ; liis children were : George, J. Albert, Ann (Mrs. Oakley Lewis), Dolly (Mrs. Charles Hoagland), Dameras (Mrs. George Merchant), and Betsey (Mrs. Isaac Hoagland). Of these J. Albert succeeded to the home- stead, a part of which he now occupies ; his first wife was a daughter of Anthony Hoagland, of English birth, a pioneer of Sullivan county, Pa., and by her he had four children : Rose (deceased), Carpenter J., Dora and Etta. By his second wife, Mary (Holcomb) Lewis, Mr. Bloom had three children: Alice, EHsha and Nellie. Our subject was reared in Canton township, and was educated in the public schools of Troy. He began life as a teacher in common and graded schools, and in 1882 located in Troy, where for five years he was a clerk in the same general store he'has now an interest in. In 1889 he became a member of the firm of Lamkin & Bloom, since when it has been Lamkin Bros. & Bloom. Mr. Bloom was married August 22, 188tl-, to Emma, daughter of Austin Mitchell, of Troy, and has one child. Earl M. Mr. Bloom is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and of the I. O. O. F. Politically he is a Republican. JOHN J. BOHLAIER, farmer, P. O. Troy, was born in Wurtem- berg, Germany, July 25, 1834, son of John J.' and Christianna (Mein- holt) Bohlaier. He was reared and educated in his native ccmntry, and in 1851 came to America. He stopped one year in Brooklyn, i\. Y., and in 1855 came to Litchfield, this county, where he worked as a laborer, and also in Granville. In 1857 he purchased a farm in Gran- ville township, a part of which he cleared ; and in the latter part of the " sixties" he removed to Troy, where he erected a couple of dwell- ing houses and resided four years, a part of which time he was street 36 046 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUXTY. commissioner of that borough. He purchased the farm he now occu- ])ies, clearing and improving it, erecting all tlie buildings on it, and has since added to his possessions until he has now accumulated nearly six hundred acres. Mr. Bohlaier married, in Ls5S, Elsie A., daughter of -John and Polly McClelland, of Columbia township. Mr. Bohlaier, in addition to farming, for a number of years operated a large sawmill, giving employment to from six to fifteen men annually. He is a sub- stantial and successful farmer, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics is a Republican. PATRICK POLAND, a prominent farmer, of Warren township, P. O. (^adis, is a native of County Clare, Ireland, and was born in ISO", a son of Patrick and Hannah (Maloney) Poland, natives of the same place, where they spent their lives, the father dying in 183(3, and the mother in 1840; they had ten children — seven daughters and three sons — two of the sons coming to this country, Patrick and Michael, latter of whom died February 8, 1891, leaving a widow and two sons. Patrick Poland came to America in 185f), direct to Warren township. He had been reared on a farm in Ireland, and became a successful landowner and farmer in this county ; lie has one hundred and ten acres, an excellent farm, finely improved and kept in an excellent state of cultivation. He was married in his native place, in 1841, to Mary Vaughan, daughter of Michael and Winnie (Dugan) Vaughan, the former of whom died in his native place in 1848, and the latter in 1852; they had seven children — six daughters and a son — of whom Mary was the eldest, born in 1819. To ^Ir. and Mrs. Patrick Poland have been boi-n eight children, as follows: Kora, Mi's. p]dward Moran, of Susquehanna county ; iVIary, who died August 24, 1888, aged forty years; Patrick II., a farmer in Warren, married to Nellie Flaherty, and has six children; Pridget, who died February 9,1863, aged twelve years; Winnie, a resident of Ping- hamton, N. Y.; John J., a farmer in Wai'ren, mari-ied to Delia Flaherty, they have two children; Catherine (Mrs. Michael Fhinagan). of Pinghamton, has two children ; Daniel F., at home, who manages the farm. The famil\' are (Jathoiics. and tin? vcnei'aljle father is a Democrat in politics. O. M. BONNEY, farmer, of Franklin township, P. O. Franklin- dale, was born at Eaton, Madison Co., N. Y., April 22, 1838, a son of Orrin and Irene (Warroi) Ponney, both of whom were born in Eaton, N. Y. OiM'in was the son of Levi Honney, a native of New Fjigland, and one of the first settlers in Eaton, and who was the faliier of twelve children — seven sons and five daughters. Orrin Ponney always lived in Eaton on jiart of the old homestead; he was the father of six children — five sons and one daughter — all of whom grew to maturity, four now living. Orrin lionney was one of the first Aboli- tionists in Eaton ; three of liis sons served their country's cause in the(Jivil War. Our subject, v.'lio is the fourth in tin; family, was reartMl and educated in Faton at the common scliooi, and always confined himself to fai-ming. at whicrli he succeeded. (Jn Dec(Mnl)er 24, lSr>l), he married, at Franklin, Miss Emma, daughter of John and Martha, (Holcomb) McKee. He returned to Eaton after his marriage, and HISTORY OF BRADFORD OOUNTY. 647 in 1868 removed to Franklin where he worked two farms; then moved to Jjarclay where his family remained until his return from the army in 1865. He enlisted in 1864 in Company B, Two Hundred and Seventh P. V. I, in which he served until the end of the war; after his discharge he settled in Canton township, on what is known as Beach Flats, and remained until 1877, when he removed to Franklin where he now lives on a farm of 100 acres of fertile land, adapted to grain and stock-raising ; he makes a specialty of dairying. Mr. Bonney has one son, C. G., and an adopted daughter, Nellie; C. G. married Miss Mercy Gamble ; Nellie married Charles Fairbanks. Mr. Bonney is a member of the Grange, and is highlv respected by his neighbors. JOHN, ARTHUR and ZECHARIAH BOSTWICK were brothers who came from Cheshire, England, about 1668, and located at Strat- ford, Conn. In 1707 Jolm removed to New Milford, being the second settler in that town. The Bostwicks held offices of trust and import- ance in their town and county, and their names are still held in high respect on the town records as well as in the memory of their descend- ants. Dimon Bostwick, who holds a prominent place among the early settlers of Bradford county, was the eldest of four sons of David, the great-grandson of John. He was born in New Milford, where he was r-eared and educated ; was an admirable surveyor and draughtsman, and was versed in mathematics, general literature, history and theologv. In the year 1792 he left his home to seek his fortune amid the wilds of Pennsylvania, and coming up the Susquehanna, as far as Bradford county, pitched his tent upon Wyalusing creek; he very soon went off as surveyor in an exploring party, one of the Pompellys. of Owego, being of the number. It is said they moved in the direction of the ^' Lake country" in Central New York, but the exact course and extent is not precisely known, as Mr. Bostwick's note-book, containing much valuable information and notes of survey, was lost; tradition savs. however, that the men staid out on this expedition so many days that their provisions gave out, and that one of the men died of privation and hunger, while the others subsisted for days on boiled nettles with- out salt. Mr. Bostwick seems to have had some idea of settling where Owego now is, but abandoned the idea and followed the Susquehanna back to Wyalusing creek, then as far up the creek as what is now Pike township, and built a log house in the wilderness. Most of his time must liave been spent in surveying the new coun- try, as among the papers which have been found recently in the ])ossession of the Bostwick heirs are nuips of surveys, yellow with age. and in some instances worn and partly defaced; one 'map seems to be of what are now the counties of Luzerne, Bradford and Susquehanna; beginning at the Wyalusing creek, it contains 16,000 acres of land, and is in Dimon Bostwick's own handwriting, bearing date 1796, and is inscribed upon the back : " This survey encroaches ui)on no survey or town heretofore granted." The most ancient looking deed, or grant of land, among these old- time relics, is a certificate from- the Susquehanna Com pan v to Dimon P>ostwick, P'lihu Curtis, and the heirs of John Moss, granting them "title and right to Three Thousand Five Hundred Acres of Land, in (548 HISTORY OF BKADFORI) COUNTY. said Company's Purchase, which is located agreeable to the rules of said Company in a Township known by the name of Millsberry. Dimon Bostwick is entitled to Two Thousand, One Hundred Acres of Land, &c." It bears date November 28, 1796, Athens, signed by David Paine, clerk, witnessed by Lib. E. Page. In the same year (1796) Dimon Bostwick returned to New Milford anil married Lois, daughter of David Olmstead, of that place, and a lady of gentle disposition, possessed of much beauty of person and energy of character. Tliey came from Connecticut with an ox team to the Great Bend, and from that place down the river to the mouth of the AVyalusing, and up the creek in a canoe. This worthy couple commenced life within the humble walls of their log house, which stood on the banks of the creek, on what are now the flats belonging to the Bostwick homestead. Benajah Bostwick married Marv, sister of Lois Olmstead, and after several years followed his brother Dimon to the settlement in Pike. He was a man of genial, jovial disposition, and, like his brother, of sterling integrity, and a strong Episcopalian. The brotliers worked on peacefully together, Dimon after a time dividing the land, which he had purchased of the Susquehanna Com- l)any, with his brother. Nothing seems to have daunted the energy, industry and courage of these lion-hearted men who cleared our forests, and formed the township of Pike. Soon after there was a gristmill built, which was a great comfort and help, for Dimon Bostwick and others had carried grain on their shoulders sixty miles to get it ground, walking on a footpath, and wading the Wyalusing creek several times. In 1802, Dimon Bostwick built a sawmill, and sawed out lumber and built himself a house, comfortable and nice for those times, and moved into it in 1805. This homestead was only rebuilt in 1874 by his son Penett. There were born to Dimon and Lois Bostwick nine children: Almira (Mrs. Canfield Stone), Eliza (wife of Ilev. Samuel Marks), Julia, Randolph, Penett Marsliall, A'alvasa, Esther, Hannah and Sarah (wife of Rev. George P. Hopkins). Lois Olmstead Bostwick died in her eighty-first year, beloved and reverenced by iier children. In 1815, the assessment roll of Pike township, in the handwriting of Dimon Bostwick, contains the honored names of Bosworth, Bost- wick, Bradshaw, Brink, I'enham, Stevens, Hancock, Ross, Keeler, Ingham, and many others, including one ))hysician. Dr. Beuben Baker, and one merchant, Salmon liosworth. The average amount of personal property owned at this time by each num seems to have been one horse, one house, and two cows, in most cases also an ox team. Tradition tells us that these men were all fine-looking in face and figure, and also that there was a public library in this same town of Pike, in this far-off time. It was called the ''Friendship Library," and in the two leaves, yellow with age, which only are left to tell us what they said and Avhat they read, by the old fii'e places, with the tallow candle's light, there are " The Bye Laws of ye Eriendly Library." There was a board of dii-ectors, who met once a week, and were ordered " to attend to each Libraiy Day when the books Avere given out and returned." The Bye-Laws are too long to copy here. The list of books included classics, history, military tactics, philosophy, religion. lirs'l'ORY OF HK.VDFOHJJ COl'NIY. (iiO with here and there a book of poems, or work of romance. One l)oolv therein contained must have been very ancient; it is called the "Tlii-ee AVoe Trumpets." In 1814, tlie Parish of St. Mathew's Churcli was organized, and the names of the men, mentioned on the old asssess- ment roll, appear on the church chartei'. We quote the following from Dr. Edward Crandall, a neighbor of Mr. Bostwick and a prominent citizen of Pike township: " Dimon Bostwick died at his residence in Pike township, ]>ra(lford Co., Thurs- day morning, December 3, 1856, in the eighty-eighth year of his age. The subject of the above demands more than a passing notice at our hands, he being one of the last links connecting the history of the first settlement upon the Wyalusing creek. In the year 1792 he left his fathers house in New Milford, Conn., to seek for himself in the wilds of the Susquehanna Company's purchase of the State of Connecticut ; and having purchased two shares of land and located them, commenced to hew out of the dense unbroken forest a home; with a strong arm and determined will did he encounter the difficulties which surrounded him, and he faltered not until he had obtained what, to the pioneer, was a comfortable home. When the controvers}^ between the Pennsylvania claimants and the Connecticut settlers approached his possessions, there was aroused in him the lion of his nature, and he waged unrelenting opposition to the fraudulent claims of the land speculators. It, how- ever, embittered at least fort\' years of his life, and not until the last three years was the title and dispute fully ended. Warm and ardent in his attachments to his friends and family, he lived out a long life of faithful and devoted usefulness to the community and society in the place where he resided for the last sixty-four years ; the unbending integrity of his character would never jneld to speculation of any kind, consequently he abided at home in the midst of his family, and ate only of the products of continued industry and persevering toil. In 1814 he associated himself with others in the organization of St. Mathew's Church, and continued a leading member, unwavering in his faith, a notable examjile of steady adherence and abiding confidence in the doctrine and creed of the Protestant Episcopal Church until the hour of his death." Mr. Bostwick bequeathed his estate to the two children who remained at the homestead, Penett Marshall and Yalvasa. The former rebuilt the old home in 1874; he was unmarried and lived at his birth-place until his death, which occurred April 25, 1891, in the eightN'-sixth year of his age. His two sisters now own the Bostwick homestead, Valvasa, and Sarah, wife of Rev. Geo. P. Hopkins, who was born in Philadelphia and is the youngest son of John Hopkins, of that cit}^ formerly of Dublin, Ireland. John Hopkins was the great grandson of Isaac Hopkins, of Coventry, England, who married a daughter of one of the Miss Gunnings of historic beauty. His wife, who was the mother of Rev. George Hopkins, was Catherine Davenport, the daughter of Edmund Davenport, an eminent lawyer of Dublin, Ireland, and of Huguenot descent upon her mother's side. She was a lady of marked Christian life and character, and high culture. Pev. George P. Hopkins now resides at the Bostwick homestead with his 650 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUXTY. wife, and two daughters, Julia Eliza and Essy. He is at present in charge of the parish of old St. Mathews in the township of Pike. AVILLIAM BUST WICK, farmer, of Wysox township, P. O. A\^ysox, was born in Susquehanna county. Pa., April 1, 1840, a son of Madison and Amanda (Griltis) Bostwick, natives of Connecticut and Pennsyl- vania, respectively. In his father's family there were five children, of whom he is the third. AVhen he was thirteen vears of a^e he went to live with William Griffis, at Rummerfield, and when Mr. Griffis was elected sheriff, he lived in Towanda, and remained in the famih'^ some time. On August 12, 1862, he enlisted at Rummerfield, in Company I, One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I., and was dischar":ed on sur^reon's certificate of disabilit}', December 29, 1862 ; in 1877 he engaged with II. M. Bostwick in mercantile business at Rummerfield, where he remained five years ; he was two years foreman for the Lehigh Valley Railroad, and in 1883 he purchased his present home where he has since resided and given his attention chiefly to farming. Mr. Bostwick was married, October 30, 1873, to Esther, daughter of Hiram and Lodoiska (Iluyck) Vannest, natives of Pennsylvania , and of Dutch origin. They have five children, as follows : Amelia Rahm, born February 22, 1875; Elizabeth E., born September 7, 1876; Jennie L., born October 8, 1879 ; William, born December 14, 1881, died September 18, 1882; Esther IL, born April 14, 1890. Mr. Bostwick is a member of the G. A. R. Post at Rome ; is a Republican in politics and has been school director in Wysox, and was postmaster at Rum- merfield from 1879 until 1882. E. E. BOSWORTH, merchant, Wyalusing township, P. O. Wya- lusing, was born in Smithfield townshij), this county. May 11, 1846, son of Dr. Henry C. and Maria (Bosard) Bosworth, natives of New York. His father was a graduate of the Geneva Medical College and practiced many years, being remarkably successful, but he gave up the practice of medicine about fifteen years prior to his death, and devoted his attention to mercantile pursuits at Osceola, where he died, December 5, 1870, aged fifty-eight years. Dr. Bosworth had a family of three children : E. E. (our subject) ; U. A., a farmer of Osceola, and C. H., a physician, of Osceola. E. E. passed his boyhood at Osceola where he received an academical education, then entered the University of Geneseo, N. Y., and after two years spent there, returned home and entered the mercantile business, becoming a partner in a hardware store at Osceola in 1870. He remained there until 1877, when he sold out and for two years was engaged in settling accounts and settlement of an estate, still conducting the post(^ftice there; then, in 1879, he came to Wyalusing and entered the firm of Bosworth, Stone & Compan}', which purchased the store and stock of H. S. Ackley. This firm began the operatmg of a general store, also the ])urchasing of hay, grain and all kinds of country produce, and dealing in salt, lime, coal, etc! The senior member of the firm was N. P. Bosworth, uncle of our subject, who died August 4, 1886. The firm continued with E. B. Stone, until 188!», when Mi-. Stone went out and assumed control of the produce and grain (le])art- ment, and C. R. Stone became a member of the firm. E. B. Stone is HISTORY OF HKAI^FOKI) ('OUN'IY. 651 now head of the firm of E. I>. Stone & Co., dealei's in liay and grain, of whicli our subject is also a inenil)er; their business, taken collect- ively, is the largest in this section; in their store they carry a large line of groceries and provisions, dry goods, clothing, boot and shoes, grain and seed. The business has increased more than $1(),00(» per year over what it was when tlie firm purchased it. Besides his mercantile interests Mr. 13osworth owns two-thirds of the store building and an elegant residence. He was united in marriage, January 7, 1880, with Adelaide Bosard, daughter of Arthur Bosard, a farmer, of Osceola, Pa. They have an adopted child — Catherine. The family worship at the Presbyterian Church ; he is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, and has taken the degrees of the Scottish Rite, is connected with Union Lodge, No. 108, Towanda, and is a Ttepublican in his political preferments. JAMES W. BOSWORTil, farmer. Pike township, P. (). LeRays- ville, was born on his present farm, August 25, 1822, a son of Reed and Amarilla (Peck) Bosworth, natives of Connecticut and of English and Irish descent, respective!}'. In their family there were six chil- dren, of whom James W. is the youngest ; the other children being , Nelson P., Henry C, Harriet, Susan and Elizabeth P. James W. Bosworth began life for himself at the age of twenty-one, farming and dealing in stock, driving large droves to Connecticut and southern Pennsylvania, though his trade has been chiefly in the home market. He now owns and superintends one of the finest farms in the county, the nucleus of which was settled by his father in December, 1812. Mr. Bosworth married Baura, daughter of John and Mary (Harkness) Bird, of SmitliHeld, this county, where they were early settlers, com- ing from Vermont. Mr. and" Mrs. Bosworth have two children : Martin B., born December 23, 1859, a commission merchant in Trini- dad, Col.; and Nelson E., born April 14, 18(52, engaged in farming with his father. Mi-s. Bosworth died January 1,1891. Mr. Bosworth is an independent voter, and is pledged to no' political party. JASPER P. BOSWORTil isamerchantofLeRaysville, Pike town- ship, where he was born, November 5, 1842, a son of John Frank Bosworth, also a native of Pike townsliip, and who was the son of Josiah Bosworth, a native of Connecticut and one of the pioneers to Bradford county. Josiah Bosworth was a son of Joseph Bosworth, an Englishman. Josiah and his brothers came to Pike township about 1798, settling three miles south of LeRaysville, and in a little while Josiah opened his log ta,vern called the " Half-Way House," because it was about half-way between Towanda and Montrose ; he conducted this noted early-day hostelry many years, carrying on at the same time his large farm. In the 1812-15 war with England, Josiah Bosworth raised a company of men to go to the front. They organized, making him captain, and embarked and went down the river to Danville, when the end of the war was announced, and " Johnny came marching- home." Josiah Bosworth, who was one of thirteen children, was born in Litchfield, Conn., November 25, 1779, and died at the old family home, September 22, 1858, aged seventy-nine years. His family consisted of thirteen children, eleven of whom grew to maturity . His 652 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. grandson, J. A, Bos worth, now resides on the old homestead ; James Bosworth, a nephew of Josiah, lives three miles south of LeRavsville. An episode in Josiah's pioneer life is related : On one occasion, on his return from church through the woods, he espied a bear, gave chase and treed him ; in order to keep him from coming down, while he went for his gun, was a problem he settled by tying his shirt around the tree: so Bruin had to patiently wait until Josiah's return, w^ho then dispatched him, and that bear's skin was a family trophy as well as a good winter cover until there was little or no fur left on it. John F. Bosworth opened the first drug store in LeRavsville, and also the first hardware store, in course of time associating in his business his son, Jasper P. Bosworth. They sold tlie drug store and gn^ceiy business in 1874, when John F. Bosworth retired from active business life : he died December 10, 1889. His strong characteristics during a long and busy life were high integrity, a sleepless energy and a physical endurance that never tired or became worn out. At the age of seventy-five, he w^as elected collector, and was the first incumbent in that office after the constitutional chano-e in the law for collection of taxes — a trvino: ^position for even a young man, but ho filletl it promptly and ably. lie had received a common-school education, and learned the harness, trunk and saddle-maker's trade, and followed the latter at LeRaysville, also carrying on the tanneiy store until 1853, when he opened a harness store in Waverly, when he was burned out in the great fire there. He opened his drugstore in LeRaysville in 1803, under the firm name of J. F. Bosworth & Son. His partner in the hardware store was -lames Gorham, and this was carried on three years, when Mr. Bosworth sold his interest to LeRoy Coleman. His wife was Ruth Ann Perkins, and they have had seven children, as follows: George and Elbert (both died voung) ; Lucilla (Mrs. Stephen C. Carpenter); Jasper P.; Amie (Mrs." Dr. R. S. Harnden, of Waverly, N. Y.) ; Sarah (wife of C. F. Chaffee, druggist, Waverly, N. Y.) and Dellie (Mrs. Dr. R. J. McCready, Allegheny City, Pa.). The subject of this sketch, Jasper P. Bosworth, was educated in the common schools, finishing at the AYaverly Institute. For a short time thereafter he clerked ; then entered his father's store as a partner, and when they sold out in 1875, he purchased his deceased father-in-law's interest in the firm of Gray & Lyon, changing to the present style of firm in the general store of Bosworth & Lyon. Mr. Bosworth is regarded as one of the ])rominent and leading men of this part of the count3\ In 1869, he \vas united in marriage with Anna A. Grav, eldest daughter of Cyrus W. and Dollis H. (Everett) Gray, and the fruits of this marriage are three children, viz. : Winifred, who died in infancy, Marjorie Lee, born in 1885, and Charles Herman, born in 1888. The famil}'^ woi'ship at tiie Congregational Church, of wiiich Mr. Boswoi-th is treasurei*. He is ])ast master in the Afasonic Fratei-nity, and is a member of LeRay Lodge, No. -117, A. Y. M.; is treasui-er of LeRays- ville Assembly, No. 213; treasurer of tiie sciiool board, antl was secretarv of the same three vears ; was borough auditor three years. J. ALONZO liOSWORTH, farmer, Pike township, was born on the farm where he now resides, November 13, 1836, and is the eldest HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 053 in a family of eij^^lit children of J. K. and Mary A. (Codding) P>os- worth. His grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. Josiah J>6s\vorth, came from Connecticut in 1798, and settled on the f;irni where he now lives, which was then a dense wilderness; the grandfather built the barn in 1803, which is still standing on the old liomestead, and the house in 1817, making all the nails by hand, and bringing the iron from Wilkes-Barre on horseback. Josiah Bosworth was a man of mucii military ability, and an officer in the War of 1812. The subject of this chapter spent his boyhood on the farm, until he reached the age of twenty -five. August 13, 1862, he enlisted in Company B, One Hundred and Forty-tirst P. V. I.; during the battle of Chancellors- ville he saved the old flag, and carried it from the field after four men had been shot down with it. for which act of gallant bravery he was presented with a cross as a token of such rare and sterling hero- ism. At Gettysburg he received a wound in the right leg, which disabled him for a time from active service; but as soon as able he returned to his regiment ; he lay w^ounded on the field nearlv fortv- eight hours without food or drink. Jjeside tiie battles mentioned he was in Fredericksburg and man}^ other important engagements, and fought with unusual bravery, until his regiment was mustered out, when he returned to his farm in Pike township, where he has since been engaged in farming. Mr. Bosworth was married February 13, 1866, to Miss Lillian A., daughter of George and Susana (Scott) Lacey, and they have had four children. Mr, Bosworth is a member of the G. A, R. Post at LeRaysville, in which he takes a very active part, and is a strong Republican. LEWIS ALBA BOSWORTH, farmer, of Pike township, P. O. LeRaysville, was born at Stevensville, this county. May 30, 1835, a son of Lewis Luckey and Sarah A. (Hancock) Bosworth, natives of Pike township ; the former is of Irish and 'New England descent, and the latter of Dutch and New England. The father was a farmer and later a merchantat Stevensville, and from 181:6 to 1886 lived at LeRaysville ; was a])pointed postmaster during Lincoln's administration and held the position for twenty years; in his family were three children : Lewis Alba, Sarah Catherine (married to E. T. E. Becker, a lawyer at Mt. Carroll, 111.), and Martha Arabella (married to E. M. Bailey, a merchant and manufacturer, of LeRaysville). Lewis Alba has lived on the farm, which he now owns, since he was six years old, and was educated in LeRaysville and Holland Patent academies. He began life for himself at the age of twenty -five, and in 1870 purchased the homestead of his father. He enlisted at Harrisburg, September 1, 1864, in Company E, Twelfth Pennsylvania Cavalry ; was in the Engineer Corps on coast survey, and was mustered out at Washington, June 5, 1865 ; then resumed farming, which he has since followed. Mr, Bosworth was married November 27, 1866, to Miss Elbertine L,, daughter of Jesse and Louisa (Gerould) Sumner, of Smithfield, natives of Bradford county. This union has been blessed with six sons : Jesse Lewis, Harry Alba, Guy Sumner, Hugh, Ray Luckey (deceased) and Arthur. Mr. Bosworth is a member of Spalcling Post, G. A. R., No. 33. 654 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COLNTY, JAMES L. J^OTHWELL, insurance agent ajid coal dealer, Troy, was born in Troy township, this county, Xovenil)er 20, 1830, a son of James A. and Phebe (Blackwell) Botiiwell, and is ol" English and Scotch- Irish descent. His father was a native of Granville, Washington Co., Is. Y., a son of Lebbens and Nancy (Smith) Bothwell. His grand- mother, Nancy Bothwell, married, for her second husband, Samuel llockwell, and came to Bradford county about 1818; the issue of this union was one son, Lewis. By her first marriage she had five children: Alexander, James, Justin, Nancy (Mrs. W. S. Dobbins) and Mary (Mrs. E[)hi'aim Case), of whom James Bothwell, born in 1806, father of subject, was reared in Bradford county from twelve years of age. On attaining his majority he engaged in farming- in Troy township; later removed to Canton township, and cleared and improved the farm on which he resided fifty years ; his wife was a daughter of Thomas Blackwell, a native of England, who died in Burlington township, this countv, and bv her he had six children: James L., Thomas B., Nanc}' (Mrs. George Foss), Sarah (Mrs. D. B. Ci'andall), Lucy (Mrs. C. C. Paine) and Harriet (Mrs. J. W. Warren). James J^. Bothwell was reared in Canton township, and educated in the common schools. He cleared and improved a farm in that township on which he resided up to 1870, when he removed to Canton borough, and for six years was employed at bridge building for the N. C. R. R. Company, then was engaged in draying up to 1885, when he removed to Troy, and embarked in the coal business in which he still continues; he has also conducted an insurance business since 1889. In 1852 Mr. Bothwell married Sally, daughter of James and Caroline (Gilmore) Warren, of Canton town- ship, formerly of England, and the issue of this union was three children: Helen (Mrs. G. F. JCrise), Mary (JNfrs. Morgan Baldwin) and Fred (deceased). In 1888 Mr. Jjothwell married (the second time) Sarah, daughtei' of Stephen Stiles, of Burlington townshi)), by whom he has one daughter, Piid'be T. jVfr. Bothwell is a member of the Disciple ('liurcli and of the I. O. O. F. l^oliticallv he is a Democrat. LYMAN C. BOUGHTON, farmer, of South Creek township, P. O. Gillett, was born in Columbia township, this countv, February 22, 1887, and is a son of Daniel and Maria (Bade}') Bonghton, the former of whom was born near Wellsbui-g, N. Y., the latter being a native of England. Daniel Boughton was born in 1810, and is now eighty-one years of age; he came to this county about 1825, locating in Colum- bia townsliip, where he purchased a fai'm of 100 acres of unimproved land, on which he built, and cultiv^ated (ifty acres of it; he sold this farm, and moved to South Creek township, on what is now known as " East Hill," where he bought a farm of 100 acres, six acres of which he cleared and improved by hard hibor; after selling this to advantage, he moved to Gillett, where he possessed himself of another farm in need of improvement, which, by his continual and intelligent skill, has become one of the finest in the neighl)orhood, consisting of 112 acres of fertile land, all under good cultivatitm. Daniel Boughton, after a long and useful life of eighty-one years, and sixty years of hard and incessant lal)or to subduct the wilderness, lias accomplished his task, and thus far the forest has yielded to his a,x, and the earth to his plow. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COl'NTY. G55 lie is now retired from active life, and is living- with his sons ; his fani ily consisted of five sons and five daughters, nine of wiiom grew to maturity, and eight are now living. Lyman C. iJoughton was reared and educated in South Creek townsliij), and has always confined him- self to farming, like iiis father; at the age of twenty-four years, he enlisted in Company G, One Ilundred and Seventy -first P. Y. I.. served nine months and was honorabW discharged ; in 1803 he again enlisted, this time in the Twelfth N. Y. I. B., serving to the close of the war, at 'which time he was honorably discharged. On September 4, 186{), he married Miss Cornelia Adams, of Columbia, and by this union there have been five children born to them, all yet Hving, viz.: Nina, Gracie, Arthur, Earnest and I^lanche. Mr. Boughton is an extensive farmer, iiaving a fine farm of 165 acres, his principal crop being hay; he also carries on dairying and general farming. He has lived on his present farm since 1865 ; has held the office of school director, and is a member of the G. A. R. Mrs. Boughton is a mem- ber of the Baptist Church. DANVERS BOURNE, lumberman and farmer, P.O. Burlington, was born in Richmond, Cheshire Co., N. H., February 15, 1817, a son of Ilosea and Amy (Martin) I'ourne, the former of whom was a son of Stephen and Sylvia (Bump), and the latter a daughter of AVilderness Martin, who was the first white male child born in the above named town, both families beino- of English ancestry. The paternal great- grandfather of our subject was an Englishman and a sea ca})tain. Hosea Bourne was born in 1796 in New Hampshire, was a farmer bv occupation and in 1831 removed to Otsego county, N. Y., where his family of five children were reared. Dan vers Bourne came to Brad- ford county in 1837, and engaged in teaching school, at which he con- tinued twelve years. In 1849 he purchased a large tract of land in "West Burlington township, where he has since been extensivel}' engaged in the lumbering business and farming ; he manufactures lumber, shingles and lath, and has a fine planing and grist mill and a farm of over two hundred and thirty acres of prime land. Mr. Bourne was married November 8, 181^, to Marilda Riggs, of New Jersey, who died September 2, 1888, and he has three children living, as follows : Hester B., widow of C. W. Smith ; Ophelia M., wife of Clarence E. Brighiim, and EUery L., married to Sophia Spencer; he is a partner in his father's business, and is in reality manager. Mr. Bourne is a Re- publican, was nine years commissioner of the town, and one term auditor of the county. He is an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, as was also his wife, and has been superintendent of the Sunday-school twenty -one years, also an officer of the church since his connection with the same. He is much respected by the communitv and a wide circle of friends. ANSON H. BO WEN, farmer, of Warren township, P. O. Warren Centre, is a native of Warren township, this county, born June 25, 1848, a son of William Clark and Angelina P. (Corbln) Bowen, Penn- sylvanians, also born in Warren township. William C. was a son of William and Abagail (Case) Bowen, natives of Massachusetts and of English descent, farmers who migrated to Amei-ica in the early days, 656 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and located in Warren township, where the father of William C. died in 1852, and the mother in 1851; they had ten children, of whom Wil- liam C. is the fourth. lie commenced life when a youn<>- man as a blacksmith, and this and farming he followed during life, he having purchased the old family homestead. He was married in 1844 to Angelina P. Corbin, daughter of Penwell Corbin. Mr. and Mrs. Wil- liam Clark Bowen make their home with their son, Anson H. They had born to them four children, as follows : Abbie A. (Mrs. Burr Decker), of Binghamton; Anson 11.; Sarah M. (Mrs. Lafayette Dick- enson), who died in 1872; AVilliam C, who died in 1876. The subject proper of this sketch, who was reared and educated in AVarren town- ship, owns the old family homestead, inheriting part and adding thereto ; it contains one hundred and forty-five acres, is handsomel}'^ stocked with improved breeds of horses and cattle, and of the latter has some fine Holsteins. Mr. Bowen was married in Warren town- ship, in 1871, to Cornelia, daughter of Edward and Louisa (White- head) Stephens, natives of Vermont, of English stock ; (their family comprised ten children, all daughters, of whom Cornelia was the eighth). To Mr. and Mrs. Bowen were born three children, as follows: Archie B., Angle L. and Merton E. Mr. Bowen is a Demo- crat, and has filled the office of town clerk. BRAINERD BOWEN, tanner, Troy, was born in Pittsford, Rut- land Co.,Yt., November 21, 1828, a son of Laban and Esther (Crippen) Bowen, natives of Rhode Island and Vermont, respectively, of Welsh and Scotch descent, and who settled in Troy township, this county, in 1833, locating on what is now^ known as the Iveyon farm; this his father cleared and improved, and resided thereon until 1843, when he removed to Troy village, and purchased the "Trojan Tannery,'' which he conducted until his death in 1849 ; his children were four in number: Brainerd, Lucy J. (Mrs. James Ballai'd), Mary A. (Mrs. Rev. William J. Reed) antl Annette (Mrs. John Creque). Our subject was reared in Troy from eight years of age, and received a common-school education, he learned the tannei-'s trade with his father, and in 1851 became ])art proprietor of the " Trojan Tannery " with which he has since been connected, alone and with others, and also has an interest in a tannery at Lansboro, Susquehanna Co., Pa., since 1889. Mr. Bowen has been thrice mari-ied ; his first wife was Ilan-iet I)ird, of Potter county, Pa. ; his second wife was Emeline Tracy, of Smithfield, and his third wife was Harriet, daughter of John Birchard, of Susquehanna county, and by her he has two children : ]\Iary and Nettie. Mr. Bowen is a member of the Presbyterian Church ; he has always taken an active interest in the welfare of Trov, and in politics he is a Republican. GEORGE A. P>OWEN, proprietor of creamery, P. O. Ilerrick, was born in Sus([uehanna county. Pa., March 3, 1859; his father, Robert S. Bowen, was born in Warren township, Bratlford county, July 13, 1832 ; his ijrandfather, Al)ner P>owen, a native of Rhode Island, came with his father. James Boyle, wiio was born and died in Ireland andliad a family of seven children : Patrick, Ellen (wife of Mike O'Conneil), Michael, Thomas, Peter, James and Anne. Patrick came to this country in 1826, remaining one year on Long Island, then worked on the Erie Canal one year, then on the North Branch Canal three years, then went to Wyalusing and purchased 100 acres and added fifteen acres more, and built his house in 1867. He was a prominent and successful farmer, and the family are members of the Catholic Chui'ch ;, his politics are Democratic. He married, in 1827, Susan, daughter of Francis Flanigan, of New York City, and had six children, as follows: Anne (wife of J. J. O'Brien), John, Thomas, Francis, Peter and James. The mother died in Februarv, 1851, and he again married in October of same 3'^ear, Anne, daughter of Patrick Monoglian, and by this marriage had one child. Cornelius. Patrick Bovle died, August 22, 1890. Francis, the subject of this sketch, attended school until his twentieth year; tlien worked on a farm until 1865. In 1866 he pur- chased fifty acresof land which he sold in 1870,then managed his father's farm until 1889, when he rented tlie ''Rummerfield Hotel," which he conducted until 1890, then returned home, and at his father's death he inh(.'rited the iiomestead. November 22, 1890, he purchased the " Rum- merfield Hotel."' ]\Ir. Boyle is a Democrat ; and the faniil\' are niem- l)ers of the (catholic Church. He married in 1876, Bridget, daughter of Michael and Sarah (Ilammersley) Ryan, the third of a family of seven, five of whom areliviufi", and of this mai-riaoe were born seven ciiildren : Susan, born April 29, 1868, wife of (ieorge McCrossen, they have one child, Francis, born Septeml)er 3(i, 1888; Sarah and Kate (twins), horn April *'., 1870; Annie, l)f)rn March 28, 1873; iMaiy, born HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. fJHl February 6, 1875; Patrick, March 11, 1879, and Michael, born IS'ovem- ber 25, 1881. This family is one of the leading ones of the county. Cx\PTAIN DANIEL BRADBUKY, machinist, Athens, is a native of Ulster county, N. Y., born September 23, 1830, a son of Thomas J. and Clarinda (liayes) Bradbury, natives of Ulster and Dutchess coun- ties, N. Y., respectively. The father is a retired farmer and resides in Southport, Chemung Co., N. Y., now eighty-three years old. Sub- ject's grandfather, Amirheuhama Bradbury, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, in Col. Shepherd's Massachusetts Regiment. The maternal grandfather, William Hayes, was a soldier in the War of 1812. Capt. Daniel Bradbury is the eldest in a famil}^ of seven children, of whom six are living. He was reared principally in Tomp- kms, N. Y.; worked three years on a farm, and at eighteen began an apprenticeship at the machinist's trade in Elmira ; then, in 1851, removed to Athens, and worked at his trade until 1856, when he went to Newark, Ohio, and from there to Buffalo, and thence to Corning, N. Y. Returning to Athens in 1858, he here worked at his trade until the breaking out of the Civil AVar, when he enlisted, April 23, 1861, in the three-years' service, in Company F, Sixth Pennsylvania Reserves, and was appointed captain. He was wounded at Draines- ville, Va., December 20, 1861, and was an invalid in camp until March 1, 1862 ; he was furloughed home, where he remained until May, when he returned to his command in Virginia, but after his examina- tion was rejected on account of his wound ; was dischai'ged from the service July 15, 1862. Returning to Athens he worked at his trade until 1867, when he went to Penn Yan, N. Y., and in 1870 to Elmira, same State, where he worked for Reid & Cooper, manufacturers of steam engines and general machinery, until January, 1885, when he came to Athens and worked in the Lehigh Yalley machine sliops ; he is now in the employ of Reid & Cooper. Elmira, N. Y. Capt. Brad- bury was married in Smithfield tow^nship, this county, to Miss Polly, daughter of Jared and Eliza (Hackett) Phelps, natives, respectively, of Massachusetts and Vermont ; the father, who was a farmer, was born January 24, 1789, and died August 17, 1869, in Smithfield. Mrs. Phelps was born May 20, 1795, and died May 2, 1839. Mrs. Bradbury's grand- father, Jared Phelps, served one full term of three years in a Connecti- cut regiment during the Revolutionary War, and soon after his discharge again enlisted for a term of three years, and served until the close of the struggle ; he was first a drummer, and afterward a fifer. Mrs. Bradbury is the youngest in a family of nine children that grew to maturity, and was born in Smithfield township, this county, December 4, 1831. To Mr. and Mrs. Bradbury were born four chil- dren, viz.: Thomas J., married to Clara Paul, residing in Argentine, Kan.; Harry B., married to Mary V. Massey, residing in New York C'ity (he is a reporter on the New York Trihune)\ Margaret E., and Asa, deceased. The Captain is a member of the G. A. R., Mallory Post, No. 285, and Union Veteran Legion, No. 28 ; he served two years as commander of the Post, and one year of the U. V. L.; is serving his second year as piesident of the Sixth Regiment Pennsyl- vania Reserve Association. Politically he is a Republican. 37 er 19, 18()4, and returned to his liome. Three of his brothers and two brothers-in-law were in the service, Mr. Brainard is a member Of Spalding Post, No. 33, and in politics is a Rei)ublican. PATRICK F. liliEXNAX, farmer, of Monroe township. P. O. Liberty Corners, was born in County Tipperary, Ireland, October 20, 1837, and is a son of John and Jolumna (Fogarty) Brennan. There HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 603 were thirteen children in their family, of whom subject is the seventh* His parents dying in 1S55, he began life for himself, farming and teaming, and in 1861 he purchased six acres of land, where he now resides. When he had cleared and paid for this, he purchased more, and so on, until now he has sixty-two acres of well-cultivated land. Mr. Brennan was married December 25, 1858, to Miss Mary Ann McFee, daughter of Hannah M. Sullivan, and they have five children : George H., born January 14, 1860, resides with his parents, and is married to Alice Mc Daniels (they have one child, Thomas H., born September 14, 1890) ; Mary C, born March 31. 1863, married to Willis J. McDaniels, an employe in the Athens Bridge Works (they have one child. Anna E., born September 20, 1890) ; John M., born December IS, 1867, taught school seven terms in Bradford count\^ (was graduated from Miller's Commercial College, and is now in the employ of the New York Railroad Supply Company, at New York, where he is a member of the Y. M. C. A.); Thomas P., born April 11, 1873, died December 4, 1881, and Frank A., born July 7, 1876. Mr. Brennan has always been a strong advocate of Democracv, as are all his children. GEORGE W. BRINK, farmer, P. O. Bentley Creek, was born in Branchville, Sussex Co., N. J., August 26, 1826, a son of Garret and Mary (Bowman) Brink, natives of Sussex county. Garret Brink followed the calling of an auctioneer many years, and died at the age of fifty. His family consisted of five children — three sons and two daughters — all of whom grew to maturity, and three are now living. George W. Brink, who is the fifth in the family, was reai'ed and edu- cated in Sussex county, N. J. At the age of twenty he married, for his first wife, Susan, daughter of Lewis Johnson, by which union there were born to them seven children — six boys and one girl — as follows: Andrew, Benjamin, Alfred, Willis, Frederick, Frank and Alice, all of whom are married and prosperous ; his second wife was Sarah Patter- son, ^vhom he married December 26, 1875. Mr, Brink removed to this county in 1856, locating in Wells township, where he lived until 1878 when he removed to Bentley Creek, and has since resided here. His wife, Sarah, purchased what is known as the "Cook Place." Mr. Brink is an extensive dairyman, and has two registered Alderneys. T. W. BRIXK, P. O."" Brink Hill, who ranks among the most prominent farmers of Litchfield township, was born in Sheshequin township, this county, March 21, 1820, on the farm now owned by Rufus Mallory, a son of Benjamin and Rhoda (Rodgers) Brink, the former of whom was a farmer, and resided at the old Rodgers home- stead in Sheshequin from 1825 until his death. Our subject is the eldest of four children, of whom Amanda mari-ied Henry McKinney, and died in 1883. Benjamin Brink married, for his second wife, Polly Forbes, and by her had two children, viz., Delila, married to Philip C/rans, of Athens, and John F., married to Emily Crans. The grand- father was a soldier of the War of 1812. T. W. Brink was reared on the old homestead, and received a limited common-school education. Leaving school at the ao:e of seventeen years, he took charge of a farm in Sheshequin township, and at the age of twenty-one removed to the farm now owned by George Page, in Athens township, then 604 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. returned to the old homestead, where he remained until 1859, in which vear he came to Litchfield on the farm he now owns, comjirising- two hundred and ten acres, of which one hundred and fifty are improved, with comfortable buildings. He has been twice married ; first time in 1841, to Martha Harrington, by which union were born eight children : Mary, married to George W. Morse of Washington, D. C; George, married to Gwilda Carmer, and resides at Litchfield ; Henry, married to Kate McGovern, and lives in Athens township ; Dell, who first nuinied Orlando Pai-k, and for her second husband married Perley J*halin, of Athens; Alonzo, died at the age of six ; Alfred, died at the ao-e of two; Henrietta, died in infancy; Fred, married Ida Munn, and lives on part of his father's farm. Our subject nuirried for his second wife, in 1869, Clarissa McKinney, third m the family of six children of Joseph and Mary (Bidlac) McKinney. Mr. Brink is a Kepublican, and has held various town offices. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal (Uiurch. SAMUEL N. IHlOTs'SON, retired merchant, Orwell. John Bronson came from England in Colonial times with a colony under the leadership of Ilev. Thomas Hooker, in 1630, and settled at Hartford, Conn.; he was in the bloody Pequot War of 16.37, and removed to Tunxis (P^irmington), about 1641 ; he was one of the organizers of the Farming-ton Church, October 13,1652; he died November 28, 1680, having reared a family of seven children, of whom the fifth child, John, the ancestor of the gentleman whose name heads this sketch, was born in January, 1<)44; he became an early settler of Waterbury. where he died, itis family consisted of seven children, of whom John, the eldest in this branch of the family, was born in 1670, and removed from Waterbury to Southington, where in January, 1697, he was married to Rachel Buck, of Weathersfield, and had seven children, of whom Jonathan, born May 14, 1706, married Abigail Clark, Mav 17, 1732, and lived in Soutliington, where he died, August 20, 1751 ; his family consisted of ten children, of whom the second, John, born July 16, 1735, married, foi- his first wife, Sarah Barnes, March 30, 1758^ and soon after settled in Wolcott, where she died December 17, 1804; he then married the widow of Curtiss Hall, and died November 10, 1838, aged one hundred and three years, three months and twenty-five days; his family of six children were as follows: Joel, born ]\rarch 9, 1759; Isaac, born July 19, 17<'»1 ; Benjamin lUirnes, born August 19, 1763; Philenor, baptized April 27, 1766; Hannah; John, born January 31,1776. Of these, Joel, who was the grandfather of Samuel N. Bronson, married (/ynthia Minerva Squires, Deceml)er 3, 1783, and had the following children, all now deceased: Ira, born Sei)teml)er 11, 1784; Samuel Scjuire (father of subject), l)orn Mav 6, 1787; Avis Finch, born October 27, 1790 ; Mary Woodruff, l)orn Julv 13, 1793; Nancv Barns, born April 25,1796; Joel, Jr., l)orn May 23, 1799; Cynthia " Minerva, born Augusts, 1809, and died March 14, 1891, at Kennctt Scjuai-c, Fa. |The Humphrey family in America dates from Michael Humphrey, "the emif^rant'' from England whose first record here is in 1643 in Windsor, Conn.; he nuirried October 14, 1647, Priscilla Grant, I HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 6G5 daughter of Matthew Gi'ant, of Windsor, of wljoiii ex-I'resident U. S. Grant was of the seventh generation, lie had a family of seven children, of whom the tliird child, known as Lieut. Samuel^ was born May 15, 1G56, in Windsor. He mari-ied Mary Mills, and died June 15, 17'>C), having had eight children, of whom the third child, known as Ensign Samuel, born May IT, ir>S<), in Simsbury, was married four times, reared nineteen children, and died October 16, 1759; he married his third wife, Lydia Noi-th, of P^armington, Conn., in December, 1714, of whom his fifth child, known as diytt. Ezekiel (great-grand- father of S. N. Bronson), born August 28, 1719, in Simsbury, Conn., married Elizabeth Pettibone, October 2. 1740, and they had ten children: E/.ekiel, born May 28, 1741; Elijah, born September 20. 1747; Elizabeth, born 1750; Frederick, born December 9, 1753; George, born 1756 ; Ann, born 1758 ; Giles (grandfather of S. X. Bronson), born 1760; Chloe, born June 28, 1762; Lydia, born 1769; Betsey, born February 12, 1771. Giles, the seventh child, a native of West Simsbury, Conn., married Elizabeth Case, of same place, and had seven children : Norman, born May 17, 1781 ; Sarah, born April 4, 1783 ; Elizabeth, born June 3, 1785^; Lydia, born November 29, 1787; Lyman, born February 11, 1791 ; Ursula (the mother of S. N. Bronson), born August 1, 1794, and Anna. He died in 1816 in Burlington, Conn.J Samuel S. Bronson married Ursula Humplirey, April 28, 1814, and had the following children : Samuel 11., born July 12, 1815 ; a son, born November 18, 1816, and died ; Lyman II., born March 17, 1818 ; Cynthia Ann, born January 10, 1821 ; Perintiia, born July 7, 1823 ; and Samuel Newton, born July 2, 1825, the only survivor,"^ The subject of this sketch was first married July 21, 1853, to Margaret Garretson, of Wilkes-Barre, Pa., a daughter of Stephen and Mary Ann Garretson, and by this marriage were born the following children: Edith May, born June 25, 1858 ; Jennie C, born August 21, 1859, and died in infancy ; Edith May, married to L. De Witt Griswold, May 9, 1878. This wife dying January 3, 1861, Mr. Bronson married September 19, 1861, Mrs. Caroline C. Elsbree, of Warren, Pa., widow of James T. Elsbree, and daughter of Samuel Lyon, by which marriage there were two children : Ira Lincoln, born Mtiy 20, 1865, now in Chicago, and Flora A., born September 19, 1867." married to Charles W. Eastman, August 4, 1890. Samuel N. Bronson's father was a learned jihysician who practiced his profession at Burlington, Conn., and died aged thirty-nine years. He was a man of great promise to the people of his section, and skilled in professional as well as in church life. The grandfather was a soldier of the Revolution, and served under Washington ; he came to Orwell during his old age, and died here. The great-grandfather had served in the French-Indian War. After his parent's'death, Samuel N. made his home with his uncle Ira, and came with him to Orwell in 1839, and in 1840 Ira Bronson built the house where H. Champlin now lives, and there resided until his death. Samuel worked on his uncle's farm during boyhcxl, and secured an academical education. After reaching his majority, he began teaching school and was thus engaged winters, 666 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. two 3'ears : then clerked in a general store at -Orwell Hill nearly five years, when he formed a partnership with 11. Z. Frisbie under the firm name of Frisbie & iironson, which continued for two years, wlien Mr. Frisbie retired, and a firm of four was formed, the style of the firm being Humphre}'^ & Co., which, two years thereafter, was dissolved, Mr. Bronson continuing alone in the building now occupied by Mr. Coburn, and changed to the old stand, now of Mr. Cowles, where he remained until 1871, when he retired from the mercantile trade and devoted his attention to real estate, steam saw and lathe mill, and other business. About 1853, T. Humphrey (or the company) started a tm shop and a cooper shop ; in 1856, S. N. Bronson purchased the coopering and tinware business, and soon had on the road one or two peddlers of tinware and notions — two years' peddling by Bronson & Doolittle, and for about ten years he was running it alone. Mr. Bronson was three times appointed postmaster, holding the office about eighteen years, and has held the position of first lieutenant in the Orwell Artillery Company, first appointed May 4, 1840. He has been a member of the Presbyterian Church all his life, an untiring- worker in the same, and an elder many 3xars, filling also the position of chorister, Sunday-school superintendent and treasurei' of the church, and of the Sunday-school. He is a Republican in politics, and lield numerous township offices; was town treasurei* during the years 1851- 52-53-54-61-62 and 77, and town clerk during the years f883-84-S5- 89 and 90. Pi. F. BROWN, farmer, P. O. Athens, was born in Pi'ovidence, R. I., April 28, 1850, is the son of S. W. and Harriet (Reynolds) Brown, natives of Providence, of whom the former was born July Y, 1801, the latter December 17, 1815 ; they removed to this county in 1852, locat- ing in Athens township, on what is now known as the Sawyer place, and resided there six years ; the mother died July 13, 1858, aftei" which tiie father sold the property to AV^illiam Sawyer, removing farther north and west, and purchased a farm. He subse(piently traded that for the one now owned by his son, B. F. Brown, and removed thither in 1876 ; he died in 1881, in his eightieth year; his family consisted of seven children, two sons and five daughters, four of whom are now living. Our subject, who is the seventh of the familv, was reared and educated in Athens in the common school, and always confined himself to farm work ; he beran business for himself bv buvinii" a farm of eiiihtv acres in 1876, on which he has worked faithfully and with effect; in 1888 he added fifty-eight acres to the above. He was married in 1878 to Miss Eliza, daughter of Warren W. and Anna Wilson, whose parents removed to this county from Kew York State, and by this union there were five cl^ildren, viz.: ]\rinnie. May, Harriet E., Anna !>., Susan E. and Fred W. Mr. P.rown is employed in mixed farming, and is a successful and enter]irising man ; his ))remises are well watered with never-failing s])i'ings; his stock is of the finest quality, some of them being registered. He has hekf various offices of public trust in the town ; is a member of the Iron Hall, and politicallv is a Re)>ublican. CHARLES J. BPtOWN was born in Towanda, June 9, 1839, and was the adopted son of Jesse E. Brown, Avho was a farmer, born in HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 667 Wvalusing in 1797; moved to Slioslie(iiiin in 182;>, and died in 18.S2. Chai'les received his education in the coninion schools of ISheshecjuiii. His musical instructors were »!. (4. Towner and F. V. Bliss, and he has taught music twenty-five 3'ears. The farm he now occupies is the one his father lived on when he came to the township, and consists of 193 acres, seventy-five of which are in the bottoms, all susceptible of cul- tivation. He was married July 16, 1861, to Maryan Seely, daughter of Joseph Seely, of Rome township. He has two children, a son, Han- ford, and a daughter, Etidin. Mr. Brown's ])oliiic:i.l views are Kepub- lican. His errand father's familv were in Wvoming at the time of the battle. CHARLES L. BROWN, farmer and dairyman, P. O. Towanda, a son of Barker and Elizabeth (Seltzer) Brown, was born in Wyoming county, June 6, 1849. His father was a native of this State, and his mother of Connecticut, whose ancestors were of German and English origin, and were agriculturists. Charles L., who is the third in a family of four children who grew to maturity, was educated in the common schools of Burlington township, and spent his early life on his father's farm. At his majority he became a tiller of the soil, and is now one of the leading and successful farmers of North Towanda, where he has a fine farm of 125 acres. He settled on his present homestead many years ago, where he soon added the dairy and milk business to his other interests. Mr. Brown was married August 20, 1868, to Sophia Morehouse, and there have been born to them six children. He is a genial, agreeable gentleman, and has a wide circle of friends. Mr, Brown votes the Republican ticket, and takes an active interest in the affairs of both township and county. CLARK M. BROWN, farmer and stock grower, Wyalusing town- ship, P. O. Wyalusing, is among the most prominent of Bradford's farmers, and was born Ma}^ 14, 1838, on the farm he now owns in Wyalusing township, a direct descendant of Thomas Brown, who was one of the most prominent of the pioneers of Wyalusing, and a son of Mason and Harriet (Harmon) Brown, His father was born at Brown- town, and was one of the prominent farmers of that section ; he had a family of ten children, as follows: Rachel, married to Lorenzo iVllen, and after his death was married to Hugh Daugherty ; David; Eliza (deceased); Hannah ; Emma, married to George Jackson and living at Paterson, N. J.; James, a farmer, of Wyalusing; Harriet, residing in Wyalusing; William, of Washington State; Libbie (deceased); and Clark M. Our subject was born and reared on a farm, and received a limited common-school education, following farming until 1852. For ten years he was engaged in navigating the North Branch canal; then resumed farming, which he has since continued. In 1869 he purchased the old homestead, and proceeded to improve the same, and now has as beautiful a home as the county affords, having added to his original farm until he owns 280 acres. He was united in mar- riage with Jane Woodfield, daughter of James Woodfield, of this county, December 2, 1860. This union has been blessed with nine children: Stella, married to Rev. John Nichols (soon after their mar- riage her husband was sent as a missionarv to India, and she accom- 668 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUXTY. panied him there, where after a sojourn of a year he died ; she then returned to her parents, and was married, the second time, to Rev. F. 11. Crissman, now residing in Blairsville, Pa.); Charles R., of Syra- cuse; Lewis, of Stillwater, Minn.; Belle, Oscar, Jennie. Harmon, Homer and Clyde. The family are members of the Methodist Episco- pal Church, of "^Wyalusing. Politically Mr. Brown is a Democrat, and is one of the successful men of the county ; has always been a hard worker. Besides the accumulation and improvements of his land he has given his children the advantages of a good education, and has been a liberal supporter of all Christian and benevolent enterprises. D. K. BROWN, retired, Wyalusing, was born at Browntown, Wvalusing township, this county^ February 24, 1826, a son of Ira and Nancv (King) Brown. His father was also born in Wyalusing town- ship in 1801, a son of Daniel Brown, a survivor of the Wyoming mas- sacre. Ira, who was one of the pioneers of this section, had three children, of whom the subject is the eldest ; J. Morgan is the genial l^roprietor of the " Wyalusing Hotel," and Adaline is married to A. H. Kingsbury, of Towanda. The father was a farmer, and at his death had accumulated quite an extensive body of land, sixty -five acres of which remain in the possession of D. K. Brown. He was born and reared on the farm and educated in the common school. AVhen eight- een years old he started to serve an apprenticeship at the carpenter's and joiner's trade, with his uncle Nelson Brown, of Towanda. And after serving only two years he began for himself. He worked in Towanda two years, and then returned to AVyalusing whei'e he fol- lowed the trade to the present time, having been interested in the building of almost every house in Wyalusing, the bank building and many other buildings in Dushore, besides a great amount of work at Scranton and other points. He has recently remodeled and modernized his residence, making it one of the handsomest homes in Wyalusing; he has also erected an elegant workshop, which he has supplied with all modern machines for the use of his craft. With the contractors and builders of this county he ranks among the foremost, and besides fol- lowing his trade, he has taken an active interest in farming, and owns a productive little farm on the banks of the Susquehanna. Mr. Brown was united in wedlock, August 14, 1848, wnth Hettie, daughter of Joseph and Rachel (Birney) Stalford, pioneers of this county; her parents had the following children, besides her: Catherine, who mar- ried Joseph Baker and removed to Greenville, Ohio, where they both died: Samuel, who died at Danville, Pa.; John, who diet! in infancy. To Mr. and Mrs. Brown have been born three children : AnnaE., boi'n November 5, 1849, married to C. A. Stowell, of Wvalusing; Francis A., born June 15, 1851, died September 29, 1852. and Emily A., born May 9, 1854, married to II. J. Llovd, of Wyalusing. The family worship at the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which Mrs. Brown is an active member. Mr. Brown is a stanch Republican and has held various town and borouuh offices, being the first l)urgess in Wyalusing. Besides his other business he has been dealing in hunber, doors, blinds and all cari)enter's supplies. HISTORY OP BIIADKORI) COUNTY. 009 D. S. JUiOWN, wagon maker, Wilawana, was born in Morrison, N. J., October 1, 181-t, a son of Aaron and I5etsey (Crane) Brown, natives of New Jersey. Aaron Brown migrated from New Jersey to Chenmng, N. Y., in 1810, wliere he resided two years; thence moved to Wellsbui'g (then called ISouthport), where he worked at his trade, wagon making, until his death, which occurred in 1848, when he was at an advanced age ; his children numbered five, all of whom grew to maturity, and two are now living. D. S., who is the second in the famil}^, was reared and educated in Wellsburg, N. Y., and learned the wagon maker's trade of his father. At tiie age of twenty -three he married Hannah, daughter of James and Margaret Burt, by which marriage there were two children : Martha and Emeline, both now deceased ; his second w^ife, whom he married December 9, 1843, was Polly, daughter of William and Fanny Seeley, by which union there were four children : Frances L. (was married to Charles Cain, and had two children — Carrie and Minnie — both of whom are married, and have each tliree children), Alice (married to Charles J. Howard, a mer- chant of Corning, IST. Y.), William (married to Eva, daughter of Dr. F. W. Keise, of Wilawana) and F. L. (deceased). William is a skilled mechanic and works witii his father, doing the iron work. Mr. BrowMi removed to Wilawana in 1845, and opened the first tavern in the village, which was then called Orcutt Creek, from which he retired after the hipse of two years. In 1847 he went into partnershi}) with Anson Beidleman in the mercantile business, but after three or four years Mr. Beidleman purchased the entire business, and Mr. Brown confined himself to his trade. In addition to his village property, he has a small farm of forty-five acres, which he works. He is much respected by his fellow-citizens who elected him to various i-esponsible offices ; he was postmaster seven years, and was then succeeded by his son William; was constable, assessor and school director; is a mem- ber of the Christian Church, and is a Democrat. EDWARD II. BROWN, of the firm of Brown, Rockwell & Co., merchants, New Albany, was born at Laddsburg, Pa., July 6, 1801, a son of John and Catherine (Ladd) Brown. His father, of Irish origin, was born in this State ; the grandfather, a farmer, was a native of Ireland. His mother is a native of Albany township, and a granddaugh- ter of Horatio Ladd, whose fathei", Ephraim and himself were of the first settlers in the township of Albany. Our subject was reared on his father's farm and educated in the schools of the township. To wanda, and Starkey Seminary, Yates county, N. Y. At the age of seventeen he commenced teaching school, which he followed some years, continu- ing his studies. In 1880 he engaged as a clerk in the store of Hon. S. D. Sterigere, at New Albany, and after nine months he purchased an interest in the business, w^hich had been successfully established more than twenty-five years, under the firm name of Sterigere & Co. Mr. Brown was married, in 1886, to Ella Sterigere, a daughter of the former owner of the business, Hon. S. D. Sterigere, who was in the State Legislature m 1884-85, being elected by the Republican party. Mr. Brown is a Republican in politics, but devotes his entire time to business, and is one of the substantial and o-rowing men of the county. 670 HISTORY OF BRADrOKD COUNTY. F. 8. BROWN, ticket and Adams Express agent, Say re, is a native of Addison, \. Y., and was l)orn Marcli 29, 1854, a son of John N. and Saraii C (Langford) Brown, natives of New York State, tlie former of whom is a retired merchant, and has been postmaster at Addison, N. y., fifteen years. F. S. Brown, who is the fourth in a family of six children (of whom the youngest four are now living), received liis education in the public schools of his native place, and in 1872 he went to Athens and served a three-years' apprenticesiii]) at telegraphy ; from there he inoved to Towanda, and was operator at the upper depot for the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company about three vears, and then was station agent for the Barclay Railroad Compan}^ about four years, after which he went to Elizabeth, and was in the superintend- ent's office of the New Jersey Central Railroad about a year ; then came to Sayre and worked in the offices until April, 1888, when he was appointed ticket agent and Adams Express agent at Sayre. Mr. Brown was married in Athens, October 13, 1875, to Miss Emma A., daughter of Edmund A. and Maria (Jackway) Kenyon, natives of this county, former of whom was a merchant a number of years in Athens. Mrs. Brown is the elder of two children, and Avas born in Windham township, this county, 1858. To Mr, and Mrs. Brown has been born a daughter, Bessie. Mrs. BroAvn is a member of the Baptist Church. Jn politics Mr. Brown is a Republican. JRA A. liROWN, farmer and stock grower, Wyalusing, was born in this county, August 13, 1854, and is a son of J. M. Brown (proprie- tor of the "Wyalusing Hotel") and Sarah A. (Jennings) Brown, who had two children, Ira A. and Carrie, the latter of whom married Richard McCann, a mechanic working in the Pullman Car Shops, Chicago. The moLlier dying while our subject was quite A^oung, he made his home with his grandfather, Ira Brown, one of the pioneers of this section, was educatetl in the common schools of Wyalusing. and worked the farm of his grandfather, who left the same to him at iiis death. He followed farming on the old homestead until 1884. when he went to Wyalusing borough and assisted his father in conducting the ''Wyalus- ing Hotel,'' remaining there four years; then returned to the old farm in W\'alusing township, where he has since resided, and which con tains 150 acres of as fine land as the county affords, all under cultiva- tion and well improved. In 1890 he began extensive lumbei- oper- ations, as the fai-m compi-ises a timber lot containing 200,000 feet of lumber, which he is now enoacred in fi:ettino' readv for market: has his farm well stocked with cattle and horses. Mr. Brown was united in wedlock, September 25, 1877, with Frances Cox, daughter of Corne- lius Cox, of Vaughn Hill, this county, and they have had three chil- dren, all now deceased. Mr. B)i'own is an active member of and class- leader in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics he is a Republican. JAMES R. BROWN (deceased) was a native of Vermont, born February 19, 1838, his parents being Christopher and Mary Brown, also natives of Vermont; the father died in 1882, the mother died several years ago; tiiey were the parents of live children, of whom James R, was the third. James R. Brown spent his young life in HISTORY OF BRADl'OKD COUNTY. 671 Massachusetts, and in 1870 came to Jjradford county, first locating- in Or-well township, and tlielice went to AVindhaui townshi]), where he s{)ent the remainder of his thiys, and died possessed of a liigiily im- proved farm of fifty-two acres, lie married, in Massaciiusetts, Lydia A. Stetson, daugliter of Leonard and Sophia" P. (Alger) Stetson, natives of Massachusetts and Pennsylvania, respectiveiy, of whicli marriage were born seven children, as follows: Mary (married Elmer Cole, of Litchfield), Alice M. (wife of Francis Strope. of Windham), Jennie. Arthur M., Stetson, llarry and Howard. James R. Brown departed this life in Windham township in 1885, greatly regretted bv everyone, and profoundly mourned by his family and friends ; he was known in life as a good man, a good and true friend, atfectioiuite father and a loving and devoted husband ; he served his country as a soldier, enlisting m 1864, in Compam' K, One Hundred and Ninth N. Y. I., serving until the close of the war, enduring many hardships, exposures and sickness, which eventually caused his death. He was a member of the K. of 11. JOHN H. BROWN, farmer and stock-grower, of Wyalusing township, P. O. Merryall, was born at Standing Stone this countv, December 30, 1832, a son of Benjamin and Jane (Houk) Brown, and a lineal descendant of Thomas Brown, the first of the name to settle in the county. The father was born at Browntown, April 27, 1782, and died Apvli 14, 1834; the mother was born at Stantling Stone, May 24, 1792, and died October 28, 1872. Their family comprised the follow- ing named children: Guy (deceased), Septer, Lloyd, Blondine (married to John Tewillayen, whom she survives, and resides at Standing Stone), Ellen (married to Harry Clark), Collins L., Allen, Charles, Sarah (mar- ried to Austin Frost), and John IL, the youngest in the family. Our subject was educated in the common schools of his day, and upon reaching his majority adopted farming as an occupation, which he has since followed. He was drafted September 27. 1864, and served in Company I, Fifty -first Regiment Pennsylvania Drafted Infantry, serv- ing until June 2, 1865, when he was discharged. He was before Peters- burg four months, and at the attack on Fort Steadman. After the close of the war he returned to Bradford county, and in 1857 purchased a farm in Herrick township, where he resided until 1887, when he pur- chased his present farm in Wyalusing townshi]i. He now owns sixty- one acres of fine farm land, beautifully located and well im))rove(l and stocked, where he does a general farming business. Mr. Brown was married November 11, 1857, to Roxanna Coleman, who w^as born March 23, 1840, a daughter of Nathan Coleman (deceased), of Herrick, and this union was blessed with six children : Sarah J., born Sejitem- ber 29, 1860, married to J. Baxter, a farmer of Sheshequin ; Nelson, born October 28, 1866, died October 5, 1869 ; Nellie M., born July 18, 1869, married to John Shooks, a farmer of Herrick township ; Anna M., born September 10, 1871, died July 25, 1878; Myrtella, born June 3, 1874, and Frances S., born April 3, 1880. Mr. Brown is a charter member of Hurst Post, No. 86 G. A. R,, and in his political views he is a Democrat. G72 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. .1.11. lUlOWN", farmer, P. O. Canton, is a native of Soutli])ort, Chemung Co., N. Y., and was born June 18, 1857, a son of John and Martha C. (Wier) Brown, natives of Chemung county, N. Y. John Brown was in earl}' life a lumberman, and is now president and general superintendent of the Elmira Silver Mining Co.'s mines in Banner. Idaho, a j)osition he has held for eleven years ; was five vears a mem- ber of the Elmira Board of Supervisors and was chairman of the board for sometime. The subject of this memoir is the fifth in order of birth in a family of two sons and four daughters ; his brother William D. Brown organized the State Bank of Lisbon, Dak., and has held the office of president since the organization. J. H. Brown was reared in Southport, INT. Y.,and received an academic education at Cook Academy, Ilavanna, N. Y., where he attended two years. His father was the owner of Webb's Mills, consisting of one gristmill, two sawmills and timber land, and worked for his father two years; then he and his brother, William D., purchased the business from their father, and they operated the mills together about three 3^ears, when J. H, pur- chased his brother's interest, and in a short time sold and removed to Grover, Pa. In 1881 he was associated in the lumber business with W. J. Koy, three years, under the firm name of Brown & Rov, and they had one of the largest mills outside of Williamsport. This they sold to Mial E. Lilley, and Mr. Bi'own purchased a farm where Ezra Spaulding settled in 1790 and built the first hotel in this part of the county ; the farm contains one hundred and sixty acres, fine buildings, and is'^ under a good state of cultivation. Mr. Brown was first mar- ried in Elmira, N. Y., in 1879, to Miss Ida, daughter of Oscar W. and Mary Ann (Nichols) Streeter, natives of Connecticut. Oscar W. Streeter was a mine operator in California. Mrs. Streeter is a daugh- ter of Draper Kichols, who Avas a prominent lumberman, of Southport N. Y., and helped build the Northern Central Pailroad. Mrs. Brown who was the only child, was born in Southport, x\ugust 10, 1858, and died at Hinesville, Cla., while there for her health, April 4, 1889. To Mr. and Mrs. Brown were born two children : Fanny May and Nellie Louise. Mr. Brown was married (the second time) in Canton, August 11, 1890, to Miss Belle C, daughter of Hon. B. S. and Achsah E. (Man- ley) Dartt. [Hon. B. S. Dartt was born September 8, 1826, in Charleston toAvn- ship, Tioga, Co., Pa., and there lived until he was seventeen years of age, Avhen he removed to Canton, and Avas apprenticed to Seneca Kendall to learn the carriage-maker's trade, where he remained three year-s ; then taught school one year. At the age of twenty-one he was united in marriage with Miss Achsah E., daughter of Thomas and Betsey INlanley, of East Canton. To this liap|)v union were born five children — one son and four daughters — namely: Thomas M. (deceased); Clara (deceased); Ida I., mariied to It. A. Ilazleton ; Fannie P., mar- ried to Charles D. Derrah ; and l^elle C. (Mrs. J. II. Brown). Mr. Dartt enlisted in Company C, Seventh Pennsylvania CaA^alrv, Avhere he w(;nt to the front as lieutenant. He i-omained in active service until "the last ivbel laid down his arms, earning his successive promotions by his personal bravery and good and faithful soldiership. HISTORY OF HHADFOHD COUNTY. 073 and when peace returned to our country, the lieutenant returned to his liome with a major's straps on his worthy shoulders." In 186G Maj, Dartt removed with his family to Canton, and in partnership with Aaron Spaulding, engaged in the hardware business many years under the firm name of Spaulding cV: Dartt. After Mr. Spaulding's death, in 1874, Mr. Dartt carried on the business alone. He was a member of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church, and organized the first Sunday -school in Canton, of which he was superintendent many years; was' a member of the order of Good Templars, of which he was Grand Chief Templar of the State during the years 1875-76 ; a member of the G. A. E. Post and of the Masonic Fraternity. In 1871 he was elected to the lower house of the State Legislature to represent Bradford county, and served two successive terms with honor and credit to his party. He suffered sev- eral years from heart disease, and died at his residence in Canton, February 12, 1880, in the sixtieth year of his age.] Mrs. Brown is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and Mr. Brown of the Baptist Church. He is a member of the F. & A. M., Canton Lodge, No. 415 ; Troy Chapter, No. 261, and Canton Com- mandery, No. 64; is a member of the Keystone Grange, and president of the Union Agricultural Association. Politicallv he' is a Eepublican. L. O. BIIOWN, farmer. P. 6. Orwell, was born July 1, lS3(i. m Orwell township, this county, on the farm now owned by G. W. Brown, and is a son of Uriah S. and Pearlie (Howe) Brown, the former of whom was born in West Chester county, N. Y., but came to this county in early times. He had a family of sixteen children, twelve of whom reached maturity, viz.: E. P., G. W., Mehetable (deceased), Nathan (deceased), L. O., Anouslus (deceased), James H., Sallie S., Almira (deceased), Mary, Henry (who was killed at the second battle of Bull Pun; he was a^nember of the Sixth Pennsvlvania Reserves), Lucy (married to John Eastman) and TerrissaJ." The father in early life was a shoemaker, carrying his kit from house to house, traveling sometimes on foot and sometimes on horseback, and there were but few of the early families of this section of the country in his day who did not know him, and avail themselves of his skill. He had purchased a home in the wilderness where, in a rude log house, he left his wife and young children alone for days, while he pursued his calling, making and mending shoes to pay for his farm; he was killed by being thrown from a wagon by a run-away team in 1865. L. O. Brown passed his boyhood on the old homestead and at the common schools. When twenty-one lie purchased afaim, and began farming, which he first followed 'in Windham, where he lived eight years ; then bought the farm he now occupies, com])rising one hundred and thirty acres, all finely imi)roved and well stocked. He was united in wedlock December 31," 1856, with Ellen, daughter of Jacob and Minerva (Tupper) Chubbuck, and to them have been born three chil- dren: Fred L., born October 11, 1860 (was educated in the common schools and at Orwell Hill Academy, and became a book-keeper in Wilkes- Barre ; he married Maggie Green); Ella M. (boi-n December 9, 1865, died February 19. 1879), and Frank H. (born Januarv 1, LS7L residing with his parents). The familv are all members of the Methodist 674 liISTOR\ OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Episcopal Cluircli, of which Mr. Brown is class leader and trustee. lie has been a member for over thirty years, and an earnest worker during- all that time. He belongs to the Prohibition party, and has held the office of school director, MORRIS C. BROWN, farmer, in Springfield township, P. O. Big Pond, was born February 28, 1837, in Chenango county, N. Y., a son of Benjamin and Didama (Crandall) Brown, the former a native of Massachusetts, and the latter of Chenango county. The father, who was a carpenter and farmer, removed to this county and settled, in 1840, near where the son, Morris C, now resides, and cleared a large farm. He raised a family of nine children, of whom our subject is the third in order of birth. One of the sons, Joseph B., served all through the Civil War, and was promoted from the ranks to be captain. The father, who was a man of influence, and a faithful Christian, died at the age of seventy-five years, and the mother at the age of seventy-six years. Morris C. Brown was reared on the farm, was educated in the schools of the town, and at his majority became a farmer. He was married July 28, 1861, to Harriet Leonard, of Springfield, who was born May 10, 1845, a daughter of Carlton and Diantha (Gates) Leonard, both families having been among the early settlers in the towniship ; her father was a teacher in early life, was sheriff of Luzerne county. Pa., and a merchant, and died at the age of seventy-five years, in Mercer county; her mother is living at the age of sixty years. To Mr. and ]\[rs. Brown have been born two children : Dora E., born Sej^tember 18. 1864. wife of Burdell Smith, a farmer of Springfield township; Mamie J., born May 21, 1867, wife of Els worth Grace, a farmer of Smith Held township. Mrs. Brown is a member of the Methodist Epis- copal Church. Mr. Brown is a Republican in })olitics, and a member of the International Fraternal Alliance of Baltimore, Md. He has a fine farm of one hundred and seventy acres, and his principal business is now sheep raising, formei'ly dairying. He is a good neighbor and a kind friend, respected bv allwho know him. OSCAR M. BROWN, farmer and stockgrower, P. O. AVest War- ren, was born October 27, 1858, on the place he now occupies in Orwell township, and is a son of George W. and Betsie (Morey) Brown, the former of whom was born in West Chester county, N. Y., in 1822, and came to this county with his fathei' when six years old, and helped to im])rove this farm, occupying an old log honse which stood close to the present site of the house. Grandfather Uriah S. Brown was one of the early pioneers. The mother was a native of this county, and when married resided where Dr. Conklin now lives. The father spent the greater portion of his life on the same farm, but about 1867 lie ))urchased one hundred and twenty-six acres of timber land in Warren township, and removed to it in 1884; spent three years there, and then proceeded to Nichols, N. Y., and i-etired from active life. He had a family of six children: Charles W. ISL l)rown, M. I)., of Elmirji, ; (ieorge I. of l)ubu(pi(% Iowa; Stephen A., deceasei-iin(lage, wei'o also natives of Oransre countv ; the father, who was a farmer, died in iiis native HISTORY OF HKADFORD COUNTY, (577 home in 1887, in his seventy-ninth year; the mother died in 1880 in her seventy-third year. The great-grandfather Iviraber was a soldier in the Revokitionary War. John L. Brundage, who is the fifth in a family of seven children, was reared in Orange county, N. Y., until the age of sixteen years, when he enlisted, Ai)ril 24, 1861, in Compan}^ 1), Eighteenth JST. Y. V. I. for two years; some of the engagements he participated in were the following : Seven Day's fight in the Penin- sular campaign. South Mountain, Antietam and Fredericksburg ; he was mustered out April 28, 1863; and in October, 1864, he re-enlisted in Company G. Fifteenth O. V. Y. I., and was in Sherman's March to the Sea. He was mustered out at Columbus, Ohio, in June, 1865, and returned to Orange county, IST. Y., where he remained about one year, and_ then went to Waverly, N. Y., where he engaged in the bakery business, and follovred that about one year, lie engaged in the liverv business about a year, then commenced the manufacture of wagons, and followed that business five years, and then farmed for eight years in Tioga county, near Waverly. In 1883 he removed to Savre, antl worked at his trade in the locomotive works about two years'^ and at building and contracting; he erected a hotel adjoining "'his dwelling house on Thomas avenue, which he completed in Februarv, 1891; it is 22x60 feet in size, three stories in height, containing seventeen rooms. Mr. Brundage was married in Sussex county, K J., in 1866, to Miss Cynthia J., daughter of Charles and Mary (Casterline) Newton, natives of New Jersey, but residents of Chemung countv, N. Y. Mrs. Brund- age was born in Sussex county, X. J.. August 21, 1846, and is the eldest in a family of eight daugh'ters. Mr. and Mrs. Brundage are the parents of two children, viz.: Charles K. and George A. Mrs. Brund- age is a member of Methodist Episcopal Church ; Mr. Brundage is a member of the G. A. R, Mallory Post, Xo. 285, and is post commander of the Union Yeterans Union, of Sayre ; is also a member of the Patri- otic Order Sons of America, and Sexennial League. He has served one term as school director in Tioga county, N.'Y., and was deputv postmaster at AVells Corners, Orange Co., N^Y., four vears. In politics Mr. Brundage is a Bepublican. G. C. BRUSTER, druggist, Sayre, is a native of Waverlv, X. Y., and was born October 3, 1862, a son of George N. and Rosannah H. (Ellison) Bruster, natives of Tioga countv, N. Y. The father was a mechanic, and died in Waverly in 1871,' in his forty-sixth year; the mother resides in Waverly. G. C. Bruster, who is the youngest in a family of three boys, was reared in Waverly, and received his educa- tion in the public scliools. At the age of sixteen he began clerking in a drug-store, which he followed until 1884, when he engaired in°the drug business in Waverly, and then came to Sayre in the^ spring of 1886, and commenced in the same line. He was married in Waverlv, in 1886, to Miss. Ilattie E., daughter of Albert and Frances (Penney) Mullock, natives of Orange county, N. Y. She is the eldest in a fami'lv of four girls, and was born in W.iverly, April 19, 1864. To Mr. and Mrs. Bruster were born two children— Ralph and Ethvlen. The family are members of the Baptist Churcli. Mr. Bruster is a member of the 38 6?8 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Iron Hall, Sexennial League, and International Fraternal Alliance. In politics he is a Republican. CAPTAIN JAMES BRYANT is a prominent manufacturer in the borough of Towanda. In peace and in war this gentleman's name is indelibly inscribed upon the records of his county and countr3\ He is a New Yorker by birth, born July 20, 1833, a son of Daniel Br\'ant, a family of Scotch-Irish descent ; the father was a skilled blacksmith by trade. Capt. James Bryant was reared in his native Columbia county, and Avas orphaned when a tender child, and found himself alone to do battle with a cold and cheerless world ; but his strong Scotch-Irish blood stood the lad well in hand, and he battled nobly with cold and hunger, and when he was seventeen years old bound himself an appren- tice to the wagon-maker's trade, serving three years; then worked at it as a journeyman, and the Civil War found him at his bench, but one of the first to volunteer as a private in the mustering squadron, and from private, by hard, meritorious service, he rose, step by step, to a captaincy in Company G, Fifth N. Y. C, in the three 3'ears' service. He was under fire two hundred times, and in the fiercest of the carnage at Chancellorsville, Antietam, Gettysburg, and many other sanguinary fields. His horse was killed under him at Hagerstown, antl he was taken prisoner. May 17, 1864, at Poe River, Ya., and was sent to Gordons- ville, Va., and had a taste of nearly all the horrors of prisons in the South ; finally was sent to Macon, Ga., but, taking desperate chances, he escaped and wandered by the dead of night, in hunger and terrible exposures, for many weary miles, but was re-captured and returned to the prison pens. Not crushed, though dreadfully sore of heart, he watched his opportunity and again made his escape, and, for- tunately, this time, blind chance led him to the lines of the Union Army, and he was saved, and the model skelet(jn was nursed back to life and, in time, mustered out of the service. During his entire service he had kept a diary of his ])ersonal movtMnents, which was taken from him when a prisonei", but it afterwai'd fell into the hands of another soldier, who carefully preserved it and returned it to its owner, when he met him at the general muster out at Washington. In the language of Horace Greeley, this little morceau will in the long future furnisli some " mio:htv interesting i-eading." His discharge bears date February 1, 1865, when he returned to liis native |)lace, and, in 1867, he came to Towanda to make his permanent home. He ])urcliased a small wagon shop and commenced the manufacture of vehicles in a small way, but has rapi0, 18-10, in Columbia township, this county on the farm where he now resides, and is a son of Albion and Aminta (Gernert) Budd ; his paternal grandfather. John Budd, a native of ^Nlaine and a ship-builder by trade, was among the pioneers of Columbia G80 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. township, settling on the farm now occupied by subject, and died there. Bv his wife, Poll}^ he had children as follows : Polly (Mrs. Phenias Clark), Phelina (Mrs. Daniel Watkins), Albion, Thomas and Achah, of whom Albion, father of Loudon Pudd cleared and improved most of the old homestead, and resided there until his death in 1856, at the age of fifty-eight. He was twice married, first time to Aminta, daughter of Peter and Ann (Budd) Gernert (pioneers of Tioga Point, and later of Columbia township, and who werenativ^es of Germany), and by her he had six children : Anna (Mrs. Ste))hen Wilbur), Emma (Mrs. John Van Wirt), Albion, Harriet (Mrs. Frank Parsons; has one daughter Harriet), Deborah and Loudon ; by his second wife, Celestia Parsons, he had two children : Mary (Mrs. Williard Harris, has one son, Loudon) and Sophia. Mr. Pudd was a soldier of the War of 1812, and a pen- sioner. The subject of this sketch was reared on the old homestead, where, with the exception of seven years, during which he lived in Elmira, he has always resided. He has been a buyer and dealer in stock since sixteen years of age. He married February 3, 1866, Catherine, daughter of Andrew and Ann (Case) Bowman, of Wells township, this county, formerly of Sussex county, N. J., and this union has been blessed with four sons : Albi(m L., Leon W., Andrew Tracy (who died at the age of six years) and Wesley L. (who died in infancy). Mrs. Budd is a member of the Baptist Church. Political!}^ Mr. Budd 1*** f\ /PI n or*T*?) t* PtUFOS C. BUFFINGTON, farmer and stockman. South Warren, is a native of Warren township, and was born on the spot where he resides, x\ugust 14, 1820, a son of Benjamin and Experience (Coburn) Buffing- ton, natives of Rhode Island and of English stock. Benjamin's father. Preserved Buffington, married an Arnold, and this old couple had nine children, of whom Benjamin, the second in order of birth, came with his father's family to this county in the fii'st years of this century, antl located in Warren township, where the parents spent the remainder of their lives among the earliest pioneers, of whom they were ])i'ominent and elficient factors in building up the new, wild country. The father improved a small farm, and died in 1851, his first wife and helpmeet having preceded him to the grave in 1823 (their family numbered five children, of whom liufus C. was the fourth); his second wife was Rebecca Coburn. who died in 1840; his third marriage was with Char- lotte Gridle}^ Rufus C. Bufiington has s|)ent his life on the spot where he was born. He was educated in a limited way in the neigh- borhood subscription schools, but learned practically and well how to farm, and now has eighty acres Hnely imi)roved land. He was mar- ried in Warren township.' December 24, 1843, to Catherine, (hiughtcr of Samuel and IMary (Abel!) Whcaton, natives of Rhode Island and of English origin, and to them were boi'U niiK^ children, of whom Cath- erine was tlje second (slxi grew to Avoman hood in Warren township, an industrious and frugal farmer's (hiughter, and died December 11, 1884, leaving a daughter, Emma E. (Mrs. Judson Murphy, married January 8, 1873) ; Judson Murpliy is the son of John W. and Delphine (Whit- aker) Mur[)hy, natives of New York and Pennsylvania, respectively; he was reared in Warren township, and since his marriage has made HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. G81 his home with his father-in-law, and manages the farm of liis father-in- law, and has sixty-three acres of liis own ; they have an adopted child, but no issue of their own. Rufus C. Eutfington has held the local office of commissioner and collector, and in politics is a liei)ublican. HIEAM E. 13ULL, county surveyor, P. O. Towanda, with resi- dence in East Towanda, was born in Orwell, this county, April 16, 1854, and is a son of Edward C. and Mary A. I. (Stevens) Bull, natives of Connecticut and Pennsylvania, respectively, and of English origin. In their family there were seven children, of whom Hiram E. is the eldest. He was reared on the farm, educated in the common schools, and the Susquehanna Collegiate Histitute. At twenty he began life teaching, and taught eight terms. In 1877 he resigned his place in the Neath School to accept a position in the city engineer's office at Will- iamsport. Pa., where he remained for three years ; then located in Towanda and engaged in civil engineering and surveying. In 188(> he was elected county surveyor, and re-elected in 1889. He is a Repub- lican, On December 29, 1881, Mr. Bull married A. Elizabeth Frisbie, a graduate of Elmira College, Elmira, N. Y., class of 1878. She was born in Orwell, this county, January 2, 1855, and is the eldest daughter of Aaron Gaylord and Ordelia (Darling) Frisbie, natives of Orwell. Mr. and Mrs. Bull have two children : Mary Ordelia, born February 20, 1886, and Isabelle, born September 21, 1888. Mr. and Mrs. Bull are members of the Presbyterian Church. JOSEPH BULL, farmer, Monroe township, P.O. Liberty Corners, was born in what is now Elkland township, Sullivan Co., Pa., Febru- ary 2, 1818, the son of Francis and Elizabeth (Lambert) Bull, natives of England. They came to America in 1801, and settled in Elkland, where they remained thirtv years, and then removed to the farm adjoining Joseph's on the west ; they had fourteen children, of whom our subject is the seventh. Jose})h Bull was reared on the farm, educated in the common school, and began life for himself at twenty- one, farming and lumbering, which he followed four years. He purchased his present home in 1842, and the next year he moved there, where he has since resided. Mr. Bull was married May 29, 1842, to Miss Anna, daughter of George and Margaret (Reed) Irvine, of Monroe;" she died April 9, 1881; they have three living children: James A., born April 22, 1846, carpenter and joiner, Towanda, married Miss Ann Sill, daughter of Joseph Sill, of Durell ; Florence M., born February 15, 1854, and Francis P., born February 15, 1859, farmer, Monroe, married Miss Mary, daughter of Daniel and Lydia (Hollon) Cook (they have two children : Harr}' and Maud). The family attend the Methodist Episcopal Church, and are strongly Democratic in their political views. C. W. BULLARD, clothier, Athens, is a native of Wyoming county. Pa., born January 16, 1851, a son of Thadeus F. (a farmer) and Editha (Pneunian) Bullard, the former a native of Pennsylvania, the latter of Connecticut. C. W. Bullard, who is the third in a family of eight children, received a public-school education, and in 1872 he entered Sterling & Son's store at Meshoppen, Pa., and clerked two and one-half years ; then went to Nebraska, remaining there until the spring 082 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. of 1882, when he returned to Athens. On March 20, 1883, he started in business for himself, where he is now located, and handles fine clothing-, boots and shoes, furnishing goods, etc.; the merchant tailor- ing- department is under the iirm name of Bullard & Mott, and is in the rear of the store room. Mr. Bullard has made his own wax^ in life. He was married in Fremont, Neb., October 22, 1879. to j\[iss Mar\'^ Tawney, who died in 1882; b}' this union there were two children: Ruth and Walter (latter deceased), Mr. Bullard was married, the sec- ond time, in Athens, December 27, 1883, to Miss Ella, daughter of Robert and Elizabeth (Thompson) Patterson (she is the second in a family of four children), and by tiiis union there is one child, Jessie. Mr. Bullard is a member of the I. O. O. F., Athens Lodge, No. 105 ; also of the Sexennial League. Politicall}' he is a Democrat, and has serv^ed one term as councilman. C. E. BULLOCK, farmer, Big Pond, was born in Smithfield town- ship, this county, December 4, 1845, a son of Isaac F. and Lucinda (Williams) Bullock, former of whom removed from Bristol, P. L, to this county when a boy, and settled in Columbia township with his father. The family trace their ancestry back to the " Maj'flower." The grandfather, Asa Bullock, was man}^ years an extensive cotton- mill owner, and was among the early settlers of Columbia. Ilis mother is a native of Smithfield townsliip, and removed with her father to Springfield in an early day, settling on the farm on which C. E. Bullock now resides, and on this property is the celebrated pond after which the postoffice is named. The farm comprises one hundred and fifty acres, under a fine state of cultivation, and productive ; there is also a feed mill on the place, which Mr. Bullock manages. He is the fourth in a famil}' of six children — five boys and one girl ; one of the brother's, Darius, was in the Civil War, participating in many hard- fought battles. Their father Avas an adjutant in the State Militia and held many offices of public trust in the township. Mr. Bullock's grand- father, Williams, was nearly related to the founders of Willliams College, A''ermont ; he cleared u]) the farm which Mr. Bullock now owns, and operated two sawmills at one time on the place. Mr. Bullock was married IVfarch 31, 1881. to Addie Leonard, daughter of Clement and Orpha (Havens) Leonard, former of whom came here when a boy with his father from Springfield, Mass., and were among the early settlers ; he died at the age of thirty-five years. Mrs. ]>ullock's brother, Tim, was a soldier in the Civil War, having enlisted twice. Mr. Bullock takes an active interest in matters, both public and l^i'ivate. Hi [)olitics he believes in a government for the masses and not for the few. No children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Bullock. C. E. lUfLLOCK, insurance agent, Canton, is a native of Canton, Bradford Co., Pa., born December 16, 1858, a son of Jesse E. and Betsey G. (Gerould) Bullock. Jesse E. Bullock was a native of Ver- mont, a merchant by occupation, and served as justice of the peace a number of 3'^ears ; ho died in Canton, in September, 1875, in his sev- enty-tliii-d year. Mrs. Bullock died in June, 1890, in her sixty-ninth year. The subject of this memoir, who is the only child by this mar- riage, was reareil in Canton and i-eceived his education in tlie borough HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. (;S3 schools, attending also Lafayette (JolJege two yeaj's. lie was editoi- and ))ro|)rietor of the (kuiton Sentinel two years; then i-ead law under I\I. E. Lilley, and was admitted to the bar in 1884-. lie only jn-acticed his profession about two yea,rs ; was assistant cashier ot the First National Bank of Canton one yeai', and became a member of the insurance firm of Krise cSt Bullock in February, 1890, in which busi- ness he has since been engaged. Mr. Bullock was married in Canton, this county, in 1891, to Georgia, daughter of Ilolister Catlin. Mr. Bullock is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, Canton Lodge, No. 415, Troy Cha])ter, No. 2G1, and Canton Commandery, No. 64. Polit- ically he is a Republican. Mrs. Bullock is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. GEORGE E. BULLOCK, capitalist, Canton, is a native of LeRays- ville, this county, and was born January 15, 1844; his parents, Jesse E. and Margaret W. (Wright) Bullock, were natives of Vermont and Connecticut, respectively. Jesse E. Bullock removed from Smithtield to Canton in 1858; he was a merchant, and died in Canton in 1875. in his seventieth year. Mrs. Bullock died in LeRaysville in 1848. Darius Bullock, great-grandfather of George E., was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. George E. Bullock is the eldest, and only one now living, of his parents' two sons; he was reared in LeRaysville until five years of age, when his pai'ents removed to Smithfield, wdiere they resided about nine years, and then came to Canton. He received an academic education ; clerked in his father's store, and afterwai'd was associated with him in business several years. In 1809 he went West and was engaged in the hotel business in Fort Scott, Ivans., and in various other business enterprises, spending most of his time in Fort Scott while in the West ; he returned in 1872, and was engaged with Burke, Thomas & Co. about four years. After his father's death he settled up the estate, and engaged in the grocery business, until November, 1890, wiien he sold his store. He was married in Canton, in 1870, to Harriet E., daughter of John and Patience (Hughes) Carr, natives of Tioga and Bradford counties, respectively; she was born in this county, and is the eldest of a family of three children. To Mr. and Mrs. George E. Bullock were born three children : Jesse E., How- ard C. and Margaret M. Mrs. Bullock is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Bullock is a member of the Masonic Frater- nity, Canton Lodge, No. 415, Troy Chapter, No. 261, and Canton Commandery, No. 64; is also a member of the G. A. R., Ingham Post, No. 91. He has served three terms as a member of the borough council, and in politics he is a Republican. WILLIAM A. BULLOCK, Big Pond, was born December 27, 1839, in Smithfield, a son of Isaac F. and Lucinda Bullock. His mother, Lucinda Williams Bullock, was a native of Springfield town- ship, and his father of Rehoboth, Mass., wlio came to this State in 1817 with his father, Asa Bullock, a large owner of cotton mills at one time. He settled in Columbia township. Isaac F. Bullock, who was a man of influence and a member of the Universalist Ciiurch, died at the age of sixty-six years. William T. Williams, father of Mrs. Lucinda Bullock, was an old settler in Springfield, formerly of Massa- 684 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. chusetts, whose near relatives were the founders of WilHams College in that State. He owned a large tract of land of over two hundred and fifty acres, a part of which William A. now owns; his mother died at the age of forty years. William, who was the eldest of the family, was married first in June, 1868, to Carrie Harkness, who died in May, 18Y6. His second marriage was August 29, 1877, with Edith, daughter of Joseph and Orpha Clark. Her father, who was a native of Ireland, came to this countrv when a voung man. About the time of his marriage a terrible misfortune came to him, in the total loss of eyesight, but that did not make him discouraged, as some would have been, and by the united efforts of iiiraself and his estimable wife he bought and paid for a good farm. His wife, Orpha, was born in Hector, N. Y.;her childhood was spent in Monroe and her girlhood in Springfield. She was educated in the common schools, and became an excellent teacher ; taught several N^ears at Chemung, N. Y., and in llidgebury and Springfield. She was married tirst to Clement Leonard, by whom she had three children : Ada, who died at the age of two and one-half years, and Tim and Ada, who are yet living. Her second marriage occurred with Joseph Clark, by whom five children were born: Edith, Martha, Katie, Johnnie (now deceased) and Willis; she died in 1881, loved and respected by all. Edith C. Bullock, wife of the subject of this sketch, was born in July, 1851. She was a successful teacher before her marriage. Will- iam and Edith have had five children born to them : Grace, born January 28, 1879, who died at the age of eight months; Blanche A., born March 19, 1880; Harrv C, born January 18, 1882 ; Marv H., born February 10, 1884; and Katie C, born September 25, 1887." Mr. Bul- lock is a Republican, has been a justice of the peace ten years, and is serving his third term, which will make fifteen years in all; he was a charter member of the Grange, and first master.* The postoffice has been in the family many years, and is now kej)t by Mi's. Bullock, who has been postmistress nearly eleven years. Mr. Bullock has a small farm, which he manages himself. He is a man with many friends. GEORGE L. BUNYAN, farmer, P. O. Granville CentVe, was born, October 7, 1854, on the old homestead in Granville township, this county, where he now resides, a S(m of AVilliam and Roselta M. (Fitz-Gerold) Banyan. The father, who was a native of Melrose, Scotland, and a car- l)enterbv trade, settled in Granville township about 1838, and cleai'cd and improved the farm now occupied by his sons, George L. and Andrew, and died there. He was the father of eleven children; as follows : Mary (Mrs. John Jackson), Ann (Mrs. S. C. Wright), William, Silas (killed at Fort Johnson, North Carolina, July 3, 1863), Andrew, Frank (a soklier in the Civil War). Margaret (]\[rs. Newton Landon), Jeannette (AErs. (). Shepard), Eltie (Mrs. J. W. Duart), George E. and Alice (^[rs. Dayton Saxton). (Jeoi'ge L. Bunyan was reared on the old homestead where he has always resided. In November, 1876, he married Charlotte, daughter of Albert and Sarah (Andrews) Barnes, of Granville, and has seven children : Roderick, James, Sarah, Carrie, Maggie, Helen and Rush. Mr. Bunyan is one of the enterprising and progressive farmers of Granville. In politics he is a Republican. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. G85 MARCUS E. BURCll, drover, P. O. Auburn Four Corners, was born in Susquehanna county. Pa., November 20, 1853, and is a son of It. II. and Palnia (Harris) Burch, residents of Susquehanna county, former of whom has always followed farming, and latter is a daugh- ter of Milton Harris, a prominent mill-owner and farmer of Susque- hanna county, and a leader in the financial and political affairs of his county. R. H, and Palma Burch had a family of five children, viz., Marcus E.; O. P. Y., a stockman of Colorado ; Milton P., a partner of the above; L. H., a mine owner in Leadville, Col., and V. D., a farmer on the old homestead. Marcus E. Burch was born and reared on a farm, at the age of sixteen commencing business for himself, and with the exception of the years 1888 and 1880 spent in the stone busi- ness in Scranton, Pa., he has resided on a farm in Susquehanna county, where he was engaged in farming and stock dealing; in the spring of 1891 he removed temporarily to Silvara. Pie was married December 10, 1878, to Luzella Lowe, only child of William C. Lowe, a prominent farmer of Susquehanna county, and this union was blessed with three children: Amelia, Emory and Ennis. The mother of these children died August 10, 1889. Mr. Burch is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Meshoppen, and is a Republican in politics. BURCHILL BROTHERS. Arthur H., and Abraham B. and William, manufacturers and dealers in marble and granite monuments and all kinds of cemetery work, Towanda, are natives of Chemung county, N. T., and sons of Richard and Catherine (Driscoll) Burchill, natives of County Cork, Ireland, who came to America in 1854, and settled in Chemung county, N. Y., where their father engaged in business as a contractor, in which he continued until his death. The subjects of this sketch were reared in Chemung county, N. Y.; each served three years' ap])renticeship at the marble-cutter's trade, the second elder in Elmira, N. Y., and the youngest in Towanda. They established themselves in business in Tow^anda in May, 1878, where by careful attention to business they have built up a^successful trade. Arthur H. was born in 1854, and was married January 27, 1880, to Margaret L., daughter of John L. and Mary (O'Connor) Murphy, of Susquehanna county, Pa. Abraham B. was born in 1856, and was married N"ovember 23, 1881, to Annie, daughter of Peter and Kathe- rine (Waters) McDonald, of Sullivan county, Pa., and has five children, viz.: Katherine, Ellen, Annie, John and Mary. The junior member of the firm, William, was born in 1857, and married Mav 20, 1890, to Mary, daughter of Thomas and Mary (Ronan) Kendrick, of Towanda township. All the members of the firm are members of the Catholic Ciiurch, and in politics are Independent. ISAAC BURK, engineer, and postmaster at Say re, is a native of Easton, Pa., born April 9, 184-1, a son of Jacob and Sarah (Moser) Burk, the former a native of New Jersey and the latter of Pennsyl- vania. The father, who was a butcher, died near Trenton, in 1850 ; the mother now resides in South Easton. Isaac Burk is the second in a family of three boys, of whom one died at the age of nine; his elder brother, Andrew, was killed in the Civil War at the battle of Cedar Creek, Ya. Isaac Burk left Easton when he was eleven years 680 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COL'NTY. old. and worked on a farm nntil lie was eif^htcen years of a^e ; then began an apprenticeship at the saddler's trade, working a short time. He responded to the call of his country for troops by enlisting, in August, 1802, in the nine-months' service, in Company C, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth, P. V. I., and went to the front; some of the important engagements he participated in were the battles of Second Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. He was discharged at Harrisburg, May 8, 1863, and re-enlisted in December, same year, in Company E, Forty-seventh P. V. V. I., and was with his regiment through the Ped River Campaign, under Banks ; also in the battles of Mansfield, Pleasant Hill and Kane River, and was injured while helping to build a dam across Red river at Alexander; was with Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley, battles of Winchester, Fishers Hill and Cedar Creek, Va. He was mustered out at Charles- ton Citv, December 25, 1865. Mr. Burk was married. August 8, 1S6S, to Edna, daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth (Decker) Kilpatrick, natives of Pennsylvania (she is the second in a family of six children, and was born in Freemansburg, Pa., July 22, 1850). To Mr. and Mrs. Burk were born four children : William H.. Sarah, Elizabeth and Edna. After returning from the army, our subject worked two years in the Bethlehem Iron Works, and in 1869 went on the Lehigh Valley Rail- road as brakeman, and a year later began firing ; in Juh^, 1875, he was promoted to engineer, which position he held until December, 18!)0, when he was appointed acting postmaster at Sayre. He is commander of Mallory Post, No. 285, G. A. R., Dei)artment of Pennsylvania; a member of E. P. Hayden Command, Xo. 18, Union Veterans Union ; also a member of Sayre Division, No. 280, B. of L. E. Politically he is a Republican, and received the appointment as postmaster, March 17, 1891, for four vears. CHARLES^ R. BURRITT, jeweler, Sayre, is a native of Delaware, Ohio, and was born October 8, 1855 ; a son of Rev. Charles D. and Orpha lanthe (Randall) Burritt, the former a native of Ithaca and the latter of Camden, N. Y. Rev. C. D. Burritt was a minister of the ]\retliodist Ei)iscopal Church, and was president of the Delaware Sem- inary, Delaware, Ohio, when he died. May 7, 1856, in his thirty-third year; his widow survives. Tiie Burritts are of the same family as Elihu Burritt, "the learned blacksmith," of Massachusetts. Charles, who is the only child by the second wife, was graduated at the Fre- donia State Normal School in the summer of 1875 ; then went to Ith- aca, where he learned the jeweler's trade, and worked until 1881, when he moved to Bradford ; remained there nine months, and then returned to Ithaca and there resided until 1886 ; thence went to Bal- timore, and worked for one of the most prominent jewelers in that place about fourteen months, when he came to Sayre and started a jewelry store in May, 1887. In the fall of 1890 he completed a new brick block, 85x26," south of the " Wilbur House;" the hall above, owned by Burritt i*c Teed, is 50x26, and is well-fitted and furnished for a Lodge room, where thirteen diffei'ent Orders meet. Mr. Burritt was mari'ied, in Itiiaca, X. Y., in 1883. to Miss Emma I)., daughter of Horace and Harriet A. (Steemburg) Presher, the former a native of HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. G87 Tioga county, and the hitter of Saratoga county, 'N. Y.; Mr. Fresher was a fanner, and a soldier in the Civil War; was taken prisoner and was confined in Anderson ville prison eleven months, which ruined his health, and, lingering, he died in 1ST2 in his forty-second year; his widow resides in Ithaca. Mrs. l)urritt is the second in a family of three children that grew to maturity, and was born in Tioga countv, jST. Y., December 14, 1860. To Mr.\and Mrs. Burritt were^born two children, viz.: Nina May and Edna Lillian. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; he is a member of the Patriotic Order Sons of America, Equitable Aid Union and International Fra- ternal Alliance. In politics he is a Republican. D. M. BURROUGHS, farmer, Franklin township, F. O. West Franklin, was born in Delaware county, N. Y., November 15, 1829, a son of Iliram and Catherine (Griffin) Burroughs, both of whom were born in Delaware county, N. Y.; they came to this county in 18i2, located in LeRoy township, and after one year removed to Monroeton, where they resided three years, after which they moved to Franklin township where they resided until their death. The father died Feb- ruary 27, 1875, at the age of sixty-nine years; the mother survived him seven years. Hiram Burrouglis improved and cleared a farm of sixty acres of valuable land. His family were nine in number — four sons and five daughters— seven of whom are now living. The subject of this sketch, who is the fourth in the family, was reared and edu- cated in Franklin township, and always lived and worked on a farm. On September 10, 1851, he married, at West Franklin, Miss Matilda, daughter of George and Ellen Robinson, and to them have been born tliree sons, as follows: Daniel G., married to Delilah, daughter of John and Eliza McKeel ; Remona, married for his first wife to Clara Robinson, and for his second to Miss Ella Green; and "Mc," his youngest son, who still remains single. Mr. Robinson was one of the early settlers in Towanda, and a weaver by trade, formerly from Fhil- adelphia, but a native of Scotland; he was a Revolutionary soldier. Mr. Burroughs depends mostly upon dairying, but is at the same time a general farmer. There is a mineral spring (sulphur) on his farm ; he has a valuable. sand-bank of two grades of superior building sand. ]\Ir. and Mrs. Burroughs are members of the Church of Christ ARTHUR B. BURROWS, Stevensville, was born October IC, 1849, a son of Joshua and Harriet C. (Boswick) Burrows, former of whom is a representative of an old New England family, his mother being a descendant of the White family, who came over on the "May- flower." The father, who is a cabinet-maker by trade, came to Pike township, this county, in 1810, locating on the' farm now owned by his son, Arthur B., and later engaged in mercantile business at Stev- ensville, but is now living in Gibson, Pa. In his family there are six children, of whom ilrthur B. is the fifth. Our subject was reared on the farm he now owns, and was educated in the common school, and at Fort Edward Institute. He began life for himself, at the age of twenty-one, in mercantile business at Stevensville, where he remained ten years, and has since been employed as traveling salesman. He was married January 31, 1873, to Mary Alice Devine, and by her has 688 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUXIY. one child, Fay Arthui-, born December 13, 1873. This wife dying-, Mr. Burrows married, August 19, 1879, for his second. Anna E., daughtei" of Tliomas and Emeline (Whitney) Lyon, former a native of New York, of English-Quaker lineage, and the latter a native of Pennsylvania, of English and French origin, Mr. and Mrs. Burrows have two children : Urban J., born April lu, 1880, and Helen L., born October 21, 18S3. Mrs. Burrows is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. J\[r. Burrows is a stanch, zealous, life-long Democrat. He purchased his present home in 3 877, and has since erected the jfinest residence in Pike township. J. K. BUSH, a prominent clothier and dealer in gents' furnishing goods, Towanda, is a native of Stroudsburg, Pa., and is a son of John B. and Catherine B. (Detrick) Bush, the former a native of Hartfoi-d, Conn., and the latter of Berks county, Pa. J. K. Bush, was reared in Stroudsburg and Philadelphia, received a common-school education, and in 1865 located in Xew York City, where, for a time, he was emploved in a wholesale clothing establishment, and for several years was engaged as a contractor in painting and frescoing. In 1873 he came to Towanda, and embarked in his present business on Bridge street, where he continued a successful trade until the spring of 1891, when, to accommodate his increasing patronage, he removed to Main street, where he does an extensive business, occupying two large floors and carrying one of the largest stocks of goods to be found in Bi'ad- ford county. He was married November 19, 1870, to Elizabeth Fl, daughter of Edward Lamden, of New Rochelle, N. Y., by whom he has one son, Johnson L. Mr. Bush is a gentleman of industry and energy, and is a liberal and enterprising citizen. He is an attendant of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics is a Republican. ELLIHU I)UTTLES, farmer and stock grower, of Orwell township, P. O. South Hill, is a son of Jarves and Sarah AnnClIorton) Buttles, and was born in Orwell township, November 28, 1851 Jarves Buttles was one of the i)rominent citizens of his day, and was born in Connec- ticut, October 16, 1800; he was twice married — the first time, October 21, 1828, to Alma Cowdrey, who was born August 19, 1805, and died July 2, 1843. By this marriage there were the following children : Otis J., born January 1, 1830, now of Herrick ; Lester F., boi'n April 2,1831, died June, 1883; Emily J., born October 28, 1832, married to Lero}' Ilathway; Harlow J., born May 17, 1834; Samuel F., born January 5, 1836, died May 14, 1884 (was a member of the One Hun- dred and Forty-lirst Regiment, and received a gun-shot wound in the back, at the battle of Gettysburg, which finally caused his death); Eliza M., born October 20, 1838, married to Thonuis Smith; Juliana, born Deceinl)er 10, 1840, died January 12, 1860; Elizabeth A., born Decoinber 12. 1842, married to G. M. J'rince. For his second wife he mari'ied, March 7, 1848, Sarah Ann Horton, born October 8, 1816, a daughter of John Horton, of Rome, and by this union there are two children, viz. : Levisa, born May 27, 1850, married to Jason Forbes, and Ellihu ; the mother of these children died August 7, 1881 ; and father October 5, 1890. Jarves Buttles came to Oi-wcll townslii]* in February, 1817; he was a manufacturer of wooden bowls, and built HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 689 a factory ; he was an eloquent Methodist jireacher, and the first justice of the peace in this section. He performed many marriiige ceremonies and received all Icinds of payments ; there is a gentleman yet living in this county who split two hundred fence rails for Mr. Buttles to pay for his marriage ceremony. He was elected to the office of county commissioner; he was postmaster of South Hill over forty years, that office never having been out of the Buttles family. Ellihu liuttles was born and reared on the farm he now occupies, and attended the district school until nineteen years of age, securing a good common-school education. He engaged in farming on his pleasant place, containing about forty acres, a part of the old homestead, which at one time contained over tw^o hundred acres. He has been twice married, the first time December ;]1, 1872 .to Ellen Atwood, daughter of George Atwood. She dying February 16, 1883, Mr. Buttles was married April 8, 1884, to Mary E., daughter of Edward and Elizabeth (Barnes) Clark, of Standing Stone, who had a family of six children, of whom Mrs. Buttles is the eldest, born April 26 1862; her youth was spent in Standing Stone, where she received her earlier education, and she afterward attended the Towanda Collegiate Institute; tlien at seventeen 3'ears of age she commenced teaching, which profession she followed several years. To Mr. and Mrs. EUihii Buttles lias been born one child, Dora M. Mr. Buttles is a Republican in politics. S. S. BUTTS, farmer and apiarist, Wyalusing township, P. O. Wyalusing, was born in Monroe county, Pa. May 25, 1833, son of Peter and Mary (Place) Butts, the former of whom was born in Noi'th- ampton county, Pa., in 1801, and the latter in Monroe county. Pa., in 1810. His paternal ancestors were from Germany, and the' ances- tors on his mother's side were from Holland and Scotland. His father when fifteen years of age removed to Monroe county, where he married, learned blacksmithing, and worked at his trade until 1843, when he removed to Mehoopany township, Wyoming county, and devoted him- self to farming, until his death in 1879. They had a family of thirteen children, viz.: Hannah (deceased); William,'^a brick manufacturer and grower of tropical fruit, of Sorrento, Lake Co., Fla.; Susanna M., married to L. G. Burgess, farmer of Susquehanna count v; Catherine (deceased) ; Samuel (deceased) ; S. S. (subject) ; James P. (deceased) ; Charles resides on the old homestead ; Jerome S. (deceased) ; John P. (deceased) ; Theodore W. (deceased) ; Leonora F. and Frank H. (deceased). Our subject ])assed his boyhood in Mehoopany, was educated in the common schools and Wyoming Seminary, and began his career as a teacher, which he successfully followed 'many years, having a professional cei'tificate granted iiini. After fourteen 'years thus spent he turned his attention to farming and that, combined" with various other occupations, he has followed until the present. The years 1874 to 1886 he devoted to the organizing of the Order of Good Templars in Bradford and adjoining counties. "Lithe spring of 1866 he purchased his present farm and removed to l^radford countv, where he has eighty acres of tinely im|)rove(i land which he has Avrll stocked, also owms the old homestead in Wyoming county, which contains one hundred aiul thirty -six acres. He is largely engaged in 690 HISTORY OF I5KADF0RI) COUNTY. the bee culture, to which lie devotes much attention, especialW to the rearing of queen bees for market ; he has large apiaries on each of his farms. Mr. Butts was married December 1, 1864, to Ursula C. Bowen, daughter of Elias S. Bowen, of Wyoming county, and they have had two children born to theni : Mary L., born February 8, 18671 died June 15, 1886, and George E., born February 19, 1871. Mr. Butts, although not connected with any church, is an earnest Christian worker, and to him is largel}'- due the erection of the beautiful union chapel of Lime Hill, which was erected in 1881 ; also the organization of the public library of that place; politically he is identified with the Prohibition party. JOHN N. CALIFF, attorney at law, Towanda, was born in Smith- Held township, Bradford Co., Pa., May 29, 1839, and is a son of Ilosea and Mary (Pierce) Calijff. Stephen Califf, his paternal grand- father, came from Vermont to Bradford county in 1816, and settled in Smithfield township, clearing and improving a farm, on which he resided until his death. Hosea Califf also cleared a farm in SmitliHeld township, and died there in 1881. John N. Califf was reared in Brad- ford county, and was educated in the common schools, afterward attended Waverly Institute, Waverly. X. Y.; he read law with Over- ton & Montanye, of Towanda, and was admitted to the bar in May, 1864. For several years he was deputy register and recorder of Brad- ford county, and in 1871 he began the active practice of law in Towanda, and is recognized as a leading member of the Bradford county bar; he Avas district attorney for Bradford county in 1875-6-7. He was in the Civil War, enlisting in August, 1862, in Company 1>, One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I., and after six months'' service he was honorabl\^ discharged on account of disability. Mr. Califf married, in 1865, Rosa, daughter of James McCabe, of Towanda. He is a member of the E|>isco])al Church, and is a Sir Knight Templar, Scottish Rite. Politically, he is a Republican. REV. STEPHEN A. CALIFF, Presbyterian clergyman. East Smithfield. was born in East Smithfield townshij), this countv, Febru- ary 29, 1836, a son of Allen and Hannah (Thomas) Califf, Wnier a native of Vermont, and latter of Rhode Island, of English descent; the family trace their ancestry to the year 1699. Gen. AVarren, of Bunker Hill fame, was related to our subject's family on the mother's side. •Grandfather Califf came to East Smithfield townsiiip in 1816, when his son Allen was four years of age. and here as a ]>ioneer he commenced farming. Rev. Stephen A. Califf. who is the eldest of tiiree children, was prepared for college at the Susquehanna (.'ollegiate Institute, Towanda. was graduated from Jefferson College and Princeton Theo- logical Seminary, and ordained in 1867. He first located as pastor at West Newark, Tioga Co., N. Y., three years ; then spent two years in ministerial labor in Wells township, this county, and three years at Mclntyre, Lycoming county, whence, owing to fniling health, he came to East Smithfield and remained till August, 1881, when he returned to Mclntyre, where he remained till 1884. in December of which year lieagain came to Smithfield where, in Ajjrilof the following y(;ar, he became pastor of the Congi'egational Church in the town of East Smithfield. Mr. Califf was married April 27, 1865, to Emily Matthews, HISTORY 01-- MHADFORI) COl'XTY. 691 wlio was boi-n in Orwell, August 13, 18;'.3, the third in a. family of seven children of Sa-nmel and l>etsy W. (Fletcher) Matthews, former a native of Connecticut, and latter of Vermont ; the Fletchers trace their ancestry back to Robert Fletcher, who was born in 1592. Mr. and JVLrs. Califlf have had born to them live children, as follows: Alden M., born January 29, 18G6, was graduated from the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda, and is now at Princeton College: Alice L. and Casper A., born July 20, 1868, attending the Institute at Towanda : Martha and Grace died in infancy. Mrs. Califlf's grand- mother, Fletcher was a Ballou, niece of HoseaBallou and a cousin of President Garfiekl's mother. Mr. Califf owns and manages a farm, and is still officiating as pastor of the Congregational Church at East Smithfield. In politics he is a Republican. He is beloved by his Con- gration and a wide circle of friends. CHARLES O. CAMP, manufacturer of spokes. Camptown, was born in Wyalusing township, Bradford Co., Pa., October 19, 1865, a son of J. D. and Mary A. (Smith) Camp, natives of Wyalusing township, and is the third in a family of four children ; the eldest, Stella, married M. II. Rockafellow, a blacksmith now residing in New York ; Alice, the second, died when twelve years of age; the youngest, also named Alice, married Elmer Cox, a '^farmer of Pike township. Charles O. Camp was born and reared on a farm, was educated in the common schools, and at the Camptown Academy; when twenty years of age he began to learn the carpenter and joiner's trade, working a year with W. B. Camp, and two years with J. W. Lathrop ; he entered the employ of C. H. Amsby and operated the spoke tlepartment of the hitter's factory at Camptown, also learning carding, etc. In this position he remained until 1891, when he leased the factory and has since been haying a successful trade in both carding and spoke manufacturing, he being a skilled mechanic and machinist. Mr. Camp was married to Mary Graham, a daughter of Richard Graham, a farmer of AVyalusing; politically he is identified with the Republican party. GEORGE S. CAMP, farmer, P. O. He>-rick, was born near Camp- town, this county, June lY. 1819. His father, Isaac Camp, was born near Hartford, Conn., January 25, 1782. His grandfather. Job Camp, was also a native of Connecticut. Isaac Camp came to Camptown in 1800, and served an apprenticeship to the millwright trade, during which time he married, February 10, 1803, Mary Polly Lacey, the eldest daughter of Ebenezer and Lydia (Pratt) "^Lacey, of Luzerne county, Pa., and removed to New York State. He hadVorked at his trade several years, and his family had increased to six, when he came back to this county and located In Wyalusing township, in the year 1816. In 1825 he purchased a farm'^in Ilerrick township, on which he remained the rest of his life, as a farmer and millwright, and died January 3, 1861 ; his wife died in February, 1876, in her ninety- second year. They had nine children : Clark C.'', Isaac, Joseph, Lydia A. (wife of M. Weldon), Albert G., Marietta (wife of (Miarles ()ver- peck), George S., Clarissa (wife of J. S. Crawford) and Thaddeus S. George S. Camj) came to Ilerrick township in 1825, in his sixth year, and attendetl what is said to have been the first school in Ilerrick 692 HISTORY OF IJKADFOKI) COUNTY. townsliij). Tliis he attended nine years; his first teacher being Han- nah Smith, who afterward married his brother, Joseph Camp. After leaving school he helped his fatlier until his twenty-sixth 3'ear, when, in 1845. he married Maria Jenninfjs, a dauo:hter of John and Sarah (Overpeck) Jennings, the second in a family of seven children, five of whom are living. In 1849 he purchased, from his brother Joseph, a house and lot, in which he now lives. In 1850 his father divided the propertv, and George S. received, as his share, fort}" acres adjoining his first purchase. He has spent his whole life farming. He built his barn in 1851, and an addition to his house in 1859. Mr. Camp is a member of Wyalusing Baptist Church, and is a Republican. He and his wife have had four children : Emma, wife of C. J. Yosburg ; Lou- isa, wife of C. C. Wood; Lydia O., wife of George J. Johnson; and Priscilla. WILLIAM HENRY CAMP, wagon-maker and blacksmith, Spring Hill, was born in Pike township, this county, November 4, 1831, and is a son of Daniel and Harriet(Bosworth)Camp. natives of Pennsylvania, and of New England origin; in their father's family there were the following- children : William Henry, Theodore A., Charlotte M. (deceased), Irene G. (now Mrs. George Smith, of Philadelphia, Pa.), Reed B. and Daniel W. Our subject began life for himself at twenty-one, blacksmithing at Inghamtown, this county, remaining there two 3"ears, then went to Laceyville where he worked at his trade six years, removing to Camp- town where he worked a year and a half; then came to Spring Hill, where he has since been engaged in manufacturing and repairing all kinds of wagons, and doing general blacksmithing; indeed, it might be said that he is the only first-class wagon-maker in Tuscarora township, and has succeeded in his business generally. Mr. Camp was married October 10, 1855, to Miss Jennie, daughter of Israel and Eliza (Wells) Buck, of Wyalusing, and they have five children, viz.: Eldridge AVeston (born June"^7, 1858, died May 18. 1885), Lottie Estella (born March 10, 1861, now ]Mrs. Lewis Rutan, of Wvalusing), Elzia Harriet (born Julv 11, 18()8. died September 28, 1884), Perrin Wells (born October 2, 1872) and Victor Eugene (born May 13, 187(5). The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Spring Hill, and he is a member of the F. & A. M. at Laceyville. In politics he is an nnyielding advocate of the principles of Prohibition. A. J. CAMPBELL, a farmer in South Creek township, P. O. Wells- burg, N. Y., was born in Ridgel)ury township, this county, July 13. 1832, a son of John and Mercy (Worden) Campbell. His mother died when he was two days old, and wdien two weeks old he was adopted into the family of Calvin West, who was captain of a company of militia, and was known as " Capt. West;" he was an extensive lumber manufacturer and an entorjirising man in all branches of business; he built several sawmills in his time, and was the founder of the gristmill at Wellsburg, X. Y.; also erected several dwelling houses; he ]iur- chast'd liv(? hundred acres of land from the owners, Alexander Johnson and (ieorge (4avit, of Philadelphia ; thisland was heavily timbered ; the timl)er, when manufactured into lumber, was ship])ed down the Suscpie- hanna river, also to New York and other Eastern markets. Mr. West HISTORY OF FiKAUFOR[) COUNTY. 693 was inai-ried four times. His fii'st wife was Betsey Elizabeth (/ovill. whom he married in 1820, when he was fourteen and she was twelve years of age; to them were born seven children, all of whom grew to matui'ity. About the year 1871, when at the age of seventy, he dis- posed of all his property in the East, giving to each of his children about $3,000 in real or personal property or money, selling off the bal- ance, and with nearly $30,000 went to the State of Wisconsin, where he purcluised a large farm and built a palatial residence, also a large stock barn and other out-buildings to correspond. He died March 28, 188(5, at the advanced age of eiglity-eight years, Mr. A. J. Campbell remained with Capt. West until he was of age, according to a contract received from Alexander Johnson, who was boarding at Capt. West's while on business, about the time the child was adopted by him. Mr. Johnson gave the captain $5.00 if lie w^onld name the child Alexander Johnson Campbell after him. the $5.00 to be investetl in sheep at $1.00 a head, the sheep to be durlington early in this century, ami was among the tirst set- tlers of that town. George W. CampbijU was a lumberman and farmer, in which business Chauncy was reared. When twenty years of age, Chauncy enlisted in the State Militia, and aft'^r a short time re-enlisted in the general service in the Civd War, and was in many hard-fought battles. Plis brother, George, was also in the service, and was a prisoner sixteen months. Chauncv Campbell is fifth of his par- ents' nine children. On January 1, 1867, he was united in marriage with Tempie, daughter of Joseph and Margaret (Jerolomon) Van- Kirk, natives of New Jersey; she was boi-n April 20, 1847, and is the sixth in a fatnily of nine children, they being of German and French extraction. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell have had four children, as fol- 39 (iOi HISTORY OF HHADFORI) COUNTY. lows: P]lmei- O., bom October 12, 18G7, married to Lucy Taylor; Joseph W., born February 20, 1871 ; Mattie J., born Marcli 8, 1879, and Harrison K., born September 29, 1882. Mr. Campbell settled twenty -three years ago where he yet lives, and now owns a fine farm, being a prosperous farmer, making dairying his principal industry. He is a member of the G. A. 11., and takes an active interest in the politics of the Republican party. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he is one of the trustees. DANIEL CAMPBELL, farmer, P. (). Litchfield, was born in Litchfield township. Brad ford Co.,Pa., August 14, 1830, on the farm now owned by T. W. Brink, and is a son of Jacob and Elizabeth (Struble) Campbell. Jacol) Campbell spent most of his life after he was seven- teen years of age in the township where he was born, following the agricultural and lumbering business. Jacob and Elizabeth Campbell had the following named children: Eliza Ann, married to Alanson Carner. and residing at Athens ; Sally Maria, married to I). S. Chand- ler, of Litchfield ; Ralph, died in Clearfield county, unmarried; Jacob S.. married to Ann Fredrick, and living at Hyatt's P^'erry, N. Y.; Daniel, Moses J., married to Mahala Russell, both deceased ; G. J., married to Phoebe Perry, who died some years since; C. H., married to Isabelle Fredrick', a farmer and blacksmith residing at Litchfield ; William B., married to Matlie (';impbell, of Litchfield. At tlie age of eighteen Daniel Cam])bell left school and engaged in agricultural pur- suits, which he followed several year-s ; also carried on a lumber busi- ness in Clearfield county. He settled on a farm in Litchfield town- ship wliich he now owns. His wife's name was Leah Fredrick, and they have one son, who married Iluldah Carmer, and is now employed as clerk in Athens. Mr. Campbell is a member of the L O. O. F.. Litchfield Lodge, No. 938. and in politics is a Democrat. JESSE AV. CAA[PPELL, of the firm of De Lano ct Campbell, gro cers, Towanda, was born in (Jandoi", Tioga Co., N. Y., December 30, 1854, a son of George W. and Evaline (White) Campbell, and is of Scotch and German descent. His parents settled in Bradford county in 1850. and are now residing in New Albany, where the father is engaged in farming. They were the parents of five children, as follows: Jesse W., Laura (Mrs. Frank Coolbaugh), Mary (Mrs. Earl Wilcox), Rhoda aiul Creorge W. Jesse W. (yam])bell was reared in Bradford county, and .received a common-school education. Fi-om May, 1879, till April, 1880, he was employed as a clerk at the "Inter- national Hotel," Tcnvanda, by S. M. Brown ; from there he went to the " Elwell House." in the employ of O. Kellogg, where he remained nearly four years. In Afay, 1884. he entered the employ of Powell ife Co., general merchants, with whom he renuiined until May, 1889, when hcentei-ed into partnershi|) with S. S. De Lano. in the ))i"esent gi'Ocer\' business, and they are doing a thriving trade Mr. (Jaiiipi)ell was married in May, 1881, to Mary, daughter of Thomas and P.ridget (Sup])le) Fitten, of Marshview. this county, by whom he has two chil- dren : Charles and Mary. He is a member of the Catholic Cliui'cli. and in politics he is a R('|)ui)lican. HISTORY OF RRADFOUD COUNTY. 695 JOSEPH CAMPBELL, farmer, of New Albany townshi]), P. O. New Albany, was born in IVLoni-oe township, tins count}', March 27, 1834, a son of John and Mary (Winter) Campbell, the former of whom, a miller, was of Scotcli origin and a native of Lancaster connty. Pa.; the latter was of Dutch ancestry, a native of ]\Ionroe township. The grandparents were among the early settlers in the county. The father attended the first mill at Masontown, and then built a mill in company with Jeremiah Blackman, near the line of IVlonroe and Albany, and has been connected with milling and farming all his life. The subject of this sketch was reared on his father's farm, and has followed farming man\' years. In February, 1862, he enlisted in Com- pany (t, One Hundred and Seventh P. V. I., and served one term ; in Januar}^, 1864, he re-enlisted in the same company and regiment, and served altogether three years, three months and eleven days. While on skirmish line in front of Petersburg, he was wounded by a gunshot in the left arm, which necessitated amputation near the shoulder. He was in the service until May, 1865, and enjoys the largest pension in the township. Lie had three brothers, four brothers-in-law and five nephews in the Civil War. Since his return home he has been a teacher, having taught sixteen terms of school. Mr. Campbell was married, December 25, 1859, to Lurinda Brown, of New Albany, born in 1842, and to this union were born two children, both of whom died in infancy. Mr. Campbell is a quiet and much respected citizen ; a Republican in politics, he is well-informed in ])olitical matters. JOSEPHL^S CAMPBELL (deceased) was born in Burlington, this county, November 13, 1818. His paternal grandfather, James Campbell, one of the first, if not the first, settler in the town of Bur- lington, was of Scotch ancestry and directly descended from the Pilgrims, and his son, the father of our subject, was born in Massachu- setts and was a mere lad when the family removed to Burlington township. The grandfather, James, died here in 1813 at a great age; he was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. Our subject married Asenath Miller in 1841, and to them were born five children, of whom Delmer V. and Llomer C. (twins), born June 10, 1860, are now on the old homestead. Mr. Campbell was a man of influence and a Republi- can in politics; he was county commissioner atone time, and held other offices of public trust; lie died in 1874 at the age of fifty-five years. Mrs. Campbell survives him and is now aged sixty -eight years. Homer C. Campbell, who is a bachelor, owns one hundred and sixty acres of the old farm; Delmer V. own-; ninety-five acres of the same; it is as fine farming land as can be found in the township. Delmer Y married Julia Moscrip, daughter of William Moscrip, a farmer, a Scotchman bv birth, who came to America a voung man. STERLING K. CAMPBELL, farmer, P. O. Hoblet, was born in Smithfield township, this county, January 30, 1850, a son of Geoi'ge W. and Harriet (Ivingsley) Cam))bell, former of whom was born in Burlington township, and latter in Smithfield. this county; his great- grandfather was from Scotland. Sterling K. Campbell is the seventh in a family of nine children, of whom two sons, George and Channcy C, were in the Civil War; George served through the entire con/lict, 696 HISTORY OF BKADFOKI) COUNTY. and was a prisoner tor thirteen months. Mr. Campbell, onr subject, was reared on his father's farm, and has followed agricultural pursuits. He was married, November 9, 1871, to Arlett Bird, who was born November 19, 1847, and died April 14, 1884; she was a daughter of Orpheus Bird, of Smithfield. To Mr. and Mrs. Campbell were born four children, viz.: Jennie B., born September 25, 1872; Ida M., born March 31, 1874; Lettie B.. born November 16, 187G, and Harry S., born August 28, 1878. Mr. Campbell has by perseverance and economy become the owner of a fine farm of one hundred acres, and he is a successfid business man. He is a member of the Knights of Honor ; he is a Republican, and an active worker, taking an interest in the affairs of the town, and in politics in general. AVILLIAM B. CAMPBELL, farmer, P. O. Brink Hill, was born October 25, 1846, in Litchfield township, Bradford Co.. Pa., on the farm he now owns, son of Jacob and Elizabeth (Struble) Campbell. He received his early education in the common schools of Litchfield township, and at the age of twenty-one engaged in farming, which lie has since followed in connection with steam threshing; his farm, which he has greatly improved, having recently erected a fine residence thereon, consists of one hundred and twenty-five acres of land nearly all improved. Mr. Campbell married, in 1887, Mattie, daughter of John and Laura (Shockey) Campbell. She is the fifth of her parents' six children: George, tlie eldest, married Mary Henderson, deceased; Alice married W. Cowles, a wjigon-maker in Athens township; Frank; William (died at the age of two years) and Harry. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell have one child, Mabel L., a bright little girl of two years. Politically Mr. Campbell is a Democrat, and now holds the oiiice of postmaster at Brink Hill. CLARENCE A\\ CANFIELD, chief clerk and payn-.;istcr. Union Ih'idge "Works, Athens, is a native of Athens, born July 2, 1848, a son of John E. and Fannie E. (Reeve) Canfield, natives of Orange county, N. Y. His father was a prominent member of the Bradford bar, admitted to the practice in thiscounty. and devoted the best years of his life to his profession; he died in February, 1860, in his forty-first year; his widow survives. Mr. Canfield's grandfather, on his mothei''s side, was a soldier in the Revolutionai'v War. C. W. Canfield is the eldest in a family of five childr'cn, of whom two are. living. In Sep- tember, 1862, he joined the State Militia under Gov. Curlin's first call, but was out onlv a short time, after which he worked on a farm until September. 1864. when he went to Virginia, and was engaged in the Crovernment Construction C'or))s. Returning home after the close of the war, he was then for a time em))loyed in the engineei- cor))s of the Lehigh Valley e-xtension, and on the ()|)ening of the road, in 1868. was newsboy foi- a year; then joined the engineeiing department of the Ithaca A: Athens Railroad, and during the construction of same in 1870 and part of 1871 lie had chai-gc of the nortlici-n (Mid undei- the chief engineer. Early in 1871 Mr. Canlit'ld (entered the employ of Col. C. F. Welles. as clerk and bookkeeper, wiiere he remained until after his tleath. In JSovember, 1875, he began work for Kellogg A: Maurice (succeeded by HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUXTY. 6;»T Union I'ridgo Company), and has been in tlicii- employ since. Mr. Canlield was nnirried in Jjinohamton, >\. Y.,in June, 187-5, to Ilattie C, daughter of Jahez and Fannie E. (Curry) Havens, natives of tliis county (she is the fourth in a family of seven children, and was born in this count V, August oO, 1840). To Mr. and Mrs. (Jantield were born two children : Mary I. and Fanny E. Mrs. Canfield is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. (Janlield is a member of the ¥. & A. M., Kuraf Amity Lodge, No. 70, Union Chapter, No. 161, Northern Com- mandery. No. 15; Lulu Temple A. A. O. N. M. S., Philadelphia; also Perkins Post, No. 202, G. A. II. He received, unsolicited, the unani- mous Democratic nomination for Congress (Fifteenth District) in 18ltO. made onlv one month before election, and reduced the old-time Repub- lican maforitv of between 5,000 and 6,000 to 2,2(»0. DANIEL C. CANFIELD, farmer, P. O. Austinville, was born May 27, 1827, in Columbia township, this county, on the farm where he now resides, and is a son of Moses B. and Betsey (Crippen) Canfield ; his paternal grandparents were Oliver and Sally (Bradley) Canfield, who came from Redding, Fairiield Co., Conn., to Bi'adford county in 1800, and stopped for a year where Austinville now stands, clearing a small tract of land, and then removed to the farm occupied by subject, which, with the assistance of his son, Moses B., he (the grandfather) cleared and improved, and here he died. He was a Revolutionary sol- dier seven years, and did all the marching barefoot over the frozen ground and snow. He was the father of two children, Moses B. and Daniel, the former of whom succeeded to the homestead, on which he resided for many years; the last ten years of his life were spent in Rutland township, Tioga Co., Pa,, where he died in 1868, at the age of seventy-four years; his wife was a daughter of Roswell Crippen, of Delaware county, N. Y., by whom he had nine children : Sally (Mrs. Carlonus Spencer), Hiram, Polly (Mrs. Eben J. Bosworth), Daniel C, Lucy (Mrs. Silas Holly), Ann (Mrs. Henry Van Nocken), Melinda(Mrs. Wright W. Clark), Oliver (died in the "United States service during the late Civil War) and Louisa (Mrs. Leonard Baile}^). Daniel C. Can- field was reared on the old homestead, where he has always resided, and which has been in the Canfield name upward of eighty years. He married, February 10, 1856, Lydia, daughter of David and Lois (Brown) Edgeton, of Sullivan, Tioga Co., Pa., and by her he had two children: William D. and Emma (wife of Alfred Burleigh, but died, leaving one son, Harold C). Mr. Canfield is a leading and enterpris- ing farmer of Columbia township. In politics, he is a Republican. CHARLES H. CARD, farmer, P. O.Sylvania, was born in Colum- bia tow^nship, this county, December 5, 1842, and is a son of Henry B. and Sarah (Fish) Card. His paternal grandparents, Henry and Sally (Monro) Card, natives of Rhode Island, settled in Columbia township in 182!), and took up the farm now occupied by our subject and other members of the Card famih% cleared and improved it and died there. Henry Card was twice married, first to Sally Monro, by whom he had ten children: Martha E. (Mrs. H. N. Fish), Henry B., Mary (Mrs. Thomas Ames), Sarah T. (Mrs. Benjamin Calkins). Eliza- beth (Mrs. Reuben Nash), Julia S. (Mrs. James M. Thompson), George G98 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. M.. Caroline M. (Mrs. N. E. Calkins), Thomas M. and IJannah. Henry Card's second wife was Catherine Miller, l)V whom he had three chil- dren : Anson M., Harriet and Joseph B. Tlie father of our subject was reared in Columbia township from thirteen years of age, and in 1843 removed to Sullivan township, Tiogo Co., where he cleared a farm which he still owns, and he resides in the township. By his wife, who was a daughter of Robert Fish, of Sullivan township, he had three children who grew to maturity: Charles H., Homer B. and Martha E. (Mrs. Frank Beardsley). In 1861 H. B. Card was elected treasurer of Tioga county for the term of two years. Charles H. Card was reared in Tioga county, Pa., was educated in common schools and Wellsboro Academy, and since attaining his majority he has been engaged in farming, stock-buying and butchering; for the past nine years he has resided on the old homestead in Columbia township. He was twice married : on first occasion to Mary, daugh- ter of John Benedict, of Columbia township, by whom he had one child, Flaude ; his second wife was Mary, daughter of Jefferson Bailey, of Granville township, and by her he has three children : Bowen, Ethel and Lula. Mr. Card was in the Civil War, having enlisted August 30, 1864, in Company A, Two Hundred and Seventh P. V. I., and was honorably discharged after nine months' service. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; in politics is a Republican. JOHiS 11. CAREY, farmer, P. O. South Warren, is a native of Connecticut, born December 13, 1823, a son of Daniel A. and Wealtliy (Hamilton) Carev, also natives of Connecticut and of English stock. They were among the early farmers of Bradford county, as they came to Warren township in 1825; indeed the recollections of the oldest inhabitants here are that there was but one house in sight when Mr. Carey and his sons cleared their farm ; the fathei' died in 1874, and the mother in 1882. They had a family of ten children, of whom John H. is the fourth in the order of birth. He grew up as a pioneer boy of the time, giving sparse time to the schools, and learning all about clearing and farming and lumbering, the latter being his winter work when he was still a lad. He is now the owner of the old homestead, a fine fai'm of one hundred and forty acres, one of the best in the county. He was married in Warren township, in 1852, to Betsey L. Newman, (hiughter of Nathan and Parmelia (French) Newman, natives of Massachusetts and of English extraction, the former of whom came to this count}^ in 1821, another pioneer to Warren township, and died in 1878, the latter had died in 1874 ; they had fourteen children, of whom Mrs. Carey is the fifth, born and educated and married in Warren township.*^ The fruits of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Carey were four children, as follows: John Fremont, born July 21, 1856, the year Fremont became the lirst Uepul)lican candi(hite for President he mari'ied Jessie Smith, and has two children: Alice, born January 31, 1888, and William H., born November 9, 1889) ; Jessie Florence, born June 2, 1858, married John G. Dimon, and has one child, Lena, boi-n August 9, 1880 (John G. Dimon, died July 9, 1881, and his wife fol- lowed him to the grave February 11, 1882); William II., born June HISTORY OF It ii A I) FORD COUNTY, (lOll 21, 1860, was nuu'ried August 10, 1887, to Zoe W. rio[)son, and has one child, Mildred, born April 12, 1890, and Martha Alice, born Sep- tember 24, 18 COUNTY. EPHRAIM CHAFFEE (deceased) was born April 25, 17(50, and (lied August 6, 1825; his wife, Elizabeth, was born January 30, 1761. and died April 21, 1853. They had seven children, of whom the eld- est, iSoah, born Februar\^ 22. 1780, married (Catherine Drapei', born January 14, 1780; he died April 30, 1869, his wife died March 28, 1866. They had nine children, of u^hom Samuel B., the third in order of birth, born November 29, 1808, married, October 22, 1831, Maria Buffington, who was born May 29, 1815, and their family consisted of six children, as follows : Mary E., born June 26, 1832; Martha, born October 3, 183-t; Kufus D., born March 26, 1837. died September 6, 1838 ; Cornelia E., born September 6, 1839, died November 28, 1875; Rufus A., born December 11, 1841, died September 24, 1864 ; Asenath A., born January 21, 1844. This wife dying November 4, 1845, Mr. Chaffee married, July 9, 1846, Betsey L. Pendleton, who was born June 23, 1824, and b}"^ her were two children, viz.: Samuel O., born August 31, 1848, died April 14, 1849; and Cordis M. Samuel B. Chaffee came to this county in 1819, and settled in Warren township ; he died October 4, 1888 ; his second wife survives. Cordis M. Chaffee was born August 10, 1850, and was reared and educated in Warren township, wiiere he commenced as a farmer; he has spent his life on a farm, and now owns two hundred and ninety-five acres, finely stocked and well improved. He was married in Warren township February 14, 1872, to Lucinda J. Arnold, daughter of Chauncy W. and Caro- line (Talmadge) Arnold, natives of Pennsylvania and New York, respectively, and of English origin; they have had seven children, Lucinda J. being the second ; she was reared, educated and married in Warren township, and is the mother of three children, as follows : Leah, born May 21, 1875; one that died in infancy; and Torrance O., born March 3, 1886. The family attend the Methodist Ejnscopal Church, of which Mr. Chaffee is steward ; he is a Republican, and has filled the office of town clerk, antl is now commissioner. J(.)[IN H. CHAFFEE, farmer and stock grower, Shesiiequin township, P. O. Ilornbrook, was born on the Chaffee homestead, July 13, 1843, a son of Charles Chaffee, and is the eldest and only son in this county, except D. W. Chaffee. He was reared on the farm, and received his education in the district schools and at the Sus(piehanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda. When nineteen years old he enlisted in the army in Company B, One Ilundi-ed and Forty-first P. Y. L, and was dischai'ged May 28. 186<» ; he was i)romoted to corporal. December 5, 1863, and then to sergeant, January 1, 1865, and was wounded and captured at Chancellorsville, again wounded at Petersburg. He par- ticipated in the following battles: Fi-edericksburg, Chancellorsville, Aubui-n, Kelly's Ford, Morris' Farm, Mine Run. Wilderness, Laurel Hill, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Talopotomy, (-old Harbor, Peters- burg, Poplar Spring C/hurch, J>()ydton Road, Hatcher's Run and Sailors Creek, and was with the army at the sun-endei' of Gen. Lee. Mr. (Jhaffee does not know how he was wounded, but thinks it was by a concussion, caused by the explosion of a shell at Chancelloi-sville, which rendered him unconscious, and while in that condition he was cai)tured ; he was confined in Libby prison thirteen days and then HISTORY Ob' niiADKOIil) COUNTY. '^Oo paroled ; was exchanged Septembei- oO, and joined his regiment at Petersburg. He was struck by a piece of shell in the lumbar region of the back at Petersburg, June 16, 1804, causing ))artial ])aralysis of the left leg, from which he has never fully recovered, and for which he went to Lincoln General Hospital about two months. He was also struck by a spent ball at the battle of Mine Run. He rejoined his regiment sometime in September, after he was wounded at Peters- burg. Returning from the army he commenced business for himself, and taught school eight winter and two fall terms, and also operated a threshing machine sev^eral falls, then settled down on the old homestead or Hill place; then moved on the place that was occupied by hisfatiier before his death. He owns over two hundred and fifty acres in this county, eighty acres in Kansas, superintending the entire property, and raises cattle and sheep. Mr. Chaffee was married November 10, 1871, to Marion I., dauohter of William E. and Fannie (Gore) Bull, of this county, and of this marriage there are two children: Adaline M., born May 20, 1873, and Ira P., born December 4, 1870. Mrs. Chaffee is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; he is a mem- ber of Watkins Post, No. 6S, G. A. R., Towanda, and his political views are Republican. Mr. Chaffee now fills the office of town com- missioner, and postmaster at Hornbrook; he has held several town- ship offices besides that of commissioner. N. P. CHAFFEE, dealer in boots and shoes, Athens, is a native of Warren township, this county, and was born October 29. 1883. a son of Orvilla and Amy (Lyon) Chaffee, natives of Pawtucket. R. I., and who came to this county early in life; the father, who was a farmer, died in May, 1888, in his eighty-sixth year; the mother in 1883 in her seventy-fifth year; grandfather Noah Chaffee was a soldier in the War of 1812 N. P. Chaffee is the fourth in a family of eleven chil- dren, of whom six are living. He was reared on the farm, and remained with his father until he was nineteen, when he served an apprenticeship at the shoemaker's trade, which he followed untU he enlisted in the army in September, 1802, in Company D, Seventeenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. He was injured at the skirmish at Occoquan. Va,,and was sent to Carver Hospital, Washington, December 23, 1802; was discharged January 30, 1S03 ; he is a member of the G. A. R.. Per- kins Post, No. 202, and also of the Union Veteran Legion, No. 28. He w^as married in Owego, X. Y., July 18, 1857, to Miss Celestia, daughter of William H. and Diadama "^(Hoskins) Spencer, natives of Connecticut (she is the eighth child of a family of nine, and was born in Orwell township, this county, January 28, 1840). To Mr. and Mrs. Chaffee have been born three children, as follows: Dudley K. (deceased), Ferris E. (a student at Colgate University) and Ina L. Mr. Chaffee removed from Orwell tow^nship to Athens in the spring of 1872. and opened a boot and shoe store. He is a Republican, and is one of the leading public-spirited citizens of the borougli. W. B. CHAFFEE, farmer and stock grower, Sheshequin town- ship. P. O. Ghent. \vas born in Bristol county. Mass., January 30, 1825, and is a son of Wilder and Sabrina (I>owen)" Chaffee. II is father, by trade a machinist, was born in Massachusetts and came to this countv 706 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. in 1833, locating in Warren township where he remained until his death, Ma3^ 7, 1S6-1-; his widow survived until December 18, 1880. The fatlier was sixty-eight years okl at the time of his death, and the mother was eighty-eight; they had five children, four living: W. B., H. B., ]\Iaria E. (married to George Harrington, of Pike, Pa.) and W. P. ; Lucy Elminie died February 15, 1864, aged nineteen years. AV. B. Chaffee was reared in Warren township, attending school until he was nineteen, and received an excellent education for the times. He learned the carpenter and joiner trade, and followed same about ten years. His first farm was in Warren township, purchased in 1835 where he lived two yeai's, then went to the Sheshequin valley where he rented a farm and lived two years. In 3 857 he purchased the farm he now occupies consisting of seventy acres, which he cleared, and where he put up all the buildings, all of which he has accumulated by his own exertions, lie has always been successful in business. Mr. Chaffee was married December 31, 1851, to Lucy A., daughter of Abram Gore, and grand- daughter of Samuel Gore. To Mr. and Mrs. Chaffee were born two children: Abram G., born February 28, 1853, nuirried to Sarah J., daughter of Joseph and Harriet (Browning) Haigh, and Sarah E., born August 12, 1855, married to H. G. Bidlack. The family are llniversalists in religion, and in politics Mr. Chaffee is a Republican. BYPtOX A. CHAMBERLAIX, jobber, Towanda.was born in Wind- ham township, this county. July 12, 184:5, and is a son of Joso])h and Margaret (Hartshorn) Chamberlain. The paternal grandfather Chamberlain, formerly of Unadilla, Otsego Co., N. Y., was a pioneer of Windham township, this county, and was a millwright by trade 'i in later life he removed to Freeport, 111., and died there. The nuiter- nal grandfather. William Hartshorn, was a native of Connecticut, a soldier of the War of 1812, and was a pioneer of Windham townshij), where he cleared and improved a farm, and resided there until his death. Joseph Chamberlain, who was a native of Unadilla, N. Y.. was a harness maker by trade, and settled in Windham township with his parents; in 1847 he removed to Orwell township, and worked at his trade there until his death in 1876. He had seven children who grew to maturity, among whom were : Fedilia C. (Mrs. Eli Merrill), Lodenra (j\Irs. Ezra liVon). Nancy (Mrs. Charles Colgrove)and Byron A. Our subject was reared in Oi'well townshiji, received a common- school edu(;ation and learned the harness maker's trade in the shop of his father. He was in tiie Civil War, enlisting August 20, 1862, in Company D, One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I., and was promoted to corporal in 1864; he participated in the battles of Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Wilderness, North Anna, Cold Harbor, in front of Peters- burg and other engagements, and was at the surrender of Lee at Appomattox. In July, 1863, he was shot through the left thigh ;it (Tettysbui'g. and was shot thi'ough the neck in front of Petersburg- June 18. 1864. He was honorably discharged from the service in June, 1865. In October, 1866, he came to Towanda, where he followed his trade as a journeyman frf)m 1867 to 1883. He drove a hack in Towanda, and since 1882 has l)een a jobber and contractor for the States IJne Coal Company. On JNIarch 27, 1866, he married Marthena, IlIsroilY OF RUADFOUl) COUNTY. 707 daughter of Kuel and Eliza (Manderville) Brown, of Ivonie. this county, and lias two children, as follows: Bertha L. and Charles B. Mr. Chamberlain is a member of the G. A. R., and in politics he is a Republican. J. W. CHAMBERLAIN, physician and sm-geon, W^udusing, though comparatively a young man, has already climbed well toward the top of the profession in this county. He was born in W\^alusing township, August 3, 1859, and is a son of John F. Chamberlain (born September 14, 181-4, and died March 11, 1881) and Susan (Terry) Chamberlain (born April 6, 1818, and is still living). They had a family of live children, four yet living, viz.: Nancy Irene, George F., Jennie E. and J. W. Gilbert, the second child, died October 26, 1S63, being then twent\'-four years old. The father was for many years a merchant of Terrytown, and he purchased a farm on Lime hill, where he resided for several years; then in 1865 he conducted the warehouse and coal office at Wyalusing, remaining in business there for several years; in 1868 he was elected a member of the State Legislature, and was the only man up to that time who received that high honor unso- licited ; after serving three years, he returned to Wyalusing and per- chased the Washington-Taylor farm, where he resided for about ten years ; then retired from active life and removed to the present resi- dence of the family, where he died. Among the many popular resi- dents of his native township none stood higher than he; industrious, intelligent and scrupulously honest, he commanded the respect of all. In early life he identified himself with the Methodist Episcopal Church, and contributed liberally to the support of the same; his views on the temperance question were strong, almost to radicalism, and in politics he was a stanch Whig and Republican, taking an active interest in the great political questions of his da}^; he was a successful business man. Dr. Chamberlain passed his boyliood on the farm, and in the village of Wyalusing, receiving his English education in the AVyalusing schools and AVyoming Seminary. In 1883 he began the stud\^ of medicine, entering college the same year, and in April, 1886, he was graduated from Jefiferson Medical College, Philadel])hia, tak- ing the degree of M. D., and was registered in Bradford county that summer, but went to Castleton, Ills, where he formed a partnership with Dr. Holgate, of that place, and practiced one year. He then returned to Wyalusing where he has been in active practice since, and has been ver\' successful. The doctor is a stanch Republican, and takes an active interest in ])olitics. His grandfather, Jabez Chamber- lain was one of the oldest physicians of the county, and a graduate ^f one of the old medical colleges of New York. M. CHAMBERLAIN, blacksmith, Silvara, was born at Lenox, Susquehanna Co., Pa., December 29, 1851, and is a son of Levi and Martha A. (Betts) Ciiamberlain, both living in Silvara, who had three children, two yet living: M. (our subject) and Pluebe (married to John A. Wood, a liveryman, of Nebraska City, Ivans.). M. Chamber- lain was born and reared on a farm, and wns educated in tlie common schools; at the age of twenty-two he began business for himself and followed farming one v ear, and be^an to learn the trade of blacksmith 708 HISTOKY OF IJRADFOlil) COUNTY. ill the sliop of George E. Chamberlain, of Diniock, Pa., and remained there th.ree years; he then worked a short time with Mr. JVIcVicker. at Eaton, Pa.; iie worked as a journeyman about eight years. He was married January 29, 18S1, to Libbie Babcock, a daughter of jST. P. Babcock, a farmer, of Tuscarora, and for the following two years resided and worked at his trade in Wyalusing, then was one 3'ear at Elk Lake, and one year at Eaton ; then removed to 8ilvara, where he has pursued his trade up to the ])resent time, having built up a large and growing trade, and is recognized as one of the active business men of the village. Mr. and Mrs. Chamberlain have four children : Leo E., Fay, Lizzie and Willie ; politically Mr. Chamberlain is a Republican, but not an active politician. SAMUEL CHAMBERLIN", farmer, Wysox township. P. O. Myers- burg, was born in Susquehanna county. Pa., November 17, ISiO, a son of Lewis and Mary (Wood) Chamberlin, natives of Xew York and Connecticut, respectively, and of English origin. In his father's family there were seven children, of whom Samuel, who is the second, began life for himself at the age of twenty-one, and took up farming as his occupation; he has lived in his present home since 1842. He was married June 30, 1841, to Elsie Maria, only daughter of William and x^bigail (Russell) Moger, and this ha])py union was blessed with thirteen children, as follows: William, born March 1, 1842 (enlisted in the One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment, P. X. L, and was killed at Gettysburg); Alonzo. born August 14, 1843 (was taken prisoner and starved in Salisbury prison, North Carolina) ; Frances Adahne, born June 28, 1845 (married to Joseph A^anScouten, of Wysox, and later to Thomas Burdict. of Black Creek, Wis.); Mary A., born September 2. 1846 (married ElishaStrope, of Wysox); Oscar F., born June 24, 1848, a farmer and lumberman of Tomahawk, Wis. (married to Elizabeth Emory); Helen IVf., born March 24, 1850 (married Josiah Smith, of Seymour, Wis.); Emma J., born December 16, 1851 (married John Hoaglin, of Wvsox) ; Charles H., born August 11, 1853, died October 17, 1854; Charles M.. born April 16, 1856, now in Wisconsin; George M., born September 12, 1858, employed in a toy factory at Towanda (married P>lanche Luens, of Towanda); Harriet E.. born September 11, 1861 (married Jesse Parkhill, a railroad engineer in Wisconsin k Samuel J., l)orn April 10, 1863, working his father's farm (married to Hetuline Reynolds, of AVysox); and AVilliam A., born April 15. 1866 (married to Cora Vanness, of Wysox). Mrs. Chamberlin died November 14, 1888, and Mr. Chamberlin married, for his second wife, Mrs. Alonzo P. Jones' (n. ^"^bficca M. Twinina:), of Tow^anda, the eldest of four chil- dren of Henry and Chloe (Hickok) Twining, of East Smithfield, Pa. Her only brother, John H., was killed in the l)attle of the Wilderness. Her grandfather, Oliver llickok, was a ca]>lain in the War of 1812. Mr. Chamberliirs oreat-i'randfathci- and two brothers came to Amei'ica from England; his grandfather, William Chamberlin, was a Revolu- tionary soldier, and served through the entire war. Samuel (chamberlin was formerly a member of the Baptist Church, but now attends with his wife, who is in fellowship with brethren at Towanda. Mr. Cham- berlin was town commissioner several vears. H[STO[{Y OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 709 II. I. CHANDLER, fju-nier, P. O. Athens, was born in Athens town- ship, this county, March 26, 1855, a son of Daniel 8. and Sarah M. (Campbell) Chandler, the former a native of Athens, the latter of Litchfield township. Daniel S. Chandler is the son of Samuel Chand- ler, who was born in Orange county, N. Y., and removed in 1805 to Tompkins county, same State, where he remained twenty years; in 1825 he came to this county, locating on what is known as"'' rrosi)ect Hill,'' and ])urchased a farm which he cleared; he died April 23, 1850, in his sixty -eighth year; his \vife, Margaret, died October 12,1851, in her sixty-seventh year. His son, Daniel S., is now living on the old homestead, in his seventy-sixth year, and is the father of seven chil- dren, six of whom grew to maturity and are living at the present time. H. I., who is the eldest in tiie family, was reared and educated in Athens, spending one term in the Rome Academy. On September 30, 1884, he married, at Nichols, N. Y., Miss Eva, daughter of William M. and Mary D. Harris. This union was blessed with two children : Walter D. and Grover L. Mr. Chandler is a general farmer, giving more attention to stock (of which he has a fine assortment) and grain. In 1884 he purchased what is known as the Eastabrook farm of 115 acres. He is an enterprising farmer, and enjoys the full confidence of his townsmen, who elected him to the office' of town clerk ; politic- ally he is a Democrat. ^M. C. CHAPMAN, superintendent Cayuta Wheel and Foundry Company, Sayre, is a native of Salisbury, Conn., and was born June 25, 1836. His parents were William and Betsy (Crane) Chapman, also natives of Salisbury, Conn., the former of whom, who was a pig-iron manufacturer, was'bornin January, 1800. and died in 1879; the latter died m 1888, in her eighty-second year. M. C. Chapman is the seventh in a family of four sons and four daughters, all of whom are living except two girls. He was reared in his native place, and served an appi-enticeship in Barnum, Richardson & Co.'s Car Wheel Foundry, and worked there about five years; then w^ent to Chicago and helped establish the Barnum & Allen Car Wheel Foundry, where he remained a year, and then proceeded to New Haven, and had charge of the New York & New Haven Railroad Shops about five years; then went to the RamapoCar Wheel Works in Rockland county^ N. Y., where he remained five years; from there he came to Sayre in the fall of 1872, and accepted the position he now holds with the Cayuta Wheel and Foundry Company. Mr. Chapman w;is married in Salisburv, Conn., in 1866, to Miss Mary, daughter of William and Margaret (Hall) AYolfe, natives of Dutchess county, N". Y. Mrs. Chapman is the eighth in a family of eleven children, and was born in Salisbury, Conn., in 1845. To ]\Ir. and Mrs. Chapman were l)orn four daughters", as follows: Car- rie, Lydia, Bessie and Mabel. He is a member of the F. & A. M., Montgomery Lodge, No. 13, and a member of the Empire Order. He is a Re])ublican, and served six years as school director in the Inde- pendent school district of Sayre;\also as township commissioner three years. DANIEL CHASE, fa,rmer. P. O. Gillett, jvas boin in South Creek township, this county, in October, 1840, a son of Joseph and 40 710 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Margaret (Wilson) Chase, natives of Massachusetts and New York, respectively. Joseph Chase Avas a builder by trade, having been employed in his own neighborhood in the erecting of many buildings; he was the son of David Chase, a ship builder; removed to this county about 1826, first locating in South Creek, then Tioga Point, then went to Springfield, and finally to South Creek, locating on the hill east of what is called "Dunnings," where he remained until his death in 1874, in the seventy-sixth year of his age ; his family numbered twelve, ten of whom grew to maturity, eight of them now living; four sons served in the army in the Civil War — William, Wallace, Daniel and John ; William was captain ; John died of disease ; Daniel served in Company F, Twenty-third N. Y. V. I., foi- the term of two years, and was honorably discharged fi'om his command; then enlisted, for the second time, in Company A, P^irst N. Y. V. C, for the term of three years, or during the war ; he served until the close of the war ; was wounded at an encounter at Upperville, Va., and, during this term of service, he was promoted to first duty sergeant, in which rank he was discharged. He married at Gillett in 1879, Mrs. Williams, widow of the late Orlando Williams, and this union resulted in the birth of one son, John, now in iiis eighth year. Mr. Chase makes a specialt}" of dairving, having some very fine graded stock. He has filled the office of school director seventeen years ; has been town clerk, and now holds the position of commissionei- ; he is a member of the G. A. R., Good Templars and a Grange; politicallv he is Independent. DAVID CHASE, farmer, P. O. Gillett, was born in South Creek township, this county, in September, 1843, a son of Joseph and Mar- garet (Wilson) Chase, the former of whom was born in New bury port, Mass., the latter in New York. Joseph Chase was a carpenter and builder, the son of David Chase, a ship-builder by trade. Joseph came to this county about the year 1880, first locating in Athens. then called '' Tioga Point,'' from which place he removed to Smith- field, thence to Sjiringfield, and finally came to South Creek township, locating on the hill east of what is now called " Dunnings," where he remained until his death, which occurred in 1877, when he was in his seventy -second year. He reared a family of fourteen children — eleven sons and three daughters — who grew^ to maturity, of whom eight are now living, four were in the army, and one died of disease contracted there. David, who is the eleventh in the family, was i-eared and edu- cated in his native township, at the common school, and in his early life he learned the carpenter's trade, at which he works more or less in connection with his farm. He spent two years in California, and aftci- his return, in January, 1877, he nuirried Jeanette, daughter of Will- iam and Khoda Ann Chapman, which union resulted in the birth of four children : David W., Nettie X., Chester A. and Lulu. Mr. Chase is eng.iged in what is termed " mixed farming;" is a man of influence, and has held various offices of trust ; has been constable, collector and school director, and at the present time holds the office of assessoi-. He is a member of the various orders : Good Templars, I. O. O. F., K. A. U., and of the Grange ; politically he is a Iie])ublican. HISTORY OF BRADFOKD COUNTY. 711 WILLIAM r. CHASE, farmer, P. O. Gillett, was born in South Creek township, this count}', November 25, 1845, a son of Benjamin and Susan (Wilson) Chase, natives of Massachusetts and New Hamp- shire, respectively. They came to this county about 1820, locating on the farm now occupied by their son William ; theii* family numbered eleven, ten of whom grew to maturit}^ and seven are now living. Our subject, who is the ninth in the family, was reared and educated in Soutii Creek township. On December, 1866, he married, at Bentlev Creek, Elizabeth, daughter of John and Almina Cummins, and by this union there were five children, four of whom are now living, as follows : Eva, Rubv, Charles and John. Mr. Chase entered the army in 1864, in Company B, Tenth New York Cavalry, and served until the close of the war ; he was honorably discharged and now draws a pension. He is a general farmer, and pays especial attention to grain raising. He is a member of the G. A"^ E., and politically is a Republican. A. N. CHESLEY, farmer, P. O, Granville Summit, was born in Granville township, this countv, May 25, 1837, and is a son of Simon P. and Eliza (Dudley) Cliesle\\ His paternal grandfather, Simon Ciiesley, was a native of Canada, was a soldier of tiie Revolutionary War on the American side, and was among the pioneers of Franklin township, this count\^, and later of Granville township, where he lived until his death ; his wife was Betsey Shafer, by whom he had five children, as follows: Simon, Philip, Margaret (Mrs. Henry Downs), Susan (Mrs. Orrin Pratt) and Malachi. Of these, Simon, born in Luzerne county, Pa., was a farmer by occupation, and cleared a large tract of land on Granville Summit ; he was a soldier in the Civil War. and died of disease contracted while in the service of his country. His wife was a daughter of Abner Dudley, of Burlington, this county, and by her had eight children: A. Neton, Betsey (Mrs. Henry Tinklepaugh), PhiUp, Eunice (Mrs. David Webb), Margaret (Mrs. Edgar Van Horn), John, Susan (Mrs. Michael Collins) and Mary (Mrs. Philander Flem- ing). A. Neton Chesley was reared in Granville township, and has always followed farming. He married Eliza J., daughter of Roswell and Harriet (Loomis) White, of Canton township, this county, and has one son, Oscar, who married Sadie, daughter of Lewis and" Sarah (Shoemaker) Spalding, of Granville township, and has two children: Clarence R. and Roy. Mr. A. N. Chesley and his son are enterpris- ing citizens of Granville, and in politics are Democrats. C. A. CHILD, merchant, Franklindale, was born in SmithHeld, Bradford. Co., Pa., March 8, 1857. He is the son of A. E. and Marian A. (Phelps) Child, the former of whom was born in Warren, R. I., the latter in Smithfield, Pa. His father is the son of Edward Child, a ship-builder, of Rhode Island, who removed to and settled in Smith- Held in 1819. His father and family moved to Smithfield at the same time, and were obliged to come'^by water to New berg, N. Y. and then by luml)er wagon to Athens, Pa.; there were four families altogether, and tiiirteen in number. At that time land was of- fered them, anywhere between Athens and South Waverly, at $1.00 per acre. Edward Child engaged in farming, having a family, 712 HISTORY OF HRADFORU COUNTY. later, of eleven children, but only six of them grew to maturity, and but three are now living. For quite a number of years Edward Child went to Warren or Bristol, R. L, and worked at ship-building from April to December, and a part of the time on ships engaged in the slave trade. After working as above at J>ristol. R 1,, Chas. Child's father commenced learning the wagon-makers trade, but after two years was obliged to discontinue on account of poor health, and was, later on, clerk in different stores, taught school, etc., and carried on the grocery business in Smithfield from 1877 to 1889; he sold out at the age of seventy years, on account of poor health. Chas. A. Child, the subject proper of these lines, who is the second in the family, was educated at the common school in Smithfield ; at the age of fourteen he went to clerk in a store at Emporium, Cameron Co., Pa., which he followed successfully until he now owns and controls a large establishment. In 1878 he went in business for himself in Smithfield, and in 1880 he removed to Franklindale. where he now commands an extensive business in drugs and general merchandise. At the age of twenty-two he married, in Sheshequin, April 23, 1879, Miss AHne, daughter of Elisha and Eliza Newell, the former a native of Sheshequin, and the latter of Orange county, N. Y. To them has been born one child, Harry, born May 24, 1886. In conjunction with the store Mr. Child has held the office of postmaster eleven years; politically he is a Republican. RIIFUS W. CHILD, farmer, P. O. East Smithfield, was born A))ril 12, 1845, in East Smithfield, a son of Christopher and Harriet (Wright) Child, the former a native of Rhode Island. They came to this county in early life, and settled on a farm near where Rufus W. now resides. The grandfather, Christopher (Jhild, was a sea captain, born in 1775, and a descendant of the Welch nobility ; the family have a crest, printed in London in 1797, presented to the captain by his relative. Sir Josias Child, which indicates that the name of Child was one of considerable note in England. Rufus W. Child, when seventeen years of age, enlisted in the service of his country, in Com- l)any K, One llundi'ed and Forty-first P. \\ I., and went to the front; iiis brother Chi'ist()j)her was also in the AVar of the Rebellion. Mr. Child went west in 1879 to Dakota, where he dealt largely in cattle, remaining in the West ten years. . He was married August 20, 1885. to Franc A., one of a family of ten children, six of whom are living, born to George and Elizabeth (Smith) Partholomew, of Ulster, natives of this county ; h<'r father's family were of the ])ioneers of Sheshe(juin. Ml'. (Jhild owns a fine farm of two hundred acres in East Smithfield township, and is |irinci))ally engaged in dairying and stock i-aising, his cattle being of the Durham and Ilolstein breeds. He is a thorough and prosperous farmer. In politics he is a Republican, was elected county commissioner, and served several years while in Dakota. Mi', and Mrs. Child have had no children. FRANCIS CHILSOX, miller and farmer, I'. O. Macedonia, was ijorn in the town of Asylum, this county. May 20, 184-I-, and is a- son of David and .lane (Bennett) Chilson, natives of Asylum tijwnship, this county, and pioneers of Macedonia. Grandfather Bennett was HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 713 in the War of tli(3 Revolution. Tiie subject of this lucuioir was reared enjamin (now deceased), and they had one son, GlennieB., born July 27, 1S7-4. Mr. Chilson afterward married Adelia, daughter of 8."^ P. Henson, of Burlington, and there have been born to them three children, as follows: Carrie L., born August 29, 1882 ; Jennie, born November 29, 1886 ; and Leon H., born June 8, 1890. Mr. Chilson now owns the Smith Mills where he does a business in milling, sawing lumber and making shingles aiul also cider in its season. He now manufactures more buckwheat flour than any other miller in the county ; he is a member of the Patrons of Industry, and in politics he is a Republican. Mr. Chilson and family are wideW known as being among our most prominent and highly respected people. L. S. CliUBEUCK, farmer and stock grower, Orwell, was born in Orwell, this county, February 20, 1822, and is a son of Nathaniel Chubbuck, Jr., who was born in Connecticut, September 5, 1789, a son of Nathaniel, Sr., born October 16, 1764, married November 27, 1788, to Chloe Eaton, and died March 13, 1825; she was born March 4, 1768, and died October 11, 1832, and had a family of tw^elve children, as follows : Nathaniel. Aaron (born August 4, 1791, married to Matilda Dimmick, and died August 19,1881), Hannah (born February 16, 1793, married to Josej>h Hamilton, and resided in Windham where she died August 7,1865), Dr. John (born February 22, 1797, a phvsician of note, and surgeon of the First Regiment of iEngineers, Corps d'Afrique, in the service at Bragos and Santiago, Texas, in 1863-64; he died in Binghamton, N. Y., March 18, 1878), Jacob (born March 5, 1797), Shelden (born June 3, 1799, died March 22, 1804), James (born April 5, 1801, married to Pamelia Keeney, and died Februarv 7, 1873), Chloe (born December 8, 1803, married to Levi Frisbie, and died August 20, 1860), Daniel O. (born May 17, 1805, married Polly Oak- ley ; was a farmer of this county for many vears, but finallv removed to Mount Yernon, Iowa, where'he died June 3, 1880), HoHis S. (born March 13,1809; he practiced medicine at Orwell Hill manv years, and removed to Elmira, N. Y. where he built up a verv large practice and died there March 4, 1883), Austin E. (born June 16"^ 1810, was first a farmer then a merchant at Elmira, and became a successful Metho- dist minister of the Genesee Conference, and died in Elmira, April 15, 1882), Francis S. (born March 10, 1812 ; he followed farming in Orwell until 1849. when he joined the Wyoming Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Ciuirch ; for many years w^as a successful and brilliant preacher; was chaplain of the 'First Regiment of Engineers, Corps d'Afrique, in service at Bragos and Santiago, Texas, in 1863-64; he died at Nichols, N. Y., May 15, 1890). Nathaniel Chubbuck came to this county in 1811, and after a short absence, when he returned in the spring of 1812, he found the roof of his log cabin crushed in bv the 714 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. snow, but with the assistance of neighbors this was soon repaired, and with a chest for a table and shingle blocks for chairs, he began housekeeping in the wilderness. He lived in the old log cabin thirteen years, and thei-e the first Methodist sermon ever delivered in that township was preached in 1813 by Marmaduke Pierce, who came from the oldest settlements do'wn tlie river at Mr. Chubbuck's invitation. Mr. Chubbuck shortly after joined the church and preached to his friends and neighbors many years. Soon after coming he built a tannerv, and combined tanning and shoe-making with farming and lumbering. To him and his wife were born eight children, four of whom reached maturity, as follows : Natlianiel J. (born 1812, and died in 1890; had passed the greater portion of his days at Monroe- ton, and commanded the respect of all who knew him), H. J. (born March 8, 1819, and is now a prominent farmer of Warren township), L. S., Hollis L. (born August 23, 1828, in the employ of the Govern- ment teaching the Indian schools). L. S. Chub^buck was born and reared on the farm he occu])ies, receiving a common-school education, and a course at Towanda Academy. At the age of sixteen he began teaching, and followed it many years; during his earlier years he would teach in the winters, farm during the summer, and attend the Academy of Towanda during the fall term. Completing his academical course, he continued teaciiing and farming nearly thirty years, then quit teaching and devoted his entire attention to farming; lias always made his home on the old homestead, and has assisted in clearing over 100 acres thereof; now owns 170 acres of fine farm land, which his son assists in managing, and which is well stocked. Mr. Chubbuck was united in marriage August 21, 1845, with Phoeba, born September 1, 1822, the fifth of a family of nine children of Daniel and Deborah (Ilichardson) Glcason, of Connecticut. To Mr, and Mrs. Chubbuck have been born four children : Mary E. (born February 1, 1847, married to Dr. O. D. Stiles, of Elmi'ra, N. Y.); Melville E. (born June 17, 1852, married to Stella Pitcher, and is now bookkeeper in the employ of D. T. Elvans, of Towanda): Clara E. (born April 17, 1854, married to C. W. Stevens); Ephton E. (born February 3, 18(52, married to tJennie Mauley ; he is a school teacher, also assists his father on the farm ; he was married February 17, 1888, and has one child, Manley Eaton. I^esides their farm business the father and son are extensive drovers, shi])- ping to markets in the southern part of the State. Mr. Chubbuck has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Orwell, since his sixteenth year, and is an earnest worker in the same ; he now iiolds the position of recording steward and secretary of the board of trustees ; he is a Republican, and has held the oifice of auditc^r of the township for thirty years, with the exception of three vears, when he held the office of town commissioner. O. J. CIIUIjBUCK, Towanda, was born in Orwell townshi]), this county. May 7, 1825. His father, Jacob Chui)buck, was the fourth child in afamily of twelve — ten sons and two daughters — of Nathaniel and Chloe Chubbuck. Jacob Chubbuck was born ]\Iarch 5, 1797, in Ellington, Tolland county. Conn., whence lie came, in 1814, with his HISTORY OF BKADKOKD COUNTY. "J 15 brothei" Aaron to Orwell. He retui-ned to his native place where he was married to Minerva Tiipper, October 7, lSr.>, and then brought lier to the Orwell farm, where he lived until about a year before his* death in 1873. At the time of his coming there was a small log house, and a clearing- of about one acre, all else around him being an unbroken for- est. Here he reared his family of six children — three sons and three daughters. The subject of this sketch being the second. The Chub- bucks are of Englisli stock; two brothers, Charles and Nathaniel, immigrants, landed at Plymouth, Nathaniel settling at AVareham, Mass. His son, Ebenezer, was in the French-Indian War, fighting under the British flag, and afterward was in the Revolutionary Wnv, rising to the rank of lieutenant in the line; he died in 1810. llis son Nathaniel (grandfather of subject), with his wife, Chloe, and daughter ChIoe(Mrs. Levi Frisbie). came to Orwell in 1818 and settled near his sons, Nathaniel, Aaron and Jacob. He ])urchased a large tract of land in Orwell, which, in time, became the farms of O. J. Chubbuck, E. C. Bull, Charles Pendleton and C. J. Chubbuck. The family came from Connecticut in the primitive pioneer way — an ox-cart, driVen by their son James, while the other boy, Daniel, drove the cows. Nathaniel, grandfather of O. J. Chubbuck, was born October 16, 1764, and died March 13, 1825; his wife, Chloe, was born March 14, 1768, and died October 11, 1832. Nathaniel Chubbuck, Jr., was born September 5. 1789, and died August 1, 1865. O. J. Chubbuck, the subject of this sketch, was reared in Orwell township, at the old family home, receiving his education in the pub- lic schools and in an Academy. In the winter of 1844-45 he com- menced teaching, but as the wages of teachers were small here, he went to Schuylkill, Berks and Columbia counties. He was, from the first, one of the most active school men of his day, and took a promi- nent part in organizing the Bradford County Teachers Association, which first met in January, 1855. In 1857 he was secretary of the Orwell School Board, and sent a request to the county superintendent of schools (Charles R. Coburn) to hold a County Teachers Institute at Orwell, antl the first Institute in the county was in Orwell commenc- ing September 7, 1857, of which Mr. Chubbuck was president and one of the principal teachers and lecturers therein. It is not amiss to explain here that he was, in his school work and in much of his educa- tion, a self-made man, one who rapidly rose and was widely honored as one of the leading educators in the county. In 1863, during his second terra as justice of the peace, he was elected county sujierinlend- ent of schools; he served his term and was re-elected in' 1866, serving two full terms, and was a chief factor in organizing the graded schools of the county. At the Institute of 1857, of which he was president, he exhibited a school-room globe of his own make and pattern, con- structed and mounted very much as are those now found in our Public Schools. His devotion to his office and interest in the schools of the county are visible in the effects still in force. In 1872 he was elected register and recorder of Bradford county, filling this as other ofti- cial positions, with fidelity, ai^ility and eminence. In an active, busy life he has not been a man of inerely one idea. He, early in life 716 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. espoused the cause of temperance, being an active and zealous member of the I. O. G. T., and a representative of his Lodge in the Right Worthy Grand Lodge at Ithaca, before the Grand Lodge of Pennsyl- vania was organized. Since the repeal of the "local option la\v," in 1875, he has been an open and avowed advocate of prohibition. His addresses on the subjects of education for the young and temperance for all have become a part of the county's literature. Earnest in his convictions and fearless in their defense, he has never been touched with bigotry or fanaticism. And in the patient yeai's of his active life he has been enabled to evolve a system of mental philosophy, which, in his mind, bears a like relation to the truths of mental science, as the Oopernican sj'stem of astronomy does to the movement of the Heavenly bodies. A study of the form and motions of the earth led to a correct system of astronomy ; so the study of the motions in one's own mind may lead to a knowledge equally as con- clusive and satisfactory. This seems true in his case, and seems in line with Scripture. This rather abstruse subject he has not pushed upon the public; he is content at present to leave the whole to the future, merely with this suggestion, confident it will at some time be taken up and carried to the full. He will remain more |)rominent as a chief promoter of our schools, and as an organizer and lecturer on schools and temperance, in his writings and published addresses. He was a delegate to county and State conventions, and as a member and officer in society meetings, and as a promoter of the prohibition party, he has stood as a central figure. Before the Prohibition State Conven- tion in 1882 he delivered an address that attracted wide and favorable notice. Mr. Chubbuck has been twice married : his first wife was Eunice Hicks, to whom he was married June 28, 1849 ; she died December 10, 1857, and he married, May 5, 1859, Ann E. Keeney, the daughter of Simon Z. Keeney, of Scotch and English descent. The family are active members of the Methodist Church, and he takes a prominent part in the Sunda\^-school, of which he was superintend- ent iVi Orwell, and a Church trustee. He is a member of the K. of P. Lodge, No. 290, and has served as deputy and keeper of records and seal, and representative to the Grand Lodge. REV. S. A. CHUBBUCK, minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Orwell, was born August 9, 1830, on the farm now owned by O. J. Chubbuck, in Orwell township, and is a son of Jacob and Minerva (Tupper) Chubbuck. His grandfather, Nathaniel Chubbuck, was a native of Connecticut, who came to Orwell in early times, and located in the neighljorhood, purchasing a large tract of land. He had a large family of children, many of whom distinguislied themselves in their various professions. John was a physician of note ; Hollis also was a physician, and practiced many years in Orwell, then in Elmira ; A. E. was a Methodist Episcopal minister of the Central New Yoi-k Con- ference ; F. S. was also a minister of the Wyoming Conference, and died in Nichols, N. Y., in 1890, being the last of that family; Aaron was a justice of the peace in Orwell man}^ yeai'S and associate judge, occuj)ying the bench with David AVilmot; and Jacob (the father of S. A. Chubbuck), a farmer, was one of the best-known citizens of the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 717 county. He reared a family of children as follows: Harriet Af., mar- ried to George Crowfoot, whom she survives ; (). J., of Towanchi ; ('hloe E., married to P. W. Champion, of Lanark, 111.; S. A.; Ellen M., mar- ried to Leonard O. Brown ; Tracy J.; Julia M., who died, aged twelve years. IS. A. Chubbuck was born and reared on a farm, and received his education in the common schools and at Orwell Hill Academv. He became a surveyor, followed that occupation some time, and has done a large amount of surveying in this county ; went West about 185-1:, and located in Minneapolis, Minn., working at the carpenter and joiner trade a short time ; then entered mercantile business there. He joined the church, and feeling a Divine call to preach he sold out his business and began his ministerial work in 1859; was ordained deacon in the fall of 1860, and for ten years was an earnest worker on the western frontier. He returned to his native State, entered the Cen- tral New York Conference, with which he was connected about twentv years, and in 1890 he was superannuated; he then purchased his pres- ent farm, which was a part of his grandfather's estate, and contains 100 acres of fine land. Mr. Chubbuck was united in wedlock, Septem- ber 21,1862, with C. B. Pendleton, daughter of Charles and Aurelin M. (Buffington) Pendleton, and to them have been born two children: Allie L. and Charles P. Mr. Chubbuck is a Prohibitionist, an earnest worker in the vineyard of the Lord, and his labors have been crowned with noted success. Surrounded by an interesting family and a host of friends, he is now en loving a well-earned repose. TRACY J. CHUBBUCK, farmer, P. O. Orwell, was born on the old homestead in Orwell township, this county, January 1, 1810, and is a son of Jacob Chubbuck. He passed his boyhood on the farm, and received his education in the common schools. ' On August 6, 1862, he enlisted in Company D, One Hundred and Fortv-tirst P. Y. I., and served in the ranks'' until just before the battle 'of Chancellorsville, when he was detailed on detached service, as a member of the brigade band. He was in the battle of Fredericksburg, while in the ranks, and was under fire in almost every engagement of the regiment sub- sequent to that ; although scratched several times by both ball and shell he vyas never seriously wounded, though, being on detached dutv, he was in many dangerous foraging expeditions. After seeing as dangerous and as hard service as almost anyone in the army, he was mustered out with his regiment, returned home and resumed farming, the first summer with his brother, O. J. Chubbuck, the next season on the Erie canal with his brother-in-law, George Crobutt, then for some time was in the West. Returning home, he was united in marriage, February 3, 1869, with Nancy M., daughter of Peleg and Marv (Seely) Tripp, of New York, whose family consisted of eleven children, of whom six reached maturity, viz.: Seymore, Nancy M., William, Jonathan (deceased), Jacob and Emma (married to Nathan Grant). In 1869 Mr. Chubbuck purchased his farm where he has since resided. R.heumatism and heart trouble came to him tiirough exposure during his term of service, which renders him unfit to do manual labor, but he oversees his farm which contains ninety acres of fine farm land. To Mr. and Mrs. Chubbuck have been born two children: Clarence T. 718 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUXTY. (a jeweler, boin Januaiy 2-1, 1872), and Cora E. (born February 24, 1877). Tlie family worship at the Methodist Episcopal Church of Orwell Hill. He is a member of the Stevens Post, No. 69, G. A. R., at Rome, and has filled the chairs of junior and senior vice-commander ; is a Proliibitionist, and has iield the otiice of school director. Mr. Chubbuck has passed his life, with the exception of the time spent in the army, in this section, where he and his estimable lady have built up a large circle of fi'iends, and are noted for their geniality and hosi)italitv. CALVIN W. CHURCHILL, retired farmer, Granville township, P. O. Le Roy, was born in Stockljridge, Berkshire Co., Mass., July 23, 1809, a son of Alvah (who was a son of Jacob Churchill) and Aurelia (Andrus) Churchill, who settled in Granville township, this county, in 1817, locating near Granville Centre, where the father worked at the tinsmith's trade and farmed on a small scale until his death. Alvah Churchill and his wife, Aurelia (daughter of Elisha Andrus, formerly of Berkshire, Mass., who settled in Granville township in 1820), had four children: Achsah (Mrs. Dunham Ross), Calvin W., Amanda (Mrs. Harry Bailey) and Fayette. Calvin W. Churchill, from nine years of age, was reared in Granville township, where he has since remained; he cleared and improved the farm of eighty acres he now occupies. He has been twice married ; his first wife was Lura, daughter of Hugh and Prudence (Bailey) Holcomb, of Le Roy town- ship, and by her he had three children, who grew to maturity : Olney, Lutilia (Mrs. Hollis A. Holcomb) and Martha (Mrs. D. S. Sherman); his second wife was Mrs. Mehitable (Ralyea) Gee, of Granville town- ship. Mr. Ciiurchill is one of the oldest living residents of Granville township; he is a member of the Chi'istian Church, and in politics is a Republican. JOHN CLAPPER, farmer, Tuscarora township, P. O. Silvara, was born in New Baltimore, N. Y., a son of William P. and Catherine (McCarg) Clapper, the former of German lineage and the latter of trish, both being natives of New York. His father, who was a car- penter and joiner by trade and a soldier in the War of 1812, reared a family of nine children, as follows: Hannah M. (deceased), married to David Jay, of Jiroome county, N. Y.; Peter, a farmer in Tuscarora : Margaret (Mrs. P. F. Llardee); John, the subject of these lines ; Will- iam, a farmer in Tuscarora; Sally Ann (Mrs. Edward Merbaker), of Rome; Mary Jane; Julia (Mrs. William Featherly), and Abram, a farmer in Michigan. Mr. Chipper learned the carpenter and joiner's trade and worked at it with his father until 1840, when he settled on a farm in Tuscarora townshij), ;ind has since been engaged chiefly in farming, but occasionallx^ working at his trade. He married, for his first wife, Harriet, daughter of J, C. and Margaret (French) Culver, of Sheshequin, by whom he had ten children, viz.: Elmer L., a merchant in New York; Amelia (deceased); James, a farmer, in Tuscarora; Icelda (Mrs. Nathaniel Strickland, in Tuscai-ora) ; Margaret (deceased); Daniel L., a farmer in Tuscaroi'a ; Catherine (deceased) ; Harriet (Mi's. Joel Carter, of Montrose) ; John F., a farmer in Pike, and Angeline, married to Wallace W. Gaylord, of Wyalusing. Mr. Clapper married. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTV. 719 for his second wife, Malvina, daughter of George and Fannie (Phelj)s) Maxfield Bennett, of Tuscarora. Mr. Chipper is a stanch liepublican, and has held the office of scliool director nine years ; constable, six years; assessor, three years; commissioner, six years, and several minor offices ; he is a friend of honest government, and a man of whom the community may well be proud. BENJAMIN CLARK, farmer, P. O. East Canton, was born in Orange county, N. Y., August 25, 1822, a son of Samuel and Hannah (Van Fleet) Clark, also natives of Orange county. Our subject came to Bradford county in 1847, locating where Lindly Stone now lives, in Le Roy, where he resided live years, after which he removed to his present residence. He was reared and educated in Orange county, N. Y., and on February 9, 1841, he was united in marriage with Arniinda, daughter of Noyse and Nancv Wickham, of Orange county. He enlisted in the Twelfth New York Cavalry, Company I, serving one year, after which he was honorably discharged, and he now draws a pension of $8.00 per month. " lie is the father of four children, three of whom are now living: Nancy M., married to Holcey Clark; Elmira J., married to John Shoemaker; and Harding, married to Ella M. Dunbar, by which union there is one son, Harry Ashton, born May 18, 1875. Mr. Clark resides on a farm of fifty-two acres of well- improved land, all of which is under cultivation ; he raises grain, stock and butter. He is a member of the Church of Christ, and of the G. A.. R. Politically he is an Independent Republican, and has been honored with several town offices, all of which he discharged with credit. B. M. CLARK, undertaker, Rome, was born July 22. 1845, on the farm owned by his brother, and is a son of Harry and Ellen (Brown) Clark, natives of this county. His boyhood was passed on his father's farm, and in attending school in Rome and Orwell ; he afterward learned the trade of mason. His first farm was the old homestead which contained one hundred and twenty acres, which he sold to his brother, and in 1876 he built his present residence — an elegant house containing all modern conveniences. He was united in marriage October 20. J 868, with Eliza Vought, daughter of John and Esther (Horton) Vought (the former born at Standing Stone, and the latter in Sheshequin), whose famil}^ consisted of six children of which Mrs. Clark is the second. Mr. and Mrs. Clark have an adopted child. May, now in her twelfth year ; the family worship at the Baptist Church. Mr. Clark is an unsw^erving Republican in politics, and has held the office of township commissioner for two years, besides other local offices. The Clark family are well-known and highly respected by a large circle of friends. GILBERT M. CLARK, shoe merchant, contractor, and dealer in horses, Towanda, was born in Athens township, this county, Sep- tember 14, 1846, and is a son of Samuel S. and Rachel (Smith)^Clark, both natives of New York State, who settled in Athens township about 1830, where his father engaged in lumbering and farming, and cleared and improved the farm on which he at ])resent resides ; their childi-en were Charles M., James H., Samuel W., Gilbert M. and Rachel A. 730 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. (Mrs, Edgar Knight). Our subject was reared in Athens township, where he received a common-school education. During the late Civil AVar he was engaged in buying- horses for the(4overnment, and in 18(U; settled in Towanda, where he was engaged as a contractor on what is now the Lehigh Valley Railroad, one and a half years. In 1868 he embai'ked in the shoe business, Avhich, with the exception of one year, he has since carried on. Since 1885 he has also been engaged as a con- tractor on street paving, and since 1887 as a buyer and seller of Cana- dian horses. On January 20, 1870, he married Mary, daughter of Abraham and Eliza (Reed) Clark, of Angelica, N. Y. Re is a Royal Arch Mason, Scottish Rite, and is a past high priest of Chapter No. 108 of Towanda; politically he is a stanch Democrat. Hx\RRY CLARK, retired farmer, Avas born in Rome township, Bradford Co., Pa., May 1, 1808, and is the son of Laflet and Lois (Parks) Clark. Laflet Clark was a native of Pennsylvania, who came to this county and located at Standing Stone several years prior to Harry's birtli, and was a pioneer farmer and lumberman of this section ; he died in Rome township at the advanced age of eighty-four years. Harry Clark spent his boyhood in the wilderness, attending school as much as the opportunities would permit; his first teacher was Lena Woodburn, and he was present when that school-house was demolished by a cyclone ; he passed his boyhood and early manhood in clearing awa}'^ the forests, and has made thirty-seven trips down the river lumbering, walking all the way on the return trip, which usually required five days ; he earned the money Avith which to buy his first pair of shoes by cutting the timber from one acre of land, and then got cheated in the shoes ; he now owns one hundred and thirty acres. Mr. Clark was twice married, first, January 27, 1839, to Ellen Brown, who died October 11:, 1854; for his second wife he married, January 19, 1855, C. O. Parks; he has had six children, five by his first wife, and one by his second, viz. : John U., B. M., Laflet, Lemuel, Ellen (married to Oscar Middaugh), Frances (married to William Loyd). Mr. Clark is one of tiie old landmarks of this section, having spent his long, and useful life witiiin the township's borders ; he is a Republican. II. L. CLARK, of the firm of Gleason 6c Clarks, tanners, Canton, was born in Canton, this county, June 23, 1869, a son of Byron W. and Elizabeth (Mitchell) Clark. He is the third in order of birth in a fam- ily of four children, and was reared in Canton, and received his educa- tion in the graded schools of that place; took a course in bookkee])ing and stenography at the School of Commerce, in Elmira, N. Y., and taught the latter l)ranch a short time in the college there. He held the position of private seci-etary for the ])i-osi(lent of the New York and Pennsylvania Telephone Company, in New York City, about two months, then returning to Canton, he purchased in May, 1887, an interest in the Canton tannery, which he has been connected with since. He was married in Canton Fel)ruary 6, 1890, to Ida G., daughter of Henry and ]\Liria (Griffin) Spencer, natives of Union townsliip. Tioga Co., Pa., and Canton townshij), this county, respect- ivelv. Henry S])encer is a farmer, and resides in Canton township. Mrs. Clark is the only child, and was born in Canton townshi}), Octo HISTORY OF HUADFOiil) COUNTY. 721 ber 11, 1867 ; she is a member of the Disciple Church, Mr. Clark being a member of the Baptist. Politically he is a Prohibitionist. J. FRED CLARK, of the firm of Gleason & Clarks, tanners, is a native of Tio^a county. Pa., and was born March 14, 1864, a son of Byron and Elizabeth (Mitchell) Clark, also natives of Tioga county. The father, who was a druggist and banker, served as burgess of the borough, and was a school director, being a member of the board when the school was established ; he died in 18Y9, in his forty -eighth year. Mrs. Clark married the second time, and is now the wife of L. R. Gleason, and resides in Canton. Our subject, who is the eldest in a family of four children, was reared in Tioga county. Pa., until four years of age, when the family moved to Canton. He received his education in the borough schools, and theElmira School of Commerce. He clerked in his father's drug store until 1880, and then attended the high school, studying special branches in 1882 ; went West and traveled through different States six months, after which he returned and went to work in the Canton tannery, and in 1884 he purchased from the heirs his father's interest in the drug store of Clark & Whit- man, and was m the drug business until 1887. Selling his interest to his partner, J. O. Whitman, he, with his brother, H. B., bought a one- half interest in the Canton Tannery, since which time he has been superintendent of the business. Mr. Clark was married in Addison, jN\ Y., in 1885, to Frances C, daughter of George and Anna (Baldwun) Taggart, natives of ISTew York ; her father was a merchant and hotel keeper; he served as quarter-master during the war, and was made brevet major for gallant service. Mrs. Clark is the third in a family of four children, and was born in Addison, iS"". Y., September 28. 1863^ she is a member of the Episcopal, Mr. Clark of the Baptist, Church. Politically, he is a Prohibitionist. S. S. CLARK, farmer, Athens township, P. O. AVilawana, was born October 25, 1810, in Candor, Tioga Co., N. Y., a S(m of Samuel S. and Mary (Van Tile) Clark, both of whom were born in Orange countv, N". Y., of English and Dutch descent. S. S. Clark, Sr., was the son of Jacob Clark, a soldier of Revolutionary fame. Jonathan Van Tile, his grandfather, was also in the Revolutionary AVar. S. S. Clark died about 1824; his wife in 1814. Our subject was four years old when his mother died, and fourteen at the time of his fathers death ; he is the fourth in a family of eight, only two of whom are now living; he is eighty-one years old and is in good health. He removed to this county in November, 1835, locating in what is now known as Wila- wana, but then as Orcut Creek, and a wilderness, but by patience and hard toil he has made it a paradise. Daniel Orcut was the first settler. and sold Mr. Clark his lot of thirty -five acres, to vvhich he has added two other lots of fifty and twenty-three acres, respectively. In De- cember, 1831, he married Rachel, daughter of Waiteand Rachel Smith, and to this union were born seven children, five of whom are now liv- ing, as follows: Charles M.; J. IL, a contractor on the D. L. & W. R. R.; S. W.. grain dealer in Elmira, N. Y.; G. M., who has a shoe store in Towanda; and R. A. (Mrs. Knight). Mr. (Mark is a retired farmer, living with his daughter, Mrs. R. A. Knio-ht, on his own homestead : tT2 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. his wife died May 4, 1877, at the age of sixty-four years. He has held the office of justice of the peace ten years ; is a member of the F. tfc A. M., and politically he is a Democrat. ISAAC CLEAVER, of Cleaver ct Bailey, prominent dealers in gen- eral merchandise, Troy, was born in Covington, Tioga Co., Pa., Janu ary 21, 1843, a son of Samuel and Mary E. (Jackson) Cleaver, and comes of Quaker stock. He was reared in his native county and received a common-school education ; when twenty years of age he began his business career as a clerk in his native town, and in 1865 located in Troy where he was clerk in the store of Newberry & Peck until 1874, when he was admitted into partnership, and that business was conducted under the firm name of Newberry, Peck tfe Co., until January 1, 1890, when Messrs. Newberry & Peck retired, and the firm has since been Cleaver & Bailey. Mr. Cleaver married, in 1867, Maria L., daughter of James H. and Lydia (Palmer) Willour, and by her has two children : Harry and Mary Emily. Mr. Cleaver is one of the live enterprising businessmen of Troy,and a popular merchant ; he is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, a Sir Knight Templar, and in politics a Republican. E. J. CLEVELAND, attorncN^ at law and insurance agent, Canton, is a native of Mason ville, Delaware Co., N. Y., born July 7, 1856, a son of Dr. J. E. Cleveland, of Canton, also a native of Masonville, born August 4, 1829 ; his parents were Josiah D. and Lucy (Bryant) Cleve- land, natives of Connecticut. The Doctor began the practice of med- icine in his native place in 1859, and in the fall of 1860 cameto Canton ; after remaining about eiii'ht months he removed to Ogdensburg, Tioga Co., Pa., where he practiced until 1875, then returned to Canton, and has followed his profession in that place since. He was married in Franklin, N. Y., in 1850, to Nancy T., daughter of John and Phoebe (Iviff ) Lyon, natives of Bloomville, Delaware Co., N. Y. Mrs. Cleve- land was born in Bloomville, N. Y., March 17, 1827. The subject of this memoir, who is the younger of two children living, was reared in his native place until three yeai'S of age, when the family removed to ( )g(lensburg, Pa. There he remained until 1875, when he removed to Canton, and has since resided here. He received his education in the graded schools, and took private lessons of Prof. H. E. Raessly, now superintendent of the Tioga County Schools ; began reading law under Davis A: Carnochan in 1878, and was admitted to the bar in Febi'uai-y, 1881 ; engaged in tlie insurance business in 1885. purchasing the agencies of Jolm A. Moody and R. M. Manley. He was mai'ried in Canton. July 16, 1884, to Jennie F., daughter of Francis S. and Elizabeth W. (Davis) Elliott, natives of J>radl'ord county. P^-ancis Elliott was a l)uil(ler and contractor, and died in Canton in 1880, aged sixty years. Mrs. Cleveland is the fifth in the order of birth in a family of three daughters and three sons, and was born in Canton township, this county, in Octoi)ei' 1S59. To Mr. and INlrs. Cleveland were born two children : Florence J. and Eloise F. Mrs. Cleveland is a membei" of tlu' I )i.sci|)le Church. Mr. (Meveland isamember of the F. & A. M., (Canton Lotlge. No. 415, and Troy Chapter, No. 261 ; also a membei' of the I. O. O. F., Canton Lodge, No. 321, and holds the office of U. G. of HISTORY OF HHADFORI) COUNTY. 723 the Canton Encain])ment, also the office of S. W.; is secretai-v of the Innes Hose Co.; secretary of the Equitable Aid Union, and secretary of the Underwriters Association. Politically he is an Independent, and is serving his second term as justice of the peace. FRANKLIN COBURN, farmer and stock grower, P. O. Warren Centre, is a native of Warren township, this county, born July 18, 1831, on the farm where he resides, a son of Daniel H. and Harriet (Dening) Coburn, natives of Pennsylvania and Massachusetts, respect- ively, and of good old English stock, Daniel was the son of Moses and Maria (Ilorton) Coburn, of Connecticut. Moses came to this county about the year 1800, and located in Wan-en township, where his wife died in December, 181:9, he dying June 1, 1850 ; tlieir children were nine in number, as follows: Daniel H., Roswell L. (married to Lucy Keeler, both deceased, leaving five children), Frances (Mrs. James Olmstead, who died, the mother of seven children), Phebe (Mrs. Nathan Young, Jr., who died July 27, 1844, her husband June 2, 1890), Mary (deceased), Augustus (married to Sophia Manning, had four children, and both died in 1873), George (married to Caroline Barton, and had four children), Harriet (Mrs. Herman Knapp, had three children, and she died in 1880) Betsev (Mrs. Landers) residing in (Jwego. Daniel II. Coburn was reared in Warren township, and died in 1876; his wife in 1872; they had six children: Fi'anklin, Maria (Mrs. John C. Manning), Mary S. (Mrs. Newman N. Bowen, who had four children and died in 1876), Ellen (Mrs. Lewis A. Bosworth, died in 1864), Julia (Mrs. George M. Griswold, of Owego, has three children) and Daniel F. (who served his countr\' in the Civil War in the One Hundred and Ninth N. Y. V. I., and was killed January 16, 1865, bv the explosion at Fort Fisher; at the time of his death he was a lieutenant). Franklin Coburn grew to manhood on the farm, and learned a more practical life than that of books, but was sufficiently advanced to teach school several terms, going to New Jersey, in 1851, to teach, returning in 1866, and has since devoted his time wholly to his farm of one hundred and forty acres. He was married in New Jersey, in 1856, to Catherine M. Mauley, daughter of Rev. John and Martha Vandeveer, natives of New Jersev, and of English descent, who reared a famil}^ of seven children, Catherine being the second (she was reared and educated in Ncav Brunswick). To Mr. and Mrs. Coburn have been born five children, as follows : Charles R., marrietl to Carrie Chaffee, and has one child, Ilattie ; Martha D. ; Daniel F. ; Sarah D. and Maud E. The family worship at the Presbyterian Church, of which Mr. Coburn is elder; in politics he is a Republican. J. P. COBURN, merchant, Orwell Hill, was born in Warren town- ship, this county, December 16, 1837, a son of Sidne\^ and Lois (Mer- ricle) Coburn, whose ancestors came from Connecticut to Warren town- ship, this county, in an earl>' day. Sidney Coburri wjis born in War- ren township in 1802, and died in 1844. He had a family of four children, of whom J. P. is the youngest ; the mother died May 6, 1891. J. P. Coburn lived on his father's farm and received his early education in the district schools, and at Towanda (Collegiate Institute. He began his attendance there, teaching winters, and continued his 724 HISTORY OF HRADFOHI) COUNTY. attendance, teaching during the winter terms four years. On August 13, 1S62, he enhsted in Company B, One Hundred and Forty-first llegiment ; was soon promoted to corporal, and was on detached duty as clerk in the commissary department ; he was nevr off duty or absent a dav from his brigade during his time of service. He was mustered out with his regiment, returned home and resumed teaching and farming until 1SG9, when he sold his farm and formed a*partner ship with A. C. Frisbie, opening a store at Orwell Hill, where he has since remained. In 1876 he purchased his jiartners interest, and has continued alone ; was elected a member of the Legislature of Penn- sylvania in 1882, serving one term. Is a stock-holder and one of the managers of the Orwell Creamery Company, which was organized in 1887 (the compan}'- manufactured about 47.000 pounds of butter in 1890, and paid the farmers over $7,000 for milk). He was one of the corporators of the Orwell library in 1876, and has ever since been its librarian. Mr. Coburn was married in September, 1871, to Harriet G., a daughter of Lewis Barns, and they have four children : Sidney L., Lois I)., Carrie E. and Gertrude. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church, of which he is secretary, and member of the board of trustees ; he has been a member of the F. & A. M. over twenty years ; is a member of Stevens Post, No. 69, G. A. R., and in ]K)lities he is a Republican. LEWIS B. COBURN, hardware merchant, T^jnvanda, was born in "Warren township, this county, September 22, 1845, and is a son of George and Caroline (Barton) Cbburn. His paternal grandfather, Moses Coburn, was a native of New England and a pioneer of War- ren township, where he cleared and improved a farm, and reared a family of nine children, as follows : Daniel, Roswell, Augustus, Frances (Mrs. James Olmstead). George, Harriet (Mrs. Llarmon Knapp), Mary, Phebe (Mrs. Nathan Young) and Betsey (Mrs. Landers). The maternal grandfather was Lewis Barton, a ])ioneer of Susquehanna county, Pa. George Coburn spent most of his life in farming and teaching school, for wliich his services were much sought. He died in Tioga county, N. Y., in 1878; his children were: Arabella (Mrs. John Kelley), Caroline, Lewis B. and Edward. Lewis Ij. Co- burn was reared in Tioga county, N. Y., and educated in the pul)lic and commercial schools of Syracuse, N. Y., and at the Owego Acaci- emy, Owego, N. Y. He began life as a clerk, and in 1886 engaged in the liardware Inisiness in Towanda, where by close attention to the wants of the people he has built up a lucrative trade. In 1868 he married .Mary, daughter of Charles and Harriet (Dickerson) Ames, of West Warren, this county. Mr. Coburn has been a resident of Towanda since 1869, and is one of its representativ^e citizens and business men ; politicallv he is a Repul)lic;m. EDGAR II. C()I)I)IN(;, editor of the LeJlaysville Advertiser, was born Ai)ril 4, 18.')6. in Pike townsiiip. thiscoun;./, a son of Dr. David S. and Asenath Celinda (Ladd) Co(hling, the former a native of Dutchess county, X. V.. and the latter of Albany townshi)), this county. Mr. Codding, who is the eighth in a family of ten children, was educated at the LeRaysville graded scliool, and began life foi* HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 725 himself by teaching the Beecher school in Pike township, when but eighteen years of age. He taught six years, and then spent about one year in the West, where he was engaged in mercantile business ; then followed the grocei'y business in Lellaysville, two years, after which he was employed by George Bailey, two years in the mercantile business. In January, 1887, he purchased the Leliaysville Advertiser^ and later admitted F. M. Wheaton as partner. On January, 30, 1884, Mr. Codding married Helen, daughter of George S. and Lucy (Cor- bin) Gorham. who were among the earl_y settlers in Warren township. Mrs. Codding is a member of tlie Congregational Church. Mr. Cod- ding in his })olitical views is a Republican. COLONEL JOHN A. CODDING, Towanda. Every old and long established community, b}'^ an unwritten law of selection, tends toward the process of sitting out and placing at the fore some recognized common leader in our social and business life. These chosen men lead, not by virtue generally of any written law. but mostlv by that instinct of cohesion and dependence upon superiors tiiat is an under-current in every social life, and in all communities. In the rude and wild tribes these leaders are their lighters, and the degrees of civilization are measured by the domination of mind, and to this advance in time comes that yet higiv type of " mentor and friend '' who combines integrity of character with broadening of intellect. The appositeness of these reflections, linked to the gentleman's name that heads this sketch, will be apparent by the briefest recital of the public and private ])ositions of honor and trust that the good will of his old neighbors and friends have put upon Col. Codding through a continuous generation of years. Forty years ago he was an humble mechanic, and an occa- sional short winter-term school teacher, and was in 1853 consti'ucting canal locks, railroad bridges, stone and brick buildings, and plaster- ing houses and, though by nature retiring and negative, yet his neighbors found him out, and from a private adviser and friend they promoted him, by their spontaneous will, from the trowel and the liammer to high sheriff of the county, in which he served from 1854 until 1857, and was then made deputy-sheriff', and was in this position three years from 1857 to 18fi(». In 1862 he filled, by appointment of Gov. Curtin (who had already sent him, unsolicited, a full captain's commission), the difficult and responsible office of commissioner of the draft, and he performed its every duty with eminence and fidelity. A short parenthesis just here is necessary : When the war came Col. C(jdding was by far tiie leading military character of the county. He had had vast experience anil varied service in the old State militia, a strong military organization in peace times. He had served for yeai's as Brigade Inspector, t^ e district then being composed of five counties, and in this service had j/assed the grades of captain, major, lieutenant- colonel to Brigade Inspector, a most responsible position, with suffi- cient salary to command his undivided time and attention. He thus served until the old military organization of the State was changed in 1845. and at the breaking out of war the Governor looked naturally to him as the one man of military affairs in Bradford, and was ready to give him any position he might prefer, He began organizing and 41 72G HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. drilling- a company, and soon this grew so large that it was divided into two companies, and it fell to the second company to go e7h masse into the service, while Col. Codding continued to raise and drill men and forward them to the front. In this way he rendered his country invaluable service. In 18S0 the Colonel was made clerk to the prothonotary of Bradford county, and served to the satisfaction of the entire community, four years ; in 1880 he was made a magistrate, has filled the office con- tinuously since, and was again elected for five years, from May, 1891, where perhaps, as mutual friend of neighbors, hot and eager for legal frays, he has rendered more valuable services to a greater number of people than has probably any other man ever in the county. In 1876 he became president of the Eureka Mower Company, Towanda, and his clear judgment and quick perceptions were of the highest measure to that concern. In 1854 he was tlie close friend of Hon. David Wilmot and Judge Mercur, in founding in this State the Republican party, where, as everywhere, his advice was clear cut, carrying much weight, and he was a real factor in swinging the great Commonwealth into line where a Lincoln was to lead and a Grant to command. The social side of this man's life is not so easiW written, but it is in the hearts of the many whom he has befriended in the hour of trial and great need, attested joyfully by all in open glad acts at every opportunity. lie has now reached that age, but that is all, when the average man would begin to retire from active life. Born in Dutchess county, jST. Y., July 6, 1819, of David and Susannah (Wood) Codding, the son of an honest mechanic, and himself successfully passing the degrees of the mechanic's craft, from the humblest to the highest. His father's family came to Bradford county in 1823, locating in Pike township, and in time the father taught school and became a distinguished minister of the Protestant Methodist Ciiurch; he died in August, 1874. His family numbered six children, of whom John A. w^as the fourth in the order of birth. He now looks back with no inconsiderable ])ride upon some of the substantial buildings m this county and in Elmira, N. Y., that are yet evidences of his skilled hand, wljen he was a young mechanic on the threshold of his long, useful and honorable life. In November, 1847, John A. Codding and Per- ciller L. Hodge were joined in the l)onds of wedlock at her home in Lellaysville ; she was a daughter of Rev. James and Rebecca (jMiller) Hodge, natives of Pennsylvania. Of this union there were four children, as follows: James 11. Codding, John W. Codding, Dr. Charles L. Codding, of Duluth, and Mary (Afrs. Alexander II. Davis). Mrs. Codding departed this life Februar\' 4, 1888. Dr. Charles L. Coddinu' was born in the court-house in Towanda, while his father was sherilf; is a distinguished physician of Duluth, i\rinn. ]\rrs. Mary (Codding) Davis is a resident of Duluth, Minn. Two of this family of children have gone out from the roof-ti'ee, bear- ing in their hearts the admonitions of their childhood home, and two are here in lluiir native place, while all have so deported themselves as to advance along that higher plane of life that comes of the wise and gentle ministralious imj)arted to I hem in their lender childhood, lion- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 727 oring a parent that has honored them by their exeniphiry and upright lives — all of them have inherited well that shield that would turn as Avholly harmless every shaft of envy or detraction that might be cast at them. Mr. Codding lias been a consistent and ])rominent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church during the past thirty years, much of the time serving as class leader, and has been secretary and treas- urer of the church iifteen years. During thirteen years he was judge of elections ; for many terms was a member and president of the school board, and was largely instrumental, while in that body, in the building of the elegant school-house in 1873. He is a Royal Arch Mason. He was apj^ointed census enumerator in 1880, and performed the duties of that otiice completely, and to the entire satisfaction of his official superiors. JAMES 11. CODDING, a leading member of the Bradford county bar, was born in Pdce township, this county, July 8, 1849, and is the eldest son and child of John A. and Perciller (Hodge) Codding. He was reared in Towanda from live years of age, and educated at Sus- quehanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda, and Dartmouth College. From 1S68 to 1876, he was engaged in the hardware business in Towanda with Cotlding tie Russell. After that he studied law with Henry Streeter, Esq., was admitted to the bar in February, 1871), and has been in active ])ractice of his profession since. On Septem- ber 15, 1870, he married Blanche, daughter of Theodore and Martha (Clark) Wells, of Muncy, Pa., and has one son, Arthur. In 1890 i\Ir. Codding was the Re])ul)lican candidate for jiresident judge for the Thirteenth Judicial District of Pennsylvania, but was defeated in elec- tion by the Independent Rei)ublican fusion with the Democrats ; polit- ically he has al\va3^s been a stanch Republican, and never, even in the bitterest political campaign ever witnessed in the county, was he person- ally assailed, and no man in the county to-day stands fairer in name and fame among his neighbors of all classes. JOPIX W. CODDING, district attorney, Towanda, was born in Pike township, this county. June 10, 1854, and. is a son of John A. and Perciller L. (Hodge) Codding. He Avas reared in Towanda, and was educated at Lafa3'ette College, where he was graduated in 1877; the same year he began the study of law in the office of Overton tS:^ Mercur, Towanda, and was admitted to the bar September 5, 1879, and has since been in active practice as a meml)erof the law firm of James H. & John W. Codding. He was married November 12, 1890, to Anne E., daughter of Maj. Elias W. and Mary J. (Taylor) Hale, of Towanda. He is a member of the Episcopal Church, Towanda, and has been chairman of the Bradford County Republican Committee three years, 1880-1887-1888; was elected district attorney of Brad- fonl county in 1889, and has discharged the high office with marked fidelity and ability. Mr. Codding has been a Republican, ever stanch in his politics, and true and trusted in his friendsliip, and is accounted one of the strong and leading attorneys of Bradfoi'd countv. P>ELA COGSWELL, retired Free Will Baptist minister, Silvara, was born in Tuscarora township, this county, January 10, 1817. The Cogswell family were among the earliest settlei's of Tuscarora, and ?28 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. have always been prominent in the history of their section. The progenitor of the family, in America, was John Cogswell, born in Westbury, England, in 1592, who sailed May 23, 1635, on the ship •' Angel," to America, and was wrecked off the coast of Pemaquid, but, together with his vvnfe and four sons and five daughters, was washed ashore, August 15, same year, all escaping death. From this man the subject of this sketch is descended as follows : John, William, William, Edward, Samuel, Edward, Edward, Elisha, Elisha, Bela, subject, being of the ninth generation from John Edward. The grand- father was (piite a prominent chanicter in the early settlement and development of Tuscarora ; born March 24. 1767, at New Milford, Conn,, he married Bertha Beeman, February 10, 1770, and nine years later removed to Frenchtown, this county, and being a miller by occupa- tion, it is presumed that he found employment in the early mills of that section; about the year 1800 he removed to the valley of Tuscarora creek, near the present site of the village of Silvara, aud established a permanent home, which is still in the possession of his descendants ; he had a family of nine children, the second. Elisha, being the father of Bela; he was born in Iji-adford county, April 4, 1792, mai'ried January 7, 1816, to Hannah Ford, and died June 4, 1873; his children were : Bela, Niram J., Jarvis B., Caroline M., Emeline F. Elisha was a farmer by occupation, and owned the farm now occupied by Bela; he also followed lumbering and shingle making to a considerable extent; was a soldier of 1812, and served his country faithfully through that l)rief but bitter struggle; was an ardent lover of the chase, and his faithful rifle furnished provender for his family during the period when food was so scarce that they otherwise would have suffered. It is an historical fact that he purchased a yoke of oxen to be paid for in venison, giving a ton thereof for the cattle ; he secured this amount by the agreed time, all killed with his old Hintlock rifle ; he was a member of the Methodist p]piscopal Church, and over fifty years steward and trustee of his church. Bela Cogswell mai'ried October 19, 1837, Eunice Prentice, and aftei- her death married, May 22, 1870, for his second wife, Mrs. Lydia Fuller, widow of llev. Still- man F'uller. Bv his first marriage he had the following children : Abel B., born March 7, 1839, died January 28,1857; Sophrona M., born July 4, 1841, married John Ruger, a farmer of Tuscarora ; Emma K., born'March 16. 1844, mnrried Joseph II. Atkins (lie was asoldier of the Rebellion, and was wounded in battle, from the effects of which he died shortly after his return home); Mary A., born July 2. 1846, married L. B. Lacev, an undertaker, of New Laceyville, Pa.; Stella A., born September" 22, 1849, died October 30, 1887 ; Tlosmer E., born July 4, 1854 (was accidentally shot while hunting, November 16, 1876) ; Ward B., born March 27, 1868, merchant, of Silvara, Pa. Our subject was reared on a farm and had only the ediic;itional advantages ail'orded by the common schools of th;it d;iy; at the age of sixteen he began teaching, which he followed about three years, and then turneradford county; the father died in 1876, aged eighty-four. Grandfather Cole, who was one of the earliest pioneers in the county, settled in what is now Asy- lum township, and took up a large and vahuible tract of land. ^ He reared a large family. He was a farmer who, while laboring afield, axe in hand, measuring his strength against the dark old forests, found time to read medicine and theology, and, in company with his brother, Dr. Daniel Cole, who was one of the most ]irominent physicians of the county in his day, fed and cured men's bodies and saved souls. David W.' Cole, who'^is the second in a family of six children, who grew to their maturity, was reared in his native place, receiving his early education at the neighborhood schools of his day. He became a farmer for a short time; but, impelled by a something that had mixed with his boyish dreams, he gathered his little bundle, joined those who go down to the sea in ships, and was soon found before the mast upon the salt waters. During the latter part of this time he was sailing on the lakes, on the "J. C. Anthony," a vessel of his own building, which he controlled six years. AYlien the Civil War broke out he went to the Southern waters, in Government employ, with the blockading Heets, and had charge of Government vessels, serving dur- ing the entire war; and while not a regidar enlisted soldier, he had often stood picket guard over Government suj^iJies, and as a sentinel to wai'u against an approaching enemy. He left the water in 1878 and returned to his old Wvsox home, "a common "land lubber" once HISTORY OK URADFORD COUNTY. 731 more, and removed to his present liome in 1884. On flune2'2, 1853, Mr. Cole was united in marriag-e with Catherine, daughter of Amos Sigler, of Geneva, N. Y., and of Engh'sh descent. Of this union there is one child, Nellie (Mrs. Henry B. AVilson). Mrs. Cole is a member of tiie Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Cole was made a Freemason at Madison, N. Y.,and a Chapter member at S\'racuse. In politics he is a Republican, and has often been a delegate to important county conventions of the E.ej)ublican part3\ J. H. COLE, physician, Gillett, was born in IJinghamton, 'N. Y., October 24. 1817. a son of Benjamin and Abigail (Fanning) Cole, the former a naiive of Rhode Island. About the year 1820, Benjamin Cole came to this county from ]>inghamton with his wife and four children, the journey being made by horse and wagon, and located in Leona. Springfield township, where he purchased two hundred acres of wild land which he cleared. His life was that of a pioneer, sur- rounded by all the usual hardships ; his house was of logs and bark, and like all other early settlers much of his fare was obtained in the woods and streams. During this time there were born to him four more children, making a family of eight, five of whom grew to maturity, four now living. Dr. Cole, who is the third in the family, was reared and educated in Springfield, and early showing a preference for the medical profession, began the study under Dr. W. Hopkins, of Wellsburg, JN. Y.; then attended the Washington Medical College, in Baltimore, Md., two terms (1839-40); subsequently attended one term at the BuftVilo Medical College, from which he was graduated in 1854. The Doctor's first practice was at Bentley Creek, this county, where he remained two 3'ears, and then removed to Wells township, where he practiced with success twenty -five years, after which he came to Gillett where he now resides. On July 13, 1843, Dr. Cole married at Wells, this county, Catherine, daughter of Geheil and Emily Ayres, and there were born to them three children, two of whom, Dorleskie and Inez, grew to maturity, but are now deceased. The Doctor has held the office of postmaster in Wells township, seven 3a^ars, and was also town clerk, showing the confidence reposed in him by his fellow citizens. He practices according to the regular school of medicine. WILLIAM F. COLE, farmer, P. O. Macedonia, was born in Asylum township, this county, October 22, 1820, and grew to manhood on his father's farm, where he now resides. He is a son of Samuel and Betsy (Sherman) Cole, natives of New York State, born of Yankee and Dutch ancestry. Samuel Cole was a soldier in the War of 1812 and a pensioner. The son was educated in the schools of the town, and when of age commenced farming on his own account. He was first married in 1849 to Mary E. Sterigere, and there were born to them seven chil- dren, four of whom are living, as follows : Edward A., born July 24, 1852, married to Frances Wilcox ; J\[ary I., born September 14, 1858 ; Willis W., l)orn in 1858, married to Charlotte Shinnefelt ; Clara I., born July 23, 1860, wife of F. E. Yanness. Mrs. Cole died May 1, 1864, mourned by all who knew' her, and August 27, 1864, Mr. Cole married Martha A. Watson, who was born September 9, 1844, daughter of Jairus and Rebecca (YanLoon) Wat- 732 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. son, of New Albany, this county, and there is one child, Alice G., born December 9, 1865, wife of George G, Stevens. Mr. Cole is a Repub- lican, and has been school director many years ; he has never taken an active interest in ])olitics, but has attended closely to iiis farming inter- ests. He owns about tAvo hundred and sixty acres of land, and has been an extensive grower of small fruits, together with general farming; he has had a crop of grapes every j'ear for the past sixty years, and has had one of the finest peach orchards in the countv. WILLIAM WALTER COLE, farmer, Minnequa, is a native of Minnequa, Canton township, this county, and was born April 30, 1840, a son of D. R. and Mahitabel (Roberts) Cole, natives of Phila- delphia and Canton, respectively. His father was born in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1812, and was reared there until seventeen years of age, when he came to Canton township ; he learned the whip-maker's trade in Philadelphia ; from 1833 until 1839 he had a boot and shoe shop, after which he followed farming; he died March 29, 1890. Mrs. Cole was born in 1816, and died in 1882. Our subject's grandfather, John Joslin Cole, was a native of Connecticut and went to Philadelphia when a young man; he was engaged in mercantile business there for some time, then went West, but returned to Canton township, where he died in the spring of 1865. His great-grandfather, Washington Cole, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and lived in New York State several years, where he died. William Walter Cole, who is the fourth in the order of birth in a famih' of eight sons, was reared in Canton township, receiving his education in the select schools of Can- ton, and taught three terms. At the breaking out of the Civil War, responding to his country's call, he enlisted August 24, 1861, in Com- pany F, Eleventh P. V. C. (for three years' service), formerly Har- lem's Light Cavalry. He was in active service and served under (tcus. Cautz, Sheridan and Wilson, and was mustered out at Jones' Neck Landing, August 24, 1864. Returning home he re-enlisted, February 20, 1865, this time in tlie Government Construction Corps, and served until the close of the war. Since his return home Mr. Cole has followed farming, having purchased the feed-mill he now owns, in the fall of 1873, and built a sawmill in addition to it in 1875, that was run about three years. He was married in Canton, December 25, 1868, to Nettie A., daughter of Andrew and ]\Iariette (Ruggles) Richards, natives of Vermont; her father was a mechanic, and died in Lisle. J>roome Co., N. Y., in 1848; her mother married, for her second husband, Solomon Morse, and resides in East Ti'oy. Mrs. Cole is the eldest in order of birth in a family of three children ; she was born in Broome county, N. Y., April 13, 1842. To Mr, and Mrs. Cole have been born nine children, as follows: Ezbon Walter, Ferris Edward, Andrew G., Charles R., David R., Asa G., Nettie E., Lavan- tia and Lavernia (twins). The family are members of the Clu-istian Church. Mr. Cole is a member of Keystone Grange; politically lie is a liepnblican, and has served one term each as constable and school directoi'. HENRY II. COLEMAN, farmer and stock raiser, Orwell, was boi-n in Pike townsliip, this county, in September, 1856. His father, Russell HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 733 Colemiui, was also born in Tike townshi}), March 15, 1823, and his grandfather, Ileuben Coleman, a native of Connecticut, came in early life to this county where he engaged in farming. Russell Coleman began life on a farm when quite young. He purchased, from the heirs of the estate, fifty acres, which with the fifty acres he inherited from his father made a total of 100 acres. In 1883 he retired and has since lived in LeRaysville. He married Harriet, daughter of Henrv and Annie (Brown) Goodell, and they have had six children, viz^.: Ransford, Annie (wife of Martin Sammon), Russell (died in infancy), Henry H., Emma (wife of Charles Shales) and Joseph II. Mrs. Rus- sell Coleman died March 6, 1868. Henry H. Coleman attended the common schools until his twentieth yeal', when he began farm- ing. In 1889 he purchased his present impr'oved farm of 134 acres, the house on which was built in 1870; in 1890 he reconstructed and enlarged the barn. Mr. Coleman married, in 1876, Alice II., daughter of George C. and Henrietta (Taylor) Atwood, the third of a family of fourteen children, eleven of whom are living. Mr. Coleman is secre- tary and a charter member of LeRaysville Lodge of the Farmers Alliance. He is a member of the Independent party. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mrs. Coleman's great- grandfather served in the Revolutionary Armv. Mr. Coleman had an uncle, Orrin Coleman, who sei'ved in the War of the Rebellion and lost two fingers. LEROY COLEMAN, merchant, LeRaysville, was born September 29, 1848, in Pike township, this county, a son of Jose])h and Irene (Buttles) Coleman; the former, a farmer, was a native of Pennsylvania and of New England origin, and the latter was of Massachusetts and of Welsh descent. Their family consisted of six children, of whom Leroy is the eldest; the only other living member of the family is Madison J. Coleman, who is engaged in mining and stock dealing in I^ueblo, Col. Leroy Coleman began life at the age of twenty -two • years, teaching school ; he taught two years and, after one year, engaged with J. J. Gorham in the hardware business in LeRaysville. In 1886 they admitted A. E. Woodruff as third partner, thus foi-ming the ])oi)ular firm of Gorliam, Coleman & W^oodruff. Leroy Coleman was married July 28, 1872, to Miss Huldah, the fifth in the family of eleven children of Charles and Amanda (Denton) Reynolds, who came to Pennsylvania from New York in 1845. Of nine children in the family who reached maturity, eight were school teachers. Mr. and Mrs. Coleman have no children ; they are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church of which he has been trustee several terms; in poli- tics he is a Republican, and has been councilman and burgess several years. Mrs. Irene Coleman is the mother of LeRoy Coleman, with whom she lives, at the age of sixty-one years; her father, Jonathan Buttles, came from Massachusetts and settled in Orwell in 1835; in his family were eight children, of whom Mrs. Coleman is the eldest. TIMOTHY COLLINS, farmer, P. O. Overton, is one of the lead- ing farmers of the neighborhood in which he has long made his home, and was born in County Cork, Ireland, in 1826, a son of Daniel and Jennie (Dailey) Collms,"^ natives of the same place. Daniel Collins 734 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. diet! in 1S52, and liis widow in 1862. Timothy, who was the eldest in a family of five children, grew to maniiood in his father's family in his native ])lace ; he came to America in 18")!, located in Overton, and commenced the herculean task of cuttino: down the f>:iant trees of the forest, and clearing a farm in the gloomy woods. A poor boy, with no exterior aid, cleaving his own way in life against odds that, to the ordinarv young man, would be most appalling. But the results of his incessant labors are his present comfortable homestead of 100 acres, under a high state of cultivation. Mr. Collins was united in marriage, in Wyoming county, with Ellen, daughter of Michael and Mary (Cuney) Curran, natives of Ireland, and of this union there are four children, as follows: Jennie (wife of W. P. Kelley), Mary E., Daniel J. and Michael J. The male members of the famil}' are of the Democratic persuasion in politics, and ail the family are exemplary members of the Mother Church. The Collins home is one of the com- fortable farm houses of Bradford county, where their friends and visitors come bv the hundreds. COLONY "BROTHERS (Charles E. and Thomas), manufacturers of lumber, lath and shingles, Sylvania, are natives of Troy, this county, and sons of Charles and Julia (Ferguson) Colony, who located in W^ells township, this county, in 18-41, and in Troy in 1851. The father, who was a mill-wright and bridge-builder by occupation, built a large num- ber of bridges in various parts of the country. In 1861 he removed to Austinville, where he died in 1864. He was a native of Bainl)ridge, Chenango Co., IST. Y.; reared a familv of four children: William, Charles E., Augusta (Mrs. Jolm F. Hunt) and Thomas. Charles E. and Thomas were reared in Bradford county, and located in S3'lvania in 1881, where they have since been engaged in lumbering, operating the mills formerly owned by H. & P. Peck. They turn out over 6,000,000 feet of lumber annually, operate ai)laning mill in connection, and give em])loyment to from nine to forty men in busy seasons of the year. Charles E. is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, and, politicallv, both are Republicans. DR. SAMUEL FLSIIKR COLT. Wysox, minister of the Presby- terian Church, and president of the Bradford County Medical Society, is a native of New Jersey, born at Paterson, April 19, 1817, and is the son of Samuel and Phcebe Colt, latter of whom was a daughter of Nathaniel Andrus, who was a descendant of Governor Andrus, of Connecticut, a family of English stock. Both grandfathers served honoi-ably through the Revolutionary War. The father was a mer- chant and iron manufacturer, noted in his day and time as pre-eminent, in respect to both his business qualities and his superior mechanical genius, that made him an advanced leader of his time; he was a captain in the War of 1812, and raised his own company; and was a ruling elder in the Presb\'terian Church ; he died in 1825. His family consisted of four sons and one daughter, of whom Samuel F. is the youngest, and only survivor. He was reared mainly in Newark, N. J., where he I'ead medicine in the office of Dr. J. G. Goble (a class- mate at Princeton of Washington Irving). He then entered the regular classical curriculum at LaFavette College in the class of 1837 ; HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 735 took the full three-years' course in the Princeton Theoloi^ical Seminary, from 18;>7 to 1841, and immediately he was enoai>ed m foundino- the Presbyterian Mission of Atlanta county, New Jersey. He was exam- ined and licensed to the sacred ministry by the Presbytery of Ne'.v Bruns- wick, and was ordained at Ma^^'s Landing by the Presbytery of West Jersey, remaining until 1843, when he came to Bradford county, and was located at Merryall as pastoi- of the Wyalusing Church, remaining nine years. From this field and lal)ors have originated eight successful Presbyterian Churches, viz. : Meshoppen, Dushore, Rush, Stevensville, Ilerrick, Terrytown and Sugar liun, the Wyalusing Second and Camptown. He next removed to Towanda, where he founded the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute which was opened in 1854, and remained principal five years. In 1859, he went to Pottsville and founded the Second Presbyterian Church of that place. Here he was actively and successfully engaged, w4ien in 1861 the cloud of war did lower upon our nation. He promptl}^ enlisted in the ninety -sixth P. V. I., and at the organization of tiie regiment Avas elected chaplain, and was with his command in the field. During his service in the army he received twenty-five members to their first communion in the camp and field. After a year's hard service, he resigned on account of broken health, and returned to Pottsville ; then again took up his ministry (the Church having retained the pastorate for him). He was deeply interested and successful in recruiting men for the armv. He was pastor at Pottsville until 186G. Dr. Colt was actively inter- ested in founding the Freedman's Board of the Presbytei-ian General Assembly, and served a year as secretarj^ In 1867, at Williamsport, he held a series of successful meetings during eight weeks, residting in several hundred conversions. He was called to the pastorate at Troy, i.riis county, where he remained a year and returned to the Susquelianna Collegiate Institute at Towanda, at the urgent solicitation of its friends and trustees. His health failing at the end of five years, he spent the next thirteen years actively engaged as a missionary in Sullivan county, where he at the same time practiced medicine and surgery ; during this period he built a church at Laporte. In 1885 he removed to his present home in Wysox. In 1887, he was appointed, bv Gov. Beaver, a member of the Forestry Commission ; is a member of the State Med- ical Society ; president of the Bradford County Medical Societv ; trustee of the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute and was trustee of La- fayette College from 1857 to 1881. In his medical profession, his tastes run largely to the more exact science of the side of surgery, where he has performed some delicate operations successfully. Dr. Colt has been married twice. To him were born eighteen children, twelve of whom are living. Many of Dr. Colt's sermons have been published and attained a wide circulation, and his contributions to the educational journals have been many ; he has built up many churches, and has founded some of our prominent literary schools ; is secretary of the incorporated Presbytery of Lackawana. His ^vork still goes on, and his theological armor is kept burnished. His old-time eloquence and beauty of diction have not failed. He still preaches, on an average of three times a month, to interesttxl congregations, and 730 HISTORY OF UKADFOKD COUXTY. in liis veneraole age is respected, rev^ei'enced and loved b}" all ; a thougiit- ful shepherd ; a pious, good and unselfish man. IIEV. TirOMAS J. COMEKFOKD, pastor of St. John's Nepo mucene Catholic Church of Tro\', and St. Michael's Church of Canton, and Assumption B. Y. Churcli of Cascade, Pennsylvania jVIissions, was born in Pottsville, Pa., June 26, 1857, a son of John and Katherine (Devey) Comerford, and of Irish descent. lie was reared in Wilkes- Parre, Pa., and educated at Wyoming Seminary, Kingston, same State, took a classical and philosophic course at St. Vincent's College, Pitts- burgh, and began his theological course at St. Mary's Seminary, Cleve- land, Ohio, which he finished at Grand Seminary, Montreal, Canada, in 1882. He was ordained to the priesthood at Scranton, Pa., Novem- ber 16, 1882, and was assistant pastor of St. Peter's Cathedral of that city one year. He was then transferred to Wilkes-Barre, wiiere he was assistant pastor of St. Mary's Church four years. In October, 1887, Father Comerford was appointed pastor of St. John's Church, Troy, Pa., and Missions, and during his pastorate has purchased a parochial resi- dence, repaired the interior of the church in Troy; repaired and built an addition to St. Michael's Church, Canton, and purchased all equip- ments necessary for conducting services there. The church and mis- sions have had a steady, health}^ growth and the spiritual condition of his people is ninety-nine per cent better than ever before. EMERY L. CONANT, farmer, Wilmot township, P. O. Sugar Run, was born at Owego, N. Y., December 11, 1846, and is a son of Alfonzo and Amanda (Barton) Conant, natives of New York, born of New England parentage. He was reared until seventeen years of age at Owego, X. Y., when his parents removed to this county and settled in Wilmot township, where he began life for himself at twenty -one, farming, and in 1878 he purchased his present farm of two hundred and fourteen acres, which includes some of the best farming land in Bradford count\% all in an excellent state of cultivation. He was mar- ried December 9, 1868, to Miss Maria, daughter of Milton and Lucretia (Bennett) Carson, of AVilmot, and thev have eight children, viz.: Clarinda, born Api'il 4, 1870 ; Lorena, born"^ xApril 29, 1871; Mai-- tin L., born June 8, 1872; Amanda L., born July 10, 1875; Milton A., born November 25, 1878; Pearl A., born August 25, 1885; Hertha, born January 20, 1887; and John H., born August 16,1889. Mr. Conant is a member of the I. O. O. F. at Sugar Run, and in politics he is a Republican. JOSEPH E. CONK LIN, farmer, Wysox township, V. O. AVysox, was born at his present home in Wysox townsliij), April 7, 1842, a son of John and Joanna (('onipton) Conklin, who came from Orange county, N. Y., in 1840, and located on the farm now occupied by Joseph L., which was partially cleared ; they had four children : Franc (deceased), married to John R. Post, a farmer in Wysox; Sarah Ann. married to Nornuin White, a farmer in Wysox ; Allen P., a farmer in Wysox, and Jose|)h L. Joseph L. ('onklin was reared on the farm, educated in the common schools and William P. Iloi-ton's select scIkjoI ; lie remained at home with his ])ai"ents until thcirdcath, and then became the owner of the homestead, which is one of the finest fai-ms in HISTORY OF BRADFORD COCNTY. 737 Wysox townsluj). lie was married March 27, 1867, to Charity, daughter of William and Eunice (Billings) Patterson, natives of Orange county, N. Y., they have two children: lola E., born May 20, 1868 (married January 7, 1891, to Harry C. Shores, a farmer in Wysox) and John W., born December 11, 1869, who is at home. Mrs. Conk- lin is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Bond Hill. Mr. Conklin is a firm believer in the policy of the Democratic party, and is at present assistant assessor in Wvsox. WILLIAM II. CONKLIN, farmer, Wysox township, P. O. Mvers- burg, Avas born October 12, 1838, a son of Joseph and Sopiiia L. (Pierce) Conklin, natives of Orange county, N. Y., and Wysox, respectively. Joseph Conklin came to Bradford county about 1830, and engaged in the tailor's trade ; he located on the Barstow farm, afterward owned by J. W. Poole and now by William II. Conklin. He afterward removed to Myersburg, and later purchased at sheriff's sale sixty-five acres of land*^ where William H. Conklin now resides, and there followed farming and tailoring until his death, which occurred September 1, 1875, when aged sixty-seven vears. He was married to Sophia L. Pierce, August 23, 1837^ The Pierce family are of earlv New England stock. Mrs. Conklin's grandmother, Lydia Shepiierd, was a descendant of the Shepherd family that came to this countrv in the "Mayflower." Mr. and Airs. Joseph Conklin w^ere blessed witli two children: William II. and George! the latter of whom was born March 17, 1842, and was married to Nancy Coolbaugh, and is now engaged in farming in Wysox township. 'William II. Conklin was educated in the common school, and afterward attended Williamsport Commercial College. He is now the owner of the homestead and mucii other valuable farm and mill propei'ty in W^ysox. He is a Eepublican in politics, and has held the offices 'of town commissioner and justice of the peace, being familiarly known as " Squire " Conklin. CYPtlTS COOK, farmer and stock growei-, of Orwell townshi]), P. O. Potterville, was born in Orwell township, thiscountv, February 16, 1818, a son of Joel Cook, who was born in Litchfield countv, Conn'^ December 29, 1791, came to Orwell in 1810, and after a short sojourn returned to Connecticut, but came back to Orwell in 1811, and settled jiermanently in this county ; he was the son of Joel Cook, Sr., and Diana (Dunbar) Cook, natives of Connecticut, who had a familv of ten children, of whom lie was the youngest; his father was a lineal descendant of Henry Cook, a native of the countv of Kent, England, who had immigi-ated to Massachusetts and settled at Plymouth, ]irior to 1640. Joel Cook, Sr., served his country in the Revolutionarv War, enlisting in the army under Washington in 17T6 ; but after a time spent in the service he was taken sick and died. Joel Cook, Jr., spent his life in agricultural pursuits, clearing his land and fitting it for the plow; Avas prominent in all the movements of his day having a ten- dency to better the condition of his neighbors ; was the first to organ- ize a Sunday-school in Orwell township", and was largelv interested in the tem])erance movement of 1829; he Avas a great reader, and famil- iarized himself Avith the best literature of his time, besides spending many of his leisure hours studying jiis Bible; his life was pure from 738 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. his childhood to his death, which occurred May 12, 1886; he was united in marriage. May 22, 1814, with Polly, daughter of Dan, Sr., and Polly (Chubbuck) Russell, and had a family of five sons and one daughter, viz.: Darwin, born April 1, 1S15, a graduate of Easton Col- lege and Princeton Theological College, and who became a Pres- byterian clergyman ; May, born October IS, 1816 ; C3'rus ; Seth, born Sept. 18, 1822, of Orwell; Ralph, who died at the age of twentv; Philip B., born January 17, 1832. Cyrus Cook spent his boyhood on a farm, receiving fair educational advantages at the common schools of his time, and attending select school at LePaysville, and also Lafayette College. In 1839 he began teaching, which profession he followed several 3'ears, and then commenced farming. In 1811 he ])archased a farm close to Potterville, which was covered with a ilense forest, and there resided several years in a log house, much of his time eno-a^ed in clearino- his farm. After eight vears he removed to the place now owned by his son, Avery, where he resided until 1866 ; then came to his present place, and devoted over ten years of his life to lumbering and rafting down the river. Mr. Cook owns fifteen acres of as beautiful land as is to be found in his section of the county — well fenced, mostly with stone wall, and he has built over 600 rods of wall in his time; the farm is well stocked with cattle, sheep and horses. Mr. Cook was united in marriage, September 16, 1840, with Caroline A., daughter of Oliver and Mary (Keith) Ells- worth, the former of whom was one of Orwell's pioneers, and had a family of eight children, of whom Mrs. Cook is the seventh. To Mr. and j\[rs. Cook have been born five children, as follows: Avery C, born May 21, 1841, married to Augusta Darling; Joel D., born August 21, 1843, married, for his first wife, to Amanda Upson, and after her death to her sister, Phoda (he is a farmer and stock grower in Nebraska); Oliver E., born August 14, 1845, mari'ied to Sarah Lent; Emma A. born July 1, 1849, mai-ried to George Stocking, a farmer of Nebraska: and R. P., born April 4, 1856, married to Addie Crawford. Mr. Cook's family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; he is a stanch Republican, and has been called by his friends and neighbors to everv local office at their disposal, and was assistant revenue collector during 1879-80. WILLARD COOK, farmer and stock grower, "Windham Centre, was born in Windham, Bradford county, July 1, 1849. a son of William and Betsey (Hartshorn) Cook, natives of New York, who came to P>radford county in 1835, and located in Windham township, on the land now the home of the son. This land was cleared and improved bv William Cook, chiefl}' by his own hands, and to farming he added milling, becoming, from a poor boy, one of the most pi'ominent men in Windham township. At the time of his death, in 1886, his farm contained 500 acres of well-improved land: his wife had preceded him to t\\o. li'rave. in 1873, and their family consisted of four children, of whom Willard is the eldest. He grew to his majority in the fam- ily home, I'eeeiving a fair English cdncation in the |)ublic schools, and i)ecame a farmei'. At his father's dcatli h(^ received his portion of tin; estate, the land being 195 acres, to which he added, from time to time. HISTOKY OF HRADFORD COUNTY. 739 and now owns 2()(> acres of fine fai-ni hind, all under good cultivation. Mr. Cook was nuirried to Delphene, daughter of Verus N. and Eliza (Hill) Boardnian, of Tioga county, Pa., who came to this county in 1847, and settled in AVindham. Mr. Boardman enlisted in March, 1863, in the One Hundred and Eighty-fourth P. Y, I., Company I, and was in the battles of Petersburg and Gettysburg, and died in Beverly Hospital, N. J., in lS(i4. Mr. and Mrs. Willard Cook have had chil- dren : Myrtie M., born October 24, 1878; and Leon W., born Se})tem- ber 27, 1889, died December 9, 1890. Mr. Cook is Democratic in his political affiliations. ZERI COOK, farmer, P. O. Potterville, was born in Orwell, this county, Januar}^ 8, 1822, a son of Uri and Ph(X)be Cook, the former of whom was bo)'n in Connecticut in 1780, and came to this county in 1818 ; they had a family of six children, viz.: Sallie (mari'ied to Gris- wold Mathews); Elizabeth (married to John Black); Syrinda (deceased); Fannie (married to Isaiah Potter); Zeri and Laura. Zeri Cook was married to Elizabeth, daughter of Samuel Newcome, of New York, and by that marriage bad a family of five children, viz.: Delette (married to Leroy Corbin, of Potterville, Pa.); Annette; Fanny (married to D. W. Carry, and resides in Philadelphia); Peed ; and Carleton, of Ham- monton, N. J. Uri Cook was a prominent man in Orwell township; was many years a deacon of the Presbyterian Church, and might be called the father of that church organization in Orwell. The house which Peed Cook now occupies was built nearly seventy-five 3'ears ago, on the farm of 200 acres of land, of which he cleared the greater part ; Zeri and his son, Reed, still own 140 acres. Reed Cook, who manages the homestead farm, was born and reareel on it, and received the advantages of a common-school education. When twenty-four years old he began farming, and with the exception of two summers passed in the AVest, he has spent his life so far on the old farm. He was united in wedlock June 11, 1884, with Frances, daughter of Irani and Harriet (Pendleton) Manchester, of Warren township, this county, and to them have been born three chil- di-en: Robert (born May 20, "^1885); Leora (born January 23, 1887); and Paul (born July 7. 1889). The famil\' are membei's of the Congrega- tional Church. Zeri Cook was striken with paralysis, which deprived him of the power of speech and of the entire use of one side, but he bears his affliction with fortitude and resignation. He and his son are Re])ublicans in politics, and the latter now holds the office of school director. CHESTER J. COOLBAUGH, Towanda, was born in Wysox township, this county, March 20, 1844, and is a son of Moses and Sally (Hickok) Coolbaugh. His great-gi-aiid father, Moses Coolbaugh, was a pioneer of Wysox township, whei'e he reared a family of four sons and three daughters : AVilliam, Cornelius, David, Samuel, Elsia (Mrs. Ridgeway), Eleanor (Mrs. William x\llen), and Sarah (Mrs. Pierce). Of these William, who was a farmer of Asylum township, lived and died there on the farm now owned and occupied by his grandson, AVilliam Acklev. His children were Moses, Harry, flohn. lietscy (Mrs. Amos Ilolbert), Sally (Mrs. Jonathan Stevens), Polly (Mrs. 740 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Llovd Ackley). and Ellen (Mrs. Joseph Sill), Of these Moses, a native of Bradford county, was for many years a pilot on the North Branch of the Susquehanna river, and in later life carried on farming and Innibering- in Grandville township, on what is known as " Coolijaugh Hill;" he died in Lycoming county, while away from home, at the age of seventy-nine years. Moses and Sally (Hickock) Coolbaugh had six children as folloAvs: Euth, Amanda, Prax\% Emma, Sally and Chester J. Chester J. Coolbaugh, who was reared in Bradford count}^ received a common-school education ; in 1863 he began clerking in a store at Trov, this county, being employed in different stores up to 1808, when he came to Towanda, where he has been employed by Evans & Ilildreth in same capacity for twenty years. In April, 1875, he married Melissa D., daughter of Dan ford and Deborah (Rockwell) Chaffee, of Rome, and has one son, George W. Mr. Coolbaugh is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of the K. of P. and K. of IL. and in politics he is a Democrat. EUSTIS A. COOLBAUGH, farmer, Wysox township, P. O. Wy- sox, was born November 5, 1819, near where the creamery now stands in Wysox, a son of Samuel and Nancy (Ogden) Coolbaugh, the former of whom was a native of Wysox, of Holland origin, the latter a native of Wyakising, of Irish lineage. Samuel Coolbaugh was a farmer, and also did considerable mercantile business ; he owned the farm where E. A, Coolbaugh now resides, and operated two sawmills thereon, raft- ing his lumber in large quantities down the river ; also built and ojierated a gristmill. In his family there were ten children, of whom our subject, who is the second, was reared on the farm and educated in the common school and Towanda graded school. At the age of twentv-seven he engaged in business for himself, farmino- and lumber- ing for a short time, and also carried on mercantile business ; he pur- chased his present home from his father, and has smce given his atten- tion chiefly to farming, being one of the best farmers in Bradford county. Mr. Coolbaugh was married August 10, 1846, to Harriet, daughter of Amos and Harriet (Hinman) York, and they have had born to them six children, viz.: Frances Elmore, born Novemi)er 24, 1847, died July ;}0, 1848; Frances Alice, born March 2, 1849, married Richard E. (J. Myer, now in Kansas; Elizabeth Ellen, born October 10, 1850, married Harry Seaman, mailagent at Ilarrisburg, Pa.; Nancy C, born May 16, 1852, married George Conklin, farmer, Wysox; Henry Y., born May 27, 1854, is emploved in the Elmira Bridge Works, Elniira, N. Y.; Jesse Allen, born February 6, 1856, died July 14, 1876. Mrs. Coolbaugh dying April 25, 1856, Mr. Cooli>augli married, June \-J. 1857, Soplironia Elmore York, a sister of his first wife, and this happy union has been blessed with one son and three (hiuulitei-s; Albert E., born December 28, lSen F. Parkhurst, of Springfield township, and has one daughter, Anna P. Mr. Cooley is a well-known and promi- nent citizen of Bradford county; in politics he is a F)emocrat. G. M. COONS, proprietor of tlie ])laning-mill. Canton, is a native of New York, born December 23, 1839, a son of Philip M. and Polly (Fay) Coons, natives of Chenango and Onondaga counties, N. Y., respectively ; the former was of German and the latter of English descent ; the father was a stone cutter and salt boiler, also followed 43 742 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. farming; he died in Canton in ISTo, in his sixty-third year; the mother died in 1S60, in her forty-fifth year. The great-grandfather Fay was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. G. M. Coons, who is the fourth in a family of five children — two daughters and three sons — was reared in his native place until twelve years of age, when the family moved to Union township, Tioga Co., Ta., where he made his home until the breaking out of the war, working the principle part of the time in the lumber mills in Williamsport. lie first enlisted in May, 18G1, in the three months' service, and re-enlisted in November, 1861, in Company D, One Hundred and Sixth P. Y. I; some of the engagements in which he partici|)ated were the siege of Yorktown, Fair Oaks, Savage Station, White Oak Swamj), Malvern Tlill, Second Bull Klin, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg and Wilderness; he was slightly wounded at Antietam, but did not leave the field, and at the battle of the AVilderness, May 6, 18G4, he received a flesh wound in the right arm. He was mustered out at Petersburg, November 1, 1864, and returned to Tioga coimty, where he farmed one year. In 1869 he moved to Lycoming county, Pa., where he remained one year ; then in December, 1870, he came to Canton; he had worked one year in the lumber business in AV'illiamsport, and in 1871 he embarked in the business for himself. In 1872 he purchased an interest in a sash and blind factory, the firm name being I.ewis & Coons; they built a large factory on Mill creek. Canton borough, and at the end of three 3^ears A. B. Brain bought Mr. Lewis' interest, and the firm was known as Coons & Brain; they enlarged the plant, but eighteen months after this change the Minncqua Improvement Company's dam burst, and a column of water twenty-two feet high entirely destroyed the factory. Mr. Coons continued tlie business alone, built his present mill, and is doinfj a successful business. He was married in Tioounds. In politics Mr. Cooper is a Republican, and has held the oliices of assessor and school treasurei'. JOSEPH F. COOPER, merchant, Warren Centre, was born July 17, 1841, in Warren township, this county, a son of Robert and Anna (Steenburg) Cooper, natives of England and New York, respectively. The father came to this country in 181S, first settling in Susquehanna county, but removed to Bradford about 1822; he was by trade a cabinet-maker, and engaged in farming in connection with his trade. In 1842 he commenced merchandising at Warren Centre, and was in time succeeded by his son, Joseph ; the father died in 1869, and his widow departed this world in 1883; they had thirteen children, the second and third of whom died, Charlotte in infancy, and Charles when nine years old ; those who grew to maturity were : Angelina (Mrs. Curtis Bostwick); Charlotte (Mrs. Dr. Alfred Pierounet); James E., of Newark valley, N. Y. ; Emma E. (Mrs. John Jones) ; Betsy (Mrs. Theodore Randell); Charles (died aged twenty-nine, in 1865); Maiy (Mrs. Augustus Olmstead, who died, aged twenty-seven, in 1864, leaving a son, Robert, and husband); Robert (was killed in the battle of Chancellorsville, in 1863; he enlisted, in 1861, in the One Hundi'ed and Forty-first N. Y. V. I., and participated in all the battles of his regiment); Jose])h F. ; Rebecca T. (Mrs. Roger B. Ilowell) and Elizabeth B. (who died in 1871, aged twenty-four). Joseph F., who it will be seen was next but one to the last of this large family, was educated in the common schools and finished in Poughkeepsie (N. Y.) Commercial College in 1863. Soon after leaving school he engaged in merchandising, and was one of the first to commence building up Warren Centre in its present site, in 1882, and to him is mostly due the credit of the business importance of the place. Both his store and residence are among the fine buildings of the count}^; in his store is a large and varied stock, suitable to a country trade, consisting of dry goods, groceries, drugs, boots and shoes, etc. Mr. Cooper was married in AVarren township, to Emma, daughter of William and Abig.iil (True) Green, the former of whom, an Englishman, came to America in 1817, and settled in Philadelphia with his parents, when he was eight years of age. For eleven years he sailed before the mast, all over the world, before he was thirty years of age, and when he was tired of roaming he came to Susquehanna county, in 1839, and removed to Bradford in 1855 ; he is a quiet and respectable farmer, and now makes his home in Warren with his son, E. O. Green; his wife came to New Hampshire in 1820, locating first in Springville, but removed to Bradford about 1827 and located in Warren, where she was married in 1841; they had three children, of whom Emma was the eldest. Mr. and Mrs. Cooper have a son, Robert, who is in his father's tore. Mr. Cooper is a Republican; was postmaster nineteen years 744 HISTORY OF RRADFORD COUNTY. and went out only when ho was not in accord with a new administra- tion; was town clerk and treasurer, two terms each. An incident of his lathers life is, that when he reached New York, on his Avay West, he had but one shilling, but boklly pushed oat on foot for his destina- tion, and reached Sus(|uehanna county, went to carpentering and built many houses, and among other experiences walked twelve miles to and from work (once a week) for one hundred days on the old Owego bridge. While living in AVarren he built a church, in Leltays- ville, walking eight miles; then built the church in his own township, and no matter where he worked he never spent any time '* nooning." His eldest son, w^ho was nine years old, when he was working on the LeKaysysville church, helped to haul lumber. These are lessons in thrift and industry that posterity may well look at. ALFRED B. Y^ORBIN, a leading farmer of Warren township. P. O. Warren Centre, is a native of Warren township, this county, having been born May 5,1840, a sonof Alonzo D. and Mary Ann(Prince)Corbin, natives of that township. On both sides they were farmers and earlv ])ioneers of Bradford county, who endured the severe trials and hard experiences of those advance couriers of civilization, who helped to hew away the deep forests; the mother died April 28, ISTl, and the father was laid by her side September 15, 1889. They had three children, viz.: Alfred B.; Elmira (Mrs. Jonathan Ross) of Susquehanna county, and Mary Jane (Mrs. John M. Dowley), of Binghamton, who has three children: Steven, Ella and Mamie. Alfred B. Corbin received his educa- tional training at the neighboring schools.and learned to use the axe, hoe and plow, and to plant and cultivate the usual farm crops of this locality, lie became a successful and prominent farmer, and now owns thirty- three acres of land — a choice farming spot well cared for. He has been thrice married; his first wife was Olive, daughter of Joseph Sleeper, and by her tliere was one child, Frecklie, avIio died in infancy. This wife dying April 3, 1863, Mr. Corbin married, November 24, 18(i4, Romanda M., daughter of Abel Prince, and by her had one child, Manson E., whose mother died December 23, 1870. and in 1872 Mr. Corbin was married to Dorcas A., daughter of Edward T. and ^laria (Haner) Cornell, who was of English extraction, former a native of Rhode Island, latter of New York State. To this union have been born two children: Harriet (Mrs. Edmund W. Chaffee, who has two chikiren, Frank L. and Fred) and Dorcas. In his political preferences Mr. Corbin is a Republican, but he is more of an honest farmer than an active politician, and he loves his country, his family and his friends. G. G. CORBIN, merchant, Potterville, was born in Warren town- ship, this county, January ('», 1837, and is a son of Ira W. and Hetsie (Shurts) Corbin, the former of whom was born in Warren townshij), February 15, 1811, and is now living on a farm near to Potterville; he is a son of Oliver and Lucy (Ilill) Corbin, the former born in Connecti- cut, removed to Nichols, N. Y., and afterward to Warren townshi]), ai)OUt 1810. Ira W. Corl)in followed teaching over thirty years; he had several brothers who were teachers and met with great success in that professi. (deceased), LeRoy, Einma A. (married to James Lewis, of Towanda), Amanda (married to Fredericiv Wells, of Elmira, N. Y.) and Franlc (inai-ried to George Chamberlain, of Towanda). G. G. Corliin passed his boyhood in AVarren townshi[), and Avas educated in the common schools and at Camptown Academy. After attaining his majority be began teaching, and followed it about sixteen years. In 1863 or '04 he })urchased a farm on which lie made his home until June, 1877, when he removed to Potterville, and embarked in merchandisino- with A. G. Frisbie, but after one and a half years Mr. Frisbie retired, and Mr. Corbin has con- tinued in tlie business to the present time, conducting a general store, on July, 3, 1861, he was united in marriage with Ellen E. Newell, and tQ them have been born six children, as follows: Mary (born June 23, 1863, married to Wilbur Gorham, a farmer of Orwell), Newell G. (born November 9, 1865), Dewitt G. (born July 28, 1874), Cora St. Leon (born December 6, 1875, died in infancy), Georgiana (born October 8, 1878), Winnie L. (born November 4, 1884). Mr. Corbin is a Repub- lican, is a school director and for the last twelve years has been justice of the peace. J. T. CORBIN, physician and surgeon, Athens, is a native of Warren township, this county, and was born July 26, 1819; his par- ents were Oliver C. and Lucy B. (Hill) Corbin, farmers, natives of Connecticut ; the father came from Connecticut to this county in 1801, and with live brothers went to work to clear up homes in the forest. His mother, with her family came to Owego in 1796, and they were married in Owego and removed to Warren, Pa. Oliver C.CJorbin died in Athens in March, 1870, in his eightj^-seventh year; Mrs. Coi-bin died in 1880, in her ninety -fourth year. Dr. Corbin is the sixth in a family of nine children, who grew to maturity, six sons and three daughters. He completed his medical education and began to practice his profession in Athens, in February, 1848. The doctor was married in Athens, in 1850, to Miss Mary A. Tozer, daughter of Julius and Meribah Tozer, the former a native of this county, and the latter of Otsego, N. Y. Mrs. Corbin was born in Chemung countv, N. Y., July 22, 1826. To Dr. and Mrs. Corbin were born the following chil- dren : One that died in infancy; Mary (deceased); Annadell (wife of Prof. William H. Benedict, of Elmira,^ N. Y.); Julius T., an attorney at law; John E. (deceased); and Ida W. ALVAH M. CORNELL, farmer, P. O. Altus, was born at Swan- sea, Mass., August 22, 1825, a son of Levi and Fannie (Luther) Cor- nell, natives of Bristol county, Mass., who settled in 1827, in Columbia township, tills county, on a farm now occupied by our subject, which his father had clearetl and improved and resided on many years; the last twelve years of Levi's life were spent in Austinville, where he died July 19, 1874, aged seventy-seven years. He was a son of Asa and Martha (Mason) Cornell, and his wife was a daughter of Rev. Childes and Lucy (Kelton) Luther, all of Bristol county, Mass.; tliey had seven children who grew^ to maturitv as follows: Frederick P., Level M., Alvah M., William C, Sally M. (Mrs. John Ilowland), Lucy L. (Mrs. Hosea C. Wolfe) and Mary J. Alvah M. Cornell was reared on the 746 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. old homestead in Columbia townsliip from two years of age, and, with the exception of one year, he was superintendent of the County Poor Farm, has since resided there. On June T, 1849, he married Betse\', daughter of Nathan and Nancy (Rockwell) Bullock, of Leiloy town- slii}), this county, and by her had three children: Fannie (Mrs. Uel C. Porter), Edith (Mrs. Merville Sweet) and Albert M., the latter of whom resides on the old homestead farm, married to Emma, daughter of Charles and Hannah (Andrews) Talbot, of Bristol county, Mass., antl the}' have one daughter, Eva M. Mr. Cornell is a prominent citizen and one of the leading and enterprising farmers of Columbia townshi}). He is a member of the Universalist Church, and of the Patrons of Husbandry; in politics he is an Independent. JAMES W. CORRELL, of Dobbins & Correll, general hardware dealers, Troy, was born in Northampton county. Pa., June 27, 1849, a son of Philip and Maria (Dutt) Correll, and of German descent. He was reared in his native county and educated at the State Normal School at Millersville ; he served a three years' apprenticeshij) at the carriage-maker's trade in Tunkhannock, Pa., and afterward worked as a mechanic six years at Wilkes-Barre, Scranton, Towanda and Ti'oy, locating in Troy in 1875, where he followed his trade three years. In 1878 he removed to Canton townshi}), and in the fall of same year eml:)arked in general merchandising ;it East Canton, in whicli he con- tinued four years as a member of the fii'm of Beardsley A: Correll. In 188y he returned to Troy and formed a partnership with Mr. John E. Dobbins, in the hardware business, under the firm name of Dobbins & Correll, in which he still successfully continues. Mr. Correll was married October 24, 1877, to Mary L., daughter of Myron H. and Harriet L. (Lamkin) Annable, of LeRov township, and has one daughter. Ella G. Mrs, CorrelTs father servetl three years as a soKlier in the Civil AV^ar with credit, and was honorably discharged. A younger brother of Mr. Correll, Rev. Irvin II. Correll, has been a mis- sionary of the ]\[ethodist Episcopal Church in Japan seventeen years. Mr. Correll is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics is a Republican. REVEREND CHARLES C. CORSS, a resident of East Smith- field, was born May 22, 1803, at Greenfield, Mass., a son of Asher and Lucy (Grennell) Corss, of English descent, originally of French ; the ancestors are sup})osed to have come from France to England at the time of the persecutions of the Huguenots; his grandfather, Grennell, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. Mr. Corss was lifted for college at Leicester Academy, also Ilojikins Academy, and was grad- uated from Amherst College and at Princeton Theological Seminary; he was ))receptor of Deerfield Academy in 1831 to 1832, and a teacher at West Springlield, 1832 to 1833; Avas first located asa pastorat Kingston, Pa., December, 1834, and in 1830 came to Athens, Pa. He was twice married, first at Kingston, September, 1830, to Ann,(!l(lest sister of Ex- Governor Iloyt ; they had born to tliem five children, of whom four are living, as follows: Charles, a lawyer at Lock Haven, Pa.; Nancy; Fred- erick, physician, at Kingston, Pa., and Ann H., wife of AVilliam F. Church. Mrs. Corss died in 1851. He located at East Smithlield in 1847, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 747 and has now continued in the ministry sixty-seven years, lie married his present wife, JAiceha I'iielps, ol' Kast SmiLJilield, June 6, 186(5; she was born July 27, 1821. Mv. Corss is the author of "A cake not turned," and '' Presbytery of Susquehanna," also an abrido-euient of Haly burton's " Great Concern of Salvation.'" lie is much respected b\^ all who know him, JOHN H. CORY, physician, Springfield, was born in Springfield township, Bradford Co., Pa., January 17, 1852, a son of Dr. William and Maria (Mattocks) Cory. William Cory was born in Connecticut, and moved to Springfield township, this county, when twenty -two years of age ; he studied medicine under Dr. Wilder, at Spring-field Centre, and commenced practice in 1845, continuing thirty-five years; he had a large and lucrative business and accumulated a fortune. He was a prominent Freemason, and died at the age of sixty-seven years. The mother of John U. Cory was of a family of old settlers of the county; her grandfather, " Squire " Mattocks, moved to Springfield township when there were only five families here; her father lived to be ninety-one years old. Dr. Cory was educated in the schools of the township and at the Elmira Academy ; he studied medicine with his father, and attended lectures at the New York Eclectic Medical Col- lege, graduating from there in the spring of 1878, and commenced practice with his father at Springfield Centre, where he has since con- tinued ; he has a large and lucrative ]iractice, and is much respected by a large circle of friends. The doctor was married December 5, 1881, to Hattie, daughter of Phillip and Harriet (Chrittenden) Sweet, of Ulster (she was born in June, 1855). There have been born to Dr. and Mrs. Cory three children, as follows: William S., born in August, 1883; Edwina D., born April 10, 1885 ; and Vere A., born May 9,1887. Dr. Cory is a member of the F. & A. M.; is a Democrat in politics, and takes great interest in political matters. ALBERT COVELL, farmer, in Springfield township, P. O. Big Pond, was born March 5, 1834, in Springfield township, this county, a son of William and Perlina (Cooper) Covell, former of whom, a farmer by occupation, was a native of New York State, whence, when a young man, he removed to this county, and settled in Ridgebury town- ship. He reared a family of six children — three sons and three daugh- ters — the subject of this sketch being the fifth. The youngest son, Piatt, was a soldier in the Civil War. The father died in 1874 at the age of seventy-four years, and the mother died at the age of sixtj'-nine. Mr. Covell's paternak grandfather was in the War of 1812, and expe- rienced all the hardships incident to those stirring times. Albert Covell was educated in the schools of his township, and reared to farming and lumbering, the former of which he has continued to follow, and he has acquired a fine property, being now the owner of a farm of 235 acres of well-improved land. He was married, October 4, 1860, to Lovina Alfred, who was born November 3, 1840, second youngest in a family of three daughters born to Andrew and Hannah (Carr) Alfred, of Tioga county, Pa., farmers and natives of Connecticut. Mr. and Mrs. Covell have had born to them six chil- dren, as follows: Grant A., born August 30, 1862, was graduated from 748 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Cornell University and is now a professor in the State Agricultural College, of Oregon ; Effie D., born August 20, 1864, wife of Fred May; Carrie, born August 8, 1866 ; Jessie, a teacher, born September 30, 1868; Blanche, born July 13, 1870; Florence, born June 10, 1886. Mr. Covell is a Democrat in politics, and takes an active mterest in the affairs of his party; is a Freemason, and is much respected by his neighbors and a wide circle of friends. Dairying and stock-i'aising, chiefly Shoithorn Durhams, comprise the ])rincipal business on the farm. GEORGE L. COVERT, F. O. Covert, was born in AVard town- ship, Tioga Co., Pa., July 22, 1842, and is a son of Harry and Ortiiia (Field) Covert. His paternal grandfather, William Covert, formerly of Delaware county, N. Y., was among the pioneers of Armenia town- shi]), this county, settling on what is now known as the Bninham farm, and resided in the township until his tleath. His cliildren wei-e Harry, Erastus, Elizabeth, Ann (Mrs. De AVitt), Esther (Mrs. AVilliam Kinch), Malvina, Diana (Mrs. Simon Congdon). Of these, Harry, the father of subject, has spent most of his life in Armenia township, where he has cleared several farms. PI is wife was a daughter of •Abizer Field, of Armenia, and by her he had four children, as follows: Henry, George L., Edwin and Frances (Mrs. Arthur Youmans). Oui' subject enlisted September 12. 1861, in Com])any C, Seventh renn- sylvania Cavalry, and was taken prisoner at Gallatin. Tenn., August 21, 1862. After four months he was exchanged, and he then joined his company at Nashville, Tenn. On November 28, 1863, he re enlisted, this time at Huntsville, Ala., as a veteran volunteer. On June 20, 1864, he was wounded in battle near Kenesaw Mountain, Ga.. being shot through the left lung and left wrist, and September 5, 1865, he was honorably discharged from the service. ^About two years thereafter he attended the State Normal School at ]\[ausli(>]d. Pa., one year, or four terms, and afterward taught school one tei-m in Tioga county, two in Bradford and one in Clinton, all in this State. On January 18, 1871, he purchased a membersiiip in the AVilliams]>ort Commercial College, then under the management of Davis & Milch- ell, and was in attendance four months. Subsequently he took up telegra])hy, working for the American Union Telegi'aph Company about one year, and for the AVestern Union Telegraph Company three years. On Januarv 8, 1884, Mr. (Jovert married Marv J., dau<^hter of Albert Merriara, of AVellsburg, N. Y. In the fall of 1885 he built the first store in Armenia township, and here he carried on mercan- tile business two years. In the meantime he circulated petitions and worked for the establishment of a mail route from Troy to Fall Brook, and succeeded in getting it as far as Covert's, five miles from Ti'oy, the name of which i)ostoltice is "■ Covert," established in July, 1886; Mr. Covert was a))pointed postmaster, July 8, 1886; and in Octo- ber, 1887, he rented his store to Field Brothers, and May 11, 1891, he resigned the office of postmaster in favor of O. D. Field, who is now acting as postmaster. Mr. Covert has been successful in busi- ness as far as he has been able to attend to it, l)ut he has been in jioor health ever since he was wounded, and has boon unal)le to ])ei"form manual labor. l*rior to his enlistment in the ai'iny, his occupation HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUXTY. 749 was fai-niing, but he lias had to give up all l)iisiness on account of his iin))aii'e(l health, and he is at present living- on the old homestead in Armenia township. Mr. Covert is a member of the G. A. li., and m politics he is a Republican. EDWAED M. CO WELL, physician, East Smithfield, was born in East Smithfield township, this county, January 29, 1864, a son of Dr. Selden S. and Sarah A. (McCracken) Cowell, natives of Bradford county, born in Asylum, the former of whom is still in the practice at Scranton, Pa. Our subject's grandmother was a cousin of President John C^). Adams, and grandfather Cowell was a pioneer settler in Wysox. Dr. Edward M. Cowell is an only son ; he has one sister, who is the wife of Wilson F. Voorhis, of East Smithfield. The subject of this memoir was educated at the Collegiate Institute, Towanda, and Iliram College, Ohio, three years; was graduated at the Chicago Homa'opathic Medical College in the s])ring of 1885, and commenced practicing in East Smithfiekf the fall of that year. He was married, September 10, 1885, to Lillian H., daughter"' of Charles and Lvdia (Dunn) Huntington, of Athens, Pa., born January 19, 180G, and there have been born to them three children, only one of whom is now liv- ing, Margaret E., born July 20, 1890. The Cowells are a race of ])hysicians ; the Doctor's father had four brothers who were of the same profession, and each of them have two and three children who are physicians ; for several generations back there have been members of^ the family who have followed this ])rofession. The Cowells are of Welsh extraction, and the Doctor's mother's family are of Scotch- Irish descent. Dr. Cowell enjoys an extensive and lucrative practice, and a wide circle of friends. He is a Democrat in politics, and takes an interest in the affairs of the township and county; j\Irs. Cowell is a member of the Presbvterian Church. GEORGE II. cox', florist, Towanda, was born in Warwickshire, England, and is a son of George H. and Mary (Walkei") Cox. He was reared and educated in his native place, where he served a three years' apprenticeship at the gardener's and florist's business. In 1870 he came to America, locating in Canada for a time, and, after travel- ing considerably to see the country, he settled in 1877 m Sayre. this county, where he was engaged in business up to 1884, when he removed to Towanda and established himself in business. He has here since remained, has built up a successful trade, and is the only florist in Towanda, his place of business being on North Main street, where he has three spacious green-houses, two of which are 50 x 20 feet in size, the other being 40 x 20. Mr. Cox was married, in 1870, to Elizabeth, daughter of William and Margaret (McLaughlin) McMurray, of County i^rmagh, Ireland, and has three children, George H.,Emilie P. and Charles A. Mr. Cox is a member of the Episcopal Church, and in politics is Independent. REV. DAYID CRAFT is a lineal^ descendant of Lieut. Griffin Craft, who, with his family, was an immigrant in the first company that came to Boston in July, 1630, and settled in Roxbury, now Boston, on a piece of land which has been in the possession of his descendants, and in the Craft name until now. David Craft was born 750 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. in Carme!, Putnam Co., N. Y., October 3, 1832. He is a graduate of Lafayette College; studied theology at Princeton, N. J.; taught in the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute at Towanda, in 1857 and ^^8 ; was licensed to preach by the Susquehanna Pi'esbytery, March, 1860, and in the following September began preaching at Wyalusing. In August, 1862, the congregation having granted him leave of absence, he accepted the appointment of chaplain of the One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment, P. V. L, but resigned the following spring on account of continued ill health, and resumed work in Wj^alusing, wliicii he continued until January, 1891. In 1866, Mr. Craft published his "Wyalusing," which included a histor}^ of his church and of the early settlement of the town. This was received with so much favor that the Bradford County Historical Societ}'^ prevailed upon him to under- take the history of the count}^, which was begun with great reluctance, and published m 1877. In 1879 he delivered the historical address at each of the celebrations of the one hundreth anniversary of the "Sul- livan expedition against the Western Indians," held at Elmira, Water- loo, Geneseo and Aurora, in the State of New York. These were com- bined in a continuous narrative, and published by the Seneca County Historical Society in 1880; rewritten and enriched with numerous geo- graphical and biographical notes, was published by the State of New York in 1885. This has received the unqualified apjn'obation of eminent military men and historians, such as Gen. W. T. Sherman, Sidney Howard Ga3% W. C. Bryant and others. In 1887 he published the history of the One Hundred and Forty- first Regiment, which, by common consent, ranks among the very best of regimental histories. In 1891 he wrote the early histor}-^ of the city of Scranton, published by H. W. Crew, of Washington, I). C. Besides these he has been an almost constant contributor to the press of articles of a historical and literarv character. In the midst of these active literary labt^rs, Mr. Craft has had charge of a large and laborious held, where he has done most acceptable and successful work as a pastor. He has been also active in promoting etlucational and moral society, frequently called to speak at teachers' associations, temperance meet- ings, etc. In 1889, after passing through the subordinate offices, he was unanimously elected grand master of the I. O. O. F., of Pennsyl- vania, where he had the oversight of one thousand su])oi'dinate societies numbering al)out one hundred thousand members. On April, 1891, he accepted a call to the pastorate of the First Pi-esbyterian Church in Lawr9nceville. I'a., where he now resides. On June 11, 1861, Mr. Craft married Jane Elizabeth, daughter of the late Dr. G. F. and Abigail llorton, and two children — one son and one daughter, both unmai-ried — have been born to them. MACKAY CRAIG, merchant, lientley ('reekj was born April 6, 1832, in Count}' Down, Ireland, a son of Joseph (a hotel kee])er) aiul Jane (Walker) Craig, natives of the same county and of Scotch-Irish ancestry. The famil}' immigrated to America when the subject of these lines was an infant, and settled near Burdett Schuyler Co., N. Y., where the father enfjaiied in teachinfj school, and after three vears they came to Ridgebury township, this county, where they engaged in HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 751 farming; the famih' consisted of four sons and one daugliter. Mackay Craig" was reared on the farm and carried on farming for liimself until the spring of 1870, when he embarked in mercantile business at Bent- ley Creek. In the spring of 1874 he formed a partnership with E. M. Tuton under the firm name of Craig & Tuton, who have had one of the most extensive trades in the township; they carry a large stock of general merchandise, and are also dealers in agricultural implements. Mr. Craig was married, March 25, 1871, to Jane, daughter of liosea and Letitia (Wilson) Kennedy, farmers, of Springfield township; she had two brothers, Orr and Alexander, in the Civil War, both of whom saw much hard service, and were made prisoners. Mr. Craig's brother John was also a soldier in that war. To Mr. and Mrs. Craig have been born three children, one son and two daughters: Hosea and Letitia (twins), born March 25, 1872 (Hosea is a clerk in his fathei-'s store, and Letitia is the wife of Jud S. Tliompson, who is also a clerk in the same store), and Ethlyn L. born Ma}' 30, 1875, died Nov. -i, 187G. Mr. Craig is a Eepublican in politics, and has held several offices of public trust in his township. SAMUEL W. CRAIG, farmer, P. O. Bentley Creek, was born Ai)ril 10, 1838, on the farm where he now resides, in Ridgebury township, this countv, a son of Joseph and Jane (Walker) Craig, of Scotch-Irish ancestry. The family removed to America in 1832. Our subject is a brother of Mackay Craig, a merchant, of Bentley Creek, and is the youngest in a family of four sons and one daughter; his father was killed by an accident at the age of forty-one years, and the mother died aged seventy -two years. His brother, John, was a soldier in the Civil War. Mr. Craig was reared a farmer, and has continued to follow that occupation, being now the owner of a fine farm of 200 acres, including the old homestead, where he carries on dairying and sheep raising. The farm is nicely located on one of the finest elevations in the township. He was united in marriage, October 3, 1867, with Laura, daughter of Hiram and Jane (Furman) Mason, of Columbia, who were among the earliest settlers of the township of South Creek; she was born February 8, 1848. Her grandfather Mason came from Ireland when only fourteen 3'ears of age, and settled in Delaware county, N. Y. ; her father is an extensive farmer and dairyman, now aged eighty-three years; her mother died at the age of seventy-six years. To Mr. and Mrs. Craig have been born one son and one daughter : Edwin M., born February 13, 1870, and Jennie, born November 3, 1872. Mr. Craig is a Republican in politics, and has been auditor, school director and judge of elections; also held several other offices of public trust. He is one of the enterprising and reliable men of the township. CHARLES H. CRANDAL, farmer, P. O. Stevensville, .was born in Pike township, this county. May 21, 1837, a son of Dr. Edward and Mary E. (Bosworth) Crandal, latter of whom is a daughter of Salmon and Sarah (Olmstead) Bosworth. Salmon Bosworth and his brother, Josiah, were the first of the name to locate in Bradford county, and in 1798 they settled on the farm where Charles H. Crandal now lives, coming from Connecticut. Dr. Edward Crandal was a native of New 752 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. York, hoiMi of New England origin. In his family were ten children of wiiom, Ciiarles I J., the fiftli in order of birth, was educated in the common school, Saint Timothy's Hall, Md., and Kenx'on College, at Gambier, Ohio. He began for himself at the age of twent}' one on his fathers farm, but on August 10, 1862, he enlisted at LeRaysville, and was mustered in at Harrisburg in Company B, One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment P. V. I., took ]>art in the battle of Mobile and in several skirmishes ; was then detailed as a Hospital nurse, acting in that ))osition in the Patent Office and Lincoln's Hospitals, and the Washington and McClellan Hospital, at Nicetown, near Thiladelphia. In October, 1863, he was ordered to join his regiment, and was after- ward transferred to the First Mississii)pi United States Colored Troops as second-lieutenant, where he remained until the close of the war, being mustered out as captain Fit\y-first U. S. C. L, June 16, 1866, at Baton Rouge, La ; then went to Alton, 111., where he was engaged in the manufacture of a washing fluid until December, 1866, when he returned home, and has since carried on farming. In 1871 he purchased his present home of his mother, which contains 100 acres of fertile and well cultivated land. Mr. Crandal was married June 29, 1871, to Mrs, Benjamin B. Babcock, daughter of Dr. Hiram and Elizabeth H. (Eastabrook) Knapp, of Orwell, the former a native of New York, and the latter of Connecticut. In their family there were ten children, of whom Armenia is the sixth, and of them two where physicians. Mr. and Mrs. Crandal have one child, Rowland J., born Ai)ril 5, 1874. The}" are members of the Protestant p]piscopal Church. In politics he is a Republican, has held the office of justice of the peace six vears ; has also been constable in Pike township. GEORGE A.CRANDALL, farmer, P.O. Troy, was born in Cortland county, N. Y., November 14, 1829, a son of Allen and Sarah (Chase) Crandall, natives of Cortland and Delaware counties, N. Y., respect- ively, who settled in Columbia township, this county, in 1835, where his father purchased a tract of three hundred acres, cleared a part of it. but later sold it and removed to Alba, where he died in 1876; his widow still survives at the age of eighty-two ; he was a carpenter by trade, whicii he followed as an occupation most of his life; his child- ren were : George, Burdette (deceased), DeWitt C, Ann (Mrs. James Reynolds, deceased), Henry, Minnie (Mrs. Edward Lewis), AVallace, Charles L. and Mary (Mi'S. J. W. Gould). Our subject was reared in Rradford county from six years of age, where, with the exception of two years, he has since resided ; in early life he followed the carpen- ter's trade, but his principal occupation has been farming; he has been a resident of Troy township upward of twenty years, and owns 17o acres of land. He married, in 1854, Mary E., daughter of Loomis and Emaline (Howland) Newberry, of Springfield townsliip, this county. Mr. Crandall is a well-known and respected citizen of Troy townsliip ; in ])olitics he is a Repidjlican. (;iLi5ERT B. CRANDALL, carpenter, P. O. Sugar Run, was born October 27, 1836, and is a son of Daniel D. and Melissa (Todd) Crandall, the former a native of Connecticut, born of New England parentage, the latter a native of Pennsylvania, of Irish lineage. He HISTORY OF BRAOKORD COUNTY. 753 began life for himself at the age of twenty-four, farming and himber- ing in Wihnot township, continuing in same until August 11, lSr)2, wlien he enlisted at Towanda in Company H, Fifty-Seventh liegiment P. V. T. While in the service he was in the folh:)wing engagements: Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Spottsyl- vania. Cold Harbor, Petersburg, the Weldon Paid, Deep Bottom, and several minor engagements; he received a slight wound in the foot at Fredericksburg, and was discharged June 10, 1865, when he returned and began farming in Wilmot township, which he continued five years, and then learned the car])enter's trade, ot which lie has since' been engaged in various parts of this State. Mr. Crandall was married Sep- tember 7, 1865, to Susan M., daughter of George Quick, of Wilmot. Mrs. Crandall died April 6, 1874, leaving one child, Stella; another daughter, Josephine, had died in 1872. Mr. Crandall Avas re-married, January 30, 1877, this time to Isabell B., daughter of William and Irene Gamble, of Bradford county. Pa., and tliey have one child, Cyrene M., born June 14, 1881. Mr. Crandall is a member of the G. A. P. at Wyalusing, and in politics is a Pepublican. "'ash BEL L. CPAjNTMEP, retired, Monroeton, was born in Monroe township, this county, January 6, 1809, and is a son of Samuel ami Sarah (ilubbell) Cranmer. His father, who was a native of New Jersey, a son of JSToadiah and Catherine Cranmer, settled in Monroe tow^nship about 1790, cleared and improved a farm which is now owned by subject, and died therein 1845 in his seventy-ninth vear. He was twice married, first time to Hannah ]\[iller, by whom he' had six children who grew to maturity: Josiah, Elizabeth (Mi'S. John P. Brown), Jedediah, John, Noadiah and Samuel; his second wife was Sarah Hubbell, by whom he had two children who grew to maturity: Ashbel L. and Enoch H. The subject of these lines was reared on the old homestead, whei-e he resided until 1863, since which time he has occupied his present residence in Monroeton. For twenty years, from 1853 to 1873, Mr. Cranmer was engaged in mercantile business in Monroeton. He was also for some years extensively engaged in lumbering and contracting; erected the covered bridge known as the Rockwell bridge at Monroeton, in 1851, and the canal acqueduct above Towanda, in 1852. On November 18, 1834, he ma,rried Mary H., daughter of Joseph and Mary (Mason) Griggs, of IMonroe townshi|), and has had five children: Albert, Bernard,"Elma (Mi'S. Elias Park), Way land S. and Julia (Mrs. Hiram Sweet). Mr. Cranmer has always been a Democrat, and served as commissioner of Bradford county, one term; was a member of the board that erected the present court-house at Towanda; from 1840 until 1850 was a justice of the peace. CHESTER W. CRANMER, farmer, Smithfield township, P. O. East Smithfield, was born, October 22, 1835, in the house wdiere he now lives, a son of Calvin and Alniira (Hartman) Cranmer. The father came to Smithfield towmship when a young man, with his parents from Monroe, this count}^ His mother came wiien a child seven years of age, with her uncle, Samuel Morse, who was of the third family in the township. IMr. Cranmer's grandfather was a Revolu- tionary soldier, and a brave and v^aliant hero. He was united in mar- 754 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. riage, August 29, 1855, with Flotilda, daughter of Judson and Xancy (Foster) Gerould. Her grandfather, GerouUl, was the fourth settler in the township, who came here in the spring of 1802; she was born October 26, 1835, the eldest of eleven. The Geroulds trace their genealogy back to Jacques (or James) Gerould, who was a French Huguenot, of the Province of Languedoc, and Avho, at the revocation of the *• Edict of jS'antes," which occurred in 1685, came to this coun- tr}?^ and settled at Medfield, Mass. He was a physician, and died October 25, 1760. There have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Cranmer six children, live of whom are living, as follows: Orvil C, born Sep- tember 3, 1856. married to Rosna Soper; N. Adella, born September 16, 1858, married to Henry Gates, of Milan ; Clarissa E., born June 29, 1868, married to Daniel Truesdale, of Springfield ; Hattie C, born October 29, 1869, and Francis B., born July 2, 1875. Mr. Cranmer has a fine farm of about ninety acres, which he manages successfully; he is a natural artist, and has some very fine specimens of his woriv in wood and pencil. He was for a numlDer of years a designer and carver for a large furniture manufacturing firm at Chicago and Minneapolis. He is a Democrat, and has held several offices of public trust. HUGH CRAWFORD, proprietor of a saw and feed mill. Canton, is a native of Ohio township, Allegheny Co., Pa., born November 28, 1840, a son of William and Harriet (Steward) Crawford, natives of Carlisle and Allegheny county, Pa., respectively. The father, who was a farmer, died in Ohio township in 1876 in his eighty -fourth year; the mother died in 1874 in her seventy -third year. Hugh Craw- ford is one of a family of twelve children — ten sons and two daugh- ters — of whom ten are living. He was reared in Allegheny county, receiving his education in the common schools, and afterward worked two years making brick for INfoore Bros., at ])ixmont. Pa., for the asylum that was being built there. On April 28, 1861, he enlisted in Com))any II, Eighth Pennsylvania Reserve, and re-enlisted September 21, 1861, in Company B. Fourtii Pennsylvania Cavalry. He partici- pated in the following: The Peninsular campaign, the battles of An- tietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Spottsylvania Court House, Petersburo- and in a number of minor en<2:aoements; he was run over by a wagon July 11, 1864, and was mustered out in front oi Petei-sburg, October 28, 1864. He returned iiome and worked in a sawmill one year, and then, in 1866, went to Tioga county. Pa., whence, after remaining one year, he returned to Allegheny City, and was there one year when he removed with his family to Tioga county. Pa.; he went to Nevada where for a time he worked in timber, and then with his brother ran freight teams from Battle Mountain to Aus- tin, 104 miles, and from there to Carson City, 116 miles. They con- tinued in the fi'eight i)usiness about eighteen months; then returned to Ti(jga county, and purchased a one-half interest in a water-j)ower saw- mill, wiiich they changed to a steam ])ower mill. At the end of six years h(; sold and went to Fall Brook, where he opei-ated the Fall Prook Coal Company's mill two years; then moved to Canton, this county, October 7, 1886, and built the mill he now owns. He is exten- sively engaged in timber land, and carries on a grocery business as well. HISTORY OF HUADFORD COUNTY. 755 In 1865 Mr. Crawford was married, in Troy, to Lucy, daughter of William and Elizabeth (Kiff) Mcintosh, natives of Delaware county, N. Y.; she is the fifteenth in order of birth of a family of sixteen chil- dren, and was born in Tioga county, Pa., in August, 1848. To Mr. and Mrs. Crawford were born seven children, viz.: William J., married to Meda Andrus ; Byron 11., married to Ada Watts ; Harriet J.; James ; Minnie (deceased); Lena I>. and Charles. Mrs. Crawford is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a member of the G. A. R., Ingham Post, No. 91, and Union Veteran Legion, No. 48. Politically he is a llepublican, and he served nine years as school director in Tioga couDtv, Pa., during eight of which he was president of the board. HARRISON CRUM, P. O. Athens, was born in Spencer, Tioga Co., N. Y., January 3, 1820, a son of William and J.ucinda (Hubbard) Crum, former of whom was a farmer living near Lake Champlain, and was an eye witness to the last naval battle between Great Britain and the United States, and with others was fired at by the British. In their family there were ten children (five of whom are living), of whom Harrison is the sixth in order of birth ; Peter lives at Spencei", N. Y.; James in Windham; Delila was married to James Underwood, de- ceased ; Amanda was married to David Watkins ; William died at the age of seventy-five in Illinois; Lois died about the year 1835; Char- lotte died about 1880; Emily died in 1884; McDonough died in 1887 at Candor, N. Y. Harrison Crum was reared in his native place, receiving his schooling in an old log school-house, which he attended in the winters until he was fifteen ; at sixteen he commenced business for himself on a farm, working thereon four years, and for twenty years thereafter he w\as employed in carpentering and lumbering. In 1863 he purchased the farm he now occupies, which contains sixty-four acres, and the comfortable surroundings amply attest to the persever- ance and industry of Mr. Crum, who, in his declining years, is now^ enjoying the fruits of his labor. He was married, in 1846, to Elizabeth Snyder, daughter of David and Hannah (Haner) Snyder, of Columbia county, N. Y., and they have four children ; Avista, married to John Rifenburg, of Athens; Lueyette, married to Frank Rogers, also of Athens; Cassandra, married to Horace Rogers, of Nebraska, and G. W., married to Hattie Allen, and, in his father's declining years, is assisting in conducting the farm. The family worship at the Baptist Church, and in j)olitics Mr. Crum is a Republican. GEORGE CUFFMAN, farmer, of South Creek township, P. O. Fassett, was born in Dryden, Tompkins Co., N. Y., December 16, 1819, a son of Asa Cuflman, a native of Germany, Asa Cuffman came to this country about 18L3, locating in Dryden, Tompkins Co., N. Y.; where he owned and cultivated a small farm, living there the remainder of his life; he died in 1875, at the age of sixty-two years; his family consisted of six children, all of whom grew to inaturity, four are now living. George Cuffman the youngest of the family was reared and educated in Dryden, Tomi)kins Co., N. Y., he has followed farming as an occupation; starting at the age of nineteen for himself. When twenty-one years old he married, January 9, 1841, Susan, daughter of John Benjamin; they have had two children born to them, one of 756 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. \vlioiii is now liviu<^-, Thomas T., mari'ied to Mary Ameigh, and has five children. In 1862 George Cutfnian entered the army as a private in Company G, One Hundred and Seventy-first P. V. I.; served nine months, was honorably discharged, and now receives a pension of $12.00 per month ; he resides on a well-cultivated little farm of twenty acres, having completed a new and beautiful residence; when he first came to this county, in 1869, he settled near Tro}', removing later to his present residence. Mr. Cuffman is a member of the G. A. R., ]'ettingill Post ; poiiticallv he is a Republican. RIJLANDUS CULP,"^ farmer, P. O. Bentley Creek, was born November 27, 1824, in Elmira, X. Y., a son of Samuel and Polly (Miller) Culp, former of whom was born of German ancestry, in Tioga county, N. Y., and latter on Long Island, N. Y. Samuel Gulp was a farmer and lumberman. He reared a family of six children (of whom the subject of this sketch is the secimd), and died in 1884, at the age of eighty-three years, the mother having passed away in 1878 when aged eightj'-one. Mr. Gulp's great-grandfather, Gol. John Hend}^ was a colonel in the Revolutionary War in Gen. Sullivan's army, and was through Pennsylvania and New York States ; he was one of the first settlers of Chemung county, N. Y., having located in 1781, at the ])lace where Elmira now stands. Rulandus Culp was on the Erie and Che- mung Canal from the time he was fourteen 3^ears of age until about the year 1857, when lie settled in Springfield township on the farm where he now resides. He owns 220 acres of as fine prime land as there is in the township, and is one of the most successful and prosperous farmers, dairying being his principal business. On Decem- ber 25, 1848, Mr. Cul{) was united in marriage with Maru J., daughtei- of Joseph and Nancy (Gibson) Mayhood, of Springfield. She was born June 2, 1824. in County Down, Ireland, and her parents came to America, about 1840, settling on the farm where Mr. and Mrs. Gulp now reside; the father died aged eighty-six, and the mother at the age of seventy -three. JVIrs. Gulp had one brother, John Mayhood, in the Civil War, serving during the entire struggle. To Mr. and INFi's. Culp have been born six children viz. : Georgia, born July 25, 1850; Emma, born September 25, 1S54; Joseph R., born July 25. 1857, mar- ried to Carrie Aber; J. Thompson, born August 2, 1860, married to Jen- nie Gonzales; Jennie, born November 21, 1864; Grant, born March 4, 1860. Mr. Culp is a strong Prohibitionist. Mrs. Culp is a consistent member of the Baptist Chui-ch. as are also her children: Georgia, Jen- nie and Joseph R. ' LAt\VYETTE J. C[TLVER, farmer and stock-grower, of Sheshc- (|uin townshijx P. O. Sheshecpiin, is a native of the same, having been born ]\[ay 23, 1831, a son of Daniel B. and Josephine (Horton) Culvei-. Timoth}'^ Culver, paternal grandfather of our subject, among the fii'st settlers of P>radf'oi'd county, participated in the Revolutionary War. The maternal grandmother, who was asister of Dr. Jayne, of Philadel- phia, was born on the Deiawai'e river. Daniel B. Cidver, father of Laruyette J., was born in Sheshequin township in Api-il, 1806, and di<'(l in the same township August 5, 1856, and his wife passed away in the following September, aged forty-nine years, both dying of typhoid HISTORY OF HRADFORD COUNTY. 757 fever. Their family nunil)ere(l seven children, of whom the followino- is a brief record : William died in infancy ; Jjafayette J. is the subjfjct proper of this memoir; Hiram enlisted in the service of his country in the Civil War, and gave his life for his country at the battle of the Wilderness; James resides in Buffalo ; Oran is'in this county; Emily (the only daughter) is married to L. II. Kilmer, of Shesliequin ; Mahlon died wiien young. Lafayette J. Culver was educated in the public schools, and com- menced work when very young, having to assist his fatiier, with whom he carried on farming, until the latter's decease. He then purchased the old homestead, which he cultivated seventeen ^^ears, when he sold the farm, moved to North Towanda and was connected with the flour- ing mill there, one year, although a resident two years; and thence went to AVysox, remaining six years. In 1881 he was commissioned by the Government Department of Agriculture, LeDuc, to raise the cane for the experiments in sugar-makingat AYashington, D. C, and remained there one year. Mr. Culver then purchased and moved to the farm he now occupies — the old Gore homestead — one of the first to be reclaimed from the wilderness in the county. The house on it was built by Judge Gore nearly seventy-live years ago, and is nailed together with nails forged by blacksmiths. The farm had fallen sadly into decay when Mr. Culver took possession ; but he repaired it, built new barns, put up fresh fences, and it is now one of the finest prop- erties in the county, located in the lower portion of the valley and abutting mountains, replete with old historical associations, alf com- bining to make it a most pleasant and desirable home. The farm con- sists of 400 acres, seventy-five of which are bottom land, only a small portion of it being unfit for cultivation. Here he grows about five tons of tobacco annually, and raises Oxford-Down sheep and Percheron horses. Mr. Culver was united in marriage January 21, 1857, with Mary Patterson, a daughter of Abraham and Caroline (Ashman) Patteisoii. Her ancestry on her fathers side Avas Scotch-Irish, on her mother's, German, and her paternal ancestor settled at Paterson, N. J., the place taking its name from him. Her maternal grandfather ran away from college in IJamburg, Germany, at the age of eighteen, enlisted with the Hessians on })urpose to get to America, to help fight for our inde- jiendence, and as soon as he arrived here he deserted and joined Wash- ington's army, with which he fought until the close of the war. Mrs. Culver's father's family consisted of six childi-en, born in Orange county, N. Y., viz.: William, of South Waverly; Nancv Ellen, who married Lor- enzo Dow Post, and died in Shesliequin; Henry ('. (deceased); J. S., of the Exchange Hotel, Athens; Eliza, wife of E. J. Newell, of Sheshe- quin, and Mary (Mrs. Culver). To Mr. and Mrs. Culver, have been born, two children, viz.: Josephine, married to P. C. Gore, of Sheshequin, and Carrie Ellen, who was married to Victor E. Piollet, but was left a widow within a few months. Mr. Culver was the first man to be drafted into military service in Sheshecpiin, but was rejected on account of physical disability. I'olitically he is a, Republican, and was elected to the Legislature, in 1888, by a vote of 4,000 majority; he has held all the 43 758 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. lownshi}) offices. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. and of the State Encampment, and has passed all the chairs. JOHN M. CUKRIEIl, farmer and stockman, Warren Centre, was born in Warren township, his natal day being June 29, 1839 ; he is a son of Jolin M. and Anna (Underwood) (/Urrier, natives of Vermont and Massachusetts, respectively, and of the rugged Scotch extraction. His father, who was a farmer, came to this county in 1815, being one of the earliest settlers in Warren township, and cleared his land and here made his ])ermanent home; he died in 1861; his Avidow died in 1873 ; thev had twelve children of whom John M. is the seventh in the order of birth. Our subject commenced life on his own account as a farmer, and has labored patiently in his chosen vmeyard until the ])res- ent time, being now the owner of 105 broad acres, all in a high state of cultivation, with ample and elegant farm buildings, and well stocked. Mr. Currier w^as married in Chenango county, New York. November 1, 1858, to Catherine Sleeper, daughter of Josephus and Maria (Bowen) Sleeper, natives of A^ermont and Rhode Island, res[)ectively; tliey had eight children, of whom Catherine was the eldest; she was reared in her native place and attended school at Greene village, N. Y. To Mr. and Mrs. Currier have been born children as follows: Anna (Mrs. George A. Bowen), of Ilerrick township, who has four children ; Geo. E ; Olive S. and Maria R. (twins) (Olive S. married Fred E. Pitcher and has one child ; Maria R. married James N. Clapp, of Tioga county, N. y., and lias one child) ; and ( Jrace L. with her jjarents. The family worship at the Regular J>aptist Church, in which Mr. Currier holds the offices of trustee ami collector; in politics he is a Re])ublican and has held the offices of assessor and commissioner. When he purchased the elegant farm he now owns there were but twenty-three acres cleared and a little log house was all the improvement — but little, indeed, to indicate its present wealth and elegance. The family is one of the most highly respected in the county. S. O. DAGGETT, jjropi-ietor of the •* Stimson House," Athens, is a native of Daggett's Mills, Tioga (Jo., Fa., and was born September 15, 1846 ; his parents are J.ouis and Ellen S. (Wells) Daggett, residing in Tioga, the former a native of Tioga county, N. Y., and the latter of Yates county, same State ; the father has been engaged in the mer- cantile, luml)ering and hotel business. Subject's great-grandfathers, Daggett and Wells, were soldiers in the Revolutionary War. S. O. Daggett is the elder of two living children, and his brother, W. L. Daggett, is the proprietor of the " Rush House," Bellefonte, Pa. Our subject completed his education in Manslield State Normal School, and when about seventeen years of age, engaged in the mercantile business in Tioga, and also in the lumbering trade. In 1870 he engaged in the hotel business with his father, in Lawrenceville, and was there six years; in 1878 in a hotel in Tioga, also with the " I'rooklyn House" a sliort time, and tluni the '' Pai'k Hotel " (a, summer resort), over two years; went to Horscheads anorn October 27, 1835, and is a son of Jacob and Maria (Hilbert) Daniels, natives of Germany; the father, who was a farmer, died in his native home in 1838, in his thirty-seventh year; the mother died in 1837, in her thirty-fifth year. Jacob who is the second in the family of three children was reared in his native place until the age of eighteen, when he emigrated to New Yoi'k City and from there moved to St. Clair, Schuylkill Co., Pa., where he worked in the coal mines about three years, and then found employment on the Little Schuylkill Railroad for a short time, he then went to firing for the Cata'wissa Railroad, and was on that line about three years when he was pro- moted to engineer, continuing in that employ until 1871, when he went on the Lehigh Valley Railroad as engineer, and has been in this employ ever since. He was married in Pottsville in 1855 to Miss Maria, daugh- ter of Fredrick and Hannah Ilenninger, natives of Pennsylvania and who was the fifth in a family of thirteen children; she was born in Catawissa Valley, October 10^ 1837, and died December 1, 1889; she was a consistent member of the Episcopal Church. To Mr. and Mrs. Daniels were born seven children, as follows : Jacob F., a locomotive engineer, married to Ella Stevens; Hattie, wife of Eugene Finch, of Binghamton. N. Y.; William H., a locomotive engineer, married to Ella Miller; Charles, a locomotive engineer; George B., deceased; Jesse, a fireman, and Robert F., deceased. Mr. Daniels is a member of the Presbyterian Church; of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, Sayre Division, No. 380, and of the Knights of Honor, A. O. II. M. and Red Men; in politics he is a Democrat. WILLIAM H. DANIELS, locomotive engineer, Savre, is a native of Williamsport, and was born in November, lS60,a son of Jacob and Maria (Ilenninger) Daniels, the former of whom was a native of Ger- inany and the latter of Pennsylvania. AYilliam is the third in order of birth, in a family of seven children ; was reared in Williamsport until eleven years of age, and then came with the familv to Waverlv ; received a public-school education, and in 1876 went^on the Lehigh Valley Railroad as brakeman, and October 26, 1881, was changed to fireman, and was promoted to engineer, October 19, 1886, and has held that position since. lie married, in Sayre, August 5, 1886, Miss Ella J., dauo-hter of James and Rebecca (Albright) Miller, natives of Pennsylvania; her father was a locomotive engineer, and is now in the employ of the same road, at the round-house in Elmira ; she is the 760 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. eldest in a family of three children, and was born in Mauch Chunk. January 28, 1865. To Mr. and Mrs. Daniels was born a dauohter, Mabel; they are members of the E}iisco[)al Church. lie is a member of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, Sayre Division, No. 380, and No. 1817, and is a Democrat in politics. CHAELES VIRGIL DARE, M. D., Troy, was born in Bridgeton, Cumberland Co., N. J., August 26, 1822, a "son of John and Rachel (Watson) Dare, and is of Scotch descent. He was reared in his native State, educated in the common schools of his day, and after servmg an apprenticeship at the drug busmess and for a time being one of the ])roprietors of a drug store in Salem, N. J., he, in 1850, began the study of medicine with Dr. A. E. Small, of Philadelphia, and in the spring of 1854 was graduated from the Homeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania. Same year he began the practice of his profession at Millviile, N. J., and in December, 185-1, he removed to Chester, Pa., remaining there until 1859, when he located in Troy, where he has since resided. He was in active practice up to September, 1864, when he enlisted in Company H, One Hundred and Eleventh N. Y. V. I. and in February, 1865. was promoted to assistant-surgeon of the regi- ment, in which capacity he served until his discharge in June, 18()5. On liis return home he resumed the practice of his ])rofession in which he still continues. On December 2, 1845, he married Harriet Osborne, daughter of Nathan and Sarah (Rose) Sheppard, of Cedarville, N. J., by whom he had six children, four of whom grew to maturity: Laura V. (Mrs. John L. French), Kate S. (Mrs. E.'F. Lummis), Charles W. and ]\[ary S. Dr. Dare is a member of the Presbyterian Church and an ex-honorary member of the Hahnemann Homeopathic Medical Society, of Pennsylvania; in politics he is a Republican. His only son, Charles W. Dare, was l)orn November 9, 1856, at Chester, Pa., and received an academical education, and for fifteen years has been engaged as a clerk in the drug business; was graduated from the Phila- delj)hia College of Pharmacv in 1882. Politicallv he is a Republican. JABEZ G. DAUGHERTY, proprietor of '^'Daugherty's Hotel," Wysox, was born in Belvedere, N. J., February 28, 18'^>5, son of Igna- tius and Sarah (Sidell) Daugiierty, natives of New Jersey and of Hol- land origin. Ilis father, wlio was a miller bv trade, reared a family of eleven children of whom J. G. is the third. Our sul)ject ac(piired a common-school education, and at twenty-one engaged in the milling business in Susquehanna county, where he remained one 3'ear, and then boated on the North Branch Canal two years ; then again carried on the milling business five years in Suscjuehanna county, and one yeai' in Monroeton. In 1865 lie ])urchas(Hl the \'anP)i-unt mill at Wysox, where he did a general milling business eight years; then sold out to R. S. Barnes, of Rome, and engaged in the hotel busin«;ss in Diishore, where he remained one year. He then located in his present place of business, where he hns since remained. Mr. Daugherty was married March 6, 1859, to Miss Samantha, daughter of John and Martha (Sickler) Smith, of Wysox, and they have had l)orn to them four chil- dren : Lillie R., born DecemixM' 1, 1859, married to George Sill, a farmer, Orwell; George McClelhin, born August 22, 1863 (was named HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUiNTTY. 701 after Gen. George B. McClellan, and died November 6, 18()4, the dav of McClellan's defeat for the i)residency); John W., born Januarv 25, 186S (is engaged with his father); and Martha E., born Mav 2, 1870, married to George Kidge\va3% of Wysox. Mrs. Daughertv and the chihlren are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Myers- burg; Mr. Dauglierty is a member of the Masoiiic Lodge at Dushore, and is a stanch Democrat. J. A. DAVIDSON, clerk with the Cayuta Wheel & Eoundry Co., Sayre, is a native of Orange county, N. Y., born May 10, 1855, and is a son of George and Elizabeth Davidson, natives of County Down, Ireland, who immigrated to New York City al^out the year 1842; his father is a soap manufacturer; his mother "died in 1859, in her thirty- eighth year. This gentleman is the sixth in order of birth of a family of seven living children; was reared in Orange county and received afair public-school education ; then clerked in a grocery store in Eockland county, N. Y., about six years, then in 1875, went to Eock Island, 111., and worked in his uncle's soap factory about two years ; returned to Orange county, and remained there about a year, and then came to Sayre, and has been in the employ of the Cayuta Wheel & Foundry Co. since. He mar- ried Miss Leora, daughter of John and Lucy (Wrigley) Bensiev, the former a native of this county and the latter of England. His wife is the second in the order of birth in a family of six children, and was born in this county May 6, 1859; to them were born three daughters, as follows : Margaret, Grace and Mildred. Mr. Davidson is a Republican THADDEUS B. DAVIDSON, farmer, Ridgebury township, P. O. Wilawana, was born in Ridgebury, this county, August 16, 1827, and is a son of Jonathan and Polly (Hrown) Davidson, the former a native of Scotland, the latter of New York. In ids father's family there were nine children, of whom he is the eighth. He was reared on a farm, edu- cated in the common school, ami began life for himself, farming, at the age of twenty-two, and has made this the chief occupation of°his life. Mr. Davidson was married July 17, 1853, to Miss Elizabeth, daughterof Mills and Sarah (Spencer) Carr, of Ridgebury, and thev had one child, Wilmot, born April 7, 1857, and died February 28, 1879. Mr. David- son may well be counted among the successful farmers of Bradford county. In his political predilections he is a Republican. EVAN W. DA VIES, farmer. Pike township, P. O. Neath, was born February 8, 1811, in Languik, South Wales, a son of William and Eliza- beth W. (Rees) Davies. His father, who was a tailor by trade, came to America in 1831, and started a tailor shop in Carbondale, Pa., where he died in 1833; in his family there were four girls and one boy, Evan W., the second in order of birth, and the only survivor. The subject of this sketch was educated in Wales, where he learned the tailor's trade; he worked at this successively in Carbondale, Pa., Owego, N. Y., and Towanda, Pa., and he has owned, and partially cleared, several farms; he purchased his present home of sixty-nine acres, in 1871. He has been twice married: first time to Sarah, daughter of Samuel and Mary Thomas, and second time to Eleanor, daughter of John and Mary Perry, and she is still living; they have no children. Mr. and Mrs. 762 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Davies are members of tlie Congregational Chui'cli at Neath; he is a Republican in politics. E. W. DAVIES, postmaster, Athens, is a native of the borough, born June 30, 1845, a son of Thomas K. and Ascenoth (Wood burn) Davies, the former a native of Wales, the latter of Cherrv Valley, N. Y.; they died in Athens. E. W. Davies, who is the youngest in a family of ten children, received a public-school education, and also at- tended the academy at Atliens. He commenced, in 18()3, to learn the jeweler's trade in Caledonia, Ontario, working there about five vears, except the time he was in the Government service; from there went to Ba}' City, Mich., where he worked at his trade four years; then went to Ithaca, N. Y., and engaged in the jeweler's trade witii Mr. Phelj)s, under the firm name of Phelps & Davies, and continued there about five years, when he returned to Athens and embarked in the jewelry trade. He was appointed postmaster at Athens. March 20, 1890, and took charge of the oflflce April 1. Being too young to enlist in the army, he joined the construction corps, and after the captur-e of Atlanta was discharged on account of sickness. Mr. Davies was mar- ried in Athens, in 1871, to Sarah, daughter of Benjamin and Marv (Tuttle) Wanzer (she was the eldest of two children who grew to maturity; she died in 1880 a faithful mother), by which union there were four children, one of whom is now living, Eugene W. Davies, Jr. Mrs. Davies was a member of the Episcopal Church. Mr. Davies was married, the second time, in Ithaca, N. Y., in 1882, to Miss Emma Hughes, the youngest in the family of six children of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Hughes, natives of Wales. Mrs. Davies is a member of the Episcopal Church. He is a member of the F. & A. M., Rural Amity Lodge, No. TO, and also of the Sexennial League, Athens. Politically, he is a. Republican. JOHN D. DAVIES. In the year 1832, David Davies, a tailor at Languik, South AVales, bade farewell to his native land and, crossing the Atlantic, made his way into northern Pennsylvania there to make a home for himself and familv, and enjoy the advantages of our free and grand Itepublic. The eldest of his children, John D.. who is the sub- ject of this sketch, may well be counted among the successful farmers of Pike township. He was born May 31, 1822, and in 1834 he and his mother, Elizaljeth (Ilov/ell) Davies, and five children followed their father to this country. John D. attended school in the old log house at South Warren, until his seventeentii year, and assisted the family in clearing a farm of 250 aci-es. At the age of twenty-four years he began life for liiniself, and engaged in mining at CarbonchUe, Pa., where he remained twelve 3'ears. In 1850 he purchased his ])resent home of seventy-five acres in Pike township. Mr. Davies was mar- ried July 12, 1851, to Ann, daughter of John and Mary (Davis) Ellis, of Carbondale, Pa., and this union has been blessed with the fol- lowing children: David Henry, born February 28, 1853, an eminent physician of Nanticoke, Pa.; .John Ellis, born August 8, 1855, a law- yer, of Duluth, jNIinn,; INfary E., l)orn May 23, 1857, married to The- ophihis Farnells, a farmei", of Middlctown ; Emma, i)orn A])ril 23, 1859, mari'ied to P>erton Jones, a fai'uier, of Pike township, and died Novem- HISTORY OF HRADFORD COUNTY. TG^i ber23, 1889; William (deceased) born October 27, 1863; Margaret A., born April 5, 18(55 (was graduated from the Susquehanna Collegi- ate Institute in 1888, and has since been teaching in Kanticoke graded school); liees O., born July 12, 18()8. a student in Colgate Academ\', and Sarah Jane, born October 18, 1878, a teacher of Warren township. David Davies died in j\[arch, 1888, at the age of eighty-five, and his wife, Elizabeth, died in ISoC) aged sixty-one. The family are members of the Congregational Church at Neath. MONTAGUE A. DAVIES, veterinary surgeon, Troy, was born in Potton, Bedfordshire, England, June 20, 1867, and is a son of Kev. B. T. and Jeannette (Packman) Davies, who came to America in 1871 ; the father, who is a clergyman of the Baptist Church, located in Troy in 1887, and for three years was pastor of the Baptist Church of that place. Our subject was reared in New York and Pennsylvania ; was educated in the public schools, and in 1885 began the study of veter- inary surgery, and was gratluated from the Ontario College of Veter- inary Surgery, Toronto, Canada, in 1889. Previous to his graduating he had practiced his profession in Tonaw^anda, and Lockport, N. Y., and has succeeded in building up a business that is daily increasing; he is a member of the Veterinary Surgeons' Society of Toronto. Politicallv he is a repubhcan. HON!^ WILLIAM T. DAVIES, Towanda, was born in Glamor- ganshire, Wales, December 20, 1831, and when but tw^o years of age came with his parent's family to this country and located in Warren township, this county, and is both a fair specimen of the products of Bradford county as well as of the ])ossibilities in this country of the average farmer boy in the race of life. His parents were David and Elizabeth Davies, who spent the remainder of their lives in this county, and whose family of children were ten, and in the order of birth as follows: John, Mary, Philip, Evan, Ann, William T. (these were born in Wales) and Thomas (died in 1881), Pees, Elizabeth and Catherine, born in Bradford county. Dr. Pees Davies is a ])rominent physician of Wilkes-Barre ; Mrs. Mary Davies (husband and wife the same sur- name) lives in Wisconsin, and the others in this county — but a link in the circle gone, in this average of sixty years, of the sons and daughters of David and Elizabeth Davies; a strong and virile race, truly, whose coming and wdiose lives have added much and detracted nothing from the line of illustrious men and women of the county. The father an humble Welsh yeoman, who became a citizen by choice of ado])tion, and reared his sons and (hiughters true Americans, imbued with the spirit of liberty and restless ambitions and high purposes of the best in this favored land. In this household of strong and healthy chddren were impressed the lessons of industry, frugality and probity, that distinguishes our agricultural classes,*^ and have proved the'^ strong- foundations upon wdiich have grown this broad and marvelous Union and sisterhood of States. Gov. Davies is now in his sixtieth year, in the high meridian of his mental and physical life, and the once rustic farm boy of Warren townsliip has just retired from the second highest office in the State councils, Lieutenant-Governor of the Commonwealth, and from the plow^ handle to the helm of State are the rising rounds 704 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. of the ladder, commencing- in the country school, the valedictorian of the class of '53 at Owego Academy, N, Y.; a student in the law ofiice, first of Judge Elwell and then in that of Judge David Wilmot ; principal of the Towanda schools 1856 to 1860 ; responding to the call of his country as a private, and, by rapid steps, captain of Company ]>, One Hundred and Forty-iirst Pennsylvania Volunteers, and in 1863 reluctantly compelled from a long attack of typhoid fever to acce})t a surgeon's certificate of disability, and return a private citizen; and again an active lawyer forging his way to the front of the strong Brad- ford bar ; called b}-^ the suffrage of the people in 1865 to the office of District Attorney; sent a delegate to the National Republican Con- vention in 1876, and the same year elected to the State Senate, and re-elected in 1880, in which body he was fitly made chairman of the Judiciary General Committee; strongly supported for the office of State Treasurer in 1881; nominated in 1882 for Lieutenant-Governor, and defeated with the entire ticket, and again nominatetl for the same office in 1886 and elected. Step by step a busy and varied life, typical of the best features of our best form of civilization. William T. Davies and Mary Watkins were united in the bonds of wedlock. She is the daughter of William and Almira (liulett) Watkins, of Vermont, who came to this county immediately after their marriage in 1828, and settled in Towanda on the premises now occupied by Gov. Davies as a law office. Of t!ie Watkins family but two survive : Mrs. Davies and her brother, Hersey, of Oregon; another brother was the distinguished Col. G, II. Watkins who fell nobly battling for the Union at the head of his regiment in the charge on Petersburg, June 18, 1864, and her sister was Mrs. II. L. Lamoureux, who died in Towanda in 1885. The sons and daughters of Mr. and Mrs. W. T. Davies, in the order of birth, were as follows: Irene M., Thomas W. (deceased), Guy II., W. T., Jr., and Mary E. A. M. DAVIS, conductor on the L. V. U. E., is a native of Fulton- ville, Montgomery Co.. N. Y., and was born June 20, 1833. Ilis parents were Benjamin H. and Eve (Vedder) Davis, natives of New York, the former of whom was a farmer, and died in Ilockford, III., in 1873, in his seventy-sixth year; the latter died in 1871, in her sixty- fifth year. The grandfather, Valentine Davis, was a soldier in the War of 1812. A. M. Davis is the third in a family of four children, of whom two are living. lie received an academical education in the old his- toric academy of , Athens ; was reared in Waverly from the age of four years until he reached his legal majorit}^ and began his railroad career by braking on the Erie four years; then went to Kockford, HI., in 1857, and farmed near the city. Eesponding to the call of his country, he enlisted in August, 1862, in Company C, Seventy-fourth III. V. I., and some of the engagements he took part in wei'e tlie bat- tle of Stone River and all the battles of the Atlanta cam])aign, Chica- mauga. Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, and siege of Knoxville; was taken prisoner at Jonesboro, but escaped the same night; was in the Army of the Cumberland under Gens. Rosecrans and Thomas; was mustereci out at Nashville, Tenn.,in June, 1865, and returned to Rock- ford, where he was engaged in mercantile trade about three years ; frrSTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ?65 then engaged in the steamboat business on Rock river, as captain ; after which he traveled through Wisconsin, Iowa and lUinois on patent- right business, until July, 1876, when he was employed in braking on the Lehigh Valley Ilailroad. In May, 1877, he was promoted to con- ductor on coal train, and he was |)romoted to fast freight conductor from Waverly to Ilornellsville, in 1884, and in May, 1889. was pro- moted to extra passenger conductor. He was married in Waverly- in August, 1853, to Miss Sarah A., daughter of E. A. and Harriet (Young) Siiaw, the former a native of Green Bush (near Albany, N. Y.,) and the latter of Orange county ; the father was a saddler and harness maker, and died in Waverly in March, 1884, in his seventy-seventh year. The mother died April 30, 1874, in her sixty-ninth year. Mrs. Davis is the eldest in a family of live children, and was born in Orange county, N. Y., November 23, 1831. To Mr. and Mrs. Davis was born a daughter, Josephine Estelle, now the wife of Frank Bennett. Mrs. Davis is a member of the Episcopal Church. Mr. Davis is a member of the F. & A. M., Star in the East, No. 16G, Rockford, Ilk, and of the G. A. R. Politicall}' he is a Rejjublican. GEORGE E. DAYIS, superintendent Union Bridge Company Athens townshi}), P. O. Athens, is a native of Philadelphia, born June 30, 1843. His parents are William E. and Ann (Marsden) Davis, the former a native of Wales and the latter of England. They came to this country in early life, and the father was a wool-carder. George E. Davis, who is the eldest in a family of six children, served an apprenticeship at the house carpenter's trade in Easton, Pa. On Janu- ary 7, 1803, he enlisted in Battery B, First P. L. A. and served until the close of the war; he was mustered out at Harrisburg in June, 18G5, returned home and eno^ao-ed in bridg-e building; he erected the first building for the Bridge Company at Athens, was the first regular superintendent the company employed, and has held that position up to the present time. Mi". Davis was married at Bloomsburg, Pa., in 1865, to Miss Martha ]\[., daughter of Brigham and Susan (Geigei-) Bowdoin, the former a native of Massachusetts, the latter of Pennsyl- vania, who reside in Danville, this State. She is the second in a family of four children, and was born in Danville, Sept. 8, 1845. To Mr. and Mrs. Davis were born five children, viz.: Anna, Laura, Will- iam E., Charlotte M. and Mabel. The family are members of the Episcopal Church ; Mr. Davis is a member of the F. & A. M. Rural Amity Lodge, No. 70, of Chapter No. 116, and Commandery No. 16 at Towanda ; he is a Republican, and served tw^o vears as burgess of Athens. SAMUEL J. DAYIS, farmer, and cooper, of Pike township P. O. Neath, was born in Middletown, Susquehanna Co., Pa., July 29, 1842, and is the eldest in the family of eight children of John S. and Catherine (Evans) Davis, natives of Wales. He attended district school, and assisted his father in clearing up the farm till the age of twenty-three, wdien he served a cooper's apprenticeship with David Campbell, of Owego, N. Y.; then started a shop of his own at Neath, which he has operated since in connection with his farm ; he also o])erated a sawmill several years, a portion of which is still standing near his residence. Mr. 706 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. J);ivis was one of those who promptly answered the Governor's call for militia troops when the State was in danger at Gettysburg. He was married JMarch 20, 1801), to Mary Jane, daughter of M. R. and Lucy (Sheldon) Spafll'ord; her grandfather, Samuel Sj)afford, was one of the first settlers in Middletown townshi]). Mr. and Mrs. Davis have too children : Clara E. and Lucy C. The parents are members of the C/ongregational Church at Neath, of which Mr. Uavis is trustee. In his political views he is a Republican, JOHN H. DEAN, commissioner's clerk, Towanda, was born in South Creek township, this county, Januar}-^ 26, 1853, and is a son of Peter and Mary A. (Rellis) Dean. His paternal grandparents, John and Eliza (Miller) Dean, who were formerly of New Jersey, and ])ioneers of South Creek townshi}), cleared a farm and died there; their family consisted of three sons and five daughters, as follows: "William, Caroline (Mrs. Lewis Mosher), Emily (Mrs. Martin Berry), Mary (Mrs. Hugh Findlay), Phebe (Mrs. Mortimer Harkness), Lydia, Peter J. and Elmer W. The maternal grandfather, who was a native of New Jersey, was among the first settlers of South Creek townshij), this county, where he cleared a farm and died. Peter J. Dean, father of our subject, was reared in Bradford county, a farmer, and improved considerable property in South Creek township; he held several offices during his lifetime — was constable twelve years; enrolling officer during the Civil War, and was sheriff of Bradford county during 1879, '80, '81. He died in South Creek township, in December, 1S8G. He had four children, viz. : John H., Edward C., William B. and A. Horton. John H. Dean was reared in South Creek township, receiving a common-school education, and was deputy treasurer of Bradford countv, under J. C. Robinson, in 1876, '77 and '78, and deputy sheriff, under his father, in 1879, '80 and '81, and in 1882, '83 and '81:"; he Avas engaged in the lumbering business, at Towanda, from 1883 until the fall of 1890; traveling salesman for the Dayton Flouring Mills, of Towanda, and Januarv 1, 1891, was appointed commissioner's clerk. He has been a resident of Towanda since 1876. Mv. Dean was married, January 24, 1879, to Annie, daughter of Benjamin and Pamelia (Gardner) Kuykendall, of Towanda, and has two children : Katherine and Annie. He is a Sir Knight Templar, and in politics is a Rei)ublican. REV. ALEXANDER D. DECKER, pastor of the :Methodist Episcopal Church, Wyalusing, was born in Portland, Pa., July 21, 1860, and is a son of George and Caroline Decker. His father was a native of New Jerse}^ and his mother of Northampton county. Pa. His parents were farmers, and have a family of five chihlren, of whom the subject of this sketch is the fourth. He was educated at ]\[ontrose High School and Wyoming Seminar v ; his first a]>pointment as pastor was in May, 1885, at Harford Mills, N. Y., where he remained two years, and was admitted into the Wyoming Conference in April, 1886; in 1887 he was transferred to Tioga Centre, where belabored faithfully three years, and in LS90 he came to Wyalusing, where he has since l)een very successful. IMr. Decker was married ]\rarch 1(». 1886, to Ida M. Sumner, daughter of Rev. J. B. Sumner, now presiding elder of HISTORY OF URADFOllD COUNTY. 767 Ilonesclale District, Wyoming Conference. She is a graduate of tiie art department of Wyoming Seminary. Tiiey have one cl)ild, Natalie, born June 23, 1890. As a pastor, Mr. Decker has been blessed with abundant success, and has tlie conlidence and esteem of all. EDWIN W. DECKER, farmer, at Durell Centre, was born Decem- ber 11, 1833, in Standing Stone townshij), this county, on the liummei-- field creek, a son of Philip J. Keyzer, who came from Switzerlaml with his parents to Philadelphia, and first settled in this county in 1828. The subject of this sketch, his mother having died when he was two years old, was adopted into the family of Simeon Decker, at the time, and ever since assumed his name. lie was educated in the district chools, went one year to college at Towanda and one vear to Williamsport. He was reared on the farm on which he now lives, which is a very fine one under a good state of cultivation. He w^as married June 30, 18G5, to Nancy Brown, who was born at Sugar Run, this county, April 27, 1845, daughter of John P. and Uraia Brown, natives of Wyalusing township. Mrs. Decker's mother is living with them at the age of eighty-one years, a well-preserved lady who has a great fund of historical reminiscences of the early times in Bradford ; her grandfather was one of the pioneers of Wyalusing. Mr. and Mrs. Decker have three children, as follows: Florence U., born January 25, 1869, wife of Edwin J. Benjamin ; Laura A., born April 2, 1871; Evan S., born March 2, 1881. Mr. Decker was in the Fifty -seventh P. V. I., Company (I, in the War of the Rebellion, and was imprisoned in Libby prison many months. He is a life-long Democrat, and a square free trader, and always active to take ])art on discussing the issues of the times. lie has always been held with respect and esteem by all his many friends for integrity, benevolence and his Christian virtues. SAMUEL S. DEKAY, farmer and stock-grower,. LUster, was born in Sussex county N. J., December 19, 1813, son of Charles Dekay, a farmer, a native of New Jerse}', and Clara Seely, of New York. He came from New Jersev in 1849, and located in Factorvville, Wvoming- Co., Pa., and came to this county in 1809 and located at north Towanda. He has been twice married: the first time to Amanda Wright, a native of New York, December 7, 1848 ; by this marriage there w^ere five children, viz.: Alice, (wife of Judd Smith); Charles (deceased); Fill- more; Emma and Eva (twins) (Emma married Everett Briggs, Eva is deceased). His wife died December 7, 1855, and September 10, 1857, he was united in marriage to Lydia, daughter of Holden and Sarah (Billings) Capwell, natives of this State; by this marriage there are six children, viz.: Clara, widow of James Madden, Sie and Uri (twins, deceased); Lura; William; and Jud. Mr. Dekay 's early education was received in the country schools of Sussex county, N. J., and was quite limited. He now owns fifty acres of finely improved farm land, and keeps a small dairy ; he is a member of the Dem- ocratic partv. WESLEY H. DELANEY, engineer on the L. V. R. "R., Sayre, is a nativ^e of Tioga county, N. Y., and was born November 14, 1850; a son of John and Sarah (Hartford) Delaney, natives of Orange county. 768 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. N. Y. The lather was a farmer in early life, was a soldier in the Civil War, and is now in the employ of the raili'oad company, with residence at Waverly, K. Y. Wesley H., who is the eldest in a family of tive children, was reared in Tioga county, N. Y., where he received a com- mon-school education. He came to Milltown in 1870, and worked in the L. Y. R. E. engine house from the fall of 1872, until he was pro- moted to Locomotive Engineer in May, 1880, which position he lias since held. He was married in Sayre, November 21, 1877, to Miss Sarah, daughter of John and Mary (Cochrane) Lamont, the former a native of Belfast and the latter of Coleraine, Ireland; they came to New York Cit}'^ in 1848, from there to Connecticut, then to Massachusetts, and removed to Sayre in September, 1873; the father resides in Sayre and works in the foundrv; the mother died in November 1885 in her sixty -fifth year. Mrs. Delaney is sixth in a family of nine children; and was born in Lime Rock, Conn., April 3, 1856. To Mr. and Mrs. Delaney were born five children: Louis E., Mary F., Wesley L., John A. (deceased) and George H. Mr. Delaney is a member of the Knights of Honor, Patriotic Sons of America and the Brotherhood of Loco- motive Engineers, Division No. 380, and is a Republican. ORRIN L. DELANO, of DeLano & Campbell, grocers, Towanda, Avas born in Westmoreland, Oneida Co , N. Y., in 1825, a son of Saf- ford S. and Clarissa (Cook) DeLano, and is of Huguenot stock. His ancestors came to America in 1680 and settled in Massachusetts. He was reared in his native State, educated in the high school of Rome, N. Y., and at the age of twenty removed to Brooklyn where he was engaged in the dry-goods business with his father until 1858; he then spent two years in the dry-goods business in Oneida countv, N. Y., and in 1860 located in Bath, N. Y., wiiere he was engaged in the dry- goods business ten 3^ears. In 1870 he came to Towanda, where he took charge of the grocery department in the store of Joseph Powell, in which ca])acity he served eighteen years. In 1889 he foi'med a partnership with J. W. Campbell in the grocery trade, under the name of DeLano & Campbell, in which they have since continued. Mr. De- Lano was married, in 1849, to Ann, daughter of John and Margaret (Robertson) I^ownie, of Leslie, Scotland, by whom he has five children, viz.: Margaret, Safford S., Florence, Alice and Julia. Mr. DeLano is a member of the Presbytei'ian Church, and in ]wlitics is a Democrat. R. B. DENMARK, proprietor of saw and planing mill, Grover, is a native of Chemung county, N. Y., and was born March 10, 1851, a son of J. J. and Cornelia (Smith) Denmark, natives of Chemung count}'^ and of near West Point, N. Y., respectively. J. J. Denmark was a carpenter and joiner by trade, and died in Canton townshij) in 1882, in his sixty-third year; Mrs. Denmark still survives him and resides in Canton. The gmndfather, Christopher Denmark, settled in Che- mung county, N. Y., and died in Union township, Tioga Co., Pa. The paternal grandfather, Nathan Smith, was a native of New York, and died in Tompkins countv; lie was a soldier in the War of 1812. R. B. Denmark, who is the sixtli in order of birth in a family of seven children. w;is reared in (Mieinung county until three years of age, when the family removed to Union townshij), Tioga Co., Pa., where HISTORY OF RRADFORD COUNTY. 769 they resided seven years; then went to Fallbrook, and from there to Grover, where they resided about four years, and then came to Canton. Our subject was in N. S. Denmark's furniture factory nine years, and in S. J. Ilickcox's phming-mill, also nine years. He then removed to Grover, and built a sawmill, but, selling his interest, he went to Ken- tucky and was foreman for the Ilixson &Roddourn Lumber Company one year; then moved to Newfield, N. Y., and was in the lumber busi- ness there six months. Returning to Grover, he has since resided here. Mr. Denmark was married in Monroeton, in 1871, to Anna, daughter of James and Maria (Williams) Jones, natives of Pennsyl- vania ; she is the seventh in order of birth in a family of eight chil- dren, and was born in Canton township, March 27, 1850. To Mr. and Mrs. Denmark were born four children : Myrtie, Ralph (deceased), Carrie May and Jennie. Mr. Denmark is a member of the I. O. O. F., Canton Lodge. Xo. 321, and also of the Encampment, No. J 85, Can- ton. Politically he is a Republican. D. D. DEPUE, proprietor of the Seeley House, Towanda, was born in Vestal, Broome Co., N. Y., in 1854, a son of James and Eliz- abetli (Rose) Depue, and of French descent. He was reared and edu- cated in his native county, and began his business career in the hotel business. He conducted the "' Cottage House " at Great Bend, Susque- hanna Co., Pa., three years, and in 1881 erected the " Keystone (now Sawyer) House" at that place, which he successfully conducted until 1886. In September, 1889, he purchased the ''Seeley House" at Towanda, a neat and commodious hotel, with accommodations for 100 guests, and has built up a successful business, which is daily increas- ing. In 1878 Mr. Depue married Miss Carrie B., daughter of John G. Throp, of Candor, N. Y.,and has one son, Harry. CHARLES D. DERRAH, editor of the Canton Sentinel, horn at Rockport, Carbon Co., Pa., Sei^tember -1, 1858, a son of Joshua and Lavina (Krum) Derrah, natives of Norristown and Carbon county, Pa., respectively, of Scotch-Irish and German descent. Joshua Derrah was engaged in the meat business most of his life, at Maunch Chunk, Rock- port, Troy and Canton. He died at Canton in 1889, in his seventy-ninth year. Mrs. Derrah still resides in Canton. They had a family of four children, of whom three are now living. Charles D. Derrah^ who is the youngest in the family, was reared in Rockport until six years of age ; removed to Troy and was there about three and one-half years, when he caine to Canton. He received his education in the public school and Troy Academy, and at the age of thirteen began an appren- ticeship at the printer's trade, and helped on the first issue of the Can- ton Sentinel. At the age of sixteen he finished his trade, serving for three and one-half years in the Troy Gazette office. In April, 1878, he went to Detroit, and woi'ked on the Detroit F'ree Press as compos- itor for eighteen months, and was then appointed traveling agent for the same paper ; was then given a position in the job room, and had charge of the shipping stock and show printing, where he remained until January 1, 1883; then returned to Canton and purchased the Canton Sentinel. Mr. Derrah was married July 6, 1886, to Fannie P., daughter of Hon. B. S. Dartt, of Canton, a hardware merchant; her 770 HISTORY OF BKADFORI) COUNTY. mother was Achsah E. (Manlev) Dartt, and resides in Canton (they had a faniilv of five children, o"f whom Mrs. Derrah is the fourth, and three are now living; she was born in Troy, August 24, 18()8). They are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he is a trustee. lie is a member of the F. A: A. M., Canton Lodge, No. 415, and of the I. O. O. F., No. 321 ; is secretary of the Union Agricultural Association, and has held that position for live years. Politically he is a Republican. ANDREW DESMOND, of Rome township, farmer and stock o-rower, P. O. Mversburg, was born in County Cork, Ireland, December 25, 1844, and is" a son of Thomas and Mary (Cotter) Desmond, both natives of County Cork, Ireland ; his father was a farmer; he had two children, born in Ireland ; Mary the eldest married Timothy Desmond ; his parents are both living, and make their home with Andrew. His father's family came to this country in 1846, and resided in several differ- ent localities" before coming to Bradford county to make their home; reaching this county on Friday, the day of President Lincoln's assass- inati()n,"and located where they have since resided. Andrew spent his boyhood in Chemung and Lycoming counties, where he attended the public schools until nineteen years old, and then worked on the rad- road two years; came to Bradford county, and now owns 100 acres of o-ood land', all under cultivation ; the house is a frjuue one with all the conveniences, two stories, and was built in 1807; the farm is well stocked. He was united in marriage in October, 1880, to Hannah, daughter of John and Hannah (Sullivan) Hayes. Her father and inotTier, who were born in Cork, Ireland, were married September 8, 1846, and had a family of fourteen children, viz.: Daniel, born July 6, 1847; William, born July 4, 1848; Michael, born February 24, 1850, died January 13, 1854;' John, born January 11, 1852;' Ellen, born January 18, 1853, married to Thomas Dolan ; Mary, born February 24, 1855; Charles, born July 6, 1856; Hannah, born March 8, 1858; Eliz- abeth, born January 28, 1860, died in infancy; Julia, born April 17, 1861, married to Peter Hurly; Dennis, born April 2, 1863; Michael, born June 6, 1865; James, born May 6, 1868; and Catherine, born February 8, 1873. Mr. and Mrs. Desmond have had born to them one child, Tiiomas, born November 6, 1883. The family are all members of the Catholic Church, of Towanda. He is a Democrat, and a mem- l>er of the Farmers' Alliance. He is among the best fanners of this county, and came to this section when the country was almost a wil- derness; yet, by untiring industry, he has carved from the dense hem- lock forests a beautiful home, and with no assistance has secured a fair amount of this world's goods ; he is looked upon as a model farmer and enjoys the love and respect of all who know him. HA liRISON I )ETRICK (deceased), who, in his lifetime, was among the most successful and prosperous of Pradford county's farmers, was born on a farm in Monroe countv. Pa.. June 14, 1834, a son of John E. and Marv M. (Mt>rrev) Detrick, also natives of Monroe county. He was i-eai-ed on the farm, educated in the common school, and, as soon as he reached his majority, came with his sister to this county, where he managed his father's extensive landed interests. He located on tlu; HlsrOUY OF BltADFORl) COUNTY. 771 farm now occupied by liis family, and there passed the rest of his days. After iiis father's deatii he purchased tlie farm and improved it until he had a beautiful home, containing one 160 acres of exceedingly fine farm land. Mr. Detrick was married April 24, ISOl. to May Anne, only daughter of Philip and Jane (Lamb) Sullivan, former of whom was born in Ireland, latter in Wyalusing. To Mr. and Mrs. Detrick were born two children: Earnest H., born Mav 9, 1S77, and Jennie M., born March 31, 1881. Mr Detrick died in ^1883 from injuries received through being thrown from a wagon, lie was a careful, neat and successful farmer, and a very hard worker. Since his death, his widow has had full charge of the farm, and its neat and tidy appearance, which compares most favorably with that of her neigiibors, shows abundantly that she has the skill to manage success- fully. Mrs. Detrick is a member of, and liberal contributor to, the Methodist Episcopal Church of Spring Hill. CMAllLES J. DETTIIA, carpenter and farmer, P. O. Ulster, was born in Montgomery county, Pa., February 12, 1850, and is a son of Christian and Martha (Davis) Dettra, natives of Montgomery county, Pa., his father of German and his mother of Welsh descent; his grand- father was a miller and one of the pioneers of Montgomery county. His parents came to Bradford county in the year 1870, locating in Ulster, where his father yet lives at the age of eighty-seven, being the oldest inhabitant of the township ; his mother died in Montgomery county in 188Y, aged seventy-four ; they were farmers. Charles attended the common schools of Montgomery county until sixteen years old, and received a good common-school education, and worked on his father's farm until nineteen years old; then secured a position on the Lehigh Valley Railroad as carpenter, 'building bridges, depots, etc, and has continued in the employ of the railroad twenty-two years. Ue owns thirty-eight acres of finely improved land, which he cultivates himself, growing tobacco and other crops ; he also keeps a small diiiry. Mr. Dettra has been remarkably successful in business, and has secured an independence entirel}' through his own exertions. He was married December 1-1, 1875, to Agnes, daughter of William and Jessie (Gallespie) Irving; they have no children. His fathers family consisted of twelve children, eleven of whom survive, four of whom live in this county, viz.: Louis, Joseph, Catherine (wife of H. J. Shaw) and himself, he being the tenth in order of birth ; is a member of the Rural Amity Lodge of Athens, F. & A. M., and Union Chapter, No. 161, R. A. M., and of Northern Commandery, No. 11. K. T., of Towanda Lodge of Perfection, No. 140; also a member of the Iron Hall, Sex- ennial League, order of the Royal Ark, and of the Peojiles Benefit Association. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church, of which Mr. Dettra is an elder and holds the office of' trustee ; his polit- ical views are Republican. A. J. DEWEY, farmer, of South Creek township, P. O. Wells- burg, N. Y., was born in South Creek, May 20, 1835, a son of James and Mahetable (Van Cam])) Dewey, natives of Vermont and Canada, respectivel^^ His fnther was the son of James Dewey, who removed from Vermont, near the Green Mountains, in the early history of this 772 HISTORY OF HUADFOKD COUNTY. county, locating- on Bentley's creek, where he built one of the Hrst mills in that section of the county, being one of the pioneers. James, Jr., his son, settled on a new farm of 200 acres of wood land, on Avhat is now called Doty hill, he being one of the first settlers on that hill. His family consisted of six children who grew to maturity, three of whom are now living, as follows: Levi and Andrew J., and Eliza A. Callen. James, Jr., died August 14, 1872, at the age of seventy years. A. J. Dewey, the subject of this sketch, is the fifth in order of birth. At the age of twentv-three he married Sarah E., daughter of Charles and Lydia Loveland, on December 20, 1858, at ^Nichols, N. Y. There were born to them four children, all of whom grew to maturity and are now living, viz.: Eliza A., married to Dwight S. Parsons, deputy postmaster at»Ansonia, Conn.; Floyd H., Cora I. and Mary Elizabeth. Mr. Dewey has 100 acres of rich fertile land, which he bouglit of George Suffern, then known as the " Hillman place." He follows a mixed line of farming, and is an extensive butter maker; his stock is fine and graded ; he is a natural mechanic, doing all of his own building. The family are members of the Baptist Church; in politics he is a Re}>ublican. DEWEY BROTHERS, merchants, Gillett, were born in South Creek township, Bradford Co., Pa., C. P., in December, 1862, and E. O., in March, 1865. They were reared and educated in Ridgebury township, this county, C. P. taking a course at Warner's Commercial College, in Elmira, N. Y. They are ihe sons of Walter and Parentha (Sutlitf) Dewey, both of whom were born in Xew York and removed to this county about 1850, locating on what is now known as'' East Hill,"' but subsequently removed to Ridgeburv, where the father now resides, a prosperous farmer in eas}^ circumstances ; his family consists of eight children by two marriages, seven of Avhom grew to maturity, and six are now living. C. P. and E. O., who are the seventh and eighth respectively in the family, began mercantile business in Gillett on March 4, 1889, with a full line of goods adapted to country trade, and by their gentlemanly bearing to all they have won the esteem of their neighbors, and by close attention to business they have won the con- Hdence and trade of many. Their stock consists of a general supply of the best quality, and they handle a variety of agricultural imple- ments, such as mowers, reapers, etc., also harness, and are extensive dealers in butter. C. P. Dewey has lield the office of postmaster nearlv two years. The brothers are both married, C. P. having wed- ded May 20, 1885, May, daughter of A. E. and Marion Striton, and there were two children born to them, Blanche and Agnes. E. O. married, in January, 1890, Rose, daughter of Reuben and Clara Gi-is- w(jld. The i)rothers are members of the International Fraternal Alli- ance of Baltimore. Md., and politically are Rei)ublicans. GEORGE F. DEWING, farmer and stock grower of Warren townshi|), P. O. Warrenham, was born in Warren township. April 2'.), 184G, and ti-aces his ancesti-y back some generations, ;is follows: An- drew Dowin": came from England nnd became a freeman of Dedhnin. Mass., in ir)46, and is so registered in Farmers' Geographical Register, Barkers Historical Collections, page 456; his son Andrew Dewing HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 778 was born Novembei' 20, 1055, according- to the Dcdhani records; iiis son Edniiuul Dewing was born September 9. 1004, according to the same record; he married linth Dunklee, March 20, 172o, as noted in the records of Needham, and they had seven sons and daughters. The youngest was Ilezekiah Dewing, who was born September 9, 1740, as is shown bv the records of Needham; his son Michael Dewing was born in Wood- stock. Conn., in May, 1765 ; he married Iluth Coburn, and they had six children, of whom Andrew Dewing was second, born Jufy 19, 1792, in Salisbury, Conn., and was the father of George F. Dewing, our subject. Andrew married twice, first Elizabeth Fahnestock, in 1820, She died in 1821, and in 1845 he married Nancy Dobson, who bore him four children, viz.: George F., Elizabeth F. (Mrs. Dr. J. M. Newman, whose husband died in 1880, leaving her with two daugh- ters), Anna C. (Mrs. I. M. Young), who has three sons, and Andrew, who married Esther R. Coburn, and has four sons and a daughter. Andrew came to this county with his maternal grandfather in 1802, and died August 20, 1883, aged ninety-one years ; his widow died July 24, 1887, aged sixty-nine. George F. Dewing spent his early life in Warren township, and farmed and taught school for a number of years and now owns a farm of ISO acres, that is well cultivated, and has elegant and commodious farm buildings on it and a residence which has just been completed. He was married in Wvsox, March 22, 1870, to Abigail daughter of Albert and Susan (Bull) Lent, natives of Pennsylvania and New York, respectively, and of Dutch and English extraction. To them were born ten children, of whom Abigail, a native of Wysox, was the eighth. To Mr. and Mrs George F. Dewing were born five children, who are the eighth generation of Americans of that name and family. They are as follows: Nancy, Francis T., Geo. Albert, Anna and Elizabeth. The family worship at the Presbyterian Church ; Mr. Dewing votes the Republi- can ticket. WILLIAM F. DeAVITT. senior member of the firm of DeWitt & Ballard, dealers in general merchandise, Tro3^ was born in Monroe county. Pa., August 24, 1848, and is a son of Caleb II. and Mary (Albert) DeWitt.' His paternal grandfather, Col. Joseph DeWitt, a native of New Jersey, was a pioneer of Wells township, this county, where he engaged in farming and merchandising and reared his family ; he was a colonel in the militia in Bradford county. The father of our subject, a native of New Jersey, was reared in P)radford county, but spent most of his life in Tioga county, where he engaged in farming and died ; his wife was a daughter of Peter T. Albert! of Monroe county. Pa., by whom he had four sons: Joseph II., William F.. John W. and Calvin II. Our subject was reared in Tioga county until twenty-one years of age, and was educated at the State Normal School at Mansfield ; on March 8, 1809, he came to Troy and for thir- teen years was a clerk in the general store of Leonard '& Redington. In 1881 he embarked in business with L. J. Ballard, under the name of Dewitt & Ballard in which he has since continued. He married twice, his first wife was Jennie, daughter of John and Mary (Dimm) Rooker, of Muncy, Pa., by whom he had one daughter, Helena; his u 774 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. second wife was Blanche, daughter of Gen. George and Elizabeth (Miter) Armstrong, of Milton, Pa., by whom he has one son, William A. Mr, UeWitt is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; in politics he is a Democrat, and is one of the present school directors of Troy borough ; socially he is a Royal Arch Mason. JOEL DIBBLE, farmer, of Burlington township, P. O. Mountain Lake, settled here in 1847, in the wilderness, and cleared a large farm, having come from Dutchess county, X. Y., where he was born July 18, 1824, a son of Sanford and Phebe (Denton) Dibble, natives of Dutch- ess county, and of English origin. Mr. Dibble has been obliged, since seven yeai's of age, to depend u})on his own resources for a livelihood, and necessity has taught him the strictest economy, but by great per- severance he has been enabled to accumulate a fine property, being now the owner of a farm of over ninety acres, under a good state of cultivation. He has been twice wedded : on March 6, 1845, he was married to Hannah Mead, by whom he had three children : YanWike, Washington F. and Charles. This wife died February 14, 1856, and December if), 1857, he married Elizabeth AYright. of Burlington, who was born March 19, 1838, in Dutchess county, N. Y., a daughter of Horace and Lydia Ann (Mead) Wright, of English extraction, and natives of the above-named county. Horace Wright was a soldier of the War of 1812. and Mrs. Dibble's brother, Thomas, was a soldier in the War of the Pebellion, losing his life through long exposure. Mr. Dibble has had, by his second wife, five children, as follows: Ella A., born September 29, 1858, died March IS, l.s70; Edgar, born March 7, 1860; Clara, born October 2, 1804, died August 13, 1882; Oscar, born January 24. 1874, died February 2, 1877; and Cora, born November 27, 1877. Mr. Dibble has been a successful farmer, and was many years an extensive shingle manufacturer. He is a Republican, and takes an interest in the affairs of the party. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. LEYI S. DICK IN SO i\, farmer, P. O. Wetona, was born October 28, 1823, in Haddam, Middlesex Co., Conn., a son of Daniel C. and Christiana (Clark) Dickinson, natives of the same place, born of Eng- lish and French descent, and who removed to Bradford county on May 1, 1840, settling in Springfield, near where Mr. Dickinson now rv'sides. I^aniel C. Di(;kinson was a farmei", and was in the stone quarry business a great many years; he and his wife were members of the (Jongi-egational (Miurch. The Dickinsons have a genealogical family history in which the ancestry is traced back to one, Nathaniel Dickinson, who settled near Boston in 1630, and among the relatives are f^^^ October 23, 1854, died July 8, 1881;Fann.e E., born December 20 185b, mar^-ied to S. Edgar Chubbuck, a farmer in Orwell township; Martha E born December 20, 1857, married to Oscar Brown, a farmer in Orwel unvnship; Ida A., borA August 7, 1859, married to Puchard Andrews, of Lestersh^'re, N. Y.; Leste^r A., born May 12, 1862,^ died in infancy, Charles A., born Noyember 2, 18G4, died J""^ 2., 18. .; Jes.e A., born July 21, 1866, died October 25, 1890; Frances A., born Mav 29, 18.0, now livino- at home. In politics Mr. Dimon is an Imlependent vote.. THOMAS J. DINAN, JR., finisher and '^^^^'^f''''\l'''^^^^^^^ Towanda was born in Lancaster county. Pa., April 30, 18o9 a son o Thoni J. and Sophia (Fineour) Dinan, and is of I-f-^- .^-;;^^^;^ descent- his father was a native of Philadelphia, a son ot Pat ick Dinan whrwa's a native of Ireland, and one of the oldest mad --1 n.c o- of Pennsvlvania. Thomas J Dinan, Sr., who is a cabmet-makei b> tia le was a^soldier in the Civil War, and is a prominent member o the G A R • he has been a resident of Will.amsport, Pa., since 1871, uas elected to the Lower House of the State Legislature to represent Lyconv ing county in 1884, and is the only r^^i;^^'>''^f,, ^^'^^^^^^^^^ ,^ , fj^' ^^ olllce from that county; he is now custodian of he P" ',';;; ''{j^^,,^ J Wilhamsportandhas been chief clerk under SHperinteiulent Wayne two yearL Thomas J. Dinan, Jr., was educated in the -!;-^-^^^^ learnincr his trade in Williamsport, and has held the posiion of foreman n Zr^d' the largest shops in 'the country one in ^^^^ f "^J ^1^ ^' Pennsylvania, and is now contractor and foreman '" he fac oi^y ot J. O.^ Frost's Sons, Towanda. which position he has /^e'd /'"^^ coming to that place in 1888. In 1881 Mr. Dman ^muM-itnl He en dau-hter of J. H. and Elizabeth (Lane) McCuUough. ol Wdmingtoii, HrSTORY OF HRADKORD COUNTY. 77? N. C, and has two children living: Herbert and Soj)hia A. Mr. Ditian is a member of the German Ma^inerchor and Leiderkranz. and in pol- itics is a Republican. WILLIAM S. DOBBINS, retired farmer, Ti-oy, was boi-n in Bur- lington township, this county, June 27, 18(»0, and is a son of John and Rebecca (McKean) Dobbins. Ilis paternal grandfather, AVilliam Dobbins, who was of Irish parentage, settled in Rurlington in 1791, on what is now the County Farm, and lived and died in that town- ship; his children were: Robert, Daniel, John, William, Eleanor (Mrs. Johnson Miller), Jane (Mrs. Ebenezer Kendall), Susan (Mrs. Nathaniel Ballard), Sally (Mrs. Jutlge Reuben Wilbui-), Betsey (Mrs. Nathan Ballard) and Polly (Mrs. Jesse Woodruff) ; his wife' was Mary A. McLean. John Dobbins, father of our subject, located in Burlington township in 1701, and removed to Troy township in 1820, settling on Avhat is now known as the Joraleman farm ; later removed to near Dillin's Mills and died there; his wife was a daughter of James and Jane (Scott) McKean, of Burlington township, by whom he had ten children: Jane (Mrs. Elihu Newberry), Mary A.' (Mrs. Johnson Will- iams), Samantha (Mrs. Churchill Barnes), William S., Andrew McKean, Elizabeth (Mrs. Joseph Hunt), Julia (Mrs. Samuel McNitt), Daniel, Rebecca (Mrs. Marvin Rockwell) and Sarah (Mrs. Norman Palmer). Mr. Dobbins was a prominent citizen of his day, and was a justice of the peace for twenty years. William S., the subject of this sketch, was reared in Troy and Burlington townships; he located in Troy with his parents in 1820, has followed farming most of his life, settling, in May, 1833, on the farm of 200 acres where he now resides, which he cleareci and improved, having cut the first stick on the place. He was twice married, his first wife being Nancy, daughter of Elibius and Nancy Both well, of Syracuse, N. Y., by whom he had ten chil- dren: Emeline S. (deceased), Andrew J., Nancy R. (Mrs. William Burgers), Marian (Mrs. John H. Grant), Emeline S. (second) (Mrs. A. H. Hepburn), William, James, John E., Samuel McKean and Thomas; his second wife was Sarah, daughter of Adam and Elizabeth (Hoffman) Widle, of Lancaster county. Pa., by whom he had three children: Thomas H., Mary and Leonora. Mr. Dobbins is one of the oldest citizens of Bradford county ; he served as constable of Troy three years in succession, was deputy sheriff of Bradford county three years, and sheriff of the county three years, being elected to' the office in 18-18 ; he was delegate to the State Convention at Harrisburg several terms, and in his prime always took an active part in politics. Polit- ically he has always been a stanch Democrat, and sociallv he is a mem- ber of the F. t% A. M. WILLIAM A. DOBBINS, railway conductor, residence No. 600 Central avenue, Indianapolis, Intl., is a native of Bradford county. Pa., born on his father's farm near Troy, the second son of William S. Dobbins. At the old homestead William A. Dol)bins spent his child- hood, learned to labor, went to school in the neighborhood, and in time became a student in the old Troy Academy. At the age of twenty he sought and found employment with a railroad, became a brakeman, and for the past twenty-five years he has been m railroad service, being HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1 ^ , iU^ Q.t T finis Vimdalia & Indianapolis now passenger conductor ^n the SL Loui^ Vanca^ ^i^^^^ his «iite Miss Anna M.^f;^' .^l;^''^ ' ^ count' She wL some years rsr.nr y^l^^ ^-Sfl^:^^ "" ---^^^^ Si- £S bx f ^t:^« =r ^-■ occupation he follouxauntl lb78 ^^hen he ^^^^.^^^ partnership lianlware business at lio\, wit" f-/^- T„|,,,son until 188i, since existed under the Hrm name of 1^"' ^'^ " .^S "' °X^^ of Dob- l„eh time the ^--g has been «,luaejd^^^ ,,,^^,, „ ,, bins & Correli. Mr. Dobbins f /; J"^, ■ T^r^ternitv He is Past and is also an active member ^^ ti^^/\?^T''y.'74't Aio-b Priest of county, and is a son of John F. and Me ssa l^"i<^^W n^ .^^^ a natiVe of Terry township, ^>«™,^,^5,^"^^^\|iV The a er is the son of Wvalusing touniship, born ^ugus 22 Ibl • i e -^^^ of Edmund and Rebecca Dodge, he torne^^^^^^^^ December 21, 1777, the latter a na e ^^ En^ an L i^^ ^^.^^^^^ son of 01iverDodge,whocametotl scountN in.t ve^^ ^^ ^.^ about the same time the Terrys came, m lij J, ^^^^^ banks of the Susquehanna nver taking up .^^^^^^^ 'n e' was d stributed side and about 400 on the east sue, NNhich in ^ me w as ^ ::;:^4 the heirs, -IV^lvt^maS^etvc^ll^nki^army. pioneer of the Dodge fami y, ^^a. a ma or "^^^ ^. -^ ^ by kdmund was twice married : his hrs ^^^.^JV^f^^^^AlpheS ; his second whom he had three children : (^\\^«'^,^;^"^',^^;^'if;^ as f:r dat Msi^ri!' mrt'!;;:t'oft^,,lX''^ei:r^^^^ ^ -e su. HISTORY OF BKADKOKI) COUNTY. 779 ceeded his father on the old homestead, and reared a family of seven children: George Elliott, Marietta U., John E., J\''ancv, Davis D., Alta S. and Lucy E., live of whom grew to maturity and are now living. John E., the subject of this sketch, has always devoted him- self to agi'icultui-al pursuits. On September 15, IStlO, at the aoe of twenty-two, he married Miss Mary, daughter of Chester and Eliza 8choonover, of Terrytown. He is living on the old homestead where his father, grandfather and great-grandfather resided before him, and is a general farmer, raising a mixed crop. He enjoys the full confidence of his fellow-citizens, who have elected him to the following offices commissioner (three years), treasurer, and justice of the peace, which position he now holds. He is a member of the F. & A. M. and of the I. O. O. F. ; politically he is a Re})ublican. BENJAMIN H. DOTY, farmer, P. O. Wellsburg, N. Y., is a son of Joseph and Mehitabel (Horton) Doty, of Dutch origin. The father, who was a farmer, removed to Bradford county in 1837, and, settling in the wilderness, he cleared the farm where Benjamin H. now resides, the famil}^ experiencing all the privations of the early pioneer's life. The parents reared a family of six children, three sons antl three daugh- ters, four of whom are now living; the parents were active and consis- tent members of the Wesleyan Methodist Church; the father died at the age of eighty-nine years, and the mother when aged sixty-two years. Benjamin H. Doty was reared on the farm, and followed agri- cultural pursuits successfully, till he is now the owner of 175 acres of fine land, including the old homestead, and carries on general farming. The ])roperty is located on a fine elevation in Ridgebury township. Mr. Doty was married April 10, 1856, to Mar-tha A.'Fassett, of South Creek, this county, a daughter of Philo and Permelia (Louk) Fassett ; her grandfather Fassett was one of the pioneers of the township of South Creek; her father, who is a farmer, is now aged eighty years, and her mother is aged eighty-one. Mr. and Mrs. Doty have had five children, four of whom are now living: Alice, wife of Edgar Berry, a farmer, in Springfield township; Kitsie, wife of Jose})h Craig, a farmer; Emma, wife of Charles E. YanBuskirk, an undertaker at Wellsburg, N. Y.; and Sumner N., married to Jenny Craig, of Ridgebury. Mr. Doty is a Republican in politics, has held several offices of public ti-ust, and is much respected in the community. L. H. DOUGLASS, merclumt, Hornbrook, was born inSheshequin township, this county. May 23, ISGO, a son of Elias and Catherine (Childs) Douglass, the former of whom was a carpenter. They had a family of four children, of whom our subject is the eldest, the others being : Lucinda, married to Robert Keller, of Athens; George (deceased) and Benjamin. L. H. Douglass grew to his majority in the vicinity of Hornbook, and attended the schools of that place until eighteen years of age, receiving a good common-school education, then learned the carpenter's trade with his father, and followed that until 1888, when he engaged in mercantile trade, opening a store at Hornbrook. He carries a fine line for a country trade, and does a yearly business of about $2,500. He married, September 30, 1885, Mary, the fifth child born to Lois and Julia (Webb) Brainard, who yet resides in Litchfield ; 780 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. she is the fifth child. Mr. and Mrs. Douglass have two children: Georgia L., aged three years, and Sarah E., aged ten months. Mr. Douglass' political views are Democratic, and he is recognized as a prominent and valued citizen. D. II. DUART, farmer, Canton township, P. O. Windfall, is a native of York, Canada West (now Toronto, Ontario), born April 11, 1819. His parents were John and Jane (Hicks) Duart, natives of County Down, Ireland, and Scotland respectively. John Duart immi- grated to New York City when a young man, was a stone mason by trade, and he helped build the main tunnel used by the New York City Water-works; he lost his health while engaged in working on that tunnel, and died in 1823, in his fortieth year. Mrs. Duart died at the age of seventy years. D. H. Duart, who is the fourth in order of birth in a family of seven sons and two daughters, was reared in Canada West, receiving a public-school education, and removed to Towanda about 1837, where he worked five years at the carpenter's trade; then came to Canton township, where he has since resided; he settled in the woods and cleared out his farm. He was mari'ied in Washington townshi]), Wyoming Co., Pa., in 1840, to Sarah, daughter of William and Elner (MN^ers) Place, the former of Vvhom was a farmer and died in his native home; her grandfather, James, Avas of English descent and died in Pike county, Pa. Mrs. Duart, who is the sixth in order of birth in a family of thirteen, was born in Hamilton township, Monroe Co., Pa., June 26, 1817. To Mr. and Mrs. Duart were born thirteen children, of whom two are now living: Mary Jane (wife of Hiram Thomas) and John W. (mariied to Effie Punyan). Mr. Duart IS a member of the F. & A. M., Tj-ojan Lodge, No. 300, also of the West Granville Grange ; ])oliticallv he is a ltepu!)lican. GEORGE W. DUBERT, farnier, P. O. Pig Pond, was born Octo- ber 29, 1855, in Springfield townshi]), this countv, a son of Antirew and Elizabeth (Fraley) Dubert, natives of Saxony, Germany, wlio came to this country when young- people, with their parents; they were agriculturists, and the father is still living. Grandfather P'raley is seventy -seven years of age. Grandfather Dubert was a soldier in the German army, and died in January, 1890, at the age of eighty- two years. Geoi'ge W. Dubert, who is the eldest in a famih' of four children, all now living, was reared on the farm and educated in the schools of the township ; he has been a carpenter and farmer. Tiie family are owners of a fine farm of 200 acres, dairying being the i)rincinal l)usiness. Mr. Dubert was mai'i-ied, October 12, 1887, to Estella W. P>urniuim, who was born August 10, 1804, a (hiughter of Orrin A. and Fannie J. (Itayner) Purnham, of Ridgebury, this county, who are stdl living in the county and are tillers of the soil ; her father was of English ancestry, tracing his lineage to the Wisners, who were among the Pilgrims of the " Mayfiower ; " her grandfather, Rayner, who had been in the War of 1812, and was a pensioner, died at the age of sevent}' years; and her grandmother died at the age of eighty- eight years. Mr. and Mis. Dubert have no children. They have a vei'V line home, the location being one of the best in the township, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 781 having a magnificent prosjiect. Mr. Dubert is a llepublican, and takes an active ])ai't in political affairs. WILLIAM E. DUMOKD, farmer, V. O. Alba, was born in Armenia townshij), this county. November 12, 1845, and is a son of Jacob Y. and Harriet (Kitf) Dumond, nativesof Delaware county, K.Y., who settled in Armenia in 1S39, and cleared and imj^roved the farm occupied by subject. Jacob Y. Dumond was a son of James Dumond, and his wife a daughter of James Kiff ; their children were : James, Jane (Mrs. Samuel Kendreick), William E., Imogene (Mrs. William Barber), John II., Hamilton T., Clarence, and Florence (Mrs. Albert Moggan). William E. Dumond was reared in Armenia, and was a member of Company C, Seventh Pennsylvania Cavalrv. during the War of the Rebellion, and after two years was honoi-ably dis- charged. Llis wife was Lelia, daughter of Asa and Mary (Harding) Pratt, and by her he has two children: Perry and Minnie. He is a member of the G. A. R., and in politics is a Republican. OLIVER G. DUNBAR, farmer. Springfield township, P. O. Big Pond, was born August 23. 18-12, in Troy township, a son of Alanson and Martha (Burk) Dunbar, natives of Springfield township. The father, a farmer, came from Connecticut in an early day, and settled at Troy with a large family; Mr. Dunbar's great grandfather was a Revolutionary soldier; the father lived to the age of fifty-four years and the mother to the age of sixty-seven years. Mr. Dunbar was the second in a family of eleven children, was reared on the farm and edu- cated in the schools of the township. When twenty-two 3'ears of age he enlisted in Compan}^ L, First New York Veteran Cavalry, under Gen. Sheridan, and did picket duty nine months; before this he was in the war as a teamster. He was married December 31, 186G, to Marv Jane, daughter of Alfred H. and Jane Strong, of Springfield, and who was born January 29, 1842, the youngest of the" family of four children; her two brothers, William IL antl Edwin C. Strong^, were in the Civil War. Mr. and Mrs. Dunbar have had only one child, who died in infancy. He is the owmer of a well-improved farm of forty acres, which is under a fine state of cultivation, and has been a suc- cessful business man, is a good neighbor and a kind friend ; he is a Re- publican in politics, and has held the offices of school director, com- missioner and auditor several years, and also other positions of public trust; is a member of the I. O. O. F., P. of II. and of the G. A. R. WILLIAM H. DUNHAM, a leading farmer of Windham town- ship, P. O. Windham, is a native of Bradford county. Pa., born April 5, 1834, a son of Llenry and Sybil (Wait) Dunham, of New York, and German extraction. The father was a mechanic, and one of the early settlers in Windham, having come in 1806, and lived until 1887; the mother died in 1890. They had ten children, of whom William H. is the fourth. He grew to his majority on the farm, and since he com- menced life on his own account has prospered. Receiving his share of his father's real estate, he has added thereto, until he now" owns ninety acres. In 18G1 he enlisted in Company H, Sixty-fourth New York Infantry, Second Army Corps, and was in the battles of Fair Oaks, Harrison's Landing and Antietam, when he was seized with typhoid 782 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. fever, iind sent to the liospital in Washington; was honorably dis- charged November 20, 1862, has been an invalid continuously since, and is now a pensioner. He is a member of Warwick Post, No. 529, G. A. R., and, politically, votes with the Republican party. He was married, in 1863, to Elizabeth Hand, who was born in Windham town- ship, this county, a daughter of Alexander and Mary (Manchester) Hand. Of this marriage have been born five children : Howard (in Tioga county), Henry, Harrold (deceased), Sybil M. and William. The family are much esteemed by a wide circle of friends. E. L. DUNKLEE, insurance agent, Wyalusing, was born in Steuben county, K. Y., October 4, 1843, and is a son of Ellis and Lucinda (Bixby) Dunklee, natives of Vermont, of English origin ; his father followed contracting and building many years, and then purchased a farm in Steuben county, N. Y., where he has resided forty-eight years; his father Avas born in 1813. and his mother in 1817 and died in 1887; they had a family of seven children, viz.: Eli, farmer of Coopers Tlains, N. Y.;Melvina, married to Benjamin Balcona, farmer of Curtis, N. Y.; James, of Rochester, N. Y., who served m Company E, One Hundred and Forty-first New York Infantry, was wounded at Resaca and dis- charged on account of disability from wound; E. L.; Emma, married to Lorain Carpenter, and 'died in 1883; Clara, married to G. M. Bixby, a banker of Wyalusing who died in 1880; and Calista, married to Adelbert Scott, a farmer of Campbell, N. Y. Subject was born and reared on a farm, and attended the common schools of his district until seventeen years of age. August 28, 1862, he enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and Forty-first New York Infantry, and after a hard service, interspersed with sickness, and spending about eleven months in hospital, and making the famous campaign with Sherman from Atlanta to the sea, and then through the Carolinas to Washington, received his discharge, and was mustered out with the com])any. He returned home and entered Madison University, of Hamilton, N. Y., but after a four years' course, his health failed him, and he was com- pelled to leave school ; then went to work on the farm where he remained one year; was then a traveling salesman about five 3'ears; in 1876 he came to Wyalusing and entered the bank with his brother-in- law, G. M. Bixby, remained until the hitter's death, since which time he has had charge of the Bixby estate, and been engaged in insurance business. He was united in marriage, September 25, 1872, with Grace I., daughter of Josiah and Sarah Ann (Richardson) Lewis, of N. Y. They have a family of five children : Helen, Emery J., Maynard D., Clara A. and Ellis. Mr. Dunklee is a member of Jackson Post, No. 74, G. A. R, Wyalusing, of which he is (|uarterniaster. His family are all meml)ers of the I>aj)tist Church in which he is an earnest worker; a Republican, and has been town clerk for th(^ past ten years; and held the a))pointtnent as watchman in the State Senate in 1887 and 1888. RARCLEY DUNN, farmer, P.O. Franklindale, was born in Sussex county, N. J., August 10, 1830, a son of William and Mary (Y^etter) Dunn, the former of whom was born in New York, and the latter in Sussex county, N. J. William Dunn always lived in Sussex county, where he died; he was the father of ten children — eight sons and two HISTORY OF HRAnPORD COUNTY. 783 daughters — all of whom grew to niaturitv. Our subject, who is the seventh in the family, was reared and educated in Sussex county, N. J., at the common schools ; lie boated twenty -seven years on the Dela- ware & Hudson Canal, and also the Erie Canal, at which he accumu- lated considerable money; the rest of his life was devoted to farming. After leaving New Jersey he located in Cai'bon county, Pa., where he lived four years, from which jilace he removed to Standing Stone, Bradford county, where he lived nineteen years; then remo\^ed to his ])resent location in Franklin township, where he has since resided, twenty years. He was married, July 27, 1851, to Miss Sophia, daughter of Daniel and Ann Rough, natives of Luzerne county. Pa., and this union resulted in the birth of five children — three soris and two daughters — all of whom grew to maturity, as follows : Emanda A., Elmer, Cyrus, Clara B. and Henry W. Mr. Dunn is in easy cir- cumstances, enjoying the confidence of his fellow townsmen, whom he served faithfully as commissioner six years; he is a general farmer, devoting himself to all branches of agriculture ; he belongs to the Patrons of Industry, and politicallv is a Democrat. AUGUSTUS DURUZ, farm«r,>. O. Gillett, was born near Paris, P'rance, April IS, 1844, a son of J. P. and Mary Ann (Gordeaux) Duruz, natives of France. J. P. Duruz was a merchant, also an offi- cer in the French army. The family came to this country, November 2, 1854, and first located on Long Island, remaining one year; then came to Sheshequin township, this county, where they were two years; from there removed to Towanda and purchased the Dan Bartlett place, wdiere he died in 1876, in his sixty-ninth year; his widow still survives him, aged now seventy -nine years, and is living in Towanda. Ti^.eir family consisted of eight children — five daughters and three sons — • all of whom grew to maturity, and six are living at the present time. The subject of these lines, who is the sixth in the family, was reared and partially educated in France, and in early life learned the carpen- ter's trade, at which he worked a number of" years. On July 4, 1867, he married, at Towanda, Emily, daughter of Henry and Emeline Jones; and there were born to them five children : Louise (married to Henry Sweeney, a farmer), Augusta, Charles, Eugene and Ella. Mr. Duruz moved to South Creek township in 1879, and ])urchased of John Livins what is known as the " Brown place," on which he is now living; he built a new house, and made many necessary improvements; is a hard-working, industrious man. He rents two farms which he oversees, besides his own which contains seventy-five acres; is a gen- eral farmer, raising grain, hay and stock; owns several blooded Jersevs, and has one very fine colt, registered ; there is an abundance of choice fruit on his place, all his own planting. DR. CHARLES S. DWYER, physician, Springfield, was born October 9, 1857, in Smithfield, this county, a son of Rev. W. H. II. and Mary J. (Greenleaf) Dwyer, the former of whom, born in Rutland, Yt., w^as a Baptist preacher, and organized the church at Canton, of which he was pastor some years, as well as at Troy, Alba, Wells, Columbia, Smitlifield Centre and LeRoy ; lie died at the age of sixty-seven years. The mother w^as born in Alba, and is still living, at the age of sixty- 784 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. three years ; tlie paternal great-grand father, was born in France, and was educated for a Roman Catholic priest; his name was Devereaux, but on emigrating to this country changed it to Dwyer; he practiced law many years at Worcester, Mass.; his son, our subject's grandfather, was also a lawyer, and was at one time judge of Essex county, N. Y., and later in life, as a Baptist clergyman, was pastor of the church at Alba and at other places in the countw Dr. Dwyer. who is the seventh in a family of ten children, was educated at Smithfield, and studied medi- cine, attending lectures at the Bennett Eclectic Medical College, Chicago, 111,; was graduated in the spring of 1888, commenced his profession at Springfield in the fall of that year, and now enjoys an extensive and lucrative practice. He had three brothers in the Civil AVai', Malcom being acting assistant adjutant general at the close of the struggle. The Doctor was married, August 26, 1883, to Edna W. Teeter, of Springfield, daughter of AVilliam and Margaret (Watson) Teeter,and born February 27,1863 ; they have two children: A daughter, IVIargaret J., born March 12, 1886, and a son, Esmuld D., born August 21, 1891. Dr. Dwyer is a Republican, a member of tlie Baptist Church, and enjoys the confidence of a wide circle of friends ; his wife is a member of the Disciple Church. FRANK EDWARD EASTABROOK, manufacturer of lumber, lath and shingles, Stevensville, was born in Potterville, this county, January 12, 1861, a son of Edward Jesse and Emeline (Potter) Easta- brook, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and a tailor and shoemaker by trade. In his family there were six children, of whom our subject is the fifth. Frank E. Eastabrook was educated in the common school, and at Warner's Commercial College, Elmira, N. Y.; he began life for himself at twenty, and took up lumbering as his occupation, which he has followed since. In 1883 he engaged in business with Elmer F. Stevens, and they do a very largo business. ]\[r. Eastabrook was married January 19, 1885, to Ella, daughter of Jonathan and Sarah (Rockwell) Stevens, and they have two children : Mildred C, born April 19, 1887, and Victor S., born July 31, 1890. Mr. Eastabrook is a member of the Presbyterian Church, of which he is Sunday-school superintendent ; he is a Republican, and at present holds the office of tax collector. A. J. EASTABROOKS, retired, Towanda, was born m Wysox township, this county, January 3, 1823, and is a son of William and Wealthy (Shurtliff) Eastal)rooks, whose nativity was Connecticut, both boi'n of remote English ancestry, of tlie class of yeomen who were among the ]iioneers of Bradford county, and located in Wysox town- ship, where the father died in 1826. lie reared a family of six chil- dren, of whom the subject of this sketch is the youngest, in the order of birth, of four sons and two daughters. The lad was favoral)ly sur- rounded for that day, and grew to manhood on a farm with his older brother, and, following in the line of his ancestors, became a farmer. He was soon widely known as a man of probity and rare intelligence. He (piittcd his fai-m in ISHO, and removed to Towanda, whore he en- gaged actively in business. WIhmi the war cloud burst upon the land, he was quick to respond to his country's call, and enrolled his name in HISTORY OF M RADFORD COUNTY. 785 Company I, Sixth Pennsylvania Reserves ; was assigned as a member of tlie regimental band, and was wounded and lost his arm at the sec- ond battle of Bull Run, August 21), 1862; his arm was amputated, and when he was sufficiently recovered he returned to his home. President Grant appointed him to a clerkship in AVashington, and he was there in that employ thirteen years, with a salary, a portion of the time, of $1,400 a year. He then returned to his Towanda home, and took his old place among the good people of the town as one of the much- respected leading men of the county, interested in all public affairs, lie has built his share of houses in Towanda, and contributed well toward the generalimprovement of the county's capital, and is now quietly enjoying the repose of life in his elegant mansion. He was married, July 1, 1844, to Miss Mary, daughter of Russell Pratt, and a sister of Dr. D. S. Pratt; she died in 1889. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he is a prominent official, as well as class leader. C. J. EASTABROOKS, farmer and stock grower, P. O. South Hill, was born in Towanda township, this county, November IS. 1838, and is a son of Judson and Eliza (Robinson) Eastabrooks, of Orwell Hill. The father, who was born in Hartford, Conn., July 31, 1812, was a farmer and carpenter; he had a family of six children, viz : Charles J., Elvira (married to Leonard Ross, and died), Mary (married to J. M. Davies, of Owego), Alice (married to Sands Dunham), Emma (living at home) and Edwin (died aged seven years). The subject of this sketch received his education in the common schools of the county, at the Academy of Camptown,and Towanda Collegiate Institute. He taught school until August 8, 1862, wiien he enlisted in Company D, One Hun- dred and Forty-first Regiment, P. V. I., of which he was made sergeant, and December 31,1862, he was promoted to commissary-sergeant, which position he filled until mustered out. He declined a second-lieutenant's commission. He served with his regiment until the close of the war, and was absent on but two short furloughs; his duties w^ere hard and dangerous, as he would have to issue rations at night generally, and would thus be exposetl to the dangers and difficulties incident to dark- ness; he served faithfully through the term of his enlistment, and was honorably discharged, at Harrisburg, and mustered out w^ith his regiment. After returning home lie ])urchased the farm now owned by Yernon Tyrrell, and continued there until 1872, when he sold and went to Rome, where he embarked in mercantile business with L. R. Browning, and was thereuntil 1875, when he again sold and purchased his present farm of 170 acres of fine land, in Orwell township, all under a high state of cultivation, which he has greatly improved, and has it well stocked with Jersey and Holstein cattle, sheep and horses; he has a match team of iron-gray draft horses that have taken first premium at fairs wiiei-ever exhibited. On September 26, 1865, he was united in wedlock with Ilermine C, daughter of George W. and Emmaline (Terrel) Prince, who had a family of three children, viz. : George M., Ilermine C. and Charles V. To Mr. and Mrs. Eastabrooks have been born three children: One died in infancy; Charles F. (deceased), and Charley B., born December 9, 1873. The family are 786 JIISTOKY OF BRADFOKI) COUNTY. members of the MetJiodist Episcopal Cliurch, in wliicli Mr. Easta- brooks holds the position of trustee; he is a Freemason, and has taken the third degree; also a member of Stevens Post, No. 69, G. A. R., and is on the financial committee. A stanch Republican, he takes an active interest in the politics of his section, and has held various town- ship offices, being now an auditor of Orwell. Mr. Eastabrooks has had his own way to make in the world, and has been eminently successful. He was among the first to ofi'er his services to his country, and in that service lost his health. He and his excellent lad}'^ have a very large circle of friends in Orwell and adjoining townships, and enjoy the esteem and respect of all who know them. MARCUS EASTABROOKS (deceased) was born in Windham county. Conn., January 27, 1703, a son of Peleg and Rebecca (Salls- bery) Eastabrooks. He was married July 29, 1826, to Alathen Gray, of Connecticut, who was born July 30, 1800, and was a danghter of Jonas and Mary Gray, farmers. Marcus Eastabrooks came to Brad- ford county in 1820, and settled on the land now owned by Solomon Chaff'ee ; remained here two years, and then returned to Connecticut to bring the remaining members of the family — his father, mother and sisters. Sallie and Diana. His familv consisted of the following child- ren : l^evi, William, Jessie (drowned while quite small), Jessie, Marcus, Sylvester (died in infancy), Sallie, Diana (married to Eleazer Allis, Jr.), William and Reuben. Marcus was married in Susquehanna county, and on coming to this county he found a log cabin already erected on his land, in which he settled and began the life of a pioneer; his first cabin had neither door, window, nor chimney, nor was it even chinked; they would hang blankets for doors, and his wife would do her cook- ing out in tlie yard. He had no time to finish the house, but had to cut down the trees and ])lant among the roots; all the cultivatiim the crops received was the weeds being pulled when the\' became too rank. That fall he finished his home, harvested his little crop and the battle with the wilderness was fairly begun : his wife, besiiles attending to her young children and other household duties, would spin and weave all the linen and woolen cloth needed to clothe the family. The farm he cleared contained ninety-five acres, and he cho])ped and grubbcni tiie entire place, and fitted it for cultivation ; he built a small frame house in 1855, which still stands, and had a small sugar bush. Mr. Easta- brooks died, April 2, 1874, at the ripe old age of eighty-one, his wife having passed away July 7, 1877, aged seventy-seven. He was an Old- school Ba|)tist, but never l)ecame connected with any church ; in poli- tics he was first an Old-line Whig, and then a Republican. Mi-. Easta- brooks was one of the best-known ])i<)neers of this county, noted far and near for his integrity and hospitality, sobriety and industrv. No man ever went from his house hungry, or was refused the hospitable shelter of his roof; this trait of character lias been inherited by his daughters, who are noted far and near for their hosj)itality. To him and his devoted wife were born three daughters as follows: Nancy, l)orn July 17. 1828, who assisted her father in his farm labors, chop))ing, piling brush and rolling logs as well as IxxMiig and harvesting <;rain (she married, December 7, 1S58, Chauncy Tingley, who died April 11, 1859, HISTORY OF BIIADI'OIID COUNTY. 787 iind liis stricken widow bowed to the sore ailliction); Hannah, the sec- ond daughter, was born March 9, 1830, and Lucy, the youngest was born December 4, 1836. W. R. Pickering, an atlopted brother, is where these daughters make their home. This is one of the highly respected families of Bradford county. JAMES H. EASTGATE, superintendent of the tannery at Grover, was born in Ulster county, N. Y., October 6, 1S48, and is a son of Her- man Neal and Ellen (Mason) Eastgate, the former of whom at present resides in Scranton; the mother died October 8, 1848. Our subject is their only child, and was reared in Ulster county, receiving a public- school and academic education ; he learned the tanner's trade in Ulster county, N. Y., with Adam Innes. In 1865 he removed to Granville township, where he remained until July, 1871, when he came to Grover, in whicli place he has since resided, with the exception of from May 21, 1884, until November 7, 1889, when he was in the Granville tan- neries. In September, 1889, he purchased the gristmill from Kobert Innes, which was just commenced, and he completed it. He was mar- ried in Granville, October 19, 1870, to Mary C, daughter of Adam and Helen (INFcNeil) Innes; she is third in order of birth in a family of eight children, and was born in Ulster county, N. Y., May 15, 1850. To Mr. and Mrs. Eastgate have been born three daughters: Sarah L., Helen R. and lantha E. Mr. Eastgate is a member of the F. & A. M., Troy Lodge, No. 306, Troy Chapter, No. 261, Canton Commanderv, No. 64. and of the I. O. O.^F., Lodge No. 687, Granville Centre, and has passed all the chairs of the Order. Politically he is a Republican. CALVm J. EASTMAN, blacksmith, Orwell, was born October 22, 1838, in Guilford, N. Y., a son of George W.. and Lydia (Mann) Eastman; his father was a wagon-maker and carpenter and joiner, and came to Bradford county in 1840, and located in Rome township; then removed to a farm in Orwell, owned by his son, J. I. Eastman, and died there June 12, 1875; the mother isVith her son. In his father's family were the following children; Willis (deceased); J. L, married to Theodora Lewis, and Calvin, who spent his early life in Rome, attended school there, learned his trade of blacksmith "and worked at it eight years; then came to Orwell, in the fall of 1863, and worked twelve years ; then bought his present shop and has occupied it since. He married Mary, daughter of C. S. Smith, and to them have been born the following children, two of whom were born in New York: Eliza- beth (married to Marion Dunn); Charles W. (married to Flora Brown); Kate S. and Lewis E. The family are Presbyterians, and Mr. Eastman is trustee and chorister, assisted in the latter capacity by his wife; both are line musicians, as are their daughters. Kate taught school in this county several years; the children were all educated on Orwell Hill. Mr. Eastman is a member of the K. of H.; is a Republican and has held the offices of township treasurer and school ilirector. He and his family are much esteemed by a wide circle of acquaintances and friends. JOHN L EASTMAN, farmer and stock grower, P. O. Orwell, w^as born in Rome township, this county, October 23, 1845, and is a son of George W. and Lydia Y. (Mann) Eastman, the former of whom 788 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, was boni in Ashfonl, Conn., Februurv 2, 1808, a son of Justice and Sallie (Farnhaui) Eastman, natives of that place, born in 1777 and 1778, respectively, and who had the following children : Otis (born July 9, 1801, died in infancy), George W., Lucius (born April ;W, 1805, died June 22, 1870), Asa F. (born April 21, 1808, died in August, 1888), Lanson (born August 7, 1810, deceased), Hannah S. (born May 17, 1813, married to Albert Ilicks), Sallie (born March 3, 1817, married to James Ilalbert, whom she survives), Mary Elizabeth (born July 3, 1810, married to Xatlian Dickenson). The father was a carpenter and joiner, and also worked at wagon-making and shoemaking. He was married January 7, 1828, in Otsego county, N. Y., where he lived until 18-11, when he removed to Rome, wdiere he worked at carpenter- ing and wagon-making, and built the Methodist and Baptist churches ; also many residences; he lived there twenty-two years, and then removed to Orwell township, to the farm the son now occupies ; he was an extensive contractor in his day, and in 1837 was overseer of the carpenters and builders on the State Capitol at Madison, Wis. He died June 3, 1875; his widow^ survives. To them were born the following named children : Willis (born December 28, 1829, deceased), Lucv Jane (born September 28, 1833, died August 25, 1837) ; Calvin J., John I., and Sarah J. (born September 26, 1847, married to Theodore Lewis). John I. Eastman spent the greater portion of his life on a farm in Oi'w^ell township, and w^as educated in the common schools. He has followed farming with good success, down to the present time, and has lived on the old homestead. He was united in wedlock December 19, 1867, with Lucy A. Brown, and to them has been born a family of six children, viz.: Willis H. (born June 6, 1869), James E. (born Xovember 25, 1870), Lillie M. (born September 24, 1872), Flora B. (born December 15, 1875), George U. (born October 27, 1877), and Josie Irene (born November 6, 1886). The parents of our subject were both members of the Presbyterian Church, in Avhich the father was for many years an elder. In his political views the father was lirst a Democrat, and then a Republican, and he had held the various tow^n offices. John I. Eastman is a Republican, and has also held the various township offices. Mr. and Mrs. Eastman have a pleasant home, the old Eastman homestead, and has his farm well im])roved and stocked. lie is suri'ounded with a large circle of fi'iends. AVILLIAM II. EATON, locomotive engineer, L. V. R. R., P. O. Sayre, is a native of Tcnvanda, this county, and was born April 2, 1850, a son of Gurden II. and Lucinda (Hoicomb) Eaton, the fornier a native of New York, and the latter of Ulster, this county. Tlie father, who was a cabinet-maker, and served a number of years as justice of the peace and constable in Towanda, died there in the spring of 1878, in his sixty-fourth year; the motherdied in 1856. in her thirty -ninth year. William II., who is the youngest in a family of five children, was reared in Towanda, and completed his education, attending the collegiate institute at that ])lace three tei-ms. He began work in the station l)a;!-":nanks, cod fishing. He was always looked to in time of danger by the captain and crew as the safest man at the wheel, and on two occasions, during storms, he had to be lashed to the wheel for security. After his return from the sea he went to Boonton, N. J., where^he learned the machinist's and nader's trade, under Fuller, Lord & Co. and while with them he built the first nail self-feeder ever made. He has since that time followed nail mak- ing; has been emploved much of his time during twelve years at the Towanda Nail Works: has worked at the trade in the following States : Massachusetts, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virgmia, Indiana. Illinois, Alabama, Tennessee and Virginia. It is his mtention to abandon the nailing business in the spring of 1892, and devote his. time to inventing. He is the inventor of the " Edson Automatic Nail Feeder," now extensively used in the principal nail factories of the country. Mr. Edson was married, in is7;>, to Anna K., daughter of Gen. John Sheets, of Pottstown, Pa., and bv her has four children : Iliildaii M., Oscar N., Eunice B., and John M. Mr. Edson was connected with the National Guard of Pennsvlvania for five years, and repre. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 791 sented the State in 1870-80-81 in the Interstate Military Matcii at Creedmoor. He was captain of the Soutli Chicago lUinois Kifle Ckib, three years, and of the Towanda, Pa., Rifle Club until he went West, and was always considered one of the best rifle shots in the State. He is a member of the F. elhi, IN . 1 ., Aucnist 11, 1826, and is a son of Abiezer and Hannah (Wilbur) Field, natives of Taunton, Mass., who settled in Armenia town^hM>' this Jountv. in 1836, and cleared and unproved the arm no v ow nu bv David P.-irman and Harry Covert, where the tatluM- resided unt I his death. He was a nephew of Gen. Benjamin Lincoln, of Keyo u- tionarv fame, and his wife, Hannah (Wilber), ^^f/-^ S''''" "p'u.n , '' same -eneral. and a .lirect descen.lant of the - Mayflower P Ignms. Abiez'er Field had eleven children, nine of whom grew to maturity, as HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 803 follows: A biezer, Jr. Clinstoi)her, Loretto (Mrs. Nati.an Traman), Calista (Mrs. James Lyon), Piiineas, Oritha (Mrs. llarrv Covert Adeline (Mrs. John lounians), Oliver D. and Georc^e. Oliver D l^ield u-as reared in Armenia township from ten years of acre. Since attaining his majority he has always been a tax payer in the township, thouo-h for ten years he was a resident of the State of New York lie was m the Civil War, having enlisted April 27, 1862, in C<)mi)anv C, Seventh Pennsylvania Cavalry, and served three vears, wlien he was honorably discharged as sergeant of the comi)any. " Mr. Field has been tw.ce marrie^l, first time to Agnes F., daughte/of Timothy and Nancy (Wilson) Randall, of Armenia township, and by her he had seven children: Emma J. (Mrs. S. L. Sherman), Agnes (Mrs. George \anness. Mary (Mrs. Frank Harding), Hannah (m"s. Abner D. Pan- da 1), AdelmeBiirdette and Wilson. His second marriage was with Mi.. Volucia (Randall) Rogers, sister of his first wife. Mr. Field has been an ordained minister of the Wesleyan Methodist Church, thirty ^JT' If f ?'l ^'^'' '' I'^epublican, has served one term as auditor Tof T'rW)"rr ^'\' ^^^" postmaster of Covert since Mav, 1891. P n w 1. '^u-^^'"'^^'-'"' township, farmer and stock-grower, I . O. A\ mdham. This is one of the leading farmers in Windham town- and Lucia (Johnson) Finch, natives of New York and Connecticut, re- spectively. James, whose parents were CeJey and Roxanna(Mead)Finch, wasa larmerand mill ou^ner, whocame to Bradford in 1835 and located in Windham township, and was soon known as a leading, enterprising citizen, and by his industry and thrift became the owner ?f 400 acres ot nigh y improved land, on which he was residing at the time of his death w liich occurred in the year 1876. His good \vife, the mother of his children, was tenderly laid by his side in the year 1883; she was adauoh- te of Parley and Luca (AVebster) Johnson. To them were born seven dipl!n"n?'''' 7^'°"''"''';''^^-, They were as follows: Adelia, who (lied n inlancy; Lucia, a school teacher, died in her sixteenth year, in Windham; Harriet, who u^s also a teacher, married Mr. Vaness of tZ ? I ' ' T '"''J''-'^^'' .^^'^^'' ^^^^« ^« practicing la^v in Humboldt, Wnd'hfn. ' t ^^^™T.^^^, Windham, and George: also a farmer, in Windham and a practical surveyor for manv velirs. The subject of f ^\n'f f^'';^'''"''?'!?^^'^"^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^'"ilV h(miestead, receiving oomn Pn'^'TrF '^ f^^'' ^'^^^^'^'^ education in the district schools, and donw T ^^'?;'''" ^'^^^'"^ '^^ ^ ^'^'™e^ '^"^l raiser of imoroved .d nnt. «?""!'• 1^^^ r^"^'^^^' ™«^^ t'^^^" the average 'school r\^J^JfS^^^y^^^^^^ of Reelsville and Owego, and hi'^nn,l^rf ''"'''''^'"fr^l^'"'^^ ^fter the d?ath of e t.?^ t? 1 '"^ ^'"rt^fr^ ^'^^ '^^^^'^'^ ^^ ^^'^ ^'^'^^ I^ei'-s in the real ?ht ^o'nfr o f -f ^'* thereto, and in every respect greatly improved nwnt f' w/^ '' ''''''^ ''"^ ^^ ^'^^ '"^^t ^^^^"'^^^'^ homesteads in the «mW ? "" y'^'^'Sm^n he taught school several winter terms, reo /MH^f^'"'^ ^w, '^'^"^ ^'T' '^"^^ '-afterward ent(>red a law office and nf.nl fJ""''w^^''^^^'*^"^^^' '^"^^ was admitted to practice. He P.rW .'' n"" y?^ T^ '"-'^-' '" ^^''' practiceof law with his brother iarley, who had also been admitted, but the parents pleaded for at least 804 HISTORY OF BRADFOKD COUNTY. one of tlio two to remain at the okl home ami this lot fell to Ira, wliich permanently fixed him on the old homestead, while his brother went to Humboldt, Iowa, and engaged in tiie law practice, and has met Avith brilliant and very flattering success. Mr. Ira Finch is a Mason who has passed the chairs of the Lodge, and has been repre- sentative to tiie Grand Lodge, New York, on two occasions, ISS-i and 1S85. His home Lodge is at Nichols, N. Y. He is a member of the Democratic party, a gentleman of much culture and well read in the best literature of his time ; was at one time the Democratic nominee for prothonotary of the countv, and was only defeated bv the large party majority arrayed against him. Yet he has never been a politician, and votes as he believes to be the best interests for himself and his fellow citizens. Lie has filled the oliices of election commissioner, member of the Board of Elections, and is a justice of the peace. But his especial pride is his farm and its splendid herds of Jerseys, Aldernevs and Shorthorns, also Southdown sheep, and thoroughbred horses, both roadsters and draught horses. The family rank among the very first in the county, have a wide circle of acquaintances and hosts of friends. E. G. FITCFI & CO., furniture manufacturers, Athens. E. G. Fitch is a native of Delaware county, N. Y., and was born April 2S, 1843, a son of Cyrus and Evaline (Eells) Fitch, natives of New Canaan, Conn., who removed to New York when quite young. Cvrus Fitch was a farmer, and died in Athens in January, 1886 ; Evaline Fitch died in Delaware county. N. Y., in 1852. E. G. Fitch is the voungest in a family of nine children. In 1870 he engaged in the hardware business of Fitch & Kinney, present firm. In 1885 he erected buildings and began the manufacture of furniture. He was married in Delaware county, N. Y., December 27, 186G, to Miss Emma J., daughterof John P. and Polly (Wakeman) St. John, natives of Delaware county, X. Y. Mrs. Fitch is the elder of two children. To this union have been born three daughters, viz.: Florence E., Cora S. and Eunice C. They are members of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Fitch enlisted in the army, August 12, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Forty-fourth, N. Y. y. L, and served until the close of the war. He is a member of the G. A. 11., Perkins Post, No. 202, and is a Ilepublican. He is one of the ])rominent leading and public-spirited citizens of Athens. An account of his factorv will be found on page 425. CORNELIUS FITZGERALD, farmer, of Terry township. P. O. Marsh View, was born in County Limerick, Ireland, ^larch 4, 1804, and is a son of John Fitzgerald, a faruuir, who by reason of higii rent and landloi'd oppression was forced to send some of his family to the •'land of the free anil the home of the brave;" he reared a family of thirteen cliildren, seven of whom grew to maturity. Cornelius Ixiing the eldest came with some of the younger members of the family to this country, landing at Castle Garden, New York, in 1835. Mr. Fitzgerald worked on public works several 3'ears, each year adding to what he had saved tlu; previous year. In 1837 lie mairied Miss Margaret llenchey. a native of Limerick, with whom he had been acquainted in their native; country; by this mariiagt; there wei'e born to them eight children, five of whom grew to maturity, but two only HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 805 survive, Thomas and Mary. Thomas married Miss Mary lUirke, by whom he had six ciiiklren: John, Nellie, Magg'ie, Cornelius, ]\Iartin and Mary ; Mary was married to James Burke, a Ijrother of Thomas' wife, and they have five children: John, Cornelius, Maggie, Nellie and James. In 1840 Mr. Fitzgerald removed to Terry township, where he purchased 100 acrQS of land on which he built a house ; in those da3's there was game in abundance ; their nearest point to mill was French- town or Monroeton, five or eight miles distant, respectively. He labored hard to improve his farm, and succeeded, for in twenty years after his settlement on his first 100 acres he bought 200 acres more, all of which he now owns. He is a farmer on a large scale; his son Thomas is the head farmer and takes the chief management of affairs ; he lives with his father. The princijial business is stock raising and dairying, as well as mixed farming. Both he and his son are Demo- crats, and members of the Catholic Church. DANIEL FLEISHER, principal of the public schools, Troy, was born near Newport, Perry Co, Pa., September 22, 1852, a son of Jacob and Mary (Clouser) Fleisher. His paternal grandfather was George, son of John Fleisher, of German descent, and all were farmers of Perry county, Pa. Our subject was reared in his native county, edu- cated in the public schools, Bloomfield Academy antl Lafayette and Pennsylvania colleges, and was graduated from the latter, at Gettys- burg, in 1880, and also graduated in a special course in 1888, receiving Ph. D. degree by examination in same college. In 1880 he organized a select school in Newport, Pa., known as Newport Academy, which he taught four years, and in 1884 was elected principal of the Troy graded school, which position he has since held with credit to himself and the school. His career as a teacher began when he was eighteen years of age, when he taught two years in the public schools of Phmiouth, Pa., one year as principal of the public school of Liverpool, and u^as assistant in the Bloomfield Academy one and one-half years. Prof. Fleisher married. May 10, 1881, Mrs. Anna (Power) Fleisher, of Landisburg, Pa., a daughter of William Power. He is a member of the Lutheran Church ; is a Poyal Arch Mason, and politically he is a Bejmblican. DAVID T. FLEMING, farmer, P. O. Ilerrick, was born in County Donegal, Ireland, in 1837. His father, John Fleming, who was born in the same place, married Mary Taylor, and they had six children, viz.: Mary, first wife of P. Warnock ; Margaret, wife of S. Best; David T.; Isabel, second wife of P. Warnock; Fannie, wife of C. Kyle, and John, a machinist in Washington, D. C. The father came to this country in 1848, and worked on a farm one year, when he died from the effects of a sun stroke; his widow survived him eleven years, dying in 1865. David T. Fleming was educated in Ireland, and came to this country in his twentieth year. He worked one year with Daniel Durand, then went to Wilmot township, and worked three years, then, in 1802, he purchased from George C. At wood 105 acres of land, of which, in 1865. he sold fifty acres to J. H. Hurst, and same year he juirchased from Stewail Hari-is sixty-six acres adjoining his other |)roperty. He erected his present house in 46 80t> HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1879-80, and 1886, and erected his barn in 1883. He lias always been a successfid man; was a member of Ilerrick Grange, is a member of the Presbx'terian Church, and in politics is Independent. He married in 1868, Margaret Jane Taylor, eldest in the family of nine children of William and Mary (McDougal) Taylor ; and they have had four children: Mary, who died in her fourteenth year; Fannie Elizabeth, a school teacher, Anabel and William (latter deceased). This is one of the highly respected families of Bradford county. B.'^FPwANK FLETCHER, farmer, of East SmithHeld township, P. O. Hoblet, was born January 20, 1847, a son of Stephen F. and Rhoda (Scouten) Fletcher, natives of this county. His grandfather was one of the pioneers of Smithfield. Our subject, who is one of a familv of eight children — six bovs and two cfirls — was reared on the farm and educated in the schools of the township. He was married September 21, 1876, to Juliaett Ramsey, of Tioga county, Pa., born August 8, 18-17, and there have been born to them three children, as follows: Velma M., born April 23, 1881; E. Pearl, born August 4, 1882, and Maud, born June 11, 1884. Mr. Fletcher has accumulated a nice property by industry and economy, and is now the ovsmer of a line farm of eighty acres under a good state of cultivation ; his prin- cipal interests are dairying and stock raising. He is a Republican in politics, and takes an active interest in the affairs of the town and county. Mrs. Flether had three brothers in the Civil War: Sobrine K., Horace K. and Artemus, all of whom saw a good deal of hard service. JOHN P. FLETCHER. i)ostmaster, Troy, wns born in Smithfield township, this county. June 9, 1843,, a son of Stephen F. and Rhoda (Scouten) Fletcher. His paternal grandfather, Jabez Fletcher, whose parents came to this country from England, was born in East Haddam, Mass., in 1783, and in 1811 moved to East Smithfield, this county, where he cleared and improved a farm, and resided until his death, which occurred in April, 1847, when he was aged sixty-four years ; his wife was Naomi Pettiboiie, by whom he ha:l eight children : David, Jacob, Stephen, John, James, Sylvia (Mrs. Uriah Williams), Almira (Mrs. Abram Kniffin) and Charlotte (Mrs. A brain Estman). The father of the subject of these lines was born in Smithfield townshi}) in 1816, and still resides there, where he cleared and improved a farm ; his wife was a daughter of Abram Scouten. of Delaware, and by her he had ten children : John P., Scouten, B. Franklin, Jabez Ct., Alfred E., David C, Charles, Viola (Mrs. Madison Sargeant), Elizabeth (Mrs. S. Ross) and Ella. Oui- subject was reared in Smithfield township, receiving a common-school education, and in 1866 he eiiibarkuzerne Rangers." an independent division. Having the ty[)hoid iever while in the army he was in no engagements, and was discharged at the expiration of his time, August 27, 1863. From 1864 to 1867 he worked at his trade in Monroe, and soon after re-engaged with R. S. Barnes, with whom he remained ten years; then was in Dayton's mills, Towanda, two and one-half years. He ])urchased his present ])lace of business in 1883, and hasoneof the linest waf(M'-powers in Bradford county, the Hun- garian process of grinding !)eing used, to which he will add the roller |)rocess, ])resent season. Besides his manufacturing interests he has a large wholesale and retail trade in flour, feed, grain, etc. Mr. Forbes HISTORY OF BRADFOKD COUNTY. 809 was married December 24, 1804, to Mervil, (laughter of John and Jerusha (Miles) Cannan, natives of Pennsylvania, and two ciiildren have been born to them: Fred W., born February 4. 1868, died March 15, 1888, and Stella, born November 18, 1875. Mr. Forbes is a mem- ber of the F. & A. M. and of the G. A. II. Post at Pome; in politics he is a Pepublican. FREDERICK FOSTER, farmer, of Towanda township, P. O. North Towanda, was born in North Towanda township, this countv, April 2, 1846, and is a son of William II. and Miltilda (AUoway) Fos- ter. His great-grantlfalher, Isaac Foster, with two sons, Abial and Rufus, came to what is now North Towanda in 1784, taking up 100 acres of kind. Isaac cleared a part of it, but being a mechanic gave more attention to manufacturino- spinnino- wheels than to tillino- the soil. Abial and Rufus also took up 100 acres of land each, but added afterward to the original grant. Abial, the paternal grandfather of Frederick Foster, settled on the farm now owned by Frederick and £. H. Ilorton. He was a stirring business man ; besides attending to his farming he erected a sawmill on the site of "Myers' Mills," and later the fii'st gristmill on Sugar creek, and was also interested in mills near the Pail Factory, lie did an extensive business in lumber- ing, milling and farming in his younger days, but in his later life gave his entire attention to farming. His wife was Mary Means, by whom he had children as follows: Betsey (Mrs. Major Gerould); Samuel B.; Sarah B.; Nancy (Mrs. Judson Gerould); Electa (Mrs. Wheelock Bingham) ; Polly (Mrs. Elijah H. Ilorton) ; Alenda (Mrs. Owen Campbell); William H. and Jane (Mrs. George Upright). Of these William II., the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in North Towanda, where he spent his life in farming; he died suddenly in 1879, at the age of sixty -four years ; his children were as follows: Celinda (Mrs. James Foster), Frederick; Helen (Mrs. David Lindley); Jeanette (Mrs. Charles Cash); Irene (Mrs. Charles Havens). Frederick was reared in his native township, received a common-school educa- tion, and has always followed farming. He was married, January 18, 1871, Vo Emma, daughter of David and Sally (Rundell) Newell, of Sheshequin township, by whom he had six children: Harry (deceased), Lula, Hattie, James (deceased), Eva and Nettie C. Mr. Foster is a member of the Presbvterian Church, and in politics is a Republican. GEORGE II. FOX, farmer, P. O. Towanda, was born in Towanda, this county, March 2, 1840, and is a lineal descendant of the notable first settler in Bradford countv, Rudolph Fox, who was of the Palatines, and came down from their settlement in New York, in company with one, Peter Shuefelt. Mr. Fox settled at the mouth of Towanda creek, and Shuefelt followed on down the river. The experiences of Rudolph Fox and his family in their struggles for life in the wilderness — braving disease, the wild woods, the wild beasts, the men and the invading armies in their pitiless marauds along this beautiful valley — is one of the unwritten stories, in its simple recital, that exceeds fiction. This pioneer, Rudolph Fox, was the great-grandfather of George H., whose parents were John M. and Elvira A. Fox; the latter, the daughter of Samuel and Lucretia (Wooster) Beard, of Connecticut. John M, Fox 810 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. was born on the old family homestead farm, now owned and possessed by his son George, the only surviving son of the family; his brother Charles was born October 16, 1837, and died at the age of eigiiteen. This noted old homestead was once known as a part of "Fox Chase;" it comprises 200 acres and is one of the valuable farms in the county, and its present proprietor, George II. Fox, is not only the largest raiser of tobacco, but is r. ally the father of that important industry in the valley. Pie is a Republican, and has the entire respect of all Bradford county people as a leading, representative and public spirited citizen. JOHN A. FoX, of Towanda townsliip, P. O. Kienzi, is a descendant of the first permanent white settler in what is now Bradford county. There is much said in the general history of the first settlers in this volume, and to this the reader is referred^ as there is no family name in the county that is in itself more replete witli tlie story of the trials and sufferings, as well as the endurance and heroism, of the advance pioneers, than that of the Fox family. They were of the Palatines, who came to New York, from there to the upper Delaware river, fol- lowed the streams and, crossing the portages, finally looked upon this beautiful land of the Susquehanna. John A. Fox is a son of William and FUen (Barnwell) Fox, who resitle on their farm in Terry town- ship, and who reared a family of five children, as follows: John A., Richard, Mary, William, Jr., and Ellen, The subject of this sketch, who, it will be seen is the eldest, was reared in Wyalusing, attended the common schools, was a student in the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, and then in Lafayette College. Since attaining his majority he has been engaged in the hay, grain and produce trade, and has met with well-merited success. He is at |)resent assessor of Terry township, secretaiw of the school board, and secretary and treasurerof the County School Directors Association. He isthepatenteeofsome valuableinven- tions in mechanism. At the general election in 1890 he was an Inde- pendent candidate for county commissioner, and was announced as such only toward the end of the campaign, and with his name on none of the regulai" i)arty organization tickets, yet was defeated l)y but a small majoi'ity, and this in the face of the fact that at some-of the ])olls it was not known that lie was a candidate. Politically, he is an outspoken Democrat. WILLIAM FOYLE, a prominent member of the Bradford county bar, was born in Herrick township, this county, August 31, 184:7, a son of John and Mary (Fogarty) Foyle, natives of Kilkenny, IrelantI, who came to America in 1832, locating in JNIaine one and a half years, and later resided in New York six years, where the father was engaged in the consti'uctioii of the Croton Water- works. About 1840 they set- tled in Herrick township, this county, and engaged in farming; both parents were born in 1808, and both died in lb78, the father in iVovem- ber, and the mother in Decemi)er. AVilliam Foyle was reared in his native county, and educated at Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda, and St. Bonaventure's College, Allegany, ('attaraugus Co., N. Y. He read law with Fllianaii Smith and William and J>enjamin M. Peck; was admitted to the l)ar March 1(5, 1870, and has been in active ])ractice since. He mai'iied, September 10, 1872, Ella, daughte HISTORY OK BRAnFOKI) COUNTY. 811 of Thomas and Tsal)ol (Lackey) Fitzgerald, of Wyaliising. Pa., and has two children, William T. and ( Jliarles E. Mr. Foyle was a law partner of T. McPherson, Esq., and also of the late H. W. ratrick. lie has been concerned in some of the heaviest litigation in the coui-ts during his practice at the J>radford county bai*. lie tauglit in the public schools before his admission to the bar. Mr. Foyle has been engaged in no other business but the practice of his |)rofessi<)n. , GEORGE W. FRANKLIN, pro|)iietorof theFranldin Blue Stone (Quarries, P. O. (Quarry Glen, was born in Philadelphia, Fel)ruary 3, 1866, and is a son of John J. and Julia (Ileppard) Franklin, also natives of Philadelphia, the former a lineal descendant of Benjamin Franklin ; his father was an attorney. George W. Franklin was educated in the ward schools of Phihidelphia, and, (juitting the school room at the age of fourteen y«ars, he entered upon his business career, first as a journeyman in a cloth house, then commenced to travel when only fifteen j'ears old, for his father, selling artificial stone. The firm was known as the Franklin Artificial Stone Company, but their plant being destro^^ed by tire, young Franklin then entered the employment of John A. Jackson & J. C. Blair, paper manufacturers, of Philadelphia, as traveling salesman, and remained with them about five years, when he accepted a position as traveling salesman for George F. I^)rown, paper manufacturer. New York City, remaining with him until 1889, when he commenced operating the Blue Stone Quarries in Sheshequin township, this county. His line of travel was from Boston to Omaha, throughout twenty-two States. His father owns the farm on which the quarr}^ is located, and leases the quarry to the Franklin Blue Stone Company, which consists of George W. Franklin and J. D. Morris, only, Mr. Franklin is a member of the I. O. O. F., Lodge No. 15, Philadelphia, and politically is a Republican, JOHN FRAWLEY, farmer, P. O. Overton. This gentleman, who is one of the prominent farmer citizens of Overton township, was born in Ireland, a son of James and Bridget (Sullivan) Frawley, of Countv Limerick; the family came to America in 1840; the father died in Overton in 1880, and the mother in 1881. John Frawley was born in 1844, and has worked his way in life successfully, with no other aids than what nature gave him, added to the wortliy precepts and examples of his poor but eminentlv respectable parents. He is the possessor of a valuable farm of 140 acres in Overton township. He was married in Elmira, N. Y., to Mary, daughter of John and Mar- garet (Wolf) Pickley, also natives of Limerick, Ireland, and to this union the following children wei'e born: Thomas E., Timothy H., Margaret E., John F., Mary A., Catherine J., Annie T. and Joseph D. The family worship at the Catholic Church, of which they are faithful adherents. As a family they bear the love and respect of a wide circle of friends and acquaintances. Mr. Frawley has filled the offices of school director and road commissioner, and has a warm place in his heart for the Democratic partv. J. W. FRAZER was born June 3, 1846, a son of Hugh S. and Caroline (Scovill) Frazer. He was born and raised on a farm, and educated in the common schools and academies of Wvalusino- and 812 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. CamptoAvn. On reaching his majority lie began life for himself, and located in Scranton, where he entered the employ of a sewing machine compan}'', and was Avith them about one year; then engaged in the sewing machine business on his own account, and has followed that calling ever since, doing business both in Elmira and Williamsport. lie finally returned to AVyalusing and located on liis farm, within one- half mile of his boyhood's home. He was united in marriage June 3, 1809, with Amelia S., daughter of Christian and Deborah A. (Yancise) Bartholomew, the youngest in a family of three cliildren. This union has been blessed with one child, Lena V. Mr. Frazer is still engaged in the sewing-machine business, and is proprietor of the Mountain Cottage Summer Resort, which he has built on his place since his return, and which is beautifully located about three miles from AV3'alusing, in the midst of grand scenery and the finest fisliing in the State. It is crowded with guests during the season, every one speak- ing in high [)raise of their host and hostess. Mr. Frazer is a Repub- lican, and an active politician. N. S. FRAZER, farmer and stock grower, Wyalusing, w^as born in Wyalusing, Bradford Co., Pa., January 6, 1843, a son of H. S. and Caroline (Scovill) Frazer, the former of whom died in 1889, aged eighty-two years, and the latter in 1883, aged seventj^-seven years. 11. S. Frazer was born in Clearfield county, Pa., came to Bradford in 1833, and entered mercantile business near Ilomet's Ferry ; after several years he removed to where N. S. Frazer now resides, and began farming, where he remained until his death. Mr. and Mrs. II. S. Frazer had a family of five cliildren, viz.: Jennie (married to William Chamberlain, a farmer of Wyalusing) ; Nettie (married to D. O. Holland, of North Towanda) ;" N. S.; J. W. (a farmer of Wvalusing) ; Sarah (married to A. B. Smith, a farmer, of Southport, N,^ Y.). N. S. Frazer, the subject of this sketch, was born and reared on the farm where he now resides, and was educated in tlie common schools and at the Collegiate Institute of Towanda; he gradu- ated when twenty -one and entered the law office of Mercur & Morrow where he read law. AYlien ready for admission to the bar he was called home by the failing health of his parents, and, sacrific- ing liis ambition for their comfort, gave up his career in law and took charge of tiie old homestead, and has been engaged in agricultural pursuits to the present. In 1884 he opened a summer resort which was very popular; after about four years the building was burned, but he rebuilt much larger and better, and in 1890 the beautiful place was filled with people from the large cities seeking rest and pleasant scenery ; in March, 1891, however, the building, together with the large barn and all the out-buildings were entirely consumed by fire, with all the contents; within two years he has twice lost everything by fire, yet, with unllngging energy, he pursues his wa}' toward success in preparing to rebuild for the third time. Mr. Frazer was united in wedlock, July 3, 1883, with Lizzie Benjamin, daugiiter of Dr. Benjamin, of Dushore, and this union has been blessed with one child, Carrie. Mr. Frazer is a ite])ul)lican in politics, and has held HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 813 the office of justice of peace many years, besitles many other town- ship offices. WALTER H. FRENCH, United States Claim Agent, and notarv public, Athens, is a native of Sheshequin, this county, born Mav 19, 1847, son of Walter and Sarali (Rogers) French, natives of this countv; the father was a farmer, and died in Sheshequin in August, 1890, a<'ed seventy-seven years; the mother died in 18G4 in her liftv-thirtl vear. Walter H. French who is the sixth inafamily of ten children, remained on the farm with his father until he was fifteen, when, respondino- to the call of his country, he enlisted, September 19, 1862, in Company D, Seventeenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, under Gen. Sheridan's command.' He was wounded in his forty-seventh regular engagement, at Front Royal, Ya., August 16, 1864, and about sundown that evening his leg- was taken off by a shell and his horse killed at the same time" He wa^s put in an ambulance and taken to Winchester, a distance of seventeen miles, where he was captured the next mornmg, August 17, and was re-captured at Winchester, September 19, 1864, and put in a lumber wagon and taken to Martinsburg and from there by rail to Baltimore, to the hospital, wdiere he remained three months, lie was then taken to the hospital in York, Pa., where he was kept three weeks, and then taken to the hospital and school, cornerof Sixteenth and Filbert streets, Philadelphia, which he attended as a soldier three years, when he obtained the position of cashier and book-keeper in a'^store in Phila- delphia. Remaining there six months, he returned home and taught school three years. He was first married in Sheshequin, in 1872,° to Miss Henrietta, daughter of Louis and Nancy (Holcomb) Russell, natives of this county (she wns the second in a family of three children). To this union were born two children: Eugene (deceased) and Howard E. Mrs. Henrietta French died in 1881, and in 1887 Mr. French married, in Athens, Miss Gertrude H., daughter of Andrew Y. and Millv (Drake) YanSice, natives of this county (she is the third in a familv" of four children, and was born in Rome township in 1862). To M\\ and JVlrs. French was born one son, Andrew. Mr. French has been recognized as a claim a^ent by the Government since 1875, although not practicing until the spring of 1890 ; was appointed notarv public in June, 1890 ; lie is commander of Perkins Post, No. 202, G. A. R., and also a member of the Union Yeteran Legion, No. 28, and the Union Yeteran Union of Sayre. He was in Sheridan's famous ride from Culpeper to Rich- mond, and from there to Yorktown, the distance of 160 miles being ridden in forty-eight hours. Mr. French is a Republican, and was constable and collector in Sheshequin township from 1872 to 1875. The account of liis war experience, at the time he lost his leg, is so thrilling, that we here give it in his own language : "When I was recaptured at Winchester, September 19, 1864, the hospital I was in was located on Main street, through which the rebels ran, after being routed by the Union Army. Sheridan shelled them as they were running through the town^ three cannon balls passmg through the hospital, one within a foot of my head, wdiicli knocked me senseless for a time, passing through another room where another wounded soldier I'dY, cutting his bunk and even the sheet in two, and throwing him out 814 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. on the floor, without seriously injuring him. My company stopped when passing through tlie town after the rebels, and Amos Oongdon, a member of in}'^ comj)any, went out and brought the shell in tluit passed so close to mv head." ABRAHAM FRIES, farmer, P. O. Columbia Cross Roads, was born in Wells township, this county, August 28, 1841, a son of James and Sophia (Besley) Fries; his paternal grandparents, James B.nd Margaret (Cool) Fries, formerl}^ of New Jersey and of Presbyterian stock, settled in "Wells township, this county, in 1837, partially cleared and improved a farm and died there ; their children were Anna (Mrs. Dennis Lewis), Margaret (Mrs. Itenselear Wolfe), Elizabeth, Jacob. James, IMary J. (Mrs. Bassett), Mtirtin, David (on the old homestead) and Lydia (Mrs. J>ascom Taylor). Of these James partially cleared a farm in Wells township, and died there; his wife was the daughter of Oliver and Rhoda (Westbrook) Besley, pioneers of Columbia township, and by her he had one son, Abraham. The subject of this memoir was I'eared on a farm in Columbia township, from seven years of age, by his uncle. Jacob Fries, who cleared several farms in Columbia town- ship, where he resided about forty-five years. He is a member of the Baptist Church and in politics is a Democrat. Abraham Fries has always been engaged in farming, and is one of the representative agriculturists of the township. He married, in 1862, Margaret, daughter of Peter and Barbara (Gernert) McClelland, of Columbia townshij), by whom he has two children : Katie (Mrs. Ransom Cor- nell) and Cora Blanche. Politicallv Mr. Fries is a Democrat. ADDISON C. FRISBIE, farmer and stock grower, Orwell, was born October 20, 1829, on the farm he now occupies, son of Zebulon Frisbie, who was born on the same farm July 4, 1801, a son of Levi Frisbie, who was born in Connecticut. Levi Frisbie married Phoebe Gaylord, of Connecticut, and immigrated to Bradford county, locating where A. C. Frisbie resitles. He was the first to oj)en a tanyard in this section ; he was a man of sjilendid phvsique, of pleasing and engaging manners, making many friends, and at the time of his death he owned about 212 acres. Zebulon Frisbie was the youngest in the family, and learned his father's trade of tanner, and with his brother, Chauncy, succeeded to his father's business, which they finally sold, and engaged in farming. He vvas married December 4, 1828, to Polly Goodwin, a daughter of Warren Goodwin, of Connecticut, and had the following children : Addison C. (born October 20, 1829), Warren R. (born August 31, 1831, died September 15, 1865), William L. (born March 26, 1834), Chauncy M. (born November 29, 1839), Ruby H. (born June 15, 1843, married to Edward Boardman), Orin G. (born June 8, 1845, died December 5, 1847), Emily P. (born October 1, 1847, died February 20, 1849), Mary E. (born October 6, 1849), Olin G. (born February 20, 1852). The father was a member of the Presb\'terian Church and an elder. Politically he was a Whig and Repul)lican, and was a justice of the peace many years, also associate Judge, and stood high as an official. He died August 29, 1881, and his loss was sorely felt in all sectiijns of the county. Addison C. Frisl)ie passed his boyhood on his father's farm, receiving an academical education, and wiien seventeen HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 815 years old he enguoed as a clerk in a store until 1857, when he went to Carbondale, where he was a prostrated by sickness, from wliicii he recovered in 1859. He was in a similar employ at Orwell Hill, where he remained until 1804 ; then moved to Lellaysville, and engaged in mercantile business on his own account, remaining until 18()7 ; then went to Orwell Hill, and with G. C. Frisbie conducted a store, and with different partners was merchandising until 1879, wdien he sold and removed to Towanda, having been elected in 1878 register and recorder of Bradford county, ably serving the people three years. In March, 1882, he removed to the old Frisbie homestead, where he has since resided. He was united in marriage October 17, 1855, with ]^. N. NewelL To Mr. and Mrs. Frisbie have been born five children : Cora St. Leon (born October 31, 1850, mari'ied to P. A. Pendleton), Kate L. (born July 11, 1858, married to N. N. Elsbree), George C. (born December 24, 1861), Mary E. (born April 29, 1804, married to V. B. Payson), Edwin N. (born September 24, 1870). Mr. Frisbie is a member of the F. & A. M., and of the K. of P. at Towanda, he is a Republican, and has held the various township offices. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church. A. G. FRISBIE, farmer and stock grower, Orwell, w^as born in Orwell, this county, March 4, 1820, a son of Levi Frisbie, who was born in Connecticut, November 19, 1798, a son of Levi Frisbie, born in Bristol, Conn., January 31, 1758, who died October 5, 1842, and had married, December 20, 1780, Phoebe Gaylord, who was born in Bristol, Conn., November 19, 1707, and died in Orwell, October 5, 1852, a daughter of Aaron Gaylord, who was a lieutenant in the militia, and took part in the battle of W\'oming; he escai)ed to the woods with a companion, where they were found by the Indians, and he was killed, but his companion escaped. To Levi and Phoebe (Gaylord) Frisbie were born the following named children : Chauncy, born November 16, 1787, died May 4, 1804 ; Laura, born January 1, 1790, married to Ira Bronson ; Catherine, born April 1, 1792, and Levi. Levi Frisbie, Sr., was descended from tlje old Puritan stock of Connecticut, and was an acknowledged leader in all enterprises tending to the advancement or improvement of this county. Coming as he did, in the year 1800, when the woods of Bradford county contained primitive log cabins, he devoted his life to the advancement of the county, its churches and scliools; he was the brave and fearless friend of the poor and the oppressed; in his private life, sociable and eminently liospitable, his family loved and reverenced him as more than a father, and to the shelter of his broad bosom his grandchildren alwaj's fled as a haven of refuge ; although a member of the Episcopal Church in Connecticut, he identified himself with the Presbyterian Church as soon as the society w^as formed on Orwell Hill, and allowed no niceties as to any proscribed creed to interfere with his labors to better the condition of his fellow-men; and the seed sown by such earnest labors, nearly a centuiy ago, is still yielding fruit in abundance; he was never known to swear, use intoxicating liquors of an}' kind, excepting cider, which he drank at meals in lieu of tea or coffee, which he never used, or tobacco; his word was implicitly received, and in the arbitrament 816 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. of his neio-hbors he never failed to give satisfaction. His sons were worthv of°such a father, and among the many eminent and good men of this countv none stood higher than they, all hving earnest worker, in the Presovterian Church, three being elders in the same for years; 11 were liberal to the church and schools; these noble sons of an illustrious sire have been gathered to their ^^^tli^'*^' ^^f^J^^S "j^ spotless page in the history of Bradford county. All the family except the voungest. were born in Connecticut. AG Frisbie was born and reared on the old Frisbie homestead farm, and received a common-school education. His farm was located in Allis Hollow! and contained 100 acres of land, which he cleared and fit eel for the plow, and here he lived from his twenty-fourth vear until 18b -^, vLn hi removed to his present farm known as the 'Minor Taj lor Inn which IS well stocked with cattle, horses etc. He was united in wedlock, December 5, 1850, with Ordelia, daughter of Abel and Laura Alis) Darling, and to them have been born the following named itwen: wflliam E., born February 18, 1853, married to Cyn ha Bull; Ann Elizabeth, born January 2, 1855, married to Hiram E. Bull Stewart G., born August 27, l^^J, married to Mary A. New^^^^^^^^ F.-ink Darlino- born Februarv 28, 1859, died September <, 1800, Leu A born August 15, 1861 ; Laura'c, born March 14, 1863, married to Charles We&heiser and Kate, born August 5, 1866. Mr. Frisbie wa for vears a membe; of the Orwell Artillery Company; was elected second lieutenant of that organization. May 14, 1846, and prcmioted to c!X n J I ne 23, 1847, and to'major June 4, 1849. During the Rebellion he se ved in the cons'truction corps attacWl to the Army of the West, and spent five months in Tennessee. His father, Levi tr.sbie, J ., was a strict church member, unflinching in iHirsuing the course he thouo-ht to be right; was honest and upright m all his business tian- sactions, and bitterlv opposed to the use of intoxicants. He wa^b a led March 3, 1825, to Chloe Chubbuck, and to them were born the following named childreii : A^G.; ^^^ther.ne born Jidv 29 182h, married to Stewart Line; Eaton N., born June 24, ^^^^ W. b^^^^ Laura P., married to Frank Bachman; Joseph f '^^«;f "^^^^^^f'^^ho Flmin N Y • Eaton N., president of the S. & L. V. ii. L., and \\ no waTmafoi. of'the city of Unira N. Y. one tern. The mother died Aucrust 20, 1869, and the father November 23, 1889. Mi . A. G. \ i ib biels a stanch liepublican, and has held the various town othces. FRANK FPwISBIK, blacksmith, Durell, was born July 21, I8b.^ in Asvlum township, IJradford Co., Pa., and is a son of Myron and Susana Ann (Grippin) Frisbie, natives of As v urn and «/ Yl!!r?al er Scotch-L-ish extraction. The son was reared to the trade of his tathci , blacksmithing. and now owns the place which had been managed maii>; vears previoifslv bv his father. He was m the Southern States some Vears and returning here has since continued to carry on general .facksm" ing busings, also a nice trade in agricultural implements, nie^r hardware and all kinds of lubricating oils. He was married, April 2 1884. to Georgia Ilevnolds who was born in W ysox, this count. X " st4 1863, third in a family of iWe children of George and Mathilda fponer) Reynolds, natives of New York State. There iiave been born HISTORY OF HRADFOKU COUNTY. 817 to Mr. and Mrs. Frisbie four children, two of whom are living: Leon W., born Janiiarv 21, 1888, and Josie, born July 18, 1890. Mr. Frisbie is a member of the Patrons of In(histry, in politics he is a Republican, and takes an intelligent interest in the affairs of the community. W. L. FRISBIE, M. D., Potterville, was born March 25, 1834, in Orwell, this county, where his brother A. C. Frisbie resides, was reared on a farm, educated at the common schools of Orwell, and had also an academic training. When twenty-four years old he began busi- ness for himself, farming and teaching, his first school being in War- ren when he was twenty years old ; thus was he engaged six years in this county, and Carroll county, 111. When twenty-eight years of age he began the study of medicine, reading under Dr. Oliver Lewis, of Orwell, and in 1867 entered Holmrt College, Geneva, N. Y., where he was graduated in the spring of 1869. He then located in Potterville and continued in the practice, except from May 7, 1874, to May 14, 1875, Avhich time was spent on Orwell hill. He was married October 26, 1859, to Alswitlia Knapj), daughter of Hiram L. and Elizabeth (Eastabrook) Knapp, the former of whom was a physician, a graduate of the Albany School of Medicine; he had children as follows: Martha, married to N. C. Elsbree; Theresa, married to Manson Elsbree; Alswitha; Dr. Hiram L., practicing at Windham, a graduate of the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati; Elizabeth H., widow of H. Taylor; Armenia, first married to Dr. Benjamin Babcock, after whose death she married Charles Crandall; Dr. C. B., of Wasiiington State, a graduate of Hobart JMedical College, N. Y.; M. L., a farmer; and Josephine, mar- I'ied to P. F. Elsworth, of Windham. Dr. and Mrs. Frisbie have had three children, viz.: Armenia H., born August 27, 1862, married W. L. Carrington, of Orwell; Dr. H. Zebulon, born June 30, 1867, educated at Orwell, and has attended one course of lectures at Jefferson College, Philadelphia; and Paul, born September 6, 1872. Dr. W. L. Frisbie is a member of A. Y. M., of Rome; he is a Republican, and has held the office of justice of the peace ten years, also that of school tiirector; he does a general practice, and has been highly successful. The familv are members of the Congregational Church. " WILLIAM FRIS BY, farmer, P. O. Evergreen, was born in Asylum township, this county, January 13, 1815, a son of John and Elizabeth (Ackley) Frisby, who were' descended from Eastern people. The grandfather settled in Bradford county, at the place known as " Frisby 's Springs," where it is su))posed John was born. John Frisbv removed to Asylum township when a young man, and married Miss"^ Elizabeth Ackley, by whom he had two sons. John Frisby and one of his sons went to Ohio, where he died. William, the younger son, remained in this county, was reared and educated in Asylum, and alwavs followed agricultural pursuits, being more of a jiroducer than a consumer. On July 9, 1840, he marrieil, in Asylum, Miss Charlotte, daughter of John and IVfargaret Wood, and there were born to this union eight children, all of whom grew to maturity, five now living, viz.: Myron, a black- smith ; John, a farmer; Henry, a farmer; Ulysses, a telegVaph operator at Dushore, and William, who is living at home with his father, whom he assists on the farm. William mairied, March 13, 1884, Emma, 818 HISTORY OF BKADl'OKI) COUNTY. daughter of James and Catherine Simmons, and there have been born to them two children : Estella, now six years of age. and Cassie, now four years of age. He removed from Asylum to Terry township, in 1807, where he has since lived. He purchased his farm of Bills & McCue, the place then consisting of 13-t acres, but has been sold until now only fifty-two acres remain. He is a large, muscular man, meas- uring six feet four inches; is a general farmer, raising whatever the soil will produce with a fair profit. He has made many improvements in the erection of buildings; when he moved on the place there was only a small log house which served its purpose for a time. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Benjamin Ackle}'^, father of Mrs. Elizabeth Frisby, removed to Asylum in 1782, in company with Amos Bennett and Joshua Bailey, and settled in the " Bend," now owned by Richard Benjamin. EDWARD FROST, of J. O. Frost's Sons, furniture manufacturers, Towanda, was born in Rush, Susquehanna Co., Pa., September 8, 1846, and is a son of James O. and Chloe (Hill) Frost. He was reared in Bradford county, and educated in the common and public schools and Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, and began life as a clerk in his father's furniture store in Towanda, and was admitted as a member of the firm of J. O. Frost & Sons in 1871, and on the reorganization of the firm in 1876, became the senior member of the firm of J. O. Frost's Sons, and since 1883 have been manufacturers of furniture exclusively. May 10, 1870, he married Sarah, daughter of Mrs. Jane Hovey, of Towanda, by whom he has had four children as follows: Herbert (died at the age of two and a half 3'ears), Jennie, Maude and Edward. He is an attendant of the Presbyterian Church, and was burgess of Towanda in 1886, and again in 1888, and served as councilman three terms; he was chief of Towanda Fire Department in 1890, and once before; he was a membei' of company G, Ninth Pennsylvania Militia five years, and was sergeant and quartermaster of the company; politi- callv he is a stanch Republican. E. M. FROST, of the firm of E. N. Frost & Son, dealers in furni- ture and undertakers, Athens, is a native of Bradford county. Pa., born August 2.5, 1848, a son of E. N. and Sarah (Parks') Frost, also natives of this county. E. N. Frost began the furniture and under- taking business at Rome, and c;une to Athens in 1877, where he was engaged in the same Inisiness until the time of his death, in November, 1885, when he was in his sixtieth year ; his widow survives. Her gi-eat- grand mother was in the Wyoming massacre. E. ]\[. Frost is the second in a family of three children. When a young man he was in the drug- business in Rome five years, and in 1879 he came to Athens iind formed a partnershi[) with his father, in the furniture and undertak- ing business, under the firm name of E. N. Frost & Son ; they have two store rooms, also several warerooms, and are one of the leading firms in their line of business in the county. Mr. Frost was married in Rome. November 18, 1868, to Sallie W., daughter of Reuben and Mary (West) Thompson, natives of this county (she is the younger of two childi'en, ani,Vr',^: \!^^1! learned the millwright trade, at which he worked forty-four yea s workino- all over this and the adjacent counties in erectmgsawand gn.t mills, ile removed to this county when twenty-one years of age locating Terrvtown on the Susquehanna river, in 184o. He married l;ebruaiy 5 1847 Miss Mary Ann, daughter of Septimus and Margaret Bacon, thev had born to them seven children, six of whom grew to maturity: Frances, Heber, Philemon, Edward E., Joseph aiid Lesley. Ms. Frutche'v was born in Huntington. Liizerne Co Pa., ^^^„^^j;>^^» |^ J828 and came to this county about 1 844; her ancestors are ^^ ^^^^^'Engk^ birth, but French extraction; her parents removed from ^o^^ ^e ^^ Luzerne county; her grandmother Bacon raised silk-worms a og e Huntington creek, Luzerne county, to a great advantage, ^^" | s^i t ^^« raw material to New York City, where it wasma^nufactured into fabucs of value and beautv. Mr. Frutchey has lived on his Present hu-m fifteen vears; he is a^general farmer but pays especial ^^ttention to f it raising; he has two hSndred peach trees of various kinds, also Gen an mmel apricots, etc.; his farm consists of seventy acres of fertile land, Mr. Frutchev is a Presbyterian ; in politics he is a Democrat W R FULFORD, train dispatcher, Sayre, is a native ot StancUng Stone,' this countv, and was born May 14, 1859, a son of John P. and Sallie A (Huff) Fulford, the former a native of New Jersey and tlie latter of this county. The father is a W^^^^^'^^^, and resid^^ Standino- Stone. Our subject, who is the second in order of biith in a fam" of four children, wis reared in Standing Stone and at the age S e c^hteen vears began an apprenticeship at telegraphy at his native p ace! In 1^79 he went to Lincoln, Neb., and had charge of a tele- Si office there about two vears; then returned home and went to Lacey vine where he remained until February 1, 1883, wheii he came to S-ivre He was promoted to assistant train dispatcher m December 1886;and to his present position December 15, 889^ ^l^^i^^^l^f in Towanda, October 12, 1887, to Miss Anna, daughter of il]oHK > and Harriet (Mathewson) DeLano, the f^f.™^^ ^/^;^!V^^?o i countv N. Y., the latter of Athens township. Thomas C. DeLano was a^merchant for more than thirty years in this ->- y and is now in n.icacro 111 Mrs. Ful ford's great-grandfathers, Matheuson and Steverf^re officers in the RevolutioiTary War. She is the younger of^rchildren, and was born, at Spanish H HI, Savry^^^^^ pniintv March 17 1861; her s ster, Harriet, married U . H. 1 oole, ot Sic io II Mr and Mrs. FulfoVd are members of the Episcopal ChuiX He is a member of the Patriotic Sons of America, is a Dem- ocrat, and holds the office of borough auditor. EDO MIS FlILLEIlHist opened his eyes upon this busy wo Id on ^e third of January, 1S45, in the township of j^f^^'f^}^^;^^^ butcameto Camptown in 1856 or 1857 when his 1=' 'f' ,;^, " V}, ' '^^l; moved his familv to the latter place. K( gar was the ^1 /^ ' '" ' faiuilv of nine, seven of whom are now living, and received t '< usiia : -ation which, in tlx.se davs, was accorded to the average child ol a t f V f mner. t consisted of a few months of each year .n the com- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 831 nion i)ublic schools, usually presided over by a splendid specimen of physical manhood and birch "gads." Our subject was, however, an apt scholar, and made the most of his opportunities, which resulted in such success as, at the age of twenty, enabled him to change his posi- tion from that of a pupil to a teacher. Vov three years he })resided in the school rooms, and then turned his attention to a mercantile career by entering the employ of Dunham & Dyer, manufacturers, of New Era, Pa., as traveling salesman, his territory lying principallv in the State of Illinois. This position he continued until January 26, 18(58, when he gave it up, and two days thereafter formed a partnership with Griffin Magee, a practical tanner, and built a large two-story tannerv in Camptown, the upper floor of which was devoted to the manufac- ture of harness, over which Mr. Fuller assumed direct supervision. The business tlourislied for a couple of years, when the firm was dis- solved by mutual consent, and Mr. Fuller prepared to carry on the manufacture of harness on a more extensive scale, and to infuse his ideas of progressive enterprise into a business which he had decided to make a life work. The large factory which he now occu])ies was speedily built, and '' E. S. Fuller's Excelsior Harness Shop " at once took front rank in that line of business, not only in the county, but throughout the northeastern part of the State. Ke was not a prac- tical harness-maker to begin with, but by employing the best of work- men, and watching closely their methods, he soon became an expert with the knife and thread, having mastered his trade without serving an apprenticeship. He manufactured none but the best of goods, which, together with honorable methods and a liberal use of printers' ink, secured him a jjatronage equaled by few concerns of the kind in this section. His harness regularly took the red ribbons at the annual county fairs, and to-day he has customers in many distant towns, to say nothing of the exclusive control of the local traVle. In addition to the manufacture of harness he is an extensive dealer in horse furnishing goods — robes, blankets, dusters, whips, Irish and Scotch collars, oils, etc. Mr. Fuller is a splendid specimen of the self-made man, who, from the groundwork of brain and muscle, has forced his way, unaided, through the vicissitudes of life to a prominent position in the business world, and is looked upon as one of the leading business men of the section in which he lives. On October 27, 1868, Mr. Fuller married Miss Amanda M. Camp, daughter of Homer Camp, of Camptown, a lady of refinement and most excellent parentage. Of this union five childi'en have been born, three of whom — Harriet A., Almon H. and Emily S.— are living. Loula Belle and Elizabeth died in infancy. Mr. Fuller is a steward and trustee of the M. E. Church of Camptown, a member of the State Encampment, and Past Chief Patriarch I. 0. O. F. He enlisted in the army during the Rebellion, but the war closed before his services were demanded on the field. Politically, he is an influential Republican, and has filled the various town offices with credit and honor. (tEORGE L. fuller, salesman, Athens, is a native of Sheshequin township, this county, and was born June lU, 1841, a son of Richard and Salinda (Blackman) Fuller, also natives of Sheshequin township. 47 g22 HISTORY OF HKADFOUI) COUNTY. The father who was a fanner and lumberman, died in his native ph\ce in June, 1880, in his sixty-nintli year; the mother is still living. The Grandfather, Nathaniel Fuller, was a soldier in the War of 1S12, and was killed while in the service. George L. Fuller is the fourth of a family of eleven children, and was reared on a farm ; after leaving the common school he attended high school two terms, and taught one term a district school. On August 9,18(51, he enlisted in the army, m Companv D, Thirtv-ninth 111. V. I., Avas wounded at the battle of Winchester, March ^22, 1862, and was in the hospital seven weeks; when he returned to his command he ))articipate(l in the following eno-ao-ements: Siege of Morris Island, Sumter, Charleston, Drury's Blufftin Seven Days' Fight, with IMcClelian on the Peninsular Cam- paion and the siege of Petersburg, wheve he was discharged, Septem- ber°10. 1864. Returning to Shesliequin he engaged in farming until 1880, when he removed to Athens and engaged in the confectionery business. This he sold at the expiration of nine years, and since then he has been salesman in J. W. Carroll's clothing house. Mr. Fuller was married in Sheshequin Januarv 5, 1865, to Miss Kachel, chiughter of John B and Lucinda (Ilorton) Smith (her father, who was a farmer, died in Sei)tember, 1881; Mrs. Lucinda Smith died in 1875). Mrs. Fuller is the second in a family of eight children, and was born in Sheshequin township October 5, 1843. Mr. and Mrs. Fuller are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; he is a member of the I. O. O. F., Valley Lodge, No. 446, and has passed the chairs in the subordinate and in thePtebekahLod£:es; is also a member of the Union Veteran Legion, No. 28, and the G. A. P., Perkins Post, No. 202. He is a Republican, and was census enumerator in 1880; also served as auditor in Sheshequin, nine years in succession, and several years as inspector and iudge of elections. I C. FULLER, manufacturer, was born in llerrick townshq), July 27,1850, and is a son of Almond and Adelia (Camp) Fuller. His father was a natural mechanic and was a farmer, millwright, shoe- maker, blacksmith and carpenter; he had a family of ten children (of whom seven are living), viz.: N. A. (died June 29, 1891), late of Wya- lllsin(^ car})enter and joiner; Mary C, married Lewis Wells, and alter his death, Franklin Jones, and now resides on the old homestead at Camptown; Edgar S., harness-maker at Cainptown ; Emcline J., mar- ried to G. L. Lewis, farmer and mechanic of Camptown ; Lois L., mar- ried to Elwood Vaughn and after his death to Rev. Newton J. Barnes, and died in 1890; I. C; Guv II., editor and proprietor of the James- town Sim; Lettie J., married to P. Smith, merchant, Camptown ; Lillian Mav, married to John Nesbit, hardware merchant, Tekamah, Neb.; Judson di(Hl when a child. I. C. Fuller passed his eai-ly boy- hood in llerrick; his i)arents removed to Camptown, where he remained until he started out for himself. He was educated m the common schools, and, when seventeen, began teaching, continued dur- iu"- winters alwut six vears, and worked at the carpenter's trade and attended school during^summors. March 16, 1874, he came toAV valus- intr and entered the emplov of the planing mills, which Mr b uller no°wowns; after working there about ten days, he was made fore- HISTORY OF BRADFORO COUNTY. 823 man of the mill, ami filled that position until September 27, 1877. The mill was purchased by William T. Ilorton, and November 15, 1877, he was made superintendent of the same; January 6, 1882, he purchased one-half interest in the mill, and the entire business, Janu- ary 6, 1887, since which time he has been sole proprietor; he has machinei'v for doing all kinds of scroll and finishing work, and sup- plies all kinds of building material; his sheds, buildings and yards cover about two acres of ground, and he has extensive outside interests and trade ; he uses an II. B. Schenck planer, which is the best manu- factured ; he employs a force of six men constantly, and more when pressure of work demands. When he first came to Wyalusing, he lived in the Henry Gaylord house, but, in 1877, he built him a small house on the hill and removetl to that, where he remained until the first day of 1SS9, when his present elegant residence being completed, he removed to his new home, which for style of architecture, beauty and elegance of finish and conveniences cannot be excelled in the county; it contains thirteen rooms, besides cellars, closets and halls. He owns sevei-al other valuable pieces of town property and large real estate interests in the coal regions, a small farm with oood build- ings in Merryall and various other intei'ests. He was married, Sep- tember 7, 1875, to Melissa Wells, a daughter of Abel and Margaret (Xey) Wells, of Monroe county, Pa., and they have two children ; Flor- ence, born April 13, 1881, and Ernistine, born May 10, 188-1. He is a Democrat, but takes but slight interest in politics. Mr. Fuller is a bril- liant example of one of Bradford's self-made men; started in life with no capital but sound judgment, unfiagging industry and determination to succeed, and by close attention to business and unflinching honesty, he has not only acquired a fortune in a very short time, but what is far better, has secured the respect, trust and esteem of all his custom- ers, and has the confidence and friendship of all. N. A. FULLER (deceased), late of Wyalusing, was born June 18, 18-10, at Camptown, and silent his boyhood at Camptown, working on a farm and in the shoe shop of his father. He Avas educated in the Camptown Academy, and, when nineteen, began his apprentice- ship to learn the carpenter's and joiner's trade, under L. W. Camp, and then D. D. Chaffee, working with them about three years. In August, 1861, he enlisted in Company F, Fifty-second P. V. I., hav- ing served three months prior, in the State militia, and served until July, 1865, when he was discharged with his regiment ; he was through the Peninsular campaign and then transferred to the South, where he lay before Charleston during all the weary months of the bombardment, and after the fall of Charleston joined Sherman's army, and w\as with it during the campaign through the Carolinas, in pursuit of Johnston ; he was sent to Salisbury where he was mustered out. He was in Hilton Head Hospital about two months, suffering from a low fever. He enlisted as corporal, and was promoted to second lieutenant. He returned home and resumed his occupation of carpenter, working in Wyalusing, Her- rick, Pike and Tuscarora townslii])s, and residing at Camptown until 1888, when he removed to Wyalusing. He was united in wedlock, Octo- ber, 1865, with Delia M., daughter of Charles Biles, of Homet's Ferry, 824 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and this union was blessed with four children, viz.: Jennie A. (deceased); Roy V. (deceased); Charles II. and I\[ary L. He died very suddenly of heart failure, June 22, 1891, aged fifty-one years. He was a mem- ber of the Presbyterian Church, Camptown, and an elder of the same, a member of the I. O. O. F., Wyalusing Lodge, No. 503, Camptown, and had passed all the chairs, taken all degrees, and was a member of the State Encampment; also a member of Hurst Post, No. 74, (}. A. R., Camptown, and was Post commander of the same in 1887. He was formerh'^ a Republican, but later espoused the cause of the Prohibition party. R. J. FULLER, merchant, Camptown, was born in Herrick, where his father now lives, August 15, 1849, a son of Cyrus and Mary Ann (Taylor) Fuller. His father has always been a farmer and ilrover ; he had a family of nine children. R. J. Fuller passed his bo3diood on the farm ; at the age of twenty-two he began business, becoming a member of the firm of Fuller, Edwards, Lafferty & Co., grocers, where he remained two years; then was engaged as traveling salesman with James McBride cVs Co., tobacco cutters, of Monroe, Mich.; one and one- half years was with George Smith, a general merchant of Wysox. In 1877 he came to Camptown, built and stocked his present store- room and has been engaged in general merchandise since. He carries a full stock of general goods; is senior member of the firm of Fuller ife Blocher, owners of Camptown Creamery, built in the spring of 1890. He was married, October 19, 1875, to Annie A. Landon, daughter of Senator J^andon, of ileri'ick, and has two daughtei-s. Aline and Annie E. Mr. Fuller is a member of the Freemasons. FINLEY FURMAN, farmer, P.O. Sylvania, was born in Colum- bia township, this county, March 2, 1842, and is a son of John II. and Diana B. (Merritt) Furman. His paternal grandfather, Peter Furman, and maternal grandfathei', Curtis Merritt, son of Calvin Aferritt (the second latter being from Rutland, Vt.), were all pioneers of Columbia township. The father of our subject, who was a native of Columl)ia township, in early life taught school, but later engaged in the tannery business in Troy, and for several years was in the hotel business at Sylvania and Burlington. Prior to the Civil War he removed to Kansas, where he engaged in farming, and died in 1883, aged seventv years. Finley Furman was I'eared in Bradford county, educated in the common schools, and at Mansfield Seminary. Since attaining his majoiity, with the exception of live years that he was in the mercan- tile business at Austinville, he has been engaged in farming. He was twice married, first time to Rachel A., daughter of Lorenzo N. and Jane (Scouten) Tinkham. of Columbia township, this county, and by her there is one child living, Edna M., who graduated in the Mansfield State Normal School in tlie class of 1880; ^Ii*. Furinan's second wife was ('arrie B. I'uckbee, daughter of John and Hannah (Beers) J3uck- ))ee, of L'lwrenceviJle, Tioga Co.. I'a.. and by her he has two children : Nora and Anna. Mr. Furman is a UKimbci- of the Presbytci'ian (yhurch and I. O. O. F.; p(jliticallv he is a Re|)ub!ican. HIRAM FURMAN, farmer," P. O. Snedekerville, was born in (Jolumbia township, this county, May 28, 1821, and is a son of Peter HrSTOHY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 825 Jind I)i;i(l:iin;i (Holiday) Funiian. llis patoi'iial <^ran(l|);ii'ents were William and Abigail Ilalleck, j)ioneers oC Coltiiul)i;i lownsliii), where they settled in 1818 ; the grand fatiier was a justice of tiie peace several years, and resided in the townshij) until his death. Peter Furraan, father of subject, cleared and improved a farm near Columbia Cross Roads, and lived in the township until his death. His children were as follows: Maria, John H., Jane (Mrs. Hiram Mason), Pamphelia (Mrs. William B. Watkins), George, William, Hiram, Eurania (Mrs. Decatur Goodrick), Orrin, V'olney, HowartI, Alvin, Caroline (Mrs. Alanson Tayloi') and Philander. Hiram Furman was reared in his native county, and has spent most of his life in farming. During the Civil War he served eight months in the Western 13 ridge°Corps, and was honorably discharged. He was married twice: first time to Matilda, daughter of Malashi and Jane (Mason) Howland, of Columbia town- ship, and by her he had two children : Antoinette and Sidnev H.; his second w^ife was Betsey Potter, of Columbia township. Mr." Furman is a well-known farmer and citizen of Columbia township; politically he is a Democrat. JAMES B. FURMAN, farmer, P. O. Austinville, was born near Columbus, Ohio, September 20, 1846, and is a son of Peter S. and Elethear (Besley) Furman. His paternal grandfather, John Furman, was a son of William and Abigail (Halleck) Furman, who settled in Columbia township, this county, in 1813. John Furman was a prom- inent farmer of Columbia township, wdiere he died. His wife was Betsey Bogart, by whimi he had fifteen children : Peter S., Harriet (Mrs. Andrew Gernert), Eliza (Mi-s. Uel Porter). Cornelius, James, Wdham, Paul, Sally (Mrs. Barlow Gates), Elinus, Fanny, Juliette (Mrs. Chester Updyke), Charles, Mariette (Mrs. James Kinnear), Bet- sey Ann (Mrs. Raymond Gernert) and Kobert. Of these, Peter S. was reared in Columbia township, wiiere he cleared the farm now owned by R. Gernert. In 1832 he removed to Bellefonte, Centre Co., Pa.; from there to Petersburg, Ya., in 1836; thence to Ohio, in 1840, and from there to Wisconsin, in 1848, where he engaged in farm- ing and trading; in 1852 he was killed bv a Spaniard while in dispute over a land title. His wife (Elethear) w^as a daughter of Oliver and Rhoda (Westbrook) Besley, pioneers of Columbia township, and bv her he had six children, as follows: Cornelia, Cordelia (Mrs. David Ware\ Samuel B., Catherine (Mrs. Hiram Wilcox), James B. and Charles W. Our subject moved to Wisconsin, with his father, in 1848, and at the age of fourteen came with his brother, Samuel B., to Columbia township, where hp has since resided. He was in the Civil War, having enlisted March 1, 18G4, in Companv C, Seventh Pennsyl- vania Cavalry, and participated in the battle of Selma; also some minor engagements, and was 'honorably discharged at Harrisburg, Pa., in September, 1865, since when he has been engaged in farm- ing in Columbia township. In March, 1868, he married Electa M., daughter of Philo and Sarah A. (Lamphere) Beslev, of Columbia town- ship, and by her has tw^o children : Walter P. and Eva M. He is a a member of the G. A. R., and in politics is a Republican. 826 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. JOHN M. FURMAIST, retired physician and surgeon, Sugar Run, was born May 1, 1816, in Greenwich, N. Y., and is the third child in a family of eight children of Ezra and Laura (Atkins) Furman, the foraer a native of New York and the latter of Vermont, both being of New England origin. John M. Furman removed to "VVvoming countv with his father in 1838, where thev engaged in farming. He was educated in the common and select schools, and read medicine with Dr. W. W. Crandall, of Tunkhannock; also received private instruction of Prof. Roberts, of Philadelpliia. He began the practice of medicine in Herrick, in 1847, remaining there twentv years, and then located in Rome, where he resided until September 6, 1862, when he enlisted in Company D, Seventeenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. He was detailed as hospital steward, and was mustered out April IG, 1863. On account of ill iiealth contracted in the army, he was practically unemployed till 1871, when he resumed the pi'actice of medicine in Dimock, Pa., where he remamed about five years and then moved to Auburn Centre, same State. In 1881 he came to Terrytown, Bradford county, where he remained eight years, and after spending one year in Wyoming- county, he located in his present home. Dr. Furman was married Decem- ber 31, 1840, to Miss Lydia M., daughter of Richard and liannah(J)avis) Douglass, of Wyoming county. Pa. They have had eleven children : Alonzo H., born April 15, 1842; Amanda D., born May 8, 1844; Richard E., born July 16, 1845; Mary Jane, born October 4 , 1847; Emma L., born August 8, 1849; Laura A., born June 14, 1852; George W., born September 4, 1854; Harriet E., born March 7, 1857; Sarah H., born June 16, 1860; John W., born June 10, 1863, and Jesse K., born August 31, 1866, died April 30,1881. The Doctor is a member of the G. A. R. at Wvalusing, and is a Republican. WILLIAM GALLIGIIER, farmer, of Wyalusing township, P. O. Wvalusing, was born in Wyalusing township, this county, April 30. 1847, the son of Francis and Lydia (Brown) Galligher, the latter of w^hom was a daughter of Oliver Brown and granddaughter of Humphrey Brown. The father was a native of Ireland, and came to this country about 1824, when eighteen years old, and stojiped at Philadelphia, where for twelve years he was on the police force ; then removed to Browntown and followed farming and the trade of mason ; he was married in Wyalusing townshij), near Hornet's Ferry, and had four children: Onis,\lied in infancy; AVilliam; Mary, married to Fred Ski ft, locomotive engineer, residing in Towanda ; Jane, married to Henry Benedict, freight conductor on the Lehigh Valley Railroad, in T(>wanda; Marv is deceased. William passed his boyhood at Fairbanks, attending school until February 20, 1864, when he enlisted in Company I, Fiftieth P. Y. I.; he was in the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania and Cold Ha*rl)or, and was struck on the knee by a piece of shell, and was furloughed twenty days, but rejoined tlie regiment before Petersburg and went from there to Arlington Heights ; was taken sick and remained in the hospital until the war closed; he received his disciiarge July 10, 1865. After coming home he was sick for some time; then followed l)oating as steersman on the North Branch Canal four or five vears, then farmed. In 1876 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 837 he bought the old "White Tavern" stand in Browntown, which had never been out of the Brown family; it was burned June 24, 1890, and he proposes to rebuild it at once. Mr. Galligher was married, Septem- ber 9, 1889, to Belie Brown, daughter of Jonathan Brown, of Fairbanks; her father, who was a soldier of the Civil War, and followed farmin<^ is now deceased. To Mr. and Mr. Galligher was born one child' Daniel B., who died in infancv. They are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church of BrowntOwn ; he is also a member of Jackson Post, IS^o. 78, G. A. R., Wyalusing, and is a Republican. JUDSON J. GAMBLE, cooper, Sugar Run, was born Julv 20, 1852, at Sugar Run, Bradford Co., Pa., and is the youngest sun of William and Irene (Beman) Gamble, the former a native of Bradford county, and the latter of Wyomino- county. Pa. When eighteen years of age our subject began life for himself at the carpenter's trade, later learned that of a cooper, and for ten years \vas a member of the firm of Gamble Bi-os., manufacturers and dressers of lumber at Sugar Run. He was married January 1, 1877, to Lucinda, daughter of Joseph and Adaline (Rosencrans) Ashcraft, of Wilmot township, this county, and they have had five children, as follows: Elnora, born Mav 13,*^ 1878, and died August 13, 1S90 ; Mabel, born January 3, 1880-^ Mandana, born October 16, 1883; Georgiana, born February 10, 1886, and died March 27, 1889, and Harrison, born August 25, 1888. Mr. Gamble is a member of the I. O. O. F., White Lilly Lodge, Xo. 808; has held the ofSce of constable one year, and in politics is a Republican. NATHANIEL N. GAMBLE was a son of James and Isabella (Nesbit) Gamble, who emigrated from Ireland and came to this counti-y in 1811, settling in Wilmot township, where they remained on thei'^r farm until death, the father dying October lo, 1865, and the mother July 23, 1868. Their children were twelve in number, all born in this country, except the eldest, Margaret, who was brought here with her parents at the age of one year, and who became the wife of Robert Morrow; then comes William ; then John, who-died aged nine- teen; Nathaniel N. was the fourth in order of birth; then came Eliza- beth; Jane (married to David Currier); Joseph; George S.; James S. (who emigrated to Michigan); Abaoail; Debbie H., and J.onathan (last of whom died in infancy). The subject of this sketch was^'eared on his father's farm, where he remained until reaching manhood, and engaged in farming. He was married, in Herrick township, February 21, 1856, to Mary Ann Mitten, daughter of Thomas and Jane (Wood) Mitten, both of Irish blood. Mr. and Mrs. Gamble w^ere the parents of four children; Thomas J., Charles R. (married to Minnie Smith; he died March 27, 1890, leaving a widow and two children), Amelia (Mrs. Fred Dodge, who has two children) and Eliza (died January 29, 1888, aged twenty- three.) Mrs. Nathaniel N. Gamble died in Wilmot township, April 3, 1869. Nathaniel N. Gamble removed to Warren Centre in 1875, and there made his family home until his death, which occurred August 19, 1891, when he was aged seventy-tive years and ten months. Thus it will be seen that the Gamble family were of the early settlers of Brad- ford county, and they long since have been esteemed among the b« of our people ; honorable, industrious and frugal, the immigrants came here poor, but soon carved their way to a competence, and surrounded 828 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUN"TY. their children with all the refining influences of the l)est agricultural life. Miss Debbie II. Gamble is postmistress at Herrick. Nathaniel IST. Gamble Avas postmaster in Wilmot for several years; the postoffice was then called Blainey, and is now called Sugar Run. THOMAS A. GAMBLE, M. D., East Troy, was born in Morris town- ship, Tioga Co., Pa., March 9, 1845, a son of Andrew and Rebecca (Dur- flinger) Gamble, and is of Irish and German descent. The father, who was a native of Clinton county. Pa., was for a number of years ))romi- nently identified with the Imnbei'ing interests of Tioga and Lycoming counties, and died in 1847; his children were fi.ve in number, as follows: Elizabeth (j\[rs. Benjamin Baldwin); Manuel D. (deceased, late a prominent physician of Waverly, N. Y.); George H.; Mercy (Mrs. Edward 11. Ritchei') and Thomas A. Mrs. Gamble married, for her second husband. Gates Wilcox, a prominent lumberman, and in 1855 she removed to Franklin township, this county, and resided there until her death ; by her second marriage she liad two children: Prudence E. (Mrs. Edgar Cole) and Winfield S. The subject of these lines was reared in Franklin township from ten years of age. receiving a com- mon-school education, and at the age of sixteen, upon President Lin- coln's call for troops, he enlisted at Canton, but on account of his vouth his mother refused to allow him to go; he again enlisted, however. June 27, 1863, in Company 1, Forty-seventh P. Y. I., and was honorably discharged from the service August 13, 1863. Soon after- ward he' began the study of medicine, and in 1871 he entered the jMedical Department of the University of PennsA^lvania, at Philadel- phia, where he was graduated in the spring of 1873; in 1874 he located at East Troy, where he has since been in active practice, having established a' lucrative business, and stands among the most successful practitioners in the county. Dr. Gamble was married, in 18(59, to Almeda. daughter of Enoch and Lucy (Snyder) Lloyd, of Lycoming county, Pa. The Doctor is prominently identified with the Masonic Fraternity as a membei- of Troy Lodge, No. 306, F. & A. M., of the Chapter, "Xo. '261 of Troy, also^of the K. T., Commandery No. 64, of Canton; is also a member of Hector Lodge, No. 166, I. O. O. F., of East Troy, and of Gustin Post, G. A. R. For two years he was physician of the County House at Burlington ; politically he is a Republican. R. R. GAREY, proprietor of the " Garey House," Wyalusing, was born in Wyoming county, Pa., September 5, 1833, a son of James W. and Jerusia (Robinson) Garey, the former of whom was a prominent farmer, luml>erman and mill owner of Wyoming countv. They had a famiW of nine children, of whom our subject is the second. II. R. Garev was born and reared on a farm, and his boyhood was passed in assisting his father in agricultural pursuits, in the woods and at the mill, leaving him little time for forming idle habits, and this training well prepared him for a successful and industrious life. He attended the common schools of his neighborhood, and afterward was a student at Harvard University. At the age of twenty -two he began life for himself, ado)>ting farming for his occupation, which he followed exclu- sively until 1865 or 1866, when he began dealing in stock, which, com- l)ined with farming, constituted his business many years. He was an ex- tensive dealer, i)urchasing throughout the counties of Sullivan, Bradford, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 829 "Wvomino' and Tiooa. and iiiiirketud hiscattlcin Wilkcs-IJarre and New York. In 1867 lie purchased his lirst farm, h)cated in the vicinity of Lovelton,Wyomino Co., Pa., where he resided until 1880; thence removed to AVilkes-Barre, and was tliere two years; then proceeded to Mehoop- any, and made that his home until the fall of 1888, when he purchased the old GayJord homestead in Wyahising, this county, whither he came and continued in stock deahiig, till 1891, in which year he opened the " Garey House," wdiich, under the civil and quiet management of its worthy host, assisted by the son, W. E., in the cajiacity of clerk, is fast becoming- a favorite hostehy for the traveling public. This hotel is not a mere stopping place, as so many are, but there will be found what a traveling man so greatly appreciates, a home, cheer and home comforts. Besides the hotel Mr. Garey owns a farm of sevent}?^ acres near Lovel- ton. Pa., beautifully located and well improved. He was united in wedlock. Julv 20, 1865, with Sibyl Vose, a daughter of Oliver Vose, a prominent farmer of Wyoming county. To Mr. and Mrs. Garey were born three children : Helen, Leona and Willard. Mr. Garey is a Dem- ocrat in politics, and filled the office of town burgess one terra, besides various other offices; he has had to make his own way in the world, has always borne the reputation of scrupulous honesty, and has been one of the very successful business men of which Bradford is justly so proud. PE0FES80R C. P. GAEEISON, principal of Say re borough schools, Sayre, is a native of Tioga county, N. Y., and was born October 20, 1849. His father, David R. Garrison, was for many years a successful lumberman and farmer of said county, and at ])resent resides with his son at Sayre. His mother, Abbie C. (Fairbanks) Garrison, died in 1887 in her sixty-second year, and was buried at Franklin, this county — the home of her childhood. Her grandfather took part in the Eevolutionary strug-gle. The Garrison family con- sisted of eight children, of whom Prof, C. P. is the second in order of birth. He was reared in his native county, and received his early education in the common school, and at the Owego Academy. He taught his first term of school in Susquehanna county in 1868, and the next year was called to Franklindale, Bradford county, to take charge of a large ungraded school. He has been princi{)al of the graded school of Monroeton, Barclay, New Albany, this county, and Hills- grove, Sullivan county. Entered the Mansfield State Normal School in 1887, and graduated in June, 1889. He taught mathematics while at this institution. Took charge of the Sayre graded schools in September, 1889, and by his untiring energy has brought the schools to a high standard of excellence. The schools opened the present year with Hfteen teachers and about 800 pupils. Prof. Garrison is a member of the I. O. O. E.; vice-president of the Bradford County Teacher's Institute; secretary of the Board of Examiners for State Certificates, and has recently served as president of the Bradford County Teacher's Association. Politically he is a Republican. Prof. Garrison w^as married in Ulster, this county, August 28, 1873, to Miss Mary Dell, daughter of Ancil and Helen (Holcomb) Olmstead, natives of Ulster township. She was born in Ulster in 1855. To Prof, and Mrs. 830 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Garrison have been born two daughters : Georgia and Jessie. The family attend the Metiiodist Church. PI. B. GAYLORl), merchant, Wyalusing, among tiie ))rominent merchants of tliis place, was born in Wyalusing, June 5, 1847. a son of Henry and Martha (Taylor) Gaylord, and a grandson of Justus Gaylord, one of the pioneers of this section. His parents had a fam- ily of fourteen children, of whom he is the ninth ; his father was a farmer, and one of the most prominent men in religion and educational matters of this section ; he served as justice of the peace here thirty-five years, and for almost that long a time was chorister of the Presbyterian C'hurch ; he died in 1855, leaving a void that no one could fill. H. B. Gaylord was born ant! reared on a farm, and after the building of the Wyalusing Academy, in which he assisted, he finished his education there. Upon reaching his majority, he farmed a short time and then opened a fancy drj^-goods store, having his bi-other S. C (since deceased) associated with him as partner. In connection with the dry- goods business they conducted a branch office for an Eastern Insur- ance Companv; he also received the appointment of postmastei-. After a few j^ears' partnership his brother retired, and he continued in the insurance business, still retaining the postofRce; in January, 1877, he gave up that business, and for about one \'ear taught vocal music; then, in 1878, formed a partnership and conducted a general store in Wyalusing under the firm name of Gaylord, Sumner & Co.; he was with this firm six or seven years, and dissolved, going into busi- ness for himself in the stand he now occupies ; he carries a line of dry- goods and notions and fine shoes, lie was first married to Martha Sumner in October, 1872, daughter of George Sumner, of Spring Hill, and after her death, August, 1879, was married, November 9, 1881, to Isabelle Kintner, daughter of M. S. Kintner, Esq., of Mehoopan3\ The family are members of the Presbyterian Church of Wyalusing; he is a member of the I. O. O. F. and connected witii AVliite Lilly Lodge, No. 872, Wyalusing; also member of the State Encampment; in politics he has always been identified with the Republican party. H. P. GAYLORD, mechanic, Wyalusing, was born m Wyalusing township, this county, August 22, 1853, a son of Joseph and Lorinda (Jayne) Gaylord, the former of whom was of the old (raylord family, who was among the first j)ioneers of the township; the father, who is deceased, was always a farmer, and his late farm is now occupied by the town of Wyalusing; the mother is yet living; tlioir family consisted of tlie following children: IL P., W. W.'( residing in Wyalusing), Minnie R. (married to A. Ruff), J. J. (residing at Sayre), Charles and Emily, (both deceased). II. P. Gaylord was born and reared on a farm, and educated in the common schools, and at Wyalusing Academ3^ When twenty-four years old he began farming for himself; then worked at the carj)enter's trade until 188(), since which time he has been following the trade of stone and brick mason, and stone cutter, and letterer. He has always resided in the township of Wyalusing. Mr. Gaylord has been twice married; first time March 18, 1877, to Hannah A., daughter of Phiio P. Finch, of New Albany; which union was blessed with five children: Lena A., Josie E., Daniel W., Millie S. (deceased) HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 831 and Margaret P. This wife dying- December IS, 18S5, Mr. Gaylord niai-ried March 3, 1887, Harriet M. Jiennett, daughter of William Bennett, of Wyalusing. Mr. Gaylord is a member of the Presbvterian Church, of Wyalusing; also of White Lilly Lodge, No. 808, I. O*^. O. F.; and politically he is a Kepublican. He is a member of the Wyalusino- Cornet Band, in which he has played the baritone for ten years, and is a violin player in the Wyalusing Orchestra. With the rod and line he is one of the most successful fishermen along the Susquehanna. JOSEPH GAYLORD (deceased) was among the early settlers of Bradford county, and a grandson of Justus Gaylord, one of the hardv pioneer settlers of the county. His mother, Mrs. Welthy (York) Gaylord, was a daughter of the York connected with the Wyoming massacre of 1778. The Gaylord history iias become a part' of the history of the count}^, and this family are well knowMi for their many good qualities. Joseph Gaylord's early life was spent on the Gaylord farm, comjH-isinga tract of some 500 acres situated where the borough of Wyalusing now stands. He was reared and educated, and lived on a part of the tract, up to the time of his death, which occurred December 25, 1880. He married Miss Lorinda H. Jaynes, of Monroe county, this State, a daughter of Peter Jaynes, an officer in the War of 1812. They lived a happy life and prospered, and raised a family of six children: H. P. (who is now- a mechanic), W. W. and Minnie R. (now the wife of A. Ruff), all of Wyalusing; J. J., a resident of Say re. Pa.; Charles and Emily are deceased. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church. In politics thev are Republicans. Justus J. Gaylord, youngest son of Joseph and Lorinda H. Gav- lord, w-as born in Wyalusing, this county, January 23, 1803, and is now a resident of Sayre, Pa. He attended the Eastman Business College, at Poughkeepsie, X. Y., in the year 1883. At present he is emploml in the passenger service of the Lehigh Yalley Railroad. N. J. GAYLORD, retired farmer, Wyalusing, was born in AVva- lusing township, October 31, 1840, and is a son of Henry Gaylord. He was born and reared on a farm and educated in the common schools. August 28, 1862, he enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Forty- first Regiment, being one of the first men to enlist in that co)npany, and was made corporal at the organization of the company. Novem- ber, 1863, at the battle of Poolsville, he received a gunshot w^ound in the left hand, and was captured by Stewart's cavalry ; paroled the same day and went to the Patent Office Hospital, and soon after was fur- loughed and came home, where he was attacked by the fevei- and measles. After recovering he returned and was soon discharged, Feb- ruary 27, 1863, after which he served for one year in Gen. Ruckner's commissary department; then returned home and began farming and lumbering, and followed farming until 1886, when, receiving a para- lytic stroke, w-hich disabled his left side, he was compelled to retire from active life. He was married October 14, 1868, to Julia M. Lewis, daughter of Edwin and Polly (Lathrop) Lewis, and to them have been born six children, viz.: Edward W., printer, born May 16, 1871; George L., a teacher and clerk in store, born August 8, 1872 ; Bert A. and Bertha A. (twins), born June 29, 1875; E. Mott, born April 9, 832 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUXTY. 1879, and Martha, born July 27, 1SS3. The family worship at the Presbyterian Cliurch. He is a member of Jackson Post. No. 74, G. A. R., and is past commander; is a member of the I. (). O. F., and one of the first men of this section to become a member, joining tlie Order at Camptown ; he has passed all the chairs, and is a member of the State Grand Lodge; is a Republican, and has filled the various town offices, and has been school director since the establishment of the borough: is also president of the board of cemetery trustees, which office be has filled since 1882. JULIUS GEE, farmer, P. O. Granville Centre, was born in Penn- sylvania. July 27, f845, and is a son of James and Mehitable (Ralyea) Gee. His paternal grandfather, Samuel Gee, formerly of Cortland county, N. Y., was among the early settlers of Granville township, where he located on the farm now occupied by R. D. I>ailey, but in later life removed to Potter county and died there ; his wife was Han- nah Hopkins. The father of our subject was a native of Portland county, N. Y., but came to Granville in earh' manhood with his par- ents, and started life for himself on the farm now owned by our sub- ject, and most of wliich he cleared and improved. He died there in August, 1875, in his fifty-sixth year ; he reared a family of three chil- dren : Sarah (Mrs. Gilbert Baxter), Mary (Mrs. W.'J. Smith) and Julius. The latter was reared on the old homestead from three years of age, and succeeded to the same upon his father's deatn. In 1876 he mari'ied (^lara, daughter of Hiram and Elise (Smith) Every, of Leroy township, and has one ado]ited daughter, Lottie. He is a member of the Church of Christ, the P. of H.. and in politics is a Republican. J. VALENTINE GEIGER, gunsmith, Towanda, was born in Towanda, this count}', October 5, 1832, a son of John E. and Sarah A. (Shockey) Geiger, and is of German descent. His father was a native of Sun bury, Pa., and a son of John V. and .Catherine Geiger, the former a native of Germany and the latter of Carlisle, Pa. The father was reared in Readino;. Pa., learned the o:unsmith trade in Williamsport, and later worked as a journeyman in various sections of the country. In 1830 he settled in Towanda, and established the first place for the manufacture and sale of guns in the county (his shop being on the site where Rosenfield's store now stands), and continued in business until his retirement in 1857; he died in August, 1878, aged seventy-eight years. J. A^alentine, who was the only child who grew to maturity, was reai-ed in Towanda and learned the gunsmith trade with his father, with whom he worked until the hitter's retirement in 1857, when he succeeded to the business, which he has since conducted. It was established sixty-one years ago, and is probably the oldest con- cern conducted by father and son in Bradfoi'd county. Mr. Geiger was twice married; his first wife was Luc}', daughter of John Wough- ter, of Union, N. Y., and by her he had one son. Fred W.; his second wife was Martha N., daughter of ]\Iai'k (/. Arnot, of Towanda, for many years a prominent tanner of the place. At the organization of the Franklin Fire ('ompany No. 1, of Towanda, in 1851, Mr. Geiger became a member, has held all the positions in the gift of the company, and is still on the active list, and the oldest member of the fire depart- HISTORY OF I? RAD FORD COUNTY. tS33 ment of Towaiula. He is a well-known representative citizen of Bradford county; he was elected secretary of the Central liepublican Club in 1856, and has held it up to the present time ; for several years has been, and is now, the secretary of the Republican County Com- mittee, and is known to be well posted on all Bradford county political matters. Mr. Geiger has hosts of friends outside of his own party, and his genial disposition will continually add to the number. He has never asked for any party office, and after long years of service says he IS always ready to assist his friends, and have all the fun there is in politics. S. A. GENUNG, proprietor of lumber yard, Waverly, Tioga Co., K Y., is a native of Tioga county, N. Y., born November 15^1848; he is a son of Nathaniel and Lydia L. (Stuart) Genung, natives of Tompkins county, N. Y., who removed to Tioga county about the year 1835, when it was all a wild wood. The father, who was a farmer and bridge and barn builder, died in Tioga countv in 1878, in his sixty -sixth year; the mother is now m her seventy-eighth year, remarkable for her health and constitutional activity, and has never worn glasses. Grandfather Stuart was a soldier in the War of 1812. S. A. Genung is the sixth in a family of ten children, all of whom are living. He was reared on a farm, received a good common-school education, and when eighteen went to Cortland, N. Y., to work at his trade of carjienter and joiner, which he followed six years; then engaged in contracting, building and jobbing in lumber. In 1868 he removed to Waverly, and in 1879 started his lumber yard, where he is at present. He was married in Waverlv, in September, 1870, to Miss Emma, daughter of Samuel and Delilah (Brown) Howell, natives of Tompkins county, N. Y. (she is the fiftli in a familv of seven children, and was born in Barton, Tioga Co., N. Y., May 3, 1848). To this marriage was born one child, which died in infancy. Tliev have an adopted daughter, Mabel. Mr. Genung is a mendjer of the F. & A. M., Waverly Lodge, No. 407, Knights of Honor, and has passed the chairs in the Order (is district deputy at the present time; has represented the Order in the Grand Lodge) ; a member of the Knights and Ladies of Honor (which he has represented in the Grand Lodge); of the Empire Order of Mutual Aid (has represented the Order at the Grand Lodge seven times, and is now district dei)utv) ; a mem- ber of the Masonic Relief Association, Royal Ark and Sexennial League ; was a member of the school board six years in South Waverlv borough, Pa., and served as secretary three years, and treasurer of the board three years, during that time.' Politically he is a Democrat. JOHN P. GERNERT, farmer, P. O. Columbia Cross Roads, was born m Columbia township, this countv, October 5, 1823, and is a son of William and Deboi-ah (Clapp) Gernert. His paternal grandparents, Peter and Ann (Budd) Gernert, natives of Germany, immigrated to Philadelphia, where they Avorked out their passage money, married, and in 1786 settled at Tioga Point, this countv, and in 1802 removed to Columbia township. II is maternal grandfather, Clapp, was of French descent, and a pioneer of Bradford countv. William Gernei't was born in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1784, was "reared in Bradford 834 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. county, and spent most of his life in Columbia township, where, with the assistance of his sons, he cleared several farms and died there at the age of eighty-four. John P. Gernert was reared in Columbia township, received a common-school education, and has always followed farming. In January, 1859, he married Martha, daughter of Jolm and Jerusha McMuUen, of Columbia township, and has four children : William A., Stephen C, Seth M. and Charles W.; he is a representa- tive farmer and leading citizen ; politically he is a Republican. STEPHEN C. GERNERT, farmer, Columbia Cross Roads, was born in Columbia township, this county, February C, 1863. and is a son of John P. and Martha (McMuUen) Gernert. He was reared in his native township, where he has always resided, and was educated at Troy High School, where he graduated in 1881 ; then taught school several terms, and in 1881: embarked in the hay and grain business at Columbia Cross Roads, in which he successfully continued six years, and has been since engaged in farming. He married, October 16, 1890, Bertha B., daughter of Dr. A. M. Ingham, of Burlinoton, this countv. Mr. Gernert is one of the popular citizens of Columbia town- ship; he is now holding the office of constable and collector, which he has held several terms ; was school director one term, secretary of school board one year, and president of the board one year; in politics he is a Rej)ublican. STEPHEN G. GERNERT, a farmer, Columbia Cross Roads, was born in Columbia township, this county, June 14, 1826, a son of William and Deborah (Clapp) Gernert. His paternal grandfather was Peter Gernert, of P'rench parentage, who located at Tioga Point, prior to 1800, and in 1802 in Columbia township; later he went West and was never afterward heard from ; his wife, Ann (Budd) was a native of Philadelphia, of German parentage, and by her he had nine children : Polly, Kate, William, Andrew, Barbara, Armenda, Casper, Sally and Solomon Clay. The father of our subject in early life cleared and improved a farm near Austinville, now occupied 1)\' his sons; he als(^ cleared land adjoining, and died on the farm Stephen resides on at Columbia Cross Roads, he was the father of five children : Esther A., William H., Nathaniel A., John P. and Stephen G. Our subject was reared in Columbia township, where he has always resided, and has followed agricultural pursuits. On September 29. 1858. he married Hannah T., daughter of John G. and Asenath S. (Cox) McCarrick, of Springfield townshij), and formerly of Deckertown, Sussex county, N. J. Mr. (lerneit is an enterprising citizen of ('olumbia township; he isa member of the I. O. O. I., and in politics is a Republican. WILLIAM E. GERNERT, of the firm of Strong cV: Gernert, general merchants, Columbia Cross Roads, was born in Columbia town- ship, this county, January 28, 1848, and is a son of Wilham II. and ]\Iaria (Ilowland) Gernert. His paternal grandfather, William Gernert, was a son of Peter Gernert, a ])ioneer of Tioga Point and Columbia townshi]); the wife of P(;tei' (iernert was Ann Budd. and the wife of AVilliam Gernert was Deborah Clapj). William (Tcrnert cleareil sev- eral farms in (]olumi>ia township, and di(Ml there. William II. Gernert, lather of William E., was born in Athens township, September 19, HISTORY OF 1?I{AI)F0I{I) COUNTY. 835 1819, and was reared in Columbia township, wdiere he now resides, engaged in farming; his wife was a daughter of Malachi and Jane (Mason) Howland, of Columbia township, and by her he has four children : William E., Charles IT., Esther (Mrs. Frank Bullock) and Mary D. (]\[rs. James H. Strong). William E. Gernei-t was reared in Colum- bia township, educated in the common schools, and was engaged in farming until 1889, when he became a member of the firm of Strong iSc Gernert, dealers in general merchandise, Columbia Cross Roads. In 1872 he married Belinda, daughter of Hiram and Helen (Sherman) Chace, of Springfield township, and they have seven children : Gladys, Fannie, Grace, Warren, Harry, Lizzie and William H. Mr. Gernert is an enterprising business man and representative citizen ; politically he is a Republicci.n. SAMUEL W. GEROULD, farmer. East Smithfield, was born in Smithfield, May 3, 1829, a son of James and Lois (Wood) Gerould. The father, a farmer and blacksmith, was born in Kewtown, Conn., May 5, 1784, and was first lieutenant, captain and then quartermaster in the State militia, and postmaster and justice of the peace in Smith- held. Jabez Gerould, his grandfather, a blacksmith, was born in AVrentham, Mass.. November 1, 1748; was a soldier in the Revolution- ary War, and at the battle of Bunker Hill, for valiant service, was made captain. Our subject's maternal grandfather was also a soldier in the Revolution and one of the men who took Maj. Andre, the English sp\', into Washington's camp. Mr. Gerould was a cabinet- )naker in early life, and carried on that business at Smithfield Centre until 1855. when he moved to the farm he now owns of 150 acres. He was married, June 16, 1853, to Ann Ophelia, daughter of Truman and Ruth (L)uri'ey) Beach, and who was born May 2U, 1832. There have been born to them eight children, as follows: Afton B., born May 29, 1854; Flora E., born September 14,1856; Laura Maria, born February 13, 1860, married to Warren Craig; Ruth Ida, born May 24, 1863, died March 29, 1886; Annie Lucelia, born July 20, 1865; "Martin E., born September 24, 1869; Truman Wood, born September 2, 1871; Grace Ophelia, born November 21, 1874. Mr. Gerould is a careful and studious gentleman and successful in all his enterprises; he is a Republican in politics. The family are members of the Disciple Church. JOHN F. GILLETTE, farmer, P. O. Gillett, was born in Mason- ville, Delaware Co., N. Y., in March, 1817, a son of Asa and Laura (Osborn) Gillette, the former born in Litchfield county, Conn., the lat- ter in Massachusetts. Asa Gillette was the son of Asa, a Revolution- ary soldier, who joined the army when only fourteen years of age, and served until the close of the war, being present when Cornwallis sur- rendered to Washington. Asa, Jr., removed from Masonville, N. Y., in 1833. locating in what is now Gillett, in this county, then a vast wilderness. Jesse Moore was the first settler, and built a log grist- mill, one of the stones for which is now in use as a "horse block." Rulofi" Bovere was the next pioneer to come into South Creek. Asa, Gillette came to tljis county for the pui'pose of manufacturing tiinbei', and purchased a sawmill of Judge SmJth, of Painted Post, which was 836 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. built three years previously, iuul in which he luul an interest. Mr. Gillette continued this business thirty -three years; he was a man of influence, a leading sj)irit in moral, spiritual and business matters, one to whom all looked up. He was an active member and deacon of the Ba})tist Church ; was postmaster a number of years, and also served as town clerk. In 1865 he met with an accident that proved fatal, the dislocation of his hip joint. His great desire was to see the war close before he died. His family consisted of four children, all of whom gvew to maturit\', and three are now living. John F., who is the second member of the family, was reared and educated at the common school in Masonville. At Southport. N. Y,, October 2, 1839, he mar- ried Phebe C, daughter of Asa and Mercy Moore, and, October 2, 1889, thev celebrated their golden wedding. To them \»ere born four children: Emilv E., married to George H. Denham ; Mary M., mar- ried to Philander L. Pettingill ; Sarah J., married to Charles T. Fitch, and Asa iST., who died in 1865. Mr. Gillette is an extensive lumber- man, employing a number of men continualh\ His farm consists of 550 aci-es, nearly all under imjirovement. He has the entire confidence of his fellow-citizens, and was elected to represent Bradford coujity for two sessions in the Legislature ; has held the office of justice ot" the peace twelve years ; postmaster, four years ; was deacon of the Bap- tist Church twenty-five years, and follows in the footsteps of his father as a leading spirit for good. Politicallv, he is a Republican. CHARLES E. GLADDING, farmer, P. O., Altus, was born August 2, 1833, in Columbia township, this count3% on the farm he now owns and occupies, and is a son of Joseph and Marcy (Bullock) Ghidding. The father, who was a native of Barrington, R. I., located in Smithfield, this county, in 1816, and in 18 IT settled in Columbia township, where he cleared and improved the farm occupied by subject, on which he lived until his death, which occurred when he was in his ninetieth year. His wife was a daughter of Asa and Jerusha (Allen) IJullock, and by her he had seven children, sixol whom grew tomatu- ity : Jerusha B. (]\[rs. James M. Edsall), Emeline I. (Mrs. E. P. Shaw), Joseph N., Viall A., William P. and Charles E., George Wil- liam having died in childhood. Charles E. Gladding was reared on the old homestead where he has always resided. lie was in the Civil AVar, enlisting August 14, 1862, and was commissioned first lieutenant of Company L), One Hundred and Thirty -second Pennsylvania Volun- teers. He ])articipated in the battle of Chancelloi-sville. and Avas iionorably discharged after nine month's service. In November, 1875, he married N. Louisa, daughter of William G. Alger, of Towanda, and they have one daughter, Cecele E. Mr. Gladding is a prominent farmer of Columbia township. He is a member of the F. & A. M., (t. a. R. and P. of II. Politically he is a Republican, and was register and recorder of Bradford county for one tei'm of three years. L. R. GLEASON, tanner. Canton, is a native of I'olton, AVarren Co., N. v., born November 16, 1S29, a son of Jacob and Sarah (Eaton) Gleason, natives of Vermont. The fathei", who was a ])i-ominent far- mer, was born in 1796, and in early life removed to New Voi'k, where he was nuirried; then came to Canton, where he died in 1869; the HISTORY OF r?UADFORD COUNTY. 837 mother died in the same pkice in January, 1881, aged eighty-six 3'ears. The great-grandfather, Jacob Gleason, was a Revohitionary soldier, and in the service along with him were three of his sons; the maternal grandfather, Brigham Eaton, was also a Revolutionary soldier, and was at the battle of Bunker Hill. Jacob and Sarah Gleason had a family of five children, four of whom died in infancy, L. R. Gleason was tlie second in the order of birth, and when he was but a hid his parents removed to Oswego county, N. Y., where they remained uijtil he reached the age of ten 3'ears, when they moved to Canton, and here he commenced attending the public schools, alternating his studies with labor about the home. He so remained until he was nineteen years old, when he engaged in lumbering on his own account, which he followed until 18G8. He pushed his l)usiness successfully, and at times had as many as 150 employes, and made his headquarters at Williams- port. He then changed his business and opened a tannery in Canton, in which he is now engaged, also owning and operating an extensive tannery at North P)end, Clinton Co., and also one at Driftwood, Cameron Co., same State. Mr. Gleason was twice married : first time in 1852, in Tioga county, to IVIartha Irvin, daughter of Benjamin and Prudence (Dunbar) Irvin, of Lehigh county, Pa., in the family of whose ten children she was the third in the order of birth, born in Lehigh county, in 1.833, and died May 15, 1880, the mother of a large family, as fol- lows: The eldest three died in infanc\% and the others surviving are as follows: Irvin, married to Jose]ihine Haines, is now manager of the North Bend tannery ; John, luarried to Harriet Ilurv, is connected with the Driftwood tannery ; leRoy, married to Minnie Bessie ]\[ut- terbaugh, is at Driftwood ; Charles, married to Minnie Rur\', is also at Driftwood, and James is at the paternal home. Mr, Gleason's second marriage was with Mrs. B3'ron W. Chirk, of Canton. They are mem- bers of the Baptist Church; in his political faith he is a Prohibitionist, and has served four terms as school director, and one term in the council of Canton ; has been many 3'ears a Freemason, and is a mem- ber of Canton Lodge, No -115. RUFUS B. GLEASON, farmer in Springfield township, P. O. Big Pond, was born April 20, 1843, in Binghamton, N. Y., a son of Lemuel C. and Bertha (Hosier') Gleason, the former of whom was also a native of Binghamton, and the latter of Vermont. The father removed to this county in 1853, and settled at Big Pond; he was a mason bv trade, as well as a farmer, and lived to the age of sixt3'-five vears. The mother's family were among the eai'lN' settlers of Spring- field ; she is still living at the age of seven t3^-three. Rufus B. Gleason, who is one of four children, was reared on his father's farm and edu- cated in the schools of the township. At the age of twenty-three he embarked in mercantile trade at Big Pond, which he continued five 3'ears, and has since followed farming. He was first married, Feb- ruary 20, 1805, to Mary L. French, who died February 15, 1807, and his second marriage was March 31,1808, with Matilda Decker, who was born July 10, 1848, a daughter of Addison and Emeline (Hill) Decker, natives of Elmira, N. Y. Mrs. Gleason was the fourth in a family of eleven children — seven daughters and four sons — ten of whom grew to 48 838 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. maturitv. The father died in 1 883, and the mother in 1878, at the acre of fiftv-five vears. Mr. and Mrs. Gleason have had born to them live children, as tuUows : Curtis L., born February 13, 1871 ; Richard A., born Januarv 26. 1873; Marv E., born July 28, 1876; Hattie I., born June 12, 1879; Mildred A., born Auo-ust 7, 1885. Mr. Gleason has made his own way in the woi'ld, and by perseverance and mdustry has become the owner of a fine farm of 140 acres, his principal interests being dairving and stock-raising. In politics he is an Inde- pendent, and he has been a justice of the peace, constable and col- lector, and has been entrusted with other offices of public trust. He is a member of the Patrons of Ilusbandiw ; is a kind father and husband, and a worthv neighbor. ^ . • HENRY A. GLOVER, physician and surgeon, Windham Centre, is a native of Tioga county, N. Y., born June 10, 1851, and is a son of Anson B , and Lois M. Burton, natives of New York, where the father died in 1889, and the mother is now living. They were eminently respectable people of the agricultural class. They reared nine children, of whom the subject of this brief sketch is the seventh in order of birth He spent his childhood on his father's farm; at a young age attended the public schools of the vicinitv, and was then sent to Owego Academy. Completino- his literary education, he entered the office of Dr. H. N. Eastman, as a student of medicine, where he remained diligently atten- dino- to his books two vears, or until Dr. Eastman's death, when he was transferred to the office of the hitter's son, Dr. Robert Eastman, and was in his office as student about one year, when he attended lectures at the Buffalo Medical Universitv, where he graduated. He then moved to Chenango county, N. Y., where he engaged in the practice of his profession, and in the latter part of 1882 he came to Windluim, where he has continued in active practice, and enjoys an extended patronac^e Here is a line example of what a poor farmer's boy can do when he so determines. Dr. Glover made his own way in the wor d, even paving his own expenses at school, and has prospered wonderfully. His farm of 108 acres, well-improved and in a high state of culti- vation, has on it a fine display of improved stock. Here is the famous brood mare " Lizzie Carmalt," among whose colts are ^'Meltonian a Messencrer that at five years of age made the time of 2:36^ after but two months' handlino-. Dr. Glover ami Mrs. Knapp, daughter of Alexander and Frances Pitcher, were united in wedlock January 3, 1884 Mrs Glover died suddenlv. April 2, 1S91. Dr. Glover, as was his wife, is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics he is in svmpatliv with the Republican ])arty. L S GOFF, farmer and stock grower, P. O. Kome, was born iii Rome borough, this count v, August 9, 1843, and is a son of Lewis and Charlotte M. (Tavlor) (Joff, the former a native of Connecticut, born March 19 1805, the latter born in this county, January 16, 1820; they were married March 27, 184(). and had four children: L. S.; George Malon, born Januarv 2, 1S47, died in infancy: Theodore M. born February 8, 1849. killed bv falling through a bridge with a load ol lumber, June 6, 18«;3: and Francis E., l)orn June 12. 1853, o i>utlal.. (;randfather Samuel D. GotI was born April 9, 17<;r.. and married HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 839 November 23, 1T86, to Dorothy Hill, who was born June 3(», 1768, and they had the following cliildren : Sallie, boi'n November 7, 1787, married to Sylvester Barns, and left numerous descendants now resid- ing in Rome; Thankful, born August 23, 1790, married to Elby Stevens, died May 16, 1824: David, born June 20, 1794, died in infancy; Anson, born June 11, 1797; Lewis, father of subject; Laura, born May 15, 1807, died in Iowa in 1886; Mary, born November 6, 1810, died Mav 16, 1831. The father makes his home with his son on the old homestead, and is eighty-six years of age, liale and hearty. Mr. Goff was one of the pioneer lumbermen of this section, and built several sawmills on BuUard creek ; he followed rafting down the river many years; he also operated a distillery in early times; he would give two "gallons of whisky in exchange for sixty barrels of rye. The gentle- man whose name heads this sketch spent his early life on his father's farm, attending school at Tlome until nineteen years of age ; then worked on his father's mills on his farm during the summer, antl when twenty-one years old he set out for himself as a farmer, which occupa- tion he has since followed. He has been twice married: first time, March 16. 1862, to Jane L. Bailey, who died August 2, 1870, and by this marriage there were two children : Delia H.. born February 25, 1863; Berton L., born January 1, 1866. Mr. Goflf married (the secon(l time), November 27, 1871, Lydia A., daughter of l>reamus and Eliza- beth (Dresser) Ells, former a native of Illinois, latter -of Wysox, this county ; Mrs. Lydia A. Goff lived in Illinois until she was eighteen. Mr. and Mrs. Goff have had two children : Leon L., born March 6, 1875, died February 12, 1876, and Lizzie May, born May 13, 1877, residing with her parents. Mr, Goff owns the old homestead which contains seventy acres of well-improved land. The family are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in his political views Mr. Goff is a stanch Republican. E. G. GOODING, a farmer and stock-grower, P. O. Hornbroolc, w^as born in Sheshequin toAvnship, this county, March 10, 1825, a son of George and Jane (Smith) Gooding. The father was born in Devonsiiire, England, and came to this country in 1820, being 3'et unmarried, and located in Sheshequin on a farm where he spent the remainder of his days, dying in May. 1875, aged eighty -one. The mother was born in Yarmouth. England, and came to this country a few years after the father, locating with her parents in Sheshequin ; she died in 1871, aged seventy-seven. Mr. and Mrs. George Gooding had a family of two children: E. G. and a daughter, Millina, who died aged twenty. E. G. Gooding was reared on the farm, received his education in the common schools of Ulster and Sheshequin, and acquired a fair education for the period. He remained on the farm with his father, and now occupies the old homestead, the greater part of the improvements thereon being built by himself. He was married in 1848, to Mahaley. daughter of James and Bessie (Sickle) Kipp, and of this union were born five children, as follows: George P., married to Susie Emery, and they have two sons. Harry and Otta; Lucian F., married to Ida Towner, daughter of J. Towner, and they have one daughter, Bertha; Ellsworth, married to Ella Morris, daughter of 840 HISTORY OF HRVDFORl) COUNTY. J D Morris, and thev have one son, R. Morris ; Jennie, married to Theodore McAfee, and William E., remaining single. In political matters, Mr. Gooding votes the Ilepublican ticket. ABRAHAM GORE, retired farmer, Sheshequin, was born m bhc- shequin valley, this county, July 31, 1822, and is a son of Abraham L. and^SUlie (Kennedv) Gore, the former of whom was a son of Samuel Gore the thither of ^ two sons and four daughters: Harriet, mamed to Wi Ham J Lint, and is now dead; Fanny W., married to William Bu llof Pond Hill; Abraham; C. C, of ^^^^ ^ ^^;J^^'\'^ Horace B. Chaffee, and Lucy A., married to Boyn Chaffee. Bu^t Je^^ names of the Revolutionarv fathers are more illustrious than that of the Go?e family. Abraham Gore spent his boyhood on he noted Esqu ?e Gore farm, and attended school in the neighborhood, but S'the eldest he had to work hard from the time he was old enough to mdoe the field. The father died while Abraham was yet small and he was left the main support of a widowe^l mother and his smallei brothers and sisters, but he struggled and did "^^ f ow wea^^. At the ao-e of twenty-six he was married and commenced life for liimsel Tl^ f^rm he now owns, containing seventy-one acres well-improNed laml was inherited bv him from his grandfather, but he has made the Movements; when' it came to him it was covered with a heavy •iwth of pitch pine, oak and chestnut, which he converted into lum- ber he has now retired from active farming, and his son Abraham L manacr s it. He married, February 22, 1849, Eliza Jane daughter of JoSb. and Charlotte (Goodwin) Marshall, ;;;^;;- ^^eS X county The fruits of this marriage were five child en . Reetl, \M o d^y aged welve; Charlotte E., who died aged two ; WallacMN --^^ed ^o Fmma Chaffee; Albert, of Elmira; Abraham L., married to Eh/a Ann KZidv Mr Gore iL a Universalist in religion, a member of he J O o / Valley Lod-e, and has passed all the chairs, being among the L es Odd Fe lows of- t he township, having joined the Lodge at Athens ?ortffor years a^^^ he is a Republican. When he lirst occupied ht^^i;:^^;^: 'no roads in Ihe neighborhood and but lew og houses and the whole face of the country was wild. Abialam L. Gore ills son now occupies the old homestead ; he was born May 2d, 1^ 1 ' ar ^" August 14, 1887 ; he attended school in the Sheshequin valley, and is a prominent farmer of the county; in faith a Lniver.al- ist and in politics a Jiepublican. , ■ ci c,i... 'CHARLES F. GORE, farmer, Sheshequm. was 1h>';" )" ,^''^^1,:^- cuin township, this countv, June 18, 1858. and is a son ol C. C Go e, .Ira idsono Abraham Gore, and a g'-eat-grandson o ^aiiiue Go e who settled in Sheshecpiin shortly after his brother. Judge Oba .ah G?e. Abraham (4ore is one of six children of Samuel (^^'^^l^f ou; C. Gore is the fourth child of Al-raluun (^,re The mo^^^^^^^^^^^ subject was Eli/a Ann Lucky (^ore, born in New Jersey his athe. had ;^Ssly married Celia OUls am. bv th s -ayru.ge had U.r^ ch - Iren, of whom two died in early l.le. Abraham !.. Go.e ^"'^^ "?; f^ Irss'con.l marriage there were three c-hildivn : (Charles K, iMam.s M wZdied November 1?,, 1889; and Joseph ()., who died NovemlM-i 2:} 1890 F ancis was killed in a sawmill in Overton township, being HISTORY OF lUiADFOUl) COINTY. 841 struck in the face by u slab that was burled witli oroat force by the machinery; he was taken to Say re Hospital wiiere he died, living' only six days, llis father resides in Say re ; his mother died April 4, 1888. On November 20, 1890, Charles F. Gore opened a, grocery store in the central portion of Sheshequin valley, in the building owned by W. H. H. Gore^and carried a full line of groceries, cigars and tobacco, also a general assortment for country trade, and has done a prosperous business. In the spring of 1891 he moved on the homestead of his grandfather, Abmham Gore, a part of the Samuel Gore estate. He was married October KJ, 1881, to Augusta M., daughter of William and Permelia (Horton) Tuttle, of Litchfield township, both natives of Bradford county. Pa., and he has one child, William C, now aged seven. The family worship at the IJniversalist Church ; Mr. Gore is a member of the E. A. U., Lodge No. 13, Shesiiequin, and secretary of the Lodge; his political views are Republican. MAJOR W. 11. H. GORE, farmer, Sheshequin. The ancestor of the Gores in the United States was John (Tore, who immigrated to Roxbury, Mass., from England in 1635, and history shows that he was a man of some importance, and was the first town clerk of Roxbury. He had a family of ten children, all born in Massachusetts, except the two eldest who were born in England before the immigration of their parents. Samuel who Avas the youngest child, and the ancestor from which W. H. H. Gore is descended, a carpenter bv trade, married, August 28, 1672, Elizabeth, dau^diter of John Weld;'he died July 4, 1692, and left a family of seven children. The third child, Samuel, born October 20, 1681, in Roxbury, Mass., a yeoman, married and had six children, the youngest of whom Obadiah, the direct ancestor of Maj. Gore, was born in Roxbury, July 26, 1T14; came to Pennsylvania and located at Wilkes- Barre in 1768; Wixs married in Plainfield county. Conn., to Hannah Parks, and had the following named children: Obadiah (who was well known as ''Judge (Tore,"' of this county), Asa, Silas (who was father of Maj. Gore's grandmother), Samuel, George, Daniel, John, Sallie (who married a Mr. Murphy) and another sister who married a Mr. Bidlack. [See chapter on ''Revolutionary War,'' on a preceding page, in this volume.] Obadiah, the great-grandfather of our subject, was born in Norwich, Conn., April 7, 1744; married Ann Avery; had the following named children : Avery (grandfather to subject), Wealthy, Hannah, Anna and Sallie. Obadiah Gore was in the Continental Ai'my during the Revolution, and was absent with his compan}^ on the New York frontier at the time of the battle of Wyoming, thus escaping the fate of so many of his family, Asa, Silas and George being killed, also Mur[)hy and Bidlack, brotljers-in-lavv. He returned to Wyoming after the massacre ; was with Gen. Sullivan in his expedition up the Sus- quehanna, holding a lieutenant's commission and serving on Gen. Sullivan's staff. The army camped two days at the mouth of a small creek on the land now owned by Maj. Gore, aw^aiting their boats. Obadiah then became impressed with the beauty of the valley, and determined, on his return to ))rivate life, to make his home here. He served during the entire war in Washington's army, and at its close came to this county, locating and building his first house on the land g^2 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. now owned bv L. J. Culver. He was many years a justice of the neace and was iudo-e of Luzerne county upon its oroanization ; also levied two terns i ^the Pennsylvania Legislature ; he built the second m 11 in the countv, and the first frame barn. In his dav he was the /oremost man of'the county ; a very lion in courao-e and a -man m tenderness and charity, lie passed quietly away in 1821, lull of ^ eais '"'Aven^Gore, grandfather of the Major, .-as born in Plainfield, Conn , iinuary \o, 1765. He was when a lad in F^Hyort dicing the Wyoming massacre, and, armed with a pitcli-tork, stood iead> to oppose his feeble strength against the red butchers. When nineteen ?Srsol he settled at^Shesheciuin with his father and was associated i ith him in nearlv all his business transactions. He was a member of e m litia, where he received his military title. He married his cousin Luc Gore daughter of Silas Gore, an extensive speculator in land ^rtheXk postmaster at Sheshequin. held all the town ofhces, and '"l3^!;^!^lKiore>e Major's father, was theseyentlichildof Ave.w and I ucv Gore He was thoroughly educated in the Sheshequin schools, ancfaftrrw^^^^^^ at Wilkes-Barre ; he became a dealer ,n lumber, .na a me ant ; held all the township offices, but for the past or y years he has been devoted to his farm. He was married October 15 1834 to Matilda daughter of Ebenezar Shaw, and had a family as fol Joans . WH II Amelia (deceased), D.W., Marion A. (deceased). Mortimer ""'"^l^^Jt^^^^r 16, 1835 on tlie farm now owne. by lis father, was educated in the schools of Sheshequin, and atte i- I'datthe 'academy of Towanda. and -^ Athens taking a course in classics and practical surveying. Leaving school at the age of nmc teen, he clerked one and one-half years; then was three }es ma^ drug store, after which he went West, and na^is in a whole ale drug houle at Peoria, 111., one year; then went to ^^^''gf/i'^^^^'.^^^'ro^^^^'^ f,^ and was engaged in the drug business there one year ; celling out he returned to Pennsvlvania, and again clerked for a time, ^n ^Pnl J. 1861, he enlisted at the first call for volunteers, '"Company I Six Pennsvlvania Reserves, Army of the Potomac. ."« ^.^^^^^ '" ^^" ,; battles in which his regiment l>artKMpated,begnining u h O^^^^^^^^^ and ending with Bethesda Church at C^old ^^f ^«^' ' ; f.^ 1/%^ nviior Tidv 1 1863 ami brevet lieut.colonel, Septembei 10, Ibt.b, r'allan LrvMces in 'he battles of the Wilderness and Spottsy van.a. le was mustered out June 11, 1864, and is an invalid pens.one -^ On his return to private life he opened a store >" towanda, wh.^^^^^^^^^^ so^ out in 1870; Ihen returned to the old l-"nestead at ^^^^f^^ was there two years, engaged in settUng the estate of a ^»ece< se unct^ after which, in 1873, he'^-emoved to his present ••esidence Majo G e was appointed, in 1874, to the railroad mad service, «" ^h^ L^'^'f/^ Yallev and Erie Railroads, and was in that }M,s,tion until 1880 He was inarried Februarv 15, 1860, to Cynthia M, daughter of Joel < ml Maria ((;ooda]e) Farnham, former a native of [>^f g*^' ^, .};;:^"^l ^.^ ter of Sheshequin, the family of whom consisted of hve children, Mis. HISTORY OF RRADFOUI) COLNIY. 843 Gore being the third ; she received iier' (Mhication in the hig-h school, also at the acadeiiiv at Owego, and spent sevei-al years teaching. 'J'o Major and JMrs. Gore have been born two children: Henry W., born November 29, 1860 (married to Ilattie liodgers, of Towanda), and Eliza May. Major Gore is a member of the Universalist Church, and secretary of the board of trustees of that body ; Mrs. Goie is a mem- ber of the Episcopal Church. The Gore family are nearly ail Univer- salists in belief. The Major is a Sir Knight Templar, and a member of Union Lodge. No. 1(>S, F. & A. M.. and has tilled the chair of wor- shi})ful master and high priest, etc.; is also a member of the L O. O, F., Valley Lodge, No. 446, Sheshecjuin ; has |\assed all the chairs and taken degree of State Encam])ment ; is a member of Perkins Post, No. 202, G. A. R., of Athens, ami is past commander of Watlvins Post, No. 68, Towanda; is a member of the Union Veteran Legion of Sayre, and past col. commander of same ; is a member of the E. A. U., Sheshe- quin Division, No. 13: also of the Daughters of Rebecca, No 117, Sheshequin, and is secretary of same. Politically, he is a Republican, and has held the offices of school director, constable, assessor, tax col- lector, and others. A13EL L.GORSLINE, farmer, Wysox township, P.O. Wickizer,was born in Orwell, this county, March 7, 1837, and was the seventh of the nine children born to Pomeroy and Charlotte (Lawrence) Gorsline, the former a native of Vermont and of German origin, the latter a native of New York, of English lineage. Abel L. remained with his father on the farm until September 4, 1864, when he enlisted in Company G, Two Hundred and Seventh P. V. I., and was mustered out upon the dis- bandment of his regiment at Arlington Heights, May 22, 1865, Soon after returning from the army he located on his present home, which he inherited fi'om his father, and where he has since resided. July 3, 1876, Mr. Gorsline married Miss Charlotte, daughter of Ezaciah and Ann (Simmins) Gorsline, natives of New York. They have one child, Abel L., Jr., born August 27, 1889. Mr. Gorsline is a member of the Wesleyan Methodist Church, the G. A. R. Post at Rome, and politically is a Republican. IRA A. GOULD, farmer, of Warren township, P. O. Warren Centre, was born in Susquehanna county. Pa., May 21, 1842; a son of James and Rhoda (Hanghton) Gould, natives of New Hampshire and Vermont, respectively, and of English stock. The father, who was a carpenter and joiner, came to this county in 1828, and settled in War- ren township; he died June 16, 1872, and his widow now resides in Michigan. They had ten children, of Avhom Ira A. is the eldest. He spent his life in Warren township until ten years of age, and then attended school at Owego, He learned the printer's art, and was at the case until the breaking out of the Civil War, when he became the seventh man to resjwnd to the call for 75,000 troops, by enlisting, April 17, 1861, in the TAventy-third New York Infantry, Company C. The command left Elmira July 5th, to go to the front witli the Army of the Potomac, under Gen. McDowell. Our subject was under fire several times in skirmishes and battles, and was in the i:)runt of the fight at Rappahannock Station and at White Sulphur Springs, then at 844 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUXTY. Gainesville and at the second Bull Run figlit; also at Chantilly, where he was left on the skirmish line while tlie army retreated to Fairfax Court House, and he witnessed the race for the place between the "Johnnies" and "Yanks." Pie was thus exposed and without food or sleep for three days. His command was with tiie First Corps in all the battles, marches and sieges after they left Washington. At the battle of South Mountain, through some mistake, a part of the regiment retreated and left their companions exposed to over two hours' severe fio-hting. At Antietam his company was sent to Division Headquar- ters under Gen. Doubledav, and he performed provost guard duty over prisoners until the close "^of his term of service. He was discharged Mav 22, 1868, and re-enlisted November 24 following. He re-enlisted, this time, in the' Fiftieth New York Engineers, and returned to the front to the Army of the Potomac, hoofed it with Sheridan's Cavalry, and most of the time they were kept busy building bridges, forts and breastworks, and had some sharp experiences with guei-rillas in guard- ing their boats. They were in front of Petersbuig- and Cold Harbor, ami after the latter thev were thirty days on the march to Trevilian Station. After the battle of Petersbui-g, in December, ISO-t, the com- mand went to Notaway Station, traveling at times through two feet of water, and at night they would nearly freeze. They went to Winches- ter with Sheridan, and were at the surrender of Lee. In crossing the Shenandoah at Mt. Jackson, the corps (fifty men) made a bridge of thirteen boats and two trestles in just nineteen minutes, and after cr-ossing over and taking them u)), they found the boats had several holes sliot in them. Mr. Gould was discharged -Tune 18, 1865, when "the cruel war was over;" and returned home. While in the service he was taken ill with typhoid fever at Upton's Hill, and was sent to regimental hospital, where he was confined live weeks, and to this time suffers from loss of hearing in one ear, and rheumatism in the right side. He is a member of the G. A. R., and a pensioner, antl a Repub- lican—" God bless the G. O. P," adds Mr. Gould. He was married in Allegany, N. Y., September 30, 18G5, to Mary, daughter of Frederick and llannah Stratton, who had five children, of whom Mary is the fourth, reared, educated and married in her native place. To Mr. and Mrs Gould was born, October 22, 1860, one child, Elmer. ADDISON GRACE, farmer, Asvlum township, P. O. Macedonia, was born in Springfield, this county, July 11, 1830, and is a son of William and Hannah (Salisbury) Grace, natives of Massachusetts, and of English extraction. William Grace came to this county when a voun° man; his grandmother Grace was one of the nurses who attended the wounded at the battle of Bunker Hill, -and his grand- father Grace was one of the Revolutionary soldiers in the same battle. Addison Grace, who is the eighth in a family of nine children, was reared on his father's farm, became a farmer when grown, and has followed that occupation successfully since. Ho was united in matri- mony October 8, 181!>, with Dimmis Kiiap)). and there were born to them eii^dit children, all living as follows: Ruby, born July 15, 1850 wife of Mahlon Allen; Addison W., born January 28, 1852, married to Helena Hosley ; Laura E., born ALarch 27, 1854, wife of Hiram (1 , HISTORY OF BRADFOKD COUNTY. 845 Iloslev; May^born July 15, ISSP), wife of E. J. Lewis; Charles B., born July 17, 1859, married "to Minnie E. llug<4ins; Elswortli C, born August 8, 1863, married to Mamie l>rown ; Martha, born Febi-uary 28, 1865, wife of Harry Morse ; Arotine S., born September 2, 1869. Mrs. Grace died January 27, 1871, and January 16, 1877, Mr. Grace married Flora D. Cheney, daughter of 11. W. and Sarah (Fraizer) Cheney, born March 9, 1852, lie located on his present farm in 1888, and is one of the most successful farmers, a social and genial gentle- man, respected bv all who know him. Foliticallv he is a Rej^ublican. THOMAS GRACE, proprietor of '-Hotel Grace," Towanda, was born in Standing Stone townshiji, this county, November 14, 1847, and IS a son of Philip and Ann (Griffin) Grace, natives of Counties Tipper- ary and Kerry, Ireland, respectively. His father came to America in early manhood, was for many years a resident of Standing Stone, this county, where he was engaged in farming, and cleared and improved the farm on which he died in 1870, at about the age of sixty years. He reared a family of seven children, viz.: Mary, Thomas,*^ Fhilij), Henry, John, William and ]\[argaret (Mrs. MaVtin P. Prcnnan). Thomas was reared in his native township, where he received a limited education in the common schools, and was for some years engaeed in farming, and in 1883 came to Towanda, where he was a buyer of hides one year. In 1884 he embarked in the hotel business, in which he has since continued, and has done business at his present place on South Main street since 1890. Mr. Grace is a member of the Iloman Catholic Church and is Independent in politics. FRANCIS P. GRADY, the leading and popular merchant tailor in Towanda, was born in Beaver Meadow, Carbon Co., Pa., March 16, 1850, a son of James and Ann (Lannan) Grady, natives of County Ros- common, Ireland. James Grady came to America about 1834 and set- tled in Carbon county, engaged in farming and later was a boss in coal works; he died about 1852. Francis P. was reared in Carbon county, and began life as a slate picker and later was in the coal breaker, also worked in the mines as a door tender and mule driver. At the age of sixteen he was apjirenticed to the tailor's trade in Hazel- ton, Luzerne county, serving three years and ten months, and after- w^ard went to Philadelphia, where he worked as a journeyman in various cities of Pennsylvania and New York. In 1878 he located in Towanda and engaged in the merchant tailoi-ing business for himself, in which he has since successfull}' continued, and has built up a trade second to none in the county. 'Mr. Grady was married August 14, 1875, to Mary J., daughter of Oscar Sage, of Bradford county, and by her he had one son. Francis W. (deceased). Mr. Grady is a member of the Catholic Church, also of the K. of L., and he is a Republican. J. H. GRANT, the leading jeweler of Troy, was born in Gen- eseo, Livingston Co., N. Y., January 5, 1834, a son of Ira and Maria (Hewitt) Grant, and is of Scotch-Irish descent, his ancestors being of the same lineage as that of the late Gen. U. S. Grant. He was reared in Cortland, N. Y., where he received an academical education, and served a three and one-half years' apprenticeship at the jeweler's trade, in which he has since succ^ssfullv continued. He has been 846 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. twice marrievi. jlis first wife was Marian, daughter of William S. and Nancy (Botliwell) Dobbins, of Troy, and l)y her he iiad two children : Fred (deceased) and William II., now connected with a leading- jewelry establishment at Portland, Oregon ; his second wife wasOr])lia M., daughter of Elijah H. and Sarah (Halsted) Dewey, of Troy, and he has by her four children: Albert IT., Edwin IL, Nellie L. and Edith II. Mr. Grant is a Sir Knight Tem])lar; he was school director of Troy borough fifteen years, from 1872 to 1887, during fourteen years of which time he was treasurer of the school board; was burgess two terms, and a member of the common council eight or ten 3^ears ; he was treasurer of Bradford county from January 1, 1879, to Januai'v 1, 1882, and was a presidential elector on the Harrison and Morton ticket in 1888; politically, he has alwavs been a stanch Republican. JAMES H. GKEEN, farmer, Orwell township, P. O. Orwell, was born in Susquehanna county. Pa., July 4, 1814, and is the eldest son of Job and Unice M. (Doolittle) Green, the former a native of Rhode Island and the latter of Orwell township. His father came to Susque- hanna county when three years old and resided there until his death. He had a family of seven children : James H.; John W., of Iowa ; Zenas M., deceased ; Samuel G., deceased ; Charles E., of Pike township; Lucy M., deceased, and an infant, deceased. James passed his boy- hood on a farm, and received his education in the common schools, with excej)tion of a few terms in a select school. When twenty-two years of age he purchased the old James Chubbuck farm, and has occu])ied that since; it is 155 acres of as fine farm land as there is in Orwell, all improved, and is well stocked and managed. He was united in mar- riage, July 24, 18(56, with Albertine, daughter of Joshua and IMargaret (Dings) Killmer, the youngest of a family of eight children. To them have been born three children, as follows: Maggie A., married to Fred L. Brown ; Fred A. and Stanley G. They are all members of the IVIethod- ist Episcopal Church, of which James is one of the board of trustees. He is a member of the Golden Cycle ; is a Re])ul)lican, and has held the office of sciiool director. Mr. and Mrs. Green ai-e among tlie large number of Bradford's citizens noted for their great hos))itality and social qualities ; they have a latge cii'cle of friends who unite in bestow- ing on them their affection and esteem. WALTER KERR GREEN, at present a farmer, in Bradford county, was born at Chappie Hill, Davidson Co., Tenn., September 15, 1830, and is the son of John Simms and Elizabeth (Henley) Green. The family moved to Cherry townsliij), Lycoming (now Sullivan) C-o., Pa., in 1833. Were Walter grew to manhood, helping his father clear up a large farm. In January, 1857, he marritnl Marion E. Wol- cott. daughter of Elijah and Elizabeth (Park) Wolcott. of Litchfield, Bradford Co.; moved to that place in April, 1801, and ])urchased the Snover farm of John Layton (where George Brink now lives). In the fall of 1862 he was drafted and went to Ilarrisburg. After staying about four weelcs at Camp Curtin, he was discliarged and came home, ombarking in tiie lumber business. In this he was successfid until, in IMarch, 1S(')5, having a large amount of himber on the baidc of the Sus- quehanna, it was swept away in the thxjds, leaving him heavily in debt, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 847 the effects of which he yet feels. Having turned all over to his credi- tors, he moved to Athens borough and began working by the day ; but after a time he embarked in contracting, which he found more remunerative, lie erected several buildings, among which was the "Oudderback House" on Chestnut street, which he built for himself. Always having good credit, he abused it by endorsing for a man who betrayed him, and again he lost all he had. In 1868 he moved to Wolcott Hollow, in Athens township, and began jobbing for Gen. II, Williston, which proved disastrous, and tiiis with the loss of five horses compelled him to sell all in order to pay his help, and once more he began at the bottom, working bv the dav forAVolcotttfc Had- lock, who had an extensive lumber trade at that time. Here he paid off his debts of the Williston disaster, and had a surplus, when, in 1873, AVolcott & Hadlock failed, and again Mr. Green lost heavily. But the lumber business of Wolcott A: Hadlock being bought by D. F. Park, he retained Mr. Green as superintendent witli a good sahiry, and this with the stum])-])ulling business, which he engaged in again, placed him on the road to prosperity. But in 1877 Bat Golden's barn at Milan was burned, and ai»ain Mr. Green was a loser, two good teams being burned in that conflagration. In 1880 Mr. Job Gritiin offered him a partnership in the manufacture of lumber, and the mill which now stands in Wolcott Hollow was built by Mr. Green to carry on the business which has proved successful. Mr. Green has met with many failures which Avould have dismayed a man of less pluck and courage, but with the aid of his estimable wife he has overcome these obstacles, and is now tlie owner of a good farm and a fine residence called ''The Willows." Here he resides with his wife and three daughters, M. Euphemia, Mar\^ A. and Virginia L. His two sons, Harry C. and Craig W., are now on the staff of two New York dailies. Three other children died in infancy. Mi*. Green has always had the confidence and respect of his neighbors. Although not an office-seeker, he is a stanch Democrat, and has successfully held sevei-al town offices, WILLIAM H. D. GREEN, a prominent dry-goods merchant, Towanda, was born in Dushore, Sullivan Co., Pa., January 30, 1837, a son of John S. and Elizabeth (Hanley) Green, the former of whom was a native of Philadelphia, and the latter of Georgia; they settled at Dushore in 1829, where the father acted as land agent for John S. Green, who had previously taken up a large tract of land in that vicinity. In 1856 he was elected treasurer of Sullivan county, and served two terms; he died March 16, 1876, at Laporte, Pa. Mr. Green was reared in Sullivan county, where he received a limited education in the common schools. August 17, 1862, he enlisted as a private in Company K, One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I. September 15, 1863, he was captured by the enemy while advancing on Culpeper, Va.; he was a prisoner nineteen months and twenty days in Libby, Belle Isle, Anderson ville. Savannah and Millen prisons. April 28, 1865, he was sent to Jacksonville, Fla., and in June was transported to Annapolis, Md.. and thence to Ilarrisburg, Pa., where he was honor- ably discharged, June 20, 1865. In 1866 he settled in Towanda, Avhere he was pi'oprietor of the Towanda and Laporte stage line nearly three 848 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. years. In 1868 he located at Burlington, this county, and engaged in general merchandising and hotel kce])ing there until 1883, when he returned to Towandaaudeniljarked in the dry -goods business, in which he has since successfully continued. He married, July 3, 18G0, Mary A., daughter of Dennis McKeehy, of Susquehanna county, Pa., and has two children hving, viz.: Frank D. and Ilattie M. (Mrs. 11. L. lUishnell). Mr. Green is a member of the Episcopal Church and G. A. R.; he was elected a second term as justice of the peace, during his residence at Burlington. Politically he is a Republican. GEORGE W. GREGORY, Ml D., Troy, was born in Fleming, Cayuga Co., N. Y., September 22, 1854, a son of Richard and Maria (Smith) Gregory, and of Scotch ancestry. He was reared in his native county, and received an academical education at Auburn, N. Y. ; in 1875, he began the study of medicine with Dr. Samuel Gilmore, of Fleming, N. Y., and in August, 1876, continued his studies under Dr. J. W. Cox, of Albany. N. Y. He was graduated from the medical department of Union University of that city, in January, 1879, and at once began the practice of his profession in Albany, remaining there until June, 1880; on July 26, 1880, he located in Troy Avhere he has since been in active practice. In June, 1883, the Doctor was married to Nellie, daughter of Perr\^ H. and Lydia (Robinson) Oliver, of Troy, and granddaughter of Edward Oliver, by which union there were two children : Richard and Margaret. Dr. Gregory is a member of the Homeopathic State Medical Society of Pennsylvania, and an honorary member of the Albany (N. Y.) Medical Society. Socially he is a Sir Knight Templar. JOB GRIFFIN, farmer, Athens township, P. O, Athens, was born in Athens township, this county, and is son of Capt. John (second) and Nancy (Morlev) Griffin, both of whom were born in Athens township. The father is a son of Capt. John (first) Griffin, who removed from Connecticut to this county about 1809, locating near Athens borough, then called "Tioga Point;" he ])urchaseda lot of 300 acres, and like all the old pioneers improved and built until, by hard labor and industry, he became a wealthy farmer for those days; he kept one of the first hotels in that place, and died about 1843, at the age of lifty-six. His son John (second) occupied part of the estate where Job now resides. He was an extensive lumberman, having built several sawmills, one of which is still standing; also dealt in stock and was a man of enterprise. In 1862 he joined as captain. Company II, Fifty-seventh ]*. Y. I., serving two years, and after his discharge he was chosen by his fellow- citizens to the office of town commissioner; he died May 15, 1874, at the age of fifty -six. He had only one son. Job, the subject of this sketch, who now resides on his father's homestead. At the age of twenty-three (in 1869) he married Miss Martha J., daughter of Dr. E. P. and H. H. Allen, of Athens, and three children were born to them, two of whom are living: Mary and John. Mr. Griffin is a general farmer and stock I'aisei', has about twenty-five head of full-blooded registered Guei'nseys, on which he took the (iist premium at Ti'oyand p]lmira fairs; he also buys stock of various kinds, shipj)ing to New York and Jersey City. HISTORY OF FSKADI'OKI) COUNTY. 849 JOSEPH r. GRIFFITH, farmer and stock grower, P. O. AVindham, is a native of Snsquehanna county, Pa., born Julv 4, 1843. The yonth started life witii quite a patriotic celebration, lie is a son of David and Rutli (Wilber) Griffith, of New York, and of remote German and Welsh descent. Tlie father, who was a farmer and mechanic, came to Bradford county in 1848, first stopping in Windham township, and then went to Nichols, N. Y., where he died of heart-disease in 1879, being found dead in bed; his partner and wife had passed away five weeks previously. Their children were three in number: Joanna, married to iVmzi Benjamine, and died in 1876; Joseph P.; and Ruby A., wife of L. Neal. The sulqect of this sketch was reared and edu- cated in Windiiam township, and, a poor boy, commenced farming, and is now proprietor of 100 acres of highly improved and cultivated farm land. August 25,1862.the lad enlisted at O wego in the cause of the Union, joining the One Hundred and Ninth Regiment, N. Y. V. I., but the regi- ment being already full, he repaired to Binghamton and joined the One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Regiment, Company A, under Col. David Ireland, a regular, and they went almost direct to the front in fighting trim, and were "double-quicking" across lots toward the nearestTfight. The regiment joined Gen. Slocum's corps. Mr. Griffith bore the gauntlet of war safely until the battle of Chancellorsville, where " his hat received a mortal wound." The command reached Gettysburg the second day of the fight, and formed on the right, in the heat of the battle, receiving the assault of Stonewall Jackson's old command, and of the forty-four men in his companv, in this carnage, only five came out alive — four privates and one corporal being all who could muster after the battle. Slocum's and the Eleventh corps were consolidated under Gen. Hooker, and their next battle was at Wauhatchie in defense of a wagon train, when a ball grazed Mr. Griffith's neck, and came so near cutting his throat that it took away his breath and drew blood, but he rallied and was inline at the battle of Lookout Mountain, and charged tiie enemy's works; m this critical moment the Major called out, "who will go over first?" when he (the Major) quickly jumped over in order to be first, but jumped almost on Mr. Griffith, who was ahead of him, and for this he was promoted to sergeant. Then came tiie battle of Mission Ridge, and then to Ringold, Ga.. and Resaca, New Hope Church. Pine Knob, Kenesaw Mountain and Peaclitree Ci-eek, where he was hit over the heart with a ball that knocked him down, but some things in his pocket saved his life; then came Atlanta and Savannah, where he was one of a detail to furnish supplies, and became one of " Sherman's Banners," but was with his regiment in the Savannah bat- tle and on Sherman's entire march to the sea, and the campaigns of the Carolinas. Again becoming one of " Sherman's Banners," he was captured and sent to Libby ])rison, and the ten days' experience there nearly starved him to death. He was paroled and sent to Annapolis Junction, and finally was on his way to his old command when he was met at Eimira and mustered out June 23, 1805, the cruel war being over. He was married at Nichols, N. Y., to Catherine White, daughtcT- of William and Charlotte (Dunham) White, and they have two' chil- dren: William D., now aged twenty -one (he is employed in a store in 850 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. New Mexico, receiving- $65 per month), and Kittie B., now aged seven- teen (she is at the normal scliool in Mansfield). This pleasant and most estimable family are members of the Methodist Church, and are widely respected. Mrs. Gritiith is an invalid, unable to walk, and goes about the house in a wheel chair. LUCIUS EDGAR GRIGGS, farmer, Monroe township, P. O. Liberty Corners, was born in Ashford, Conn., February 26, 1822, a son of Joseph and Mary (Mason) Griggs, natives of Connecticut and of early English origin ; they removed to Monroe in 1831. In his father's familv there were six children, of whom he is the fourth; he has always followed farming; located on his present home in 1849. He was married January 11, 1846, to Miss Lydia C, daughter of Philip and Betsey (Richards) 'Hart, of New England stock ; later came to Bradford county in 1825; they have five children, viz.: Willis E.. born January 8, 1847, is town treasurer, a member of the I. O. O. F. Lodge at Monroe, and resides on a farm across the road from the old home- stead, married to Mrs. Cyrus Lewis (Miss Mary E. Strevey), by whom he has three cliildren ; Dorsey L., born October 4, 1848, is engaged in the Eureka Works, Utica, N. Y., married to Lydia F. Strevey, by whom he has seven children ; Ira G., born August 19, 1850, electrical engi- neer, Brockport. Pa., married to Charlotte Brown, by whom he has two children ; Eli Z., born September 7, 1852, mine "superintendent, Brockport, married to Miss Annie S. Kinney, of Athens, who died July 23, 1891. leaving four children ; and Addison E., born December 29, 1854, blacksmith, Landrus, Pa. Lucius Edgar Griggs and wife are members of the Methcxlist Episcopal Church ; he is a thorough Demo- crat, and has been collector of taxes, and school director nine years; was on the first school board ever organized in Monroe, and on March 4, 1843, he was commissioned, by Governor Porter, captain of the " Monroe Rifle Company ; " he was rejected from active service in the Civil War on account of' deafness. T. GRnrES, farmer, of Overton township, P.O. Overton, is a native of County Sligo, Ireland, boi'n in 1817, and is a son of Terrence and Bridget (Galiaglier) Grimes, natives of the same place, where the father died in 1842, and the mother in 1844. He is the second in a family of five children. The son remained in the old family home in his native place, and at the age of twenty-three he bade farewell to home and native land, and sailed, as an emigrant, to the land of the free, making his ])ermanent sto]) in Overton, first seeking and finding- em ploy ment among the simple, honest, industrious farmers of that ])lace. In time, by his untiring industi-y, he accomplished the ambi- tion of his young life, and become a land owner, a term that means far more to a foreign-born citizen than to a native American. His farm contains fifty acres, well improved and cultivated, on which are com fortable houses and general improvements. He was mari-ied in Ireland, in 1838, to Mary Coggins, daughterof I'ati-ick and Catlxsrine (Murphy) (Joogiiis, all natives of the same place, and old-time neighbors of the Crimes family. Of this union wei'c born children, of whom four died, and the living are: Mai-y, wife of James McDonald; Julia, wife of Charles Bowman ; Jennie, wife of James Nestor; Nellie, wife of Burt HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 851 Hoose; Terrence, Maggie, Patrick and Michael. The family worship at the Catholic Church, and ever)^ member is noted for industry and integrity, a natur-al result it would seem when it is remembered that the father with his own hands cleared the entire farm, where they now live, when it was a dense wilderness. In political matters Mr. Grimes affiliates with the Democratic party. HENRY G. GRINNELL, farmer, P. O. Columbia Cross Roads, was born in Wells township, this county, December 26, 1844, and is a son of Lorenzo and Rhoda (Griffin) Grinnell. His father was a native of_ Chenango county, N. Y., and his mother of Dutchess county, K Y. His maternal grandfather was Henry Griffin, of Dutchess county, N. Y., who died there ; his widow afterw\ard married James A.Wilson, and with him settled in Wells township, this county, m 1837. Lorenzo Grinnell settled there at about the same time, clearing and improving a farm and was there married; he died in 1867; his widow still sur- vives him at the age of eighty-one years. Their children were as follows: Harrison, Susa (deceased), Henry G., and Mary (deceased). Henry G. Grinnell, the subject of this sketch, was reared in Wells township, educated in the common schools, and is a carpenter and ]iainter by trade ; he has been more or less engaged in lumbering, but most of his life has been spent in farming. He resided in Wells town- ship until 1866, and has since lived in Columbia, where he has engaged in farming and dairying. He was in the Civil War, enlisting in September, 1861, in Battery A, First New York Artillery, and after serving six weeks was honorably discharged on account of disabilitv. He re-enlisted, in February, 1864, in Battery F, same regiment, and was honorably discharged June 27, 1865. He married, in December, 1865, Alice, daughter of Cornelius and Mary J. (Seeley) Daggett, of Jackson, Tioga Co., Pa., and has five children, as follows : Stowell E., Henry G., Jr., Mary A., Lorenzo and Jennie. Mr. Grinnell is a Re])ublican in politics. CHARLES N. GROHS, of Grohs v\: Manlev, grocers, Trov, w^as born in Northampton county, Pa., March 13, 1832, a son of Isaac and Christianna Wilhelm, and is of German descent. He was reared in his native State, received a common-school education, and learned the miller's trade, beginning his apprenticeship when fourteen vears of age, in Luzerne county, and finishing in Troy in 1848. He settled in Troy township, and for fifteen years worked as a journeyman miller to Viele's mills, and two years as proprietor. In the spring of 1866, he locjited in Troy borough, and embarked in the grocerv business, in which he has since successfully continued, and has been' a member of the firm of Grohs & Manley since Januarv, 1889. In 1856 he mar- ried Deborah, daughter of Jacob Viele. of Schenectady, N. Y., and has two children: Minnie (Mrs. Fred H. Hoffman) and Charles Y. Mr. Grohs is a popular grocer of Trov; is a member of the Ej)iscopal Church and F. & A. M. ; has served as councilman of Trov borough one term; in politics, he is a Democrat. GEORGE H. H A FLETT, farmer, in Granville township, P.O. Windfall, was born in Granville township, this countv, Julv 21, 1841, and is a son of William and Lucy (Hewitt) Haflett, natives of England, 852 HISTORY OF I{RAF)K()I{1) COUNTY. who settled in Granville township about 1838, and cleared and im- proved what is now known as the John L. Ferguson farm ; the father still resides in the township. They reared a family of children as follows: Amelia (Mrs. John Reed), John, Mary (Mrs. John C. May), Georg-e II. and William H. George II. was reared and educa- ted in Granville, where he has always resided, and is one of the repre- sentative farmers of the township. He married, December 14, 1862, Helen P., daughter of Philander and Betsey (Grantier) Case, of Canton township, and has one daughter, Ilattie ]>. Mr. Haflett was in the Civil War, having enlisted February 19, 1864, in Company C, Seventh Pennsylvania Cavalry. He partici])ated in the battles of Selma (Ala.), and ]VIacon (Ga.), besides other minor engagements; was wounded while on {)icket duty on the Tennessee river, and was honorably dis- charged at Macon, Ga., August 2;5, 1865. He is a member of the G. A. R. and P. of IP; politically he is a Republican, and has been assessor of Granville township five vears. JOHN W. HAFLETT, farmer,"of Granville township, P. O. Wind- fall, was born in Pi-ovidence, R. I., October 31, 1835, and is a son of William and Lucy (Hewitt) Haflett, who settled in Granville township, this county, about 1838. John W. Haflett was reared in Granville from three years of age. receiving a common-school education, has always followed farming, and has resided on the farm he now occupies since 1856, which he cleared and improved. He was in the War of the Rebellion, having enlisted August 1, 1864, in Company I, Fifteenth New York p]ngineers, and was honorably discharged from the service -Inly 2. 1865, at Washington, L). C. "^Ile married, July 4, 1855, Delilah, daughter of Piiilander and Betsey (Grantier) Case, of Canton, by whom he has five children, as follows: Lucy (ALrs. Washington McCroy), David, George, Gladdus and Merton. Mr. Haflett is a mem- ber of the G. A. R. and I. O. O.F. ; in politics he is a Republican. CALEB S. HAGER, farmer, Columbia township, P. O. Sylvania, was born in Hector, Tompkins Co , N. Y., November 13, 1818, and is a son of Isaac and Sally (Peck) Ilager, and of German descent. He was reared in Tioo-a countv. Pa., from five years of ao:e, educated in the common schools, and after attaining his majority engaged in farming. In 1869 he settled in Columbia townshij), this county, locating on the farm he now occupies, on which he has made many improvements. He is a man of extraordinary musical talent, has been a teacher of both vocal and instrumental music for fifty-seven years, and plays nearly ever\' instrument. He was twice married : first time to jMarvett, daughter of Luther Tinkham, of Tioga county, Pa., and i)y her he iiad four children : Franlc, Nettie (]\r)'s. Samuel Bi-adford), Ilattie (^SFi's. James Rothrock) aiul Martin. His sec-ond wife was Hannah, daughter ted a position with the Phil- adelphia cV Reading Railroad (,^omi)any as extra telegraph opei'ator, and in 1877 he accepted a position at Phillipsburg, N. J , as telegra|)h operator for the Western tlnion Telegraph Company; a few months later he was promoted, and sent to New ^'ork by the same Company to work in their main office. In 1878 he left New York to accept a ))osition for the Philadelphia cV lieading Railroad Com])any, so he could take uj) the study of medicine at the same time, devoting all his spare time in the study of medicine. In 1880 he received a ))osition HISTORY OF BKADFOKI) COUNTY. 855 as teleo-rapli operator for the Tide Water Pipe Line Company, at Taraanend, Pa., and while employed by that Company he received the first message sent over the Tide Water Pi{)e Line Company's tele- grapii line, the message being sent by Mr. Eddy, of Mainville, Pa. In October, 1881, he attended the College of Physicians and Surgeons, corner of Calvert and Saratoga streets, Baltimore, Md., graduating in medicine in the spring of 1885. After standing a competitive examin- ation, he was appointed resident physician and surgeon, for one year, in the Womans Hospital, and one year in the Surgical Department of the Bayview Hospital, and As3'lum of Baltimore. In 1887 he located in LeRoy, this county, where he remained two years. In 1889 he removed to Monroeton, where lie has already succeeded in building up a large practice, and where he has gained note as a skilled surgeon. Dr. Haines is a member of the Bradford County Medical Society, I. (). O. F. and P. O. S. of A., and politically he is a Republican. MAJOR ELI AS W. HALE, a prominent citizen of Bradford county. Pa., was born December 13, 1816, in Towanda township, in the residence he now occupies, and is a son of Reuben and Wealtliy (Trac\') Hale. His father, a son of Gideon Hale, was a native of Glastonbury, Conn., and settled in Towanda township in 1799, when he purchased a tract of land on Towanda creek, of George Welles, and later bought lands adjoining, becoming an extensive property owner. On February 27, 1803, he married Wealthy, daughter of Isaac and Elizabeth (Rogers) Ti'acy, and lived in a log house on his property until 1810, when he erected the residence now occupied by his son, Maj. Hale, in which he resided until his death, which occurred January 30, 1825. He was born February 6, 1777; in 1810 he was appointed the first postmaster at Towanda, and served on the first grand jury called in Bradford county, and was for several years a justice of the peace. Among his business enterprises, outside of his farming interests, he operated a distillery, grist and saw mill, and he was a man possessed of rare business judgment ; in his day he was among the most prominent citizens of Bradford county. His wife, who was one of the first school teachers of Towanda, died April 12, 1854, aged seventy-five j'^ears; their children were: Eliza (Mrs. Gen. William Patton), Nanc}'^ (Mrs. Benjamin S. Specs), James T. (an eminent jurist and congressman of note), Reuben W. and Elias W. The subject of this sketch was reared on the old homestead to which he succeeded by inheritance and purchase of the other heirs' interests. He was educated in the common schools, and academy at Cazenovia, jST. Y., followed engineering in the North Branch Canal in early manhood, has always been engaged in farming and for many years was prominently identified with the lumbering and milling interests of Bradford county. He is now the owner of a large number of stores and dwellings in Towanda; proprietor of a large planing mill and lumberyard, and erected and is the present owner of" Hale's Opera House" and block in Towanda, the opei-a house being the leading jilace of amusement in the borough. He has been a director of the First National Bank of Towanda since its organization ; wasa])pointed major in the militia by Gov. Porter, in 1850, and is popularly known as Maj. Hale. He was married, September 7, 1854, to Mary J., daughter 856 HISTORY OF BKADFORD COUNTY. of Benjamin and Mary xV. (Hale) Taylor, of Glastonbury, Conn., by whom he has five children living, as follows: Hon. James T. (a promi- nent attorney of Duluth, Minn.), Benjamin T. (also a member of the bar). Elias W., Jr., Jennie M. and Anne (Mrs. John AV. Codding). In 1850 Maj. Hale was appointed deputy United States marshal and took the census of Bradford county ; in 1804 he was one of the electors on the ticket that elected Abraham Lincoln to the Presidency for a second term; politically he has been a stanch Republican since the organiza- tion of the party, and in wealth and public spirit he is one of the pres- ent leading citizens of Bt'adford countv. DARIUS CUSTER HALL, KNOAVN IN BUSINESS LIFE AS D. C. HALL, was in trade in Towanda between 1844 and 1865. His mother was Temperance Custer, a woman of great force of character who reached extreme longevity, she was the daughter of a Revolu- tionaiy soldier, and related to the branch of which the lamented Gen. Custer came. His father John Hall, a cooper bv trade, came to Pennsylvania from Delaware. He drew a pension and Land warrant for his services in the War of 1812. It is not positively known whether this branch of Hall famil\' was of English stock or from North Ireland. The father of John Hall, when in advanced years settled in Indiana, married a voung wife and reared there a large familv. D. C. Hall born in 1819 died in 1865. He had^ well learned the tinman's trade, and his first partner in business was Mr. Ilentz. For a short time after purchasing Hardware stock of Daniel Lord, the firm was Hall cV AValker in the Barstow building, next to new Presbyter- ian Chapel on Court street. Afterward, Judge Russell came into the firm as Hall dc Russell. This firm built the hiro-e building which burned in 1867, on site now occupied by Dye & Co. As Lameraux Hall & Russell, they had a foundr\' and stove business on the site of Eureka works. In 18<;0 D. C. Half, with Col. J. F. Means and John McMahon run the line of mail coaches from Tunkiiannock to Waverly with a passenger" packet line from Athens. Having juirchased interest of Judge Russell in 1857, he sold out hardware business to John A. Codding and Judge Russell, who for years continued that business. As School Director, he was instrumental in building the School House, corner of Pine and Second, the first School building owned b}' the Direc- tors under Act of 1854. His name appears among those who caused the purchase of the first fire apparatus in town. He was a man of energy, quick intuitions, active, gcniiil and generous. Owing to sick- ness and a premature locating of a Hardware store at Dushore, Pa., he had reverses, but he was jiroud that he paid his del)ts. He was a believer in the ti'uth of the ('hiistian religion, a pi'ominent inenibei' of the Masonic and other fraternities, and in politics, a Jeffersonian Democrat. At an early age lie married Elizabeth daughter of Elder Isaac Post, who then kept hotel on site of present Reporier Journal building. At his death, he left three children, Charles M., Stella (Mrs. .1. L. Thurber) and Anna (Mrs (i. W. Hruce). Chai'les M. Hall the elder at his father's death had struck out in his young days for the better openings of the West, and was linely located on the South shore of the copper region of Lake Superior neai- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COIIXTY. 8-")T Dntonag-on. Reaching iiome after liis Father's death, ho submitted to the duty of caring- for liis widowed moilier and young sisters. After settlement of sisters he married in 1882 Miss Van JJuskirk of Tomp- kins county, N. Y., whose family were originally of Holland and Pennsylvania German ancestry, from Monroe county. Pa. His children are. Delos Custer, Chas. Sumner, and Cornelius. He was after disposing of wholesale Liquor business, which he did not find quite congenial, engaged with Codding & Russell in the hardware store wliich they had bought of D. C. Hall, and always received the highest wages even in his young days. After 1873 and the completion of the L. V. R. R. judging that the business had seen its best days in Towanda, he decided to pi'actice law. He was admitted in 1877. In 1878 he was appointed a Magistrate with civil and criminal jurisdiction by Gov. Hartranft. He was twice afterwaril elected against the Caucus Regular Republican candidate by Independent voters. At this time he is Register of Wills, Recorder, and Clerk of Orphans Court. He was chosen on the Fusion ticket supported by both Democrats and Independent Republicans. Mr. Hall was a Republican until 1888, when he believed that the old war issues were settled, and that the Republican leaders were taking a new and unjustifiable extreme liigh-tariflf i)osi- tion, not in line, with previous Republican policy and highly opposed to the interests of the country. He saw that the Mills bill was a good tariff with as much protection as the farmers, and wage-earners of the countrv, could afford to concede the wealthy nabpbs who had been plucking the people. He saw that such Republicans as David Wilmot, Henry Wilson, Gen. Grant, President Arthur, Chas. Sumner, with E. O." Good rich and the Bradford Rejxrrter had for years favored a still lower tariff than the Mills bill. Believing that the infant indus- tries required less protection now^ than fifty years ago, he followed his convictions, in a county of -4,200 Republican majority, and united him- self to the Democratic party as the best promoter of reduced taxation and tariff reform, unterrified by the misapplied and unjust appellation of " Free Trade Hall.'' He is a tariff reformer, but not as yet, a Free trader. Mr. Hall received his quota of school education at the Susquehanna Col. Inst., which he left at the age of thirteen, then a good classical scholar. Such matters as German, French, Shorthand reporting, he learned himself as necessary or expedient. In the period between 1870 and 1875 when the Good Templars were active he was much interested and was the presiding officer of the County Lodge. As a temperance candidate for County Treasurer he received the highest vote on the ticket. Mr. Hall is one of a very few who have ever been elected to a County office, actually native of the borough of Towanda. H. L. Scott, Esq., was from the township, most officers credited to Towanda borough are those who have located there after election to some office. H. J. PIALLOCK, jeweler, Wyalusing. Among the self-made men of this county, the gentleman whose name heads this brief sketch is deserving of special mention. He was born November 19, 1848, a son of Eli R. and Mary (Jaques) Hallock. His father's ancestors 858 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Avere of English origin, and among the early emigrants to this country. Peter Ilallock, the fii'st of the family in the New World, came to Massachusetts in 1040, and was leader of the colony that came with him. His descendants have partici])ated in all the wars of the Colo- nies, and afterward of the United States. Gen. Halleck, so famous in the Civil War, was of the same family, and many of them have acquired fame in the different professions. Eli R. Ilallock was born in Orange county, N. Y., a son of Eli, Sr., and Mary Colenuin, the former of whom was a shoemaker, and died in Wyoming county, ]S"ovember 30, 1879 ; his family consisted of seven ciiildren, six of whom are living. H. J. Ilallock passed his boyhood in Northumber- land and Meshoppen, receiving an academical education, and, being a close student, has accpdred a stoi'o of knowledge su])erior in some branches to that of the average college graduate; completed the Chau- tauqua course and graduated from the same. When thirteen years old he was apprenticed to learn the wagon -maker's trade, and served four years ; then entered a store as a clerk, and served four years, after which he went into the employ of R. B. Camp, of Wyalusing, and with him began to learn the jewelry business; afterward was with James Searls, of Pittston, and then with John W. Tyler, of Scranton. In Mav, 1873, he began business for himself in Wyalusing borough, where he has since continued, and, by close attention and good busi- ness tact, has made his trade a complete success. He carries lines of goods as extensive as is to be found in most city establishments of the same kind, and as a skillful workman he has no superior in the county. His beautiful store-room at the corner of Main and Church streets is well stocked with watches, clocks, jewelry, silverware, spectacles, opera glasses and musical instruments, guns, revolvers, ammunition, etc.; his first stock amounted to but $150, but he now carries thousands of dollars' worth, and his trade is constantly increasing. He owns the building in which his store-room is located, as well as his beautiful residence on Front street, which is excelled by none in the county for beauty of architecture, elegance of finish and conveniences ; it is heated on the three floors by hot air, and has hot and cold water on the first and second floors. Mr. Ilallock was united in wedlock, September 29, 1875, with Susie Dodge, daughter of "Squire" John F.Dodge, of Terrytown, and Malissa (Elliott) Dodge; of a family of six chiklreii. she is the fifth. This union was blest with two children: One that died in infancy, and Lelia M. Mr. and Mrs. Ilallock are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Wyalusing, of which he is trustee, steward and treasurer; he is a charter member of White Lilly Lodge, I. O. O. F., No. 808, and was the third N. G. of the Lodge ; he was a representative to the Grand Lodge in 1875-76, and again in 1800; was elected secretary of the Lodge in 1877, and has held that office since. He is an active "^Democrat, and has filled various town and boi'ough offices. Mr. and Mrs. Ilallock are among the most active workers in all church and benevolent enterprises of the section, and their doors are always open to any society for the advancement of their fellow moi'tals. HISTORY OF BKADFOKI) COUNTY. 859 J. S. HAMAKER, editor of the Rocket, was horn in Cohimhia, Lancaster Co., Pa., and is tiie fourth child and second son of lloni'v 11. and Ann E. (Ziegler) TIamaker, natives of the same; i)h'ice. His father was a kmiber manufacturer, and had a family of nine children — five sons and four daughters. His oldest brother died in April, 1891 ; of the other three, A. C, of Philadelphia, is general agent of the Nickel Plate R. R. Co.; Charles ¥. is a book-keeper in Philadelphia, and Walter S., of Philadelphia, is a commercial salesman. Of his sisters, two are dead; Mary E. is the wife of Charles P. Arnold, a clerk, of Reading, and Julia C. is the wife of William P. Rowe, a pharmacist, of Reading. Mr. Hamaker had only limited advantages of a common- school education. In his twelfth year, 1868, he commenced to learn the printing trade, in the Reading Times office, and completed his typographical education in 1872. He almost immediatel}- left his home in Reading, and went first to the coal regions of Pennsylvania, where he worked for a short time; thence to New York Cit}^ where he was employed at book and job printing. From there he went South, and worked in Georgia for a while, returned to Pennsylvania, in 1873, and was employed at his trade in several States until 1877, when he went to South Carolina and became engaged in the mercantile and lumber business on the Big Pedee river, and was there until the fall of 1878, Avhen he returned North to recuperate from a severe attack of fever. He remained in Reading until the spring of 1879, when he went to Towanda, Bradford Co., Pa., and took charge of the mechanical work of the Bradford Repuhllcan. He remained with this paper until 1882, when, in April of that year, he went to Spartanburg, S.C, and became superintendent ancl assistant editor of the Spartaoi; but returned North the same year, and took charge of the Journal, published at Palmyra, N. Y.; "^in 1883 he returned to Towanda and clerked in a furniture store for a time ; then went to Rome, Ga., where he secured a half-interest in the Courier job office. In January, 1884, he returned to Towanda, and became engaged on the Bradford Reporter, and remained after the combination of the Reporter and Journal until September, 1888, when he purchased the Wyalusing Rocket, of C. A. Stowell. Under his administration the business has increased greatly, and the paper has a very substantial circulation. After moving his office to the Larkin building, in October, 1890, Mr. Hama- ker opened a stationery store also. He was united in wedlock, December 31, 1883, with Anna Laurie, daughter of Seymour Smith, of ToAvanda, and they have one child, Frances, born March 3, 1887. In his political views Mr. Hamaker is Independent, having allied him- self to no party. Mr. and Mrs. Hamaker occupy a high position among the people of Wyalusing. Mrs. Hamaker is a soprano singer with a wide reputation. AARON HAMM, foreman L. V. R. R. blacksmith shops, at Say re, is a native of Passaic, N. J., born June 19, 1843, and is a son of John and Gertrude (Caldwell) Hamm, natives of France, who immigrated to Passaic county, N. J., in 1823. The father, who was a tailor, died in New Jersey in 1851, in his forty-fifth year; the mother died in June, 1877, in her sixty-seventh year.' Aaron, who is the fourth in a family 860 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUXTY. of seven children, was reared in his native place, receiving a common- school education, and began an apprenticeship at the blacksmith's trade. After working a short time, he enlisted for nine months, in September, 1862, in Company K. Twenty-fifth Regiment, X. J. V. I., and was in the battle of Fredericksburg, under Gen. Burnsides, and in the battle of Suffolk. He was mustered out at the expiration of his term, then went to Scranton and finished his trade at the end of four years; then moved to Kingston and Wilkes-Barre, when he worked two years; then worked at his trade in the following places: Rhode Island, Patterson, Susquehanna county, Corry and Passaic: remained in Passaic about four years, and came from ihere to Sayre, September 19, 1875, and went to work in the railroad blacksmith shop at the junction: following year he was promoted to foreman, a position he has held since. He was married in Patterson, X. J., in IbOT, to Miss Mary, daughter of Martin and Mary (Courdad) Bowman, natives of France; she is the fourth in a familv of eight children, and was born in France, November 11, 1844. To Mr. and Mrs. Ilamm were born seven children, viz.: John, Emma, George, Charlie, Gertrude, Mary and Joseph. The family are members of the Roman Catholic Church. He is a member of the following beneficial organizations : Iron Hall, Golden Circle, Provident Life, C. A. and B. A., Sexennial League, and of the G. A. R., Hartranft Post, No. 7, of Passaic, and in politics he is a Democrat. A. C. HAMMERLY, farmer, P. O. Camptown, Avas born in Wur- temberg, Germany, July 1), 1842, a son of Jacob and Mary (Blocher) Hammerl}'. His mother's family came to this country over fifty years ago, and after his father's death, which occurred when he was eight years of age, his mother came to join her people here, and he was sent to an orphans' school in Switzerland. After a short period spent in that school he was apprenticed to learn the trade of brush-making; he remained with his master eighteen months, and then came to America to join his mother and her family, being then seventeen years old. His parents had a family of eight children, viz : Frederick, a mechanic in the employ of Mason tS: Hamlin, the celebrated organ manufacturers, of Chicago; Martin, of Chicago; George, farmer of Iowa; Jacob, who died in the army; Michael, who died in LeRays- ville in 1887; John, farmer, of Iowa; Kate, married to Frank Nichols, of Kansas, and A. C. The subject of this sketch reached Ilerrick, where his parents then resided, and worked for a short time on a farm, then woi'ked in the tannery of Snell c^' Saylor, of Potterville. On August 7, 1862, he enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Forty- first Pennsylvania Volunteers, and served until Mux 28, 1865, when he was discharged at the close of the war; he participated in the bat- tles of Fredericksbiu'g and Chancellorsville, where he was captured and was confined twenty-eight days in Libby prison; he was then jiaroled, sent to Purcell Camp at AnnajuJis. Md.,and fi-om there came home, walking the entire distance; in the fall he was exchanged and rejoined his regiment at I>ran(l\' Station, \"a., and was in the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold IIarl)or, North Anna, Siege of Petersburg, and at Appomattox at Lee's surrender. After his return HISTORY OF BRADFOni) COUNTY. 861 from the ariiiv lie worked (ov Mi*. Conover in ;i tannery one year, then purchased his ])resent |)ro|)erty and built a tannery wiiicli he operated until 1880, when it was (!*estroyed by lire; he then built a steam cider-mill with a capacit}' of from eighty to one hundred bar- rels a day, which he still operates. He made his home in the township, with the exception of the years 1888 and 1889, which he spent in New York. Besides his cider-mill, which he operates through the season, he has a small farm. He was married February 21, 1866, to So})hia Armstrong, daughter of David Armstrong of Herrick ; this union has been blessed with three children: William D., Mamie B., and Myrtie L. Mr. and JMrs. Hammerly are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Camptown ; he is a member of Hurst Post, No. 86, G. A. R.; also of Wyalusing Lodge, No. 503, I. O. O. F., and has taken all sub- ordinate degrees, is past grand, and a member of Grand Lodge ; he is Republican in politics. CHARLES N. HAMMOND, physician, Bentley Creek, was born August IT, 1848, in Leroy township, this county, a son of John G. and Salome (Lamb) Hammond, farmers of the same township, former born near Elmira, N. Y., of English origin, and the latter born in Vermont, of Scotch-Irish lineage. The great-grandfather and his brother, Lebius Hammond, were among the pioneers of the Chemung valley, and the latter was the celebrated Indian fighter in Revolutionary times, whose deeds and exploits are mentioned in the "Annals of Binghamton." The grandfather, John Hammond, was a pioneer of Tioga county, Pa., at Elkland, and was known as "Uncle John." He was blind for forty years, the result of an accident. The cele- brated Dr. William A. Hammond is also a relative of this familv. The maternal grandfather, James Lamb, was one of the first settlers of this county at Troy, coming from Vermont about 1815. Charles N. Hammond was reared on his father's farm in Leroy township and was educated in the village schools of that township, and at Elkland, Pa. At the ao-e of eig-hteen he beg^an teaching, in which he continued thirteen terms, when he engaged as a traveling salesman, and studied medicipe at the same time. He attended lectures, one year, at the Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons, of Baltimore, and finished his course at the University of New Yor-k, where he was graduated in the spring of 1887; was associated a short time at Canton with Dr. AV. S. Lewis, and in the spring of 1888 located at Bentley Creek where he has since enjoyed an extensive and lucrative practice. The Doctor opened a drug store in the spring of 1891. He was married, September 25, 1872, to L. Celia Wilcox, of LeRoy, born September 25, 1852, a daughter of O. Lewis and Mary A. (Tillotson) Wilcox, whose family were among the early settlers of the township ; her maternal grandfather was a Revolutionary soldier. Dr. and Mrs. Hammond have had born to them tw^o daughters: Emma S., born June 18, 1875; and Josie W., born May 4, 1878. He is vice-president of the County Medical Society, and a member of the State and American Medical Associa- tions. Politically he is a Republican. RICHARD S. HANKINSON, farmer, of Herrick township, P. O. Rummerfield, was born in Sussex county, N. J., July 25, 1841. His 862 HISTOR"Y OF BRADFORD COUNTY. f.,thor William Ilankinson, was born in Sussex county, N. J., ^^jem- 1:17^1819 and his errand father, Aaron Ilankinson, also a native of n,=p^ P'^herine (wife of John Silverthorn and Kobeit w Jiiam H^L^on Ste^^^^^^^^^^^ until his fourteenth year, and at eighteeTi Kn fo" himself and worked on a farm in ^ew Je^'sey - ^l ISj., wfen he came to this count3^ and ^^^^^^^.^l^^^^il^Zt Cc Yo Lur;^h"in'l868t sold^l^ mttrS't^ ".acoi, and purchased seveStT'icresMn' Rome township, and in 1882 he sold this to his sen. Vm-edl and^^ Elizabeth, with whom he livecl until 1886 ^rnce which time he^has lived with his son, llichard. He married in 83rCharity, daughter of P-^^oU^l-s^choo-ver -d ^h 3 h.^ eleven children, viz.: Marv Ann, deceased ; Martha J-, ^^lIe 01 ^ ^. Smith; Richard S.; Obediah P.; Jacob S.; Rodie M., -fe of C. Dum- mer; Elizabeth E.; Melissa A.; John; Alfred L. and SaiaH U. Ilankinson died July 10, 1889. 1 •„ cfonrlino- Stone Wvsox Richard S. Ilankinson attended school in ^^^.f ^"«^^^^^^^^ and Camptown until he was twenty-one years. In October ibb., ne was draf ed into Company D, One Hundred and ^^J^^^^yJ^f |^^ ;^^;i and went to llarrisburg, then to ^ashrngton then to Suffolk Va and was employed at the latter place as reserve, hxe ^^ee\.s r \2l^e he Harris Landing, and on a transport to Isew Berne NCw^^^^^^^^^^ remained until April 1, 1863; then was «^"^/,«,^,^ "^^^^^^^^ "er^^ N. C, and remained there until the latter part «/ J^"*:; .,;\''7^^'^ had In attack of typhoid malaria, was m ^, ^^^/^^l I'there le w^ recovered until discharged ; but when his ^T^ndl!?! t^^^^^^^^^^ throu^rh with them, though still very weak, and when tlie^| a' xe a Stress Monroe Jul3°2, his command was ordered o in e cept the rebels, retreating from Gettysburg, l^f/^jf:^ °^ 'S^^ ,^^^^"Xre the hospital three u^eeks, and was sent to f^^^^^i more, and tom^lee to Hnrrisburo- where he was mustered out, August 8, 1864. ^v niie n the erv °e he contracted chronic diarrhoea, from which he has acres making a total of 124 acres, and built hi. ''""^^.^^ .^°'y and in addiUon in 1883. He was school director rom ISn to 1888, 'L a member of the Presbyterian Church ami of Hurst ost ^ o. 86 G A. R., and White l.illv Lodge, .No. 808 I. O. O. I^., ^J^* ''^.J'^'^''^ is a Democrat. In 1865 he married Harriet, ^l;^"§^;t«J « .j^^, '^7 ^ Caroline (Ilallock) Hillis, the second of a family of « ^ |^; 'g"', ^f/' they iiave had seven children : Eldest died in 'jV^^'l^ , ' ^//^'^ %^.Z of i Patten), Annie (died in infancy), Rosie li., Eduaid K., J.eitna (deceased) and Gladdis. o,-«...fr.n i« n n-itive of ^ JAMES J. IIANNON, hotel P^'opr-ietor, Ove.ton s a nat Ne o Ireland born March 3, 1841, a son of James and Honoia Ha ) annon, of Countv Limerick. The family came to America m the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUXTY. 863 year 1850, and first settled in Owcgo, K. Y., and afLerwafd, in 1852, removed to Towanda, in this count}^ and this was their home during the remainder of their lives. The father was a quiet day labore?, noted for his industry and frugality. He departed tiiis life March 19, 1890 ; his good Avife and helpmeet had preceded him to the grave, May 13, 1880. They had reared a family of six children, of whom James J. was the eldest, and was nearly seven years of age when he came to this country with his parents. He had but slight school advantages in his young boyhood, and at a tender age assisted more or less in helping support the family. When he struck out in the world for himself, he commenced driving stage coach on the route from Towanda to Troy, and was at this employ four years, when he was offered and accepted a position with the^ Barclay Coal Company as handler of live stock, a position of responsibility in which he remained the next nine years. By faithful work and severe economy, at the end of that time he had saved enough to start in life on his own account, and he removed to Overton and engaged in farming, and now possesses fifty-three acres of well-improved farm land. In 1877 he built his hotel in the village, which he now manages in conjunction with his farm. J. J. Hannon and Mary E. Sullivan were united in marriage, November 20, 1867; she is the 'daughter of John and Catherine Sulli- van, who came to America from Ireland in 1835, and located in Towanda. Their children are: John, born June 20, 1869, died March 27, 1875; Mary, born July 28, 1870; Eddie J., born September 9, 1873; Kite, born July 6, 1875; Ella, born August 14, 1877, died in infancy; and Margaret, born June 2, 1879. The family are Roman Catholics in faith and practice, and are widely respected, antl have many and w^arm friends. Mr. Hannon is aDenmcrat, and is accounted one of the leading and influential citizens of his township. PATRICK J. HANNON, farmer, Warren township, P. O. Cadis, is a native of County Sligo, Ireland, born August 15, 1846, to Patrick and Margaret (Dyer) Hannon, natives of the same place. The family came to America in 1851, first locating in Rhode Island, and then in 1859 removed to this county, settling in Warren township ; the father died December 20, 1875, and the mother March 3, 1878; in their familv there were six children: John died in infancy in 1846, in Ireland, and James died in Rhode Island in 1852, aged fourteen ; the yet living are Mary (Mrs. Patrick Kellighan, who has three children and has buried three), Ann (Mrs. Michael Ryan, of O weoo, a widow with three children, her husband having died in 1889), Michael, married to Mary Taylor and resided in Warren township, died in 1881, and left a widow and seven children (their daughter Mary died in 1890, aged twentv-tAvo) and Patrick J. Our subject grew to manhood in Warren township and became a successful farmer and stock-grower. He received a small property by inheritance, but has mostly made by his own efforts, and is the owner of, 165 acres of farm land, highly improved and well stocked, Avith elegant farm buildings of all kinds. He Avas married in Susquehanna county, April 14. 1868, to Bridcret, daughter of Owen and Susan (Gilhooly) McDonaugh, nativ^es of Sligo, Ireland, Avho came to this country when young and reared eight chil- 864 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUXTY. (Iren of whom Bridget was the fourth. By this marriage there was one child, William P., whose mother died when lie was six days old, March 20, 1869. Mr. JIannon married, the second time, in 1872, Mar- garet M., daughter of Owen and Elizabeth (Gillorn) Ilannon, of Ros- common, Ireland, and by this marriage he had six children as follows : Mary E., Josephine C. (died in 1880, aged three years), Margaret B., Fi-ancis J., James P. and John M. The family are exemplary mem- bers of the Catholic Church, and in politics Mr. Hannon is a Democrat. HON. STEPHEN D. HARKNESS, farmer, P. O. Springfield, was born elanuary 31, 1823, in Springfield township, this county, a son of James and Martha (McLellan) Harkness, the former a native of Delaware county, N. Y., who removed to this township when fifteen years of age with his father. The grandfather of Stephen was a William Harkness, a Revolutionary soldier, and among the earliest settlers in the township; he ])urchased a possession of 300 acres, of which Stephen and his son now own 250 acres. Stephen D. was the youngest of the family of four children, and was reared on his father's farm and educated in the school of the township; he has been a farmer. October 29, 1816, he married Eliza, daughter of Woodward and Rhoda (Cass) Berry, and they have two children, as follows: Theressa O., born November 21, 1850, married to Willard A. Brown, of Springfield, and Edson D., born August 28, 1855, married to Blanche Brace, and lives on a part of the original homestead. Mr. Harkness has always been a stanch Republican, and takes an active interest in political affairs ; he was first constable, then justice of the peace five years, and in 1881 was elected treasurer of the county, served one terra, and was immediately elected associate judge, in which position he served the county five years; in the fall of 1878 was elected to the State Legislature, and served one term with honor. He is a member of the Free Masons and also of the I. O. O. F. Judge Harkness is a man much respected by a large circle of friends. Afrs. Harkness' family were settlers in Springfield township at a very earl}' da}'; she is a consistent member of the Baptist Church. STEPHEN B. HARLOW, farmer, P. O. Wysox, was born in Monroe, Orange Co., N. Y., February 20, 1826, and is the only child of John B. and Elizabeth (King) Harlow, natives of New York, and of Fi'ench origin. He came to ]>radford county in 1847, and located on his present home, taking up fifty acres on which there was a log house and a small clearing, made bv Josei)h Lent; Mr. Harlow has since added 100 acres to his first farm, and it has all been placed under an excellent state of cultivation. He was married, December 2i, 1850, to Celestia, daughter of John and Zueba (Rowley) Allen, natives of Connecticut and of New Enuland lineage; they have one child, Celinda A., born February 27, 1852, married to Bradford C. Webb, who is engaged on the fai-m with Mv. Harlow. To Mr. and Mrs. Webb have been Ijorn thi-ee children : Harlow, born April 5, 1875; Susan, born March 29, 1878, died October 19, 1880; and Ralph, born October 13, 1887. Mr. Harlow is a very zealous advocate of Democracv, and has held the offices of commissioner and assessor. HISTORY OF KRADFORD COL'NTY. 865 TITUS HARPS, farmer, AVyalusing township, P. O. Wyalusing, was born in Monroe county. Pa., December 25, 1840, a son of Jacob and Margaret (Bommon) Harps, natives of Monroe county, of wliomthe lat- ter is still living. They had a family of thirteen children, Titus being the ninth. The father, who was a farmer, died in 1858, aged fifty-two years. Our subject was born and reared on a farm and educated in the common schools. The father dying when Titus was eighteen years old, the latter had his own way to make, and followed farming and lumbering until June 17, 1861, when he enlisted in Company F, Fourth Pennsylvania Reserves, in which he served until June 17,' 1864, and was mustered out at Philadelj)hia at the expiration of his term. He was in the battles of Bull Run, before Richmond, Fredericksburg, South Mountain, Antietam, Floyd's Mountain, and in numerous minor engagements. Returning from the army he engaged in farming which he has followed until the present time. 'Mr. Harps resided in Monroe county until 1868, and since then has lived in different sections of Brad- ford county. In 1869 he purchased a place in LePaysville, and in February, 1891, purchased his present place. Mr. Harps was married July 28, 1866, to Mary Ann, daughter of Jacob Walters, a j^rominent farmer of Wyoming county, and this union has been blessed with three children : Morris A., marrietl to Rose Jacoby, a farmer of Spring Hill, this county ; Nettie and Jacob L., still with their parents. Mr. and Mrs. Harps are members of the Spring Hill Methodist Episcopal Church, he is a member of Hurst Post, No. S6, (Jr. A. R., Camptown, and, politicallv, is identified with the Repulilican partv. ARTHUR H. HARRIS, foreman of Fuller's mili;Wyalusing. was born in Cheltenham, England, February 7, 1862, a son of Anthony and Sarah (Done) Harris, the former of whom was a farmer, and passed his life in England ; he had a family of twelve children, five of whom came to America, viz.: Edward, P'eter, George, Thomas and Arthur H.; Edward is a steamboat engineer residing in Canada; Peter is operating a large stone quarry at Pockey Forest, this State; George is secretary of the Union Glue Compa*ny, of Brooklyn; Thomas returned to England a few years ago where he now resides. Our sub- ject came to America, October 9, 1873 ; he attended school at Guilford, N. Y., also at Elmira ; then went to Black Walnut, Pa., and worked in the quarries there, learning the trade of stone cutter, where he remained until 1877, when he returned to England and enlisted in the English army, and was at once sent with his brigade to India to engage in the Afghanistan war; there he remained three years, endur- ing all the hardships of the Indian climate and native warfare; marching far into the interior, and meeting with numerous adventures; he was stricken with Indian fever. He was discharged May 11, 1881, having risen to the rank of cor))oral before leaving the service. From India he returned to England, where he remained a short time, and then came to America, locating at Wyalusing, and worked at the carpenter's trade about one year, then entered the employ of I. C. Fuller, as fore- man of his lumber mill, which jwsition he has since held. He was united in marriage January 20, 1885, with Mary, daughter of Jabob Vananken. a nurseryman and farmer of Wyalusing. To Mr. and Mrs. Harris 866 HISTORY OF BRADFORD ( OUNTY. have been born two chikli-en : Ellen and Clair; politically Mr. Harris is identified with the Democratic party; he is a member of White Lilly Lodge, No. 808, L O. O. F., and has taken all subordinate degrees. CHARLES \^. HARRIS, locomotive engineer, L. V. R. R., Sayre, is a native of Elmira, N. Y., and was born April 22, 185L "His parents were Joseph H. and Mary (Cooley) Harris, the former a native of Luzerne county, and the latter of Elmira, N. Y. The father, who was a farmer, was born in November, 1822, and died in St. Paul, Minn., in October, 1890; the mother resides in St. Paul. The great-grandfather Harris was a soldier in the Revolutionary AYar under Gen. Sullivan. Charles Y. is the eldest in a family of six children, of whom three are living. He was reared in Elmira, until the age of twelve years, when they removed to this county. He received a common-school education, and began braking on the L. Y. R. R. in April, 1873, and commenced firing in July, 1874; was promoted to engineer May 4, 1880, and has held the position since. He was married in Chemung in January, 1873, to Emma, daughter of Samuel and Melvina (Mower) Coddington, natives of Sullivan county, N. Y., former of whom was a millwright, and died in 1860; the latter now resides Avith Mr. Harris in Sayre. Mrs. Harris is the second in a family of three living children, and was born in Sullivan county, N. Y., in October, 1852. To Mr. and Mrs. Harris have been born three children : John C, Gu}^ M. and Jessie M. Mr. Harris is a member of the F. & A. M., Waverly Lodge, No. 407, of Cayuta Chapter, No. 245, of St. Oner's Commandery, No. 19, Elmira, also a member of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, Division No. 380. Mrs. Harris is a member of the Sexennial League. Mr. Han-is is a Republican. NATHANIEL CLAPP IIARPJS, president First National P.ank, xVthens, is the oldest living native of Athens, and he has never had any other residence. He was born on the 15th of March, 1820. His father, Alpheus Harris, a native of Connecticut, was one of the early settlers of Athens township. He resided on a farm near " Spanish Hill," until his death, about forty years ago. The subject of this sketch, like most boys of that time, had limited school facilities, and at a very early age, before he had reached his"' teens," left the school-room to engage as clerk in his uncle's store. Being endowed with a bright intellect, and possessed of a laudable ambition to excel in his chosen vocation, his spare moments were employed in laying the foundation for that broad and practical education upon which his success in life has been builded. Soon after attaining his majority, Mr. Harris was tendered and accepted a partnership with the late Col. Charles F. Welles, who had established a large general store here. Col. Welles being engaged in other business demanding his attention, the manage- jnerit of the store devolved largely upon the junior partner, and the business not only prospered, but the young man, by close application, sterling integrity and courteous manners, won an enviable rej)utation as the most ent(M'|)rising and successful business man in all this section. Largely through Mr. Harris's clforts the Fii'st National Hank was organized in 1805, and the following yeai' he was elected its President — HISTORY OF BltADFOKl) COUNTY. 86? a position he has ever since held — and under his management the bank has always ranked with the soundest financial institutions in the country. Politically, Mr. Harris was originally a Whig, and, naturally united with the Itebublican party with the large majority of Whigs, when that organization came into existence as the exponent of anti-slavery sentiment. By nature earnest and enthusiastic, he has always taken a liveW interest in politics, pureh^ from principle, as he has steadfastly declined proffered political honors; his only deviation in this regard was when he accepted the appointment of postmaster awa}' back in the forties, because the citizens requested it on account of the eligible location of his store. Hr. Harris is peculiarly a domestic man, and finds his chief recrea- tion in his own pleasant home, in the companv of his loyal and loving familv. He is an enthusiastic Athenian, ready to aid enterprises designed to build u]) the town or benefit any citizen. It is to his gen- erous, unselfish financial backing that Athens is indebted for some of her most prosperous industries. In his benefactions he is modest and unostentatious, but gives liberally to churches, schools and worthy charities, while conservative and economical in his personal ex])enses. The industrious habits, and careful business methods of his younger days are still observed, and few men give as many hours and as much thought to business as Mr. Harris, now in his seventy-second year. Thanks to abstinence from intoxicating liquors and tobacco, and to a proper observance of the laws of health, he is still as vigorous and active mentally and ph^^sically as most men in the prime of life. He can truthfully be said to possess "a sound mind in a healthy body." Mr. Harris has been twice married: the first time in 1853; his wife dying in 18G1, he was married the second time in 1863. The ladies were sisters, daughters of the late George Kirby, of Nichols, N. Y. Four children have been born to him, of whom one is dead, one mar- ried and the other two are still at home. As an upright, honorable citizen, a loyal Athenian, an enterprising, incorruptible, sagacious busi- ness man, as a kind husband and indulgent father, Mr. Harris may justly be pointed to as a model. DAVID W. IIARSHB AKGEK, physician. New Albany, was born in Centre county. Pa., June 27, 1829, '^ a son of Jacob and Hannah (Palmer) Harshbarger, the former of whom was born in Germany, and came to America about 1795, when six months old, with his parents, who settled in Centre county, Pa., and were farmers; he died at forty-five years of age; the mother was a native of New Jersey, and died at tlie age of sixty-six ; her maternal grandfather, Joseph Davis, was a soldier in the War of the Ilevolution, and served in the commis- sary department. Our subject was educated at the village school and Bellefonte, Pa., and was engaged in the milling business many vears ; he studied medicine in 1863-04-65 with Dr. L. A. Mason, of Towanda, Pa., and in April, 1866, engaged in the practice of his profession at New Albany, where he has enjoyed an extensive and lucrative prac- tice. He was married, March 9,1851, to Permelia Frank, of New Berlin, Pa., born January 14. 1825, a daughter of Phillip and Sarah (Shreftler) Frank, of German origin. There have been born to them 868 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. three children, as follows: Edward II., died at the age of twenty years; W. Frank, born November 11, 1853, a physician in New Albany ; Charles O., born October 6, 1857, in the furniture trade at Towanda. The Doctor is a member of the Count}' Medical Society, of the I. O. O. F., and is a Mason. He is a Kepublican in politics, but devotes liis attention exclusively to his profession, and has long been the lead- ing jihvsician in the township. JAMES A. HAWTHORN, farmer, P. O. Windfall, was born in Granville township, this county, April 16, 1844, a son of James and Mary (Ferguson) Hawthorn, natives of County Armagh, Ireland, who came to America in 1842, settling in Granville townshij), this county, where they improved a farm. They had five children who greu' to maturity, viz.: James A., John, Orrin, Frank and Mary, of whom James A. and John were in the Civil War, John serving one year in Company F, Eleventh Pa, Cavalry. James A. enlisted February 19, 1864 ; was wounded in the left thigh and left temple, in front of Petersburg, and was taken prisoner there, but was recaptured by his friends. He was honorably discharged from the service August 19, 1865. He carried a musket ball in his head twelve years, when it dropped out through his mouth. Since the war he has been engaged in agricultural pursuits on the farm where he now resides, in Granville township. On April 4, 1877, he married Gertrude, daughter of Silas and Sally (Ayres) Packard, of Canton township, this county, and has four children: Hugh, Carrie, Dent and Lou. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics is a Republican. HERT IIAVDEN, division freight agent for the L. V.R. R., Sayre, is a native of Sayre. this county, and was born March 19, 1844, a son of Sidney and Florilla E. (Miller) Hayden, natives of Connecticut. The father was born in Connecticut in 1813, and removed to this county about the year 1839; he was a brick manufacturer in early life, and then a contractor and builder. He was a Thirt\'-third Degree Mason, and was an author of considerable note on ]\Iasonic subjects; a work of marked ability written by him was "Washington and his Masonic Conijieers." He was ai)i)ointed postmaster at Sayre in 1885. and served until the time of his death April 4, 1890. ^ Mrs. Florilla E. Hayden died in 1868. l>ert Hayden is the second in order of birth in a family of four sons and one daughtei'. He Avent to work for the L. V. R. R. Company in 1870, and was promoted to his present position in July, 1887. He was married, in 1877. to Miss Ruth E. Lester, and to them were born two chihlren : Paul L. and Roi)ert. Mrs. Hayden is a member of tiio Episcopal Church; Mr. llavden is a Democrat. WILLIAM S. HEATH, farmer, of Hiirlington township, P. O. Purlington. was born in Wyoming county. Pa., September 14, 1829, a son of William A. and Watie (Adams) lleath, natives of Greenwich, Washington Co., N. Y., and of English extraction. They removed to this State when young people, ancl were early settlers in Wyoming county, whore they engaged in lumbei'ing and farming; they reared a rainily of six cliildi'en, one of whom. Charles, was a soldiei' in th(^(!ivil Wai'. William S. ILiath was brought u]) on the fai'ui, and engaged in lai'ining foi- iiiniseir w hen he ai'rived at his majority. He has been HISTORY OF HRADFORD COUNTY. 869 twice iricarried, first time to Esther Prentice, whom he married in 1849, and the}' had one son, and one daughter (deceased). Mrs. TIeath died m 1855, and September 27, 1856, Mr. Heath married Marv A. Jacoby, of AYyoming county, Avho was born April 9, 1831, a \hiughter of Leonard and Judith (Williams) Jacoby, of Mehoopany township. They have had born to them four ciiiklren, three of whom are living: Georo-e W., born August 7, 1859, a dealer in hay and grain ; Berton M., a farmer in Burlington township, born June 7, 1862, married to Eva Place, of Mehoopany; and Clark D., born June 17, 1868, a teacher of public schools. Eichard, the son by the first marriage, born June 16, 1854, is a coal miner, and resides in Tunkhannock. Mr. Heath removed in 1877 to his present farm in Burlington township, which consists of over 220 acres of fine land, where he and his sons carry on a general farming and dairying business. He is a Kepubli- can, but gives little attention to political matters. The family are consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and are much respected people. EDWARD HEIDT, Monroe township, P. O. Kipp, is a prominent farmer and stock grower, and is also a sawmill operator in Monroe and Overton townships. He is of German birth, born February 17, 1839, at Saxony, a son of Peter and Catherine (Oxrider) Heidt. The family came to America in 1853, and first stopped in Sullivan county, N. Y., where the father died in 1883, and the mother in 1887. Thev had a family of six children of whom Edward was the second. He con- tinued with his father's family until 1886, when he came to Bradford county and. located in Monroeton. His people were of the plain and frugal agricultural class, that ordinarily were satisfied to impress upon their children the most wholesome moral lessons, combined with instruction in industry and economy, restraining, rather than culti- vating, luxurious tastes and desires that in more modern times are largely forgotten in rearing children. Mr. Heidt commenced life on his own account poor, but has worked his way to comfoi-t and competence, and his homestead, with its solid evidences of comfort on every hand, consists of 450 acres of highly improved land, partly in Monroe and parti v in Overton township, which is not onlv highlv improved, but is well stocked with ' superior domestic animals. Edward Heidt and Mary Ilirwood were united in wedlock, October 24, 1865. Her father, John Ilirwood, and family came to America in 1853, and located in Sullivan county, N. Y. '^ To this happy union were born the following children: Gertrude, wife of Nelson Aladill: Catherine, wife of Albert McCadden ; Barbara, wife of George Green; John, died at the age of sixteen; Peter. Caroline, Elizabeth and Joseph. The family are exemplary members of the Poman Catholic Church, and all are of the highest respectability. Mr. Heidt votes the Democratic ticket, but really takes no further interest in politics than that of a patriotic desire for the permnnent irood of all. ALFRED C. HE \ SON, proprietor of Troy meat market, Troy, was born in West Burlington, this county, Julv 22, 1849, and is a son of Simeon and Julia A. (Corby) Henson. His paternal grandfather, Elisha Henson, formerly of Windham, Conn., was a pioneer of West 50 870 HISTORY OF BKADFOKD COUNTY. ])Urlington township, where he built a grist and saw mill, which he operated for some years, and later he purchased a farm in the same township, which he cleared and improved, and there died ; his wife was Experience Pratt, by whom he had six children: Erastus. Simeon, Simon, Martha (Mi's. David Corby), William and George. His mater- nal grandfather was John Corby, formerly of Newark, N. J., and a pioneer of Granville township, this county. Simeon Ilenson, father of our subject, was a native of Windham, Conn., was reared in West Burlington township, and followed farming- there until 1871; is now a resident of Troy. He had seven children who grew to maturity : Louise (Mrs. George Porter), Susannah (Mrs. Alden Fleming), Maria (Mrs. John Ray), Charles A., Betsey, Adelia (Mrs. Francis Chilton), Cordelia (Mrs. James Benjamin) ; the last two daughters were twins. Our subject was reared in West Burlington, was educated in the common school, and, after reaching his majority, engaged in farming, later at butchering, and in October, 1886, located in Troy, where he has since been the successful proprietor of the Troy meat market. He has been twice married: his first wife was Lucelia, daughter of D. W. C. Ay res, of Troy township, by whom he had two children : Hurley and Lottie; his second wife was Lelia, daughter of Ho3't Chaple, of Leroy township, by whom he liad two children: Horace and Hillis. Mr. Henson is a member of the Disciple Church, and he is a llepublican. MOSES D. HERMAN, farmer, P. (). Wellsburg, N. Y., was born October 10, 1821, in Monroe county. Pa., a son of Stephen and Eliza- beth (DePue) Herman, natives of the above county and of German ancestry, tlieir parents on both sides having been i)orn in. Germany. The father, who was a mason by trade, settled in Wellsburg in 1826, and in 1837 located in Ridgebur\' on a farm near where Moses D. now resides ; he died at the age of seventy-five years. The subject of this sketch was reared on the farm, which occupation he has continued to follow, and is now the owner of a well- improved farm of 100 acres. He was married Octobei' 29, 1844, t<.) Polly l)Urt. who was born Feb- ruary 12, 1823, daughter of John and Elizabeth (Hammond) I>urt, of Ridgebury. Her mother was a niece of Lebius Hammond, the cele- brated Lidian lighter in the time of the Revolution ; lier father was the first postmaster in Ridgebury. which position he held many years. Mr. and Mrs. Herman have had born to them children, as follows : Elizabeth, wife of James H. Wood, of Chemung county, N. Y., a farmer and supervisor of the town in which he lives (was lieutenant in the Civil War, in the service four years); Franklin, a farmer, married to ]\Lary Durlatid, of Wellsbui-g. N." Y.; Helen, wife of Leland J. Webb, an attoi-ney at law in Kansas, and the commandei'-in-chief of the Sons of \'eterans of the United States; Alice, wife of Edwin Westbrook, a conductor on the Lehigh Valley Railroad. Mr. Herman is a Republi- can in jKjlitics, having voted tlie Republican ticket since the organiza- tion of the ])ai'ty, l)Ut his sympiitliies are \v\t\\ the temperance cause; he has given his attention to his business j-atliei" than to ))olitics, and is much respected m the community. He was town cotnmissionerdui'ing the R*il>ellion, and devoted the most of his time to fui'iiishing men and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 8?1 money for the Union Army. He was dratted in 18(>4, but was exempt on account of disabilitv\ EDWARD CURRAN HERRICK (deceased) was a native of Athens, born June 22, 1814, and died JSTovember 18, 1884. He was a son of lion. Edward and Celestia (Hopkins) Herrick, beino- the second in a family of three children. He was educated for the bar, and studied law with his father, Judge Herrick; also devoted considerable time to art, but after a time had to give up the ])ractice of liis profes- sion on account of poor health; then turned his attention to farming and stock-raising. He was married in Athens, March 24, 1836, to Miss Eliza, daughter of Francis and Anna(McDuffee) Tyler, the former a native of Goshen, N. Y., and the latter of Ireland, having immigrated to Buck's county. Pa., with her parents, when two years of age ; from there they removed to Athens township (she was the second in a family of six children, and was born Jnly 28, 1813, died September 12, 1887). To Mr. and Mrs. Herrick were born five children, of whom one died in infancy : James AV. served during the Civil War, and his health becoming impaired while in the service, his father tiionght a change of climate might be beneficial to him, and consequently he bought a plantation in Camden county, Ga., containing 5.233^ acres ; he died November 4, 1878. George, who during his life had been cashier of the Waverly State Bank, died May 3, 1884. Hugh T. is a resident of Waverly. Edward Francis resides on the old liomestead in Athens township, and carries on farming and dairying. He is a Dem- ocrat. There are few names connected with the more modern history of Bradford county that will be longer remembered than that of Judge Herrick. JAMES W. HIBBARD, postmaster, and dealer in general mer- chandise, Austinville, was born in Minnisink, Orange Co., N. Y., December 18, 1848, and is a son of Daniel W. and Lucy (Ilulse) •Ilibbard. He was reared in his native county until eighteen years of age, when he located at Roseville, Tioga Co., Pa., and engaged as clerk in a general store, serving in that capacity seven years. In tlie latter part of 1875 he located at Austinville, this county, where he succeeded to the general merchandising business of the late A. B. Austin, and has conducted a successful trade since. He has held the office of post- master since January 25, 1886. In October, 1871, Mr. Hibbard mar- ried Julia A., daughter of John and Julia (Lay) Furman, of Bradford county, and has three children : Gertrude, Florence and Mabel. Mr. Hibbard is the only dealer in general merchandise at Austinville, and is an enterprising and worthy citizen. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., No. 326. of Austinville, and in politics he is a Democrat. MAURICE MICKEY, farmer, in Warren township, P. O. Warren Centre, is a native of County Clare, Ireland, born in 1829, a son of James and Catharine ( McNamarra) Hickey, natives of the same "ould sod," a family of sturdy yeomen who migrated from the "beautiful isle" in A|)ril. 1841, bringing a family of ten children, in time to have their household ready for the Civil War. The family located on the farm now occupied by the subject of this sketch, where the father died in 1876, aged eighty-two years, and where his widow survived to the 872 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. extreme ao:e of ninety-seven, dying in 1887. Their ten immigrant children, of whom Maurice is the sixth, and was aged twelve when he reached the land of the free, received his education in the schools of the neighborhood in Warren township, and commenced life on his own account, a farmer. He owns 110 acres of as valuable land as is to be found in the county. He was married in Sus(juehanna county. May 1, 1851:, to Ann Ryan, daughter of Thomas and Jane (Hastings) Ryan, also natives of Countv Clare, Ireland ; her father's family came to this country in 1831, including two children, Edmund and Ann, the former of wliom was killed in the Warof the Rebellion. Mrs. Hickey's mother died in Ireland in 1833, and her father in Warren township in 1877. Ann grew to womanhood chiefly in her native jilace, and there was educated. To this marriage thei'e is no issue, but Mr. and Mrs. Hickey have reared three children, as follows: Alice (Mrs. John J. Fitzmorton), of Elmira(has two children, Walter and Jane); James a resident, it is supposed, of California, a commercial traveler; and Annie, who is with her parents. The family are exemplary and prominent members of the Catholic Church, and in politics Mr. Hickey is a Demo- crat. The brothers and sisters of Mr. Hickey were as follows : Mary (Mrs. James Allyn), died in 1885, leavins: five children ; Cornelius, married to Mary O'Donnell, has three children, and is a resident of Rhode Island ; John, married to Mary Carey, resides at Owego (has five children); Ann (Mrs. Cornelius Conley, is in Susquehanna county, has seven children); Catherine (Mrs. -John Gamble, in Wisconsin, has nine children); Ellen (]\[rs. Richard O'Donnell, in Binghainton, had twelve children, seven living); Bridget (Afrs. Edward Rurk, of Susque- hanna countv, has three children); Margai-et (IVfrs. Michael Fitz- gerald, of Iowa, has five children); and James (married to Ellen Connors, is a resident of Pittsburgh, has six children). A. H. HICKOIv, farmer, South Creek township, P. O. Fassetts, was born in Troy, February -l, 1821, a son of Stephen and Ruth (Elsworth) Ilickok. natives of Yermont. Their grandfathers were Revolutionary soldiers, descended from English ])arentage. Stephen Ilickok removed to this county about 179o, locating near Troy; he was a carpenter, which trade he followed ; he lived near Troy about thirty years, then moved to Columbia Cross Roads where he resided fifteen years. He died in 1856 in his seventy-sixth year; his famil}' consisted of six children, five of whom grew to maturity and two are now living. The subject of these lines was the third of the family, and was reared and educated in Troy at the common school; when twenty-six years of age. May. 1847, he married Ilulda. daughter of Nicholas B. and Anna Smitli,of Columbia Cross Roads, and there were four children born to them who grew to maturity, three now living, as follows: William, married to Ella Stratton, Nicholas and Thadeus ; the two latter are unmarried. Mr. Ilickok is a general farmer and has lived twenty-five years on his i)rcsent farm which consists of 100 aci'es of fertile land ; he contemplates building a new residence in the near future ; he has two fine colts, of registei-ed horses " Amei'ica Emjiron " and " Ilamble- toniun." Mr. Ilickok is an enterprising citizen. HISTORY OF imADI'OKr) COUNTY. 873 NEWTON FIICKOIv. i)r()i)rietor of hilliard parlors, Troy, was born in Troy township, liradford Co., Fa.. yepteinl)er 27, ISiG, and is a son of Aaron R. and Clarissa A. (Middaugh) llickok ; his paternal grandfather. Steplien Ilickok, formerly of Pittsford, Rntland Co.. Vt., settled in Troy township, this county, in 1807, and for many years was employed at Long's mills; his children were: Aaron R., Deborah (Mrs. F. Ashley). Aaron R. Ilickok was reared in Troy from three years of age, and in early life settled on the farm now owned by subject, whicli he cleared and improved, and there died ; his wife was a daughter of Cornelius Middaugh, of Tioga county, Fa., by whom he had the following named children : William L., Fhebe A. (Mrs. Reuben Stiles), Henry II., Stephen C, Helen M. (Mrs. Jareu S. Man- ley), Manley and Newton. Our subject was reared in Troy township; he enlisted' in the Civil War, October 16, 1861, in Company C, One Hundred and Sixth Fennsylvania Volunteers, and after three years' service was honorably discharged, October 18, 1864, he participating in forty engagements and skirmishes. From October, 1864, to 1876 he was engaged in farming on the old homestead, which he still owns, and from 1876 to 1889 conducted a meat market in Troy, since which time he has been the pro])rietor of a billiard parlor in Troy. In 1879 he married Georgia, daughter of Hiram Sweet, of Wellsburg, Fa. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. and G. A. R.; in politics he is a Republican. FRANCIS R. HICKOCK, farmer, F. O. LeRoy, was born in Troy township, this county, May 11, 1837, a son of Hiram H. and Fanny (Kipp) Ilickock, natives of Troy and Ulster county, N. Y., respect- ively. Grandfather James Hickock was a man of enterprise, and was engaged in various pursuits; had been a hotel-keeper, cloth-fuller and was also a farmer on a limited scale; he located in Troy in 1809, and erected the first foundry there. Hiram H. Hickock's family consisted of three sons and three daughters, the subject of these lines being the eldest. He was reared in Troy, and educated in the common school. During the War of the Rebellion he served his country in Company C, Third Fennsylvania Artillery, headquarters at Fortress Monroe. After serv- ing a term of two years, he was honorably discharged, and now draws a pension of $8.00 per month. He has never married, but lives with his mother on a small and comfortable farm on the Towanda creek ; he is a member of the G. A. R. Fost, also of the I. O. O. F., and in politics he is a Repul>lican. F. M. HICKS, contractor and builder, Rome, is a native of Wysox, this county, born July 21, 1S47, and is a son of Hugh and Catherine (Miller) Ilicks, agriculturists, the father a native of Warren county, N. J. The paternal grandfather, with two brothers, emigrated from London in Colonial times, and all three served under Gen. Washino-ton. The -maternal grandfather was F. Miller (v/idely known as " Freddie"), who was an inn-keeper near Washington, N. J., where he died, aged ninety, and his wife, of German descent, died at the advanced age of ninety-six. The father of F. M. Hicks had a family of seven children, as follows : Willie (died young), Sarah M., John, Jane M., George Oliver, F. M. and Norman. Hugh Hicks died in May, 1877; his 874 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUXTY. widow survives, aged seventy-six years. F. M. was obliged to quit school at the age of nine, on account of ill-health, and when but four- teen years old, July 8, 1861, he enlisted as a drummer in the Twenty- eighth P. V. I., and was soon after discharged, but again enlisted, in 1863, in the emergency call of the State, where he served three months, and in December. 1863, again enlisted, at Owego, N. Y., in Company L, Fifth New York Cavalry, Capt. George C. Morton, and was in the service until finally mustered out, June 19, 1865, having experienced as hard service as did any of the survivors of the war. He was in the battles of the Wilderness, Hanover Court House, and in Wilson's unfor- tunate raid, where the Union forces were disastrously defeated, ant! among the prisoners captured by the enem\' was Mr. Hicks. An account of his months of prison life, from June 28, 1864, until April following, is a story of unspeakable horrors, and his unvarnished stoiw, told without passion, is well-nigh incredible, when taken with the fact that he survives to tell it. In sickness, starvation, covered with vermin, and exposed to the ))itiless elements, and under the sleepless eye of ofuards that were instructed to shoot down victims for small infraction of the rules, and then at times sentenced to the yet greater agonies of the dungeon, a veritable " Black Hole" itself, without ventilation, and with puddles of water for beds, were the long-drawn-out da3'S and months of this captive's experience. Having experienced the worst of Libby and Anderson ville, under the lieartless Wiltz, and others no less cruel, he was finallv carried to Riciimond on the wa-y to an exchange, and from there to Goldsboro. The awful condition of the sufferers is slightly shown in the fact that, of twent3'-eiglit who had been loaded in a box car, nineteen were dead when the box was opened at Rich- mond. From Goldsboro he was sent to Egan's landing, and then sent by ambulance to the Union lines, and transpoi'ted to the AnnapoHs IIos|)ital, and after long suffering, when able to walk, was sent homecui furlough. When captured he weighed 168 })ounds, and when sentliome, ninety-six pounds. In 1866 he learned the carpenter's and joiner's trade at Williamsport, then removed toTowanda, and worked in Frost's factory until 18Y3, when he returned to Williamsport, and was pat- tern-maker one year; then made his home in Home, and engaged as contractor and house builder until 1877, when, with his brother, lie engaged in the furniture trade, Avhich thev continued until 1880. In that \'ear he went to Philadelphia, and became a commercial travehM- for the house of Wanamaker, and represented various houses, but, his health failing, he returned to his present home. F. M. Hicks and Charlotte ^lann were joined in wedlock in June, 1865 ; she is a daughter of Samuel and Sarah (Weaver) Mann, n:itives of New York. To this union have been born the following chihh'en : Nellie M.; Charles Whitney, farmer, in Wysox; Samuel, l)ookkeej)er, in Pliiladelj)hia; Mary and George, with their parents. The family worshij) at the Presby- terian Church, and are widely esteemed by all who enjoy their inti- macy in social life. Mr. Hicks is not only a prominent Democrat, but is a member of the State Democratic Central Committee ; is a charter member of Stevens Post, No. 69, G. A. R., and has tilled all the offices except commander, and is a member of the Cavalry Society of the United States, HISTORY OF HKADFORI) COUNTY. 875 MRS. DOLLY HILL, Windliam townshij), V. O. iXoitli Orwell. " This venerable Mothei- in Israel " has come to us from a foi-mer oen- eration, a typical heroine of the '" kingdom of the dead yesterdays," and the story of her strange, eventful life may well be reck(;ned in'this age as a part of sacred history. Her father was Thomas Fox, who died in 1827, and her mother survived until 1854. John Hill was the father of Chester Hill; he came from Massachusetts to Owego, and settled on the place called the "Deep Well District;" he was a mechanic and put up the first frame house in Owego ; he had preceded his family to the wild western wilderness, antl when he sent for them to join him, the brave mother iiired a man to transport herself and eight children to Otsego lake, where she purchased canoes, lashed them together, loaded them, mostly with children, and bravelv floated doAvn to Owego. The family remained at this phice until 18i'2, when they came to Orwell. Altogether there were eleven children in this famdy. The descendants of John Hill number 160, and at a recent family reunion were the twin sons. Chauncey and Chester, aged eighty- six, who were a part of the " luggage "' in that canoe voyage mentioned above, which was made in 1791. Of these twins, Chester Hill married Dolly Fox, who was born in Glastonbury, September 11, 1796, the daughter of Thomas and Chloe Fox, and came to Bradford county, in 1798 with her fatiier's family, and went to the public schools in Orwell; in her father's family were six children, of whom she w^as the fifth. She was married in 1814 to Chester Hill, then just returned from the War of 1812. They settled in Orwell (where the husband died February 23, 1879, aged eighty-seven, and to them were born children as follows: Eliza, wife of James Higgins, with whom the mother resided at time of her decease; Cornelia, wife of David Nichols; George S., who married Mary Ann Pressure, and has four children (he was a soldier in the Civil' War, and died in the service); hloe, wife of J.O.Frost, of Towanda; Lavina, wnfe of Edwin Allis; Chauncey, of Orwell, who married Sarah Tvrell, and after her death married Sarah Buttles ; Almira, wife of Ebenezer Snell, of Tike town- ship; Susan A., wife of Harlow Buttles, of Orwell: Orrin, who mar- ried Adele McQuary; and Emeline, wife of Nehemiah Neal, of Nichols, N. Y. Mr. and Mrs. James Higgins had born to them nine children as follows: Albert C, born August 1, 1837; Franklin, born February 21, 1839; Mervin, born July 11. 1841 (he enlisted in the liftieth Eegi- ment, Company G, w^as wounded and taken prisoner, and died in Salis- bury prison after being in ])rison five months; he had served three years, and had been in twenty-nine hard-fought battles); Adeline E., born April 18, 1844; Emeline\S., born November 4, 1846, wife of Eli Morris; Charles O., born Septeml)er 6, 1849, died April 2, 1855; Rhoda G., born June 11 1854, wife of Aaron VanEtten; 011a A., born June 4, 1856. wife o, George Towner; Hortense, born Jul v 10, 1859, wife of James Simons. Mrs. Chester Hill died May 19, 1891, aged ninety-five years, eight months, and at the time of "her death there were eighty-eight great-grandchildren, and five great-great-grand- children. STO HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, CHAUNCEY HILL, retired farmer, of Orwell township, P. O. South Hill was born in Orwell township, on the farm now owned by Daniel Board man, December 28, 1829, and is a son of Chester and Dolly (Fox) Hill. He was reared on a farm and received his education in the common schools, and resided with his uncle George Fox, who was an extensive stock dealer, and assisted driving his cattle to market. After reaching his majority he engaged in farming, and purchased a farm of sixty acres, which he conducted fourteen years; then sold it to G. M. Prince, and purchased the "Old Gibl)s" farm of seventy-four acres. In 1886 he sold 135 acres to John Phillips, and owns the remainder, and also some valuable jiropertv on Orwell hill. He has been twice married, the first time, June 18, 184:9, to Sarah, daughter of Jleuben Tyrell.a pioneer of AVindham township, and by this marriage had four children: M. A., married to Eliza Biggsby; Dora, married to Walter Wat- erman, now a widow ; Nora, married to Ira Morris, and one Avho died in infancy. His first wife died May 16, 1886, and December 17, 1887, he married Sarah, widow of Samuel F. Buttles, a daughter of Jonas and Sarah (Shuman) Lear; she was born in Bucks county, Pa., March 28, 1845. Of her father's family of six children she was the youngest; she was first married June 24, 1866, and had four children, viz. : Cora, born April 20, 1867; Lizzie, born May 2, 1870; Emily, born Novem- ber 23, 1877; and Ada, born October 16, 1879. The house they now occupy was built by her husband, Samuel Buttles, before the war. Her father was born in 1806, and still lives in Herricksville. Slie is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Hill is a llepubli- can, and has held the various township offices. Mr. and Mrs. Hill have a large circle of friends, and enjoy life; they are prepared to pass the autumn of existence unvexed by storms or ill-winds, and are noted for their social qualities and great liospitality. EDGAP J. HILL, a popular jeweler of Troy, was born in Sullivan, Tioga Co., Pa., on August 17, 1852, and is a son of Garnwood 11. and Alpha (Palmer) Hill; his paternal grandparents, William and Polly (Iloj)kins) Hill, and maternal grandparents, Stephen and Lydia (Case) Palmer, of New England, were pioneers of Tioga county. Pa. Our subject was reared in his native county, and educated in the com- mon schools, he learned the jewelers trade with his brother, and in J 876 located in Troy, where for four years he was employed in a cooper shop. In 1880 he embarked in the jewelry business, in which ho has since continued, and has built up a successful business. He married, October 5, 1875. Myra S., daughter of Ilezekiali C. and Julia (Sherman) Dickinson, of Troy, by whom he has two children: Vivian E, and Charles S. Mr. Hill is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; is a Sir Knight Tem])lar, and in politics is a Ke|)ublican. JOHN L. HILL, farmer. Standing Stone township, P. O. Wysox, was born in Sussex county. New Jersey, April 7, 1844, and his father, Michael Hill, was born in tlie same place, also his grandfather, Uriah Hill, who married Sally lUackford and had three children: Andrew; Judy, wife of Elias Culver; and Michael. The last named was educated in Standing Stone township, where he lived until his fourteenth year, when he went back to New Jersey and was apprenticed to a tanner. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 877 After learning his trade, he followed it and farniin*,^ until his deatli in March, 1887. He married Susan Martin, daughter of -Jacob and Phebe (Hall) Martin, and had ten children : Mary A., wife of John K. Fox; Jacob N.; Caroline, wife of John McCracken ; Geoig-e B.; Kobert ; John L.; Hester, wife of Henrj^ Mitten; Obadiah; Eichard M.. and Matilda C, wife of John Layton. Mrs. Michael Hill died February 28, 1889. John L. Plill was educated in New Jersey until his twentietii year, and began farming, when he came to Standing Stone in 1805, and purchased in 1880, from David Dixon, fifty acres, his present farm. He was school director three terms, and politically is a Democrat. He married, in August, lS66,Sarah, daughter of Isaac and Rebecca (Schoon- over) Lundy; she was the seventh of ten children. To this union were born seven children: Alice E. (deceased); Manning L. (deceased); Frankie; Ella, wife of Howard Brown ; Tillie; Flora and Jessie. Mr. and Mrs. Hill and family belong to the Methodist Episcopal Churcli, but attend all churches. JONATHAN A. HILL, of Monroe township, P. O. Powell, was born in Milo, Me., January 15, 1831, and is the eldest of the six chil- dren of Hezekiah and Emily M. Hill, natives of New Hampshire, and of English origin ; his great-grandfather was an English officer in the Eevolutionary War. The Hills, on the maternal side, continued in the regular army until the Civil War. Jonathan A. Hill was educated in the common school and in the Corinna Academy at Corinna, Me., and began life for himself at twenty, learning the tanner's trade, which he has since followed, except four years spent in the army. He enlisted at Augusta, Me., November 2, 1801, as captain of Company K, Eleventh Eegiment Maine Infantry, and in Gen. Keyes' corps in the Peninsular campaign in 1802, then went to Morris Island, Charleston Harbor, with Gen. Terry, and in 1801 came back and was assigned to the Army of the James under Gen. Benjamin F. Butler; was promoted to major, June 17, 1804, and June 25, 1804, to lieutenant-colonel; he lost his right arm at Deep Eun, August 10, 1804, and rejoined his regiment the following November, and was promoted to colonel. He was \vith Gen. Dandy's brigade. Gen. Foster's division and Gibbon's corps in tlie last campaign from Petersburg to Appomattox Court House; was taken prisoner on the morning of April 9, 1805, and was a prisoner until the surrender of Lee ; he was brevetted brigadier-general, April 9, 1805, and detailed as president of military commission at Eichmond until October, and was then sent in command of the Northwestern DepartmentofYirginia, with headquarters at Lynchburg, and in Janu- ary, 1800, to the northeastern part of Virginia, with headquarters at Fredericksburg; in February, 1800, he went to City Point, Va., where he mustered out the last volunteers in Virginia, and then took his regi- ment to Augusta, Me., where they disbanded February 9, 1800. He was postmaster at Auburn, N. Y., in 1807, and then returned to the tanning business in northern New York in 1808, and went into partnership with Thomas E. Proctor, of Boston, Mass., in 1881, at Greenwood, Powell P. O., where he has erected a beautiful residence, and removed his family to that place in 1890. Gen. Hill married, January 10, 1850, Miss Lucy M., daugliter of Rev. Robert R. and Margaret (Ulmer) Oib HISTORY OF BRADl-ORD COUNTY. Eichards, of Kockland, Me., who were of Scotch and German origin. They have five chihh-en, viz.: llattie M., born in 1857. married to W. W. Clark, lawyer, of Way land, JS'. Y,; Katie E., horn in 1859, married to M. Claud Gregg', merchant tailoi-, Rochester, N. Y.; Lulu M., born in March, 1862, married to Dr. James Wallace Douglass, Jjoonville, N. Y'.; George R., born in 1867, married, September 2, 1891, to Miss Mabel L. Snow, of Boonville, N. Y., and is in the employ of his father at Forest- port, N. Y.; and Jonathan A., Jr., Avho is at present taking a course at Hamilton College. Our subject is a member of the Military Order of Loyal Legion of the United States, New York Commandery; a Royal Arch Mason at Bangor, Me., and is a Republican in his political views. LORENZO D. HILL, builder and contractor, Burlington, was born in Burlington, this county, November 5, 1840, a son of George C. and Fanny (Brown) Hill, former of whom was a native of Connecticut, a farmer, bridge-builder and a wagon-maker, and latter a native of Wyalusing. this county. Their family consisted of twelve children, nine of whom grew to maturity, the subject of this memoir being the fifth in the family. The father died in June, 1888, at the age of seventy-nine years, and the mother in October, 1870, at the age of fifty-eight years. Lorenzo D. Hill was reared on a farm, and to the trade of his father. In 1868 he embarked in business as an architect and builder, and he has carried on an extensive business in several towns of the county. He also owns a fine farm near Burlington village. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I., and at once joined the Army of the Potomac ; was wounded at the battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862, by the explosion of a shell, from which he was so much disabled as to cause his discharge, and he is now a pensioner. He was married November 5. 1863, to Emma A. Kingsley, who was born July 29, 1841, daughter of Harmon S. and Susan A. (Bush) Kingslev, former of whom, born in East Smithfield, this county, April 12, 1816, died in March, 1889, aged seventy-three years, and latter, born in Rhode Island, ]\Iarc!i 19, 1818, died at the age of sixty-three years. To Mr. and Mrs. PI ill have been born two sons : Seaver D., married to Lizzie Watters, and Dean W. Mr. Hill is a Republican, has held several positions of public trust, and is a member of the G. A. R. Tiie family are consistent members of tiie Methodist Episcopal Church, and take an active interest in the Sunday-school. RANDOLPH P. HILL, merchant and postmaster, lUirlington, was born in the village of Burlington, this county, January 23, 1850, a son of Sherman II, and Julia A. (Poi'ter) Hill, the former a nativeof Vermont, born of French extraction on the maternal side of Irish origin ; he is still living at the age of seventy -seven years ; isafarmerandmill-wright, also the owner of a fine farm of 200 acres ; has been a Republican and has served in the council of the borough since its formation, and was burgess of the village; is a stanch suj)porter of the Union Church and is one of its oflficers. Grandfather Hill located in Susquehanna county in the early part of this century, settling in the wilderness and clearing a large farm. Randol|)h P. was reared on the farm, educated in the schools of the village and at the Troy graded school. He I HISTORY OF BIlAnFORD COTNTY. 879 engaged in farmino-, at which lie continued nine years, when, in March, 1883, he embarked in niercanlilo trade at Burlington, where he has since enjoyed a large patronage, being the leading man in the trade of the township. lie was apiwinted postmaster at the com- mencement of the present administration. On October 29, 1873, Mr. Hill was married to Ceha Pratt, of West Burlington, this county, born November 14, 1850, a daughter of Perry B. and Bets}^ A. (Phelps) Pratt, of English origin and natives of this county. To Mr. and Mrs. Hill have been born four children: Sherman H., Anna Laura, Harry Howard and Lulu Betsy. He is a Republican, and takes an active intei'est in the affairs of the town and county ; is a member of the L O. O. F., and is one of the progressive men of the townshi|). ALBERT SAMUEL HILLIS, farmer in Herrick township. P. (). Rummertield Creek, was born in Herrick township, this county, Janu- ary 2, 1852. His father, William Hillis, was born in Ireland in 1823, and came to this county in 1839 ; he worked for Francis Stethers, his brother-in-law, one year, then went to Laceyville and worked two years. On July 3, 1841, he married Caroline, daughter of Peter and Levina Hallock, nativ^es of New York (she was the seventh in a family of ten children) ; he came to Herrick township, locating on his present farm, and partly erected a log house; then in company with John Nesbit and Richard Hillis he went to Laceyville for his wife and household effects. When they returned, it was early in the evening in November, and there were two feet of snow on the ground ; thev could have no lire, as the fireplace had not been completed ; neither was there a floor, door or window in the house. The larger portion of their goods was left out in the snow all night, but they managed to put up a bed, and retired. The next day he finished the fireplace and built a rousing fire ; the window he made of glass which he had brought from Laceyville; the door was made of rough slabs, fastened together with wooden pins and hung on wooden hinges. His wife aided him in laying the floor, which was made of rough slabs similar to the door, and then he divided his house into a dining-room, bed-room and pantry ; after this everything went along pleasantly. His first prop- erty was the DuPont tract, seventy-six acres of which was paid for the following winter. He sold to" A. Newell 200,000 feet of lumber which he was to cut and skid, and receive $2.00 per thousand. He worked from the early part of Decemlier to about the first of March, and completed his task ; but to do so he was compelled to rise at 4 A. M., and frequently would not finish his day's work until 9 p. m. Li 1847 he and his brother Samuel purchased fifty-two acres on which his present home now stands, and they have lived together ever since. He afterward added more, and built his present house in 1853. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and politically is a Democrat. His wife died October"27, 1890; they had six children, as follows: Mahaley (wife of J. A. Rolls), Harriet (wife of R. S. Hankinson), Wilbert, Albert S., Mary (deceased), and one child that died in infancy. Albert S. Hillis was educated in his native place until his nineteenth year, then worked at home on the farm until the fall of 1880, when his father built him a house, and he and his brother Wilbert have 880 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUKTY. since managed their father's farm, lie married, Januar}'- 28^ 1880, Ella Jane, daugiiter of David and Margaret Jane (Lee) Nesbit, the second in a family of seven children, five of wiiom are living. Mi", and Mrs. Ilillis have had two children, namely : Ernest Arthur, born February 11, 1887, and Hallock Lee, born December 10, 1888. Mr. Hi His is'a Democrat, and is much esteemed as one of the industrious and reliable men of the county. JOHN BARTLETT HINDS, farmer, Wysox township, was born Febi'uarv 10, 1816, a son of Abinoham and Rachel (Vail) Hinds, the former of whom was a sailor, and married, for his first wife, Susanna Snow, and they had ten children ; he settled in Susquehanna county about 1790, and married his second wife, Rachel Vail, who bore him eight children, of whom the first died in infancy, and John B. was the second. The subject of this memoir was placed upon his own resources at the age of thirteen, and when fourteen began an apprenticeship at the carpenter's and joiner's ti'ade, which he has since followed, to some extent as a contractor and general builder. He purchased his present home, in 1861, of M. Reed ; in 1860 he was appointed door-keeper of the Senate at Harrisburg, which position he held six N'ears. During the war he made frequent visits to the battle-field, and rendered much private assistance to his Bradford county friends, whom he found in distress; he volunteered for active service, but was rejected. In 1864 he was appointed, by Gov. Curtin, commissioner of the army, to receive the votes of the soldiers; in 1871 was elected commissioner of Brad- ford county ; has also held the office of town commissioner, triennial assessor and school director ; has frequently acted as attorney before justices, having had as many as twenty-five cases in a single year. Mr. Hinds was married. March 2, 1834, to Sarah E., daughter of Jonathan and Betsey (Dart) Wood, early settlers in Susquehanna count3\ and thev have had children, as follows : Mariette, born December 28, 1834, mari'ied to J. S. Frink, of Rome; Agnes L., born May 22, 1838, died January 19, 1854 (her father was wont to speak of her as a bright, sweet girl); Adelaide, born March 6, 1840, died May 6, 1840; Eliza J., born June 9, 1842, died September 23, 1849 ; Adolphus IL, born Sep- tember 7, 1844; Eliza A., born March 6, 1847, married A. F. Eddy, a blacksmith, of Rome township; Charles H., born May 30, 1849, died September 23, 1851 ; Charlotte E., born July 7, 1851, died June 1, 1854; Charles D., born May 2, 1853, died September 3, 1854; Ella May, born July 13, 1855, married to J. R. Furman, of Towanda; John Fremont, born July 15, 1859, married and living at home. Mrs. Hinds died April 14, 1883, and Mr. Hinds was then married to Mary E., daughter of E. Furman and Amanda (Forbes) Harnes. Mr. Hinds is an enthusiastic adherent of the Re|)ublican party. A. H. IITXDS, farmer, Wysox, P. (). AVysox, was born in Bridge- water, Sus(juehanna Co., Pa., September 7, 1844, and is a son of John B. and Sarah (Wood) Hinds. He purchased his present home of 130 acres in 1868, where lie has since been engaged in farming; also operated a threshing machine twelve seasons. Mr. Hinds was mar- ried, ^[arch 28, 186f;, to Miss Ilattie. daughter of Eaden and Matikhi (Walker) Titus, of Herrick, and they have three children: Jennie L,, HISTORY OF HRADFOIU) COUNTY. 881 born September 30, 1867; S. Mantie, born July 4. 1870, and J. Edward, born September 1, 1875. Mr. Hinds in his political relations affiliates with the Republican party. ORLIN W. IIOAGLTN, of Rome township, farmer and stock grower, P. O. Myersburg, was born on the farm he now occu])ies, March 11, 1867, "a son of William and Harriet (March) Hoaglin, natives of New York, who came to Bradford county in 1852, and located where Orlin W. now lives. His father, who was accidently shot, was a farmer, and had three children, viz.: John M., a carpenter; Mary T., married to Pearly Simmons, and Orlin W". The latter was reared on his father's farm, and attended the common schools of Wysox until nineteen, when he began the occupation of farming, taking entire charge of the old homestead farm, which consists of 100 acres, finely improved, which he manages with great skill and good judgment ; he is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, is a stanch Republican, and, while vet a young farmer, he is well and favorably known as a leading and influential man in the countv. BURDICK H. HO BART, of Hobart & Rockwell, harness-makers, Troy, was born in Amherst, >>iagara Co., N. Y., December 1, 1833, a son of Harry W. and Augusta (Phelps) Hobart, and is of English and Welsh descent. He was reared in his native State, and served an apprenticeship of three years at the harness trade in Truxton, Cort- land Co., IST. Y., after which lie purchased the business of his employer and continued it for eight years. In March, 1806, he located in Troy as a member of the harness firm of Hobart & Porter, which partner- ship existed twenty-three years, where he built up an extensive and successful trade. Since 1888 the business has continued as Hobart & Rockwell. Mr. Hobart was married, January 1, 1862, to Susan, daughter of Leonard Bradford, of Rhode Island, and has one daughter, Alice L. (Mrs. Charles Cosper). Mr. Hobart is a well-known and respected citizen of Troy; is a F. iSz A. M., and has served as a mem- ber of the council of the borough several terms ; in politics he is a Republican. CHARLES M. HOFFMAN, mechanic, Wyalusing, was born in New York, October 21. 1850, and is a son of George and Elizabeth (Sher- wood) Hoffman. His father was a lumberman and mill owner, but upon his wife's death, which occur-red a few years after the birth of Charles M., he went to Kentucky, where he married the second time. Charles made his home with his uncle, Edward Skeel, of Pike township, wliere he resided on a farm about fifteen years, attending the common schools. When nineteen years old he became an apprentice in the harness shop of E. S. Fuller, of Camptown, where he remained five years; he was then, for about eighteen months, a clei'k in the store of C. S. Lafferty, of Camptown, then for several years worked at his trade in Stevensville and Elmira, after which he returned to Pike township and farmed a short time; then he worked for Mr. Fuller for a while, then came to Wyalusing, clerking first for John Howard, and afterward in the Wyalusing Creamery, where he 3'et remains, having been there over four years. He was married, January 14, 1877, to 882 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUKTY. Subiiiah J>eiidei\ daughter of Jacob Bender, of Stevensville ; they have one child : Allie E. Mr. Hoffman is a Repnbhcan in politics. GEOllGE :^[. HOFFMAN, farmer, of Terry townsliip, P. O. Evergi-een, was born in Terr}' township, this county, January 4, 1S54, a son of riiillip and Margaret (Ilinderer) Hoffman. His father was born in Monroe count}^ Pa., September 23, 1817; his mother was a native of Germany, born in 1829; they Avere married February 13, 181:7. PhiHip Hoffman removed to this county about 1836, locating in Terry townsliip on the farm now owned by his son George M. At that time there was an old log house on it, with a clearing of three- quarters ol" an acre. He confined himself to agricultural pursuits, when by haid labor and economy he cleared a farm and made a pleasant home for himself and family, and lived on this same farm until his death in 1888, at the age of seventy-one years. He had seven children, five of whom grew to maturity, and four are now" living. George M., the subject of this sketch, is the third member of the family, and was reared and educated at the common schoobbeingayoungman of energy and enterprise. At the age of twenty-two he married Miss Kosey, daughter of Shubel and Luretta Bowman, and by this marriage there were born to them four children, all living at present : Leon, aged thirteen; Susan, aged eleven ; Nancy, aged nine; Clarence, aged six. Mr. Bowman, father of Mrs. Hoffman, was a native of Terry township, and now resides in the house where he was born; he was at one time a hotel-keepei'. and has been of great service to his township; has held the offices of constable and collector. Mr. Hoffman is a general and prosperous farmer, paying particular attention to grain-raising and hay-making; he is of more of a speculative turn of mind than his father or brothers; is a self-made man, having bought out the four living heirs by paying five hundred and forty dollars ($540) to each of them as their portion ; he has been honored by his townsmen in electing him to offices of trust and responsibility, and is a genial man of sterling ((ualities. (rEOliGE O. HOLCOMB, capitalist, Troy, was born in the town of Lewis, Essex Co., N. Y., April 25, 1851, and is a son of Obed G. an Sophronia (Phelps) Ilolcomb, and is of English descent. His earliest known ancestors was one of three brothers who came to America in the ship ''Mai'v and John," in Puritan times, and was left an orphan when five veai's of age. At tiie aii'e of sixteen (4eoi-ge i)egan life for himself as a farm hand, and worked foi- .^K! ))er month. From his eight months' wages of ^128 he put $125 at interest at 7 per cent, and the year following Avorked at the same wages, and during the winter worked for his board and attended the district schools. In 1867 he attended the union school, at Elizabethtown, N. Y., and in the fall of 18<»8 began teaching, and followed that occu))ation four years. In the fall of 1869 he passed an academical examination ; also studied law three yeai's with Hon. A. ('. Hand iS: Son, of Eli/.abethtown. and in 1874 went to Philadelphia to liil a j)ositit)n as con-esponding (;lei-k for s«'veral Insurance companies, but soon after was engaged as a clerk in the importing de|)artment of a Fancy Notion store, and held that position one year. In April, 1876, he was employed by the United HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 883 States Centennial Conimission, under Ileniy Pellitt, chief of tlie Bureau of Installation, as general clerk, and remained with that commission until April, 1877, when he was appointed chief clerk of the department, which had charge of all applications for tickets by exhibitors in the main building, and also had charge of all goods received, both American and foreign, throughout the exhibition. After the close of his labors there, he accepted a position in the law and collecting agency of McKillop & Co., of New York, with whom he remained two months, then located in Troy, Pa., where he was station agent for the Northern Central Railroad until 1888, and, for nearly five years. Express Agent for the Central (now Adams) Express Company, December 19, 1878, he married Annie E., daughter of Eleazer and Rhoda(Leonard)Pomeroy, of Troy, by whom he has two children : Harry P. and Dwight H. Since 1883 Mr. Holcomb has assisted his father-in-law in his business affairs, and, since 1878, has been engaged in the brokerage business. He is the owner of and has conducted a stock farm in Troy since 1887, and is a breeder of Hereford cattle, registered in the American Herd Book, and is also a breeder of French coach horses, and trotting stock from the C. J. Hammond farm, near Buffalo. Mr. Holcomb is a member of the Congregational Church; though solicited to run for several State and count}' offices, he has always refused the honor ; he has served as burgess of Troy one term, and is a member of the present council ; politically he is a Republican. HARVEY HOLCOMB, farmer, of Franklin township, P. O. Franklindale, was born in LeRoy, this county. May 29, 1816. is the son of Hugh and Prudence (Bailey) Holcomb, the former a native of Connecticut, the latter of Massachusetts. Hugh and his brother. Sterling, when they came from the East, located in Ulster, from which place they removed about 1796, locating in LeRoy, each purchasing 400 acres on both sides of the Towanda creek. Hugh Holcomb had nine children — seven sons and two daughters — all of whom grew to maturity. Harvey, who is the sixth in the family, was reared and educated at LeRoy, and always worked on a farm. On January 23, 1840, he married Miss Diana, daughter of Samuel and Betsey Rock- well, and to them were born nine children, eight of whom are now living; the other son was killed in the army at the battle of Spottsyl- vania after a service of nearly three years. Mr. Holcomb moved froui LeRoy to Franklin, his present home, in 1884; his wife died June 10, 1880, and he married (for his second) at Smithfield, August 26, 1882, Mrs. Perlina Pierce, widow of William Henry Pierce, and daughter of Mrs. Selina (Holcomb) Dibble, w4io came from Broome county, N. Y. In 1844: she removed to this county, where she now resides at the advanced age of ninety-live years, and is able to work about the house; she began and completed a quilt of 3,000 pieces after she was ninety-three years of age. Mr. Holcomb as a farmer confines himself to raising grain and hay ; he has been honored with the offices of assessor, school director (twelve years) and road commissioner; is a member of the Church of Christ, and is a Republican, politicallv. JASPER N. HOLCOMB, farmer, P. O. LeRoy, was born in LeRoy township, Bradford Co., Pa., March 27, 1846, a son of Harvey 884 nisTouY of bhadfoud county. and Diana (Tlockwell) llolcomb, natives of LeRoy, former of whom was a son of Hugh Holcomb, one of the early settlers, and who built the first saw and grist mill in LeRoy, also the first still in the town. Harvey Holcomb's family consisted of eleven children, nine of whom grew to maturity, eight 3'et living. The eldest son was killed in the army, on May 12, 1864, in the battle of the Wilderness. Jasper K., who is the third in the family, was reared and educated at LeRoy, which has always been his home. At the age of eighteen he enlisted in Company L, Third Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery, serving until the close of the war, when he was honorably discharged, and he now draws a pension. On October 21, 1879, he married, at Monroeton, this county, Rosilie, daughter of Robert and Hannah (Holcomb) McKee. The McKees are descended from Leonard McKee, who settled in Franklin in 1822. To the union of Mr. and Mrs. Holcomb have been born five children, viz.: James E., Ray M., Carrie E. and Minnie F. and May F. (twins). Alpheus Holcomb, the maternal grand- father of Mrs. Jasper jSi. Holcomb, was born January 10, 1779, died Januarv 19, 1S4-9, and his wife, Hannah (Kingsburv) was born April 17. 1783, died October 18, 1846; they were married,' October 22, 1801, in Connecticut, whence they removed to Ulster, and from there to LeRoy. Mr. Holcomb is a general farmer, producing stock, grain, wool and butter. He has been honored by being elected to the offices of town clerk, commissioner, school director and census enumerator; is a member of the Church of Christ, and in politics is a Republican. HALLECK L. HOLCOMB, of the Bradford RejmUican, Towanda, was born in Bradford county, at LeRoy, April 25, 1862, a son of Harvey and Diana (Rockwell) Holcomb, of English descent, and among the early settlers of this county. His father was born in LeRoy township, May 29, 1816, where he married and reared an interesting family of. nine children ; his wife and helpmeet died June 10, 1880. Two of the sons were in the Civil War: J. E. Holcomb was killed at the battle of Spottsylvania, the other, Jasper N., is a farmer in LeRoy. H. L. Holcomb is the youngest of the family, and gave attendance in his youth at the public schools, and graduated at the Elmira School of Commerce in 1S86. He learned the ]irinter"s art, entering tlie office of the Mepuhlicau at the age of nineteen, and is to-day, in the absence of his uncle, general manager and local editor of the Repuhlican. He was married June 12, 1889, to Charlotte, daughter of E. C. and Harriet (Dodge) Dewers, of English descent. The family worship at the i'n'sln'tci'ian Church; he is past grand in the I. O. O. F. JU DsbX HOLCOMB, one of the proprietors and the editor of the IJradford liepnhlican., Towanda. This gentleman is at present filling the office of index clerk in the Lower House of Congress, Washington, a position to which he was appointed in 1863, and served through five CJongresses, and in 1874 returned to Towanda and established his ))aper, ])lacing it on a prosperous basis; he was again in the XLYlIth ('ongi'ess, apj)ointed to his old ]K)sition, and is now in that place, having just sei'ved thnjugh the List Congress. He is a native of liradford county, bo)n in LeRoy. .Inly 25, 1819, a son of Hugh and Prudence (Bailey) Ilolcoinb. Thomas Holcomb, who came from HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 885 Devonshire. England, in 1030, and settled at Dorchester, Mass., begat Nathaniel, who had a son, Nathaniel, Jr., who begat David, who begat Eli, the grandfather of our subject. Eli Holcomb was one of the pioneers, who came'to Bradford county in 178-1, and settled in Sheshe- quin (now Ulster); he was one of the soldiers in the War of 1812. His son, Hugh Holcomb, built the first grist and saw mill in LeRoy township, and grew to be a man of wealth, for his day, and died the possessor of 200 acres of valuable land, originally settled by him. Plis son, Judson Holcomb, grew up on a farm at a time when to plant and reap were the chief ideas of education, and in this line he is a fine tj^pe of the self-made men of our country. At the age of nine- teen he went to Standing Stone, in this county, and found employment as a clerk in a store, and was there six years, and then opened a store of his own in Rome; in 1854 he was elected as a Whig to the Legisht- ture, and at the end of his term of office, when the Republican party was just formed, he was elected by that party to the Legislature, and was the first Republican that ever represented Bradford county in that body. As a farmer, newspaper man, law-maker and office-holder, he has been one of the county's eminently successful men. He was mar- ried at Standing Stone, this county, in 1845, to Maria Nobles, daughter of Jonathan Nobles, of Cattaraugus county, N. Y., and they have two children, as follows : Clara (Mrs. Henry C. Porter), and Fannie (Mrs. Charles L. Tracy). Mrs. Holcomb is a niece of the late Hon. II. W. Tracy. LEROY HOLCOMB, farmer and miller, LeRoy township, P. O- LeRoy, was born October 14, 1830, a son of Eli and Harriet (Bailey. Holcomb, who were the first settlers on the south side of Towanda creek, The father was a native of Connecticut and son of Truman Holcomb of New England, who removed to Ulster in the early settlement of the county. Harriet (Bailey) Holcomb was a native of New York. Eli Holcomb located in LeRoy in 1801, taking possession of 200 acres on either side of the Towanda creek. In those days their facilities were limited,compellingthem to go eighteen miles to mill. Eli built the second gristmill in 1827, and the first on the south side of the creek (Hugh Holcomb built the first); it was a log structure, in which LeRoy, when a small lad, learned his trade. In 1844 Eli Holcomb builtamill which was damao-ed bv the fjivino- wav of the dam; it was rebuilt and is now owned and operated by his son LeRoy. Eli was the father of thirteen children, eleven of whom grew to maturity, LeRoy being the seventh meml^er of the family. He was reared anti educated at LeRoy, and learned the miller's trade of his father, beo-innino- at theaffe of fourteen. When twenty-one he married Roena R., daughter of Ansel and Anna Tillotson, June 13, 1852, at LeRo\^ To them were born ten children — five sons and five daughters — eight of whom grew to maturity and are now living in this county, prosperous business men. Mr. Holcomb was twice married, his first wife died on January 10, 1880, and he married, March 9, 1886, Nettie, daughter of William and Maria Scott, of Monroe township. He is a man of business and entei'prise ; in 1855 he built a sawmill north of the present mill; l)ut, on account of the water-power failing, he abandoned it, attaching one to his gristmill, both of which 51 886 HISTORY OF intADKORl) COUNTY. he runs bv steam. This mill has the capacity of 10,000 feet per day, atul the gristmill averages 15,000 bushels per year. In addition to this ]\[r. llolcomb oversees a neat farm. He has been entrusted with various otHcesduring his life time ; was constable two years; school director six years; judge of elections; town clerk four years; he is a member of the Church of Christ, and has held the ])osition of superintendent of the Sunday-school sixteen vears ; politicallv he is a Re})ul)lican. II. A. AND H. B. IlOLDlilDGE, farmers,* P. O. Fassett, were born in Elmira, N. Y.; Henry A., September 2-t. 1801; Howard B., Decem- ber 17, 1857; are sons of Harrison and Caroline Iloldridge, natives of Onondaga county, N. Y. Harrison Iloldridge ])urchased 120 acres of land in South Creek township, this county, about the year 1874, which was without any improvement until he gave it to his sons, the subjects of this sketch, who have resided on it since ; tiiey have made numer- ous improvements in clearing the land, erecting buildings and putting up fences, etc. Mr. Iloldridge has four children, all of whom are living. Henry A, was reared and educated in Elmira, N. Y.; Howard in Onon- daga countv, N. Y., and they moved to this county in 1876; although the land was divided between them, yet, as brothers, they live and work together in harmonv. Ileni-v A. married. Julv 3, 1887, at Elmira, Louisa, a daughter of B. and Anna Hughes, and there was born to them one child, Kobert. Howard B. is unmarried, and lives with his brother. They are general farmers in South Creek townshij), and make a specialty of hay-making and wool-growing, and are young men who will make their mark in the world. About the year 1882 there was quite an excitement on the farm adjoining theirs, over the sinking of a shaft |)rospecting for lead ore, which was found in small (|uantities, althougii no further developments have been made since. DANIEL O. IIOLLON, retired, residing in North Towanda, was born in Chemung county, X. Y., August 23, 1819, a son of Jeremiah and Betsy (Orcutt) Ilollon, who settled in Monroe township on what is now known as Ilollon Hill, in 1835, where the father cleared and improved a farm on which he lived and died. He had ten children, all of whom grew to maturity, as follows: Sally (Mrs. Joab Summers), Charles, Dei)orah (Mrs. (4uy C Irvine). Daniel ()., Lyman, Eliza (Mrs. William W. Irvine). Lydia, (Mrs. Daniel Cook), liarry S., iVlmira (Mrs. J. W. Irvine) and AVilliam. Mr. Ilollon, the subject of this sketch, was reared in Ciiemung county, N. Y., and Bradford county, Ba. ; educated in the common schools, and learned the carpenter's trade in ih'adforci county, which he followed upwartl of fifty years, and since iSOi) has been a I'esidont of Noi'th Towanda. He married twice: his lirst wile was Loraiiy. daughter of lleni-y and Maiy (Everett) Overton, of Milford, Pikecounty, by whom he had four children, viz.: Mary E. (Mrs. F. E. Bush), Cuy C, llari-ict A. and Dora D. His second wife was Nettie L . daughter of Hugh and Caroline (Scovell) Frazer, of AYyalusing. Mr. Ilollon is a well-known and pi-oininent citizen of Noi-th Towanda, and is a member of the F. tt A. M., and in ))()litics he is a Prohibitionist. (xEOIKiE F. HOLMES, |)lumber. Towanda, was born in Towanda. October G, 180G, and is a son of .lolm and Lucinda (Strickland ) Holmes. HISTORY OF BRAUKORl) COUNTY. 887 His father was a native of Chittenango, Madison Co., N. Y., a son of Jonas Holmes, and was left an orphan at an earl}^ age; he was reared ill Bradford county, and on attaining his majority h>cated in Towanda, and embarked in the livery business, in which he continued for many years. lie has also been in the brokerage bnsiness for upward of thirty years, and twenty years has been a dealer in pianos and organs. He was twice married: his first wife was Lncinda Strickland, by whom he had two sons, viz.: John and George F.; and his second wife was Mrs. Mary Kittridge, by whom he has four children, as follows : Carrie, Edna, Gertrude and I]l3'sses M. George F. was reared in his native county and educated at Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, and on attaining his majority associated with his father on the farm, in Wysox township. In April, 1890, he opened a plumbing establishment in Towanda, which he has since successfully conducted. November 20, 1889, he married Mary, daughter of Edward N. and Ann Decker, of Towanda. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and in politics is a Republican. C. S. HOMET, farmer and stock-grower, Wyalusing townshi]), P. O. Wyalusing, was born in Asylum township, this county. May 20, 1830, a son of Charles Homet, who removed to the farm now occupied b\^ Setli Homet, soon after his son's birth, and there C. S. passed his boyhood, attending school at the Fairbanks school; he also attended the Towanda Academy and select school at Merryall. lie remained on the old place until 1861, and was engaged in farming, lumbering and milling, besides teaching school several winters. He secured a ])osition as rodsman in the engineer corps surveying the North Branch Canal in 1860, and was there several years. With his brother, Edwai'd, our subject secured a large contract on the Lehigh Yalhiv Railroad, and since then has devoted his attention chieflv to farniinii'. He removed to his present home in 1801, having built his house and barns prior to this, and now ow^ns 125 acres; 100 acres of this land he cleared himself. He has his farm well stocked with cattle and horses. He was united in marriage, June 11, 1861, with Julia Horton, daughter of Dr. George Horton, of Terry township. To Mr. and Mrs. Homet have been born three children : W. H. (married to Adelia Mitten, and residiufr on Lime Hill, where he is eno-acred in the manufacture of shingles), Eliza (a graduate of the Mansfield Uni- versity, and at present engaged as teacher in the public school of Sayre), and Frank (now a student in the Mansfield University, from which he will soon be graduated). Mr. Homet is a Republican, and has held the various township offices. EDWARD HOMET, farmer and stock-grower, Homet's Ferry, was born at Frenchtown, this county. May 3, 1826, a son of Charles Homet (see sketch of C. S. Homet, above). Of a family of nine chil- dren, he is the fourth in order of birth. His father was one of the prom- inent pioneers of this section, and his family of eight sturdy boys all remained at home and w^orked in common until mature manhood; the father owned about 1,000 acres of land, and was also engaged extensively in lumbering and milliner. It was in this cradle of increasino- industry that Mr. Homet reared his boys, and that early training has made itself 88S HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. manifest throuo-hout the course of their long and busy lives; indeed, the county has produced no famih' that have jiroved so univei'saily successful as this one. Edward was the mechanical genius of the family; he could shoe a horse or adjust a transit; build a house or mill; sur- vey a railroad or build a bridge, and was etjually efiicient behind the compass, in the mill, or following the ])low. lie attended school at Frenchtown, Homet's Ferry and Towanda Academy, and his boyhood was passed at hard work ; he even made a few trips down the Susque- hanna river, as raftsman on board his father's lumber rafts. In June, 1850, he took a position in the engineer corps, on the North Branch Canal, which was then being relocated and constructed. That position he held till June, 1853, when he accepted a position on the Phila- delphia & Erie Railroad, which was then being located, where he remained to the end of the year; then came home, and was engaged with his father and brothers in rebuilding the mills at Homet's Ferry, and in the erecting of a house on his present farm, to which he removed in the spring of 1857, and where he has since resided. His farm first consisted of only twenty-four acres, to which additions have been made, making it now 150 (with commodious and substantial buildings), and an interest in 320 acres more. He has followed active farming since 1857 to the yn^esent time, besides various other duties and occupations, such as settling estates, contracting and building. Mr. Homet was united in wedlock, November 13, 1850, with Maria Minnis, ]\[. U., of N. Y. This union was blessed with one child, Lucy J. Mr. Homet is identified with the Repul)lican i)arty, and has filled various town offices. GEORGE S. HOMET. farmer and stock-dealer, P. O. Homet's Ferry, was born in Wyalusing township, January 7, 1851, and is a son of Francis and Ada (CMiamberlain) Homet. His father, who was a son of Charles Homet, Jr., was born in Asylum township, August 28, 1820, and passed his life in the vicinity of Htmiet's Ferry; he was an extensive farmer and lumberman, also a contract(jr on the North Branch Canal and the Lehigh Valley Railroad, and lost his life while removing a derrick, after the completion of the railroad bridge across Wyalusing creek, the derrick falling and crushing him, killing him instantly; hisdeath occurred September 11, 1807. He was twice married; first to Mary Gilbert, by whom he had one child, Mary, who died in infancy; his wife died ]\Iarch 11, 18-I-1, and he was married, the second time, to Ada Chamberlain, a (laughter of William Chamberlain, of W\'alusing, August 28, 1845. This union was blessed with three chil- dren : Marv, born August 13, 1847, married to (George W. Fell, loco- motive engineer, now in the employ of the B. & M. railroad, residing at Harvard, Xeb.; George S.; Rachel, born March 3. 1856, married to William N. Wells, a farmer of AVyalusing. The subject of this sketch resides with his mother on the old homestead, which originally con- sisted of 100 acres, of which loo acres remain, and is owned by this gentleman ; here Ik? passed his boyhood, and he was educated in the common schools and the Collegiate Institute, Towanda. His father's death occurred when he Avas but sixteen years old, and from that time forward he had the management of the farm ; he was engajred in HISTORY OF KRADFOHI) COUNTY. 889 dealing in cattle, buying and collecting di'oves which he drove to Wilkes-Barre; he has been engaged in tliat business from 1870 until the present time. For many years he rented the farm, but in the spring of 1890 he moved back on the old place, and there, with his mother, has a cozy and comfortable home. The farm has four dwell- ing houses and one store-room on it, and is as beautifully located and as fertile as the county aflfords ; he has the farm well stocked with horses and cattle, and does a general farm business. lie is a Repub- lican in politics; but, while taking an active interest in politics, has never been an office-seeker, and would never accept an office. In busmess he has been quite successful, and occupies a prominent place among the vouno- farmers and stock-men of the county. SETH ilOM^ET, farmer and stock-dealer, P. O. Homet's Ferry. His father, Charles Homet, Jr., was the eldest of four children of Charles and Maria Theresa Hornet. Charles Romet, the grandfather, was among the French refugees who came to this country during the Revolution of 1793; in Paris he had been steward in the household of Louis XVI., and tied from the city with others about the time the king made that unfortunate attempt to escape from France ; they came in a French war ship, and were chased three days in their voy- age by an English vessel, but made their escape. Mrs. Homet, whose family name was Scheilinger, was born m Strasbourg, and was once one of the waiting maid's of the unfortunate Marie Antoinette; they took passage in the same vessel, becoming acquainted while on voy- age, and were married soon after their arrival in this country, and for a year or more lived at a place called Battle Hill, N. J., now known as Madison. Here Charles was born. May 7, 1794. Mr. Homet, Sr., then removed to Asylum township, and soon after to the settlement in the western part of Terrv township, wdiere it will be remembered arrangements had been made for the reception of the king and queen of France; after a year or two Mr. Homet, Sr., returne:! to Asylum, where he bought several lots of the Asylum company ; when the French people left Asylum he and Mr. La Porte purchased the greater part of the lands there. Mrs. Homet died here in- 1823, at the age of sixty-three. Mr. Homet, Sr., married again in 1827; he had one daughter by this marriage, the wife of E. T. Fox, of Towanda ; JNIr. Homet was a very successful farmer; accumulating a large fortune, he cleared quite a large farm. He was a member of the Methodist Epis- copal Church in his later years. After marrying his second wife he removed to Wysox, where he died in December, 1838, at the alloted age of three-score years and ten. By the first marriage there were born to iiim four children: Charles, Francis, Harriet and Joseph. Francis, who was born at Asylum, married Lucy Dodge, and settled on part of the old homestead, where he died in 1890; he had no children, was a farmer i)y occupation, and an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Harriet married Simon Stevens, of Standing Stone, and was the mother of five children, viz.: Charles, George, Ellen, Harriet. Mary. Joseph w^as married to Oris Brown, and resides at and owned tlie Homet's Mills; about 1840 he sold and removed to Monroeton, the former home of his wife, he also was a farmer and a 890 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUXTY. member of the Baptist Church, and was the father of three children who hved to attain maturity, viz.: Jewett G., Marion and Lydia. Cluirles was married to Lucy Stevens, and had the folloAving children: Theresa, man-icd to U. P. Stone, an influential farmer near Camp- town. Jonathan, Edward, Milton and Charles S., all prominent farmers, and live neighbors to each other. Yolney is a physician, and resides in Wyalusing borough. Joseph A. resides in ToAvanda. Seth, the subject of this sketch, was born March 13, 1S86, on the farm he now occupies, in the old house which stood near the ferry, attending the common schools of his district, and a few months spent at the Towanda Academy constituted his educational privileges; upon reach- ing his majority he engaged in farming until October 16, 18()2, when he was drafted and enrolled in Compan}- I), One Hundred and Seventy-first Regiment Pennsylvania Drafted Infantiy, was ])romoted to quartermaster- sergeant, November 18, 1862. "He served faithfully untd the expiration of his term, August 8, 1863, and was discharged: he then returned home and resumed farming, which he has since fol- lowed. He was drafted a second time, but ])urchased his exem]ition. He now owns 140 acres of finely improved and highly cultivated farm land, and does a general farm business ; the residence he occupies was built b}" his father the year he (Seth) was born. His father was a lumberman, and followed rafting many years; his elder brothers have made several trips on rafts, but he made but one ; his farm is well stocked with grade Durham cattle and horses. He was united in marriage, March 4, 1864, with Elizabeth, daughter of Moses and Marietta (Paeon) Eilenberger; her ])arents were natives of Monroe county, but passed the greater ))ortion of their lives in Asylum and Terry townships, this county; her father was born in 1812, aiul died December 26, 1876; her mother was born in 1820, and died February 15,1875. Mr. Eilenberger was a farmer and one of the largest lum- bei'man of this county ; the}' had a family of ten children, of whom Elizabeth is the eldest. To Mr. and Mrs. Homet has been born a family of five children, three of whom survive: Marietta, born March 5, 1865, married to A. D, Nesbit, M. D., and residing at Tekamah, Ts'eb.; Charles, born October 6, 1867, is a graduate of the Collegiate Insti- tute, Towanda, of the class of '88, has followed teaching several years, and attended Miller's School of Commerce, Elmira; Cora, was born October 21, 1869, and when ready to gi-aduate from the Collegiate Institute was taken ill and died. May 10, 1888; Anna, born April 1(», 1877, died in infancy; Govildine, born June 29, 1879. In his religious views Mr. Homet is a Pniversalist, and is a lie; ublican in ])olitics. Among the successful farmers and business men of Pradford county Mr. Homet ranks well towai'd the front; he makes a study of his busi- ness, and thoroughly understands what are the best means to achieve the best results, ami then pursue them to success; he has been success- ful, and as a frieml and n«!ighl)(ji' none stand higher than he ami his excellent wife. W. X. IK). MET. maiiufactui'er and dealer in lumber and shingles, V. O. JJme Hill. wa"s born in Wyalusing townshi|i. Mai-cli 22, 1862, a son of C. S. Homet. He was reared on a farm, and educated at the HI8TOKY OK BRADFORD COUNTY. SOl A¥yalusing' Academy and State Nonnal School of iMaiisliold. P;i.; after leaving school he eng-aged in teaching a short time, and in 1885 took charge of his ])resent business, where, with tlie exception of one year, he has been constantly engaged. The mill was l)uilt by C. 8. and Edward llomet in 1885, and has a ca[)acity of 24,(>(K) feet of lum- ber per day and 100, 0(M) shingles, both cut and sawed ; thev employ ten men in the business. Mr. llomet was married October 17, 1889, to Adelia L. Mitten, daughter of James Mitten, a })rominent farmer of Herrick townshij); this union has been blessecl with one child, Harold. Mr. llomet is a member of White Lilly Lodge, No. 808, 1. O. O. F., Wvalusing; politically he is a lie|niblican. NATHANIEL HONEYWELL, farmer, V. O. Sugar Run, was born near Wilkes- Barre. La., October 2o, 1841, and is a son of Isaac and Betsey (Wandell) Honeywell, natives of New Jersey, and of New Eng- land parentage. He began life for himself at the age of seventeen, as a general farm laborer, but September 6, 1861. he enlisted at Scranton in Company G, Eighty -eighth P. Y. I., and was in tlie following battles: Spottsylvania Court-house, the Weldon raid. Hatcher's Run, anti several minor engagements; was honorably discharged June 10, 1865, and returned to Wilmot township, where he engaged in farming, which he has since followed. Mr. Honeywell was married October 2, 1869, to Miss Ella, daughter of Sterling (^uick, of Wilmot, and they have six children, as follows: Sterling Penn, born Decembers, 1870; Etta May, born June 14, 1872; Gertrude W., born March 2, 1878; Albertie K., born October 30, 187!» ; Willia/n Archie, born April 25, 1886, and Corev P)., born June 1, 1888. Mr. Honeywell is a member of the G. A. R. Post at Wyalusing, and jwlitically is in close sympathy with the Dem- ocratic i^arty, though he votes purely on principle and independent of anv ])artv influences. * AUGUSTUS S. HOOKER, Troy, was born at Leona, Bradford Co., Pa.. January 9, 1840, the youngest child of Clark and Flavia (Smith) Hooker, natives of Massachusetts. The ancestry is of English descent. Rev. Thomas Hooker, the celebrated Divine coining to Massachu- setts Bay in 1633, and afterward making the noted emigration to found Hartford, Conn., in 1636. The immediate descendants settled along the Connecticut Yalley. To John Hooker, of Greenwich, Mass.. three sons were born : Benjamin, Joseph and John. Clark Hooker was the son of Benjamin, who married Esther Woodard. JosejJi became the father of Professors Charles and Washington Hooker, of Yale College, the latter of whom was a noted author." Clark Hooker was born at Green- wich, Mass., in 1795, and was married, January 1, 1821, to Flavia Smith, of Hadley, Mass., the "Ox-Bow Village'' of Beecher's story of "Norwood" (she was descended from Lieut. Samuel Smith, who came to New England in 1634, and was thedaughter of Justin Smith, of Hadley, her mother's name being Anna Fields). In 1824 they moved to Springlield. Brad ford county. Their children were: Mrs. "Esther Van- Horn, of Granville, this county ; Charles C. Hooker, of Leona; Mrs. Delia Miller, of Leeds, Mass!^ (deceased); Dr. Carlton C. Hooker, of Alba (deceased); John, of Dana, Ind.; Frederick, of Addison, N. Y., and A. S. Hooker, of Troy, Pa. The subject of this sketch was early 8y2 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. noted for intellectual development and scholarship. In 1855-5() he attended a select school at East Tro\% and Avas the daily companion and friend of P. P. Bliss, the noted singer and composer, and early showed his tastes by great proticienc}' in study. He later engaged in teaching, and attentled the Troy Academy. In October, 1859, he went to Illinois, and spent a year and a half teaching near Paris, and then a similar period at Indianapolis, Ind., in the same work. During this time he contributed many articles to newspapers, which attracted attention, and made the acquaintance of many people of intellect. In 18()2, he entered the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, at Lima, ]S\ Y., and later Genesee College (now Syracuse Fniversity). pursuing his studies until the close oftne junior year. He afterward taught in several village schools, and in August, 1866, became editor of the Troy Gazette, which position he has since held. It was a difficult matter to conduct a paper where, so many had failed, but perseverance had its reward. In 1867 Mr. Hooker was married to Miss Anna McBeath. of Bath, N. Y., who died March 1, 1871; and, in 1872, he married Miss J. C. Doane, of Leona. Ever since he engaged in his work, he has been active in every intellectual and moral work, as su])erintendent of Sunday-school, president of Chautauqua classes, writer on miscella- neous and political themes, and lecturer on a great varietv of subjects. He is the author of a large number of poems and stories, and of several volumes, amono- them being "Practical talks to Amateurs on Art," "Select Headings," "The Leona Stories," and a comprehensive volume entitled ''Great Earthquakes and their Phenomena," the most complete volume ever published in the United States on the subject. Besides these, he has several other volumes nearly completed. To his imme- diate neighbors, among whom are the whole ])eoj)le of Bradford county, he is better known as a promoter of our graded schools, and as a publisher and editor of one of the county papei's, than otherwise. In that wider range that reaches out to the scholarly world of letters, Mr. Hooker is probablv realh' better known than by hisimmediate next-door neighbors. Culture of the mind and trained thinking have been the goal that ever has invited him on and on, and his life has been an unostentatious one, never even self-asserting, much less courting notoriety. He has nuide his indelible impress upon the newspaper business of the county, and while always a Pepublican, has never hesitated at honest and fearless criticism of Pepubl leans when the hour demanded it. EARL VV. HGRTON, farmer and salesman. Iiornl)rook, was born in Sheshequin township, September 21, 1851, a son of U. E. and Sallie (Elliott) Ilorton. He was reared on a farm, and attended the schools of the vicinity, about the usual time of a pioneer's boy; he remained with his father until twenty-three, then found employment as travel- ing salesman for an agricultural im])lement iiouse, making regular trips through New York and Pennsylvania, and is now in that employ. Mr. Ilorton was married October 28, 1874, to ]\lary, daughter of Franklin and Lucy (Ilorton) iJlackman, residents of Sheshequin, and they have three ciiildren: Landon, agesubject was born in Sheshequin township, where he spent the most of his life, engaged in farming, and he died at the residence of our subject in North Towanda. His wife, Susan, was a daughter of Richard Mayhew, a captain in the Revolutionary War, and a pioneer of Lycoming county, Pa. By her he had eight children, namely : Elijah, Hiram, Shepherd, Mayhew, Elizabeth (Mrs. George Williams), Mary (Mrs. Benjamin Lyons), Catherine (Mrs. Hiram Goff) and Anna (Mrs. R. Fox). Elijah H. was reared in Sheshequin and settled in what is now North Towanda township, in 1828 ; he resided in Monroe township thirty years, where he cleared and improved a farm, but in 1868 returned to North Towanda, where he has since resided. In 1830 he married Polly, daughterof Abial and Mary (Means) Foster, of this county, by whom he had five chil- dren who grew to maturity, viz.: Orville, Bishop, Ellen (Mrs. I>enja- min Carrick), Elma and Mary (Mrs. Salathiel Braund). Mr. Horton is one of the oldest citizens of Bradford county and is a member of the Methodist Church, and in politics is a Republican. GEORGE H. HORTON, merchant, Sugar Run, was born August 8, 1844, and is a son of Elmore and Mary I. (Stone) Ilorton, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and of English descent, the latter of Pennsylvania, and of New England origin. Mr. Horton was educated in the common schools, and in the high school of Freeport, 111. He commenced mercantile business, in 1873, at Sugar Run, this county, where he has since remained, and has a well-established trade in produce and general merchandise. Mr. Horton was married, Decem- ber 25, 1877, to Miss Emma, daughter of Josiah and Mary (Long) Horton, of Rome, and they have had three children: Sadie R., born October 4, 1878; Georgie H., born October 13,18—; Mary, born December 5, 1883, and died December 5, 1888. Mr. Horton is a member of the Masonic Lodge at Towanda, and in politics is a stanch Democrat. GEORGE L. HORTON, farmer and stock-grower, Sheshequin township, P. O. Hornbrook, was born on the farm he now occupies, the old homestead, August 5, 1838, a son of David and Hannah (Newell) Horton, and grandson of Richard Horton, one of the early pioneer settlers of this county. His grandfather located on this 894 HISTORY OF URADFOKD COUNTY. fiifin when he came to IJradfonl county, and it lias continued in the I'aniily. His father was a farmer and spent his entij-e life on the old homestead ; he built and operated two mills m the township, one on the river near the village of Sheshe(]uin, the other on the river nearly op})osite the present residence of Horace Ilorton ; the one at Sheshe- quin was a grist and saw mill, the other a sawmill, llis father was born in 1790 and died in June, 1875, leaving a family of fourteen children, of whom the following are living: Adaline, ^vid()w of Charles Chaffee; Hannah, wife of Dr. Cole ; David, Jr.; Benjamin; William P.; and George L. Our subject's boyhood was spent on the farm with his father, attending the schools of Hornbrook and Wysocking, and received a good common-school education; working on the farm for twentv-five years, he then rented the farm from his parents until their death, after which he bought out the heirs; it con- tains 100 acres, extending from the river to the main road, all sus- ceptible of cultivation, and is well stocked. He has a herd of Holstein and Jersey cattle, and he keeps a dairy of ten to twelve cows ; and cultivates, about 35 acres of grain. He was married, December 28, 1803, to Lucinda M., daughter of U. E. Horton, and they have four children: Jessie L,, married to W. W. Horton, of Tow'anda; Emma A., died in infancy; Ulysses D.. a student at the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, at Towanda, and Wallace C, aged fifteen, assistant bookkeeper at G. A. Dayton's mill, Towanda, The family are members of the Methodist E))iscopal Church, Hornbrook congregation ; Mr. Horton's political views are RejHiblican. HORACE HORTON, farmer and stock-grower, of Sheshequin township, P. O. (Quarry Glen, was born on the farm now owned by his bi'other, M. E. Ilorton, in Sheshequin, September 25, 1834, a son of William P>. and Melinda (Plackman) Horton, and his grandfather was Elijah Horton, a native of Long Island. The earliest record of the Horton family begins with Barnabas Horton, who immigrated to the United States from England in 1059 or 1000, and located at South- hold, Long Island, and built a house there in lOOO, a ]ihotogra])h of the same being now in the ])ossession of his grandson. This immigi'ant had seven sons, as follows: Richartl, Daniel, Eliiah (jifrandfather of the subject). Gilbert, Joshua, Stephen and William. Elijah was among the first settlers of this county, and located at what is; now Union Corners, and purchased a farm; two of his brothers. \Gilberr, and Isaac, came to the county about the same time, and boVight farms adjoining, William B. Horton's family consisted of the follov.'ing: Harry, a banker, of New York; Elizabeth, married to P. II, Kinney, whom she survives: Arazilla, mai'ried to II. (-. Kinney, is a widow; i\Iary, wif(? of William M. Shoi-es ; M. E., wlio owns and resides in tlie old homestead farm; Ilortenso R.. married to T. G. Smith, and Horace who grew^ to manhood on his fathers farm, and in 1800 purchased a farm of 150 acres, which adjoined his father's, and which he still owns, on which he made all the improvements, and has it well improved and well stocked, and has a fine herd of Jerseys. He was married. October 15, 180«;, to Mary, daughter of H. C. and Sarah (Webb) Smith. Mr. Ilorton is a mcmhci- of the National Grange, and of the Free- IIISTOllY OK BRADFORD COUNTY. . 895 masons, having taken the degree of Master of Amity Lodge, No. lOS, To\van(hi. Is also a member of the I. O. O. F., and lias passed all the chairs, and State Encampment; in his political views he is a Republican; has held nearly all the township offices, and is now constable and tax collector. J, B. HORTON, merchant and farmer, Terrytown, was born in Terry township, this county, January 8, 1842, a son of Dr. G. F. and Abigail (Terry) Horton, the former of whom was also a native of Terry townslnp, a son of Maj. John Horton, who served as wagoner in the Revolutionary Army, because of being too young to act in any other capacity. Maj. Horton built the first wagon, ami fanning-mill in Terry township. The Hortons are a numerous family, and are men of business qualities, holding offices of trust in this and other States ; they were the first settlers of Terry townshij>; they removed to this country from England in 1635, locating in Rhode Island in 1638. Dr. Horton studied medicine at the VanRensselaer Medical College, New York, and in 1829 began his profession in Terrytown, his native home, where he built up an extensive practice ; he was a member of the Constitu- tional Convention of the State of Pennsylvania, also one of the most active members of the Bratlford Count}^ Medical Society, and wrote the report of the Society which, accompanied with a map, was published in the transactions of the3'ear ; also wrote the genealogy of the Horton family. He died December 20, 1886, at the age of eighty -one, a sti'ong advocate of temperance; he was married to Miss Abigail Terry, by whom he had eight children, seven of them growing to maturity — two sons and five daughters. The subject of this memoir resides on his father's farm which he now owns ; he is an extensive business man, having been in the lumber business as a successful dealer many years, in connection with which he has a large store which he has kept with ])rofit to himself and his customers nearly twenty years. His farm is an extensive one of 200 acres, one-half of which is under improvement ; his farming is mixed, but he gives preference to grain and stock, some of the latter being registered. Mr. Ilorton's house which stands on the site of the Doctor's residence is palatial in dimensions, being fitted up in the most modern style. As a merchant he carries a full line for country trade ; also deals extensively in farming machinery of all kinds. He has held the office of postmaster eight years. Mr. Horton married, February 24, 1875, for his first wife, Miss Eva L.. daughter of James S. and Lemira Tupper, bv which union there was one son. Arthur Roe, now fourteen years of age. Mr. Horton's second wife was Angle, widow of W. S. Holmes, and daughter of Rev. D. Trumbull, the marriage taking place May 18, 1887. Mr. Horton enlisted as a member of the Thirty-Fifth Pennsylvania Emergency Troops, Company A, serving the prescribed term, and was honorably discharged. Politically he is a Republican. J. P. HORTON, farmer, P. O. New Era, was born July 13, 1807, and was reared and educated in Terry township, this county ; he is a son of Ebenezer and Mary (Terry) Horton, the former born in Goshen, N. Y., or in Connecticut, a son of Maj. Horton, an officer in the Revolutionarv Wai-. The Hortons. who are verv earlv settlers in this 890 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. country, are of English, and some say Koman, origin, and came to America as early as 1635, their tii'st representative in this country being Barnabas Ilorton, who located permanenll}' on Long Island in 1G40 ; they are a numerous people, having sprung from a race hardy and vigorous; have filled various offices of responsibility and trust in this aiul other counties. The grandparents of our subject were in the Wyoming massacre. Israel, the father of John, and Parcell Terry's willow, each of whom had eleven children, were married, and there was one room assigned to the children, and a teacher emplo^xd to teach this home-made school. J. P. Horton is now retired from business ; his life has been active and energetic; he w^as a farmer, lumberman, speculator, merchant, hotel-keeper and tanner. He is living on a farm of 300 acres, which he superintends himself; has been honored by the office of justice of the peace, and other minor offices. He was twice mai-ried, his first wife being Olivia Ladd. by whom he had two chil- dren : James and Jane; the second wife Avas Roxey Covey, by whom he had seven children : Jane, Mary L., Josephine A., Liberty A., Phebe T., Eunice M. and George F., the latter of w^hom keeps a store and the postoffice at New Era. Mr. Horton is a consistent member of the Baptist Church, and in politics is a Kepublican. CAPTAIN ULYSSES E. HORTON, farmer and stock-grower, Sheshequin township, P. O. Hornbrook, was born in Sheshequin town- ship, February 13, 1819, and is a son of Joshua (one of seven brothers w4io came to this county in early times) and Lucinda (Ellis) Horton. He was born and reared on a farm, attended the common schools, and at the age of twenty-one engaged in sawing and rafting lumber to Marietta, Middletown and Fort Deposit, and was thus employed about ten years. He purchased the farm known as the " McAfee Farm,'' in 1840, and sold it in 1855, and bought the one he now occupies, which contains 150 acres. He is still activelv engaged on his farm, and has been eminently successful in business, and has accumulated his prop- erty by his own exertions. He enlisted, October 16, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Seventy-first Regiment, P. V., was elected cap- tain of the com])any, and was disciiarged at Ilarrisburg, August T, 18ycoming county, where he died, IMai'ch 6, 1877; his beloved wif(Mlied at the family iionu! in 18(i3. B(!njamin was the ninth of a. family of thirti'cn (jjiildren, and grew lo majihood in the family home, pai'taUing of the advantages of ihc jjublic and disti'ict schools of his county, and Icarnetl the lessons of industry and economy as taught HISTORY OF BKADKORD COUNTY. 899 the average farmer's boy of his day. When old enough to engage in the affairs of life, on his own account, he continued in the footsteps of his family, who were agriculturists, and followed this industry eigh- teen years ; then, the next seven years, he was engaged at the carpen- ter's trade, but returned to his original occupation, and now owns and occupies seventy acres of valuable and highly-improved land, as his family homestead, all the sweetened fruit of his own patience and toil, as he started in life with no other fortune than his bare hands, and a stout, honest heart. Mr. Houseknecht has been twice married : the first time, in 1865, to Mary, daughter of Gideon and Celia Lan- daw, who bore one child, which died in infancy. The second marriage occurred in July, 1871, when he espoused Martha, daughter of John and Elizabeth (Waltman) Mathews, who has borne him eight children, as follows: Joseph V., Ilerbert, Mabel L., Charles O., Jennie L., Flos- sie L., Sadie L. and Ina L. The family is one that is widely esteemed throughout the county, and the respected head of the household is one of Bradford county's leading farmers and influential citizens, a trustee and class-leader in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and has filled the offices of school director and constable, and is a Ilej^ublican. His sol- dier record is that of a true patriot ; was twice enlisted and mustered into his country's service, first in July, 1803, in the Thirty-ninth P. Y. I., Company D, and was discharged in Septem.ber. 1863, and enlistetl, for the second time, in November, 1864, in the Two Hundred and Tenth P. V. I., Company E, and participated in the battles of Peters- burg, Gravel Pun, South Side Pailroad, and many other skirmishes and hard marches; was finally and honorably discharged in June, 1865. Is a member of the I. (). (). F., and has passed all the degrees of the Lodge. ALLEN HOVER, farmer and tobacco-grower, Wyalusing township, P. O. Homet's Ferry, was born in Pike county, March 2, 1845, and is a son of John L. and Lydia (Pradley) Hover, natives of Wyalusing township. He passed his boyhood, until aljout thirteen years of age, in Pike count}^, and then came with the family to Bradford and located in Wyalusing township, near Homet's Ferry, where his father yet resides. He was educated in the common schools and Wyalusing Academy, remained on his father's farm, assisting on the same, until twenty-nine years of age, when he purchased a j)orti()n of his present farm, which was mostly clearetl, antl began to improve the same. He owns as good farm buildings as the county affords, in a section noted for fine farms, and has added to his oi'iginal purchase of lifty-two acres until he now owns 120 acres, and has a fine lot of cattle, horses and sheep; his farm is almost entirely fenced witli a stone wall. Mr. Hover was united in marriage, May 15, 18Y4, with Helen M. Biles, and their union has been blessed with one child, Edith. He is a member of Fairbanks Association, Patrons of Industry, No. 33(t4; is a Pepublican, an active politician, and has filled various township offices. Is a shrewd business man, and a careful and successful fai'mer. R. M. IIOVEY, clerk, Lehigh Valley Railroad. Say re, is a native of Ulster township, this county, born November 18, 1847. lie is a son of William and Jane (Moore) Hovey, natives of the same place, tiie 900 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. former of whom died on the old homestead, in 1849, at the age of thirty-six years, and the latter, now Mrs. Jane Mundy (having remar- ried), resides in Ithaca, N. Y. AVilliam Hovey's grandfather, Capt. Benjamin Clark, was a member of Gen. AYashington's staff, during the Revolution, and his father, Nathaniel Hovey (grandfather of R. M. llovey), was an orderly sergeant in the War of 1812, dying in the ser- vice of his country. In tlie family of William and Jane (Moore) Hove}' Avere six children, of Avhom four survive, the subject of these lines being the fifth in order of birth. He attended the public schools in his boyhood, after which he was a student at the Towanda Colle- giate Institute, and afterward at Eastman's Business College, where he graduated in 1866. His first business ex])erience was in the store of J*owell & Co., dry-goods merchants, Towanda, with whom he was em- ])loyed until 1872, when he wa's offered and accepted a position on the Lehigh Valley Railroad, at Ithaca, N. Y. He afterward removed to Say re, where he has since remained. In November, 1870, Mr. Hovey was united in marriage, at Ithaca, N. Y., with Miss Laura Still well, daugiiter of John and Eunice (Hart) Stillwell. She is the youngest in a family of nine — two sons and seven daughters — and was born in Hector, N. Y. Mr. and Mrs. Hovey have two ciiildren : Kate E. and William S. The family are ))rominent and exemplary members of the ]\Iethodist Episcopal Church, of which Mr. Hovca^ is president of the board of trustees. He is a member of Fidelity Lodge, No. 51, F. & A. M., of St. Augustine Commandery, No. 38, and of Eagle Chapter, No. 58. Politically he affiliates with the Republican party. E. A. HOWE, farmer, P. O. Rome, was born in Orwell township, this county, August 23, 1860, and is a son of Henry and Jane (Russell) Howe, in whose family were four children : George H. (an eminent professor in Missouri), E. A., Lelia J. and Irvin L. Mr. Howe was born and reared on a farm, and attended the common schools of his neighborhood. He then entered the Collegiate Institute, where he remained two years, when he went to Chicago and filled a position as salesman two years; then farmed, one summer, in ('arroU county. 111., and was engaged then as traveling salesman for a nursery. He was married, December 28, 1886, to Adelia F. Atwood, daughter of George C. and Henrietta (Taylor) Atwood, of this county. Her father, who was one of the best known and most successful farmers and business men of the county, was a son of Reuben and Abiah (Piatt) Atwood, former of Aviiom was born in Connecticut, November 1, 1782. and came to Pike townsliip in early times, making the trip from Connecti- cut in an ox-cart, and guiding his way by marked trees, the sun and stars. He died. October 25, 1878, at the advanced age of ninety-six years. Aaron Taylor, his wife's father, was born at Surrey, N. II., December 10, 1787, and was one of the pioneers of Susquehanna county; he died, March 10, 1872, aged four score and five years. George C. Atwood was born in F\ke township, this county, May 17, 1825 ; was married July H, 1852, and died ( )ct()ber 10, 1889 ;' his widow was horn April ?>, 183."), and now resides on the farm in llerrick. George was reared on a fai'in, and removed to Wyalusing where; hi' remained until 1866, when he came to the farm now occupied by iiis HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 901 widow, where he resided until his death, at wiiich time he was an extensive land owner of this county, and he left a valuable estate to his widow and children. Ifis family of children were: Ella J., born August 16, 1853, married to E. W. Buttles (she died February 8, 1883); Elmer J., born August 23, 1855; Alice IL, born October 6, 1856, married to 11. II. Coleman ; Adelia F., wife of the gentleman whose name heads this sketch (she was born at Cam})town, and when six years old her parents removed to Ilerrick, where slie attended the graded school of Ilerrickville, then, after a few terms at Wyoming Seminary, she entered the Collegiate Institute at Towanda; later she entered the Commercial College, Kingtson, where she was graduated, and took a course in telegraphy; also taught penmanship a short time in the female Seminary at Wilkes-Barre; then taught four terms in the com- mon schools of Bradford, and also taught Avriting schools in various sections of the county); Ida L., born June 4, 1862, married to Frank H.Abbott; Georgianna, born October 15, 1865; Elizabeth S., born March 3, 1867; Frederick G., born August 24, 1868; Rollin C, born April 28, 1870 ; William L., born February 9, 1872 ; Cora J., born May 1, 1874, and Leon M., born May 15, 1877. Only one of the family of twelve is dead. After Mr. and Mrs. Howe's marriage they went to Kansas City, in 1887, where he was a salesman, and she was cashier and book-keeper for the New Home Sewing Machine Company. They were there about two years, and then went to St. Louis, where Mr. Howe secured a position, and Mrs. Howe a position as cashier in the wholesale department of the Singer Manufacturing Company. They remained there one summer, and then returned to Ih-adford, to their farm, where they now reside. They have had two children, the eldest of whom, Earl George, died in infancy; the second, Rollin Eugene, was born January 16, 1891. Mr. and Mrs. Howe are mem- bers of the Presbyterian Church, and are llepublicans. HENRY HOWE, farmer and stock-grower, Orwell township, P. O. Orwell, was born August 11, 1834, on the farm he now occupies, and is a son of Earl and Julia Ann (Dennison) Howe, the former of whom was born in Rhode Island in ISOS, and came here when two years old with his famil3\ The grandfather secured 104 acres of wild land, and began to make a farm in which he was assisted, after a few years, by his son. Earl ; the grandfather was twice married, and had four chil- dren : Sallie, married to John Beers; Pearly, married to Uriah Brown, whom she survives ; Lucy, married to Dan Robinson, both dead, and Earl (father of subject), who died in 1S50. The last named had a family of nine children, as follows: Charlotte, married to E. M. Fari-ar ; Phceba, died young; Henry; William, deceased; Helen; Philander, deceased ; Helen, deceased ; George, deceased, and Earl, deceased. (Phoeba, Philander and Helen died of scarlet fever and were buried in one grave, and about eight years later George and Earl died of the same disease.) Henry was born and reared on a farm, receiving his education in the common schools and Orwell Hill Academy. When he was fourteen his father died, and the management of the farm, from that time, devolved largely upon him; he learned enough of carpentering to do his own work. He purchased the old 53 902 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. homestead when he was twenty-one, and luis since abided to it, until now it contains 150 acres, well stocked ; he keeps a large dairy, dis- posing of his milk to the Orwell Creamei-y Company, of which he is a stockholder. He was united in w^edlock, October 15, 1856, with Jane Russell, a daughter of Nathaniel Tiussell, and granddaughter of Dan llussell, Sr., the iirst settler in Orwell township, and of this union were born four children, viz.: George 11. , born Februai-y 8, 1859, married to Alida Cham))lain ; Eugene A.; Leila J., born November 5, 1870; Irvin L., boi'n July 6, 1872. The family are members of the Presby- terian Church, of which Mr. Howe is a trustee ; he is a member of the Oolden Cycle, No. 1()7, Oi'well, and is a Prohibitionist, formerly a Republican, and has held various township offices. HON. H0WP:LL HOWELP, farmer and stockman, AVarren town- ship. P. O. Neath, is a native of Wales, born December 10, 1826, a son of Evan and Jane (Howell), natives of the same place, and of one of the old families of that country, where tliey were yeoman. The family migrated to America, in 1832, when he was but six years of age, com- ing direct to Bradford county, and settling on a farm in AVarren town- ship, where they then made their permanent home. The father died in February, 1875, the mother having preceded him to the "silent city" in pVbruary, 1878; they had tliree children, viz.: Howell, John (who was drowned in the river at Towanda in Mav. 1847, when eigh- teen years of age), and Mary (Mrs. Samuel M. AVilliam^), who has five children, and resides in Pike township. Howell spent his young- life on his father's farm, and attended the common schools of the neighborhood; then became a student at "VVilkes-Barre Academy. Completing his education he returned home and engaged in farming, and is now owner of 100 acres of tine farm land, well improved with crood buildino's. and in a hioh state of cultivation. He was nuirried in Warren townshij). May 28, 1859, to Ann, daughter of David and Elizal)eth (Howell) Davis, also natives of Wales, who came to this country in 1834, and located in Warren township; their family com- l)rised ten children, of whom Mrs. Howell was the fourth, one of tA'ins; she became the mother of three children: Arthur, born May 8, 1860, and married to Carrie Case, daughter of Franklin Case; J. Rienzi, born November 14, 1864, and died July 18, 1872; and Ger- trude. Mr. Howell enlisted in the army, September 2, 1864, in the Fifteenth Regiment, New York F^ngineers, (Company H, and with his command went directly to the front, at Petersburg, where he was engaged in the Engineer Corps, and was present at the battles of Petersburg and Hatcher's Run, and served until the end of the war ; he was discharged, June 30. 1865, and returned home. Mr. Howell is a mendjer of Spalding Post, No. 33, G. A. R., at LeRaysville. In 1884 he was elected a member of the Eegislature. and served his lull term with distinction. During fifteen years he lllled the office of jus- tice of the peace, nine years as school dii'ector. and three years as auditor. During nearly twenty years of his active life he was a school teacher, and did much to elevate and ennoble the profession. In the army he was first sergeant, and company clerk. He has been regarded for many years as an active ami pi-ominent leader and factor in th HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 903 councils and movements of the llepublican party ; faithful to part},^ and friends, and vigilant in the care and welfare of the good of the people. He is personally popular, and, while brave and outspoken in sentiment, commands only the respect and confidence of even his political enemies; personally he has no enemies. JxVMES G. HOWIE, farmer and stock-grower, Ulster, born in Ayrshire, Scotland, January 12, 1834, is a son of William and Mary (Howie) Howie, natives of Ayrshire, farmers. The lad was fired with the ho])e of being a sailor, but that ambition was never gratified. The Howie family was first planted in Scotland, in 1162. At that time three l)rothers fled from France, to escape religious ])ersecution, and settled in Ayrshire, renting a farm from some old feudal lord. The direct descendants of those brothers still occup}' the same farm, it having been held on lease by the family for over 800 years; thefamilv now in possession of that estate are third cousins, and are of the thirty- third generation from the three brothers who immigrated there froin France. Another peculiar thing about the family is that the holder of the lease in Scotland has borne either the na,me of James or John until the ))resent, when by some misorder of things the gentleman who now holds the lease is named Thomas. Connected with this estate in Scot- land is the old Howie library, datmg back to the twelfth century, and containing several hundred volumes, many of them being written on jtarchment, and worth their weight in gold. James attended the public schools of Scotland until twelve years of age, but having had the mis- fortune to lose the sight of one eye. when about three years old, he had that disadvantage to labor under, in securing an education, but never- theless he secured a fair common-sciiool training. His paj'ents immi- grated to America in 1854, landing here July 29. and came direct to Ulster, and his father purchased 133 acres of land in the wilderness, which is still in the possession of members of the family. With the exception of about a year spent in the machine shops at Ontario, J;imes has spent his life on the farm first purchased by his father. His father died April 18, 1867, aged sixty-three years, and his mother died April 24, 1890, a<.'ed eighty-four; their family consisted of eight children, six of whom survive. John died in Scotland before the family immigrated to this country ; Jennie, who died in Monroe township, was the wife of J. F. Woodrufi"; Mary was b(jrn on the ocean during the voyage over from Scotland, and is now the wife of S. A. Gordon ; the four boys live on adjoining farms. James was married January 22, 1856, to Margaret Calderwood, daughter of James Calderwood, of Ayrshire, Scotland ; she came to this country in 1855, and made her home with James' father until her marriage ; they have no children. James made a visit to his native land in 1884, where he found that progress had been at work on the eastern as well as the western side of the Atlantic, and that many changes had taken place. In his business Mr. Howie has always been very successful, and has accumulated his fortune almost entirely by his own endeavors. He now stands well at the head of the prosperous farmers of Ulster township. In his relig- ious views he is a Presbyterian, and in politics he is a Republican. 904 HISTORY OF BKADFORl) COUNTY. JOHN HOWIE, dealer in coal, hay, grain, etc., Ulster, was born September 6, 1858, in Ayrshire, Scotland, a son of Mathew and Isabel (McQueen) Howie, also natives of Ayrshire, who immigrated to this countr\% and settled in Smithfield township, this county, in 1S5T, where tiie father purchased a farm. The family consisted of five children, viz.: John, Jennie C, Jessie M. (wife of M. G. Benedict), Mary M. (married to Homer Ilockwell) and Aggie. The father died in 186(5^; the mother lives on the farm with her son John. The subject of these lines attended the common schools up to the age of eighteen, receiving a fair English education. In January, 1886, he purchased his present business, and he now handles about one thousand tons of hay }' early ; also from nine to ten thousand bushels of Ijuckwheat; over five thou- sand bushels of oats; twelve to fifteen hundred tonsof coal ; and deals in potatoes, wheat, rye, etc., to a considerable extent, his business being valued at about ii^25,000 yearly. He also operates a farm of 100 acres, growing tobacco and other crops. He is unmarried. Mr. Howie is a member of the Equitable Aid Union, No. 244, and is Democratic in his political views. L. T. HOYT, attorney, Athens, is a native of the place, and was born October 30, 1868, a son of Samuel P>. and JNIatilda T. (Teller) Ilo3't, the latter a native of Michigan, born May 15, 1826, the former a native of this county, born December 1, 1810, was a merchant, and carried on business a number of years; served as postmaster in Athens, and was justice of the peace about fifteen years. Mrs. Hoyt is pro- prietress of a millinery store, and has been engaged in that business twenty-nine years. To Mr. and Mrs. S. IJ. Iloyt were born three children, of whom L. T. is the youngest. He graduated in the Athens high school in tiie class of 1886, and i)egan tlie study of law with H. F. Maynard, in September, 1886. and in Sei)tember, 1888. entered the law school of Cornell University, from which he graduated in June, 1889, and was admitted to the bar, September 11, of the same year. He is a member of the Fire Deiiartment and of tlie Universalist Church, and politicallv is a Republican. F. N. HUIMJARl), farmer,of Springfield townshi]), P. O. Wetona, was born December 22, 1848, on the farm whei'e lie now resides, a son of Rev. Wakeman H. and Lurena (Merritt) Hubbard, the father a native of Massachusetts, and the mother of Columbia township. His father came to this townshi]) in 1840, and was a local preacher in the ]\Iethodist Episcopal Church, and supplied many charges ; he built the first sawmill at Leona, and was an extensive lumberman; he. died, Deceml)cr 19, 1858, at the age of foi-ty-foui' years, while the mother is still living, at the ag(; of seventy six yeai's, with her son. Our sub- ject was the only son and the youngest of tliree children, all of whom are living; he was reared on the fai'ni and educated in the schools of the township, and attended a select school foi' a time. When he was t(m years old his fatiiei" died; he was early obliged to take the affairs of tiie farm under his charge, and, by the wist; counsels of his mother, was able to save the farm, which was heavily involved, but whi(;li is at the ))resent timi; one of the first farms of the township. January 25, 1882, lie marritMJ Susie M.. daughter of Rev. Ralph and Auiandii HrsTORY OF I!liAI)F()l{l) CdHN'IY. 005 (Cliaiiibet'hiiii) Brooks, of Wy;ilusin<^- ; slie was born November 10, 1854; her father, who was a native of Leona, a- Methodist cleffiyman, died in 1858, at the age of thirty-four, in IJurlington. Mr. and Mrs. Hubbard have had born to tliem three children, two of whom are living: Ralph, born ()ctol)er 28, 1885, and Merle, born September 23, 1887. Mr. Hubbard's farm consists of 175 acres, and the principal business is dairying- ajid stock-i-aising. He is a Republican, and was a candidate in the fall of 1890 for county treasurer ; is a member of the Free- masons, has been a school director, and has held several offices of pub- lic trust. J. V. HUFF, farmer and stock-grower, Milan, born in Sussex county, N. J., August 14, 1819, is the son of fJohn and Anna (V'ough) HufT, and has but slight recollection of his grandparents, but remem- bers that his grandfather, Vough, died in Sussex county, K. J., at the extreme old age of ninety-four. His parents were farmers, and natives of New Jersey, the father of English, and the mother of Dutch descent ; they died in New Jersey, the mother when forty -nine, and the father at the age of seventy -seven. J. V. received liis education in the com- mon schools ; he came to this county in the spring of 1843, landing at Standing Stone; from there went to Towanda, and remained four months ; then to Milan, and purchased the farm he now owns, which consists of upward of 110 acres; it was heavily wooded, but he cleared away a spot to build a house, and erectetl a small frame dwelling. He is now one of the most prosperous farmers in the township, and is sur- rounded by the comforts of life. He ]mid the entire purchase price of the farm with the lumber taken from the woods with which it was covei-ed. He married Roxanna, daughter of John and Betsie (Green) Watkins, of Athenstownship, March 26, 1846; their children are: John W., married to Emma Hannah; Edward, married to Nora McKinney: Henrietta, wife of Stephen VanBuren, of Ulster township; Martha t)., wife of John Ka\^s, of Sussex county, N. J.; Frances A., and Mary A., wife of Perry Elsbree, of Smithfield township. Mr. Huflf is a member of the National Grange, in which he was for years a prominent member; the family are members of the Baptist CJhurch. In political views he is Democratic. Nearly the entire township was in the wil- derness at the time he came, and the forests were full of deer and bears. The banks of Big Buck creek were lined with sawmills, and the lumber business was the onlv pursuit followed to any extent. SAYILL S. HUGGINS, farmer, Springfield township, P. O. Big Pond, was born October 2, 1836, at Nunda, Livingston Co., N. Y., a son of Ira S. and Valeria M. (Pitts) Iluggins. His father was a native of Aurelius, Cayuga Co., N. Y., and was a farmer and carpenter; removed to this township in the spring of 1855, and settled on the farm where the subject of this sketch now resides; he died at the age of eighty -four years, August, 1885. His mother was born in Queens- bury, N. Y., and moved to this town in 1805, at the age of two months; was cradled in a sap trough and schooled on Grover Hill, and her father. Luke Pitts, was one of the first settlers in Springfield ; he built the first gristmill in the town, on the creek by Dr. Cory's house; this family traced their ancestry back to Sir William Pilt ; the mother 906 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. died iMurcli, 1883, ut the age of seventy-nine years. Mr. lluggins, the fourth in a family of eight children, was reared on the farm, and has continued that occupation, and now is the owner of a well-improved farm of eighty-four acres, the principal business being dairying and stock-raising. He owned and 0[)erated a sawmill many years, and was largelv m the lumbering business; he is a member of the Free- masons, l.'O. O. F., and the Patrons of Ilusbantlry; is also one of the directors of the Grange Mutual Fire Insurance Company, whose office is at Troy. He was married, March 31, 18(52, to Mary H., daughter of Isaac F. and Lucinda (Williams) Bullock; she was born October 3, 1841, and is the only sister of William A. and C. E. Bullock. To Mr. and j\Irs. lluggins have been born two children, as follows: Minnie E., born March 2, 18()3, wife of Charles B. Grace, died February IT, 1890, and Eva M., born January 2, 18C5, wife of Frank Yoorhis. Mr. llug- gins is a Republican is politics, has held several offices of public trust, and is a man res]5ected by a large circle of friends. HON. CHARLES T. HULL, county treasurer, Athens, is a native of Coventry, Chenango Co., N. Y., a son of Josiah and Mercy (Jones) Hull, the former a native of Sharon, Conn., and the latter of Lisle, Broome countv. N. Y. Josiah Hull, who was a blacksmith by trade, removed to Athens in 1847, and died in 1881, in his seventy-i'ourth year; his widow died in 1883, in her seventy-ninth year. Commodore Isaac Hull, the great-grandfather of Charles T. Hull, was an eminent officer in the Revolutionary War. The subject of this sketch is the third in a family of eight children, of which six are living. He received a common-school education, and worked about five years at the steel engraving business in Athens. Responding to the call for ti'oops. he enlisted August 1(5, 1862, in Company E, One Ilundi-ed and Forty-first P. V. I., and served till July 17, 1865, the close of the war. After being in the service some time he contracted typhoid fever, soon after the battle of Chancellorsville, but remained at the front until he re- covered. Returning home, he soon thereafter accepted a position as clerk in the First National Bank, Athens, and in 1871 he was promoted to cashier, a position he held until January 1, 1891. At the November election, 1890, Mr. Hull was elected county treasurer of liradford county, and entered u)K)n the duties of his oifice January 1, 1891. He is a charter member of the G. A. R., Perkins Post, No. 202. In 1878 he was elected State commander of the G. A. R., and during that year he organized the Gettysburg Encampment, and had organized al)out twentv-five Posts in the State. He is also a member of the Union Veteran Legion No. 28, and has held the office of aid commander- in-chief of that organization; he is a member of the Royal Arcanum, and in politics he is a Re])ublicari. Mr. Hull is one of the most sub- stantial citizens of Athens, noted for his integrity of friendship, and his unaffected retiring dis))osition has drawn toward him the fullest con- fidence and warmest friendship of perha])s as many of the people as any man in the county ever did. Among the old veterans of the Civil AVar, and the sons of the soldiers, he is esteenu^d the highest, and is consulted and relied upon in all their important ati'airs. HISTORY (IF BRADKOKI) COUNTY. 907 JAMES HUNT, farmei-, P. (). Fassett, was lioi-n in Eiioland, Feb- ruary 3, 1833, a son of F^dniund and Kli/al)eth (Allen) llunr, also natives of England. James Hunt came to this county. May 29, 1858, locating in Athens township; then removed to Eltniia, where he lived ten yeai's. In 186!) he came to South Cieek townsiiip, near the State line, north of Roaring run, on a farm of fifty acres, purchased from AVilliam I^rook. lie was married in September, 1850, at Elmira, to Rebecca, daughter of William 11. and Ann Fuller, natives of England. This union resulted in the birth of ten children, as follows : Anna, Sarah, William (married to Hattie Rrewer, of Weils), MoUie (married to Fred Smith, a farmer), Fred,' Walter, llarr}^ Lottie, Glennie, and Anna (deceased). Mr. Hunt is an enterprising fai'mer of South Creek township; in 1890 he built a new barn, and in 1891 a new residence; the fruit upon his property is of the choicest kind. He has held the office of road-master in South Creek township with the utmost satisfaction. JOHN F. HUNT, farmer, P. O. Troy, was born on the farm where he now resides, December 5, 1840, and is a son of Joseph P. and Elizabeth (Dobbins) Hunt. His father, wJio was a native of New Jersey, a son of John Hunt, settled in Troy townshij), in 1825, and on the farm now owned by John F. Hunt, in 1831, which he partially cleared and improved, and which he pui'chased of the Mormons, who removed from there to Nauvoo. HI. His wife was a daughter of John and Rebecca (McKean) Dobbins, and granddaughter of William and Mary A. (McKean)Dobbins, who settled in Burlington township, this county, in 1791, He was the father of three children: Elizabeth (Mrs. Miles Kennedy), John F., and Mary A. (Mrs. Horton Ferguson). The subject of this sketch was reared on the old homestead, where he has always resided ; he was in the Civil War, enlisting September 5, 1864, in Company I, Fifteenth New York Engineers, and was honorably discharged at the close of the war. He married, December 31, 1867, Augusta, daughter of (Charles and Julia (Ferguson) Colony, of Columbia township, and has one daughter, Grace (Mrs. Ernest Teeter). Mr. Hunt is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of the I. O. O. F., G. A. R. and Patrons of Husbandry, and is a Republican in politics. MRS. WEALTHY HUNT, P.^ O. West Warren, is a daughter of William F. and Nancy M. (Eastabrooks) Corbin. Mr. Corbin was born in Nichols, N. Y., January 17, 1813, and made liis home nearly all his life in Warren township, this county. He was a son of Oliver Corbin (a native of Connecticut, of English stock), a son of Clement Corbin who reared a family of twenty-two children, and it is supposed that Clement died in this county ; his son Oliver came here in 1800, and was among the very first "^settlers in this part of the county. A true pioneer who braved successfully every danger and all hardships of a wild frontier life, he survived to a great age, and died in F^ebruary, 1870. He had nine children, of whom William was the third, who was reared on his father's farm and become a yeoman and successful farmer, clearing his way to fortune in the dense woods that so deeply shaded all this country, when his eyes Hrst looked upon It; at his death he was the owner of 120 acres of fine farm land, the deft work of his own strongand willing hands. He was married, March 8, 1838, to Nancy M. 908 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Eastal)rooks, daughter of William S. and Wealthy Sliurtliff, the former of whom died in 1S25, liis widow surviving until 1855; they had children, of whom two died in infancy ; those who grew to maturity were William W., who married Julia A. Gorhara, and had nine cliil- dren; Judson, married to Eliza Robinson, and had five children ; Nancy; Sylvanus, married to Lucy Newberry, and died in 1885 ; Charlotte (Mrs. Sweet Gardner), living in Scranton, and Jackson. Francis J. and Wkalthy Hunt, farmers, P. O. West Warren. Francis is a native of Tioga county, N. Y., born September 25, 1857, a son of Jesse and Abigail (Eaton) Hunt, of New York. The family came to this county in 1864-, and located in OrAvell township. They had three chiklren : Francis J., Charles E. and Flora Belle (Mrs. Joseph Law)-ence). Francis J. removed to Warren township in 1881, where he owns a snuiU fai-m and cultivates his father in-law's farm or estate of 120 acres. He was married in Waverly to Wealthy Corbin, and they have one son, Guy Lafrance, born January 28, 1881. Mrs. Hunt was the w^idow of Scott Northrup, who was killed, in 1877, b}?^ a threshing machine near Wayland, Steuben Co., N. Y., where they then resided. F. H. HUNTLEY, dealer in confectionery. Say re, is a native of Monroeton, this county, and was born October 19, 1858, a son of J). E. and Elma (Alexandei-) Huntley, natives of this county. His father who was a carriage-makei", died, in September, 1884, in his lifty-third year ; his widow is now a resident of Say re. Mrs. Huntley's great- grandfather, William Clai'ke, was a colonel in the Revolutionary War, and was one of the first settlers in Ulster township; her grandfather Clarke was a soldier in the War of 1812. F. II. Huntley, who is the second in a family of live children, comi)let(Hl his education in Susque- hanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda, attending there two terms; tiien learned the carriage j)ainter's trade, which lie followed until 1890 ; on September 1, of which year, he engaged in the confectionery trade, o])posite the " Wilbur House," on 'Packer avenue, in Sayre, whither he had removed in 1880. He was married in Standing Stone. September 17, 1885, to Miss Minnie, daughter of Peter and Surah (IJarnes) Keen, farmei"s, and natives of New Jerse}^ now residents of Sayre. Mrs. Huntley is the eUler of two children, born in Standing Stone, November 2-1-, 1850 ; she is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. INfr. Huntley is a member of the Iron Hall and Royal Arcanum; also of the Wilbur Hook and Ladder Company, of which he was foreman two years; served five years in the Pennsylvania State Militia, the first two years under Col. Stead, and the remaining tiiree years under Col. Reynolds; politicallv he is a Repul)lican. 'DANIEL HURLEY, farmer and stock-grower, P. O. Myersburg, was boi'n in Standing Stone, this county, September 20, 1849, and is a son of John and Mary Hurley, wdio were born in County Cork, Ire- land, and immigrated to this county about 1830, locating at Standing Stcjne, where they resided until deatii, the father dying in Octobei', 1881, at the almost unprecedented age of one hundred and six years ; they had a family of twelve childi'en, seven of whom ai'c living, viz.: Timothy, a farmci- ; Ellen, marri(;d to Sylvester ('onklyn, a soldiei- in the Union Ai-inv. who deserted the ai'inv and went West; Pati'ick C HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 909 liotel ])roprietor at Bi-uUoi-d ; Mary, niai'i'ied to William Allen, a carpenter, of Towanda ; Julia; Peter, a carpenter and builder, and Daniel. The deceased are Charles, who died wlien crossing the ocean from Ireland, and his tiny body rests among the coral groves of the ocean ; John fell on a circular saw, while at work in a sawmill ; Arthur enlisted in Company G, Thirty-seventh P. V. I., and was captured, was a short time in rebel prisons, secured a parole, but was again capt- uj-ed and sent to Anderson ville, and the hero now sleeps among the thousands of comrades whose bones are moldering in the Anderson- ville Soldiers' Cemetery. Daniel's boyhood was passed on a farm, and he attended the district school until fourteen, when he went to work at the lumber trade there four years, and then returned to Bradford county, and was on the farm one year, when he again engaged in lum- bering, in which he passed the next four years. He now owns 140 acres of well-improved land, and is one of the enterprising and ])rosperous farmers of Bradford county, having accumulated his property by his own exertions. Mr. Hurley was united in wedlock August 28, 1877, with Nora Purcell, daughter of John and Johanna (Curtain) Purcell, to bless which union have come seven children, viz.: Mary, Julia, John, Theressa, Martha, liosella and Emma. The family are members of the Catholic Church. Mr. Hurley is a Democrat, and holds the office of school director; he is the author of the excellent plan of having uniform text books throughout the county. He ranks among the rep- resentative farmers of the county, and is much esteemed by a wide circle of friends. BURT HUTCHINS, passenger conductor, Lehigh Yalley Ptailroad, Sayre, is a native of Junius, Seneca Co., N. Y., and was born July 8, 1844, a son of John and Harriet (Birdsey) Plutchins, the former a native of Newark county, N. Y., and the latter of Connecticut. The father, who was a farmer, and a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was born August 29, 1839, and died, December 0, 1872; the mother, who is in her seventy-third year, resides in Elmira. Burt Hutchins is the eldest child, and has two sisters. He finished his course in the Elmira Business College in August, 1802, and immediately enlisted in Company I, One Hundred and Forty-first N. Y. Y. I., from Elmira, N. Y., and he participated in a number of skirmishes ; was sent to the DeCamp General Hospital, New York City, as clerk, where he remained until February 27, 1865, when he was mustered out. Returning to Elmira he clerked in a grocery store about six years, and then farmed four yeai's, at the end of which time he was employed on the Lehigh A^alley Railroad as freight brakeman ; was promoted to freight conductor in 1875, and to passenger conductor in 1882, which position he has since held. He was married, January 3, 1866, to Miss Electa A., daughter of Henry and Mary (Pollard) Hallock, natives of Pennsylvania; the for- mer of whom, a miller and sawyer, by trade, died in 1881, in his sixtieth year ; the latter died in 1883, in her fifty-ninth year; their family con- sisted of four girls and one boy, of whom Mrs. Hutchins is the fourtii in order of birth. AVhen six weeks old she was adopted by Noble and Electa A, (Dewitt) Weller, natives of Connecticut, who came to Che- mung, N. Y., about the year 1840. Mrs. Hutchins was born in Che- 910 HISTORY OP BRADFORD COUNTY. inung, N. Y., January 1. 1845. To this marriage were born two sons, viz.: Fred N., wlio graduated at the Jiuffalo College of Pharmacy in February, 1889, and is now an apothecary in the Buffalo State Hospi- tal, and Frank J., a machinist. Mrs. Hutchins is a member of the Baptist Church. Mr. Hutchins is a member of the I. O. O. F., Menoka Lodge, No. 219 ; and of the Order of liaiiwav Conductors, Division No. 10. Waverlv, N. Y. LEWIS HARLOW HUTCHINSON, farmer. Pike township, P. O. Leilaysville, was born February 10, 1852, on the farm now owned by James H. Smith, and is a son of David B. and Lydia (Ide) Hutchinson, He is a grandson of William S. Hutchinson (who moved to Pike township, November 5, 1819), and a great-grandson of llev. Aaron H. Hutchin- son, of Vermont; his maternal grandparents were Nathaniel and Mercv (Allen) Ide, and his great-grandfather was Nehemiah Ide, a soldier in the Revolutionary AV'ar. Mr. Hutchinson spent his boyhood on the farm, attending the district school, and LeRaj^sviUe Academy. He began life for himself at the age of twenty, has been successively employed in farming, railroading, lumbering and mining, and is now engaged in farming and various other occupations, residing with his brother-in-law, James H. Smith. He was married. May 2, 1879, to Lydia Wesler, and they have one son, James Herbert. Mr. Hutchin- son is a member of the' I. O. O. F., No. 371, at Dallas, Pa., and in pol- itics he is a Republican. STEPHEN SEYMOUR HUTCHINSON, farmer, of Pike town- ship, P. O. LeRaysville, was born in Pike township, this county, April 18, 1831, a son of William and Electa (Seymour) Hutchinson, natives of New England and of English origin. In their family there were eight children, of whom Stephen is the second. His grandfather, William S. Hutchinson, came from Vermont with five children in 1818, and took up a farm of eighty acres near LeRaysville, which was then a dense forest, and many interesting stories of the privation and dan- gers are told by William who is still living, at the age of eighty-seven yeai-s. Stephen S. was married, October 7, 1862, to Martha A., daughter of Samuel and Emma (Kidder) Stevens, of English origin, the foniier a native of Litchfield, Conn., the latter of Waterford, A't., and they have two children : i>elle E., born July 18, 18G3, married to Llewellyn Davies, a student in Cornell University, and Daisy Pearl. Judge Luther Kidder, of Monroe, Pike and Wayne counties, was an uncle of Mrs. Hutchinson. The family are members of the Episcopal Church. Mr. Hutchinson stands hiirh amono- the farmers of Bradford county who have made a success of tilling the soil. He is a Republi- can in ])olitics. ABRAHAM M. INCH AM, phvsician, Burlington, was born in New York City, November 10, 1831, a son of David and Hannah (Nutter) Ingham, natives of Huddersfield, England, David was a woolen-goods manufacturer; his parents removed to America when young married people, and he and a ijrother were some years in busi- ness at Monro(;ton, and afterward farmed in LeRoy ; he spent the lat- ter |)art of his life in Tioga countv, and died at the age of ninety-one years. Abraham was the; secoml in a familv of seven children, and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 911 helped his rather on the farm and in the mills; was educated in the schools of ALonroelon and at Harford, Pa. lie studied medicine in Troy, and attended lectures in the Philadelphia Homeopathic Medical College, where he graduated in the regular course, in 18r)8, and entered the practice of his pi'ofession at Lawrenceville, Tioga county, the same year, and remained there seven yeai's; then removed to Plossburg, and "after fourteen years' practice there came to Burlington, in 1887. He has always enjoyed an extensive and remunerative practice ; has been examiner for several life insurance companies, and is a member of the I. O. O. F., Freemasons and Knights of Honor; he is a Democrat in politics, and has held several places of public trust. In October, 1857, he married Martha VanDyke, of LeRoy, who was born in Decem'ber, 1831, a daughter of Davis and Elizabeth (Watts) Van Dyke, of German origin, natives of this county. They have had born to them three children, as follows : Lillie, wifeof Edward Van Dyke ; Melvin, married to Nettie Graham ; and Bertha, wife of Stephen Gurnett. He had one brother, Thomas, in the Engineer Corjis in the Civil War, who served about three years. GEORGE T. INGHAM, merchant, dealer in butter, eggs and produce. Sugar Run, is the only child of Joseph W. and Mary (Taylor) Ingham, natives of Pennsylvania, the former of whom was one of the early pioneers of Bradford county. Mr. Ingham was born in Wilmot townsliip, this county, August 13, 1851, and was educated in the common schools, Wyalusing Academy and Susquehaniui Collegiate Institute. He began life for himself at the age of twenty-one, first at milling, and two years later opened a store at Sugar Run, where he is still engaged in general mercantile business; he also operates the grist- mill at Suo^ar Run, which does a thriving business. Mr. Inoham was married, May 27, 1875, to Augusta L., daughter of '"Major" Terry, of Teri-ytown, and they have seven children, viz,: Charles U,, born January 28, 1870; Ernest J., born April 12, 1878; Harry T,, born August 29, 1881; Louisa M,, born January 17, 1884; Mary, born September 26, 1880; James T., born December 21, 1889, and George B,, born August 24, 1891. Mr. Ingham is a member of the I. O. O. F., Clauson Lodge, at Sugar Run ; is a ruling elder in the Presbyterian Church, is a Repub- lican in politics, and is at present postmaster at Sugar Run, MRS, SOLOME B, (RICHISON) INMAN, P, O. Gillett, widow of the late Benjamin In man, was born in Cherr}^ Valley, N, Y., Sep- tember 20, 1813, a daughter of Luther and Rebecca (Bell) Richison. The Richison and Inman families removed to this county about the same time, in 1831, and located in Ridgebury, and Solome was then seventeen years of age, Mr, Richison's family consisted of nine chil- dren, of whom Mrs. fnman is tlie fourth; she and a younger brother are all who are living of the nine, and she is now in her seventy- eighth year. They began housekeeping in a log house, sixteen feet square, with hemlock boards and basswood bark ceiling ; here they lived twenty-one years as pioneers in the wilderness, enduring the hardships of all early settlers; then built a frame house, in which they lived fifteen years, when this was burnt; they then built the house the family now occu})y. Mrs, Inman I'eared a family of nine children — six 91:^ HISTORY OF BRADFOIID COUNTY. sons and three daughters — eight of wliom grew to maturity, and five of these are now living ; four of the S(nis served their country in the Civil War, and one, John, lost his life in Andersonville prison. Mr. Inman lived to be seventy-three years of age, and died in 1S83; his son Edward works the farm f they are general farmers, raising stock, wool, grain, and pay especial attention to dairying. Edward married Clara, daughter of Hiram and Elizabeth Joiner, and to them were born four children ; he has been honored with the offtces of asses- sor and town treasurer. THE ADAM INNES FAMILY, Granville Centre, is one of the most important in southwest Bradford county. Adam Innes, the orig- inal Scotchman of this American race, was born in Musselburgh, Scot- land, April 10, 1820, and died in Granville Centre, this county, March 10, 1886, aged sixty-five years and eleven months. He was the only son and child who grew to maturity in the family of llobert and Mar- ian Kirkwood Innes. In the old country his parents were of the mid- dle class, and he had only limited educational advantages. In his vouth he was apprenticed to the tanner's trade, and his principal and important lessons in young life were industry, thoroughness and a rigid economy, and in these lay the foundation of his successes and fortune. He completed his a])prenticeship, a thorough and master workman, and for some time worked in the tannery in Linlithgow, Scotland, at which place he was married, October 4, 1844, to Helen McNeil, a native of that place, born April 17, 1821, a daughter of Daniel and Mary (Duncan) McNeil, of the counties of Edinburgh and Linlithgow, respectively, who had eight children — five daughters and three sons — of whom Helen was the second in ordei" of birth. Four years after marriage thev emigrated from their native land, coming direct to America to make their future permanent home, stopping lirst in Norwich, New London Co., Conn., where he worked a shoi't time at his trade, and then removed to Ulster county, N. Y., where he was in the employ of one, Abram Schultz, at whose' death he secured an interest with the heirs in the tannery. In time Mr. Innes was operating the two tanneries by con- tract, and 'thus continued until 1805, wiien he removed to Granville Centre, and purchased the old Martin tannery. By this time his repu- tation for his products was widely extended. When betook hold of this establishment it was a very small alfaii-, but he increased its capac- ity from 7,000 sides per year to 28,000, and yet the demand for his goods outran the supply. '^In 1870 he built the^ "Caledonia Tannery" at Grover, Canton township, with a capacity of 32,000 sides annually, and placed his son, Daniel, in charge. In 1880 he established the " Wallace Tannery,'' at lloaring Branch, with a capacity of 40,000 sides annuallv, under his son, John A. Adam Innes was also for some time associated with- Ikainard Bowen, of Troy, in the tannery there. In February, 1881, he helped to establish the First National Bank of Canton, and was elected its president; was reelected three times, but in Januarv, 1885, on account of his health, he declined further service in that capacity. He was one of the promoters, and vice-president, of the Kevstone Land and (\-ittle C()mi)any, owning a ranch and large tract of land in Dakota. In February. 1884, he became a member of HISTORY OK BKADFORI) COTNTY. 913 the extensive leather firm of Schultz, Innes iSc Co., of Nos. 1 11, 113 and 115 Cliff St., N. Y., which continued until his death ; was also a large stockholder in the Citizens National Bank, Towanda. This is a mere skeleton outline of the vast business career of Adam Innes. His force of character, his clear, strong- judgment, his never- (luestioned integrity, his broad and generous equity, justice and helpful charity were known, but slightly compared to their reality, by those who even knew him best. Exemplary m private life, and most worthy in his social mingling with the world, his strong Scotch blood was at its very best among his closest intimates, and under his family roof-tree. "A man among men'" — rearing a model family, purifying the social atmosphere in which he moved, and devoting his great life to the development of liis adopted country. State and neighborhood. A pro- ducer where he found barrenness and want ; developing that higher and better civilization that makes this earth wholesome, and the human heart vocal with joys. No urgency from his many friends could ever induce him to stand for political office; his impulses were in a different and, it is not too much to say, a higher plane of existence. His whole nature was retiring, modest and self -abnegating in the extreme. He was a member of the Congregational Church, but his religion went out to liis fellow-man and knew no sectarianism. He was buried under the auspices of the F. & A. M. Lodge of Troy, and about his fresh-opened tomb the whole community stood as deep and sincere mourners, and no man has ever been laid away that has been more grievously missed. His rare life was not a fitful fever nor a fretful dream, l)ut a sublime reality, tinged with the golden aureole, and he slee})s well. Mrs. Adam Innes spent her early life in her native Scotland home, and learned at tlie paternal knee those noble lessons of life that made her in time '• a blessed mother in Israel." Her faithful and eminent husband's proudest boast to his most intimate circle of friends, when old age was coming on, was that he owed far more of his success to her than to any one, or all else; that in every important transaction, after their marriage, he consulted her, not only as an equal, but as his superior, and her approval was of supreme and last importance. She was of the most rugged of Scotch blood — patient, brave, womanly and yet of strong judgment and remarkable executive ability. In their home- she was inotJter, the highest tliat can be said of mortal ; in social and friendship's wide domain she stood a constant and jo\'ous benedic- tion, generous, Christain, kind, tender and loving in all her impulses; first her husband, then her children, then all mankind. She was one year younger than her husband, survived him nearly two years, dying- February 23, 1888, and then was laid at rest by his side — in life united, in death not separated — and they sleep sweetly in Granville Cemetery. Though painfully afflicted during the last nine years of her life with a rheumatic affection, her ))atient fortitude and Christain gentleness never deserted her; serene in the memory of her late departed companion, happy and content in the pi'esencci of her loving children. She awaited the end as the beautiful child nestles in itsmothei-'s bosom, and closes its eyes in a sweet and dreamless sleep. Their children were live sons and tliree daughters; Robert, of IJodines; Daniel, and Mary C, Mrs, James 914 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. H. P^astgate, of (4rover; Olivia, Mrs. ('iuii-les G. Sayles, of Granville Centre; John A., Colin A., and Helen J. Innes, of Canton, and Judson K., of Granville Centre. DANIEL INXES, president First National Bank, Canton, was born in Linlithgow. Scotland, February 28, 1848, the second in the fam- ily of eight children born to Adam and Helen (McNeil) Innes, also na- tives of Scotland. When he was ten weeks old his parents removed to this country, and he was reared princi])ally in Ulster county. N. Y., receiving his education in the public and high schools. He learned the tanner's trade with his father, and in the fall of 1870 was placed in charge of the Caledonia Tannery, which he still retains. He was married at Granville, this county, in 1872, to Miss Pamelia A., daughter of John and Polly (Miles) Vroman, of Canton, natives of this county and ]\[ehoop- any, Wyoming Co., Pa., respectivel\\ Mrs. Innes, who is the second in a family of four living children, was born in Burlington township, this county, April 4, 1849. To Mr, and Mrs. Innes were born four children, viz.: Charles Arthur, Floyd Adam, Edna Ann and Edward Richardson. Onr subject has been president of the First National Bank of Canton since the spring of 1885; is one of the trustees of the hospital at Blossbui'g; is a stockholder in the Keystone Land and Cattle Company, of South Dakota; also a stockholder in the State Bank, of Lisbon, Dak.: is interested in the firm of Schultz, Innes ^V Co., of New York. He is a member of the Masonic Fraternity; Canton Lodge, No. 415; Troy Chapter, No. 261; Canton Commandery, No. »)4; is also a member of the Lodge of Perfection, of Towanda, and politically he is a Ilepublican. JOHN A. INNES, tanner. Canton, is a native of Ulster county, N. Y., born July 20, 1855, a son of Adam and Helen (McNeil) Innes, a sketch of whom precedes this. lie is the fifth in order of birth in a family of eight cliildren, and was reared in Ulster county, N. Y., until ten years of age. when they came with the family to Granville Centre. He received a public school education, and learned the tanning trade with his father, with whom he remained until February. 1883, when he and three of his brothers ])ought their fathers tanneries at Gran- ville Centre, Grover and lioai'iug liranch, the firm name being A. Innes Sons. Their ))roduct is union ci'o]) sole leather. Mr. Innes is a mem- ber of the firm of Schultz, Innes & Co., hide and leather merchants, of New York, and they have also a branch house in Boston. He is also connected with the Keystone Cattle Company, whose ranch is in South Dakota. They have 14,000 acres of hemlock timber, required for the bark; a farm near Canton containing 200 acres; fine-bred trotting horses, cattle, etc. Mr. Innes was married in Troy, Sei)teml)er 10, 1878, to Jennie E. Williams, born in Troy township, this county, January 15, 1858. second in the family of four childi-en of Samuel and Eliza (Clifton) Williams. To them were born six children, as follows: Edith M., Paul E. (deceased), Ralph (deceased). John A., Daniel T. and Gertrude P. Mr. Innes is a dii-ector of the First National Bank of ('anton, is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, (Janton liodge. No. 415, Troy (Chapter, No. 201, and Canton Commandery, No. 04; was emi- nent con'imander of the latter in 1888. Politically he is a Ilepublican. HISTORY OF BRADFOHl) COUNTY. 915 J. K. INNE8, tanner, Granville Centre, is a native of Ulster Co., N. Y., born December 25, 1S62, the youno-est in the family of eight children born to Adam and Helen (McNeil) Innes. He was educated in the public school, at Granville Centre, and the graded schools at Troy; also attended the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, at Towanda. When three years old he was brought by his parents from Ulster county, N. Y., to Bradford county, Pa., and has since resided in Granville townshi)). He learned the tanner's trade with his father, and in the spring of 1883 took charge of the Scotia Tannery, where he has remained until the present time. The product of the tannery is 30,000 sides annually. On September 15, 1886, Mr. Innes was married in Granville township to Jennie, daughter of P. J. and Almina (Case) Catlin, natives of Schuyler county, N. Y., who had a family of three daughters of whom Mrs. Innes is the second, born in Granvdle township, August 30, 1867. Her father is a farmer of that township, and served his country in the Civil War; her grandfather, George Catlin, was a native of New York, has been a resident of Granville township, this county, forty years, and is now eighty-three years of age. Mr. and Mrs. Innes have had born to them one daughter, Laura A., born November 6, 1888. Our subject is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, Trov Lodge, No. 306, Troy Chapter, No. 261, Canton Commandery, No. 64; also, a member"^ of the I. O. O. F., Granville Centre, No. 687; has passed all the chairs, and is holding the office of treasurer at the present time; politically he is a Republican. CHARLES N. IRVINE, farmer, Monroe township, P. O. Liberty Corners, was born in Monroe township, on the old Welch Irvine homestead, August 9. 1846, and is a son of Guy C. and Deborah A. (Ilollon) Irvine, the former of whom was born August 25, 1816, a son of Welch Irvine who removed to Monroe in 1814, and was of Scotch- Irish origin ; the latter was a branch of the Ilollon family, well known in Monroe. In his father's family there were two children : Lyman AVelch, born January S. 1842, who lives on the old homestead (he was in the quartermaster's department at Murf reesboro. Tenn.. during the war ; he married Lorania II. Van Gorder, by wliom he has two children : Zilpha, born April 27, 1873, married to"^ Clai'k A. Dodson, a farmerand lumberman, Shickshinny, Pa., and Deborah E., born January 12. 1877), and Charles N. The subject of this sketch spent his boyhood on the farm, was educated in the common school, also in Monroe graded school, and at twenty-one engaged in business for himself; he worked his father's farm seven years, and then located on his present home, which he had ])reviously purchased. Mr. Irvine was married, January 26, 1874, to Miss Alice A., daughter of Wells and Mary A. (Shiner) Goff, of Monroe ; she died September 19, 1888, leaving "^two children : Carrie D.,born November 14, 1875, and Guv C, born March 28, 1879. Mr. Irvine was afterward married, Maf-ch 18, 1891, to Miss Sarah, daughter of F.Wilson and Mary(Hanna) Frutchey, of Frenchtown. Lyman and (Miarles N. Irvine are Republicans in'^poli- tics. and have been frequent holders of town offices in Monroe township. JAMES W. IRVINE, merchant. Liberty Coi-ners. was born in Monroe, this county, March 6, 1825, and is a son of Welch and Mary 916 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. M. (Kestor) Irvine, natives of Cumberland and Union counties, respec- tively. Welch Ij-vine was of Scotch descent, his wife of German. Ills parents fled from the Indians, from Northumberland county to Chimberland county, and while there in camp Welch was born, but his mother died soon after; the exact date of his birtii is unknown, but it is thought to be not far from June 15, 1780. George, the brother of AVelch, removed to Bradford county ; coming up Lycoming creek, which lie crossed thirty -six times, he arrived in Fowlertown after dark, December 17, 1813. AndrcAv — a half-brother — located in Towanda, in 1812, where he erected and operated a tannery till 1836, when he removed to Warren county, Pa., where he bought property and engaged extensively in lumbering and farming. On the property which he purchased, and which is now in possession of his children, are several productive oil and gas wells. In 1814, Welch removed and located on the farm now owned by E. T. Parks, where he remained till sometime in 1815. when he moved onto the land which he bought at Liberty Corners, and followed farming and boat-building until his death, which occurred February 12, 1850. In his family there were six children, of whom J. W. is the fifth. He began life for himself, farming:, at nine- teen, which he followed until the spring of 1866, when he engaged in clei'king, whicli he followed two years in Taylorsville and Scranton, and then located in his present place of business, where he has since kept a general store, and dealt quite extensively in Syracuse chilled plows, and has also given some attention to farming. He Avas married, January 8. 1851, to Miss Alinira, daughter of Jeremiah and Elizabeth Orcutt) Hollon, and they have had the following named children : Leonard S., born September 9, 1853, a farmer in Monroe townshiji ; Marv E., born Mnv 20, 1860, died August 19, 1865; Alice and Addie .M. (twins), born July 1, 1864 (Addie M. died April 10, 1872, and Alice was married June 6, 1888, to O. Delos Davis, who was born in Steuben county, N. Y., June 25, 1864, and is a son of Rev. Orson D. and Malissa (Knowles) Davis (he is in the employ of Mr. Irvine); they have one child, Irvine D.. born April 2, 1889). Mr. Irvine is a member of the iVIethodist Ei)iscopal Church; has always been a sup])orter of all public and educational enterprises, taught school at Smitlilield as early as 1843, and then taught, off and on, tAvelve years, having at times as manv aseightv pupils; he is a Kepublican in politics, and was post- master"from 1872 till 1886. J. ]\[. IKVIXE, farmer and stock-raiser. AVyalusing township, P. O. Ilomet's Ferry, Avas born in Wyaiusing townshiji, this county, Februai-y 20, 1858, and is a son of John Irvine. He was reared on the farm he now occupies, was educated in the common school, and upon I'eacliing his majority was already a well-ei)uip])ed fai-mer. He. has always resided on the old homestead, which he has owned since 1872; it contains 100 acres of productive land, well improved and well stocked with horses and cattle. He coml)ines hay-pressing and thresh- ing with farming, and owns a fine steam I'ig for that ))urj)ose. Mr. Irvine was mai-ried, OctolxM' 23, 1883, to I )e]la I»iles, a daughter of Charles Biles, of the same vicinil V. and their union has been blessed with two children: liavmond and ('hristine. He is a member of l''air- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, 917 banks Association P. of L, No. 3304, and politically he is a Democrat. Mr. Irvine, who is one of Wyahising's successful young farmers, has all the qualities that go to make up a leading man of his class — indus- try, honestv, frugality and intelligence. ^ ROBERT M. IRVINE, farmer, Monroe township, P. O. Liberty Corners, was born in Monroe, June 24, 1846, and is a son of William W. and Eliza (Hollon) Irvine. Robert spent his boyhood on the farm, and attended the common schools. He then took up farming, and has followed it since, on a portion of the old Irvine homestead. He was married, March 15, 1871, to Miss Myra Dell, daughter of Charles and Elizabeth (DuBois) Marcy, the former a native of Monroe and of New England origin, and the latter a native of New York State, of German lineage. One son and two daughters blessed this happy union, viz.: Alice A. (born November 2, 1872), Jennie M. (born July 20, 1875), and Frederick E. (born May 11, 1870). Mr. Irvine is an earnest and enthusiastic Democrat. WASHINGTON IRVINE, farmer and stock-grower, Wyalusing township, P. O. Homet's Ferry, was born in Asylum township, this county, January 9, 1832, and is a son of John and Martha (Arnot) Irvine. When he was eight years of age he came with his parents to the old homestead, now occupied by his brother, John M., and there he passed his boyhood, assisting in clearing and cultivating the land, and during winters attending school at Fairbanks school-house. He remained with his father, on the old homestead, until he was thirty- tiiree years old, and then removed to his present place, which at that time was an old frame house, with about fifteen acres of cleared land, which be at once began clearing and iiuprovino-, and now he has seventy acres of fine farm land, fifty acres being cleared, and all well improved, with good buildings and fences. Mr. Irvine was united in marriage, December 25, 1864, with Lucy A., daughter of Thomas and Juliett (French) Doud, residents of Franklin township. Her father died in 1871, aged sixty-four years; her mother is yet living; they had a family of six children, three yet living, Mrs. Irvine being the eldest in the family. This union has been blessed with three children : Alice, married to S. D. Eilenberger, an emplo3'e of Frost & Sons; Margaret and Bertha, students at the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda. Mr. Irvine, has always been a farmer, and has his farm well stocked with horses and cattle; he is a member of the Fairbanks Association, Patrons of Industrv, and is a Democrat. WILLIAM W. IRVINE, farmer, Monroe township, P. O. Liberty Corners, was born in Northumberland county. Pa., April 5, 1812, and is a son of George and Margaret (Reed) Irvine, natives of Pennsyl- vania, the former of Protestant-Irish origin ; the ancestors of the latter lived in Pennsylvania many generations. In their family there were nine children of whom subject is the sixth ; the other eight lived to be over sixty years of age, two sisters and the subject of this sketch being the only survivors. George Irvine came to Monroe township in 1813, and lived near where Monroeton now is, until he built his house of hewn logs, Avhere William W. now resides. The last-named gentle- man worked for the general interest of the family until he was nearly 53 918 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. thirty, and then enoaged in farming and luml)ering on the old home- stead, which he has since followed. Jle was married, October 16, 1842, to Miss Eliza, daughter of Jeremiah and Betsey (Orciitt) Hollon, and thev have live children (three of whom are living) : Robert, born June 28,1846 ; George P., born July 24, 1850, died July 24, 1851 ; Edward C, born May 31, 1853, clerk iii C. P. Welles' store, Towanda; Walter W., born July 3, 1855, residing at home, and Alice Y., born April 16, 1858, died November 19, 1865. Mr. and Mrs. Irvine are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he has not failed to poll a Dem- ocratic ballot at general election in fii'tv-eight vears. PHILEMON ISBELL, farmer, of Burlington township, P. O. Luther's Mills, was born in Eaton, Madison Co., N. Y., Sejitember 20, 1809, a son of Noah and Nancy (Slocum) Isbell,of English and Welch origin, natives of Massachusetts. Noah was a tanner and currier, also a farmer, and died when our subject was three years of age; the mother then married John Hall, a farmer of Onondaga c6unty, N. Y. When Philemon was fourteen years of age the family removed to Owego N. Y,, where he was reared on the farm, and, soon after attaining his majority, he engaged in farming for himself, in Michigan, where he remained until 1843, when he came to Bradfortl county, and settled in Burlington, where he has been engaged in lum- bering and farming. lie mar-ried. in February, 1833, Margaret Ann McNeil, of Scotch ancestry, born May 10, 1810, a daughter of Francis and Polly (Norton) McNeil, To this union were born eleven children, seven of whom are living, as follows : Hulda, John, Nanc}^ Polly, Maria, Sherman and William. John is a farmer in Burlington, and was a soldier in an Engineer Corps in the Civil War; he married Mary, a daughter of Welcome and Julia Ann (Jones) Rice ; her father is living at the age of eighty-one years. William was married to Franc Adamson, who died, and for his second wife he married Alice, daugh- ter of J. and Lydia (Bennett) Campbell, of North ToAvanda; he is -a farmer on the old homestead (a fine farm of about 100 acres) with his father. Philemon Isbell, the subject of this sketch, was many years a Democrat, but since Buchanan's administration he has been a Republi- can, as are the sons. The family are members of the jMethodist Ei)is- copal Church, having j<;ined the same about 185u. They are hard- working people, and respected by all. W, C. JACKSON, farmer, P. O. Terrytown, was born near Dushore, Sullivan Co., Pa., October 28, 1861, a son of Andrew R. and Matilda (Lawrence) Jackson, the former born in Berwick, Columijia (Jo., Pa, January 2, 1819; the latter in Upper Augusta township (near Sunbury), Northumberland CJo., Pa., and removed to this county in 1867, locating at Terrytown, on the Suscpichanna i"iver, on a portion of the Dod^e pi'opei'ty. Anch'ew Jacks(jn resided on this place until he died, November 22, 1885, at the age of sixty six years. He was a good citizen and a worthy resident of the town; his chil- dren nund)er seven, two by first nuiri-iage, who are l)oth living, and five by second marriage, three of whom grew to maliii'ity, and ar(^ now living. The subject of these lines was reared and educated in Terry township, having come with his father when very young, and always HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 919 confined liiniself to farming, at which he is an a(lo))t. At the age of twenty-four, March 25, 1SS6, he married, at West Terr}^, ]\[iss Agnes I., daughter of Peter and Margaret Layman, and there was born to them one child, Edith L., now aged three years. Mr. Jackson is a prosperous, industrious general farmer ; some of his stock are regis- tered, and very line; he is a member in good standing of the Presb}^- terian Ch'.'.rch, also of the P. of I.; politically he is an Independent. E. II. JiVCOBY was born May 12, 1834, at Mehoopany, Wyoming Co.. Pa., and is the third in the family of seven children of Leonard and Judith (Williams) Jacoby, natives of this State, of German and Welsh extraction. He was orphaned at the age of eighteen, and, being thus thrown early upon his own resources, he commenced business at the mason trade, having received instructions from his father. At about the age of twenty he had several severe attacks of hemorrhage of the lungs, and for more than a year fears were entertained that he would be a victim to consumption, but he linally recovei'ed, and resumed busi- ness, doing a great deal of mason work by contract, and employing a number of men. On May 17, 1860, he was married to Julietta Aumick, of Eatontown, Wyoming Co., Pa. In 1861, he moved to Auburn township, Susquehanna Co., and was there tli'afted, in November, 1863, and reported at Scranton, January 14, 1864, but was exempted by paying $300. On P^ebruarv 6, 1865, his wife died, leaving one child. Mr. Jacoby dealt speculatively in tobacco and other commodities; also in real estate to some extent. In 1866 he became a resident of Brad- ford county, and December 31, 1867, he married Mai-ia L., fourth daughter of Rev. D. Trumble, of Liberty Corners, and there have been born of this union, six children, as folloAvs: Carrie E., born Marcii 3, 1860; Alice C, born April 20, 1871; Arthur B., born October 16, 1875; Olin D., born December 2, 1880; Ralph B., born January 10, 1887; Stanley L., born September 16, 1889. In the spring of 1881 Mr. Jacob}^ purchased and moved on the farm where he now resides in Asylum township; in 1885 he erected a commodious farm house, a fine country residence. He is a jirominent and successful farmer, a mem- ber of the Masonic Fraternity and the Farmers' Alliance. Politically, he was a, Republican previous to 1872, since when he has voted with the Democratic party. He has never been an office-seeker, but has been sev- eral times elected to the offices of his town. S. ATWOOD JAKWAY, retired farmer, P. O. Windham Centre, was born in Washington county, N. Y., December 22, 1818, and is a son ')f Fredrick and Betsey At wood, also natives of New York. The father died in 1840, and the mother in 1861; thoy had six children, of whom Samuel A. was the tifth. The family were agriculturists, and our subject became a farmer, and prospered well, and when he retired from active labors he owned a fine farm of seventy acres. He came to Bradford county in 1861, and located in Windham township. He was married, in Saratoga county, N". Y., to Miss Delia, daughter of Thomas and Eliza Ellis, natives of Vermont, and to this marriage three children were born, as follows: Francis, Fredrick and Albert. The mother of these children died in 1850. Mr. Jakway married again, taking as his second wife Mrs. Eliza E. Spencer, daughter of William 020 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and Ann Gnmley, a family of Fnglish descent, and in their family of six childcen Eliza was the third. She grew to womanhood in Windham township, and first married Joseph G. Spencer, by whom she had one child, James A. Mr. Spencer died in 1864. Mr. and Mrs. Jakway have no children ; they are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, He served his country one year, and was in the Army Construction Corps. In political affairs he affiliates with the Kepublican party. F. H. JARVIS, pi'incipal of the Wyalusing schools, Wyalusing, was born in Orwell township, this county, December 22, 1862, and is the only child of John K. and Xancy Maria (xltwood) Jarvis, the former of whom, who was a teacher of instrumental and vocal music, died October 3, 1870. The ancestry of our subject, on his father's side, originally came from England and settled in Norwalk, Conn. Ilis grandparents removed from Xorwalk to Fairfax county. Conn., whence they came to Pennsylvania about 1848, settling in Bradford countv. He is a descendant of William Jarvis, who, in 1738, was one of the forty -tw^o signers from Norwalk of the "Ernest Memorial" addressed to the General Assembly for the propagation of the Gospel in foreign parts. The 600, all over sixteen, embraced the members of England, living in His Majesty's Colony of Connecticut." William was one of the three of the Jarvis line, Samuel Jarvis (father of the eminent and distinguished Bishop of Connecticut) and Samuel Jarvis, Jr., the others who broke away from the standing order and helped extend the church, finally giving the Bishop of Connecticut, the liev. Dr. Samuel Farmar Jarvis. The ancestry of F. II. Jarvis, on his mother's side, is as follows : He is grandson of Silas H. Atwood, he being son of E-euben Atwood, who was born in Ridgebury, Conn., and was the tenth of the thii-teen issues of Mary (daughter of Dr. Henry Skelton) and Elisha Atwood, the latter born April 27. 1745, and died May 24, 1825. He was also the third son of Oliver and Louis (Wheeler) Atwood, their marriage taking place November 12, 1740. Oliver born March 11, 1717, died January 30, 1810, was the last child of Dr. Jonathan, who emigrated from England to Nortiibury, and was among the early settlers. His father, Capt. Thomas Atwood, was, tradition says, for a time captain of a company under Oliver Cromwell. He Avas a physician of much note, and died 1628. The name of Atwood has been one of some consequence on both sides of the Atlantic, sixteen different families iiave entered their coats of arms in the Herald office, and ten of the same had graduated at differ- ent colleges prior to 1853. F. H. Jarvis received his early education in the common schools of Orwell township, and at HeRaysville Academ3^ He entered the Col- legiate Institute at Towan(hi in the fall of 1882, and was graduated therefrom June; 10, 1886. He taugiit his lii'st term in 1882-83, and was attending school then until after his gi-aduation. In the fall of 18S6 he came to Wyalusing and took chai'^e of the schools in that place, being at the head of the profcission in this part of the county. On July 19, 1888, Mr. Jarvis received a life certificate from the Department of Public Instruction of Pennsylvania. In the oratorial contest of his class he received favorable mention. lie is a member HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNT V. 921 of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Wyalusing, in wliicii he fills the office of steward, and is assistant superintendent of the Sabbath- school; is also chorister of the church. He has excellent musical talent, and has taug-ht vocal music successfully. He is secretary of the Bradford County Mutual Musical Alliance, and was an officer of the committee on permanent certificates, elected by the teachers of Bradford county. In politics he is a Republican, and was census enumerator for Pike townsliip in 1890. MOSES JEFFEKS, JR., proprietor of the " Ulster House," Ulster, was born November 2, 1834, at Albany, N. Y., a son of Moses and Mary (Davis) Jeflfers, natives of New York. II is father was of Irish and his mother of Dutch extraction; in their family were seven children, four of whom are living. The family migrated to this State in 1859, locating in Susquehanna count}^ afterward in Carlisle, where the father died at the ripe age of four score and four. The son attended the com- mon schools of Ulster county, N. Y., receiving an average education; on leaving school he was apprenticed to learn the trade of carriage- making, serving three years. He enlisted in Company A, One Hun- dred and Forty -first Regiment, P. V. I., August 7, 1862, and was discharged at Bailey's Cross Roads, Va., May 28, 1865, having served over three years, and partici])ated in twenty-six battles, the most important of which were Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Gettys- burg. The total loss of hearing in his left ear was caused during the service by the explosion of a shell, and exposure. He is a member of Jackson Post, No. 74, G. A. R., of Wyalusing. Mr. Jelfers was united in marriage with Sarah, daughter of John and Sallie (Whitney) Rosen- crans, and two children were born to them : John C. and Sallie, latter of whom died in infa,nc3". Mr. Jeffers, Jr., came to Ulster, November 26, 1886, and purchased the ''Ulster House," which he now controls. His health was sacrificed in the army, and he has been unable to work at his trade since; he is one of Bradford county's successful citizens, and, in politics, is a Republican. The family worship at the Presbyter- ian Church. CHARLES E. JENNINGS, dealer in groceries, provisions, etc., is a native of Herrick township, this county, born December 21, 1850, a son of Richard and Sally (Coe) Jennings, natives of New Jersey and New York, respectivel_y. They catne to this county when young, and were married here. Richard Jennings is a farmer, and resides in Standing Stone townsliip. The paternal grandfather, Ira Jennings, who was a native of New Jersey, resided in this county twenty-five or thirty years, and died in Michigan. Charles E. Jennings is the fifth in order of birth in a famil}^ of twelve children, of whom ten are now living. He was reared in Herrick township, and received an academic education at Camptown; taught district scliool seven terms, and farmed in Standing Stone township until the spring of 1889, when he removed to Canton, and engaged in his present business. He was married in Canton, in 1881, to Isadore, daughter of Gilbert and Ada- line (Cronk) Lathrop. natives of Wyalusing township. Gilbert Lathrop is a farmer, and resides in Armenia township. Mrs. Lathroj) died in 1888, in her sixty-second year. Mrs. Jenning's grandfather, Lawrence, 922 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. was a soldier in the War of 1812. She is the eldest in order of birth in a famil}' of six children, and was born in Herrick township, in Jan- uary, 1857. To them have been born three cliildren : Daisy, Franklin and Laura. Mrs. Jennings is a member of the Methodist P]piscopal Cliui'cli. PoHtically he is a Republican. Our subject's brother, George, was in the War of the liebellion, and was shot tiirough ri^'ht lung m the second day's light, battle of the Wilderness ; lay on battle-held nine da\"s, at expiration of which time he was carried twelve miles in an ambulance wagon, a portion of the road being corduroy ; but he sur- vived all this, and is living at the present day, but has been in very poor health ever since. Mrs. Jennings' grandfather, Lathrop, was a min- ister of the Gospel for over forty years ; had three sons in the Civil War, all of whom lost their lives there. Grandfather Cronk enlisted in the Civil War, also five sons, all of whom returned. HENRY W. JENNINGS, farmer, of Granville township, P. O. Windfall, was born in Troy township, this county, January 17, 1829, and is a son of Ebenezer and Hester (Miller) Jennings, natives of Ver- mont and New York, respectively, who settled in Troy townshi[) in 1825, and cleared and improved a farm on which they lived and died . their children were eight in number: Rachel (Mrs. Al[)honzo i\[ott)' Mary (second wife of Alphonzo Mott), Laui'a (Mrs. Volney B. Taylor)' Sarah (Mrs. Morgan P)ro\vn), Armelia (Mrs. Valentine Saxton), Emm ' (Mrs. Seeley Lasher), Heniy W. and Edwin. Henry W., the subjec*^ of this sketch, was reared in Troy township, and lived on the hornet stead of his father until 1860, when he removed to Granville town ship, where he has since resided. In September, 1854, he married Terressa, daughter of Thomas and Isai)el (Wilson) Case, of Canton township, and has two sons: Frank ajul Fred. Mr. Jennings is apo])- ular citizen and enterprising farmer; he is a member of the Free-Will Baptist Church, and in politics is a Republican. S. II. JEWELL, of the firm of Ingham & Jewell, dealers in clothing, gents' furnishings, boots and shoes. Canton, is a native of Tro\', where he was boi-n October 28, 1803; his ]iarents are E. S. and Armitta J\L (Davidson) Jewell, natives of Vermont and Ithaca, N. Y., respectively. E. S. Jewell is a retired merchant of Troy, for a number of years a member of the firm of Jewell & Pomeroy. Our subject, who is the younger of two children, received his early education in the borough schools of Troy, and entered the Pennsylvania Military Academy of Chester, in the fall of 1879, graduating from there in the spring of 1883. On A])ril 1, 1884, he returned home, and engaged in his present business in Canton. He was married in (.'anton, in March, 1889, to Anna B., daughter of James and Charlotte (Lindley) Ingham, natives of this county; she is the younger of two living children, and is a member of the Presbyterian Church ; politically Mr. Jewell is a Jiepublican. AMOS JILLSON, retired carriage-maker, Warren, was born there September 14, 1832, a son of Richard and Lydia P. (liobinson) Jillson, natives of Connecticut and of English descent. Richard Jillson followed the sea for many years of his life, prior to the War of 1812, wJien he enlisted as a volunteer, and served the three years of that war. In HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 923 1825, in Norwich, Conn., he married Lydia P., a dau<;hter of Patrick Ilobinson, and the young husl)and and wife came to Bradford county, where he resided until liis death, in July, 1874 ; his widow died January 3, 1888. They reared nine children, of whom Amos, who was the fourth, spent his young days on his father's farm in this township. In September, 18(54, he enlisted in Company I, Forty-fiftli P. Y. I., and went directly to the front with the ^^inth Corps of the Army of the Potomac, of which his command was a picket regiment, and under fire daily, and exposed to the constant hazards of war. At a place called " Fort Hell" he was detailed to level the terraces between the picket-line and the fort, preparatory to a charge on the enemy, and while thus employed was under severe fire all the time, and at Fort Rice was with the alarm guard, and exposed to heavy firing of shot and shell, continu- ously. These are but samples of the service he was in, and some of his severe exposures. He was stricken with sickness in front of Petersburg, the effects of a severe cold, and was sent to the Ninth Corps Hospital, at City Point, where he was confined six weeks, and his slow recovery showed that his constitution was shatterd, and every indication was that he would nev^er wholly recover; but he joined his regiment, returned to Washington, was in the grand review, ami was discharged at Harris- burg, in June, 1865, when the long and cruel \var was over. He returned home, and, as soon as physically able, engaged in his trade of carpentering, but was not strong enough for heavy work, so changed to mtiking carriages, and purchased a factory and operated it with entire success. He was married in Orwell to Helen M., daughter of Burton and Sally (Elsworth) Russell, natives of Connecticut, and of English and Scotch descent. Mr. Jillson is a Freemason, and has passed all the degrees of the Blue Lodge. While he is prematurely old, from much exposure in the cause of his country, he is at peace with all mankind, and grateful to the country for which he fought and suffered. He draws a pension of $17.00 per month. ALFRED JOHNSON, drayman, Troy, was born in Columbia town- ship. this county, February 1, 1858, a son of Simon and Eliza (Bab- cock) Johnson."^ His father was a native of Vermont, and in early manhood settled in Troy borough, where he worked at his trade of carpentering. He was a member of the Baptist Church, and died in 1858; his wife was a daughter of Vincent Babcock, a pioneer of Brad- ford count v; by her he had the following children: Betsev, Martha (Mrs. Charles Howland), Lucy (Mrs. N. J. Stewart), Reuben, Willard and Alfred, the subject of this sketch, who was reared in Troy town- ship, educated in common schools, and, after attaining his majority, worked as a farm hand until 1879, when he embarked in the dray business in Troy, in which he has since successfully continued. He was married, September 27, 1877, to Amy, daughter of Fred and Malvina (Berry) Kerrick, of Grover, Pa., and by her he has t\yo children: Bessie and Harry. Mr. Johnson is a member of the Baptist Church, served as constable of Troy one year, and in politics he is a Republican. FRANK E. JOHNSON, farmer and stock-grower, P. O. Potter- ville, was born March 7, 1841, in the house he now occupies, a son of 924 HISTORl OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Joel and Sophronia (I>enham) Johnson, tlie former of whom, a son of Asahel and Beuhx (Hitchcock) Johnson, natives of Connecticut, was born May 18, 1799, and was the first white male child born in Orwell township; his wife was born in Connecticut, and is now in her eighty- seventh year. Asahel Johnson was married March 3, 1788, and had the following named children: Lydia, born September 11, 1788, died February 19, 1802; Artemus, born June 2-1, 1790 (was twice married and had two families of children ; lived many years in Orwell, but removed to Clearfield count}'. Pa., where he died, April 21, 1857); Simeon, born February 27, 1792 (married Lydia Benhara, and removed to Illinois, where he died December 15, 1878); Amanda, born May 24, 1794 (married Amisa Bowen and removed to Illinois, where she died Se])tember 15, 18(35); Charlotte, born June 27, 3 796 (married Chaunc}^ son of Ca})t. Josiah Grant, removed to Illinois and died May 2, 1840); Joel, born May 18, 1799, died November 6, 1880 ; AVealthy, born Janu- ary 15, 1801 (married Lorin Brown, and removed to Canada; she died September 15, 1825); Julia, born May 22, 1804 (married Henry John- son, and removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, died August 22, 1832); Clarissa, born May 30, 1806 (married Koswell Wilson, removed to Illinois and fi'om thereto Iowa, where she died in 1800); Lydia, born May 8, 1808 (married Harry Wilson, and died in South Warren); Nelson, born May 25, 1810 (married Olive Fletcher, and died in LeRaysville); Mary, born May 6, 1812, died in Clearfield county. Pa. Joel Johnson married June 1, 1820, and had the following named children: Asahel, born March 16, 1821 (was twice married, first to Ann Bowen, and then to Fannie Graham; he died October 23, 1862); Amanda, born November 13, 1822 (married William J>rowning); Jehial, boi-n October 5, 1825 (married Caroline Bosworth, and died April 7, 1863); George W., born Septembei-, 1827, died at the age of nine years ; Harriet, born Septem- ber 12, 1829; Emeline, born in October, 1832 (married John Ilussell); Avery, born August 7, 1834, died aged three years; George N., born September 14, 1838 (married Alice Chaffee, and resides in LeRaysville); Frank E ; Charlotte S., born November 20, 1843 (married Lycurgus L. Maynard, whom she survives). Joel Johnson, who was among the foremost of the pioneers of this section, was born in the wilderness, and from his infancy he was inured to toil and hardships. As soon as he was able to wield the ax, he comm 'need his conflict with the wilder- ness, and has cleared and cultivated many a broad acre. His father settled on 3,000 acres of land, and built his first cabin close to where theConklin homestead now stands. Joel took a portion of his father's land upon reaching his majorit^^ and. with the exception of a short time ])assed in the " Phalanx," at Leilaysville, spent his life on the farm now owned by his son, Frank E.; he was a man of sterling integ- rity, noted all over the new county for his hospitality. A large por- tion of his life was spent in lumbering, and he probably operated the first sawmill ever built in that section of the township; he was one of the earlv stage drivers on the route from Towanda to Montrose, and made the trip, a distance of forty miles, every day from 1847 to 1851. Frank E. Jcjlinson was born and reared on the old homestead, received a common-school education, and ujmn reaching his majority adopted HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 925 farminf^ as an occupation, which he has continued to follow. He owns 115 acres of the old hornesteail, having the same well improved, and under a high state cultivation, being also well stocked with cattle. sheep and horses. He was married, December 21, 1865, to Julia Hutch- inson, and had the following named children : Avery, born October 7, lSr>0 (married Marv Barton; he is a farmer of Susquehanna countv. Pa.); Alice J., born February 11, 1869 (married C. L. Wilmot). Tin? mother of these children dying JSTovember 7, 1871, Mr. Johnson mar- ried February 6, 1872, Bertha, daughter of Albert and Julia (Ward) Chaffee, of Potterville, this county, who had a family of ten children, of whom Mrs. Johnson is the sixth. By this union there is one child, Louie M.,born March 20,1874. She*^ was educated in the common schools, and at Rome Academy, and is a teacher by {profession, having taught two terms in this county. Mr. Johnson is a Republican in pol- itics, and has held several offices in Orwell townshijx He has upheld the name of the family for hospitality and interest in public improve- ment, and ranks among the prominent farmers of the county. GEORGE N. JOHNSON, furniture manufacturer, LeRaysville, was born in Orwell township, this county, September 11, 1838, a son of Joel Johnson, who was the first male white child born in Orwell town- ship, in May, 1799 ; he was a son of Asahel Johnson, a native of Con- necticut, and was the first settler in Orwell township ; he took up and cleared a claim, and followed farming the balance of his life. Joel Johnson attended school until his nineteenth year, then engaged in farming and manufacturing furniture, principally bedsteads, which were in great demand at that. time, many of which are still in use. He discontinued that business in 181:6, gave all his time to farming, and has held the various town offices; was a New Churchman. He mar- ried Sophronia Benham, and had ten children, viz.: Asahel, deceased ; Amanda, wife of William Brow^ning ; Avery, deceased ; Wellington, deceased ; Jehiel ; Harriet, deceased ; Emaline, wife of John Russell ; George N.; Frank, and Lottie, wife of L. Maynard. George N., the subject of this sketch, attended the district school until his seventeenth year, and high school two winters, then learned the furniture trade. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company D, One Hundred and Forty- first P. V. L, and mustered out January"^ 28, 1863; then purchased the old shop in which he learned his trade, and started in business SI, 500 in debt. In 1870 he moved to LeRaysville, and erected a building, the tow^er part of which he has since used in conjunction with his fur- niture business ; in 1887 he moved his old building to where it now stands, put on an addition, and has since used the whole as a finishing department, and has followed undertaking. He has been generally successful. Mr. Johnson is Republican, and has been borough coun- cilman twelve years, and school director six years ; he is a member of LeRaysville Lodge, No. 471, F. & A. M., and of G. A. R. Post, No. 33. He was married in December, 1861, to Alice, the second of three children of Luther and Julia (Waterman) Chaffee, and they have had eight children, viz.: Scott W., born in Orwell township, November 15, 1862 ; Annie, born in 1864, married to J. B. Keeler ; Cora, born in 1866, married to F. H. Pierce; Willie, born 1868, died in infancy; Nellie, 920 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. born in 1872 ; Juli;i, born in 1870 ; Arthur, born in 1878 ; Mattie, born in 1881. Of these, Scott W. attendeil district school until his eighteenth year, then went to work in his father's furniture factory. In his twenty- first year he was taken into partnership under the firm name of Johnson tfe Son, and has continued since; he is W. M.of LeKay Lotlge, No. 771, F. cV: A. M.; is member of Tost, No. 232, Sons of Veterans, and of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; politicalh" he is a Re})ublican. He married, in 1885, Sadie Averill, and they have had one child, Day, born July 1, 1887. H. F." JOHNSON, attorney, Athens, was born in Greene township, Chenango Co., N. Y., January 19, 1837, a son of II. F. and Esther A. (Frisbie) Johnson, natives of Connecticut, the latter of Litchfield county. The father was a farmer, born in Februar}', 1795, and died in INLaine, Broome Co., N. Y., in 1871 ; the mother was born in August, 1800, and died in 1866. Grandfathers Johnson and Frisbie served in the ilevolutionary War, one as captain, and the other as a non-commis- sioned officer; the ancestors on both sides of the house came across in the "May Flower." The subject of these lines is a distant relative of Col. Dick Johnson, who killed Tecumseh. He is the fourth in a family of five children, and was reared on a farm, completing his education in Athens Academy, attending about six terms. He removed to this county in February, 1849. He bought a farm in Litchfield township, but had to quit farming on account of his health. He began reading law in November, 1879, under Evans & Maynard, was admitted to the bar in December, 1881, and began the practice of his ])rofession in January, 1882. He .enlisted in August, 1864, in Company H, Fifteenth New York Engineers, was in charge of the pontoon train, and served in the infantry; was mustered out July 1, 1865. He was married in Owego, N. Y., March 11, 1860, to Miss Euphemia D., daughter of Samuel P. and Lydia (Bidlack) Wolcott, natives of this county. Her grandmother was Col. John Franklin's last wife. Samuel P. Wolcott died in Litchfield townsiiip in January, 1882, in his seventieth year, and Mrs. Wolcott died in September, 1881, in her seventieth year. Euphemia D. Johnson is the second in a family of eiglit children, of whom six are livintr. and was born in Litch- iield township, this county, October 18, 1837. To Mr. and Mrs. John- son were l)orn two sons, as follows: Oscar, married to Ada Munn, daughter of Rowen Munn (Oscar is a store-keeper in Litchfield Centre); and Warren W., law partner with his father (he was atlmitted to the bar in 1889, at the age of twenty one, and subsequently married Miss Aaronette P. Spear, daughter of Henry F. Spear, who died in Guatemala, Central America). Mr. II. F. Johnson is a member of the G. A. K., Perkins Post. No. 202 ; is a Democrat, and was nominated by his party as their candidate for the Legislature in 1878, and although the county had at that time a regular Republican majority of about four thousand, he was defeated by less than one thousand votes. T. P. JOHNSON, M. D., Towanda, a prominent member of the medical fraternity of the place, is a son of Alexander T. and Jane (Cu. Our subject's boyhood Avas passed in Tunkhannock, Centre More- land and Dallas, Pa., attending public school at these places and at Wilkes-Barre. In 1859 he became clerk in the recorder's office at Wilkes-Barre, and remained there until October, 1862, when he enlisted in Company G, One Hundred and Seventy-seven P. V. I., and served with honor until August, 1863, expiration of term. During service ho spent most of his time at Deep Creek, Va., building a fort and sup- porting a battery, after his return he was in the recorder's office a short time; then about three years was engaged as book-keeper for a lumber company of Wilkes-Barre. Mr. Jones traveled through the A^estern States for five years, and upon his return served about eighteen months in an insurance office, and afterward served as assistant city clerk and as tlie city clerk of Wilkes-Barre, for a period of twelve years. In the spring of 1S86 he came to Wyalusing and purchased a farm on J.ime Hill, and now resides on Vaughn Hill; he has 170 acres of well- improved farm land, and has his farm well stocked with horses and cattle. He was united in marriage, September 13, 1875, with Florence E. Barnes, (laughter of Albert Barnes, of Wilkes-Barre, and this union has been blessed Avith the following children: Carrie E., Grace M., Benson S. Olin A., Robert S. and Agnes V. Mr. Jones is identified witl; the Democratic party; he has made his own way in life, and has always been successful, WILLIAM H. JONES, foreman of the Franklin Blue Stone Quarry, Sheshequin township, P. O. Quarry Glen, was born in Ulster county, N. Y., May 19, 1842, and is a son of Ezekiel D. and Rachel (Place) Jones, natives of Ulster county. His parents had seven children: the father now resides in Sheshequin township, in the eni])lov of the Franklin Plue Stone Company; the mother is dead. AVilliam s])ent his boyhood in his naiive place, and received his education, and b(>gan life as a teamster; then went to work in the quarries, and learned the stone-cutter's trade, and worked there until he enlisted in the army, September 15, 1863, in Company G, One Hundred and Seventy-sixth N. Y. v., and served until May 26, 1866. He participated in the battles of Wincliester, Cedar Creek, and numerous minor engagements, and was wounded in the battle of Cedar Creek, in the right shoulder, by a musket ball, which sti'uck him on the side, close to the shoulder blade, and ranged backward and lodged under the shoulder blade; he still carries the ball in his body. He was sent to Chestnut II di Hospital. Philadelphia, and was there four months; after leaving the hospital he returned to his regiment. On leaving the army, he returned t<; his fornu'r place, and \v(?nt with .1. D. Morris, where he is at present. He was married, July 2, 1867, to Ellen, daughter of Jacob HISTORY OF I5RADF0RD COUNTY. 931 H. and Sarah (Sheltus) Moore, natives of Ulster county, N. Y., and to them were born three children: Carrie, Walter Tv. and Ira. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Horn brook. Mr. Jones is also a member of G. A. R., Watkins Post, No. 68, Towanda, and is officer of the guard ; is a member of the I. O. O. F,, Yallev Lodge, No. 446, and is a Kepublican. WILLIAM HENRY JONES, miller, Pike township, P. O. Stovens- ville, was born in Middletown, Susquehanna Co., Pa., a son of William E. and Betsey (Pierce) Jones, natives of Pennsylvania, early settlers in this county. In their family there were nine children, of whom our subject is the fourth. He spent his boyhood attending the district school, and assisting his father in his mill, in this way learning the miller's trade. In 1883 he located in his present ]ilace of business, wdiere he does a large milling trade; also ships and imports grain and flour. He was married, January 23, 1884, to Ida E., daugliter of Shuble W. and Sallie D. (Farr) Garey, and they have one child, Theo, W., born September 23, 1887. Mr. Jones is in sympathy with the Republican partv. CHARLES W. JORALEMON, farmer, P. O. Columbia Cross Roads, was bor-n in Sparta, Sussex Co., N. J., April 12, 1828, and is a son of John and Zuba (DeWitt) Joralemon, who settled in Columbia township, in 1843, locating on the farm now owned and occupied by our subject, and a part of which they cleared and improved, and died there. Their children were seven, as follows: Margaret (Mrs. Joseph YanKirk), John H., James L., Abram, Charles W., Edward and Joseph. Charles AV. was reared in New Jersey, until fifteen years of age, when he removed with his parents to Columbia township, in 1843 ; has always lived on the old homestead since, to which he succeeded upon the death of his father, and which he partially cleared and improved. May 4. 1851, he married Lydia, daughter of George and Leefe (Ken- nedy) Wolfe, and granddaughter of Michael and Elizabeth (Furman) Wolfe, who settled in CJolumbia township. This union has been blessed with three children : Edward, Hosea, and Leitha (Mrs. Stephen Budd). Mr. Joralemon is one of the prominent farmers and citizens of Columbia township; in politics he is a Democrat. JOSEPH JORALEMON, Troy, was born in Sparta, Sussex Co., N. J., in the year 1834, and is a son of John and Zuba (DeWitt) JoraL emon. In 1843 he moved with his parents to Columbia township, this county. In 1850 he married Melissa Hall, and settled in Troy, where he kept a meat-market for a number of years, and during the war was pro])rietor of the "Bradford House," and at the same time had a contract with the Government to feed the invalid corps and drafted men. In 1864 he kept a clothing store at Troy, and from 1865 until 18T1 was extensively engaged in lumbering in Orange county, N. Y., but at the latter date he returned to Troy with his family, which con- sisted of a wife and three children, nameh': Mertin E., Lillian (Mrs. Dr. P. N. Barker) and Etlie. Since I87l1ie has been in the meat and oyster business in Troy, with the exce))tion of 1876. when he kept a boarding- house in Philadelphia. 932 HISTORY OF BRADFOKl) COUNTY. II. D. JUMP, druggist. Sayre. is a native of Franklin, N. Y., and is a son of Willard and Mary (Howe) Jump, natives of New York, the former of whom, a farmer, died in Jefferson, Schoharie Co., N. Y., in 1865, in his thirty -second year. The mother survives, and resides in Sayre. The subject of this biographical memoir completed his educa- tion in the Delaware Literary Institute; then served an apprenticeship at the drug trade, in Franklin, N. Y., where he clerked six years. In the spring of 1886, he came to Sayre, and engaged in the drug business in the Wilber House block, where he carries a large and fancy stock of drugs, school-books, and stationery. He is a member of the Iron Hall, Sexennial League, and Fraternal Guardian, and is a Heimblican in his political preferments. PATRICK KANE, farmer, Standing Stone township, P. O. Rum- merfiekl, was born in Londonderry, Ireland, November 16, 1827. His fatlier, Hugh Kane, was born in the same place, a son of Owen Kane. Hugh Kane married Margaret McCloskey, and had six children, all of whom came to this country: John; Annie, wife of Augustus Con- nelly; Patrick; Katie, wife of Frederick Mall; Michael, Henry, and J\[ary, wife of Patrick Hart. Hugh Kane died in 1858, and his wife in 1ST3. Patrick, tiie subject of tliis sketch, first stopped at Pliihidel- ])iiia, and went from there to Schuylkill county, where he remained until 1857, and then to Luzerne county, where he remained until 1867, during which time he was coal mining. He then came to Standing- Stone, and began farmin":, and has followed it successfully ever since. In 1869 he |)urchased, from Henry Noble, 116 acres, and now has over 300 acres, all linely improved. He married, December 25, 18 — , Bridget, daughter of James and Ella (McLougldin) Kane, and had nine chil- dren, as follows: Unity M., born September 27, 1856 ; Maggie A., born April 6, 1858, married to James Moan ; Ella, born August 13, 1861, wife of John Myers; Bridget, born in February, 1864, died in 1867; Agnes, born in August, 1866, died in 1867 ; Patrick J., born April 30, 1866; Michael Llenry, born June 4, 1868; James Christopher, born December 14, 1870, and Charles Francis, born March 20, 1874, and died August 24, 1886. Mr. and Mrs. Kane and family attend the Catholic Church; Mr. Kane and his brother Micliael served thirty davs in Com))anv D, Eijjfhth Rouiment Pennsvlvania Militia. ALANSON LAFAYETTE KEELEB, telegrapher. Standing Stone, was born in Wyalusing townshij), August 11, 1860. His father, Edwin Keeler, was a native of Connecticut, boi'u November 5, 1824; he came to this State in his sixth year, with his mother and two eldei- brothers, Lafayette and William ; he attended the district sciiool, and learned cabinet-tiuiking, and followed this until his death, which occurred December 5, 1888. He married Ella Sill, a daugiiter of William and Mary (Butler) Keeler, natives of Connecticut, and they had six chil- dren : Amelia, wife of William Brown; Lydia; Helen, wife of John McDonald; George William; Louisa and Alanson Lafayette; the mother died in 1862, and grandmother Kcehjr in 1867. Alanson Lafayette Keeler attended the; i)u!jlic school until his twentieth y(!ar, and in his twenty-second year- began an appi'enticeship to his present business, and became thoroughly pi'olicient therein; he then was HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 933 employed by the Lehi<>h Valley Railroad as night telegi'a})li operator, which position he iield until March 1, 1890, when he was transferred to his present position, as day operator. lie was assistant postmaster at Standing Stone four years : is a member of the Patriotic Order Sons of America; his politics are Democratic. Remarried, February 27, 1887. Mrs. Libbie Ilolman, widow of O. P. llolman, and daughter of J. J. and Lodema (Birdsall) Slyder. She died July 9, 1889, leaving one child, Cora Holman, who was born April 28, 1876. EZRA P. KEELER, farmer. Pike township, P. O. Le Raysville, was born in Brookfield, Conn., April 5, 1838, and is the fourth child of Barrett B, and Cynthia (Whitlock) Keeler, who came to Bradford county in 1845, and located on a farm in Litchfield township. Ezra assisted his father in clearing up a farm of 100 acres, and attended the district school until his fifteenth year. At the age of eighteen he began life for himself, working on a farm in Pike townsliip; from 1859 to 1864 he worked at the harness-maker's trade with G. N". DeWolf, at Brushville. On September 19, 1864, he enlisted, at Owego, N. Y., in the Fiftieth New York Engineers, and went to City Point, where he was transferred to Company M, Fifteenth New York Engineers ; he w^as discharged ai Fort Berry, Va., June 13, 1865, and mustered out at Elmira, N. Y. He then returned to Brushville, where he lived three years, and during the next four years he resided on a farm in Orwell townsliip; then purchased his present home. Besides attending to his farm Mr, Keeler has worked at his trade of harness- making. He was married, March 25, 1856, to Martha I., daughter of Piatt and Lydia (Chapel) Wood, and they have had three children, of whom Newell C, the only survivor, is a farmer near Bingliamton, N. Y. Mr. and Mrs. Keeler are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at LeRaysville; he is a charter member of Spalding Post, No. 33, G. A. R.. and in politics he is a Republican. JOHN G. KEELER, mechanic, was born in Wyalusing, April 12, 1834, and is a son of John and Elizabeth (^Gregory) Keeler, of Litchfield county. Conn. His father was a mechanic, and came to this county in 1812, and manufactured the first sash and doors in this part of the count}^ He built a second factory at Keelerville, in 1836, where he remained until his death in 1876. Of their famil}^ of eight children six reached maturity: Henry, a lieutenant in Company B, One Hun- dred and Forty-First Regiment, P. V. I. (is now an attorney at Topeka, Kans.); Charles, a sergeant in Company K, P'iftieth Regiment, P. V. I., served nearly two years, and died one year after his discharge of injuries received while in service; Elisha S., served nearly two years at the close of the war, having enlisted at the age of sixteen in Com- pany A, One Hundred and Forty-First Regiment, P. Y. I, now living in Topeka, Kans., a manufacturer of farming tools; Eliza, married to L. B, Silvara, farmer, of Tuscarora, Va.; Adelia, married to C, B, Hollen- back, and now resides in Wyalusing borough, and John G,, the eldest of the family, who passed his boyhood in this township, and received his education in the common schools and Wyoming Seminary. After completing his education he adopted his father's business and followed it several years; then came to the village of Wyalusing and engaged 54 <)31 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. in the drug business, which he sold to I. M. Allis in 1872, and in 1878 opened a Yankee notion store, which he continued until the spring of 1885. when he was appointed postmaster, and served four years. In 1856, he married Mary S., a daughter of Elias Yaughan, Sr., of Wya- iusing township, and "'has a family of three children: John V., the eldest, graduated from Lafayette "College in the class of 1884, taking the degrees of A. M. and A.'B., and is now principal of the LeRays- ville Academy, w hich position he has filled for the past live years ; S. Elizabeth (deceased ), married to C. P.Wagner, of Wysox, Pa., and left one daughter, lona, who now lives with her grandparents; and John G., who enlisted twice in the State militia, during the war, when the State was invaded by the Confederates. He is a prominent Fi-ee- mason and a Sir Knight. In his political views he is a Democrat, and has held the various township and borough offices: is now a member of the borough council. JOHN A. KEEN", farmer, P. O. Rummerfield Creek, is one of the leading and influential citizens of Bradford county, and in his social and home life is regarded bv all as a most valuable citizen. By the congrega- tion of the Keen Sumniit Church he is regarded as the foster father of that organization, and its fine church building and present prosperous congregation, as is well indicated by the corporate name of the insti- tution, toward the building up of which he is the leading spirit. He Avas born in Sussex countv, N. J., January 30, 1820, and is a son of William Keen, a native of New Jersey, born in 1792, and a grandson of John Keen, of German descent, who had five children by his first wife : Peter, Abraham, George, Mary (wife of Richard StuU), and Lizzie (wife of George Emory); by his second wife, Pose, he had four children : William, Isaac, Aaron and Nancy. William Keen came to this State in 1847, bringing with him his w^ife, nee Elizabeth Huff, daughter of Peter Huff ; they had a family of eight children : John A., Sarah Anne (wife of James Crawn), Josei)h, Aaron, Polly, Theoph- ilus, Peter, and Mary (wife of Sterling Dixon). William Keen died in September, 1880, and his wife in 1882. John A. Keen attended the district school until his twentieth year, then worked on a farm. Coming to this county, in 1847, on a prospecting trip, he found emplovment in a lumber camp two years. In the latter part of 1847 he purchased the settler's claim of E. R. Myer,and perfected the title by purchasing the land of Michael Meylert (a'bout 147 acres), and has add'ed to this more or less acres nearly every year since; has built his residence and farm buildings, and made all t»-eneral improvements, having now one of the best farms in the county. He is to-dav a fine sample of what an American boy, full of energy, honesty anil hope can do for himself in this favored land. He mar- ried, in 1851, Sarah, daughter of Theodore and Maria (Crawn) Daugh- ertv, natives of New Jersey. To John A. and Sarah Keen have been born fourteen children, of Vhom those now living are Aaron. Henii- etta, John, Ada, Edie, Julia, Ella and Emma a large family, but of that kind for which this world will alwavs have |)lenty of room. KOBERT KEEN, farmer, Towanda townshij), P. (>. Towaiida, was l)orn October 19, 1844, and is a son of Andrew and Mary (Auble) HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, 935 Keen, natives of New Jersey, whose ancestors were of German extrac- tion. Robert Keen is tlie fourth of a family of seven — one daugh'ter and six sons — all of whom, excepting the daughter, are living. Mr. Keen was united in matrimony, November 17,1866, to Abbie C, daughter of Henry and Laura L. (Overton) Donley, natives of this State; she was born March 25, 1846, the eighth in a family of ten children — six girls and four boys — and is a native of this county. There have been born to them four children, as follows: Ella, wife of Edward Barnes, son of William Barnes; Miles, Nora and Oakley. Mr. Keen has had his own way to make in the world, and by his persever- ance and industr}' is now the owner of a well-improved farm in North Towanda, where he resides, in a very picturesque locality. He is one of the leading farmers in the vicinity, having combined the raising of tobacco with general farming and stock-raising. He is an active member of the I. O. O. F., and has taken a great interest in the public schools, having served nine years as school director. He is a Demo- crat in politics, and a man of good moral princijmls and much respected by the community; he came from Sussex county, N. ,\., about thirty-three years ago, to Standing Stone, and soon after located where he now lives. Mrs. Keen is a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Towanda, and has taken an active interest in the Sunday-school. AUGUSTUS G. KELLEY, farmer, P. O. LeEoy, was born in Mid- dletown, Delaware Co., N. Y., a son of Edmund and Salina (Stephens) Kelley, the former born in Albanv county, N. Y., the latter in Dela- ware count}', N. Y. Edmund Kelley is the son of Edm.und Kelley who was born in Dutchess county, N. Y., and served in the Revolutionary War a term of three and one- half years; after his discharge from Washington's army he was in the War of 1812, when again, though advanced in 3'ears, the old soldier met the enemy of his country. Edmund Kelley, Jr., removed from Delaware county to LeRoy town- ship in 1847, and took up a tract of land of 300 acres; he is now living, at the age of eighty-eight, able to chop his own wood, and make his own garden ; his family consists of ten children, all of whom are now living. Augustus G. was reared and educated in Delaware county, N. Y., until his thirteenth year, when he removed with his fathei' to this county. At the age of twenty. May 21. 1854, he married Dillie, daughter of H. K. and Sallie Ilolcomb. of Lelioy. Mrs. Kelley is a grantldaughter of Alpheus Ilolcomb, one of the lirst settlers of LeRoy ttjwnshi)). To them were born two children : the elder, Eugene, was born in October, 18 — , married to Laura, daughter of Hoyt and Mary Ann Chaapel, and has two children; the younger, George, was born May 16, 18 — . Mr. Kelley is an enterprising farmer, having cleared and im])roved 200 aci'es of land ; he owns about four hundred acres in this county, and almost the same in Cameron county, Pa., all of which he accumulated by his own industry; he is also an extensive stock-raiser and speculator; is Independent in politics. CURTIS KELLEY, farmer, P. O. LeRoy, was born in LeRoy town ship, this county, August 4, 1849, a son of Edmund and Salina (Stephens) Kelley, the former a native of Albany county, N. Y., the latter of 93(5 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Delaware county, N. Y. The father is the son of Edmund Kelley, of Revohitionary fame, and who afterward fought in the AVar of 1812. Edmund Kelley, Jr., removed from Delaware county, N. Y., to LeRoy, settling on a tract of land of 300 acres, where he engaged in farming and lumbermg; he is now living, at the age of eighty -eight, and able to do liis own gardening; his family consists of ten children — eight sons and two chiughters — all of whom grew to maturity, and are now living, seven in this county. The subject of this memoir is the seventh in the family, and was reared and educatetl in the town of LeRoy, confining himself to farming and lumbering. At the age of twent\'-three he married Arsula, chiughter of Frederick and Lucy Smith, natives of this county ; Mr. Smith was a blacksmith, and died while in the army. To Mr. and Mrs. Kelley were born three daughters : Amy, born in July, 1874; Edith, born in November, 1876, and Matie, born in 1883. Mr. 'Kelley is an extensive farmer, confining his business to stock-raising and butter-making. Politicallv he is Democratic. C. A. KELLEY, farmer, P. O. LeRoy, was born in LeRoy, Septem- ber 24, 1841, a son of John and Abigail (Burroughs) Kelley, both of whom were born in the town of Roxburg, Delaware Co., N. Y., the former being a son of Edmund Kelley, a Revolutionary soldier. John Kelley removed to LeRoy about 1838, and engaged in farming: his familv consisted of six children — four sons and two daughters — all of whom grew to maturitv. The subject of this memoir, who is the sixth in the family, was reared in LeRo\', and educated at the common schools. He married Lydia S., daughter of J. G. and Salome Ham- mond, of LeRoy, and to them were born three children, as follows : Judson, born January 15,1871; Florence, born June 20, 1873;* and Fanny, born November 7, 1876, all of whom are living and unmarried at this date. In early life Mr. Kelley was somewhat engaged in lum- bering; also ke))t a store at LeRoy Corners. His farm consists of 250 acres of land, well adapted to general farming. He served his country by paying $700 for a substitute. He is a member of the Baptist Church ; in politics he is an Lidependent. CHARLES KELLOGG, mechanical engineer, Athens, is a native of Montgomery county, N. Y., born July 12, 1836, a son of William and A. i\r. (Lovell) Kellogg, the former a native of Connecticut, and the latter of Dutcliess county, N. Y. William Kellogg was a general meciianic and bridge builder, and for some years resided in Easton, Pa., where he died in his seventieth year in 1883; his wife, and mother of his children, had died in the same place six years previously, 1877, in her sixty -first year. The Kelloggs are of the good old Revolutionary stock. The paternal great grandfather of the gentleman whose name heads this article, was a soldier in tiie line under Washington. AVilliam Kellogg had a family of foui- children, ol whom Chailes is the third in the order of birth. The subject grew to manhood in hisfatlie)'\s home and learned the lesson of an honest mechanic's son at his father's trade, and gave the usual attendance upon the neighborhood schools in the vicinity; and l)y the time he had attained his majority he was a faii'ly skilled inechanic, millwright and bridge builder. His fatliei-'s family removed from Albanv to Easton in 1857. and in 1862 tlie voung man HISTORY OF BRA DE-OKI) COUNTY. 937 embarked in business for himself, contracting and bridge building, and was thus engaged in Easton until 186U, when he changed iiis i-esidence to Athens, his present home. Here he started, without capital, his little shop, in March, 1869, that is now the great and world-wide Union Bridge Company, but at first was known as the Athens Ih-idge Works. In 1884 he sold his interests here in the Bridge Works, and in 1889 organized the Elmira Bridge Company, and he is the present head of the concern, which employs in tiie shops over two hundred men. Charles Kellogg and Anna A. Pike were united in marriage, in 1867, in the borough of Athens; she is the daughter of John M. and M. S. (Lock wood) Pike, of the city of New York and Bradford county, respectively; there were three children in this family who grew to maturity, of whom she is the third, and was born in Ulster township, this county, in June, 1842. Of this union there are tAvo children: Clara A. and Charles F. Kellogg. This is one of the pleasant and prominent families in the social circles of Athens. Mr. Kellogg is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, Rural Amity Lodge, No. 70, also a member of the Amrican Society of Civil Engineers and the American Geographical Society. In political matters he affiliates with the Republican party, but is not a politician, rather giving his time and attention to his business, and tlie claims of his little family circle. MYRON KELLOGG, farmer, of Asylum township, P. O. Liberty Corners, was born in Monroe township, this county, March 19, 1825, and is a son of Moses and Mehetabel (Mason) Kellogg. The Kellogg family in America date back to three Scotch brothers, who removed to Massachusetts at a very early day. Amasa, a descendant of one of the brothers, and the grandfather of Myron, came to Monroe town- ship in 1813, to act as deputy for Abner C. Rockwell, then sheriff of the county ; he was in the War of 1812. In the family of Moses Kel- logg there were eleven children, eight yet living, of whom Myron is the eldest. Our subject u^as reared on the farm, educated in the common school, and began life for himself at twenty-one, lumbering and farm- ing on apart of the old homestead; he purchased his present home in 1864, where he has since given his undivided attention to the cultiva- tion of the soil. He was married, October 28, 1850, to Miss Lydia McMichen, of Towanda, by whom he had four children : Amanda E. (born November 10, 185 1, married to Ed w^ard Shepherd, of Terry town); John Myron (born October 21, 1860, a civil engineer of Baltimore, Md.), and two wdio died in infancy. Mrs. Ke.Hogg died June 5, 1863, and Mr. Kellogg w^as married, February 28, 1864, to Mrs. Charles Atnot, formerly Miss Rebecca M. VanGorder, daughter of T. M, and Julia A. (Overton) VanGorder, of Asylum. Mr. Kellogg was for- merly a Whig, and is now" a Republican ; has been road commissioner, school director and collector of taxes. EPIIRAIM B. KENDALL, farmer, Granville township, P. O. Lc- Roy, was born in Tompkms county, N. Y., December 13, 1844, a son of Sylvester and Emily (Gray) Kendall, wdio settled in Granville, in 1853, where the father purchased the farm now owned by Horace Welch, and lived there until 1868, when he removed to East Troy, this county, where he now resides; he had a family of five children : Ephraira B., 938 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Horatio, Joseph, Lawrence and Orange. The three eldest of these were soldiers in the Civil AVar, Horatio dying while in the service. Our subject enlisted, September 15, ISOi, in Company K, Second New York Cavalry, and was in the following battles : Cedar Run, Five Forks, and some minor engagements. After nine months' service he was honorably discharged, and since the war he has resided in Gran- ville township, and engaged in farming. In 1876, he married Sarah, daughter of Silas Mallory, of Chemung county, N. Y. Mr. Kendall is an enterprising citizen of Granville; in politics he is a Republican. J. W. KENDALL, dealer in musical' instruments, Athens, is a native of East Burlington, this county, and was born February 7, 1864, a son of Lawrence W. (a farmer) and Jane (Burns) Ken(hdl, iiatives of this county. He is the youngest in a family of five children, and was reared on a farm, receiving a common-school education. Lie served an apprenticeship of four years, at the cabinet-maker's trade, and came to Athens in September, 1888, commencing business where he is located at the present time. He was married in Rome, N. Y., October 20, 1885, to Miss Lizzie, daughter of George and Anna (Mar- tin) Neiss, natives of Germany (she is the ^-^oungest in a family of seven children, and was boi'n in Rome, Oneida Co., N. Y., Novend^er 28, 1864). They are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and Mr. Kendall is a member of the Iron Hall, Golden Cycle and I. O. O. F.; politicallv he is a Democrat. ROP.ERT C. KENDALL, Troy, was born in what is now North Towanda township, this county, December 12, 1836, and is a son of William T. and Sarah M. (Casli) Kendall. His father was a native of Norwich, England, a son of William Kendall, and in early manhood came to America and settled in Bradford county, Pa ; about 1833 he married a daughter of Isaac Cash, a pioneer of Sheshe(piin township, the issue of this union was four children: W. Cash, Robert C, Charles F. and George V.; for some years Mr. Kendall was associated with his brother John in the hotel business at Athens, this county; in 1848 he located in Troy, where he resided until his death in 1868; he was for a numl)er of years a justice of the peace of Troy, and held the office at the time of his death. Robert C. Kendall, the subject of this sketch, was reared in Troy from twelve years of age, received a com- mon-school education, studied dentistr}'^ with Dr. A. M. Dartt, of Troy, later with N. W. Kingsley, and at Auburn, N. Y., with George- W. Tripp ; he began the practice of his profession in Troy in 1859, where, with the exception of two years, he has been in active prac- tice since. In 1863 he married Sarah, daughter of Thomas and Polly (Wilbur) Baldwin, of Troy, and lias one daughter, Anna W. Mr. Kendall is a prominent member of tiie Masonic Fraternity; a charter memi)er of Troy Cha])ter, No. 261, and past master of Blue Lodge; in politics he is a Democrat. JAMES KERWIN, of the firm of Kerwin Brolhers, liverymen, Towanda, was born in Towanda in 1848, a son of John and Julia (lilake) Keruin, natives of County Tipjierary, Ireland, who came to America ai)(Hit 1847. The father has been engaged in farming many yeai's, and has resided continuously in Towanda since 1859 ; lie was twice married : HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, ^39 his first wife was Julia Blake, b}^ whom he had five chiklren, viz.: Ellen (Mrs. Charles lIuH'ner), James, William, Kate (Mrs. Simon Cullnan), and Marv (Mrs. John Cullnan); his second wife was Bridget Butler, by whom he had six children, viz.: John, Daniel, Joseph, Thomas, Bridget and Agatha. James Kerwin was reared in Towanchi, where he received a public-school education. For the past ten years he has been engaged in the livery business in Towanda, with his brother William, under the firm name of Kirwin Brothers. In 1874 he married Mar- garet, daughter of James and Lizzie (McGuone) Carron, of Seneca county, N. Y., and has eight children: John F., Lizzie M., Julia V., Annie, Mary M., James Edward, Genevieve and Bernard, Mr. Kerwin is a member of the Catholic Church, and in politics is a Democrat. "« C. F. KIERSTED, physician, Gillett, was born in Fallsburg, Sullivan Co., N. Y., September 23, 1844, a son of J. L. and Abigail (Kniffin) Kiersted, the former of whom was born in 1806, in Phila- delphia, of German descent, and was a pioneer of Sullivan county; the latter was born in New York. J. L. Kiersted was a mechanic as well as a farmer ; during the War of 1812 he used to go with his uncle, IL T. Kiersted (who adopted him and who was a general in the army of. that day) to see the soldiers drill. lie had a family of nine children, six of whom grew to maturity, and five are now living. Our subject, who is the fourth in the family, was reared, and educated at the com- mon school, in Sullivan county; he studied medicine under Dr. Allen, of Broome county, N. Y., and was graduated from the Geneva Medical College. He began his medical profession in South Creek (Gillett), this county, in 1872, and has built up a large practice by his superior skill, and attention to his business, and has thereby accumulated quite a large property for his age and years of practice. In October, 1874, he mar- ried S. Elizabeth, daughter of Martin M. and Clarissa W. Carr, of Wells township. The Doctor and his wife are very fond of fiowers and house plants, well understanding their wants, and have the largest oleander in the county, measuring ten feet in heighth and five feet in width of branches, stem two and one half in diameter. Dr. Kiersted is a member of the Golden Cycle and K. of IL; politically he is a Republican. CAPTAIJN^ GEORGE W. KILMER, farmer, P. O. Towanda, was born in the town of Asylum, this county, February 2, 1842, and is a son of Joshua and Margaret (Dings) Kilmer, natives of Schoharie county, N. Y., born of Dutch extraction, and who came to this county in 1840, locating in Asylum. Capt. Kilmer was reared on his father's farm, the one now owned by Joel Stevens, and educated in the schools of the town, and at the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda, He taught school a short time, and when nineteen years of age he enlisted in Company C, One Hundred and Forty-first P. V, I., went to the front, and was soon elected sergeant ; also, for distinguished brav- erv in many battles, he was commissioned first lieutenant, and soon thereafter was promoted to a captaincy, being the youngest officer in his regiment ; lie was wounded at the battle of Morris' Farm, in Vir- ginia, was taken prisoner and sent to Libby prison, but returned home at the close of the war. Capt. Kilmer was united in marriage, Octo- ber 11, 1865, with Helen A. Noble, who was born March 12, 1840, a 940 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. daughter of Levi and Diana (Clough) Noble, natives of Broome county, N. Y., and there have been born to them two children, as follows: J. Noble, born April 22. 1868, married to Tillie DeLong; and J. Marion, born March 18, 1880. Capt. Kilmer is a member of the G. A. R. Post, is president of the Farmers' Alliance Lodge, and in politics is a Republican. In 1875 he was elected count}^ commis- sioner, and has since been frequently honored with positions of public trust, havinof always proved an efficient and popular officer, one of pleasing and commanding address, and one of the county's most worthy citizens. The family are consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which Mr. Kihner has been a steward twenty -five years. He has a fine farm of nearly two hundred acres, higiily im- proved and successfallv operated. WILLIAM H. KING, farmer, Wysox township, l\ O. Wysox, was born in Orange county, N. Y,, December 27, 1836, a son of Gabriel and Sarah (Bull) King, natives of New York, the former of French and the latter of German and Irish descent. In his father's family there were nine children, of whom our subject is the eldest; he located on his present home in 1806, and has given his attention chiefly to farming. He married, December 5, 1860, Emma E., daugliter of Jackson and Elizabeth (Olendoofe) Poole, natives of New York, and of Holland and German lineage, respectively. They have liad five children born unto them, as follows: Elizabeth, born September 5, 1867, and died May 31, 1869; Edith A., born October 4, 1870, mar- ried to L. D. Green, farmer and carpenter, Wysox. and has one child, Carrie ()., born August 10, 1889; George H., born September 3, 1872, died February 15, 1874; Abel S., born May 28, 1875, and Robert L., born June 11, 1887. Mr. King is a stanch Democrat, and has iield the offices of school director, commissioner and assessor. L. S. KINGSBURY, farmer, Sheshequin, is the son of Col. Joseph Kingsbury, a surveyor, who was born in Enfield, Conn., in 1774, who came to this county when nineteen years old, his baggage in a hand- kerchief, and made his home with Gen. Simon Spalding, and surveyed and plotted nearly all the land of this and adjoining counties. Joseph Kingsbury married Miss Spalding, a daughter of Gen. Spalding, and died "January 22, 1849, leaving ten children — five boys and five ^irls — who grew to maturity, as follows: Polly, married to Allen Smith; Almira, married to Charles Com stock ; Byron, married to Wealthv Ann Gore; Burton, married to Rowena Scott; Eliza, married to Ira II. Stevens; Henry, married to Matilda Clisba ; Joseph, married to Matilda Mix; Marion^ married to George Sanderson; Helen, mar- ried to M. C. Mercur; and L. S. Kingbui-y. The first house built in the township was on the farm now owned by Mr. Kingsbury, a log house built by Gen. Spalding in 1783. on the banks of a little run a short dis- tance from the river. L. S. Kingsbury grew to manhood on his father's farm in Slieshetpiin, and attended S(;hool at theacad(;my of Athens and Towanda, gaining a good education. When seventeen years old he commenced life for himself, working his father's farm, and has con- trolled the homestead since. In 1866 he purchased a stable in Towanda, and was proprietor of that for nearly twenty years. In 1884 and 1885, HISTORY OF HUADFORD COUNTY. 941 he was at Athens engaged in training trotting horses foi' the track, and among others was W. M. Mallory, that sold for $10,500; he is the owner of G. D. S. that has a record of 2.29:^. Tlie old homestead contains 180 acres, one half of which is bottom land. Ife was married Februar}' 28, 1841-, to Sarah, daughter of William and Jennie Myers Osborn, natives of Orange county, N. Y. ; their family consisted of three daughters: Alice, married to O. D. Kinney, and died without issue; Gracie G., married to John Childs, also died childless; and Mvra, who is an Universahst minister of note of Morrisville, Vt. The family are Universalists. Mr, Kingsbury is a member of the I. O. O. F., Valley Lodge, No. Gli, and has passed all the chairs ; and in ])oHtics he is a Re])ubiican. J. C. KINGSLAND, blacksmith, Gillett, was born in Windham township, this county, July 1,1854. He was reared and educated in Windham and Sheshequin townships, and when nineteen j^ears old commenced to serve an apprenticeship of neai'ly three years to W. M, Segar, as blacksmith and horse-shoer, serving adilitional time in another sho]) where he completed the rudiments of his trade. He is the son of John and Elmira (Elsbree) Kingsland, former of whom is a native of New York City, a stone-cutter by trade, who removed to this count}' about the year 1840, the latter, a native of Windham, Bradford Co., Pa., a daughter of Joseph Elsbree, who came from the East in the earlv settlement of the county ; she was a near relative of William Mackey, of Ilevolutionary fame. To them were born three children, all of whom are living, prosperous and enterprising, our subject being the second in order of birth. J. C. Kingsland first opened a shop for himself in Fassett, near the State line, where he spent thirteen 3^ears of his best days, in building up a trade both extensive and lucrative. He is a practical horse-shoer, and has made the anatomy of that animal, especially the foot, a study; he can name all the parts in relation of the one to the other ; demonstrate the shoe as adn])ted to the various forms of particular hoofs, also the peculiar gait or habit of the horse while on the road, and the advantages of one kind of shoe over the other; he manufactures 213 different kinds of practical shoes, and treats to some extent the diseases of the foot ; he has samples of shoes showing the various kinds in use and their purpose, also dis- playing his great skill in their construction. Owing to failing health Mr. Kingsland contemplates converting his shop into a lecture room, and, as lecturer, his subject will be the horse — his habits, tempera- ment, how to handle, and especially how to properl}^ shoe him. Mr. Kingsland removed from Fassett to Gillett in 1886, where he had married, in 1877, Miss Mary E., daughter of John and Esther Darmstead, of Steuben county, N. Y. Six children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Kingsland, named as follows: George A., Lela (deceased), Clara, Roxanna, Edna and Helen." G. A. KINNEY, of the firm of Fitch & Kinney, dealers in hard- ware, Athens, is a native of Steuben county, N. Y., born March 23, 1843, a son of C. D. and Eliza (Northrup) Kinney, natives of New York. The father, who was a minister of the Christain Church, died in Lawrenceville, Tioga Co., Pa., in 1878 ; the mother died in Osceola, 942 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COL'NTY. Pa., in 1884. G. A. Kinney is the eldest in a family of three children. Upon completing- Jiis studies at the public schools, he attended the State Normal School at Mansfield, Pa., about one year ; then taught school three years, and clerked in a hardware store about one year; then embarked in the hardware business at Osceola, Pa., whence, after eighteen months, he removed to Covington, Pa., remaining there about two years, when he I'emoved to Athens, in the spring of 1870, and engaged in the hardware trade with Mr. Eitch. In connection with their extensive hai'dware establishment the firm have a tinning and plumb- ing department, and they also do a large business in steam and hot- air heaters, for public and private buildings. During his early life Mr. Kinney had to de))end on his own resources. He was married, in Athens, June 7, 1876, to Miss Laura, daughter of J. M. and Juliett (Camp) Elv, the former a native of Springiield, the latter of Owego, N. Y. She was the youngest in a family of five children that grew to maturity, born in New York City, in 1848, and died in Athens, in 1879 ; she was a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church. By this union was one son, Ely M. Mr. Kinney was married, the second time, September 24, 1885, to Miss Juliett Ely, a native of New York City, born in 1846. Mr. and Mrs. Kinney are members of the Presby- terian Church, in which he holds the office of deacon. He is a mem- ber of the F. & A. M., Rural Amity, Lodge, No. 70, also the Knights of Honor. He is a Republican, and served one term in the council; in 1888 he was elected burgess, and has been re-elected twice. JAMES KINNEY, wholesale liquor dealer, Towanda, was born in County Mayo, Ireland, June 29, 1848, and was reared in his native country until fifteen years of age, when he came to America (in 1863) and in 1865 settled in Barclay, this county, where he engaged in min- ing, which lie followed for tVenty-four years. In the spring of 1889 he settled in Towanda, where he has since been successfully engaged in the wholesale liquor trade. In 1865 Mr. Kinney married Margaret, daughter of John and Catherine (Haley) Fraine, of Mayo, Ireland. Mrs. Kinney died March 31, 1889, leaving seven children, viz.: Michael, Kate, John, Margaret. James, Thomas, and Mary A. ]\[r. Kinney is a member of the Catholic Church, and his loyalty to tlie Democratic party is unquestionable. JOHN D. KINNEY, merchant, Warren, was born in Warren town- ship, this^ count}^, September 20, 1840; a son of William and Harriet (Gray) Kinney. His father, a native of Massachusetts, was born in 1791 of Scotch-Irish extraction. Lie was twice mari-ied, the first time to Polly Severin, a native of Vermont; thev came to Pennsylvania in 1832, and settled in Warren township, this county ; she died in 1838 leavinf^ three children, viz.: John, who was killed by a falling tree, same year liis mother died; Williatn, who married Jane James, and died in 1870; Polly (Mrs. Albert Tyrell), who died in 1849. His second wife was Harriet Gray, to whom"^ he was married in 1839, and by her had two children : John D., who is the subject of this sketch, and Sarah (Mrs. Caleb Allew) who died in 1873. William Kinney, the father, who was a farmer and shoemaker, died in 1869, his widow surviving him. John D. Kinnev was reared an industrious and frugal farmer's HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 943 boy, having- had but moderate school advantaoes, and soon after his majority he engaged in merchandising, which lie has always followed successfully, and from the smallest beginnings now has an extensive and jH'ofitable establishment. He enjoys an extensive trade, and has a branch store at Birchardsville, and is pi'oprietor of an excellent farm of 300 acres, highly improved and thoroughly cultivated. He was married in Warren township, in 18G7, to Amy A., daughter of Orville and Amy A. (Lyon) Chaffee, natives of Rhode Island, of Eng- lish origin; her"^father was born in 1802, her mother in 1809, and they were married in 1828, and at once came to Warren township, this county; Mr. Chaffee died in 1887; his wife died in 1879; they had nine children of whom Mrs. Kinney is the eighth, and had lost two. Mr. and Mrs. John D. Kinney have had three children as follows: Viola, born November 27, 1870 ; Bradley R., born March 21, 1873, and Dudley D., born September 11, 1875. DR. HIRAM T. KINSMAN, physician, Smithfield township, P. O. East Smithfield, born in Chemung county, N. Y., April 6, 1841, is a son of George and Mary (Eaton) Kinsman, natives of Vermont. They came to this county in early life, and settled in the wilderness; then after several years moved to New York State, where our subject was born. His grandfather. Kinsman, was a Revolutionary soldier, all of whose sons were in the War of 1812. The Doctor was reared on the farm, educated in the schools of his native town, and was graduated, March 28, 1887, at the Bennett Medical College, Chicago. He first practiced at VanEttenville, N. Y., came to this county, in 1874, and commenced the practice of his profession in Athens township. He has been at East Smithfield eight years, where he has an extensive practice. Dr.. Kinsman is the youngest of a family of twelve children; one brother, Loomis, went through the Mexican War under Gen. Scott. Dr. Kinsman was married, September 18, 1883, to Sibyl N., daughter of Hiram and Mahale (Tompkins) Russell, natives of this county (she was born in Rome, February 24, 1854). They have one son, Charles M., born July 3, 1884. Mrs. Kinsman's father was a soldier in the Mexican War; was in the Civil War from August, 1861, until the close, and was in thirty-two hard-fought battles. Dr. and Mrs, Kinsman are members of the Disciple Church ; he is a Republi- can in ))olitics, and a member of the I. O. O. F. W. PI. KINTNER,agentfor the Lehigh Valley Railroad, Wyalusing, was born in Meshoppen, Wyoming Co., Pa., August 18, 1843, and is a son of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Winans) Kintner, also natives of Pennsylvania. The father was a farmer and spent the larger portion of his'^life in Mehoopany, where he died in February, 1890, in his sev- enty-eighth year; the mother died in 1859, aged forty-nine; they^ had seven children, viz.: M. S,, a merchant miller, of Mehoopany ; Col. J. C. Kintner, one of the best-known and most prominent of Mehoopany's business men (he enlisted August 30, 1861, in the Fifty-Second Regi- ment P. V. I ; was transferred to the Signal Corps in August, 1863, promoted to captain in June, 1864. and was discharged from the United States service, March 4, 1866, having risen from private to colonel ; returning home he embarked in mercantile pursuits, and 044 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. became an acknowledged leader in his political party; he was a member of Gov. lioyt's staff, and deputy revenue collector under E. IJ. Chase ; was a pi-ominent member of the I. (). O. F. and G. A. R.; he died March 26, 1886, leaving- a void which no other could fill); James M., who was a member of the One Hundred and Forty -Third P. V. I. (was promoted from private to captain ; he resides in Sanborn county, So. Dak., and has been twice elected to the office of recorder of deeds); W. H.: Mary Jane, married to Oliver Easton, a prominent farmer and ex-sheriff of Wyoming county; Sarah E., married to Frank Jennings, of Mehoopany, and E. D., a miller of Mehoopany. W. II. Kintner, the subject of this sketch, passed his boyhood in Mehoopany, and was educated in the schools of that place ; when twenty years old he enlisted in the First Division, Battalion Sharp-Shooters, with the First Army Corps, and afterward consolidated with the Fifth Corps, participating in the following engagements : Wilderness, Spottsyl- vania, Xorth Anna, Chickahominy, Poplar Grove Chui'ch, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, Paraunky River, Cold Harbor, Siege of Petersburg and the three fights at llatcher's Run ; he was with his commancl from the date of his enlistment until June 12, 1865, when he was dis- discharged with his regiment. On his return home he resumed the carpenter's trade, which he had learned prior to his enlistment, and followed same until July 1, 1870, when he was appointed agent for the Lehigh Valley Railroad, at Mehoopany, remaining there eight years, and then came to Wyalusing, to take charge of the railroad interests at that place, where he has since remained ; he has been in the employ of the company twenty-one years. In 1883 he built his present ele- gant residence, lie was united in wedlock, December 31, 1863. with Olive G. Ross, a daughter of Benjamin Ross, of Mehoopany, and to them have been born two children : Lottie J. and Fannie C. Mr. Kintner is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, is steward of same, and for the past thirteen years has been superintendent of Sab- bath-schools ; he is a member of the I. 0.0. F., White Lilly Lodge, No. 808, Wyalusing; has j)assed all degrees, and has twice filled the position of JN. G.; for the past five years lie has been treasurer of the Lodge. He is a member of Jackson Post, No. 74, G. A. R., and past commander of the same ; in politics he has always been identified with the Republican party, and was the first justice of the peace elected in the borough of Wyalusing, which office he still holds, and has also held various offices in the town. He is recognized as one of the lead- ers in all mattei-s of i-eform for the public good ; in society he and his family stand among the foi-emost. W. M. KINTNER, larmei' and stock-grower, of Wyalusing town- ship, P. O. Camptown, was born in Monroe countv, Pa., November 10, 1842, and is a son of Michael and Catherine (Mosier) Kintner, both of whom were i)orn in Monroe county, and were of German origin. His grandfather, Rudolpli Kintner, was twice married, having children bv both marriciges : l)y the first tiiei-e were three boys, viz.: George, Jonas and Daniel, all deceased; by his second wife tliere were the follow- ing: Rudolph, Coiirod, Joseph, Henry, ]\richael, Delilah, Mary and Elizabeth. Michael was a shoemaker bv trade, and also owned and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 945 cultivated a small farm; he lived his entire life in Monroe and Sid- livan counties, and had the following children : W. M., the eldest ; Charles, of Sullivan county; Philip, of Stroudsbnrg; Morris, of Strouds- burg ; Mahaley, married to Jacob Mosier, of Monroe county ; Frank deceased), John (deceased), Milo (deceased), and Amanda. W. M. was educated in the common schools of his neiglil)orhood, and Janu- ary 24:, 1862, enlisted in Company I, Seventy-first P. V. I., and partici- pated in the following engagements: Cedar Mountain, Eappahan- nock Station, South Mountain, Bull Run and Antietam, at which latter battle he received a shell-wound in the lower portion of his right leg, and was ordered to the hospital, but, instead of going, joined the wag-on-train, and drove a team for about two months ; rejoined his company at Petersburg, and was through the siege there. He was discharged March 4, 1865, by expiration of his term of enlistment, and after hfs return home, located at Pittston, where he engaged in the manufacture of brick for about two years, then returned to Monroe county, and for three years farmed, then in Wyoming four years and Monroe county seven ; he next removed to Bradford county, where he has since resided ; has occupied his present farm of 100 acres of fine land for four years, and has it well stocked. He was united in wed- lock March 16, 1865, with Ellen, a daughter of Samuel Walter, of Mon- roe county, and their union has been blessed with eight children : Harry (residing at Lime Hill, and married to Alice Rumsey), Clara, Sarah, Joseph, Hattie, George, Samuel and Nellie, who, with the exception of the eldest, reside with their parents. Mr. Ivintner is a Democrat, and an active worker for his party's interests. He has been a successful farmer, and has always commanded the esteem of all who knew him. JOHN W. KLINE, a prominent butcher of Towanda, and whole- sale and retail dealer in meats, etc., was born in Baden, Germany, February 4, 1840, and is a son of Jacob and Caroline (Geyer) Kline, who came to America in 1850, settling in Reading, Pa., where the mother of our subject stdl resides. John W. Kline received a common-school education in Syracuse, N. Y., where he also served an apprenticeship of three years at the butcher's trade. For sixteen years he worked as a journeyman. He settled in Towanda in 1867, and in 1876 embarked in business for himself: has built upa successful trade, and conducts the largest market in Towanda. He married March 16, 1862, Hannah, daughter of John and Eliza (Dreisbach) Hankey, of Luzerne countv, Pa., and has five children, as follows: John W., Jr., Minnie E. (Mrs. A. T. Stark), Jessie M., Frank J. and Walter F. During the Civil War Mr. Kline was in the Government employ, as butcher, at Elmira, N. Y. He is a member of the Presby- terian Church, and in politics is a Democrat. BENJAMIN F. KNAPP, undertaker, Troy, was born in LeRoy township, this county, March 23, 1833, a son of Amos and Electa (Barnes) Knapp. His paternal grandfather, John Knapp, formerl}'^ of Orange county, N. Y., settled near West Franklin, this county, in 1796, and was a manufacturer of wooden mould board plows, with one han- dle; he spent most of his life in LeRoy township, and was p(jstmaster of LeRoy for some years; he died in Springfield township in 1836. He 946 HISTORY OK HKADFORO COUNTY. married Eunice Wilcox, by whom lie had the following children : Samuel, Aaron, Mary (Mrs. Jesse Robart), Eunice (Mrs. Rinearson), Amos, John, Prudy (Mrs. A. Teeter), Betsey (Mrs. Stone), William, Jane (Mrs. B. Elliott) and ]\[ahala (Mrs. T. Beardsley). The father of our subject was reared in Susquehanna county, but, after attaining his major- ity, spent most of his life in LeRoy and Springfield townships, this county, engaged in fai-ming, and was also a veterinary surgeon ; his wife was a tiaughter of David Burns, of Susquehanna county, by whom he had thiileen children, twelve of whom grew to maturity : Clarissa (Mrs. Jeremiah Baker), Eunice (Mrs. Alvin Bailey), Almira (Mrs. Rufus Miiis])augh), Dennis B., Elisha, David, John (chief of police of Elinira fo)' twenty-five years), Amos, Laura (Mrs. George Nichols), Dimmis (Mrs. Addison Grace), Benjamin F. and IVfartha (Mrs. P. C. Slade). Our subject was reared in Springfield township, and educated in the common schools. AVhen twenty-two years of age he settled in Colum bia township, and engaged in farming, and for seven years was also engaged in the undertaking l)usiness there. In 1877 he located in Troy, where he has since been conducting an undertaking establishment. June 1, 1850, he mai'ried Lydia A., daughter of Philij) and Laura (AValkins) Slade, of Columbia township, the latter of whom was the first white child born in that township, a daughter of David Walkins, one of the first settlers. The issue of this union was one daughter, Cora (Mrs. Dr. P. M. Barber, who died leaving one son, Frank Stewart). Mr. and Mrs. Knapp have also one adopted son, Guy Lewis. Mr. Knapp is a member of the I. O. O. F., which he joined in 1805 ; he served as jury commissioner of Bradford count\^ one term of three 3'ears; politically he is a Republican. EDSON Li. KNAPP, of Columbia township, farmer, P. O. Aspin- vvall, was born in Wells township, this county, April 24, 1850, and is a son of John and Maria (Ayres) Knapp, natives of Beaversville, Sussex Co., K J., who settled in Wells township in 1848. In 1852 they removed to Steuben county, N. Y., and died there ; their children were seven, as follows : William, Hannah, Catherine, Edson R., Frank- lin P., Charles and Samuel A. Edson R. was reared in New Jersey from seven years of age, educated at Newton Seminary, Newton, N. J., and after attaining his majority engaged in farming in Wautaga township, Sussex Co., N. J., until 1870, when he returned to his native town. Wells, this county, and remained there until 1881, when he removed to Columbia township, where he still resides. He married, November 24, 1875. Ilari-iet, (JaughLer of Owen and Amanda (Parcel) Wright, of Columbia townshi]) and has five children, viz.: Owen. Geoi-ge P., Lillian. Bertha and Lewis. Mr. Knajip j-esides on the old homestead, cleared by his wife's father, and oi-iginally settled by his grandfather, Thomas Wright.- He is a charter member of Pulaski Lodge, 1. O. O. F., No. 103, of Deckertown, N. J. In 1889 he Avas elected assessor of Columl)ia townshi]) for a term of three years ; he is a memi)er of the Presbvterian Church, and in politics is a Republican. KOi'.Eirr M. KXAPP, farmer, of Hui-lington township, P. O. Luther's iM ills. w;is born. August 4. lSi>4, in P.urlington townshij). tliis county, on the adjoining farm to wlici'e lie now I'esides, a son of HISTORY OF BRADFOKI) COUNTY. 947 William and JSTancy (Smith) Knapp, the former of whom was born in Goshen, Oi'ange Co., N. Y., of English origin ; when a boy he removed to Bradford county, settling in Ulster township, and worked at farm- ing, experiencing all the privations of pioneer life, as most of the county was then a wilderness. In about the year 1827, he settled on the farm where our subject now lives, and died at the age of eighty- four years; his father was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and lost his life then. Robert M. Knapp, who is the youngest in a family of twelve children, was reared on a farm, and has been a man of great perseverance and integrity. He has accumulated a fine property, and now owns a farm of 150 acres, under a fine state of cultivation. He was married, in September, 1848, to Adelaide Nichols, a sister of James W. Nichols, of Burlington, and there have been born to them five children, three of whom are living, as follows: Maholon, married to Leuretta Bennett; Earl A., married to Carrie Pelton; and Lettie, wife of Eugene Decker, of Towanda, a commercial traveler for agricultural implements. Mr. Knapp is a Republican in politics, and is considered one of the substantial and representative men of the town. ORRIN A. KNIFFIN, farmer, P. O. East Smithfield, is a son of Andrew and Mary (Wilkinson) Kniffin. Andrew was a native of Rockland county, N. Y., of English descent, who came to Bradford in 1819; of his family of seven children, the subject of this sketch was the fifth ; the father had one brother, Benjamin, in the War of 1812. Mr. Kniffin was born in Dutchess county, N. Y., and was of English and German descent. The family liv^ed in this county sixteen years, then moved to Tioga county. Pa., and cleared a large farm. Mr. Kniffin was reared on the farm, and lived in Tioga county, until 1870, then returned to Smithfield, and in 1871 bought the property where he now resides, and which contained 168 acres. Plis parents came here with them, and the mother died here in 1873; the father died in Maryland, August 28, 1887, while on a visit to his eldest daughter. Orrin A. has a small dairy, and does a general farming business. He married. May 16, 1859, Anna T., daughter of Stephen T. and Johanna V. (Harding) Gladding, of Smithfield, natives of Bristol, R. I. She was born, June 28, 1842, the f(jurth in a family of five children. Two of her brothers, John G. and Samuel, were in the Civil War, the former of whom died in-the service, and the latter was in the One Hundred and Eighty-Seventh Regiment, P. V. T. The Gladding family trace their ancestry directly back eight generations, to a John Gladding, who was born in 1640, and came to this country in 1660, and lived in the Plymouth colony about twent}^ years, but after the King Phillip War removed with his family, and assisted in founding the town of Bristol. Mr. and Mrs. Kniifin have had born to them seven children as follows: Josephine A., a teacher, born March 10, 1860, died February 5, 1891 ; Martlia E., born August 80, 1861 ; Daniel O., born December 26, 1863, married to Bessie F. Lane; Norman A., born May 31, 1869; Lydia E., born Deceml)er 7. 1875; Samuel O., born November 17, 1877^ and Arthiu' L., boi-n October 21, 1881. The family are metn])ers of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Kniffin is a Republican in political matters. 1)48 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. WILLIAM KKAlVr, farmer, Monroe township, P. O. Towanda, was born in Nortiiampton county, Pa., July 21, 1822, and is a son of Jacob and Susan (Frankinfield) Kram, natives of Penns3'ivania and of German origin. As soon as he embarked in Hfe for himself he learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed until 1887, when he had the sad misfortune of being struck with total blindness, from which he has been unable to obtain any relief. He came to Bradford county in 1862, and located where Wilson Frutchey now resides. In 1873 he settled on the farm where he now lives. Mr. Kram was married, P^ebruary 10, 1846, to Miss Margaret Fegles, of Muncy, Pa., who died May 9, 1855, and by her he had four children, one of w^hom is yet living, viz.: Isaiah M., born August 29, 1851, formerly a hardware merchant in Big Rapids, Mich., but now engaged in farming there. Mr. Kram was afterward married, November 17, 1856, to Miss Marv, daughter of David and Susanna (Arndt) Eilenberger, of Monroe county, born of German and Irish lineage. They had born to them six children: Francis H., born in Bloomsburg, Pa., June 20, 1858, a telegraj)h operator at Tunkiiannock (married to Jennie Bardwell, daughter of II. W. Bardwell, of Tunkiiannock, by whom he has one chikl, Gertrude, born January 31, 1887); Lina F., born April 7, 1860 (lias taught fifteen years in the public schools of Bradford county, and is, unmistakably, one of the most successful teachers in tlie county, she is at present teaching in the Towanda high school); Susie E., born March 23, 1863, married to Frank H. Sechler, who is engaged in the creamerv business in East Bridgewater, Pa.; L)avid A., born AjH-il 24, 1866,"and died June 16, 1871; Mary II., born August 25, 1868 (taught ten terms in Bradford county), married to Walter II. Scott, who is engaged in farming in Monroe township, and Jessie A'^., born x\pril 29, 1871 (is also a teacher in Bradford county). Mrs. Kram died April 18, 1891. The family are Methodists and Republicans. JOHN M. KRAMER, locomotive engineer, Sayre, is a native of Lu/erne county, and was born April 19, 1843. His parents were Albert M. and Caroline M. (Long) Kramer, natives of the same place, the former a machinest and molder. born February 21, 1823, and died in LTlster, ]November2, 1882 ; the latter was born October 27, 1817, and died, October 27, 1852. John M. is the eldest of a family of two sons and one daughter; his sister, Mary Jane, was born January 4. 1845, and died Julv 14, 1885. John came with the family to Towanda, when he was about six years of age, and received his education in the public schools of that place, where he remained until the war broke out, wiien he enlisted, April 14, 1861 in Company I, Sixth Pennsylvania Reserves, under Capt. W. II. II. 11. Gore, and took part in twenty-three regular engagements, and was under fire over three hundred times. Some of the most important engagements he participated in were the battles of second Bull Run, Fredericksburg, xintietam, South Mountain, Gettys- burg, Wilderness, and was shot through the arm at Spottsylvania, May 10, 1864, and was sent to Satterlee Hospital, West Phila(leli)hia. He rejoined his command in front of Petersburg, and from exposure con- tracted gangrene of the wound, and was sent to Lincoln General Hos- pital; was mustered out June 28, 1865, and returned home, and in a HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 949 short time removed to Athens, with his parents, and worked in the machine shops with his father until June, 1866. when he went to work as axeman for the engineer corps of the P. & N. Y. R. R.. and was with them until the latter part of 1867, when he was employed on the road as fireman, and was promoted to engineer in 1871, and has filled that place since. In Athens, December 25, 1806, he married Kate, daughter of Thomas and Ellen (Foley) O'Connell, natives of County Waterford, Ireland, who came to Athens in 1852. Thomas O'Connell died in Ulster township, November 7, 1881, in his seventy-third year; his widow survives and resides in Athens. Mrs. Kramer is the second in a family of five children, and was born in County Waterford, Ireland, August 15, 181:9. To Mr. and Mrs. Kramer were born the followino- children: Caroline E., Anna May, John Thomas, Theodore (deceased) and Albert Morris. Mrs. Kramer is an exemplary member of the Catholic Church. Mr. Kramer is a member of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, Sayre Division, No. 380; the A. O. U. W.; Golden Cycle ; G. A. R., Mallory Post, No. 285; the Union Veteran Legion, No. 28, and of the Veteran LTnion. G. F. KRISE, insurance agent. Canton, is a native of Liberty, Tioga Co., Pa., anil was born September 5. 1852, a son of Charles A. and Christena (Gleckner) Krise, the former a native of Germany and the latter of Tioga county, Pa. Our subject is the eldest in a family of four children. Of his brothers, Albert E. is cashier of the First National Bank, of Frostburg, Md., and William C. is engaged in the grain business at Red Wing, near Minneapolis. Mr. Krise came to Canton with his parents when he was five years of age; received his education in the borongh schools, and learned the saddler's trade of his father, which occupation he followed until 1880, then engaged in the retail coal business, having one yard in Canton, and another in Troy. At the end of three years he sold his business, and accepted the position of general agent for J. Langdon ife Co., of Elmira. for their coal on the Northern Central line, a position he still liolds. He engaged in the insurance business with his brother Albert E. in the summer of 1888, and in 1890 C. E. Bullock became a partner, under the firm name of Krise & Bullock. In Canton, in 1877, Mr. Krise mar- ried H. M., daughter of James L. and Sally (Warren) Bothwell, na- tives of this county. James Bothwell is engaged in the insurance antl coal business at Troy, Pa. Mrs. Krise is the elder of two children who grew to maturity; she was born in Canton township in 1856. To them was born one son, Charles R. Mrs. Krise is a member of the Disciple Church. Mr. Krise is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, Canton Lodge, No. 1:15 ; of Troy Chapter, No. 261, and of Canton Comniandery, No. 64. He served as a member of the borough coun- cil four years, and three years was treasurer of the council; politi- callv he is a Democrat. iBENJAMIN KUYKENDALL, farmer. Towanda, who has long been one of the leading and influential agriculturists of the count}^ resides in the borouoh and carries on his extensive farming interests at the same time. His nativity was the Em])ire State, born in Sulli- van county, July 28, 1826, a son of Peter and Deborah (A-^anduzen) 55 950 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. KuA'kendall. also natives of New York and of German and English descent, respectively; they were farmers, who came to Bradford county in lS4rl:, settling in Windham township, where the father died in 1876, and had reared a family of eleven children — five daughters and six sons — of whom Benjamin is the sixth. The youthful days of our sub- ject were divided between his native place and Windham township; in 1873 he first made his residence in the borough. His elegant farm of 175 acres is situated in AVindham township, is one of the best in the countv and he has two other farms in other townships, as well as con- siderable town property in Towanda. Benjamin Ivuykendall was married March 9, 1853, to Pamela Anna, daughter of Rev. Daniel and Tamar (Williamson) Gardner, natives of Orange county, N. Y., and of English stock. Mrs. Ivuykendall was l)orn in Windham township, on January 0, 1833; her grandfather, Williamson, was a lay -reader in the E|)iscopal Church, and a very prominent Mason ; he was a distinguished minister of the Baptist Church. To this marriage union came eight children, and in the order of birth, as follows: Thomas, who died at eleven years of age ; and two died in infancy; Anna (Mrs. John H. Dean); Deborah C. (Mrs. George A. Dayton); Benjamin (an attorney in Towanda); Paul (a bookkeeper in Duluth, Minn.); and Francis E. (Mrs. Benson Landon, in Chicago). This is one of the prominent families in the social life of Towanda. Mr. Ivuykendall was ten years a justice in Windham township; was elected county commissioner in 1872, and served a full term ; he is a prominent temperance advocate and a good Republican. C. S. LAFFERTY, retired merchant, Camptown, ranks among Brad- ford county's most successful business men. He was born in New Jersey, July 30, 1832, and is a son of John and Jane (Little) Lalferty ; the former was born in County Antrim, Ireland, but while yet a boy came to America, and located in Sussex county, N, J., of which place his wife was a native; he was a shoemaker bv trade, and followed that occupation until 1834, when he removed to Herrick township, this county, and purchased a farm, and followed the occupation of a farmer until his death, in 1890, being then in his ninetieth year; he had a family of six children, of whom our subject is the eldest. The others were: Harriet, married to P. S. S(]uires, of Herrick, now county com- missioner; Catherine, married to Thomas Lee, and residing in Herrick; William ((leceased); James (deceased); and John (deceased). Our subject was reai-ed on a farjn, and was educated in the common schools, and Wyoming Seminary. After reaching his majority he was a traveling salesman for nine years. In 1800 he came to ("amptown, and built a store room (which has since been incorporated into the house he now occupies as a residence), and opened a general stoi'e, having S. R. Stevens associated with him, under the iirm name of Lalferty iSi Stevens. This linn continued in business four years, when ]\Ir. Stevens retired, Mr. Lalferty purchasing his interest. Tiie latter continued the business alone untiri870, and then took, as a ])artner, Geoi-ge H. Lan(h)n. aixl the business was conducted under the firm name of Lalferty Sz Landon four years. In 1878 he built the store-room now occupi(Ml by Smith Brothers, which is one of the best-a])pointed and most commodious HISTORY OP BRADFORD COUNTY. 951 store-rooms in the county ; he continued in business there until 1880, and then sold to Smith Brothers; since that period he has been dealing extensivel}' in Western lands and cit}^ property. Besides his large real estate interests in this county, he has real estate in Chicago, Denver (Colo.), Nebraska and West Virginia. Mr. Lafferty was united in marriage, April 20, 18C8, with Emma E., daughter of Thomas and Miranda (Knott) Jones; her father was a native of AV ales, and died in Herrick township in 1848. Her only sister, Martha, married Martin Fee, of Camptown. Mr. and Mrs. Laffertj^ have one child, W. S., born April 26, 1868; he was educated in Camptown Academy, Wyoming- Seminary, and Elmira Business College; he is now a merchant in Chicago. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Camp- town. Mr. Lafferty is a member of the F. & A. M.. a Master Mason, and belongs to Franklin Lodge, Towanda ; also a member of Wyalus- ing Lodge, No. 503, 1. O. O. F., Camptow^n, has taken all the degrees, and is past grand. His political views are Democratic. Mr. Lafferty has from the start depended entirely upon his own resources, and has been eminently successful. HARPJSON LAMB, farmer, P. O. Macedonia, was born Novem- ber 24, 1820, at Browntown, Wyalusing township, this county, a son of Ebenezer and Nancy (Gordon) Lamb, the former a native'of Ver- mont and the latter of New Jersey, of English and Scotch-Irish ancestry. Samuel Gordon, his grandfather, settled in Wyalusing in 1780, about three miles from the mouth of the creek, where he built the first gristmill, probably, in the county, and was one of the promi- nent ])ioneers of the country. Grandfather Lamb was a soldier in the Revolutionar}^ War, and was a prisoner with the Indians in Canada for a long time. Harrison Lamb was reared on a farm, and when grown began farming on his own account, also lumbering in connec- tion. He came to Macedonia in 1887, and located on his present farm. Mr. Lamb was married in October, 18 — , to Esther Whitney, who was born in September, 1830, and of this marriage there are nine childi-en, as follows: Laura, born October 9, 1858; Louise, born, Februai-v 28, 1860; Andrew, born May 3, 1861; Lizzie, born December 21, 1862; Beecher M., born Novernber 13, 1864; May, born September 8, 1866; Mertie, born April 24, 1868; Eugene, born July 14, 1870; Herbert, born November 16, 1872. The girls are mostly teachers, and some are in Philadelphia as nurses. Mrs. Lamb, who was a faithful member of the Presbyterian Church, departed this life May 7, 1889, deeply mourned by the family, and much lamented by those who were inti- mately ac(]uainted with her. She was a daughter of the late Dr. Elisha Whitney, of Wyalusing. GEORGE A. LAMKIN, senior member of the firm of Lamkin Bros. & Bloom, prominent dealers in general merchandise, Troy, was born in Ithaca, N. Y., February 1, 1854, is a son of James and Barbara (Tucker) Lamkin, and is of English parentage [see sketch of James W. Lamkin]; ho was reared in Tomjikins county, N. Y., received a pub- lic-school education, and' after attaining his majority, began life for himself as a clerk in an agricultural store in Dan by, N. Y., where he remained six years. In 1879 he located in Troy, Pa., and was clerk in 952 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. af^eneral store until 1882, when he embarked in the general merchan- dising business as a member of the firm of Gernert, Lamkin & Moore, until 1885, then as Gernert & Lamkin until 1887, then as Lamkin, liloom & Manley until 1888, when the present firm of Lamkin Bros. ik Bloom was organized, and they are among the most popular busi- ness houses of Troy. Mr. Lamkin married, September 18, 1890, Ada C, daughter of Brewster A. and Louisa 0. (Colborn) Long, of Troy borough. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, is a Sir Knight Templar and a member of the I. O. O. F. Though he never sought office he is known as a worker in the interest of the political party he represents, which is the Republican. JAMES W. LAMKIN, of Lamkin Bros. & Bloom, dealers in gen- eral merchandise, Troy, was born in Lansing, Tompkins Co., N. Y., June 1-1, 1852, and is a son of James and Barbara (Tucker) Lamkin, natives of England, who came to America about 1845, and settled in Lansing, N. Y., where the father engaged in farming until his death ; their children were eight: Ehzabeth (Mrs. Hoffman Swartout), James W., Geoi'ge A., Charles (deceased), Jane (Mrs. Willis Euest), Hattie (Mrs. Charles Hanford), John, and Julia (Mrs. Fred. Johnson). Our subject was reared in Tompkins county, N. Y., educated at Danby High School, began life as a farmer, and later served in the capacity of clerk in the general store of Danby & Spencer for four years. In March, 1887, he located in Troy, Pa., and purchased an interest in a clothing store with E. S. Jewell, in which he continued until 1889, under the firm name of Jewell & Lamkin ; lie then became a member of the firm of Lamkin Bros. 6z Bloom, one of tiie leading business houses of Troy, with wiiom he is still connected. Mr. Lamkin was twice married, his first wife being Olive, daughter of John and Eliza (Malks) Thomas, of Danby, N. Y., b}?^ whom he had one daughter, Amelia; his second wife was Gertrude Jewell, daughter of E. S. and Araminta (Davidson) Jewell, of Troy, Pa. Mr. Lamkin is a live and enterprising business man ; he is a member of the Presl)yterian Church, and in politics is a Republican. II. LAMPIIERE, farmer and dairyman, P. O., Wyalnsing, was born in LeRaysvilie, this county, October 10, 1843, a son of Zelwin and Delila (Piatt) Lamphere. His father was a carpenter and contractor, and resided a greater portion of his time in LeRaysvilie; lie had a family of six children, viz.: Edward, now in California; Charles, a farmer, of Standing Stone; George (deceased); Emily, married to Theodore Rosencrans, a fanuer residing in Nebraska; Saraii, married to George Coi-ner, a farmer in Nebraska, and our subject. 11. Lam- phere speni his boyhood, until sixteen, in Leliaysville, where he attended scho»)l most of that time. In iVIarch, 1862, lie enlisted in Company H, Seventy-Fifth P. V. I., and was in the battles of Fort Fisher, Wilmington, and the campaign against Richmond ; was twice struck by bullets, so as to leave permanent scars, but never seritnisly wounded; was mustered out with his regiment, July 10, 1805. After returning from the army he puj-chased a blacksmith shop at Wysox, and worked at that trade for two years, then went West and took up a homestead in Nebraska, but after staying there about six months HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 953 moved on to Idaho, and for some time was enga<^ed in wor-k on the Norther-n Faciflc Kaih'oad ; he then came back to Ckirence, Iowa, and farmed for a year, and then returned and located at Standing Stone, and for the following eight years made that his home, witii the excep- tion of one year spent in lumbering, close to Lanark, Pa. He then came to Wyalusing township, and for four years was on the Bixby farm; and tl]en,in the spring- of 1887, removed to his jiresent residence, the Washington Taylor farm, now owned by Dr. J. M. Chamberlain. Mr. Lamphere married, August l-i, 1871, Anna l>enjamin, a daughter of Morgan Benjamin, of Standing Stone, and tliis union has been blessed with four children : Elmer, Jennie, Earnest and Albert. Mr. Lamphere is a member of Glosson Lodge, No. 920, I. O. O. F., Sugar Run, and of Hurst Post, No. 86, G. A. K., Camptown, and is a Repub- lican. He has lived in the vicinity of his present home mo.ny years, and commands the esteem and respect of all ; he lias always depended entirelv on his own resources and has been vevy successful. FREDERICK C. LANDMESSER. merchant, was born in Hanover township, Luzerne Co., Pa., July 26, 1857. His father, Peter Land- messer, was born in Germany, on the Rhine, November 4, 1819, and his grandfather, John Nicholas Landmesser, was born in the same place, November 17, 1776. His great-grandfather, John Nicholas Landmesser, who was an officer under the Duke of Nassau, married a Miss Krumpf, and they had four children : John Nicholas, Elizabeth (wife of D. Parkier), Catherine (wife of W. Warner) and Mary. John Nicholas married Louisa Barks, and had nine children, all born in Germany, of whom are given the names of Louisa (wife of N. Bish), Catherine (wife of Andrew Weiskarger), Mary (wife of K. Keller), Nicholas, P"'rederick (retired mine superintendent), Peter, and Ludwig, a coal operator. John Nicholas came to this country in 1836, having lost his wife in 1823 ; he died in 1855, and is buried in Hanover, Pa. Peter Landmesser began life prospecting for coal in his seventeenth year, and lived at home until he was twenty-four, during which time he worked on the Lehigh Canal, and in cutting and packing broom corn, also in public works and mining ; he was superintendent of the mines at Silver Brook, the Baltimore mines and the Oliphant, near Carbondale. In 1856 he erected a slope which was afterward aban- doned ; was then mine boss for his brother Ludwig, who was agent for the Hartford Coal Company, and was superintendent in 1860 for the Continental Coal Company, dui'ing which year he took a contract with the Baltimore Coal Company and sank a sloj)e for them. In 1861 he was superintendent for Gray and Mortagie ; in 1862 for Mortagie ; in 1863 was mine boss for the Wilkes-Barre Coal and Iron Company, and in ISCA superintendent for Gray & Longstreet, in Schuylkill county. In 1864 he was superintendent for the Baltimore Com))any Slope, No. 3, at Wilkes-Barre, and in 1865 they were burned out, and he lost all his personal property. He remained with this com- pany until 1865, when he began j)urchasing farm produce along the canal ; then came to Standing Stone, and purchased the " Rummerfield Hotel'' in 1867, which he conducted until 1873, also trading, and then turned his hotel into a general store, which he conducted until 1876. 954 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. lie then purchased, fiom the heirs of James Esbey, his present home and two liundred or more acres of land, and has devoted the bahmce of his life to farming aud trading. Mr. Landmesser was school director three years; is a member of the Wilkes-Barre l.odge. No. (51, A. F. & A.M., and is a Rejiublican. lie married, in 1817, Josephine, the eldest of six ciiildrcn of Nicholas and Cliristiana (Diedersfelt) liittersbacher. Of tliis union were children as follows: John Nicholas, who died in infancy; Peter (deceased); Louisa, wife of George P. Ililpert, both deceased, leaving a daughter, Georgie J. Ililpert, who is ^Yith her gi-and- father; Peter 11; Louise and Alexander (deceased). Frederick C, the subject of this sketch, attended school at Wilkes-Barre and Stand- ing Stone, until [lis fourteenth 3'ear; then worked on a farm eight years; he had charge of the " liummerfield Hotel" eighteen months; traded in ap[)les and produce two years, and then took a commei-cial course in Kingston College, Luzerne county. Returning to Rummer- field he engaged in the hay, grain, and coal business, with Billings, Feel and Stewart, under the name of F. C. Landmesser iSz Co., with main office at Homet's Ferry. In 1887 he withdrew from this firm, and built the store which he now occu])ies, dealing in general mer- chandise ; he is one of the prosperous business men of the county, and carries a stock of about $5,500, doing an annual business of about $12,- 000. In politics he is a Republican. He married, February 28, 1887. Sarah O., eldest daughter of William and Almira (Barton) Claggett. Mrs Landmesser worships at the Methodist Episcopal Church. PETER BARNEY LANDMESSEll, station agent, Rummerfield, was born near Wilkes-Barre, Pa.. April 22, 1854, a son of Peter 1>. Landmesser. In the days of his youth he attended school in Luzerne and Bradford counties, until his sixteenth year, when he began to make his own way in the world, and worked mostly on the farm until the fall of 1873, when he was appointed station agent at Rummei-field on the Lehigh A'alley Railroad. He received this appointment from Gen']. Supt. R. A. Packer, and has continued in that employ to the present time. He married Sarah J., daughter of Nelson and Lois (Chaffee) YanNest; she was the sixth of nine children, eight of whom are living. Mi', and Mrs. Landmesser have had four children, as fol- lows : Louis P., born February 20, 1879 ; Mabel E., born A])ril 11, 1882 ; Louise J., born September 8, 1885, and Perry C, born December 24, 1888. Mr. and Mrs. Landmesser attend the M. E. Church, and in politics he votes the Republican ticket. This family is of the pleasant and much respected ones of P>radford county. NEUTON LANDON, dealer in groceries and feed, Canton, is a native of the place, born August 1, 1842, a son of Eldaah and Lucy (Loveridge) Landon, the former a native of ('anton township, this county, having been born, April 15, 1808, one and one-half miles south of Canton borough. The mother died in 1848 in her thirty -eighth year. The grandparents w-ere Laban and Elizabeth (Gillis) Landon, natives of New Jerse\' and Newbury, N. Y., respectively; they came from Williamsport to Canton townshij), between the years 1797 and 1800. Their son, Joshua Landon, was born in Canton, February 27, 1800— the first white child born in this vicinitv. Laban Landon served in the HISTORY OF HUADFORT) COUNTY. 955 Revolutionary War, and was one of Wasliing'ton's bodyguard; he died in June, 1828, in iiis seventieth year. Mrs. Landon died in June, 1848, m her eighty-fourth year. Eldaah Landon is the youngest in a family of fourteen children. The family removed to Troy in 1822, where they resided until 1830, when they returned to Canton where Mr. Landon still resides. Tlie subject of this memoir is the fourth in a family of four children, of whom two are now living. He was reared in Canton, and received a public-school education, lie enlisted in April, 1861, in the three months' service, and re-enlisted September 7, 1861, for three years, in Company K, Fiftieth P. V. L; he went with Porter's fleet South, and was in the second battle of Bull Run, also the one at Chantilly, and in some minor engagements. He was mustered out on account of disability, January 22, 1863, and Septem- ber 3, 186-1, he re-enlistetl in Company K, Fifteenth New York Engi- neers, and was mustered out at Fort Perry, Yirginia, June 13, 1865. He returned home and tauo-ht school during- the winters of 1865 and 1866; then clerked in a store one and one-half years, after which he took up farming, which he followed until Jul\% 1881, when he embarked in the gi'ocery business. Mr. Landon was married in Granville, this county, in 1868, to Maggie, daughter of William and Maria Puny an, natives of Scotland and Havana, N. Y., respectively; her father was a farmer, served several years as county treasurer, and died in April, 1882, in his seventy-seventh year; her mother, who is still living, is the sixth in a family of eleven children, and was born in Granville township in 1847. To Mr. and Mrs. Landon wei'e born two children: Jennie and Charles F. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church. He is a member of the board of trustees, served three years as councilman, assessor three years, and tax collector two j^ears; is a charter member of Canton Masonic Lodge, No. 415, Troy Chapter, No. 261, and Canton Coramandery, No. 64, also a member of the fol- lowing: G. A. R., Ingham Post, No. 91, of which he was the first commander; I. O. O. F., Canton Lodge, No. 321, and has pas>^ed all the chairs in th.e Order; is also a member of the Encampment, and has passed the chairs. He is a Republican, and was census enumerator for Canton borough in 1890. REY. ALEXANDER LANE (deceased) was born October 3, 1809, in Burlington township, this county, on the farm where he died, and where his daughter, Margaret A., and son, Stephen A., now reside. He was the eighth generation of Alexander Lanes in America, and was of Pilgrim origin, a son of Alexander and Abigail (Mills) Lane, natives of Connecticut, and who removed to Pradford county from Poughkeepsie, N. Y., in 1795, settling in Burlington, being one of the pioneer families. He was a soldier in the War of the Revolution, was of Scotch-Irish descent, and the name was originally McLane. The sub- ject of this sketch married Catharine Shoemaker, who was born October 18, 1813, at Kingston, Luzerne Co., Pa., of Quaker ancestry, and by her he had nine children, as follows: Margaret A., born January 5, 1834; Asa S.. born December 5, 1835 ; John W., born June 19, 1838 ; William Alexander, born June 25,1841 ; Noel W., born July 9, 1844; Stephen A., born December 7, 1846 ; Catharine F., born August 8, 1849 ; 950 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Charles H., born September 8, 1852; and Gustavus G., born June 18, 1855. William Alexander was the ninth generation of Alexanders in America; was a physician, and a soldier in the Civil War, Company ]>, Two Hundred and Seventh Regiment, P. V. Charles H. is a phy- sician in Pittsburgh, Pa. Gustavus G, is a farmer occupying a part of the old homestead ; was married to Susan Wrisley, of Burlington, and of New England ancestry, whose parents removed to tlie county in 1858. Rev. Alexander Lane, the subject proper of tliis sketch, was a cler- gyman of the Methodist Protestant Church, having joined the Penn- sylvania Conference at the age of eighteen ; he traveled as an itinerant preacher, on horseback, as was the custom in those early days, in the States of New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland and Pennsylvania ; was a powerful preacher and an excellent man ; he was nearly sixty years in active pastoral work, and died Ai)ril 26, 1890, at the age of eighty years. WILLIAM PENN LANE, farmer, Burlington township, P. O. Luther's Mills, was born October 6, 1842, on the farm where he now resides, a son of Zepheniah and Polly (Clarke) Lane, the former of whom was born in Poughkeepsle, N. Y., of Scotch-Irish origin. The maternal grandfather Clarke, was in the Wyoming massacre, and his father was a captain in the Revolutionary War, and a pioneer of Ulster township. Grandfather Lane was one of the first settlers of Burlington, and experienced all the privations of the pioneer. The father, who was a preacher in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a farmer, with the aid of his sons cleared tlie farm where AVilliam P. now resides; he died at the age of seventy-six years; when a mere lad he was a soldier in the War of 1812. In 1864 Mr. Lane enlisted in Company C, One Hundred and Eighty-eighth N. Y. A^. I., and was in several battles; he is now a pensioner (he had one brother and fourhalf- l)rothers also in the war). He was married, April 20, 1864, to Jane Fairchild, of Burlington, who was born April 18, 1846, a daughter of Gideon and Lydia Knight, of English origin. To Mr. and Mrs. Lane have been born five children, two of whom are living, as follows: Grove, born June 20, 1874, and Minnie, born May 14, 1867. The old homestead, where Mr. Lane resides, is a farm of eighty-live acres under a good state of cultivation, on which he has a fine dairy. ]\Ir. Lane is an excellent man in all respects, is a member of the G. A. R., in politics is a Re])ublican, and has held many offices of public trust; is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he has been a steward, and superintendent of the Sundav-school many vears. ROBERT II. LANING, Wysox, was born in Wyalusing, this county, June 25, 1837, and is a son of Matthias II. and Ann H. (Over- ton) Laning. His father, who was a native of Owego, N. Y., and a son of John and Mary (IloWenback) Laning, removed to Wyalusing about the year 1835, where he built a large section of the North Branch Canal, and kept a store, ;ind also for the purpose of looking after the estate of his mother wiio was a daughter of Judge Matthias Ilollenback, a well-known ])ioneer and large land-owner of the Wvom- ing Valley. Matthias Ilollenback Laning located, in 1842, in Wysox township, on the farm now occupied by his son, and resided there until HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 957 his death, May 3, 1800; he was hirgely interested in real estate in AVysox andTowanda, and in mining in the Wyoming Valley atAVilkes- Barre and elsewhere. His wife was a daughter of Thomas B. and Maria (Hodkinson) Overton, of Wilkes-Barre, by w^hom he had four children; Eobert II., Mary A. (Mrs. Edward T. Elliott), Emily T. (Mrs. William T. Bishop) and Elizabeth L. (Mrs. Clark B. Porter). Robert 11. Laning was reared in Bradford county, and was educated at Dickinson's Seminar}^, Williamsport, and Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, Tow^anda. Since attaining his majority he has been engaged in various business enterprises, and during the lifetime of his father assisted him in the management of his business. He married. May 21, 1S90, Mrs. Mary (Mowry) Morgan, daughter of Ezekiel Mowry, of Meshoppen. Mr. Laning has served as scliool director of Wysox four terms; also several terms as road commissioner, and is in these posi- tions now; is a director of the First National Bank, Towanda ; presi- dent of the Bradford County Agricultural Society; is a Sir Knight Temj)lar, and in politics is a Democrat. GEORGE LANTZ, farmer, Franklin township, P. O. Franklin- dale, was born in Monroe township, this county, July 21, l!^32, a son of Peter and Catherine (VanXest) Lantz, both of whom were born in New Jersey, and came to this county about 1825, locating at Wysox, from which place they removed to Franklindale, whe/e the father died in 1862, at the age of seventy -nine years. He purchased a farm of 100 acres of wild land, which he improved and beautified, living on it fifty years ; his family were ten in number — three sons and seven daughters — all of whom grew to maturity, but only three are now living — George (our subject) being the youngest of the family. Peter was married twice; both of his wives were Van Nests, and cousins; he had six children by the former marriage and four by the latter. When our subject was twenty -four years of age he purchased a farm and made a home for himself; at the age of thirty he married Miss Marga- ret, daughter of Samuel and Mary Anable, and the result of this union was six children — two sons and four daughters: Cora (died when four years old); Jennie; Louella (died when ten months old); Mamie. Samuel and James. Mr. Lantz has a neat home in the village of Franklindale, besides a farm of 100 acres, on which he raises grain, hay and wool; politically he is a Republican. LESTER R. LANTZ, physician. New Albany, born February 15, 1858, in Franklin township, Bradford Co., Pa., a son of William and Elizabeth (Arnold) Lantz, the former of whom, a farmer, born of German origin in New^ Jersey, was one of the representative men of the township, and died at the age of sixty-Hve; the mother died aged thirty-eight. Grandfather Lantz was a Revolutionary soldier; and the paternal grandfather was in the War of 1812. The subject of these lines, who is one of a family of eleven children — seven sons and four daughters — was reared on the farm, and educated in the common schools of his tow^n. He studied medicine from a very early age; and attended lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, graduating from there in the spring of 1880; and in the winters of 1885-86 he took a post- graduate course at the University of New York. Immediately after his 958 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. graduation lie engaged in tlie practice of his chosen profession at Hill's Grove, Pa., where he was for some time, and then three years at Norfolk, Va. In the spring of 1887 he located in New Albany, where he has had an extensive and lucrative practice, and is fast becoming one of the leading practitioners of the count}'. The Doctor was married, in 1879, to Maud Gilbert, of Franklindale. Dr. Lantz is a member of the I. O. O. F., and in politics he is an Independent. lie is the owner of one of the finest residences in the township. PETER LANTZ, farmer, of Franklin township, P. O. Franklin- dale, was born in Franklin, this county, January 21, 1851, a son of AVilliam and Maria (Arnold) Lantz, the former born in or near New- ton, Sussex Co., N. J.; the latter in Ulster, this county. William Lantz came with his father, Peter Lantz, Sr., when a young lad, or about 181:0, locating in Franklin, where he afterward lived and died; he was an industrious farmer, who b}' hard labor and economy accu- mulated a farm of 257 acres of good land ; his family number twelve by two marriages ; he married, for his first wife. Miss Maria Arnold, by whom he had nine children, eight of whom are living; his second wife was Miss Catherine Beavens, by whom he had three children, two vet living. Our subject, who is the sixth in the first family, was reared and educated at Franklin, and always worked on a farm. At the age of twentv-seven he married, at Terrytown, August 29, 1878, Miss Mary, daughter of Charles and Ann Yiell, and there were born to them four children, all of whom are now living, and very young, as follows : Charles, Edward, Arthur and Leo. Mr. Lantz, as were his forefathers, is a hard-working man, who by industry and economy has made himself a comfortable home; he is a general farmer, paying some attention to wool-growing; is a member of the Patrons of Indus- trv, and a trustee of the Methodist Episcoj)al Church. W. L. LANTZ, farmer, of Franklin township, P. O. Franklindale, was born in Monroe township, this county, April 17, 1840, a son of William and Amelia M. (Arnold) Lantz, the former born in New Jer- sey, the lattei" in Ulster, this county. William was the son of Peter, who removed from New Jersey about 1840, and located in Franklin, noi'th and east of the village; he lived and died on the farm on which he located. AVilliam, his son, after taking care of him, and paying ofi' the heirs, came into possession of the farm. He was twice married, and by his first wife had six sons and three daughters, five of whom grew to maturity; by his second wife he had one son and two daugh- ters. William (Hed in 1878, at the age of sixty-four years, leaving a farm of about 200 acres, all of which he had earned with his own hands, which j)roved him to have been a successful and enterprising farmer. The suljject of this sketch, who is the second child by the first wife, was reared and educated in Franklin, anil early in life learned the mil- ler's trade at Horace Willey's mill, in Franklindale, and worked there seven years; then removed to New Albany. Pa., where he purchased a large mill, renovated and improved it so extensively by the appliance of modern machinery, and operating same by steam, that he made it a com- plete success. After establishing a paying custom, during the space of twelve years, he sold out to Mr. (). M". Fassett, who married his only HISTORY OF BRADFOIID COUNTY. 959 daughter, Amelia M. He married, at Towanda, Septenil)er 28,1861, Miss Alary J., daughter of Horace and Debby A. Willey. Mr. Lantz is now engaged in general farming in Franklin; he enjoys the confi- dence of liis neighbor-s, and was at one time elected county auditor ; has also held several town offices; politically he is a Democi-at. HON. BARTHOLOMEW LAPORTE'(deceased) was one of the leading men of the county in his day, a grandson of 13arLholomew Laporte, a leader of the French colony that settled Asylum township — refugees from France in the close of the last centur^^ Bartholomew Laporte, Sr., came to this county in 1794, and made his settlement on tlie farm now owned partly by F. H. Hageman. The subject of this sketch was a son of John and Matilda (Chamberlam) Laporte. born on the old homestead in Frenclitown, January 25, 1823. He mai-ried, July 31, 1845, Emilv Terry, wiio was of tlie eminent family of Terrys whose names are indelibly connected with tlie early settlement of the north branch of the Susquehanna. To this marriage were born four chil- dren, two of whom are living, viz.: George B., born February 14, 1846, and Nancy M., born May 14, 1859. Of these, George B. married Amanda, daughter of John M. and Hannah (Mingos) Piatt, and they have three children : Emily G., born November 25, 1877; Nellie M., born September 14, 1879, and Jennie E., born October 24, 1881. Nancy M. Laporte is now Mrs. J. S. Bovingdon, of Buffalo, N. Y. Hon. Barthol- omew Laporte was during his life one of the prominent men of Brad- ford county; a strong leader of the Republican party, he was elected, and served with eminence three terms in the State Legislature, and died September 15, 1889. MICHAEL J. LARKIN, boot and shoe merchant, Towanda, was born in County Galway, Ireland. January 6, 1830, a son of James and Elizabeth (Martin) Larkin. His father came to America in 1835 and settled in Schuylkill county. Pa., where he engaged in mining, and died in the mines, May 18, 1854. Michael J. was reared in Ireland until fifteen years of age. He came to America in 1845, and joined his father in Schuylkill county. Pa., where he was employed as a slate picker, and later as a driver and miner, and followed mining more or less for twenty years, a ])art of the time in Barclay, tliis county, five years as a miner and two years as dock boss. He came to Towanda in 1868, where he was engaged in various business enterprises until 1871, when he embarked in the shoe business, in which he still con- tinues. Mr. Larkin married. May 9, 1852, Catherine, daughter of Michael and Mary (Burke) Welch, of Carbon county. Pa., by whom he has six children living, as follows: James, Elizabeth, Michael, Mary, Margaret and Joachim. Mr. Larkin is a member of the Catholic Church and is a well-known, representative citizen of Towanda. In politics he is a Republican. PETER LAYMAN, farmer. West Terry, P. O. Marshview, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, November 24, 1828, a son of Jacob and Barbara (Bros) Layman, the former of whom, who was a weaver of superior skill, and a man of sterling qualities, reared a family of six children (all of whom grew to maturity), and died in 1869, at the age of seventy-six years. The subject of this sketch, at the age of twenty- 060 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. four, in 1853, imin iterated to this conntrv, landino- at Castle Garden, N. Y. He remained one year in that city, aftei- which he came to Terry township, Bradford"^ Co., Pa., where he has since resided. In 185G, in company with a cousin, he purchased 100 acres of wild land, which they highly improved, and in 1877, Mr. Layman purchased his cousin's interest, now owning the entire property of 175 acres. These men, like other settlers in a new country, had to cut their way through the woods to the nearest mill, which in this case was Frenchtown. On November 14, 1858, Mr. Layman raari'ied Miss Margaret Brou^n, and there were born to them six children, all of whom are living, as follows : John J. (married to Miss Mary Williams), Agnes L (married to W. C. Jackson, and they have one child, a daughter), Charles F. (married to Eva Williams, and has one daughter), William IL, Henry L. and Frank. Mr. Layman became a citizen of this country in 1858, and has been a law-abiding one ever since; is honest in all his dealings with men ; has been elected to the office of town commissioner and school director; was also assessoi' three years. He was the principal mover in establishing the sciiool in his neighborhood, and is a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Politically he is a Republican. JOHN LEE, farmer, P. O. Franklindale, was born in Scotland in 1823, a son of Robert and Sarah (Boyd) Lee, the former a native of Ii-eland, the latter of Scotland. Mr. Lee came to this county in 1838, and located in Herrick township, where he resided thirty years. He owned a farm out West, which he divided between his sons; he entered the army in defense of his adopted country, March 15, 1864, for the term of three years, attaching himself to Compan}^ A, One Huntlred and Forty-first P. Y. L; was wounded at the battle of the Wihierness, after which he was discharged for disabilities. He now draws a pension of $30 per month, and is living on a small place belonging to his wife, whom he married in 1887. She was the widow of Charles Smith. Mr. Lee married, for his lirst wife, Miss Louisa, daughter of Thomas Bomp, by whom he had four cliildren — three sons and one daughter: Thomas, Frank, Harry and Phoebe, three of whom are married, and prospering in business, and all are living in this county. Mr. Lee enjoys good iiealth at the age of sixty-eight; in politics he is a Republican. JOSEPH P. LEE, blacksmith, Wyalusing, was born in Herrick, Bradford Co., Pa., and is a son of James and Jane (Daugherty) Lee. His parents were born in County Armagh, Ireland; his father was a clothier and his mother a tailoress; they came to this countr}'^ in 1829, and settled in New York City, where the father i-emained about eight years; then removed to New Milford, anti engaged in the business of manutacturing cloth, and later removed to Herrick, becoming a suc- cessful farmer of that section, and remained there until his deatli, which occurred in 1857; his widow sui-vived until 1879. Joseph P. Lee passed his boyhood on his father's farm, and attentled the common schools of Herrick, also two years at the Laceyville Academy. On July 9, 1851, he purchased a blacksmitii shop in Herrick, and hired men to work for him, and with them he learned his trade; here he remained until 18G5, when he went to Carroll county, III., where HISTORY OF n RADFORD COUNTY. 961 he was two years; then came back and opened an extensive shop at Campiown, using steam power; here lie manufactured wagons, besides doing general blacksmitliing, and worked a large force of men; from there he went to Athens, where he engaged in the livery business. In August, 188-1:, he came to Wyalusing township, and, with the excep- tion of two years spent on the road as traveling salesman, selling a tool of his own invention, he has passed his time here in general blacksmithing. Mr. Lee is a genius as regards mechanics, and has made that his constant study; has numerous inventions, the best of Avhich are the liglitning hoof shears, a device for trimming horses' hoofs without the use of the old-fashioned nippers and buttress; an expansive shoe for diseased feet; also a machine for cutting, punch- ing and u}isetting iron bars, all of wliich work to perfection, and are a perfect success. Mr. Lee married, March 10, 1860, Elizabeth, daughter of Lyman Matson, of Herrick, and they have a family of five chil- dren : Joseph L. (a traveling salesman in Nebraska); L3nTian M. (a furniture finisher in Waverly); William IL, Lizzie J. and Lulu E., the two latter at home. Mr. Lee is a stanch Republican, but has no offi- cial aspirations. As a horse-shoer he has no superior, and the numerous improvements which he has planned in histrade shows him to be a close student of the trade he follows. His hoof-shears are sold in every State and Territory, and in Canada, and his shear-punch, and upset does heavier work than any other machine now^ made, and is on an entirely new princi])le. THOMAS A. LEE, farmer and stock-raiser. Herrick township, was born November 8, 1835, on the farm he now owns. His father, James Lee, was born in County Monaghan, Ireland, August 8, 1801 ; he had two brothers w'ho came to this county about the same time, viz.: Thomas, who died in Nebraska, in 1884, and Eccles, who died in this county in 1881. When James Lee came to this country he located at New York City, w^iere he married, March -f, J 830, Jane Daugherty, a native of Ireland (whose family came to this State in 1831), and lived in New^ Milford, Susquehanna Co., Fa., nearly three years; then came to this county and purchased the farm now owned by his son, Thomas A. He devoted his whole life to farming and stock-raising ; was a deacon in the Baptist Church, and died in 1857, leaving six children, viz.: Margaret Jane (wife of David Nesbit), William E., Joseph P., James II. , Charles J., and the subject of these lines. Thomas A. Lee was educated in the district schools until his twentieth year, then went to Nebraska, and from there to Wisconsin, returning home in 1857. His father having died intestate, the farm was ap])raised, and he and his brother, James IL, took the property, after purchasing the rights of the other heirs, soon after they divided, Thomas A. taking fifty- three acres, on which ^vere the house and other outbuildings (built by his father in 18-19) since which time he has devoted his life to farming and stock-raising. He is a Republican in politics, and was jury com- missioner in 1870 and 1879; constable, one year; auditor, three 3^ears ; he is a member of the Baptist Church. Mr. Lee marrien- ard, embai'ked in the business of general nKM'chaiulising, which coii- tinued until 1874, when Mr. Maxwell retired; the business was con- tinued as Redington & Leonard until 1878, and up to February 7. 1801, as the Redington ik Leonard Co., and since as H. S, Leonard & HISTORY OF HRADFORD COUNTY. 96? Son. Mr. Leonard married, January 4, 1860, Ann E., daughter of Spencer and Amna (Austin) Crouch, of Corthmd, N. Y., and has two children, TIarry S. and Anna E. JVIr. Leonard is one of Troy's leading merchants, and an enterjM-ising and substantial citizen; he is a member of the Pi-esbyterian Church and L O. O. F.,an(l he is a llepublican. A. B. LEWIS, harness manufacturer, Wyalusing, was born in Del- aware county, N. Y., Januar}' 19, 1842, and is a son of James and Catherine (Belknap) Lewis, the former of whom was a native of Con- necticut, and the latter of New York. The father, who was a carpenter, but after many years turned his attention to farming and lumbering, removed, in i84T, from New York to Wyoming county, and from there to Bradford, in 1854, locating in Terry township, where he fol- lowed farming and lumbering until his death, in 1882, being then eighty -two years old; his wife died the following year, aged seventy- eight 3^ears. They had a family of eight children, viz.: Hannah, mar- ried to Abrara C. Crounce, a farmer of New York; Martha, married to Israel YanLuvanel, a lumberman, of Terry township; Ransaler, a lumberman and mill-ow^ner, of New Erie, Pa.; Sallie Ann, married to David A. Loomis, a carpenter, of New York; Aborn, who was a sol- dier in Company C, Fiftieth P. V. I., and was killed at Spottsylvania ; Joseph C, a farmer, of Battle Creek, Mich.; A. B , and Julia, married to Norman White, of Sullivan county. A. B. Lewis spent his boy- hood in Wyoming and Bradford counties, attending the common schools until he was seventeen years of age; was then apprenticed to learn the harness maker's trade, and worked over five years. On March 20, 1864, he enlisted in Company G, Fiftieth P. Y. X. I., and served until after the battle of Petersburg, participating in the follow- ing engagements: Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Ann, Cold Harbor, Nye River and Petersburg; during the battle of Petersburg, June 18, 1864, while in line of battle, and charging the enemy's works, he received a gunshot wound in the upjier portion of the left arm, which shattered the bone, leaving a permanent injurv, greatly impairing the use of the arm. He was taken from the battle field to Barrack Branch of Lincoln Hospital, and after two weeks was removed to Ches- nut Hill Hospital, Philadelphia, v.-here he remained about seven months; was then transferred to the Yeteran Reserve Corps, in which he served until mustered out. After returning home he commenced work, November, 1865, at his trade, and in the spring of 1867 he pur- chased the business of Mr. Towner, which he has since conducted alone ; his plant is supplied with modern machinery for the manufacture of hand-made harness, and his trade is extensive. Mr. Lewis was united in marriage April 4, 1868, with E. M. Adams, daughter of Lewis and Sal- lie (Robart) Adams; but two of the family are living, Mrs. Lewis and Mrs. Daniel Bennett, of New Albany, this county. To Mr. and Mrs. Lewis were born two children : Frank C, born in 1869, and who lived about eiglit years, and J. Burt, born March 2. 187.3, a student in Mil- ler's School of Commerce, at Elmira. Mr. Lewis is a member of White Lilly Lodge, No. 808, I. O. O. F.. and has taken all the subordi- nate degrees, and has passed all the chairs ; is a member of Jackson 9o8 HISTORY OF KKADFORI) COUNTY. Post, No. 74, G. A. R., and is past commander of the same; in politics he is a Republican, and has filled various town and borough offices. C. J. LEWIS, the well-known merchant of AVyalusing borough, the senior member of the firm of C. J. Sz E. D. Lewis, one of the largest firms in the township, was born October 17, 1850, in AYyalnsing town- ship, son of Augustus and Sarah L (Stone) Lewis, who are yet liv- ing, residing in the borough. His ))arents had a family of seven children: of whom four are deceased ; those living are G. M., an attorney of Wilkes-Barre; Sarah, wife of J. V. Taylor, farmer and stock-dealer, of Wyalusing, and C. J. The father of our subject devoted the greater portion of his life to mercantile pursuits, commencing business m Wyalusing in IS-iO and continuing there until 1877, when he retired, selling to his son C. J., who had thus ])assed almost his entire life in Wyalusing. C. J. Lewis was educated in the Wyalsuing schools, Towanda Collegiate Institute and Wyoming Seminary, gradua- tino- from the latter in 1870, and entered business associated with his father under the firm name of A. Lewis & Son, which firm continued until 1875, when it was changed to A. Lewis & Co., J. Mills Brown purchasing an interest in tiie same; thus they continued until 1877, when A. Lewis reticed.and it became Lewis & Brown until 1883, when Mr. Brown sold ; then, until 1886, it was C. J. Lewis, when E. D. Lewis purchased a one-half interest, and the firm has since been C. J. ife E. D. Lewis. Their store is the first one started within what is now the borough of Wyalusing, and has had a continuous existence of over fifty years, the firm are probably the largest dealers in hay and country- produce in the county. Mr. C. J. Lewis was united in marriage, Xovember 18, 1879, with iMarion Fasset, daughter of Charles Fasset, of Scottsviile. Pa. He is a charter member of White Lilly Lodge, No. 808, I, O. O. F.. and has taken all tiie degrees; he is an active member of the Presbyterian Church, and is a stanch Republican, but not a seeker after political spoils. He owns a handsome residence on Front street, besides other village property. E. D. LEWIS, junior member of the firm of C. J. and E. D. Lewis, merchants, Wyalusing. was born April 11, 1859, a son of Elisha and Piiilena (Stevens) Lewis, the former of whom is yet living. His father's family consisted of four children, of whom two died in infancy, W. E., a farmer, of AVyalusing, and E. D. being the only ones left. E. D. Lewis spent iiis boyhood at Merryall, where he attended the common schools until he was seventeen, when he entered the Collegiate Institute. He was graduated in the commercial class of that institution in 1877. and then came to Wyalusing and entered the eiMplov of Lewis ik Brown as clerk, remaining with them until 1882, when he entered the employ of .1. Hay iV: Sons, of Easton, as com- mercial salesman, with whom he was one yeai", and then returned to Wyalusintr, re-entering the em])loy of Lewis radford Co.. Pa., in December, 1845, a son of John and Lemira (McKean) Lilley, natives of Vermont and Burlington, this countv, res])ectively. John Lilley, Jr., was the son of John Lilley, of Irish extraction, who came to America and located in Columbia town- ship, where he followed farming until the time of his death. John, Jr., lived in Columbia sixteen years, after which he removed to Alba, where he lived the rest of his 3'ears, and died in Canton, in 1885; his familv numbered eight children — six sons and two daughters — seven of whom grew to maturit}^ and five of whom are now living. This family is the result of two marriages, four children by each wife. Our subject is the fifth in order of birth of the family, and the first child by the second wife; he was reared and educated at Alba, and has always followed farming. At the age of twenty-five, October 12. 1870, he married Nancy E., daughter of Daniel and Charlotte Randall, natives of this county. They have an adopted son, Carl, who is now seven- teen years of age. Mr. Randall owns and operates a gristmill, almost one and one-half miles east of Canton. Mr, Lilley is a general farmer living on seventy acres of fertile land, and has his farm well stocked with Jersevs (registei-ed). When twenty years of age he entered the army, in Company G, One Hundred and Twelfth Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery Volunteers, for a term of thi'ee years, of which he served two. He was wounded in front of Petersburg, June 1, 1864, was honorably discharged, and now draws a pension. He is a member of the G, A, R, Post; the Church of Christ, at LeRoy, and also of the Grange Association, and has been honored with offices of trust by his fellow-citizens; politically he is a Republican, MIAL E. LILLEY, attorney and counselor at law, Canton, is a native of Canton township, this county, born INIa}'^ 30, 1850, a son of Eben and Emeline (Slade) Lille3\ the former a native of Columbia township, the latter of Fall River, Mass, Eben Lilley was a farmer. HISTORY OF BRADFOllD COUNTY. 973 and served a full term as treasurer of I^radford county, and died in October, 181)0, in his seventy-sixth year; the mother died in 1872, in her tifty-seventh yeai'. They were the parents of live children, of whom our subject is the fourth. He received his education in both public and private schools in his native place, and was a farmer-boy until nineteen years of age, when he went to learn the blacksmith's trade, in which employment he remained seven years, when the condition of his health made it imperative to seek other occujiation ; so, while pounding hot iron, and vigorously thinking for himself, he decided to commence reading law^, and in 1878 entered the law office of J. W. Stone, in Can- ton, as a student of Blackstone and Coke-upon-Littleton. In 1880 he was an applicant, and having passed an examination successfully, he was licensed an attorney of the Bradford county bar, and, from that day to the present, has been actively engaged in his profession, lie is recognized as strong on the "stump," and yet stronger in the councils of his party, and, as chairman of the Republican County Com- mittee, he has carried the weight of heavy responsibilities; and, in times of unusual party disturbances, he has performed every duty with signal ability and" fidelity. Here his labors have not only been responsible and pecuniarily profitless, but extremely onerous; but his presence and guidance have constantly been called for in every voting district in the county, and liis prompt response to everv demand has signalled everj^ hour of the incumbency of his position. Compara- tively a young man in both law and |)olitics, he is yet well known as a leader. 'He married, in Liberty, Tioga Co., Pa., in' 1874, Mary, daugh- ter of J. W. and Elizabeth (Irwin) Childs. Her father was a native of Clearfield, and her mother of Tioga county, and are residents of Cedar Run, Lycoming Co., where he is a lumberman. Mrs. Lilley was born August 21:, 185G, and was the second in a family of eig-ht chil- dren. Five children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Lilley, of whom two are living, J.Roy and Floy, who, with their parents, worship at the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Lilley is a member of Canton Lodge, No. 415, F. & A. M., Troy Chapter, No. 261, and Troy Com- mandery, also of the I. O. O. F., Canton Lodge, No. 321, and has passed all the chairs. He was the nominee of his party, in 1890, for the office of prothonotary of the county, but suffered defeat with his ticket, on account of divisions in the ))artv. JACOB A. LINDERMAN, farmer, P"; O. Troy, was born in Ithaca, N. Y., October 5, 1819, and is a son of Isaac and Elizabeth (Landon) Linderman, and of German descent. He was reared in Tompkins county, N. Y., and in 1839 removed to Bradford county, with head- quarters at Canton, and operated the first threshing machine used in this county. In May, 1842, he married Olive M., daughter of David and Rachel (Hayden) Williams, of Troy township, and has had four children: Alvin K., James, Edith (Mrs.^Thaddeus Wolfe) and George. Mr. Linderman has been a resident of Troy since 1842, and for thirty- four years lived on the farm he now occupies; has held the office of town commissioner six years in succession; politically he is a Democrat. DENTON G. LINDLEY, farmer, is a native of Canton township, this county, born September 28, 1844, a son of Solomon Lindley, who was 974 HISTORl OF BRADFORD COUNTY. born in Rutland, Vt., August 22, 1809. The paternal grandparents were David and Ann (Brown) Lindley, natives of Vermont. David Lindley moved to Canton township, this county, in 1812, wherelie died, in 1800,in his sixtieth 3'ear; his widow died in 1871, in her sixty -first year. Solomon Lindley, who still resides on the old homestead, was three years of age when ills parents moved to tiiis county; they settled near where East Canton now stands, which was then a dense wilderness, and they had to buikl a log cabin to put tlie sheep in at night, to protect them from wolves; his father, David Lindlev, opened the road from Canton to Ualston, and drove the first wagon over it. Solomon J^indley was married in Danby, K. Y., in 1833. to Lavina, daughter of Jonas and Abigal (Knapp) Weed, natives of Connecticut. Jonas Weed was a soldier in the War of 1812. Mrs. Weed lived to the advanced age of one hundred and one years. Mrs. Lindley is the 3'oungest in a family of eleven children, and was born in Connecticut, September 5, 1810. Denton G., who is the youngest in order of birth of five children, was reared on the farm where he now resides, receiving a common-school education, and has made farming and dairying his occupation, giving some attention to Jerse}^ registered stock. lie was married in Alba, this county, in 1866, to Egestie, daughter of Oliver and Lovina (Everhart) Wilson, natives of Canton township and Bucks county. Pa., respectively; she is the younger of two children, and was born in Alba, June 10, 1849. To Mr. and Mrs. Lindley were born four children: Carrie, Guy, Paul E. and Lottie. Responding to the call of his country, Mr. Lindley enlisted, x\ugust 20, 1861, in Company I, One Hundred and Sixth Eegiment, P. Y. I., and he participated in the following battles: Peninsular cam|)aign, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Antie- tam, Chancellorsville. At Cold Harbor, June 2, 1864, the day before the battle, while on picket duty, Gen. Owens, commander of the Second Cor|is, nuide a pi'oposition to those on picket duty, that anyone Avho would burn a church, where Kebel shar))-sho()ters were located, he would excuse from duty one nionih and ))romote to captain on his staff. Mr. Lindley succeeded in burning a church, about four o'clock r. m. that day (June 2, 1864). lie was shot through the arm, next day, at the battle of Cold Harbor, and June 3 was sent to McClellan Hospital, Philadeli)hia, where he remained three months, and then rejoined his command, and served until the close of the war. While at the hospital Gen. Owens Avas ti-ansfei'red to another command, so he was never i-ewarded for his daring act of bravery. He was mustered out in Philadelphia, in August, 1865. He is a member of theG. A. P., Ingham Post, No. 91, and a member of the LTnion Veteran Legion; politicall}^ he is a Pepui)lican. SIIELI)ON H. LINDLEY. county commissioner, Canton, was born in Canton, this county, February 28, 1836, and is a son of Jose])h and Lovina B. (Manley) Lindley. His ])aternal grandfather, David Lindley, was a native of Vermont, and a ])ioneer of Canton, settling on the farm now owned by Sheldon H. and Denton G. Lindley, where he made consideral>le improvements, and died. His children were six in number, as follows: Cynthia (Mrs. Horace Stone), Joseph, Solo- mon, Hiram, John and Celinda (Mrs. Simeon Powers). Of these, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 975 Joseph succeeded to a part of the homestead, and hved and died on the same farm. His wife was a daughter of Thomas and Betsy (Wright) Manley, by whom he had nine children, as follovvs: Char- lotte (Mrs. Capt. James Ingham), Sheldon H., Hiram, Helen (Mrs. Charles Spalding), Lorena (Mrs. Chester Thomas, Jr.). Ann (Mrs. Bur- ton Montgomery), Marion (Mrs. D. J. Manley), Eliza (Mrs. Addison Wilson), and Isadore (Mrs. Theron Sweet), all of whom are living; us are also the eleven children of Thomas Manley. The father added largely to the acreage of the old homestead, clearing and improvino- much of it, and died there in 1884. Sheldon H. Lindley, the subject of this sketch, succeeded him to the homestead, on which he has resided since ISGS. He married, December 17, 1857, Josephine, daughter of Chester and Thankfull (Stevens) Thomas, of Canton, by whom he had six children, as follows: Helen (deceased), Fannie (Mrs. Edward Colwell), Thomas, Jozy, Chester, anti Emma (deceased). Mr. Lindley is a member and trustee of the Presbyterian Churcli at Can- ton, is now serving his second tei-m as commissioner of Bradford countv, and in politics is a Republican. ANTHONY LODER, brewer, Towanda, was born in Wurtem- berg, Germany, August 27, 1823, and is a son of Joseph and Josephine (Meyer) Loder. lie was reared in his native province, where he learned the brewers' and malsters' trade. In 1852 he came to Amer- ica, and in the spring of 1853 settled in AUentown, Pa., where he was in the employ of different breweries for several years, and in 1858-59 was in business for himself there; in 1860 he removed to Towanda, where he erected a brewei'y,and has since conducted a successful busi- ness — manufacturing from 1,200 to 1,400 bai'rels of beer annually. In 1857 Mr. Loder married, in AUentown, Pa., Veronica Rotlier, formerly of Germany, by whom he has one son living, Anthony, Jr., born July, 1860, and married, in 1885, to Clara, daughter of Valentine Smith, of Dushore, Pa.; they have three children, viz.: Catherine, Veronica and Gertrude. Mr. Loder, Sr., married (for his second wife) Catherine Bing, of Dushore, Pa., by whom he has two children, as follows: Mary and Annie. Mr. Loder and family are members of the Catholic Church ; in politics he is a Democrat. NATHAN LOEWUS, a prominent, leading dry -goods merchant, Towanda, was born in Bohemia, Austria, March 19,*^ 1852, and is a son of Simon and Hannah (Sattler) Loewus. He was reared and educated in his native country, where he also learned the tanner's trade, and came to America in 1872, landing in New York City, where he worked at his trade two years, and later at Tunkhannock, Pa., five years. In 1879 he located at Towanda, where he engaged in the drs^-goods and notion business, and later added a crockery department, in which he successfully continued up to the fall of 1890. " During the year 1890 he erected the Loewus Block, one of the finest buildings in Towanda, and, in October of the same year, embarked therein, in the dry-goods, carpet, cloak, and millinery business, and carries one of the largest and most select stocks to be found in Bradford county, occu- pying two large floors to transact his business, and accommodate his large and increasing trade. Mr. Loewus was mariied, November 15, 97G HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUKTY. 1874, to Hannah, daughter of Yiet and Esther (Hermann) Loewy, of Bohemia, and has three children, viz.: Estelle, Bernard and Gertrude. Mr. Loeu'us is one of Towanda's enterprising and leading citizens, and is a member of the Jewish Synagogue and Jewish Society of New York, of the I. O. O. F. of Towanda, and in politics he is a Democrat. ALONZO LON(t (deceased) was a native of Wilmington, Yt., born March 4, 180G, and died in this county in 1867. He \vas a son of Maj. Ezra and Lydia (Alford) Long, natives of Wilmington, who came to Troy, this county, about 1812. Maj. Long was engaged in the mer- cantile, milling and distillery businesses, and buili the ''Troy House;'-' was a prominent Freemason. Their family consisted of five sons and three daughters, two of whom. Philander and Ezra, received a classical education, Ezra graduating at Union College. Alonzo Long came with his family to Troy, then called Sugar Creek, when he was five years of age; he was a farmer, and was engaged in the saw and grist mills and real estate businesses. He was married in Athens, April 28, 1833, to Mary, daughter of Fi-ancis and Anna (McDuffee) Tyler, the latter of whom was born near Belfast, Ireland, and came to this county when three years of age. Francis Tyler was a native of Athens. He pur- chased a tract of land near Athens, farmed and dealt extensively in lumber and rafting on the river; served as constable; also organized the first State Bank in Waverly ; he was presidential elector in the Taylor campaign, Mr. Tyler died in Athens in 1871, in his eighty- fifth year. Mrs. Mary Long was the eldest in a family of six children; was born in Athens, September 25, 1811, and died in Trov, March 16, 1890 ; she was a member of the Presbyterian Church, Troy. To Mr. and Mrs. Long were born seven childi-en, three of whom are living, as follows: Martha J., Frederick A. and Fannie E. F. Miss Martha J. Long removed fi-om Troy to Athens in the fall of 1868, and is engaged in fai-ming, gardening and horticultural work. Her extensive and elegant green iiouses are situated in the outskirts of the borough of Athens. MAKTIX J. LONG, of Stevens c*c Long, wholesale and retail grocers, Towanda, was born in Burlington, this count}', August 9, 1833, and is a son of John F. and Hannah L. (Merrick) Long. His paternal grandfather was James Long, a native of New England, and a pioneer of Burlington township, where he cleared and improved a farm ; he also kept a hotel, and resided in that township until his deatli : his children were John F. and Nancy (Mrs. Lsaac Cash). John F. succeeded to the hotel business of his father and also carried on a fai-m, became a prominent and re]>resentative citizen, antl served two terms as associate judge with Hon. David Wilmot ; his children were five in number, as follows: Philander, Martin J., Mason, Celia and Albert. Martin J. Long, the subject of this sketch, was reared in Burlington, received an academical education, and began life as a teacher in the common schools. In 1853 he came to Towanda, where he was clerk in a general store two years. In 1856 he embarked in the general mer- chandise business at Burlington with his father and bcother. Philander, under the firm name of J. F. Long ct Sons, which partnership existed up to 1866 ; from 1866 to 1870 it was known as Long Brothers. In HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 977 1807 Mv. Long located in Towanda, and engaged in the grocei'v busi- ness with George L. Keeler under the lirm name of Long & Keeler. In 18»i9 Mr. Keeler sold his interest to George Stevens, since which time the lirm has been Stevens & Long. Mr. Long is married and has two daughters. He is a member of the Universalist Church, has been school director of Towanda for twelve years, and is a Republican. FRANK LOOMIS, editor and proprietor of the Troy Register^ was born in Troy township, this county, May 5, 1856, and is the eldest child and only son of Ed. E. and Louisa Loomis. The other children are Mrs. Jennie Fanning, wife of A. C. Fanning, Esq., and Miss Edith. His father was for many years a leading merchant of West Burlington and Troy, and is a descendant of one of the early settlers of Troy township, and his grandfather, Ely Loomis, originally came here from Connecticut. His mother, who died in 1876, was a daughter of Ira P. Ballard, also one of the earl}" settlers of Tro}^ township. Frank's boy- hood was spent in West Burlington, where he attended the district school, and assisted his father about the store, during vacations. After the family removed to Troy, he attended the graded school several terms, and afterward went into his father's dry-goods store as salesman. After serving several years as salesman, he was for about two years in partnership with E. S. Bailey and A. C. Fanning, in the dry-goods trade. In 1880, having a great liking for the printing business, he set uj) a job printing office, and in 1881 established the Troy Register^ a weekly local paper, which was well received by the people, and proved a success from the start. The paper was first printed on an old Washington hand-press, in a small room, but larger quarters and better facilities were soon needed. New machinery and material have been added at various times, as the business grew,untilJanuary, 1891, when still more room was needed, and the line large brick double store of the Enterprise Manufacturing Company was purchased, and the office moved into the same. The building is located on thecorner of Canton and Railroad streets, and, with the excellent machinery and printing- material, makes one of the linest country offices in the State. In 1878 Mr. Loomis married Miss Marie, daughter of Rev. Wm. W. Andrews, of Waverlv, N. Y., and thev have two sons, Edward and Ralph. HON. MILTON O. LOOMIS, farmer, P. O. East Troy, was born in Troy township, this county, January 28, 18-13, a son of Ezra and Harriet (Pratt) Loomis. His paternal grandfather, formerly of Con- necticut, settled in what is now Troy township about 1803, locating on the farm now owned by his heirs and J. R. Vannoy, and cleared and improved the property, consisting of 175 acres, and resided there until his death in 1847. His wife was Mary Goddard, by whom he had nine children; Marilla (Mrs. P. C. AVilliams), Alvin, Eley, Orrin, Lucy (Mrs. George Fritcher), Harriet (Mrs. Gough), Caroline (Mrs. Leonard Upham), Ezra and Luther. His maternal grandparents were Asa and Celia (Leonard) Pratt, formerly of Massachusetts and pioneers of Can- ton township, this county; his grandmotlier, C^elia (Leonaid) Pi'att, was a daughter of Tilley Leonard, a pioneer of Burlington township. Ezra Loomis was boi'n in Troy township, has always followed farm- ing as an occupation, and occupies a part of the old homestead, settled 978 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUKTY. by liis father; he served as commissioner of Bradford county one tei'ni, and also held various township offices. His children were: Mil- ton O., Lucian E., Gertrude, Florence (Mrs. L. F. Calkins), Helen (Mrs. Willis K Smiley) and Arthur E. Milton O. Loomis, the subject of this sketch, was reared in Troy township, where he has always resided; he received a common-school education, and has always fol- lowed farming-. He was married November 2, 1869, to Sarah, daughter of Adin and Sophia (Spear) Calkins, of Springfield township, and has two children : Grace and Clem A. In 1884, Mr. Loomis was elected one of the commissioners of Bradford county, and served one term of three years. In the fall of 1888 he was elected representative to the State Legislature from the Western District of Bradford county, and served with credit to himself and constituents. He is a Iloyal Arch Mason, and a member of the G. A. R. He enlisted in September, 1864, in Company K, Second Xew York (Harris' Light) Cavalry, and participated in the battles of Cedar Creek, Waynesboro, Harper Farm, Sailor Creek, Five Forks, Appomattox, and other engagements, and was honorably discharged as first corporal of his company. June 7, 1865 ; politically Mr. Loomis has alwavs been a stanch Republican. XOAIL LOOMIS, farmer, of Granville township, P. O. Windfall, was born in Granville, this county, ]\[ay 9, 1886, and is a son of John and Adeline (Haxton) Loomis. His ))aternal grandfather. Augustus Loomis, was a pioneer of Canton township, while his father, John, was a native of Geneva county, N. Y., and an early settler of Granville township, tb.is county, and cleared and improved the farm now owned bv S. S. Packard, and died there in 1866. His children were Lvdia (Mrs. Warren Bagley), Hannah (Mrs. Milo Webster). Seth, Noah, Sherman. John and Angeline (Mrs. Alpha Stone). Noah was reared in Granville, and cleared a ))art of the farm he now occupies, and made all the improvements in buildings. His wife was Margaret, daughter of Silas and Sally (Ayres) Packard, of Canton township, by whom he had three children: Maude (Mrs. D. II. Stone), Cora nnd Lylis K. Mr. Loomis enlisted in the Civil War, in Company I, Fif- teenth New York Engineers, September 15, 1864, and after nine months' service was honorably discharged; he is a prominent farmer of Gi";inville. and in ])olitics is a Re])ublican. SETH LOOMIS, farmer, Franklin township, P.O. West Franklin, was born in Canton, September 26, 1833. and is a son of John and Ade- line (Haxton) Loomis, the former of whom was born in Genesee Valley, N. Y., and the latter near Boston, Mass. John Loomis is the son of Augustus, a native of New York State, who came to this county about 1806, when his son was ten years old ; he located in Canton on what is now called the " Sellard Place," owned by John Innes, and lived there until he tiled, in 1841, After his death his son removed to Granville, where, like his father, he followed farming; he resided in this townshi]) until his death, in 1866, dying in his sixty-lifth year. He had seven children — four sons and three daughters — all of whom grew to maturity, and live of whom are now living. The sub- ject of these lines is the second in the family, and always lived and worked on the farm ; he was reared and educated at (Ji-anville, where HISTORY OF I5RADF0R1) COUNTY. 9T9 lie first began his farm life. He married, at Granville, in 185'), Miss Ann, dauf,rliter of Biglow and Martha Fenton, natives of Vermont, and there have been born to them seven children, viz.: Henry, married to Miss Mamie Flemming; Martha, married to Mr. Dwight Vroman; Rose, married to Chenie Preston; Marion H.; John ; Adeline and Eva May, all of whom are living. Mr. Loorais removed from Granville to LeKoy, and from LeRoy to Franklin, where he has lived the last four years. In 1862 he entered the army, in Company M, Seventh P. V. C, for the term of three years, and was discharged on account of disabilities, and now draws a pension ; he is a member of a G. A. R. Post. FRED LOWE, of Seward & Co., Say re, is a native of Onondaga county, N. Y., and was born, March 16,'l853. His parents are John and Sarah (Hamilton) Lowe, the former a native of England, and the latter of New York State. His father is a miller and resides in Madi- son county, N. Y. His great-grandfathers, Hamilton and Henry, were soldiers in the Revolutionary War. Fred Lowe, who is the fourth in a family of nine children, received a good common-school education, learned the machinist's ti-ade, and worked at the carpenter's trade in his native county, where he remained until 1875, when he came to Sayre, and engaged in the planing-rnill business, which he has followed since. He was married in Canastota, N. Y., in 1875, to Miss Lizzie, daughter of Cornelius and Ellen Doyle, natives of Canada, where she was born in 1858; she died in 1881, 'leaving one daughter, Edith. Mr. Lowe mai-ried again in leister, in 1885, his second' wife being Selia, daughter of Daniel and Mary (Taylor) Bump, natives of Pennsylvania. She is the fourth in a family of nine children, and was born December 30, 1859, and has one daughter. Bertha. Mrs. Lowe is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Lowe is a member of the F. & A. M., Rural Amity Lodge, i\o. 70; also belongs to the Iron Hall, and is a Republican. WILLIAM T. LOYD, farmer, LeRoy township, P. O. ^Vest LeRov, was born in AVayne county, Pa., February 19, 1835, a son of Anthony and Catherine (Howey) Loyd, natives of ^ Wayne county. Our subject came to this county with liis aunt, Mrs. Jaiie (Howev) Quick, when three years old, making his home with her. He was educated m Wil- niot, Bradford county, and is a self-made man, having struggled with and conquered adversity in early life. He engaged in rafting on the Susquehanna river, but followed farming to some extent. On Decem- ber 29. 1858, he married Arloa, daughter of Samuel and Christiana Dimock, at Towanda. Her father, a carpenter, has lived in this county since 1808, and is now eighty-four years of age, and resides with his daughter. To Mr. and Mrs." Loyd" were born two sons: Samuel D., born February 9, 1860, and W. N., born April 10, 1868. Mr. Loyd is a prosperous farmer, owning a tract of eighty -six acres, most of which is under cultivation. He is a Republican in'politics, and is a member of the Patriotic Sons of America; is a member of the Methodist Epis- copal Church. G. M. LLTLL, ])assenger conductor, Lehigh Yallev Railroad, Savre, is a native of Llartland, Windsor Co., Yt., and was born February 2, 980 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1841, the Hfth in the family of seven children of Austin and Mary Ann (Kelly) Lull, natives of Yermont. The father, who was a hotel and livery stable keeper, died in Tunkhannock in 1882, in his seventy- sixth year; the mother died in 1878 in her seventy-first year. The family removed to Tunkhannock in May, 1851, where our subject received his education in the city schools. He enlisted March 8, 1862, in Company B, Fifty-second P. V. I., and some of the many engage- ments lie participated in were the battles of Seven Pines (Fair Oaks), "White Oak Swamp, Malvern Plill, and siege of Charleston, his regiment being the first troops to land in Charleston after the evacuation. He was mustered out at Beaufort, S. C, March 29, 1805, returned home, and attended Lowell's Commercial College at Binghamton, N. Y., about one year. Thence he went to Tunkhannock, and engaged in the hotel business two years; from there he moved to Cape May with his brother-in-law Geo. J. Bolton, who had charge of the "Columbia House," and was there two seasons. Returning home he clerked in a hotel two years, and then went to Pittston, and was proprietor of a restaui'ant over a year. In 1873 he began work on the L. Y. R. R. as brakenian, and was promoted to conductor on second-class trains in 1S75, and continued as such until 1883, when he was promoted to passenger conductor, which position he has held ~ince. Mr. Lull was married in Tunkhannock, in 1861, to Miss Julia A., daughter of William and Parmelia (]\[ackey) Bolton. Mr. Bolton was editor and jiroprietor of the first paper published in Tunkhannock, Wyoming Co., Pa. Mrs. Lull is the fifth in a family of seven children. To the mar- ringe of Mr. and Mrs. Lull Avere born six children, as follows: Ada B., George M., Jr., George E., Maud. Afay and M. Howard. Mrs. Lull is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mi-. Lull is a member of tlie F. & A. M., Temple Lodge, No. 248, Tunkhannock; of the Order of Railway Conductors, Waverly, and B. P. O. E., No. 109, of Wilkes- ]'>arre He is a Democrat in politics. GEORGE LUNN, farmer, Windham township, P. O. Windham, is a native of that township, l)orn March 4, 1836, a son of Jesse and Almira (Darling) Lunn, natives of Massachusetts, originally of Eng- lish extraction, and of the agricultural class, who came to Bradford county, locating in Windham township, where they spent the remain- der of their davs, the mother dying in 1872, the father surviving until 1880; they had a family of seven children, of whom George is the third. He grew to manhood on his father's farm, where thei'c was an abundance of toil, and l)ut few opj)ortun.ities for education. He has successfully won his way in life, and resides on liis farm of four acres, all of which is highly cultivated and well improved. In 1864 he enlisted in the Union army in the Fiftieth Engineers, Company E, and with ins command went at once to the front, and was busy building bridges for the Army of the Potomac. The severe exposure brought on sickness and permanent ill health, and he is now the i-ecipient of a j)ension. \\v s(;i'ved until the end of tiie war, and with the great army of civilian soldiers i-cturned to his farm and its lal)ors. Mr. Lunn was mari-ie, 1864, and rejoined his regiment in front of Petersburg in February, 1865. Since the war he has followed his trade of cabinet-maker, and been a resident of Towanda. Since August, 18T1, he has been contin- uously in the employ of one tirm. Mr. Lyon was nuiri'ied, August 16, 1865, to Harriet A.^ daughter of Julius and Freelove (Lyon) Morgan, of Allegany county, N. Y.. and has had ten children, viz.: Mary F,, Frederick (died in infancy), LeKoy, Walter, Charles, Edward, Eobert, Susan, Kichard and Maud. Mr, Lyon is a prominent member of the G. A. It., and is one of the charter members of Watkins Post, jNo. 68, Department of Pennsylvania, at Towanda, and has hekl every office in the Post, from commandant down, and is now adjutant, »vhich position he has held three years; and is also a member of the Union Veteran Legion, Encampment No. 28, Athens. Pa. He has been a member of the Franklin Fire Company, of Towanda, since 1856; is also a member of the K. of L., and politically he is a liepublican. SAMUEL LYON, retired farmer and capitalist, East Towanda, was born in Seekonk, Mass., September 28, 1807, and is a son of Samuel and Olive (Perry) Lyon, natives of Massachusetts and of New Eno-Jand origin ; his o-randfather, great-grandfather and great- great-grandfather were all named Samuel Lyon. In his father's family there were four sons and four daughters, viz.: Benjamin (deceased), Nancy (deceased), Olive (deceased), Samuel, Amy (deceased), George (a retired farmer, Ow^ego, N. Y.), Cynthia (widow of Elijah Reed, and living with her son in East Greenwich, R. I.), and Ezra P. (who is very wealthy, and is living a retired life in Providence, R. I.). Samuel, who was reared on the farm and educated in the common school, began life for himself at the age of seventeen, work- ing a turning lathe, which he followed two years, and then went to work in a machine shop in Slatersville, R. L, where he remained four years. In 1830 he came to Bradford county, and located in Warren township, buying 200 acres of land from Cyrus Grant for $1.50 per acre. This farm he reduced from a dense forest to an excellent state of cultivation, and lived thereon thirt\^-two years; then sold it to his brother, Benjamin. After living in Potterville one and one-half years, he purcliased the Belding farm, north of LeRaysville, where he lived nine years, and then removed into LeRaysville and lived there eight years, after which he removed to his present home, which he purchased of E. C. Gridley. Mr. Lyon was married, September 23, 1830, to Miss Asenath P., daughter of Howlen Slade. of Slatersville, R. I., and of English-Quaker origin. Their familv consisted of two children: Samuel, born May 15, 1833 (was a dry-goods merchant in Owego, and died December 21, 1872, leaving one child, Carrie); Caro- line C., born November 27, 1835 (was married to James Elsbree, of Windham, who died, leaving two children: John F. (deceased), and Nelson N.. of Orwell; she married, for her second husband, S. N, Bronson, of Orwell). Mrs. Asenath P. (Slade) Lyon died August 23, 1843, and Mr. Lyon married, July 11, 1844, Hannah H., daughter of Noah and Alice^ (Taylor) Makinson, natives of England. By this 980 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. union there were three children: William M., born February 6, 1851, (lied j\[arch 2, 1851; Margaret A., born November 8, 1852, married Henry I. Hutchinson, of Pike; and Sarah Ann, born October 22, 185-1:, mari'ied Perclval P. Watson, with whom she lived but one vear (they had one child, Alice H., born March 2J:, 1877; Sarah Ann and her daughter are now living with Mr. Lyon, at East Towanda). The Lyon family are all connected with the Presbyterian Church, and in politics are Republicans. S. W. LYON, of the firm of Lyon & Watts, dealers in groceries, queensware, boots and shoes, Canton, is a native of Armenia township, this county, born August 25, 1840, a son of William and Rachel (Scouten) Lyon, natives of Delaware county, N. Y. The father was a farmer, and died at Canton in 1886, in his sixty-third year ; the mother still survives and resides in Canton. Mr. Lyon, who is the second in a family of five children — three sons and two daughters — was reared in his native ]ilace, went to Sylvania where he resided two 3'ears, from there to Ward township, Tioga Co., Pa., where he remained until 1877, when he removed to Towanda, and ran the stage line between Towanda and Canton for four years, then moved to Canton and engaged in his present business, in August, 1881. with W. L. Seldon. On January 8, 1891, the firm changed to Lyon & AYatts. In December, 1871, in Troy, Mr. Lyon married Laura, daughter of DeWitt and Clarinda (Wootl) Morgan, natives of Connecticut and this county, respectively (she was born in Armenia township in July, 1856, and is the third in order of birth in a f ami h'^ of seven children — three sons and four daughters). To Mr. and Mrs. Lyon were born three children: Lewis, Walter and Ral|)h. Mrs. Lyon is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Politically Mr. Lyon is a Democrat. ISAAC LYONS, retired farmer and mill-owner, P. O. Allis Hol- low, was born in Sheshequin, this county, December 1, 1815, and is a S(m of John and Jemima (Horton) Lyons, the former of whom Avas boi-n in September, 1875, in the first house built in Ithaca, N. Y.; he was married at the age of twenty-eight, and came at once to this county, his wife being a daughter of Richard Horton. The father was a farmer and lumberman, and had a family of eight children, viz.: Isaac, Richard (died April 10, 1859), Joim, Elizal)eth (married to Mahu Horton), Rachel (married to John Bish), Anna J. (married to Christ- mas Ilanesworth), Diana (married to Alonzo Parns) and Mahala (mar- ried to F. M. Maynard). Isaac Lyons spent his bo3'hood in Standing Stone, attended the district schools, his first teacher being Abraham Westbrooks; he remembers the building of the first school-house, which was erected when he was aged ten years. He improved over 200 acres of land, and now owns about 400 acres; he has always owned his own sawmill, which has stood on the spot it now occupies about fortv-three vears. He commenced his struij-cjle with fortune, with no cai)ital except good health, strong arms and a stout heart, and has an ample fortune. Mr. Lyons was united in marriage, November 12, 1837, with Minerva, daughter of Reuben and Sarah (Norton) Grif- fin, and to them have been born three childrpn, viz.: Adelbert G., born in 1888, died in infancy; Sarah, born June 9, 1843, married to Joseph HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 987 Tuttle [see sketch of Joseph W. Tuttle] ; Aiigenora, mai'i'led to George Allis. Mrs. Lyons (lied March T, 1S72, since which time tlie daughter has kept the iiousehold. ]\[r. Lyons is in faith with the Universahst Cliurcli ; is a member of the National Grange, and of the V. & A. M. Politically he is a Uepublican, and has been constable ;ind collector, assessor and scliool director. In 18G1 he was elected county commis- sioner. Ml-. Lyons has always been a careful and conscientious busi- ness man, and made his fortune by the slow and sure way of hard labor, not by specahation; is scrupulously honest, and is probably as well known as any resident of this count}^, and commands the respect and esteem of all. HUGH MoCABE, farmer and stoclc-grower, P. O. North Rome, is a leading farmer of Itome township, and of the county. He was born in County Monaghan, Ireland, May 8, 1831, and is a son of George and Nancy (Donaldson) McCabe. His boyhood he spent on a farm in Ireland, attending schools of his native county, where he received a good knowledge of the common branches. He came to this county in 1849, and worked for his brothers, James and GJeorge, on the farm he now occupies ; tlien rented the farm and worked it five years, when he purchased it, and now owns about 290 acres, well improved ; the house, wiiich contains fifteen rooms, was built in 1868; he has culti- vated about 150 acres, and the farm is well-stocked, in fact one of the best in the township. He enlisted, September 5, 1864. in Company K, Fifteentli New^ York Volunteer Engineers, serving until the close of the war, being discharged June 13, 1865 ; then returned home and resumed farmmg. He was united in wedlock. May 12, 1853, with Harriet P., daughter of James and Katie (Vasbinder) Layton, of this county, wliose family comprised seven children, of whom Mrs. McCabe is the sixth. Our subject and wife have been blessed with eight children, viz.: Mary E., born iVpril 2, 1854, married in June, 1883, to Eeuben Horton; Levi, born March 12, 1856, married to Clara J. Stoll; Harrison R., born August 27, 1858, married to Sidney Brainard ; Olin, born February 3, 1862, married to Fannie Harvey, August 22, 1883; William J., born June 7, 1865, married to Lottie A. Russell, January 20, 1886; George L., born August 19, 1867, married to Anna Bush, September 24, 1888 ; Cora E., born October 11, 1872, and Lester H., born June 22, 1876. Mr. McCabe is a member of Stevens Post, No. 69, G. A. R., of Rome; is a Republican, and has been called by his friends and neighbors to fill various township offices. Mr. McCabe, from a poor, struggling lad, has developed into a wealthy and highl}^ respected citizen. JAMES McCABE, grocer, Towanda, was born in Anaghan, County Monaghan, Ireland, April 8, 1816, and is a son of George and Rosa (Stockdale) McCabe. He was reared in his native place and with two brothers and a sister — George, William and Elizabeth — came to America in 1836. He spent one year in Philadelphia, and in 1837 came to Bradford county, where, in 1839, he purchased a farm in Rome township, which he cleared and improved, and on which he resided until 1853 ; then removed to Towanda, where for twelve years he was the proprietor of the principal meat-market in the place. After again engaging in 988 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUN^TT. fanuing- two years, in Eonie township, he returned to Towanda in 1867, and embarked in the grocery business, in whicli he has since continued. In 1839 he married Polly, daughter of Rev. Joseph and Amelia (Pratt) Towner, of Rome, this county, by whom he had four children, as follows : Joseph G. (deceased), Rosa (Mrs. John N. Califf), Elizabeth A. and Joseph T. (deceased). Mr. McCabe is a prominent grocer of Towanda. antl one of its most enterprising citizens. lie is a member of the Episcopal Church, and has served ten years as councilman of Towanda borough, and three years as burgess ; politically he is a Republican. RICHARD McCABE, farmer and stock-grower, in Rome town- ship, P. O., North Rome, was born in County Monaghan. North Ire- land, January 5, 1834, and is a son of George and Nancy (Donaldson) McCabe, natives of that country. His father was twice nuirried, and by his first wife, Rosa (Stockdale), he had four children: James (of Towanda), George (deceased), William and Elizabeth; by his second wife were Hugh [see sketch of Hugh McCabe], Mary (died in Ireland) and Richard. The father was a farmer during the latter portion his life, but had learned, and for many years had worked at, the weaver's trade; he died when Richard was about six months old. When Richard was about fifteen years old, he accompanied his mother and Hugh to the United States, and came at once to Rome township, where James and William had alreaily located, prior to his immigration. George and Elizabeth lived in Philadelphia, Pa. He had attended public schools in Ireland, also the public schools of Rome township, and secured a good common-school education ; he worked for and resided with his brother, William, one year ; then worked by the month for different men, until the fall of 1854, when he rented a sawmill, which he operated until 1859, Avhen he purchased the farm he now lives on ; the first piece comprised seventy-three acres, and afterward he bought other land, making in all in the farm 160 acres. He cleared and improved the land, and converted the trees into lumber. The |)resent house, built in 1883, is a modern building, handsomely finished inside and contains seventeen rooms. Mr. McCabe is one of the model farmers. He enlisted August 18, 1862, in Company I, One llundi'ed and Forty-first P. V. I., being the last man to enlist in that company ; lie nuide a good military record, and served until October 19,1864, when he was discharged on account of disabdity accruing from a gun- shot wound received at the battle of Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863 ; the ball, which he still preserves, struck him in the arm, close to the wrist, ranged upward and lodged near the bone, close to the elbow, where it was cut out ; he was in tlie hospitals many weeks, and was at last discharged, having so far i-ecovered as to be able to return home, but the wound permanently disabled him. He was promoted to corpoi-al, January 2, 1863, and to sergeant, January 1, 1864. Retui'ning home he resumed farming. He is one of the charter members of Stevens Post, No. 69, G. A. R., has held different offices in the Post, but holds none at present time. Mr. IVIcCabe was united in wedlock, July 3, 1860, Avith Almira Towner, daughter of Pliilander and Clarissa (Davidson) Towner, of Ptome township, this county; she was born February 23, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 989 183G, the second in a rainil}^ of nine children. To Mv. and Mrs. McCabe have been born six children: Josepli G., born October 21, 1861; Ella M., born May 5, 1803, married to J. K. Drake, J)eceniber 3, 1884; Douglass T., born October 7, 1805, died October 2, 1808; Clara V., born August 3, 1809; Berton R., born September 6, 1871 (is a teacher); Lannie T., born November 4, 1877. In his political views, he is a stanch Republican, and has hekl various township offices. Mr. McCabe with nothing" but industry and determination, and out of the wilderness, has carved himself a home, with no assistance, except that of his faithful and devoted wife. He has a beautiful home, surrounded by a lovely family, and is enjoying the esteem and respect of ail who knew him. WILLIAM W. iVIcCAIN, merchant, Stevensville, was born February 15, 1844, in Auburn township, Susquehanna Co., Pa., a son of Joseph H. and Sarah L. (Ribble) McCain, natives of New Jersey, and of Dutch and Irish descent. Josepli II. McCain was one of the pioneers of Auburn township, where he settled about the year 1837, coming from New Jersey. He began in the woods, and felled thetree whose stump served as a table for the family during the first year of his pioneer life; he taught school seven years, and then engaged in farming twenty-five years, during which time he was a justice of the peace; served one term as register and recorder of Susquehanna county, and then embarked in mercantile business in Montrose, as a member of the firm of Baldwin, Allen & McCain, which lasted six years, and is now living a retired life at Rush, Pa. In his family there were five chil- dren, of whom William W., the thii-d in order of birth, was educated in the common schools, also at Montrose Academy, and the State Nor- mal school at Millersville, Pa.; began life for himself at the age of twenty-three, teaching one year. In 1808 he became a member of the firm of Weeks, Faurot & McCain, dealers in dry goods and general merchandise at Montrose, where he remained three years; then read law six months with J, B. & A. H. McCollum, of Montrose, and engaged in the insurance business with Henry C. Tyler, with whom he remained two years; then did business for his mother two years, and in 1873 engaged in mercantile business with his brother, S. B. McCain, in Rush, where he remained eleven years; sold his interest and purchased the general mercantile business of Minot Riley, at Springville, at which place he remained five years. In 1890 he located in his present place of business, where he has a very large and growing- trade in all kinds of merchandise and produce. Mr. McCain was mar- ried February 15, 1879, to Orpha A., daughter of Henry and Elizabeth (Melhuish) Granger, natives of Vermont and England, respectively, and they have three children: L. Bruce, born December 27, 1879; William Arthur, born April 22, 1882, and Mildred Lenoir, born Janu- ary 17,1887. Mr. McCain was first-lieutenant in the first company of the Seventh Division of National Guards, .and was elected captain, but never took out his commission ; he was also an honorary member of the "Rough and Ready" Fire Company, of Montrose. Fie is a fre- quent contributor to literary and s})orting journals, is an ardent life- long sportsman, and an earnest advocate of wise game legislation and 990 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. game protection. Politically he is in strong sympathy with the lte[>iiblican pai'ty. C. A. McCALLUM, photographer, Athens, is a native of Orleans county, I^. Y., and is a son of John and Mary (Moore) McCallum, natives of New York. His father, who was a farmer, was born December 18, 1810, and died in Paw Paw, Mich., December 18, 1890: his wife survives, and is in her seventy-fifth j^ear. Our sub- ject, Avho is the sixth in a family of eight children, followed farming some time, and clerked in a store about one year. In 1876, he began an apprenticeship at the photographers trade, and was in this business one and a half years at Portville, N. Y., then sold his gallery and went to Olean, N. Y., and worked there one year; then traveled on the road four 3'ears for the Union View Company, of New York. He came to Athens, September 17, 18S3, and opened his gallery, October 11, the same year. His reputation as a photographer is well and favorably known. He was married in Waukegan, 111., in July, 1878, to Miss May, daughter of Pev. Benjamin and Saphire E. (Norton) Brunning, the former a native of England, the latter of Yermont. Mr. Brunning is a Universalist minister, and preached at Athens two years. Mrs. McCallum is a native of Canada, and is the youngest in a family of three children. They have an adopted daughter, Clara Winifred ; thej'^ are members of the Equitable Aid Union and the International Alliance, and Mr. McCallum is president of the former, and treasurer of the latter; in politics he is a Pepublican. JAMES McCARTY, a prominent farmer of Ulster township, P.O. Ulster, was born in Muncy, Lycoming Co., Pa., November 3, 1821, a son of Silas and Martha (McAfee) McCarty, natives of the same place; the father was of Scotch and German descent; the grandparents came to Muncy from near Philadelphia, and were among the early |)ioneers. His nuiternal grandfather was a major at the battle of Black Hock, in the War of 1812. The son received his schooling at Muncy, until he was twelve years old. In May, 1832, his father removed to the Maumee Valley, Ohio, and in August of that y(!ar died, and the family returned to Muncy, reaching there in September of the same year; and next spring they removed to AVysox, their present liome. The family consisted of six children, viz.: William, James, John, Francis, Martha and Mary, of whom four survive; William and Francis are deceased. James mai-ried Sarah J. l>aker, October 7, 1863, in New York State, a daughter of Daniel IJalvcr, and the fruits of this mar- I'iage were two children, Mary and Daniel, the latter of whom mari-ied Mary Sullivan. j\[is. McCarty died in October, 1867, and in 1871 Mr. McCarty married Louisa, daughter of John Lyons, of Bradford county; one child, Jennie, came to bless this union. His mother mai'ricHJ a second time, and the son took care of her and her husband, in their declining years, and afterward paid oif the mortgage notes and acquired the old homestead, on which he had always i-esided. The farm c(;nsists of about 200 acres of fine river land, and is well improved, and under a high state of cultivation. lie is independent in iiis religious views, but liis family are membei's of the Presbyterian Church ; politically he has always been identified with the Democratic HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 991 party, and held the office of postmaster at Ulster over thirty years. He assisted in clearing seventy acres of the farm he now owns, sawing the logs into lumber and rafting them down the rivei*. He is among the oldest men of this county, and has been eminently successful in his business; has acquired a beautiful home with an independent fortune, and, surrounded with an accomplished and interesting family, is now prepared to enjoy the fruits of his early toils and privations. A. D. McCRANEY, chief of police, Canton, is a native of Otsego county, N. Y., born September T, 1838, a son of Samuel and Nancy (Allen) McCraney, natives of New York. His father was a black- smith, and died at LeRoy, this county, in 1852; his mother died in 1883, in her eighty-ninth year. Mr. McCraney is the youngest in a family of eleven children — eight sons and three daughters; he was reared in his native place until five years of aoe, and then came with his family to LeRoy, this county; he farmed, and also followed lum- bering, until March, 1875, when he removed to Canton, and engaged in the hotel business, for some time. In 1879, he was appointed chief of police, and has held the position since, with the exception of three months. He married, in Leiioy, in 1858, Dinette, daughter of Eli and Harriet (Bailey) Holcomb, natives of this county and Connecticut, respectively; her father was a farmer, and died at the advanced age of ninety years; she is the third in a family of seven children, all of whom grew to maturity. To Mr. and Mrs. McCraney have been born three children, as follows : CoUis, married to Fannie Williams ; Samuel, married to Charlotte Masters, and Emma, wife of Asa Stull. Mr. McCraney enlisted in September, 1864, in Company I, Fifteenth New York Engineers, served until the close of the war, and was mustered out in New York, in July, 1865. He is a member of the F. & A. M., Monroeton Lodge, and politically he is a Democrat. HENRY^ W. McCRANEY, county commissioner, Towanda, was born in Oneonta, Otsego Co., N.Y., September 26, 1835, and is a son of Samuel and Nancy (Allen) McCraney, who settled in LeRoy town- ship, this county, in 1843, and in 1846 began a settlement on South mountain, known as the "McCraney settlement," and cleared and improved the first farm on the mountain, wliich is now owned by this gentleman; later, they removed to the valley in LeRoy township, and died there. Samuel McCraney was twice married. His first wife was Marie Smith, by whom he had seven children, viz.: John (deceased), Marie (Mrs. Harvey Smith, deceased), Sallie(Mrs. Jesse Robart), William, and James (deceased), Polly (Mrs. Mathew Mott) and Samuel. For his second wife he married Nancy Allen, by whom he had four children, viz.: Thomas A., Henry W., David M. (deceased), and A. Douglas. Henry W. McCraney was reared in LeRoy township, from eight yeai's of age, and received a common-school education, and in earW manhood taught school several terms. In 1868 he located in Barclay, this county, where he was engaged in lumbering, contracting and building, until 1875, when he was appointed superintendent of the Towanda Coal Company, by the Erie Railroad Company, which position he held five years. He was also elected a justice of the peace for Barclay town- ship three successive terms, and held other minor offices in the town- 092 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. sliii). In 18S0 he returned to LeKoy township, where he lias since been engaged in farming and lumbering. In 18(>2 he mari-ied Julia A., daughte° of Albert and Sarah (Andrews) Barnes, of Gi-anville, this county, formerly of Connecticut, by whom he had nine children, viz.: Elnettie, Albert 13., Clarence A., Elizabeth N., 11. DeWitt, Lottie C, Roderick M., Julia A. and H. Wesley. Mr. McCraney is a member of the I. O. O. F. Encampment, and K.Vf H. In 1878 he was the candi- date of his party for the office of county treasurer, but was defeated. In 1885 he was appointed postmaster at LeRoy, this county, under Cleveland's administration, which he held about four years. In 1890 he was elected to the office of county commissioner by a large majority. In April, 1891, he moved to Towanda, Pa., where he now resides; in politics he is a Democrat. ALBERT B. McCRANEY, liveryman, at Towanda, Pa., was born in LeRoy township, this county, July 6, 1865, and is a son of Henry W. and "^ Julia A. (Barnes) McCraney. IIis paternal grandfather, Samuel McCraney, formerly of Otsego county, N. Y., settled in LeRoy township, about 1842. The maternal grandfather was Albert Barnes, a native of Connecticut, and an early settler of Granville, this county. Ilenrv W., father of this subject, "" was reared in LeRoy township, where he has been engaged in farming and lumbering for the past ten years. He was for fifteen years a resident of Barclay township, where for ten years he was a*^ jobber for the Towanda Coal Com- panv, and five years general foreman. He is now one of the com- missioners of Bradford county, to which office he was elected in 1890. The subject of these lines was reared in LeRoy township, and received a common-school education, and after attaining his majority, engaged in farming and lumbering, until December, 1890, when he and Clarence A. purchased the livery of D. C. DeWitt, of Towanda, Pa., and are doing a successful business, under the firm name of McCraney Bros. They are both members of the I. O. O. F. and P. O. S. of A., and in poLtics are Democrats. JAMES McDonald, retired farmer, IJurlington, was born September 15. 1844, in Ulster township, Bradford Co., Pa., a son of Jatnes and Mary (McNamee) McDtmald, natives of County Cavan, Ireland, who removed to America when young married people, and set- tled in Newark, N. J. About the year "^1838, they came to Bradford countv, where the father engaged in farming, which he followed the remainder of his life. He resided some years in Ulster, and then moved to Sheshequin, where he died at the age of eighty-four years, and his wife at the age of seventy -six. Their family consisted of three children— two sons and one daughter. James McDonald, the subject of these lines, was reared on the farm ; at the age of eighteen was ap- prenticed to the trade of miller, but when twenty he enlisted in Company II, Twelfth New York Cavalry, and at once joined the Army of North Carolina. He was under fire several times, was taken pris- oner at Kingston, N. C, confined in Libby prison, and was not released u!itil the termination of hostilities ; his only brother, Robert, was a member of the First New York Veterans. At the close of the war Mr. McDonald engaged in milling in Sheshequin, which business he HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 993 continued until about 18S0. He came to Burlington in 186S, and was in the mills at Luther's Mills about twelve years, when he commenced agriculture, and he now owns a nice farm of sixty acres. Mr. McDon- ald was married July 14, 1869, to Mary Luther, of Burlington, born in 1851, a daughter of Roswell Luther, now of Towanda. To them were born three children: Iloswell, born August 8. 1870 (he enlisted in the U. S. Army, March 28, 1891, and went to Jefferson barracks, where he was trained as a soldier; from there he was sent to Fort Beno, Okla- homa Territory, and died October T, 1891); Marion A., born July 8, 1873, and Robert, born March 21, 1881. The mother died May 13, 1885. Mr. McDonald is a pensioner, owing to the loss of health incurred in the service of his countr^^ and m 1889 he was obliged to retire from his farm, moving to Burlington borough, where he now resides. He is a Republican in politics, and has been several terms treasurer of the township. MICHAEL J. McDONOUGH, machinist, Sayre, was born in Scran- ton, Pa., January 26, 1862, and is a son of John and Margaret (Flannery) McDonough, natives of Ireland. The subject of this sketch was reared and educateil in the city of his birth, and at seventeen commenced an apprenticeship at the machinist'strade, in Dickson's Locomotive Works, Scranton, where he remained four years; he then came to Sayre, where he has since been engaged in his trade in the Lehigh Valley Railroad shops at that place. He was married to Miss Anna, daughter of Luke and Mary (Warren) McGraw, of Waverly, N. Y., and to them have been born two children: Agnes, born September 4, 1884, and Gertrude, born November 6, 1887. Mr. and Mrs. McDonough are members of the Roman Catholic Church at Sayre; in politics he takes no active ])art, but rather devotes his entire attention to his trade, and it may be truly said of him that he is a complete master of his art. THEODORE L. McFADDIN, farmer, P. O. Granville Centre, was born in Lewisburg, Union Co.. Pa., June 2, 1841, a son of William W. and Harriet (Loushbaugh) McFaddin, and is of Irish and Dutch descent. He was reared in his native county, until twelve years of age, when he went to Williamsport, where he served an apprenticeship of four years at the confectioners' trade, after which he worked at the business as a journeyman until the breaking out of the Civil War. In October, 1861, he enlisted in Company G, Eighth Pennsylvania Cav- alry, and served until May 25, 1865, when he was honorably discharged. He participated in all the engagements of the Army of the Potomac, and was wounded in his right arm at the battle of Reams Station. After his discharge he returned to Williamsport, and in 1872 settled in Granville township, this county, where he has since been engaged in farming and poultry business. In 1870 he married Julia, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth (Gamble) Babb, of Babb's Creek, Tioga Co., Pa., and has one son, Louis T. Mr. McFaddin is a member of the F. & A. M., Union Veteran Legion, G. A. R. and K. of P.; politically EDWAIU) O." MACFARLANE, president of the Citizens' National Bank, Towanda, and superintendent of the Barcla}' Railroad and the Long Valley Coal Company, is a son of the late James Macfarlane, of 994 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. whom it is no disi)aragenient to the eminent men of Bradford county, to say that he will take his place in history as pre-eminent, for in the varied walks of his busy life, lawyer, scholar, geologist, scientist and author, he has left his indelible footprints. > Edward O. Macfarlane is the eldest of six children of James and Mary (Overton) Macfarlane; the latter was a daughter of Edward Overton, Sr., and a native of Towanda. Their other children are: Graham Macfarlane, of Louis- ville. Ky.; James R. Macfarlane, attorney, of Pittsburgh; Ella, Mrs. William Little, of Towanda; Mary (Mrs. E. J. Angle) and Eugenia. The son, reared in such a family, had far more than the average advan- tages in the start of life. The surroundinij-s were gentle and refined, and the parents had that high order of culture that must impress itself upon even its associates in the outer world, and far more so, of course, on the loved ones beneath the family roof-tree. Our subject was born March 24, 1849. in Bloomfield, Perry Co, Pa., and came to Towanda when two years old, and passed through ^he public schools and thence to college, where he enjoved the best advantages, and left, in 1864, to enter the United States Naval Academv, Annapolis, as midshipman, where he remained until 1869, when he was graduated; he resigned from the navy in October, 1871, at the time as ensign, and Soon thereafter became engaged in the wholesale coal trade, in Elmira, and from there removed to Rochester, and was in this business and prosecuted it successfully, until 1879, when he became connected with the Long Valley Coal Company, and is now filling the position of superintendent and president. His father was at the time of his death one of the directors of the Citizens National Bank, Towanda, and his son was elected to fill the vacancy in the board, November 10, 1890. On the resignation of Judge Benjamin M. Peck, he was elected presi- dent of that institution. A. McKINNEY, jeweler. Athens, is anative of Athens, this county, born February 16, 185."), and is a son of Henry and Amanda (Brink) McKinney, natives of this county. The mother died July 20, 1883, in her sixty-four year ; the father is a resident of Athens. A. McKinney, who is the youngest in a family of three children, received a public- school education, and at the age of seventeen began work at the jeweler's trade in Athens, in which he was employed until 1878. when he began business for himself. He carries a fine stock of watches, cU)cks and silverware. Mr. ]\[cKinney was married in Athens, IMarch 15, 1881, to Miss Emma M., daughter of Delos and Teresa (llepass) Jordan, natives of Tioga county, Pa., and residents of Athens (she is the elder of two children, and was born in Lawrenceville, Tioga county, June 25, 1862). To Mr. and Mrs. McKinney were born two children viz.: Minnie B. and Fi'ed. Mr. McKinney is a member of the F. & A. M., Rural Amity Lodge, No. 7<». has passed the chairs in the subor- diuiite L()dfi:e, and is a member of the Tiahoga Societv of Athens. Politicallv he is a, Republican. HUSTON McKINNEY, farmer, Ulster township, P.O. Ulster, was l)()rn in Litchliehl township, this county, March 17, 1883, and is the son of Henry and Anna (Itussell) McKinney, natives of Pennsylvania and New York, resi)ectively, who are of the agricultural class and had HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 995 a farm of ITO acres in Litchfield township, and were among the jiio- neers ; they had a family of eleven children — five boys and six girls — and of these are surviving, J. H., Mary L., Sarah, Francis, 0. E. Mc- Kinney and Huston, all of Litchfield. The father died in September, 1879, aged eighty-two; the mother had ])assed away the preceding- May, at the age of seventy-nine. Huston McKinney, the subject of the sketch, received his education in the old school-house, in the short winter session. When of age he taught school in Ulster, two terms. He enlisted in the One Hundred and Seventy-ninth Regiment N. Y. V, L, Company K, August 31, and served until June 8, 1865; he was in the battles of Po})lar Springs Church, Hatcher's Run (before Peters- burg) and the capture of Petersburg. In November, 1865, he pur- chased the farm on which he resides, of 150 acres, now highly improved and stocked; he was married, the first time, in 1855, to Sarah L. Lenox, sister of -L. P. Lenox, and they had three children : Elma M.. died in infancy; Nora L., married to"^Edward Huflf; Luella M., married to William McQueen. His first wife died February 20, 1873. He was married, the second time, to Ellen, daughter of Hugh Templeton, and of this union are five children, as follows: Robert IL, Hugh H., Sarah Ellen, Leon K. and Carrie M. Mr. McKinney is a member of the Equitable Aid Union, No. 244:; member and steward of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church, in politics a Republican, and is one of the lead- ing and prosperous farmers of the countv. JOSEPH MclvINNET, P. O. Athens, youngest son of Henry and Rebecca (Hinman) McKinney, was born in Athens township, SeVem- ber 17, 1802, on the old Franklin farm near where he purchased a farm and lived until his death, June 17, 1879. His father was among the first settlers of the township. December 18, 1828, he married Mary Bidlack, and located on the farm he had previously purchased, and built a log house; she survived him twelve years, and died. May 10, 1891, in the eighty -sixth year of her life. Six children were born to them: Eliza, born March 21, 1830, married C. S. Wheaton, and is still living ; Horace, born February 5.1832, died January 19,1877, unmarried ; Clarissa, born September 14,^1834, married to T. W. Brink, and is still living ; Joseph, Jr., born February 11, 1838. lives on the old homestead ; Alfred, born June 3, 1842, died" December 3,1843, and Anna, born June 9, 1845, died June 15, 1875. Joseph McKinney, Jr., married Emily Yangorder, January 2, 1862, and to them were born four chil dren: Horace, born December 4, 1865, died Julv 20, 1890; Delia, born December 21. 1866; Mary, born October 23, 1868, and Johnnie, born September 8. 1873, died October 26, 1882. MICHAEL J. McNULTY, of the firm of Haggerty & McNulty, masonry contractors, Troy, was born in Troy, Jiradford Co., Pa., August 29, 1859, and is a son of Michael and Alice (FLiggerty) McNulty. His paternal grandfather, Michael McNulty, was a native of Ireland and an early settler of Towanda, this county, where he reared a fam- ily of three children: Michael, Bridget and Maggie, of whom Michael, a native of Towanda, and a painter by trade, in early life located in Troy, where he worked at his trade until his death, "in 1859; his wife was a daughter of Richard and Margaret Haggerty, natives of Ireland, 996 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and by her he had one son, Michael J., who was reared in Troy, was educated in the pnblic schools and learned the mason's trade, at which he served an apjirenticeship of five years. lie afterward worked as a journeyman one 3'ear, and in 1879 formed a partnership with his uncle, John Hago-ert\', as contractors in stone and brick masonry, in which he has since successfully continued. Mr. McXulty married, April 15, 1885, Alice, daughter of^ Martin and Katherine (Gleason) Kyan, of Troy, and formerly of Ireland, the issue of which union is one daughter, Katie L, Mr. McNulty is a member of the Catholic Church ; in poli- tics he is a Democrat. MICHAEL MoMAIION, proprietor of the '' Bradford House," Towanda, was born at Foot of Plane, in Barclay township, this county, September 27, 1859, and is a son of Simon and Mary (Falsey) McMahon, natives of County Clare, Ireland, who, for many years, were residents of Barclay, this county, and are now living at Arnot, Tioga Co.. Pa. jMicliael was reared in Barclay, where he received a common-school education, and after attaining his majority he learned the blacksmith trade, which occupation he followed four years. He has been a i-esident of Towanda, since 1881; clei'ked in hotel several years; in 1887 embarked in the hotel business, and has been proprietor and popular landlord of his present house since 1890. On February 22, 1887, he married Margaret, daughter of Nicholas and Winifred Irvin. of Towanda, and formerly of County Clare, Ireland. JMr. and J\Irs. McMahon have had three children, viz.: Joseph S., born August 22, 1887; Mary, born September 2, 1888, and Winifred, born Septem- ber 15, 1890. Mr. McMahon is a member of the Roman Catholic Church, and in })()litics he is a Democrat. ISAIAH McPHERSON, Esq., of Towanda, a member of the law firm of McPherson & Angle, was born in Ilerrick township, Bradford Co., Pa., August 15, 1847. His parents, William and Mary (Kennedy) McPherson, emiorated from Ireland to this countrv in the vear 1840, and pui'chased a farm in that township, where they contmued to reside until his death, which occurred in 1887, when he was aged eighty-three years ; here his widow still resides, at the age of eighty- one years, with her eldest son, John. The subject of this sketch, who is their fourth child, in the order of birth, spent his early life at home on the farm, and improved such advantages for acquiring an education as the public schools and neigiil)oring academies afforded, until in lSfi5, when he became a student at the Towanda Susquehanna Colle- giate Institute, and, in 1808, of LaFayette College, where he remained for two years. In 1870 he began the study of law at Towanda. Pa., under the directions of the late Hon. P. D. Morrow, and was admitted to the bar in May, 1872. Upon his admission to the bar, he immedi- ately o]Kmed an office in Towanda, and began the practice of his ])ro- fcssion. He was soon regarded as arty ever since. He is a favorite campaign s{)eaker in ])olitical con- tests. He has never been a candidate for, or hekl any office, except tliat of district attorney, from 1877 to 1880. He was married, in 1879, to Miss Berenice JVIcGill, a daughter of Hiram W. and Emily (Sweet) McGill, of Towanda, Pa., and they had two beautiful little daughters, Christine and Gertrude, but the former died in 1888. Mr. and Mrs. McPlierson are both members of the Presbvterian Church. ARTHUR B. McKEAN, of Beardsley & McKean, general hard- ware merchants, Troy, was born in West Burlington, this county, August 4, 1850, and is a son of James S. and Sarah W. (Blackwell) McKean. His paternal grandparents were Robert and Martha (Wilson) McKean, and his great-grandparents were James and Jane (Scott) McKean; the hitter, who were natives of Scotland, resided for some time in Cecil county, Md., then settled in West Burlington township, on what is known as the County Farm, in 1791, and resided in that township until their death; their children were: Allen, William, James, Andrew, John, Rebecca (Mrs. John Dobbins), Robert, Samuel, Benjamin and Jane (Mrs. John Calkins) ; of these, Samuel was United States Senator from Pennsylvania, and lived and died on the old hotnestead. Robert, the paternal grandfather of Arthur B., also resided in Burlington township until his death, and cleared and improved a farm. By his wife, Martha Wilson, he had the following children: Allen, Thomas J., Noah W., Lemira (Mrs. John Lilley), Andrew J.. James S., Robert, and Jane (Mrs. Edward Kemp); of these, James S., father of the subject of this sketch, was born, reared and died in what is now West Burlington township. He was a black- smith by trade, and was postmaster of West Burlington for eight years; his wife was a daughter of John and Sarah (Blackwell) Black- well, natives of England. Thev had one son, Arthur B., who was reared in West Burlington, educated at Susquehanna Institute, Towanda, and began life as a bookkeeper in Troy, Pa., in August, 1868, which he followed three years m Troy, and two years in Wil- liamsport ; he then engaged in the grocery business one year at Williamsport; returned to West l>urlington in 1873, and embarked in general merchandise business, in which he continued up to 1878, and then enoao-ed in the lumber business. In 1884 he located in Trov and engaged in the hardware business as member of the firm of Beardsley, Spalding & McKean. He married, June 17, 1873, Sibyl, daughter of Bingham L. and Abbie (Pierce) Rockwell, of Trov, and has one son, Scott R. Mr. McKean is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, is the present burgess of Trov, and in politics is a Republican. COLONEL HENRY B.' MoKEAN, of Towanda, was born in Columbia township, this county, September 13, 1831, and is a son of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Mathewson) McKean. His paternal grand- parents were James and Jane (Scott) McKean, of Scotch-Irish descent, pioneers of Burlington township, this county, and who lived and died on what is now known as the County Poor Farm. The maternal grand- ])arents were William and Elizabeth (Satterlee) Mathewson, formerly of Connecticut, and pioneers of Tioga Point (now Athens), this county. 58 9;»8 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. The father of our subject spent most of his life in Columbia township, and was a farmer by occupation. lie was sheriff of Bradford county m 1828, '29 and '30, and was thrice married; his first wife was Lucy Calkins, of Burlington, by whom he had two sons, James C. and Charles S. ; his second wife was Elizabeth Mathewson, by whom he had two children, twins, Henry B. and Helen E. (Mrs. Dudley Long) : his third wife was Laura LeBarron, by whom he had one daughter, Alma (Mrs. Hezekiah Lament). Henry B. was reared in Bradford county, and educated at Troy and Athens academies; he studied law with John C. Adams and William Elwell, of Towanda, and was admit- ted to the bar in 1855. He practiced his profession until the breaking- out of the Civil War, and had been postmaster of Towanda, during Buchanan's administration. April 21, 1861, he enlisted in Company I, Sixth Eegiment Pennsylvania Reserves, and April 22, 1861, was elected and commissioned second lieutenant of the company ; on the organization of the regiment. June 22. 1861, was appointed adjutant, and A])ril 1, 1862. was commissioned lieut.-colonel of the regiment. Pie participated in the battles of Dranesville, Ya., the Peninsular cam- paign. Second Bull Run, South Mountain and Antietam, but on account of disability was compelled to resign, and was discharged by brigade and corps surgeons' certificate of disability, Xoveraber 25, 1862. On Lee's invasion of Pennsvlvania, in 1863, he was commis- sioned colonel of the Thirty-fifth Regiment, Pennsylvania Militia. He resumed the practice of law at Towanda. where he continued until 1875, when he entered the employ of the Lehigii Yallev liailrijad as attorney and car agent, at Sayre, Pa., which position he held until 1880, when he again resumed the practice of law at Towanda, and continued until 1887, when he was appointed to a position in the Pen- sion Bureau, Washington, D. C. In 1888 he was transferred to the Executive Mansion, and remained there until March, 1890, when he was transferred to the Pension Bureau of the Interior Department, where he now is. Col. McKean was married, November 19. 1869. to Mary E., daughter of John P. and Mary E. (Sayre) Cox, of Bethlehem, Pa., and has one son, John C. He is a member of the Episcopal Church, is past master of Union Lodge, No. 108; past H. P. Union Chapter, No. 161, past E. C. Northern Commandery, No. 16, K. T., Tow- anda. Pa., Scottish Rite, Thirty-second degree. Bloomsburg and Harris- burg Consistory; ]iast G. C grand commandery Ivnights Templar of P(,'nnsylvania, ])ast comnutndei' Watkins Post. G. A. R., No. GS, Towanda, Pa., and member of the Militaiy Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States Commandery, of the District of Columbia, and member of the Military Order, Sons of American Revolution, of Wash- ington. D. C. Elisha Mathewson, his great-grandfather, enlisted August 1, 1777, under Capt. Robert Durkee. and Lieut. Spaldinn-. and was discharged in Novembei-, 1783, (icoi'ge AVashington certifying to six and a half years of sei'vicc; ]»olitically he is a Democrat. CHARLES J. MclvKE, fai'nu*r aiul dairyman. P. O. Grovcr, is a native of Canton township, this ccjunty, aiul was born March 25. 1859, a son of John McKee, who was born in County Down, Ireland, March 17, 1824; his parents were John and Klizabeth (McMahon) McKee, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 999 natives of Scotland. Mr. McKee emigrated, in 1850, to New York with his family, where he remained five years, and then removed to Canton township, where he has since resided on his farm. Mr. McKee was married in Ireland, in 1850, to Margaret, daughter of James and Sarah (Dougan) Clements, natives of County Armagh, Ireland, and of Scotch descent. She is the youngest in a family of seven children, and was born in County Armagh, March 7, 1830. To them were born four children, of whom two are now^ living: Joseph A., married to Gertrude Fitzwater, and Charles J. Our subject received his education in the public schools, and has made farming and dairying his occupation, shipping most of his milk to Williamsport. He was married in Canton township, June 2, 1887, to Harriet, a daughter of Ichabod and Harriet A. (King) Sellard. Mr. Sellard was born in Canton township, March 24, 1821, the youngest son of Stephen and Polly Sellard; he married, in 1845, Harriet, the youngest daughter of John and Sophia King of Tioga county, Pa., who were earl}^ settlers of Sullivan township, Tioga Co., Pa. Mrs. McKee's great-grandfather, Simon King, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and her grandfather, Stephen Sellard, was a .soldier in the War of 1812. Ichabod Sellard was a farmer and cattle dealer; was instrumental m getting the switch railroad ])ut at Grover ; owned an ore mine near there, and also gave the land for the switch ; he died October 21, 1877; Mrs. Sellard died January 22, 1888, in her sixty-first year. Mrs. McKee is the youngest in order of birth in a family of five children, of whom four are now living, and she was born in Canton township, January 23, 1866. To Mr. and Mrs. MoKee was born one son, Harry C. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church. He is a member of Grover' Grange, No. 815, and is secretary of the same. Politically he is a Pepublican. McKEE BROS., proprietors of the Towanda Daily Review, Elmer B. McKee being general manager, and Frank C. McKee, editor. The publication firm was formed in June, 1885, and has been one of the prosperous houses of the county's capital; the paper started "Inde- pendent'' and the "boys" are evidently to be considered as much so as their valued publication; and in public life the man or paper that is "Independent" of all cliques and clans may w^ell be envietl. The gi-andfather, Asa McKee, was a pioneer in Orwell township and a prominent citizen, his son Robert McKee, who died at Towanda, April 7, 1891, the father of these brothers, was born in Orwell in 1829, and came to Towanda in 1868. His wife, the mother of three chil- dren, was Jane E. Craft, a native of New York. Elmer B. McKee, who was born February 4, 1859, became widely known as a teacher before entering the publishing line; lie is a product of the Towanda public schools and the Susquehanna Collegiate College, where he graduated in 1873, then attending the State Normal, at Oswego, N. Y., where he graduated in 1882. He had been teaching in Towanda and at Sayre, and in 1884 was employed in the Teachers' Institute work. He was married, January 29, 1891, to Fannie M. Burns, of Fresno, (kl. He is a member of the school-board, the Presl^vterian ( 'hui'ch, and Towanda Lodge, No. 107, I. O. O. F. 1000 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTT. JOHN McQueen, florist, Kobert Packer Hospital, Sayre, is a native ol" Scotland, and was born August 1, 1825. His parents were Huo-h and Jane (Cornell) McQueen, natives of Scotland, who immi- grated to this county about the year 1852, and here the former died, m 1859, in his eighty-third year, and the latter in 1876, in her seventy- eio-hth year. John McQueen, who is the second in eleven children, was reared in Scotland, and came to Philadelphia, in ISIS; he learned floriculture, and in 1852 came to Smith field; then removed to Ulster township, and engaged in farming and lumbering until the spring of 1883, when he came to Sayre and took charge of the greenhouses, grounds, etc., of the Robek Packer Hospital. One greenhouse is 20x80 feet, and the other 24x120 feet. Mr. McQueen w^as married, in Smithfield township, in 1856, to Miss Emma, daughter of Ira and Sophia (Mason) Adams, natives of Connecticut (she is the fifth in a family of eight children, and was born in Smithfield, in 1833, and died in 1875). To Mr. and Mrs. ]\[c(iueen were born seven children, of whom four are now living, as follows: William, Mary (wife of W. S. Sleighter), Annie and Frank. Five of our subject's brothers served in the Civil War. Mr. McQueen casts his suffrage with the Democratic party. JOHN MADDEN, engineer, Lehigh Yalley Railroad, Sayre, a native of Towanda, this county, was born Decem.ber 15, 181:9, and is a son of Patrick and Mary (Lyons) Madden, natives of Ireland, who immigrated to Towanda in L836. The mother died in May, 1889, in her seventy-third year; the father is still living. John, who is the seventh in a family of nine children, found his first occupation in life at boating for the railroad company; then he worked on the track for some time. About the year 1869 he began firing for the L. V. R. R., and afterward was promoted to first engineer, which position he has held since. He was married in Dushore, Sullivan Co., Pa., in 1863, to Miss Ann, daughter of John and Mary (Clarey) Dauglierty, natives of Ireland (she is the second in a family of seven children, and was born in Ireland in 1848). Mr. and Mrs. Madden had eleven children, three of whom died young. The living are: Kate (wife of John Sherry, of Elmira), Annie, James, ALaggie, Agnes, Nellie, Jerry and Mary. The family are members of the Ptoman Catholic Church. Mr. Mad- den is a member of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, and is a Republican in ])olitics. MAJOR-GENERAL II. J. MADILL, Towanda, is a Bradford count}^ man whose military fame is national, and whose record in the Civil War will ever fonn a most thrilling chapter of our country's historv. He was born in Adams county, this State, March 30, 1829, the son of Dr. Alexander Mudill, a native of L'cland, born of Scotcli- Irisii stock, and who immigrated to America in 1823, locating in Hunterstown, Adams Co., J*a., where he was in the practice of his ])rofession; thence he removed to Bradford county, settling in Wysox township, in 1831, where he had an extensive practice many years, and died in 1852; his family of children were five in number — four sons and one daughter- -of whom Gen. II. J. Madill is the eldest. The subject of this memoir received a liberal education, both from HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1001 private teachers and in an academy, and then entered, as a law student, the office of John C Adams, in Towaiida. He was licensed as an attorney in 1851, and, opening a law office, rose quickly in the line of his profession. He was thus busily engaged when the Civil War coming upon the devoted land; he laid down his briefs, buckled on his sword, and was one of the first to answer his country's call. With two companies he went to Ilarrisburg, where they found the call for three months' men was alread}^ full, and that thev'^ could not be received; but in a few days, June 26, 1861, they were mustered into the three years' service, as a part of the Sixth Pennsylvania Reserves, Henry J. Mad ill, major. He was with this command, in the front, until August 30, 1862, when he was appointed colonel of the One Hundred and Forty -first Regiment, Pennsylvania Infantry. The already brilliant service of Maj. Madill pointed to him as the proper person to take command as colonel of this regiment, seven companies of which had been recruited in Bradford county. The "boys" bailed this fortunate appointment with joy, and from that hour until the day of its muster-out there was no command in the Union army that was more conspicuous for dash and courage; as cool in the fiercest of the battle as at the mess-table, always careful of the lives of his men, yet as reckless of danger to himself as a plumed knight, he forged his wa\^ to the highest militar}^ office ever conferred upon any one from Brad- ford county — from major of a regiment, at the beginning of the war, to that of brevet-major-general at its close. His command of the One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment was itself not only historical, but soon made a reputation for that command that was as brilliant as it was dangerous to the lives of the total membership. The chaplain and historian of the regiment, Rev. David Craft, in his history says: "To show the estimation in whicli they were held by the officers of the Corps, I need now but mention the fact that they were selected by the Division and Corps commanders, in the celebrated mud march of Gen. Burnsides, to cross the river alone, carry the opposite heights at the point of the bayonet, and hold the crest of the hill, in order that the army might cross to the opposite side, for the purpose of attacking Fredericksburg in the rear. * ^'' - Through thirty-three battles, in which they fought, they never became demoralized, or willingly turned their back upon the foe." It is said that in the loss of life on the battlefield there was but one other regiment in the Union Armies that could show a longer list than this Bradford command; " two-thirds of the men on its rolls carrying muskets" is the awful score of death on its balance-sheet. The remnant of this regiment made forever famous the spot they occupied in the Peach Orchard at Gettysburg. They had entered that field of carnage 200 strong, and already twenty of the brave boys had fallen ; Gen. Madill says : " I now found myself alone with a small regiment of one hundred and eighty men; twenty had been killed or wounded by the severe cannonade, and in a charge of the Eighth South Carolina Regiment." This little band received the shock of a charge by overwhelming numbers ; thirty of the one hundred and eighty fell at the first fire of the enemy, and in a 1002 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. moment, as it were, twenty -seven lie dead on the field, and one hundred .more are prone on the ground, bleeding from severe wounds; the color-bearers and all the color-guards are killed or severely wounded, when Col. Madill seizes the flag, and marches slowly from the slaughter pen, with but nineteen of his brave boys able to follow him. The little forlorn hope are met by Gen. Sickles who beseechingly says to Col. Madill: '"Colonel, for God's sake, can't you hold on?" when with tears and choking voice he answers: " Where are my men ? " Of the nineteen followers of their leader were tliree officers, Capt. Horton, and Lieuts. Brainard and Atkinson, the latter of whom, though severely wounded, was able to w^alk and was at his post. There is nothing in war history, not even the "Charge of the Six Hundred," that is more thrilling than this stand by the little band of heroes under Col. Madill at Gettysburg. It was more than " when Greek meets Greek," it was the flower and pick of the Virginia veterans hurling themselves like a thunderbolt of lead and flame and iron upon the brave and unconquer- able Pennsylvanians, the leader of whom was defending nearly the very spot on which he was born, standing as a stone-wall, defying the invading foe. Gen. Graham being taken prisoner. Col. Madill was placed in com- mand of the brigade, and was commissioned brigadier-general, Decem- ber 2, 1S64-, and brevet major-general, March 13, 1865. He was wounded by a sharpshooter at Sutherland's Station, April 2, 1865, in cliarging a battery at the head of his brigade, the ball lodging in the groin, from the effects of wiiich wound he has never recovered. The others were slight wounds, one received at Petersburg and the other at Gettysburg. The number of bullets that passed through his clothes, and the six horses that had been shot from under him in different engagements, look as though he escaped with his life through naught else than Providential interference. When he had sufficiently recovered from his last wound to be moved, the war was over, so as soon as able he returned to his Towanda home, and resumed the practice of law. This, how^ever, was soon interferred with by bis election, in 1866, to the office of register and recorder of Bradford county, in which he served a full term. In 1879 he represented this district in the State Legislature. In 1890, in obedience to the behests ol" his many friends all over the county, he stood for the office of prothonotary, in opi)osi- tion to the regular Republican party nomination, was trium])hant|y elected on the Independent ticket, and is now filling that ])osition. No man in the county stands fairer with all classes of the people than Gen. Madill— cheerful, kind, affable and suave, the w^orld is his friend, but it is for his old comrades to love him in those strong bonds that came of lite in the tented field. Maj. 11. J. Madill was united in marriage, in this county, in 1856, with Ellen, daughter of George Scott, and they have one son, Harry, who is now in the West. The family worship at the Presbyterian Church ; the Major is a member of the G. A. R., the I. O. O. P., and of the K. of P. THOMAS F. MADILL, M. D., a native of Kingston, Pa., was born September 30, 1828, a son of Alexander and liose (Edgar) Madill. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1003 His father was a physician ol' distinction in his (hiy, receiving his education in Edinburgh, Scotland, and coming to Penns\'lvania in 18ir»; he first settled at Kingston and in ISoO removed to "Wj'sox, where he spent the remainder of his life in the practice of his profes- sion ; he died in 1864; his family were seven in number, five of whom grew to their majority, and of these Thomas F. Madill was the second in order of birth, and has spent his life in the spot where he now lives. He received a good education in the common schools and Collegiate Institute, attending J^afayette college after leaving tl)e Towanda Insti- tute. He commenced a course of reading in his father's office in 1850, and completed his preliminary studies in the office of Dr. George F. Horton, of Terrytown ; 'then he attended Jefferson Medical Col- lege, Philadelphia, where he was graduated March 13, 1855, and at once returned to his home and opened his office, engaging in the general practice of j)hysic, but, perhaps, gaining a more extensive repu- tation from his operations in surgery than otherwise. One operation, the treatment of tiie tibia by the successful insertion of ivory, became a noted first case of the kind, and was given in extenso in the " Phila- delphia Examiner," 1863 ; he has probably ridden more miles, and visited more cabins and farm houses of every degree, than any other physician ever in the county. His long professional life has been one unbroken success, and while advancing years and wealth have come together in his case, he still ministers to the afflicted, but mostly where the prejudice of old friends will not allow them to be sent away. Fie was married in Bradford county, October 5, 1857, to Eliza M. Weston, by whom there are four children living: Jean Lillian, William Lester, Daisy Dean and Robert Packer. Mrs. Madill is a daughter of the late Dr John N. Weston, of Towanda. No man stands fairer with the people of Bradford, both professionally and socially, than F)r. Madill, in ids long residence and an active business life ; and now as an age is coming with its wane in some respects, his high moral cour- age, that command of a strong will over dull matter, still asserts itself unmistakably on all proper occasions, and easily commands due deference and respect. The Doctor is in the meridian of his intellectual vigor, and his trained hand can still guide the surgeon's knife with all the steady precision of perfect machinery. His residence in the rich Wysox valley is a model of elegance and solid comfort, and is the pro- duct of his active professional life, backed by a tireless energy. WILLIAM M. MALLORY, coal operator, Towanda, was born November 25, 1817, in what is now Corning, N. Y., and is a son of Laurin and Mary (Mead) Mallory. His paternal grandfather, Ebenezer Mallory, whose wife was Clara Judson, was a nativeof Connecticut, and a son of Ebenezer Mallory. He was a pioneer of the Johnson settlement in Schuy- ler county, N. Y., and was a farmer. Laurin Mallory was a pioneer of what IS now Corning, N. Y., where he was extensively engaged in lumbering, merchandising and farming, and also as a shipper of grain and other produce down the Susquehanna river in the pioneer days. He was also identified with the first bank of Corning, and for a time served as cashier, and this bank was one of those that survived the financial crisis of 1842. He married, in Corning, Mary, daughter of Eldad Mead, 1004 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. a pioneer of that section, and a brother of WiUiam Mead, founder of Meadville, Pa. William was reared in what is now Ooi'iiing, and re- ceived a high-school education, studied civil engineering, in which he became proficient in a short time, and was one of an engineer corps when there were but three finished raih'oads in the United States, He joined this corps in 1837, though he had worked as a surveyor the vear previous, and followed that profession for seven years; he then operated the Blossburg Railroad, under lease, until 1853, mined atl the coal at that place during that time, and up to 1858, when he sold out, and spent four years thereafter closing up his business affairs connected with the railroad and his Blossburg interests, and spent the years 18G2 and 1863 at Irvmgton, N. Y. In 1864 he located in Towanda, where he has since resided. From 1864 to 1875 he was manager of the Fall Creek Coal Company, since which time he has been operating in the coalfields of the Wyoming district, lie wa^ twice married: his first wife was Sarah T., daughter of Judge Isaac and Sarah (Strong) McConachie, of Tro3^ X. Y., and by her he had three children, viz.: Catherine, William P. and Judson ; his second w^fe was Anna M., daughter of Lucius B. and Martha (Day) Peck, of Montpelier, A^t., and by her he had five children, as follows: Mary, Martha, Lucius B., Ilarriet Anna and William F. Mr. Mallory attends the Episcopal Church; in politics he is a Republican, and he attended the first con- vention of the partv held at Syracuse, in 1854. LAWRENCE H. M ALONE Y, farmer and breeder of Ilamble- tonian horses, Troy, was born in Trov borough, this county, July 4, 185G, and is a son of Lawrence and Bridget (Ryan) Maloney, natives of County Tipperary, Ireland, who came to America in 1849, and settled in Troy borough, this county, where his father worked as a laboi-er until his children grew to maturity, when he purchased the farm now occujiied by subject, and resided there until his death. His children wei-e as follows: Bridget (deceased), Michael W., John, Mary (Mrs. Robert Gilbert), Anna, Lawrence II., and Ella; of these, Michael W. is a popular conductor on the New York, Lake Erie & Western Rail- road ; John is a local engineer on the Central Railroad of New Jersey, and Lawrence H., the subject proper of this sketch, resides on the old homestead, known as the "Troy Hill Stock Farm." lie has followed farming as an occupation since reaching his majority, and has estab- lished a reputation as a breeder of Hambletonian horses. He is a well- known citizen of Bradford county, a member of the Roman Catholic Church, and in ])olitics he is a Democrat. JAMES B. MANEY, manager of J. W. Carroll's clothing and merchant tailoring house, Athens, is a native of Bradford county, and was born August 10, 1856, a son of Thomas C. and Anna (Fitzgerald) Maney, natives of Ireland. The father immiarated to New York City eai'ly in life, and engaged in the hat, caj), and fur business, which he followed several 3^ears, but had to al^indon it. on account of failing health; then engaged in contracting and building canals and rail- road lines, and later in life he bought a farm in North Towanda town- shi]), where he resides. Mr. Mane}^, who is the third in a family of six children, received his early education in the common schools, and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1005 then attended . lie was married in 1847, to Susan Conklin, of Newark \'alley. N. Y., and they had one child, which died in infancy. His wife died in Wash- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1013 ington City, in 1886. In religion Mr. Mather is a Presbyterian, and socially he is a Royal Arch Mason, and is attached to Federal Lodge, No. 1, and Eureka Chapter No. 4, of Washington, D. C. JOHN C. MATHER, farmer and stock grower, Ulster township, P. O. Ulster, a son of Thomas and Rachel (Middaugh) Mather, was born in Ulster, August 28, 1860. He attended the public schools of Ulster borough and received a good English education. He married, March 12, 1884, Mary, daughter of G. B. and Deiphine (Shaw) Rodgers, and they have two children, Edna, born August 3, 1886, and Lillian, born June 17, 1888. Mr. Mather is a member of the Golden Cycle and fills the chair of speaker ; in politics he is a Republican. He resides on the old homestead and farms the same, in connection with his father and uncle William. WILLIAM Mi\.THER, farmer and stock-raiser, Ulster township, P. O. Ulster, was born in Ulster township, this county, October 24, 1833, a son of John and Agnes (Jackson) Mather, natives of Renfrew- shire, Scotland, who immigrated to this country, and settled on the farm their son William now occupies, arriving a short time before his birth. Our subject received his education in the Ulster schools, attending until he was twenty-one years old, and receiving a good English edu- cation. The farm he now occupies is the old homestead, containing 320 acres, which has never been partitioned, and is managed by him in connection with his brother Thomas, and nephew, John C. Mather; the residence on the farm occupied by him was built by his father, in 1830, but the other buildings built by his father were entirely destroved, as were the orchards and a large portion of the timber, by a cyclone which swept through the lower portion of the valley, in 1884; the present farm buildings have been built by the members of the family since that time, which are all on the modern and improved style — large and commodious; he has also a fine dairy and twenty cows. The only mineral wealth of the farm consists of a stone quarry, w^hich is not open at present. Nearly one-half the farm is wood-land, and bears a magnificent growth of white pine, oak and chestnut. Mr. Mather is a bachelor. He is a member of the Golden Cycle, No. 158, and in politics is a Republican, having cast his first presidential vote for John C. Fremont, in 1856. NATHANIEL H. MATTOCKS, farmer, P. O. Springfield, born September 19, 1822, in Springfield township, this county, in the house where he now resides, is a son of James, Jr., and Isabella (Ilarkness) Mattocks, the former of whom was born in Kingsbury, Washington Co., N. Y., December 17, 1796; removed to Springfield' township, this countv, with his father, Capt. James Mattocks, in 1806, when ten years of age, when there were not more than eight or ten families in Spring- field. Capt. Mattocks was descended of English ancestry. He was a soldier in the War of 1812, and a man of great influence; he was a captain in the militia; a justice of the peace over thirty years; a car- penter, general mechanic and farmer, and in his Christian principles lie was a strong Universalist : he died July 12, 1858, at the age of eighty-eight years. James Mattocks, Jr., the father of subject, who was a carpenter, and an extensive contractor, continued in that 59 1014 HISTOIIY OF BKADFORD COUNTY. line until 1846, after which time he devoted himself to farming; he died April 7, 18ST, at the age of ninety-two years. Mr. Mattocks" mother was born at Granville, Washington Co., N. Y., October 15, 1798, removed to Springfield township, this county, in 1810; and died January 11, 1876, at the age of seventy-six years. Nathaniel H. Mat- tocks is the eldest in a family of five children, and is the only survivor, lie followed the trade of wagon-maker for thirty years, having com- menced it in 1847, and then took up farming. lie owns a fine farm of eighty-five acres. Mr. Mattocks was in the Civil War in the One Hundred and Thirty-second r. V. I., and participated in the battles of South Mountain and Antietam, Md., and Fredericksburg, and Chan- cellorsville, Ya.; afterward he joined the New York Engineers, and in 1864-65 was at Citv Point, and saw the last shots fired in front of Petersburg, Ya., from" Fort Steadman Mr. Mattocks was married, April 18, 1853, to Elizabeth Iluson, who was born May 7. 1821, and they have had one son, Frank H., born June 10, 1854, who has been a merchant, but at present is a farmer. Mr. Mattocks was first a Republican, but is now an Independent. He is a member of the G. A. P., and a pensioner of the Civil War; he is a great temperance man; a genial gentleman and a good neighbor. THOMAS MAXWELL (deceased), a son of Hector and Irene Maxwell, was born in Elmira, N. Y., November 1, 1822. When twelve years of age he entered the store of JNIr. Tuttle, at Elmira, settled in 'i?roy, and engaged in business where the Pomeroy Bros'. Bank now stands. In 1851 he formed a partnership with H. S. Leonard, in which he continued two years. In' 1857 he again entered into partnership with H. S. and S. M. Leonard, and, as Maxwell, Leonard & Bros., con- tinued in general merchandising until 1862, when the business was sold to S. M. Leonard, and the firm of Maxwell c^- Leonard engaged in the produce business until the fall of 1866. In 1855, soon after the completion of the railroads at Troy, he became station agent, contin- uing in same for a year ; then spent some time in Savannah, Ga., in business with Mr. "^Horace Morse. In 1866 the firm of Redington, Maxwell 6c Leonard was formed, and they erected the store now occu- ])ied by II. S. Leonard & Son, in which "they opened, October 20,^of that vear, as dealers in general merchandise, continuing until 1874, when' Mr. Maxwell retired from active business. Mr. Maxwell always took an active part in the public affairs of Troy, was a member of the council for several terms, and was a prominent Mason and Odd Fellow. A man of sterling character and business capacity, he was honored and respected bv all who knew him. He died September 23, 1875. His wife was Eliza A., daughter of Orrin P. and Eliza A. (Spalding) iJallard, of Trov, to whom he was nuirried, September 18, 1850, the issue of the union being tw(j children : Fannie E. (Mrs. McKean Long) and William P. Wir.LiAM P. Maxwkll was born June 20, 1864, and was educated in the public schools of Trov and the academy of Chester, Pa., grad- uating as a civil engineer in"^1884. In February. 1885, he embarked in the drug business in Troy, as a member of the fii'm of Stuart iSc Max- w^ell, in which he has since successfully continued. On January 3, HISTORY OF RHADFORD COUNTY. 1015 188S, he married Edith, daughter of James and Emily (Walton) Fred- ericks, of Lock Haven, Pa. Mr. Maxwell is a member of the Presby- terian Church, and is a Republican in politics. WILLIAM MAXWELL, attorney and counselorat law, Towanda, though comparatively a .young man in the profession, yet is reckoned one of the prominent and influential members of the Bradford county bar. lie is a native of Steuben county, IST. Y., born March 18, 1852, "a son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Carey) Maxwell, of Irish nativity, who came to America and located and made their home near Bath, in Steu- ben county, IST. Y., on their farm, and there spent the remainder of their days. The father died in 1853, when his youngest child, William, was about twelve montiis old ; there were three other children then living. The youngest son grew to manhood in his native phice, and his mother tenderly cared for him, and sent him to the public schools of the place, and then to Bath, N. Y. Quitting school at an early age, he soon found employment as a handy boy in a store, commencing in the hum- blest capacity, but rapidly picking uj) a knowledge of the business and the ways of the business world, and meeting rapid promotions. Then he entered the office of Peet & Davis, Towanda, as a law student in 1873, where his diligence in his studies, his quick perceptions and ana- lytical mind enabled him to master the books, pass a successful exami- nation and receive his license as an attorney and counselor at law in May, 1875. He at once formed a partnership with Mr. Andrew^ Wilt, Towanda, and they opened their office to clients, to practice in all the courts. This firm continued one year, and then Mr. Maxwell opened his law office, and has called about him a large and eminently respectable clientage, and has pushed his way to the front of the Brad- ford bar with unequaled strides. His executive abilities marked him as a leader of men, and the Democracy of Bradford county called him to the chairmanship of their county central committee, ancl also made him a member of the State committee. He has signalized his dis- charge of these onerous official duties with marked ability. The third ward of Towanda is largely Ilepublican, the majority reaching from ninety to one hundred in a poll of about 300 votes. In 1888 he was elected member of council for three years for this ward (in which he resides), w^as chosen burgess of Towanda, and at the end of his term, in 1801, was re-elected councilman over his competitor, by more than two votes to his competitor's one. He has rendered the ])eople of the borough valuable service. As an organizer in political campaigns, he has few equals; as a leader, he is regarded as safe and discreet; as a lawyer he is careful and painstaking, and stands at the head of his profession. He was united in marriage, January 3, 1877, to Anna D., daughter of John Beidleman, of German extraction. D. SMITH MAY, farmer, of Granville township, P. O. Windfall, was born in Essex county, N. J., September 30, 1823, and is a son of Anthony and Huldah (Corby) May, who settled in Canton township, this county, in 1834, and later in Troy township. The father, who was a manufacturer of tobacco, died in Ithaca, N. Y.; his children were: Daniel S., David J., Stephen W.. William II.. John C. and Woodford C, all of whom reside in Bradford county. D. Smith May was reared 1016 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. in Bradford county from twelve years of age, since wliich time most of his 3^ears have been spent in Granville township. He cleared the farm now owned by Patrick Maney, in Granville, one in Canton owned by Eustace Clason, a part of the farm he now occupies, and also a portion of the Fitch farm. He married, April 1, 1844, Garafilia, daughter of Joel and Esther (Avery) Packard, of Granville township, and has four children : Jerome B., Mary (Mrs. John S. Fenton), Leland and Lillie (twins), the latter being now Mrs. Myers Case. Mr. May was in the Civil War, enlisted September 5, 1864, in Company K, Fifteenth New York Engineers, and was honorably discharged June 13, 1865 ; he is a popular and enterprising citizen ; has held several township offices ; is a member of the F. & A. M., and in politics is a Republican. T. S. MAY, dealer in boots and shoes, Athens, is a native of West Fairlee, Yt., and was born January 18, 1842. His parents were George and Jane (Fulton) May, the former also a native of West Fairlee, Yt., born January 7, 1800, and died December 2, 1846 ; the latter is now a resident of Boston, Mass. George May represented his county in the State Legislature during the years 1836, 1837, 1840 and 1841, and held numerous local offices ; he also aided in organizing the anti-slavery , party in Yermont. T. S. May is the youngest in a family of four chil- dren, of whom two are living ; his brother, George May, was president of the First National Bank, St. Johnsbury, Yt., until 1885, when he accepted the position of secretary of the Massachusetts Mortgao^e and Debenture Company, of Boston, where he resides. T. S. May was in the employ of the Lehigh Yalley Railroad Company sixteen years, during thirteen of which he was train dispatcher; then traveled through the West about two and one-half years, when he came to Athens, and engaged in the boot and shoe trade in the spring of 1889. Jle was married in Newark Yalley, N. Y., in 1869, to Miss Ellen M., daughter of William H. and Miranda (Burbank) AYade, natives of War- ren, Pa., residents of Newark Yalley, N. Y.; she is tlie second in a familv of nine children, and was born in Newark Yallev, September 13, 1848. Responding to his country's call, Mr. May enlisted, September 12, 1861, in Company C, First Regiment, Yermont Cavalry, and took part in seventy-five battles and skirmishes; was wounded and captured near Boonsboro, Md., July 8, 1863, was paroled about the 2nth of the same month, and was mustered out at Burlington, Yt., August 9, 1865. He is a member of the F. & A. M., Rural Amity Lodge, No. 70, and in politics he is a Republican. WILLIAM H. MAY, farmer, in Springfield township, P. O. Big Pond, was born May 4, 1833, in Newark, N. J., a son of Anthony and Hulda (Corby) May, the former of whom was a native of New York City, and came to this county, settling at Canton in 1836; he was a manufacturer of cigars and tobacco, lived to the age of fifty years, and died at Binghamton, N. Y.; the mother died at tlieage of seventy- two years. The families were of English ancestry. William II. May is the sixth in a family of nine children, all sons, five of whf)m are liv- ing. He enlisted, in the summer of 1861, in Company E, Fifty-securlington; she is a niece of R. M. Knai)p, of Burlington, and her family were among the pioneers of the township ; her father is a grocer at Luther's Mills in which business he has been engaged many years, and is now seventy-one years of age. Mr. and Mrs. Morgan are residing on the old homestead of her father and grandfather, a nice farm of about eighty acres. They have had one child— a son named Mortimer M. M., born June 12, 1868. Mr. Morgan was several years in the grocery business at Campbell, N. Y., and Sayre, Pa. He is a Republican, has been treasurer of the town many years, and is a member of the G. A. R. Tlie family are members of the Church at Luther's Mills. Mr. Morgan is respected by the entire communitv. DWIGHT MORLEY, farmer, P. O. Bentley Creek, was born, Feb- ruarv 26, 1831, in Springfield township, this county, a son of Walter and Julia (Sargent) Morley, both born m Litchfield, Conn., of English origin ; they removed to Bradford county in 1828, and settled at Leona. The father was a blacksmith, and followed iiis trade at that place until 1844, when he removed to Wellsbui'g, and engaged in the hotel busi- ness up to his death, which occurred when he was aged eighty years. The grandfather, Walter Morley, was a captain in the Revolutionary War, and a hotel-keeper. D wight Morley was apprenticed to the carpenter's trade, which business he followed until 1862, when he enlisted in Company K, One Hundred and Forty-first N. Y. V. I., and served as a sergeant in the Army of the Potomac ; he saw considerable hard service, but on account of the loss of health he w^as mustered out, and returned home, and he is now in the enjoyment of a pension. Mr. Morley was twice married, first time, in January, 1856, to Sarah Stev- ens, who died, and he then married, July 5, 1869, his present wife, Catherine Rhodes, of Elmira, N. Y., who was born December 25, 1848, and by her he has two children : La Francis, born August 31, 1881, and Fav D., born February 18, 1884. Mr. Morley is the owner of a beau- tiful farm of seventy-five acres, under a good state of cultivation, with fine buildings, and carries on dairying and stock-raising; he is a mem- 1030 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ber of the G. A. K., Bingham Post, No. 555, a Ke])ublican in politics, and is one of the substantial and reliable men of tlie township, much respected by a large circle of friends. J. D. MORRIS, proprietor of Quarry Glenn Stone Works, Sheshe- quin township, P. O. C^uarr}^ Glen, was boi-n in Greene county, N. Y., March 19, 18-1-2, a son of J/D. J. and Margaret D. (Uedritch)^ Morris, natives of Germany and Greene county, N. Y., respectively. The father came to the United States with his parents, when a small child, and was brought up, and learned the butcher's trade, and then went in the drovers business. He was married in Greene county, and reared his family there; his business, while in Greene county, was deabng in stone, and he was pi-oprietor of the quarries at Maiden and Cats- kill ; he now resides in Philadelphia. His mother died August 31, 1874. His father's family consisted of eight children — five boys and three girls — two, John C. and Wm. H., deceased, while the others live in Philadelphia. J. D. Morris spent his boyhood in Greene county N. Y., where he attended the common schools, and received his educa- tion ; he learned the trade of stone-cutter in his father's quarries. In 1861, he opened a quarry in Greene county, N. Y.,and conducted this until February 22, 1864,'when he enlisted in Company E, fifteenth Regiment, New York Engineers, and was discharged, June 13, 1805, at Fort Berry, Va., at the close of the wai-. He was engaged in building bridges, repairing roads, etc. After returning from the army he opened a quarry in Ulster county, N. Y., and operated same two years ; then located at Philadelphitu and dealt in granite and blue-stone, remaining there five years, then, in 1874, came to his present place, and was foreman for the' Pliiladelphia and Susquehanna Blue Stone Co.'s (Quarry, one and one-half years, after which he commenced operating a quarry for himself, and his product is a stone that is unsurpassed^ m quality by any in the United States. He works about twenty-five men during the summer months, and ships to Philadelphia, Baltimore and Florence, turning out, annually about 200,000 tons; and supplies the stone for many of the most noted ])ublic buildings in the county, and many of the finest residences. The machinery for Avorking the quarries consists of several huge derricks, four rip-saws, with steam power furnished by two ten-horse-power portable engines. Mr. Morris was married, December 4, 18 — , to Mary A., daughter of Archi- bald Davis, of Greene county, N. Y., and hasafamily of live children : Ella J., married to Ellsworth Gooding, and has one son ; Edward S., the only son was married, August 5, 1891, to Myra A. Gilletta;Louetta, died June 14, 1891, after an illness of but a few" days, in her nineteenth vear; Ada and Mary. Mr. Morris is a member of Watkins Post, No. 68, G. A. R.; I. O. O. F., Valley Lodge, No. 108,Towanda; is officer of the day in the G. A. R. Post, and in politics is a Republican. The family"^ moved to Towanda, in March, 1891 , and are members of the Methodist Ejiiscopal Church. THOMAS J.MORRIS, of Pike township, car|)enter and joiner, P. O. LeRaysville, was born in Towanda, Novemlici- 26, 18;^>7, and is the eldest of five children of John and Elizabeth (.Icnkins) -iMorris, natives of Wales, and a grandson of William and Mary (Lewis) Morris. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1037 His maternal oraiulparents were Joseph and Elizabetli (Jones) Jenk- ins, and tliey were tiie first Welch Taniil}' tliat settled in Pike. John Morris was born in 1806, came to Ameriparin 18»>2, and wor-ked at the carpenter's trade one year in New YorJ^then took up a farm in Tike township, and lived there a year. In 1835 he went to Towanda, and took contracts in the carpentering business for fourteen years, and built the first Roman Catholic, Episcopal, and Methodist Ejiiscopal churches in Towanda, also the first ''Ward House'' and the C. L. AVard residence, and man}^ other buildings in that place. In 1840 he returned to Pike, and was emploj^ed by Caleb Cannalt, thirteen years, in constructing- the buildings around Cannalt's lake. In 1862 he engaged in farming where he now lives. Thomas J. was educated in the common schools and Towanda graded school, and worked with his father at the car- penter's trade until twenty-four years old. when he started in business for himself, and went to Tennessee, in 1862, where he was a "squad boss'' in the United States' construction department for six months. He was drafted to enter the arm}^, but paid for a substitute, and returned to Leiiaysville. Later he entered the quartermaster depart- ment at Alexandria. Ya., and after six months re-entered the con- struction department, where he remained until the close of the war. He had charge of 130 men, and was paid a salary of $140 a month. At the close of the war he attended the grand review. President Lin- coln's funeral, and many noted public events, then returned to Pike and jnirchased a farm, which he now owns, and where his father lives. In 1881 he built his own beautiful residence in LeRaysville. June 4, 1865, Mr. Morris married Sophia, daughter of John and Jane (Will- iams) Williams, natives of Wales, and they have had six children: Wal- ter T., born November 24, 1867, married to Sarah Smith, May 6,1891; Nellie E., born September 5, 1873 ; George R., born March ^27, 1877 ; Grace, born June 11, 1879, died February 10, 1882; Mabel, born August 3, 1885, and Fred, born August 19,"^ 1888. Mrs. Morris is a member of the Congregational Church. Mr. Morris is a member of the Masonic Lodge, and is a Republican ; he has been a member of the borough council nine years, and school director the same length of time, besides having held other minor offices. NEWTON J. MORROW, farmer, of Herrick township, P. O. Ballibay, was born in Herrick township, this county, January 31, 1848; His father, Hamilton Morrow, was born in County Monaghan, Ireland, in 1812, and came to this county in 1826. He first purchased fifty acres of land and, later, 120 acres, which he afterward exchanged for fifty acres adjoining his original purchase; in 1862 he purchased fortv- four acres and, in 1872, fifty acres, making a total of 194 acres in Her- rick, besides 189 acres he had in Wyalusing. He was a successful far- mer, and followed lumbering; he died of apoplexy in 1886. In 1839 he married Jane, daughter of Thornas and Catherine (Walsh) Walker, the fourth in a family of six children, and she bore him the following- children : James (deceased), Catherine Anne (wife of J. A. Morrow), Dr. Francis G. (of Warren Centre), William J., Mary Jane (deceased), Julia F. (deceased,) William T., Arietta (wife of F. Pendleton), Newton J., and two who died in infancy. Mrs. H. Morrow died September 29, 1038 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1874. William T. attended school in Ballibay and Camptown, and taught school two terms in Wyalusing, then worked on a farm one vear, and in 1877, went to Nebraska, but soon returned home and farmed two years, then again went to Nebraska. When he retnrned he purchased of his father, forty-four acres of land, and in 1886, from his brother, N. J. Morrow, fifty acres adjoining his first purchase, and farmed until 1887, when he went to Camptown, and opened a general store, in company with Charles Mallert, under the firm name of Mor- row ife Mallert. They closed this out after two years, and AVilliam T. returned to his farm permanently. He married, December 11, 1883, Carissa, daughter of Miles E. and Sarah (Van Buren) Keed, the third in a family of four children, and they have one child, Edith Geraldine, born in 1888. The family are members of the Keformed Presbyterian Church. Mr. Morrow is a Repnblican in politics. Newton J. JNIorrow attended school in Ballibay and Camptown until his twenty-first year, and then worked on the farm and taught school three winters. " In 1873 he purchased from his father fift}' acres of land in Herrick township, on which he farmed, also carried on the business of buying and shipping hay and grain. In 1875 he went to Eummerfield, and went into business with Wellington Whittaker, deal- ing in general merchandise, under the firm name of Morrow & Whitta- ker, until 1877, when they closed the business out, and he returned to his farm, and has since followed farming, lumbering and shipping. In 1884 he purchased the homestead from his father; he has been school director two years, an elder in the Presbyterian Churcii, elected in June, 1890; politically he is a Republican. In 1872 he married Adeline, daughter of John and Mary (Fee) Nesbit, the eldest of seven children, and they have three children : Mary Jane, Hamilton and John Andrew. C. T. MORSE, farmer, LeRoy, was born in LeRoy, this county, December 30, 1834, a son of Sullivan and Phoebe (Bailey) Morse, also natives of the county. The father was a son of Jesse Morse, who located in LeRoy township, this count}^ about the year 1805, having been for- merly a resident of Massachusetts. The family consisted of seven chikfren — five daughters and two sons — all of whom are now living. C. T., who is the second in the family, was reared in LeRoy township, educated in the common schools, and in early life learne(l the black- smith's trade, which he followed fifteen years; also worked at the mason's ti-ade, and then engaged in farming. He was married, at LeRoy, October 4, 1857, to Elma McKee, who was born in 1840, a daughter of Robert and Hannah McKee, the former of whom was born in Seneca county, N. Y., in 1815, the latter in LeRoy, in 1818. To tiiem were born six children, five of whom are now living, as fol- lows: Eva, born in 1858; Floyd, born in 1859 (married Ann, dauo-hter of Wesley and Belle Kerr); Clarice, born in 1865 (married John Kerr); Gertrude, born in 1868, and Martin L., born in 1872. Mi-. Morse is an Independent-Republicnn, and has held various offices of public trust, such as judge of elections and commissitmer ; he is a member of the Grange. HON. GEORGE MOSCRIP, farmer and salesman, P. O. Burling- ton, was born in Greenock, Scotland, January 23, 1840, a son of HISTORY OF RRADFOKD COUNTY. 1030 Andrew and Fanny (White) Moscrip, former of whom was a carpenter and builder ; he was a native of Scotland, and when a young man removed to America where he was marr'ied, l)ut after some years he returned to his native country. The mother was a direct descendant of Peregrine White (of the Pilgrim stock), who was the first male child born in the Plymouth colony. The paternal grandfather was a graduate of the University of Edinburgh, was a clergyman of what was known as the secession'branch of the Scotch Presbyterian Church, and was the pastor of that church at Greenoclv forty years. Andrew Moscrip was an educated man, but chose a trade in preference to a profession. Returning to America he settled in Herriclv township, in 1840, and died at the age of sixty -three years, his wife at the age of forty-eight. Their son George, our subject, who was educated in the schools of the township, and at LeRaysville Academy, taught school most of the time, from sixteen years of age until he was thirt}^ and has, for many years, been engaged in the sale of school books and apparatus. In the fall of 187-i he was elected to the State Legislature, where he served two years. Mr. Moscrip has been twice married: first on April 5, 1870, to Harriet L. Pease, who died in 1874, and afterward, July 18, 1878, to Sarah M. Loomisof Windham, a daughter of Rev. A. W. Loomis, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, a member of the Wyoming Con- ference ; she was born at Rome, this county, September 18, 1853, and died August 27, 1891. They ha(l born to them five children : Fannie E., George L., Andrew L., Lewis S. and Clarence A. In the Civil War Mr. Moscrip served in the commissary department of the Second Array Corps. Lie is one of the representative men of the county. E. M. MOSIIER, farmer and stock-raiser, a son of Earl and Abigail (Mackey) Mosher, natives of the State of New York, was born in Alban}^" county, N. Y., October 5, 1834. His father's family were of French descent, and grandfather Mosher was among the early pioneers of Dutchess county, N. Y. His mother's people were of Dutch and Irish extraction ; his grandfather, on his mothers side, was a colonel in the War of 1812. The father emigrated to this county in 1872, and died August 24, 1889, at the age of eighty-two; the mother died in New York, March 12, 1876, aged sixty-four ; they were farmers. E. M. Mosher was educated in the State of New York, first in the common schools and afterward he attended the New York Conference Seminary, of Charlotteville, N. Y., about one year, having to leave the Institution on account of sickness before receiving his degree, When twenty -two years old he engaged in teaching, and continued at that four years, during the winter months, farming during the summer ; he then devoted his attention to farming and now owns the "Seven Oaks farm," situated in the Milan Yalley ; it is beautifully located, and contains 125 acres of bottom and upland, besides a dairy of eighteen cows. February 15. 1800, he was united in marriage with Sarah E., daughter of G. W. and Silvia C. (Newel) Stryker, and they had the following children : Lillian (the oldest). May (wife of Henry Nolte, of Duluth, Minn.), one died in infancy, Georgie, Dency, Sarah, Eva and John. Mr. Mosher is a member of the Baptist Church, and is a trustee of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; in politics he is a Democrat. 1040 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. JAMES S. MOSIIER, M. D., Austinville, born in Columbia town- sliii), this county, January 24, 18(VT, is a son oC Coinelius II. and Martha (Vankirk) Mosher; his paternal <>'i"antll"iither, William A. Mosher, and maternal grandfather, Joseph V'ankirk, wei-e pioneers oi" Columbia and Wells townships, respectively. The subject of this sketch was reared in his native township, and educated at Troy public schools, where he took a preparatory course for college. In 1882 he began the study of medicine with Dr. T. D. Gray, of Sylvania, later with Dr. E. G. Tracy, of Troy, and entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, Md., in 1889, and in May 1891, he began the practice of his profession in Austinville, where he is now located. On April 16, 1891,' the Doctor married Laura, daughter of Lesser and Hannah (Lesser) Lesser, of Bremen, Germany. Dr. Mosher is a mem- ber of the I. O. O. F. Lodge, ISo. 920, Sylvania, and politically he is a Democrat. REV. ABRAHAM M. MOTT. P. O. Granville Centre, was born in Southport, Chemung Co., N. Y., August 28, 1824, a son of Alvah and Anna (VanCampen) Mott, of German descent. He was reared in his native county, and received ver}' limited school advantages. He served an apprenticeship at the blacksmith's trade, as carriage ironer, in Elmira, N. Y., and settled in Granville, this county, in 1845, where he worked at his trade, with the exception of the time he was in the army, until 1865. In 1861, he enlisted in Capt. Tilford's Company, Fiftieth Regiment, P. V. I., but was soon discharged, on account of disability. In 1864, he re-enlisted, this time in Company F, One Hundred and Eighty-eighth N. Y^. V. I., and was honorably discharged at close of the war. On April 16, 1885, he was ordained a minister of the Church of Christ, and he is an advocate and worker in Sunday- schools, and is a successful revivalist. He married, January 1, 1846, Cynthia, daughter of Elisha Bailey, of Granville, and has one son, Devyr, now a prominent }ihysician of Fontana, Kans. Mr. Mott, some years ago, was a[)pointed United States Pension Attorney b}'^ the Government. He has been a successful official, and practised before all departments of the Pension Bureau, at AVashington, D. C. He has held several of the minor offices in Granville; is a member of the G. A. R., McKee Post, No. 584, West Franklin, Pa., and in ])oliticshe is a Re])ublican. II. K. MOTT, farmer, P. O. LeRoy, was born in Middletown, Dela- ware Co.. N. Y"., May 19, 1838, a son 'of Matthew and Mary (Knicker- bocker) Mott, natives of Germany, the former of whom was born in New York, in 1808. Matthew Mott removed from New York in the year 1851, and located in LeRoy, where he built a tannery the same year, which he operated until his death, which occurred March 12, 1877. He was twice married, and l)y his iirst wile he had children, as follows: Knickerbocker, Hiram K., Pratt. Matthew B., Phebe and Sophia, and by the second wife he had as follows: Fremont, Thomas, Samuel, Mary, Myrtle, Al.ce and Ann, all of whom grew to maturity, ten living in this county. II. K. Mott was reared and educated in LeRoy, and in early life he learned the tanner's trade in all its depart- ments, continuing the business until his twenty -sixth year, after which HISTORY OF HRAnFORl) COUNTY. 1041 he became a prosperous speculator, and is now a farmer of extensive means. On January 1, 1859, he married JVIary E., daughter of George and Sailie M. Whipple, who removed to this county in 1840. To this union were born six children — live sons and onedaug'hter — viz.: Georo;e W., JohnS., Omar D., Kiah, Andrew and Sadie, the latter married to Charles S. Holcomb, publisher of the Weekly Monogram, oi LeRoy. Mr. Mott has a very extensive carp pond on his farm, and in the fall of 1890 he placed about 1,6Y3 young cai-p therein. Politically he is a Eepublican, and has been favored with many offices of public trust; he now holds his fifth commission as justice of the peace; he is a mem- ber of the I. O. O. F. MARTIN MULLEN, a prominent, respectable farmer of Overton township, .p. O. Overton, a native of Ireland, born November 10, 1837, is a son of Bartholomew and Ann (Judge) Mullen, of County Mayo. The family immigrated to Canada, in 1847, and from there moved to Ovei-ton, in 1851, where they spent the remainder of their lives, the father dying in 18()2;the mother yet survives. Martin is the fifth in a farail}^ of nine children ; his childhood was spent on his father's farm, commencing at a young age, assisting at the farm work in sum- mer, and attending the short-term winter's school. He has followed the precepts and example of his beloved parents, and from his fathers farm he went out into the world on his own account and continued farming. His fortune, chiefly, was his honest industry and thought- ful frugality, and this is told in the fact that he is now the possessor of a farm of 100 acres of rich land in Bradford county, all iiighly improved. Martin Mullen married Sabina Clark, of Williamsport, daughter of John and Barbara (Brown ) Clark, of Ireland, who came to this country in 1853. Of this happy union are the following chil- dren : Mary Ann (wife of John Welch). Edward J. (school teacher) and Barbara C. The familj^ are members of the Catholic Church. Mr. Mullen has been road commissioner, and votes the Democratic ticket, THOMAS MULLEN, farmer, P. O. Overton. [See sketch of his brother, Martin Mullen, for family i-ecoi'd.] He was born in Ireland in December, 1829, the eldest in a family of nine children, grew to manhood in his native home, and came with his father's family to Overton in 1851. He has spent his life farming, having commenced a poor boy, but is now the ptoud possessor of 100 acres, a finelj' imjiroved farm, that is the dear old family home. He married, in Williamsport, in 1855, Bridget, daughter of Matthew and Johanna (Brown) Murray, natives of Ireland. To this union were born the following children: Mary E., Annie B., Johanna A., Anthony J. and Maggie A. The family are members of the Roman Catholic Church, and are among the most respected people of Bradford county. Mr. Mullen has held the office of school director for twenty-five years, road commissioner for the term of twelve years, and township auditor - several years ; has been ])oor mastei- and school ti-casurer, and in poli- tics he is a Democrat. ALEXANDER MURDOCK, a, lavnier and stock-grower, P. O. Ulster, was born in Ayishii'e, Scolland, Jiwie 2(5, 1825, and is a son of 1042 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Robert and Margaret (Pollock) Murdock, natives of the same place. His father died in Scotland in 1849, but his mother survived about twenty years. Alexander came to this countr}^ in 1849, and located on a farm in Ulster, His father was a weaver, and worked in the cloth mills of Gaulstone, Scotland, but did not follow this trade many years. Our subject received a common-school education in his native l)lace, but was put to work at the loom when ten years old, and fol- lowed weaving* until he was twenty-one, when he was appointed to a })osition on the police force of Kilmarnock, where he served three years. The farm he purchased was covered with heavy timber which he cleared, and he now owns the farm he cleared on first coming here, which consists of 200 acres of upland, and is well improved and under a splendid state of cultivation. Of his immediate ancestors he knows but little, and with the exceptions of his own family he has no relatives in this country. He Avas married, in Scotland, to Janette, daughter of George and Helen (Patterson) Rodgers, natives of Gaulstone, and to them the following named children were born : Robert and George R., born in Scotland (Robert is now a phvsician in Wilkes-Barre); Christina, wife of Adolphus Watkins ; Maggie, wife of Louis Pussell, of Wisconsin; Alexander, a prominent farmer of Smithfield; Ellen, wife of A. ]^. Eockwell, of Ulster; James, of Binghamton, N. Y. and Carrie. In religious belief Mr. Murdock is a Baptist, and in his political views he is a Republican. GEORGE Pt. MURDOCK, farmer and stock-grower, P. O. Ulster, is a son of Alexander and Janette (Patterson) Murdock, and was born in Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland, October 11, 1848. His parents immigrated to this country when he was about eight months old, and settled in Ulster township ; the son attended the Ulster schools until nearly twenty-one years of age, and received a good common-school education, assisting the father in clearing 150 acres of land, which he now owns. He was married, September 16, 1886, to Georgia, daughter of William and Jessie (Gallespie) Irving, and is the father of two children — Lawrence and William. His wife's ])eople are of Scotch descent, and she was born in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, and immigrated to this countrv about 1 870. Mr. Murdock cultivates six acres of tobacco yearly, besides the cereal crops, and now owns the old homestead, which consists of 150 acres of upland, and, with the exception of about three acres in woodland, is all under cultivation ; he also keeps twenty- one cows for dairy purposes. His wife is a member of the Presby- terian (Miurch, and he is a Methodist in his belief, but is not attached to any church : he is a Repul)lican in ])olitics. J()IIN H. MURRAY, farmer and stock-dealer. South Wavei'ly, is a native of the place, born Ma}^ 20, 1826. His parents were Harris and Ellen (Gordon) ISIurray, the former a farmer, a native of xVthens township, born in June, 1800; his death occurred August 4, 1877; the latter was a native of Standing Stone township, and died in 1880. Mr. Hai-ris Murray was twice married, the; second time to So])hia Canfield, a native of Sniilhsborough, Tioga Co., Ts^. V., and is now in her ninetieth year, and I'esides on the old homestead in South Waverly. John is the second in a family of live children \>y the first marriage; HISTORY OF BRAUFOKD COUNTY. 1043 hie was reared on the farm, and in 1850 started a meat-market, which he sold in the spring- of 1862, and rented two large farms, and engaged in buying and selling cattle, mules and horses. During the wnv he bought horses and sold them to the Government. In 1870 he again started a meat-market, this time with S. W. Miller, his brother-in-law, and they followed the business about twelve years. In 1870 he pur- chased a tract of timber land at Wyncoop Creek, Chemung Co., N. Y., which contained 525 acres of valuable timber, and erected a sawmill on it, and was engaged in lumbering about twenty-one years. He sold $16,000 worth of lumber off the tract, erected a large barn, and has been improving the land since. ' In the same year he bought a tract of land in Charles county, Md., which contained 800 acres, of which 700 is timber land ; he also owns considerable land in this county, on which he keeps stock. He has had charge of the stock-yards in Waverl}^ for the Lehigh Valley Railroad since they built their line. He was married in Athens township, December 28, 1850, to Jane, daughter of Alvin and Eliza (Parmater) Morley, natives of Connecti- cut. Mr. Morley was a miller early in life, and later went to Man- chester, Iowa, and bought 1,800 acres of land for a speculation. He invented a barb wire for fencing, but did not have it patentetl. Mrs. Murray was the third of a familv of five children, born in Athens township, June 3,1832; she died April 15,1888. She was a consist- ent member of the Presbyterian Church. They had two children, Lida and John H. The latter is en^a^'ed in the coal business for the D. L. vfc W. R. R, Co. at South Waverly. Mr. ]VIurray is a member of the F. & A. M., Rural Amity Lodge, No. 70. He served as burgess of South Waverh^ borough two years, and was township commissioner three years; was nominated for county treasurer, but was defeated with his ticket; he is a L^emocrat in politics. J. R. MURRAY, dealer in boots and shoes. Sayre, is a native of Orange county. N. Y., born February 3, 1845, and is a son of Thomas and Harriet (Dunning) Murray, also natives of Orange county. The father, who was a farmer, died in 1879, in his seventy-third year; the mother survives. Our subject's maternal grandfather, Benjamin Dun- ning, was a soldier in the AVar of 1812. J. R. Murray, who is the eldest in a family of six children, received a public-school education, read law and was admitted to the bar in Tioga count\% N. Y^., in 1875, but did not practice his profession long, as he engaged in the insurance business, in 1867, and has followed it more or less since. He was married, in Wav- erly, to Addie E., daughter of George and Emily (Crawford) Goulden, natives of Connecticut, the former of whom is a cabinet-maker (she is the second in a family of eight children, and was born in Waverly, April 12, 1848). Mrs. A. E. Murray had a ladies' fancy-goods store in Waverly about four years. To this union were born two children, viz.: Albert and Lora. The family removed to Sayre in 1883, and he engaged in his present business. Mrs. Murray is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Murray is a member of the Royal Arcanum and Equitable Aid Union; is chief engineer of the Fire Depart- ment of Sayre, and is a member of the Wilbiu' Hook and Ladder Com- panj'. He is a Republican, and served as justice of the peace, two terms, 104:4 HISTORY OF BRADFORD ^ OUNTY. police justice, one term, and was town clerk and collector, Waverlv, N. Y. He is now a justice of the peace for Sayre borough, havino- been elected to that office in P'ebruary, 1891, for a term of five vears. II is }ieculiar litness for the office was so well known that he was elected without opposition. Mr. Murray is a fluent and eloquent speaker, and has delivered a o-ood many addresses in his section of the county. He has, upon two different occasions, delivered the Memorial Address at Sayre and at AVaverly, and they were spoken of as the finest ever delivered at either of these places. BERLIN F. MYEK, coal merchant, Towanda, was born in Monroe township, this countv, March, 1843. and is a son of Henr^^ B. and Sarah (Young) Myer. His paternal grantlfather, Jacob IMyer, a native of New Jersey, settled in Franklin township, in 1817. His maternal grandfather was Martin Young, formerly of Orange county, N. Y.,and later a pioneer miller of Bradford county, [For history of the Myer family see sketch of Capt. George V. Myer.] Berlin F. Myer was reared in Monroe township, receiving a common and select school education. He was in the Civil War, enlisting August 1), 1861, in Company K. Fiftieth P. V. I., and participated in the battles of Hilton Head, Second Bull Eun, South Mountain and Antietam; after the battle of Antietam he was detailed as clerk in the commissary depart- ment, Arn\y of the Potomac, and at Fort Foote. He was captured l)y the enemy during Stuart's raid just before the battle of Gettys- burg, but escaped the following day. He was mustered out of the service in November, 1804, and afterward was a sutler in the army at Fort Foote one year. He returned home in 1865, and in 1866 engaged in the market business at Monroeton, continuing there until 1869, when he located in Towanda, and was in the grocery business two years, then for eleven years furnished meat for the Sch racier Coal Company, at their mines at Carbon run. In 1885 he was in the mercantile business at Monroeton with D. J. Sweet, under the Hrm name of Myer iSz Co. Since 1887 he has been engaged in the coal, baled hay and lime business at Towanda. Mr. Mver married, in 1868, Grace A., daughter of Lorenzo D. and Cynthia (Mace) Bowman, of Towanda, and has four children, as follows: Joseph H., Theresa, Robert A. and Louisa A. Mr. Myer is a member of the Masonic PVaternitv, K. of P. and G. A. P.. and politicallv he is a Republican. CAPTAIX GEORGE V. MYER. pension andpatent attorney and city engineer, Towanda, Avas born in ^Monroe townshij), this county, August 5, 1811, and is a son of Henry B. and Sarah (Young) Myer. His ])aternal grandfather, Jacob J\Iyer, was a native of 1\q\v Jersey'' and settled in Franldin township, in this countv, in 1817, and Avas a farmer. He reared a large family, of whom the father of George Y. was the second son, anil succeeded to the homestead; he followed farming and lumbering until 1S58, and is still a resident of Monroe townshi]). His wife was a dangler of Martin \'oung, formerly of Oranj^c county, N. Y., who was one of the ))ioiU'er millcrsof P>radford countv. Uv h<'r Ih^ had si,\ childnm, vi/.: (leorge V., Berlin F., Ella A. (Mrs. b. J. Sweet), Esther St. L. (Mrs. Eli Griggs), Charles M. and Anna M. (Mrs. Dr. W. J. DeVoe). (Tcorge V., the subject of this HISTORY OF BRADFORD COL'NTY. 1045 sketch, was roared in Bi-adford county, educated at Sus(|uehanna Collegiate Institute, and the Polytechnic College, Philadelphia, lie has been a resident of Towanda since 1867, and for sixteen years has followed the business of a pension and patent attorney. He was in the Civil War, enlisting August 9, 1861, in Company K, Fiftieth Regiment P. V. 1., and re-enlisted January 1, 1864. He Vas promoted to lieu- tenant and to captain of his compan^^ He was wounded and taken prisoner at the battle of Spottsylvania Court House, was paroled and exchanged April 11, 1865, being for eleven months a prisoner-of-war; he was honorably discharged from the service Julv 31, 1865. Capt. Myer was married, in 1869, to Ella V., daughter of D. W. Brown, of Wyalusing, this county, and has three children, as follows : Harry W., Willie W. and Cecil B. He is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, the G. A. R, and the Union Veteran Legion, and he has served one term as surveyor of Bradford county; in ])olitics he is a Republican. WILLIAM G. MYERS, conductor on the L. Y. R. R., residence Say re, is a native of Sullivan county, X. Y., and was born May 22, 1850. His young life was a tragedy ; his mother died when he was an infant, and from the best information he can get his father was killed by an accident when he (William G.) was about eighteen months old, and he was left alone in the wide world, with neither kith nor kin to claim him. Mr. Miles kept him until he was nine years of age, when the lad commenced to search for the whole story of his parents and relatives, trying to get some definite information in regard to them. He learned that his fatlier had made arrangements with Mr. Miles (in case any- thing happened him) that he was to take charge of him, and get his pay from the estate. At nine years of age young Myers started out to make his own living, without even having any of the advantages of school. He began work, the first year, for L. Il'indman in the lumber- ing business, and followed that until 1867, when he went as a brakeman on the Erie Railroad, and worked on that line a short time; then went to breaking on the Albany & Susquehanna Railroad, and worked on that line about two years, when he returned to the Erie road and was there several years;' in 1874 he went to braking on the L. Y. R. R., Avas promoted to conductor, in June, 1881, and has held that position since. He had mastered by his own industry all the education necessary for the position. 'He was married, 'in Waverly, X. Y., December 20, 1877, to Dora Belle Tozer. daughter of Frank Tozer, natives of New York ; she was the youngest in order of birth in a family of three children, and Ayas born in Waverly, JST. Y., February 9, 1860, and died March 10, 1889, a most estimable wife, and a consistent mem- ber of the Baptist Church. To Mr. and Mrs Mvers were born four children, as follows: Frank T., Lizzie (deceased). George F. and Nellie D. Mr. Myers is a member of the K. of P.. Xo. 101, Waverly; Equitable Aid tlnion, and Sexennial League. He is a Democrat. A. J. NASH, proprietor of the ''Mountain Yiew Plouse," Canton, is a native of Winfield, Herkimer Co., N. Y.. and was born October 31, 1842, a son of William S. and Jane (Maxum) Nash, natives of Lancashire, England, and Warren county. ]S\ Y.. respectivelv, of Eng- lish and Scotch descent. William S. Nash came from England to 61 1040 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Warren county, N. Y., when he was about eighteen years of age; he was a mechanic, and died in Steuben county, N. Y., in 1861, in his lifty-eighth year. ^[rs. Nash resides in Cohocton, Steuben Co., N. Y. A. J. Nash, who is fifth in order of birth in a famil\^ of seven children, was reared in Herktmer, Otsego and Steuben counties, N. Y. At the breaking out of the war, responding to a call of his country, he enlisted, May 16, 1861, in Company D, Twenty-third N. Y. Y. I., from Elmira, N. Y., for two years, and re-enlisted, in 1864, in Company C, One Hundred and Eleventh Regiment, X. Y. Y. I. After enlisting in 1861, he was detached and put in Gibbon's Fourth Artiller}" Regulars, on detached service, fie participated in the following engagements: Rattles of Bull Run, Centreville, Fredericksburg, South Mountain, Antietam, Slaughter Mountain, and was wounded at Gravelly Run, Ya., in April, 1865, and was sent to Douglass General Hospital, at Washing- ton, where he was mustered out at the close of the war. He returned to Elmira, but removed to Elossburg, Pa., where he engaged in the boot and shoe business up to Octobei", 1885 ; then removed to Norfolk, Ya., and bought a truck farm four miles from the city. Here he i-emained one year, and then returned to Elossburg. In the spring of 1888, he removed to Roaring Branch, and engaged in the hotel busi- ness; was there until April 1. 1891, when he came to Canton, and took charge of the " Mountain Yiew House." Mr. Nash was married in I)lossburg, Pa., in 1866, to Ellen R., daughter of John and Rebecca (Schriner) Evans, natives of Ireland and Tioga county. Pa., respect- ively ; she was the youngest in a family of two daughters and one son, and was born in Blossburo-, August 22, 1845. To Mr. and Mrs. Nash w-«re born seven children: Fred B., AVillard A., Charles A., Hester E., Jay Raymond (deceased), Jennie and Bella. Mr. Nash is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, Blossburg Lodge, No. 350, A. Y. M.; also a member of the G. A. R., Ingham Post, No. 91. Politically he is a Democrat. DANIEL C. NEWELL, cabinet-maker. Troy, was born in Cum- berland, Md., March 5, 1841, a son of Lewis P. and Caroline M. (Web- ler) Newell, natives of Connecticut. His father was a millwright by trade, and in early life located in Armenia township, this count}', remaining there several years. In 1839 he went to Cumberland, Md.; returned to Bradford county in 1859, and resided in Armenia town- ship until 1890, when he removed to Tioga county. Pa.; where he now resides. Daniel ('. Newell, the subject of this sketch, was reared in Cumberland, Md., and at the age of twenty he located in Troy, Pa., where he learned the cabinet-maker's trade. He was in the Civil War, enlisting September 15, 1864, in Company X, Fifteenth New York Engineers, and was honorably dischai'ged, June 13, 1865, after nine montlis' service. He has i-esided in Troy township since 1861, and was married. March 23, 1864, to ]5etsy A., daiigliter of Timothy and Delia (Cowell) Case, of Troy, and they have two children: Fred W. and Grace AI. Mr. Newell has been in theemj)l()y of L. 11. Oliver, of Troy, twenty-two years; he is a member of the G. A. li.. and in politics is a Republican. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1047 E. J. NEWELL, a prominent farmer of Slieslie(|uin township, P.O. Ilornbrook, was born January ^(i, 1829, in Slieslieijuin township, this county, on the farm now occupied by John (/haffee, and is a son of Stephen and Catherine (Cole) Newell, the former of whom was a native of Bradford county, and the latter of Kingston, N. Y. Grand- father Abel Newell came to this county from (yonnecticut about 1784, locating in the vicinity of Hornbrook, and lived here until his death ; the grandmothers maiden name was Sallie AVilcox ; a ))oi'tion of her family passed through the terrors of the Wyoming massacre. Stephen Newell was boi-n in 1800, and i)assed his entire life on the farm now occupied by his son ; he had ten children, viz.: Maria (died in infancy), David, John, Sallie (married to William Skinner, of Minnesota), Cath- erine (married to Joseph Keegan), William (died aged seventeen), Sylvie (married to George Frink, and died, leaving a family of three children), George (died aged seventeen), Mary (married to Ransom Horton) and E. J. Our subject's earl\' life was spent on his father's farm, with only the average adv^antages of a farmer's son. When twenty -six years old he commenced life for himself, managing his father's farm, and then purchased part of what is now known as the Lige llorton farm, which he still owns; it contains sixty acres, and is a part of the old homestead. He married, August 3, 1854, Eliza, daugh- ter of Abram and Caroline Patterson, and to this union came children as follows: Eva (married to Joel llorton, a teacher). Aline (married to C. A. Child, a merchant, of Franklyndale). Mrs. Newell is a member of the Metho'Jist Episcopal Church. Mr. Newell is a member of the L O. O. F.. Valley Lodge, No. 446, and has passed all the chairs except No. 2 ; in politics he is a Pepublican. Mr. and Mrs. Newell have passed almost their entire lives in the neighborhood where they now reside, and are noted for their kindness and hospitality; and at their fireside the young people of the vicinity alwaj's find a welcome, and are sure to spend a pleasant time. Mrs. Newell, like her sister Mrs. Culver, has always been a great reader, and has a fine library. J. J. NEWELL, farmer, surveyor and veterinary surgeon, Orwell, was born April 8, 1831, in the house he occupies, in Orwell township, this county, a son of James D. and Licena A. (Grant) Newell. J. J. Newell was born and reared on a farm, educated in the common schools and at Towanda Academy, and when seventeen years old began the study of surveying, under the instruction of Robert McKee, and after a few months he began surveying, which he has followed more or less constantly since. He took possession of his present farm in 1852. In 1857 he was elected county surveyor, has served nine years, and has probably done more surveying than any other man in the county, being noted for the thoroughness and accuracy of his work. Over twenty years ago he began the study of vetei'inary surgery, is now a registered doctor, and has an extensive practice, having been excej)tionalIy successful. He owns one hundi'ed and four acres of fine farm land, well stocked with cattle, sheep and horses. Mr. Newell has l)een twice married: the first time, December 20, 1852, to Charlotte Elsbree, who died August 31, 1857, and he then married, December 31, 1857, Amanda M. (>)wles. daughter of William and Polly W. (Russell) Cowles, 1048 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. whose family consisted of four children, viz.: Amanda M., born July 19, 1832; John'H., born 'December 5, 1834; Chester G., born October 15, 1830, and Mary E., born September 29, 1839, married to Charles Beers, of Orwell Hill, and died in 1886. Mr. and Mrs. Newell have had four children, as follows: Maggie St Leon, born June 29,1860, died aged seven years ; Willie E., born December 15. 1861, died the same week as his sister, both dying of diphtheria; Henry G., born June 13, 1868, and James W., born December 27, 1869. Henry G. has great mechanical ingenuity, and has made some useful inventions, among others an appliance for gearing on wind engines, which shows great ingenuity. The family are meinljers of and active \yorkers in the Presbyterian Church. Henry is also a member of the Y. P. S. C. E., and an active worker in it. Mr. Newell is a stanch member of the Republican party. DPt. J. K. NEWELL, banker and State Senator, Towanda, is a native of Wysox township, tiiis county, and was born July 28, 1843. His parents were Charles and Julia (Smith) Newell, natives of County A[onaghan, Ireland. The Doctor is the fiftrh in the order of birth in a family of two sons and four daugliters. He received his education in the public schools, and in the Wyoming Seminary at Kingston, Luzerne Co., Pa., studied dentistry at LeKaysville, this county, and in 1866 opened an office at Wvalusi'^no-, where he practiced his profession twenty- four years. He was elected, in 1884, State Senator in the Twenty-third District, composed of Bradford and Wyoming counties, and was re-elected in 188S, serving tAvo full terms with distinguished ability and eminence. On January 1, 1890, he was elected cashier of the Citizens National Bank, his present position. Mr. Newell was married in Wysox, in 1874, to Miss Adelaide, daughter of Henry Passmore, and to them were born two sons: Henry P. and James M. (deceased). Dr. Newell is a member of the F. & A. M. and the L O. O. F., No. 808, Wyalusing, and is a Re|)ublican in politics. ALBERT S. NEW.AIAN, merchant, P. O. East Smithtield, was born February 16, 1842. in P:aton, Wyoming Co., Pa., and came to Canton, this county, with his father, when four years of age. He is a son of Samuel H. and Abbie A. (Manley) Newman, natives of Penn- sylvania. His father was a merchant, and he entered his father's store, and wiien a young man went to Troy and clerked several years ; then commenced in mercantile pursuits for himself, and remained tiiere until 1880, when he came to East Sinithfield. He was united in marriage, June 10, 1865, with Carrie, daughter of John and Eliza (Reynokis) McDougal, of Alba. There has come to them one daughter. Helen M., born FcTbruary 16, 1867, now the wife of James H. Phillips, of Smith- li<-I(l. Mr. Newman is a member of the L O. O. F.; is a Republican, and takes an active interest in politics; hasbeen a school director seven years. He has a line farm of 140 acres, which he carries on besides his extensive mercantile intei-csts, and raises stock for the nuirket. Mr. Newman is a very genial and agreeable gentleman, and is resp(^cted by a wide circle of friends; his wile is a consistent member of the Baptist ('hurch. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1040 HENRY T. NEWMAN, farmer, Warren township, I*. (). Warr(Mi Centre. Many \'ears ago tliree Newman i)rothers came to America in tlieship "Ma}' Flower;" one returned, another settled in Connecti- cut and the tiiird in Rhode Island, ami from the latter descended the Newmans of Bradford county, the link being- traced by a son, Samuel Newman, a Presbyterian minister, of whose family not much is definitely known, except that he had a son, Jesse Newman. The latter died in 1814, and his widow died in 1820; of their children was Nathan Newman, who first married Maiy Cole, and by her had three children ; his second marriage was with Chloe Cole, and by her he had four children ; his eldest son was John Newman (by the first wife), who married Sarah Taft, June 6, 1814, and removed to this county in 1819, in company with his brother Nathan, the transportation and possession being two yoke of oxen and a horse; they made their permanent home in Warren township, and boldly met the hard fate of all early pioneers. John Newman died March 20, 1803, and his widow, May l(i, 1869; they had one child, who grew to maturity- Henry T., the subject of this sketch, who was born July 13, 1817. He was sixteen months old when the family came to this county, and was carried in his mother's arms most of the way. These pioneers followed in the long wa}^, through the forests, marking the trees, and it was literally in the wilderness that this child grew and imbibed his first lessons of life, and saw his parents commence the little clearing that eventually became the farm home. He remembers his first impressions, that this dear old farm was the center of the earth, and he felt genuine sorrow for the poor |)eople that lived so far off as New York or London, supposing that they must be very lonesome so " far, far away from home." He has become one of the most important farmers, and is proprietor of 250 acres of fine farm land. He was mar- ried. May 6, 1841, in Warren Centre, to Martha A. Bowen, daughter of George Bowen, and to this union were born two children, Sarah and David C. Sarah married Lewns N. Wade, of Owego, and has three children : George H., John W. and Louis D. Of these children, George H. married Bessie Root, and has one child, Edna A. This last introduces us to the seventh generation that have been looked upon by Henry T. Newman, who had but one ambition — to care for his family. Both ancestors and descendants have always voted the Rejiublican ticket, and Mr. Newman, has in time past, reluctantly filled the local offices of school director, assessor, clerk and auditor. DAVID C. NEWMAN, farmer, of Warren township, P. O. War- ren Centre, was born October 23, 1853, in Warren township, this county, a son of Henry T. and Martha A. (Bowen) Newman, whose sketch is given above. David's sister, Mrs. Lewis N. Wade, resides in Owego, and has three sons: George il., an electrician and superin- tendent of electric lights in Atlanta, Ga.; John W., Jr., a dentist at Sua Paulo, Brazil, S. A., and Louis D., a school lad. David C. New- man, the subject of the sketch, was reared on his fathers farm in Warren township, engaged in farming, and now owns a valuable farm of 150 acres. He was married at Little Meadows, in 1872, to Belle W., daughter of William P. and Jane (Carey) Arnold, natives of 1050 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Pennsylvania. William P. Arnold is the son of Benedict Arnold, and his \vi"fe the daughter of Daniel A. Carey, better known as " Scjuire Carey," as he hati been justice over twenty years. . lielle, the eldest of his children, was born, educated and married in the township. Mr. and Mrs. Newman had four children: Charles, born February 3, 1874; William, born June 9, 1876; Noah, born September 10, 1878, and Martiia J., born April 5, 1880. Mr. Newman is a charter member of Sexennial League; has been town collector, and is a Republican in politics. Mrs. David Newman's mother is a widow, the father having died in 1887. C. F. NICHOLS, justice of the peace, and ticket agent of the D. L. & W. li. R.. Athens, is a native of Burlington, this county, and was born October 2, 1824. His parents were Earland Ursula (Clark) Nich- ols, the former of whom, a native of Rutland, Vt., came to this county when quite young; the latter was a native of Burlington townshij). The father was a prominent farmer, and died on his farm in June, 1860, in his sixty-seventh year; Ursula Nichols died in 1885 in her ei»-hty-tifth year. . C. F. Nichols is the eldest in a family of five chil- (lren,"and was reared on a farm, receiving his early education in the common schools; then attended the academy at Waverly, one year, and Troy Academv, two years; was offered and accepted the principalship of the Bellefonte school one year; taught five years in Burlington vil- lage, and three years in the'district school. He purchased a farm in 18^51, and farmed until 1869, except the time he was in the army. He enlisted in August, 1861, in Coin))any B, Two Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania Regiment, and was mustered out in Washington in May, 1865. " In 1869 he entered the Towanda pos^office as clerk, where he remiined two years; then was elected president of the Boss Fanning Mill Manufacturing Company, a position h^ held three years; after which he went to Kansas, and acted as newspai)er correspondent about six months, and then returned home. In April, 1878, he visited McPherson City, Kan., whither he moved the following year, and purchased a farm of 160 acres, which he operated by hired help. He was elected and served four years as justice of the |)eace, and police judge. Returning, in the spring of 1884, to Elmira, he here remained about one year; was then appointed ticket agent of the D. L. & W. R. R. and removed to Towanda, where he remained until the spring of 1888, when he came to Athens. Mr. Nichols was married in Burlington, April 10, 1851, to Martha, daughter of Thonuis and Elizabeth (Lowe) Smith, natives of Orange county, N. Y.; she is the lifth in a family of eight children, and was born in'Nichols, N. Y., Fel)ruary 9, 1824. To M°. and Mrs. Nichols have been born four children, as follows: Ul3^sses A., deceased; Albert, a telegraph operator in Missouri; Maur- ice J., manager of the Western Union Telegraph, Cheyenne, Wyo., and Maria E., wTfe of L. H. Woodward, conductor on the Lehigh Valley Railroad.' Mrs. Nichols is a meml)ei- of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Nichols was elected auditor of P>i'adford county in 1851, and elected to the State Legislature in 1856, and re-elected in 1857; has served twelve years as justice of the peace; was appointed sergeant-at- arms of the House of Representatives, in 1873; is a member of the G. A. R., Perkins Post, No. 200, and politically is a Republican. HISTORY OF BRADFOIin COUNTY. 1051 JAMES W. NICHOLS, farmer, Burlington township, V. O. Moun- tain Lake, was born October 1, 182(3, in Buriinoton township, this county, a son of Earl and Ursula (Clarke) Nichols. His father, who was of English origin and a native of Chenango county, N. Y., removed to this county with his father when a lad, who settled on Sugar creek, near where the village of Bui-lington now stands; the grandfather of James W. Nichols was born in Connecticut, and was but a lad durins' the Revolutionary War; he married in his native State, and removed to Chenango county, N. Y., remaining only a few years, then came to Burlington, where he was one of the pioneers of the town; he reared a family of ten children, of whom Earl was the second; he died at the advanced age of ninety-seven. Earl Nichols, who was a farmer and a man of influence, died when sixty-six years of age; the mother died at eighty-two years. James W. Nichols, the subject of this sketch, who is the second in a familv of five children, was reared on a farm and has always followed agricultural pursuits; he resides on the old horriestead which comprises 296 acres of land, a fine elevation on the mountain, south of the village. He was married, November 8, 1848, to xlnna Walters, a native of the south of Wales, who was born Februarv 5, 1820, and removed to America with her parents (who were farmers) at the age of five years; her father died when eighty-two years old, and her mother at seventy-seven. Mr. and Mrs. Nichols have had four children, as follows: James O'Mera, Mary U., Linnie A. and Jennie W. Mr. Nichols is a Republican in politics, and is a member of the Knights of Honor. He is one of the substantial men of the township. Mrs. Nichols and two daughters, Mary and Jennie, are members of the M. E. Church at Mountain Lake. P. H. NICHOLSON, proprietor of meat-market, Athens, is a native of County Galway, Ireland, and was born March 17, 1853, a son of William and Winifred (Spellman) Nicholson, natives of Ireland. The father, who was a farmer, died in Ireland in ISG-i, in his fifty-fifth year; the mother is now a resident of Athens. P. H. Nicholson is the fifth in a family of ten children, of whom four are now living. He came from Ireland to Athens in 1870, and worked in the tannery six years; then followed the butchering business one year, after which he was in the furniture works until the spring of 1883, when he engaged in his present business. He was married in Jersey City, in May, 1881, to Miss Anna M. Rohan, who was born in County Clare, Ireland, in Jan- uary, 1861, and to them were born four children, viz.: William E., John T., Mary and Winifred. Thev are members of the Catholic Church ; Mr. Nicholson is a member of the Sexennial League and of the World Beneficial Association. Politicall3% he is a Democrat. GEORGE W. NOBLE, farmer and dairyman. Wells, is a native of Chenango county, N. Y., and was born May 29, 1832, a son of Alonzo C. Noble, who was born in Schoharie county, N. Y., July 20, 1808, The parents of Alonzo C. Noble were Oliver and Thankful (Crosby) Noble (natives of Massachusetts and Dutchess county, N. Y., respec- tiveh'), the former of whom, a tanner, currier and shoemaker, died in Cayuga county, N. Y., in the fall of 1839, Mrs, Thankful Noble died January 18, 1830, in her fiftieth year. Alonzo Noble's grandfather, 1052 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Aaron Noble, who was a native of Massachusetts and a captain in the Revolutionary AVar, died in Butternuts, N. Y. TJje paternal grand- father, Obediah Crosby, was a native of Dutchess county, N. Y. He was reared in Schoharie county, N. Y., until the age of seven- teen vears, when he went to Chenango county, N. Y., and remained there"' eight years; in May, 1833, he removed to Wells township, where he resided four years, and then proceeded to Broome county, N. Y., and was there "two years, when he returned to Wells town- ship, lie lumbered in Springfield township, and resided there about one and one-half years; also' lumbered in Tioga county. Pa., and resided there five years, since when he has resided in Wells town- ship. He married," in Bainbridge, Chenango Co., N. Y., October 24, 1830, Aurelia Landers, daughter of Joseph and Deborah (Rider) Landers, natives of Massachusetts, whose family consisted of two sons and four daughters, of whom Mrs. Noble is the only one living, and was born in P>ainbridge, Chenango county., N. Y., JNfarch 28, 180ti. Joseph Landers was a soldier in the Revolutionary Wai-. Mr. Noble, although in his eighty-fourth year, is active, and has been a man of remarkable endurance; by industry and good management he has accumulated considerable i)r<)perty. Our subject, who is the eldest and only living child of two children, was reared in Chenango county, N. Y., until one year old, when the family removed to Wells township, this county, where he has since resided, excei)t the times mentioned above, when he was with his father in the lumber business. Mr. Noble is one of the most successful farmers of the township, and is engaged extensivelv in thedairv business ; is also a breeder of Jersey cattle ; he owms a well-improved 'farm of 230 acres, and a timber lot of eighty acres. Mr. Noble was married in Southport, N. Y., in 1856, to Mary, daugiiter of John AV. and Sarah Ann ( Wyker) Tellett, native of Sussex county, N. J.; she is the eldest of two children living, and was born in Sussex county, N. J., February 28, 1837. To Mr. and Mrs. Noble were born two children : Ella, wife of Edward Joralemon, and Alonzo P., married to Helena Corry. The family are members of the Ba])tist Church. Mr. Noble is a member of Wells Grange, No. 524, and is noAv filling the office of justice of the peace, a position he has held fourteen years"; he has served two terms as school director and nine years as auditor; politicallv he is a Democrat. JOHN CP^RIEN, farmer, Ridgebury township, P. (). Wilawana, was born in Athens, this county, September 1, 1841, and is the young- est of the six children of John and Mary (Daley) 0'l>rien, natives of County Cork, Ireland. He began life for himself at nineteen, farming, which'has been the chief occupation of his life. He enlisted at Elmira, June 5, 1861, in Company D, Thirty-lifth N. Y. V. I., and participated in the battles of Second P.ull Run (where he was taken prisoner), Fredericksburg, Antietam, Rapidaii, White Sulphur Springs, Culpei)er, Slaughter Mountain, and several othei-s, also in the skirmishes at Fail's Church, Ball's Cross Roads and Arlington Heights. He was mustered out June 5, 1863, and then relurned to Ridgebury, where he resumed farming on his jiresent i)lace. Air. O'Brien was married, April 30, 1864, to Miss Ellen, daughter of Thomas and Catherine HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1053 (McCartv) Cliambers, of Ividgebury, natives of Ireland. They have had ei^iii children, viz.: Thomas, born March 17, 1805; Frances, born September 30, 1867, and died May 17, 1870; Kittie, born August 5, 1868; John, born May 27, 18—, and died April 11, 1870; Mary, born March 16, 1875; William, born April 4, 1877; Nellie, born June 10, 1879, and Gertrude, born June 1, 1886. Mr. O'Brien and his family are members of the Catholic Church at Kidgebur}^, and in politics he has always been a Democi-at. JOSEPH OCHS, proprietor of " Ochs' Hotel," Towanda, was born at Rochester, N. Y., March 17, 1848, and is a son of Augustus and Theresa Ochs, natives of Baden, Germany, who came to America in 1848, settling in Bochester, X. Y., where they died. The subject of this sketch was reared in his native city, where he received a German and English education, and served an apprenticeship of three years at the shoemaker's trade. On June 6, 1863, he enlisted in Comj>any C, Sixteenth New York Cavalry, and was honorably discharged from the service October 3, 1865. In 1866 he located in Elmira, N. Y., where he worked at his trade three years; he then went to Chicago for eighteen months, St. Louis, six months, antl in 1871 he came to Towanda, entering the employ of Humphrey Brothers & Tracy, shoe manufacturers, with whom he remained ten and one-half years; then embarked in the restaurant business, in which he was engaged six years; afterward kept the " Commiskey House," three years, and in May, 1891, purchased the " Seeley House," now known as "Ochs' Hotel," which he has completely refurnished, muking, also, other improvements, and has since successfully conducted. Mr. Ochs married, September 29, 1875, Mary, daughter of James and Mary Nestor, of Towanda, and has two children: Frank and Nellie. Mr. Ochs is a member of the G. A. R., and in politics is an Independent. EDWIN C. OLIVER (deceased) was born in New Jersey, February 19, 1816, a son of William and Mary (Carpenter) Oliver, and of English parentage. He was reared in his native State until fourteen years of age, and his early education was received under his mother's instruc- tion. On the death of his mother, in 1830, he located in Watkins, N. Y., there learned the cabinet-maker's trade, and afterward, for sometime, worked as a journeyman in Elmira, N. Y.; in 1838 he settled in Troy, embarking in business for himself on a small scale, and succeeded b_v his indomitable energy in building up a business that eventually gave him a competency. lie died in 1881 after a successful business career of forty-three years, honored and respected by all who knew him; he was the first burgess of Troy, having been elected to that office in 1845, and served as a justice of the peace of Troy several terms. His tastes were literary, and he was a critic of note. On September 5, 1838, he married Eliza M., daughter of Jabez H. and Rebecca (Wood) Beers, of Elmira, N. Y., by whom he had three children : Perry H., Ellen (Mrs. C. G. VanFleet) and Lyman II. Mr. Oliver was a promi- nent member of the I. O. O. F., and *one of the charter members of Trov Lodge ; in politics he was a stanch Democrat. SEVELLON S. ORMSBY, postmaster, New Albany, born in Albany township, this county, within the limits of the present borough, August 1054 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 15, 1838, is a son of Dver and Charlotte (Wilcox) Ormsby, the former a native of Connecticut, wiio came to Bradford with two brothers, Daniel and Milton, in 1812. The fatlier was a t'ai'iner and a man of consid- erable political inliuence ; Avas a justice of the peace; died at the age of seventy-nine ; the mother was a native of Monroe toAvnship, and a daughter of Fi'eeman Wilcox, one of the pioneers of the township and a soldier of the War of 1812 ; she died at the age of eighty-eight years. The subject of this memoir was reared as a farmer; in August, 1861, he responded to his country's call for troops by enlisting in Company K, Fiftieth P. V. I., and was in active service nearly three years, when he was wounded by a gunshot in the left leg, below the knee, in the charge in front of Petersburg; the same da3Miis leg was amputated in the field hospital. He remained in the service until June, 1865, after the close of the war, and is now a pensioner. Mr. Ormsby was married December 25, 1864, to Matilda Brown, of Albany township, and they have had three children, as follows: John B., a telegraph operator, married to Louise Arnt, of Scranton, Pa.; Ella Louise and Fred C Mr. Ormsby is a member of the G. A. R. and the L O, O. F.; politi- cally he is a Republican, and has been collector, constable and assessor of his township ; is now postmaster at New Albany, which position he has held some time ; he is much respected in the community. DANIEL G. OSBORN", farmer and stock-grower, of Windham, Pa., P. O. Nichols, N. Y., is one of the leading citizens of Windham township, and a war veteran. He resides in the immediate vicinity of where he was born, February 26, 1839, and is a son of Peter and Rachel (Gardner) Osborn, natives of Orange county, N. Y., who came to Bradford count\^ in 1827, locating in Windham township, and spent the remainder of their lives on their farm. The father died Novem- ber 12, 1882, the mother September 24, 1852. Their family consisted of eight children, as follows : Elizabeth, Sarah (wife of Charles John- son, a farmer of Windham, who died in 1861), Parmelia (wife of Job liixby, who died in 1883), William (died April 25, 1800). Laura (wife of Peter Barnes, who died in 1850, and she married Jefferson Wait, of Nichols, N. Y.), Henry B. (a harness-maker in Evergreen). Richard (died in 1874, in Wisconsin, had been a soldier in the Fifth Regiment, New York Cavalry, Company G, retui-ned from the army in broken health and never recovered), and Daniel G.. whose name heads this sketch. The latter received his portion of his father's estate, and purchased the interest of the other heirs in the homestead, and now owns 100 acres of highly improved land. lie was married in LeRays- ville, January 1, 1866, to Esther E. R,ussell, widow of Morgan Russell, and daughter of i^iartin V. B. and Abigal (Bidlack) Towner. Morgan Russell was killed in the battle of Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863; he and his brother lay side by side on the field. Daniel G. Osborn's familv was as follows: Millie A., Martin P., Lettie M. and Morgan ])., and twochildren that died in infancy. Mr. Osborn enlisted in the cause of his country, in 18ti2, in tlie Seventeenth Regiment, Pennsyl- vania Cavalry, Company D; went direct to AYashington, then into Yjn'-ini a, and his regiment was detailed on jiicket duty for two months on the Oquaqua river, when they were captured, December 28, 1863, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1055 and carried off to Tlichmond ; were in Castle Tiiunder two weeks, when with a steamboat-load of others, they were exchanged, and were on parole, at Annapolis, until June 1, following, when the exchange was completed. He returned to duty with his regiment. Three months after, he was taken sick with ty})hoid fever, and was sent to Columljia Hospital, and finally given a certificate of disability, and discharged, February 15, 1864. He has never recovereil from the effects of his army sickness, and receives a smalk pension ; he is a Republican. W. H. OSIi>ORNE, station agent, L. V. R. R., Athens, is a native of Chemung county, N. Y., born June 16, 1848, and is a son of Ira and Sarah (Jadwin) Osborne, the former a native of Chenango, and the latter of Orange county, N. Y. His grandfather, Jonah Osborne, was a soldier in the War of 1812. W. H. Osborne, who is the second in a family of seven living children, received an academic education, and taught district school five terms ; then learned telegraphy, and in 1870 he commenced work as an operator at Athens. On October 3, 1871, he went to Frenchtown, this county, as agent and operator; he remained there three years, when he was again transferretl to Athens, as operator, and in 1877 he was appointed assistant to agent; June 16, 1886, was appointed station agent. The receipts of the station are about $150,000 a year. Mr. Osborne was married, in Athens, March 20, 1877, to Mrs. Charlotte B. Halbert, daughter of Hewitt and Elizabeth (Dodge) Andrews, the former born in Washington county, and the latter in Onondaga county, N. Y. Both her grandfathers, W. H. Andrews and Josiah Dodge, were soldiers in the War of 1812. She is the eldest of four living children, and was born in Windham, Bradford Co., Pa., October 8, 1852. To this marriage have been born four children, viz.: Ralph, Izora, Elizabeth (deceased) and Harold. They are members of the Methodist Church ; he is a member of Queen Esther Council, No. 1153, Royal Arcanum, and Sexennial League. In politics he is a Democrat. CHARLES OSTRANDER, farmer, of South Creek township,?. O. Gillett, was born in Orange county, N. Y., November 25, 1827, a son of Daniel and Mary (Halleck) Ostrander, both of whom were born in Orange county, N. Y. Daniel Ostrander is a son of Jacobus Ostrander, who was a native of UlsteT county, N. Y., and was an unostentatious farmer, who lived an uneventful life ; he reared a family of four children all of whom grew to maturity. Charles was reared and educated in Ilamptonburg, Orange Co., JST. Y., and always confined himself to tilling the soil in preference to speculation. March 1, 1847, at the age of twenty, he married Miss Mary Ann, daughter of David Van Buskirk, by whom he had six children, five of whom are living: Almira, Ann Marie, Charles, Samuel and William H., and four of whom are married. In 1859 he removed to Ridgebury, this county, where he resided eight years. In 1867 he moved to South Creek, where he purchased a farm of seventy acres with improvements. His first wife having died, he married, "^December 27, 1870, at Mill Port, N. Y., Mrs. Unice, widow of John Sterling. By this marriage he had one child. In 1862, when our country needed defenders to protect her integrity and preserve her union, Mr. Ostrander was not found wanting; he joined Company G, lOoG HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. One Hundred and Sevent\^-first P. Y. L, in which he served nineteen months, and was honorably (hscharged, the war having- closed; i)e now enjoys a jiension. Mr. Ostrander is a general fanner and an enterpris- ing man of sterling qualities ; he is a member ol" the-G. A. R., and polit- icalh' is a Republican. B. J. 0VERF1P]LD, blacksmith, Camptown, was born in Wyoming county, Pa., September -1, 1859, a son of Benjamin and Lois Ann (Camp) Overfield. His father was a farmer by occupation, and had a famdy of eight children, as follows : Harriet, married to Albert Bunnell, a farmer of Wyoming county; Jennie, married to John H. Fellows, now mayor of Scranton ; Emma, man-ied to Warren Dunlap, a farmer of Lackawanna county. Pa.; Ida, nuirried to Winfield S. Lace}?^, a mechanic working at Pasadena, Cal.; B. J.; JST. E., a black- smith of Meshoppen, married to Miss Effa Bullard, of Meshoppen ; JS'ancy M., married to Wallace Bail}^ a farmer and butcher of Alans- lield. Pa., and Ferris, an engineer in a quarr}' at Meshoppen. B. J. Overfield, the subject proper of this sketch, was born and reared on a farm and educated in the common schools ; at the age of twenty he entered the shop of Charles Newman,of Meshoppen, to learn his trade, and after eight months spent there he came to Merryall, where he opened a shop for himself, and remained one year; then removed to Camptown, and for one year rented his present shop ; but in 1883 he pur- chased it, together with his residence property. He has a large business, and besides horse-shoeing and general blacksmithino- does all kinds of cari-iage repaii-ing. Mr. Overfield was united in wedlock, March 15, 1881, at Little Meadows, with Lucettie S. Billings, a daughter of Samuel Billings, a farmer of Wyalusing, Bradford Co., Pa., and this union has been blessed with four ciiildren ; Bennie B., born December 19, 1881; Nirurn A., born February 8, 1884; Lois A., born July 19,1888, and Grace E., born August i, 1890. Mr. Overfield is a member of the L O. O. F., Wyalusing Lodge, No. 503; also of the P. of I., Camptown Association; in politics he is a Republican. He has always depended on his own i-esources. and has been very successful. HON. EDWARD OVERTON, Jr., Towanda. While this gentle- man is the only living member of the family of that given name, yet, in this instance, the careers of father and son, and their professional lives, have been so neai'Iy the same, that it makes it easier to ward olf confusion bv continuing the designation of senior and junior, than oth- erwise. The name Oveiton will remain familiar to the future genera- tions of the county, as long as its civic organization lasts. Edward Overton, Sr., was a son of Thomas Overton, who was buried in Ulster Cemetery in the year 1836; the family had immigrated from Clitheroe, Lancashire, England, in 1810, where Edward Overton, Sr., was born, December 30. 1795. He was educated for the bai", in London, and had the advantages of the counsel and advice of his uncle, Giles Blaisdell, an eminent barrister of his day, and commenced the study of law at the early age of sixteen. As evidence of the difference between then and now, it may be mentioned that the articles of enrollment of Edward Overton, Sr., as a student of the law, are recorded, in the King's Bench, with a stamp duty of one hundred pounds sterling HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1057 thereon. The young- Enolisli hiwver, with his father's family, came permanently to America, locating- in Wilkes- l>arre in 1815, and was at once examined and soon admitted to practice in the courts. lie opened his office at Athens (or Tioga Point) and after three years came to Towanda, where he spent the remainder of his life, and where, for more than half acentury, he stood at the head of his profes- sion, and at onetime,inthe much litigation growing out of the Connecticut claims, he was widely known as the foremost lawyer of his day, in that tremendous arena where many of the most noted jurists of the Commonwealth had met as legal gladiators. lie had identified him^- self with the PVleral and Whig parties, but eschewed official life entirely, giving his time and best efforts to his profession, and to those large affairs for the development and improvement of the country. He organized the Barclay Coal At Railroad Comjiany, which purchased of the Barclays, of London, 20,000 acres of the coal lands, to reach which the Barclay Railroad was built. This opened up that heretofore wild- erness, and eventually developed the entire coal interests of Bradford count^^ Mr. Overton died in Towanda, in 1878, widely honored and universally regretted. lie had married, in the year 1818, Eliza, daugh- ter of Henr}' Clymer, of Philadelphia, and granddaughter of Hon, George Clymer, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independ- ence, as well as one of che framers of the Constitution of the United States. They had the following children: Mary, Giles, Blaisdell, Henry Clymer, Louisa, Francis Clymer, Edward, Jr., and Eliza. The subject of this sketch, the youngest son, and next to the young- est child, was born in Towanda, this county, February -l, 1836; attended the public schools and was gratiuated in the Princeton Col- lege, in 1856, when he commenced reading law in the office of Judge Mercur. He received his attorney license in 1858, and at once opened an office. In 1861 Judoe Mercur, who was county attorney, was elected president Judge, and the county commissioners thereupon appointed young Overton to fill the vacancy in the office of attorne}'. In 1867 he was appomted to the office of register in bankruptcv, for ten years filling this responsible and busy office with distinguished eminence, and it is told truthfull3' by his friends, that in all the busi- ness that came before him. he was in no case reversed by the suj>erior court. He resigned his office in the bankrujit court when elected to Congress, in 1876, and at the end of his term was re-elected, serving four years. His career in the national halls of legislation was one of dis- tinguished purity and eminence, and as some evidence of this, in Mr. Blaine's " Twenty Years in Congress," Col. Overton is one of the five Pennsylvania Congressmen that he specially mentions. While there is no county in the Commonwealth that made a more brilliant record than Bradford in the Civil War, yet there is no name in the county more entitled to promineiice and pre-eminence in our war records than that of Col. Overton, When the war cloud burst, the young lawyer was dee])ly engaged in the duties of his office of county attorney, but without hesitation laid down his office and volunteered in the cause of his countiy, enlist- ing for a term of three years, in the Fiftieth P, V. L, and at its organ- 1058 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUXTY. ization was elected major. The organization of the regiment was completed in September, 1861, B. C. Christ, colonel; Thomas Brenholtz, lieut.-colonel, and Edward Overton, major. No regiment in the war experienced harder or more field service than the Fiftieth, and it earned its cognomen of the "Old Ileliable." On one occasion, at the battle of South Mountain, when Gen. Wilcox was sent to for two regi- ments to go to Gen. Cox who was severely pressed, he turned to Maj. Overton, in command of the regiment, and said: " Take the 'Old Reli- able' and go; that is as good as any two regiments,'' and, without the saying, the command neither on that nor any other occasion fell short of the extravagant expectations of them by the generals, under whose eyes they had met the enemy in the "thirty-eight battles," the modest history that was inscribed upon its banners at the close of the war, by order of the Secretary of War. Gen. Wilcox, referring to this circum- stance, under date of October 11, 1883, says: " On this day, Septem- ber 14 (1802), Major Overton in command of the regiment, " * * was performed the double feat of changing front under a heavy fire, and checking an incipient panic. This was done well and gallantly under the cool bravery and good management of Col. Christ, of the brigade, and Maj. Overton, of the regiment."' Col. Christ was brevetted brigadier general, Lieut.-Col. Brenholtz was killed at Jacksoti, Miss., on B'\g Black Biver, July 16, 1863, and from that time Col. Overton was in command of the regiment. A curious error in our war history should be here corrected. In the battle of Kye river, near Spottsyl- vania, May 9, 1864, Gen. Christ's brigade and Col. Overton's coni- mand were exposed, and certain regiments had been driven in con- fusion, when Col. Overton, with five companies, took the responsibility, and charged the advancing rebels, nearly 3,000 strong, and repulsed and scattered them, making considerable captures. Gen. Cutcheon, who, by accident, witnessed this remarkable feat, happened to see Capt. Schwenk, of one of Lieut.-Col. Overton's companies, but did not notice the Lieut.-Colonel in command, and reported the charge as hav- ing been made by the captain. Gen. Wilcox, who had incorporated this error in his re])ort, afterward wrote and corrected it, as far as he well could. He pi-onoimced it a fine bayonet charfje, and said it was the "peculiar glorv of Maj. Overton and his little battalion of the Fiftieth." . Maj. Overton was made lieutenant-colonel, to date from the death of Col. Brenholtz. The command went West, and was in the Vicks- burg campaign, March 23, 1863. The department reports of the " Old Reliai>le,'' at the close of their service, being 125 killed, 450 wounded, of whom 150 died; 134 in Southern prisons, of whom 56 died. In all this service Maj. Overton was but once wounded, and that was at the battle of Antietam, Sei)tember 17, 1862, where he received a gunshot wound in the leg. Returning to his home, he resumed at once the active practice of his ))j'ofession, and as lawyer and politician has well resent employment. He married, in 1884, Ida, the fourth child in a family of six children of Peter W. and (Loehr) Morey, and of this union are two children ; Morey A., born April 10, 1886, and Annie, born August 15, 1890. Mr. Park was postmaster at Rummerfield, under President Cleveland, two years; is a member of Rome Lodge, No. 480, I. O. O. F., and in jiolitics is a Democrat. Mr. and Mrs. Park attend the Methodist Episcopal Church, and have a wide circle of pleasant friends and acquaintances.. He built his residence in 1888. D. F. PARK, dealer in dry goods and groceries, Athens, is a native of Sheshequin township, this county, born January 6, 1830, a son of Rev. Chester and Lemira (Fish) Park, the former of whom was a native of Sheshequin, and the latter of Wilkes-Barre. The father engaged in mercantile trade in Athens about the year 1835, and con- tinued in business until 1862; he was born in 1802, and died in 1881; grandfather Rev. Moses Park was (me of the first settlers in Athens township, and the maternal grandfather, Capt. Fish, was a soldier in 10(j4 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. the llevoliitionai'v War. D. F. Park, who is the second in a family of five children, began clerking in his father's store, and in time became a partner in the business, remaining- until 1862, when he succeeded to the sole ownership, and has continued in business since. He has been twice married: first time in Waverly, in 1855, to Miss Kate, daughter of Rev. Henry and Mary (Mullock) Ball ; she was the third in a family of six children who grew to maturity, was born in Orange county, N. Y., in 1830, and died in February, 1859. By this union there "is one son, Irving, now Adams Express agent in Athens. Mr. Park w-as married, the second time, in 1865, to Miss Lvdia M., daughter of Horace and Azubia (Atkins) Garner, both natives of Connecticut ; she is the eldest of two living children, and was born in Litclifield township in 1837. To this union were born three sons, viz.: AVilliam, Robert (now^ at Cornell College) and Charles. The family are members of the Baptist Church. Mr. Park enlisted in the State Militia in September, lb62, and was transferred to the United States service, but was mustered out in a short time; is a member of the G. A. R., Perkins Post, No. 202. He is a Republican, and has served as poor master twenty-five years, and has held the offices of burgess and school director and member of the borough council. ELI AS T. PARK, farmer and real estate dealer, P. O. Monroe, was born in Hunterdon county, N. J., March 6, 1839, and is the ninth in the family of eleven children of James A. and Maria (Bergen) Park, natives of New Jersey and of English and Dutch origin. Mr. Park removed to Monroe township in 1860, and in 1872 located on his present liome; in 1884 he purchased the Nagle farm, which occupies nearly the entire triangle between the Towanda creek and the Schra?der branch at their confluence, and proceeded to cut it up into building lots, of which he made ready sale; he donated land for streets, churches, etc., built about twenty-five houses himself, and lias sold in all about one imndred and fifty lots. Where there were but two or three build- ings, now stands the'flourishing little town of Greenwood, the one to whose genius and energy it owes its very existence having declined its name; and, indeed, he is rightly styled '^^' The Builder of Greenwood." Mr. I'ark was married October 8, 1863. to Miss Ehna L., daughter of A. L. Cranmer, of Monroeton. and they have five children, viz.: AVil- liam C, born January 20, 1864, civ.l engineer on the A. & P. R. R. at Addison, N. Y.; Addie L., born November 20, 1865; Helen J., born November 20, 1874; Mary E., born December 26, 1876, and Staates Bergen, born November 5, 1881. While taking no very active part in politics himself, Mr. J*ark is as firm as the everlasting hills in his alleg- iance to the cause of Democracy. GEORGE B. PARK, farmer, P. O. Franklindale, was born near Flemington, Hunterdon Co., N. J.. November 6, 1833, a son of James and Maria (Bergen) l^ai-k, the former born in Asbury, N. J , the latter near Gernumtown, N. J., neither of wliom ever moved out of their native States; their family numbered ten children, nine of whom grew to nuiturity, and six arc iiow living, our subject being the seventh in the family, "^(^eorge J>. Park was reared and educated in New Jersev, and learned the miller's trade. At the age of seventeen he HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1U65 removed from New Jerse}^ located in Monrooton, this county, where he engaged in the miUing business in 1850, wliich lie followed five years successfully; he then embarked in a new enterprise in the sale of Phillip's Water Wheel, at which he accumulated consi(leral)le money. He traveled through various States in the sale of these wheels. At the age of twenty -seven he married, March 25 1800, Miss Mar}^ L., daughter of S, S. Hinman, by which union there were boi-n four chil- dren, two of whom are now living: Charles E. (mnrried to Miss Mary Summers, of Newark, N. J.; they have one child, Edward B.) and Carrie M. Mr. Park is a prosperous fai-mer, and follows a general line of industrv. He is living on a farm of 140 acres of well-watered and fertile land on the Towanda creek, between Franklindale on the east and West Franklin on the west; also owns a farm in LePoy town- ship of 108 acres. lie is a respected and honored citizen, having held the office of justice of the peace fifteen years. Mrs. Park's father, S. S. Ilinman, was one of the earliest and most successful business men of Monroeton; he was born June 18, 1811, died May 22, 1881; his grandfather, John Hinman, was the first man connected with the his- torv of Bradford count v; he was born February 5, 1748. 'DOCTOK IRA P. PAPK. The family name of this gentleman is that of one of the most noted families in the early history of Susque- hanna Valley. The name of Thomas Park is full of history of both Bradford county and the Wyoming Yalley, of those dreadful times that tried men's souls, and by marriage the blood is linked with that of Col. John Franklin, a name that will stand pre-eminent for all time in the history of the struggles of the Connecticut people in the settle- ment of the " Seventeen Townships." Thomas Park, the grandfather of the gentleman whose name stands at the head of this sketch, was the first settler in the present township of Litchfield. Josiah Park, father of Thomas, was an Englishman, who, when \'oung, was a sailoi-, but who left the sea and came to America, settling in Connecticut, where his son Thomas was born ; when he had grown to be a young man, he heard of the condition of the people in Forty Fort, and was one of the first to volunteer to come to their rescue, but reached the ground, unfor- tunately, a few daN's after the Wyoming massacre, or battle. He re- mained here, however, some time in the stockade the settlers had built, and hearing that some sugar-campers were surrounded by Indians, he raised a company and went to their rescue, and, in the skirmish that ensued with the Indians, he was wounded by a musket ball in the thigh, and he carried the leaden bullet with him to the grave. He was mar- ried in Wvoming county, at the Shawnee stockade, to AbigaelNesbitt. He reared a family of children, as follows : Daniel, Samuel, James N., Thomas, Joseph, Amos, Benjamin, Sally, Mary Elizabeth and Susanna. Josiah Park, when old and infirm, came and spent his last days with his son, Thomas. He cleared away the brush for a cemetery, and was the first to be buried there, nearly one hundred years ago. The third son, James N., was the first child born in the present township of Litch- field, in 1793. and in time became a prominent farmer. He married Margaret McKinney, by whom there was one son, Orrin, when she died, about the year 1820. His second marriage was about 1823, with Sybil 1066 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Franklin, daughter of Samuel Franklin, a brother of Col. John Fi-anUlin, and of this union there were children as follows: Margaret, Samuel, Loduski, Ulysus, Ira R., Clarissa and Hugh W. After this last mairiage the father*^\vent to Luzerne county, where this family of chil- di-en were reared. The mother of the last above-named children died in 1841, when Mr. Park returned to Bradfoi-d county to make his home, and afterward he married Annie Bronson, by which marriage there were two children : Elizabeth and Homer. James Park died in Litchfield township, in 1858, and was soon followed to the grave by his widow. Dr. Ira 11. Park is the fifth in the order of birth, as noted above, in the list of names of the children of James Park, and his home, early life and education were in Litchfield, his birthplace. When he attained his majority he diligently engaged in the study of medicine, and graduated at tlie Philadelphia Medical College in 1870, and fr-om that time he has continued in the practice. Dr. Ira II. Park and Martha Park were united in marriage in Litchfield; she is the daughter of Reuben and Maria (Snider) Park, natives of New York and of German descent. Dr. Park then moved to Overton, in 18T0, where he has made his permanent home. Their family of five children were as follows: Reuben, James F., Maria O., Edgar R. and Sybil G. (died at the age of five). The Park family have been noted Democrats in their political faith. FRANK W. PARKS, P. O. Athens, was born in Sheshequin township, April 12, 1854, on the farm now owned by Julius White, and is a son of James G. and Lenora (Green) Parks. His father was a lumberman and farmer, and spent the greater portion of his life in Bradford county; was a soldier in the AVar of the Rebellion, a member of the Fiftieth New York Engineers, Company P>. Frank W. was the second in the family of four children, Edward, the eldest, INlodora, the third, the fourth died in infancy. Frank attended school in ]\Ionroe town- ship, and in Athens, Litchfield and Rome, and completed his studies at the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda. He commenced teaching in 1873, and followed that occupation seven years; then ob- tained employment in the Sayre Axle Works, and remained there three vears; then engaged with the Milton Steam Forge Comi)any one year, after which he went to Lewisbui'g, and was there about one and one- half years, and then went to Litchfield and commenced farming on the farm now owned by Phoebe Campbell. Later he removed to the fai-m he now owns, of 105 acres, about sixty of which are improved. October 12. 1887, he married Kate, daughter' of Joel and Phoebe (Perry) Camp- bell, sixth in the family of ten children: Edgar, the eldest, married Mai'V Cranford, and resides in Elmira; George is with his mother; Emerv married Emma Ilulett, and resides in Litchfield; Newton married Nellie Luf kin, and resides in Iowa; Jane was married to William P^erguson, of Ithaca, N. Y.; Alice was married to William Carpenter, of Athens ; Jay died in infancy; Lottie, Perley and Kate. John C. and Har- rison, uncles of Frank W.,Were soldiers of the Civil War. John was a member of the Fifty-seventh P. V. I., while Harrison joined the Mich- igan Cavalry. Mr." Parks is a member of the I. (). (). F., Litchfield Lodge, No. 088, and is at present assistant secretary of tiiat Ordei-; he is a Democrat in politics. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 10G7 HARRY PARKS, farmer and nianufacturor of lunibei-, lath, shin- gles and cider, Wysox township, P. O. Wickizer, was born in Rome, August 9, 1824-, a son of John and Margaret (Strope) I^irks, the former a native of Massachusetts, of Scotch origin, and the latter a native of Pennsylvania, and of German descent. In his father's family there were eleven children: Sarah (deceased), Abigal Jane (tleceused), Will- iam B., Harriet, Harry, Nathaniel N., Chester, John M. (deceased), James, Herbert and Elisha. Harry began farming on Taylor Hill, where he remained fifteen years, then purchased his present home, which now includes 275 acres. He married, March i, 1849, Henrietta A., daughter of Silas and Margaret (Lent) Allis, natives of Vermont and Pennsylvania, respectively. They have had born to them six chil- dren, as follows: Celestia, born September 16, 1850, married to Albert Robinson-, a farmer, of Wysox; Henry Myron, born October 11, 1852; Silas, born April 4, 1854; Emerson Adelbert, born August 21, 1858, died February 28, 1882; Lewis, born October 1, 1866, died March 2, 1873, and William, born February 6, 1868. Henry Myron, Silas and AVilliam are engaged with their father on the farm and in the mill. The familv are identified with the Republican party. ISAAC AUSTIN PARKS, farmer and stock-grower, P. O. South Hill, was born in New London, Conn., October 26, 1814, a son of Isaac Parks, who was born in Groton, Conn,, October 25, 1784. Grand- father Stephen Parks, a native of Connecticut, a farmer by occupation, was drowned in the North river while trying to cross on the ice, in 1792; he married Annie Williams, and Ihey had four children, viz.: Stephen, Isaac, Eunice (wife of R. Avery) and Darius. He had served in the Revolutionary War. Mrs. Stephen Parks died in her eightieth year. Isaac Park attended school until his fifteenth year, and served an apprenticeship at the boot and shoe trade, while attending school three months each year, until he attained his majority. In 1805 he joined the militia, and served until 1813; was a Minute Man the remainder of the year. In 1814 he removed to Otis, Mass., where he built a tannery and shoe shop, and carried on business fouryears ; then sold and came to Pennsylvania, settling in Orwell township, where he took up a " possession claim, *' now the homestead, and here spent the remainder of his life. He married, at New London, Conn., in 1812, Hannah, daughter of Jonas and Lucy (Spicer) Gray, and died in 1850; they had three children, viz.: Isaac Austin, Lucy (deceased) and Jack- son. Isaac Austin Parks attended school at Orwell until his nineteenth year, and then worked on the farm five years, and went to Arkansas two years, as a mill-wright; thence to "old Dick Gentry," of Missouri, who was engaged in the Santa Fe carrying trade, arriving at Kansas, Council Grove. Mr. Gentry was called to New York, and Mr. Parks assumed the responsibility of delivering the goods in Santa Fe, which place he reached, and, after disposing of part of the goods, was rejoined by Mr. Gentry, and they (after wholesaling the balance of goods) started for San Francisco, via the Gila and Sacramento rivers route, arriving in June, 1840, and remaining until October, when he returned to Kansas ; then at Ft. Scott, Kans., he worked at his trade four years, after which he returned home, and purchased his present place of about two hundred 1068 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and fifty acres, which was a portion of tlie propert}'' bought by his father. Here he has made his permanent home. He has ten horses, sixteen cattle, sixteen young- stock and sixty sheep. He erected his present dwelhng in 1857. In 1862 he raised", and was made captain of, Com]mny I), One Hundred and Forty-first Eogiment, P. Y. I., went to tlie front and participated in the battles of Fredericlcsburg, Chancellors- ville, and immerous other engagements; when his command was on the Tlaj^pahannock he resigned, after twenty-two months' service, went to Washington, and was discharged. He married, January 1, 1845, Melissa A. Mericle, the second in the family of thirteen children of Levi and Eunice (Coggswell)Mericle, and they had children as follows: Norman L., deceased: Arthur M., deceased; Edith M., deceased; Emma A.-, wife of A. R'. Ih'utzman; Ida A., wife of Joseph W. Allen; Elbert J.; Charles F.; Willie, died in infancy; Flora M., wife of Ciuirles Ellis, and Ella, wife of O. J. Buttles. Mr. Farks is a member of Lelvays- ville Lodge, I. O. O. F.; member of Hurst Post, No. 86, G. A. R. tie is a Republican, and served as county commissioner from 1853 to 1856; as town assessor nine terms; as school director twenty years, and town commissioner twelve years. W. B. PARKS, fa'rmer, Rome township, P. O. Rome, was born in Rome township, this county, March 19, 1820, and is a son of John and Margaret (Strope) Parks. His father was born in Massachusetts, August 20, 1879, and died in Rome, December 8, 1873. W. B., who is the third in a family of twelve children, spent his boyhood on his father's farm, and attended the district school; his youthful days Avere spent in the usual occupation of the boys on the frontier — chopping, lumbering and rafting. In 1858 he purchased a one-half interest in his father's farm, and, in 1866, bought the remainder, and added other land to it, until he owned 132 acres. On September 5, 186-1, he enlisted in Comj)any G, One Hundred and Eighty-fifth N. Y. Y. I., and served until the close of the war. He was in all the battles in the campaign against Richmond, and was present at the surrender of Lee; he Avas discharged with his regiment. May 30, 1865, and came home and resumed farming; here he lived until 1865, when he removed to Michigan, Avhere he remained four years; then went to Nebraska, remaining until 1890, Avhen he returned to Bradford county. Mr. Parks married, September 21, 1846, Kansas C, daughter of James Smith, of Windham township, and to them were born two children — Ophelia and James. The family are Methodists, and James and his father vote the Repul)lican ticket. Mr. Parks is a member of Stevens Post, No. 9, G. A. R., and has held all the offices in the same. E. ASIIMUN PARSONS, proprietor of the Bradford Arr/u.s, Towanda, the oldest newspaper in the county, and for the last twenty- six years Democratic to the core, and which has been in the Parsons family during the long, and surely lonesome, days of the Democracy, in good old Bradford county. " Patience,an(l sliuftie thecards" might well have been the ornamenting motto of the faithful Arartnership with his father in his gristmill, at Smithfield, where he remained twelve years, during which time he spent two years in Wisconsin. He studied dentistry two years with Dr. L. B. Ilvatt, of Smithfield, and tlien located in Towandu, in the practice of dentistry. On September 12, 1861, he joined, as cap- tain. Company G, Fifty -seventh P. Y. I., and resigned his commission September 2,"l862; then returned to Towanda, and for two years was engineer on the Barclay Railroad; then engaged in the machinist business, which he has since followed ; was superintendent in Carman's foundry, at Towanda, four. years, and since that time has constructed a great many mills in Bradford and Wyoming counties; he had charge of the mach"inery in the cabinet department, in the base of the Treas- ury building at' Washington, from April, 1888, until May, 1889. He recently remodeled and adjusted all the machinery in the Elmira and 63 1078 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Athens Brido-e Works; in his branch of mechanics Mr. Peck is without a peer. He was married, December 31, 1847, to Celestia M., daughter of Dr. Seth and Lydia (Hill) Salsbury. Mrs. Peck, who was a second cousin of the illustrious David B. Hill, of New York, died in 1807. Mr. and Mrs. Peck had five children, four of whom are living: George 8., Jr., assistant superintendent in the Athens Bridge Works; Kincade H., foreman in the Elmira Bridge Works; Clarence Peck, a machinist, and Ellen S., who resides in Athens. Mr. Peck is a mem- ber of the Masonic Lodge at Athens, and in politics is a most loyal, life-long Democrat. FPtED ALBERT PENDLETON (deceased) was born in Warren township, this county, February 18, 1866, a son of James and Nancy (Abell) Pendleton, natives of Ilhode Island and of English stock. His father was a farmer, born January 2, 1831, and is a resident of Little Meadows, N. Y.; his mother died October 5, 1888. Their only children were twins: Fred Albert and Frank Adelbert. The former was reared on the father's farm in Warren township, and, when he commenced life on his own account, he engaged in merchandising, and followed tills successfully till toward the close of his life, when he closed out his store, and purchased a farm of eighty acres, where he spent the remainder of his days. He married. May 14, 1887, Lettie, daughter of Hamilton and Jane (Walker) IVforrow, the father a native of L-eland and the mother of New York. They reared a family of seven children, of whom Lettie, the youngest, was reared, educated and married in Herrick township. Fred Albert Pendleton, the subject of this sketch, though young when he died, was one of the promising men of the county; his death occurreil Noveml)er 17, 1889. His only child died March 15, 1889. Through his mother, who was an Abell, Fred was one of the heirs to the great Abell estate of Baltimore, and his widow is now the owner of the estate. RAYMOND PEPPER, farmer. West Burlington township, P. O. Troy, was born in Towanda, this county, September 11, 1824, a son of AVilliam and Amy (Bagley) Pepper, farmers of Towanda town- shi|), of German origin. The subject of this memoir was reared on the farm, educated in the schools of his native town, and lias followed agricultural pursuits. He was a soldier in the Civil War, having enlisted in Comj)any K, Second New York Cavalry, and experienced great hardships by which his health was undermined ;■ was honorably (lischarged at the end of the war, being present at Lee's surrender, and he is a pensioner. Mr. Pepper was married November 21, 1850, to Kmily E. Landon, of Canton. She was l)orn of English descent ]\rurcli i4, 1S29, daughter of David S. and Lucy (Case) Landon, natives of Bradford county. Her gnimlfather Landon was a soldier in the War of the Revolution seven and one-half years; was one of the body- guards of General Washington, and became a pensioner. To Mr. and Mrs. Pep))er have i)een born six children, viz.: David, born September 10, 1851, married to Odessa Baxter; Frank, born December 1, 1853, married to Marilla Clark; Clara B., born January 24, 1859. wife of Albert Bailev ; James V., born December 21. 1862 ; Jennie Mav, born May 5, 1867,' wife of Fi-ed Allen; Raymond D., born April 16, 1869, HISTORY OF BKADFOKD COUJSITY. 1079 a farmer on the homestead farm, which consists of ninety acres of line land. Mr. Pepper is a member of the G. A. R., and he and his sons are Ilepublicans. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is one of the most respected men in the community. R. N. PERRY, insurance agent, Canton, is a native of ()\v ego, N. Y., born July 13, 1848, a son of Iliram and Mary (Merrill) Perry, natives of Connecticut and Schoharie county, N. Y., respectivel3^ His father, who was a farmer, was born July 12, 1800, and died February 22, 1886 ; his mother was born September 29, 1803, and died November 2, 1865. R, N. Perry, who is the youngest in a family of nine children, of whom six are now living, was reared on the farm in his native home until twenty-two years of age, and received his education in the public schools and in the Commercial College, Williamsport. He worked on a sawmill about five years, and then was a lumber shipper in Will- iamsport two years ; was in the insurance business two years. Removing to Alba, this county, he purchased an insurance agency, and there remained one year ; then came to Canton, where he has since been engaged in the insurance and job-printing business. Pie was married in Owego, N. Y., in 1870, to Mary ]S^eal, daughter of John and Luc}'^ (Clements) Fenderson, natives of Maine; her father was a himberman, drowned in the Susquehanna at Hyatt's Ferry, N. Y., in 1877, in his sixty-seventh year; her mother resides in Sayre. Mrs. Perry is the twelfth in order of birth in a family of fourteen children, eight of whom are now living, and was born in Owego, JST. Y., February 18, 1853. To Mr. and Mrs. Perry were born four children, as follows : Willis R., William Armstrong (now publisher of the Ca7itonian), Jen- nie E. (deceased) and Lorena Neal. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Perry is a member of the 1. O. O. F., Canton Lodge, No. 321, also Canton Encampment, and has passed all the chairs in both Orders; is also a member of the Equitable Aid Union ; politicallv he is a Republican. JOHN F. PETTES, of Pettes & Ballard, grocers and crockery dealers, Troy, was born in Ulster township, this county, July 12, 1847, and is a son of Benjamin A. and Sarah (Moore) Pettes, the former a native of Wheeling, West Va., of Connecticut stock, a pioneer of Ulster township, where he cleared and improved a farm, and was also, for many years, engaged in the dry-goods business in Towanda, where he died in 1889, at the age of sixty-nine years; the latter was a daughter of Robert and Mary (Grafius) Moore, of Moore's Hill, Ulster township, this county. They had three sons : Robert, of Williamsport, Pa.; John F., our subject, and William E., of San Francisco. John F. Avas reared in Towanda, educated at Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, and Eastman's Business College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. In the spring of 1870 he settled in Troy, where, with the exception of three and one-half years spent m Chicago, he has since resided; for thirteen years he served as clerk in general stores of Troy, and in 1887 embarked in his present business, and two years later took a partner, in the person of Mr. C. W. Ballard. In 1882 he married Frank, the daughter of Edwin and Charlotte 1080 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. (Reynolds) Porter, of Tro3\ Mr. Pettes is one of the popular business men of Trov; in politics lie is a Eepublican. DITON'^ PHELPS, butcher and proprietor of a meat-market, East Smitiitield, was born March 5, 1840, a son of Henry and Phoebe (Wheeler) Phelps, the former of whom was born in Becket, Mass., and came to this county, with his parents, in 1805. Jared Phelps, the grandfather of our subject, was a drum-major in the Revolutionary War, and one of the first members of the Congregational Church at Smith field ; he was the original owner of all the land where the village now stands, comprising over 200 acres; gave the church society the land where the church now stands, also the public square and the land for the cemetery (a daughter of his was the first ])erson buried there). Diton Phelps, who was the only son in a family of four children, was educated at the old academy at Smithfield, and, in 1861, he enlisted in Company F, Sixth Pennsylvania Reserve. He was discharged, June 14, 1864, after three vears' service. Mr. Phelps was twice married : the first time. December 27, 1864, with Jane E. Gerould (daughter of Ziba and Eliza Gerould, of East Smithfield), who died"in Kansas, Julv 21, 1873; Mr. Phelps' second wife, whom he married, Mav 3,1875, was Alice, daughter of James and Polly Gorton, of Tioga county, Pa. There have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Phelps three children, as follows: George M., born February 8, 1876; Rosa, born June 30, 1878, and Mary Jane, born March 9, 1882. Mr. Phelps is a Republican ; has been elected by his party to the offices of con- stable and school director, and is at present justice of the peace; he is a member of the G. A. R. and the Knights of Honor. HENRY L. PHELPS, farmer, in Herrick township, P. O. Her- rickville, was born in Hartford county, Conn , September 22, 1819, a son of David L. and Sarah (Matson) Phelps, the former of \vhom died in Connecticut in 1822. The grandfather, Asa Matson, took him after his father's death, and they came to this county in 1823, first stopping on Wyalusing creek, where they remained about two years, and then came to the farm he now occupies; his grandfather had with him one son, wife and daughter with three children— Henry L. and two sisters. At this time there was a cabin near the house he now occupies. The grandfather settled on this land, purchased the title from Col. Kings- burv, and had about 150 acres, of which he cleared about thirty acres; lie died in 1833. The house Mr. Phelps occupies was built by his uncle Asa P. Matson, in 1836. He now^ owns about 100 acres, and still leads an active life. His eldest sister married Mr. O. Stevens; his sister Emily married L. M. Stevens, now deceased. Mr. Phelps was married, October 23, 1845, to Sai-ah E., daughter of Ira and Betsy (Pierce) Brister, and they had one child. Burton H., who was educa- ted in the public schools and at the Collegiate Institute; he was a fjirnier; ho, married Anne P>olles, adopted daughter of John and Tiachel (Marsh) Bolles, of Pike township, both now deceased; they had a family of five children, two n(nv living— Mrs. Phelps and anoilior; she was born Se|)teniber 13, 1854, and has one child Walter II., who was born May 4, 1882; He worships at the Meth(Klist Episcopal Church, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1081 and is a Republican, but bas acted witli tbe I'roiiibition party about live years. WILLIAM II. PHELPS, farmer, P. O. East Smithlield, was born in Smitbfield township, December 21, 1824, a son of Augustus and Abigail (Ilackett) Phelps, natives of Massachusetts. Augustus Phelps was a son of Jared and Ilowena (Fuller) Phelps, who came to this town in tiie fall of 1811, with a large family, one of whom, a daughter of fifteen, died in the early winter, and was the fii'st to be buried in this part of what was then a dense wilderness. A little church was soon built near the lonely grave, which decided the location of the village. The rest of the family all settled in this vicinity: Jared Phelps enlisted, and served during the Revolutionary War. William H. Phelj)s is the third in a famih^ of eleven children, and still resides on the homestead settled by his grandfather, Jared Plielps. He was married, March 11, 186G, to Marv D., daugliter of Don M. and Elizabeth (Harrison) Bacon, and was born April 8, 1829. Mr. and Mrs. Pheljis had one child, who died at the age of two years. In politics, Mr. Phelps is a Republican, in religion, a Congregationalist, and has been a deacon in the church for manv vears. H. F. PHILLIPS, of the Red Front Shoe Store, Athens, is a native of Wilkes-Barre, Pa., having been born December 13, 1803, and is the fifth in the family of thirteen children of William and Ellen (Court- right) Phillips, natives of Luzerne count}^ Pa. His father, wdio was a canal-boat builder, died in Wilkes-Parre, Januar\^ 2, 1884, in his sixty- third year. Mr. Phillips' mother died June 26, 1891, aged sixtj^-two years. He has been in the shoe business since he was eleven years okl. At the age of seventeen, he was manager of a shoe store in Wilkes- Barre, continuing in that position for some time. Leaving there, he went to Scranton for about two years, where he had charge of a shoe jobbing house for F. E. Nettelton, one of the largest in the city of Scranton. Coming again to his native town, he embarked in business for himself, forming a partnership with Morgan Weller, under the name of Phillips & Weller, Albany Red Front Boot and Shoe Store. Mr. Phillips is the originator of the celebrated three-dollar Anchor Kip and Calf Boots. He is a genial, whole-souled, active, energetic business man. In the spring of 1890, he opened a shoe store in Athens, Pa., where he carries the largest and best line of shoes in the citv. He was married, September 5, 1888, to Ada, eldest in a family of nine children of Leonard Roll, and born in Beach Haven, Pa., October 17, 1866. By this union there are two children : Charles and Ruth. Mr. Phillips is a member of the I. O. O. F., Wj^oming Lodge, No. 39, also of Otalessa Camp, No. 39, and is a member of The Royal Societ}^ of Good Fellows, and K. of G. E. He is one of the prime movers in starting a Y. M. C. A. in his town. ISRAEL PHILLIPS, farmer, Smithfield township, P. O. Hoblet, was born in Broome county, N. Y., July 15, 1822, and is a son of James and Anna (Lockwood) Phillips, natives of New York, of Welch descent, and wiio came to this county fifty-six years ago, settling in Burlington, then a dense wilderness. William Phillips, great-grand- father of Israel Phillips, was one of the party that boarded the vessels 1083 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. in Boston harbor, and threw the tea overboard ; afterward he took part in the battle of Bunker Hill. It is said of him that he was never known to eat or drink anything imported from England. James Phillips, father of our subject, was drafted in the War of 1812. He belonged to a ritle company, which was drafted just before the battle of Lake Champlain, and they arrived at the scene of the fight the morning after; he received his land warrants for his services some time after Israel was grown to manhood. Israel, the fifth in a family of twelve children, was reared on his fathers farm, and when a 3'oung man his family came to Smithfield township, settling near where he now resides. He was married June 13, 1847, to Helen, daugiiter of James G. Harkness, and born Jul}" 6, 1880; she was born in Spring- field township, and lived there until her marriage, a few weeks after which she and her husband moved into Smithfield, on a farm thev now own, located about three miles from where they now live. Her pater- nal grandfather was one of the pioneers of Springfield townsliip. Mr. and JMrs. Phillips have had boi-n to them eleven children, nine of whom are living, as follows: Walter, boi'n July 30, 1849; Jessie, born Julv 8, 1856 ; James H., born December 14, 1858 ; Stephen, born June 8, 1801 ; Frank, born January 17, 1863 ; Ida, born April 17, 1865 ; Dorcas, born January 19, 1868; Cora, born Januarj' 5, 1872; Reuben, born Ts'ovember 4, 1873. Mr. Phillips has by great perseverance and frugality accumulated a fine projierty, and now owns two farms of about three hundred and twenty-five acres, most of which is under a good state of cultivation. On one of his farms is one of the finest maple groves in the count}^ where each year lie is able to manufacture a large quantity of maple sugar. He is a Republican in politics, taking an active interest in the affairs of his community, and has been school director manv vears. JOHN M.' PIATT, farmer, Monroe township, P. O. Liberty Corners, was born in Lansing, N. Y., January 9, 1824, and is a son of Christopher P. and Rebecca (Morris) Piatt. Two Piatt brothers came from France with LaFayette to fight for American independence; one started to return to his native country, and was never after heard of, and the other is the ancestor of all the American Piatts. In Christopher Piatt's family there were eleven children, of whom John M., the subject of this sketch, is the second ; he came to Towanda in ]^ovember, 1842, and next summer went to Monroe; was West two years, in Wysox from 1849 to 1852, in Franklin from 1858 to 1860, and with these ex- ceptions has always lived in the place where he now resides. He was married. November 2, 1848, to Miss Hannah, daughter of John and Nancy (Schaffer) Miggos, and they have three children : Amanda E., born September 15, 1849, married to George B. Laporte, of Frenchtown ; I^fary Ann, born June 26, 1851, married to J. C. Reynolds, of Susque- hanna, and died August 10, 1886, leaving two children ; and Lottie E.. l)orn June 2, 1853, married to Daniel T. Benjamin, car])enter ami joiner, at Athens, they have four childi'en : (irertrude E., Clai-ence J., Arthur G. and Harrison Morton. J\[r. Piatt is a member of the I. O. U. F. Lodge, at Monroe, and is a Prohibitionist in politics. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1083 WILLIAM R. PICKERING, farmer and salesman, Orwell town- ship, P. O. Allis IJollow, was born in 8iiS(]uelianna county. Pa., January 7, 1830, a son of Thomas and Elizabeth Ann (Maroerson) Pick- ering-. ' His parents were born in Hull, Enoland, where they were mar- ried, and had one child, John, before they came to this county. Seven children were born in America, viz.: Jacob, born in Philadelphia; Eliz- abeth, married to Prunson Roberts, and is now deceased ; May, died ao-ed sixteen ; George, deceased ; Ralph, deceased ; William R. and Thomas. The mother died in March, 1834, and tlie father then mar- ried Julia Westbrook, and by this marriage became the father of two children : William and Luc^^ the latter of whom married HoUis Parks. Mr, Thomas Parks was a mason, and plied his trade in this and Sus- quehanna counties until his death. William remained at home until about fourteen, then went to Marcus Easta brooks', and made his home with him until the latter's death, since which time he has been con- ducting the estate left by Mr. Eastabrooks to his daughters. Our sub- ject received his education in the common schools, and assisted in clear- ing over one hundred acres of wilderness, and has folloAved drivino- oxen until he is the best driver in the county. He and Mr. Easta- brooks' eldest daughter followed clearing and log-rolling during nearly the entire time of their youth. On December 31, 1808, he bought forty-seven acres of land of W. P. Pay son, to which he has added from time to time, until he now owns over two hundred acres of fine land, a large portion of which he has cleared. Mr. Pickering is an extensive farmer, and has his farms well stocked with line blooded cattle; they have seventeen cows of the Devonshire breed and pure breed, and that they are good dairy cows the annual output of butter amply testifies. The barn was built in 1870, and additions have since been added; it is now 96x44. The house was built in 1870, and there is not a better or more commodious residence in the county. It is 107x20x25, two stories, and contains eighteen rooms. Mr. Pickering devoted his attention entirely to farming until 1887, when he accepted a position as salesman for the American Road Machine Company, and he has been with them during the summer since. He has been emi- nently successful, starting in life with nothing, and has accumulated an ample fortune through his own untiring industry. The famih' are members of no church, but contribute largely to the support of all. Mr. Pickering is a stanch Republican, and has held the office of judge of elections, and for the past nine 3'^ears had filled the office of town commissioner. E. CORODON PIERCE, farmer, of West Burlington township, P. O. West B'.^.rlington, was born Se])tember 5, 1851, in Smithfield township, this county, a son of William H. and Olive (Parsons) Pierce, the former of whom was of Enolish oiioin, and the latter of Scotch, a native of Columbia, this county. The father removed to Springfield when a young man, was a carpenter and builder by trade, also a farmer; the mother's grandfather was one of the first settlers on Sugar creek, in Troy township. The subject of these lines, who is one of the family of nine children — three daughters and six sons — was reared on the farm and educated in the schools of the town; carried on agriculture, and by 1084 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. practicing the strictest econom}'^, and with great perseverance, accu- nmhited a line property, being now the owner of a good farm of 130 acres, under an excellent state of cultivation; has a dairy, and follows sheep raising and general fanning. He was married October 28, 1884, to Orris Clatiin, of East Troy, born Januai-y 10, 1863, a daughter of Abner and Mahala (Cummings) Clatiin; her mother's family were among the early settlers of Towanda townsiiip, and were agricul- turists. Mr. and Mrs. Pierce have two children: Fred and Martin. He is Independent in politics, but his sym])athies are with the Pro- hibition cause; he is a member of the Pati'ons of Husl)andry. F. H. PIERCE, shoemaker, Leilaysville, was born in LeRaysville, this countv, October 13, 1859, a son of Lewis B. and Elizabeth II. (P>lack) Pierce (natives of Pike township; the former of New England origin, and latter of English), and grandson of Benjamin and Mehitable (Bi'ink) Pierce, the former of whom was born in Kingston, Pa., March 11, 1T9G, and came to Bradford county, in 1802, being apprenticed until twentv-one years old to Dinnon Bostwick, a blacksmith, of Wyalusing creek; he volunteered in tlie War of 1812, and had reached Carlisle, Pa., when the war ended. Coming to LeRaysville in 1810, he took up land where he afterward lived and reared a family of four children, of whom Lewis B., the youngest in order of birth, was married January 18, 1855, and for four years was engaged in general mercantile business in LeRaysville, and afterward in farming, two years; he was inspector of the training militia, and in 1801 joined, as lieutenant- colonel, the One Hundred and Tiiirteenth, Twelfth P. V. Cavalry, known as the " Curtin Hussars," organizing his own regiment twelve hundred strong. Upon the resignation of Col. Friesciimuth he was made colonel, at Harrisburg; spent four weeks at home during the war on account of a wound ; was suspended four months on account of a charge preferred against him by a Harrisburg gambler, stood his trial and was honorably re-instated, and made brevet-brigadier in the spring of 1805. In November, 1805, he removed his family to Baltimoi-e, where he engaged in the insurance business with the Phoi'nix Mutual Life Insurance Company, of Hartford, Conn., in wiiich he remained until his death, Avhich occurred October 30, 187G. He was a graduated phvsician, but never practiced medicine. In his family there were three ciiildren: Martin W., in the Postoffice Department, Washington ; F. II., and Mary IL, who died at the age of two years. Our subject was educated in'Baltimore High School, and began work.when ninete(}n, in Johnson's mill, in LeRaysville, where he remained two and one-iialf years, then engaged with Jesse P. Carl in his j^resent business, the firm being know as Carl & Pierce, manufacturers of all kinds of men's foot weai° doing a wholesale and retail business. Mr. Pierce was married January 3, 1883, to Cora B., daugiiter of George N. and Alice (Chaffee) Johnson, and thev have three children: Alice E., born October 28, 1884; :\Iarian Ellen, born June 9, 1887, and Lewis B., born December 28, 1890. Mr. Pierce is a member of the Masonic Lodge at LeKaysville, and has held all the offices in the Blue Lodge. He' is a Republican, and has been school director six years. In his younger days he was an accomjJished athlete, excelling^is a skater antl oarsman; has also HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1085 figured with success on the basc-h;Ul diauiond, is now leader of tiie Lellaysville brass band, and is master of the cor-net. ISRAEL A. PIERCE. The progress as well as development, of any section is largely determined by the number of enterprising, intelligent and progressive citizens who make their home within its boundaries, and such a one is the subject of this brief memoir. Mr. Pierce was born in Rehoboth, Mass., October 3, 1820, a son of Israel and Polly (Walker) Pierce. His paternal grandfather, Israel Pierce, who was born in Rehoboth in 1700, came with his wife, Hannah, to Columbia township, this county, in 1830, and here they passed the remainder of their lives, he dying in 1838 and she in 1839. He served under Gen. Sullivan, in Rhode Island, during the Revolutionary War. Their son Israel (father of subject), also a native of Rehoboth, was born in 17S7, settled in Columbia township, in 1831, and engaged in agricultural pursuits. He died in Troy, this county, in 18G2; he was a soldier in the War of 1812. To Israel and Polly (Walker) Pierce were born four children, two of whom grew to matui-ity. Walker and Israel A., of whom the first named was born in 1809, and for many years was a carpenter and builder in Columbia and Troy townships, this county, but later in life followed farming; he died in October, 1888, aged seventy-nine years. Israel Allen Pierce, whose name opens this sketch, was educated in the ])ublic schools of Providence and Warren, R. I., and in the common schools of Bradford, in which county he was reared from twelve years of age. He learned the carpenter's trade with his brother. Walker, and worked at same until 1851, from whicii year until 1871 he was engaged in the furniture and undertaking business in Troy. Soon afterward he embarked in the hardware trade, later adding a stock of crockery, and carried on business until he was burned out, in 1884. Having a large clientage in the settlement of estates, Mr. Pierce has, since the date just mentioned, given his attention thereto, as well as to the manage- ment of his own afi'airs. On August 17, 181:8, he was married to Harriet Ci., daughter of Charles and Anne (Parmeter) Burgess, a de- scendant of an old New England family, of Pilgrim and Puritan stock; the issue of this union was two children: J.Franklin and Frederick Charles (latter deceased). J. Franklin was born May 24, 1853, and April 26, 1883, was married to Margaret, daughter of James Shannon, of Troy, this county, and by. this union there is one son, Frederick Allen. Mrs. Israel A. Pierce died February 12, 1891, aged sixty-five years. Mr. Pierce is a Democrat in politics, and in 1851 he was elected a justice of the peace of Troy, which office he held for fifteen years continuously. He is an attendant of the Episcopal Church, and is one of the best known and most highly esteemed citizens of Troy. NOBLE WILLIS PIERCE, retired farmer. Pike township, P. O. LeRaj^sville, was born in Susquehanna county. Pa., September 3, 1818. His father, Catlin Pierce, was born in New York, March 11, 1797, the son of Joseph Pierce, also a native of New York, who died in 1804, leaving five children: Betsey (wife of Ira Brister), Benjamin, Catlin, Sally (wife of Alby Bosworth) and Jane (whose first husband was B. B. Lewis, and her second, M. Blakesley). Catlin Pierce was educated 108G HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. in this State, his famil}^ having moved here in 1S04-, was a successful larnier, and di(;(l Januaiy 5, 18(51; lie was married, January 8, 1817, to Eunice Canlield, daugliter of Andrew and Eunice (Fairchild) Cantield (she was the sixth in a family of ten children) ; of this marriag-e there were ten children : Noble Willis, Commodore Perry, Sarah A. (wife of E. T. Billings), Alvira (wife of Harris Beecher), Emaline (wife of O. R. Coggswell). Betsey (wife of William Jones), Joseph, Temper- ance E. (wife of K. Brister), William and Andrew C. Mrs. Catlin Pierce died October 2, 1872. N. Willis Pierce, the subject of this sketch, was eilucated in the district school, and learned the trade of wheel-right, following that and farming until 1870, when he rented a iiouse in LeRaysville borough, and kej)t boarders three 3'ears, tiien returned to the farm until 1»86 ; then kept the LeRaysville hotel one vear, and purchased his present home on which he has lived. He is a llepublican, and was constable and collector in 1875. Mr. Pierce was married, December 22, 1841, to Harriet L. Hoadle}^ who died in 1843, and he afterwanl married, December 29, 1847, Jane A. Weed, daughter of John and Sally (Goodall); she died April 12, 1857, leaving one child, James E., born July 5, 1840, and died in 1878. Mr. Pierce's third wife was Ellen W. Ford, daughter of John and Sally Merritt (she was the third of nine children, seven of whom are living) ; they have had one child, Frank G., born October 14, 1861, at Prattville, Pa. STEPHEN PIERCE (deceased) was born in Smith field township, this county, August 29, 1813, a son of Abiram and Sarah (Satterlee) Pierce, the former a son of Phineas and Ruth (Gaines) Pierce. Phin. eas was a son of Amos and Mary (Spaulding) Pierce, Amos was a son of Thomas and Mary (Wyman) Pierce, and Thomas was a son of Thomas, who was a son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Cole) Pierce- Thomas, the son of Thomas and Elizabeth Pierce, in 1633-34 came from England, and settled in Charleston, Mass. Phineas Pierce, the grandfather of our subject, with his famil3% settled in Springfield town- ship, this county, in 1800, removing from Poultnev, Vt., and died in 1808. He was twice married; bv his first wife, Ruth Gaines, he had eleven children, and by his second wife, Ruth Beebe, he had three children. Abiram, the father of our subject, who was the eighth child and third son by his first wife, was born May 20, 1786, and cleared and improved a farm in Smithfield township, which he paid for twice, owing to the Connecticut title, and died there, October 17, 1860. On January 8, 1809, he married Sarah, daughter of James Sat- terlee who was a colonel in the Revolutionaiy War, and who settled in Smithfield township in 1799. The issue of this union was seven children : Christopher E., William S., Stephen, Mary (Mrs. John Sj)aulding), Jane L. (Mrs. John J. Johnson), Amos and Emma (Mrs. Horace Pomeroy). Our subject was reared in Bradford county, edu- cated in the common schools, Clinton Liberal Institute, and a law school. He Avas admitted to the bar in 1837, and had an office in Trov from that time until 1860, when he removed to Wellsboro, Pa., where lie was in active practice o| his profession until 1867; he died February 12, 1868, at the residence of his daughter, Mrs. G. F. Red- ington, now Mrs. Robert Ayres, of Troy. Mr, Pierce married, August HISTORY OF I^IIADFORD COUNTY, 1087 23, 1838, Mary daughter of John and Rlioda (Pierce) Ransom, of Poultnev, Vt., and by her liad lour children: Emma J., RolHn A., Chirence W. and Jolm R.; the sons all died of consumption. Mr. Pierce was possessed of rare natural talent, he was noted for his logical and legal ability, and his word was as good as his bond. He died honored and respected by all who knew him. He was a prominent Mason and Odd Fellow; in religious faith he was a Univer- salist, in politics a Democrat, and in 184-0-41 was a member of the Lower House of the Penns\'lvania Legislature. His only daughter and onl}^ surviving child, a resident of Troy, is the wife of Capt. Rob- ert Ay res, a native of Wilkes-Barre, Pa., who from 1855 to 1871 was in the United States Regular Army. He served through the Civil War, and rose from a non-commissioned officer of United States Engi- neers to the rank of captain of infantry, and was honoraby mustered out of the service, January 2, 1871. THEODORE PIERCE, postmaster, Canton, is a native of Broome county, N. Y., born October 9, 1839. His parents were Hamilton and Eleanor (Collington) Pierce, natives of Vermont, the former of whom was a farmer and died in Broome county, N. Y., in 1858, in his fifty- third year ; the latter died in 1852, in her forty-fourth year. Theodore Pierce is the fourth in order of birth in a family of five sons ant! three daughters, of whom six are now living. He was reared in Broome county, and received an academic education; taught one term of school in Lehigh county. Pa., and then clerked in a store some time in Wliitehaven,same State. In 186-4 he joined the Government Construc- tion Corps, and was discharged in June, 1865. Returning to Broome county he farmed a short time, and was postmaster at Centre village, Broome county, two years ; he was also elected a justice of the peace, but in 1869 he resigned his office, and came to Canton, where he engaged in the hardware business, which he has since followed. Pie was married in Broome county, N. Y., in 1867, to Malinda Light, who died in 1870. Mr. Pierce was appointed postmaster, and took charge of the office March 10, 1890 ; he served one term as burgess of Canton borough ; is a member of the F. &. A. M., Canton Lodge, No. 415, and served as master in 1880; Troy Chapter, Ko. 261, and Canton Commandery, No. 64. He has been treasurer of Canton Lodge several years, and is also treasurer of Canton Commandery. Politically he is a Republican. FRANK PIKE, of Wilcox, Pike & Co., proprietors of meat-market, Sayre, is a native of Owego, N. Y., and is a son of Horace and Lavan- tia (Norton) Pike, natives of Massachusetts. The father was a farmer and died in 1868, in his sixty-fourth year, while his wife died in Owego, in 1870, in her sixty-fourth year. Our subject is the tenth, in order of birth, in a family of twelve children, and was reared in Owego until he was seven 3'ears old, when he was taken to Long Island, where he remained until he was sixteen years of age. He then returned to Owego, and served an apprenticeship at the brick-mason's trade, which he follow^ed about six years, and then clerked for the Lehigh Yalley Railroad Company about five years, when he found employment in his present occupation in Waverly, N. Y., in September, 1887. On Janu- 1088 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. arv 15, 1891. a new shop was started in Sa3^re, of which he has charge- He is a member of the I. O. O. F., Manoka Lodge, No. 219, and the Order of Ked Men; in ])olitics lie casts his vote with the Republicans. HON. VICTOR K. PJOLLET was born in Wysox, this county, June 24, 1812, and died August 27, 1890, seventy -eight years, three months and three days intervening between the birth and death of one of the most remarkable men ever given to Bradford county. A son of Joseph M. PioUet, of France, a soldier under Napoleon, who was severely wounded at Austerlitz, by which he was so disabled that he was made postmaster of the Army'of the Alps, and retiring from the armv he entered the banking house of the celebrated financier, Talley- rand, of Paris. On the banker's recommendation he was appointed, by Count LeRay du Chaumont, his agent for the sale of his lands in northern Pennsylvania, and accordingly he came to Philadelpliia in 1806, stopping there one year to learn the English language. He came direct to Wysox, where he married Elizabeth Whitney, a native of Massachusetts, a lady of rare accomplishments and intelligence. Their children were: Victor E., Frances Theressa, Emily Victorine, Joseph E. and Elizabeth Josephine. The great Carlyle has described the French as " a volcanic people ;" and Avhile we all know them as fiery and impulsive, philosophers who laugh, yet the meaning of Carlyle's words are not so readilv comprehended in their full by one wiio has been careless of French history. Victor E. PioUet combined the remarkable qualities of the volcunic French and the stern and rigid Puritan, blended and so mixed up in him were these forces that all nature might stand up and say: "Here was a man." And over his grave the fitting w^ords spoken"^ bv Rev. Thomas K. Beecher when he said: "Col. Piollet was a 'character;' whatever may have been his faults, follies, virtues and deservings, they were patent. They were his. No one ever called him lukewarm. His words were not whispers. He was a downright man, and all who knew him knew where to find him. * * We may recall with admiration his strength, his industry, his persistence, his constancy, his earnest prosperity, his pronounced character, his hospitality"^ and his large acquaintance. Yes, we may note the great gap (as when a tree falls, and did not know before its si)read and bigness) left by his fall." Victor E. Piollett had precious little of book education ; he needed it not. He was his own schoolmaster, and therefore he had a great teacher, and his rise was as the resistless up-liftof the mountain, either guiding or creating circumstances. A farmer, born and dying on the same acre, he was the greatest champion of the farmers — the whole people— that the State has produced. Philosophic in expression, fear- less in thought and deed, he (lesi)ised all cant, and the arts of the dema- gogue and trimmer he spat upon. His business life, extending over a period of more than half a century, was characterized by that energy and rare ability that are given to'^ but few men. Nature had richly endowed him with her choicest gifts; when but twenty-five years of age, in 1837, he and his brother were the contractors foi- the work on a section of the North Branch Canal, then under construction by the State. His promptness in the execution of the work secured him the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1089 favor of the State otficials, and being active and influential in the coun" cils of the Democratic party, in the northern })ortion of the State, upon the election of Governor David K. Porter, in 1839, he was appointed superintendent of the North Branch Canal, then owned by and operated under the control of the State Government; subsequently he was elected a colonel in the State Militia. The duties of these positions he discharged with unwavering fidelity and signal ability. During bis incumbency of the office of superintendent of the canal, the late David Wilmot, author of the celebrated " Wilmot Proviso," was then a young attorney, just commencing practice in the courts of Bradford county. Col. Piollet was allowed, as superintendent, $1,000 per annum for clerk hire, and he generously gave the position to Wilmot, and performed the greater portion of the duties himself. In 1846 he was elected to the House at Ilarrisburg as a Democrat, and re-elected in 18-1:7. The war between the United States and Mexico was then in progress, and while a member of the Legislature he was appointed a paymaster in the army, with the rank of major, by President Polk, and assigned to duty with the army of invasion under Gens. Taylor and Scott. He immediately arranged his business affairs at home, and departed to enter upon his duties in Mexico. While there he became acquainted with many of the officers in the regular army, who, later, achieved distinction in the Union and Confederate armies of the late Rebellion, which acquaintance was maintained when- ev^er opportunitv presented, during his life. Just prior to his departure for Mexico he was married to Miss Jane Miller, daughter of Hon. Jesse Miller, the then Secretary of the Commonwealth, under Governor Porter; had been previously a member of the Twenty -fourth Congress, and a recognized leader of the Democrac}'' in central Pennsylvania. This union was a fortunate one. Miss Miller inheriting many of the admirable characteristics of her gifted and distinguished father. She possessed a refined and cultivated taste, combined with those qualities of mind and heart which rendered her beloved and respected by a large circle of friends and acquaintances. The genuine and generous hos- pitality of Col. Piollet and his wife was unlimited, and was as exten- sive as his acquaintance. Mrs. Piollet died in ]\Iarch, 1879. Tlie sur- viving children of Col. Piollet are Emily V., an estimable and accom- ]Jished lady, now the wife of 11. IT. Eggleston, of New York City, and Louis, who for some years has been the active business manager of his father's farm. In 1855-56, in company with Marcus Blair, of New Jersey, he con- structed twenty miles of railroad in that State, In the same year his l)rother, Joseph E., built the Barclay Railroad from Towanda to the Barclay mines, a distance of sixteen miles. While at this time he was actively engaged in various enterjirises, the political world received a share of attention. A life-long personal friend of Mr. Buchanan, in his election Col. Piollet performed the most excellent and loyal service on the stump in Pennsylvania. Mr. Buchanan, recognizing the ability of his friend. Col, Piollett, ])roffered him the position of private secre- tary. Being then engaged in business that refpiired his personal atten- tion, he declined the place, but consented to remain a few weeks at 1090 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. the National Capital, and act in the capacity that the President desired him to occupy during his administration. lie once informed the author of this sketch that his duties, while he remained at the White House, consisted larg-elv in returning the presents which had been sent the President. While the guest of Mr. Buchanan, one day, at dinner, he was seated opposite the British Minister, with whom he conversed quite freely in regard to the relation of the two countries. The dinner over, the representative of Great Britain inquired of Mr. Buchanan in regard to the profession of Col. PioUett, and was quite astonished when informed that he was a Pennsylvania farmer. In April, 1861, immediately after President Lincoln's proclamation, calling for 75,000 volunteers to put down the Rebellion, a meeting was called at the court-house in Towanda, to enlist volunteers to fill the quota of Pennsylvania. Col. PioUet addressed the meeting from the court-house balcony in a speech, which for eloquence and patriotism, has never been excelled in this county; his words were the strongest ap])eal to our citizens to stand by the emblem of our nationality, and our free institution; the integrity of the Union, and its indissolubility had no firmer or more loyal advocate and friend than Victor E. Piollett from 1861 to 1865. In 1864, in June, he represented the Thirteenth Congressional District in the Democratic National Convention, which nominated Gen. McClellan for the Presidency. In the same year he was the Democratic candidate for Congress, in the district composed of Brad- ford, Sullivan, Montour, Columbia and Wyoming counties; his oppo- nent was the late Chief- Justice Ulysses Mercur. The district was Ilepublican by a majority of one thousand. Of the vote actually cast in the district, CoL Piollet had a majority, but was defeated by the vote declared cast against him by the soldiers in the Held. Many of his friends seriously questioned the declared result. He was instru- mental and the active agent in the purchase of the North Branch Canal for the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, and when accom- ])lished was made supei'intemient of the construction, in 1866. of the rail- road extension from Lackawanna Junction to Waverly, N. Y., the work occupying three years; the first train bearing the president of the Lehigh Valley Railroad, Hon. Asa Packer, its chief officials and hun- dreds of citizens along the line, passed over the road September 9, 1869. Col. Piollet was the active spirit in formulating this great enterprise and bringing it to the attention of the officials of the - Lehigli Valley." In 1868 he was made the Democratic candidate; for Congress,^ and was again confronted by his old opponent. Judge Mercur. Party lines were sharply drawn" on the issues of the war, viz.: the reconstruc- tion of the Southern States, and the impeachment of Andrew Johnson. After an active canvass he was defeated by the insignilicant majority of ;ni in the laroest vote ever cast for Congress, in the Thirteenth District, In 1874: he was elected lecturer of the State (ii-ange, Talrons of IIiisl)an(li-v, :ind visited every county of the State. Through his efforts tli'e number of organizations and mtMubers was greatly increased, lie was subsequently honored by being elected HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1091 master and chairman of tlie Executive Committee. Plis interest in the success of the producing classes never wavered, and was untiring. Plis desire was to educate and elevate all engaged in agricultural pur- suits. How earnest and energetic were his efforts can be attested by thousands in his native State. In 1875 he was nominated by the Democratic State Convention for State treasurer, and canvassed Pennsylvania, from Lake Erie to the Delaware, but was defeated by 4,000 in the State. In 1886 he was again the leader of the forlorn hope for Congress in a district containing 1:,000 Republican majority. In the Presidential canvass of 1888 he, with Hon. Samuel J. Ilandall and thousands of other Democrats, refused to support President Cleveland's tariff reform platform, and opposed his election on the ground that the protection was for the best interests of the American people. Victor E. Piollet possessed the courage of his convictions, and in that canvass severed his connections with the Democratic party. He has passed from "the land of shadows," and peacefully rests in the beautiful valley of the Susquehanna, made glorious by his efforts more perhaps than bv any other man, living or dead. JOSEPH E. PIOLLET, farmer, Wvsox, is a son of Hon. Joseph M. and Elizabeth (Whitney) Piollet. He was born August 30, 1810, almost on the spot where he now resides, and of him it may be said (and what more need l)e said of any man) that he h a worthy son of an illustrious father. His father came to this county in 1807. and the first year was at Rummerfield, and then in 1808 removed to Wysox, and was for years merchandising with William Keeler. Joseph M. Piollet died in Wysox, in, 1850, aged seventy-seven. Victor E. and Joseph M. Piollet were more than brothers ; the\^ were insejmrable com- panions and partners in all the business affairs of their lives, a close communion without variableness and change, that only parted when the Grim Reaper gathered his harvest, in August. 1890, in the death of the elder brother, and when the two were thus forever separated, the next nearest thing to that continued companionship and communion was to place Victor's son, Louis, in the place of his father, and the business went on. Joseph E. Pi(.)llet and Esther A. Cox (a daughter of John Cox, of Scotch-Irish descent) were united in the holy bonds of wedlock, in Dauphin county, in 1819, and of this happy union were born four sons and one daughter, of whom, John C. is at home, and is manager of his fathers large farm ; Heister is a locomotive engineer on the Lehigh Valley Railroad, and resides at Sayre. The two brothers, Victor and Joseph, engaged largely in railroad building at different times, and constructed many miles of the Lehigh Valley, almost the entire road bed of the P)arclay Railroad. Jose]ih was president of the Bradford County Agricultural Society, elevenyears; he was nominated on the Democratic ticket for the Legislature, but suffered defeat with his ticket, though running largeU^ ahead of it. The brothers were contractors on the old canal. It is proper to stale here, that while the brothers were Democrats, the younger one eschewed politics and left that almost wholly to his brother, and his one ambiti(ju was to be one of the best of the many famous farmers 1092 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. of old Bradford county, and he fully realized his fondest expectations in this respect. Of his brothers and sisters, other than Victor E., it is proper here to say that his sister Frances T. married Alexander DcAving (she is now a widow and a resident of Wysox); Emile V., married to Thomas T. Wierman, resides at Ilarrisburg ; her children are two sons and three daughters (her eldest daughter married the eminent Dr. Mitchell); Elizabeth, youngest daughter of Joseph M. PioUet, married D. C. Salsbury, and "^died at at the age of twenty-two, leaving one child. To the outside public these two companion and partner brothers' lives ran in very different grooves, but it was not so. The one simply was indifferent to all except the vast business affairs and his quiet home ; this was merely responsive to his nature, the conservatism of his born characteristics, and they were best known and best, or per- haps only fully, appreciated by that brother and partner. His long and useful life is gently closing, and it brings to him the cheering con- solation that it has been a true life, and is rounded out with those features that will make it a study and subject of fond respect by a remote posteritv. JOHN PIOLLET, farmer and stock-grower, Wysox township, was born in Wvsox, this county, April 12, 1856, and is a son of J. E. Piol- let. He spent his boyhood on the farm, attending the common schools, and has always been engaged with his father on the farm. Mr. Piollet was married, "^November 1, 1882, to Miss Carrie, daughter of Eugene D. and Clara (Kraffl) Morgan, of Memphis, Tenn., and this union has been blessed with three bright and beautiful children, viz.: Theresa, Clara Eugenia and John Cox. Mr. and Mrs. Piollet are members of Wysox Grange; he is a life-long and full-fledged Democrat, and a strong advocate of political reform. LOUIS PIOLLET, farmer, of Wysox township, is a descendant of one of the most illustrious families of Bradford, a people eminent for their progressive enterprise, as well as for their convictions, that comnuind universal attention and respect. He was born May 22. 1859, and is the only son of Col. Victor E. Piollet. His sister, Emily V., first married Robert A. Packer, known throughout the country in con- nection with the Lehigh Valley Railroad, and whose splendid residence is now the noted Robert A. Packer Hospital, Sayre; he died when a voung man, and she afterward married Richard H. Eggleston, cashier "of Lincoln National Bank. New York', and of which they are residents. She is the only other surviving child of Col. Victor E. l*iollett. The childhood life of young Piollet was surrounded with the unusual advantages that came of' great wealth, and one of the most intelligent and interesting families of the Commonwealth. At his mother's knee he imbibed his first lessons of life, impressed, as they were, every hour and minute of his childhood, by the stronger will and the nearly equal deej) affection of a father of i-are intelligence and gentle blood. AVhen he was old enough, his parents provided a private tutor, both a teacher and companion, who guidcid his footsteps along the intricate paths of that higher and better education, including the s(;iences and the classics. Thus he came, in tender years, in touch with only the best influences. HISTORY OF rmADFORD COUNTY. 1093 and the lad was res})onsive to all this parental care and solicitude that their fond hearts could bestow. His home education completed, the text books had been successfully passed, when his parents sent him to polish the whole with travel, both in this country and in Europe. His companionship in his travels was, most fortunately, part of the time with Robert A. Packer, with whom he visited most of the noted spots in Europe, many parts of this country, especially Florida, at Mr. Packer's cottage by tlie sea, and at the National Democratic Convention, St. Louis, in 1870, that nominated Gov. Samuel J. Tilden for President. Thus, by travel and by circumstances, he was thrown in contact with many of the most noted men of the day, both in this country and in the Old AVorld. When he returned to his old home, he began at once to relieve his father of some of the vast business cares that were well and bravely met, and in a short time, when he had demonstrated his ability, he was more and more entrusted, until soon the declining years of his father were soothed with the glowing satisfaction that both his confidence and hope were well placed. Thus and then only may the young, in part, repay the solicitous love and care of fond parents. The young man soon mastered affairs, and carried along successfully the entei'prises that had been so well placed on their foundations by his sire. The great farm, and its interests and many-sided concerns, were being moved ever forward by the young man. At the same time he was not allowing his literary tastes to rust or spoil, and he gave careful attention to the great economic questions of government, and, young as he was, in 1890 he canvassed the entire State in behalf of the grand old Uepublican party, winning laurels where often okl veterans of the stump had failed to catch the public favor. The young man had hardly passed his "teens" when he stood at the head of the noted farmers of the grand old Commonwealth; and hardly had he passed his majority before his eloquence and wisdom Avere sought, and not in vain, in the more important councils of his party — a party in Bradford county that can boast of its Wilmot, its Graw, and its Mercur. Thus, as intimated above, as child, youth, and young man, he was most fortunate in all his surroundings, happily found fallow ground in his young soul, and ready responses have come to every touch. He was married November 29, 1885, to Geoi'gianna Mowery, daughter of Hon. Ezekiel Mowery, of W3"oming county, of English descent. To this marriage were born three children, as fol- lows: Emeline V.. Victor E. and Thomas "VVierinan. The family are members of the Presbyterian Churcli; he is a Master Mason, and a member of Pomona Grange, Patrons of Husbandry, No. 23, of Sulli- van and Hradford counties. WILTON L. PITCHER, blacksmith, P. O. Warren Centre, was born in Jackson Valley, Pa., March 26, 1861, a son of Joel and Eliza- beth (Beeman) Pitcher, natives of this State, and of English stock. The father was a wagon-maker by trade, and was born in this county, where he now resides. His family consisted of four children, and our subject, who is the third in the order of bii'tii, was reared and edu- cated in Warren township, and was placed, while quite young, in a blacksmith shop here, where he learned the trade, which he has fol- 61 1094: HISTORY OF BRADFORD COL'NTY. lowed with marked success, and his shop in Warren Centre is well known and largely patronized ; his residence is one of the elegant buildings of the place, which has man}' find residences. lie married, in in his native township, February 15, 1882, Ella A., daughter of James and Frances (Corson) Tibbetts, natives of Rhode Island and New York, respectively, and of English extraction. Iler father was a school teacher, and died December 12, 1888, aged sixty seven ; he was the son of Capt. James Tibbetts, who died July 19, 1879, aged ninety-seven vears. The Avidow of James Tibbetts, Jr., survives, and is a resident of Owego, N. Y. To them were born two children, Seth E. (of Maine) and Ella (wife of our subject). To Mr. and Mrs. Wilton L. Pitcher have been born three children, as follows: Lee E., born June 2, 1884; Lora A., born January 17, 1886. and Walter W., born April 26, 1887. Mr. Pitcher is a member- of the Sexennial League, and is a Republican. Mrs. Pitcher is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The family count among their intimates and friends many of the best peo- ple of the countv, and are highlv respected. GEORGE PLANTS, farmer, Litchfield township, P. O. Litchfield, was born April 20, 1836, in Chemung county, N. Y., a son of Leonard and Hulda Plants, the former a native of Cumberland county, Pa., the latter of Orange county, N. Y.; they settled in Litchfield township on a farm of eigty-six acres. Their fauiily consisted of ten children, eight of whom are living, George being the youngest. The subject of this memoir was reared in Litchfield, and eclucated at the common school. lie served one year in the War of the Rebellion under Gen. Butler, as a member of Company E, Seventy-sixth P. Y. L, and was honorably discharged. lie is now a prosperous farmer, enjoying the confidence of his fellow citizens. lie is a Republican in politics, and was elected to the offices of auditor, judge of elections, and justice of the peace, which latter office he is at present filling. In his religious views he is a Baptist. C. BURTON POMEROY, a prominent farmer of Bradford county, P. O. Troy, was born in Troy township, this county, x\pril 11, 1839, a son of E'benezer and Laura (Brewster) Pomeroy, both natives of Tolland county. Conn., and is of Puritan and Pilgrim stock. His paternal grandparents were Eleazer and Priscilla (Kingsbury) Pomeroy; Eleazer was a son of Daniel and Naomi (Kibbs) Pomeroy; Daniel, a son of Noah and Elizai)eth (Sterling) Pomeroy; Noah, a son of Joseph, who was a son of Eltweed p7jmeroy, who came from England to America in 1630, settling in Northampton, Mass., and later, at Wind- sor, Conn. Eijenezer Pomeroy settled in Troy township about 1818, and for some vears carried on the carding and cloth dressing works near Long's Mills. He afterward purchased the land now owned by his sons Chauncey N. and our subject, which he cleared and improved, and wliere "he resided until his death, which occurred in 1878, when he was aged seventy-three years, lie was the father of ten children: Edwin S., Emily (Mrs. Volnoy M. Long), Kingsbury, Favette, Augustus, Chauncev N., Sybil M. (Mrs. E. P>. Parsons), Mary, Frances (Mi-s. W. V>. IIolT) and C. Burton. The subject of this sketch was reared on the old homestead, a part of which ho now owns and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1095 occupies. He married, October 30, 1867, Sophia, daughter of Lorenzo and Jane A. (Welch) Webber, of Elrnira, N. Y., by whom he has five children: Edwin 8., John W., Adelle, Horace B. and Fayette B. Mr. Pomeroy is a leading and progressive farmer of Troy township, is a breeder of Jersey cattle, registered in the American Herd Book, of Shropshire sheep and AVood Hambletonian horses; he is a member of the Presbvterian Church of Troy, and is a Republican in politics. SAMUEL WHITE POMEROY, of the firm of Pomeroy Bros., bankers, Troy, was born in Troy, this county, December 8, 1821, a son of Col. Isaac N. and Anna (Kingsbury) Pomeroy, and can trace his ancestr}^ to the time of William the Conqueror. His father, a native of Coventry, Conn., was born March 28, 1791, and was a son of Eleazer and Priscilla (Kingsbury) Pomeroy. Eleazer Avas a son of Daniel and Xaomi (Kibbs) Pomero}' ; Daniel was a son of Noah and Elizabeth (Sterling) Pomeroy; Noah was a son of Joseph, a son of Eltweed Pomeroy, who came from England to America in 1630, settling in Dorchester, Mass., and later in Windsor, Conn. Isaac N. Pomeroy received a good education, which laid the foumUition of his future successful business career ; he spent some years in Genoa, Cayuga Co., N. Y., and in ISIS settled in Troy, Pa., and at once engaged in the manufacture of cloth, which he followed successfully for ten years ; he then purchased a farm near Troy, upon which he lived ten years, when he bought the "Eagle Hotel " at Troy, which he rebuilt, and was its successful proprietor for nearly twenty years. About this time he built the residence, adjoining the bank, in company witli his son Horace ; he was interested largely in village pro])erty, imparting, by means of his excellent business talents and liberalit}^ a stimulus to Troy that will long be gratefully remembered ; he was extensively engaged for many years with staging and bridge building, being considered one of the most courteous and genial of employers. He took an active part in militar^^ affairs, and was elected colonel of a militia regiment, his affability and fine military bearing making him one of the most popular officers of the regiment. He was married three times : his first wife was Anna O. Kingsbury, to whom he was married December 8, 1813, and the issue of this union was seven children: Sybil K , Daniel F., Eleazer. Horace, Samuel W., Laura A., and Charlotte Eliza (Mrs. Charles C. Paine); his second wife was Maria A. Merrick, whom he married March 17, 1832, and by her had two children : Newton M. and Anna M.; by his third wife, Lucinda W. Merrick, whom lie married October 9, 1839, he had three children: Solyman, Henrietta B. (Mrs. George -B. Davidson) and George H. Few men have left the impress of their lives and characters upon the community where they resided more forcibly and indelibly than Col. Pomeroy, or liave been more just in their business transactions. He died May 30, 1861, in his seventy-first year. Samuel W. Pomeroy, the subject of the sketch, was the fifth child and fourth son, was reared in his native town, received an academical education, and began life as a clerk in a dry -goods store in Owego, N. Y., when twenty-one years of age. He embarked in the general merchandise business in Troy, Pa., as a member of the firm of lO'Jt) HISTOKY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Pomeroy & Redington, and from 1844 up to 1860 as S. W. & D. F. Pomeroy & Co.; he then engaged in the banking business with his brothers, Daniel F, and Horace, under the name of Pomeroy Brothers, in which name the business has been successfully conducted to the present time; in 1860 a branch bank was established at Bloss- bur«-, Tioga Co., Pa., under the name of Pomeroy Bros, tfe Smith, which has also been conducted and success!' ull}' managed up to date; besides his banking interests, Mr. Pomeroy is also interested in farming, in Troy township, and is a stockholder in a large cattle ranch in South Dakota. Mr. Pomeroy was married, May 15, 1843, to A. Malvina, daughter of Edward and Olive (Bennett) Davidson, of Tompkins countv, N. Y., and has one daughter: Ellen E. (Mrs. Capt. B. B. Mitchell). Mr. Pomeroy is pre-eminently a self-made man ; he and his family are members of the Presbyterian Church ; politically he is a Ilepublican. A. B. PORTER, postmaster, Wyalusing, was born in Newton, Fair- field Co., Conn., January 10, 1834, and is a son of M. B. and Sabra (Peck) Porter. M. B. Porter, who was born in Danbury, Conn., in 1808, learned the trade of blacksmith, which he followed several years ; then began to preach the Gospel, belonging to the Wesley an Methodist denomi- nation; in 1844 he came to Bradford county, and after a short sojourn in Pike township, he purchased a farm in Herrick township, where he resided some time; he then went to LeRaysville, and from there to Montrose, where he was engaged in mercantile business, and died June, 20, 1876; of a family of four children, three reached maturity, viz: Hor- ace S. (deceased), Harriet M. (married to Hon. Asa Nichols, and died in LeRaysville in December, 1889), and our subject. A. B. Porter was born and reared on a farm, attending the common-school until seven- teen, when he began teaching, which he followed about twelve years, attending the LeRaysville Academy in the meantime; he afterward took a course in Bryant 6c Stratton's Commercial i^ca, 1844, and is a son of Hobart C. and Jerusha (Bronson) Porter. His paternal grandfatlier was Horace Porter, of Puritan stock, and a lai-ge land owner and dealer in real estate, at Waterbury, Conn., where he lived and died. The maternal grandfather was Benjamin Bronson, also of Puritan stock, and a prominent merchant of his day, at New Haven, Conn. Hobart C. Porter was a native of Waterbury, Conn.; was edu- cated at New Haven, and began his business cai-eer as a merchant, in Cheshire, Conn., and died in New Haven, in 1859; his children were Clark B. and Helen P. (Mrs. Arthur Snow, now deceased). Clark B. Porter was reared in New Haven county. Conn., until fifteen years old. In 1859 he came to Towanda, and entered the drug store of Dr. H. C. Porter, as clerk, and served an apprenticeship of seven years at the business, after which he was employed in the Treasury Depart- ment at Washington, two years. In 1868 he embarked in the drug business, at Towanda, with Job P. Kirby, tlie partnership existing four years, under the firm name of Porter & Kirby, when he sold his interest to Mr. Kirby, and engaged in business alone, at his present location, south end of the " Ward House," where he has since con- ducted a successful business, and is now the pioneer druggist of the city. Mr. Porter married Lizzie L., daughter of Matthias H. and Annie (Overton) Laning, of Wysox township, this county, and has three children, viz.: Mary R., Fannie L. and Emily L. Mr. Porter is a member and vestryman of Christ Episcopal Church, and is a F. & A. M. He is president of Oak Hill Cemetery, president of the Lin-ta Hose Company, a director of the Ilawes Manufacturing Comjmny, and Electric Light Company, and is a member of the Board of Trade. He has served two terms as a member of Towanda borough council, and burgess of Towanda, three years. He has served two terms as chief engineer of the Fire Department, is president of the Providence Shield Insurance Comoanv, and in politics is a Democrat. JASPER B. PORTER, general merchant, Columbia township, P. O. Sylvania, was born at Rising Sun, Cecil Co., Md., June 20, 1849, and is a son of William and Mary E. (Ratlibun) Porter, of English descent. He was reared in his native county, until thirteen years of age, when he removed to Washington, D. C, and was graduated from the public school of that city, in the English, French and German branches. On account of ill-health he traveled extensively over the American continent for several years; and in 1883, locating in Syl- vania, this county, he embarked in the drug business, at which he continued two years. In 1890, he became proprietor of a general mer- chandising store, the principal one of Sylvania. On October 4, 1881, he married Stella F., daughter of Harry and Mary E. (Gregory) Coan, of Bloom vi lie, Delaware Co., N. Y. Mr. Porter is a member of the F. & A. M. and I. O. O. F.; he has served as burgess of Sylvania four years, and in politics is a Republican. THEODORE F. PORTER, salesman, Elmira, N. Y., was born in Granville township, this county, September 5, 1844, and is a son of Minor T. and Anna (Ayres) Porter. His paternal grandparents, Zora 1098 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, and Anna (Keeler) Porter, formerly of Vermont, were pioneers of Granville township, where they cleared and imjiroved a farm on which they lived and died. Their children were Seth K., Minor A., Major 13. and Albert. Of these, Minor T., the father of Theodore F., was born in Ti'oy township, in 1810; has always followed farming, and cleared and improved the farm he now owns and occupies in Granville town- ship; his wife w^as a daughter of Abijah Ay res, who settled in Gran- ville township in 1820. Their children, who grew to maturity, were Edward, Sally (Mrs. Fred Black), Roxie (Mrs. Seely Ayres), Nancy Mi's. John Grantier), and Theodore F., who was reared in Granville township, was educated in the common schools, and was engaged in farming there for twenty-four years, being now the owner of one of the best farms in Granville township, which was cleared and imi)roved by his father-in-law, Dr. Bovier. Mr. Porter married, in 1806, Helen S., daughter of Dr. Solomon and Almira (Edsell) Bovier, of Granville township, and thev have one daughter, Effie (Mrs. S. P. Tinklepaugh). Mr. Porter was in the Civil War, having enlisted, in 1864, in Company I, Fifteenth New York Engineers; participated in the battles of Fort Fisher, the Weldon raid and in other minor engagements, and was honorably discharged after eleven months' service. Mr. Porter has resided in Elmira, N. Y., since 1890. He is a Sir Knight Templar, and is a member of the G. A. P.; in politics he is a Democrat. UEL C. PORTER, retired, Troy, was born in Troy township, this county, March 16, 1829, and is a son of John and ]\fartha (Furman) Porter. His paternal grandfather, Thomas Poi-ter, was of English parentage, and settled in Troy township in 1814, when he purchased about one hundred and fifty acres of land on the "Drinker tract," which was cleared by himself and sons; he taught school for many years, and was generally known as "Master Porter;" he died in 1S24-. lie married a widow, Mrs. Wiltsie (formerly Hannah Mosher),"by whom he had three children: John, Uel and P)etsey (Mrs. AVarren Will- iams). The sons succeeded to the homestead, ancl for twenty years or more, worked the farm in unison, then divided the jiroperty on the best of terms. John, the father of our subject, was born in Bethlehem, Albany Co., N. Y., in 1798, and died on the homestead in Troy town- shi]), in 1858. His wife was a daughter of William and A bey (Ilalleck) Furnuin, the former of whom was a pioneer of Columbia township, where he settled prior to 1810. The issue of this union was eleven children, of whom nine grew to maturity : Betsey (Mrs. Howard Tay- lor), Julia (Mrs. S. H. Hill), Electa (Mrs". C. T. Merry), Lyman, Uel C, George, Furman, William Burton, and Sarah (Mrs. F. P. Gates). Our subject was reared in Troy township, served an a])prenticeship at the harness-makeFs trade, in Burlington, this county, from 1847 to 1849, and from 1856 to 1866 was engaged in farming on the old Porter home- stead. At the latter date he eml)arked in the hai-ness business at Troy, with B. II. Hobart, as Ilobartit Porter, which they continued until 1888. In 1873 the lii-m built a tannery, and opei-ated it for a period of three years, when they took E. VanDine in as a partner, and cai- ried on the business for a period of four years longer, under the firm name of E. VanDine cV: Co., at which time (1880) the firm of E. VanDine HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1099 & Co. was dissolved, and Ilobart and Porter retired. Mr. l*orter having been in business a periotl of twenty-two years. He lias been four times married : his second wife was Sarah E., dauojiter of Jacob and Olive (Williams) Linderman, of Troy township; his third wife was Laura, daughter of Ansel and Betsey ' (Case) AVillia,ms, of Troy town- ship, by ^vhora lie has a daughter, Martha K., and his present wife, Fannie M., is a daughter of A. M. Cornell, of Columbia township. Mr. Porter is a member of the Universal ist Church, the F. & A. M. and R. A. M. Politicallv he is a Democrat. HON". JOSEPH POAYELL, Towanda. The good brethren of the Moravian Church were among the earliest pioneers to settle along this branch of the Susquehanna river. These people came as early as 1742, in chartered ships, under the supervision of Count Zinzerdorf and Brother Spangbrother, and every ship-load would organize church soci- eties; hence they were known for a long time as " Die See Gemeinen," or " Sea Congregations." One of these ships so laden was the " Cath- erine," that sailed from Holstein to London, where they were joined by seven families, of whom were Samuel Powell and wife, Martha, and Joseph Powell and wife, Martha, who were from Shropshire, England, on the border of Wales. The Powells first preached at New Haven. They visited Yale school, and went on foot from Greenwich to New York, where the v joined their ship's company, and proceeded to Phila- delphia, and finailv to Bethlehem, the Chief Moravian settlement. Of these two men, Joseph Powell was the great-grandfather of the gen- tlemen whose name opens this sketch. At Bethlehem the great-grand- mother died. He was sent by his church to Wechquadnach, Conn., and died in Sharon, Litchfield county. In 1859 the Moravians erected a suitable monument over his grave. ^ His son, Stephen Powell, was a soldier of the Revolution, and in 1798 he removed from Dutchess county, N. Y., to Bradford county, settling in Ulster, bringing with him his young son, Joseph C. Powell, the father of Joseph Powell. Joseph C. Powell became one of the leading men of Bradford county, and was very prominent as an organizer in the political movements of that day. He was a farmer and merchant, was elected to the Legis- lature and filled several county offices, such as sheriff and prothono- tary, and died at Towanda, in'' 1854, leaving a large and eminently respectable family. His wife was Selina Phillips, whose father was a native of York and mother of Vermont. Hon. Joseph Powell was born in Towanda, this county, June 23, 1828, was reared on a farm and attended the common schools, also the academy at Athens. At the age of eighteen he became a clerk in a generarstore, and had learned the trade well enough, in 1852, to engage in it on his own account, soon becoming one of the leading business men of the county. He was an extensive farmer and merchant, deal- ing heavily in coal and timber lands, whereby he aided greatly in developing the resources of his native county. He was one of the organizers of the coal company, of which he was treasurer for many years, and he contributed to the building of a large tannery to con- sume the bark from the timber manufactured in the mills. As a busi- ness man he was broad and genei'ous, ever alert in promoting the pub- 1100 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. lie weal, and iielpful toward not only friends, but all whose claims or wants appealed to his charitabie and kind nature. lie was one of the original stockholders in the First National Bank of Towanda, in 1863, and in 1870 he became its president, in which position he served nearly twent}' years. He was interested in establishing the Towanda Agri- cultural Implement Factory, and was a director of the Towanda Bridge Company, besides being associated in manv other important enter- prises. In all these varied industries and pursuits he was eminently conservative and successful. While he was first in enterprise and in public spirit, when war came, although he was from cause exempt from service, yet he claimed the privilege of sending a substitute to the front, while he, at home, was one of the most liberal contributors to the cause, giving both time and means thereto, and his contributions to the different commissions in aul of the soldiers and their families were man^^ and always liberal. When the war was over he took issue with the Ilepublican ])arty on its reconstruction measures, and in 1874, abnost without his knowl- edge, he was made the Democratic nominee for Congress, and in the face of a heavy adverse majority was triumphantly elected. He served his term with wisdom and fidelity, and every measure of econ- omy presented found in him a heart}' supporter. He was re-nomi- nated in 1876, but being a Presidential year the opposition was ena- bled to hold enough of their party in check to defeat him. In 1883 he was nominated, in the face of his earnest protest, by the Democratic State Convention, for State treasurer, and he yiekled to the wish of his friends all over the Commonwealth only when he became con- vinced it was his duty. In 1885 he was ap])ointed, under President Cleveland, deputy collector of the Port of Pliiladelphia, and served a full term in that high and responsible office. In that great city of rich Ilepublican merchants he discharged everx' personal and official duty sans 2)eur etscuis reproche; and, on resigning his office, in 1889, he carried with him the un(jualified respect and approbation of all. In 1890 he was named by the Democratic County Convention for sheriff, and, in the face of a Republican majority, at the preceding election, of 4,200, he was elected by the unprecedented majority of 1890 — exactly one vote for each year of the Christian era, to the date of this exti-aordinary political triumph ; in this particular case, not so much a political triumph as a tribute by his old neighbors and friends to his personal worth. This simi>le stateinent of iiis private and public record clearly indicates tiuit no man in Bradford county ever gained a more sincere and cordial respect of all the people than has lie. He had buillt up a great private fortune, and when a series of the most untoward circumstances swept away that fortune, while holding in his hands many pi-ivate trusts, yet so clean, honorable and clear was his every move that his personal ])opularit\' among all men was only added to, when it had already seemed to have i-eached the extreme high tide. He was married, February 2, 1859, to Miss Hannah Noble, step-daughter of Hon. H. W. Tracy, a member of Congress, in 1862, and by this union there are four (hiughters and one son, as follows : Henrietta Page, Frances Theresa, Joseph, Hannah and Mary. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1101 PATRICK POWERS, blacksmith, P. O. East Smithfield, was born in Athens, January 29, 1850, a son of Thomas and Ahce (Bollon) Powers, natives of County Waterford, Ireland, who came to this county when young, and settled at Athens, about forty five years ago. Mr. Powers, who is the youngest of eight children, commenced to learn his trade at fourteen years of age, and wlien eighteen started in the busi- ness for himself at Athens, which he has continued since. He married, November 6, 1875, Catherine, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth (Farr) Buck, natives of Ireland, who came to this country in early life (she was the third in a family of twelve children, and was born in Kidge- bury, this county. May 28, 1854). Mr. and Mrs. Powers have had born to them two children: Thomas F., born August 6, 1876, and Isabell, born June 22. 1878. Mr. Powers has been a successful business man, and has accumulated a nice property; he is a Democrat in politics. The familv are members of the Roman Catholic Church. DAVID S. PRATT, M. D., Towanda, one of the leading and eminent physicians of Bradford count\% is a native of the State, born in Susquehanna county, December 10*^ 1826, and is a son of Russell and Olive Towner Pratt, His paternal grandfather removed from Connecticut to Middleton in 1799, and purchased a quarter section of land, and died tiiere. Dr. Pratt's father, who was a farmer, merchant and manufacturer, removed to Towanda in 1848, and resided there until his death. His children were nine in number, as follows: Matilda (Mrs. Lyman E. DeWolf), Leonard, Calvin, Mary (Mrs. A. J. Easterbrook), David S , Angeline (Mrs. H. A. Burbank), Julia (Mrs. Rev. Timothy Olmsted), Sophronia (Mrs. S. W. Rogers) and Joseph T. Dr. Pratt was reared in his native town, and educated in the common schools and at Susquehanna Academy. Lie read meJicine with his brother. Dr. Leonard Pratt, now of San Jose, Cal., was graduated from the Homeopathic Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1851, and immediately located in Towanda, where he has since been in active practice. His youngest brother, Joseph T., who died twelve years ago, when but thirty-eight years of age, had, by his own unaided exertions, attained the honorable position of judge of the court of common pleas, at Philadelphia. In 1849 Dr. Pratt married Catherine, daughter of Daniel and Mary (Allen) Abell, of Warren township, this county, and niece of A. S. Abell, of Baltimore. He has four children: Ella (Mrs. W. G.Gordon), Dr D. Leonard, Isabella (Mrs. Simon Randall), and Dr. C. Manville. The Doctor is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the F. & A. M., and in politics he is a Republican. The practice of homeopathy, at the time of his opening an office here, was somewhat new to"^the people, but his remarkable success is the best evidence that it did not long thereafter remain so. Profession- ally, socially and financially Dr. Pratt has long been easily recognized as one of our foremost citizens, and has reared his family eminent in all the social qualities that are the make-up of this favored community. Lie has passed the three-score mile-stone on life's highway, but is strong, active, and as busy, professionally, as in his younger and probably more combative days, and with his extensive practice has accumulated a handsome com])etency. 1102 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. D. LEONARD PRATT, a well-known physician and surgeon of Towanda, was born in Towanda, this county, December G, 1853, and is a son of Dr. David S. and Catherine (Abell) Rratt. He was reared in his native town, and received an academical education at Susque- hanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda, and AVaverly Academy, Waverly, N. Y., where he passed the regent's examination, which admitted him to anv university in the State, when but iifteen years of age. He then studied medicine with his father, and graduated from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in March, 1875, and in 1878, graduated from the Chicago Homeopathic Medical College, Chicago, 111. Dr. Pratt began the practice of his profession in Towanda, in 1878, removed to Minnea- polis, Minn., in 1886, and while there was elected presiding officer and medical examiner in the Knights of Honor of that city: was four years Medical Director of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, and also State examiner for the Knights of Pythias. He returned to Towanda in 1888, where he has since been in active practice, giving his especial attention to surgery. On May 12, 1875, the Doctor married Mary, daughter of Sherman M. and Helen (Myer) Aspinwall, of Townnda, and by her he has three children : Catherine H., Joseph G. and Sue M. The Doctor is a member of the Western Academy of Medicine, the Minnesota State Medical Society of Homeopathy, and also belongs to the K. of H. and K. of P.; in politics he is a Republican. C. MAK VILLE PRATT, M. D., Towanda, is a native of l^radford county, a son of the well-known Dr. D. S. Pratt, his mother being Cathe'rine (Abell) Pratt, The ancestors of this gentleman were among the early pioneers of Bradford county, and the family are remotely of Eng'lish descent. In Dr. D. S. Pratt's family were four children — two sons and two daughters. The subject of this sketch was born in Towanda, October 26, 1859, ])asse(l the rooms of the public schools and then became a student in the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, where he was graduated in 1875, and was then in attend- ance at Princeton University, three years, entering sophomore year, and was graduated in 1879. He then became a medical student in the Pennsylvania University, and received the degree of M. D. in 1882, and in 1885 he was graduated in the Homeopathic School of ^Medicine, at Chicago, and ])racticed one year in his fathers office, in Towanda, since when he has been alone; and, while not one of the oldest in the profession, he has a practice that is as extensive as many who have long outranked him in years in the borough. AVhile his practice is in physic and surgery, yet it is probably in the line of sur- gerv that he excels, as to this branch of his profession he is earnestly devoted, and has performed some noted and difficult operations. The doctor was united in marriage, in 1885, with Louise, daughter of Ster- ling Woodford, who was of English descent. The children born to Dr?and :\lrs. Pratt are : David S., Sterling Woodford and Jiussell ]>oyd. Mrs. Pratt is a member of the Episcopal Church ; Dr. C. Man- ville Pratt is a member of the IMetliodist Episcopal Church, and in j)olitics is a Re])ublican. SOPH HON US S. PRATT, farmer. Pike township, P. O. Brushville, was born in Prattville, Bradford Co., Pa., April 4, 1836, a son of HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, 1103 James W. and Ruth (Canfield) Pratt, natives of Connecticut, in whose family there were eleven children, of whom Sophronus is the sixtli. He purchased his present home of seventy-two acres in 1861, and has since given his undivided attention to farming. Mr. Pratt was married, January 2, 1859, to Lucy, eldest daughter of Giles N. and Emeline DeWolf, natives of Pennsylvania and of French origin. This happy union has been blessed with four children, as follows: Leslie M., born June 2, 1860, died June 23, 1863; Sylvia May, born November 27, 1862, was married, September 16, 1883, to Irad Doan (they have one child: Ella C, born November 2, 1885); Arthur V., born November 17, 1865, was married September 1, 1885, to Lottie Wyley (they have one child, George S., born November 20, 1887) and' Clara V!, born June 12, 1868, died October 13, 1879. Mr. and Mrs. Pratt are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics he is a Republican. EBEN L. PRESTON, genei-al blacksmith, P. O. Columbia Cross Roads, was born in Troy township, this county, April 24, 1818, a son of Jabez and Elvira (Ayres) Preston. His paternal grandfather, Eben Preston, formerly of Vermont, was one of the pioneers of Troy town- ship, and cleared and improved the farm now owned by P>enjamin Webber and the Levi Preston estate; he married Lucy Baldwin, by whom he had three children : Jabez, Nancy (Mrs. Andrew Decker) and Levi, who married Susan Webber. The father of our subject was born in Troy township, always followed farming as an occupation, and died, in 1865, at the age of forty-six years. His wife was a daughter of Lorenzo and Abigail (Smith) Ayres, of Columbia township, by whom he had four children : Eben L., Luc}'^ (Mrs. Julius Adams), Lewis and Emma (Mrs. George Ross). Eben L. \vas reared and educated in Troy township, and followed farming until 1885. For several winters he worked at the blacksmith's trade, and in 1886 located at Columbia Cross Roads, and embarked in the general blacksmith business, in which he has since successfully continued. In July, 1868, he married Phebe M., daughter of Myron and Phebe (Rundell) Luther, of Burlington town- ship, and has four children living: Elmer, Bertie, Elsie and Lucy. He is a member of the I. O. O. F.; politically he is a Republican, L. D. PRINCE, mechanic, Rome, was born in Orwell township, this county, December 1, 1830, and is a son of M, B. and Harriet (Russell) Prince, the former a native of Massachusetts, and the latter of Orwell township, a daughter of Dan Russell, one of the early pioneers of that township. Their family consisted of ten children, three of whom died in infancy, and one was killed by a rolling log; but four of the family survive, viz.: Polly, wife of Merritt Cole; Marthy, wife of Kirby Smith ; David, a wagon-maker, and L. D, The boyhood of our subject was spent on a farm; he attended the common schools until eighteen, acquiring a fair knowledge of the common branches. He began as a farmer on the old homestead at twenty-two ; then learned the trade of mason, and has w^orked at the same in connection with farming until the present time. He w^as united in wedlock, October 21, 1855, wnth Elizabeth, daughter of Martin and Polly (McGill) Moore ; she w^as born in Towanda township, December S] 1828, the eldest in a family of ten children. Mr. and Mrs. Prince have had four 1104 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. children, as follows: Polly, born September 13, 1856, married to L. D. Strope; J. M. Prince, born in Rome township, August 12, 1858, educated at Rome Academy, Collegiate Institute, of Towanda, and was graduated Doctor of Medicine and Bachelor of Science at National Normal University of Lebanon, Ohio, 1890, and is now a student at a Polyclinic school at Cincinnati. He taught several years in the common and graded schools of this county, and though using the pro- fession as a stepping stone to something better, and to wider fields for his future career, has made a marked success of teaching ; Levi L., musician, born April 7, 1870, educated in the common schools, Rome Academy, Monroeton High School, and the National University of Lebanon, Ohio ; Lizzie, born September 4, 1867, educated at Rome Academy, and has adopted teaching as her profession. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. L. D. Prince tilfs the position of trustee, treasurer and superintendent of the Sabbath- school ; he is a Republican, and has filled the office of assessor many years; is now serving his second term as burgess of Rome borough. Mr. Prince has passed his life so far in Rome township, and has always commanded the esteem and respect of all his neigiibors. MILES PRINCE, farmer, of Warren township, P. O. Cadis, a native of Windham township, was born January 1, 1822, a son of Joseph and Lucinda (Bates) Prince, natives of New Hampshire and Connecti- cut, respectively, who were married in this State, and were farmers. The father was a son of Abell Prince, who was a son of Lieut. Joseph Prince, of King George's army, and fought the Indians of New Hampshire, in early da^^s. Abell Prince died in 1832; he had reared a family of ten children, of whom Joseph, who was the fifth, came to Bradford county in 1810, with his brother Abell, and improved the farm where his son Miles now resides. He was an early pioneer, strong and vigorous, and planted a seedling orchard, one of the first in the township; he died April 16, 1844, while his widow survived until November 12, 1852. They had four children, as follows : Miles, Myron, Joel (died March 24, 1859, aged twenty-five), Lucinda A. (Mrs. ICdwin Williams), died September 22, 1871, leaving two children, Alice and James. Miles, the eldest, was reared and educated at his home in Wind- ham and Warren townships, and when a young man taught several terms of school in the winter, and farmed in the summer; he has been one of our most successful farmers, and owns 150 acres, with ample build- ings, and in an excellent state of cultivation. He lias his farm well stocked, and his accumulated capital is loaned out. February 20, 1847, in Warren township, he married Charlotte, daughter of Manson and Elmira (Mackey) Elsbree, natives of Albany county, N. Y., who came to this county in 1830, and had three children, of whom Mrs. Prince was second. " Mr. and Mrs. Prince have four children as follows : Joseph M., a resident of West AVarren ; Emmogene (Mrs. Warren Els worth), of Albany, N. Y., who has one child, AVebster H.; Laura E. (Mrs. Emerson Taylor), of Nichols, N. Y., and James W., married to Grace E. l>erk, of South Creek township, and has a son, Miles G. Mr. l*rince is a member of G. T. and the L O. O. F. and is a Free- mason of Westbrook Lodge, No. 333, a master of the third degree; HISTORY OF BHADFOKL) COUNTY, 1105 has filled the office of justice of the peace three terms, school director, etc., and is a Republican. JAMES T. PRITCHAED, foreman in the Lehigh Valley Railroad boiler shops, Sayre, is a native of Schenectady, N. Y., born September 22, 1857, and is a son of Richard and Annie (Tyler) Pritchard, the former a native of Middlesex, England, and the latter of Aberdeen, Scotland. The father is a boiler-maker and resides in Scranton. James T. is the second in a family of nine children, of whom four are liviner. At the ag-e of ten he went to work in the boiler shop, in Jersey City, and then moved to Scranton, and served an apprenticeship with the Dickson Manufacturing Company, where he remained about seven- teen years; thence went to Rome, N. Y., where he worked at his trade until the fall of 1886, when he came to Sayre, and in April, 1890, he was promoted to the position of foreman of the boiler shops. Mr. Pritchard was married in Scranton, in 1875, to Miss Mary, daughter of Harry and Mary Rodgers, natives of Pennsylvania; she is the third in the order of birth in a family of nine children, and was born in Scran- ton, in 1856. To Mr. and Mrs. Pritchard were born eight children, of whom seven are living, as follows: James D., Ellen J., Jessie L., Mildred E., Alfred L., Ernest E. and Eugene E., the two latter being twins. The family worship at the Episcopal Church ; in politics Mr. Pritchard is a Republican. J. SCOTT PULTZ, conductor on the L. V. R. R., Sayre, is a native of Burlington, this county, a son of Henry and Adeline (Wheeler) Pultz, the former a native of Owego, and the latter of Schoharie county, N. Y. Henry Pultz is a farmer, residing in Bur- lington, this county, and is now in his seventy-fifth year. The mother is in her seventy-sixth year. The subject of this biographical memoir is the youngest in a family of four children, of whom two are now living, himself and a sister, Dorleaki, wife of Philander Long, residing in Wellsboro, Pa. J. Scott Pultz was reared in Burlington, and received his education in the public schools; then worked at the carpenters trade, building wooden bridges, until 1877, when he went to work on the Northern Central Railroad, but only remained there a short time, when he went to work on the L. V. R. R. as brakeman ; was promoted to conductor on that line June, 1880, and has held that position since. He is a member of the Order of Red Men, the Order of Railway Conductors, Southern Tier Division, No. 10 ; Iron Hall and Conductors' Aid Association. Politically, he is a Republican. LUMAN PUTNAM, retired, Granville Centre, was born in Great Barrington, Mass., September 22, 1801, and is a son of John and Lendy (Andrus) Putnam, who settled in Granville township, this county, in 1817, locating on the farm now occu])ied bj' subject, where they started a clearing, and died. The father was a soldier of the Revolutionary War, serving nearly four years; he was twice married, his first wife being Fiche VanDeusen, by whom he had two children : Katie, and Lucretia (Mrs. Joseph Bush); by his second wife. Lend}^ (Andrus), he had children, as follows: Luman, Henry,, Fiche (Mrs. Stephen Landon), Isaac, Lydia (Mrs. Ileman Bruce), Sally (Mrs. Luther F. Clark), Jane (Mrs. VanRensalear Champney). Mr. Putnam died in 18-1-1: at the 1106 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. age of seventy-six years. The subject of this memoir was reared in his native town, until nea>'ly sixteen years of age, when he removed with his parents to Granville, and, with the exception of three and one-half years he lived in Wayne county, N. Y.; has since resided there, occupying the old homestead, most of which he cleared and improved, lie married twice: his first wife was Jerusha, daughter of Scoville and Jerusha (Hale) Bailey, of Granville township, and by her he had children, as follows: Lurenda (Mrs. Benjamin S. Smiley), Amanda (Mrs. Dr. Charles Drake), Lucretia, Selenda (Mrs. Valentine Saxton), Eliza (Mrs. A. S. Rockwell), Luman, Jr., and Harvey. Mr. Putnam is a member of the Church of Christ ; he was justice of the peace of Granville eighteen years, eight years by appointment of the Governor, and ten years by election of the people ; was county auditor and commissioner, each one term, and also revenue commissioner of the district of Bradford, Susquehanna and Sullivan counties ; was delegate to the State Convention, at Ilarrisburg, in 1854, that nominated Will- iam Bigler for governor. Since 1856 he has been a Republican. PIiIlANDER PUTNAM, farmer, Granville Centre, was born in Granville township, January 5, 1831, and is a son of Harry and Mary Saxton) Putnam; his paternal grandfather, John Putnam, formerly of Massachusetts, settled in Granville township in 1817, clearecl and improved a farm and died there; his maternal grandfather, P>enjamin Saxton, settled in Granville in 1807. Harry Putnam, father of the subject of this sketch, cleared and improved a farm in Granville, on which he lived and died; his children were: Erastus, Philander, John, Jane, Benjamin and Lura (Mrs. Aaron Waldron). Philander Putnam was reared in Granville, began life as a farmer, which he has always followed, clearing and improving most of the farm where he now resides. In October, 1852, he married Mary, daughter of Ambrose Spencer, of Granville township, and has six children, as follows: Edward, Leslie P., Merton A., Scott W., Rosalia (Mrs. Irvin Caster- line) and Mihan H. Mr. Putnam was in the Civil War, enlisting in October. 1862, in Com))any 1), Third Pennsylvania Artillery, and was honorablv discharged, after six montlis' service, on account of disability. He is an attendant and supjK.rter of the Christian Cliurch ; is a mem- ber of the G. A. R., and in politics is a Republican. EDWARD W. PUTNAM, superintendent of the County Poor House, and farmer, P. O. Burlington, was born in Granville, this countv. Fobruarv 10, 1854, a son of Philander and Mary (Spencer) Putnam, natives' of this countv, and probably direct descendants of Gen. Israel Putnam, of Revolutionary fame. i*liilnnder Putnam, who is a farmer in Granville township, was in the AVar of the Rebellion, three vears, and participated in many of the hard-fought battles. Edward W. I'utnam was reared on the farm, and educated in the schools of his native town, followed farming until the time of his ap- j)()intment as the superintendent of the County Farm, in January, 1S87, which farm comprises 267 acres of fine land, the buildings being l.robablv the finest of :iny similar ones in the State. Mv. Putnam was man'iod", September 21», 1885, to Amanda Herda. of Purliiiglon, born February 14, 1861, a daughter of Frederick and Soi)hia (Herbst) HISTOriY OK BRADFORD COUNTY. 1107 Ilerda, the former a native of Germany, and the latter of Detroit, Mich. Mr. and Mrs. Putnam have had one son, named Walter, born January 8, 1887. Mr. Putnam is a Republican in politics, takes an active interest in the affairs of the party, and has become deservedly popular in the responsible position he now occupies. MKS. ELIZABETH QUICK, Wilmot township, was born May 5, 1842, and is a daughter of George and Margaret (Frutchey) Kintner, natives of Pennsylvania and of German lineage. She was married July 4, 1865, to Thomas, son of Paul and Mary (Miller) Quick, of Wilmot, and who died April 19, 1881. They had five children : Eva, born October 1, 1866. died October 31, 1889; Bertha A., born Septem- ber 29, 1808; Cora E., born May 13, 1871 ; Pauline, born March 18, 1873, and Thomas M., born May "28, 1880. Mr. Quick enlisted August 7, 1862, in Company A, One Hundred and Forty first P. V. I., and served his country's cause until May 16, 1865, when he was mustered out with his regiment. Mrs. Quick is a member of the Presbyterian Church. W. CLINTON QUICK, farmer, Wilmot township, was born in Wilmot, this county, Januar}^ 2, 1841, and is a son of George and Jane (Howey) Quick, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter of New Jersey, both being of Holland origin. He began life for himself at the age of sixteen, working at farm labor, and enlisted at Laceyville, October 2, 1861, in Company B, Eighty -fourth P. V. L. and was in the following engagements: Bath, Hancock, Winchester, Front Royal, Port Republic, Rappahannock Station, Slaughter Mountain, Thorough- fare Gap, Bull Run, Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, where he received a gunshot-wound in the right forearm, and was also struck in the side b}'^ a spent minie-ball, seriously injuring his lungs; he was taken prisoner, but was paroled in fourteen days, when he was taken to the Little Potomac Creek field hospital, and later to West Philadelphia Hospital and was discharged, for physical disabilities caused by wounds and exposure, on July 30, 1863. Pie then returned to Wilmot townshi]), and in 1884 purchased his present home. Mr. Quick was married, Nov. 4, 1867, to Miss Eliza, daughter of Daniel Crandell, of Wilmot, and they have four children: Minnie E., born August 30, 1868; Alice L., born November 8, 1871; Stanley A., born March 17, 1875 ; Florence N., born March 15, 1878. Mr. Quick's loyalty to the Union cause on the field of battle is paralleled only by his fidelity to the Democratic party. PROF. EDWIN E. QUINLAN, A. M., principal of the Susque- hanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda. The biographer notes, always with peculiar pleasure, the rise and progress in life of the few men who are classed as " self-made." There is something fascinating in the idea of the vouth, rough and rugged, starting out in the world, conscious only of his high resolution to succeed, and to travel along those higher walks of life, that are so inviting to all noble ambitions. Prof. Quin- lan is a native of Fallsburg, N. Y., where he was born, January' 5, 1848, a son of Bennett and Abbie S. (Knox) Quinlan, respectable farmers in their native State, and descendants, in the remote years, of the Scotch- Irish antl German. The i)arents were well-to-do people, with well cul- IIOS HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. tivated fields, fair education and Christian character. The old gentle- man has now retired from the active cares of life, and is at the old New York home. In such surroundings, young Edwin grew to a lad of six- teen, and from a fair farm hand in summer, and a pupil in the common- schools or academy in winter, he became a school teacher. He taught his first five months for a total salary of $100, and "boarded around." The next year we find him in charge of the schools at Monticello, N. Y., the seat of justice of Sullivan county, and his salary is now the compar- ativelv princely sum of f^fty dollars a month. At eighteen he became one of the instructors at the Monticello Academy, at that time a large and flourishing institution, where he taught two years, in a school of eight teachers. It was chiefly in this school, by his untiring application to pnvate studv, that he prepared himself for college. At the end of his two years' teaching he was enabled to enter Cornell University, and was a speaker at the first public exercises ever held by the students of that institution. While teaching he had earned and saved consider- prmcipt the Institute. These young men entered upon the work with a zeal that soon lifted it into' permanent prominence. After three years Mr. Ryan retired to take charge of the Towanda public schools, when Prof. Quinlan became sole in charge. The standard of scholarship, under his administration, has been raised, and the institution placed on a sure foot- ing, and is one of the flourishing and prominent schools of the State. There were fourteen graduates in 1889. and in the year of 1890, sixteen. In his chosen field of labor in Towanda, Prof. Quinlan has now been engaged twenty-one years, and nearly 3,000 pupils have passed through his hands as their instructor. In the colleges and universities where students have gone from his Institute the certificates of his school are received in lieu of an examination. The Professor is a member of the Presbvterian Church, teacher of the Bible-class of the Sunday-school, and is\in earnest and effective Christian worker in other fieldsof ('hris- tian activity. In 1870 he received an honorary degree from Lafavette College; he'is esteemed as a highly cultured gentleman, of fine physique, and equi})ped for higher work in tiie paths of literature and science; broad and liberal as a Christian teacher, who combines, with intense love of his profession, the equipments of a practical and efficient finan- cier. Politically, he esteems it a privilege and duty to vote fOrthe best man, regardless of the name of tlie i)arty to which he may belong. Prof. Edwin E. Quinlan and ;Miss Jcnnette A. Snook were joined in marriage in Prooklvn. N. Y., August 22, 1870, and there have been born three cTiildren: :\rary F., (Charles E. and Alice E. The family worship at the Presbyterian'Church, of which he is an elder. Prof. Quinlan has large interests in the lumber business, and this is more profitable, from a financial point of view, than is his compensation as teacher, yet he follows the latter almost wholly from a feeling of devotion to the cause. He lias published a small work on language teaching, entitled,'' Tin; Student's Hand-Book on the English Sentence," several thousand of HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1109 which have already been used in Pennsylvania schools, without being pushed by any agent or publishing house. JOHN M. KAIIM, roadmaster. Northern Division, Lehigh Valley Railroad, Towanda, was born in Wooster, Ohio, September 25, 1830, a son of David and Hannah (Davis) Rahm, natives of Middletown and Catawissa, Pa., respectively. The paternal grandfather, Melchoir Rhani, was a native of Germany, and a pioneer of Wayne county, Ohio, where he died. The maternal grandfather was John Davis, of German descent, who resided at Catawissa, Pa. The parents of our subject settled in Standing Stone, this county, in 1855, and in 1867 removed to Towanda, where they resided until their death. David Rahm was superintendent of the North Branch Canal from 1855 until it was abandoned, in 1872, and was afterward in the emphjy of the Pennsylvania & New York Canal Railroad Company until his death in 1882. His children were five in number: John M., Joseph R., Sarah E., Isaac M. and Susie E. John M. Rham was reared in Penn- sylvania, where he received a common-school education, and when sixteen years of age he entered the employ of the State, as foreman of a canal division, and served live years. The property being jiurchased by the North Branch Canal Company, he continued Avith them in the same capacity, three years, when he was appointed supervisor of a division of thirty miles, which he held until January, 1866, when the property came into the control of the Pennsylvania & New York Canal & Railroad Company, and he continued with them in same position until December. 1867, when he was appointed roadmaster of the divi- sion between Towanda and Waverly, of Avhich he had charge two years. Then in the same capacity he took charge of the road between Waverly and Pittston, which position he still fills, and since 1869 in the interest of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, and now has chaige of 356 miles of track. Mr. Rahm was married, January 2, 1866, to Amelia, daughter of Alexander and Eleanor (Stevens) Ennis, grand- daughter, on the paternal side, of Levi Ennis, and, on the maternal side, of Asa Stevens, son of Jonathan, a son of Asa Stevens, who settled in the Wyoming Valley in 1772. He was a lieutenant in Wilkes-Barre county and was active in the battle at Wyoming, where he was among the slain. Both grandfathers, as well as the great-grandfather of Mrs. Rahm (Jonathan Stevens), were pioneers of Standing Stone, this county. Mr. and Mrs. Rahm liave one daughter, Millie L. (Mrs. Edward L. Smith), who has one son, David R. Mrs. Rahm and daughter are members of the Universalist Church. Mr. Rahm is a member of the F. & A. M.,and is sei'ving his second term as member of Towanda council ; politicallv he is a Democrat. OLIVER B. RAKE, stone-cutter, Wilmot township, P. O. Lacey- ville, Wyoming count}', was born in Wyalusing, July 15, 1859, and is a son of William and Lydia (Brown) Rake, natives of Pennsylvania, the former of German and the latter of Irish descent. Our subject began life for himself at fourteen, as an apjirentice to the stone-cutter's trade in Black Walnut, Pa., and in two years was recommended as a jour- nexnuan. He then went to Myersburg, and worked one year, during which time he did all the fine stone-cutting for the building of the 65 1110 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. " Ward House" and tlie '' Seeley House," at Towanda. In 1878 he was a partner in operating the Conklin quarry at Myersburg, and then sold out and went to Windsor, N. Y., where he was engaged in bridge building, and remained nearly a year, when he was foreman at Lanesboroiigh, Pa., where he remamed until 1881. He tlien went to Meshop})en, but after a short time removed to Towanda, Pa., where he had charge of the Fox quarry, for the Wyoming Valley Blue Stone Company, three years. lie then removed to Tioga county, Pa., and was there as fore- man until he located in Laceyville, and was then foreman in the Kockey Poorest quarry, in AVilmot, where he is now. Mr. Rake was married, March 26, 1881, to Miss Anna E., daughter of Charles Turner, of Stroudsburg, Monroe Co., Pa., and thev have two children: Nina D., born March 29, 1882, and Maggie E.,^ born August 5, 1883. Mr. Rake is a very skillful mechanic, and is regarded as master of his art; his political sympathies are with the Ilepublican party. L. D. RANDALL, of the firm of Randall & Son, millers. Canton township, P. O. Canton, is a native of Armenia township, this county, born June 20, 1849, and is a son of Daniel and Charlotte (Mcintosh) Randall, natives of Delaware and Schoharie counties, N. Y., respect- ively. Daniel Randall is a farmer, and resided on the farm near which the mill property is located, about one mile east of Canton. He served one term as township commissioner; Mrs. Randall died in 1881, in her fifty-fourth year. The subject of these lines is the eldest in a family of three children. They removed from Armenia townsliip to Tiog;i county. Pa., when he was ten years of age, where he renuxmed about six years, working on the farm, and then removed to Troy, where he learned the miller's trade, which he followed six years, and then came to Canton, and has since been connected with the gristmill. Mr. Randall was married in Union township, Tioga Co., Pa., in 1875, to Miss Electa, daughter of Samuel and Maria (Spencer) Morgan, natives of Wayne and Tioga counties. Pa. Mr. Morgan is a farmer, and resides in Tioga county. Mrs. Randall is the second in order of birth in a family of nine children, and was born in Tioga county, Pa., in Julv, 1849; politicailv Mr. Randall is a Democrat. MILES E. RANSOM, farmer, Ulster, born in Tioga county, N. Y., a son of Ira Ransom, who was the first male child born in the town. His grandfather, Eorman, was a scout in Washington's army, and was sherilf (jf Tioga county many years. Ilis great-grandfather. Ransom, was a captain in the Revolutionary AVar, and was massacred at Wyom- ing. Mr. Ransom came to this town about fifty years ago, and was married, August 20, 1840, to Adelaide D., daugh'ter of ]\Iathias and Susan (Minier) Lent; there have been born to them six children, five of whom are living, as follows: Alice, born April 30, 1848; William, horn March 9, 1850, married to Marion McCauly ; Jessie IL, liorn E(!bi-uai-y 25, 1856, married to Rol)ert N. Nichol ; George Palm(;r. born June 12, 1865; and Anna 11., born June 6, 1S7<>. Mi's. Ransom traces her ancestry i)ack to the Dutch, who first settled on Manhaltan Island, N. Y.; her parents were pi<^neers of Wysox, who settled there about ninety years ago. Mr. Ransom's UKjther, Sarah Forma n, was of the same family as Miles Standish, the captain of the famous "Mayflower." HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1111 The Forraans were Puritans. Mr. Ransom has been a successful man, and prospered in all of his enterprises ; has been largely engaged in rais- ing tine iiorses, cattle and siieep, and has sold some of the finest horses in the county ; he is a Democrat, and has been county commissioner and auditor. II is daughters, Alice, Anna H. and Mrs. Nichol, are mem- bers of the Roman Catholic Church. W. R. RAYMOND, freight conductor, Athens township, P. O. Sayre, a native of Athens township, this county, was born October 8, 1854. His parents were John R. and E. C. (Crans) Raymond, the former a native of Tioga county, N. Y., and the latter of Athens county. The father was a farmer and lumberman, and died in Athens township in 1856, and the mother, after his death, married Andrew J. Lyon, and they are now residents of Waverly ; she is a descendant of Adam Crans, a pioneer settler of this county, and a sister of the late R. G. Crans, a merchant of Waverly. Our subject, who is the younger of two children, resided in Athens township until he was eight years of aii'e, when the family removed to Fact(>rvville, where thev remained about four years, and then came to Waverly. Here our subject received an academic education, and afterward clerked in a dry-goods and grocery store, and then was in the employ of Westfall iSz Bonnell, flour and feed dealers. He then made a trip West, returned, and was engaged in the trade on his own account a short time. In 1870 he again went West, traveling through Michigan, Illinois, Montana and Can- ada, and returned home in 1872. In 1876 he went on theL. V. R. R. as brakeman, was promoted to conductor in 1880, and has held that ]iosition since. Mr. Raymond was married in Waverly, in 1878, to Miss Henrietta, daughter of Alfred and Lucinda (Rosencrantz) Good- die, natives of Wyoming county (she is an only child and was born in Tunkhannock, in September, 1857). To Mr. and Mrs. Raymond was born one daughter, Loui. Mrs. Raymond is a member of the Episco- pal Church; he is a member of the Order of Railway Conductors, Waverly Division. No. 10. and is a Democrat in })olitics. CHARLES REED, physician and surgeon, Wysox, was born in Wysox, this county. September 3, 1857, and is a son of J. Myer and Stella L. (Goodrich) Reed, the former a native of Amenia, N. Y., and of English and German origin ; the latter a native of Towanda, and a granddaugiiter of John Fox, one of the first settlers in Bradford county. Charles Reed, who is the third of five living children, was rearetl on the farm, educated in the common school at Myersburg, the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, and, after one yearspent in studying medicine with Dr. T. F. Madill, of Wysox, entered Jefferson Medical College, where he was graduated in 1880, taking the third honor in a class of 213. He then entered into partnership with Dr. Madill in the practice of medicine, which Avas continued two years, when he opened an office of his own at Wysox, where he has since practiced. In 1891, he went to Europe to further pursue the study of medicine, and specialize diseases of the heart and lungs, and s])ent two months at Berlin, attending lectures and studying Dr. Koch's treatment foj' con- sumption. Before departing for Eur-ope, he was commissioned, by Gov. Pattison, a medical representative of Pennsylvania at Berlin. 1112 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. After leaving that place, he spent some time in traveling through Itah', Austria, France and England, visiting many interesting places, galleries, hospitals, etc., and returned to America, April 3, 1891. Since his return, Dr. Keed's practice, which was already very large, has increased so that he can scarcely attend to it; he has cases in the neighboring counties, from Elmira to Wilkes-Barre, where he has suc- cessfully used Dr. Koch's world-renowned ''Lymph." The Doctor was married, May 8, 18S3, to Miss Nellie W., daughter of Urbane and Lvdia (AVeber) Dillev, of Wilkes-Barre, and they have two children: Edward U.. born May 1, 1884, and Charles B., born June 4, 1887. Dr. and Mrs. Reed are members of the Presbyterian Church, of which he is elder and trustee. He is a member of the Bradford County Medical Society, and of the American Medical Association. Politically he is a pronounced Democrat. WILLIAM RELYEA, farmer, of Wells township, P. O. Gillett, was born in Middletown, Delaware Co., K Y., September T, 1829, a son of Daniel and Eliza (Murdock) Relyea, the former born in Ulster, the latter in Delaware county, N. Y. Daniel removed to this county in 1835, locating in South Creek township, where he took up a farm of 150 acres, in what was then a wilderness. He, like all old pioneers, had to contend with the hardships incident to pioneer life; he built a log house, wielding his ax in felling the timber that circumscribed his prog- ress, and at times the rod and gun were called into requisition. He cleared up his farm, and made improvements in other respects, besides adding more to what he already had. He died in 1890, at the ad- vanced age of eighty-six. having lived in this county over fifty-tive years. He reared nine children, eight of whom grew to maturity, and live of whom are now living. The subject of this sketch inherited the same enterprising spirit that his father had, and was reared and edu- cated in South Creek at the common school, tie entered into business for himself, at the age of twenty-one, having, before that age, pur- chased his present home, upon which he has lived all his days, except ten years he spent in Columbia township, though, while there, he retained his farm in Wells. He is a practical farmer, and made his money out of the soil on which he lives, bv hard work, perseverance and economy. At the age of about twenty Mr. Relyea nuirried. for his first wife. Miss Jane, dau<:hter of John and Jerusha Ann J\IcMullen, October 4, 1849, at Rutland, Tioga, Co., Pa., and there were born to them four children : Lydia R., Emma, William II. and Martha, all of whom are married and pros])erous. For his second wife he married Miss Margaret, daughter of John and Mary Wilson, March 1, 1866, at Columl)ia, this county; by this nuirriage he had five children, three of whom are living: Wilson, Nellie and Minta, and they are at home and unmarried.' Mr. Relyea is a general farmer, but pays especial attention to dairying. His premises are well watered, as he keej)S a wind-mill continually in motion; his fish pond is spacious, containing the palatable carp in abundance. Mr. Relyea is now serving his sec- ond term as town commissioner, an office he fills to the satisfaction of all ; he is a member of the I. O. O. F, and the Grange. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1113 EZRA E, REYNOLDS, Windham township, fanner and stock- grower, P. O. North Orwell, was born in Delaware county, N. Y., December 18, 183G, and is a son of John and Yioletta (Bates) Rey- nolds, of Connecticut, of English origin, a people who have been tillers of the soil for generations. The family, came to Bradford county in 1846, and settled in Windham township, and madetlws their permanent home, and the father died in 1870; the mother still sur- vives. Their family consisted of eight children, of whom Ezra was the second, and grew to manhood in Windham township, and com- menced life a farmer, and has, with his own hands, made his way to a competency, and his highly improved and valuable farm consists of 186 acres of rich land, lie married, in 1860, Lncinda, daughter of Robert and Elizabeth (Wilsey) Wilson, also natives of New York, and of English origin. To them were born tw^o children, Mary E,, wife of riatt Osborn, of Windham, and Martin, a merchant of New York Citv. The family worship, usually, at the Methodist Church, though Mrs. Reynolds is a member of the Episcopal Church. In 1864 Mr. Reynolds enlisted in Company B, Seventeenth Pennsylvania Cav- alry, and was under Gen. Sheridan ; was in the battle of Winchester as his first fight, and was at Snicker's Gap and Maryland Heights. After arriving at Washington he was taken sick, and was sent to the hospital, and when convalescent beame a nurse in the small-pox ward. He never fully recovered from his camp sickness, and is a pensioner. He is a member of the G. A. R., Stevens Post, No. 69, Rome, and has held the office of treasurer; in politics he votes the Republican ticket. GEORGE F. REYNOLDS, farmer, Wysox township, P. O. Myers- burg, was born in Wysox, this county, October 25, 1827, and is a son of Samuel and Sarah (Bennett) Reynolds, natives of Pennsylvania, the former of whom was a mill-wright. They reared a family of four children, of whom George F. is the eldest and the only survivor. Our subject was reared on the farm, educated in the common school, and assisted liis father on the farm and at his trade until he was twenty- four; then purchased his present home of his father. On August 10, 1862, he enlisted at Towanda,and was mustered out January 6, 1863. on surgeon's certificate of disability; his wife was obhged to go to Washing- ton to bring him home. He has since given his attention chiefly to farm- ing, and has made a success. G. F. Reynolds' grandfather, Wdbur Ben- nett, and his brother, Robert, traded a farm in Wilkes-Barre for a tract of land extending from Myersburgto Gillett's bridge, called Plum Yale Tract, where they settled about 1804. The farm owned by G. F. Reynolds and son, William, is part of that tract of land. Robert afterward sold his claim, but Wilbur remained and cleared a large farm ; he reared a famil^y of three children : Asa, Benjamin and Sarah. G. F. Reynolds was married, November 17, 1853, to Miss Malinda Porter, who was born October 4, 1834. This happy union has been blessed with five children : Ellen J., born September 10, 1856 (married to George Fox, of Durell, and died April 21, 1886); Addie M., born July 2, 1858 (married to Samuel Chamberlain, a farmer of Wysox township) ; Georgia, born August 8, 1860 (married to Frank Frisbie, a blacksmith, of Durell); William S., born March 11, 1866, a farmer, of Wysox 1114 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. township; Mary C, born March 24, 1874. Mrs. Reynolds is a member of tlie Methodist Episcopal Churcii at Myersburg. Mi'. Iveynoids is a lle})ublican in his political preferments. WILLIAM S. REYNOLDS, farmer, of Wysox township, P. O. Myersburg, was born, March 11, 1806, in Wysox, this county, a son of George F. and Malinda (Porter) Reynolds. He was reared on the farm, educated in the common school at Myersbui'g, and at Eastman's Business College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. He is now engaged in farming on a poi'tion of the old homestead. Mr. Reynolds was nuirried. Octo- ber 17, 1888, to Miss Ilattie M., daughter of Charles and Harriet (Strope) Brown, of Rome, and the}'^ have two children : Yivian Beatrice, boi"n September 24, 1889, and Winton Llewellyn, born March 21, 1891. Mr. ReVnolds is a supporter of every worthy public enterprise. In politics lie is a Republican. AVILLIAM RICE, druggist, and physician and surgeon, Rome, was born in what is now Rome borough, this county, April 1(5, 1S40, a son of Hiram and Amanda (Guernsey) Rice, the former of whom was a native of this county, born in Smitlifield townsiiip, in 1809; the latter a native of Chenango county, N, Y. The father was first a printer, at Towanda, and edited the Northern Banner, the second newspaper ever published in Bradford county. This he abandoned, while yet a voung man, and commenced to read medicine in the office of Samuel Huston, M. D.,of Towanda; afterward attended a New York school of medicine, from wliich he graduated. After his graduation, he came directly to Rome, in 1837, and began the practice of medicine, which he followed here up to his death, which occurred in 1870, when he w;is aged sixty-seven years. Lie had a family of four children, viz.: Wil- liam, Lizzie, Amanda and Charles; their mother died in 1888, aged eightv years. The early life of William was spent in Rome, where he attended the public schools, and, afterward, the academy at Towanda, and, having read the necessary time with his father, he entered Jeffer- son College, at Philadelphia, and was graduated in 1802. Returning at once to Rome, he was associated with his father in the practice of medicine for a few years. In 1804, he received the appointment of as- sistant-surgeon in the Union Army, and was acting surgeon of the Ninth Pennsylvania Cavalry, under Gen. AY. T. Sherman, until the close of the war; he was with the Army of the West, when it made its famous march from Atlanta to the sea. During his service, he had charge of the Brigade Hospital, at Lexington, N. C, also the hospital at Durham, same State. At the close of the war, he returned home, and resumed the ])ractice of medicine, which he has continued to the present day. In 1880, he opened a drug store, and he now carries a full line of drugs and medicines. The Doctor was married, May 1, 1802, to Emily V. Whitnev, of Wvsox township, and thev have six children, viz.: Fred- erick W., Nellie M., Rol)ert G., Mary W., Willie and David. Of these, Nellie married U. G. Russell, and Robert married ]\Iai'garuite Kilmer. Dr. Frederick W. Rice, who has adopted his father's profession, as well as studying and graduating in dentistry, was born in Rome, December 20^ 1804, and received his education in the pul)lic schools of Rome borough. During his leisure hours, he clerked in his father's HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1115 drug store, where he studied pharmacy, and he became a registei-ed pharmacist in 1887; then read medicine with his father, and, after a sufficient course of reading, entered Jefferson Medical College, of Phil- adelphia, and was graduated April 4, 1889. He commenced the study of dentistry, and entered the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery, of Philadelphia, was graduated, and received the degree of D. D. S., in 1891. He is also a registered pharmacist, and clerks in his father's store. He was united in marriage, June 11, 1888, with Clara E. Forbes, of Rome. AVilliam Rice is a member of Stevens Post, No. 69, G. A. R.; also a member of the Masonic Fraternity, at Rome, Lodge No. 418, and has taken the degree of A. Y. M. Politically the family were formerly Democratic, but have been stanch Republicans since the organization of that partv. J. W. PJCHARDS, dispatcher, Northern Division, L. Y. R. R., Sayre, is a native of Factory ville, Luzerne Co., Pa., and was born May 14, 1852, a son of Edward 'and Harriet (Allen) Richards, natives of Orange county, N. Y. His father, who was a farmer, died in Scranton, in 1872, in his fifty-ninth year; his mother died in 1869, in her forty- ninth year. At the age of thirteen J. W. started out in life for himself, and at the age of sixteen began an apprenticeship at the boiler-maker's trade, m Scranton, where he worked until 1880, when he came to Sayre, and in 1881 was made foreman in the boiler shops, and held that position until x\pril, 1890, when he was promoted to his present position. He was married, in Scranton, in 1873, to Miss Anna, daughter of Joab and Sarah Haywood, natives of England, and, of their family of seven children, she is the youngest in order of birth, and was born in Water- town, N. Y., in August, 1852. Mr. and Mrs. Richards have one daughter, Alice. Mrs. Richards is a member of the Baptist Church ; Mr. Richards is a member of the F. & A. M., Rural Amity, No. 70, Chapter No. 161, of the Northern Commandery, No. 16, and of the Royal Arcanum and Iron Hall; in politics he is a Republican. ROBERT RICHARDS, farmer and stock-grower, Windham town- ship, P. O. Windham Summit, is a native of Ithaca, N. Y., born June 13, 1814, and is a son of Athinal and Hannah (Smith) Richards, the former born in Wyoming county. Pa., the latter in New Jer■se^^ When a small boy in his father's Wj^oming home, Athinal Richards gave unusual indications of being a natural musician, and in after life was pronounced the best violinist in the State of New York. The young man, with his fiddle, the big end of his patrimony, came to- Bradford county, and located in Durell township in 1813, but after a stay of one year removed to Tompkins, N. Y., where he remained until his death in 1846; by his side was laid his widow in 1850. The parents of this musician were of English stock, the mother being Rachel (Davenport), and they were married in Wyoming county. The father was severely wounded in the battle of Wyoming, in 1763, and died two mouths thereafter; the widow afterward, in the year 1790, removed to Standing Stone, in this county, where she died in 1856. Athinal Richards had nine children, of whom Robert, the sub- ject of this notice, is the fifth. He became, like his ancestors, a farmer, and in 1847 came to Bradford county, where he purcliased a IIIG HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. farm in Rome township, where he remained seven years; then sold and went to Orwell, and was on his farm in that place eleven years. In 18G6 he again sold, and located in Windham, giving to his son, W. N. Richards, his elegant farm of 100 acres. He was twice married, first to Elizabeth Roe, daughter of Samuel J. and Sarah (McCann) Roe, of Ithaca, X. Y., and by her had two children : W. N., now in Owego, N. Y., very wealthy, and Mary E., wife of Daniel Vanloane. Mrs. Richards died July 29, 1847, and he was afterward married in Standing Stone, March 8, 1848, to Rebecca, daughter of John V. and Polly Morris, natives of Peekskill, N. Y., by which marriage there were three children : Lou, who died October 25, 1881. aged thirty -one years; Benjamin F., who is postmaster at Windham Summit, and George A., a civil engineer on the St. Paul, Chicago & Milwaukee Railroad. In the family is an adopted son, Frank M. This wife was twice married, first to Nehemia Yought, by whom there were two chil- dren : Isaac, a farmer in Orwell, and Charles M., who died at the age of ten. Robert Richards enlisted in the army, October 15, 1862, in the Seventeenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, Company D, and was mustered in October 17 at Camp Curtin. From severe exposure on camp duty in the frosty and rainy winter, he was stricken down with sickness, and contracted chronic rheumatism ; was furloughed sixty days, and while still sick was carried off, as a deserter, to Camp Distri- bution, Ya., and from there was sent to his own camp, and placed on a dismounted cannon near Washington, where he was again examined by surgeons and honorably discharged. From that day to this he has been a constant sufferer from disease contracted on duty, and is now wholly disabled. He was the oldest soldier in his regi- ment, and now is the oldest ex-soldier in the county ; Is a member of the G. A. R. Post, at Nichols, N. Y., and in politics he is Republican. He voted the first Abolition ticket ever put in the ballot box at Rome. The complete explanation of the chai'ge of desertion is in the fact that, when his furlough expired, he was unable to report, and was arrested; but full proofs were made, and he was honorably acquitted, and no man to-day stands higher in the ranks of the old soldiers. He is now drawing a pension. He was one of the first settlers in Greenwood, Steuben Co., N. Y. SAMUEL Y. RICHARDS, photographer, Towanda, is a native of the bright little county of Montour, Pa., where he was born August 81, 183G, a son of John and Rebecca (Clark) Richards, of Welsh and Scotch- Irish stock, and natives of Pennsylvania. They were a family of farmers, and of that heroic mold that braved the forests and carved out new farms of the wild wood-land. His parents removed to the outer borders of Lycoming county, wlien he was little more than a young infant, and there, on his farm, his father spent the remainder of his da3's, and reared his Camily of seven children, and died in 1862. Samuel, the youngest of tiie famdy, whose childhood was spent in the deep woods, miles away from the nearest school-house, and, instead of books, he learned, at an early age, to chop and plow and do general farm labor, and there are few seci'ets connected with clearing a farm but that he well remembers from experience just how people go about it; HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1117 and when he was a young man grown he was innocent of knowing the names or faces of the alphabet. Wl\en he was about twenty-live years old, he very wisely found his partner in life; married, and now has not onl}^ the best of wives, but his school teacher; for, commencing with "A B C," she carried him along to a very respectable p]nglish educa- tion. While the good wUe was helping him with his books, he was heli)ing himself, and from chopping wood, he became an expert shingle- maker, and by slow gradations, eventually, a carpenter and builder. From day to day and year to year he labored on, adding both to his material and mental resources, and after fourteen years of carpen- tering he removed, in 185S, to Danville (the county-seat of his native county), where he was married (as above related), and continued the carpentering trade until 1SG7, wdien a fortunate acquaintance with a photographer of that place finally led him to learn the art and mysteries of the trade of photography. His good reputation enabled him to borrow the money to start himself in this business, and his close attention and skill in the art enabled him to repay the loan in a short time, and to finally come to Towanda and build up one of the most extensive and finest studios in northern Pennsylvania; and so rapidly has his fame extended and his work accumulated, that now he owns two branch offices. He came to Towanda in 1883, and here has his head studio, and his excellent work has spread his fame abroad. Mr. Kichards was married m Danville, in 1861, to Matilda, daughter of David Keim, and widow of John Young, and w^ho had a daughter, Ella (Mrs. Charles Colburn, of Wilkes-Barre). They have had three children, born as follows: Hattie (died, aged nineteen), Elizabeth (an artist, the wife of Walter Smith) and Mary Alice (wife of George O. Englebreckt). Mr. and Mrs. Kichards are prominent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a Republican, a member of the I. O. O. F. In connection with his gallery he has a stock of artists' goods. LEWIS RINEBOLD, a leading farmer of Overton township, P. O. Overton, one of the surviving wounded veterans of the Civil War, is a native of Lehigh county. Pa., born April 19, 1831, and is a son of Lewis and Sallie (Slatterteigh) Rinebold, natives of Pennsylvania and of German extraction. The father, who followed the trade of shoe- maker, came to Bradford county in 1834, and made Overton his home until he died in 1850; the mother died in 1863. Lewis Rinebold, who is the tenth in a family of eleven children, grew to manhood in the family home, and when of sufficient age was put to learning the cabinet-maker's trade, which he followed for twenty years; he then pur- chased a sawmill, which he operated the next twenty-two years, when he engaged in farming, his present occupation, on his farm of lifty- seven acres in Overton Valley, which is highly improved, and makes a most comfortable old homestead. On January 31, 1870, Mr. Pinebold was joined in wedlock with Mira, daughter of Alfred and Hannah (Mudge) Leonard, Pennsylvanians of English origin, who came to Bradford county in 1835, and settled in Troy, where they passed the remainder of their days. The Rinebolds are members of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church, of which he is a trustee, steward and class- leader, superintendent of the Sunday-school, and Bible-class teacher, in 1118 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. the latter of which Mrs. Rinebold is also a teacher. He votes the Pro- hibition ticket, and has held the office of school director. He enlisted in the army, September 7, 1862, in the One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I., Company C, and was wounded by a musket ball, in the hip, at the battle of Chancellorsville; he participated in the battles of Fred- ericksburg and Chancellorsville; and was honorably discharged, Sep- tember 7, 1863. REUBEN PJNEBOLD, Overton township, P. O. Overton, a lead- ing and influential farmer of his township, a native of Lehigh county, Pa., born March 20, 1820, is a son of Ludwig and Sallie (Slothy) Rinebold, Pennsylvanians of remote German descent. His father, who was a shoemaker and farmer, came to Overton in 1835, where he died January 7, 1856, and his widow, March 12, 1864. Their children were eleven in number, of whom Reuben is the fourth in order of birth. He remained in the famih^ home, and when he attained his majority commenced life on his own account, and carved out his own fortune ; he is now retired from active labor, having sold his fifty-acre farm to his son Adison. Mr. Rinebold was married, in Overton, January 5, 1843, to Catherine, daughter of Daniel and Magdaline (Wilt) Heverly, of the early pioneer family of Overton, and to this union there were eleven children, of whom Adison L., is the fifth in the order of birth, born in Overton where he grew to manhood and engaged in sawmill and lumbering eleven years, and then purchased his fathers farm, which he still occupies. Adison L. Rinebold and Effie Allen were joined in matrimony, December 25, 1879, and have a famiW of four children, as follows; Grace, George E., Francis R. and Murra3\ Reuben is "Prohibition" in politics, while Adison is Repub- lican. The former is a prominent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and has filled the offices of class-leader, steward and trustee; has also held the offices of school director, road commissioner, treasurer and assessor. JOHN RING, farmer and stockman, P. O. Cadis, was born in County Cork, Ireland, December 16, 1838, to Daniel and Johanna (Mahnes) Ring, natives of the same place, and farmers. The family migrated to America in 1839, and pushed at once their way to the ])resent abode in Warren township, this county, one of the early pio- neers to this part of the county, and a hearty, bold young man he was, who, with ax in hand, measured his strength of bod}^ against the dark old primeval forests that clung upon the hillsides and shadowed so deeply the rich valleys. No man in his time, jierhaps, cleared for cul- tivation more acres of these rich lands than he. He died March 25, 1878, and his good wife and helpmeet departed this life February 24, 1884. To them had been born ten children — five sons and five daugh- ters — of whom John, the subject of this sketch, is the eldest; Mary, a resident of Omaha ; Ellen (Mrs. Thomas Dunlovey), of Warren town- ship, the mother of eleven children ; Catherine (Mrs. Luke Cheghem- essy), of Owego, N. Y., has eight children ; Richard, died July 3. 1888, aged forty-one, at Wilkes-Barre ; Jerry, married Anna Ryan, of Kings- ton, N. Y., they have one child, aged seven, died in 1866 ; Johanna (Mrs. Michael Pingrose) of Windham, her husband died October 6, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1119 1888; Margaret (Mrs. Edward B. IJrosnan, who has five children). John Rino- was reared on his father's farm in Warren township, and in early life learned the carpenter's and joiner's trade, which he fol- lowed eighteen years, and then turned his attention to farming. He has 145 acres well improved and stocked, with ample and good build- ings, with one of the finest farm residences in this part of the county. Mr. Ring was married in Warren township, March 31, 18G1, to Johanna, daughter of Patrick and Mary (Spaid) Shelton, natives of County Clare, Ireland, who came to this country in their early married life ; the father died in 1S7Y, and the mother in 1875. They had children, as follows : James, married to Maggie Murray (they iiave one child, John, and reside in Williamsport) ; Mary, of Elkland, Pa.; Daniel ; Henry, a blacksmith, of Altoona ; John, died in 1871, aged three years. Mr. Ring was married, the second time, in 1871, to Julia daughter of Daniel and Julia Delhouty, of Tipperary, Ireland, and to this marriage were born four children : Joseph, a blacksmith, of Altoona; Julia and Hannah, school teachers, and Kit at school. The family are prominent and exemplary members of the Catholic Church, and in politics he is a Democrat. ORIN G. ROBBINS, farmer, Monroe township, P. O. Liberty Corners, was born on the farm where he now resides, April 10, 18G5, and is a son of Isaac and Emily (Arnot) Robbins. The ancestors of Isaac Robbins had lived in Pennsylvania several generations, and his VI fe is a descendant of Selah and Prudence (Knight) Arnot, who came to Monroe in 1816; the former of German and the latter of Holland origin. They were accompanied by their children : George E., Joshua, Samuel, Mahala, Susan, Hannah, Cidney and Jane, and set- tled on the farm adjoining where Orin G. Robbins now resides. The first school at Liberty Corners was kept in a log-barn on this place, and was soon changed into a hewn-log building, which had been built for a shingle shop. In Isaac's family there were two children : George E., born June 9, 1856, a hair dresser in Oswego, N. Y., and Orin G., who was reared on the farm, educated in the common school, and after following various occupations for brief intervals, engaged in farming on the old homestead, where he has since resided. Mr. Robbins was married, March 24, 1888, to Miss May, daughter of George and Char- lotte (McGill) Edsall, of South Branch, and they have two children : Nema Belle, born January 8, 1889, and Edna May, born Januar}^ 7, 1891. Mr. and Mrs. Robbins are members of the Patrons of Industry, and he is a Republican in politics. J. W. ROBERTSON, farmer, P. O. Orwell, was born in Fairdale, Susquehanna Co., Pa., July 11, 1822, and is a son of John and Hannah (Sherer) Robertson, the former of whom was a native of New Hamp- shire, removed to Susquehanna, in 1816, and passed the greater por- tion of his life there, passing much of his last years with his son, J. W. Robertson, and died in 1877; the mother died in 1875; they were agriculturists, but the father worked at the shoemaker's trade several 3^ears. He reared a family of ten children, viz.: David S., Hannah (married to William J. Arnold, both deceased), Mary (married to David Patterson, both deceased), William, J. W., Samuel (deceased), James 1120 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. M., Khoda (deceased), Helen (married to Dr. Augustus Bissell, of Maha- noy Cit}') and Samuel. J. W. Robertson passed his boyhood in Susque- hanna county, receiving a fair common-school education, and on reaching his majority farmed on his own account, and resided on the old homestead until 1866, when he bought his present farm, on which he has made the improvements. During the past twenty -five years Mr. Rob- ertson has suffered from rlieumatism to such an extent that he has been disabled from farm labor, which he has trusted to his son, Frank C. He was united in wedlock, June 1, 1848, with Laura L., a daughter of Richard and Lydia (Robinson) Jillson, natives of Connecticut ; her father, who was a farmer, came to Bradford in 1825, and reared a fam- ily of nine children, of whom Mrs. Robertson is the second. Mr. and Mrs. Robertson have had three children : Franklin, born September 30, 1849, died September 6, 1851; Amos, born November 30, 1850, married Dellie Gould, and is now operating a butter and milk store in New York City ; Frank C, born May 29, 1854, in Susquehanna county, was reared on a farm and received a common-school education. After reaching his majority he engaged in farming on his own account; he was married, January 3, 1884, to Josie M. Green, who was born in Iowa, a daughter of -John H. and Deborah (Bailey) Green ; the farm they now ow^n contains 145 acres, highly improved and well stocked. Mr. and Mrs. Robertson have had two children: Ethel A., born Feb- ruary 21,1885 ; and Jennie L., born September 11, 1889, and died when about three months old ; the family worship at the Methodist Episco- pal Church, and since becoming members they have been earnest Avorkers. Mrs. Frank Robertson is a member of the Free-Baptist, of which denomination her father was a minister. Mr. J. W. Robertson is an uncompromising Republican ; Frank is a member of the Prohibi- tion party. ALPHONSO L. ROBINSON, farmer and stock-grower, P. O. South Hill, was born in Orwell township, this county, April 18, 1848, a son of Lmus and Clarissa (Norton) Robinson. His father was born in Orwell township, September 15, 1826, on the farm he now occupies. The grandfather was one of the first settlers in Orwell township, in 1810, and was a noted hunter; in his family there were nine children, as follows: Curtis, Daniel, Wesley, Linus, Whitmore (who was killed when a young man), Betsy (married to John Johnson), Sallie (married to Morris Woodruff), Polly (married to Francis Chubbuck) and Louisa (married to Simon Kinney). Linus assisted in clearing the old home- stead, where he had alwayslived; his family were six in number: Emily, a widow (married to Fred Jones), Alphonso, Elmer (married to Sarah Vanness), Edmund (married to Hattie House), Berton (married to Eva Chaffee) and Mertie (married to Ernest Barnes). Alphonso L. Robin- son married November 14. 1870, Rosa A., (hiughter of Nelson and Eliza- beth (Knapp) Barnes; in her father's family there were two sons and two daughters, viz, : Loton, who died, aged four years; Emeline, married to Dr. C. II. Warner; Hiram, who entered the army at sixteen, in the One Hundred and Forty -first Regiment, Company D, and was in all the work of that regiment until the battle of Gettysburg, where he was killed, and Rosa A. (Mrs. Alphonso L. Robinson). Mr. Barnes was a son of Jesse HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1121 Barnes, Avho was one of the very earliest settlers of Orwell township. In 1856 he built the house on the farm now occupied by Alphonso L. Robin- son, in which he resided until his death, which occurred July 18, 1881, when he was aged sixty-three years. Alphonso L. Robinson spent his boyhood on his father's farm, and attended the district schools and Orwell Hill Academy until his twentieth year. He began life for himself as a farmer, and bought his first land, known as the "Billy Warfle" farm, in 1870, and owned it until 1879, when he traded it for the "Boyd" farm, adjoining his present home; same year he removed into his pres- ent residence. Mr. and Mrs. Robinson have had two sons and five dauo-hters, viz.: Clara, born September 21. 1872; Effie, born September 17, 1874, and died April 1, 1879; Arthur, born May 7, 1880; Clarence, born March 20, 1881; Mabel, born September 17, 1884; Ethel, born Sep- tember 3, 1886, died January 9, 1887; and Bessie, born May 24, 1888. Mr. Robinson owns a farm of 185 acres, has a sugar orchard of about 500 trees, and also raises a great many young cattle, sheep and hogs; he is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is a Prohibi- tionist in his political preferments. C. B. ROBINSON, blacksmith, P. O. Wyalusing, was born m Wil- mot township, Bradford Co., Pa., July 23, 1853, and is a son of Chandler and Harriet (Adams) Robinson, natives of Wyoming county, Pa. The father was a farmer, and spent the greater portion of his life in Brad- ford county ; in 1859 he removed to Cleveland, Ohio, where he died in 1862, aged forty -four years; the mother is now living at Forkston, Wyoming county. They were the parents of five children : Berkley, a farmer'' of Mehoopany; Mary A., married to Joseph Calligan, an employe of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, and residing in Wyaliising; Dora, residing in Cleveland, Ohio; Janette, married to Mr. Ilarkell. a°miller, of New York, and our subject, who passed his boyhood, from six to twelve years of age, in Ohio, attending the public schools of Cleveland ; then returned to Mehoopany and attended school there, after which he engaged in farming until 1877, when he began to learn his trade, blacksmithing, at which he worked four and one-half years ; then went to Mehoopany, and from there to Sugar Run, where he owned a shop of his own, and was there two and a half years; from there he returned to Mehoopany and had a shop, and stayed in that town two years, thence went to Loveton and was there one year ; from there he moved to Forkston, where he remained until 1891, when he came to Taylorsville, and opened the old Swage stand, and does a gen- eral blacksmith business. Mr. Robinson married, January 21, 1874, Maxalina, daughter of A. L. Bates, a wagon-maker of Wilmot town- ship(her mother was Catherine E. Douglass, deceased). To them were born five children: Cassie E., Georgie A., Bessie M., Willie L. and Clarence B. Mr. Robinson's political views are Democratic. JOEL H. ROBINSON, farmer, Warren township, P. O. Aurora, is a native of Rome township, this county, born August 25, 1839, a son of Owen and Elvira (Towner) Robinson, natives of Vermont and Penn- sylvania, respectively. Owen Rolnnson was the son of Joel and Celia (Whitaker) Robinson, of Vermont, who came to Bradford county in 1820, settled in Warren township, and were among the pioneers and v/ 1122 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. earlv prominent settlers. After residing here some years Mr. Robin- son 'removed to Candor, N. Y., where he died in 1873; his first wife had died in 1863, and he married, for his second, Mrs. Polly Stewart, Avho died in 1884, There were eight children by the first wife, of whom Owen, the second in order of birth, was born in Vermont, came to this county with his father's family, and went with them to New York, thence removed to this State and county in 1835, locating in Eome township; he was a farmer and mechanic, and died in 1881; his widow survives and resides in Owego; their family of children were five in number, of whom Joel II., the subject of the sketch, is the third. He grew to manhood in Candor (whither he had gone with his family when nine years of age), and commenced life for himself, lumbering, following this twenty years. He was married in Candor, in 1863, to Nancv J., daughter of William and Elizabeth (Terwilager) Eichen- burg,"^natives of Orange county, N. Y.; her father was a tailor, and died July 11, 1849; her mother died March 19, 1888; they had nine children^! of whom Mrs. Robinson is the seventh. To Mr. and Mrs, Joel H, Robinson were born five children, as follows: Willis, mar- ried to Flora Chapman, and has one child, Joel C; George O., of Ilor- nellsville, K Y.; Alonzo, of same place; Frank and Ernest. The fam- ily woi'ship at the Methodist Church ; in politics Mr. Robinson is a Republican. ROl^ERT ROCKEFELLER, Windham Centre, one of the dis- abled retired veterans of the Civil War, and a leading farmer of Wind- ham township, was born in Albany county. N. Y., May 24, 1824, a son of John and Ruth (Jacobs) Rockefeller, ""the former of whom was a blacksmith, who came to Warren township in the year 1841, and, after several years, returned to Xew York and came again to Warren; went from Warren to Rome, where he resided until his death, in 1858; his widow died in 1877. Their children were ten in number, of whom Rob- ert, the second in order of birth, remained in Albany county until his seventeenth year, when he learned the harness-makers trade, which he followed ten vears, and then became a blacksmith, working at his fatiier's forge twelve years. In i841,along with a brother, he came to this county, farming and blacksmithing. In October, 1862, he enlisted in the Seventeenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, Company D, and went direct to tiie front with the' Army of the Potomac, under Gen. J^ieas- anton, and afterward under Gen. Sheridan; was in the battle of the Rappahannock, and on the Rapidan River, and Shenandoah, when he was detailed Ijlacksmith to the army transportation department, thus continuing until the war closed. He was severely sick soon after enter- ing tiie service, and was in the Alexandria hospital three months; had an attack of varioloid, and was sent to Camp Distribution, where he remained four weeks, and was discharged in August, 1865; he now draws a pension; is a member of the G. A. P.. Stevens Post, No. 69, Rome; he is Republican in politics, and has been school director, and he was postmastei- many years at Wiiulham Summit. Mr. Uockefeller was married twice: first to Priscilla P.ullock, who bore him two chil- dren: Nathaniel P>., of Ruinmcrtield, and Martin II., of Camptown; the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1123 second marriage was with Emeline Demorest (daughter of John Kuy- kentlall), who had two cliildren : John R. and Opheha B. ALBERT N. ROCKWELL, farmer and stock-raiser, Ulster town- ship, P. O. Ulster, was born in Ulster, this county, March 30, 1853, and is a son of Chauncy and Wealthy (Gordon) Rockwell. [See sketch of AV. II. Rockwell.] His early life was spent on the farm, attending ' school at Ulster, where he received a good English education ; then he engaged in farming, and resides on the old homestead, which he and his brother cultivate. He was married, April 14, 1880, to Ella, daughter of Alexander and Janette (Rodgers) Murdoch, natives of Ayrshire, Scotland. They have one child, a son, Guy Edward, born May 30, 1888. Mr. Rockwell was formerly a member of the I. O. O. F.; he is a stanch Republican in politics. HON.DELOS ROCKWELL, a prominent member of the Bradford County Bar, was born in Troy, Bradford Co., Pa., August 28, 1837, a son of Luther M. and Johanna M. (Marvin) Rockwell. His paternal grandfather. Samuel Rockwell, was a native of Berkshire county, Mass., and with his family moved to Canton, this county, in 1804. He died at the advanced age of eighty-eight years ; his wife was Llannah Las- selle, by whom he had ten children, viz.: Johanna (Mrs. Eli Parsons), Elias, Samuel, James, J. Calvin and Luther M. (twins), Laban, Rufus M., Myron and Hiram. Of these, Luther M., the father of subject, was a native of Burlington, Vt., who came to Canton with his parents, in 1804, but afterward moved to Troy. In 1816, he married Johanna, a daughter of Jesse Marvin, of Monroe county, N. Y. He was the father of ten children, namelv: Bingham L., Jesse M., Alvord P., Martin L., Elvira (Mrs. D. W. C. Herrick), J. Calvin. Orlando W., Hiram L., Azor S., and Delos, the subject of this sketch, who was reared in Troy, educated at Madison University, Llamilton, 'N. Y.,and studied law with D. W. C. Bates, of Cherry 'Valley, N. Y., and fin- ished his studies with the late Hon. Paul D. Morrow, of Towanda, and was admitted to the bar in February, 1862. He opened an office in Troy, the same year, and has since been in the active practice of his profession. He married, in June, 1864. Eliza B., daughter of Francis and Laura (Spalding) Smith, of Troy. Mr. Rockwell was in the Civil War, having enlisted, in June, 1863, in Company B. Twenty -sixth P. V. I., but, after six weeks' service, was honorably discharged. In 1874, he was elected State Senator from the Twenty-third District of Pennsylvania, and was a delegate to the National Democratic Conven- tion, at St. Louis, in 1888, which nominated Grover Cleveland for a second term. Mr. Rockwell has been one of the foremost men in all school matters; he was for twenty-five years a prominent school officer of the borough and vicinit}^ Something of the estimate of this gentleman by his neighbors and many friends is found in the fact that, while he has always been a fearless and outspoken Democrat, yet he was elected to the State Senate, in the face of an adverse majority of 3,500 votes. He is esteemed for his many excellent qualities of head and heart, as well as for an integrity that has never even been a subject of discussion. He is a wortliy repr'esentative of the famih' of one of the early pioneers to this part of Bradford county. It is now nearly a 1124 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. century since his paternal orand father came to western Bradford, and made his permanent home, and here is where the name of Kockwell is best known and best appreciated. His brothers are all living in west- ern Bradford, except J. M. Rockwell, who died in 1S89. Azor S. lives on the old homestead, in Troy townshij), where his father moved at the time of his marriage, and "where he lived until his death, in 1856, and on which farm his brothers and sisters were born. EDAVAKD ROCKWELL, farmer and stock-grower, Ulster, was born April 19, 1849, at Cincinnatus, Cortland Co., K Y., and is a son of Chauncy and Wealthy (Gordon) Rockwell. [See sketch of W. H. Rockwell.] He was born and reared on a farm, and his education — a good one for his day — was received in the schools of Ulster; he resides on the old homestead farm with his mother. His father's house was one of the first buildings erected in Ulster, and was pulled down, in 1868, to make room for the house in whicii he now resides ; the old homestead farm consists of 165 acres, and is one of the iinest in the valley, comprising both river and hill land, and under a magnificent state\)f cultivation. He and his brother, Albert, manage it in partner- ship, using improved farm implements, and are careful in the manner of changing their crops, making the soil richer every year. Tliey raise from six to eight acres of tobacco yearly, besides the other crops. His father's family consisted of nine children, seven of \vhom are living, six in this county ; George is in Buffalo, N. Y. Edward Rockwell, who is the seventh child, resides with his mother, who was born at Standing Stone in 1814; he is unmarried, is a Republican in ]H)litics and is a good neighbor and citizen. ELMER A. ROCKWELL, physician and farmer, Stevensville, was born near his present home, October 2, 1845, a son of Natiian and Delia (White) Rockwell, the former of whom was born, of New Eng- land origin, on the farm where Elmer A. now lives, the latter being a native of Windham, N. Y., born of New England and German lineage: the grandfather was a Shaker. In Nathan Rockwell's family there were five children, of whom Elmer A., the second in order of birch, was reared on a farm and educated in the common school. On July 23, 1863, he enlisted at Baltimore, Md., in Company C, Third Mary- land Cavalry, and served until the close of the war, being mustered out August 14, 1865, at Baltimore. He then began the study of medi- cine, with Dr. C. H. Warner, continuing three years, at the same time takin4.000; the mill has both steam and water power. He also owns a fine farm of about 300 acres on which HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1127 dairying is carried on quite extensively ; he also raises some fine-bred trotting horses, and cattle. Politically he is a Democrat, but o-ives his attention entirely to his business affairs; he is a member of the Freemasons, and he and his wife are active members of the Methodist Episcopal Cliurch, and he is superintendent of the Sunday-school; he is one of the thorough-going and substantial business men of the county. OSCAR II. ROCKWELL, M. I)., Monroeton, is a native of Sulli- van township, Tioga Co., Pa., born November 23, 1841, and is a son of Myron and Mary A. (Lillybridge) Rockwell. His grandparents, Sam- uel and Hannah (LaSelle) Rockwell, came, in 1802, from Vermont to this county, where they settled. Myron Rockwell, father of the sub- ject of this memoir, was a native of Canton, this county, having been born there September 20, 1804. He was reared and educated in iiis native town, and about the year 1810 he located in SulHvan town- ship, Tioga county. In 1839 he had been licensed to preach the Gospel in the East Sullivan Baptist Church, of which he had been a member since fifteen years of age; served as pastor for the Baptist Churches in Tioga and Lycoming counties. Throughout his active life he was pre- eminent in pietv and Christian zeal, and he practiced what he ])reached. He passed froni earth at Roseville, Tioga county, at the patriarchal age of eighty years nine months and two days. His wife was a daughter of Warren Lillybridge, of Providence, R.' I., and by her he became the father of eight children, viz.: Nancy J. (Mrs. Joel Webster), Myron A., Warren A. (deceased), Horace W., Marv E. (Mrs. Ira Bement), Emma P. (Mrs. Frank L. Miller), Oscar H. and Ella E. (Mrs. Marchael Lefler). Oscar H. Rockwell, whose name opens this sketch, was reared in Tioga county, educated in the common schools, Mansfield Seminary and Troy Academy. In 1868 he came to Monroeton, this county, and in 1870 began the study of medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. D. N. Newton. In the fall of 1871 he entered the medical depart- ment of the University of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia, and grad- uated therefrom in the"^ spring of 1873, since which time he lias been in the active practice of his chosen ]irofession at Monroeton. The Doctor was married, December 19, 1870, to Catharine M., daugliter of John and Celestia R. (Hinman) Hanson, of Monroeton, and to them has been born one daughter, Mary C. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics the Doctor is a Republican. He is a member of Bradford County Medical Society, of which he was president one year. He is a member of the F. & A. M., is past master and secretary of the Lodge at Monroeton; is also a member of the I. O. O. F., and is past orand in the same. SAMUEL A. ROCKWELL (8), farmer, P. O. Granville Centre, Pa., was l)orn in Trov borough, this county, August 22, 1825, and is a son of John C. and Harriet (Andrus) Rockwell (7). His paternal grand- parents were Samuel and Hannah (Laselle) Rockwell (0), formerly of Lamsboro, Mass., w^ho located in Canton township, this county, in 1804, but later removed to Troy, and afterward returned to Canton, and resided there until their death. Samuel was a son of John (5), son of John (4), son of Jonathan (3), son of John (2), a son of John Rock- ]^128 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. well (1), and the first ancestor in America, who sailed from Dorchester, England, in 1641, settling in Stamford, Conn. John C. Rockwell, father of subject, born in Cornwall, Vt., came to Canton with his parents in 1804. He was a shoemaker b}^ trade, and his life was spent in Canton, Troy, LeRoy and Granville townships; he cleared and improved the farm occupied bv subject, and died there. His children were Sylvia (Mrs. Orator Holcomb), Emily (Mrs. John P. Bush), SamuefA., James B., Eliza B., (Mrs. Hiram Stone). Samuel A. Pvock- well was reared in Troy and LeRoy townships and, in 1846, came to Granville with his father, where he has since resided : he lives now on the old homestead, where his father and mother both died. He married, October 11, 1849, Hannah, thiughter of Eli and Harriet (Bailey) Holcomb, of LeRov township, and has five children, as follows : Lavinia (Mrs. T. H. Bailey), Ella E. (Mrs. Franklin Saxton), E. Adelle (Mrs. Isaac Biish); J. C. (his onlv son, married to Josie Morse, of LeRoy) and rhtt'be (Mrs. Frank AVilcox). Mr. Rockwell is among the repre- sentative farmers of Granville township, and aside from farming, sum- mers, he taught school, eighteen winters, when between the age of eighteen and forty. He is a member of the Church of Christ at Gran- ville Centre. In politics he is a Republican, and served one term as mercantile appraiser for Bradford county. WILLIAM A. ROCKWELL, farmer, Tuscarora township, P. O. Springfield, was born in Pike, May 22, 1826, and is the eldest of four children of William and Sallv (Andrus) Rockwell, the former a native of CV)nnecticnt. the latter of A'erinont, both being of New England parentage. Our subject was reared on a farm, educated in the com- mon school, and at the age of twenty-one began life for himself, working at the carpenter's and joiner's trade, with Wright cfe Green- ough, in Granville township. On April 15, 1853, he moved to Tusca- rora, where he worked at his trade, until he purchased his present home of 100 acres, and has since been chiefly engaged in farm- ing, occasionally working at his trade. Mr. Rockwell was married, Februarv 11, 1851, to Miss Mary E., daughter of Thomas and Hannah (Montgomery) Tavlor, of Rocksbury, Delaware Co., N. Y.; they have seven children, viz.: Ella C, born February 26, 1853, married to Aden Lvon, farmer, Tuscarora; Eliza I., born April 11, 1856, died June 16, 1875; Herbert V., born October 12,1860; Angie IL, born June 11, 1863, and died March 11,1864; Fred A., born September 12,1865; ]}ertha M.. born November 11, 1867, married to (iilbert Sumner. Tus- carora, and Blennie ().. born July 26, 1872. Mr. Ilockwell is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Spring Hill, and in politics he has always been honorably identified with the Republican party. W. II. ROCKAVELLI farmer and stock-raiser, Ulster, son of Chauncy and AVeaithv (Gordon) Rockwell, was born in Cortland county ,^N. Y.. Marcli 4, 1S40. His father was a native of New York, and his mother was l)orn and reared at Standing Stone, this county. His grandfather was one of the eai-ly pioiuHTs of Cortland county, moving to that county from Massachusetts in the year 1778: iill that is known of the early history of tiie Rockwells is tha,t two brothers by the name of Rockwell came to Massachusetts from England m the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. * 1120 earlv Colonical times, and to these two brothers the present generation of ilockwells trace their descent, llis father's family consisted of eight children, viz.: Charles (deceased), Henry, George, Emmet, Edward, iVlbert, Emma and Ella, of whom seven are living, six of them being residents of this county; his father removed from Cortland coun°ty, N. Y., to Ulster in the*^ year 1850, and lived there until his death", in the spring of 1862; his mother survives, is in her seventy- sixth year, and makes her home with her son Edward. Me received his early education at the public schools of Ulster, as a farmer's boy of his day, which was, of course, limited, lie is one of the largest tobacco growers of the county, having supplied his farm with all the improved apparatus and machinery for raising that crop. On Decem- ber 12, 1872, he has united in marriage with Lavilla W., daughter of Lorenzaand Matilda Watkins ; they have no children. In religious views the family are independent, and have never been associated with any religious "^organization ; in politics Mr. Rockwell is a Republican ; he has°held numerous township offices; owns a fine farm, well improved, consisting mostly of river land, well watered by springs; besides culti- vating a large tobacco crop, he devotes considerable attention to sheep- raising, and keeps a small dairy; he has always been successful in his business, and owes his present"^prosperous condition largely to his own exertions. WILLIS N. ROCKWELL, farmer, P. O. West Burlington, was born April 13, 1853, in West Burlington, this county, a son of Alvord P. and Achsa (Harrison) Rockwell, the former of whom was born in Troy township, this county, of English extraction, is a farmer in Burlington township, is now aged seventy years, and is a brother of the Hon. Delos Rockwell, of Troy. The mother of Willis N., whose family were from New England, and of English origin, died at the age of thirty years. There were only two sons, Willis N., and another who is a farmer in West Burlington township. The grandfather, Luther Rock- well, was one of the pioneers of the township. The subject of these lines was reared on the farm, and educated in the schools of the town and at Troy. He engaged in farming, which occupation he has fol- lowed, and is now the owner of a fine farm of 130 acres, one of the finest locations in the township, and his principal interests are dairying and sheep-raising. He was married, February 27, 1878, to Emma ,1. Phillips, of Burlington township, who was born February 27, 1852, in Charleston, S. C, a daughter of John M. and Sarah (Petsch) Phillips. Mr, Phillips was a planter in Charleston, S. C, after the Civil War, during which period he was in the employ of the United States Govern- ment, in Buffalo, in the transportation of arms from the JSTorth. At one time he was owner of a fine farm in West Burlington township, this county; he was born in New York State, of English i:)arents, and died at the age of sixty-four years. Mrs. Phillips was a native of South Carolina, and her mother was also a native of South Carolina, of English origin. Mr. and Mrs. Rockwell have two children : Achsa, born Feb- ruary 28, 1883, and Jennie, born November 19, 1887. He is a Repub- lican in politics, and has held the offices of assessor, constable and collector, also other positions of public trust in the township. He is 1130 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. one of the rising young men of the communit3^ Mrs. Rockwell is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. MRS. BETSEY J. RODGEKS, Litchfield township, P. O. Litchfield, widow of Johnson Rodgers, who was a farmer, was born in Orange county, N. Y., May 19, 1S18, a daughter of Samuel and Betsey Ball, natives of Orange county, whosettledin Litchfield in 1825, and engaged in farming. Their family consisted of ten children, all of whom grew to matiiritv.'^Betsey J. was the eighth in the family, and w^as reared and edu- cated in* Litchfield atthecominon school. On December 28,18-i0,she mar- ried Johnson Rodgers, and to them were born the following children: Hudson, born June 17, 1841; Mary, born March 12, 1843, married to Joshua Teerk ; John, born January 15, 1845 ; Taylor, born November 7, 1848, married to ()ri)hie Ellis; Johnson, Jr., born March 15, 1850, married to Julia Maston ; Allen M., born July 1, 1853, married to Jane Goodsell ; Martha, born August 8, 1858, married Wells Horton ; Samuel, born December 1, 18C0; Sarah A., born March 31, 18(53, and Ann, married to Edward Maynard. Johnson Rodgers was a mill-wright of vast ex- perience in his day. and also a competent pilot on the Susquehanna river; he was a soldier in the Civil War, and served three years in the Army of the Potomac, Company D, Seventeenth Pennsylvania Cavalry ; he held the office of lieutenant and was honorably discharged. Mrs. Rodgers is now drawing a pension of fifteen dollars a month, and lives on a farm of 2C0 acres. RITRU ROGERS, painter, Sugar Run, was born in Wyoming county. Pa., October 11, 1850, and is a son of William and Olive (Crawford), Rogers, the former a native of Steuben county, N. Y., born of Irish lineage; the latter a native of Pennsylvania, born of New England origin. Burr Rogers began life for himself at the age of twenty, farming, and two years later learned the cooper's trade, which he followed six vears ; then worked at paintino- two years, after which he commenced clerking, which business he has since followed. Mr. Rogers was married, November 19, 1870, to Miss Gertmde, daughter of Sterling and Sallie (Williams) Quick, of Wilmot, and this union has resulted in the birth of five children : George F., born October 2G, 1871 ; David M., born October 20, 1876; Jacob J., born May 5, 1879; Ilenrv A., born June 5, 1881, and Anna L., born March 5, 1884. Mr. Rogers is a firm adherent to the principles of the Republican party. CHARLES S. ROGERS, D.'D. S., Towanda, a native of Forks- ville, Sullivan Co., Pa., was born P'ebruary 5, 1864, a son of Moses A. and Abigail (Potter) Rogers, and of English descent. His nuiternal grandfather, George W. Potter, was a native of Cooperstown, N. Y., and was a pioneer foundryman of Towanda; in later life he removed to Sullivan county. Pa., and died there. Charles S., the subject of this memoir, was reared in Sullivan county, and received an academical education at Vineland, N.J. In 1881 he began the study of den- tistry, with Dr. Pe])])ei-, of Forksville, Pa., and graduated from the Philadelphia Dental C, with Sarah Hendershot, of Orwell, and to them have been born three children: Hari-y L., born November 15, 1883; Gertie, born July 26, 188T, and Mabel, born January 21, 1889. Mercur J. Russell Avas born and reared on a farm, has successfully followed farming, and now owns eighty acres of highly improved land. He has a family of three children: Cora, Burton and John M. Both brothers are members of the K. of II., and are stanch Republicans in their j)olitics. CHARLES P. RUSSELL, farmer and stock-grower, of AVindham township, F. O. Lix, is a native of Rome township, this county, born May 22, 1834, and is a son of Reuben and Sarah (Eiklor) Russell, of Pennsyl- vania and Xew York, resj>ectively, and of remote Irish and German extraction. The father, who was a carpenter and a well-esteemed and good citizen, died in 1876; the mother survives. In their familv were ten children, of whom Charles P. is the sixth. He was reared in the place of his nativity, and had access to the schools of the vicinity m a moderate way, but sufficient for a fair education in the rudiments of learning, and during his minority he learned the carpenter's trade in his father's shop. These were his only aids in starting in life for him- self. On August 5, 1862, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Forty- first Regiment, P. V. I., Company I. To name the command he was in tells the terrible story of war for all its members, a regiment that stands pre-eminent in the annals of that struggle. At the battle of Fredericksburg the first and second fingers of his right hand were taken off by a gunshot, and he had to go three days before he could secure a surgeon's attention ; in the meantime lockjaw and death impended. Afterward he Avas attacked with typhoid fever, and also small-pox. and finally was discharged from the hospital and service and returned home. Mr. Russell was married in Sheshequin, tolNIrs. Clotilda Chandler, daughter of Nathaniel and Catherine Courad, natives of New York, she being the second in a family of nine children. Her first husband was Allen Chandler, who died in the army, a soldier in Company D, Seventeenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, and when his regi- ment was captured on the Potomac he escaped, but from exposure he contracted a fatal sickness. He left one child, Linda J., wife of George Strope. Mr. and Mrs. Charles P. Russell have one child, Allen, who is a farmer. Ou»' sul)j('ct and wife live on the fai'in owned by the latter. JUDGE C. S. RUSSELL is the leadei- in the insurance and real estate businesses in Towanda. He is a native of the county, having been born in Windham township, May 13, 1824, His ])arents, Julius and Eliza (Seymour) Russell, came fi-om Connecticut, and were of the distinguished slock which has faced and subdued all obstacles and hardships in making the countiy what it now is. The grandfather, John Russell, following the westward current of his day, removed HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1141 West, in the year 1800, and settled in the town of Owego, Tioga Co., N. Y., but on account of continued sickness in liis family returned to Connecticut in 180-1. In 1814 he again turned his steps westward, and this time became a citizen of this county by purchasing a farm, and settled in Orwell township, bringing with him Julius (the sixth of seven sons), who was born in 1796, and was eighteen years of age when the family came to this county. The young man remained with his parents (to whom eight daughters were also born) until he w^as tw^enty-one, wdien he returned to the old home in Connecticut, where he learned a trade, and in 1823 was married to Eliza Seymour, who came with him to Bradford county, and to the small dwelling prepared for them in AVindham township. They w^ere diligent in work, as they had chosen it, careful in the management of the farm, and solicitous for the welfare of the children who came to brighten their home and assist tlieir labors. The respect which they com manded at home widened in its circle of influence, and in 1842, by an almost spontaneous movement, the people elected Julius Russell to the office of register and recorder of the county, lie had not long been installed in office when circumstances determined him to bring his son Cliauncey, then eighteen years old, to Towanda, to make him clerk and, if competent, his deputy in office. The proposal was to the young man like thunder from the clear sky. His horizon of work had been bounded by the labors and duties of the farm, and any reason- able ambition might well be satisfied in the grand work of developing the new country. But the father had command of the situation, and with reluctance the young man left his first home and entered the register and recorder's office at the county seat. This was the first turning point of his life, for from that day he has been a citizen of Towanda. His father continued for a quarter of a century to watch the son's progress, and died in 1868, at the old farm home, full of years, and the respect of all who knew him, followed to his grave by a wide circle of friends. The son progressed rapidly as deputy in his father's office, fully mastering the business, and by his suavity, promptness and diligence making himself acceptable to all. When his father's term of office had passed, he was tendered the place of deputy prothonotary, and was in this position from 1845 to 1848, when he was appointed clerk to the commissioners of the county, and continued in that office until 1851. He then left the court-house and engaged in the hardware trade in Towanda, with D. C. Hall as a partner, and soon had built an exten sive trade. Closing out this establishment in 1858, he accepted the employ of the Farmers' Union Insurance Compan3% of Athens, and was its secretary and ti-aveling agent two years. In 1860, in company with John A. Codding, he returned to the hardware business and. resummg at the old stand, and so remained until 1876. In 1873 he was nominated by the Democracy for the office of associate judge, and in the face of and adverse majority of 4,000 he was elected, the only Democrat on the ticket who did not suffer defeat. He was the last associate judge of Bradford county, and it will remain a part of the history of the county that his influence was manifest far more during 1142 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, his term than had ever been the case with any other associate judge in this portion of tlie State. He honestly beheved that saloon licenses were not a public necessity, and, having the courage of his convictions, it is onlv necessary to say that the last two years of his incumbency of the judgeship Bradford'^ was a " dry county," so far as saloons were concerned. Since 1876 he has been" engaged in insurance and real estate, and conducts an extensive business. He filled the responsible position of burgess of To^vanda eight successive years. As a business man. farmer, official both in county and borough, he has ever main- tained a high position of respectability and public confidence, possess- ing a moral courage that has never been questioned, and his honor as a man and official has never even been discussed. Judge Tiussell was married in Wysox township, September 20, 1853, to Miss Mary P., daughter of Robert and Aurelia (Satterlee) Spalding, a great-granddaughter of Gen. Spalding of Revolutionary ' fame, and, on her mother's side of the line of Elisha Satterlee, one of the distinguished early pioneers. Judge and Mrs. Russell are mem- bers of the Universalist Church, of which he is secretary and trustee. He is a prominent Mason of the thirty-second degree, and is one of the oldest members of the fraternity in the county. He has likewise for many years filled official and foremost places in the Order of Odd Fellowship. He is a man of such broad and generous public spirit that he sacrificed a fortune of no small proportions trying to develop the manufacturing interests of the county, and then commenced again at the bott-om of the ladder to toil and climl) toward the top, and suc- cess crowned his efforts. DANIEL E. RUSSELL, postmaster, Windham Centre, one of the prominent citizens of Windham township, was born in Orwell township, this county, December 29, 1839, a son of Burton and Sally (Ellsworth) Russell, natives of Bradford county. The Russells have always been agricultural people. The father died on his farm in 1877. having been preceded to the grave by his companion and helpmeet in 1872. Their family consisted of six children, of whom Daniel E. is the third in the order of birth. He spent his young life and grew to manliood on his father's farm in Orwell, was educated in the public schools, and com- menced life on his own account a farmer, and in time became the pos- sessor of 110 acres of farm land and a pleasant home, which, owing to wounds received in the army, he was compelled to sell on account of phvsical inability to attend to the same, lie was married in Litchfield township to Nancy ^f., dauohter of James R. and Thedotia (Merrill) Mastin, of New York and Pennsylvania, respectively. He enlisted in the army in 1804: inCoini)any E, One Hundred and Seventy -ninth Reg- iment New York Infantry. He was in the Army of the Potomac in front of Petersburg. O^ctober 12, 1864, while assisting to mount a large cannon at Fort Welch, a shot from the enemy struck the fort, and the shock and fall that he received caused i)araiysis, from which he has l)ut i)arlially recovered. He was sent to the hospital at City Point, then to Alexandria, wheio he was discharged Mairh 7, 18*;."). Cyrus Cook, an uncle, was obliged to take him liome, and even when he bought his farm he had to be carried on a bed to see it. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1143 JOSEPH P. RUSSELL, farmer and stock-grower, Windham township, P. O. North Orwell, is a native of Windham township, this county, born May 9, 1844, a son of Austin and Annes (Bates) Russell, natives of Pennsvlvania and Connecticut, respectively, and of English stock, a family that followed agriculture. The father died in 1853; the mother is'now living, at the age of seventy-eight. Their family consisted of eight children, of whom Joseph is the fourth. He grew to his majority in his native place, and worked on the farm in summer, attending school in winter. On June 20, 1862, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Ninth N. Y. V. L, Company K, and was sent at once to the Army of the Potomac ; was in the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania Court House, North Anna. Cold Harbor, and Petersburg, wdiere'he was taken prisoner, July 30, 1864, and was sent to Danville prison; here he remained seven months, when he was taken out, Feb- ruary 22, 1865, and had the luxury of reposing one night in Libby Prison. He barely tipped the scales at sixty pounds, after being two weeks at home, prior to which he would probably have required apoth- ecarv scales; he was unable to walk when he came home, so crawled on liis hands and knees into the house. When before Petersburg, he was standing with Edwin Wilber before a porthole, reading a paper, when a ball entered, grazing his scalp and killing Wilber instantly. On making a charge on the breastwork at Petersburg, twenty-nine of his companv were killed, but three escaped, of whom he was one. Mr. Russeir describes the dead on the ground after the battle as thick- enough to walk on ; and, in looking them over, he found his old and dearlriend, Alexander Atherton. In the battle of the Wilderness, Mr. Russell's clothes were riddled by bullets; there were four holes shot in his hat, and' his haversack was shot off, in consequence of which it cost him fiftv cents to get water to cook his suj^per. His prison life., like that of many others of the poor fellows, he says, was " worse than any nightmare! '' He saw an unfortunate German shot dead for daring to look out of a window. The prisoners had a daily allowance of one- pound rations, of the rankest quality, and more than one contrived to catch rats and mice, and eat them! 'Mr. Russell was united in marriage with Emelia Tanner, daughter of Henry D. and Olive E. Tanner, natives of New York, and of this marriage there are five children : Austin IT., Elec, Lottie B., Ilattie C. and Olive E. Henry D. Tanner, father of Mrs. Russell, was a native of Schoharie county, N. Y., born August 10, 1826, a son of George and Elizabeth (Ditchridge) Tanner; the familv immigrated to this country immediately after the Revolu- tion ; the father died in 1868, and a few months thereafter the mother passed away in the Stateof Wisconsin ; in their family were six children, of whom Henry D. was next the youngest. He was reared in Susque- hanna and Bradford counties, and became a carpenter and joiner; came to Bradford in 1832, and married Olive E. Towner, daughter of Joseph andEmilv (Pratt) Towner; they had three children: Emelia (Mrs. Russell), O'lin C. (married to Isabella Rickey), Hattie (died in 1879, aged twenty-four years; had married Stanley Pete, a dentist). Mr. Tanner was aworthy soldier in the State's emergency call to repel 1144 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. invasion. Joseph P. Russell is a member of the G. A. E., Stevens Post, at Rome. L. F. RUSSELL, farmer and stock-grower. P. O. Rome, was born on the farm he now occupies in Rome township, June 26, 1844, a son of Dan and Debora Ann (Forbes) Russell. Bis grandfather, Dan Russell, came from Connecticut and was among the early pioneers to locate in Orwell township, where the father of L. F. was born in 1808 ; his grandfather, Hezekiah, was also a resident of Orwell township at time of his death, a farmer in Orwell and Rome townships, and at the time of death owned one hundred and fourteen acres well-improved land. The father of L. F. had a family of nine children, four of whom are yet living: Ellen, married to Harvey Johnston, a farmer of Litch- tiekl township, this county ; Simon, a farmer of Rome township; L. F. (the seventh of the family) and Phoebe, married to Jacob Struble, who is working in the Bridge Works at Athens, Pa. The boyhood of our subject was spent on his father's farm, and he attended the com- mon schools of Rome until seventeen years old, securing a good com- mon-school education. He commenced farming, and followed it up to 1872, when he ])urchased and commenced to operate a sawmill; after which he sold and returned to the farm, where he has since remained. On Februarv 20, 1865, he enlisted in Company C, Twenty-fourth Xew York Cavalry, and served until the close of the war. He now owns two hundred^icres, and the house, built in 1886, is an elegant modern farm dwellmg of ten rooms; farm is well stocked with young cattle, and he keeps about ten cows for his dairy. Mr. Russell was united in wedlock January 31, 1866, with Eunice, daughter of M. V. B. Towner, a farmer, and the fruits of this mari-iage are six children, as follows: Alice v., born November 3, 1866 ; Lina E., born July 31, '1871 ; Farn- ham JI., born December 31, 1876, died August 1, 1882; Edith D., born October 13, 1884; Gertie, born January 18, 1887; Stanley, born Decem- ber 26,1889. Mr. Russell is a mem ber of F. een trustee and steward, also superin- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1155 tendent of the Sunday-scliool. He is a Republican, and has held the following offices of public trust : Town clerk, school director, com- missioner and assessor, and is now assistant assessor. FRANK H. SCOTT, farmer, Smithfield townsliip, P. O. East Smith- field, was born in Springfield, this county, April 20, 1847, a son of Orrin and Martha A. (Brown) Scott, the former a native of Vermont, and latter of Connecticut. They came to this county in 1843, and settled in Springfield township. One son, A. O., was in the Civil War. Frank II. is the youngest m a family of three children. The father was a blacksmith," as well as a farmer, and Frank H. was reared on the farm, educated in the schools of the town, and ado])ted farming as his business. He was united in marriage, December 1, 1869, with Pleiades, daughter of Merit and Abigail (Kingsley) Wood; she is a sister of Francis Wood. Her great-grandfather was a Revolutionary soldier, and thev trace their family genealogy back many generations. Mrs. Scott was born October 9, 1849, the third in a family of five children, and the only daughter. There have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Scott two children : Ella L., born April 1, 1874, and Bessie M., born February 4, 1881. Mr. Scott is the owner of a fine farm, and is a part owner of other lands — 400 acres in all. His principal interest thereon is dairying. He is a genial and pleasant gentleman, and has a wide circle of friends. WINFIELD SCOTT, farmer, Monroe township, P.O. Monroeton, was born m Monroe, this county. May 2, 1814, and is a son of John H. and Catherine E. (Harris) Scott; in his father's family there were six children, of whom Winfield is the fourth. He was reared on the farm, educated in the common school, purchased the farm where Harvey Cum- mings now resides, lived there from 1868 to 1874, when he removed to his present home, and he has since given his attention and energy chiefly to the cultivation of the soil. Mr. Scott was married, October 1, 1867, to Miss Mary E., daughter of William V., and Julia (Griggs) Stevens, of Monroe, and they have three children: Stella M., born September 6, 1869; Franklin L., born April 3, 1876, and John W., born February 15, 1879. Mr. and Mrs. Scott and their daughter are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he has been trustee fifteen years, and is also steward ; he is a Republican in politics, and has been town treasurer ten years. HARRY SCOVELL, retired farmer, P. O. To wand a, was born February 13, 1803, on the farm where he now resides, and is a son of Silas and Abigail (Harris) Scovell. His paternal grandfather, Elisha Scovell, moved with his family from Connecticut to Exeter, Luzerne Co., Pa., in an early day, and from there the father of our subject came to Towanda in 1788, and soon after his marriage, in 1790, he removed to the farm now occupied by Harry Scovell. a part of which he cleared and improved, and where he resided until his death in 1824. His children were Phebe (Mrs. Nathan Stevens), Peter H., Harry, Celesta, Caroline (Mrs. H. S. Frazier), Silas J., Joseph J. and Abigail (Mrs. E. Reuben Deleng). On the death of his father, he succeeded to the homestead, where he was born and reared and has always resided. He cleared and improved a large part of the farm, which he has divided between his sons, John H. and Silas M. He was twice 115G HISTORY OF BHADFORl) COUNTY. married ; his tirst wife was Sarah Court \vrio:ht, by whom he had four children: John H., James, Amanda (Mrs. Francis Barnes) and Silas M. Harry Scovell resides with his youngest son, Silas M., who was born March 25, 1848, and married, in 1871, to Eva, daughter of David and Eliza (Smith) AValborn, of Sheshequin township, this county, and has two children : Jennie and Jesse. SAMUEL M. SEAFUSE, farmer, P. O. Bentley Creek, was born in Si)ringtield township, this county, June 21:, 1869, a son of Horace and Sarali (Palmer) Seafuse, natives of Monroe and Tioga counties, respectivelv. Horace was a son of Solomon Seafuse, who removed from Monroe county, Pa., to this county in 1855, locating in South Creek township, on what is known as " East Hill; " this was in the early settlement of the town, when its inhabitants did not number half as many as they do now. Solomon Seafuse learned the carpenters' trade, at which he worked in connection with his farm; his family consisted of eight children, four of whom grew to maturity. Horace, the father of Samuel M., was a farmer, and worked as such until his death, which occurred March 2, 1874, when aged but twenty-eight years. There were four children born to him, all of whom are living. Samuel M. Seafuse, who is the eldest in the family, was reared and educated at the common school, and so proficient did he become that he fitted himself for a teacher, and has taught four terms in South Creek and Ridgeburv townships; has been studving medicine under Dr. Charles N. Hammond, of Bentley Creek, for the past two years, and is now a student of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, of Baltimore, Md. He is a bright, intelligent young man, and bids fair to make his mark in life. On July 4, 1887, he married, in South Creek township, Jennie, daughter of Walter and Maria ]\[ason, and there have been born to them two children: Glen and Mary. In con- junction with his studies, l\[r. Seafuse is working on his farm with his grandfather, Solomon Seafuse. He is a member of the International Fraternal Alliance. ^y. C. SECIIIUST, attorney at law. Canton, is a native of Tioga county. Pa., and was born January 27, 1858, a son of John and Harriet (Miller) Sechrist, natives of Tioga county, Pa., and Germany, respectively. His father was a farmer in early life, and is now in the employ of the F;ill Brook Kailroad Company, a position he has iield for some time. Mrs. Sechrist died in 1881. W. C. Sechrist is the second in order of l)irth in a family of five sons and five daughters; he was reared in Tioga county until seventeen years of age, when he came to Canton and completed his education in the graded schools; read law with Capt. J. II. Sha.v, was admitted to the bar in January, 1881, and has been ))r;icticing his profession thei'e since. He was man-icd in Canton, in 18S2, to Ella, daughter of J. W. and Lucy (Spalding) (irilfin, natives of this county. J. W. Gritfin was a blacksmith by trade, but retired from his trade when about forty years of age, and was until his death extensively engaged in real estate transactions; he died in 187<», in his sixty-third year; Mrs. Gritfin yet survives; she is a descendant of Ezra Spalding, who was one of the four first settlers in the township. Mrs. Sechrist, who is the youngest in a family of HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1157 four children, was born in Canton, in January, 1S52, and is a member of the Disciple Church. Mr. Sechrist is serving his seventh year on the borough school board; politically, he is a Republican. H. C. SEELEY, conductor on the L. V. R. R., Sayre, is a native of Ridgebury township, this county, and was born November 12, 1848. Ilis^parents were John F. and Sally M. (Thompson) Seeley, natives of Orange county, N. Y., the former of whom was a farmer, and died in Ridgeburv, this county, July 2, 1888, in his eightieth year. 11. C. See- ley is the'eighth in a family of nine children— six girls and three boys. Two brothers served in the Civil War, one of whom died of Typhoid fever, near Cape Ilatteras, and the other died several years after the close of the war from the effects of a shell wound. Our subject was reared in Ridgebury, and received his education in the common schools. When he became of age he farmed two years, and then went on the Lehigh Valley Railroad, in 1872, as brakeman ; was ])romoted to coal train conductor in 1877, and to freight train conductor in the spring of 1881. He was njarried, in Athens, in April, 1870. to Miss Mary E., daughter of Solomon and Sally (Taylor) Bosworth, the for- mer '^a native of Athens, and the latter of Windsor county, Vt. Her father was a farmer and died in Athens township, this county, in March, 1861, in his fifty-second year; her mother resides in Sayre. Mrs, Bosworth's uncles, Samuel and Benjamin, were soldiers in the War of 1812. Mrs. Seeley is the youngest in a family of eleven children, and was born in Athens township, T^ovembcr 13, 1853. To Mr. and Mrs. Seeley was born a son, Clair D. Seeley. Mrs. Seeley is a member of the Baptist Church. Mr. Seeley is a member of the Order of Railway Conductors, Southern Tier Divison, No. 10, Waverly, N. Y., and is also a member of the Iron Hall. In politics he is a Republican. I. R. SELLARD, farmer and dairyman, of Canton township, P. O. Grover, is a native of Canton township, this county, and was born Julv 2, 1849. His parents were Ichabod and Harriet (King) Sellard, natives of Canton township and Tioga county, Pa., respectively. Our subject's father, grandfather and great-grandfather all died in the house where Charles J. McKee now resides, about two and one-half miles south of Canton; it is probably the oldest house in the town- ship, and was built in 1818. The great-grandfather, James Sellard, was a native of Connecticut and removed to Lycoming county. Pa., from there to Tioga county, and settled in Canton township in about 1812, on the old Sellard homestead. The grandfather. Stephen D. Sel- lard, served in the War of 1812, and died in May, 1852, in his sixty- fourth year. Ichabod Sellard was born March 24, 1821, and died October'^ 21, 1877. Mrs. Sellard died January 22, 1888, in her sixty- first year. Our subject is the third in order of birth in a family of live children ; he received his education in the common schools and attended the State Normal School at Mansfield, Pa., one year, and taught one term of school ; he owns a well-iin])roved farm containing 132 acres; also a part of the old Sellard homestead. He married, in Canton, in 1872, Louise, daughter of Samuel and Malissa (Bates) Fitz- water, natives of Bradford county. Mrs. Sellard is third in a family 1158 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. of ten children, and was born in Canton township, in January, 1854. To them were born a family of five children, as follows: JMinnie, Belle, Helen, Daisy and Mildred. Mrs. Sellard is a member of the Disciple Church. ^ Mr. Sellard is a member of Grover Grange ; politically is a Kepublican, and has served two terms as township treasurer. M. P. SEWAKD, of the firm of Seward & Company, proprietors of planing-mill, Sayre, is a native of Broome county, N. Y., and was born October 24, 1847, a son of William and Tamar (Hewitt) Seward, natives of New York, the former of whom was a mechanic and died in Binghamton, N. Y., the latter surviving and now residing in Earls- ville, Delaware Co., Iowa. M. P. Sewai^d, who is the second in order of birth in a family of five children, received his education in the com- mon schools, and served an apprenticeship at the carpenter's trade in his native county, where he worked until 1875, when he came to Savre and followed his trade until 1881, when he became a member of the firm of Seward & Company, since when he has devoted his time to the success of that establishment. He was married in Bingham- ton, N. Y., in 1872, to Miss Rachel Mallinson, whose parents were natives of England. (She was the eighth in a family of twelve chil- dren, and was born in Rockland county, X. Y.. in 1845, and died Aug- ust 6, 1889, a consistent member of the ]\rethodist Episcopal Church, and an estimable lady). In the family is an adopted daughter, Elsie Seward. Mr. Seward is a member of the Iron Hall, and is a Ilepub- lican in politics. GEORGE W. SEXTON, a farmer of Franklin township, P. O. Powell, was born in Orwell townsliip, this county, March 1, 1889, and is a son of Jabez E. and Jeanett (Jilson) Sexton, both of whom were natives of Connecticut. His father was a son of AVilliam Sexton, who removed from the East to this county in 1813, at which time Jabez was six years of age. He located on a farm of sixty-five acres in Orwell, on which he remained all of his life. Jabez lived on the same old homestead seventy-two years, having been born in 1807, and reared a family of nine chddren-^two sons and seven daughters — six of whom grew to maturity, and five are now living. Our subject was reared and educated in Orwell at the common school, and has always followed farming as an occupation. At the age of twenty -three he attached himself to Company D, One Hundrfnl and Forty-First P. V. I., for the term of three years. He was wounded at the battle of Chancellors- ville, and lost his right arm, for which disability he now draws a pension of ^45.00 per month. Mr. Sexton is located on a beautiful farm on Towanda Creek, near the Monroe line ; he is a general farmer, and, hke others along that rich lowland, pays attention to raising tobacco; is a member of the G. A. R., and is a Re|)ub!ican in politics. AI)EL15FRT SHAW, engineer, P. O. Ulster, was born in Ulster, this county. July 9, 1887. and is a son of Norman and Mary Ann (Marshall) 'Shaw^ and a grandson of Ebenezer Shaw. Norman Shaw was a fai-mer, and our subject was born and reared on a farm ; he attended the common schools of Ulster and received a good English education. He worked on his father's farm until eighteen years of HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1159 age, and then was employed on a boat on the North I'ranch Canal for eight years. He enlisted, in 1862, in the Twenty-fourth Indejien- dent Battery, and served until ISG-t, when he was discharged. He married Anna E., daughter of Martin and Nancy (Brigg) Thor]), and three children were born to them : Rosa, married to Charles Watkins ; Charles, married to Kate Crawley, and May, married to Robert J. Wood. Mr. Shaw is a Republican in politics, and is a member of the G. A. R. URIAH SHx4."W, farmer and carpenter, Ulster, was born in She- shequm township, this county, May 13, 1806, a son of Ebenezer Shaw, a native of Little Compton, Newport Co., R. I., who was born Sep- tember 5, 1Y71, and died at Sheshequin, December 17, 1871, at the extremely advanced age of one hundred years and three months; he was the oldest Freemason in the State at the time of his death, and was buried by the Fraternity. Uriah Shaw, his grandfather, reached the age of eighty-four, and his grandmother Shaw (before marriage, Campbell), reached sixty-four years of age, while his grandfather Holcomb reached eighty -one, and his grandmother Holcomb reached eio-hty-three years of age. His mother, Cynthia (Holcomb) Shaw, was born in JBarkhamsted, Litchfield Co., Conn., March 17, 1783, and died at Sheshequin, April 10, 1868, aged eighty-five; his father came to Sheshequin in 1786, when fourteen years old; his mother came to Ulster in 1794, being then eleven years old. His parents were married February 26, 1801, among the earliest marriages of this county, and their family consisted of the following children: Laura, Harry, Uriah, Norman, Hiram, Matilda antl Ebenezer P. He and one sister, Mrs. Matilda Gore, are the only survivors. He received his early education at the Sheshequin scliool, and the school-house stood just across the road, and while attending school he would s]>end his noon recesses threshing wheat with a flail, in his fathers barn. He acquired a good education, for those days, and upon leaving school engaged in teaching, in Rome township, three months, then for two winters next in succession taught school in Sheshequin in tlie house near his father's barn, but abandoned that after a few months, as his salary was but $9 a month and board, "boarding round," and that was then considered ample pay. He next engaged as a member of a surveying corps, and assisted in making many surveys in this and adjoining counties, then turned his attention to farming and carpen- tering, which he followed more or less nntil June 30, 1868, when he was appointed mail messenger on the route between Ulster and Horn- brook; continued at this until May 29, 1872. when, in connection with his sons, Henry and Hiram, he opened the "canal grocery" in Ulster; for some time past he has been carrying the mail to and from the rail- road station and postofRce. He was married, January 19, 1832, to Patience Lenity Segar, and to them were born eight children, viz.: B.F., Ralph, Henry, Samuel, Anna, Cynthia, Hiram F.,and Anna (deceased). When a young man he purchased the first lot laid out in Ulster; caught luml)er and logs in the drift of the river, built him a plank house, 40x18 feet, two stories, and as soon as it was partially com- pleted moved in; this was the fifth house built in ITlster, and the IKJO HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. building in which the second tavern in the township was opened. In reHgious behef he is a Universahst, and a Republican in politics. HENRY SHAW, station agent, Ulster, was born December 31, 1836, at Ulster, Bradford Co., Pa., son of Uriaii and Patience Lenity (Segar) Shaw. He secured a business education, engaged in the mer- cantile trade, and in connection with his brother, B. F. Shaw, opened a confectionery and bakery in Towanda, in 1860. In 1861 he pur- chased his brother's interest, and was alone for a time, when he sold out and purchased a canal boat, which he ran from Buffalo to New York, returning via Elmira, and from there to Baltimore. He was thus engaged two years, and then with his father and brother, Iliram, built and stocked the grocery store on the canal at Ulster, known as the "canal grocery." The firm was U. Shaw & Sons; he continued in the grocery until their business was ruined by the abandonment of the canal, in 1871, and then secured the appointment for agent of the Lehigh Yalley Railroad, and has held that position to the present time. He has a beautiful home in Ulster, and has saved a fair com- ]>etence from his gains in business. On Christmas Day. 1863, he was united in marriage with M. E. Smith, daughter of I. AY. and Selestia A. (Arnold) Smith, a lady of English descent. To them were born four children, of whom Hattie died in infancy, and Minnie, the wife of W. Ethel Shoemaker, also died ; Lulu and Fred Harper live with their parents. The family are Universalists; in politics, Mr. Shaw is Republican. In the possession of Mr. Shaw is one of the first two clocks brought to Bradford county, which was brought by his grand- father, Ebenezer Shaw, about the year 1816; it is over seven feet high, and a sight of it carries us back to the old New^ England kitchen, where it occupied the post of honor and chimed out its music to the pitcher of cider and rosy-cheeked apples. SHEPARD. Among the most prominent families of western Brad- ford were two sons of John Shepard, namely, Silas E. Shepard, D. D. (deceased), and Samuel W. Shepard, M. D., of Troy, representatives of the Shepard and Bonesteel families. John Shejiard married Elizabeth Bonesteel; he was the son of John and Aljigail (Eaton), the son of Daniel and Jane (Ilosmer), the son of Daniel and Mary (Smedley), the son of John and Sarah, the son of Ralph and Thanks, Ralj^h came from England in 1635; died September 11, 161»3, aged ninety years. John Milton Shepard, son of Silas E. Shepard, died June 1, 1853. He married, December 29, 18-16, Matilda Willey Benton, who was born August 14-, 1824. Allen Bentcm, her father,' was born June 9, 1792, married July 22, 1819; his wife. Deborah (AYilley), was born February 1, 1797. Allen Benton died September 12, 1879; Deborah (Willey) Benton died August 23, 1867. Milton left one daughter, who mar- ried Rev. I). W. Hart, now of Wilton, Conn. John Shepard, who mar- ried Elizabeth Bonesteel, was born December 26, 1780, died l\Iarch 8, 1833. Eliziibeth Bonesteel was born Noveml)or 2^1 1781, died May 1, 1832. Their children were: Pnul, born M:irch 25, 1799, man-led Mercy Osborne, born May 13, 1800, died October 7, 1876. Silas Eaton, born February 2, 1801, died in Troy, Pa., November 12, 1877; he married Nancy Lake in 1821; had three children: Catherine, John Milton and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1101 Alma Wright. Luke, born March 19, 1803, died April 20, 1837, mar- ried Jeriisha Boynton; his children were Manly and Jackson. John, born March 28, 1805, died in 1826. Millicent, born September 5, 1807, died in 1826. Stephen A., born October 4, 1809, died in 1888. Betsy Shepard, born in 1812, died in Bay City in 1876. Lysander Curtis, born April 6, 1814. Daniel Bonesteel, born April 19, 1816, died in Bay City in 1875. Samuel W., born September 24, 1818, Rosina, born November 7, 1821, died in 1886. Following 'is the genealogy of the Bonesteel family on the maternal side of the house: Nicholas Bonesteel, born in Germany about 1695, emigrated to Dutchess county, N. Y., United States of America, about 1720, died near Troy, N. Y., about 1788; was a farmer nearRhinebeck, ]Sr. Y.; had live sons — Jacob, Philip, Nicholas, Jeremiah and David — and several daughters; he had only one brother, David. David, brother of Nicholas, came from Germany, and the descend- ants of the two brothers are a great race, on both sides of the Hudson river, from New York City to Troy from 1700, now numerous in Ontario, Cattaraugus and Niagara counties, N. Y., and in Northern Penn- sylvania. Philip Bonesteel, born in Dutchess county, N. Y., 1753, thence removed, about 1755, to Florida, Montgomery Co., N. Y., had eleven children, and died September 17, 1848, aged ninety-four years ; was with the Shakers at West Pittslield, Mass.; he was forty-three years a Shaker, and was known as " Father Philip." He married, in 1775, Elizabeth Ray, born in Dutchess countv, N. Y., 1754, married in her native county, died in Benton, Yates Co., N. Y,, 1814, aged about sixty years. She had brothers, Mathias and Christian; sisters, Margaret (Stirzees), Mary (Pettit), Catherine (Roland). Their father, Christian Ray, born in Germany before 1700, immigrated to America about 1720 in a sail- ing v^sel, the trip from land to land occupying eleven months, and buried one child at sea; settled in Dutchess count}', N. Y.; kept hotel on main thoroughfare, and often entertained General Washington. Him- self and wife died just after Revolutionary War. Wife unknown. The sons and daughters of Philip Bonesteel and Elizabeth Ray were Philip, second, married Roland, had a few sons and daughters, removed to Wisconsin. Elizabeth married John Shepard, children: Paul, Silas, Luke, John, Betsey, Lysander, Samuel and Rosina, Stephen. John married three times, had twenty-two children; first family in Cattarau- gus county, N. Y.; second family, in Pennsylvania; third family, in Niagara, N. Y. Sarah married John Gay, descendants at or near Albion, Mich. Luke married; very small famil\% in West. Amos mar- ried; verv small family, Wisconsin. Mary married Benjamin Wood, eleven children. Anna married Samuel Carley and then George L. Carley; large family, Oswego county, N. Y. Nicholas married Miss Squire, then married Miss Fosdick; large family, Cattaraugus county, N. Y. Asenath, married Ebenezer Pettit; three daughters and one son, all dead, Livingston county, N. Y. The children of Benjamin Wood and Mary Bonesteel : Elmira married John S. Bristol, both dead ; one daughter and two sons. Mary Ann married Ezra Cornell (deceased), of whom Cornell College took 1162 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. its name; nine children, three sons and two daughters now living, at Ithaca, N. Y. Lydia died unmarried. Orrin Squire married Mary 1. Mitchell ; married Julia Forbes; married Mrs. Anna Dodd ; two daugh- ters and one son, at Staten Island, N. Y. Merritt L. married Caroline B. Sage; no children; Micanopy, Florida. Emily married Jonathan Dunham; two daughters and onVson,at Valley Springs, South Dakota. Harriet (deceased) married Jonathan Dunham. Caroline died unmar- ried. Norman B. married Anna Spencer; two daughters living. Otis Eddy married Olive A. Houtz; two sons living, Ithaca, N. Y. Cor- delia M. married Alonzo Chase; three daughters, Redfield, South Dakota. DE. SILAS EATON SHEPARD, son of John and Elizabeth Shepard, was a native of Utica, Oneida Co., N". Y., born of Puritan blood, and from the public schools was a student at the academy in Norwich, N. Y., and while at this school turned from the Congrega- tional to the Baptist Church. He came to Shamokin, this State, as a teacher when eighteen, and the same year became a preacher and entered upon the long work of fifty -eight years that marked his course in hfe. He married in 1821, at Washington ville. Pa., Nancy Lake; visited Canton in 1825, located there in 1827, and purchased a farm in Armenia; was regularly preaching at the church in Canton. At this time Dr. Alexander Campbell became known to the world, and Rev. Dr. Shepard accepted CarapbelFs theological views, antl began that thorough course of studying Latin, Greek and Hebrew that soon made him a famous scholar. In 1828 he began preaching in Smithfield and other places in western Bradford. In 1831: he moved to Auburn, N.Y., editing, the next four years, the Primitive Christian. While here he attacked the prison"^ system ant] effected a revolution therein; returned to Troy in 1839, and practiced medicine four years as a homeo- path. In 1843 he went to Cincinnati, and was present at Campbell's and Rice's discussion; then returned to Troy and in conjunction with his son Milton preached in Canton, Granville and Smithfield, In 1850 he was called to the pastorate of the Church of the Disciples on Sev- enteenth street. New York, and was here eight years; while here he became a member of the American Bible Union for translating the Scriptures, and his translations rank unexcelled. The death of his son Milton recalled him to Troy June 1, 1853; there he built the house now Hon. Delos Rockwell's. In 1858 he made the tour of Europe, Egypt and the Holy Land. On his return he spent 1861-62 as pastor of the Central Christian Church, of Cincinnati, when he returned to Troy and now divided his time between this place and New York, at work at the Bible Union, and lecturing. In 1861: he was candidate for State Senator on the People's ticket, and with his ])arty was defeated. In 1865 he went to Indianapolis, and was pastor of a church in that place, and in 1867 he took charge of the new Iliram College of Ohio — a self-educated man at the head of a great institution of learning ! He was now called to Troy by the illness of his wife, and again took up his abode and the work of preaching, and his pen was busy writing those strong and vigorous articles tliat marked the columns of the Christian Standard and the Christian Quarterly of which he was HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1163 one of the founders, editing- the latter many years; and of the good man gone it was well said : " Know ye not that tliere is a prince and a great man fallen this dav in Israel T' DR. SAMUEL W. SHEPARD was born in New Berlin, CJhenango (then Broome) Co., N. Y. When one year old his parents moved to Pittstield, Mass., where he attended school from five until ten years of age; thence went to Yirgil, Cortland Co., N. Y., remaining one winter; thence to Bradford county, attending school in Canton and Granville townships until Hfteen years of age ; thence traveled through Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Yirginia, and returned in January, 1838, after nearly four years spent in the then "far West." He married Amanda, daugiiter of Scovil Bailey, of Granville, and settled on a farm; having studied medicine several years in various ways as Regular, Thomsonian or Eclectic, he commenced the practice in a small neighborhood, and, in 1846, studied Homeopathy under his brother, Silas E. Shepard, M. D., who was in practice in Troy. His brother removing to New York City, Dr. Samuel took his practice in western Bradford, and has continued with wonderful success until the present time; but now, being in his seventy-third year, he cares not to be burdened with the sick. In politics, always a Democrat. He has held all of the township offices, from school director to justice of the ))eace, and was three years county auditor; in 1855 he was the Democratic nominee for Representative, receiving every vote in Troy township and borough, but a coalition of the Free-Soilers and Whigs defeated the Democrats. In religion he is a Disciple. Dr. S. W. Shepard and Amanda Bailey were joined in wedlock, September 2, 1838. She was a daughter of Scovil and Jerusha (Hail) Bailey, of Gran- ville township, formerly of Connecticut, and of this marriage were four children ; the eldest, Jerusha E., born October 27, 1841, married May 7, 1872, William J. Hillis, M. D., of Ilerrick, who died in 1888. She has three children — two daughters and one son. Lovina, born September 25, 1844, married H. M. Spalding, son of Andrew Spalding, of Canton ; they have four children — one daughter and three sons. O'Meara, born in 1847, of Granville Centre, a farmer, has three sons. Earnest, Samuel and George,of Granville Centre, and Philena, married to A.M.Wooster, of Granville ; the_y are now living in Troy. Mrs. Wooster has three sons, making thirteen grandchildren, all healthy and understanding the principles of homeopathy. The Doctor has but one brother now living, out of eleven children — eight sons and three daughters. The brother, Lysander Curtis Shepard, Esq., was born in April, 1814, and never remembers of being confined to the house one day by sickness. He has lived at Fallbrook, Tioga Co., Pa., about thirty-live years, except six years in Raleigh, N. C. When at Fallbrook he held the office of justice of the peace the entire time while there. He has three sons and one daughter living, having lost two daughters. The Doctor's relatives are very numerous on the maternal and paternal sides, living in everv State of the Union. MORRIS SHEPARD, ex-sheriflf, Towanda, and one of the most prominent farmers of Bradford county, has been county commissioner and recently turned over the office of sheriff to his successor. He was 1104 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. born April 18, 1838, in Wells township, where is his fine farm, a son of Nathan and Jane (Case) Shepard, natives of New Jersey and of English and Scotch descent, respect ivel}'. Ilis parents were agriculturists who came to Bradford county in 1836, and located in Wells township on their farm, where the father died in 18G2, and reared a family of six children, all of whom grew to their majority. Our subject, who is the third in the order of birth, and was on the old homestead working as a farmer's boy, and attending the scliools in about their average way and manner, commenced life for himself with no other hope or ambition than that of being a good farmer. But his neighbors found him out in time, and by their suffrage made him county commissioner, serving a term with distinguished credit, and returned to his farm and private life; but in 1887 they again called on him to stand for sheriff, and he was elected. His farm is 186 acres of choice land in a high state of cultivation, the whole the proud product of his own energy and patient toil. He was married in Wells township. May 10, 1862, to Mary Jewell, daughter of Kev. Joel Jewell, minister of the Presbyterian Church, and to this marriage have been born children as follows : Charles N., Perry (died aged three years) and Orj)ha May. The family worship at the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Shepard is a member of Trojan Lodge, No. 306, F. and A. M., Troy, Pa., and is a stanch Republican. 0'MP:ARA shepard, farmer, P. O. Granville Centre, was born in Granville township, this county, March 30, 1847, a son of Dr. Samuel W. and Amanda (Bailey) Shepard. His maternal grandparents, Scovil and Jerusha (Hale) l>ailey. natives of Connecticut, were pioneers of Granville, where they settled^ in 1801. The subject of this memoir was reared in Granville, received a public-school education and learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed ten years. In 1878 he located in LeRoy township, where he was engaged in farming five years, and has occupied his present farm in Granville township since 1883. He mari'ied, November 24, 1869, Jennie, daughter of William and Rosella ]\[. (FitzGerald) Bunyan, of (Tranville. Mrs. Shepard's father, who was a native of Melrose, Scotland, a carpenter by trade, settled in Granville about 1838, and cleared the farm on what is known as Bunyan Hill, now occupied by his sons, Andrew and George, and died" there. His wife was a native of New York, and by her he had eleven children: Marv (Mrs. John Jackson); xVnn (Mrs. S. C. Wright); William; Silas (killed at the battle of Fort Johnson, July 3, 1863; he was in Comi)any E, Fifty-second Itegiment P. V. I.); Andrew; Frank ; Margaret (Mrs. Newton' Landon); Jeanette (wife of the subject); Eflfie (Mrs. J. W. Duart); George L. and Alice (Mrs. Dayton Saxton). Mr. and Mrs. She])ard have three sons: Ernest N., Samuel W. and George B. Mr. Shepard is a highly respected citizen. ROBERT E. SHElilDAN, fouiidryman, Athens, is a native of the city of Cork, Province of Munster, Ireland, where he was born in October, 1840. and is a son of Robert and llanora (Shanahan) Sheri- dan, natives of h^eland. His father was* a mechanic, and worked in the dock yards, and died in 1840, in his forty-second year, and his widow is now a resident of Towanda. When the son was nine years HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 11G5 old his parents came to Port Jervis, N. Y., where lie had relatives. He served an apprenticeshij) at the molder's trade in Port Jervis and Middletown, N. Y., and in 18G2 came to Athens, where he remained about four years, during which time he worked about one year in Williamsport, and from Athens went to Wilkes-Parre, and was there two years. He returned to Athens, and in 1869 removed to Owego, N. Y*^., and worked at his trade until 1890, and then worked a short time in Williamsport. In the spring of 1890 he erected a building, 30x68, for his foundry, where he makes castings for plows, stove trimmings, hitching posts, chimney tops, window weights, and all kinds of castings in the rough. lie was married in Athens, in April, 1863, to Miss Marv, daughter of John and Mary (Buck) Doran, natives of Ireland; she is the fifth in a family of six children, and was born in Athens in 1842. To them were "^born two daughters, Mary and Hanora. The family are members of the Roman Catholic Church, and the father is a Republican, politically. JAMES W. SEINER, harness manufacturer and dealer in hides and wool, Towanda, was born in Towanda, this county, August 4, 1864, and is a son of Andrew and (Wilcox) Shiner. His paternal grandfather, Stephen Shiner, came from New Jersey to Bradford county in 1836, settling in Towanda township, where he engaged m farming, and died. His wife was Sally A. Pearson, by whom he had nine children, as follow^s : Silas, Andrew, Stephen, Jacob, Mary A. (Mrs. Wells Goflf), Susan (Mrs. John Annis), Phebe J., Lydia E. and Eliza Shiner. His maternal grandfather was James V. Wilcox, a resi- dent of Towanda, where he still resides. Andrew^ Shiner is a farmer of Towanda township, where he was reared from six year-sof age. His children were four in number, viz.: Fannie (Mrs. Dr. F. W. Brockway), James W., Charles S. and Fred. James W. Shiner, the subject of the sketch, was reared in Towanda township, received a common-school education, and learned the harness-makers trade with his grandfather, J. V. Wilcox, of Towanda, serving an apprenticeship of three years. In 1887 he engaged in business for himself, and has built up a success- ful trade. He was married in November, 1886, to Mary E., daughter of Stephen and Caroline (Holmes) Strickland, of Wysox, Pa., and has one daughter, C. Eugenia. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics he is a Republican. ABRAM F. SHOEMAKER, farmer, Granville township, P. O. Granville Summit, was born in Granville, this county. May 31, 1833, and is the son of Malachi and Susan (Shafer) Shoemaker, formerly of Luzerne county. Pa., who settled in Granville in 1826, cleared and improved the farm now owned by T. F. Porter, and died there. Their children were : Payne, Catherine (Mrs. Alex. Lane), William, Susan (Mrs. Alva Mitchell), Malachi T., Martha A. (Mrs. Peter Groom), Elizabeth (Mrs. John Fenton), Mary A. (Mrs. James Davis), Sarah (Mrs. Lewis Spalding) and Abram F., the latter of whom was reared in Granville, and settled on the farm he now occupies, in 1858, where he has since resided. He married, October 10, 1858, Sophia, daughter of David and Sallv (Downs) Coe, of Granville, and has four children : Frances E., Hattie (Mrs. O. Hawthorn). L. D. and Harry. Mr. Shoe- 1166 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. maker enlisted, September 27, 1864, in the Civil War, and served in the Fifteenth New York Engineers, and after nine months' service was honorably discharged ; he is a member of the G. A. 11. and P. of H.; politicallv he is a Democrat. MAHLON W. SHORES, teacher, Sheshequin township, P. O. Sheshequin, was born in Sheshequin, this county, April 3, 18G3, and is the only son of Meramon and Mary (Shores) Shores, natives of She- shequin, and of English origin. lie is a descendant of the Shores family, who occupy so important a place in English history, as well as in the history of Bradford county. Our subject was reared on a farm, educated in the common school, Towanda graded school, Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, and AVarner's Commercial College, Elmira, from which he was graduated in 1884. He has taught nine terms of school in Bradford county, and has been salesman in various capacities and in different lines."^ He is in strong sympathy with the Republican partv, but votes purelv on principle and for the best man. HENRY W. SHORTELLE, shoemaker, LeRaysville, was born June 23, 1853, a son of Robert P. and Mary (Finn) Shortelle, the latter of whom, who is still living with her son H. W., was born in Carrick- on-Suir, County Tipperary, Ireland, the third in the family of six children of Stephen and Margaret (Briscon) Finn. She was married, in 1833, to Robert P. Shortelle, also a native of Ireland, and they came to America in 1836, settling at LeRaysville, where the father was employed as superintendent of a boot and shoe department, and after- ward had a shop of his own ; he was for several years overseer of a boot and shoe factory in Elmira, N. Y.; he died November 8, 1859. Thev had the following children : Patrick, born March 17, 1834, died February, 1836; Robert, born 1835, died in infancy; Robert, Jr., born in 1837, died in infancy; Margaret, born 1840, married Perley Coburn, w^ho has been principal of the Elmira Grammer School twenty -six years; Robert (third), born March 30, 1843 (enlisted as clerk in Company I, Sixth Pennsylvania Reserves, in 1861. rose to adjutant's clerk, and his commission of lieutenant arrived the day after his death; he partici- pated in fifteen battles, and was killed at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863, by a grape shot; he was a graduate of Binghamton Commercial School) ; Stephen, born in 1845, died 1850; James E., born in 1847 (was gradu- ated from the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda, appointed cadet at West Point, on recommendation of Judge Mercur, was gradu- ated in very good standing m his class, June 12, 1871, and died at Elmira, on his way home, August 5, same year. Once, when home on a vacation, a young man by the name of Davis, wlio had been in the army, recjuested James to go through the West Point drill to see if it was'the same as in the army ; he did so with an old musket that had lain untouched many years; when the order was given to ''fire" his hand seemed to tremble on the trigger and he refused, but young Davis, who was acting as drill-mastei', stamped his foot, repeating the command; James then fired and killed Davis instantly; as these two young men were the greatest of friends, the incident is sad to relate, and, as it has been often remarked, "the shot killed them both"') .The youngest child is Henry W., born June 23, 1853, a shoemaker by trade, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1167 Avho had a shop for some time in Leilaysville. and has been in the employ of Carl & Pierce several years. The Shortelle family are members of the Roman Catholic Church, and in politics are Republi- cans. Mrs. Shortelle was married, January 25, 1868, to Azariah Champion, a farmer in Pike township; he died December 18, 1884. Mrs. Champion, who is now seventy-four years of age, still takes much interest in all kinds of literature; she is a great reader and an excellent conversationalist, fully up with the times; she is one of those types of true and upright womanhood one always feels better by having met. JOHN ANDERSON SHUMAN, blacksmith. Sugar Run, was born at Tamaqua, Schuylkill Co., Pa., and is the fourth in the family of eight children of George and Mary (McCancey) Shuman, the former a native of Pennsylvania, born of German lineage, and the latter a native of Ireland. He began life for himself at the age of fifteen, blacksmithing with Joseph Geiger, of Mainsville, and after serving an apprenticeship of four years went to Lock Haven, and worked at his trade about three years; then went to Georgia on the Altamaha river, Baird's Bluff, where he remained until 1859, working at his trade; he then returned to Mainsville, where he was engaged at clerking for a time, but resumed blacksmithing, and finally went into the hotel business, in w^hich he remained about a year, when he sold out and moved to Wilkes-Barre, where he continued in the hotel business two years ; then came to this county, and was employed with Kirkendall & Troxel, lumbering two years ; tlience went to Panther's Lick, where he o])erated a sawmill for Sciiurchill ; then went to Foot of Plain, where he superintended the Schrader Land Co's sawmill at that place, until 1874, when he removed to Sugar Run and resumed his trade. In 1887 he went to Wyalusing, Avhere he worked at his trade until the spring of 1891, when he returned to Sugar Run. Mr. Shuman married Amanda Gitling, of Columbia county, who died, leaving one child, Kate M., married to H. G. Gouvier, a produce dealer at Hazleton. Mr. Shuman married, for his second wife, Deborah, daughter of Daniel Wilson, of Wilmot. The subject of these lines is a member of the I. O. O. F. at Sugar Run, the Masonic Lodge at Laceyville, and the Knights of Pythias at Barclay, and in politics he is a stanch Democrat. WILLIAM SHUMWAY, one of the prominent citizens of Spring- Hill, was born, January 17, 1841, on the farm where he now resides. He is a son of Cyrus and grandson of Reuben Shuraway, who came from Steuben county, N. Y., in 1803, and settled near the present vil- lage of Wyalusing. The grandfather spoken of was an old Revolution- ary soldier. When the commander of the Continental forces needed the most trustworthy of his men to guard Maj. Andre, he was the one selected. At another time, when it was deemed necessary that he should perform picket duty at a place where several preceding him had been shot, he said to the officer in charge : " You will hear my gun before morning." That night an Indian, covered with a hog-skin, cautiously approached the sentry, and became a corpse. In every respect a thorough pioneer, he built for himself fourteen log houses, and, as some one has said, '' moved into all the empty ones he could find." 1168 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. He located, in 1805, where William now resides, and took from the land office a Government land warrant for 436 acres, a considerable share of which is still owned by the subject of this sketch, the same having never passed out of the possession of the family. Cvrus Shumway was a man of great physical and mental force. His ambition did not allow him to reach middle age, before he had wrested from the wilderness a valuable home for himself and for those who might succeed him. A large part of this, together w4th much of his native energy, he transmitted to his son. But he gave him a still better inheritance in training him, by both precept and example, to a life of integritv and usefulness. The settlement of Reuben Shumway is believed to have been the first one made in the township of Tuscarora. The descendant occupy- ing these ancestral acres is a man of a thoughtful caste of mind, and of pure truthfulness and honor. Only the generosity of his character has prevented him from being the possessor of large means. Though never an aspirant for public recognition, he has held such positions as are within the gift of his friends and neighbors. In 1874 he materi- ally aided in organizing a Farmers' Mutual Insurance Company, which now, among the citizens of eastern Bradford, has risks in force to nearly $3,000,000. This enterprise has been so conducted as to save its members many thousand dollars. At that time he was given a place at the head of the company as president, a position which he has ever since continued to fill. In 1863, he married Addie, daughter of Ferris Ackley, by whom he has two surviving children, the elder one, Daisy, being a graduate of the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, in the class of '91. His wife dyino- in 1877, in 1884 he was re-married, this time the partner of his choice being Minnie, daughter of George Sumner. Their union has been blessed with three children. In poli- tics, by daring to act "upon the courage of his convictions," Mr. Shum- way has become a leading "Independent" Republican, and is recog- nized, also, wiierevei- known, as one of Bradford county's most pi^ogressive farmers. The family are of French extraction, the original ancestors in this country having been Huguenots, who, on account of religious persecution, came to America in about 1695. It should be added, that in every war waged for the creation or preservation of our institutions, its blood has been rejiresented. HENRY R. SIBLE, railroad watchman, Wysox township, P. O. AV^vsox, was born in Rome township, Bradford Co., Pa., July 16, 1862, and IS the youngest of the four children of Isaac and Alma (Lent) Sil)le, natives of Pennsylvania. He was reared on a farm, educated in the common school aiid in the Towanda graded schools, and began life at the age of sixteen at farming, but at twenty began braking on the Lehigh Valley Railroad. While coupling cars at Sugar Run, November 14, 1885, he received an injury by which he lost the two first lingers of his right hand, and on December 14, 1886, his left arm was badlv crushed while working in the yard at Towanda. As soon as he was sufficiently recovered, he was einployed as watchman by the rail- road companv, and is now stationed at' the East Towanda crossing. Mr. Sible was^ married June 27, 1883, to Miss Sarah, daughter of Isaac HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 11B9 and Elizabeth (Walker) Schoonover, of Standing Stone, this county, natives of New Jersey and Pennsylvania, respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Sible have had born to them two children : Jidna L., born January 19, 1888, and Pearl M., born July 29, 1890. Mr. Sible has always been identified with the Kepubhcan party. A. J. SILVARA. merchant, Silvara, was born in Tuscarora town- ship, this county, August 18, 1828, a son of Manuel and Janette (Marsh) Silvara, the former of whom was born in Portugal, and, when about seventeen years of age, came to America, and worked for a man by the name of Nichols, learning the mason's trade, which he continued about three years, and then removed to the then wilderness of Bradford and located on what is now Spring Hill; there he cleared up a farm, which after a few years' residence he exchanged for wild land around where the hamlet of Silvara now stand. Here he resided nearly fifty years, and was largely instrumental in clearing up and settling the country about him ; he has always been a farmer and lum- berman, and built two of the first sawmills of the section ; by the time of his death he had accumulated a considerable fortune in money besides a large tract of land containing over 800 acres. His family consisted of the following children: Joseph, a doctor (now deceased); B.M., a merchant and banker of Dushore, Pa.; Eliza Ann", married to Robert Cooley (deceased); Theodore,a retired farmer, of Tuscarora township; A.J.; John, w^ho was accidentally drowned in Muncy creek, Pa.; Emily, married to Charles Davidson (deceased); L. B.,a traveling salesman, residing in Sil- vara; E. L., speculator and broker, of Perry, Mich. A. J. Silvara passed his boyhood on a farm, and received a limited common-school educa- tion ; at his majority he began business for himself, adopting farming as an occupation. After fifteen years he entered mercantile business in the hamlet of Silvara, opening' a store in a building where he con- tinued about five years, and then built the room he now occupies, where he has continued in business to the present time, conducting a general store. I]esides his mercantile business he owns about 230 acres of valuable land and various building lots, etc. Mr. Silvara was united in marriage, October 31, 1855, with Margaret E., daughter of Thomas Taylor, a prominent farmer of Tuscarora, and has a family of five children : Cora Edna, married to B. P. Raub, a steam sawmill owner, of Emporium, Pa.; M. T., married ta Francis Bunnell, a farmer, of Wyoming county; T. A., married to Ethna Bennett, a farmer, of Silvara ; Lillie E. and Ilinkley S. Politically Mr. Silvara is a Republi- can, and has filled the various town offices ; in 1870 he was appointed postmaster at Silvara, and with the exception of four years under Cleveland's administration has filled the office since. Mr. Silvara ranks well toward the front among the successful men of the county. WILLIAM R. SIMS, farmer, P. O. Troy, was born in Troy town- ship, this county, November 26. 1842, and is a son of John and Char- lotte (Case) Sims, the former of whom, a farmer by occupation, was born in Wells township, but spent most of his life in Troy townshi]i, where he died at the age of sixty years; his wife was a daughter of Reuben and Statira (Hugg) Case', and granddaughter of Reui^en and Ex]:>erience (Nichols) Case, who settled in Troy township in 1170 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1798; her father was the first white male child born in Tro}' township. To this union were born seven children: William R., Jerusha (Mrs. James Worden), Laura (Mrs. B. Frank Newberry), James, Jane (Mrs. John Mershon), Mary (Mrs. John Soper) and Charles. William R. Sims was reared in Bradford county, and educated in the common schools. In the Civil War he enlisted, October 14, 1861, in Company C, Seventh Fenns3dvania Cavalry; he participated in all the experiences of the regiment, with the exception of six months he was on detached duty; he was promoted to corporal, then to sergeant, and was honorably discharged as second lieutenant at Macon, Ga., August 27, 1865, and mustered out at Harrisburg, Pa., September 14, 1865. He then returned to Tro}^ where he was engaged in farming until 1884. He was then appointed superintendent of the insane department of the County Poor House, which ])osition he filled acceptably six and one- half years. On March 1, 1891, he located in Columbia township, on the farm he now occupies. He married, September 26, 1867, Phebe A., daughter of William and Lucy (Barber) Brewer, of Wells town- ship, and has one son, Frank E. Mr. Sims is a member of the F. & A. M., I. O. O. F., G. A. R. and the Patrons of Husbandry; politically he is a Republican. CHARLES J. SLEEPER, farmer and stockman, Warren township, P. O. Warren Centre, one of the prominent citizens of the county, was born September 9, 1827, a son of John and Abigail (Lathrop) Sleeper, natives of Vermont and Connecticut, respectively, farmers. John Sleeper came to this count}^ in 1820, and located in Warren township, where he married Abigail Lathrop in 1826; he died, August 25, 1865 ; his widow died January 9, 1889 ; their family of children were three in number, viz.: Charles J., John F. (married to Susan Stevens, has two children and resides in the township) and Caroline (Mrs. James A. Nichols), of Warren township. Charles J. Sleeper grew to strong manhood in the old family home, learning more of w(^rk than books, and early commenced farming on his own account; he has prospered well and now owns 100 acres of highly-improved and well-cultivated land, fineh^ equipped with good and substantial build- ings. He was married in Susquehanna county. December 23, 1855, to Jane E., daughter of Robert and Parmela (Baily) Sleeper, natives of Vermont and New Hampshire, respectively, and of English extraction ; they had only one child, Jane E. The famil}' came to this countv in 1865 ; the father died May 20, 1865, the mother on July 4, 1882. ' To Mr. and ISfrs. Charles J. Sleeper were born three children, viz.: Vielda (Mrs. Alfred Day), of Susquehanna county, Silas and Fred. Mr. Sleeper is a Democrat, and during President Cleveland's term he was postmaster at AVarren Centre. The Sleeper family have an ancient and honoi'able record, dating back to the early and prominent people of Bradford county. Mr. Sleeper's father, John, was the son of Robert and Catherine (Fox) Slee])er, natives of Vermont, who both died in 1850; their family of children were ten in number, of whom John was the fifth, in the order of birth. GEORGE B. SLEEI'ER, farmer, Warren (Centre, is a native of Warren township, this county, born April 28, 1844, and is a son of HISTOKY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1171 Joseplmsand Maria (Bowen) Sleeper. His father was a native of Ver- mont, and his mother of Warren township, a daughter of George Bowen. The father, who was a farmer, came to this county in 1818, when it Avas still a wilderness, and heaved away the dark woods to make his farm on which he lived ; he died January 8, 1889 ; the mother died September 5, 1860. Their family consisted of eight chil- dren, viz.: Catherine, Olive, George B., Thomas J., David A., Laura, Robert F. and James D. Their father was twice married, his second wife being Mary E. Bowen, a sister of the first wife, and by her there were two children: AVillie and Mabel. The subject of this sketch, who is the third child in the family by the first wife, grew to manhood in his family, was educated in Warren Centre, engaged in farming and has followed same with eminent success, cleanng his own way to fortune, and is the possessor of I-IO acres of well-tilled and improved land, one of the finest farms m the county ; has also a fine residence in the Centre, where he now lives. He was married here to Mary L., daughter of Caleb and Rebecca (Gofi") Abell, natives of Rhode Island and Massachusetts, respectively ; they had five children, as follows : Nancy B., Sarah A., Caleb T., Mary L. and Lois R. To Mr. and Mrs. George B. Sleeper were born three sons, viz.: Merton A. (a clerk in jSTew York), G. Milton and R03' A. Mr. Sleeper is a Republican , has been elected a justice of the peace for two terms, and has been assessor twice. This is one of the much esteemed families of Bradford county, well known for integrity and industry. JOHN JAY SLOCUM, farmer, Pike township, P. O. LeRaysville, was born in Herrick, this county, September 16, 1848, a son of Micajah and Mary E. (Fairchild) Siocum ; the father was a shoe-maker and farmer, native of Connecticut and of New England origin ; the mother a native of Pennsylvania and of New England lineage. In Micajah's family there were six children, of whom John Ja\^ is the third. He was reared on the farm, educated in the common school, and began life for himself at the age of twenty-one, retailing milk in Bingham- ton, N. Y., w4iere he remained six months ; then worked for P. J. McCauley six months, and worked on the farm with his father, who died September 21, 1877. at the age of eighty -one. Our subject pur- chased the homestead consisting of 165 acres of well-improved land, known as the " Perley Buck farm ; " and has since built two large barns and a dwelling-house. Mr. Siocum was married, February 26. 1875, to Helen A., daughter of Joel and Celinda (Ada) Chilson, of Durell. Her parents and grandparents were early settlers. Mr. and Mrs. Siocum have one child, Hattie A., born January 8, 1877. Mr. Siocum is a brother of Oscar B. Siocum, baggage master for the Lehigh Yalley Railroad at Wilkes-Barre. In politics he is a Republican. WINFIELD S. SLUYTER, farmer, P. O. Towanda, was born February 24, 1855, a son of William A. and Polly (Bennett) Sluyter; his father was a native of Allegany county, N. Y., and his mother of this county, whose ancestors were among the earliest settlei-s, and of German and Irish extraction. Winfield S. was born in this county, and reared on his father's farm, the one on which he now lives. He was married, August 25, 1880, to Mary J., daughter of John and Emma L. 1172 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. (Adams) McQueen, who were of Scotcli and English ancestry. Mr. Sluyter is the seventh in a family of ten children, two of whom, Sylvester and Alonzo, were in the Civil War, where they both died. Mrs. Sluyter is third in a family of ten children, four of whom are living. There have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Sluyter five children, as follows : Anna (died in childhood), Edwin 11. (born June 5, 1882), Frank M. (born July 15, 1883), John B. (born December 14. 1884), Bertha M. (born October 19, 1886).' Mr. Sluyter is a Republican, and takes an active interest in public affairs. He has a fine farm, under a good state of cultivation, and has combined with general farming that of market gardening and the raising of tobacco. The famiW are widely esteemed and prominent in the social affairs of the county. DAVID SMILEY, farmer, P. O. West Franklin, was' born in Can- ton, Pa., September 7, 1822, the son of John and Susannah (Stone) Smiley, of whom the former was bom near Lewisburg, Pa., and the latter in this county. John Smile}'^ was the son of Thomas Smiley, one of the early settlers in West Franklin ;. John had a family of eight children, all of whom grew to maturity, and six of them are now living. David is the eighth in the family, and was reared and edu- cated in Canton and Franklin ; he always lived and worked on a farm ; he commenced with nothing and now has a farm of 120 acres of fer- tile land. On September 23, 1846, he married, in Towanda, Miss Phebe Ann, daughter of Alpheus and Hannah (Kingsbury) Ilolcomb, natives of Connecticut, and who belong to the old class of settlers of LeRoy. To Mr. and Mrs. Smiley have been born four sons and two daughters : Oscar, married to Hattie Newell ; Flora, married to B. M, Walters; Augusta, married to M. R. Foster; O. L., married to Lizzie Taylor; O'Mera, and Jay, married to Blanche Andress. Mr. Smiley entered the army in 1864, and served during the remainder of the con- flict, attached to Company L. T\velfth N. Y. C; Col. Savage com- manding, and now in his old age draws a pension. He has retired from business in favor of his sons, O'Mera and Jay. His son O. L. has been honored with the office of deputy register and recorder, while he himself holds some imj^ortant town offices; he is a member of the G. A. R., in faith a Baptist, and a Republican in politics. - ALVAH C. SMITH, of Smith Brothers & Turner, furniture deal- ers and undertakers, Towanda, was born in Wysox township, this count}'. January 19, 1845, and is a son of John B. and Lucinda (Mor- ton) Smith. lie was educated in the common schools and Susque- hanna Collegiate Institute at Towanda, and since attaining his majorit}' has l)een engaged in farming and dairying. In 1886 he l)ecame a meml)er of the firm of Smith Brothers ted the |)osition he now has. He married, in Paterson, N. .1., April 13, 1873, Miss Mai'garet, daughter of James and Margaret (Taylor) Keeney, natives of Ireland (she is tlie second in a familv of six children, and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1175 was born in Paterson, N. J., in July, 1851). To them were born seven children, viz.: Henry C, Frank E., Joseph (deceased), Charles, Lucy, Mable and William."^ Mr. Smith is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and votes the liepublican ticket. GEORGE G. SMITH, farmer, of Windham township, P. O. Wind- ham Centre. This gentleman has worked his way slowly but surely from the very first round in life's ladder, and is surrounded with a large and influential family and a sufficient competence of this world's goods. He was born in Parry, New York, January 2, 1820, and is a son of Robert and Katie (Shaw) Smith, natives of the same State, and of remote German origin. The father, who was a farmer, departed this life in December, 1826, and the mother in August, 1827; their children were three in number, George G. being the second in order of birth. He had but limited school advantages up to tlie age of twelve, when he came to Windham township, Bradford Co., Pa., where he worked on a farm five years, and then went to Athens, where he learned mill- ing, and remained two years; then tended mil! in Windham, three years; then bought a farm on which he staid two years; when he sold and commenced milling again, tending RusselTs Mill two years ; then moved to Susquehanna county and tended mdl three years, at the end of whicii time he bought the place where he now lives, resumed agricultural pursuits, and now is the owner of a fine farm of 1.50 acres, having divided his land with his children, givingthem the same amount as he retained for himself. Mr. Smith was married in Windham to Annie Webster, daughter of Joseph Webster, and she bore him children, as follows: Robert, Joseph W., Jasper, Elenor (wife of Abel P)ordman), Achsa W. (who married Samuel Harding, died in 1882), George and Annie (wife of Edward Jakeway). The mother of these children dying, Mr. Smith, married, in 1881, at Rock Creek, 111., Mrs. Ruth E. Ellsworth, of whom the following is a brief record : Mrs. George Smith (whose maiden name was Miss Ruth Crandall) was born February 22, 1821, in the town of Windham. Her father, Daniel Crandall, a resident of Greenwich, Washington Co., N. Y., removed to Windham in or about the year 1816. He was one of the pioneer settlers of the town, and carved out a home from the heavily timbered forest of that day. What wus known as the "cold summer" came the year following his settlement in Windham. The frost continued during the summer, and all the crops were ruined. Great suffering followed, and it was with great difficidty that food was procured in sufficient quantity to sustain life. Mr. Crandall was a successful farmer and cleared a large tract of land. His useful life was cut si)ort by a sad accident. Wliile engaged with a large compam^ of neighbors in assisting a sick friend, he was killed by the fall of a tree. Ruth Crandall was the youngest of eight children, and is the only sur- vivor. At the age of twenty years she was married to Mr. Charles Ellsworth, of Orwell, Pa., with whom she lived thirty-three years, or until his death in 1874. To them were born five children : M. L. Ellsworth, a war veteran, at present engaged in business in Wahoo, Neb.; P. F. Ellsworth, a farmer, living in Windham Centi-e ; Fronia Ellsworth, married to Mr. H. J. Lee, one of the leading business men 1170 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. of Nebraska; J. S. Ellsworth, educated at Lafayette College and Union Theological Seminary, and at present pastor of the Congrega- tional Church, Newark Valley, N. Y.; Mira Ellsworth, married to L, E. Chubbuck, of Orwell, now a successful business man of West Point, Neb. The children are all married and settled. Mrs. Smith lived a widow eight years, and was re-married at sixty, Mr. Smith being sixt3^-one. The family are of the Methodist Ejiiscopal Church. Mr. Smith is a Freemason, and has passed all the chairs of his Lodge. Politically he votes the Republican ticket, and has held the office of road commissioner. G. S. SMITH, one of the prominent business men of Towanda, was born in Orange county, N. Y., October 12, 1830, and is a son of Ira and Sally (Crawford) Smith, \vhose nativity was the same, and who were of remote Irish descent, and farmers bv occupation. The father died in 1879, and the mother in 1880; they were intelligent and well- to-do people, who during life drew about them a wide circle of acquaint- ances ami friends, and reared a famih' of ten children that were greatlv respected, and of whom our subject is the fourth in order of birth. The son was with his parents until aged eighteen, and had been given a fair education, when he was apprenticed to the carpenter's trade, which he followed several 3'ears. In 1867, soon after the close of the war, he removed to Towanda, and soon thereafter oi'ganized his pres- ent bottling works, commencing originally in a most limited way, but has built the business to its present enlarged proportions. He was married at Patterson, N. Y., October 1, 18.54, to Miss Julia Decker, a daughter of Ilalsey Decker, of German descent, and to them were born children, as follovvs: Jennie M. (Mrs. I. P. Spalding), and C. Irvin, the latter of whom is employed with his father in their factory. He was born in Orange county, N. Y., February 14, 18-56, and came to this county with his parents when young. He was educated in the higher branches in Towanda Collegiate Institute, and for some time thereafter acted as traveling salesman. He married Anna E. Smith (families entirely distinct), daughter of Stephen W. Smith, of English descent. In this case the father and son are Democrats, members of the I. O. O. F., and the son is an active member of the Towanda Fire Company, and has served as foreman of Hose Comj)any No. 2. The entire family are meml^ers of the Methodist Episcopal ('hurch. J. II. SMITH, farmer, Wyalusing township, P. O. Wyalusing, was born in Sussex county, N. J., January 30, 1835, a son of Fred- erick and Catherine (Probasco) Smith. The father was a native of Bucks county, Pa., and the mother of Holland ; the father is still liv- ing in his ninety-first year, is a farmer and lived many years n(^ar Scranton ; the mother died in 1885, -Ai^Gd eighty. ' J. II. Smith, the subject of this sketch, was reared on his father's farm, and after receiving a common-school education engaged in farming. He enlisted, August 15, 1862, in Com])any I>, One Hundred and Forty- thii-d P. V, I., and served until June 12, 1805, when he was discharged with his regiment; during his military career he partici|)at(M] in the following tjngagements: (yliancellorsville, (lettysbnrg, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, South Anna. Voe River, Cold Ilaj'bor, Petersburg, AVel- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ]177 don Ftuili-oad, Toplar Grove Church and numerous minoi engage- ments; was twice in tlie hospital for sickness, caused by exposure and fatigue. He came to Wyahising in the fall of 1865, and for a few months drove the stage from Wyalusing to Towanda ; then resumed farming and followed that many years. He was united in marriage, April 15, 1866, with Eliza B.," daughter of Samuel and Mary Ann (Overpack) Smith. Her first husband, A. L. Smith, was brother of J. H. Smith, and was killed April 9, 1865, while marching to Appomat- tox; he was a member of Company B, One Hundred and Ninety- ninth P. V. I. ller father, who is a farmer, still resides in Herrick townsliip, now aged eighty-two years. By her first marriage there was born one child, E. W.,\vho married Esther Conklyn ; he is a loco- motive fireman in the employ of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Com- pany, and resides in Sayre; her second marriage has been blessed with four children; Andrew W., Charlie (deceased), Genevieve (deceased), and Geojgie May. The family worship at the Methodist Episcopal Church of Wvalusing; Mr. Smith is a charter member of Jackson Post, No. 74 ; G. A. R., and has filled all the offices, except commander ; in politics he is identified with the Republican party, but has never been an office seeker. JOHN M. SMITH, farmer and stock-grower, Sheshequin, a native of the county, was born February 22, 1837, a son of Isaac and Permilla (Ilorton) Smith. When our subject was but two years old his father died, and he made his home with his grandfather, John M. Smith, in the vicinity of Hornbrook. After his father's ileath his mother mar- ried William Tuttle, is a second time a widow, and resides in Litch- field. When twenty-one years old John M. began farming for himself, on the farm of his grandfather. He enlisted, September 19, 1862, in Company D, Seventeenth Regiment Pennsylvania Cavalry, and served under "Gallant Phil" during his entire time, and was discharged at Point Lookout, May 14, 1865, on account of disability from a wound received while on skirmish duty. He partici|)ated in the battles of Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Second Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Manas- sas, Winchester, the raid down the Shenandoah Valley, Fair Oaks. etc. May 12, 1864, at the skirmish before the battle of Meadow P^ridge, he Avas dismounted and fighting as infantry, when he received a severe wound from a minie-ball, which struck him in the upper arm close to the shoulder, and ranged downward, shattering the bone and lodging above the elbow joint, where it was cut out four days after; but as the bone was shattered to the shoulder joint amputation was impossible. He was in Point Lookout Hospital three months, without hope of recov- ery. When his wife learned of his condition, she reached him and secured a furlough for him. and by assiduous care rendered his condi- tion sucli as to enable her to bring him home, and nursed him through long months of suffering. His furlough was renewed nine times before he could again join his regiment, which he did in the spring of 1865, and served about three months, when he was discharged. The wound has never healed, and he now draws a pension, and feels that his life is due to the heroic devotion of his wife. He purchased, in 1884, the farm he now occupies, which contains twenty-five acres of bottom-land, 1178 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and is well improved. He was married, January 1, 1861, to Sarah, daughter of Benjamin and Christina (Beadle) Shields, natives of New York ; she was born in Otsego county, N. Y., and came to this country with lier parents about 1860, and located at Hornbrook, where her parents died. They iiad a family of ten children, all of whom are living:, and of whom she is the eighth. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have one child, Dellie, who married Isaac Collins, foreman of one of the depart- ments of the Athens Bridge Works. They are members of the Meth- odist Episcopal Ciiurch; and Mr. Smith is a member of Perkins Post, G. A. R.; also a member of the Union Veteran Legion, Encampment No. 28, Athens; politicallv he is a Republican. LESTER S. SMITH, 'farmer, of Tuscarora township, P. O. Lacey- ville, AVyoming county, was born on his present place, January 20, 1853, and is a son of George W. and Polly A. (Wood) Smith, natives of Pennsylvania, and of New England origin. In his father's family were six children: Sheperd (deceased), George (a merchant of Lacev- ville), Sarah E. (deceased), Fred E. (deceased), Emma A. (married to William Overton, a farmer in Nebraska) and Lester S. The subject of these lines began life for himself, farming, at eighteen, on his pres- ent place, which contains about 100 acres of the best farming land in Bradford county, and upon which he has recently erected the finest residence in Tuscarora township. He was married, December 9, 1877, to Miss Eva M., daughter of David H. and Anna (Lacey) Rugg, natives of Pennsylvania, and residents of Tuscarora township. Mr. and Mrs, Smith have two children: Lloyd, born September 28, 1878, and Flor- ence, born January 3, 1882. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are members of the Baptist Church at Lacey ville, of which he is deacon, and in politics he is a pronounced Republican. P. A. SMITH, merchant, Camptown, is the junior member of the firm of Smith Brothers, general merchants, of Camptown. He was born at Skinner's Eddy, Wyoming Co., Pa., May 20, 1850, receiving the benefits of a common-school education, and at the age of fifteen entered the employ of T. B Vosburg as a clerk in a general store at Skinner's Eddy, where he remained until 1878, when he removed to Camptown, and entered the store of C. S. Lafl'erty, a merchant of that place, and remained with him until 1880, when he and his brother, C. C. Smith, ])urchased the business of Mr. Lafferty, which they have enlarged and increased, and still conduct, as is noted in his brother's sketch. He was united in marriage. May 16, 1883, with Lettie J. Fuller, and their union has been blessed with three children : Adah Lenora (born May 29, 1884); Leon A. (born February 25, 1888), and Guy (born January 31, 1889). Mr. Smith is a member of the Baptist Church, and fills the positions of deacon, clerk and trustee of the same; he is a member of the Wyalusing Lodge, No. 503, I. O. O. F.; jiolitically he has cast his lot with the Prohibition party. P. J. SMITH, D. D. S., Towanda, one of the prominent profes- sional men of the borough, was born July 3, 1851, a son of James and Diana (Shores) Smith, Pennsylvanians, and of ancient English descent. The father was a carpenlcn* and farmer, spent the most of his useful life in Sheshequin township, and reared a respectable family HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 117'J of three sons and four daughters, who spent their happy chiklhood on their parents' farm. Dr. Smith was a student in tlie Towanchi Col- legiate Institute, taking a chissical' course and acquiring a thorough knowledge of civil engineering; fi'om his literary school he entered the Pennsylvania University, and was graduated in dental surgery in 1879; in the meantime had taken a two years' course in physic and surgery. lie opened his dental office in 1880, and in 1885 removed to his present office, where he has had unusual success in building up a large and lucrative practice. He was married, in 1885, to Kate, daughter of Adolphus and Jennie (Catlin) SaxLon, a family of English origin, and to them has been born one child, Miles C. Smith. Mrs. Smith is a leading and exemplary member of the Disciple Church. Dr. Smith is a Mason and a Republican. The family are much esteemed in the social circles of the borough aiul vicinity. WILLIAM II. SMITH, senior member of the firm of Smith Bros. & Turner, furniture dealers and undertakers, Towanda, was born in Leavenworth, Ind., December 30, 1839, and is a son of John B. and Lucinda (tlorton) Smith. His paternal grandfather, John M. Smith, was a son of Jesse Smith, a native of Connecticut, who was among the pioneers of Wysox township, this county, where he cleared and improved a farm, 'on which he died. John M. Smith, his paternal grandfather, was a life-long resident of Sheshequin township, a farmer b}^ occupation, and died there. He reared a family of eleven children, of whom John B. was the third child and the third son. John B. was born, reared and married in Sheshequin township, and, with the exception of two years that he lived in Indiana, his life was spent in Bradford county; he died in North Towanda township, in September, 1882; his wife, Lucinda, was a daughter of Elijah Ilorton, a pioneer of Sheshequin township, and by her had six children, viz.: Clark, Rachel (Mrs. G. L. Fuller), William II., Melissa (Mrs. George W. Ilor- ton), Alvah C. and Orris (Mrs. Leslie Mills). William H. Smith, the subject of the sketch, was reared in Bradford county, educated in the common schools, and, on reaching his majority, engaged in farming in Wysox township, until 1870, when he removed to North Towanda, and commenced farming and dairying, in which he is still interested. In 1886 he embarked in the furniture and undertaking business, in Towanda, with his brother, Alvah C, and John C. Turner, and they have built up a successful trade. Mr. Smith married, in April, 1866, Eunice L., daughter of Lewis and Jemima (Shores) Gillett, of Sheshe- quin township, and has two daughters, Mildred and Myra B. Mr. Smith is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of the I. O. O. F., and State Grange ; he is serving his first term as member of the Towanda council, and is a Republican in politics. W. A. AND M. D. SMITH, merchants, Wilawana, were born in Ridgebury, this county, W. A., October 19, 1861, and M. I). Septem- ber 10, 1863. They are the sons of W. H. and Amy J. (Lefter) Smith, the former of whom was born in Genesee county, N. Y., the latter in Ridgebury, Pa. W. II. Smith is the son of Henry Smith, who removed to this county about 181:0, located in Ridgebury, where he died in 1881, at the age of seventv-six vears. W. H. has lived near the 1180 HISTOKY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. old homestead and confined himself to farming in general; his family consists of five sons, all living. The subjects of this memoir, who are the first and second in order of birth in the family, were reared and educated at llidgebury. W. A. attended the High School at Waverly, where he graduated with honor ; afterward taught school several terms, commencing when he was seventeen years of age. In April, 1888, the two brothers commenced business in Wilawana under the firm name of Smith Brothers, carrying a full line of groceries, provis- ions, drugs, farming machinery etc.; they are also commission mer- chants, doing a large business in the shipment of butter, grain, hay, coal, etc. Last year their trade accumulated to $13,000. W. A. Smith married, in Elmira, in March, 1888, Miss Cari-ie, daughter of Edward and Elizabeth Cain. M. D. married June 24, 1891, Miss Clara, daugh- ter of Charles Thomas, at Wellsburg, N. Y. Mrs. W. A. Smith is postmistress, the office being in her husband's store, and this is her third year. AUGUSTUS E. SNEDEKER, of Snedeker & Mitchell, lumber manufacturers, Troy, was born in Canastota, N. Y., November 11, 1840, and is a son of William H. and Eliza (Gray) Snedeker. The father, who was a native of Dutchess count3\ N. Y., settled in Columbia township in 1865, where he has since been engaged in an extensive lumber business; was for many years engaged in general merchandising, and owns a large tract of land ; his children were seven in number: Carrie (Mrs. Jerry Ryan), Cora (Mrs. Charles Mitchell), Jessie (Mrs. Sam Thompson), William Henry, Freddie, Jennie and Augustus E. Our subject, wlio was reared in the State of New York, came to Columbia township in 1805 with his parents, and assisted his father in business up to 1880, when he formed a partnership with his brother-in-law, C. W. Mitchell, in the manufacture of lumber in Troy township, in which he has since successfuU}^ continued ; they turn out 1,500,000 feet of lumber annually, and give employment to twenty hands ; besides their mill at Troy they operate portable mills in different parts of the county. Mr. Snedeker married, June 6. 1890, Julia, daughter- of Mr. and^ Mi's. Patrick Gi-imes, of Troy, and they have one son : John Edward. Mr. Snedeker is an enterprising citizen, and his business is one of the leading industries of Tro}'^ township. Politically he is a Republican. WILLIAM SNYDER, farmer and stock-grower, Sheshequin, was born November 24, 1820, in the house he occupies, a son of William and Hannah (Parks) Snyder, the former of whom was born in New Jersey, of Dutch descent, and the latter was a native of Connecticut, of English origin. His grandfather, Peter Snyder, came from New Jersey and settled in Sheshequin about the year 1789, one of the ear- liest settlers of the valley, on a fai'm, and opened a tanyard, and made saddles and harness, and had a shoe shop at the same time, also a still; he was a well to-do farmer ; the grandson still preserves some of the Continental currency he brought with him. Peter Snyder was twice married, and he left the following children by his first wife: Maria, Jacob and ]\[ary ; by his second marriage: William, Peter, Elizabeth, Catherine, Nancy, John and Benjamin P. Of this family William was HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1181 born Januai'V 19, 1T8;>, and at the age of fourteen coninicnccd work in his father's shop ami tanyard, learnina' the whole business, and bought the yards of his father before he was twenty -one years old. He resided alone for several years, keeping " bach," then married and commenced housekeeping in the house occupied by him prior to his marriage, and continued at that place eight years, and then bought the farm William now occupies. It was improved and owned by Harry and William Spalding. He moved his business to that farm, opened a hotel, and had quife a village around him, but it was destroyed by lire long since ; onlv the farm buildings are left. He gave up all of his business (with the"^ exception of farming) to his son-in-law, and continued farming up to the last year of his life; he died October 12, 1860, aged seventy- seven, leaving a family of nine children — three boys and six girls ; William is the eighth' child ; John P. enlisted in the army and was killed near Orange Grove Court House, A^a., a member of the One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment, P. V. I.; P. W. is a farmer in Litchfield township: of the girls, Polly married Harry Shaw ; Sally married JSTathaniel Moody; Julia married Charles Forbes; Miranda married George Northrup"; Emiline married L. D. Tyrrell; Eliza mar- ried F. G. YanXorstran. AVilliam Snyder spent his boyhood on his father's farm, attending the common school until fifteen years old. He has operated largely in lumber, stock and real estate, and has been eminently successful as\a business man, and now owns 260 acres of 'finely improved land, cultivating it well and breeding graded cattle and horses. He was married October 25, 1854, to Laura M., daughter of Manson and Elmira (Mackey) Elsbree, and they have two children : William M. and Burton E., the former married to Jennie Minier. Mr. Snyder is a member of I. O. O. F., Valley Lodge, No. 446, has passed alfthe chairs, and holds withdrawal card from the State Encampment, Towanda; he has been a stanch Republican since the organization of that party, and has held nearly all the township offices; was justice of the peace twenty-five vears. WILLIAM SNYDER, farmer and dairyman, P. O. Spring Hill, who is among the prominent farmers and business men of the county, was born in Broomecounty, N. Y., August 14, 1843, a son of N. D. and Elizabeth (Richard) Snyder, the former of whom was born in Scho- harie county, N. Y., and was a farmei-, afterward a hotel-keeper four years ; he was proprietor of the hotel at LeRaysville, also a hotel in "Rush, Pa., twenty -eight years, where he died, July 10, 1877, aged sixtv-six years ; his family consisted of nine children, viz.: George, who resides in Owego, N." Y.; A. Y., Peter, David and Margaret (all deceased ; three died the same week of scarlet fever); William; Cathe- rine (married to Isaac Hare, of Rush, Pa.); Ellen (married to George Hissis, of Rush) and David (a farmer of Middletown, Pa.). The sub- ject of these lines received a common-school education, and at the age of twenty-two began business for himself, taking up fa,rming and purchasing 100 acres of the farm he now owns, to which he has since added 100 acres, making in all a tract of 200 acres of well- improved and fertile land. About ten years ago he began extensive dairy operations, using graded and thorough-bred Jerseys ; he now 1182 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. lias a dairy of thirty cows, and ships the cream and milk from his own and several of his neighboi's' dairies to Philadelphia. He was united in marriage, August 21, 1864, with FlRebe Angel, a daughter of John B. Angel, of New York, and this union has been blessed with a family of six children, viz.: N, D., married to Leda Y. Goodell. and resides on his father's farm ; Ida (deceased); Georgie E., Cora, M. B. and Alice, lie is a member of the P. of I., Spring Hill Association; is a member and director of the Tuscarora Insurance Compan\'. Politically he is a Democrat and has filled the various town offices. Besides his farming and dairy o})erations he has been an extensive dealer in stock, also in farm implements and machinerv, and has always been successful. COLLINS W. SOBER, farmer, P. O. Rutland, Tioga Co., Pa., was born, February 2, 1818, in Columbia township, this county, on the farm where he now resides, and is a son of Solomon and Polly (Corey) Soper, formerly of Manchester, Yt., who settled in Columbia township in 1800, locating on the farm occupied by subject, which the father cleared and improved, and there died ; he for some years, in the pioneer days, operated a gristmill on the farm ; his wife was a daughter of Jon- athan Corey, a soldier of the Revolution, who settled in Rutland town- ship, Tioga county, in 1800, and by her he had seven children, as fol- lows: Harriet (Mrs. Naham Havens), Ileman (the first white child born in Columbia township), Harris C, Thomas, William, Collins W. and George. Collins W. Soper was reared on the old homestead, on which he has alwavs resided, and was married, in 1840, to Diadama, daughter of Alexander and Saloma (Daggett) Harris, by whom he has six cliildren : Elwyn, Walter, Ward, Edith (Mrs. Thomas Walker), Edson L. and Charles M. Mr. Soper is one of the prominent and representa- tive farmers of Columbia township, and, with his sons, owns over eight hundred acres of lantl in Columbia and Rutland townships. He gave each of his sons a fine farm, and erected substantial houses for all but one. In 1878, he had his right arm taken off in his sawmill. Though in his seventy- fourth year, he is hale and heart}^ In })olitics he is a stanch Democi-at. WALTER S. SOPER, farmer, P. O. Rutland, Tioga Co., Pa., was born in Columbia township, this county, September 13, 1839, and is a son of Collins W. and Diadama (Harris) Soper. His paternal gran(li)arents were Solomon and Polly (Corey) Soper, who settled in Columbia town- ship in 1800. His maternal grandparents were Alexander and Saloma (Daggett) Harris, both pioneers of Rutland township, Tioga Co., Pa. The subject of these lines was reared in Columbia township, was edu- cated in the common schools, and since attaining his majority has been engaged in farming. He resides on the farm in Rutland, formerly occu|)ied by an uncle, Thomas Soper, who cleared and improv(Hl it. Our subject set out maples and elms for a mile on each side of the road, which have now grown large enough to give a splendid shade, as well as beautifying the propert}', which is all in the possession of members of the So{)er family. Mr. Soper was married April 12, 1876, to Fannie, daughter of Christopher and Achsah Walker, the former of whom was a native of England, and a pioneer Inmborman of War- ren county, Pa. This union was blessed with five children, as follows: HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1183 Rov, Kexford, Ethel, Metta and Rollin. The family are believers in the Baptist faitii. Mr. Soper is a member of the Patrons of IIus- bandr}^, and in politics he is a Democrat. ISAAC D. SOPER, farmer, in Burlington township, P. O. Burl- ington, was born September 3, 1828, in Burlingion, this county, a son of'^David and Polly (Luther) Soper, the former of whom was a native of Connecticut, of English origin. He was a man of influence, and one of the first justices of the peace, in which office he continued twenty-five years. The grandfather, Levi Soper, who was an English- man, "was in the War of 1812, and one of the first settlers in the town of Burlington. Polly So])er was a sister of Enoch Luther, who was also one o° the pioneers of Burlington township; both families cleared large farms from the dense wilderness, and experienced all the priva- tions of a pioneer life. Isaac D. Soper was reared on the farm and eno-aoed in agricultural pursuits, at which he has continued, and is now the owner of a fine farm of one hundred acres under a good state of cultivation. He was married, in 1855, to Charlotte Stuart, of Michigan, by whom he has the following named twelve children: Roena, Ella,'Clara, Horatio H., Isaac N., Cloe, Nettie, Minnie, Lottie, Edith, Dean and Stuart. Mr. Soper was a soldier in the Civil War, in Company B,Two Hundred and Seventh P. V. I., and was in the battles of Petersburg and Fort Steadman, and in several minor engagements; served until the close of the war, being present at the surrender of Lee's army; contracted disease from exposure, and is now a pensioner. He is a member of the G. A. R. and of the I. O. O. F. In politics he is a Republican, and has held several offices of public trust. JOHNE. SOPER, blacksmith, Ulster, was born in North Towanda, this county, December 0, 1864, and is a son of Edwanl O. and Jane E. (Bailey) Soper, natives of this State, of English descent. In his father's family there were ten children, he being the fourth in order of birth ; six of the ten are living, and are in this county. The father was a farmer, and John E. was reared on tlie farm, attending school until fifteen years old, and receiving a fair education. He learned his trade at Burfington, and commenced for himself there in 1888 ; was there two years, when he removed to his present place; he is a skillful mechanic and has a large business. He was married, December 24, 1 889, to Mary E., daughter of John and Charlotte M. Sims, natives of this county ."^ Mr. Soper is a member of the Golden Cycle, and has filled the chair of vice-speaker ; in politics he is a Republican. CHESTER P. SPALDING, superintendent Towanda Gas Works, was born in Athens, this county, October 12, 1818, and is a son of Robert and Aurelia (Satterlee) Spalding, and of the eighth generation of Edward Spalding, who came from England to America about 1632, and settled in Massachusetts. His paternal grandfather was William Miter Spalding, who settled in Sheshequin, this county, in 1788, and afterward resided in Athens and Sheshequin. He married, August 23, 1789, Rebecca, daughter of Gen. Simon and Ruth (Shepherd) Spalding, who settled in Sheshequin, this county, in 1783 ; the issue of this union were ten children, of whom Robert,' father of subject, was the first child and eldest son, and was born July 1, 1790, and was a resident of 1184 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Athens township many years. He enf^uged in farming and lumbering, and in 1840 removed to Wysox township, where he continued in the same business until liis death, and where, for a short time, he was also engaged in general business. He was the father of eleven children, viz.: Cynthia A. (Mrs. F. A. Tyler), Alex H., Chester P., Rebecca (Mrs. S. P. Gore), Lemira K. (Mrs. M. J. Coolbaugh), Israel P., Aurelia (Mrs. Jerry M. Collins), Mary P. (Mrs. C. S. Russell), George, Robert M. and Helen M. (Mrs. William El well, Jr.). Chester P., the subject of the sketch, was reared in Athens, where he received an academical education. He removed to Wysox township with his father in 1840, where he assisted for a time, and afterward engaged in farming until 1851. In the spring of 1852 he located in Rockford, III, and remained there until the spring of 1869, when he returned to Bradford county, locating in Towanda,- where he superintended the building of the Towanda Gas AVorks, and has since been the superintendent of the company. On October 20, 1842, he married Mary, daughter of Allen and Mary (Kingsbury) Smith, of Bath, N. Y., by whom he had three children,' as follows: Florence, Henry K. and Rowena K. He is an attendant of the Ilniversalist Church, and politically is a Republican. HORACE M. SPALDING, produce, coal and plaster dealer, Troy, was born in Canton township, this county, October 7, 1840, a son of Andrew E. and Cynthia S. (Holcomb) Spalding, and is a descendant of Edward Spalding, who emigrated from England to America, in 1832, and settled in Massachusetts. Ilis paternal grandfather, AVilliam P. Spalding, a native of New England, was a pioneer of Canton township, and cleai-ed and improved the farm now known as the ''John Brown Farm," and resided near there until his death in 1877; his wife was Eleanor Watts, by whom he had six children : John, Andrew E., Ezra, James, Ehzabetli( Mrs. Loren Morse) and Jane (Mrs. Richard Hughes), all born in Canton township, Andrew E., in 1811. After reaching manhood Andrew E Spalding engaged in the hotel business, in which he continued to his death, Sei)tember 12, 1857, when he dropped dead in his hotel, the " Canton House,'" at Canton, Pa.; his wife was a daughter of Sterling Holcomb, of LeRoy tov,'nship,this county, and by her had five children : John M., William S., Horace M., Charles E.and Jennie (Mrs. U. J. Manley). Our subject was reared in Canton town- ship, and in early life engaged in farming. In 1872 he located in Troy, where he engaged in the dray business eight years; became a member, in 1879, of the firm of P>eardsley >Sc Spalding, hardware merchants, Troy, which style continued until 1884, then from 1884 to 1890 as Beardsley, Spalding A: McKean, when he retired, and has since been engagetf as a buyer and sliipper of produce, coal and plaster. Mr, Spcilditig married. May 19, 1864, Lovina, daughter of Dr. S. W. and Aman(hi (I>ailey) Shepard,of Troy, and they have four children : Cora A., S. Ilillis, Andrew E. and Fred L. Mr. 'Siialding is a member of the Disciple Church and I. O. O. F.; has always taken an active part in public affairs, was burgess of Troy one term, and councilman eight years; in Dolitics he is a Repui)licaii. -MAJO'R ISRAEL P. SPALDING'S lirst ancestor in America was Edward Spalding, who came from England about 1630-33, and settled HISTORY OF BRAUFORI) COUNTY. 1185 in Braintree, Mass. Ilis father was Kobert Spaldino-. a native of what is now Bradford county, who was born July 1, 1700, and was married, July 2, 1814, to Aurelfa Satterlee, by whom he had eleven children; he was the S(m of William (Wilter) Spalding, a native of Connecticut, who settled in what is now Sheshequin, in 1788, and married, August 23, 1789, Eebecca, daughter of Gen. Simon Si)alding, of Sheshequin. Wilham (Wilter) died in 1845; he was a son of Oliver, son of Ephraim, son of Edward, son of Benjamin, son of Edward Spalding, first above mentioned. Major Spalding was born in Athens, this county, January 22, 1825, and was the sixth child and third son of Robert and Aurelia (Satterlee) Spalding; he was married, December 21, 1852, to Euth E. Cooley, daughter of Alva Cooley, of Myersburg. His life was spent on the farm until the breaking out of the Civil War. In 1862 he took an active part in enlisting men for the One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment, P. V. I., and was elected captain of a company from his own neighborhood, and on the organization of the regiment, August 29, 1862, he was elected major, and served in that capacity until his death. He received a slight wound at the battle of Chancellorsville, and on July 2, 1863, at Gettysburg, was twice wounded in the same leg, aminie-ball shattering his ankle-joint, and another passing through the fleshy part of the thigh; exposure and the complication arising caused his death, on July 28, following. Major Spalding was a special favorite of his regiment, and his loss was universally mourned ; he was buried near his home in Wysox, August 2, 1863; his children were three in number, viz.: Ella, Fred and Israel P., Jr. JOSEPH E. SPALDING, farmer, P, O. Franklindale, was born in Franklin, this county, July 22, 1826, a son of William B. and Delight (Spalding) Spalding, the former a native of Sheshequin, the latter of Plainfield, Conn. William B. was a son of Jolm Spalding, who was one of the first settlers in Sheshequin; John was the son of Simon Spalding, a colonel in the Revolutionary Army under Gen. Washington. John Spalding and his future wife, Miss Wheatley Gore, were in the Wyoming massacre, but escaped by a hasty flight. In after years they returned to and settled in the Wyoming Valley, and after the lapse of a few years the two families removed to Sheshequin, where John Spalding and Miss Wheatley Gore were married. They had fourteen children — eleven sons and three daughters — and the son Harry was the first male child born in Sheshequin. William Spalding, his son, was born August 24, 1786, and about 1810 commenced business in Franklin, in partnership with his brother Noah, in the milling and lumber business. William was the first who discovered coal in Barclay town- ship, in 1812. He married. May 20,1816, Delight Spalding, of Canton, and their family consisted of five children: Sarah (deceased), Ezra (deceased), Hannah, Joseph E., and Anna. AVilliam, at the time of his residence in the county, is reported to have been the oldest male in Bradford county; he lived in Franklin until 1846, when he went to Texas to visit a*^ brother, where he died, at Corpus Christi, September 10, 1847. Joseph E. Spalding was reared in Franklin and educated at various schools, si)en(ling some time at Mannington, in Susquehanna county, and also at Cazenovia, Madison Co.. N.Y.; he finished hiseduca- 1186 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. tion at Towanda, where he also learned surveying, which he has followed from 1847 to the present time. At the age of thirty he married, at LeEoy, January 31, 1856, Miss Louisa, daughter of Mr. Kelder, of Onondaga county, N. Y., by which marriage there were three children : Susie M. (born August 24, 1857, married Martin Kerry), Anna Delight (born March 4, 1860, married C. M. Fanning), Wm. S. (born July 22, 1861, married Mrs. Sarah Curtis), the latter residing in Montana and reported to be very wealthy. Mr. Spalding entered the army during the Civil War, October 24. 1862, as sergeant of Company C, One Hundred and Seventy-first Pennsylvania Drafted Militia, for a term of nine months; then re-entered the army, in September, 1864, in Com- pany B. Third ISTew York Artillery, to serve one year ; was honorably discharged from both commands, and now draws a pension. He has retired from active business life, and is at present living with his daughter, Mrs. Martin Cary. He is a member of the F. and A. M., I. O. O. F. and G. A. K.; is a Kepublican, and has held the oflice of county surveyor six years, also other town offices, such as road commis- sioner and school director. ELIJAH CICERO SPENCER, farmer, of Wysox township, P. O. Wvsox, was born in Bridgewater, Susquehanna Co., Pa., January 15, 1817, a son of Neimiah and Elizabeth (Swan) Spencer, natives of Connecticut, and of English lineage. We find in this family some- tiiing that few heretofore have known Bradfoi-d county to possess — a branch of the famous English Spencer Family. Gen. Joseph Spen- cer, of Revolutionary fame, was the grandfather of Elijah C; he was also of the wife of Lewis Cass, who was candidate for President in 1860. Dr. Ichabod Spencer, of Brooklyn, N. Y., and Hon. Joshua Spencer, of Utica. X. Y., are also branches of this family. The con- nection of the different branches of this family in England and Amer- ica is shown beyond a doubt in a letter to Jared Sparks by Charles Sumner, in which he was assisted by the Earl of Spencer ; and in which he also relates the convivial relations that existed between the Washingtons and the Spencers. After leaving Connecticut. Neimiah resided in many different places, at brief intervals, and in 1810 came to Orwell; he subsequently lived in Sheshequin,and finally in Wysox; was killed, in 1839, by a horse, which he was riding on Main street, Towanda, falling on him. In his family there were eight children, of whom our subject is the youngest. Elijah Cicero Spencer began life for himself in his early ""teens," working on a farm and in sawmills until lie was sixteen; then engaged with Martin Ridgebury, of AVvsox, to learn the shoemaker's trade ; he renuiined with him three years, and one year with A. A. Bishop. He followed this occupation to some extent for thirty years, at the same time clearing and tilling a farm of 111 acres, which he purchased in 1842, frecpiently working in the field all dav and on the l)ench until midnight. Mr. Spencer was married. December 5, 1841. to Mary Jane, daughter of John and Polly (Lent) P>ull. natives of Orange county, N. Y., and they have nine children, as follows: (leorge P.; L^wy (^. born March 31,1845, a farmer, in Wvsox townshij) ; Mary Ellen, l)orn May 3,1848; John Clayton, born" January 26, 1850, a miller, of AV^atertown, S. Dak.; HISTORY OF BRAUFOKD COUNTY. 1187 Joseph Cborn October 10, 1852, died June 30,1885; Tliomas A., born April 17, 1855, a carpenter in Chicago, 111.; William L., born January 14, 1858, an employe of James Shalor, Towanda, Pa.; R. Reed, born January 30, 1861, an employe of his brother, J. C., at Watertown, S. Dak., and Emma I., born May 12, 18(i3. The Spencer family are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Pond Hill, of which Mr. Spencer has been trustee thirty years and steward twenty-five; he is an earnest advocate of the principles of prohibition, and has done much for the advancement of education in Bradford county, nearly all his children being teachers. GEORGE P. SPENCER, farmer, P. O. Wysox, was born, August 28, 1842, on the farm where his father now resides, a son of Elijah C. and Mary Jane (Bull) Spencer. In his father's family there were nine children, of whom he is the eldest. He spent his boyhood on the farm, and in attending the common school and select schools ; began life for himself at the age of twenty-one, teaching, which he has fol- lowed to some extent since, having taught, in all, twenty-one terms. From 1865 to 1868 he clerked in a tea store and in a gents' furnishing goods establishment in Jersey City, and in 1884 he purchased his pres- ent home of fourteen acres. On November 27, 1872, Mr. Sjiencer married Hannah M., daughter of Edward C. and Lydia (Horton) Vought, of Ghent, natives of Pennsylvania, and they have one child, Edward C, born March 16, 1882. Mr. and Mrs. Spencer are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Myersburg. He is a Prohibi- tionist, and has been auditor of Asvlum. HORACE SPENCER, farmer m West Burlington township, P. O. West Burlington, was born September 1, 1841, at Providence (near Scranton), Pa., a son of Horace and Hannah (Denton) Spencer, natives of Dutchess county, N. l(i ^"^^ of English origin ; they removed to Pennsylvania and experienced all the privations of pioneer life, as tillers of the soil ; they reared a family of nine children, seven of whom grew to maturity. Horace, who is the fifth in the order of birth, was reared on the farm, and hassuccessfully followed agricultural pursuits. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company C, One Hundred and Forty- first P. V. I., and served until the close of the war, participating in several battles; was finally made a bugler of the regiment, and was present at Gen. Lee's surrender, serving in all nearly three years. He is a pensioner. Mr. Spencer was married, November 14, 1866, to Elvira A. Johnson, of Granville, who was born November 19, 1845, only daughter of George A. and Lemira (Ballard) Johnson, who were among the pioneers of Granville. Mr. and Mrs. Spencer have had born to them four children: George A., Alfred C, Myra and Floyd. He is the owner of two farms — the homestead of 100 acres, and another near it of LOO acres, on which he carries on a fine dairying business, also raises sheep. Mr. Spencer has been well known many years as a teacher of singing schools. Politically he is a Republican, and has held several offices of public ti'ust. He is much respected by the entire communitv^ JAMES EDWIN SPENCER, farmer, P. O. West Burlington, was born, January 21, 1835, in Dutchess county, N. Y.,a son of Horace and 1188 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Hannah (Denton) Spencer, natives of that count}', born of Enghsh extraction, and farmers by occupation ; they removed to Pennsylvania when James E. was a hid of live 3'ears of age, and settled near Scran- ton, where they had a farm, and reared a family of nine children, of whom our subject is the second in order of birth, and six are still liv- ing ; the father died, October 8, 1882, at the age of seven t^y-two years, and the mother, August 15, 1891, aged eighty-two years. Mr. Spencer was reared a farmer, and removed to Bradford county in 1850, settling on his present farm in "West Burlington township in 1860, which was then a wilderness. B}'^ strictest economy and great perseverance he has accumulated a fine propert}', the farm consisting of 100 acres, on which he has built one of the finest residences in the town. Mr. Spencer was twice married: first time to Catherine Brown, by whom he had three children : Mertie, Hattie and Dewntt; she dying in 1874, he was afterward married to Charlotte Whitehead, of Burlington, to whom have been born children, as follows : Hezekiah, Jay E. and Benjamin H. Mr. Spencer is a Eepublican.but gives his attention more to busi- ness than to politics. He is a member of the Patrons of Husbandrv. FRANK H. S PONS LOR, proprietor of the " Canton House," Can- ton, is a native of Mechanicsburg, Pa., born March 5, 1852. His par- rents were David and Susan (Breinizer) Sponslor, also natives of Penn- sylvania; the father, who was a stock-dealer and dealt quite extensively in horses, died in Mechanicsburg, Pa., in 1868, in his fifty-first year; the mother died in Warrensburg, Mo., in 1888, in her sixty sixth year. Erank H. Sponslor. who is the fifth in order of birth in a family of six chiUlren, was i-eared in Mechanicsburg, and received a public-school edu- cation; went to Altoona in 1870 and worked in the Pennsylvania Kail- Iload Company's Passenger Car Shops three years; then went to Hazel- ton and worked in the sash and door factory about six months, after which he engagetl in the glassware and notion business with Erank Fullerton, under the firm name of Eullerton and Sponslor, and they continued in business a little over a year, when Mr. Sponslor moved to St. Louis and traveled for a short time in the West. Returning to Ilazelton by way of New York, he embarked in the grocery business with his brother-in-law, James Gilmore, which continued two years; he successively took charge of hotels at the following places: I);iuj)hin, Middleton and Bethlehem; he then removed to Canton in August, 188-1, and took charge of the " (Canton House." Mr. Sponslor was married in Reading, Pa., October 17, 1881, to Saraii, (hingiiter of Benjamin and Annie (Ilockei') Myers, natives of I)auj)hin county. Pa.; her father is a farmer and resides in Dauphin county. Mrs. Sponslor is the eldest of six children; she is a member of the Presbyterian Cliurch. Mr. Spons- lor is a member of the E. & A. M., Canton Lodge, No. 415; Troy Chapter, No. 261; and Canton Commandery, No. 64; politically he is a Democrat. JOHN I). S(^UIRES. retired farmer, was the first chiUI born in Herrick township, tliis county, south of the State road. He was born January 2, 1821, a son of Charles and Mary (Webb) Squires, natives of Connecticut. The father, who was a blacksmith, came to this county in 1815, and located in Asylum township; then in 1820 removed HISTORY OF BRADFOHI) COUNTY. 1189 to Ilerrick, when the country was ahnost an unl)roken wilderness; he crossed the river on the ice, and had to cut a road through the w^oods nearly two miles; his first log-house was 20x30 feet, and contained two rooms, with one window in each room, six panes, 8x10, a fire- place at each end, and a Dutch oven built in the house ; the first winter the chimneys were built onU^ to the joist, and an aperture was left in the roof for escape of the smoke; the house was made almost without nails, the rafters and sheeting were ash poles split and fastened with iron nails made at his forge; the roof was of white split pine boards, fastened with poles. The first night after moving into this house the whole roof was broken in by snow and lodged on the joist. This was a primitive log cabin, gotten up and furnished in the most primitive manner; the bedstead was of white pine split from the log and nailed together with nails manufactured at his own forge ; he also made all the tools used by him at his trade and on the farm, such as axes, hoes and rakes. Mr. Squires has in his possession a gricklle over one hundred and thirt}^ years old. To plant the firsfe crops in this wilderness they cleared'the trees and brush from the land, and with axes and hoes worked the dirt loose among the roots and deposited their seed, covering the same with what loose earth they could scrape up, and, with exception of occasionally pulling the weeds, this was all the cultivation the crop received, but "^therti was an abundant yield. There were no school- houses in the neighborhood until after his tenth birthday, when his father and neighbors, Isaac Camp, Warren C. Granger and William Gamble, erected a small log-house, which was used as a school and church many years. Hannah Smith was tlie first teacher, and at the close of school she married Joseph Camp; the first sermon he remem- bers was preached at his father's house by Levi Baldwin, a Baptist minister. He was ten years old when he first commenced to attend school about two months in the year until he was twenty-one, and very early engaged in lumbering, rafting, clearing and farming; he has' cleared a large amount of land and fitted it for the plow. In 1844 he purchased the farm now owned by Mr. Camp, then wild land, and sold it in 1864. Mr. Squires was married in 1845 to Eliza, daughter of Rev. Levi Baldwin, and to them were born six children, four of whom died in infancy ; the survivors are Levi S. and Gideon P., the latter of whom married Harriet Whipple, of Standing Stone. Levi S. Squires was born in Standing Stone, Pa., September 2'S, 1846 ; attended the common schools of the county until twenty, farmed until 1890, and studied theology during his leisure hours. In 1888 he received a, call, and is a prominent Baptist minister, ordained Septem- ber 0, 1890, as pastor of the South Au'oui-n Baptist Church, of which he is now pastor. He was married October 33, 186Y, to Mary M., the youngest in the family of six children of Joseph and Mary (Molyneux) Pardoe ; to them has been born one child, Eva J., who was educated in the common schools of Bradford county, and at the Keystone Acad- emy, Factoryville, finishing at Bucknell University, Lewisburg. Pa.; she was lilletl with a desire to become a foreign missionary from her fourteenth year, and was educated with that design. On Septem- ber 26, 1890, she started, fully equii)ped for her liek] of labor in Burmah, 70 1190 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUXTY. and she is now there earnestly engaged in her work. Mr. John D, S(iaires is a member of the Baptist Church; in politics a Prohibitionist, and has held several township offices; his son Levi S. is a Republican. PEMBROKE S. SQUIRES, farmer, P. O. Ballibay, was born December 23, 1829, on his present farm, which was the home of his father, Charles Squires. He attended the common schools until his fourteenth year, since which time he has devoted his life to farming, lumbering and threshing. In 1853 his father gave him the homestead, and he executed to him a bond and mortgage to support and care for him the remainder of his life, paying to the other heirs their share in the estate, in all 100 acres, to which he has since added eighty-nine, and built his present residence in 1863, and the barn in 1869. Mr. Squires is the son of Charles and Mary (Webb) Squires, natives of Massachusetts and Connecticut, respectivel3\ The mother was a daughter of Santhare Webb (born August 9, 1790), and she was married November 10, 1810, in her native place. Mr. and Mrs. Charles Squires came from there to Asylum townsliip, this county, in 1815; in 1820 moved to Ilerrick township, and improved the family homestead, where they spent the remainder of their long, useful and honorable lives. Charles Squires was born September 15, 1787, and died Janu- ary 29, 1865, aged seventy-seven; liis consort, Mary Squires, died July 12, 1866, aged seventy-six. They were the parents of thirteen children, and left, living, four daughters and five sons, twenty grandchildren and two great-grandchildren. When Mr. Squires came to the new country he was a skilled black- smith, and so worked in connection with his farm many years. The family were exemplary members of the Baptist Church."^ Nearly fifty years this brave man and his wife lived in the wild wilderness, to the reclaiming of which were devoted their strong and brave energies. They were in the far front of the little band that hewed the way in the primeval forests. He located and cut out the high waythat now runs from Cam))town to Smithboro, and he assisted in much of theearly-dav surveying in this region about. Their pilgrims through the woods on foot or with oxen teams; the encampment by the babbling brooks on the mountain side; the first log-house; going long days' journeys to mill, and the little onesAvaiting the return for their supper porridge ; the long intervals of visits from distant neighbors; tlie dreary silence, so often only awakened by the hungry wild beasts' terrifying cries — these were some of their experiences. Mr. S(|uires, among other inci- dents, would tell of his returning home just after dark, when suddenly appeared before him in the patli a panther. The animal would walk along-side of him; when Mr. Squires would stop, it would also stop, and when he would go on, it would also, and only when almost at his cabin did the panther turn off and disappear. Mrs. Squires, going on one occasion to the stream to wash, ., daughter of Edward J. and Emaline (Potter) Eastabi'ook, of Englisli lineage, and they have the following children: Walter B., born February 10, 1873, head sawyer in his father's mill; Fred E., born May 21, 1877, and Floyd R., born January 2, 1885. Mr. and Mrs. Stevens are members of the Presbyterian Church, and he is a Republican in politics. GEORGE W. STEVENS, farmer, Pike township, P. O. Stevens- ville, was born, April 3. 1867, on the farm where he now resides, the only child of Aeden and Lucy (Van Gorden) Stevens, natives of Penn- sylvania, and of New England origin. He was reared on a farm, educated in the common-scliool, and at Nicholson. Pa. He began life for himself at sixteen, on his present farm of seventy-nine acres, which he inherited from liis father. Mr. Stevens married. May 11, 1880, Miss Mary, daughter of Sylvester and Delia (Terry) Powers, natives of Pennsylvania, also of New England origin, and her grand- parents were among the eai'l}' settlers in Pike township. They have HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1197 one child, Earl A., born November 2, 1890. Mr. Stevens is a member of the Farmers' Association, and is a Kepublican in politics. JOEL STEVENS, farmer, P. O. Macedonia, was born Februai'y 7, 1828, in Standing Stone, this county, a son of Asa and Tha^be ( Vought) Stevens, former of whom was born in Luzerne county, Pa., and latter in Peekskill, N. Y. Joel Stevens was reared on his father's farm, educated in the schools of his native town, learned the carpenter's trade, and was a contractor and builder over fifteen years. He was married, January 8, 1863, to Sarah, daughter of George and Eebecca (Terry) Gordon, whose ancestors were among the pioneers of the county, coming here in an early day and settling at Terrytown. To Mr. and Mrs. Stevens were born children, as follows : George, born December 2. ISBi, married to Alice G. Cole; Augusta L., born Septem- ber 24, 1866; Mary E., born March 8, 1870; Joseph M., born July 5, 1872; Thomas E., born December 10, 1874, of whom the first three were born in Standing Stone, and the two latter m Asylum. The great-grandfather of subject was killed by the Indians a few days before the massacre at Wyoming, and Grandfather Stevens, who was born in Canterbury, Conn., was a soldier in the Revolutionary Army, enlisting when but fourteen years of age. Mr. Stevens is a Democrat, and has held many places of public trust; he has been a school director twenty ^^ears, and at the present time is town auditor. He is a popu- lar man with both political parties, and is respected by a wide circle of friends. JONATHAN B. STEVENS, farmer. Pike township, was born February 18, 1838, the second of three children of Henry L. and Martha (Brink) Stevens. He was reared on a farm and educated in the common school, beginning life for himself at the age of twenty-one, farming, which occupation he has since followed except while in the army. He enlisted at Towanda, August 2-4, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment P. V. I., and was mustered out April 24, 1863, on surgeon's certificate of disability. Mr. Stevens was married. May 27, 1863, to Miss Sarah C, daughter of Nathan and Delia M. (White) Rockwell, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and the latter of New York ; they have one child, Ella M., born October 25, 1864, married to F. E. Eastabrook. Mr. Stevens is a stanch and life- long Republican. OLIVER W. STEVENS was born in Stevensville, Pike township, this county, January 15, 1831, on the old homestead farm of his grand- father, Coi. Aden Stevens, one of the early pioneers of the Wyalusing valley, who purchased and settled upon it in the year 1794. and now is owned and occupied by E. Lacey Stevens, having been kept continuously in the family for three generations, and almost one hundred years. Col. Aden Stevens was the son of Peter Stevens, of New Milford, Conn., a Revolutionary soldier, who was wounded at the capture of Danbury, from which he died August 6, 1779, leaving a large family of children, of which five subsequently settled and raised large families in Pike township. Two of his sons. Col. Aden and Nathan, came to the present site of Stevensville in 1794, and jointly purchased some five hundred acres of Capt. Bronson, lying on both sides of the Wyalusing 1198 HISTOEY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. creek, under the Connecticut title, paying for the same one hundred pounds (money) in g-old. The Pennsylvania title was purchased of John B. Wallace and others about 1814. They, after a few years, divided tlieir land, and each established for himself a good home and a fair competency, besides raising- large families and [)aying for their land twice. Col. Aden Stevens was commissioned colonel of the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Regiment of Pennsylvania Militia, Second Brigade, Ninth Nivision, composed of the counties of Northumberland, Lycoming and Luzerne, September 9, 1805. During the War of 1812 he was ordered to Northumberland, but peace was declared before he took part in any engagement. He was a very active, energetic man, a deacon of the Presbytei'ian Church, of which he was a member over fifty years. A stanch Whig, he held several important positions of trust,' and he died at his home July 28, 1858. He married, November 14, 1796, Anise Warner, and had five children, as follows: Oliver W., Hiram, Cyrus, Anne and Sally. Anise (Warner) Stevens died Feb- ruary 6, 1814, and February 16, 1815, he married Rebecca P. Somers, bv whom he had three children: Philena, Louis (died in infancy) and Peter. Oliver W. went to Ohio in 1819, was a merchant in Cincinnati for some time, and engaged in steamboating on the Ohio, Mississippi and Missouri rivers. In or about 1850 he went to California, engaged in banking, and died there a few years since. He was a very successful business man, and amassed a large fortune. Hiram settled upon a farm in Stevensville, was a successful farmer, a devout Christian, and died a few years since, beloved and respected by all who knew him. Cyrus, the father of Oliver W., remained on the homestead farm. He was educated in the common schools, and had the advantage of a thorough home training. With a natural taste for letters, he acquired a general fund of information and knowledge of the sciences that has often put to blush the college graduate. He was a man of modest mien, never forcing iiis views or opinions (which were very decided) upon others. He held a ca[)tain's commission in the militia, was post- master at Stevensville for some twenty years, and held several town offices. He was a ready writer, as many of his published articles will attest; a Presbyterian by faith and profession; a strong Whig in early life, later a stanch liepublican, and after a fairly successful life he died February VZ, 1890. Anne married Abel Bolles; Sally married Elkanah Bolles; Philena married Elisha Lewis; Peter went West and died in Kansas. In 1830 Cyrus Stevens married Lydia Ann, daughter of P^benezer and Zeruah (Xorthru])) Lacey, of Laceyville, Wyoming county. She was the eldest of ten children, six of whom are now living, C^'rus and Lydia Ann Stevens were the parents of eight children, as follows: Oliver W.; Lucretia and Maria died young; Lvdia Philena was married to Charles Ingham, who died, and she afterward married EUicott A. Ingham, and lives in Iowa; E. Lacey Stevens remains on the homestead, and is one of the mercantile firm of Ross. Stevens & Jones, of Stevensville; Zeruah is the wife of James Avery; Louisa was married to Dr. Frank Taylor, and died in her thirtieth year; Dr. Cyrus Lee Stevens lives in Athens. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1199 Oliver W. Stevens, the subject of tliis sketch, attended the common school in Stevensville, and the Academy of LeRaysville, also Owego Academy, and when about twenty years of age began the practice of surveying and civil engineering, teaching school winters for a number of years. In 1852 he purchased a farm near LeRaysville and located there. In 1859 he sold his farm and purchased the Hill Side farm in Herrick, to which he moved and where he has since resided, a few acres of the same being the first improvement made in the township. There are now thrifty bearing apple-trees thereon, which were set oat pre- vious to 1805. ^ The house was built by one Sabins, in 1810, being the oldest remaining house in the township. Mr. Stevens was elected county surveyor in 1868, and has held various township offices. He is a member of "^the Presbyterian Church, of Stevensville, and in politics is a Republican. He married, May 22, 1854, Susan E., the youngest of eight children of John and Marinda (Stone) Ingham, and born November 20, 1832. They had five children : Manning R., born May 15, 1855, died in infancy; Susan, born May 11, 1857, died young; Lydia Marinda, born October 14, 1858; Harvey Ingham, born February 1. 1861, and Cyrus Aden, born July 21, 1864. Susan E. (Ingham) Stevens died July 27, 1875, and Mr. Stevens married. March 8. 1881,lTraniah L., the eldest of ten children of Ira L. and Henrietta (Carman) Brown, born at Sugar Hill, Wilmot township, April 15, 1855. They have one chiUl, Susan Uraniah Stevens, born julv 18, 1883. PHILANDER G. STEVENS, retired farmer, Columbia township, P. O. Sylvania, was born in Burlington township, this county, January 1, 1832, a son of Joel and Celestia (Ballard) Stevens; his paternal grandfather was formerlv of Massachusetts, and was a pioneer of' Troy township, this county, while his maternal grandfather, Nathaniel Ballard, was a native of Vermont, and son of John Ballard, both of whom were pioneers of Burlington township. Nathaniel, with a brother John, made the first clearing in Columbia township in 1796-97. He returned to Burlmgton township soon after, and in 1833 again located on the farm now owned by our subject, and resided there until his death, which occurred November 1, 1861, when he was aged eighty-three years; he was born December 27,1787. The father of our subject was a native of Spencer, Tioga Co., N. Y., but was reared in Burlington township, this county, and settled in Columbia township in 1853, where he cleared a large part of the farm now owned by our subject, and died there in 1880. at the age of eighty years; his children were: Harriet (Mrs. William G. Bradford), Nathaniel, Philander G., Susan (Mrs Alvin Furman), Lydia (Mrs. David Wherler) and Myron. Philander G. Stevens was reared in Columbia township, where he has always resided. In 1853 he married Achsa, daughter of James and Louise (Strait) Parsons, of Columbia township, and has one daughter, Harriet (Mrs. Fred D. Bedford). Mr. Stevens is a prominent and influential citizen of Columbia, a member of the I. O. O. F., and in politics is a Democrat. SILAS W. STEVENS, farmer, Pike township, P. O. Stevensville, was born April 5, 1830, in Pike township, this county, a son of Nathan and Phoebe (Scoville) Stevens, the former a native of Connecticut, 1200 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and the latter of Pennsylvania. In their family there were nine chil- dren, of whom Silas W. is the fifth. He was educated in the common school, and began life for himself at tiie age of twent\'-one. After one year spent on a farm, he learned the blacksmith's trade, which he followed five years; then resumed farming, which he has since fol- lowed. His present home of two hundred acres was inherited. Mr. Stevens was married, December 15, 1803, to Henrietta A., daughter of George N. and Elizabeth (LocUwood) Stevens, and they have two chil- dren : Harr\^ S., born Januar}^ 16, 186(), married, December 19, 1888, to Emma Harris (and they have one child, Ina M., born October 18, 1889); Louie, born July 30, 1877. About 1791, Aden and Nathan, Sr., Ste- vens located on the farm now owned by E. Lacey Stevens, and an adjoining farm , and soon thereafter their brother Samuel settled where H. U. Jones now lives, and a half-brother, Jonathan Stevens, where Silas W. now owns. Aden was once tax collector, and went to AVilkes-Barre (then the county-seat) with the taxes of Pike town- ship, amounting to something less than three dollars. Mr. and Mrs. Stevens and their son, Harry S., are members of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics are Democratic. Mr. Stevens was postmaster four years under Cleveland's administration, and is at present a school director, and a member of the Patrons of Industry. Harry S. Stevens is also a member of the Patrons of Industrv. WILLIAM V. STEVENS was born "in Orange county, N. Y., June 28, 1819, and died February 4, 1878. He was the fifth of ten children of Jeremiah and Nancy (Smith) Stevens, and he was reared by his aunt, Mrs. Isaac Wells, of Southport, N. Y. He came first to Bradford count}' in 1846, working as a millwright at Mason's mill ; then lived in Elmira until 1859, when he located on his present home, which he rented until 1867, when he purchased it, and placed the present buildings thereon. Mr. Stevens was married, May 11, 1847, to Miss Julia A., daughter of Joseph and Mary (Mason) Griggs, and this union was blessed with seven children, viz.: Mary E., born Mav 24, 1848, married to Winheld Scott; Eugene W., born November 21, 1849, liv- ing at home; Joseph F., born July 16, 1853, married to Emma Ennis, of Liberty Corners, by whom he has two children, and resides at Gaines, Pa.; Oscar L., born September 17, 1855, em[)loyed in the toy factory at Towanda (he married Elizabeth Allen, of Laddsburg, by whom he has three children), Emily L., born September 19, 1862, is at home; Willis E., born A])ril 19, 1865, is engaged in the toy factor}-^ at Monroeton ; and Charles ^^, born March 21, 1873, died December 6, 1882. The family have always been identified with the Presbyterian Church, and are Republicans in politics. IlEV. JOHN STEVENS STEWART, D. D., the present pastor of the First Presbytei-ian (/hurch of Towanda, began his labors in this congregation March 1, 1870, and is therefore in the twenty -second year of his service in thischui-ch. Or. Stewart was born at Jenkintown, Pa., April 1, 1835, the youngest of a family of nine children. His father, Ardemus Stewart, was born in what is now Philadelphia, and came of Scotch ancestry. His mother, Eliza (Dillion) Stewart, was born at Abington, Pa., of French blood on her paternal, and of German blood HISTORY OF 15RADF0IID COUNTY. 1201 on her maternal, side. The farm on which her father and mother began their married life 100 years ago was retained by her until her death, in 1887, and is still, in part, held by her children. The early life of the subject of this sketch was spent in Jenkintown, but when he was fourteen years of age his parents removed to their farm at Abington. He was able here to gratify his predominant tastes for communion with nature, and for books. His early reading was mainly in the line of belles-lettres; and especially did he become acquainted with the great English poets. In the two years of his farm life, he mingled jiloughing with poetry, and hay-making with essay-writing. The religious atmosphere of his early years was surcharged with the sober and serious infiuences of old-time Presbyterianism. The follow- ing realistic poem, written in later life, gathers up his recollections of his youthful environment : " O, the Sabbaths that are past! How their holy memories last, Like the odor of the violets arouud our childhood's door! Sure the sky seemed nearer then, And a warmer hand had men. And a brighter aureole the brows of saintly women wore. " Now the quaint old church is gone. In its stead a Gothic one; And a bell from out the tower calls a younger race to prayer. True; 'tis sweet, but then I think Of the saints across the brink. And I miss the solemn stillness in the brooding Sabbath air. " Where the girls who used to be In the queer old gallery, And sing till all the house was filled with clear and joyous sound; All are vanished: now the place Knows no more such maiden grace. One with heavenly light and gladness has her modest forehead crowned. " But the sweetest thoughts of all Are the Sabbaths I recall, When the banquet-hall was opened and llie banner waved of love. Then the elders sang ' Coleshill,' And the preacher's eyes did fill. And we sat and wept together with the Spirit of above. " To the past a pensive sigh! Morrow duties call hard by, And God's angels walk around us truly as in days of yore. Blessed Sabbaths that are past, May your memory always last, And the languid pulse of duty quicken ever more and more! " Out of these sober and stimulating influences at the age of sixteen, a shy and dreamy boy passed into the severe discipline and eager com- petitions of school-life. For two years he pursued the studies prepara- tory to college at the Tennent School, Hartsville, Pa. — named after the famous William Tennent, who founded the Log College near by — and in August, 1853, entered the Sophomore Chiss in Princeton College, and graduated in 1856. He was the first class-day poet in that insti- tution : the class-day exercises of that time consisting of merely an oration, a poem and a class song, The newly -fledged A. 13. sighed for 1202 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. some larger and more definite knowledge of the world, before entering upon a course of professional study, and so, for two 3"ears, he presided over one oi' those family -schools, which were a striking feature of the South in the days before the Civil War. It was " simplex " without the " munditiis.'- A log cabin formed the school-house, and the fur- niture was any thing but spruce or elegant. But the grace and elegance wei'e found outside the school-room in the manners and conversation of the cultivated men and women who kept up well the old traditions of Virginian courtesy and hospitality. In September, 1858, Dr. Stewart returned to Princeton and entered the Theological Seminary ; whence, after a full course, he was graduated in 1861. During a part of this time he served as tutor of rhetoric in Princeton College. During the War summer of 1861 Dr. Stewart supplied the Presbyterian Church of Silver Spring, Cumberland Co., Pa., and in November of the same year was called to the pastorate of the Presbyterian Church at Greenwich, Cumberland Co.. X. J. He was ordained and installed February 11, 1862, and remained as pastor until he removed to Towanda. His entire ministerial life has been spent in these two congregations, and has been quiet and uneventful. The church at Greenwich was blessed with a powerful revival during his ministry, the fruit of which is apparent to this day ; and several revivals of greater or less power have marked his labors in Towanda. This church numbered 150 mem- bers when he became pastor March 8, 1870, and now it numbers P>92. During his ministry of twenty years, about 500 persons have been added to the church, and in every way the congregation has prospered and grown. In 1875 Hamilton College conferred upon Dr. Stewart the honorarv degree of Doctor of Divinity. Dr. Stewart was nuirried, May 1, 1862, to Miss Anna M. Ellies, of Shippensburg, Pa , who has been his active helper in all good works. Their family consists of four children. H. A. STILES, dealer in drugs, books, stationery, tobaccos, paints, oils, etc., Ulster, is a son of Dr. O. D. and Mary E. (Chubbuck) Stiles, who reside in Elraira, K Y., and was born April 21, 1869, at Rome, Pa. His father was a native of Michigan, and his mother of Pennsyl- vania, both of English descent. His maternal grandjmrents, L. S. and Pho'be Chubbuck', reside in North Orwell, this county. His father's family consisted of eight children, seven of whom survive. H. A. is the only one of the children who resides in this county ; he was reared in Elmira, N. Y., and attended the publicschool during school-time,and clerked in his father's drug store during vacations. He graduated, with honors, from the Elmira schools, June 27, 1884. and, having learned the drug business in his father's store, on leaving school, he accepted a position in an Elmira drug store, owned by Dr. J. L. Everitt, and was here a short time, then worked in Gerity Hrothers' wholesale drug store for one and one-half years, after which he returned to his former place with Dr. J. L. Everitt, where he remained until August, 1881), when he came to Ulster, and purchased the drug store he now owns. He was united in marriage with Jennie M., (hiughter of L. J. and Maltha J. (Blakeslee) P>allard, of Troy, Pa., Se|)t(Mnl)ei- 26. 1889. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; he is a member HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. I'.i03 of the Order of Aegis, of which he is secretary, and is one of the leading- successful business men of his localitv. JAMES STIRTON, farmer, P/O. Bentley Creek, was born April 4, 1833, on the farm where he now resides, a son of John and Ellison (Elder) Stirton, the former born in Edinburgh, Scotland, and the latter in London, England. The father, who was a baker, and carried on an extensive business in London several years, came, in 1828, to America, and Avas one of the first settlers in the western part of Ridgebury, this county; he was a jirominent member of the Presbyterian Church, and his influence was always that of the best of men; he died at the age of seventy-nine years, and the mother when aged sixty-eight years. There were eight children in their family, seven of w4iom are now" living; one son, John, was in the Civil War. Mr. Stirton, the subject of these lines, has a fine farm of 130 acres in a beautiful location in the township of Kidgebury. He was married, May 25, 1868, to Mrs. Sarah E. (Brown) Ray nor; she was born in South Creek township, July 25, 1837, a daughter of Elijah and Lucetta (Burnham) Brown, and to them was born one daughter, who died at the ae-e of seven years. Mrs. Stirton has two children by her first husband: Eva, M., wife of Frank Swartwood, and Ettie B., wife of John L. Wilcox. Mr. Stirton is a Republican in ])olitics, but takes no active part in the affairs of the party, and is one of the substantial and highly respected citizens of the town; his wife is a consistent member of the Baptist Church of Wellsburg. CHARLES R. STONE, merchant, Wyalusing, was born in Camp- town, this county, August 27, 1849, a son of Philemon and Theresa (Homet) Stone, the former of whom was a farmer, and had a family of five children, viz.: Charles R.; Thomas B., a farmer on the old home- stead ; a daughter that died in infanc}^; Llysses P., a farmer on the old homestead, and Lucy. The parents are both living. Charles R. Stone was born and r-eared on a farm, and educated at Camptown Academy. When eighteen years old he began clerking for C. S. Laf- ferty, with whom he remained seven years; then came to Wyalusing and entered the employ as clerk for Bosworth, Stone & Co., Avhere he remained until August 27, 1889, when he became a member of the firm. He is unmarried. Politically he is a, Republican, and has held various township offices; w^as assessoi- three terms, and elected first treasurer of the borough. WESLEY B. STONE, farmer, LeRoy township, P. O. West LeRoy, was born in LeRoy township, on the old homestead, Decem- ber 17, 1838, a son of Horace and Cynthia (Lindly) Stone, natives of Connecticut and Vermont, respectively. They moved to this county in 1820, locating in West LeRoy, where he continued farming until his death, which occurred May 11, 1861; his wife died March 22,1867.. Their family consisted of ten children, nine of whom grew to maturity, and six are now living. Our subject, who is the eighth member of the family, was reared in his native town and educated at the common school, has always followed farming, and is now the owner of eighty- five acres of fertile land. He manied, March 11, 1863, Mary R., daughter of Rev. E. H. and Permelia (Griggs) Cranmer, the former 1204 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. of whom was a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and for a number of years presiding elder over the old Troy (now the Ehiiira) district. To Mr. and Mrs. Stone was born, October 1(5, 1865, one son, Horace L., who married Bertha, daughter of Oakly and Anna Lewis; he is a young man of promise, now engaged in tlie mercantile busi- ness in Lellov. Mr. Stone is a prosperous farmer, raising stock, wool, butter and grain. He has been elected to various offices in the town; is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; also a member of the Grange, and in politics he is a Repuoiican, JONAS F. STORKS, farmer, P. O. LeRoy, was born in Delaware county, N. Y., a son of Isaac C. and Emily (Owens) Storrs, also natives of Delaware county. Isaac C. Storrs, who was a son of Oliver Storrs, removed to Liberty, Tioga Co., Pa., where he remained seven years; then came to Bradford county, first locating in Canton, afterward in Granville, where he remained until his death, which occurred November 13, 1889. He was an industrious farmer. His family consisted of three sons, all of whom grew to maturity. Jonas F., who is the eldest in the family, was reared and educated in Granville, this county, and in his early life he learned the blacksmith's trade. He was twice married, his first wife being Mrs. Eleanor Gifford, the widow of Stephen Gilford, and a daughter of John and Sallie Coon; his second wife was Alice M., daughter of Dr. ^Y. H. and Polly (Bullock) Holcomb, of LeRoy; by this marriage there was one child, lona B., born June 4, 1879. Dr. Hol- comb, the father of Mrs. Storrs, was born in LeRoy, and is the son of Eli Holcomb, one of the early settlers of LeRoy township, this county. He was a successful physician and had a large practice; he died at the age of sixty-one years; his widow and eight children still survive him. Mr. Storrs was one of the first volunteers to answer to his country's call, enlistmg April 22, 1861, and serving his first term. He was hon- orably discharged and again enlisted, this time July 22, 1861, in Com- pany G, Sixth Pennsylvania Reserves, for a term of three years; after a service of nine months he was honorably dischai'ged on account of disability, and is now drawing a pension. He engaged in general farm- ing, ])aymg some attention to blooded horses; he is living with Mrs. Dr. Holcomb, whose farm he works in connection with his own in Gran- ville; he is a member of the G. A. R., the Patrons of Husbandry and politically he is a Repul)]ican. ALYIN STRAUSS, foreman, L. V. R. R. repair siiops, Sayre, is a native of Lehigh county. Pa., and was born August 15, 1834, a son of ReuV}en and Sarah (Edelman) Strauss, natives of Lehigh county, the former of whom was a contractor. Grandfather John Strauss was a soldier in the War of 1812. Alvin, who is the second in a family of seven children, received a common-school education, and when a young m;m served an apprenticeship at the carpenter's ti'ade. at which he worked in his native county until 1862, when he went to Mauch Chunk, in the employ of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, and after about three years moved to Wilkes-Barre and was in the employ of the company untd October, 1869, when he went to Waverly, where he i-emained until the siiops were removed to Sayre, where he has been in the employ of the company since. He enlisted in the State Militia HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1205 on the Sunday preceding the battle of Gettysburg, but was mustered out after being out six weeks. Mr. Strauss was married in AUentown, Pa., in 1S61, to Miss Mary (Shelley) Thomas, the eldest of two chil- dren, and born in Bucks county, Pa., October 12, 1836. To the union of Mr. and Mrs. Strauss were born six children, as follows: Charles, Carrie, William T., Gertie, John and Eva E. The family are members of the Lutheran Church, of which Mr. Strauss holds the office of councilman; he is a member of the A. O. U. W., the Knights of Hdnor and the Empire Order Mutual Aid. In politics he is a Democrat, and is ti'easurer of Say re borough. FRANK I. STREBY, carriage manufacturer, Overton, is a native in Sullivan county. Pa., born April 5, 1860, and is a son of Thomas and Caroline (Bleiler) Streby, natives of Pennsylvania and of German extraction. The ancestors who came to America were Isaac Streby and Betsey Ann Ruth, the former of whom died in Overton in 1880, and the latter in 1886; these were grandparents of the subject of this brief sketcii. In the father's family were John, Fyann and Edward, of whom F^'ann died in 1865. Thomas Streby removed to Sullivan county, Avhere he reared a family of live children, of whom Frank I. is the third. Our subject grew to manhood in his native place, and came to Overton in 1881. He had learned the carriage-maker's trade, and engaged at same in his new home, and he now owns and operates an extensive factory, turning out carriages, wagons and sleighs, and in all his work he has his own blacksmith shop, lie was married, April 30, 188-1, to Ellen, daughter of John and Hannah Ileverly Molyneux, Pennsylvanians, of English and German extraction. Of this union there are three children, as follows : Herman C.,and Thomas R. and Carrie E. (twins). Mr. Streby has a taste for fine horses, and has raised and handled many in his time, and has done mucli for the improvement of the horse in this county. In his barn at this time is the thoroughbred French imported coach stallion, ''Rattler, Jr.," born at La Prairie, Canada, June 12, 1884, and which he imported at great expense. The Streby family worship at the German Reformed Church. He is a Democrat, has been school director, and is constable. CHARLES B. STRICKLAND, farmer, Wysox township, P. O. Towanda, was born in Wysox, this county, January 6, 1864, and is a son of Stephen and Caroline (Holmes) Strickland, who are descendants of pioneer families in Bradford countv. The father was born Oclobei" 5, 1822, and died February 20, 1888;" the mother was born May 30, 1830, and is now living with him on the old homestead. The grand- parents were Stephen Strickland (born January 1, 1791, died April 12, 1874) and Mary Dewitt (born December 16, 1793, died February 27, 1860). The great grand jiarents were Stephen Strickland (born in 1763, died in 1800, and Nancy Wilcox, born 1768, died in 1841). In the father's family there were four children : Frances FT., born December 15, 1859, died December 28, 1862; Mary E., born October 20,1861, married- to James W. Shiner, Charles Bradford, the subject of this sketch, married January 9, 1889, to Miss Ethel Elizabeth, daughter of Hiram S. and Lydia M. (Graves), of Towanda (they have one child, Stephen, born April 23, 1890). The youngest child in Stephen 120G HISTORY OF URAUFORU COUNTY. Strickland's family is Ella Lucile, born October 2-J, 1S65. Mr. and Mrs. Charles B. Strickland are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Towanda, and in politics he is a Republican. DANIEL STROISICt, farmer, proprietor of feed, cider and saw- mills, P. O. Wells, was born in Wells township, this county, Januar}^ 19, 1861 ; his parents were Daniel and Lucretia (Sherman) Strong, natives of Otsego county, N. Y., where the former was a tanner and lumberman, and died in 1861. Mrs. Strong still survives him, and resides on the farm with her son. Daniel was reared on the farm and educated in the common schools; his father erected the sawmill in which he placed new machinery; he added the cider-mill in 1883, and erected the feed-mill in 1884; he owns a farm containing 152 acres, which is in a good state of cultivation. He married, in Troy, in 1S87, Nettie, daughter of James and Mary (Salsberry) Sawyer, James Salsberry is a farmer, and resides in Troy township, and Mrs. Strong, who was born in Troy township, in August, 1866, is the sec- ond in order of birth in his family of three children. To Mr. and Mrs. Strong were born two children : Harry and Claude. Mr. Strong is a member of AVells Grange, No. 528; politically he is a Democrat, and is serving his second vear as a constable and collector. JAMES H. STRONG, of the firm of Strong & Gernert, general merchants, Columbia Cross Roads, was born in Wells township, this county. May 6, 1852, a son of Daniel and Lucretia (Sherman) Strong. His paternal grandfather, John Strong, a native of England, was a pioneer of Wells township, where he cleared and improved a large farm ; was also a carpenter by trade, and resided in Wells township until his death; his wife was a Miss Burt, by whom he had eleven children, as f(^llows : Clarisa, Cordelia. Elizabeth, John, William, George, Belden, Thomas, James P., Daniel, Sarah and ]\Liry A.; of these Daniel, a native of Wells township, cleared a farm there, and operated a sawmill on his place, in connection, many years; his chil- dren were eleven in number: John, Andrew, George, Joseph, James IL, Daniel, Clara (Mrs. John Drummond), Mary (Mrs. Asa Wilcox), Flora (Mrs. Richard Wickham), Sarah (Mrs. Crippen), and Hannah (Mrs. Smith). James H. Strong was reared by liis uncle, James P. Strong, of Columbia township, and received a common-school educa- tion. For ten years he was o})erator, express and station agent at (Columbia Cross Rcjads, and in the hay and grain business, still contin- uing: the latter. Since the fall of 1889 he has also been enjj^aijed in general merchandising. In 1876 Mv. Strong married Mary Dell, a daughter of AYilliam H. and Maria (Howland) Gernert, of Columbia township, and they have four sons: Foster, William II., Andrew and liobei't. Mr. Sti-ong is a membevof the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a Ue))ul)lican, and has been postmaster of Columbia Cross Roads since the sDring of 1889. JAMES II. STRIIBLE. farmer, Columbia township, P. O. Columbia Cross Roads, was born in AVantago township, Sussex Co.,N. J.. August 13, 1833, and is a son of Jacob and Phebe (Kilgore) Struble. His paternal grandfather, Peter Struble, was of Dutch descent, a native of Sussex county, X, J., and is a son of Peter Struble; his maternal HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1207 grandfather, Robert Kilgore, was a native of Ireland, and a pioneer of Columbia township, this county. Our subject was reared in Sussex county, N. J., removed to Columbia township, this county, with his parents, where they settled and still reside. James II. is the eldest of their six children : James II., Peter, John, Theodore, Jacob and Robert. In 1801, Mr. Struble purchased a farm in Columbia township, which he partially cleared and improved, and still owns, and resided there until 1885, when he removed to Columbia Cross Roads, where he still resides. He was twice married; his first wife was Mrs. Harriet (Furman) Ger- nert, and his second wife was Nancy Pennock. Before he married, Mr. Struble had worked out several years, and helped to clear 100 acres of land. lie is a prominent and representative citizen, a mem- ber of the Patrons of Husbandry, and in politics he is a Democrat. JACOB STRUNK (deceased).— The family from which this gentle- man has descended, and which has long filled prominent places in the different localities in which they have made their homes, originated in Germany. Tradition tells us that William, Powlis and Ilenrj^ three brothers, came to this country on the same ship during Colonial times, and settled on the Delaware river in the vicinity of Bethlehem. Flenry is the one through whom this family descend, and of his numerous sons two were Revolutionary soldiers : John, great-uncie of our subject, and Henry, his grandfather. John met with many adventures, and saw as hard service as befell the lot of many of that patriotic few. He was in the battle of Cowpens, Ga.; climbecl the Heights of Abraham above Quebec with Montgomery and Arnold with their patriotic armv; at another time marched barefooted over frozen ground to Washington's winter quarters at Valley Forge, where he was, during that long and never-to-be-forgotten winter, for da3's without food, taking the worms from an old decaying horse's head and roasting and eating them, and declaring at the same time that they were the sweetest morsel he had ever tasted ; then he was a prisoner confined on Long Island, and with thirteen companions attempted to escape by swimming to the main-land, a distance of several miles, and it is a noted fact that he was the onlv one that succeeded in bringing off his gun and knapsack safely, as the others were compelled to drop theirs in order to save themselves from drowning. This old hero was also captive to the Indian alHes of the enemy, and carried to his grave the marks of their savage cruelty, in the amputation of all the fingers and thumbs at the terminal joint. In making his escape, his first food was a small snake which he dis- patched and dried on his hat; next he came on the hut of a lone old Indian whom he hacked to death with a broken hoe which he found outside the hut; then, helpinir himself to the dried venison, he was soon among the " pale faces" again. After the close of the Revolutionary War he settled in Northumberland county. Pa., where he left many descendants. Of their great-grandfather, Henry, not much is known except that he served his country faithfully in the ranks of Washing- ton's army. Th^ir grandfather, Peter Strunk, was a soldier of 1812; he had the following-named children : Polly, Jacob, John, Betsie, Henry, Julia Ann, Benjamin and Lucinda. Of these. Jacob was born in Northampton county. Pa., January 5, 1802, and while a boy removed 1>)08 HISTORY OF BHADFORD COUNTY, with his parents to Middle Smithfield, Monroe Co., Pa., where he attended school and received a o'ood English education; then learned the trade of plasterer and weaver, serving five years apprenticeship at the latter, which he followed many years ; in after-life he became a farmer, which vocation he carried on until his death; prior to coming to this county he followed rafting on the Delaware river, and became a pilot on the'^ Susquehanna; he was a natural musician, and for years was fife-major in the militia, and his shrill fife was heard at all training points; he was a man of splendid physique, resolute and amply able to take his own part. He came to this^ county May IT, 1824-, and located at Frenchtown. He was married, in Monroe county, June 17, 1823, prior to coming to this county, to Nellie or Eleanor Biles, daughter of Alexan- der P. Biles, and w4io came on before him with her people, but he shortly joined her, and they began housekeeping in Frenchtown; then lived on different farms in the vicinity of Homet's Ferry, and finally removed to the farm (where Dr. B. T. now lives) where he died March 29, 1881 , his wife had passed awav Mav 22, 1878. They had the following- named children : Marv C., born February 5, 1826, died January 18, 1851: Koseanna, born" August 18, 1827, died June 16, 1851; Samuel, born May 2, 1829, died Nevember 22, 1830; Solomon, born February 28, a practicing physician i-esiding on the old homestead at Homet's Ferrv, together with his brother. Dr. Benjamin T.; Rebecca, born Janu- ary 8, 1834, died September 22, 1868; Ziba S., born April 19, 1836 (married to Louisa Stiles), farmer, and postmaster at Lime Hill; George N., born August 12, 1838, married to Sophia Mills, and is a farmer of Terry township; Chandler B., born July 20, 1840, married to Sarah J. Ricketts, and is a music teacher at Utahville, Pa.; Oscar F., born January 9, 1843, and residing at Meshoppen, and Benjamin T. Jacob Strunk was an extremely modest man, and had no faculty of putting himself ahead in the world ; but it has been said of him that he was scrupulously honest and truthful. Although not connected with any church, he was a firm believer in the doctrines of the Bap- tists (New School), and was a constant reader of the Bil)le, which was held bv him, as was the Deity, in the greatest reverence. He was hospita'ble, in the fullest sense "^of the vrord, and the best he had was none too good for his friends. Dr. Benjamin T. Strunk was born January 24, 1846, in Wyalusing township, this county, and was educated in the common schools and academies of the county. For ten years he followed teaching; in this and Clearfield counties, and then liegan the study of medicine, and was graduated at tlie Unit(;(l States Medical College, of New York, March 6, 1883; since when he has been a practicing physician, located in the vicinity of Homet's Ferry. He has a large and extensive ])rac- tice, and associated with him is his brother. Dr. Solomon Strunk, a phvsician of twenty-seven years' experience, and a fine sp(cialist, Ijcing remarkably successfuf in his treatment of all chronic diseases, and°thov have "^ met with well-merited success. Politically, the family are Ptepublicans. Dr. P. T. Strunk was elected coioner of Bradford county in 1887, and was re-elected in 1890. He has a farm of seventy acres, which he oversees. The Doctor i& a mem- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, 1;209 ber of Clausin Lodge, No. 920, I. O. O. F., Su^mr Eun ; also of Lime Hill Association, No. 3805, P. of I. He is an enthnsiastic Jover of music (a characteristic of the family), and for years has led the choir in his vicinity, as have also other members of the family. In fact, the Strunk family have contributed their full share to tlie musical inter- ests of their community. Z. S. STIIUNK, farmer, and postmaster at Lime Hill, was born in Wyalusing township, this county, April 10, 1836, was reai-ed on a farm and received the advantages of a common-school and a musical educa- tion. When fifteen years of age he began working at the shoemaker's trade, in which he soon became proficient, and which he followed with unusual success many years, numbering among his customers many from Towanda, Wilkes-Barre, and even points more remote. He opened his first shop on his father's farm in Wyalusing township, and worked there until 1857; when he removed to Craig's Meadows, same State, where he was located eight years ; then moved to Vaughn Hill, this county, remaining two years, afterward living in Camptown, until 1876, when he gave up his trade and removed to his present fine well- stocked farm on Lime Hill. During a short period he taught common school, and also vocal music most of the time for thirty winters — not consecutively, however — commencing at the age of seventeen and closing at the age of fifty-three, Mr. Strunk was united in marriage, August 12, 1865, with Louisa A., daughter of Moses Stiles, of Monroe county, which union has been blessed with a family of three children : Grenville C, born May 9, 1866, died August 23, 1891 ; Vesta L., born January 29, 1879, and Mabel C, born September 9, 1880. Mr. Strunk is a member of the Baptist Church ; also of the I. O. O. F., Asylum Lodge, No. -188; is a member of and president of Lime Hill Associa- tion, P. of I., No. 3305. Politically, he is a stanch Republican, and was appointed postmaster at Lime Hill in 1876, which office he has since held. He has always been dependent upon his own resources, and is a successful business man as well as farmer. ANDREW J. STUART, of the firm of Stuart & Maxwell, drug- gists, Troy, was born in Wells township, this county, September 21, 1851, and is a son of Noble J. and Mary (Roberts) Stuart. His father, a native of Connecticut, and a carpenter by trade, settled in Wells township about 1850, and followed his trade in connection with farm- ing in different parts of the county, up to 1860, Avhen he located in Troy, where he has since resided ; he was tax collector of Troy, three terms, and is now serving his third term as justice of the peace; his wife was a native of the State of New York, and they have had three children : Zada J. (Mrs. William Bird), Andrew J. and Jesse E. The subject of this memoir was reared in Bradford county, and educated at the graded schools and Troy Academy. For seven years he served in the capacity of clerk in the dry-goods business; then was four years in the drug trade, as a member of the firm of Stuart Bros., at Bloss- burg. Pa., where he learned the business. In 1876 they removed to Troy and purchased the drug business of R. F. Redington, and contin- ued the business eight years, when the firm of Staart & Maxwell was formed (J. E. Stuart, of Stuart Bros., retiring from the firm at the 1210 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. expii'ation of the eight years), in which name the business has since successfully continued. Mr. Stuart was married, April 19, 1881, to NeUie J., daughter of Robert P. Ilagerman, of Springfield township. He is a member of the Episcopal Cimrch, of the I. O. O. F., and in politics is a Jiepubllean. JOIIX Q. SULLIVAN, farmer, Ulster, was born June 24, 1837, in Sussex county, N. J., a son of Charles L. and Mary (Myers) Sullivan, the former of whom is a native of Vermont, and the latter of New Jerse3\ His father was a blacksmith, emigrating to this county in 1872, settling at Ulster, and had a family of eight children, four of whom are yet alive, John Q. and Mrs. A. A. Kinneur being the onl}^ ones residing in this county. Our subject received his education in the schools of Sanderson, New Jersey, and acquired a good common education; he has always been a farmer, and owns a beautiful home in the village of Ulster. He was married, December 2-1:, 1864, to Emerette Smith, a daughter of Henry and Abagail Smith, and to them were born six children, viz.: Charles IL, in California; Frank K., now in Minneapolis; Fred L, in Pittsburgh; Marv Dell, at home; Corral Ida died December 10, 1872, and Johnny died April 20, 1881; The family belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which Mr. Sullivan is steward; he is a member of Ulster Lodge, No. 2057, K. of H. is a Republican in politics, and holds the office of school director, and is a member of the board of education of the township. STEPHEN SULLIVAN, foreman section No. 11, Lehigh Valley Railroad, Wyalusing, was born in Standing Stone township, this count}^ December 20, 18G2, a son of Michael and Kate (Dorsey) Sulli- van, both of whom are living in Wj'alusing township, and with whom our subject makes his home. His parents were both born in Ireland, but his father came to this country wiiile a young man, and has been engaged most of his time since as foreman on public works. They had a family of four children : Mar\', now in the grocery and confectionery business in Wyalusing; Kate; JMaggie, married to M. J. La)'kin, and residing in Wyalusing borough, and our subject, who ])asscd his boyhood in this county, and attended the common schools. When sixteen years of age he began to work on the railroad during the summers, and attended school during the Avinter time, for two years ; then took charge of a set of men in the Coxeton yards, whei-e lie remained a short time; then was made section foreman on the Lehigh Valley Railroad, and has tilled that position since. lie is a member of the Roman Catholic Church, at Towanda ; politically he is Independent. JOAB SUMMERS (deceased) was born in Northumberland county. Pa., September 1, 1800, and was of English origin. He was orig- inally a weaver l)y trade, but after his marriage he abandoned that calling and engaged in farming on the farm where his widow atul daughter and son-in-law now live, where he resided until March 1, 1887, when he went to his eternal rest. Mr. Summers was married, June 5, 1831, to Miss Sailie Hollon, who was born JVFarch 29, 1810, a daughter of Jeremiah and Betsey (Orcutt) Hollon, of Chemung, N. Y., and of New England origin. Tnis happy union was blessed with one son and one daughter: Angeline E., born January 3, 1835, married to HISTOEY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1211 Simeon Becker, of Asylum (they are living- witli Mrs. Summers on the old homestead), and John M., born August 12, 1840, residing- in Monroe- ton (he is engaged in the mercantile business in Roanoke, Va.). The Summers family have been identified with the Methodist Church, and in their political views they have been in close sympath}^ with the Republican party. JOHN H. SUMMERS, merchant, Roanoke, Va., with residence in Monroeton, Bradford Co., Pa., was born in Monroe, this county, August 12, 18-10, and is a son of Joab and Sallie Summers. lie engaged in the mercantile business at Liberty Corners, in 1867, where he remained until 1873, during which time he was postmaster; in 1874 he removed his business to Monroeton, and in 1891 to his present place of business. Our subject enlisted in Company B, Seventh Pennsyl- vania Volunteer Cavalry, and served with such courage and fidelfty that he was brevetted captain at the close of the war. Mr. Summers was married, July 1, 1871, to Miss Amelia M., daughter of Edwm and Abagal (Sickler) Benjamin, natives and early settlers of Bradford county. They have three children, viz.: Carl G., boi-n December 14, 1872 (is engaged with his father); Genevieve, born February 12, 1877, and Moss Egie, born April 23, 1881. Mr. and Mrs. Summers are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; he is a member of the G. A. R., I. O. O. F., F. & A. M., K. of H., and is a Republican. GEORGE SUMNER, retired, P. O. Spring Hill, Tuscarora town- ship, was born in Susquehanna county, Pa., September 1, 1811; was reared on a farm, and educated in the common schools. He is a son of Jabus and Lucy (Thurston) Sumner, the former a native of Massa- chusetts, the latter of New York, both of New England parentage. Mr. Sumner began life for himself at the age of nineteen ; Avhen twenty- two he began farming near Tunkhannock, Pa., remaining there about a year, and then went to Wyalusmg, wiiere he follow^ed the same occupation, and in 1867 he removed to his present place in Tuscarora township, where he has since resided. He was married, March 2, 1835, to Miss Lydia, daughter of John and Mary (Place) Bunnell, of Tunk- hannock, and the following named children are the fruits of this happv union : Archibald B., John B. (born March 25, 1838, now presiding elder of the Honesdale District, married Alma L.. daughter of WilliamGardner, of Abington Pa.), Benjamin E. (born February 2, 1840; was a member of Company A, One Hundred and Forty- first' Regiment P. V. I., and was killed at the battle of Chancellorsv'ille), Savana A. (born August 31, 1842, now Mrs. Harrison Lyon, of Spring Hill), Corington A. (born December 8, 1843, died October 10, 1844), Corington James (born March 19, 1845, a merchant in New Albany), Marv Lucv (born December 25, 1849, now Mrs. Daniel W. Camp, of Lewisville, Pa.), Martha Amanda (deceased ; born February 22, 1850, married H. B. Gaylord, a merchant of Wyalusing, Pa.), Elnora I. (born December 29, 1851). Maria Ann (deceased; born November 7, 1853), Armina Irene (born March 3, 1855, married to William Shumway), Ida Sarah (born February 26, 1857, and died May 10, 1862) and George Gilbert (born September 6, 1860, a farmer, "^of Tuscarora township). The 1212 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. family are all menibei-s of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Spring Hill ;in politics Mr. Sumner is a Republican. HON. A. B. SUMNEK, farmer, Tuscarora township, is the eldest in the family of eight children of George and Lydia (Bunnell) Sum- ner, the former a native of Pennsylvania, of New England origin, and the latter of German lineage. Our subject was educated in the com- mon schools and the Wyoming Seminary, and began life for himself at the age of twenty-five, farming; also taught school in Wyoming, Luzerne °and Bradford counties; he removed to Tuscarora, and pur- chased his present home, in 1861, where he has since been engaged chieflv in farming. He has been secretary of the Tuscarora Farmers' Mutual Insurance Company since its organization, in 1874, during which time the company ha'^s issued over twenty-five hundred policies; in 1890, he was elected a member of the House of Representatives, at Harrisburg, which office he still holds. Mr. Sumner was married, July 3, 1862, to^Miss Martha, daughter of John and Martha (Arnot) Irvine, of Asylum, and thev have two children, viz.: Gertrude, born June 6, 1863 (now Mrs. Manville Shumway, of Tuscarora), and Florence, born August 24, 1878. Hon. A. B. Sumner has held the office of justice of tlie peace, and various other offices; is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, at Spring Hill, and is an Independent Republican in politics. JESSE SUMNER, farmer,?. O. East Smithfield, was born Octo- ber 11, 1813, a son of Jegse and Mary (Ilarkness) Sumner, natives of Halifax, Vt. l^he father came here in the year 1811, aricTpartly cleared a farm, and returned to his native place for his wife in the spring of 1813, but died before reaching his new home, a few days before his only son, Jesse, Avas born. The widow soon after married John Bird, and reared a family. Mr. Sumner was reared on the farm with his step-father, and has always followed the occupation of a farmer. The first time his father came here from Vermont, he drove two yoke of oxen all the distance before a sled, and experienced many privations. Mr. Sumner married, November 23, 1841, Louise, daughter of Sebaand Eliza (Uird) Gerould, who was born in 1820. Her family trace their ancestry back to the time of the French Huguenots, at the time of tlie revocation of the Edict of Nantes. To Mr. and Mrs. Sumner were born three children : Elbertine L., born September, 21, 1842, wife of L. A. Bosworth, of LeRavsville ; Orpheus B., born April 8, 1846, mar- ried to Helen A. Brigiiani ; and Betsy G., born Se])tember 6, 1848, wife of L. A. Blackman, of LeRaysville. Orpheus lives with his father on the farm, which he manages"; he has three children, as follows: Louise, born August 6, 1878; Jesse, born Auoust 20,1882, and Bert, born July 24, 1886° Mr. Sumner has a fine farm of 137 acres, which is in a good state of cultivation. Politically he is a Republican, and has held several offices of public trust, among others that of school director ; his son, Orpheus, is also a Republican. :Mrs. Sumner departed this life April 21, 1881. mourned by her family and a large circle of friends. P. H. SUMNER, phvsician and surgeon, Camptown, was born in Wyalnsing townshij), th'is countv. December 30, 1855, a son of Charles anil Agnes (Blocher) Sumner. "His father is a prominent fal-mer of HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1213 Wjalusino- township, and has a family of six cliildren, of whom the Doctor is the eldest. P. II. Sumner, the subject of this sketch, was born and reared on a farm, educated in the common schools of the township and State Normal School ; in 1878 he began the study of medicine, reading with Dr. M. F. Terry, of Terrytown, this county ; after four years si)ent in diligent study, he entered, in 1880, the United States Medical College, of New York City, and graduated from tiiere in the si)ring of 1882. He located at Windham and began the prac- tice of his profession ; remaining there two j^ears, he then removed to Bozeman, Mont., remaining two years; then returned to Caraptown, where he has since resided. He has an extensive practice, and, as a successful physician, his reputation is excelled by no one in thecount3^ Dr. Sumner was united in marriage, June 18, i8S2, with Lottie Jatr. ger, daughter of Daniel Jagger, a prominent farmer of Wvalusiuf*- township, and to them has been born one child, Daniel J., born Julv 10, 1883. Dr. Sumner is a prominent member of the I. O. O. F., Wva- lusing Lodge No. 503; at present he fills the chair of conductor; politically he is a Republican, and is an active worker for his party's LUTHER SWARTWOOD, farmer, P. O. Bentley Creek, was born in Monroe county. Pa., December 11, 1850, a son of O. P. and Mary (Bunnell) Swartwood, the former of whom was born in Pike county, Pa., the latter in Monroe county, same State; in 1860 they removed from Monroe county to Chemung county, N. Y., where they lived twenty-one years; then came to South Creek township, where they now i-eside. O. P. Swartwood has two sons, Luther and Frank, both of whom are married; they (the sons) purchased .the propeily on which Lutiier now resides, in South Creek township, known as the Chamberlain and Spencer farms, the former of which contains fifty- eight acres and the latter 114, and this property they have improved since they bought it. At the age of twenty-six Luther Swai'twood married, in Ridgebury, in 1876, Kate, daughter of John Miller, by which marriage there are three children : Ralph, Jay and Anna. Mr. Swartwood is an enterprising farmer, raises a general crop, but confines himself more especially to butter making, and his stock is of fine grade. He is a member of the Grange. ALDEN SWAYZE, general merchant, Columbia Cross Roads, was born in Wells township, this county, April 3, 1862, and is a son of Alden and Caroline (Gifford) Swayze, the former a native of Sussex county, N. J., born September 23, 1823, a son of Obadiah and Eliza- beth (Beamer) Swayze. Alden Swayze, Sr., was reared in New Jersey, and settled in Bradford county in 1840, locating in Wells township, where he worked at the cooper's trade until 1874; was also engaged in farming there until January 1, 1891, when he removed to Columbia township; his wife was a daughter of Jeremiah and Eliza (King) Gifi'ord, pioneers of Wysox township, this county, and formerly of the State of New York, and by her he had five children : H. Franklin, Schuyler, Elvie E. (Mrs. 'Frank Knapp), Hettie M. (Mrs. Thomas Taber) and Alden, Jr. Our subject was reared in Wells township, and educated in common schools and Oberlin College, and 1214 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. after attaining his majority engaged in farming until 1888, in Wells l(j\vnship. He then located at (-ohimbia Cross Roads, and embarked in general merchandising, in wliich he still successfully continues. On October 19, 1887, he married Jessie M., daughter of Kichard M. and Jane (Gustin) Howland, of Columbia townsiiip, and has two children: Bessie C. and Lillian. Mr. Swayze is a popular merchant, a member of the Presbyterian Church, of the I. O. O. F., and politically he is a Republican. DALLAS J. SWEET, a leading citizen of Towanda, was born in Monroe township, this county, November 3, 1843, and is a son of Free- man and Nancy (Ridgewa}') Sweet. His paternal grandfather was Elezar Sweet, a native of Connecticut, who settled in Albany, this county, in 1812; later removed to Monroe township, where he cleared and improved a farm, on which he resided until his death, which occurred in 1866, when he was aged eighty-eight. His wife was Amy Wilcox, by whom he had eight children, as follows: Freeman, Lavina (Mrs. Ezra Kellogg), Jemima (Mrs. Lemuel Streeter), Rosena (Mrs. — Cole), Jane (Mrs. George Irvin), Elizabeth (Mrs. Lyman Hollam), Hiram and Ransom. Of these. Freeman, father of Dallas J., was a farmer and lumberman for many years, and is now living a retired life in Monroeton. He reared a famih"^ of eight children, viz.: Edwin, Charles, Hiram, Dallas J., Ulysses, Emma, J. Theron and Ella. Dallas J. was reared in Monroe township, received a common-school educa- tion, and in his nineteenth 3^ear entered the Union Army, enlisting August T, 1862, in Company C, One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. L and participated in the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Cold Har- bor, Petersburg, Hatcher's Run, Sailor's Creek, and witnessed the surrender of Lee at Appomattox. He was honorably discharged, Mav 29, 1865. After his return home he eng-aoed in farming for three years, and then embarked in mercantile business at Monroeton, in which he continued alone until Januarv 1, 1885. Mr. B. F. Myerthen became associated with him for one \'ear, and in 1886 his brother Theron purchased Mr. M\^er's interest, since which time the business has been under the firm name of Sweet & Co. In 1884 Mr. Sweet was elected sheriff of Bradford county, for a term of three years. He has l)een a resident of Towanda since January 1, 1885, and in 1888 embarked in the lumber business, in which he still engages. He was married, August 18, 1870, to Ella, daughter of Ilenr}'- and Sarah (Young) Myer, of Monroeton, and has one daughter living, Lucy. Mr. and Mrs. Sweet are members of the Presbyterian Church; he is a memljer of the G. A. R., and in politics is a stanch Republican. JAMES THERON SWEET, merchant, Monroeton, was born in Monroe township, this county. May 23, 1854, and is a son of Freeman and Nancy J. (Ridgeway) Sweet, natives of New York and Pennsyl- vania, respectively, and of English origin. In his father's family there were eight children, of whom our subject is the seventh. He went West and started in life for himself at twenty-one years of age, and worked at various occupations five years; then took charge of his father's farm on the South branch for four years, after wiiich lie engaged in mer- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1215 cantile business with his brother, D. J., in his present place of busi- ness. He handles a general line of goods, and has built up a large and lucrative trade. Mr. Sweet married, May 2, 1884, Miss Isadore, (lauohter of Iliram and Lavina (Manlev) Linley, of Canton; he is a menU)er of the P. O. S. of A., and is a Republican; he is serving his second term as burgess; and has also been in the council. FRED TAYLOR, lumberman, P. O. Granville Centre, was born in Granville township, this county, January 13, 1859, and is a son of Levi and Sarah (Campbell) Tavlor. His paternal grandparents were Jere- miah and Martha (Bailey) Taylor, natives of Connecticut, who came to Granville township in 1800, and were the first settlers of same. Levi Taylor, father of subject, was born in Stockbridge, Mass., September 19, 1797, and in 1800 came to Granville with his parents, where he was reared ; he cleared several farms and resided in the township until his death, April 27, 1890, at the age of ninety-three. He was three times married : first time, to Louise (daughter of Sterling and Betsey (Stone) Holcomb, of LeRov township), by whom he had four children : Alvira (Mrs. S. Denton PeVrv), Betsey (Mrs. Hiram Reynolds), Yolney and Sterling; his second wife was Mary Landon, and his third was Sarah Campbell (daughter of James and Kesiah (Patrick) Campbell, of Tioga county. Pa.), by whom he had three children : Milan, Ilollisand Fred. The subject of these lines was reared in Granville, educated at Troy High School, and after attaining his majority engaged in farm- ino-' until 1890, since when he has given his time and attention to lumbering. He married, May 27, 1880, Ida, daughter of Hiram and Lucv (Saxton) Kittle, of Granville township, and has three children, viz.r Bayard, Irene and Elise. He is a member of the F. & A. M., Trojan Lodge, and is District Deputy Grand Master of the I. O. O. F. Politically he is a Republican. GEORGE F. TAYLOR, a prominent farmer of Troy township, P. O. Troy, was born in Columbia township, this county, August 12, 1842, a son of Howard and Betsey (Porter) Taylor. His paternal grandfather, Charles Taylor, was a son of Moses Taylor, and both were prominent farmers and pioneers of Columbia township. Charles Taylor cleared and improved a farm on which he lived and died ; his wife was Marinda Canfield, by whom he had the following children: Seba C, Dr. Charles Allen, Howard, Alanson, Lucy J. (Mrs. Charles Ballard) and Juliette (Mrs. William Bradford). Of these, Howard occupies the old homestead in Columbia township, where he was born and reared, and is one of the representative farmers of the town- ship; his wife was a daughter of John and Martha (Fruman) Porter, of Trov tow^nship, bv whom he had one son, George F., our subject, who wvas reared in 'his native township, educated in the common schools and Troy Academy, and has spent most of his life in farming; he has resided on his present farm in Troy township since 1869. In 1866 he married Annie C, daughter of Archibald and Clarissa (Greeno) Mavnard, and granddaughter of Shubel Maynard, formerly of Ver- mont, and a pioneer of Troy township. By this union there are two children, Clara B. and Maynard. Mr. Taylor is a Republican. 121G HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. IIAERIS BROWNING TAYLOR, manufacturer of lumber, cigars and proprietary medicines. Pike township, was born in East Herrick, this count}', January 29, 18il, a son of Benjamin P. and Lucy Ann (Browning) Taylor, the former of whom, a native of Connecticut and of New England origin, came with his father, Eben St. John Taylor, to Pike township in the year 1816; the mother is a native of Orwell, Pa., of English lineage. In their family- there were three children, of whom the subject of these lines is the eldest. He w^as reared on a farm, educated in the common school and at Mansfield State Normal School, and began life for himself at eighteen, teaching writing school, winters, and working a farm, summers. On April 23, 1861, he enlisted at Towanda in Company A, which was the tirst company organized in the county ; he was the first one enlisted from his township for the Civil War, and was mustered into the Fifth Regiment of Pennsylvania Reserves, at Ilarrisburg, Ma}' 15, of the same 3'ear. He participated in the following engagements : Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mills, Charles City Cross Roads, Malvern Hill, Second Bull Run, and some minor engagements. He was wounded in the shoulder at Gaines' Mills, and was in the hospital from September 1, 1862, to January 5, 1863, where he was discharged on surgeon's certificate of disability; then returned to Pike, purchased his present home, and lived there until 1867, when he went to Mansfield, Pa., as steward and professor of penmanship in the State Normal School, at that place, which position he filled for two years ; then returned to his present home, where he has since lived. In 1870 he began to manufacture a liniment known as " Ta3^1or's Oil," which he now handles very extensively ; it has a great record as an annihilatorof rheumatism and neuralgia, and as a healing agent in sores and wounds in man or beast ; he also manufactures several other medi- cines; and the rapid and steady increase of his business for the past twenty-one years stands as unrebutted evidence of the true merit of his goods, Mr. Taylor was married, February 24-, 1864, to Sarah E., daughter of David and Phebe (Buffington) Iline ; they have no chil- dren. He is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, having served suc- cessively as junior and senior warden, and master of LeRoy Lodge, No. -1:71; and is also a Royal Arch Mason, being a member of the Chapter at Towanda. He is also a member of Spalding Post, No. 33, G, A, R., at LeRaysville, Pa., and has always been a straight Repub- lican. He has been, physically, helpless since May 16, 1890, from the disabilities he received in the army, but still continues the medicine business through his various agents. II. H. TAYLOR, proprietoi- of planing mill. Canton, is a native of Granville ('entie, this county, born January 20, 1848, a son of Levi and Sarah (Campbell) Tayloi-, natives of J>erkshire, Mass., and Tioga county, respectively. Tiie father, who was a farmer and himberman, came with his parents to Sugar Creek, Burlington township, this county, when two years of age. He taught school in Canton town- ship when there was just (me house where the borough now stands. By his third marriage he had three children, of wiiom II. II. is the second; Ik; died in Granville Centre, April 25, 1890. in his ninety-third year. The mother died in 1883, in her sixty -ninth year. H. II. Taylor HISTORY OF RRADFORI) COUNTY. 1217 was reared in Granville, and received a public-school education. He Avorked on the farm and at the lumber business with his father until he was about twenty-five years of age ; then engaged in the lumber business for himself.^ He moved, in 1885, from Granville Centre to Canton, where he engaged in building and contracting. He was married, in Canton township, in 1871, to Madana, who was born in Canton towmship, July 20, 1848, and is the youngest in order of birth in the family of eight children of Kemington and Maria (Bakeman) Lewis, natives of New York State. To Mr. and Mrs. Taylor were born two children: Milan L. and Floyd D. Mrs. Taylor is a member of the Disciple Church. Mr. Taylor is a member of the F. & A. M., Canton Lodge, No. 415, Troy Chajiter, No. 216 and Canton Commandery, No. 64; he is Past Grand in the L O. O. F., Granville Centre, No. 687, and of the Canton Encauipment; has passed the chairs in the Order. Political! V he is a Republican, and is a member of the borough council. HIRAM P. TAYLOR, farmer and stockman, P. O. West Warren, is a native of Susquehanna county, Pa., born May 17, 1818, and is a son of Israel and Theresa (Plumb)^ Taylor, natives of New York, and of English descent. His father w^as a farmer; he removed to this county in 1820, and located in Windham township, and commenced the heroic work of clearing and preparing for a farm 100 acres of the heavy growth then everywhere; he died July 13, 1863, and his widow followed him October 17, 1879. Their family consisted of nine chiklren, of whom Hiram was the third in the order of birth. He was less than two years old when his father brought his family to this county, and grew up, a fine specimen of a pioneer's boy, in wild and rugged pioneer times, and, when grown, commenced life for himself at the very bottom round of the ladder, but has labored, w^aited and pros- pered well, and owns a fine farm of 160 acres, in an excellent state of cultivation, with elegant and commodious buildings. He married, in 1840, Polly, daughter of William Rodgers. a native of New York. William Rodgers' family consisted of six children, of whom Polly was the fifth, born, reared and educated in Windham township. To this union were born seven children, as follows: Francis E., married to Flor- ence Lathrop, resides at Humboldt, Iowa, and has seven children; Miles, married to Ann Bowmen, and has five children ; Theresa (Mrs. Horace Whitman), of Newark Valley, N. Y.; Emerson H., married to Laura Prince, is proprietor, with his brother, William, of a hotel in Nichols, N. Y.; Charles A., born August 8, 1854, died June 20, 1864; Melissa, married to Frederick Hotchkiss, and had three children (she died October 13, 1886) ; and William M., married to Mary Madden, and resides at Nichols. Our subject's family are all members of the Con- nrregational Church. 'He has alwavs voted the Democratic ticlvet, and lived an honest, industrious and exemplary life: was twelve years commissioner, eight years school director, and a full term postmaster. J. H. TAYLOR, mechanic, Wyalusing, was born in Tuscarora township, this county, September 25', 1840, a son of Walter and Sallie C. (Montgomery) Taylor, natives of Delaware county, N. Y. The father, who was a farmer, came to Bradford county January 1, 1840, and located on a farm in Tuscarora township, where be resided until 1218 HISTORT OF BRADFORD COUNTY. his dealh, August 30, 1873, in his sixty-second year; his widow died, January 15, 1887, aged sixty-four; they had three children, viz.: Andrew, on the old homestead in Tuscarora township; Oily A., mar- ried to C. H. Xewman, a farmer in Tuscarora township, and J. H. Our subject was born and reared on a farm, and educated in the common schools. He followed farming until March 30, 1864, when he enlisted in Company G, Fiftieth P. V. V. I.; he was in the battles of the Wilderness and Petersburg. On May 6, 1864, during the battle of the Wilderness, he received a gun-shot wound in the left thigh, the ball ranging downwards and backwards, lodging close to the knee, where it was cut out; he was in the hospital until Christmas, 1864, when he rejoined his regiment before Petersburg. He served with his regiment until July 30, 1865, when he was mustered out. For two years after his return home he followed farming, and then worked at Uie blacksmith trade about a year; then began working at the car- penter's trade, which he followed fifteen successive years. He pur- chased a farm in Tuscarora township, and opei-ated it about seven years, when he sold his farm and opened a store in Wyalusing, October 28, 1890. Mr. Taylor was united in marriage, April 12, 1861, with Nancy J. Hitchcock," daughter of Marshall Hitchcock, of Her- rick township, and they have been blessed with four children: James E., married to Clarissa Brown, and residing in Wyalusing; Laura, mar- ried to Jacob Neskey,also residing in Wyalusing; D. L. and Dora May. Mr. Taylor is a member of Jackson Post, No. 74, G. A. R., is a llepub- lican, and has held various township offices during his residence in Tuscarora. JOHN M. TAYLOR, farmer, Tuscarora township, P. O. Spring Hill, was born October 7, 1827, on his present place in Tuscarora township, was reared on a farm, and educated in the common schools. He is a son of Aholiab and Mary A. (Ackley) Taylor, the former a native of Wyalusing, a son of John Taylor who was a daring pioneer of Bradford county, and among the early settlers of AYyalusing; he was also captain of a company in the War of 1812, and his brother James is numbered among the Revolutionary heroes who sacrificed their lives for their country's glory and independence. Capt, Buck, who was one of the victims of the merciless AVyoming massacre, was the great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch. Mr. Taylor's father settled in Tuscarora in 1821, and was one of the three first set- tlers of the township. Our subject began life for himself at his father's death, April 24, 1849, farmincj on the old homestead, and was married, December 28, 1854, to Harriet A., daughter of James and Amandii (Lake) Coburn, of Tuscarora. and they have seven children, as follows: Charles E., born Sei)tember 18, 1855, now engaged in the iiotel business at Manchester, Conn.: Addie L., born April 27, 1857, died July 22, 1858: Hiram E., born May 4, 1858. died February 6, 1865; Jennie R., born October 7,1861, married to M. G. Barton, a manufacturer, of Chicago, 111.; James A., born July 2, 1864, engaged in farming with his father in Tuscarora; Vida E., born January 14, 1866, and Ruth A., born .June 4. 1860, a teacher. In |)olitics Mr. Taylor is a pronounced Republican. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1219 J. R. TAYLOR, farmer and stock-grower, of Wyalusing township, r. O. AVyalusing, was born in Moravia, N. Y., April 10, 1832, a son of George and Abigail (Baldwin) Taylor, the former of whom was a native of Wyalusing, and the latter of Bloomfield, N. J. The grand- father was Maj. John Taylor, prominent in the early history of this county. The Major's parents were from Scotland, but he was born in Dauphin county. Pa., and was among the few hardy settlers found in the Wyalusing Valley in 1792. The great grandmother, Mrs. Aho- liab Buck, was one of the few to escape from the Indians at AYyoming, and she carried the grandmother of our subject (then an infant) through to Connecticut on horseback. The father of our subject was born November 19, 1797, and died June 30, 1842; he was married, October IS, 1826, and was licensed as a Presbyterian minister, April 28, 1824, and ordained February 15, 1825; during his early life he was a farmer, but afterward began the study of theology. After gradu- ating from Princeton College he entered the ministry, wiiere he remained until his death; he was a hard student, an eloquent speaker and earnest worker in his chosen profession. By his first marriage he became the father of three children, viz.: Sarah L., married to Jesse R. Smith, a farmer of Monroe county; Mary E., married to Washing- ton Ingham, of Sugar Run, and J. R. George Taylor, the father, mar- ried, for his second wife, Caroline Ward, and they had two children : John W., cashier of the First National Bank, Kalamazoo, Mich., and George W., merchant of the same place. The subject of these lines passed his boyhood until eight or nine years old at Moravia, N. Y'.; his father dying about that time, he made his home with his grand- father, John Taylor, in Wyalusing, and was educated in the Wyalusing schools. After reaching his majoi'ity he took up farming, and in 1853 he purchased his first farm (where I. M. AUis now lives), which he owned until 1860, when he purchased his present farm containing 105 acres; it was a wilderness when he obtained possession, not an acre cleared, but he has since cleared it and fitted it for the plow, built handsome and substantial farm buildings, and he now has one of the prettiest farms in his section. Mr. Taylor was united in marriage, June 25, 1861, with Abigail Vaughn, daughter of John and Jane (Overton) Vaughn, and this union has been blessed with two children : George v., born August 27, 1869, and James I., born September 27, 1874, died September 5, 1875. Politically Mr. Taylor is a Republican, and he has filled various township offices. J. W. TAYLOR, proprietor of the " Packard House," Canton, is a native of Burlington, this county, born July 30, 1836, a son of John M. and Ruth Ann (Albro) Taylor, natives of Luzerne county. Pa.; the father, who was a farmer, died in Athens in April, 1890, in his seventy- sixth year; the mother died in Monroeton, in February, 1879, in her sixty-fourth year. Great-grandfather Major Taylor served seven years in the Revolutionary War, and was mustered out in Washington's own handwriting. The subject of this memoir, who is the eldest in a fam- ily of nine children— six daughter's and thi'ee sons — was reared in Bur- lington and Fr'ajdvlin townships, r'eceiving a public-school education ; then went to Franklindale in the fall of I860, and was engaged in the 1230 HISTORY OF BKADFORI) COUNTY. hotel business there two years. In 1863 he removed to Covinoton, Tioga Co., Pa., where he^ kept the " Covington House "until 1864. lie enlisteil, August 26, 1804, in Battery B, Third New York Light Artillery, and was in active service until the close of the war ; was mustered out at Syracuse, N, Y., July 13, 1865, and returned to Frank- lindale, where he was engaged in the hotel business a short time, after which he was engaged in the lumber business. In 1881 he removed to Fall Brook, Tioga Co., Pa,, and was there foreman for the Fall Brook Coal Company five years; then, in 1886, came to Canton, and took charge of tiie "Packard House." Mr. Taylor Avas married, in Bur- lington, in 1859, to Jane, daughter of John and Katy (Hoover) Kirk- entlall, natives of Berwick, Columbia Co., and Bradford county. Pa. She is the sixth in a family of seven living children, and was born in Towanda in 1839. To Mr. and Mrs. Taylor were born four children, of whom two are living: Lillie Blanche, wife of E. D. Rosa, residing in Elldand. Tioga Co., Pa.; and Fred K. Mrs. Taylor is a member of the Evangelical Church. Mr. Taylor is a member of the G. A. P., Ingham Post, No. 91, and Knights of Honor, Fall Brook, Xo. 2506. Politically he is a Republican. HON. L. D. TAYLOR, dealer in general merchandise, Granville Centre, was born in Granville, this county, November 28, 1820, a son of Jeremiah and Mary (White) Taylor. The paternal grandfather was Jeremiali Taylor, formerly of Berkshire county, Mass., who settled in Granville in 1800, cleared and improved a farm and died there; his wife was Martha Bailey, by whom he had four children: Jeremiah, Levi, Sylvester and Abigail (Mrs. Isaac Putnam). Of these, Jeremiah, the eldest son, cleared a part of the old homestead, and in connection Avith his farming interests conducted a grist and sawmill, also a chair and rake factorv, and did an extensive business; his chairs are now looked upon as heirlooms in many of the families of Granville; his wife was a daughter of David and Mary (Ferris) White, pioneers of Troy township, and by her he had four children; Benjamin F.. Lunian D., Lemira (Mrs. Dennis Perry) and Malvina (Mrs. Ileman Bush). The subject of this sketch was reared in Granville, where he has always resided. In early life he taught school, winters, and assisted his father in business affairs. In December, 1847, he married Matilda, daughter of Sterling and l)etsey (Stone) Holcomb, of LeRoy township, and has one cliihl, Ella (Mrs. S! M. Manley). In the same'month and year he embarked in general merchandising at Granville Centre, in which he has since continued successfully, and also cleared and improved a large farm in the township. He is a member of the Church of Christ, and was su))erintendentof the Sabbath-school fifteen years. Politically he has always been a Repul)lican, and was post- master at Granville Centre nearly thirty years; in 1881 he was elected a member of the State Legislature, serving one term. ORLANDO TAYLOIl, farmer, P. O. Granville Centre, was born in (iranville township, this county, April 13, 1832, and is the only child of Sylvester and Susannah" (DeWitt) Taylor. His paternjil grandparents, Jei-emiah and Martha (l)ailey) Taylor, natives of Con- necticut, located in Granville township in ISOO, and were the tirst set- HISTORY OP^ BRADFORD COUNTY. 1221 tiers of the same. Sylvester, father of subject, and who was the first white child born in Granville (the date of his birth being- October 9, 1803), resided in the township until his death, in January, 1881. He was a farmer by occupation, cleared some land, was a man of consider- able literary taste, and spent some time in leathering material for a history of Bradford county, the manuscript of which is in the posses- sion of his son, Orlando. For many years he was a frequent contrib- utor to the Press, both religious and secular, and his contributions were characterized by the forcible and vigorous expression of his ideas. In 1810 he was deputy marshal, and took the census of the western half of Bradford county ; he was postmaster at Granville Centre twenty- four years in succession. His wife was a daughter of Paul and Eliza- beth (Slve) DeWitt, of German descent, natives of Northumberland county, Pa., and among the first settlers of West P)urlington township. Orlando Taylor was reared in Granville township, where he has always resided and'^ been engaged in farming. He married, April 17, 1853, Esther M., daughter of Lewis I), and Minerva (Sabins) Fowler, who, in 1845, settled on a farm now occupied by subject, wliich they cleared and improved, and they resided there until 1881, when they removed to LeRoy township. Mr. and Mrs. Orlando Taylor have two children : Melda (Mrs. Charles F. Gray) and Encell (who married Euphemia Shedden). Mr. and Mrs. Taylor are members of the Church of Christ ; he is a member of the F, & A". M., Trojan Lodge, and of the P. of H.; in politics he is a Republican. VOLNEY TAYLOR, farmer, of Granville township, P. O. Granville Centre, was born in Granville towmship, Br'adford Co., Pa., February l-t, 1829, and is a son of Levi and Louise (Ilolcomb) Taylor. His paternal grandparents, Jeremiah and Martlia (Bailey) Taylor, settled in Granville township, this county, in 1800 ; his maternal grandparents. Sterling and Betsey (Stone) Holcomb, were pioneers of LeRoy town- ship, same county, and the great-grandfather, Eli Holcomb, was a pioneer of Ulster township. Levi Taylor was reared in Granville township from three years of age, was a farmer by occupation and cleared and improved the farm now owned by Charles G. Sayles, where he died April 27, 1890, in his ninety-third year. He was thrice married : first time to Louisa, daughter of Sterling and Betsey (Stone) Holcoml), of LeRoy township, and by her he had four children : Alvira (Mrs. S. D. Perry), Sterling, Betsey (Mrs. Hiram Reynold) and Volney ; his second wife was Mary Landon, and his third, Sarah Campbell, by whom he had three children: Milan, Hollis and Fred. Our subject was reared in Granville, where he has always resided engaged in farming, and has lived on his present farm since 1809. He has been twice mar- ried : first time to Laura Jennings, of Tro}^ Pa., and afterward to Francina Babb, of Granville. Mr. Taylor is a member of the Church of Christ, and in politics is a Republican. LEWIS H. TEARS, Troy, was born in Troy township, this county, May 6, 1832, the eldest son of Benjamin S. and Mattie (LamI)) Tears. His paternal grandfather, Isaac Tears, a native of Orange county, N. Y., settled in Troy township about 1820, cleared and improved a farm and resided in the township till his death. He was twice married, 73 Vi'i'i HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. his first wife being Mary Tidd, and his second wife, Betsey Hammond. He reared a large family and was one of the founders of the Presby- terian Church in Troy. Benjamin S. Tears, who was the eldest child by the second marriage, in early life followed farming and teaching, and was for some years engaged in the mercantile business in LeRoy, was a deacon in the Baptist Church, and died in Troy in 1886, ao-ecl seventy -six years. His first wife, Mattie, was a daughter, of James and Sarah (Oaks) Lamb (natives of Scotland and New England, respect- ively), who settled in Troy township in 1808 ; by her he had four chil- dren : Lewis II., David (3. (killed in the Civil War), Truman H. and Mary R. (Mrs. James A. Hickok). His second wife was Elizabeth Coburn, of Susquehanna county, and by her he had three children : Miles. Isaac F. and Mary. Lewis H. Tears was reared in this county, educated in the common school and Troy Academ}^ and followed farming until twenty-five years of age. He then became a traveling- salesman, which business he followed continuouslv for twenty years. Since 1886 he has been general agent, for New York and Pennsylvania, for the Sanford Whip Company, of Westfield, Mass. In lS56'he mar- ried Laui'a S., tlaughter of Walker and Laura (Strait) Pierce, of Troy township, and has by her two children : Alice E. (Mrs. George G. Beardsley) and Carrie M. (Mrs. E. B. Calkins). W. I. TEED, dealer in groceries and notions, Sayre, is a native of Delaware county, and was born October 8, 1847, a son of David and Eunavilda (Brown) Teed, the former a native of Tompkins county, jST. Y., and the latter of near Mt. Ilolyoke, Mass.; she is a descendant of one of the three Brown brothers who came from England to this country in an early day. David Teed is a farmer and resides in Delaware county, N. Y. W. I. Teed, who is the sixth in a family of seven children, received an academic education in his native place, and was graduated at Eastman's Commercial College; then he taught three terms, and clerked in a store about one year ; then bought the business out after entering into a partnership with another gentleman, remaining there in business for nearly litteen years; the business con- sisted of general di-y goods and groceries; then came to Sayre, in March, 1884, and engaged in the grocery and notion trade, and has continued in same since. He was married in Delaware count}^, N. Y,, in 1867, to Miss Alice, daughter of Philip and Harriet (Pratt) ITtley, natives of Cooperstown, N. Y.; she is the youngest in a family of eight children, and was born near (Jooperstown, X. Y., in July. 1847. To this union were born four children, as follows: Edwin W., Utiey, Leon and Luvern. Mr. Teed is a member (;f the Fraternal Alliance and Fra- ternal (Tuardians, and is a Rejiublican. HUGH TEMPLETON, farmer, Smithfield township, P.O.Ulster, was born in the parish of Dunlap, Ayrshire, Scotland, December 19, 1814, near the birthplace of Robei't i>urns, and is a son of Robi>rt and Jane (Smith) Teni))l(;ton, and his father was a manufacturer of linen lint from the raw Ma.v. IMr. T(;m|)leton was the tenth in a family of eleven children, and came to this country in 1841, wlum iwenty-six years of age. On the same ship was Marion Ritchie, whom he married in November, 1843. She was born in Mauchline Parish (which is also HISTORY OF RRADFORD COUNTY. 1223 in Ayrshire, Scotland), in 1812, one of a family of six. Mr. and Mrs. Templeton have had six children, of whom the following are living: Ella, born July 18, IS^G, married to Huston McKinney; Mary Jane, born July 20,'^1848, married to E. P. Lenox; Robert,*^born May 18, 1850, married to Deliah Rosengrant; Marion, born April 8, 1852, married to Alonzo Rose. Robert, the only son, lives on the farm with his father, and has one son, Herbert P., born August 8, 1882. The family are Democratic in politics; they are successful farmers, having come here when the country was new, and have experienced all the privations of the pioneer. Mr. Templeton is a pleasant and honorable neighbor, and is respected by the whole community. JAMES TERRY, justice of the peace, Evergreen, was born in Standing Stone township, this county, December 2, 1838, a son of John and Catherine (Betts) Terry, the former of whom, a mason by trade and a farmer, was born near Leeds, England, and came to America when about thirty years of age, settling in Bradford county about 1835 ; the mother was a native of Greene, Chenango Co., N. Y. (her father, Erastus Betts, was a soldier of the War of 1812, and a pen- sioner). Our subject and two brothers were in the Civil War ; he (James) enlisted in the first compan}- that left the county in April, 1861, at the first call for troops ; re-enlisted March 8, 18G2, in Com- pany D, Eighth United States Infantry, in which he remained one year and four months, and again re-enlisted in March, 1864, in Battery C, Second Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery, in which he was a sereeant ; was discharged in January, 1866, and assigned to the Freedman's Bureau, his appointment being in the detective service in Surrey and Sussex counties, Va. At the close of the services he settled at Ever- green, in Albany township, where he has since been continually in political office ; was a scliool director and a constable; then assessor, eleven terms ; is a Republican and has served the people faithfully ; is now justice of the peace, which position he has held four terms, and has also an extensive law practice; in the fall of 1890 he was a can- didate for the Legislature ; is a member of the G. A. R. and of the F. & A.M. Mr. Terry was married, December 15, 1858, to Roxanna Carter, of Susquehanna count3\ Pa., and there have been born to them three children, as follows: Addie L., Alfred H. and Draper T. Mr. Terrv is a man of activitv, respected bv a large circle of friends. A. H. THOMAS, farmer, P. O. Troy, w^as born September 9, 1829, in Troy township, this county, on the farm where he now resides, and is a son of Alvin W. and Amy (Harding) Thomas. His paternal grandparents were Jacob and Susannah (Rowley) Thomas, natives of New Hampshire and Vermont, respectively, who settled in Troy town- ship in 1808, locating on the farm occupied by subject, where they made an improvement, and about 1820 removed to the farm now owned by AV. A. Thomas, and there died : tliey had a family of eight children who grew to maturity ; Zeruah (Mrs. Samuel Case). Alvin W., Samuel, Hiram, Chester. Allen, Lucy M. (Mrs. Dummer Lilley) and William A. Of these, Alvin W. was a native of Vermont, and chiefly cleared and improved the farm now owned and occupied by subject, and died there ; his wife was a daughter of Samuel and Love (Mayhew) 1:>'>4 HtSTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Harding, of Sullivan, Tioga Co., Pa., and by her he had nine children: J.orenzo, Alex H., Charles B. (killed at battle of Fredericksburg in the Civil War), Lucy M. (Mrs. E. D. Thomas), Susan (Mrs. Edwin M. Slade), Julia (Mrs. Newton McClelland), Alvin W., Jr. (a soldier in Civil War, and died at Camp Hamilton), Emma (Mrs. John Lilley) and Jacob. A. H. Thomas was reared in Troy township, has spent his life in farm- ing in that and Canton township, and has permanently resided on the old homestead since 1870. In 1850 he married Elizabeth, daughter of John S. and Hannah (Kiff) Becker, of Armenia township, and has six children: Adolphus E., Bolivar P., Henr}^ Eugenia (Mrs. Milton A. Case), Alvin and Meade, Mr. Thomas is a representative farmer of Troy township; is one of the charter members of the Troy Farmers' Club, was its first president after charter was obtained, and served in that capacity fourteen vears; politicallv he is a Democrat. HIRAM' W. THOMAS, farmer, Troy township, P. O. Granville Summit, was born in Troy township, this county, January 28, 1838, a son of Samuel and Lydia P. (Wright) Thomas; his paternal grand- parents were Jacob and Susannah (Rowley) Thomas, natives of New Hampshire and Vermont, respectively, who settled in Troy township in 1808, locating on the farm now occupied by A. H. Thomas, and, about 1820, on the farm now owned bv William A. Thomas, and died there. Samuel Thomas, father of the subject of the sketch, is one of the oldest residents of Troy township, and cleared and improved the farm where he now resides ; his wife was a daughter of Jerome Wright, of Canton township, bv Avhom he had nine children, as follows: John C, Marv J. (Mrs. William Vanderlip); Lvdia S. (Mrs. John C. Mav); Hiram W., C. Ellen (Mrs. Ephiram M. Clark), Fidelia A. (Mrs. Burton A. Porter), AVilliam H. H. (who died a prisoner at Andei'sonville dur- ing the Civil War), David AV. and Martha A. (Mrs. Thomas M. Scott). Hiram W. Thomas was reared in Troy township, where he has nearly always resided, and cleared and improved the farm he now occupies. He married, June 1, 1862, Mar}'^ J., daughter of David II. and Sarah (Place) Duart, Avho settled in Canton township in 1841 ; the issue of this union is one daughter, Sarah A. (Mrs. Russell H. Coe). Mr. Thomas was in the Civil War, having enlisted September 3. 1S6-1, in Company K, Fifteenth Xew York Engineer Volunteers, 'and was hon- oral)ly discharged, June 13, 1865; both he and his wife are members of the Free-Will Baptist Church, and in politics he is a Republican. JOHN W. THOMAS, farmer, of Athens township. P. O. Wilawana, was born in Barton, Tioga Co., N. Y., August 10, 1823, a son of Isaac and Drucilla (Morris) Thomas, the former born in New Jersey, the latter in Albanv, N. Y. Isaac Thomas, who was a soldier in the War of 1812, removed to Albany about 1821, but soon after went to Tioga county, where he remained eight years; then moved to Athens town- ship and resided there seven years; returning to Tioga county, N. Y.. he here made his home until his death, which occurred while he was on a visit to New Jersey ; his childi'en were five in number — two sons and three dauj^hters — four of whom are now livini;, and are now all settled in sight of one another. John W., who is the eldest in tlu^ family, was reared and educated in Athens townshi}), and always HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1225 followed farming. On March 8, 1851, he married Jane, daughter of Abraham and Eilenor Mills, and by this marriage there were two children: John (deceased) and Killa, married to Wilson, a farmer. Mr. Thomas purchased his farm in 1847, adding acre after acre, until he now owns 125 acres of well-improved and fertile land, lying on the northwest corner of Athens township, all of which he accumulated b}^ industry and economy. He is a general farmer, and raises some tobacco along the Chemung. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and votes the Democratic ticket. MORGAN THOMAS, carpenter and joiner, F. O. Neath, was born July 4, 1844, in Susquehanna county. Pa., and is a son of David and Ann (Jones) Thomas, natives of South Wales. In his father's family there were eight children, of whom Morgan is the sixth. He spent his early boyhood on the farm, and in attending district school; at twenty-one he began to learn the carpenter's trade, at which he has been employed since, except 1873-85, when he was engaged in mercan- tile business at Neath. He married Esther, daughter of Newton and Catherine (Davis) Humphrey, and they have two children living- Jessie C. and (ieorge N. Mr. Thomas is a member of the F. & A. M. at LeRaysville, and is a Republican. NewVon Humphrey, blacksmith, residing with his son-in-law, Morgan Thomas, was born in Pike township, October 22, 1820; he has been postmaster at Neath twenty vears, and justice of the peace eleven years ; his parents were Dudly Case and Almira (Gorham) Hum- phrey, natives of Connecticut, who settled in Pike township as early as 1S19, on the farm no\v owned by Davis Phillips. THOMAS F. THOMAS, farmer and stockman, P. O. Warren Centre, was born in New York City, March 24, 1832, a son of Samuel and Mary Francis Thomas, natives of Wales. The father, who was a mechanic and farmer, came to this countrj^ in 1831, stopping for a time in the city of New York, and followmg year removed to Warren township, this county, where he improved the farm on which his son now resides, and where he died in 1SG3, his good wife folhnving him to the grave in 1866; their children were three in number, viz.: Sarah (Mrs. Evan W. Davis), of Pike township; Rachel (Mrs. Washington Beeman), of same township (she had one child, and died in 1841), and Thomas F. The subject of these lines has spent his life in Warren township, and now owns 107 acres of finely improved and well culti- vated land. He was married in Iowa, May 19, 1865, to Mary Ann Canlield, a native of Warren township, daughter of Harvey and Abi- gail Estes Canfield, natives of Connecticut and New York, respectively, of English stock, farmers, who came to America in 1832, and located in Warren township, but in 1865 removed to Iowa, where they died, he in 1885, and she in 1866. In their family were nine children, Mrs. Thomas being the fourth. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas have no children of their own, but have an adopted daughter, Abbie L., a daughter of Mrs. Thomas' sister, and now Mrs. William A. Beebe, residing in Warren township. Mr. Thomas is a Republican in politics. REV. THOMAS THOMAS, Presbyterian minister, Stevensville, was born in Carmarthen, South Wales, June 16, 1812, a son of David 1226 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and Hannah (Griffis) Thomas, who with their six children came to America, in 1824, and located on a farm where Neath now is, then a dense forest. To make the solitude of the New World more gloomy than the forest shade could make it, six weeks after their arrival the husband and father died of sunstroke. Thomas, who was the fourth child, spent his boyhood with the rest of the family in making a home in the woods, and in attending the common school. He was graduated from Lafayette College in 1843, and spent two years in Princeton Theological Seminary. He then returned to Neath, where he preached successively at KushVille, Orwell, Friendsville, Orwell, Rushville and, in 1863, at Stevensville, wiiere he has since resided, filling at the same time other small charges. Mr. Thomas was married, January 1, 1846, to Mary, daughter of William and Catharine (Howell) Evans, natives of South Wales. This happy union has been blessed with one son and four daughters: Harriett A., born August 10, 1847 (was educated in the common schools, the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, and was graduated at the High School of Marietta, Ohio, in 1866 ; she has taught and traveled considerably, having spent three years in southern Cali- fornia, and made two trips to Europe, to visit her sister, Mrs. F. R. Welles ; is at present living with her parents at Stevensville); Sarah C, born August 14, 1849 (educated in the common schools, Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, and Delaware Institute, at P'ranklin, N. Y., took French and Botanical lectures; taught several years and was married, August 31, 1874, to Dr. Arthur II. Adams, whom she accompanietl to Japan in October of the same year as a missionary. Mr. Adams was born at Sandusky, Ohio, October 26, 1847, was graduated at Yale College in 1867, being the fourth in a class of 110. After two years of teaching in the Delaware Literary Institute at Frank- lin, iST. Y., he re-entered Yale, where he was graduated in The- ology and Medicine. He was located at Osaka, Japan, as missionary physician. In 1878 he went to southern California for his wife's iiealth, and on returning to Japan died at sea of typhoid fever, and was buried at Kobe, Japan, in 1879. Mrs. Adams remained in Cali- fornia until 1882, when she returned to Stevensville. In 1888 she went to Antwerp, Belgium, and spent two years in Belgium and Italy; then returned to Stevensville, wliere she has since resided with her parents; she has one living child, Arthur II., born August 8, 1879); Welling E. (the only son of Mv. Thomas, was born January 25, 1852, educated in the common school, LeRaysville Academy, Delaware Literary Institute, and was graduated at Lafayette College in 1875. He taught one year, spent one year in the Union Theological Semi- nary in New York City, graduating from Princeton in 1879; he then preached at Eden and Ashley, Ohio, Jive years, residing at the latter ]>lace. He has since been located at Marion, Ohio. He married Emma W., daughter of Stephen and Mary (Lourie) ]\[attoon, natives of New York. The first seven years of her life were spent in Siam, her father being one of the first missionaries to that country. They have four children); Mary D. (Mr, Thomas' third daughter, was born May 11, 1854, was educated in the common school, Madame Corson's select school at Ithaca, N. Y., and the Susquehanna Collegiate Insti- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 12:^7 tute, where she was graduated m 1874; she tlien attencUnl the Elniira Female College one year ; she is now living- at Merr3'all, and is the wife of Kev. Milton'L. Cook. They have six children) ; the youngest daughter of Mr. Thomas is Anna F. (born June 12, 1862, educated at the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, and was married, December 18, 1882, to F. R. Welles, superintendent of the European works of the Western Electric Company. They are living at Paris, and have four children). The Thomas family are Presbyterians, and Mr. Thomas is a Prohibitionist. BURLEIGH THOMPSON, farmer, P. O. Terrytown, was born April 25, 1858, and reared and educated on a farm. He is a son of Charles and Elizabeth (Hulbert) Thompson, the former of whom was a native of this county, the latter of Wyoming county. In his youth the father was a promising lad, and in his advanced years a good citizen. He lived with William Terry until he reached his majority. He was twice married: first time, March 1, 1842, to Miss Elizabeth Hulbert, by whom he had six children, three of whom are now living; his second marriage was on January 17, 1864. Mr. Thompson was a prosperous farmer, and left behind a mark of his industry in the beautiful home and surroundings his son now enjoys; he died February 8, 1891, at the age of seventy-three years; his wife was born September 4, 1820, and died Januar}^ 18, 1863, aged forty-three years. Mr. Thompson enjoyed the full confidence of his friends, who elected him to the offices of auditor, collector and treasurer. The subject of this memoir is the youngest in the family, and has always confined himself to agricultural pursuits. On September 25, 1890, then at the age of thirty-two, he married, at Cooper's Plains, IN", Y., Miss Eliza, daughter of Hon. Uriah and Louisa Terry. Like his father, Mr. Thompson is a prosperous farmer, and promises to make his mark in the world; he is a worthy and active member of the Baptist Church, and politically he is a Republican. CHARLES C. THOMPSON, farmer, P. O. Bentley Creek, was born October 28, 1835, in South Creek township, this county, a son of William and Sophia (Houtz) Thompson, the former of whom was boi'n in Ireland, and removed to America when sixteen years of age with his father, Harry Thompson; first settled in Dry den, Tompkins Co., N.Y.; the mother was born in Ilarrisburg, Pa., of German parents; her father was a doctor and preacher. William Thompson removed to Bradford county in 1832, and settled in South Creek township, where he was a farmer; he was a politician, and a strong supporter of the Wesleyan Methodist Church ; he died at the age of eighty 3'ears, and his wife died aged ninety-two. Charles C. Thompson was reared on a farm, and has always followed the occupations of a farmer and car- penter. In 1861 he enlisted in Company K, Twenty-third N. Y. Y. I., and served two years; was in several battles, among which were Antietam, South Mountain, Bull Run (second), and many other minor engagements. He was married, June 4, 1863, to Juliette Brown, of Ridgebui'v, who was born in Chemung count}', N. Y., October 22, 1840, a daughter of Elijah M. and Lucetta (Burnham) Brown, both living with the daughter, the father now aged eighty-three years, the mother being eighty. Mr. Brown is a son of George Brown, a soldier of the 1228 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Revolutionary War, was four years and ei_i»ht months in the war, and was taken a prisoner once. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson have had four chil- dren, as follows: .Tud S., married to Lettica, daughter of McKay Craig, of Bentley Creek; Jennie M., who died aged eight years; Leta D. and Vernie 8. Mr. Thompson is a Republican, and an active worker in his party ; has been auditor, assessor and constable ; held several other offices of public trust; is also a member of the Knights of Honor; is the owner of a fine farm, and is one of the most substantial farmers of the township. CHARLES W. THOMPSON, farmer and stock-grower, Ulster township, P. O. Ulster, was born in Smithfield township, this county, April T, 1829, the son of Palmer and Abigail (Goddard) Tliompson, of whom the former was a native of New York State, and the latter of Connecticut; both of the grandfathers lost their lives by accident. The fathei" died while the son was yet very young and the mother married Mr. AYilliams; she lived to the age of seventy-four years, and died in 1874. The father's family consisted of four children, Charles W., being the eldest; L. E. in Smithfield; E. L. in Tompkins county, N.Y. Charles was educated in the public schools, receiving a common-school education, and remained on the farm with his step-father until his majority; then worked by the month in a sawmill until twenty-nine 3'ears of age, when lie, bought the farm he now occupies in 1857, and now owns 130 acres of beautiful farm land, finely im])roved. Of the l^rominent farmers and dairymen of tliis county, Mr. Thompson stands well toward the head of the list, and keeps a dairy of about twelve cows. He was married, April 7, 1858, to Elmira E. Mallery, daughter of Chester and Perline (Shipman) Mallery, residents of Ulster, and the fruits of this marriage are two children : Alice (who married William Dennis, of Sayre) and Palmer C. Mr. Tliom))son is one of the old meml)ers of the National Grange. In political views he is a stanch Republican, and now holds the office of townshii) assessor, which he has tilled the past three years. He is one of tiie pioneer settlers of his neighborhood. E. M. THOMPSON, miller, P. O. Waverly,is a native of Cortland county, N. Y., and was born October 2, 1843, a son of Samuel L. and Adelia (Eldridge) Thompson, natives, respectively, of Columbia and Schoharie counties, N. V. The father was a boot and shoe maker, and died in Cortland, N. Y., in 1870, in ids sixty -eighth year; the mother died in July, 1888, in her seventy-fifth year"! E. M. Thompson, who is the eldest in a famdy of three children, was reared in Cortland, receiv- ing a common-school education, and at the age of eighteen began to learn the miller's trade at Blodgett's Mills, in Cortland county, N. Y., where he remained about three years; then moved to Roseville, Tioga Co., Pa., and followed his trade about three years; thence went to Elmira, and was there about one year, when he proceeded to Ithaca, and after about one and one-half 3'ears he went from there to Dryden, TomjJcins Co., N. Y., and was there about a year; thence moved to Pompey, Onondaga Co., N. Y., where he remained nine years, and tlien went to Owego. but only remained there a few months, when he came to Sayre, April 20, 1876, and has had charge of the mill of HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1229 Phillips & Curtis since about three months after he commenced work for the firm. In all of these places he worked at his trade. Mr. Thompson was married in Cortland county, N. Y., in 1866, to Miss Arvilla, daughter of Zera and Luc^^ (Chapman) Tanner, natives of Otseo'o count}'. Pier father, who was a farmer, died in 1862 ; her mother surviv^es. Mrs. Thompson is the younoest in the order of birth in a family of seven children, and was born in Cortland county, N, Y., October 5,1844. To Mr. and Mrs. Thompson were born three chil- dren: Edward W., Ella and Lucy. The family are members of the First Methodist Episcopal Church"^ at Sayre. Mr. Thompson is a mem- ber of the F. & A. M., Military Lodge, No. 93, Manlius, N. Y., and a member of the Knights of Honor, No. 293, Waverly. He is a Demo- crat, and served nine years as postmaster in Onondaga count}', N. Y., and as school trustee two terms in the same county. JOHN B. THOMPSON, foreman of wood shop, locomotive depart- ment, Sayre shops, P. O. South Waverly, is a native of Towanda township, this county, and was born February 15, 1837, a son of Elias and Ilannali (McMicken) Thompson, natives of this county. The father was a miller, and died in Sheshequin, in 1857, in his forty- seventh year; the mother survives, and resides in South Waverl}-, and is in her eighty-second year. Grandfather Thompson was a soldier in the War of 1812. John B. Thompson is the only member living in a family of four boys. He moved to Sheshequin with his parents \Yhen seven years of age, received a common-school education, and attended the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, in 185-4; then commenced the cai'penter's trade, and also learned the miller's art. with his father. On April 14, 1861, he enlisted in Company F, Fifth Pennsylvania Reserves, and some of the engagements he was in were withMcClellan in the battles of Gettysburg, the Wilderness, Peninsular Campaign, and Bethesda Church, and was mustered out at Harrisburg, in June- 1864, then returned to Sheshequin, and went to work at the carpen, ter's trade, and worked until January, 1867, when he moved to South Waverly, ^vhere he worked three years in the steam Hour mill, for Vanduzer, Hollet & Marsh; then went to work at the carpenter's trade for the L. Y. R. R. Co., in 1870, and was promoted to his pres- ent position, that of foreman, in 1874. He was married in Waverly, November 28, 1867, to Miss Mary, daughter of Peter and Bridget (Brown) Flood, natives of Ireland,*^ whose family consisted of ten sons and two daughters, of whom she is the tenth, in order of birth, and was born at Milan, January 29, 1847. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson had two children: Howard J., who died at the age of eight months, and May, who died at the age of seven years. Mrs. Thompson is a mem- ber of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Thompson is a member of the F. & A. M., Waverly Lodge, No. 407; of the G.A. R., Walter C. Hull Post, No. 461, and of the Union Yeteran League, No. 28; has served as first burgess in South Waverly borough, and is a Republican in politics. GEORGE H. THOMSON, farmer. South Creek township, P. O. Fassett, was born on May 18, 1832, in Catlin, Tompkins Co., N. Y., a son of William and Sophia (Hutz) Thomson, the former a native of 1230 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTT . Ireland, the latter of Carlisle, Pa. AVilliam Thomson was a son of William Thomson who came to this country when his son was ten years of age, locating in Orange county, N. Y., where he lived an uneventful life. His son, William, began business in Dryden, Tompkins Co., N. Y., purchased a farm of 100 acres, which he cleared, and on which he lived several years ; then removed to South Creek town- ship, on what is known as " Pigeon Hill." He purchased a farm of 160 acres, in those days a wilderness, but by hard work, economy and per- severance he converted it into a beautiful home. Here he resided until his death, which occurred about 1871, when he was aged eighty- six years. His family consisted of eleven children, ten of whom grew to maturity, eight of them now living, George H. Thomson, who is the seventh in the family, was reared and educated in South Creek township. In early life he worked at the carpenter's trade, but finally took up farming. He married, February 3, 1853, at South Creek, EUanora, daughter of Woodard and Rhoda Bermy, and to them were born seven chilch-en, all of whom are living, as follows: Demster, married to Eugene Dewey; Timothj^; Emma, married to William McCracken, a farmer; Edna, married to Albert Wood, a farmer; Zoe, married to Charles Star, a farmer; Arthur and Samuel. Mr. Thomson works a farm of 113 acres, his attention being specially devoted to dairying; his stock is fine and well graded; he owns a farm of 100 acres in Lycoming county. Pa. During the Civil War he served four months in the Construction Corps; he has held the offices, in the town, of con- stable and collector, two terms ; politicallv he is a Republican. FRANK THORNTON, farmer and stock-raiser, Ulster township, P. O. Ulster, was born at Danby, Tompkins Co , N. Y., March 30, 1836, and is the son of Ehakim and Abagail (Converse) Thornton, the former a native of New York and the latter of Vermont. The grandfathers, Joseph Thornton and Francis Converse, were among the early pioneers of New York. Frank Thornton came to Bradford county in 1865, and engaged in farming. He received his education in the common schools of New York, and had a fair education for his time ; his early life was spent on a farm, but he learned the carpenter's trade, working at that for several years, and then learned the shoemaker's trade. He owns a farm of sixty -four acres in the Ulster valley. He was married in November, 1805, to Charlotte S., daughter of Royal S. and Jemima (Ilugg) Alvord, and the fruit of this marriage are six children, as fol- lows: Rufus F., Clara A. (wife of E. B. Gilbert), Mary II., Nathan W., Eli W. and Florida T.; except the two eldest, the children reside at home. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and Mr. Thornton is a Democrat in politics. JOSEPH TOWNER, farmer and stock-grower, Sheshequin town- ship, was born in Rome township. May 23, 1828, a son of Enoch Tow- ner, who was a farmer and lived in this county, where he died May 19, 1873, aged ninety-four years. His early life was spent on his father's farm, attending the common schools of winters and working on the farm during summer, and received a fair schooling for the time, and at the age of nineteen he was a|)prenticed to learn the builders' trade, at which he served two years, and then began operations for HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1231 himself. This he followed about twenty years and has erected build- ings in ever}^ section of the county, and assisted in building the court- house and First Ward school-house, Towanda. He enlisted in the array, August 16, 1862, as private in Company I, One Hundred and Forty-first Volunteers, and was discharged in November, 1863, as drum-major, on account of disability. He participated in the second battle of Bull Run and at Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and various minor engagements, and was in the Patent Office Hospital three months with typhoid fever. On his return he engaged in farming in Rome townshfp; then sold out and purchased a farm in Tioga county, N. Y., was there two years and then purchased tlie one he now occu- pies, about 100 acres, one-half being bottom-land, where he raises stock. He has a brick residence and elegant out-buildings; on the farm is one of the finest stone quarries in the State. He was married, in May, 1850, to Betsie Ann, daughter of Pardon Kenyon, and the issue of this union is one son, P. A. Towner, of Elmira. His wife died in October, 1851, and in July, 1863, he w^-^s married to Teresa, daughter of Theodore and Amanda (Fergurson) Gerould ; her father is a native of this county and her mother of Vermont; by this mar- riage are three children, viz. : Dora E., wife of W. S. Elsbree; Ida I., wife of Lucian Gooding, of Elmira. and Jerauld E. Mr. Towner is the originator of the celebrated Towner corn, a new and valuable variety of cereal, ripening in ninety days, and yielding enormousl}'. Mrs. Towner is a member of the Disciple Church; he is a member of Watkins Post, G. A. R., No. 68, and is past senior commander; also member of the I. O. O. F. Valley Lodge, of Sheshequin, and has passed all the chairs ; he has voted tlie Republican ticket since that party was organized. WASHINGTON TOWNER, farmer, Sheshequin, was born in Rome township, this county. May 3, 1826, and is a son of Enoch and Elizabeth (Moore) Towner. Enoch was the son of Elijah Towner, who came from New York to this county in 1793, when Enoch was fourteen years old, on a prospecting trip, and stopped with Gen. Spalding "in Sheshequin; Elijah returned for his family, leaving his son here, and located on the farm now owned by John S. Clark, in his log cabin, one of the earliest houses built in the neighborhood. Elijah had served in the Colonial army under Washington, and par- ticipated in twenty-seven battles; his family consisted of the following- children: Ezra, Enoch, John, Elijah, Abram, Gersham, Joseph, Ben- jamin, Olive (who married Russell Pratt), Elizabeth (married to George Billings) and Anna (deceased); his wife was Mary Knapp. The father, Enoch Towner, was born in New York, October 1, 1781, and lived in the county until his death, May 19, 1873, aged ninety-two; the mother was the daughter of James Moore, born July 12, 1791, and died in 1881 in her ninetieth year. In their family were fourteen children — seven boys and seven girls— viz.: Laura, married to E. Whitney, and died in Rome, aged seventy-seven ; Philander, married to Clarissa Davidson, of Litchfield county. Pa., and died in Rome, aged seventy -seven ; Elvira, married to Owen Robinson, of Candor, N. Y.; Evalina, mar- ried to Philander Robinson, and died in Franklin, aged sixty; Martin, 1232 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. married to Abigail Bidlack, of Sheshequin, Bradford Co., Pa.; Eunice, married to Orlando Chubbuck, of Streeter, 111.; 'Olive, to B. B. Ilollett, of Watkins, N. Y.; Alvin, married to Diana Andrews, of Candor, N. Y., and resides in Rome township; Dr. Enoch, married to Almira Rockwell, of Rome, Bradford Co., Pa., and died in Wilson, N. Y.; Mary, married to George Smith, of Potter Co., Pa.; Washington; Joseph, married to Theresa Gerould,of Rome, Bradford Co. Pa.; Helen, married to Almeron Spencer, of Reading, N. Y., and Clinton, who died in infancy. Washington's boyhood was s))ent on his father's farm, work- ing on the farm in summer and attending school, during the winter, when there was school ; his advantages were, therefore, in this respect, very limited, but in after years he secured a good business education ; he remained on his father's farm until his twenty-third year, and then secured sixty acres off the old homestead, and occupied that farm until 1868, when he removed to another, the old "Towner farm," in the immediate vicinity, which contained 100 acres, and w^as here twelve years, then went to Rome borough, keeping charge of his farm, and remained there seven years. He then bought the farm he no»v occu- pies, known as the Segar farm, but was originally owned by Josiah Marshall; this farm consists of forty-five acres, thirty-five acres being bottom-land; the buildings are capacious and modern; the farm is well-improved and makes one of the most beautiful homes. He was married, July 3, 1849, to Esther M., daughter of Harry L. and Electa (Allis) Parks, and they have had four children : Harry L., married to Emily Mead, and is now a physician at Athens; Malon L., married to Grace Kinney, of Rome borough; Carrie E., married to Vernon L. Beckwith, of Warren, and Flora M., married to Ward Watkins, of Sheshequin. Mr. Towner is a member of the I. O. O. F,, Rome Lodge, No. 480, and has passed all the degrees. The family are members of tiie Golden Cycle. Mrs. Towner is a member of the order of Provi- dence Sliield, Branch No. 17, Athens. In politics Mr. Towner is a Republican. His uncle, Joseph Towner, was among the early preachers of the county, a man of extraordinary power. The Towner famih^ are fine vocalists, and '-Uncle Joe" could both sing and preach for the wdiole conoregation. H. L. TOWNER, physician and surgeon, Athens, is a native of Rome township, Bradford Co., Pa., and was born May 4, 1850, a son of Wasiiington and Esther (Parks) Towner ; the former is a native of Rome, the latter of Orwell township, this county. The paternal great-grandfather, Elijah Towner, and the maternal great-grandfather were soldiers in the Revolutionar}' War. The father is a farmer and resides in Sheshequin township, this county. Dr. Towner, who is the eldest in a family of two boys and two girls, entered the Chicago Homeopathic College, in 1877, and began the practice of medicine in Athens, where he is still so engaged. He was married in Rome, this county, August 28, 1872, to Miss Ella, daughter of David and Sarah (Rudell) Newell, natives of this county (slie was the second in a family of six children, and was born in Sheshequin to\vnsliip, August 20, 1853, and died November 7, 1882), l)y which union were three children: Dana W., Mary A. and Carrie B. The Doctor was married, the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1233 second time, March -4, 1883, to Miss Emma M., daughter of All)ert and Lucy M. (Taylor) Meade, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and the latter of Tioga county, N. Y. (she is the youngest in a family of three children, and was born in Tioga county, N. Y., May 18,1859). She is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Dr. Towner is a member of the F. & A. M., Rural xlmity Lodge, No. 70, and also of the Royal Arcanum, Queen Esther Lodge, No. 1153, and is medical examiner for the latter ; he is a Republican, and is a member of the school board. He is a member of the American Institute of Homeopathy. S. G. TOWNSEND, farmer and stock-grower, P. O. North Rome, was born in Sheshequin, this count}^ May 17, 1830, and is a son of Elijah and Sallie (Gore) Townsend, tlie former of whom was born in New York and came to this count}^ while yeta3^oung man, locating in Rome township, where he purchased timbered land containing 800 acres, and for the greater portion of his life he followed lumbering and rafting; he had a family of eight children, asfolloAvs: Hannah Matilda, married to Selim Murphy, and has been dead several years; Henry, also deceased; Hezekiah has his third wife, and now resides in Idaho; Sarah, married to Enslie GiUett; Emeline, married to Henry Struble; Deborah, married to Austin VanAVinkle (since deceased), and is now living in Chautauqua county, N. Y.; S. G., subject of this sketch; Mary, mar- ried toRossiter Gillett. Mr. Townsend was born and reared on a farm, and educated in the common schools, which he attended until eighteen years old. On reaching his majority he purchased eighty -three acres, which he still owns, and began farming. In 18 — he went to Wiscon- sin, and worked in the pineries two years; from there moved to Minne- sota and pre-empted a quarter section of land. Returning to Brad- ford county, he was married in 18 — , then returned to Minnesota and took up his residence. While there he was elected to the office of jus- tice of the peace. In 1863 he was called home on account of an injury received by his father who was thrown from a wagon, which rendered him an invalid until his death. He at once took charge of his fathers affairs, and soon brought order and success out of considerable con- fusion. He now owns over 200 acres of splendid land; the present resi- dence, built in 1874, is an elegant modern farm house; he does an exten- sive lumbering and farming business, and his farm is well stocked. Mr. Townsend was united in marriage, in November, 18 — , with Elizabeth, daughter of Jonathan Ilockins, of Broome county, N. Y., and to them were born five children, as follows: Eddie, Oscar, Freddie and Jessie (all deceased); Eva, married to S. E. Bradley; and they have also an adopted daughter, Frankie. Mr. Townsend has always been remark- ably successful in his business enterprises, and besitles his large farm interests owns two houses and lots and three valuable vacant lots in Athens. He is an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and holds the position of steward; is a Republican, and has held the office of justice of the ])eace two terms. Among the many successful farmers of this county, none stands higher in the respect of the com- munitv in which they live than Mr. Townsend. JULIUS TOZER (second), farmer, Athens township, P. O. Waverly, N. Y., was born in Athens township, this count}^, January r^iS-i HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 4, 1839, son of Joel M. and Elizabeth (Gross) Tozer, the former of whom was born in Athens, on the Chemung river, in 1806, and the latter in Bucks county, Pa. Joel Tozer was the son of Julius Tozer, who was a native of Connecticut, and removed from that State to a place called ''Falling Springs" on the Susquehanna river, in this State ; after a short stay he removed to Bradford county in 1791, locating on the Chemung river, north and west of Athens borotfgh. He pui'chased a farm of 150 acres in the wilderness, cleared a spot for his log house, and went on building and improving, and soon added 2-tO to his first purchase, making nearly four hundred acres. He built a more commodious house out of hewed logs, of which there was an abundance, then built a modern frame building to accommodate his increasing family, which numbered thirteen, eleven of wiiom grew to maturity and lived to good old ages — Lucy living to be ninety years of age. Julius (first) died in 1852 in his eightieth year. Joel, the father of our subject, commenced life on his father's farm; he and his brother built a sawmill, which they operated several years, after which they sold the mill property and confined themselves to farming. He lived a life uneventful, and died July 3, 1879, in the seventy-fourth year of his age; his family consisted of eight children, six of whom orew to maturity and are living at the present. Julius (second) who is the second in the family, was reared and educated in Athens, and always worked on a farm at home. He married Miss Hattie Casada, by whom he had two children : Elizabeth and Julius, both living. He is an enterprising farmer, raising a mixed crop,' but giving some attention to tobacco. Mr. Tozer has the confidence of his fellow-citi- zens who elected him to the office of town commissioner; politically he is a Democrat. RALPH TOZER, proprietor of coal yard, Athens, is a native of Athens and was born November 9, 1829, a son of Guy and Welthin (Kmney) Tozer, the former a native of Athens and the latter of She- shequin township, this county. Guy Tozer was a farmer, a soldier of the War of 1812, and was elected sheriff of Bradford county in 1836 ; he died in Athens in 1877, in his seventN'-eighth year. Mrs. Guy Tozer died in 1868, in her sixty-seventh year. The grandfather, Col. Julius Tozer, was a Revolutionary vetei'an, raised a company from Athens and vicinity, was their captain in the War of 1812-14, and was wounded while in the service. Raij)h Tozer is the second in a family of eight children, of whom five are still living, and was reared on a farm. He clerked in a store several years; studied law and was admitted to the bar in this county about the year 1853, but did not practice his profes- sion. In 1855 he went down into the Lehig-h coal reijions. and was in the employ of Packer. Carter ct; Co. twelve years, beginning as book- keeper and when he left vvas superintendent of tlicir four mines; fi'om there he went to New York City, and was in the employ of G. B. Lin- derman tfe Co. nearly two years ; thence went to Towanda and was superintendent of the Schrader Manufacturing Company two years ; then moved to Memphis, Tenn., and was pai'tner in a wholesale grocery and cotton house two years. Ileturning to Wyoming X'alley, he started two general stores under the firm name of Tozer, Crane & HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1235 Leonard, and remained there seven years; then went to Bethlehem, and organized a store in connection with the Bethlehem Iron Works, where he remained until 1883, when he returned to his native place and bought D. C. Gray's coal yard ; in June, 1884, the coal yard was burned. Tozer's coal yard now does a retail business of about 6,000 tons a year. Mr. Tozer was married in Athens, in 1853, to Miss Sarah, daughter of Samuel and Sarah (Bidlack) Ovenshire, natives of this county (she is the youngest in a family of seven children, and was born in Athens, in Julv, 1831). Mr. and Mrs. Tozer had born to them two children: Eafph F. (deceased) and Albert R. Mr. Tozer is a member of the F. & A. M., Rural Amitv Lodee, No. 70, and is a Democrat. ALBERT O. TRACY, farmer, P. O. East Smithfield, was born March 15, 1829, on the farm where he now lives, a son of Bulkley and Bathsheba (Scott) Tracy, of East Haddam, Conn., who came to this county w^ith his father when a boy, in 1805. Nehemiah Tracy was a great-great-grandson of Mary Chilson, the first woman who put her foot on Plymouth Rock, at the landing of the Pilgrims; the family trace their'ancestry back to the year 965. Hugh Tracy, who was a sheriff of Gloucestershire in the time of Queen Elizabeth and James I., was one of the family. Our subject's grandfather was a major in the Revolutionary War, and served seven years; was a man of influence and many years a strong supporter of the Congregational Church, at East Smithfield. Mr. Tracy's mother, who resides with him, and is eighty -one years of age, is a member of the same church. In early life Mr. Tracy taught school many years; he is a member of the Free- masons, and has been secretary of many Lodges and Societies in this town ; is a Republican in politics and has held various offices of public trust. His mother's grandfather, William Scott, was a quarter-master in the War of the Revolution, and was probably one of the same family of Gen. Winfield Scott. CHARLES L. TRACY, president of the First National Bank, and a member of the firm of Humi)hrey Bros. & Tracy, Towanda, is a native of Bradford county, born January 30, 1845, and is the son of Guy and Ulilla (Hoyt) Tracy, natives of Bradford county and Con- nec*ticut, respectively. The father w^as a merchant, and for years was one of the leading prominent business men of the county, where he died in 1867, regretted by a wide circle of friends. His family was composed of one daughter and two sons, of whom Charles was the second, and who attended the public schools in his native place and then entered Fort Edward Institute, New York. Soon after leaving his school he sought and found employment as a clerk in the First National Bank of Towanda, where he remained five years ; he resigned this position to become one of the firm of Humphrey Bros. & Tracy, manufacturers of boots and shoes, an institution that is now one of the most important business concerns in the county, employing over one hundred operatives, their product being over 60,000 pairs of shoes annually, and in connection with their factory they carry on a large jobbing shoe trade. September 29, 1869, Charles L. Tracy was mar- ried to Eliza F.. daughter of Hon. Judson HolcomI), who for many years was Index clerk H. R. IJ. S., Washington, I>. C, and editor and 1230 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUJSiTY. one of the proprietors of the Bradford Repuhlican. Of this marriage are the following children : Ulilla H., Clara M., Charles H. and Fan- nie Louise. The subject of this sketch is a member of the Universal- ist Church, of which he is a trustee; he is a thirty-second degree Mason; riepublican in politics; and his steps in the bank have been clerk, director, vice-president, up to president, a position which he now holds. HON. ELIJAH G. TRACY, M. D.,a prominent physician of Troy, was born in Smithfield township, this county, May 30, 1S25, and is a son of Orramel and Cynthia (Kellogg) Tracv, whose ancestors were of Puritan stock, having come over in the "Mayflower," in 1620. The paternal grandparents, Nehemiah and Lucy (Olmstead) Trac}?^, were natives of East Haddam, Conn., and settled in Bradford county in 1805. locating in Smithfield township, where they cleared and improved a farm, on which they lived and died, the grandfather dying in 1816; they reared a family of seven children, viz.: Olmstead, Orramel, Aro- bul!, Bulklev, James G., Elijah S. and Sally L., of whom Orramel was born in East Haddam, Conn., in 1793, came to Smithfield with his parents in 1805, and, on attaining his majority, cleared a farm of 130 acres, on Avliich he resided until his death, in 1857; his wife was a (Uiughter of Samuel and Sarah (Pierce) Kellogg, of Smitlifield town- ship, formerly of Poultney, Yt., by whom he had seven chiklren, who grew to maturity: Cai-oline (Mrs. A. Mott), Elijah G., Alonzo, Ann E. (Mrs. Emor F. Wood), Alanson C, Chapin and Edward G. Subject was reared in Smithfield township, educated at Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, Lima, N. Y,, began the study of medicine, in 1850, with Dr. Daniel Holmes, of Smithfield, and entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia, in 1853. In the fall of same year, he began the practice of his profession at Windham, this county, later carried it on in Lycoming county, and in the fall of 1855 he located in Sylvania, this county, where he remained twenty- one years; in 1876, he removed to Troy, where he has been in active practice since. The Doctor -was married, October 26, 1856, to Juliette, a daughter of David L. and Clarissa (Baldwin) Smith, of Sylvania. Dr. Tracy is a member of the Presbyterian Church at Sylvania, which he was lai'gely instrumental in building; his uncle, Bulklev, and grand- father were members of the Congregational Church of Smithfield, his grandfather having erected the first Congregational Church in that township, and his uncle, Bulklev, tlie second, on the site of the old one; each died within a year after their respective churches were erected; the Doctor left Sylvania before the Presbyterian Church of that place was completed, thus avoiding the fate of his forefathers. Dr. Tracy is a member of the Bradford County Medical Society and the American Medical Association. He is a Sir Knight Templar. Politically he is a stanch Republican, and was a member of the State Legislature in 1875-76. GEORGE P. TRACY, M. D., Monroeton, was born in Towanda l)orougii, this county, April 18, 1827, a son of George and Hannah M. (liidgway) Tracy. Ilispatei-nal grandparents were Solomon and Mary (Wells) Tracy, of whom the former was boi-n at Preston, Conn., June 1, 1756, the second son of Isaac and Mehitable (Ford) Tracy. Isaac HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, 1237 Tracy was a son of Francis Tracy, who was a son of Jonathan and Mary (Griswold) Tracy, Jonathan being a son of Lieut. Thomas Tracy, born in 16l(», a native of Tewkesbury, England, who immigrated to Salem, Mass., in 1636; in 1645 he moved to Saybrook, Conn.; then in 1660 to Norwich, Conn., where he died, November Y, 1685. Solomon Tracy, paternal grandfather of our subject, was a soldier of the Revo- lutionary War, and one of the earliest pioneers of the county, having settled in Ulster, this county, in 1790, where he had, in 1788, purchased 400 acres of land under the Connecticut title, and here he resided until 1809, when he removed to Angelica, Allegany Co., JST. Y.; he died in Canandaigua, N. Y., April 4, 1835; his widow died in Standing Stone, this county, November 22, 1848. Their children were: Mehitable (Mrs. Solomon Rawson), Charlotte (Mrs. Oliver Moore), Catherine (Mrs. Zebadiah Nobles), Hila (Mrs. Jonathan Nobles), Ira, George, Leicester, Isaac, Guy and Henry W. Of these, George was born in Ulster townsiiip, this count v, April 11, 1797, and removed with his father to Angehca, N. Y., in 1809. In 1824 or 1825 he bought back the old homestead in Ulster at sheriff's sale, but sold it the same year, and located in Towanda, where he engaged in mercantile business, and resided until 1832, when he removed to Monroeton, where he carried on mercantile business up to 1840. He was a justice of the peace for many years, and in 1850 \vas appointed associate judge of Bradford county by Governor William F. Johnston. George Tracy died June 3, 1877. His wife was a daughter of Burr and Alice (Coolbaugh) Ridgway, early and prominent settlers of Br-adford county (of whom mention is made elsewhere), and by her he had children,' as follows: George P., Henry C. and Burr R. " George P. Tracy, the subject proper of this sketch, was reared in Monroeton, and received an academic education. In 1851 he engaged in railroad enterprise in Ohio, as book-keeper and general overseer on sections 24, 25 and 26 of the Steuben ville & Indiana Railroad, and in 1854 he applied for, obtained and finished a contract for a portion of the Chartiers Valley Railroad, runnmg from Pittsburgh to Washing- ton, Pa. In 1816 he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. J. M. Goodrich, and later studied with Dr. D. N. Newton, of Towanda, and graduated from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in March, 1859. In 1862 he was appointed, by Governor Curtin, assistant surgeon of the Ninetieth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volimteers, and was promoted and commissioned surgeon of the Forty-Sixth P. V. I., June 8, 1863. On July 1, 1863. he was taken prisoner at Gettysl)urg, but was paroled on the spot, which parole, however, the Government did not recog- nize, and he was ordered to resume the duties of his command. On July 4 he was mustered into the Forty-sixth P. V. I. as its surgeon and chief medical officer, which position he filled until the close of the war. He then engaged in the practice of his profession at Burlington until April, 1886, when he retired from active practice, and has since resided in Monroeton. On March 26, 1868, the Doctor was married to Ann W. (Larsen) Lomax, daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth Larsen, and widow of William Lomax, of Philadelphia, and by her he had two children : Hannah M. (Mrs. Lodell I). Burns) and Larsen. Dr. Tracy 73 1238 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. is a member of Bradford County Medical Society, to which he became attached in 1860. HENRY C. TRACY, Monroeton, is a native of Towanda, Pa., born April 8, 1829, a son of George and Hannah M. (Ridgway) Tracy. He was reared in Monroeton from three years of age, and educated in the common schools. In 1857 he embarked in the mercantile business at Monroeton, at which he successfully continued, off and on, for twenty years, and has been interested in a general store in New Albany since 1870. He married, in 1858, Harriet S., daughter of Lyman and Samantiia (Preston) Dodge, of As3^1um town- ship, and has one daughter, Eugenia (Mrs. Jolm L. Rockwell). Mr. Tracy is a member of the E. & A. M. and is a Royal Arch Mason. In politics he is a Republican. HON. HENRY W. TRACY (deceased) was born in Ulster town- ship, this county, September 24, 1807, a son of Solomon Tracy, who was born in Litchfield county. Conn., June 1, 1756, and left home when but a young man, going to a place called " Drowned Lands," in Oswego county, N. Y., and from tliere he went to Lackawanna. He was a soldier in the French-Indian War, and came to Wyoming, whence he moved to Ulster, where he arrived in 1789. In 1809 he removed to Angelica, N. Y., and lived with his son, Ira Trac}'', near Canandaigua, dying April 4, 1835. He had married Mary Wells, who was born in Southold, L. I.; she was a sister of Gen. Henry Wells, for whom Wellsburg, N. Y., and Wells township, this county, were named ; she died November 22, 1848, leaving ten chiltlren, as follows: Mehitable Rawson, born October 19, 1789 ; Charlotte, born October 24, 1791, wife of Oliver Moore ; Catherine, born November 3, 1793 ; Ira, born March 25,1795; George, born April 11, 1797; Hila. born Mav 3, 1799, wife of J. Nobles; Leister, born April 3,1801; Isaac, born October 30, 1803; Guy, born October 14, 1805, and Henry W. Tracy. The last named was educated in the Angelica Seminary, in Allegany county, N. Y., and studied law in the office of Aaron Burr, and then came to Standing Stone and engaged in business with his brother, George Tracy, in 1830, under the firm name of Tracy Broth- ers, dealers in general merchandise, who carted their goods from Rochester and Owego. They had a lumber yard in Havre de Grace. He purchased liis bi-otiier's interest in the business, in 1S39, and formed a partnership with II. P. Moore, undei- the firm name of Trac}'^ & ^.looi'e, dealers in general merchandise, Towanda, but they were burned out in 1868. He was also in pai'tnership with Judson Holcoml) in a store in Rome, Pa.; he dealt largely in real estate, and owned at his death 1,000 acres; he built his house in 1833, and two of the largest barns in the township. He married, December 5, 1833, Emma, daughter of Elisha and Sarah (Myer) Reed (she was the third of eight cliildi'en, a native of Dutchess county. N. Y.); she died IMarch 26. 1847, ami Ml'. Tracy nuiri'ied. June 30. 1870, Emma T., daughter of John C. and Jane A. (lieed) Wells, and who is now the only surviving mem- ber of her family. There were by this marriage two childi'en : Ileni-y W., Jr., born October 4, 1874, and Jennie, born April 4, 1871, wife of E. W. Hale, Jr. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 123'J Henry W. Tracy died full of years and honors, his great wealth equaled by the esteem and confidence of his feilow-nian. Prominent many years in all public affairs, and in his private business a man of large affairs, yet he served his neighbors well in the Legislature in 1861-62; soon thereafter he was a member of the XXXVlIIth Con- gress. In 1S66 he was Collector of the Port of Philadelphia, was one of the influential delegates to the Kepublican National Convention, Chi- cago, in 1860. and was one of the first to advocate Abraham Lincoln of that 'strong Pennsylvania delegation that did so much finally for his nomination. He passed from earth April 11, 1886. JAMES G. TRACY, farmer, P. O. East Smithfield, was born m East Haddara, Conn., February 17, 1802, and came to Smithfield township, this county, with his parents, ^ehemiah and Lucy (Olmstead) Tracy, in 1805. This family trace their genealogy directly back to Mary Chil- son, who came over in the "Mayflower/' and was the first woman to land on Plymouth Rock. John Tracy married Mary Winslow, a daughter of' Marv Chilson. Our subject's father was a great-grand- son of this celebrated woman, and a man of influence. The family united with the Congregational Church at Smithfield, in 1810, of which he was a strong supporter. James G. Tracy married, in 1828, Louisa Childs, and to them were born four children, two of whom are living, as follows: Harriet, wife of W. H. Carpenter, and Edwin P., born November 23, 1834, is a bachelor and now owns and manages the farm, also operates a saw and grist mill on his farm. Mr. Tracy was a Federalist, then a Whig, and afterward a Republican from the formation of the party. He has always been an active and consistent member of the Congregational Church at East Smithfield, and is one of the most interesting men of the town, being now in his ninetieth year, and still bright and active, mentally and physically. His mind IS well-stored with historical reminiscences. His father. Nehemiah, was a Revolutionary soldier, as were two of his brothers; they were in the Light Horse Cavalrv. WILLIAM TRACY, farmer, P. O. Hoblet, was born January 13, 1824, in Smithfield, this countv, near where he now resides, a son of James O. and Anna (Watkins),'Tracy, the former of whom was reared at East Haddam, Conn., and came to Smithfield when fourteen years of age with his parents in 1805; he died in February, 1870, aged eighty years; he was a man of influence, a Whig and Republican, strong in politics, and a faithful Christian. The mother's family were among the earlv settlers of the tow^n ; she died in June, 1872, at the age of eighty.' The grandfather, Nehemiah Tracy, was a direct descendant of Mary Chilson, one of the "Mayflower Pilgrims;" he died at the age of sixty -three. The subject of this memoir is fourth in a family of twelve children, eleven of whom are now living. He was married, February 28, 1849, to Harriet M., the eldest of four children of Albert and Cvnthia M. (Sargent) Leonard, of Springfield; she was born October 7', 1827. The Leonards were the first settlers in the townshii> of Springfield. Grandfather Leonard was a soldier in the Revolution. Her father died at the age of eighty -one, and her mother at seventy-two years. To Mr. and Mrs. Tracy were born three I'-i-iO HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. children, two of whom are living: Myrr T., born July 29, 1853, married to Emma Wood; and Edwarcf P., born December 7, 1858, married to Ida Moody. Mr. Tracy is a strong Republican, and has been an active man in the affairs of the township, holding the offices of school director, auditor and commissioner and other positions of public trust; he and his wife are members of the Congregational Church, and he is a member of the F. & A. M. He owns one farm of about 120 acres of fine land, and is respected by all. J. HENRY TRIPPE (deceased) was a native of Tyrone, N. Y., born April 3, 1839, a son of William and Clarissa (Palmer) Trippe, natives of New York. He was the eldest in a family of three children, was reared in his native place, and learned the miller's trade, which he followed at Centre Village, N. Y., until 1865, when he purchased a general store there which he carried on until the winter of 1869 ; then sold out and removed to Canton in the spring of 1870; then engaged in the hardware business with Theodore Pierce, under the firm name of Pierce & Trippe. At the end of two years the firm was changed to Pierce, Trippe tt Pierce. Mr. Trippe sold his interest in November, 1878, and again engaged in the hardware business by him- self, which is still carried on by the sons. He was married, December 31, 1862, at Centre Village, N. Y., to Florence V., daughter of James M. and Sarah A. (Watrous) Marshall, natives of Broome county, N. Y. James M. Marshall, a farmer, was born April 21, 1816, and died in liis native place, Centre Village, October 30, 1882. Mrs. Marshall still survives him and resides at Centre Village. Mrs. Trippe is the second in order of birth in a family of three children, and was born near Centre Vdlage, l^roome Co., N. Y., September 14, 1843. To Mr. and Mrs. Trippe were born four children : Grace A. (deceased); James L. (deceased); William M. and Fred II. J. Henry Trippe died September 30, 1885, a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church ; he was a member of the I. (). O. F. The following is taken from the Canton Sentinel: "As a business man ]\Ir. Ti'ippe wasone of the best. In his knowledge of men, and in adapting himself to their needs, in forming friendships, and in retaining friends he had rare power, i^s a citizen he sought the moral and spiritual welfare of the community. He had the wisdom to see that whatever promoted these interests caused the town and its homes to prosper. As a Christian he has cheered the hearts of his l)rethren by his earnest and wise words, his ardent prayers and hoi)eful spirit, by beai'ing disagreeable duties and by filling places of trust with credit to himself and great good to the church of which he was for ten years a member." Mrs. Trippe is a member of the Presbyterian Church. J. C. TURNER, farmer, (Janton townshi]), P. O. Canton, is a native of Canton township, this county, and was born October 14, 1828; his parents were Jolin and Lida (Sellard) Turner, nniives of County Armagh, Ii-eland, and Bradford county, respectivelv. -lohn Turner was a son of Francis Turner, a shoemaker by trade, who Jilso followed farming; he emigrated from Ireland to Quebec, in 1821, remained there a short time, then located in Philadelphia; he resided there until 1826, when he removed to Canton township, where he died, HISTORY OF RRADFORD COUNTY. l^i-il in ISOG, in his sixty-sixth year. Mrs. Turner was born in 1813, and still survives her liusbantL Mr. Turner's maternal grandfather, Stephen Sellard, was a soldier in the War of 1812. J. C. Turner, the subject of the sketch, who is the eldest in order of birth in a family of five livino- children, received his education in the common schools, learned the shoemaker's trade, which he carried on until 1851, when he went to California, and followed mining there until 1854. Returning to Canton in 1855, he engaged in the boot and shoe business, and fol- lowed that until 1861. He enlisted, August 27, 1861, in Company D, One Hundred and Sixth P. V. I.; he was in active service, taking part in the following: the battle of Fair Oaks, and Siege of Yorktown and Fredericksburg; he was mustered out at Washington, D. C.,on account of disability, March 3, 1863, and returned home, where he farmed five years; then sold his farm, on account of his health, and in 1875 removed to San Bernardino county, Cal., purchased a small farm, and remained there about nine years; he then returned to Canton town- ship, where he has been farming and in the dairy business. He was married in Canton, in 1857, to Julia, daughter of Lewis and Maria (Taber) Wheat, natives of Canton township (she is the eldest of four living children, and was born in Canton township, June 21, 1838). Mr. Turner is a member of the G. A. R., Ingham Post, No. 91, and in politics he is a Republican. HON. EDMUND M. TUTON, merchant, Bentley Creek, was born in County Down, Ireland, near the city of Belfast, October 16, 181:1, a son of George and Christine (Longwell) Tuton, natives of the above place. The father was a blacksmith. His parents were of Scotch- Irish origin, and were professors of the Quaker religion. The family removed to America when Edmund M. was one year old. They remained a time at Troy, N. Y., and then removed to Bradford county, and, in 1855, settled in Ridgebury, where they were farmers. Subject, in 1863, enlisted and served as a private soldier in Company E, Tenth New York Cavalry, until the close of the war. On his return home he attended school for nearly two years, and then, in 1868, engaged in mercancile business, and, in 1876, he embarked in business for him- self, under the firm name of Craig & Tuton. The firm has been very prosperous, and now conducts probably the largest business of the kind in the township. Mr. Tuton is a Republican, and is popular with his party. In the fall of 1886 he was elected to the State Legislature, and was in the House two years. He is a member of the G. A. R., I. O. O. F. and Order of Knights Templar. Mr. Tuton was married, January 8, 1871, to Miss Eva Robinson, by whom he has five children, as follows: Fannie, Frederick, John C, Harriet and Christine. He is one of the most genial and progressive men in the township, and is much respected bv a large circle of friends. JOSEPH W.^ TUTTLE, farmer and stock-grower, P. O. Allis Hollow, was born in Standing Stone, this county, January 8, 1842, and is a son of Harvey and Margaret (Mingle) ' Tuttle, pioneers, who resided the greater portion of their lives at the lower end of " Red Rocks." The Mingles came to Standing Stone in 1825. The father was one of a family of five children. There were seven children in 1342 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. the father's family, viz.: John P., M. C. Alfred, Joseph W., Francis M. (married to F. M. Brown), Jane R. (married to Frederick Brooks) and M. L. The mother died when Joseph W. was eight 3^ ears old, and from that time until his majority his home was with Capt. Isaac Parks, of Ilerrick township. He received the usual school privileges of the time, and secured a good education. After reaching his majority he went to Mahonmg county, Ohio, where he worked at farming for a short time, and October 21, 1863, he enlisted in the Twelfth Ohio Cavalry. On April 19, 1865, while on a scout with four comrades, he was captured. He participated in the battles of Mt. Sterling, and Cynthiana, K3^, and many others, where he was under constant fire four days; then was in two raids to capture King's Salt Works, the last of which was successful; then went across Broad Mountain and and along the line of the North Carolina Central Railroad. He was mustered out at Camp Chase, Ohio, under General Order No. 77, and went to Mahoning count>% where he resided until 1868; he then returned to Orwell. Mr. Tuttle was united in wedlock, November 1, 1871, with Sarah L\^ons. [See sketch of Isaac Lyons.] Mr. and Mrs. Tuttle have had one child, Don Isaac Lee, born August 16, 1879. The family worship at the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is a mem- ber of the I. O. O. F., and of the F. & A. M.; is also a member of Stevens Post, No. 69, G. A. R.; he is a Republican, and has been school director several years. He now resides on the farm of his wife's father, Isaac Lyons. But few command more respect than he and his excellent wife. WILLIAM UNDERWOOD, farmer, P. O. Greene's Landing, was born in Spencer, Tioga Co., N. Y., March 22, 1835, a son of James and Delilah (Crum) Underwood, the former born in Vermont, the latter in New York. The father of James was a Revolutionary soldier, and a native of Vermont. William Ci-um, grandfather of William Underwood, was a soldier in the War of 1812. James, the father of subject, removed from Vermont to New York State about 181 1, coming to this county in 1839, and locating near Greene's Landing, where he passed the remainder of liis days; he died in 1852 in the fifty-fifth year of his age; his family consisted of three children — two sons and one daughter. William Underwood, whose name opens this sketch, is the eldest in the family, and always worked on a farm. At the age of twenty-seven, in September, 1861, he married Miss Agnes, daughter of Edward and Agnes McMorran, of Greene's Landing, by wliich union there were four children born: James, Mary, Ellen and William, two of whom grew to maturitv, one now living, James, married to Miss Emma, daughter of George and Elizabeth Page. Mr. Underwood is an enterprising farmer, residing on a well-cultivated farm of 150 acres, on which he has lived fifty-two years; his farm is adapted to grain-raising and butter-making. His mother is still living at the age of eiglit3'-three years. He is a RepiUjlican, and has held the office of town commissioner; he is a member of the Knights of Ilonoi". LEVI W. UPIIAM, farmer. Pike township, P. O. Neath, was born in Rome, Pa., November 2, 1837, son of Cyrus and Elizabeth (Thatcher) HISTORY OF BRADFORD COU^'^TY. 1243 Upliam, the former ;i native of Massachusetts, llie latter of Home, I*a. L. W. was adopted at an early age by an uncle living in Dudley, Mas- sachusetts, where he was educated, and began teactiing at eighteen, and taught Mve years. He enlisted in September. 18(51, in Company D, Twenty-fifth Massachusetts Infantry, participated in all the raids and skirmishes of his regiment in North (yarolina, including the follow- ing engagements : New Berne, Roanoke Island, Beaufort, Whitehall, Kingston, Gum Swamp, Tar-Borough, and (loldsboro Bridge, also Ber- nuuhi Hundred, several fights at Petei'sburg and at Drury's Bluff, where he was wounded. He s|)ent a short time in hos[)ital, and was then detailed as ordnance clerk of the military post at Point Lookout, Md., and was mustered out July 13, 1865, at Boston, Mass., then came to Pike, where he engaged in farming. lie married Catharine Thomas, a daughter of John and (Twennie (Williams) Thomas, natives of Wales; her parents came to Pike in 1831. This happy union has been blessed with the following children: Mary, Carrie, Walter, Katie and John. Mr. Upham and two eldest daughters are members of the Congrega- tional Church at Neath, and Mrs. Upham of the Baptist Church at Warren Centre. He is a member of the G. A. E., Spalding Post, No, 33, and is a Republican in politics. WILLIAM UPSON, farmer and stock-grower, Orwell township, P. O. Orwell, was born in Burlington, Conn., February 2, 1848, a son of Charles H. and Amanda (Humphrey) Upson, the former of whom was born in Wolcott, Conn., June 4, 1809, was a currier and trainer, and came from Connecticut in a lumber wagon in 1848, settling in Orwell township, and he died of heart failure June 7, 1SS8 ; the latter was born in 1811, and died Api-il 10, 1884. Thev were married in 1832, and had a family of eleven children (eight born in Connecticut), viz. : Washington, Henry (deceased), Charles (who was in the army and died in a Southern hospital), Mar\' (married to W. D. Chaffee, of Potterville), Caroline (deceased wife of L. A. Darling), Rhoda (mar- ried to J. D. Cook, of Nebraska), Amanda M. (married to J. D. Cook, and after her decease he married her sister, Rhoda), Cyrus (wdio was a member of the Sixteenth New York Cavalry and tlied in the Alexan- dria Hospital), William, Theodore (deceased), Marcus H. (in Connecti- cut). William Ujison was reared in Orwell township and educated in the common schools, and Albion College, Michigan, When aged twenty he left home and went to Connecticut, where he remained about two years, and then to Michigan, where he attended school for a time, and became a traveling salesman. He returned to Connecticut and farmed three years; October 16, 18T3, he was married to Adella J. Russell, of Connecticut, and had four children: the first died in infancy, Russell M., Adella May and Charles AV. His wife died December 29. 1885, and he was married, the second time, March 29, 1888, to Perintha Payson, daughter of J. W. and Elizabeth (Alger) Payson. Her father was a son of Nathan Payson, who came a pioneer to this county in 1810; her mother was a daughter of Elijah and Martha (Kennedy) Alger, who came to Bradford county in 1819, and were among the hardy set wdio stripped the hill-sides of the primitive forests. Mr. and Mrs. Payson were married April 14, 1850, and, with 1244 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. the exception of eleven years spent on Orwell Hill, passed their entire lives on their farm, and had a family of three children, viz.: Perintha; Martha, married to J. W. Ford, of Orwell, and William G., died, aged four. J\f r. Payson died July 20, 1882, but Mrs. Payson survives. Mr. Upson has 170 acres of line farm land, well stocked with cattle, sheep and horses, and he has a dairy. The family are members of the Pres- byterian Church ; he is a Republican, has held various town offices, and is at present road commissioner. JOHN B. VANDEMAPtK, merchant and butcher. Sugar Run, was born in Wilmot, this county, July 23, 1861, and is the eldest of the three children of Stephen D. and Polly (Brown) Yandemark, the former a native of New York, born of English and Dutch descent, the latter a native of Pennsylvania, of New England origin. He began life for himself at the age of twenty-six, in the butcher's busi- ness, and January 1, 1890, he opened a grocery store in Sugar Run, Avhere he is now engaged in business; he also continues the meat mar- ket; in the fall of 1890 he shipped more game than any other dealer in Pennsylvania. Mr. Yandemark was married, August 20, 1887, to Miss Mary, daughter of Albert D. ajid Alice (Bartram) Hoag, of Sharon, Conn. They have three children: Loran, born Jul}'- 14, 1888, Alice, born February 11, 1890, and S. Franklin, born August 29, 1891. Mr. Yandemark is a member of the I. O. O. F., Clauson Lodge, Sugar Run, No. 920, and in politics he is a Republican. DANIEL YANDERPOOL, farmer, of Terry township, P. O. Marsh Yiew, was born March 10, 1840, and was reared and educated in the township. He is a son of Samuel and Nancy (Yanderpool) Yanderpool, the former born in Towanda, and the latter in Moni-oe, this county. Samuel is the son of Richard, who was also born in Monroe, and Richard is the son of Anthonv, who was descended from a German who immigrated to this country. Anthony was a mill- wright b}' trade, and it is said built the first gristmill in the countv. He had a family of eight children, one of whom is now living at the advanced age of eighty-six years. Richard was a farmer and resided in Towanda township until fifty years of age, when he came to Terrv, where he resided until liis death, at the age of sixty-five years. Sam- uel was also a farmer, and manufactured lumber to some extent, and proved more successful than his progenitors ; he cleared and improved a neat farm of fifty acres; his family consisted of thirteen children, by two marriages, eight of whom grew to maturit\^ Daniel was the third, and is al^o a successful farmer, having in his own name and right two hundred and ten acres, in two farms ; he is a general farmer, but giv^es prefarence to hay making. At the age of twenty-one, June 12, 1801, he married Miss liebecca, daughter of Cornelius and Delight Yanderpool, and they have had thirteen children, eight of whom are now living, viz.: Chester, P'rank, Louisa, Lewis, Martin, Norman H., Nellie and IMinor. He is a member of tlie P. of L NELSON A^ANDERPOOL, farmer, Terry township, P. O. Marsh Yiew, was born in Terry township, this county, February 12, 1827, a son of Henry and Esther (Yincent) Yanderpool, both of" whom came from New York aiul are supposed to have been natives of that State. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1245 The father is the son of Aiithonv Vanderpool, a native of Holland, who came to this county when a young man ; was a man of genius, and made all kinds of musical instruments ; he was a mechanic, and built a mill, the first in the county, located near Hale's mill, Towanda ; his life was an eventful one, and he died at the advanced age of one hundred years, after having reared a famdy of nine children. Henry, his son, was not as enterprising. He married Esther Vincent, and began life near Terrytown, on the Susquehanna river, as a shingle maker, but made no effort in agricultural pursuits ; he died in 1871, at seventy years of age. Nelson Vanderpool was reared and educated in Terry' township, this county, and is a wide-awake farmer, having bought "the land on which his "father located, and to which he had no title; but which, under his watchful eye and strong arm, became a productive farm. At the age of twenty-two, Nelson Vanderpool was married to Miss Sarah, daughter of Charles and Sally O'Connor, and there were born to tliem two daughters: Eunice, married to Warren Hall, a farmer of means, and Permelia (deceased). Mr. Van- derpool is much respected by the people, and was honored by being- given the position of road commissioner, an office he filled satisfacto- rily ; has also been school director. In 1801 he showed his patriotism by enlisting in Company A, One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I., and defending his country in time of danger ; he served until the close of the war, was honorably discharged, and now draws a pension. His daughter, Mrs. Eunice Hall, owns the farm above referred to, CtEOKGE H. VANDYKE, ex-county commissioner, Ulster, and a leading farmer, was born in Bradford county. Pa., August 27, 1819, and has lived all his life in Ulster townshij>. In 1845 he began farming, but continued to saw and raft lumber until 1869, since which year he has devoted his time entirely to farming and dairying ; he owns 160 acres of fine river land, well improved and under a high state of cultivation, and keeps a dairy of not less than twelve cows. His early education was received in the common schools of his day, -when the children walked five or six miles through the woods to a round log school-house ; in going to and returning from school the children would frequently have to run nearly ail the way to keep from being late. His parents being poor, he was compelled to labor hard on the farm, and so his edu- cational privileges were limited to three months in the yeai", for about four years. He accumulated his first property by the lumber business, in which he was successful. In 1815, he was united in marriage with Caroline Hutchinson; by this marriage there were two cliildren, viz.: William, who died April 4, 1888, and Henrietta, wife of C. Fergurson, of Elmira, N. Y. In June, 1865, his wife died, and in September, 1868, he was married to Lizzie, daughter of William and Mary'Willie, natives of AVest Virginia ; there were no children by this marriage; his second wife died in January, 1870, and on December 25, 1874, Mr. Vandyke was married (the third time) to Mary Esby, daughter of John Taylor, and she died in February, 1878 ; the fruit of this marriage was two children : James, who died December 31, 1881, and Frank. Mr. Vandyke has for many years been a member of and earnest worker in the Presbyterian Church, holding the position of .elder; in politics 1240 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. he has always been a Democrat, casting his first vote for Martin Van- I>ui'en; he now holds the office of county commissioner, being on his second term; has held the office of justice of the peace for more than twenty years; and has also held various other township offices. His father's family consisted of seven children, of whom he is the fourth, all of whom are in Ulster township. Mr. Vandyke has always been successful in his business, having secured an ample competence entirely through his own endeavors, and of the many excellent farmers of the county none stand fairer among all people. JAMES YAISTDYKE, farmer and stock-grower, Towanda, was born in Northumberland county, Pa,, January 13, 1816, a son of William and Susan (Daugherty) Vandyke. His father's family con- sisted of seven children, five of whom survive, all residents of this county and Ulster township. Mary Ann, the only daughter, is the wife of John Gillmore. William Vandyke came to this county in 1816, and located in Towanda, shortly afterward purchasing the property known as " Hale's mill," and afterward moved on to the farm now owned by Davis, where he died, aged seventy-eight. Our subject received his education in the Ulster schools, at a tender age, securing a fair education, for the time. His father having purchased a large tract of land covered with pine forests, James and his brother George, together, erected sawmills, sawed the lumber on the farm and rafted it down the river to Port Deposit. In 1859 he retired, having purchased the farm he now occupies in 1845; then it was deep woods, but it is now one of the finest farms in the county, containing 160 acres well-improved, and, with the exception of about twenty acres of wood-land, is under a high state of cultivation. Mr. Vandyke was married, February 4, 1858, to Frances, tlaughter of Henry Tieitzel, of J^ancaster county. Pa.; they have no children. Mr. Vandyke is one of the most successful men in the county ; has secured a competence through his own exertions, and is surrounded with all the comforts of life. He is a Democrat in politics. J. P. VAN FLEET, deputy county sheriff, Towanda, is a native of New York City, and was born Juh^ 23, 1830. His parents were Sam- uel C. and Deborah (Denton) Van Fleet, natives of Orange county, N. Y. In early life his father worked at the cooi)er's trade, and later at farming. He moved to LeRoy township, this count}'^, in December, 1837, and died here in September, 1873, in his sevent^^-first 3'ear. Mrs. Debo- rah Van Fleet was born in 1807, and died in Towanda, December 29, 1881. Our subject is the eldest of two sons, and was reared on the farm. Shortly after he became of age he suffered from a white swelling so much that iiis leg had to be amputated, in 1854. He then set about preparing himself for some other business. The opportunities for ac(piiring an education in tlu^se days were limited, but he attended private or subscri))tion school for some time, and tlien taught five terms of public school and one term of subscription school. He was married in Leiloy township, in February, 1862, to Miss Sarah A. Ing- ham, daughter of David and Hannah Ingham, natives of England. ]\[i-s. \'an Fleet is the fifth in a family of seven children, and was born in Monroe township, in 1839. To Mr. and Mrs. Yan Fleet were born HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1247 three children : tiie youngest died in infancy, Fannie (deceased) and J. Monroe. Mr. \"an Fleet moved to Towanda in December, 1863, as deputy sheriff under J. Monroe Smith. In 1865 he was elected county treasurer. In 1869 he was elected sheriff of Bi-adford county, and has been connected with the office since, except three years. Mr. and Mrs. Van Fleet are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., No. 167, and of the Encampment, also of the K. of P., and in politics is a Republican. DANIEL VAN GORDER, was born in New Jersey, January 10, 1812. About 1814 his parents located near Ithaca, N. Y., then removed to Pennsvlvania, where they resided until their deaths. Our subject removed to New York in 1822, where he engaged in farming and lumbering. In 1837 he married Sarah Bensley, and located at Factor vville, now Eilistown, N. Y. To them were born four children, as f(^llows: Anna, now Mrs. A. Warner, of Chemung Co., N. Y.; Lydia, Mrs. Barney Kane, Litchfield township ; Eliza, married to John Albert, of Athens' borough ; and Sarah, married to William Cantield, of Athens township. Mrs. Van Gorder died June 26, 1853. In 1855 our subject removed to Bradford county, and settled in Athens town- ship, where he purchased the farm he now owns and which he almost entirely cleared. August 3, 1858, he married his second wife, Maria Ann, daughter of Walter and Lucinda (Chaffee) Tucker, and grand- daughter of Samuel and Azubah (Sanger) Chaffee, on her mother's side, while her paternal grandparents were Walter Tucker, Sr., and his wife, whose maiden name was Franklin, all of Woodstock, Conn. Samuel Chaffee served in the Revolutionary War, and was in the division in which John Murray, one of the first preachers of Universalism in America, was chaplain, and enjoyed the favor of hearing him preach. The Tuckers in the United States are supposed to be descendants of three brothers of that name, who came from England in 1635. Mrs. Van Gorder's parents came to Pennsylvania in the year 1822. She was born May 19, 1829. Although not a modern spiritualist, she is inclined to be visionary. When nine years of age she was living with an aunt in Massachusetts, and there saw her first vision; she some- times writes for })ublications, mostly obituaries, near-ly always adding some original poetry. Her marriage with Mr. Van Gorder has been without issue. LUTHER C. VANHORN, farmer, P. O. Granville Summit, was born May 31, 1821, in Delaware county, N. Y., in the town of Walton, and is a son of Sidney and Amelia" (Curtis) VanHorn, natives of Springfield, Mass., and Bristol, Conn., respectively, who settled in Troy township, this county, in 1838, locating on the farm now owned by Lester VanHorn, which they cleared and improved, and there died; their children were as follows: Luther C, Leonard, Rachel (Mrs. William Barto), Lyman and Lester. The subject of the sketch was reared in Delaware countv, N. Y., until seventeen years of age, when he left for Troy, this county, with a knapsack on his back (used in the War of 1812),"^ containing his provisions, and a dollar and-a-half m money, arriving at his father's house with three and sixpence left. Afte/ reaching his majority he cleared a farm of 165 acres situated in 1248 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Granville and Troy townships, which he still owns, and in 1856 he settled on the farm he now occupies in Granville, most of which he cleared, and made all improvements in buildin^^s, etc. On June 15, 1842, he married Esther, daughter of Clark and Flavia Hooker, of Springfield township, and has children as follows : Sidney, Edgar, Stanley (deceased), Emery, Ella and Alice (Mrs. Wesley Hanscom). Mr. Van Horn is a leading farmer of Granville; is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics is a Republican. F. E. VAN LOAN, commercial salesman, Rome, was born in the township of Lenox, Susquehanna Co., Pa., January 25, 1858, and is a son of Daniel and Mary Van Loan, who now reside in Athens, this county. John Van Loan, great-grandfather to F. E. Van Loan, was born in Waalwijk, Holland, and immigrated to this country with his family, locating near the spot where East Durham now stands, in Greene county, N. Y., about the year 1790 ; the wife of John Van Loan was a weaver, and had a large loom in one corner of their log cabin, and one dav, while at work at the loom, weaving the " home-spun gray," a band of twelve Caboose Indians came in, who, after plundering the'cabin for eatables, left, each Indian striking his hatchet in the yarn beam of the loom, severing the warp. John Van Loan, Jr., grand- father to F. E., also lived many years at East Durham, N. Y., but later removed to Susquehanna county, this State, having a family of twelve children, viz.: Randsom, Thomas, John H., James, George and Jacob (twins), Daniel, Edgar, Libbie, Hattie and Kathron (twins), and Caroline. Frank's father was a farmer until 1883, when he retired from active life, and removed from his farm at North Rome to Athens, where he now resides. He was united in marriage, March 22, 185T, with Mary E. Richards, of Orwell township, daughter of Robert Richards, whose grandfather was born in North Wales, England, and immigrated to America with his two brothers. Daniel and Mary Van- Loanliad two children born to them, viz.: Frank E. and Lizzie V., wife of B. E. Heath, who reside in Athens; Frank grew to manhood with his parents, and worked upon his fathers farm, and, being a bright boy, received a good education. Frank's father was a private in the War of the Rebellion, serving in the latter part of the war, under Gens. Schofield and Terry, accompanying the expedition to Fort Fisher, under Butler; was in Comi)any G, Sevent\^-sixth Pennsylvania Volun- teers, Second Division, Tenth Army CoVps. In November, 1878, Frank, then twentv years of age, left the farm, and went to Sandwich, Delvalb Co., III., and at this time partook of his first meal in a hotel. He became an agent for a local sewing machine dealer, selling machines from a wagon. He remained there over a year, and then he went to Clinton, Clinton Co., Iowa, having in charge the city trade for a sew- ing machine company. While there, December 10, 1880, he was united in marriage with May F. Newhard, of Fairview, Jones Co., Iowa, and returned to J5radford county in the latter part of December, 1880, his wife accompanying him. He remained but a short time, when he was offered anil accepted a lucrative ])osition as general traveling salesman for E. Remington & Sons, of New York City and I lion, N. Y., who were interested largely in the manufacture of fire- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1249 arms, typewriters, sewing machines, etc., they sending him at once into the State of Wisconsin. For several years he was successfully employed traveling in the West, East and South. In August, 1885, he returned from the State of Georgia, removing his family from Athens to North Rome, where he remained with them on the homestead, work- ing on the farm a year, when he accepted a traveling position with an oil-reliningcompany, which position he still occupies. He has attained a fine knowledge of the oil business, and has published a small book on the manufacture of the various oils, their adaption, and of petro- leum and its products. In the fall of 1891, Mr. Van Loan removed his family from his farm to Eome, this county. Mrs. Van Loan was born in Greenfield township, Jones Co.. Iowa. October 1, 185Y ; her father, William Newhard, came to Iowa from Ohio, where he was born; her mother, Emily McFarlane, was a native of Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Van Loan have had born to them three children, viz.: Karl F., born August 31, 1881; Lizzie May lone, born August 7, 1885, and Nathaniel R., born April 19, 1888. The family worship at the Methodist Epis- copal Church. In his political views Mr. Van Loan is a stanch Repub- lican, and takes considerable interest in politics. He is one of the best known of Bradford county's many business men, and is a self-made man, of whom Bradford county is justly proud. JACOB R. VANNOY, East Troy, was born in Sanderson township, Sussex Co., N. J., December 25, 1842, and is a son of Jacob and Maria (Ayres) Vannoy, who had a family of five children: John J., Sidney, Jefferson, Jane (Mrs. C. B. McClelland) and Jacob R.,and settled in Wells township, this county, in 1855. Jacob R. Vannoy, the subject of this sketch, was reared in Bradford county, and from twelve years of age has spent most of his life in farming, and has occupied his present farm in Troy township, on what is kn 1(»<> acres of woodland, about two acres of which were cleared, and had a lo"' cabin on it that hatl been HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1253 built by Mr. Charlott. He added to liis farm until he had 050 acres; he followed lumbering during the winter, owned a sawmill on Stal- ford creek, and during- summer vvould farm and clear land. J>efore his death he had cleared at least 200 acres; he built a frame house and barn, both of which have been destroyed ; he was an Old-School Bap- tist, and at his house religious services were held prior to the building of the church. He filled various offices and was an important factor in the early settlement ; he also held a ca])tain's commission in the State Militia, was a large land-owner and an industrious and enter- prising man, and always endeavored to develop his section of the country, Edward W. Vaughan passed his boyhood in the wilderness, assist- ing his father in clearing and farming; attended school at Wyal using and at the Yaughan school-house, also down at Fairbanks, frequently going three miles to school. He passed his whole life here, clearing and farming, living on and owning a portion of his father's estate, and has 145 acres nearly all cleared, with the necessary buildings and improvements, and has his farm under a high state of cultivation. He married, July 12, 1849, jilmira, daughter of Samuel Cox, a farmer of Vaughan Hill, and they have a family of five children : George H., married to Mary Daley, resides in Fi'emont, Neb., where he is deputy sheriff'; Fremont and Almira (twins, latter deceased); Emma, married to E. L. Condon, foreman in the paint department of a car shop at St. Paul, and William, married to Elizabeth Haney, and living on the old homestead. Mr. Vaughan is a member of^ White Lilly Lodge, No. 808, I. O. O. F., Wyalusing, and has passed all the chairs; he is a Kepublican, and has filled nearly all the township offices. JAMES C. VAUGHN, farmer and stock-grower, Wyalusing town- ship, P. O. Wyalusing, who is among the ])ioneers of AVyalusing township, was born on the old Vaughn homestead (now in possession of Lyman Overton), January 18, 1816. His grandfather was born in England, and came to this country when a young man, married, and had the following children: William, who was a number of years a naval officer, and resided at Sacket's Harbor, N. Y., participating in the War of 1812, commanding a sloop of war; Robert, settled in Canada; Richard, also of Canada, but removed to Rochester, wliere he died; Elias, father of subject; Justice; Polly, married to Walter Seaman ;.Phebe, married to William Eddy, and located in Canada; Anna, married to Daniel Coolbaugh. of Wysox township, and Rluxhi, married to Daniel Martin, also of Wysox. Elias Vaughn removed from Wyoming to Laceyville, Luzerne coup.ty. when sixteen years of age, where his father died; he and his motiier moved to Rummerfield. where he was connected with a corps of men, engaged in constructing a Government road through Alleg;iny county, N. Y., and there met and married Sarah Abbott; he returned to Rummerfield, and Avas postmaster of the place, making his home there until after the close of the Wai'of 1812; he owned a far-m, which he traded for hisprojierty on Vaughn Hill; after the birth of his daughter Eleanor, John and Elias, he removed to Vaughn Hill, where he owned 800 acres of land, built a saw- mill and began clearing and lumbering, rafting his lumber down the 74 125-4 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Susquehanna. In 183S he built a large house, which was constructed of three-inch plank, which was a line substantial farm house; this house stood in good condition until six years ago, when it was destroyed by fire. James C. Vaughn, the subject of this sketch, who is the eldest sur- vivor of the family, passed his boyhood on the old farm, and attended the common school at Wyalusing. He spent his early life assisting his father in clearing the farm and in lumbering, also in rafting the same down the river ; he took possession of his first farm, which is the one now owned by William Boyd, in 1841, where he resided seven years; then traded with his father for the farm he now owns, which he has cleared and improved to its present state of excellence; this farm contains 120 acres of beautiful and fertile land. He was united in marriage, in 1843, with Elizabeth Ann, second in the family of seven children of Joseph and Sarah (Spaulding) Gamble. To Mr. and Mrs. Vaughn have been born seven children, viz.: Elwood L., born October 6, 1844, married to Lois L. Fuller, of Camptown, and died May 19, 1872; Sarah E., born September 3, 1846, married to Nelson C. Dyer, farmer, of Abilene, Kans.; Joseph G., born August 22, 1848, of Kingston, Pa.; Charlotte A., born June lU, 1851, married to W. R. Safford, of Kingston; Richard, born June 27, 1853; Orrilla W., born April 21, 1855, and Ralph B., born May 9, 1859, of Kingston, Fa., mar- ried to Rilla Major. Mi-, and Mrs. Vaughn are members of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, Wyalusing, of which he is steward; in politics he is a Republican, has filled numerous township offices, and while firm in his political oj^inion has never been an aggressive politician; he is one of Bradford's most successful farmers, receiving but little aid out- side of his own resources ; he has during his life amassed a fortune ample for his needs. UR[ N. VERBECK, carpenter, East Troy, was born in Litchfield, this county, July 29, 1836, a son of William and Lucretia (Norton) Verbeck. 'Plis paternal grandfather, Henry A'erbeck, a native of the Mohawk Valley, N. Y., settled in Windham township, this county, in 1808, cleared and improved a farm and died there. He maii'ied a Miss Dunham, by wdiom he had nine children: AVilliam, Philip, Henry, Svlvanus, Abigail, Lydia, Sarah, Elizabeth and Matilda; of these, William, the father of the subject of this sketch, was a carpenter by trade; he spent most of his life in Bradfoi-d county, resided in East Troy forty-one years, and died there in Marcii, 1890, at the age of eighty-nine; his wife was a daughti^r of Henry Norton, of Slieshequin township, this county, formerly of Connecticut, and a soldier of the revolution; by her he had six children: Almira (Mrs. J. Warren Park). Jonathan D., Margeiy, Uri N., Arlette (Mrs. Marvin Leonard) and Kli. Uri N. Vei'beck "was reared in Bradfoi-d county, and educated in the public sciiools of Elmira, N. Y. He learned the carpenter's trade in East Troy, which he followed for eighteen years, and has sinc(; been working at wagon-making, lie was in the Civil War, eidi.stingin Sei)teinber, 18G1, in Comi)any C, Seventh Pennsylvania Cavalry, was wounded at the battle of Gallatin, Tenn., and ])articipated in lifty- three battles and engagements of his regiment, was jiromoted to coi-- poral in the winter of 1862, was for a year commissary sergeant, and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1255 discharged in that capacity in September, 1865. He married in March, 1866, Julia, daughter of John Edsall, of Monroe township, this county, and has two children living: Meena E. and Edsall II. Mr. Verbeck is a member of Hector Lodge, I. O. O. F., No. 166, of East Troy, and Gustin Post, G. A. R., Troy; he has lield various township offices, and in pohtics is a Republican. GREELEY P. VOORHIS, farmer, of Springfield township, P. O. Big Pond, was born July 9, 1856, in Springfield, a son of John and Helena (Ilosley) Voorhis, natives of Springfield. His father was a farmer, and died, at the age of thirty-five years, June 2, 1863, and tiie mother died, at the age of thirty -five years, September 15, 1857. Our subject was the only son by his father's first marriage ; he was edu- cated in the schools of the township and became a farmer. March 30, 1886, he married Alice, daughter of Theodore and Mary (Brooks) "Watson, who was born December 17, 1859. Her father was born in Greene, Chenango Co., N. Y., December 26, 1828, and his parents were John H. and Maria (Upham) Watson. Mrs. Watson was born at East Hampton, Conn., and came here when fourteen years of age. Mr. Watson is a general merchant at Big Pond ; is a Republican and a member of the L O. O. F. Mr. Voorhis' grandfather was one of the first settlers in the township, and died here, at the age of eighty years, November 19, 1861 ; and his father, John K., died at the age of sixty-eight years, on November 4. 1872. Mr. Yoorhis was an only child, and was educated in the schools of the township and at Smithfield graded school, and was a teacher from the time she was sixteen years of age until her marriage. They have no children. Mr. Yoorhis owns a fine farm of about sixty acres, which he has under a good state of cultivation. He is a Republican in politics, has been a constable and collector in the township; is a member of the I. O. O. F., and is amanmuch respected bv his many friends. WILLIAM E. YOORHIS, merchant. East Smithfield, was born November 17, 1823, in Springfield, Bradford Co., Pa., a son of James and Charlotte (Wilson) Yoorhis, the former of whom was a native of New York, and the latter of Massachusetts. The father, who was a carpenter and builder, came to Springfield when a young man and took up farming. William E., who is the eldest in a family of seven children, five of whom are living, was reared on his father's farm, remaining there until twenty-five years ago, when he came to East Smithfield and commenced in tiie manufacturing and dealing of furniture. He was married, September 10, 1845, to Nancy M., daughter of Asher Hunt- ington (she was born May 14, 1827, in Yernon. Conn.), and they have had born to them four children, two of whom are living: Clarence, born August 3. 1847, married to Celia Burt; Wilson F., born June 4, 1856, married to Carrie Cowell. The sons are partners in business with their father, and Wilson is the ])resent ])ostmaster. Mr. Yoorhis continued in the furniture business ten years, then commenced in his present business, that of a general merchant. He is a member of the Freemasons and of the I. O. O. F., as is also his son Wilson. Both father and sons are Republicans. Mrs. Yoorhis is a member of the Universafist Church. 105G HISTORY OF BKADFORD COUNTT. FRANK M. VOUGHT, farmer and dairyman, P. O. Towanda, was born July 24, 1847, a son of Edward and Lydia (Horton) Vought, natives of this count}', and Avhose f^rand))arents were also reared in this State; the family have always been tillers of the soil. Frank M. V(juo-ht is the third in a family of eight children, as follows : Joseph M*., Lewis G., Frank M., IlannalfM., Edward M., Charlotte M., Charles S. and Emerson W., all of whom grew to maturity, six still living in this county. Mr.Vought was married, November 20, 1872. to Maretta J. Gillett, who was born August 22, 1851, daughter of Lewis and Jemima (Shores) Gillett, the former of whom wasa native of Connecticut, and the latter of Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Vought are the parents of three children, viz.: Euth, who died at the age of five vears; Emerson W., born September 28, 1883 ; and Ethel May, born May 2, 1886. Mr. Vought was born and reared in this county, and lived on his father's farm the earlv part of his life ; then taught school several years. He is now the owner of an excellent farm in Shesquehin township, in a fine state of cultivation. Mr. and Mrs. Vought were visited in their eai-ly married life with calamity which came nearly destroying the life of the latter: On January 16, 1875, at midnight, they were awakened by the house being on fire, and Mrs. Vought, who was very ill, was carried out on a feather bed, along with little Ruth, who was but five days old, into the snow, which was two feet deep, whereby her health was so impaired that she has never fully recovered. The family are devoted members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, are active in the Sunday-school, and are very genial, agreeable people. Mr. Vought is a Republican, and takes an active interest in public affairs. AMOS P. WALCOTT, farmer, of Litchfield township, P. O. Litch- field, was born in that township, May 20. 1826, son of Elijah and Eliza- beth Walcott, the former of wiiom was born at Penn's Valley, Pa , in 1770, and the latter m Luzerne county. Pa., in 1778. Elijah W. settled in this county in 1807; his wife, Elizabeth, was the daughter of Thomas Park who came from Connecticut and settled in the Wyoming Valley. ]V[r. Park married Mrs. Heady, who resided in the Valley, and was there during the Wyoming massacre; Thomas being absent at the time ser- vmg his country under Washington. Two years subsequent to this event he purchased 400 acres of land in Litchfield, where with others under Sullivan he drove the Indians Westward. Elijah W. was the father of twelve children, all of whom grew to nuiturity, Amos P. being tlie tenth in the family; he was reared on the old homestead, and educated at the common school. In September, 1851, he was married to Esther J., daughter of Lemuel and Hariiet Munn, of Litchfield. This union was blessed with four children, as follows: Countess I)., married to Svlvester K. Walcott; Prentice W., married to Iluth. daughter of John and Phd'be Haddock; Marion L..nuinied to Franklin I.Deci^er: and Viola C, who married Irani David. In early life Mr. Walcott was exten- sively engaged in lumbering; during his lifetime he held many town offices, such as commissioner, auditor, judge of elections and at onetime was a candidate for the Legislature. He is a member of the I. O O. F , at various times holding the different oHicesof the Lodge, and in politics HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNT V. 1257 he is a Democrat, and holds a lieutenunt-coloners commission, appointed by Gov. William Bigler. H. EUGENE WALDO, miller, AVyalusing, was born in Berkshire, Tioga Co., K Y., August 20, 1839, a son of Orson and Lyd ia (Waldo) Waldo, who were born in the same house and in thesameyear (1802) in Berkshire, ]^[. Y. The Waldo family originated in France about the middle of the Twelfth century; they left there on account of the Huguenot persecutions, and settled in the Netljerlands about 1569-70. About 1650 Cornelius came to America and settled in Chelmsford, Mass. He married Hannah Coggswell and had five children, and died June 3, 1701. Of his children, John, the eldest, is the branch through which Eugene Waldo descended. John was born in Chelmsford, Mass., about 1653, and married Rebecca Adams, of the same line as John Adams, late ex-President of the United States. He died in 1700, having had seven children, of whom Edward, the second son, is the ancestor of oui' subject. He was born in Chelmsford, Mass., in 1683 and at Windham, Conn., in 17 — , married Thankful Dimmock, of Mansfield, Conn., and had ten children. His ninth son, Zacheus, is in the line of our subject's ancestors, and was born in Windham, Conn., July 19, 1725, married Tabitha Kingsbury, and had eleven chddren, the second, John, being this branch of the family. He was born in Windham, Conn., April 22, 1750, was a physician and resided at Coventry, Conn., and married Lucy Lyman, August 19, 1773 ; he was a surgeon in Col. Huntington's regiment of State Militia, in 1775, and probably served during the Revolution ; he had six children, from two of whom our subject is descended, viz.: John, Jr., the second child, who was our subject's grandfather, and Lyman, the eldest, who was our subject's mother's father. Orson, our subject's father, was born March 17, 1802, and his wife, Lydia, was born May 25, 1802 ; they had the following children : Lucius Alva, Arthur Tap- pan, Reynold Heber and Herbert Eugene. Orson was a mill-wright and worked at his trade, and built numerous mills in northwestern New York, and invented various appliances for use in mills, among which was a water wheel patented during Jackson's administration. Our subject was educated in the common schools and at Waverly Academy, and at the age of seventeen began work as a mill-wright with his father; he worked with his father and brother until after his mar- riage, and then started out for himself. He has built mills in all sections of northwestern New York, and in 1871 took charge of a mill owned by Otis G. Parker, at Moravia, N. Y., and was there three years; then rented the Stone mill at Moravia, where he remained until April 6, 1880, when he came to Wyalusing, and assumed charge of the Welles mills, where he has since remained. He married, June 21, 1865, Lucy Ann, daughter of Joseph A. and Lucy Hentlel (Bell) Armstrong. Her parents had a family of seven children: Jasper (deceased), who was for a number of years general superintendent of the water supply for the Atchison, Topeka & Sana Fe Railroad; Millicent (deceased) ; Ruth J., married to John W. Hollenback, a traveling salesman of Owego, N. Y.; Fendall, resides in the West; Lucy Ann; Addie W., married to C. W. Hemenway, a merchant of Owego, N. Y.; and Charles H., who 1258 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. died in infancy. To i\Ii'. and Mrs. Waldo have been born the following children: Jessie Gertrude, born September 29, 1807, married, May 2, 1886, to Frederick Armstrong, of Athens; Edward, born jS'ovember 26, 1868, a clerk, married, June 25, 1891, to Jennie Carpenter, of Wyalu- sing; Lucius J., born July 1, 1873, clerk; Earnest E., born November 22, 1877; Nettie A., born March 6, 1881 ; and Raymond W., born Feb- ruary 1, 1890. He and his wife are both members of the Presbyterian Church of Wyalusing : he is a member of the F. & A. M., Sylvan Lodge, No. 41, Moravia, N. Y., politically he is a Republican. JOSEPH G. WALDRON, farmer, Smithtleld township, P. O. Hoblet, born August 13, 1845, son of Billing.^ and Jane (Gray) Wal- dron, natives of Bristol, R. I., who came to this county in 1837. Joseph was one of eleven children, five of whom are hving ; he was reared on his father's farm. On February 9, 1873, he was married toEUa, daughter of John J. and Mary Jane (Riley) Woodin, early settlers of Burlington (she was born August 27, 1854, and isa member of the Baptist Church). They have had born to tliem four children, three of whom are noAv living, as follows: Bertha, born August 7, 1874; Grace, born June 17, 1881 ; and Ruth, born September 11, 1888. Mr. Waldron isa member of the F. iSz A. M., Lodge No. 428, is a Republican and takes an active interest in politics. WILLIAM N. WALDRON, farmer, Smithfield township, P. O. Hoblet, born in Bristol, R. L, May 29, 1835, a son of Billings and Jane (Gray) Waldron, also natives of Bristol, R. I., of English descent. His paternal grandfatiier was a colonel in the Revolutionary War, as was also his grandfather. Gray. Mr. Waldron's father came to Smithfield township in 1837, and settled near where William now lives. William N, Waldron is the eldest in a familv of eleven children, five of whom are still living. He enlisted, at the commencement of the Civil War, in Company F, Sixth Pennsylvania Reserves A^olunteers, in which he served until 1862, when he was transferred to Battery B, First Penn- sylvania Artillery; he was wounded severely in June, 1862, and the following January was discharged, on account of disability caused by this wound. He'was married, April 25, 1863, to Hannah, daughter of James Phillips, who was born in Broome county, N. Y., October 31, 1830; they have an adopted daughter, wife of (yharles K. Burnside. Mr. AValdron has a fine farm, under a good state of cultivation, and has been an extensive dealer in stock for the last fifteen years ; he is a member of the G. A. R., and is a Republican in politics; he has held several positions of public trust, and has been school director nine years. The family are members of the Congregational Church of East Smithfield, Bradford county. CHARLES W. WALKER, general merchant, Monroeton, was born Sept. 1, 1842, in Painted Post, N. Y.,a son of Delinius and Cath- erine (Keeney) VV^ilker, and is of Scotch descent. He was reared in Tioga county, Pa., where he received a common-school education, and took a commercial course at Elmira, N. Y. He was in the Civil War, enlisting August 26, 1861, in Company F, Eleventh Pennsylvania Vol- unteer Cavalry, particij)ating in the i)attlesof the regiment, and between June and August, 1864, was in a fight every day— in all twenty -six HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1259 en, ISiU. Since tlie War Mr. Walkei" lias been engaged m mercantile business princijjally. He has spent thirteen years in Monroeton, where he located in 1878. On November 20, 1868, he married Sarah, daughter of Rev. Enoch and Parmelia (Griggs) Cranmer, of an old family of Monroeton. This union was blessed with two children; Fred E. and Maud A. Politi- cally our subject is a Republican ; he is a member of the G. A. R. and K. of H.. was school director and treasurer of Monroeton several times. EDMUND L. WALKER, farmer and breeder of blooded stock, P. O. Ulster, was born in Ulster township, Bradford Co., Pa.; December 16, 1845, and is a son of Daniel and Mary Ann (Lockwood) Walker, of German and English origin, respectively. His grandfather, who was a mill-wriglit, spelled the name Walger, and from the corruption of that name comes Walker; he built a mill at Seeling's Grove, at the beginning of the present century, when Indians were more numerous than whites, and when going to mill was equal to a journey across the continent to-day. As soon as the mill was completed he leased it and a large tract of land for one hundred years, and of late years there has been a controversy over this property, in which Mr. Walker is interested, but on account of the changes in the names they have been unable to trace anything definite. The farm Mr. Walker now owns consists of 165 acres, and is a part of the old Lockwood estate. He attended the schools of Ulster, and secured quite a fair education, and taught a short time. In 1872 he went to Michigan and purchased a tract of timber land, and erected mills and opened a lumber camp, but sold it, and after two vears' residence there returned and pur- chased what is known as the Col. Wells land, cleared 300 acres of stump land, and made a fine farm of it, after which he returned to Ulster and engaged in the breeding of Jersey cattle, and has the finest herd in this section of the State. He also devotes attention to breed- ing trotting horses, and owns two Don Cossack stallions, mahogany bays, and which show all the points of speed, pluck and endurance for which the Wilkes strain is famous. He mari-ied Delia, daughter of Benjamin and Mary (Shackelton) Park, natives of this county, May 8, 1872. Her grandfather, Daniel Park, was one of tlie first board of commissioners, and helped frame the first tax list for Bradford county. They have one child, Delia, Mr. Walker is a member of the Order of the Iron Hall, and fills the chair of vice justice; also of the Equitable Aid Union, and is a member of the finance committee. Politically he is a Republican. His father was the first officer from Ulster township, coroner, and is a member of the board of school directors, which office he has held a number of terms. ZEPHON FLOWER WALKER is the fourth child of the union between George Walker, Jr., and Ziilimma W. Walker {nee Flower), and was born at Factory ville (now East Waverly), Tioga Co., N. Y., July 1, 1824. His paternal grandfather, George Walker (in the vul- gate Walger), was of German nationality. Tradition is that he was one of a colony of Germans that migrated from central New York, near the source of the Susquehanna river, by boats down the same, and settled in central Pennsylvania, now Nescopeck, where he bought 400 12G0 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. acres of land, and being a miller by trade constructed a gristmill near the mouth of the Nescopeck creek. Soon after the comj)letion of the mill, the same was destroyed by a flood. Next we find him at Salem, Luzerne county, same State, where he purchased a tract of land of Wm. Gray, of Philadelphia, and here erected anothor mill, which in the course of a few years met the same fate as the mill at Nescopeck. During; this interval his wife had died and he married a^ain. Becom- ing discouraged l)y constant reverses, he sold out his property here, or, as is averred by his son Henry, also liis daughter Mary, he leased the jiroperty to Jacob Schaffer for ninety -nine years, on a mone}' consid- eration which was paid m silver, being counted out into the grand- mother's apron on the eve of their departure from this place. But no lease or record of this transaction can be found. In about 1787 or 1788 he moved from Salem up the Susquehanna river, by what was then called '• Durham Boats " (pi-opelletl by men pushing the boats with setting poles), iiis family and household goods being sent by that con- veyance, and his stock by the overland route, lie sojourned until he passed the line between the States of Pennsylvania and New York, where he struck camp at a place on the west side of the Susquehanna river, known as the " Isaac Raymond farm " in Ellistown, about two miles east of Wavi^rly, N, Y., and where the Plannas settled. Kemain- ing here for a short time he purchased, in the township of Nichols, 480 acres of " Patent No. 1," adjoining the State line on the east side of the river, and moved thereon, cleared up the land and carried on the distilling business, becoming successful in all his undertakings. Next he purchased 500 acres on Cayuta creek, known as the " Cantine lot on the Thomas tract," which is adjacent to Waverly corporation and in East Waverly, and constructed another gristmill, which he success- fully o))erated until his death in 1812. His family by his first wife were: Peter (who was drowned in Rocky Riff. Luzerne county. Pa.), Jacob, Daniel, and a daughter who married a Mr. Reap; by his second wife the children were: BetS3^ Mary and Henry (born at Salem, Pa.), and Samuel, Elias, George and John (born in Nichols, N. Y.). His son. George, who was the father of subject, was born March 3, 1795, at Nichols, N. Y.,and died Febi'uary 14, 1837; was married November 1, 1817, to Zulimma W, Flower, who was born April 6, 1800, and died September 1, 1852. To them were born Glcncarn, Leanora Leander, Zephon Flower (the subject of this sketch), Thaddeus S., Helen V., Ma- rion B., George C. and Portia Z., all yet living except Glencarn, Leanora, Helen V. and Portia Z. The mother was a daughter of Maj. Zephon Flower, a Revolutionary patriot, who was of English nationality, and a descendant of the family who gave the first school teacher to Phila- delj>hia under the Colonial government. He was born at Hartford, Conn., November 30, 17G5 : on March 28, 1785, he was married to Mary Patrick, a lady of Irish nationality, who was born at \'alentine, Conn,, December 25, 1765, and died at Athens, March 5, 1848. They reared a large family who settled in various localities of the United States, and are now all dead except Ithurael, who lives at Oshkosh, Wis., and is now ninetv-four vears old. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, 12G1 The childhood of the subject ol" this sketch was passed where he was born until he had reached the age of eight years, when he was adopted into the famil}'^ of his mother's brother, Nathaniel Flower, where he was schooled in the old Franklin school-house near Athens village, when schools were open, and assisted about the farm when there was no school, until about 1840, when he took an academical course in Athens Academy. At the age of nineteen he commenced land surveying under direction of his grandfather, Maj. Flower, and the first lot surveyed was for Henry Mitten, in the town of Herrick, Pa. This and civil engineering have been his vocation since. He has made more surveys in Bradford, Sullivan, Lycoming and Tioga coun- ties, Pa., and Tioga county, N. Y., than any other surveyor living at this time; having the advantage of all the records and maps of Maj. Z. Flower, who preceded him as a surveyor in these counties. His first work as an engineer was on assisting in the location of the old North Branch Canal from Athens to State line. He entered the sur- vey of the location of the, then, Athens & Ithaca Bailroad, now the Ithaca Branch of the Lehigh Yalley Railroad, being on the same from its inception to its final completion. Soon after this he laid out and staked the, now, borough of Sayre, besides many other works in the engineering line. He entered the service as engineer and draughts- man for the Lehigh Valley Railroad, Northern Division, January 21, 1882, and is in that position now. Pie has made many maps of land surveys as well as of railroads, both right of way and mechanical. In 18,50 he made a very elaborate map of the subdivision of the Decatur Lands, situated in Litchfield, Sheshequin, Rome, Windham, Herrick and Pike townships, covering some 14,000 acres cut up in fifty and one- hundred-acre lots, which were sent to Belgium, Europe, for the owner, Mr. Decatur. During this time Mr. Walker carried on his farm on which he lives and was brought up on since his adoption by his uncle, Capt. Flower. His unele, Capt. Nathaniel Flower, purchased the homestead part of the late Col. John Franklin farm in the spring of 1834, and at his death, September 8, 1852, he bequeathed the same by will to the subject of this sketch. It is on this farm that CoL John Franklin and his wife, as well as Maj. Zephon Flower and his wife, Capt. Nathaniel Flower and his wife, and Heloisa, daughter of Maj. Flower, are buried, and neat marble upright fiags mark their resting- places ; and the community can esteem tlie benevolence of Capt. Nathaniel Flower, who (though no way related) paid for, from his own fund, and placed the stones to mark the place of burial of Col. Franklin and wife. Mr. Walker politically was a Whig until the breaking up of the parties, when he identified himself with the Repub- licans for two years; but, their views not agreeing with his, he went over to the Democrats and stands firm with them today. Posts of honor, politically, he has never sought, although he has served and filled his share of the local offices of the town. Among other distant relatives in New York is Roswell P. Flower, governor-elect of that State. Z. F. Walker was married, August 9, 1854, at Seneca, Mich., to Rebecca M., daughter of Amos and Cynthia Franklin, and great-grand- 1262 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. daughter of Col. Jolin Franklin. Amos Franklin was a son of Billa Franklin, whose lather was Col. John Franklin. Cynthia Franklin {nee McKinney) was a daughter of Henry and Rebecca McKinney, who had a settlement in Athens as early as 1788. The results of the union of Z. F. and II. M. Walker have been: Frank Z., Nathaniel F., Alfred I , Clara, Ada and Helena, and all are living. GEORGE W. T. WARBURTON, farmer, LeRoy township, P. O. LeRoy, was born in Elkland, Sullivan Co., Pa., November 13, 1849, a son of Jesse and Elizabeth (Brown) Warburton, the former a native of Liverpool, England, and the latter of Wilton, same country. They came to this country in 1816, locating in Sullivan county, but removed to Bradford county in 1853. Mr. Warburton died in 1872, Mrs. War- burton in 1884. Their family consisted of four children— two sons and two daughters— all of whom grew to maturity. The subject of these lines, who is the youngest, was reared and eclucated in LeRoy. In early life he was engaged in the jeweler's trade almost ten years. On July 19, 1882, he was married at Granville to Ettie B., daughter of Philander and Rebecca Foster, and this union has been blessed with one son and one daughter : Arthur T., born December 10, 1883, and Sarah Ann, born June 27, 1887. Mr. Warburton is a farmer of considerable ability, and has always lived on the old homestead of only sixty acres; he has two carp ponds, one of which is stocked ; last year he sold over twenty-six dollars worth of young carp. His farm- ino- is general, and he raises considerable wool ; he holds the office of Meteorological Observer for the United States. He is a deacon in the Baptis" Church; in politics he is a Republican, and is auditor. O. P. WARD, farmer, P. O. Alba, is a native of Canton township, this county, born June 23, 1835, a son of Eliphalet and Polly (Case) Ward, natives of Connecticut and Vermont, respectively. Eliphalet AVard was a farmer and an early settler of Canton township. He served in the War of 1812, and died in August, 1865, in his seventy- sixth year. Mrs. AVard died in April, 1876, in her eighty-fourth year. The paternal grandfathers were in the Revolutionary War. The sub- ject of this sketch, who is the youngest in order of birth in a famdy of eleven children, was reared in Canton township, receiving his edu- cation in the common schools, and has made farming his occupation. He enlisted, August 24, 1861, for three years in Company F, Eleventh Pennsylvania Cavalry, under Capt. B. B.Mitchell; took part in the battles of Petersburg, Wilson's Raid and Deserted House, and was in many skirmishes ; was mustered out at Jones's Neck, Ya., August 26, 1864'. He was married in Fox, Sullivan Co., Pa., April 1, 1866, to Paulina, daughter of Aaron and Julia (Burdick) Wright, natives of Delaware county, N. Y. Aaron Wright was a farmer, and died in Fox townshij). Sullivan Co., Pa., in 1879, in his sixty-ninth year; Mrs. Wright still survives him, is in her seventy-ninth year, and resides in Alba. Mrs. Ward's greatgrandfather Wright was a soldier in the Revolutionary War ; she is the sixth in order of birth in a family of nine children, and was born in Springfield township, this county. January 25, 1844 To. Mr. and Mrs. Ward' were born three children, as follows: Minnie, wife of Frank Jennings; Allen T. and Julia. Mr. Ward is a HISTORY OK BRADFORD COUNTY. 12C3 member of the G. A. R., Ingham Post, No. 01, and (Jnion Veteran Legion, No. 48; also a member of the Keystone Grange. J^olitically he is a Democrat, and holds the office of road commissioner ; served six years as school director and one term as town clerk. DRAPER N. WARNER, farmer, Tuscarora township, P. O. Spring Hill, was born, June 30, 1860, about two miles from where he now resides, and is a son of Charles and Betsey M. (Black) Warner, the former a native of ^ew York, and the latter of Pennsylvania, both being of New England origin. Mr. Warner has one sister, Jennie, who was married to William Richardson, of Brooklyn, N. Y. The father was a soldier in the Rebellion, being a member of Battery H. One Hundred and Twelfth Regiment, Pennsylvania Yolunteers, and was taken prisoner at Petersburg, and sent to Salisbury Prison, where he died of starvation. Draper N. Warner was educated at the Soldiers' Orphans School, at Harford, Pa., and from the time he left there, which was when he was sixteen, he lived with his stepfather till he was past twenty. At twenty-one he began life for himself, farming on his present place, which was left to him by his father. He was married, December 24, 1881, to Miss Sarah L.,daughterof William and Mary Jane (Lacey) Peet, of Tuscarora, and they have two children: Charles Wesley, born December 5, 1883, and Eldridge L., born August 19, 1885. In politics Mr. Warner is a pronounced Republican. JOHN M. WARNER, farmer, P. O. Windham, is a native of Albany county, N. Y., where he was born December 22, 1827, a son of Peter and Amanda (Smith) Warner, also of New York, but remotely of German and English descent, and belonging to the Agricultural class who migrated to Bradford county in 1845, and located in the immediate vicinity of the subject's present residence; the mother died in 1882 at the age of eighty-two years, and the father departed this life at the age of ninety-two. Their family of children were five in num- ber, John being- the third in order of birth. He came with his parents to Bradford county, and when grown engaged in farming, and now owns fifty-three acres. In October, 1801, he enHsted in the Fifty-seventh Regiment, P. Y. I., Company G, joining the Army of the Potomac, and was at the siege of Yorktown. He was detailed for extra duty on the steamer " Commodore," and was on duty there at the time of the bat- tles of Williamsburg and Fair Oaks. He also did arduous duty on the fleet at White House Landing; he was seriously hurt in the hip in getting off a train, and from disability was discharged from the service in December, 1862, having been in 'the hospital nine months; these injuries are a life affliction. Mr. Warner was married in Litchfield, in 1848, to Phoebe Kuykendall, who was born in 1828, a daughter of John and Betsey (Brack) Kuykendall, of New York, and they have had four children: Harry (deceased); Eugene (deceased); Delphine, married to Luther Bixby, a farmer, and Betsey Ann (deceased wife of Albert Johnson). Mr. Warner raises improved stock on his farm. Mrs. War- ner is a registered physician in Bradford county. M. S. WARNER,' a prominent farmer, of Ulster township, P. O. Milan, son of Adnijah and Nancy (Means) Warner, was born in Wysox township, this county, October 12, 1808. His father was of English 1264 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. descent, and a native of Massachusetts; his mother was of Northum- berland county, Pa.; his grandfather, Adnijah Warner, was a resident of Boston at the breaking out of the Revolution, and was one of the crowd who organized tlie noted " Boston tea party." His father migrated to Athens in 1792, it then being a village containing only thi^e or four houses; he was a young physician, and formed a part- nership with Dr. Hopkins in 1797; he removed to Sheshequin, and engaged to teach the common school at that place, with the privilege of*^visiting his patients when called. He was married, in 1798, to Nancy Means, of Towanda, removed to Wysox and continued the prac- tice of medicine at that place until 1835, when he retired from active practice; he died in 1846, aged eighty-three years. M. S. Warner, the subject of this sketch, was born on the farm at Wysox, and attended the common schools, walking a distance of two miles to reach the school-house. On reaching manhood he farmed until 1844, when he received the appointment of State weigh-master, and removed to Northumberland ; he remained there until 1848, when he bought the farm he now owns and occupies, which consists of 200 acres of ffnely improved land ; tiie improvements have all been made by him ; his business ventures have always been successful, having secured his entire fortune by his own exertions. He was married, January 6, 1833. to Harriet, daughter of Ebenezer Smith, and niece of Gen. War- ren, the eminent Revolutionary soldier; his family consists of the following children : Adelaide D., wife of Dr. Addison Sayres, of Har- rison countv, Texas; Mary Ellen, wife of J. P. Drake, of Beech Pond, Wavne Col, Pa.; Frances I., wife of N. W. Price, of Rockford, 111.; Charles B. married to Jane Stiles, died January 16, 1890 ; and Emma St. Leon. Mr. Warner is a member of the Freemasons, Lodge No. 108, Towanda, and is a Presbyterian in religious views ; politically he is a Jackson Democrat on the Jefferson model. He has reached a green old age, and still carries on his business with a skill and success that many a younger man migiit envy, and is surrounded with the comforts of life, which his own exertions"^ have brought him. CHARLES WARREN, farmer, P. O. Alba, is a native of Sullivan countv. Pa., born August 25, 1834, a son of Josiah and Sarah (Glide- well) Warren, natives of Sullivan and Northumberland counties, Pa., respectively, tlie former born in 1808. He is a farmer and resides in Granville township; Mrs. Sarah Warren died in 1881, in her seventy- first year. The paternal grandfather, John Warren, also a farmer, emigrated from England, and was one of the first settlers in what is no\°Sullivan county, near what is now Millview ; he died in 1813; his wife was Mary Ward, whom he married in England. The subject of these lines, wl'io is the eldest in a family of six living children, was reared in Canton township, from one year of age. He was educated in the common schools and attended the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary two years. He began teaching when eighteen, and taught almost continu- ously until 1884. He owns a farm containing 190 acres in a good state of cultivation, and is also engaged in the dairy business. Ur. Warren was married in Alba, in 1861, to Celestia, (hiugliter of William and Laurinda (Lane) Shoemaker, natives of Granville and Burlington town- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1265 ships, respectively. William Shoemaker is a farmer, and resides in Granville township. Mrs. Warren is the eldest in a family of four children, and was born in Granville township, in September, 1842. To Mr. and Mrs. Warren were born eight children, of whom four are living, as follows: G. A., B. J., Errett and Edna. The family are members of the Disciple Church, of which Mr. Warren is an elder, and super- intendent of the Sunday-school ; he is a member of the West Granville Grang-e. Politically he is a Republican, and is serving his fourth term as township auditor. EZEKIEL N. WATERMAN, farmer, and one of the surviving veterans of the Civil War, P. O. Nichols, Tioga Co., N. Y., is a native of Smithboro, Tioga Co., N. Y., born October 9, 1834, a son of James and Lucinda (Smith) Waterman, natives of New York and Pennsylvania, respectively, and of remote English and German descent. James was a " village blacksmith," and died in 1859, while his widow survived until 1875. Their family consisted of fourteen children, of whom Ezekiel is the ninth, and grew to his majorit}'^ in his father's humble home. He came to Bradford county in 1871, and has been a farmer and mill operator in Windham township, and is now retired on his comfortable little home farm. He volunteered in the service in July, 1863, in Company B, One Hundred and Fourth Regiment, N. Y. V. I., and with his command was sent directly to the front, going from Owego to Elmira, then to New York, then to Rockers Island, then by sea to Norfolk, then to Alexandria, and thence to the Rappahannock river under Gen. Robinson, the Confederates living on one side of the river and the Union forces on the other. They then crossed over to Brundy Station, and thence to the Rapidan, which they reached October 11, where he was stricken with fever, and when the army fell back he was left, and an ambulance took him to Cul- peper, from where he was sent to Corse Hospital in Washington, where he was in the hospital five weeks, then was sent home on fur- lough, and was ultimately discharged July 29, 1865, and has never recovered fully, but remains disabled and is pensioned. On his return from the army he entered a store and was in partnership three years, when he purchased the little farm he now occupies. He married Dell, daughter of Job R. and Parmelia (Osborn) Bixby, the former a native of Bradford county, and the latter of Orange county, N. Y., of Scotch and German origin. Of this marriage are children as follows : George H., Ed J., Frank O., Iva M., Sarah N., Bertha L. and Winifred U. In politics he is a Republican, has been on the school board, and served as president last year and is now secretar\\ A. W ATKINS, farmer and stock-grower. Ulster township,P.O. Ulster, was born the thirty-first day of August, 1840, on the farm which he now occupies. His father, Lorenzo Watkins, was born in South Reading, Windsor Co., Yt., in 1807; his mother, Matilda Watkins, was born at Athens, this county, in 1815. Lorenzo Watkins migrated to Bradford countv, in 1836; his family consisted of two children. A. Watkins, the subject of the sketch, was reared on a farm, receiving his education in the country schools, with the exception of four or five terms atTowanda; leav- ing school he engaged in farming and has alwavs been successful. 126G HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. December 24, 1862, he was married to Sarah, daughter of S. Chirk, of Burlington; by this marriage were two children: Frank, aph3^sician, of Grey's Harbor, Washington, and Edwin, a teacher. His first wife died in 1870, and September 2Jr, 1872, he was married to Christena Murdoch, daughter of Alexander and Janette Murdoch, natives of Scotland, but residents of Ulster; by this marriage there were three children: Cora, died, January 10,1877; George H. and Leslie Day. In his political views Mr. Watkins is a stanch Republican; in religious views he is independent, not being connected with any church. In his possession is an old parch- ment deed, granting lands to Simonds, said lands being his and a part of three other farms. There is on his farm an old burying ground used by the aborigines as a place of interment ; it is located on the river bank and he has plowed up numerous skeletons, some of them being of very large size; he also made a discovery near the same place, tending to show that the aborigines either used the means of cremation, or else offered human sacrifices at their funerals, probablv the latter — of a large flat stone, of a variety and formation unknown in that locality, it was sur- rounded with smaller stones firml}' cemented together so as to form a bowl-sha|)ed cavity ; in the hollow of this structure was found charcoal and the charred remains of human bones. Mr. Watkins now owns 100 acres of finely improved and highly cultivated land, and devotes his attention entii'ely to farming and sheep raising. MIAL WATKINS, a prominent farmer of Columbia township, P. O. Austinville, was born in Columbia township, Bradford Co., Pa., February 13, 1819, and is a son of David and Polly (Seeley) Watkins, natives of Connecticut, who were of the first settlers in Columbia township. David Watkins was born January 21,1779. He cleared the farm now owned b\" our subject and son Burt, and died tliere; his children were Laura (Mrs. Philip Slade), who was the first white child born in Columbia township; Charry (Mrs. John Wolfe), Seeley, AViiliam, Pebecca (Mrs. Isaac Besley), Eliada, Mial, Hannah (Mrs. Isaiah Montunye). Mary (Mrs. John Perry). Mial AVatkins Avas reared in Columbia township, where he has always resided, and is the owner of five farms of which he cleared a large ])art of the homestead. He was twice married : first time to Ophelia, daughter of Alexander Harris, of Putland, Tioga Co., Pa., and by her he had three children, as follows: Ida Belle (Mrs. David Deforest), AValter and l>urt. His second w^ife was ]\Irs. Hester M. (Case) Pennell. of Troy township, by whom he has one son named Treat. INIr. AVatkins in ])()litics is a Pejniblican. AVILLIAM B. AV ATKINS, farmer of Columl)ia township, P. O. Altus, was born in that township, June 3, 1869. and is a son of Joel and Eliza (Ilorton) AVatkins. His patei'ual grandparents were AViiliam C. and I'amphelia (Furman) AVatkins, and his great-grand jiarents were David and Polly (Seeley) AVatkins, one of tlie five families who first settled in Columbia township. The maternal grandfather of our sub- ject was Thomas Hortcm, a pioneer of Putland, Tioga Co., Pa., and the father of our subject was a native of Columbia township, wheie he followed the occu|>ation of farming, and is now residing at Austin- ville. He reared a family of five children: Flora (Mrs. 11. A. Bulh^ck), * HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1^07 William B., Carrie, Grace and Thaddens. The children of William C. and his wife Pampheha (Furman) Watkins were Justus, John, Cor- delia (Mrs. Charles Strait) and Joel. William B. was reared in his native township, educated in the common schools, and resides on the old homestead of his father and grandfather. He married, March 28, 1888, Lillian, daughter of William W. and Sarah (Ayres) Young, of Columbia townshi]), and has one son, Leslie. Mr. Watkins is one of the prominent young farmers of Columbia township; in politics he is Republican. NELSON S. WATSON, merchant, Springfield township, P. O. Big Pond, was born November 14, 1830, in Greene, Chenango Co., N. Y., a son of John K. and Maria (Upham) Watson, natives of that county. John K. was a farmer and came to this county in 1838, and located on a farm at Big Pond, then nearly a dense wilderness; he was a man of iniiuence, and^died at the age of sixty-eight years, November 4, 1872, and the mother died March 30, 1875, at the age of sixty-nine years; they were of English extraction. Mr. Watson was the second in a family of seven children — five sons and two daughters; he was reared on the farm and was educated in the schools of the township, and w^as a lumbei-man and farmer many years. Tw^enty-six, years ago he com- menced in his present business, that of a general merchant, in which he has accumulated a competence. Two of his brothers. Thomas and George, were in the Civil War, and George was wounded at the battle of the Wilderness and taken a prisoner to Andersonville, and when nearly starved to death was exchanged, and brought home a complete wreck. August 27, 1855, subject married Hannah, of Springfield, bom August 31, 1828, daughter of Luke and Charity Pitts, early settlers in the township. Mr. Pitts built the first gristmill in the township; they are believed to be of the same family as Sir William Pitt. Mr. and Mrs. Watson have had two children: Willie, whodied when two and one-half years of age, and Charles, born November 2, 1857, married Jessie Ham- mond, of Ridgebury, and is a newspaper reporter. Mr. Watson is a strong Republican as well as a great tem])erance man. JOHN MASON WATTLES (deceaseds was born in Wysox, this county, February 9, 1810, a son of Arunah and Elizabeth (Allen) Wattles, of Scotch and Irish lineage, respectively. His grandfather, Jesse Allen, who was a nephew of Ethan Allen, of Revolutionary fame, was among the first settlers in Wysox, and one of the founders and leaders of the church at that place. As far back as it has been ^ possible to trace the Wattles family is to one John Wattles, who came ^from Scotland and settled in Go-rmeatictt-t ; he had two sons. John and ^Dan, both uf whom settled in Delaware county, N. Y., Dan after- wards coming to Bradford county; he married Cynthia Williams, a niece of Roger Williams, the founder of Rhode Island, and hatl three children, Arunah, Caroline and John. Arunah Wattles was elected a member of the Pennsylvania Legislature in 1818. In his family there were eleven children, of whom John Mason was the sec- ond. ' The subject of these lines, when quite a young man. was chosen clerk in the county commissioner's office, at Towanda, where lie remained several vears; then located on a farm in Wvsox, and in 1268 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, 1872 removed to the present estate, where he died April 11, 1889. He was married, August 31, 1843, to Amanda, dauc^hter of Shepard and Sarah (CoolbauglT) Tierce, the former a native of New York and of Irish origin, tlie latter a native of Pennsylvania and of German origin. Thev hiTve five children, as follows: Henry Leslie, a conductor on the Nortliern Pacific Railroad, at Tacoma, Wasli.; John P., on a ranch near Denver, Col.; Fred, married to Ellen Moscrip (they have two children, Fred Mason and Helen); Sara Pierce and Paith, who are liv- ing on the old homestead which they now own. Mr. Wattles was, difrino- his life, a strong Democrat and unusually well versed in the workings of the Government. A. E. WATTS, farmer and dairyman, P. O. East Canton, was born January 31, 1833, on the farm where he now resides, a son of Squire and Margaret (Gregg) Watts, natives of Towanda and Sheshequin, respectivelv. Squire Watts was a farmer, born August 5, 1800, and was killed while helping to take down a barn in May, 1863. Mrs. Watts died November 1, 1886, in her ninetieth year ; the paternal grandfather, Frank Watts, was a native of Scotland. A. E. Watts is the voungest in a family of six children— four sons and two daughters — of whom^tive are now living. He was reared on the farm, and received his education in the common schools; was engaged in lumber business several years, but made farming his main occupation, and now owns a farm containing eighty acres in a good state of cultivation. He was married in LeRoy township, in 1866, to Saraantha, daughter of Sullivan and Phoebe (Bailey) Morse, natives of LeRoy township and Massa- chusetts, respectively. Sullivan Morse is a "^farmer, and resides in LeRoy township. Mrs. Watts is the sixth in order of birth in a family of seven cliildren, and was born in LeRoy township July 3, 1844. To Mr. and Mrs. AVatts were born two sons : Frank (clerk in the First Natiimal Bank of Canton) and Clarence. Mrs. Watts is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Watts is a member of the F.& A. M., Canton Lodire. No. 415, and also of the Keystone Grange. He enlisted, Julv 25, 1862, in Ccmipany C, One Hundred and Thirty- second P. V. L, for nine months ; he took part in the battles of Antietam and Fredericksburg, where he was wounded December 13, 1862, and was mustered out at Harrisburg May 24. 1863. Politically he is Independent, and has served one term as school director and one term as collector. THOMAS MURRAY WATTS, farmer, LeRoy township, P. O. East Canton, was born at Towanda, January 4, 1825, a son of Squire and Margaret (Gregg) Watts, natives of Towanda, and Dauphin countv. Pa., respectivelv. He was the son of Francis Watts, of Scotch descent, who came to Towanda about 1782 or '83, and built and oper- ated a still a number of vears; he settled on 200 acres of land, now a part of the town of Towanda ; he was a Revolutionary soldier who fought bravelv tor his country, for which he was granted a homestead in Che State of Illinois; was in the Wyoming massacre, was (;aptured, but by strategy made his escape. Squire Watts removed to Canton about 1825, and located on a one-hundred-acre lot, where he lived thirty -seven years, and met his death by a timber falling upon liini. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 12^!) His family consisted of four sons and two daughters, all of whom grew to maturity. Our subject, being the eldest of the family, was reared and educated in Canton at the common school; in early life he learned the carpenters trade, also devoted his attention to lumbering, and is now living on part of his old homestead. AVhen forty years of age, Marcli 8, 18()5, he married Mary, daughter of Jacob and Polly Beardsley, of Canton. Mr. Jacob Beardsley removed from New York and settled in Beech Flats about 1830; he was the son of Isaac Beardsley, a native of Connecticut and a descendant of Puritan stock. The grandfather of Mrs. Watts on her mother's side, J. B. Farr, was a soldier in the War of 1812. Mr Watts' family consists of one son and four daugh- ters, viz.: Marv Louise, Grace Delphine, Margaret Marion, Thomas Murry, Jr., and Helen LaVille. He makes a specialty of lumbering, but works his farm to some extent, is a member of the F. tfe A. M., is a Granger and politically is a Democrat; has been honored with tlie office of commissioner nine years, held the same office in Sullivan county tliree years, was justice of peace at same time, and was school director thirteen years. He is a man of much thought and intelligence. J. N. WEAVER, master mechanic, Lehigh Yalley Railroad shops at Sayre, is a native of jS^orthampton county. Pa., and was born July 25, 1844, son of Henry and Marian (Semple) AVeaver, the former of whom is a mechanic, a native of the same place, latter being a native of Scotland. J. N. Weaver, who is the fourth in a family of nine children, completed his education in the high school at Easton, Pa., and served an apprenticeship at the machinist's trade in Phillipsburg. He Avas employed by the L. V. R. R. as journeyman machinist in South Easton, where he remained until the fall of 1869, when he was transferred to Waverly, N. Y., and placed in charge of the engines and machines of tliis branch of the Lehigh Yailev Railroad. In 1880 the company moved their shops to Sayre, where he suiierintended the construction of the shops, and has been in the emplo}^ of the com]iany since. Mr. Weaver was married in Waverly, N. Y., in 1872, to Miss Lila, daughter of Zura and Fanny (Lyman) Travis, natives of Sus- quehanna county (she was born in Bradford county. Pa., in July, 1847). To Mr. and Mrs. Weaver were born three children, viz.: T. Desmond, Agnes F. and Xellie F. The family are members of the Episcopal Church. Mr. Weaver is a member of the F. & A. M., Union Lodge, No. 108, Towanda; Cayuta Chapter, No. 245, and Northern Com- mandery, No. 16; also of the Provident Life and Trust Company. He is a Republican, and served serveral terms as member of the council in Waverlv, and two terms as school director in S'avre. HON. JAMES H. WEBB, attorney and counselor at law, Towanda, is a native of Tioga (nou^ Chemung) county, N. Y., and was boi-n December 4, 1820. His parents were John L. and Annis (Ham- mond) Wel)b, natives of Connecticut, and of English descent, agricul- turists, who came to this county in 1823, and located in Ridgebury township, west of Athens, lie was a man of strong personality, and impressed u])on his boys the lessons of an upright life and a vigorous brain and constitution, and died on his farm, in 1846. He left four sons and one daughter, and a marked incident of these brothers is the 75 1270 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. strong similaritv of their political and public lives. These robust farmer boys acquired good educations, and all studied law and engaged while vet"'joung men in the practice, except our subject, who began reading law in 1883, and was licensed to practice in 1885. Scattering, as by mstinct, to different county seats, they rose rapidly in their pro- fessions; all were active and stanch Republicans, and every one of them was elected time and again to the Legislature, and this gentle- man was elected Speaker of the House at the beginning of his fifth term, and re-elected in the Senate. This apparently being the first break in the line where all moved abreast, it is reasonable to suppose that if there had been four speakers' chairs at the disposal of the body, the boys would have as a matter of course taken seats together ; as there was but one chairman or speaker possible, the other three boys started a new departure, and all three were elected to the Bench. Tlie youngest, Charles M., is now filling his second term as President Judge, in%isconsin. If there is a family in Bradford county that has turn^ed out more self-made men, who, as "'it were, have gone hand in hand, from the plow handles to eminence and fame, they can not now be readily recalled. James H. Webb was first married to Sally Cham- berlin; she died in 1879, and left four children, as follows: George, who is now in Government employ, Philadelphia; Charles G., bank cashier, Kansas; Edwin R. and William II. The second marriage was with Mrs. Mary M., widow of Joseph Munson, of Elmira. In the famdy of Mr. and Mrs. Webb is an ado])ted daughter, Margaret. James H. Webb has served as register and recorder of Bradford county three terms, six terms in the Legislature, and in his public life has been an efficient friend of the county and its interests. His intelligence, probity and suavity have ever called about him since early manhood troops of admirers and sincere friends, and he has never had to swap his old friends for new ones ; gentle and charitable, courageous foi the right always, yet forgiving toward the faults of others: the living personi- fication of what Scotia's bard wrote: " The rank is but the guinea's stamp — A man's a man for a' that." JOHN J. WEBB, contractor and builder, Towanda, is one of the prominent citizens of his township, and has contril)uted largely to the improvements of the borough. He was born in Orange county, N. Y., ^[arch 27, 1833, and is a son of David and Charity (Patterson) Webb, who were natives of New York, and of AVelsh and Dutch descent, respective! V, and for generations were tillers of the soil. David Webb, however, was a tailor by trade, and the father of six children ; the grandfather was a soldier of the Revolution. John J. Webb was the ''third in the familv of children, and grow to manhood in his father's home. He received the advantages of a fair English educa- tion, and learned the carpenter's trade, and in connection with this occupation has carried on a farm which is situated in North Towanda township. He came to Ih-adford county in 1855, and first settled in Sheshe(iuin township. In lsr)4 he enlisted in the 1^'irst New York Veteran Cavalry, Company D, and was honorably discharged at the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1271 end of tlie war, June 1, 1865. He married, January 1'2, 1859, Frances, daughter of Albert and Susan (Bull) Lent, whose mother was a native of New York, and her father of Wysox township, and the latter is now residing on the farm, where he was born in 1808, a representative pioneer of the valley. To this marriage have been born two children : Charit}^ and Susan. Mr. Webb is a member of the G. A. R., Wat- kins Post, and a Republican in political affairs. WILLIAM WEIGESTER, of Weigester & Morse, marble and granite works, Troy, Pa., was l)orn in Peterboro, Canada, December 9, 1858, and is a son of Jacob and Elizabeth (Kimble) Weigester, natives of Germany. He was reared in his native town and educated in the common schools. He settled in Troy, Pa., in 1881, served an apprenticeship of three years with his brother, George, at the marble cutter's trade, afterward worked as a journeyman, and, on the death of his brother in 1880, carried on the business for the widow one and one-half years. In 1888 he purchased the business, which he con- ducted alone six months, when he formed a partnership with Mr. Frank Morse, and under the firm name of AYeigester & Morse have since conducted a successful business. He married, Septem.ber 8, 1886, Susie J., daughter of Benjamin and Lorinda (Putnam) Smiley, of East Troy, and has one son, Charles. Fie is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics is a Prohibitionist. C. H. WELCH, general foreman, locomotive department, L. V. R. R. machine shops, Sayre, is a native of Philadelphia, and was boi-n May 1, 1855, only child of James and Eliza (Whitehead) Welch, the former a native of Norfolk, Ya., and the latter of Philadelphia. The father, who was a rope spinner, died in Philadelphia in 1855 in his thirt}'- sixth year; the mother now resides in Philadelphia. C. H. Welch was reared in Philadelphia, and received his education in the city schools. When seventeen years of age he went to Renova, and began an appren- ticeship at the machinist trade in the Philadelphia ife Erie Machine Shops, where he worked until February, 1881, when he came to Sayre and found employment in the L. Y. R. R. Machine Shops as journey- man until 1887, when he was made foreman of the machine department, and in July, 1889, was ])romoted to his present position. He was married in Renova, in 1878, to Miss Jennie, daughter of Rev. McCor- mick and Mary (Bolinger) Graham, natives of Clinton county. Pa. Rev. McCormick Graham is a minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church; his family consisted of seven children, of whom Mrs. Welch is the fifth in order of birth, and five are living. Of this marriage there were born two children : Claire and Willmina. The family are members of the Episcopal Church. Mr. Welch is a member of the F. & A. M., Rural Amity Lodge, No. 70, also of the Patriotic Sons of America, and in politics he is a Republican. ARTEMUS WELLER, Litchfield townsliip, P. O. Athens, was born in Tioga county, N. Y., February 25, 1840. a son of Frederick Weller, a farmer who spent the greater portion of his life in Athens township; his mother's name was Anna Spear; they had fifteen chil- dren, six of whom are livmg: Elizabeth J., married first to Isaac Osborn, and afterward to William Fish ; Ei'astus, married to Temper- 127'2 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ance Care}', resides in Tioga county, N. Y.; Rachel, married to Je- rome Wliite, of Athens; Leartus, married to Amelia Cornaby; Daniel, married to Jane YanGorder, of Athens, and Artemus, Our subject came to Athens when three years old, and lived there continuously until 1878, when he removed to where he now resides. He attended school in Athens until about sixteen, and received a good common- school education. He enlisted in the army, October, 1862, in the One Hundred and Seventy-first liegiment, Company C, P. Y. I.; he was in the service nine months, when he was stricken with paralysis and returned home helpless, and for two years after was unable to do an}^ business. Recovering somewhat, he engaged in the sawmill business, in which he had Avorked but a short time when b}'^ misfortune he lost the fingers of his right hand, which prevented him from doing anything. He then engaged for a time in peddling, and for a period of three years thereafter he was emploved at Athens with the Union Bridge Works. He came to Litchfield township and ]nirchased the farm he now occupies, containing fifty acres; the handsome residence and sur- roundings attest the success which has attended his efforts, lie was married, in 1869, to Ceiicia Fitzgeralds. daughter of Adam and Mahala (Carman) Fitzgeralds. Mr. Weller is a member of Perkins Post, G. A. R., No. 202, Athens. The family are members of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, and in ])olitics he is a Republican. NATHAN Y. WELLER, dairyman, Athens, a native of Chemung county, N. Y., was born March IS, 1842, and is a son of Jacob A. and Julia (Fitzgerald) AVeller, the former a native of Newburg, N. Y., and latter of New Jerse^^ The father, who was a farmer, died at Greene's Landing, Athens township, this county. May 12, 1887, in his seventy- eighth year. Mrs. Weller died in 1876, in her sixty-eighth year. Nathan Y. is the seventh in a family of twelve children, of whom two died in infancy; he came to Athens township with parents, March 4, 1843, was reared on the farm, and received the early part of his education in the public schools; then attended a ])rivate school two years. He enlisted in the army July 6, 1862, in Company I,One Hundred and Ninth N. Y.Y.I., and some of the engagements that he participated in were the battles of the Wilderness, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, North Anna and Hatcher's Run; he was wounded at Petersburg and North Anna, and at Spottsyl- vania he was taken prisoner, but esca[)ed the night after his capture with two others. He was mustered out at Tennallytown, June 16, 1865. After his return from the army he worked at the blacksmith trade ten years, and then abandoned it on account of ill health ; after- ward he engaged in farming and began the daiiying business in 1875; his farm contains 208 acres of well-improved land with good buildings; he also handles agricultural implements. j\[r. Weller Avas mari'ied in Athens township, November 8, 1865, to Miss Mary A., daughter of Edward and Agnes (Holmes) McMorran, natives of Scotland ; they immigrated to this county about the year 1849, and are now residents of Athens. Mrs. Weller," who is the youngest in a family of four chil- dren, was born i)i Scotland, August 21. 1844, and to them were Ixmii three children : Ki-ed M., Harry E. and Mary A. The family are mem- bers of the Presbvterian Church. Mr. Weller is a member of the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1273 F. & A. M., Eural Amity Lodge, Xo. 70, of the Chapter and Com- manden?^, is also a charter member of the G. A. R., Perkins Post, No. 202, and a member of the Union Veteran Legion, No. 28, and of the Union Veteran Union, of Sayre, also of the Royal Arcanum. Mr, Weller is a Republican, and has held the office of "township treasurer, auditor and secretary of the school board. N. A. WELLES, Wyalusing, the son of Matthias II. and Mary (Acklev) Welles, was born at Wyalusing, but spent most of his youth in Elmira, N. Y. He was educated in the public schools and Cornell University. After graduating, he came to Wyalusing, where he is connected with the M. H. & (t. II. Welles Lumber Company. He is married, and has two children, Sayre and Mary Ackie}^ The family worship at the Presbyterian Church. He is a Republican, but inde- pendent in town and county matters. RAYMOND M. WELLES, a prominent citizen of Towanda, was born in Wyalusing township, this county, in 1825, and is a son of Charles F. and Ellen (liollenback) Welles. His paternal grandfather was George Welles, a native of Connecticut, who settled at Tioga Point (now Athens), in this county, about 1800, where he engaged in farm- ing and later in merchandising, and resided there until his death ; his wife was Prudence Talcott, of a noted Connecticut family, by whom he had five children, viz.: Susan, Mrs. John Hollenback, of Owego, N.'Y.); General Ilenry (who married Sarah Spalding); Charles F.; James and Mary (Mrs. William Pumpelly). The maternal grandfather was ]VIatthias Hollenback, of German and Welsh descent, a pio"neer of the Wyoming Valley, who is said to have been the first trader at what is now Athens and Wysox, in this county, and at Elmira N. Y., and boated merchandise up the Susquehanna river on what was called " Durham boats ; " he was for many years a resident of Wilkes-Barre, and died there. Charles F. Welles^ father of our subject, was a native of Connecticut, and was reared in iiradford county from ten years of age. He had but three months of steady schooling in his life; however, he educated himself and studied law in Binghamton, N. Y., but never practiced his profession. Most of his life was spent in farming and in the land agency business. He was the first prothonotary, register and recorder of Bradford county, receiving his appointment to the office by the governor in 1815, and served in that capacity until 1822; he then removed from Towanda to Wyalusing, where he ^'esided until his death. Llis children were as follows: Charles F., Jr.; Sarah; Matthias H., Jane M. (Mrs. George M. Bixby); George H.; Henry H.; Raymond M.; John W. (whose name was changed to John Welles Hollenback by act of Legislature in 1862); William and Edward. Raymond M. Welles was reared in Wyalusing township and educated in the common schools and at Owego and Athens Academies. In 1850 he engaged as a dealer in agricultural machinery and hardware at Athens. In 1856-57 was engaged in the business of manufacturing fanning mills in Athens, and from 1857 to 1860 in the manufacturing of agricultural machinery, and from 1873 to 1876, was interested in agricultural works at Ithaca, N. Y. He has been a resident of Towanda since 1865. In 1850 he was married to Marv J., daughter 1274 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. of Thomas and Anne (West) Page, of Athens township, formerly of Kngiand, bv whom he has five children living-, viz.: Charles P., Francis K., Edward M., Emma L. and Arthur T. Mr. Welles is a member of the Baptist Church, and in politics is an Independent. Charlks Page Welles, eldest son of the above, was born in Athens, August 31, 1851, and was reared in Athens and Towanda and educated in the common sciiools and at Susquehanna Collegiate Insti- tute. He has been engaged in the crockery and I'ancy-goods business in Towanda since 1877. He was married, June 2, 1875, to Ellen, daughter of George and Sabra (Shinn) Best, of Quincy, 111., and has live children, as follows : Ellen and Florence (twins), Alice, Amelia and Mary. Mr. Welles is a vestryman of Christ Episcopal Church, Towanda. and is a member of the F. & A. M., K. T. Scottish Kite, and I. O. O. F. and K. of P. He served two terms as auditor of Bradford county ; was elected a member of the borough councils of Towanda 1888. Running 108 votes ahead of ids ticket, and was elected burgess of Towanda in 1890, and re-elected to council in 1891 by the unanimous vote of the second ward. He is a popular and enterprising citizen, and in politics is a Democrat. CHAPtLES WELLS, miller, Ulster, is a son of John J. and Harriet (Smith) Wells, both natives of Johnstown, N. Y., and was born in Mont- gomeiT county, N. Y., May 7, 1829. The Wellses are of Welsh, and the Sniiths of English, descent; their parents were born in Connecti- cut. His maternal ancestors came to this country in the " Mayflower/' and landed at Plymouth Rock, in 1620 ; the next year the " Mayflower" bore, on its second trip, among its passengers, the ancestors of his family on his father's side. His father was a farmer and miller. The son attended the common schools of New York until the age of seven- teen, and secured a fair education. At the age of eighteen he ran awav and shipped as assistant carpenter on the whaling-vessel, "Sophia,"' of Nantucket, bound to the Pacific, and forty-four long months were passed on the voyage; finally they reached Australia, and he left the ship, remaining at Sidney about two months ; then secured passage for California, which place he reached in the fall of 1852, three years after the gold discovery; he started for the interior to mine gold immediately on landing, and located in Maraposa county; was at the mines six months, when he started to i-eturn home, coming via the Isthmus and l)v steamer to New York, which he reached in December, 1852. In 1853 he came to Pennsylvania, locating at Mason- town, and engaged in the lumber business until 1861. Was then in the navy as master mate ; served on the United States supply ship, " Sup- ply,"" from which he was transferred to the United States sloop-of-war, '• Lackawanna," and joined tiie West Gulf squadron. In 1864 he was promoted to ensign ' and transferred to the United States steamer, "Glasgow," serving on board that vessel as executive officer until the close of the war. The vessels on which he served were in the block- ading fleet on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, and also participated in the capture of Mobile. Mr. Wells served altogether over three years in the navy. In 1865 he came to Towanda, and was appointed super- intendent of the mines at Barclay mountain. He built, in 1866, the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1275 first Steam gristiiiill that was ever erected in Towanda ; in 1868 he sold out and went to Ulster, where he purchased the Holcomb mill, running it until 1872, when he built the Ulster steam gristmill ; in 1878 lie added the roller process in this mill, for the manufacture of wheat flour. He has retired from active business. In 1857 Mr. Wells was married to Mary, daughter of G. 11. Mason, of Towanda, and by this marriage there were three children : Cora and Ida (twins), and Charles A., a printer. Mrs. Wells died in May, 1865, and Mr. Wells after- ward married Mrs. Amelia (Birdsall) Payne, by which marriage there are three children : Emma J., Jennie V. and Kate. Mr. Wells is a member of the G. A. 11., being one of the charter members of Gilmore Post, No. 227, and senior vice-commander. He has always voted the Republican ticket. When Mr. Wells was enlisted in the service, his name was spelled "Welles" on the books and papers, and he has never succeeded in getting it entirely corrected on the records. He draws a pension for injuries received in the service. The maternal grandparents of Mrs. Amelia (Birdsall) Wells were of French origin, and on her father's side tliey were English, by name Betts, three brothers taking passage on the "Mayflower," the second trip she made to this country. Mrs. Wells' first husband, J. Arthur Payne, enlisted in the Union ser- vice March 24, 1864, died April 24, 1864, and is buried at Monroeton, this county. J. M. WELLS, farmer, P. O. New Era, was born, June IS, 1843, reared and educated in Terry township, this county, a son of Daniel and Ruey (Strong) Wells, the former of whom was born in Terry June 27, 1820; the latter was born in Northumberland, Wyoming*^ Co., Pa., April 14, 1825; they were married February 3, 1841. Daniel Wells is the son of Samuel, who was a native of Rhode Island and a shoe- maker by trade, who removed to this county as early as 1778, at that time a young man ; it is said that he owned most of Terrytown, four hundred acres, but by some mismanagement he lost possession of it, and it is now owned by the Terrys. Like all early settlers, he did not confine himself to shoemakmg, but worked at other business. His family consistetl of nine children. Daniel was adopted by Maj. John Horton, with whom he lived until of age, when he married Miss Ruey Strong. To them were born thirteen children — six daughters and seven sons — all of whom grew to maturity; his grandchildren number fifty- six. He began with nothing, but by hard work, energy, patience and the co-operation of a devoted wife, he left behind him a large prop- erty, bequeathing to five of his sons a productive farm ; he was exten- sively engaged in the lumber trade, and during the war took a fair advantage of the high prices ; he lived in Terry township his entire life, with the exception of five years spent in Columbia county, this State; he held the oflice of justice of the peace nine years, showing the confidence and trust reposed in him. The subject of this memoir is the second son, and, like his progenitor, is a successful man of busi- ness and a practical farmer. At the age of nineteen (in 1862) with his brother George, whose age was twenty, he entered the army as a member of Company xi. One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I., for the term of three years, or during the war. J. M. was honorably 1270 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTT. discharged, on account of disability, and now enjoys a life pension. On February 22, 1872, when twenty -eight years of age, he was mar- ried, at Wysox. by Rev. David Craft, to Adelia A., daugiiter of James and Amanda Furman ; by this marriage there was born, January 10, 1873, one son, Herbert. ' Mrs. Adelia Wells died January 24:, 1874, aged twentv-three 3'ears, and for his second wife Mr. Wells married, August 11, 1875, Miss Mary J., daughter of Dr. J. M. and Lydia Furman, a cousin of his first wife, by which marriage there were born four children, viz.: Anna A., Burtie G., Daniel F. and Jessie M., all of whom are living and unmarried. Mr. Wells, who is an exten- sive farmer, owns 225 acres of fertile and productive land, 200 of which are cleared ; his dairy is large, and he makes that branch a specialty, and his stock is of the Jersey breed ; it is said that there is iron ore on his farm ; he is a member of the G. A. R., and a Democrat politically. LEVI WELLS, farmer and dairyman, P. O. Spring Hill, was born October 20, 1832, a son of Chester and Rebecca (Ilines) Wells, natives of Bradford county, the father born at Merryall. Chester Wells was a farmer by occupation, and a pioneer of the Spring Hill section of Tuscarora, while that country was so dense a wilderness that he was under the necessity of marking the trees so as to find his way back to Merryall settlement; he located on a farm on Spring Hill, built him- self a log cabin and commenced to clear a farm ; he was a t3q)ical pio- neer and made a competency from the farm and timber; be followed lumbering to a considerable extent, assisting in building the old slide down the hill to Ingham's mill, just above Camptown, and would send his logs down this slide, have them sawed at Ingham's mill, and then float the lumber down Wyalusing creek and raft it down the river. At his death he owned about two hundred acres of well-im|)roved land. His family consisted of five children, viz.: Clara II., married to John Bi-adford, merchant (deceased), late of Gold's Ferry, Conn.; W. W., merchant tailor and coal dealer, of Webster City, Iowa ; Eleanor J., married to Hiram Taylor, now residing at Cawker City, Kansas; E. C, residence, Newark, N. J., and Levi, the subject of this sketch. Levi Wells was born and reared on the farm he now occupies, and was educated in the common schools, i^ellaysville Academy and Wyo- ming Seminary. Attheageof seventeen he began teaching, and taught ten years during the winter seasons, devoting his attention to farming and stock-growing during the summers; he also became a practical surveyor, and has spent considerable time in the practice of that pro- fession. He now owns 2-10 acres of finely improved farm land, 200 acres being the old homestead. Pie makes a specialty of dairying, having recently completed a commodious stock barn, with a capacity of from fifty to sixty cows, and has it filled with choice Jersey stock. He has been using jerseys in his dairy since 1871, and is a pioneer of the breeding of that grade of stock in the county ; he ships the cream from his own and several of his neighbors' dairies to New York City and Philadelphia. Mr. Wells was married, January 21, 1861, to Helen S. Jones (deceased Se))tember 15, 1887). a daughter of Edward Jones, of I'ike township, and this union was blessed with six children: N. J., HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1277 now in the Wj^alusing Creamery; Chester, a cadet at the Naval MiH- tary Academy at Annapolis, Md. (he received his appointment to the cadetship in 1887, and will graduate with the class of 189o); Guy and Maud at home ; Fanny T. and Ilari'y B. (deceased). In 1861 Mr. Wells became a member of the Twelfth Keserve band, and went to the front; after about live months' service he was discharged and returned home ; in 1863, he became captain of Company G, Thirty- sixth Regiment Pennsylvania Mditia, and served two months; in 1864, he received a commission as captain United States Volunteers, and served on Gen. Duval's staff during Sheridan's campaign in the Shenandoah Valley. In February, 1865, he was transferred to tlie Army of the Potomac, and assigned to duty on the staff of Gen. Ramsev, commanding the Fourth Brigade, First Division, Second Army Corps, and was with him until the surrender of Lee, except when, for a short time, a prisoner of war; from that time until his discharge in August, 1865, he was on staff' of Gen. Pierce of a provisional corps organized for duty in the South whenever the exigencies of the times might demand their presence; was appointed commissary of subsistence with i-ank of captain, May 18, 1864, and brevetted major, for efficient and meritorious service, August 9, 1865. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and is an A. Y. M., Franklin Lodge, No. 263, Lacevville; a member of Jackson Post, No. 74, G. A. II., Wyalusing. Politically Mr. Wells is identified with the Republican partv, and has always been a promi- nent factor in politics in his section. In the bitter campaign of 1890, he was candidate for sheriff on the straight Republican ticket. MARKLE C. AVELLS, music and sewing-machine dealer, Towanda, was born in Jackson township, Tioga Co., Pa., July 30, 1844, and is a son of Benjamin and Eliza (Updyke) Wells, of English and German descent. His paternal grandfather, Norman Wells, was a pioneer of Wysox, in this county, where he married Elizabeth Cool- baugh. He was many years engaged in lumbering and merchandis- ing at Daggett's Mills, Tioga Co., and in later life removed to Jackson township, in that county, and died there; he was a prominent politi- cian of his day, was a Whig, and a natural orator. The maternal grandfather was Foster Updyke, of Holland-Dutch extraction, and a pioneer of Jackson township, Tioga Co., Pa. The lineage of the Updyke family is traceable back to the Thirteenth century. Benja- mm Wells, father of our subject, was a native of Barrington, Yates Co., N. Y., and for eight years was a captain of a militia company. He was for many years engaged in the lumber business in Tioga county, and died in Jackson township, that county. Markle C. WeTls was reared in Tioga count}^ and educated in the common schools and what is now the State Normal School, at Mansfield, and began life as a teacher in the common schools, and later, for four years, was em- ployed in different capacities in the lumber business. During the late Civil War he was a Government sutler two years, and then engaged in the mercantile trade at Lamb's Creek, Tioga Co., and later at Dag- gett's mills. For a time he was a book-keeper for a business house at Owego, N. Y., and spent one year at Corning, N. Y., as local and traveling agent for the Howe Sewing Machine Co., and in 1873 settled 1278 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. in Towiuida, where he has since been engaged as a dealer in sewing machines and musical merchandise. He married, October 23, 1872, Mable, daughter of Asher and Betsey (Silvernail) Armstrong, of Owego, N. Y., and had three children, as follows: JSTellie, Harry B. and Fred B. Mr. Wells is trustee of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is a member of Owego Lodge, F. & A. M., No. 587, Owego, N. Y. Politically he is Independent. S. M.^ WELLS, farmer and mechanic, Orwell township, P. O. Ilerrickville, was born in Orwell, November 11, 1834, and is a son of Henry and Betsie (Baily) Wells, the former of whom was born in this county, was a mechanic and a noted singing teacher, having taught many years; he removed to Illinois, where he died in 1850; he had seven children, viz.: Elmira, married to Allen Brown, and died several years ago; Mary C, married to B. F. Walker, and died in 1890; S. M.; Chester, in Dakota; Charles, deceased; Henry, in Florida; Abagail, married to Fred Kewcome, of Iowa. S. M. passed his boyhood attending the common schools ; he learned the carpenter's and joiner's trade, which he followed until May 13, 1861, when he enlisted in Com- pany F, Fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Reserves,, and served until June 11, 1864, when he was discharged. He was in nearly every engagement in which the Army of the Potomac was involved during the time of his service, except the battle of Antietam, being in the hospital at that time, and was in the battle of Dranesville, the Penin- sular Campaign, the battles of Second Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, the Wilderness, and in numerous minor engagements. During the battle of the Wilderness (fifth day) he received a shell wound in the calf of the leg, and at Bethesda Church he received a shell wound in the head, which fractured the skull and which still gives him great trouble. Leaving the army, he resumed his trade until 1882, when his health became impaired, and he was obliged to retire; he owns a small farm. Mr. AVells has been twice married, the first time to Anna Matdda, daughter of John ]\[urphy, and to them were born the following children : Charles, married to Josei)hine Warner ; Grove, married to Flora Allis ; Alonzo, married to Flora Coggswell Burton ; John, and Ora. The mother of these children died August 8, 1889, and July 5, 1890, Mr. Wells married Susanna Roberts, widow of Joshua Roberts'! Mr. Wells is a member of the Baptist Church, and of the I.O. O. F., Rome Lodge, having passed all the chairs; he was a charter member of the G. A. R. Post at Ilerrickville, and is a Republican. Mr. Wells saw as much hard service while in the army as almost any one, and returned suffering from the effects of his wounds and exposure. The Government gi-anted him a pension of twelve dollars a month. JOHN S. WESTBROOK. farmer, P.O. Macedonia, Avas born in Standing Stone, May 10, 1835, and is a son of Isaac and Deborah (Smith) Westbrook, natives of the county, of German ancestry ; he was reared on his father's farm and educated in the schools of his native township, and then taught some time, and when yet a young man commenced contracting on public works, and was about sixteen years engaged in building railroads, and among other jobs was one on the Union Pacific Railroad. August 26, 1866, he married Mary E., daughter HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1279 of Philip and nannah(Sliei-rv)Ilenry, natives of this State, and wlio was born in September, 1845. There liave been born to them tliree children, two of whom are living: William II., born August 16, 1871, and Eobert A., born October 12, 1878. Mr. Westbrook came to Asylum township, in 1851:, commenced farming, and is now the owner of several farms, of a total of 250 acres, and by economy and industry is rated as one of the solid and substantial citizens. He has been a Democrat many years, but is at present Independent, and votes for the best man ; has held positions of public trust, and is now a school director and the town commissioner. O. B. WESTGATE, carriage manufacturer. Canton, is a native of West Burlington township, near the Troy township line, this county, having been born May 4, 1833, a son of Wanton and Betsey (Headley) Westgate, natives of Massachusetts and New Jersey, respectively. Wanton Westgate was a blacksmith by trade, and also followed farming, having settled in West Burlington about the year 1815; was born Octo- ber 15, 1789, and died in Granville tow^nship, March 17, 1839. Mrs. Westgate, a daughter of James Headley, was born November 21, 18 — , and died May 27, 1873. She was a cousin of J. T. Headley, author of the " History of the Rebellion," and also a cousin of P. C. Headley, an author, both of whom were educated for the ministry. Our subject, who is the younger of two sons (his brother, who was the elder, died at the age of fifteen), was reared in West Burlington, attended school three months, but received the principal part of his education from his mother who taught school over fifteen years. He served an appren- ticeship at the house painters' trade in Troy, and during the winter taught singing schools through the western part of the county, and also pla3^ed the clarionet in bands. He removed to Monroeton, and was engaged in the manufacture of wagons five years; thence went to Troy, and was there engaged in the grocery business one year; then moved to Towanda, and worked at carriage painting one year; returning to Monroeton, he worked at house painting one year; then was again in Towanda for a short time, and thence returned to West Burlington, where he still owns the old homestead. At the end of two years (in 1870), he removed to Canton and began the manufacture of carriages, which has since been his occupation. In the spring of 1886 he started a harness shop, which he still carries on. Mr. Westgate was married April 26, 1865, to Emma, daughter of Benjamin H. and Lucy (Crippen) Steevens, natives of New York; her father, a farmer b}^ occupation, was born April 20, 1805, settled in Tro}-^ township in early life; was married (the second time) in Vermont, "^in 1842, and died March 22, 1887. Mrs. Steevens was born May 21, 1810. The paternal grand- father, Joel Steevens, settled also at Tro}^ in early life, and the mater- nal grandfather, Amos Crippen, who was a native of Vermont, and resided in Rutland county until advanced in years, removed to Troy borough, this county, and died in 1864 in his eighty-seventh year. Mrs. Westgate is the third in order of birth in a family of three daughters, and one son, and was born in East Troy, September 29, 1844. To Mr. and Mrs. Westgate were born two children: Benjamin H., married to Ora Andrews, and Lucy Helen. The family are members of the Pres- 1380 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. byteriaii Cliurcli. Mr. Westc^ate has served as justice of the peace, assessor and school director; is leader of the Canton Cornet Band, and a member of Westgate's Orchestra; is also a member of the 1. O. O.F., Canton Lodge, No. 321, and has passed all the chairs of the Order; polit- ically he is a Republican. G. W. WETHERBEE, blacksmith, Grover, is a native of Tioga county. Pa., and was born August 28, 1838, a son of M. W. and Olive (Houghton) Wetherbee, natives of New Hampshire, former of whom is a farmer and resides in Tioga county, Pa., now in his eightieth year; the latter died in 1888, in her seventy-fourth year. The grand- fathers, Edmond Wetherbee and Simeon Houghton, were among the first settlers of Delmar township, Tioga Co., Pa. Our subject, who is the second in order of birth in a family of eight sons and one daughter, was reared on his father's farm in '^Tioga county, and received his education in the common-schools. After he became of age he farmed four years, and then served an apprenticeship at the blacksmith trade, which occupation he has since followed. On July 7, 1865, he removed from Tioga county to Canton, Pa., where he remained four years, then came to Grover, where he has since resided. He purchased the first building lot sold in Grover. He was married in Union township, Tioga Co., Pa., December 23, 1858, to Emeline, daughter of Hubbard and°Eliza (Kilburn) Spencer, natives of Connecticut. Hubbard Spencer was a farmer, and resided in Tioga county, near Grover, where he died, September 30, 1888, in his seventy-fifth year; Mrs. Spencer died March 28, 1884. Mrs. Wetherbee is the eldest in a family of eight children, and Avas born in Tioga county. May 30, 1839. To Mr. and Mrs. Wetherbee have been born two children : Carrie E. (wife of Frank Fitzwater) and George D., who is a partner with his father. The family are members of the Disciple Church. Politically Mr. Wetherbee is a Republican, and served four years as school director, and three years as constable. WILLIAM WPIEATLEY, farmer, Franklin township, P. O. West Franklin, was born in Durham county, England, November 2, 1841, the son of William and Jane (Hall/ Wheatley, both of whom are natives of England. His father came to this country in 1845, locat- ing in Frankhn, on the south side of Towanda creek, near where David Smiley now resides; he died in January, 1876, aged eighty -seven years, his wife following him Se[)tember, 1877, aged sixty-six. Their family consisted of ten children, eight of whom grew to maturity, and are now living; five of them were born in England. Our subject is the fourth of the family, and was reared and educated in Franklin, and spent his life at general farming. At the age of twenty-five he married Miss H. Gerahline, daughter of Hiram and Sarah (Allen) Fairciiild, of Franklin township. 'J\[r. and Mrs. Fairchild removed to this countv from Glens Falls, N. Y., when Hinim was a boy of seven- teen. To"^Mr. and Mrs. Wheatlev were born children as follows: Fred L., Leon F. and William II. Fred has embarked in the mercan- tile business, under the firm name of Mason rady townshij). Kalamazoo Co., Mich., February 2, 1837. a daughter of Levi and Philena (Clark) Burton, who removed from Michigan to Tioga county about 184:0, where they engaged in farming. In 1854 she came to this county, and made her home with William Lewis. On August 5, 1855, at LeRoy, she mar- ried Samuel W. Wilcox, a carpenter, who was born in Bradford county, Pa., a son of Isaac Wilcox, one of the pioneers of this county. To this union were born four sons, three of whom grew to maturity : Emery B. and Emerson B. (twins), born April 13, ISSf) (Emery B. married, in September, 1881, Rose, daughter of Lewis and Elizabeth Sellard, of Canton; Emerson B. married, Mav 2, 1877, Ilattie R.. daughter of Walter and Emdy Leavett, of Canton), and George L., born August 22, 1800, married, in December, 1884. to Lettie D., daughter of Orlando and JAK'inda Perry. Samuel W. Wilcox (deceased) enlisted in the army in lSr»2, in Company C, One Hundred and Thirty-second P. V. I., and, for courage and good behavior, he was promoted during the first year to the rank of sergeant; he was wounded in the first finger of the right iiand. After his discharge from the One Hundred and Thirty -second he joined, on September 16, 1864, a regiment of New York (.';ivalry foi' the term of. three years, of which he served six months. While on a i-aid near (^oldsborough he was shot dead on the field. Mr. Wilcox was a soldier loved and resi)ected by his com- rades in arms. His widow, the subject of this sketch, lives on the farm of eighty acres, and on whicii an; rjiised stock, grain and l)uttei-. Her two eldest sons were educated at the Soldiers' Or])haiis School, Hartford, where they spent six years, Mrs. Wilcox is a mcml)er of the Methodist Episcopal Church, HISTORY OK BRADFORD COUNTY. 1::>87 S. A. WILCOX, farmer, LeRoy township, P. O. East Canton, was born in LeRoy township, this county, October 8, 1841, a son of Heze- kiah and Eliza (Moore) Wilcox, natives of Orange county, N. Y., who removed to and settled in LeRoy ai)out 1830, on a farm of eighty acres, where in addition to farming Mr. Wilcox also gave his attention to the lumber business. At the age of twelve the father lost one of his limbs through sickness, which made it difficult for him to move aronnd in after years ; his family numbered four sons and one dauo-h- ter, all of whom grew to maturity. The subject of these lines, \vlio is the fourth member of the family, was reared and educated in his native town. On June 19, 1863.^ he married Carrie, daughter of George W. and Hannah (Morse) Porter, of LeRoy, and to them has come one child, Coryell, born May 21, 1866, who married Mary, daughter of Hiram and Lucinda Parkhurst, and is now a prosperous merchant in North Dakota. Mr. Wilcox is engaged in general farm- ing on a tract of 117 acres. He served nine months in Company C, One Hundred and Thirty-second P. V. I., was wounded at the battle of Fredericksburg, and now draws a pension of $10 per month. Mr. Wilcox is a member of the I. O. O. F., and of the G. A. R., and is a Republican in politics. FREEMAN N. WILLCOX, farmer, P. O. New Albany, was born on the farm where he now resides, in Albany township, this county, April 19, 1828, a son of Hiram S. and Maria (Langford) Willcox, farmers, of English origin, former of whom was also born in Albany township. Grandfather Freeman Willcox, who was a pioneer in New Albany, and one of the first permanent settlers, was a great hunter, and is believed to have killed more deer and panthers than any man in the county; he was a soldier in the War of 1812, a man of influence in political matters, one of the founders of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Albany township, and a great Abolitionist. Hiram S. Willcox was also an active man in politics, and was a justice of the peace many years. Freeman N. Willcox was reared on the farm and at the age of fifteen years engaged in a general store at Wyalusingas a clerk; was also many years in mercantile business for himself, and has been successful in all his enterprises. Returning to his farm in 1859, he engaged in farming. In August, 1861, he enlisted in Com- pany K, Fiftieth P. V. L, and in April, 1862, he was discharged on account of ill-health, but re-enlisted in March, 1864, in Conipanv G, same regiment; he was wounded through the thigh by a gun-shot at the battle of Spottsylvania, and was eight monthsin thehospital; then was detailed as clerk of his regiment, which position he held until July, 1865, when he was discharged. Mr. Willcox is a Republican in l)olitics, and in 1880 he was elected a justice of the peace, and is now serving his third term. He was married, November 16, 1852, to Celinda A. Lawrence, who was born February 24, 1830, and whose maternal grandfather, Ephraim Ladd, was one of the pioneers of the township of Albany. Mr. and Mrs. Willcox have had the following named children: George H., married to Ada L.Jones; Franide J., wife of Edward E. Cole; Fi'eeman C, married to Ida Bowman, and Maud E. Mr. Willcox has a fine farm of seventy-five acres, and his 1288 HISTORY OF HRADKORD COUNTY. oTanclchiUlren are of the fifth generation of the name who are living on the place. He is much respected bv^ the entire community. G. H. WILLEY, farmer, of Franklin township, P. O. Franklindale, was born in Franklin township, this count}^, May 26, 1852, a son of Horace S. and Debby Ann ( Andrus) WiUey, the former born in Dutchess county, N. Y., in 1801, the latter in Schuyler county, N. Y. The father removed to this county in 1830, locati"^ng at the mouth of Sugar creek, where he engaged in wool carding and fulling business. After the lapse of a few years he removed to Franklin township, locating on what is now known as the " Willey property,'' a part of a 400-acre lot which he purchased from the State. His property was divided into two parts, one known as the "upper place," and the other as the " lower place," both being situated on the north side of Towanda creek. He tirst lived on the upper place a few years, and then moved to the lower place. He successfully engaged in the manufacture of lumber, chieflvonthe upper place, and operated a gristmill on the lower place, buy i no- an old mill which he so materially impnn^ed and operated as to make a success of it, and at which he continued until his death, which occurred November 29, 1889, at the age of eighty-eight years. He was a self-made man, accumulating all of his property by hard labor, which property is now divided among his heirs. At the age of thirty-five he married Miss Debby Ann, daughter of Cyrus Andrus, by whom he had six children — three sons and three daughters— four of whom grew to maturity, our subject being the sixth in the family. He was reared and educated at Franklindale. spending two terms at the Mansfield State Normal School, and has always followed farming. On December 17, 1879, he married, at Monroeton, Mari(m, daughter of Humi)hrev and Esther Knickerbocker, former of whom was a native of New York, and died in Libby Prison during the ('ivil War. To this marriage has been born four children : Horace K.. (1. H., Jr., Max L. and Mattie L., all unmarried. iMr. Willey follows general farming. His stock is well mixed with Jerseys, and 'he has lOO acres of fertile bottom-land well under cultivaticm.' He is a member of the Patrons of Industrv, of the Methodist Ej)iscopal Church, and is a Democrat. A. D. WILLIAMS, of the firm of Burk. Thomas 6c Co., Canton, was born in Trov, Mav 25, 1840. His parents were Edwin C. and Julia A. (Williams) Willianis, natives of Troy township, where the former was a mechanic and also followed farming; he died in Troy, in Octo- ber, 1875, in his sixty-third year. The mother was the daughter of Ansel Williams, of Troy, and was born July 30, 1815, and for forty-five years resided on the spot where she died; she was a person beloved l)y all who knew her. "Kind to the ])oor and un Fortunate, her cheery words have lightened the gloom of many hearts and nuule life seem bright." Her grandfather, David Williams, emigrated from Wales to this count°v in an early day. Our subject was an only child, ancl was i-eared in Troy, receiving his education in the iniblic schools of Troy^ Trov Academy and Dickson- Seminai-y, at Williamsport, Pa. In 18fi7 he removed tc) Canton, and formed a i)artnership with Timotliy l*>urk and E. II. Thomas in the general merchandising business, and il is one of the oldest and most successful business lii'ms in tiie county. He HISTORY OF MKADFOIII) COUNTY. l^S!) was united in inafi'iao'e in (Janton, in lS(iO, with Emma, dauglitor of Samuel II. and Almira (Manley) Newman, natives of Wyoming' county, Pa. Mrs. Williams, who is the second in ordei" of birth in a, family of six children, was born in Wyoming countNS Pa., in IS-IS. To Mr. and Mrs. Williams was born one daug-hter, Anna. The family are mem- bers of the Presbyterian Churcii, of which Mr. Williams is an elder, and a teacher of the Sunday-school ; politically he is a Republican. FPtANK WILLIAMS, larnier, Pike townsiiip, P. O. Neath, was born in Middletown, Susquehanna Co., Pa., July 28, 1864, a son of Samuel F. and Elizabeth (VV^atkins) Williams, ruitives of Pennsylvania and of Welch descent. In his father's famil}' there were three children, of whom Frank is the second. Mr. Williams spent his boyhood on the farm, attended the common school and the Leliaysville Academy ; he purchased his present home of 125 acres, in ISOO. On April 10, 1890, lie ^vas married to Miss Anna, daughter of James and Mary (Howells) Jones, natives of Wales. Mrs. AVilliams is a member of the Congrega- tional Church at Neath; in politics Mr. Williams is a Republican. H. N. WILLIAMS, of the law firm of Williams, Elsbree S^ Wil- liams, Towanda. This is one of the prominent firms of Bradford county, known all over this section, and commanding a clientage both large and respectable. Mr. Williams is a son of N. P. and Elizabeth (Miller) Williams, natives of the same place; the father of English descent, the mother of Dutch. The famihMvere agriculturists on their farm in Steuben county,N.Y., where they had located in 1835, and remaineduntil the death of the father in 1884 at the advanced age of eighty-one ; his widow survives and is aged eighty-six. They had born to them six chil- dren, of whom H. N. is the eldest living of the four sons. He grew to his majority as a farm boy, with the advantagesof superior home influences, and was in attendance at the academy some time. When a well-grown youth he commenced teaching school, and followed this some time both in the country and village schools, and then was engaged as principal of the Wellsborough (Pa.) Academy, during three years., While teaching he occupied his spare hours, and commenced taking a, bird's-eye view of the " garnered wisdom of the ages " of a long time ago, when " the memory of man runneth not to the contrary," and in 1850 was licensed to practice law in the town of Wellsborough. Soon thereafter he opened his office at Canton, where he remained in a busy professional life seventeen years. In 1878 he removed to Towanda, and has made this his permanent home and abiding-place. As an advocate before the courts it can be truthfully said of Mr. Williams that he has, upon appeal to the highest court, succeeded in reserving the decisions from which he has appealed in an average of more cases than perhaps any lawN'er in the county, having had four cases rev^ersed, aiul sent back at one term of the Supreme Court. Ilis statement of the case to the high court is always so clear and distinct that it is all the printed argument that he needs to make. While Mr. Williams has eschewed office hold- ing, and given himself almost wholly to his profession, yet he is not an unknown quantity in the politics of the day either in the county or State. A Republican, he has wielded a significant influence in the councils of his party, and has carried its banners, to many of its most 1290 HISTORY OF BRADFOim COUNTY. brilliant victories, and has helped successfully in guiding it between the Scylla and Charj'bdis that at one time or another will frown upon the progress of every dominant party. In 1858 he was united in mar- riage with Miss Lucy A. Austin, who died Ai)ril 1, 1889. They had a family of two children : Charles R. Williams (in the Government employ as postal clerk) and Robert H. Williams, a partner in his father's law office. JOHN WILLIAMS, molder, Sayre, is a native of Bavaria, and was born March 1, 1837, a son of Frank and Magdalena (Achna) Williams, natives of Bavaria, who immigrated to New York City, in 1838. In earh' life the father was a farmer. John is the eldest in a family of four sons and daughters; he served an apprenticeship at the molders' trade in New York Ciiy, where he remained about twenty- six years, and then worked in Buffalo, Jersey and Mauch Chunk, and remained in the latter place about ten years; then went to Elkhart, Ind., and from there returned to Mauch Chunk, and remained until March, 1885, when he came to Sayre. and has worked in the L. Y. R. R.. foundry since. He married, in Mauch Chunk, in 1873, Miss Mary A. Keefer, a native of Lehigh county. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Williams enlisted in the " One-hundred-day call," in Company A, Eleventh N. Y. Y. I., and was discharged at the expiration of his term; then re-enlisted in the lat- ter part of 18G3, in the North Atlantic Sciuadron of the United States Navy, and was in the engagement at iort Fisher and other battles along the Caj)e Fear river. He w^as mustered out after Lee's surren- der. Politicallv, Mr. Williams is a Democrat. B. G. WILMOT, miller, and of the firm of B. G. Wilmot & Son, Rome Planing Mill, Rome, was born in Orwell township, this county, August 10, 1840, and is a son of Henry and Sarah (Crum) Wilmot. His father was twice married and had eleven children, three by his iirst wife, of whom our subject is the youngest, and the only one living. Of the children by the second marriage, Albert N. resides in Sullivan county. Pa.; Henry B. is in Larrabee City, N. Dak., the oldest engin- eer on the Union Pacific Railroad ; Ida married George Fields and resides in Groton, N. Y., and Mary married Alonzo Robinson, of Towanda. Our subject's boyhood, up to his tenth year, was speni on the farm, then he Ijegan driving teams, hauling mercliandise and prod- uce to and from Smithboro, N. Y., Orwell and Rome, and followed this six years, and attended district school, receiving (juite a good education for that period. He then worked in a gristmill in Allegany county, N. Y., and remained there three years and learned the trade of a miller in a mill now owned by W. H. Sypher, and remained there until August 11, 1861, when he enlistetl in the Union Army in Com- pany G, Fifth N. Y. v. C, and participated in every battle fought by the Army of the Potomac, as well as many skirmishes; he was cap- tured at the battle of Ilagerstown, July 6, 1803, and was taken to Libby Prison, and then to l>elle Isle, where he was paroled October 28, 1863, and sent to Navy Yard Hospital at Annapolis. From there he was sent to Dismount Camp, Geesboro, and Washington, D. C, and there he was prostrated by intermittent fever and erysipelas, and was HIvSTORY OF ItKADFORD COUNTY. lJ>f»l sent to Dismount Hospital. After his recovei'v lie was appointed ward master of that hospital, hut when fully recovered rejoined his regiment at Frederickshui'g'. At the battle of Nye River he was recaptured, in company with his ca|)tain. May 15, ISOi, and experienced all the horrors of all the Southern prison pens, as he was moved from one to another, from Richmond to Charleston, and after nine months of horror was released, January 3, 1865, a mere shadow of liis former self, weighing only 112 pounds. He with others had attempted to tunnel out of the prison, with nothing but knives to dig their wav, and some who got out, after weeks of such labor, were recaptured and returnetl. When again well, he rejoined his regiment, in May, 18(55. He married, April 7, 1863, while at home on a ten-days' furlough, Sophia C, daughter of Damford and Debora (Rockwell) Chaffee. The fruits of this marriage are six children, viz.: Lettie, married to F. E. Boothers; Minnie R.; Charles L., married to Alice J. Johnson (he is associated with his father in the planing mill); Claud B.; Daisie and Susie. After returning from the army our subject learned the trades of wagon making anti house carpentering, which he has followed since, and he is also a stair builder of pronounced skill. He and his son Charles built the mill they now operate, in 1889; the machinerv consists of two planers and two buzz-saws, turning lathe, one jig-saw, one scroll-saw, shingle machine and feed-mill; the mill has not the capacity to fill the orders they have. Mr. Wilmot is a member of Stevens Post, No. 69, G. A. R., is past senior commander, and now holds the office of adjutant; is a member of Roman Lodge, No. 418, F. vfc: A. M.; has taken the degrees, is past master, and now fills the chair of senior deacon. He is a straight Republican, has been elected to nearly all the borough offices, and was constable and tax collector nine years. ERASTUS WILSON, farmer, Terry townshii>, P. O. West Terry, was born in Eaton, Wyoming Co., Pa.,' September 12, 1837, a son of Andrew and Margaret (Bush) Wilson, the former born in Northamp- ton county, the latter in Monroe county, Pa. Andrew was a black- smith, and worked at his trade in early life; he came to this county in about 1854, and located in Wyalusing township, on what is known as "Oak Hill,''' where he purchased a farm of eighty-two acres, which he improved, and in a short time made a beautiful farm. At one time before he removed he held the office of constable; he died at the age of seventv-seven in the year 1883. His family numbered thirteen, ten of whom grew to maturity, and six are now living. Our subject, who is the sixth in tlie family, was reared and educated in Wyoming county, and has always confined himself to agricultural pursuits. In 1859 he married, at"^ Wyalusing, Miss Eliza, daughter of John and Catharine Terry, and there were five children born to them, three of wdiom grew to maturity : Elma E., married to Lewis Hoff- man, by whom she had one son, Erastus, and afterward married Free- man N. Phillips ; Mary, married to Delmar Lenox, and George H. Mr. Wilson is a self-made man, having received only $400 from his father's estate ; the rest he has accumulated by economy and perse- verance. He is a successful farmer, raising grain and hay chiefly. In 1293 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1889 he erected a beautifully constructed residence; has lived on his present pro])erty twenty-five years, and has the confidence of his fel- low-citizens, who have elected him to the office of road commissioner four years. In 1864 he entered the army, and joined Company I, Forty-fifth P. Y. I., and served until the close of the war, at which time he was honorably discharged, and now draws a pension. Polit- icallv he is a Republican. REUBEN WILSON, farmer, Monroe township, P. O. Liberty Corners, was born in New York City, April 15, 1832, and is a son of Thomas and Caroline Wilson, natives of Connecticut, and of Scotch origin. In their family were two cliiklren, of whom Reuben, the elder of the two, came to Frenchtown in 1856, and three years later moved to Libertv Corners. On August 10, 1861, he enlisted, at Monroe, in Companv"' K, Fiftieth P. Y. I., and participated in the following battles :'Pocataligo, Coosaw River, Second Bull Run, Poplar Springs, Chantillv, South Mountain, Antietam, Mine Run, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, 'South Anna, Nye River and Petersburg; was struck several times, and had his whiskers shot off, but was never wounded. At the expiration of his first term of three years he re-enlisied, and was dis- charged on surgeon's certificate of disability, December 28, 1861; he then returned to Libertv Corners, where he has since resided. Mr. AVilson was married, March 22, 1865, to Miss Harriet T. Gale, born March 13, 1840, daughter of John and Charlotte (Benjamin) Gale, and thev have one child, Herman A., born January 9, 1866, married, December 30, 1885, to Mary Connmey, by whom he has two children : Nellie May and Ethel. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson are members of tiie Methodist Episcopal and Baptist Churches, respectively; he is a mem- ber of the G. A. R. Post at Towanda, and is a Republican. STEPHEN F. WILSON, farmer, Austinville, was born in Columbia townsiiip, this county, September 25, 1858, a son of James and^ Mary (Gustin) Wilson. His paternal grandparents, George antl Jane (Fowler) Wilson, were among the pioneers of Columbia township, settling on the farm now occupied by Orr Wilson, which with the assistance of their sons they cleared and improved, and there they died ; their children are as follows: Letitia (Mrs. Hosea Kennedy), Nancy (Mrs. Labon Rockwell), John, James, William, Orr and Stephen. Of these, James was born in Southport, Chemung Co., N. Y., in 1815, was reared in Columbia township, and cleared and improved the farm now occu- pied bv our subject, and died there ; his wife was adaughter of Thomas (Mrs. Fred Watkins) and Frank (Mi of this sketch was reared on the old homestead which he now owns and occupies, and mai'ried :^riss Flora Dewey, of Austinville. lie is one of the enterprising young farmers of Columbia, and in politics is a Democrat. MORGAN L. WINSTON, buyer of hides, leather and wool, Troy, was born in Stephentown, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., July 31, 1811, and is a son of Lewis and Lvdia (Bennett) Winston, of English descent. He was reared in his native State, educated in the common school HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1293 antl bcn'iin life as a tanner and currier in his father's tannery, in Che- nango county, N. Y., which business he followed until thirty years of age; for five years thereafter he was engaged as a boatman on the Erie and Chenango canals, and then for four years was manager of a tannery in Greene. Chenango Co., N. Y. About the year 1850 he came to Bradford county, locating in Columbia township, when he engaged in farming two years ; then removed to Wells, engaged in farming there two years, and one year as buyer of grain, pro- duce and hides, and in 1856 he located in Troy, where he has since resided, engaged as a buyer and seller of hides, leather and wool. He was married three times, his first wife being Polly C. Benedict, his second wife Luc}' Keech, and his third wife Harriet Madge, of Troy, by whom he has three children : Jennie, Nellie and Martie. Mr. AVinston is a well-known and respected citizen of Troy ; is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and politically is a Democrat. LELAND O. AVOLCOTT, farmer and stock-grower in Windham township, P. O. Windham, was born in Warren township, this county, January 20, 1801, and is a son of Loren B. and Laura A. Wolcott, also natives of Bradford county. The maternal grandparents were Joseph and Laura Morey, natives of New York, who came to Bradford county in 1817, and located in Warren township; the paternal grandparents were Josiah and Lydia (Yerbecks) Wolcott, of Connecticut, who came to Bradford county in 1830, and located in Warren township; on both sides they were agiiculturists, and had boldly ventured into the almost unbrolcen wilds. The parents of Leland O. are still living, anil have reared five children, of whom he is the eldest. He was reared on his father's farm and educated in the public schools of the vicinity. In 1880 he went to Windham township, where he commenced farming, and now is the possessor of a finely-improved farm of 120 acres. Leland O. Wolcott and Minnie Beckwith, of Orwell, were joined in happy wedlock; she is the daughter of Austin and Julia A. (Russell) Beck- with, of Pennsylvania. Of this union there are three children, as fol- lows : Irving L., born February 1, 1886, and Florence and Flora (twins), born August 12, 1888. Mr. Wolcott is a Republican, and is now serving his fifth term as town clerk. Mrs. Wolcott is an exemplary member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. T. D. WOLCOTT, merchant, Athens, is a native of Litchfield township, this countv, and was born February 11, 1840; his parents were Samuel P. and 'Lydia (Bidlack) Wolcott, "natives of this county. Samuel P. Wolcott was a farmer, and was born December 27, 1811, and died in January, 1882 ; his maternal great-grandfather, Capt. James Bidlack, lost his life in the Wyoming massacre ; it is a fact in his- tory that he was held on a burning brush heap by the Indians with pitchforks, and burned to death. The paternal great-grandfather, Silas Wolcott, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War ; was with Washington through many of the hard campaigns during that strug- gle, and acted as one of Washington's body guards, during the memoi'able winter when the army lay encamped at Yalle}' Forge. T. D. Wolcott is the third in a family of eight children, six of whom are now living. He received a comnion-scliool education, and the early 1294 HISTORY OF BRADFOKD COUXTY. part of his lite was s))eiit in tlie lumber business. lie was foreman for Harris & Saltmons and llunsicker & Harris, of Athens, Pa., and after- ward for Canfield tt Cotton, of Williauisport, Pa. He quit the lum- ber business in 1872, and in the spring of 1873 engaged in the gi-ocei-y trade with Mr. Gobi, under the firm name of Wolcott & Gohl, and continued in that business until the fall of 1888, when he sold to his partner. Since then he was engaged in building and improving his proi)ertv until 1891, when he went into his former business again. He was"^ married, in Wellsboro, Pa., January 15, 1872, to Miss Eva, daughter of Edwin and Samantha (Horton) Hastings, the former a nati° e of Massachusetts, and the latter of Kew \ ork ; they have always lived in Tioga count}" since childhood, and he is one of the oldest merchants in Wellsboro. Mrs. Samantha (Morton) Hastings is a descendant of Barnabas Horton, who came with two of his brothers in the ''Mayflower;" Mrs. Wolcott is the eldest in a family of six chil- dren, and was born at Stony Fork, Tioga Co., Pa., July 18, 1852. To Mr. and JVLrs. Wolcott were born five children, viz : Harry L., Carrie E., Mark P., and Edwin and Wyland (both deceased). Mrs. Wolcott is a member of the (Jniversalist Church. Mr. Wolcott enlisted in the State Militia during the Civil War, but was out only a short time ; he is a member of the G. A. R., Perkins Post, No. 202, also a member of the F. & A. M., Rural Amity Lodge, No. 70; has served one term as burgess of Athens borough, and politically he is a Prohibitionist. HORACE L. WOLF, baker, confectioner and proprietor of res- taurant, Troy, was born in Troy, this county, August 27, 1850, a son of James and Anna (Mink) Wolf, the former a native of Columbia township, this county, a son of Michael and Betsy (Furman) Wolf, who settled in (/olumbia township in 1811; the maternal grandfather. Rev. William Mink, of Rhinebeck, N. Y., was a native of Germany, James Wolf, father of subject, who was a shoemaker by trade, and was for manv years a resident of Troy, in later life removed to Elmira, N. Y., wheVe he died in August, 1861 : his chiklren were ten in num- ber: William, Martha (Mrs. J. W. Harding), Charles, John. Kate, Thaddeus, Lottie (Mrs. J. W. Gustin), Horace L., Frank and Howard. The subject of this memoir was reared in Troy, and educated in the public schools; during the Grant campaign in 1868, he lost both arms by the premature discharge of a cannon. In 1887 he embarked in his present business in Troy, in which he has since successfully continued; he is an enterprising citizen ; in politics he is a Re|)ublican. NELSON WOLF, a prominent fai-mer of Columbia township, was born in Columbia township, this county, August 11, 1815, and is a son of Michael and Elizai)eth (Furman) Wolf. He was reared in Colum- bia township, where he has always resided, and occupies the old home- stead of his father, which he partly cleared and im])roved. He married twice: his first wife was Cecelia Edwards, of Columbia town- ship, bv whom he had four children: Sarah J. (Mrs. liayton Shepard), DeWit"t, Mattie (Mrs. Harry Chase) and Miranda; his second wife was Phebe Ferguson, also of Columbia township. Mr. WoU is a member of the Presbyterian Church : jmlitically he is a Republican. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1:^05 rtENSELKx\U WOLF, tanner, of Columl)i:i townsliip, P. O. Vir- tus, was born in Columbia township, tiiis count\\ May 7, 1813, and is a son of Michael and Elizabeth (Furinan) Wolf. His father was a native of Connecticut, of German parentas^e, and located in Columbia township in 1813, and soon after settled on what is known as the Wolf settlement, and, with the assistance of his sons, cleared and improved the farm now owned and occupied by his son, Nelson, and died there. His wife was a daughter of William and Abigail (Ilal- leck) Furman, pioneers of Columbia township, and by her he had eleven children, as follows : Abigail (Mrs. Robert Early), William, Georg-e, John, James, Michael, Martha, lienselear, Nelson, Horace and Maria (Mrs. Henry Gifford). Our subject was reared in Columbia townshij), where he has always resided, and cleared and imjiroved tlie farm of 1*20 acres he now occupies. He married twice: liis first wife was Emma, daughter of Obetiiah Brown, of Columbia township, and b}^ her he had one daughter, Alice (Mrs. Abram Joralemon) ; his sec- ond wife was Martha, daughter of James Fries, of Columbia town- ship, and by her he had two sons: Jacob and James. Mr. Wolf is a leading and well-known citizen of the township; in politics he is a Republican. HORACE WOLFE, retired farmer of Columbia township, P. O. Snedekerville, was born in Columbia township, this county, Februarv 7, 1810, and is a son of Michael and Elizabeth (Furman) Wolfe, who settled in Columbia township in 1813. He was reared in his native town- ship where he has always resided, and cleared and improved the farm now occupied by his son-in-law, Lewis Hammond. His wife was Hul- dah Haynes, by whom he had three children: George IL, Maria (Mrs. Lewis Hammond) and John II.; his daughter (Mrs. Hammond) has one daughter, Nora. Mr. Wolfe has been one of the most successful farmers of Columbia township, and is one of its leading and represen- tative citizens; politically he is a Republican. GEORGE H.AVOLFE, farmer, P.O. Snedekerville, was born in Co- lumbia township, this county, October 11, 1854, and is a son of Horace and Iluldah (Haynes) Wolfe. He was reared in his native township, educated in the common schools, and has alwaj^s followed farming as an occupation. He lived on the farm where he has resided since 1880. On March 17, 1880, he married P>elle, daughter of Ananias and Rachel (Gordon) Knapp, of Wells township, and has two sons, LeRoy H. and Ilallock C. Mr. Wolfe is an enterprising and promi- nent farmer, and in politics is a Republican. JOHN II. WOLFE, farmer, P. O. Snedekerville, was born in Columbia township, this county, November 8, 1858, a son of Horace and Iluldah (Haynes) Wolfe, and a grandson of Michael and Eliza- beth (Furman) Wolfe, who settled in Columbia township in 1813. The subject of these lines was reared in his native township, where he has always resided, and has occupied his present farm nine years. In August, 1881, he married Hattie, daughter of James and Mary (Gustin) Wilson, of Columbia townshi]i, and thev have three children : Fowler, Olive and Horace. Mr. Wolfe is one of the leading farmei's 1::>9G HISTORY OF BKADFOKD COUNTY. of ('oluiiibia township, and is an energetic and enterprising citizen. Politicallv he is a Iiei)ublican. . HOSE A C. WOLFE, farniei-, V. O. Columbia Cross Iloads, was born in Columbia township, this county, October 10, 1832, a son of George and Leefe (Kennedy) Wolfe ; his paternal grandparents, Michael and Elizabeth (Furman) Wolfe, settled in Columbia township, in 1813, and his maternal grandfather, Alexander Kennedy, was one of the pioneers of Spring-Held townsiiip. George Wolfe, father of subject, after reaching his majority settled on the farm now occupied by his son, John I). Wolfe, cleared and improved it and died there; his children were six in number, as follows; Lydia (Mrs. Charles W. Joralemon), Susan (Mrs. Oliver O. Besley), Hosea C, lihoda (IMrs. Eugene Youmans), John D. and Betsey (Mrs. Jefferson Warner.) llosea C. Wolfe was reared in Columbia township, where he has always resided, cleared up a good deal of land in the township, and has occupied his present farm since 1867 ; he is owner of four farms, con- taining, respectively, 170 acres, 107 acres, 100 acres, and 235 acres. He married, P^ebruary 15, 1855, Lucy L., daughter of Levi and Fannie (Luther) Cornell, of Columbia township, and by her he had three children : Clinton A., Ella E. (Mrs. Charles P. Shaw) and George L. The last named was born October 26, 1865, resides on the homestead with his father, and was married, December 7, 1887, to Minnie E., daughter of Churchill and Ida (Goodrich) Strait, of Columbia town- ship, and they have one daughter, Dora. Mr. Wolfe is one of the most prominent and enterprising farmers of Columbia township. In poli- tics he is a llepublican. PETER WOLFE, farmer, P. O. Sheshequin, is a native of New Baltimore, N. Y., born February 18, 1820, and is a son of John and Esther (Parker) Wolfe, of New York. There were six childi-en in his father's family, and four came to this county: William, Ephraim, Jane and Peter. The family wei-e tillers of the soil, and came to this county about 1842, settling in Ghent. The grandfather, Peter Wolfe, served in the Ilevolutionary War seven years, was a captain, and was a prisoner two years, confined in the "hulks. The father was a success- ful farmer; he sold the farm at Ghent, and bought 300 acres in the same township. Peter was reared at North River, N. Y., where he was educated until he was twelve years of age, when he commenced life for himself. In 1868 he bought the farm he now owns, and which consists of 100 acres of bottom-land, well improved, and has a dairy of eight cows. He married, F'ebruary 21, 1845, Marshie, daughter of Roswell and Polly (Webster) Russell, the latter of whom was related by blood to Daniel Webster. To them were born the following chil- dren : Adelaide, married to Rufus Mallery ; John, married to Ethlen Brown, of Shesliecjuin ; Roswell, died when aged sixteen ; Jda, died in infancy; Kate, married to Cornelius Alliger; Peter, mairied to Emma Smith; Isabelle, married to Ossie Vandozer, and Jessie, married to Loyd Kinner, of Waverly; there are eleven grandchildren. Mr. Wolfe was in the country's service during the Civil War, four months, employed in the Construction Corps, serving in Tennessee; he is a Democrat in his political [)references. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COfNTY, 1297 I5EEBE W. WOOD, farmer uiul stock-grower, V. O. Laceyville, was born in Pike township, this county, December 29, 1827, and is a son of David Wood (born in Dutchess county, N. Y.) and Amy (Wells) Wood, the latter of whom is a native of Bradford county. The father of subject came with his parents to Pike townshi|) pi-ior to 1800, where they took up a considerable tract of land. The fatlier passed his life in that township, and had the following children: Polly Ann, Beebe W., William J., Sarah Ann, Abigail, Abner, Harriet and John A., of whom Beebe W. and William J. are the only residents of this county. Beebe W. Wood was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools of his day. At the age of twenty -one he j)ur- chased the farm where he now resides, the only improvements at the time being a small clearing and a small frame dwelling; the first purchase contained seventy acres, which he proceeded to clear and improve; he has' added to it until he now owns over 200 acres well improved, 175 acres being cleared and under cultivation. He operates a large dairv, and has his farm well stocked with horses and cattle. Mr. Wood was united in marriage, April 30, 1856, with Susan E. Wood, daughter of Josiah Wood, of Pdce township, and this union was blessed with two children : Mary, married to Cornelius Overton, now a farmer of Nebraska, and Ella (deceased). His wife dying in 1868, Mr. Wood married, November 4,1869, Emma E. Wakeley, a daughter of Burton Wakeley, of Tuscarora. The family are members of the Baptist Chui'ch, at Laceyville; he is a deacon of the church, and also licensed to preach, but has not made a practice of preaching. He is a charter member of the Tuscarora Insurance Company, and has been its treasurer since its organization; politically, he is aliepubliean, and has filled various town offices. CHAPtLES C. WOOD, master painter. Northern Division L. V. It. II. Shops at Say re, is a native of Binghamton, N. Y., and was born July 10, 1834, a son of Orin and Sallie (Baldwin) Wood, the former a native of Connecticut, who settled in Ijinghamton, in early life; the latter a native of Monti-ose, Susquehanna county. The father, who was a mechanic and boot and shoe merchant, removed to Niles, Mich., in 1835, where he died in 1840, in his thirtieth year; the mother died in Candor, N. Y., in the spi'ing of 1869, in her sixty-fifth year. Great- grandfather Baldwin was a soldier in the Pevolutionary War. The family consisted of five children, of whom the last three died in Michi- gan ; the surviving brother, Orlando S., is a piiysician and resides in Omaha, Neb. Charles C. Wood came with his mother from Michigan to Susquehanna county, where he received a common-school education, and learned the baker's trade in Montrose. In 1853 he began an apprenticeship at the painter's trade in Sullivan county, and completed same in Owego, N. Y.. where he remained about foui- years; then went to Towanda in 1861, and worked at house and carriage painting. In October, 1869, he accepted the position of foreman painter on the railroad, which he has held ever since. Mr. Wood was married in Candor, N. Y^., December 31, 1854, to Caroline E.. daughter of Elijah and Marion (Boeie) Moody, the former a native oi' Massachusetts, the latter of lioylston. N. C; her father, who was a merchant and exten- sive live-stock dealer, died in Towanda, in 1863; her mother died in 1298 msTOKY OF bkadkord county. same place in 1874. Airs. AVood was the 3'oungest in a family of seven children— five daughters and two sons — of whom three are living; she was born in Montrose September 26, 1834, and died in Sayre, Kovem- ber, 1886, a most estimable wife and a consistent member of the Epis- copal Church. To Mr. and Mrs. Wood were born three children, of whom two are now living, as follows: Minnie, wife of Edward Black- mui'e, of iSTew York City, and Charles M. The family are members of and worship at the Episcopal Church. Mr. Wood is a member of the Knights of Honor, and is serving his third term as president of the AVilbur Hook and Ladder Companv, No. 1.; is also president of the Democratic club of Sayre. C, M. WOOD, stone-cutter, Tuscarora township, P. O. Silvara, was born in Tuscarora township, this county, January 11, 1867, and is a son of W. J. and Elizabeth (Owen) Wood. His mother died, and his father mari'ied, for his second wife, Mary Finch. By the first mar- riage he had the following children: Milly, married to B. E. Wood, a lumberman, of Sullivan county, Pa.; Louie, married to James Harvey, a farmer, of Susquehanna county, Pa.; George, a farmer, of Bradford ; Hattie, married to Horace Bristor, a farmer, of Pike township; C. M.; Carrie, mai'ried to George Share, a miller, of Pike township, and Gertie, residing with her grandparents on Spring Hill. Our subject ])assed his boyhood in Silvara. and at the age of fourteen began life for him- self; he followed farming a few years, and then for live years was in the lumber business, and since then has been following the trade of a stone cutter. He began his occupation in the Bennett quarry, and for the past several luonths has been in the quarr}" of Fish c'c Iloudly; he is a Republican in politics, and takes an active interest m the political aflfairs of his neighborhood. FPtANCIS WOOD, farmer, P. O. East Smithfield, was born June 16, 1845, on the farm where he now resides, a son of Mei'it and Abi- gail (Kingsley) Wood, natives of this county. The Woods trace their genealogy back to the year 1582, and one of the family came to this country from Derbyshire, England, settling at Concord. Mass., in 1638 ; the great-grandfather of our subject was Samuel Wood, boi-n at AV^estminster, ALass., in January, 1761 ; when sixteen he enlisted in the service of his countrv, and served through the Itev(jluti()nary AVar : in 1780 he was in the Department of AVest Point, and was one of the participants in the taking of Maj. Andre into camp after his capture by the three "cow boys." He settled in East Smithfield township, this county, in 1809, with his family. Francis Wood, who is the second in a family of five children, was educated in the common schools of the townshi)) and at Mansfield Xormal Sciiool. He was nuirried, December 28, 1869, to Louise D. Campbell, who was born July 17, 1847, a daughter of Alber and Rowena (Phelps) Cam|)bell, of Athens. To Mr. and Mrs. AV^ood have been born five children, viz.: Raymond, born May 31,1871; Mmnie, born June 22, 1872; Merit, born August 5, 1877; (ilennie, born January 29, 1879; and one not named. l)orn November 17. 1890. The family are members of the Disciple (Jhurch, of which AFr. Wood is deacon. IJe is a, sti'ong Pro- hibitionist, and was on the ticket of the party in the fall of 1890 for HISTORY OF BRADFOKI) COUxN'TY. 1200 slicrili' of the county ; has a line farm, dairying beinsox, was born March 28, 1821, a son of Amos and Harriet (Hinman) York. He has been engaged in contracting, lumbering, milling and boat- building, in various parts of the United States and Canada ; he was foreman on the ]^orth Branch Canal, and assisted in putting the hrst water over it, and has charge of keeping a portion of it in repair. He enlisted, February 15, 1864, at Ithaca, N. Y., in Company K, New York Artillery, and was in the following battles : Wilderness, Korth Anna, South Anna, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, and was wounded while on picket duty in front of Petersburg, June 17, 1864 ; was taken to Harwood Hospital, Washington, D. C., and was discharged on surgeon's certificate of disability. May 29, 1865. He returned to Wysox, boated on the canal, and contracted in lumbering as long as he remained in active life. For several years after the war he carried his disabled left arm, but was finally obliged to have it amputated at the shoulder. He purchased his present home in 1879, and has resided on it ever since. Mr. York married Arila Birchard, and they had three children : Nellie H.. Loella and Fi'ederick W. His first wife having died April 1, 1879, Mr. York married Mrs. George Fox, of Wysox. He is a member of the G. A. R. Post, at Tow^anda, and has always been a most loyal Democrat. SIMEON A. YORK, farmer, P. O. Wysox, was born in Wysox township, this county, October 15, 1829, a son of Amos and Harriet (Hinman) York, the former a native of Wysox, and a descendant of the old English York family ; the latter a native of Connecticut, and of English origin. Amos and Lucretia (Miner) York, great-grand- ])arents of Simeon A. came to Wyalusing, in 1876, where he was taken prisoner and carried to Canada, the mother escaping with the children and making her way back to Connecticut ; one of the children died on the way. and she was obliged to bury it with her own hands under a saw- mill. Her Ijusband, being liberated, returned to Connecticut, and was buried one day before she reached there. The paternal grand))arents of Simeon A. were Rev. Manassah M. and Elizabeth (Arnold) York, who came to Wysox, and the maternal grandparents were John and 1304 HISTOKY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Hannah (Mallory) Hinman, who came to Wysox about 1701, the grand- father having made a previous visit and taken up a farm soon after his arrival; he built the first gristmill in Bradford county, on the farm now owned by J. L. Morgan, and it was in o))eration three years, hence is not remembered by some as the first mill in the county. Rev. Manassah Minor York was about the first permanent minister in the county, and preached from Wyalusing to Athens. The children of Amos and Harriet (Ilinman) York were: Wealthy Ann, married to J. V. Woodward, of WiUiamsport, Pa.; Xelson PL, of LaGrange, 111.; Manassah M., a one-armed soldier living in Wysox; Harriet M., deceased wife of E. A. Coolbaugh ; Saphrona E., E. A. Coolbauoh's second wife; John C, a farmer in Missouri; Simeon A., the subject of this article ; Penelopy F., who died at fifteen years of age; James S., clerk in drug store at'Rockford, 111, and three deceased. Simeon A. York has always been connected with the homestead farm and now owns seventv-five acres of it. He was married, June 11, 1856, to Jane D., daughter of John and Phebe (Kelley) Barnum, natives of Delaware county.^l^. Y., of English and Irish lineage, respectively ; they have six children, as follows: John, born April 9, 1857, engaged in ranch- ing in Montana ; Harriet M., born October 8, 1858, married Lyman J. Xorton. a farmer, Hillsgrove, Pa.; Charley H., born August 23, 1861, a farmer, Colorado: Mary N., born March 30,1864, married D. A. Crawn, of Wvsox; Amos M., born September 5, 1866, and Lizzie F., boi-n March G, 1868. Mr. and Mrs. York are members of tlie Presby- terian Church at Wysox, of whicii he is elder, Sunday-school superin- tendent and president of tiie board of trustees. Politically he was formerly a Democrat, then a RepubHcan, but is now separated from all partV influences, and votes independently. EDWARD B. YOUNG, druggist, Monroeton, was born Decem- ber 11, 1838, in Beaver Meadows, Pa., a son of Edward F. and Eunice E., (Hinman) Young. His father, who was a native of Oneida county, N. Y., was a molder, machinist and draftsman by tiade. As early as 1830, he located in Towanda, and later at Monroeton, where he engaged in the foundrv business; from there he went to Beaver Meadow, and thence to Foundryville. In 1838, he returned to Mon- roeton, and operated a furnace' and foundry, which in 1850 was com- plete! v destroyed. He immediately rebuilt on the site where PI. W. RockwelTs foundry now stands, and to whom he sold in 1864. He resided in Monroeton until his death. His wife was a daughter of John B. Ilinman, a pioneer of Monroeton, and by her he had two children: Marion E. (Mrs. Stephen R. Ormsby) and Edward B., our subject, who was reared in his native State. He received a common- school education, and most of his life has been spent in Monroeton, where he managed the store of D. J. Sweet, for fourteen years, and was deputv postmaster during that time. For three years alter the war he was in the restaurant business. He had an interest with Mr. Sweet in business two years, and since 1888 has been engaged in the drug business. He was in the Civil War, having enlisted October 14, 186'l, in Company F, Twelfth Wisconsin Volunteers, and served four years, when he was honorably discharged, having re-enlisted January 3, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1305 1864. He married twice: his first wife was Lou Douolas, and his second was Sarah A., daughter of William B. and Mary (Warren) Reif- snyder, of Albany, tliis county, and by her he had five children: Car- rie' E., Edward F., Willie M., Till. B. and Marion Genevieve. Politically Mr. Young- is a Republican. He is a member of the K. of H., the G. A. R., and the P. O. S. of A. JOHN M. YOUNG, proprietor of " Knight's Hotel," Troy, was born in Columbia township, Bradford Co., Pa., June 24, 1841, and is a son of Edward and Celinda (Woodruff) Young. His father was a native of Lincolnshire, England, and came to America in 1825, settling in Bradford county. In 1839 he located in Columbia township, cleared a farm, and there he died. His wife was a daughter of Jesse and Polly (Dobbins) Woodruff, pioneers of this county, and by her he had three children: William J., Henry and John M. Our subject was reared in his native township and remained on the old homestead until 1874, when he engaged in the hotel business at Troy, later at Burling- ton, and has been the proprietor of "Knight's Hotel," in Troy, since 1887. He was married October 18, 1866, to Harriet A., daughter of James and Martha (Brace) Bullock, of Columbia township, and has one son, Edward J. Mr. Young is a popular and genial landlord; politically he is a Republican. CAPTAIN ROBERT YOUNG, farmer, P. O.Troy, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, June 30, 1819, a son of John and Mary (Anderson) Young, who came to America in 1824, locating in Schuylkill county. Pa., and later removing to Lycoming county. In 1876 the father came to Troy township, this county, and died at the residence of our subject, in 1880. Capt. Robert Young was reared in Lycoming county, learned the molder's trade, in Williarasport, in 1840, located in Troy, where he was employed in the foundry of Seth W. Paine, fifteen years; then moved to Tioga, Pa., and engaged in the foundry business for himself, two years; in 1857 he removed toWellsboro, Pa., and conducted a foundry there until 1863. In Jtme, 1863, he joined, as second lieuten- ant. Company A, First Batallion Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was mus- tered out after three months' service; he immediately re-enlisted as a private in Company A, One Hundred and Seventh P. V. I., and was soon after promoted to first lieutenant and later to captain, serving in latter capacity about two years, and was honorably discharged and mus- tered out of the service in August. 1865. Tie then located m Troy, where he was in the employ of Mr. Paine until the burning of the foundry, after which he took an interest as a stockholder in the Enter- prise Foundry and Machine Works, in Troy, with which he Avas con- nected until 1884, since which time he has"^ been engaged in farming. Capt. Young was thrice married: first time to Elizabeth Williams, of Troy; and second time to Mrs. Eunice Gdmore, of Troy, and third time to Mrs. Melissa (Mosher) Lanud, of Troy, his present wife. Capt. Young is a popular and well-known citizen of Troy township, a member of the F. & A. M. and G. A. R.; in politics he is a Republican. WILLIAM W. YOUNG, clerk, Austinville, was born in Mains- burg, Tioga Co., Pa., December 22, 1840, and is a son of William and Almira (Basett) Young, early settlers of that place. He was reared in 1306 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Tioga coiintv, Pa., until ten years of age, when he removed to Colum- bia township, this county, where he has since resided. After reaching his majority lie engaged' in farming, at which occupation he continued ten years, and since then has been in the employ of the late A. B. Austin and J, W. Hibbord as clerk in a general store. Me married, July 4, 1861, Sarah, daughter of Abijah and Thursa (Palmer) Ayres, of Canton township, and has four children : Austin, Lilian (Mrs. Will- iam Watkins), Lizzie and Curtis. Mr. Young was in the Civil War, having enlisted March 1, 1865, in Company I, Ninety-seventh P. V. L, and served six months, when he was honorably discharged. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is a Democrat. ALFRED D. ZELLER, foreman of the car blacksmith shop of the Lehigh Vallev Railroad, Savre, is a native of Sheshequin, this county, and was born March 18, 1860, a son of Andrew and Mary (Stickles) Zeller, natives of Wurtemberg, Germany, who came to this county about the year 1851. The father, who was a stonecutter, and, during the latter part of his life, a farmer, died in Sheshequin, December 18, 1880, in his sixty-second year; the mother resides in Sheshequin. Alfred D. Zeller, who is the sixth in a family of seven children, was reared in Sheshequin, and received a common-school education. Pie commenced his trade in Sayre, in 1881, in the locomotive blacksmith- shoiis, and was promoted to his present position in r:>ecember, 1890. He "was married in Waverly, N. Y., January 22, 1884, to Miss Ilattie A., daughter of John and Ilattie (Decker) Codet, the former a native of France, a ship-builder by trade, and the latter a native of this county (Mrs. Zeller is the youngest in a family of three children, and was born in Rome township, this county, December 12, 1864). To Mr. and Mrs. Zeller were born four children, viz.: Lora B., Lillie G., Jennie M. and Grace P. The family are members of the Bajitist Church, and Mr. Zeller is a member of the Patriotic Order Sons of America, Iron Hall and Sexennial League, and is treasurer of the latter. In politics he is a Democrat, and was elected one of the town councilmen of the borough of Savre in February, 1891. Il^DEX. PART I. Page. A brave girl 84 A land of farmers 19 Abolition party 289 AcacU'm ics 315 Ateident at Towanda 181 Adjusting the prophecies 268 Agriculture 19,270 Agricultural societies 387 Canton Union society, 4;)2— Farmers' insti- tute, 453. Alba boroug-h 389, 391 First school, 390. Allen, Gen. Ethan 133 Allen, Nathaniel 434 Allis Hollow .. 478 American Eagle, not web-footed 157 Amusements in Olden time 64 Ancient giants ..441 Anti-Masonic movement 293 Appearance of country, discovered 39, 40 Arrest of Col. Franklin 137 Asylum 393 Athens township 189,394 Proprietors, 189-Old hotels, 395— Lots,' 396. —No. 1, 398— Indian treaty, 399— Penn's purchase, 399— Village platted, 401— Trus- tees, Franklin, Satterlee and Shepard, 402 —First postoffice, 406— Cayuta mill, 406— Planing mill, 406— Cay uta Axle Company, 406, Athens borough 408 Offlcials,4U9— Chemung Viridge 411— Fire De- partment, 411 -Iron Works, 411, Hi, 413- Principal fires, 413— Old Exchange burned, 415— Growth of town, 415— Titles, 416— Town in 1842, 416— Old stone mill, 417— Old stage drivers, 417— Taverns, 417— As it was in 1850, 418-First school, 418— First ferry, 418— Physicians, 41s— Fulling mill, 419— PostofBce, 419 -First National" Ban R, 419— Union Bridge Co., 419— Schools, 420— Old Academy, 420,423, 424-Foundry, 424 —Sheridan's Iron Works, 425— Furniture Company, 425— Mattress Factorj-, 425— Car & Coach Co.. 425— Planing mill, 435— Flex- ible file, 425— SmuU's Tannery, 426— Butter Package Factory, 430 -Morlcy's Gristmill. 426-Townin 1861, 436-Present hotels, 426 —Business concerns, 426 -Cemetery, 427— Whisky Insurrection, 427. Sayre borough 427 Ground purchased, 437— Rail road shops, 438 —Arbor Association, 428— Water- works, 439 —Fire board, 439— Railroad division, 439— Borough incorporated: first olHcers, 429— Cayuta Wheel & Foundry Co., 429— Rapid growth of place, 429 -Schools 430. South Waverly 430 Called Factoryville, 430— .lohn Shepard, founder, 430— On State line, 431— Incorpo- rated, 431— Official, 431— Gas and electric lights. 431-Two Herdic lines, 431— Popula- tion, 431. Page. Attorneys 317 to 324 Austinville 459 B Ballibay 464 Barclay coal mines 433 Bai'clay postoffice 432 Bartram John 42 Bascom, Henry B 435 Battle in Bradford county, 103— Battle of Wyoming, 88. Bennett, Thomas 100 Bontley Creek 483 Biddle, Nicholas 217 Big Pond ■ 4b3 Bird's-eye view of county, 1813 149 Blacksnake and Mrs. Ballard 4:15 Blossl)urg mountain 33 Boroughs, number of 384 Boston Tea Party. 280 Bowman, Jacob 59 Boy, ye olden time 62, 63, 67, l.'^3 Bradford county 191 Called Ontario, 191— .lustices' districts, 193 —Obstacles encountered, 199— Trustees, 200— Townships, when formed, 201. Brave escape from Indians 100, 101 Burlington borough 441 BiitliT, .lohn 88 Butler, Zebulon 132 Cabot township. Camptown Canal Canton townsliii* Kccdllcctidus, Hoi'ace Spalding, 443— Ezra Spalding's ledger, 414— Spalding's house burned, 448— First schools, 448— Arrests vnider intrusion law, 449. Canton borough Officials, 45 —Business concerns, 451, 453— Schools, water-works, tannery, mills. 451 —Union Agricultural Society, 452— Farm- er's Institute. 452. Cannibals Captives 83, 84, 88, 100, 102, Carr. Robert Cash books balanced b.v war Centrcville Chilloway, Job Chubbuck, Aaron "Circuit riders" Civilization advances inider difficulties ... Civilizing Indians Claverack - Coal 24, Cold plague Collectors, 1815 Columbia Cross Roads Compromise act of 1799 Connecticut people 54, 454 59 217 443 450 28 108 58 180 48!} 59 177 318 47 28 189 4>3 436 187 459 143 127 1308 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, Page. Co()lbauf?li, Closes I'''! Comity seat contontion 'Ml Located, 203 — Org-anized, 203 — Topog- raphy, 129— County Poor Farm, 441— Where people lived, 203— Retrospective, 203. Courtship, fifteen minutes 162 Churches . . 351 Baptist, Troy, 351 — Presbyterians, SSI- Methodists, ;i52— Ot East Troy and Colum- bia Cross Roads, ;{52— Episcopal Cluuch, Troy, 352— Disciples, 352 — Universalists, 3 '2— Catholics, 352— St. Oohn's, 352-IMeth- odists. Canton, 353 — Baptists — Seventh Day Adventists of Alba, 3:i3— Di-ciijles, 353 —Methodist, East Troy, 353— Free Will, 353— Disciples, 9 HappyValley 59 Harrison, W. H., and Tammany Hall. 261 Death of President 389 Hartford Convention 179, 3:54 Hartley,Col »U 90 " Have I one son left ? " 108 Herrick township 463 Named for Judge Herrick, 463— First settlers, 463— Ballibay settlement, 464— Hon. Gtorge Iiandon, 464. Hibbardtown H icks, Edward History, advance in Hollciiback, Mathias Homicide, 1.58— Dalton killed Hurlbut. 230. Hooker, A. S. ("Wirt Arland") Hoover, Casper 389 110 59 Immigrants 48 First arrivals. 49 Compared to Napoleon, 49 Remarkable people, 51. ItKlians 27 to 39 Barbarities, 33— Paths, 33— "Roothojf or die," 33— Irotiuois, 39. IXDEX. 1309 Paoe. Infant industries 260 Insei'soli a captive 83 Intellectual prog'ress 249 Intrusion law HO Iron 25 Jackson and Clay 293 Jai'ndyce vs. Jurndj'ce 319 Jetl'erson, Thomas 253 Jenkins, Col. John 287,394 Joliet 34 K Kinney, H. L 318 Kinney, Simon 183, 317 Laddsburg- 389 Land disiiutes .. 283 Lamlon, Hon. George 464 Laixnte, liartholomew 288 Law. study of 3:i0 LaAv of averages 249 Leather breeciies 63 Leona 492 LeRaysville 482 Le Roy township . 465 First settlers, 465 -On south side Towanda, 466. Le Key village 466 Letts, Catharine (Mrs. Cole) 110 Liberty, blessed 252 Libert J' Corners 471 Lincoln and Douglas 297 Lincoln and Trumbull, episode 297 Litcliticld township 467 Localhistorv 249 Log cabin " 69 to 79 Lord,John 58, 59 Lott, Leonard 59 Luther's Mills 441 M McKean, Samuel McKean, Thomas •. Macedonia Madison's message Mail routes 207, Manors, Stoke and Sunbury Manufactures 19, Marquette Mason and Dixon's line Mason expelled Meade, Justice David Means, William 149,159, Mercur, Chief Justice " Middle British Colonies " Middletown Milan Mill creek Milltown Minequa springs Missionaric's and traders 39, Monroe struggling for county seat Monroe township Early settlers. 468 to 470 -Liberty Corners, 471— Northrup Hollow, 471— Westnn, 471— Masoutown, 471 — Greenwood, 471— Tan- nery, 471. Monroe boi'ough Moore's Hill Mora vian s Morrow, J udge P . D Mount Pisgah 437 287 393 261 208 117 270 34 283 172 132 201 305 42 483 540 407 394 450 560 201 468 472 540 .560 310 492 Napoleon, sympathy for 178 Nations, rise and fall of 34 Navigating the Susquehanna, 108,109,110 Pa(ji:. Negro suffrage 190 Slaves. 288, 435-" Cesar," 448. Newsi)apers, lirst here 148 to 189 Then and now s!54, :;57 Press chaptei- 330 to 340 New Albany 389 O 284, 271 to 280 25 435 42 191 Officials Oil Old church Old map Ontario, first (x)unty name Act creating county, 191. Orwell '. 197, Orwell township Called " Mount Zion," 473— Early settlers, 474, 477— Church organized, 477— Making rails to get marriage license, 477— Orwell Hill, 478— Allis Hollow, 478. Overton township Overton village Overton, first name of Towanda J Paine Island Painter, Philip Palatines 53, Pawling, Henry Pennamites and Yankees 81, 114, )19 to Pennsylvania and Maryland line Petit inns for new coun'y Pike township Indiun trail, 479— Josiah Bosworth, 479— " Half- Way House," 4i9 — Soldiers, War, 1812, 479-Welsh Settlement, 481— Welsh church, 481— Stevensville, 481— The Pha- lanx, 481— LeRaysville, 483. Pioneers, character of 41 , Persecutions in the Old World Politics 149,170,171,172, A "Merino ticket," 174, 2.5ii, 257— Begin- ning of, 280 — Talk of disbandinji- the States, 281— Jefferson and Hamilton, 282— Constitution formed, 282 - l'\)un(ling a democracy, 282— First meeting.--, 284 — Early leaders, 287— Abolition party. 288— Countv Democratic, 288 ~" Hunker " and " Free-soller," 289— Labor partv, 289— "Tylerized," 289— Party platform, 290— Farmers' Alliance, 290— Anti-Masonic, 293 —Jackson and Clay. 293— Presidential elec- tion 1888, 300-Election 1890,298. Poor Farm " Poor Richard's " philosophy Population.. •. 19, Postage in 1816 Postmasters, early Postoffices in county 212 to Potatoes 477 4.3 478 479 202 398 59 .54 .59 129 28:5 199 479 44 41 173 441 253 3KJ 188 207 314 384 Q Queen Esther 30,83, 91 Village 394 R Railroads— Lehigh Vallev. 218-Barclay, 218-Sullivan and State Line, 219- Southern Central, 2 9 — G. I. and S., 319-Northern Central, 219 Miles of road in the county, 384. Religion, old time 262 Return after Revolution 61 Revolution 79 — War meeting 1 78 , 8 — Effects of. 25 ■ . Ridgeburv township 483 Centreville, 483-Bent;ey Creek, 483— Mid- dletown, 48.3. R dgeway. Burr 101, 167, 183. 257, 315. 4.59 Rivers, Chemung and Sus(iuehanna 399 Rogers, Jonah • 100 Roads, tirst 207,210,441 1310 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Page. Knmc township ')tS3 Biiinptown 4^4 Home boroURli 485 Koyultv and lotieh 47,67, 60 Kinnnu'i-flold. Anthonj' 58, 59 Itumnu'rliold villat?e 393, 495 Russia and its miserahles 'SSO s Satterlec, Col 109,193, 400 Schools. 340 to 351 Primitive schools, 340— Master Root, Ben- diet Satterlee, Thomas Wijjton, Uriah Terrv, David Lake, Eliphalet Mason, Theodosia Wells, Mr. Brevost, Clarissa Woodruff, early teachers, U t — Free schools established, flist county superin- tendents, 34 L — Academies, 345 - school property, :W8— Scholars by towns and bor- ouglis, 3i8— Teachei-s, expenses, etc., 351 —Teachers' Association, 351. Scconis, John, James and Cyrus o9 SeeU'y, Samuel 393 "Scscnteen townships" Ill First and Second P^-nnamite and Yankee Wars, HI to 148— Decree ol Trenton, l:iO —Confirming Act, I'^-HaU-share rishts, 124,144— Sketch of Franklin,lCK— Confirm- ins- Act failed, 138— Act repealed, 139— Intrusion law, i40— Liti^iated, 140. Shawnees, 30 Shuefelt, Peter 54 Shepard, John 407 Sheshequin township 485 Meanms of name, 48.5— Col. Spalding, Judg-e Obadiah Gore, 486— Fi-ankliu Blue Stone Co., 487. Sheshtiiuin villase • 487 Simple »nnals of the poor 44 Simi)S()ii, Thomas 148 Si.\ Nations 'J~ Slocuin, Frances 108 Smitlilield township 488 East Smithfield 489 Snedekerville 459 Societies 369 Masons : Rural Amity, No. 70, 369— Union Lodge, No. 108, 370— Royal Arch Chapter, No. 161, 371— Northern Commandcy, No. 16, 371— Mt. Moriah Lodge, 371— Trojan Lodge. 372— Citnton Commandery, 373 — Canton Lodge, 372 Evergrt en Lodge, 372 —Roman Lodge, 372 Sniitlili»-ld Lodge, 372— LeRay Lodge, 373-Sisterho()d O.I.H., 373— Royai Arcaninn, 373— Asa Packer Lodge, 373-B. of L., 373-n. of L. F., 363 —Alumni, 374-Pomona Grange, 374— Golden Cvcle. 374— Union Agricultural, 374-K. ofP.,374-K. of H., 374-l.O.O.F., 374, 37o, 37ti, 377-G. A. R., 378, ,379, 380. 38 1 —Sons of Veterans, 379— Iron Hall, 379— K.of H..379 Mystic Lodge,379 P.O. S.A., 380-Buil72— Holl- enback's store, ,573— First .iustice, 573— Camptown, ,574— Churches, 574— Hornet's ferry, 574— Merryall, 575. Wyaiusing borough, 675— Incorporated, 575 — Officials, 575— Creamery, 576 — Industries. 576. Wyoming battle 88, 91 "Wyoming bed" 108 Wysox township 576 Early mention, 193— Was to be "Ke\y Baltimore," 202— First settlers, 576, ,577— First school-lunise, 578— Pond Hill, 577 — Myersburg, ,578. Wysox village 578 PART II. A Abbott, Wallace D ,581 Abell, Amaziah A 581 A bell, Lois A 582 Abell, Preserved T ,583 Abrams, David 583 Ackley, Demmon 583 Ackley, J. B fi84 Alden, Hon. John 584 Alden, Philo E 588 Allen, Darwin N ,589 Allen, Ezra 589 Allen, Henry H 590 Allen, John 591 Allen, J. A 591 Allen, Roberts ,593 Allen, S. O 593 Allen, William 593 Alliger, Cornelius W ,594 Alliger, Elijah 593 AUis, Charles H. . 594 1312 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Allis, Edwin I Allis, (icorwe K Allis, H. C Allis, I. M Allis, N.H Allyn, Jacob S Allyn, Thomas B. .. Alvord, Stephen! W. . Andei-son, Jeremiah Andress, L. J Andrews, W. H Andrews, W. W Angicr, G. M Angle, Elea/.er J Ang-lc, Philip C. Pack. . ... 594 ... 595 .. 5% ... rm .... 597 ... 597 ... 597 .... 598 .. 598 ... 599 ... (iOU , .. eoo ... GOl ... t50:i ... 601 Antisl. William tiOiJ Arey, Houry W 603 Arey, James L ti03 Armstrong, A 604 Armstrong, Georjre R 604 Armstrong, William E 605 Arnold, Corington T 605 Arnold, Henry C 606 Arnold, Senaca L 606 Arnout, Ijevi G 607 Atwood, Klmer J. 607 Atwooii, Frederick G 608 Atwood, Geoige N 609 Atwood, Rollin C 609 Avery, Cyrus 610 Ayer, O. F Oil Ayres, Enoch J 611 Ayres, Jacob J 61:J Ayres, M. P 61-' Ayres, Mrs. R 1086 Ayres, Shelly 613 B Bailey, George AV 614 Bailey, Mrs. Marian 614 Bailey, Newton J 614 Bailcv, Robert 615 Bailey, liodolphus D 614 Baker, William V 615 Baker, William W 616 Baldwin, Vine H 616 Baldwin, William F 616 Ball, Jacob L 617 Ball, Joseph A 618 Ballard, Charles H 618 Ballard, Lert J 619 Ballard, Shepard H 619 Ballentine, Kev. Georg-e 6-0 Barbour, James D 620 Barker, Perley N., M. D 6:^1 Barnes, GeorKe 6:il Barnes, rivssiis 622 Barnes, William.. 623 Barrett, lleiny 623 Barrowclitl, Washin^on I 62:5 Bartch, Jacob .T 624 Bartlett, Henry Arthur 624 Ba.xter, I'riali D 6 5 Beaman, John W 625 Beardsley, Chas. 1 626 Beardsiey, George G 6-.'(> Beck. Cyrus 626 Becker, Joseph 627 Bcebe, AbMPrM 627 Beidlcinan, (ieorge .M 628 Beidlenian, Josejih H 628 Benjamin, -Vlonzo E ; . 628 B i!n net t, .lames .. . 629 Bennett, W. A 829 Benslev, John G 6:50 Berrv. Alvin L 6:ifl Berry, Woodard 0:{1 Besley, John 6:11 Besley, William W 632 Bessey , Francis E 632 Best, Jerome E 633 Biles, Charles 635 Biles, John A 633 Page. Biles, Peter A 636 Bishop, Alonzo A 636 Bishop, .Joseph W 637 Bixby, Mrs. Clara 637 Bixbv,G. M 637 Black, Mrs. Elizabeth 639 Black, Harrison 638 Black, John 639 Black, John H 639 Black, N. A 640 Blackman, George W 640 Blackwell, John 641 Blackwell, Thos 642 Blair, A. Strvker.. 642 Bhiuvelt, Charles D 643 Bliss. Liston 643 Blocher, Jacob F 644 Bloom, Carpenter J 645 - Bohlaier, John J 645 Boland, i)ani-l F 646 Boland, Patrick 646 Bonnev,().M 646 Boslwick, Arthur 647 Bostwick, John 647 Bostwick, Wm 650 Bostwick, Zechanah 647 Bosworth, E. E ; 650 Bosworth, J. Alonzo ' 652 Bosworth, James W 651 Bosworth, Jasper P 651 Bosworth, Lewis A 653 Both wel 1, James L 654 Boughton, Lyman C 654 Boiu-ne, Danvers 655 Bo wen, A nson H 655 Bowen, Brainerd 656 Bowen, George A 656 Bowen, (ieorge W 657 Bowen. Kichard T 6,58 Bo^vcn, Zachary T 658 Bowma n, Frank A 659 Bovce, Joseph G 659 Boyd,J. W 660 Boyle. Francis 660 Bradburv, Daniel 661 Brailford, Daniel 662 Brainard, Spencer S 662 Brennan, Patrick P 663 Brink, T.W 663 Brink, Mrs. G. W 663 Brink, George W 663 Bronsh 681 Bullard, C. W 681 Bullock, C. E. (Canton township) 683 INDEX. 1313 Paoe. IJullock. ('. E. (SpriiisliPl Dimon, Charles ^76 Dinan, Thomas J. Jr ^*t) Dobbins, John E '*S Dobbins, William A 7ii7 Dobbins, William S '^7 Dodge, John E ;i,i» Dotv, Benjamin H ii9 Donglas, L. H -.9 Duart, D.H '^0 Dubert, George W /«0 Dumond, William E .»1 Dunbar, Oliver G -81 Dunham, William H 761 Dunklee, E. L ;*«2 Dunn, Bareley ^o^ Duruz, Augustus '«. Dwyer, Dr. Charles S 'o<* E Eastabrook, Frank E 784 Eastabrodks, A, J '84 Kastabrooks, Charles J 785 Eastabrooks, Marcus 786 Eastgate, James H 787 Eastman, Calvin J 787 Eastman, John 1 787 Eaton, William H 788 Edinger, Peter H ■i89 Edsell, John W 789 Edsell, Mrs. Sarali E 789 Edson, John M 789 Eighraey, Lewis 791 Elliott, John H 791 Elsbrce, A. C 793 Elsbree,J.L 793 Elsbree, N.N 793 Elsbree, Perry H 793 Elwell, E|)hraim W 794 Ely, Joseph M 794 Emery, Jacob 79.) English. Orlando 79G Ennis, Frederick A 79b' Estell, Geo. S 797 Evans, DavldT 79. Evans, Henry 798 Everitt, Edward A 798 F Fairbanks, Morris 799 Fanning, Adelbert C 799 Fassott, .John (^ A 800 Fee, Andrew 80u Fee, Deborah A 800 Fee, Martin 801 Fell, Ul v.^^ses M 803 Field. Oliver D 803 Finch, Ira 803 Fitch, E. (i 804 Fit/.giTald, Cornelius 804 Fitzgcralii, Thomas 804 Fleisher. Daniel 80.") Fleming, David T 805 Fletcher, B. Frank SOB Fletcher. John P 806 Flory, William H 807 FoleV. Thomas F 807 Follett, James 808 Page. Forbes, Andrew D 808 Foster, Frederick 809 Fox, Geo. H 809^\ Fo.v, JohnA 810 '' Foyle, William 810 ■ Franklin, Geo. W 811 Frawlcy, John 811 Frazer,J. W 811 Frazer, N. S 812 French, Walter H 813 Fries, Abraham 814 Frisbie, Addison C 814 Frisbie,A.G 815 Frisbie, Frank • 816 Frisbie, William L., M. D 817 Frisby, William 817 Frost, Edward 818 Frost, E. M 818 Frost, James O 819 Frutchey, Reuben 819 Fnlford, W. R ... 830 Fuller, Edgar S 830 Fuller, George L 831 Fuller, I. C 823 Fuller, N. A 823 Fuller, R. J 824 Furman, Finley 824 Furman, Hiram 834 Furman, James B 8.i5 Furman, John M 836 G Oalligher, William 826 Gamble, Judson .1 827 Gamble, Nathaniel N... 827 Gamble, Thomas A., M. D 828 Gamble, Thomas J 827 Garey, R. R 838 Garrison, Prof. C. P 829 Gaylonl, H. B 830 Gaylord, H. P 830 Gaylord, Joseph 831 Gavl ird, Justus J 831 Gaylord, N.J 831 Gee, Julius 832 Geiger, J. Valentine 832 Genung, S. A 833 (Jeniert, John P 833 Gerncrt, Stephen C 834 Gernert, Stephen G 834 Gernert, William E 834 Gerould, Samuel W 835 Gillette, John F 835 G lailding, Charles E 836 (;k-ason,L.R 8:'6 (ileason. Kutus B 837 G lover, Henry A 838 Golf, L S 838 Gooding, E.G 839 Gore, Abraham 840 Gore, Charles E 840 Gore, W. H. H 841 Gorsline, Abel L 843 Gould, Ira A 843 Grace, Addison 844 ■* (irace, Thomas 84.5 ( i radv, Francis P 845 Grant, J. H 845 G reen, .In mes H 846 Green, William H. D 847 Green, Walter K 846 firegorv, (Jeorge W., M. D 848 firilliii. Job 848 Grillith, Joseph P 849 G riggs, Lucius E . . . . ^ 860 Grimes. Terrv 850 Grinnell, Henry G 851 G rohs, (,"harles N 851 II HaHett,Gco.H 851 Hattett, JohuW ., 852 INDEX. 1315 Page. Hager, Ca'eb S 85'Z Hufroman, Francis H •. 853 Haif>li, John F 853 Haislit, Harry L 853 Hai lies, Charles A 854 HaiiH'sJno. F 8S'l Hale, Elias W 855 Hale, H. W. Jr 855, 1^38 Hall.Chas.M 85r. Hall, Darius Custer 856 Halloek, H. J 857 Hamakcr, J. S 859 Hamm, Aaron 8B9 Hanimorl v, A. C 860 Hammond, Chas. N 861 Hanlvinson, Kichard S 861 Hannon, James J. 863 Hannon, Patrick J 803 Harkness, Stephen D 864 Harlow, Stephen B 864 Harps, Titus 865 Harris, Arthur H 865 Harris, Charles V 866 Harris, Nathaniel C 866 Harshharg'er, David W 867 Hawthorn, Jas. A 868 Hayden, Bert 868 Heath, Wm. S 868 Heidt, Edward 869 Henson, Alfred C 869 Herman, Moses D 870 Herrick, Edward C 871 Herrick, Edward F 871 Hibhard, James W 871 Hie kev, Maurice 87 1 H iukock, Francis R 873 Hickok, A. H 873 Hiekok, Newton 873 Hicks, F M 873 Hisgins, Mrs. Addie 875 Hill, Chauncey 876 Hill, Mrs. Dolly 875 Hill, Edimkin, deo. A 951 I.arakin, .Tames W 9b2 I,amphere, H 953 liandmesser, Frederick C 9.53 Landmesser, Peter B 954 I.andon. Neuton 9.54 Lane, Ki'v. Alexander 955 T,ant', fiiistavus G 9.55 Lane. Stephen A 9.55 Lane, Wm. P 9.56 Laning, Uotert H , 9.5t5 La tz. Geo 9.57 Lantz, L'Ster R 9.57, Lantz, Mrs. Mary 9.58 Lantz, Peter 9.58 l,antz, W. L 958 Lai)«)rte, IJartliolomew 959 La porte. F,mi 1 v 9.59 I>arkin. Michael .1 9.59 Layman, Peter 9.59 Le-, .lohn 960 Lee, .Joseph P 960 Lee, Thomas A 961 Lees, James P 96:* Leno.x, David S 96.' lA'iiox. Edward P 96-' Lent, Abel K 964 Lent, Albert 963 Lent. Lewis T 964 Lent, Thornton F 965 Lentz, George W 965 Leonard, Henry S 96*1 Lewis, A. IJ 967 Lewis, (;..! 968 Lewis, E. 1) 968 Lewis, Elmer F 96'.» Lewis, Evan ^d^ Lewis, Leonard 97(1 Lewis, W. S 971 Lillev, McKean 972 Lillpy, Mial E 973 Fiiiiilerman, .burob A 973 Lindlev, Denton G 973 Lindl.'V. Sh<-ldon H 974 liOder, Anthony 975 lii.cwiis, Nathan 975 Long, Alon/.o. 976 Long, .Martha . J 976 Long, Martin J 976 Page. Loomis, Frank 977 Loomis, Milton O 977 Loomis, Noah 978 Loomis, Seth 978 Lowe, Fred 979 Lovd, William T 979 Lull,G.M 979 Lunn, George 980 Luther, Hiram D 981 Luther, Roswell 981 Lynch, Hugh M 983 Lynch, Jerry J 982 L'yneh, Thomas P 983 Lyon, Geo. F 984 Lyon,01iverD 984 Lyon, Samuel 985 Lyon, S. W 986 Lyons, Isaac 986 M ISIeCabe, James 987 McCabe, Hugh 987 McCabe, Richard 988 McCain, William W 989 McCallum, C. A 9P0 Mc( 'arty, James 990 McCraney. A. Douglas 991 MeCianev, Henrv W 991 .Mc( "raneV, Albert B 992 Mil )nnald, James 993 Mr DoiHJUiih, Michael J 993 MiKaddin, Theodore L 993 Mad arlane, Edward 993 McKean, Arthur B 997 Ml Kian, Henry B 997 McKee Brothers 999 McKee, Charles J 998 McKlnney,A 994 Ml- Kinney, Huston 994 >U' Kinney, .Joseph. 995 MeMahdM, Michael. 996 McNultv, Michael .1 995 McPherson. Isaiah 996 McQueen, John 1000 Madden, John KOO Madill, H.J 1000 Madill, Thomas F., M. D 1002 >Iallory, William M 1 003 Maloney, Lawrence H 1004 Maney, James B.. 1004 Manley, Samuel N 1005 Mauley. Ulysses J 1005 Maiui, P. J 1006 Marr, James 1007 Marr. J. M 1007 Marsh, Joseph H " lOOS Martin, IJev. James A 1009 Mason. Hiram 1010 M.ison, .lames G 1010 Mason, Mary lOln Mason, Kobert 1011 .Masun. Walter 1011 Mather, James 1013 Mather, .lohn 1013 Mather, John C 1013 Mather. William 1013 Mattocks, Xathaniel H 1013 Ma.vwcll, Thonnis 1014 Ma.\wrll,Wm 1015 Maxwell, William P 1014 Mav, D.Smith 1015 Mav,T.S 1016 May, William H 1016 Mavnard, F. M 1017 MaVnard, H. F 1018 Mead, Charles F 1018- Mceks, Hiram l{ 1018 Melville, An. bew 1019 Mer.iir,John I).,M.n 1019 Mcr.ur. Hodncv A 1030 Mri-edilh, John 1030 Merrill, U. A 10"-1 Middaugh, A.B 1033 INDEX. 1317 Page. Miller, Carroll E 1033 Miller, Frederick J 1023 Miller, K.W 1033 jriller, Louis .1 1024 Millei', Russel 1034 Miller, William W 1025 Mills, George B 1035 Mills, Silas 1036 Mitchell, Austin 102ti Mitchell, B B 1027 Mitten,W.T 1028 Mitten, AVilliam 1028 Moger, Frederick A 1030 Monro, Geo. P 1030 Monroe, Alexander 1('31 Monroe, Arthur B 1031 Montgomery, Martin 1031 Moody, Dr. Hf^race M 1053 Moody, Ulysses & Son 1033 Moore, Geo. H 10h3 Morev, P. W 1034 aror^an, Enos W 1034 Morgan, Zophar L 1035 Morley, Dwight 1035 Morris, J. D 103H Morris, Thomas J 1036 Morrow, Newton J 1037 Morse, C. T 1038 Moscrip, Kev. Geo 1038 Mosher, E. M 1039 Mosher. James S., M. D..: 1040 Mott, Rev. A braham M 1040 Mott, Hiram K 1010 Mullen, Martin 1041 jNlulleu, Thomas 1041 Murdock, Alexander 1041 Murdock. Georye R 1043 Murray, John H 1043 Murray, John R 1043 >rver, Berlin F 1044 Myer, Geo. V 1014 Myers, Wm.G 1045 Nash. A. J 1045 Newell, Daniel C 1046 Newell, E.J 1047 Newell, J.J 1047 Newell, Dr. J. K 1048 Newman, Albert S 1048 Newman, David C 1049 Newman, Henry T 1049 Nichols, O.F..." 1050 Nichols, James W 1051 Nicholson, P. H 1051 Noble, Geo. W 1051 O O' Brien, John 1 053 Ochs. Joseph 1053 Oliver, Edwin C 10.53 Ormsby, Sevellon S 10.53 Osborn, Daniel G 1054 Osborne, \V. H 1055 Ostrander, Chas 10,55 Overfleld, B. J 10.56 Overton, Edward 1C.56 Overton, Lyman C 10.59 Overton. Nelson 1059 Overton, Orenzo S 1059 Owen, Augustus 1060 Owen, Edward 1060 Packard, Kileon 1061 Page, F. T 1061 Palmer, (Jh.as 106? Palmer, li. K 1063 Park, Benjamin 1063 Park, Gharles F 1063 Park, D. F lOCi Park, EliasT 1064 Park, Geo. B Park, Dr. Ira R Parks, Frank W Parks, Harrv Paiks, Isaac A Parks, William B.... Parsons, F. Ashmun Parsons, Jesse Parsons, Jno. A ... . Parsons, J. W Paitridge, Edward. Page. . . . . 1064 ....1065 ....1066 ....1067 ....1067 . . . . 10B8 . . . 1068 . . . . 1069 .. .1070 . . . 1070 ....1071 Passraore, .1. E . 1072 Paul, Thomas 1073 Payne, Edward D., M. D 1073 Pease. .loseph K. 1075 Peck, Benj. M 1076 Peck, George S . . 1077 Pendleton, Fred Albert 1078 Pendleton, Mrs. Lettie 1078 Pepper, Raymond 1078 Perry, R.N 1079 Pettes, Jno. F 1079 Phelps, Diton 1080 Phelps, Henry L lOSO Plieli>s, William H 1081 Phillips, H. F 1081 Phillips, Israel 1081 Piatt, John M 1083 Pickering, William R 1083 Pierce, E. Corodon 1083 Pierce, F. H 1084 Pierce, Israel A 1085 Pierce, Noble Willis 1085 Pierce, Stephen 1086 Pierce. Theodore 1087 Pike, Frank 1087 Piollet, John 1093 PioHet, Joseph E 1091 Piollet, Louis 1093 Piollet, Victor E 1088 Pitcher, Wilton L 1093 Plants, George 1094 Pomeroy, C. Burton 1094 Pomerov, Samuel W 1095 Porter, A. B 1096 Porter, Clark B 1097 Porter, Jasper B 1097 Porter, Theodore F 1097 Porter, Cel C 1098 Powell, Joseph 1099 Powers, Patrick 1101 Pratt, C. Mnnville, M.D 1102 Pratt, Davids., M. D HOI Fratt, D. Leoi.ard 1102 Pratt, Sophronus S 1102 Preston, Eben L HP3 Prince, L. D 1103 Prince.Miles 1104 Pritchard Jas. T 1105 Pultz, J. Scott 1105 Putnam, Edward W llf^6 Putnam, Ltnuan 1105 Putnam, Philander H06 Q Quick, W. Clinton H07 Quick, Mrs. Elizabeth H07 Quinlan, Edwin E., A. M 1107 Rahm, John M 1109 Rake, Oliver B 1109 Randall, L. D HIO Ransom, Miles F IHO Rayni nd, W. R Hll Reed, Charles HU Relvea, Wm 1H3 Kevnolds, Ezra E H13 Kevnolds, George F 1113 Kevnolds William S 1114 Rice, William HM Richards, J. W 1115 Kichards, Kobert 1115 1318 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Page. Richards, Samuel Y 1116 Rinebold, Lt'wis 1117 Kinebold, Ueubt-n 1118 Rino-, John 1118 Robbins, Grin (f 1119 Robertson, J. W 1119 Robinson. Alphonso L 1120 Robinson, C. IJ 1121 Robinson, .loel H 1121 Roc!4 Shiner, .Tames W — 1165 Slioemaker, Abram F 1 165 Shores, Mahlon W 1166 Shortelle, Henry W 116(i Shuman, .lohn A 1167 Shumway, Wm ll'J7 Sible, Henry R 1168 SiblcMrs. H. R 1168 Silvara, A J 11«9 Sims,Wra.R 1169 Sleeper, Charles J 1 1 70 Sleeper, George B 1170 Slocum, John Jay 1171 Sluyter, Wiufleld S 1171 Smiley, David 1173 Smith, AlvahC 1172 Smith, Cady 1173 Smith, C.C 1173 Smith, Clark H 1174 Smith, GeorgeG 1175 Smith, G. S 1176 Smith, J . H 1 176 Smith, John M 1 177 Smith, Lester S 1178 Smith, Prescott A 1 178 Smith, P. J., D. D. S 1178 Smith, W. A. and M. D 1179 Smith, W. H 1179 Snedeker, Augustus E 1 180 Snyder, William (Sheshetpiin township) ...11^0 Snvder. William (Tuscarora township) 1181 Soper, Collins W 1182 Soper, Isaac D 1183 Soiier, John E 1183 Soper, Walter S 1182 Spalding, Chester P.. 1183 Si>alding, Horace M 1184 Spalding, Israel P 1184 Spalding, Joseph E 1185 Silencer, Elijah C 1186 Spencer, George P 1187 Spencer, Horace 1187 Spencer, James E 1187 Sponslor, Frank H — 1 1 88 S ^ "^-(t ; u^C'T^j :^. •' v-j s^* Z,^^'-. \/ .-.^^ic*;', %,^ :ms.; \/ • .a' \^' ::>_" vOv V #^ ^^-^ yi%^\" ">> ^V ^.. " « * %S>. <^ ^ r^^^^,^ -7'„ ^^^.. ;r • 1 1 ■^^.r -0 ^ <{,> o^ *-«° ^^^'^^o* ^0 *■ L- '°Ww¥: %^ " O M 0^ ' ^"^ '^^ ■■1 "<, , '■ vP > * .^'\ r, ° " ° n ^. ■V^^^V 1-J^ , « o "^, *^/ S ° C^, ~- <. A'^ -.'A"- ^^-;^. 0' ■$^ ■>llltl,'ll[t^^ v-^ \V ,V o' ■T> «;- K^^ 'AJ;^^;?^^' 0' > ^ <'. ,0 ^ ■^ DOBBS BROS. OCT 1968 -m^: -b?* „«'%^-i- \ .% '- '^ V r -"^ ■•-- ^-^'"~^v ^■ \ : -. ..-^ .0^, ' ■ ■ , .', --', :/■■ --;% * O M ^ ^/ . o . - ■■ > '^y