.US' 
 
 I'il2 
 
TS 1109 
 
 U5 Congress, I SENATE. J Document 
 
 1913 ?^^^o^. i 1 No. 1105. 
 
 Copy 1 
 
 RECOVERY OF CiOYERNMEXT WASTE PAPER. 
 
 M V. S S A ( } E 
 
 FROM THE 
 
 PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, 
 
 SUBMITTING, 
 
 IN RESPONSE TO SENATE RESOLUTION OF FEBRUARY 21, 1913, 
 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION RELATIVE TO THE SAVING IN RE- 
 COVERY OF GOVERNMENT WASTE PAPER. 
 
 February 24, 1913. — Read, referred to the C'ommittee on Appropriations, and 
 
 ordered to be printed. 
 
 To the Senate: 
 
 In response to the resolution of the Senate (hiled February 21, 
 1913, requesting that I send to the Senate any additional information 
 submitted by the Commission on Econoni}- and Efficiency relating to 
 the matter of saving in recoveiy of Government waste paper, I trans- 
 mit herewith reports of the conmiission on the subject dated Septem- 
 ber 21, 1912, and Februarv 11, 191.3. 
 
 Wm. H. Taft. 
 
 The White House, Fehruary 24, WIS. 
 
 Report on the Collection, Handling, and Disposition op 
 W^\STE Paper in the Government Service. 
 
 Submitted by the President's Commission on Economy and Efficiency. 
 
 February 11, 1913, 
 The President: 
 
 The Commission on Economy and Efficiency has the honor to 
 submit tlie following report in reference to the collection, handling, 
 and disposition of waste paper in the Government service. Based 
 upon the result of its investigation, the commission has developed 
 three plans, any one of which, if followed, would bring an increased 
 I'evenue over that derived under the present practice. These three 
 plans are briefly as follows: 
 
 1. That all the Avaste paper in the Government service be accumulated at one 
 central station (preferably under the control of the Government Printing Office) and 
 
c^ 
 
 KECOVERY OF GOVERNMENT WASTE PAPER 
 
 ^X^1<?A 
 
 ^i^- 
 
 there assorted into various grades, and that bids be asked for by parades hitlicr than 
 hy departments. Under this plan the estimated increase of net proceeds over present 
 plan would be $27,844.38 per annum. 
 
 2. That a pulping plant and wet press be installed at this central station and pulp 
 made up in wet sheets of various grades and that bids be asked for on the wet shee' -• 
 by grades. Under this plan the estimated increase of net proceeds over the presenF 
 plan would be $31,273.27 per annum. -v 
 
 3. That a Government plant be installed for the purpose of making paper from 
 this waste. Under this plan the estimated increase of net proceeds over the present 
 plan would be $105,712.76 per annum. 
 
 The commission recommends that the first plan be adopted fo 
 the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1913, and that during that year the 
 second and third plans be given further consideration. 
 
 PRESENT METHOD OF COLLECTING, HANDLING, AND DISPOSING OF 
 
 WASTE PAPER. 
 
 The methods of collecting waste paper in the various departments 
 are almost as numerous as there are departments. In some bureaus , 
 the messenger force picks up waste paper; in other bureaus the ' 
 waste paper is picked up by the char force; in some bureaus laborers | 
 do the collecting. This is also true of the handling. In some * 
 bureaus the paper is baled, while in others it is put in storerooms 
 in burlap bags and those filled bags carted away by contractors. In 
 some bureaus the waste paper is assorted, while in others no assort- 
 ing is done. The method of disposing of waste paper also differs in 
 various bureaus and departments. Some bureaus sell their waste 
 
 Eaper in an assorted state, others in an unassorted state; some 
 ureaus and departments destroy their waste paper (the reason for 
 so doing being the confidential nature of the matter printed or writ- 
 ten thereon); other bureaus, bemg in rented buildings, permit the 
 owners of rented buildings through their employees to collect, handle, 
 and dispose of all waste paper, the revenue (if any) bemg kept by 
 owners of the buildings. 
 
 Proposals for bids for the sale of waste paper are asked for by the 
 departments separately, and in many cases the prices for the same 
 kinds of paper vary in amount although purchased by the same 
 contractor. The prices paid for waste paper for the fiscal year 1912, 
 in most cases, were less than those of previous years. 
 
 A table is attached hereto giving the estimated annual quanti- 
 ifes, estimated costs of collectmg and handling, estimated square 
 feet of storage space occupied, contractor's price for year 1912, the 
 method of disposition, and the estimated revenue for fiscal year 1912. 
 This table is marked '' Exhibit A." 
 
 The three plans mentioned on the first page of this report are 
 described as follows: 
 
 FIRST PLAN. 
 
 There is now collected throughout the Government service about 
 5,712.55 net tons of waste paper annualfy, 77.65 tons of which are at 
 present disposed of by either burning, dumping, or giving awa^^ 
 The balance, or 5,634.90 tons, is sold. Of this amount, 2,635.57 
 tons are sold in an unassorted state (by "unassorted state" is meant 
 sold as "waste paper" after assorting a few special grades, or sold 
 as "waste paper" without assorting of any kind) and the balance, 
 or 2,999.33 tons, is sold in an assorted state. 
 
 D. OF D. 
 
 , ^ mk%. a 1913 
 
EECOVERY OF GOVEKXMENT WASTE PAPEE. 
 
 ~^ It is estimated that if the waste paper now sold as unassorted wore 
 /to be assorted the following grades and percentages would result : 
 
 Grades. 
 
 Per cent. Net tons 
 
 Ledger and bond 
 
 Book (Government publications) 
 
 Manila No. 1 
 
 Manila No. 2 
 
 News 
 
 Strawboard 
 
 Cardboard 
 
 Magazines 
 
 395.34 
 327. 10 
 2f;3..5« 
 263. 56 
 131.77 
 363. 56 
 .395.34 
 395. 34 
 
 100 
 
 2,635.57 
 
 For the 77.65 tons now disposed of by burning, dumping, or giving 
 away, if sold as recommended the same percentages would apply, or: 
 
 Grades. 
 
 Per cent. Net tons 
 
 Ledger and bond 15 
 
 Book (Government publications) ; 20 
 
 Manila No. 1 in 
 
 Manila No. 2 10 
 
 News 5 
 
 Strawboard I 10 
 
 Cardboard . 15 
 
 Magazines '. 15 
 
 U.65 
 15.53 
 7.75 
 7.76 
 3.89 
 7.76 
 11.65 
 11.65 
 
 77.65 
 
 The average prices per ton quoted on this stock by the New York 
 Paper Trade Journal for the six months ended July 1, 1912, were as 
 follows : 
 
 Led2;er and bond 131. 60 
 
 Book 19. 60 
 
 Manila No. 1 13. 00 
 
 Manila No. 2 8. 60 
 
 News 7. 20 
 
 Strawboard 6. 00 
 
 Cardboard 6. 00 
 
 Magazines : - - - 10. 60 
 
 It is recommended that all the waste paper of the Government 
 service be collected by automobile truck service, under the super- 
 vision of the Public Printer, and brought to the building occupi(^d 
 by the Government Printing Ofhce, tmd there assorted and sold 
 under separate contracts for grades of paper, rather than by separate 
 contracts for separate departments. The reason for recoinmending 
 that the Government Printing Office be the central collection station 
 is that the Government Printing Office now has close to 50 per cent 
 of the Government waste paper and therefore only about 50 per 
 cent would have to be rehandled rather than the whole. 
 
 It is estimated that the cost of assorting would amount to abf'ut 
 $1.25 per ton. The cost of collecting (using two auto trucks and 
 two men, although it is thought that one truck and one man are 
 sufficient) would amount to about $3,000. This $3,000 is estimated 
 to include the cost of repairs, depreciation, etc., of trucks. 
 
 As the New York Paper Trade Journal quotes prices for New 
 York City, and as the mills using waste paper are not situated in 
 the city of New York, the difference in freight rates between Wash- 
 ington'and mill points and New York City and mill points should be 
 taken into consideration. The difference in freight rates on waste 
 
EECOVERY OF GOVERNMENT WASTE PAPER. 
 
 paper averages about $1 per ton. As there are about 5,712.55 tons 
 the difference in freight rates amounts to 15,712.55. 
 
 There are 2,713.22 tons of waste paper per year now unassorted or 
 destroyed. As this woukl have to be assorted prior to selhng, the 
 cost 01 such assorting would amount to $3,391.53. 
 
 As a large part of the waste paper now sold in an unassorted state 
 is baled by small hand balers and some by the old-fashioned power 
 balers it is estimated that the cost of baling the entire quantity of 
 waste paper would not be as great as the present cost if up-to-date 
 hydraulic presses were used. 
 
 The total present revenue from the disposition of the unassorted 
 waste paper amounts to $10,291.30. Under the proposed plan, the 
 revenue from this paper would amount to $38,717.90; as shown by 
 the following table, No. 1 : 
 
 Table No. 1. 
 
 Grades. 
 
 Tons im- 
 assorted. 
 
 Tons de- 
 stroyed. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Price 
 per ton. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Ledger and bond 
 
 395. 34 
 527. 10 
 263. 56 
 263.56 
 131.77 
 203. 56 
 395. 34 
 395. 34 
 
 11.05 
 15.53 
 7.76 
 7.76 
 3.89 
 7.76 
 11.65 
 11.65 
 
 406.99 
 542. 63 
 271.32 
 271.32 
 135.66 
 271.32 
 406. 99 
 406. 99 
 
 $31. 60 
 19. 60 
 13.00 
 S.60 
 7.20 
 • 6.00 
 6.00 
 10.60 
 
 812,860.88 
 
 Book 
 
 Manila No. 1 
 
 Manila No. 2 
 
 10, 635. 74 
 3,527.16 
 2,333.35 
 
 976. 82 
 
 Strawboard ". 
 
 Cardboard 
 
 1,627.92 
 2,441.94 
 4,314.09 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 2,635.57 
 
 77. 65 
 
 2,713.22 
 
 
 38,717.90 
 10,291.30 
 
 Present revenue from sale of tliis paper 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Estimated increa.sed revenue . 
 
 28,426.60 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 The waste paper now assorted, if bringing the prices shown by the 
 average for the six months ending July 1, 1912, of the New York 
 Paper Trade Journal, would produce a revenue of $63,758.51 as com- 
 pared with $52,236.65, the amount received under the present method. 
 The details are shown in Table No. 2. 
 
 Table No. 2. 
 
 Present name of grade. 
 
 Grade according to paper trade. 
 
 Price per 
 
 quantity, pj^"" 
 net tons. r.^^g 
 
 Journal. 
 
 Estimated 
 net re- 
 turns. 
 
 Money-order checks (blue safety) . . 
 Internal-revenue stub books, col- 
 . ored writings. 
 Pressboard 
 
 High-grade printed writings 
 
 Colored writings (printed blanks) 
 
 Straw and box boards 
 
 336. 84 
 308. 15 
 
 18.95 
 
 S22. 00 
 15.00 
 
 6.00 
 6.00 
 43. 00 
 36.00 
 33. 00 
 17.00 
 22.00 
 28.00 
 10.00 
 S.OO 
 17.00 
 17.00 
 10.00 
 
 $7,410.48 
 4,622.15 
 
 113.70 
 
 Straw and tar boards 
 
 do 
 
 11.91 
 76.36 
 
 357.67 
 30.90 
 
 462. 65 
 
 930. 92 
 36.46 
 97.74 
 
 193. 73 
 60.07 
 74.90 
 2.08 
 
 71.46 
 
 Shavings from blanks 
 
 No. 1 hard white shavings 
 
 3,436.20 
 
 
 12,876.12 
 
 Monotype keyboard 
 
 No. 1 manUas 
 
 1,019.70 
 
 
 7,865.05 
 
 Imperfeef ions from printed papers . 
 
 No. 1 crumpled sheet stock 
 
 Extra new manila clippings 
 
 Bogus and mill wrappers 
 
 20,480.24 
 1,020.88 
 
 
 977.40 
 
 
 1,549.84 
 
 Discarded publications 
 
 No. 1 book, heavy 
 
 1,021.19 
 
 Book piper. ... .- 
 
 do 
 
 1,273.30 
 
 Registered package envelopes 
 
 No. 2 old manilas 
 
 20. SO 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,999.33 
 
 
 
 
 
 52, 23ii. 65 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 11,521.86 
 
 
 
 
 
RECOVERY OF GOVERNMENT WASTE PAPER. 5 
 
 The total increased revenue, as shown by Tables Nos. 1 and 2, would 
 amount to $39,948.46 From this should be deducted: 
 
 Cost of collection by motor trucks (not now performed by departments) $3, 000. 00 
 
 Difference in freight rates 5, 712. 55 
 
 Cost of assorting 2,713.22 tons, at $1.25 per ton 3, 391. 53 
 
 1 12, 104. 08 
 
 Net increased proceeds 27, 844. 38 
 
 The foregoinf^ figures showing comparison of revenues and proceeds 
 do not take into consideration the costs of collecting and handling 
 waste pa{)er. These costs under the present plan, as shown in Ex- 
 hibit A amount to $32,742.43. The costs of collection and handling 
 under plan proposed in the foregoing will not be affected, therefore 
 it is thought unnecessary to bring them into the calculations wherein 
 comparisons under the two plans are made. 
 
 SECOND PLAN. 
 
 An ap])lication has recently l^een filed in the Patent Office for a 
 patent on a deinking and defibering machine, and process, and allow- 
 ance thereof has been made. This machine and process is for the 
 purpose of reducing paper to a pulp, separating the ink that appeared 
 on paper from the fibers, also separating the fibers. Pajier mills now 
 manufacturing paper from old stock (or waste paper) do exactly the 
 same thing, but their methods are cumbersome and expensive as com- 
 pared with the simple arrangement of the method of this newly in- 
 vented machine and process. 
 
 A working model of this machine was tested by a committee on 
 waste paper representing this commission, consisting of an expert 
 from the Bureau of Standards and two representatives from the com- 
 mission. The machine did all that was claimed for it, and is thought 
 to be a great improvement over all other known })rocesses of producing 
 pulp from waste paper. 
 
 The following is a report made by the expert from the Bureau of 
 Standards who was detailed as a member of the committee on waste 
 paper covering matters connected with the recovery of old papers: 
 
 The Recovery of Old Papers. 
 
 At the {)reyent time there are three general methods in use for the recovery of old 
 paper stock. One of these methods is comparatively new, while the two other methods 
 are more or less a modification of methods in use for a considerable number of years. 
 
 These three methods are known as follows: (.'ooking in closed tanks or boilers, 
 cooking in open tanks or kettles, and cooking in inclosed-engine cookers. The last- 
 named method is the more modern, while the first two are very much older methods. 
 
 The general jiractice for the pi-eliminary handling of old papers is substantially the 
 same for all of the various cooking methods and consists in sorting the old papers by 
 hand into the grades desired and at the same time removing all undesired grades, 
 together with any pieces of rubber, wood, or metal, etc., as may be contained therein. 
 After sorting, the paper is run through dusting machines that thrash the papers around, 
 in order to remove all dirt and dust, which is sucked away by suction fans. The 
 papers are somewhat torn and shredded in this dusting process, and in some mills they 
 are still further torn apart by passing through a shredding machine which reduces 
 them to sizes varying from 3 to 10 inches square. 
 
 1 The paper now destroyed because of the eonfldential nature of memoranda thereon should be put 
 through a shredder, destroying confidential notations, and sold with the paper not so shredded. The cost 
 of shredding is a very small consideration. 
 
6 EECOVERY OF GOVERNMENT WASTE PAPER. 
 
 COOKING BY CLOSED-TANK METHOD. 
 
 The old papers after handling, as previously noted, are run into large rotary boilers,, 
 together with milk of lime, and soda ash or caustic soda, depending on the particular 
 mill practice, and after closing the boiler, live steam is introdiiced to a pressure of 
 from 10 to 50 pounds, equal to a temperature of from 240° to 300° F., and the boiler is 
 rotated. This cooking process is carried on from 8 to 16 hoiu's, at the end of which 
 time the pressure is relieved and the contents dumped into box trucks and run into 
 washing engines, where the stock is defibered by the action of the beater roll, and the 
 ink and dirt are removed by one or more cylinder washere. This washing process 
 requires from 4 to 8 hours, depending upon the number of cylinder washers. After 
 washing, the stock must be bleached with a chloride of lime solution and then run 
 into draining vats, where the stock drains, and after rewashing by the introduction 
 of water to free the stock from any remaining bleach the stock is ready to be put into 
 beaters preparatory to remaking into paper. This draining process requires from 
 four days to two weeks. The length of time required to drain is due to the necessity 
 of removing any bleach that may remain, as bleach has an injurious effect on finished 
 paper. The loss of fiber due to this process is from 25 to 50 per cent, depending on the 
 care with which the operation is carried on and the quality of papers used. 
 
 COOKING BY THE OPEN-KETTLE PROCESS. 
 
 The principal difference between this method as compared with the closed-tank 
 method is that the old papers are cooked in open tanks at atmospheric pressure equal 
 to 212° F., and a solution of soda ash is used. The cooking operation is carried on 
 from 10 to 16 hours, at the end of which time the stock is washed, bleached, and run 
 into drainers, as in the first method described, with the same time requirements. 
 The loss of fiber due to this process is from 20 to 40 per cent and is less than the first 
 method, due to a decrease in both temperature and pressure, as well as a decrease in 
 strength of chemicals used. 
 
 COOKING BY THE INCLOSED-ENGINE PROCESS. 
 
 In this process the old papers are cooked direct in a beating engine, fitted with a 
 steam-tight cover, at a pressure of 5 pounds, equal to a temperature of 228° F. 
 Soda a.sh is the chemical used to soften the paper and to form an emulsion with the fats 
 of the ink. This method of cooking and defibering requires about four hours, at the 
 end of which time the pulp is run into washing engines, where it is washed in from two 
 to six hours, and, after bleaching, is run to drainers, as in the previous methods. The 
 loss of fiber by this process is from 20 to 40 per cent, but the time saved is from 4 to 12 
 hours over either of the two previous methods. 
 
 It is a very well-known fact that any fibers that go to make up a sheet of paper 
 may be very seriously injured by the action of high temperature, causing a weakenmg 
 in the fiber and an actual loss in weight, due to fiber decomposition. In other words, 
 an increase in temperature results in an increased fiber loss. In order to get the best 
 results from recovering old papers, the process must be carried on at the lowest temper- 
 ature Avith the weakest chemicals and with as little mechanical action as possible.. 
 In addition to these three requirements, the consideration of time required is also an 
 important item. Any process which does not require the pulp to be bleached after 
 washing is a saAdng in machinery, labor, tune, chemicals, power, and space, and also 
 a saving in fiber loss, as any bleaching solution is injurious to all paper fibers. 
 
 The new process for the recovery of old papers, as invented by Mr. O. C. Winestock, 
 of Perkinsville, Vt., was very carefully inspected, and several runs were made. 
 
 The method of making each demonstration was as follows: Fifteen pounds of paper 
 were weighed out and soaked in hot water (about 110° F.) for a few minutes; the wei 
 stock was then fed to the machine. After filling the machine with the required 
 amount of hot water at from 160° to 170° F., the wet paper pulp and chemicals were 
 added, the machine run until a sample drawn from the machine showed no small par- 
 ticles of paper not entirely defibered. The time required for this machine to reduce 
 paper to a mass of individual fibers suspended in water and to .separate the ink from 
 the fibei, varied from 2 to 15 minutes, depending on the characteristics of the paper 
 used. 
 
 The pulp, after being reduced in the machine, .was run into a single-cylinder washer, 
 wiiere it remained for from one to three hours, wlien it was thoroughly washed free nf 
 any ink particles. 
 
 The pulp, after washing, is then ready for the paper-machine beater and does not 
 require any bleaching whatever, nor does it re^piire the addition of any new stock. 
 
RECOVERY OF GOVEKXMEXT WASTE PAPER. 7 
 
 The estimated fiber loss is from 10 to 20 per cent, depending on quality of the stock, 
 percentage of ash, and size. 
 
 The pulp was very carefully examined under the microscope to see if any parti- 
 cles of carbon remained; practically none were found. The fibers show no signs of 
 injury either in regard to shortening or bruising, nor were the fine frayed-out ends 
 of a well-l)eaten rag fiber destroyed. Any loss of fiber due to this process must come 
 as a result of fiber passing through the wire of the cylinder washer. The operating 
 temperature is too low to cause any appreciable fil)er decomposition, also the chem- 
 icals used are too weak, and the mechanical action is such that there is very little or 
 no loss from these causes. 
 
 Three kinds of paper were used for the demonstrations — "printed news," "printed 
 Congressional Record," and printed "supply schedules" of the General Supply Com- 
 mittee. These three grades were selected for the reason that they include a wide 
 range in grades, the "news" l>eing 75 per cent ground wood and 25 per cent vmbleached 
 sulphite, the "Congressional Record" containing 100 per cent bleached sulphite, 
 highly sized and calendered, and the "■ supply schedules" containing 90 per cent 
 rag and 10 per cent bleached sulphite pulj). The following table shows the time 
 required for handling each of the three lots of paper: 
 
 
 Started to 
 fill at— 
 
 Finished 
 filling at — 
 
 Chemicals 
 in at — 
 
 End of run 
 at- 
 
 Total time 
 ill minutes. 
 
 Time in 
 minutes 
 required 
 to sep.i- 
 rate ink. 
 
 News 
 
 12.04.5 
 
 3.28.5 
 
 2.02.5 
 
 12.11.5 
 .3. 44. 5 
 
 2. 06. 5 
 
 12.12.5 
 
 3. 45. 5 
 
 2. 07. 
 
 12. 15. 
 3..J2.5 
 
 2.11.0 
 
 10.5 
 24.0 
 
 S.5 
 
 3.5 
 
 
 «. 
 
 General Supplj' Committee 
 schedules . 
 
 4.& 
 
 
 
 
 The lots of paper used were all more or less colored with coloring matter, it being 
 necessary to use some blue and red coloring in order to get a white sheet of paper. 
 This coloring matter was, of comse, washed out during the process, along with ink, 
 size, and filler, so that the color of the recovered stock was not an absolute match 
 with the paper before going through the process, but there is no doubt that had the 
 pulp been made back into paper, under the same conditions as when originally made, 
 the resulting paper would have been an exact match. Any paper maker will readily 
 understand this point and appreciate its full value. 
 
 It is a well-known fact that in recovering books and higher grade stock, the presence 
 of any paper containing ground wood is shown by the paper turning a very dark- 
 brown color, which can not be bleached out, and this paper tends to lower the value 
 of the whole batch of recovered stock. The Winestock process absolutely does not 
 discolor papers containing ground-wood pulp, thus making this ])rocess available for 
 recovering old newspaper. 
 
 The machine is of such design that it could very readily be made in larger sizes — say, 
 for example, one handling a charge of 500 pounds of old papers. The time of handling 
 such sized charges would not be increased very materially, besides such sized machines 
 would cut down labor, floor space, etc. 
 
 To sum up and compare this new process with the three processes, as previously 
 described-, shows the following advantages in favor of the new process: A great reduc- 
 tion in time required to recover, decrease in floor space, power, labor, ancl chemicals, 
 a very much lower working temperature, and no bleaching or new stock required. 
 Considering all these points, the fact of increased fiber yield becomes self-evident. 
 
 It is recommended that this process be installed for the pm^pose 
 of converting the waste paper now sold as such into a wet stock 
 called by the trade "wet sheets," and sohl as such. 
 
 All papers must be subjected to a recovery process for the ])urpose 
 of defil)erino; or deinkino;, or both, before the paper stock becomes 
 available for remanufacture into ])aper. For this reason it becomes 
 necessary to diviile the Government waste paper into two general 
 classes, viz, those }>ai)ers available for remanufacturing into white 
 or colored i)apers, and the remaining ])a])ers that are only availal)le 
 for remanufacturing into "wra])i)ings,"" "boxlxiards," etc. 
 
8 RECOVERY OF GOVERNMENT WASTE PAPER. 
 
 The first general class may be still furtlier subdivided into the 
 following grades : 
 
 No. 1 white bond and ledger shavings. 
 
 No. 1 soft white shavings. 
 
 Colored writings. 
 
 Printed writings. 
 
 Book. 
 
 Under this subdivision, the following tonnage is available for re- 
 manufacturing into high-grade white and colored ''papers." 
 
 Tons. 
 
 No. 1 white bond and ledger shavings 76. 36 
 
 No. 1 soft white shavings 357. 67 
 
 Colored writings (rag) 308. 15 
 
 Printed and used wi-itings 743. 83 
 
 Book 2, 478. 16 
 
 The balance, 1,748.38 tons, could go into a grade of remanu- 
 factured wi'apping papers. It would lie more advantageous to take 
 this or most of this paper now in sha})e of wrapping ])a])er, and assort 
 for good pieces to be reused as wrapping and sold only as waste 
 pa])er when unfit for reuse. This j^aper, when unlit for reuse as 
 wrappers, may be reduced to pulp, but it is better not to have so 
 great a difference in the grades at this pulping plant because this 
 wrapping paper is a much inferior grade to the 3,964.17 tons before 
 mentioned. It is suggested that this paper be sold as recommended 
 under plan No. 1. 
 
 The cost of reducing this 3,964.17 tons by the Winestock process 
 into wet sheets ready for shipment to and use by paper mills would be 
 about $9 per ton. Ihis figure has been computed by the expert from 
 the Bureau of Standards, one of the members on the joint committee 
 on waste paper, who has had practical experience in paper mills 
 and is familiar with the Winestock process. 
 
 This $9 per ton includes estimated depreciation on i)lant and 
 interest on investment. 
 
 The following table gives the estimated costs in connection with 
 the pul])ing and other handling of this 3,964.17 tons: 
 
 3,964 tons of pulp, at $9 per ton $35, 677. 53 
 
 3,964 tons (present cost of collections, and other handling) 22, 722. 64 
 
 Motor truck maintained, etc., as per plan No. 1 3, 000. 00 
 
 Assorting 1,356.61 tons, at $1.25 per ton 1,695. 76 
 
 63,095.93 
 In order that this pulp stock may be delivered in the best condition to 
 paper manufacturers, it is necessary to leave with the pulp in shipping 
 a quantity of water or moisture about equal in weight to the pulp stock. 
 Except for the loss of material due to the process of reducing to pulp 
 which amounls to about 15 per cent of the original quantity of waste 
 paper, the shipping weight of this pulp would be twice the weight of 
 the waste. Therefore the average cost of transportation at $2.40 ])er 
 ton would be 16, 173. 79 
 
 Illustrated as follows: . Tons. 
 
 Original weight of waste • 3, 964. 17 
 
 Loss through pulping process, 15 per cent 594. 63 
 
 A\'eight of pul]) stock 3, 369. 54 
 
 Weight of water or moisture 3, 369. 54 
 
 Shipping weight 6. 739. 08 
 
 Freight cost, at $2.40 per ton $16, 173. 79 
 
 Total costs 79, 269. 72 
 
EECOVERY OF GOVERXMEXT WASTE PAPER. 9 
 
 The table following gives the estimated r(>venues from the sale ()f 
 these wet sheets: 
 
 Table No. 3. 
 
 No. 1 shavings, white bond and ledger. 
 
 No. 1 shavings, white, soft 
 
 Colored rag writings 
 
 Printing and used writings 
 
 Book papers 
 
 Total. 
 
 Tons 
 
 70. 3C 
 357. 07 
 3()S. 15 
 743. K5 
 .47S. 10 
 
 Net tons 
 recovered 
 
 at ,H5 per 
 cent vield. 
 
 04.90 
 
 304.02 
 
 201 . 94 
 
 032. 25 
 
 2.100.43 
 
 K St i mated 
 sales price. 
 
 $00. 00 
 50.00 
 25. 00 
 44.00 
 40.00 
 
 3,309.54 1 137,719.70 
 
 Kstiniuted 
 
 gross 
 revenue. 
 
 The 1,748.38 tons would bring, if sold as per plan No. 1 
 
 The costs connected with the collection, handling, etc., are as follows: 
 
 Present cost of collecting, handling, etc |10, 019. 79 
 
 To assort 1,356.61 tons out of the above-mentioned total, 
 
 at $1.25 per ton (sold now "unassorted ") 1, 695. 76 
 
 Difference in freight rates as described in plan No. I . . . . 1, 356. 61 
 
 115,680.97 
 
 13,072.16 
 
 2. 608. 81 
 
 Net revenue from 1,748.38 tons 
 
 Gross revenue from 3,964.17 137, 719. 70 
 
 Total expense costs 79, 269. 72 
 
 Net revenue from 3,964.17 tons 58, 449. 98 
 
 Net proceeds under plan No. 2 61 , 058. 79 
 
 The net proceeds of $61,058.79 shown uikUm- the above ])lan con- 
 templates no change in cost of collecting and handling as com])ared 
 with the present plan. I'hese costs imder the present ])lan as shown 
 by Exhibit A are $32,742.43 again.st a revenne of $62,527.95, leaving 
 net proceeds of $29,785.52 annually. The increased ])rocee(ls under 
 plan No. 2 over the present i)lan, therefore, would amount to 
 $31,273.27 annually. 
 
 The estimated cost of installing a ])ul))ing plant would be about 
 $75,000. This amount would cover all ])ossible contingencies. 
 
 THIRD FLAX. 
 
 In plan 3 it is thought that, as both })lans No. 1 and No. 2 con- 
 template the selling of either the waste pa])er as such or the wet 
 sheets as such to paper mills the shippin"; expense would 1)e a large 
 item, together with the numerous handlings of same, it would be 
 better to remanufacture the waste into new paper in a Government- 
 owned plant. This paper could be used exclusively by the Govern- 
 ment Printing Office, as that office is the largest buyer of paper in 
 the Government service. It is believed that of all the plans described 
 this plan should be followed, owing to the fact that the most favor- 
 able conditions would result therefrom. 
 
 The figures given throughout this plan are those comj^iled by the 
 same representative of the Bureau of Standards as mentioned in 
 Plan No. 2. 
 
10 
 
 RECOVERY OF OOVEEXMEXT WASTE PAPER. 
 
 The o, 964. 17 tons of the one class of paper mentioned in plan No 
 2 would reproduce 3,369.54 tons. This would be divided as follows: 
 
 Under 
 
 (iovcrnnieiu I'rintini; Ollico schedule. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 Prices per 
 ton paid by 
 Govornnient 
 
 Print int; 
 Office corre- 
 spondinsi to 
 
 each item. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Iti'ms46to41 
 
 64.90 
 
 304. 02 
 
 2fil.94 
 
 6S2.25 
 
 2, 100. 4.3 
 
 .?100.00 
 90.00 
 SO. 00 
 90. 00 
 SO. 00 
 
 SO, 490. 00 
 
 Itoms 226 to 256 
 
 27,361. SO 
 20, 955. 20 
 
 \\ liite and colored 
 
 writ incs 
 
 56, 902. 50 
 
 Book 
 
 
 168,514.40 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 3,369.54 
 
 
 280, 223. 90 
 
 
 
 The cost of manufacturing other than the cost of pulping as shown 
 in plan No. 2 amounts to about $25 per ton. Tliis amount includes 
 dc})reciation and interest on the investment. 
 
 3,369.54 tons, at $25 .|84, 238. 50 
 
 (.'ost ol" collecting, handling, assorting, converting to pulp, etc., as shown 
 
 in plan No. 2. '. 63, 095. 93 
 
 147, 334. 43 
 
 A'alue of paper shown above 280, 223. 90 
 
 Net incnnie from sale of 1,748.28 tons of waste paper, as shown in Table 
 
 No. 3 of plan No. 2 2, 608. 81 
 
 282,832.71 
 Less costs as per above 147, 334. 43 
 
 Net proceeds under plan No. 3 135, 498. 28 
 
 The net proceeds of $135,498.28 shown under the above plan con- 
 template no change in cost of collecting and handling as compared 
 with the present plan. These costs under the present plan as shown 
 l)y Exhi])it A are $32,742.43 against a revenue of $62,527.95, or net 
 ])rocecds from the sales under the present plan of $29,785.52. The 
 increased proceeds under plan No. 3 over the present plan, there^- 
 fore, would amount to $105,712.76 annually. 
 
 The estimated cost for installation of plant for pulping, manu- 
 facturing paper, etc., is placed at a maximum of $600,000. This 
 estimate covers cost of grounds, buildings, necessary machinor}', etc. 
 
 A preliminary report on the subject of money pulp has been sub- 
 mitted to you under date of September 21, 1912. In this report h 
 was recommended that a ])lan similar to plan No. 2 be followed. This 
 commission ex}')ects within the next two months to submit a final 
 report relative to money-pa])er pulj). 
 
 There is now being erected on the grounds of the Bureau of Stand- 
 ards, to be operatetl under its supervision, a complete commercial 
 size defibering and deinking machine of the Winestock make. It is 
 anticipated that this machine will be ready for operation during the 
 first week of Febrtiary, 1913, after which time adcHtional practical 
 tests will be made, an(l reports relative thereto will be <!uly submitted. 
 
 Respectfully submitte 1. 
 
 Frederick A. Cleveland, 
 Walter W. Warwick, 
 ^Ierritt O. Chance, 
 
 Commissioners. 
 
RECOVERY OF GOVERNMENT WASTE PAPER. 
 Exhibit A. 
 
 11 
 
 Department, office, etc. 
 
 Esti- 
 mated 
 annual 
 quantity. 
 
 collec -'*^d 
 handling. „Xp?ed. 
 
 Amuial 
 con- 
 tract 
 price 
 ("fiscal 
 year 
 1912). 
 
 Estimated 
 revenue— 
 1911 quan- 
 tities and 
 1912 prices. 
 
 Method of disposition. 
 
 Department of Staie 
 
 Department of the Treas- 
 ury. 
 
 Dejiartment of War 
 
 Department of lust ice 
 
 Post OiTue Department 
 
 Department of t he Xavy. . . 
 
 Department of tlie Interior. 
 
 Department of .\gricuhiire. 
 
 Department of Commerce 
 and Labor. 
 
 Government PrintincOflice 
 
 Tons. 
 10.00 
 2 1,560.69 
 
 148. 60 
 15.90 
 
 400. 00 
 
 Ml. 89 
 3 259.39 
 6 167.09 
 
 189.95 
 
 9 2.588. 48 
 
 4.00 
 13. 70 
 25.03 
 
 27. 00 
 
 12. 00 
 
 12 93. 10 
 
 i< 155.73 
 
 .?197. 10 
 7,051.60 
 
 3 13.33 
 342.36 
 3 744. 60 
 1,544.17 
 3,792.52 
 3,761.56 
 2,078.55 
 
 11,209.79 
 
 10 29G. 25 
 39. 96 
 207.50 
 
 11 27.00 
 
 36.14 
 
 (13) 
 
 1,400.00 
 
 Square ft. 
 
 None. 
 
 7,665.25 
 
 .565.50 
 364.00 
 682. 00 
 788. 64 
 1, 756. 75 
 778. 42 
 '402.00 
 
 1 , 190. 00 
 
 124. 00 
 100. 00 
 ' 70. 00 
 
 270. 00 
 
 1,080.00 
 
 225. 00 
 
 ' 72. 00 
 
 
 
 Burned. ' 
 
 S3. 00 
 2.40 
 5.30 
 3.00 
 1.50 
 3.00 
 6.20 
 
 (') 
 
 .?13,595.99 
 
 445. 80 
 
 38.16 
 
 2,120.00 
 
 < 66. 72 
 
 \ 389. 08 
 
 ^ 405.27 
 
 1,177.69 
 
 42,371.48 
 
 Sold baled in an assorlc<l 
 
 state. 
 Sold unassorted. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do.« 
 
 Sold baled in an assoricd 
 
 slate. 
 Burned. 
 
 Isthmian Canal Commission 
 District of Colimibia 
 
 Interstate Commerce Com- 
 mission. 
 Pan American I nion 
 
 House of Representatives.. 
 
 City post office 
 
 2.00 
 3.00 
 
 2.. 50 
 
 (12) 
 (14) 
 
 27.40 
 75.09 
 
 67.50 
 
 1,271.20 
 476.57 
 
 Sold unassorted. 
 Sold baled in an unas- 
 sorted state. 
 Do. 
 
 Given 1 Salvation 
 
 Army. 
 Sold in a limited assorted 
 
 state. 
 
 
 
 
 5,712.55 
 
 32,742.43 16,133.56 
 
 
 62,527.95 
 
 1 Burned because of the confidential nature of the written or printed matter thereon. 
 - This paper is as.sorted into tlie following grades and quantities, bringing prices noted: 
 
 Tons. Per ton. 
 
 .336.84 money orders $22.00 
 
 308.15 colored (internal revenue stub books) 12. 00 
 
 192.80 mixed paper 4. 20 
 
 18.95 pressboard 5. 00 
 
 11.91 strawboard and tar board cuttings 4. 00 
 
 692.04 unassorted 4. 00 
 
 3 Does not include portion of salaries of charwomen and messengers. 
 
 < Paper of United States Naval Observatory burned on premises. Paper of Marine Corps (Paymaster'.'i 
 Department) is collected and disposedof by owners of rented buildings. 
 
 5 In Reclamation Service the waste paper is disposed of by owners of rented buildings 
 
 ' In office of Solicitor the wa.ste paper is burned. In Forest Service the waste paper is disposed of liy 
 owners of rented buUdings. 
 
 ' Estimated. 
 
 8 In Bureau of Standards the waste paper is destroyed. 
 
 9 This paper is assorted into the following grades and quantities, bringing prices noted: 
 
 Tons. Per tori.- 
 
 76.36 shavings from blanks and blank books $38. 00 
 
 357.67 shavings from book papers (white) 32. 00 
 
 30.90 monotype keyboard paper 30. 00 
 
 462.65 shavings from book papers (mixed) .- 14. 00 
 
 930.92 imperfections from prmted paper 18.00 
 
 36.46 manUa clippings " 20. 00 
 
 97.74 brown wrappers .". . . 4. 00 
 
 341.98 waste sweepings 4. 00 
 
 193.73 cuttings from strawboard, etc 4.00 
 
 60.07 discarded publications 10. 00 
 
 '» The cost of hauling to burning place not included. 
 
 " This amount is cost of baling. Does not include cost of collection or other handling. 
 
 '2 This paper is assorted into the following two grades and quantities, bringing prices noted: 
 
 Tons. !'(r ton. 
 
 18.20 waste paper $4- 00 
 
 74.90 book paper Ifi- 00 
 
 13 No estimate given. 
 
 n This paper is assorted into the foUowi ng two grades and quantities, bringing prices noted: 
 
 Tons. Per Ion. 
 
 153.65 waste paper S3. 00 
 
 2.08 registered package envelopes S. 00 
 
THE RECOVERY OF FIBER STOCK OF 
 CANCELED PAPER MONEY 
 
THE RECOVERY OF FIBER STOCK OF CANCELED PAPER MONEY. 
 
 September 21, 1912. 
 
 The President: The Commission on Economy and EfRciency has 
 under investigation the disposal of the waste paper of tiic Government 
 and exj)ects to make a full report to you on tlie suhject by the 1st of 
 December. 
 
 Among other studies being made are the diP.'erent processes of 
 deinking and defibering canceled paper money. In connection with 
 the latter we beg to submit at this time a ]n"eliminary report prepared 
 by ]\Ir. F. C. Clark of the Bureau of Staiuhirds. and u member of our 
 subcommittee on waste pa])er, relative to the results obtained by a 
 new process of reclaiming waste ])aper, known as tiie Winestock 
 process. 
 
 As will be noted from this report, Air. Clark estimates that an 
 annual sa\'ing of $100,000 will result by the use of this new i)rocess, 
 instead of the present process of macerating and disposuig of this 
 stock. 
 
 A former investigation was nuule of this process of defibering and 
 deinking waste pa])er, by members of this joint committee, at which 
 time, however, studying its application to waste ])aper generally, of 
 which there are between 5,000 ana G,000 tons accumulated annually 
 l)y the various services of the Government at Washington. 
 
 There is submitted with the report referred to herewith samples of 
 canceled paper money after maceration by the ])resent process, and 
 samples of the macerated paj^er after being put through the Wine- 
 stock process. 
 
 In order that an i(Uni may be had as to what the Yv'inestock ])rocess 
 is, the following brief statement nuiv be of interest: 
 
 The machine is of the nature of an open centrifugal pump, so 
 designed and constructed as to produce a remarkabh" rapid defibering 
 action upon a sheet of paper Avithout injury to the fibers in any way. 
 The rapid and com])lete defibering of the paper tends to produce a 
 much more rapid chemical action between the mk and those chemicals 
 us«d to produce saponification. The time required to produce com- 
 plete saponification and defiber the paper varies from 2 to 10 minutes 
 in a small machine and would not exceed 30 minutes in a large com- 
 mercial machine. At the end of this time the pulp is ready for 
 washing, and then it is available for remanufacture into paper without 
 the use of any bleaching agents. 
 
 The present methods for the recovery of old paper all require cook- 
 ing from 8 to 16 hours at high pressure and temperature, with a large 
 amount of chemicals, after which time the pulp requires a prolonged 
 washing operation and a high percentage of ])leach to produce the 
 desired white color. 
 
 15 
 
16 ' RECOVERY OF GOVERNMENT WASTE PAPER. 
 
 The advantages of this new process over the present methods are: 
 Groat saving in time, power, labor, chemicals, and a very much higher 
 percentage of yield. 
 
 In order that we may further investigate the possible application of 
 this plan and study out other plans which we have under considera- 
 tion m connection with the subject of making distinctive paper, wo 
 lind that it will be advisable to have a representative of the Bureau 
 of Standards and a representative of this commission, both members 
 of the joint committee on the subject of paper, visit the mills at 
 Dalton, Mass., where this money paper is manufactured, in order that 
 they may become accjuainted witn the processes which are now 
 employed. With this m view we would thank you to authorize the 
 Secretary of the Treasury to grant two members of this committee 
 permission to study the processes employed at present in the manu- 
 facture of this paper. *• 
 
 Respectfully submitted. 
 
 F. A. Cleveland, 
 W. W. Warwick, 
 M. O. Chance, 
 
 Commissioners. 
 
CANCELED PAPER MONEY. 
 
 Department of Commerce and Labor, 
 
 Bureau of Standards, 
 
 Washington. 
 Mr. M. 0. Chance, 
 
 Secretary the PresidenVs Commission on Economy and Efficiency, 
 
 White House, Washington. D. C. 
 
 Sir: Relative to my recent trip from Newmarket, N. H , to Perkinsville, Vt., and 
 return, I have the honor to report to you through Dr. S. W. Stratton, Director of the 
 Bureau of Standards. 
 
 As the railroad connections across New Uampshire are very poor, it was necessary 
 to leave Newmarket, N. 11., Monday, August ]2. at 7.10 a. m., over the Boston & 
 Maine in order to make the best connections, arriving at Charlestown, N. H., at 12.50 
 p. m., by way of Manchester, Concord, and Claiemont Junction. The ride to Spring- 
 field, Vt., was by trolley from Charlestown, N. 11., arriving there at 1.30 p. m. 
 
 At Springfield I met Mr. G. W. Craigie, who was there to examine the Winestock 
 process in the interests of the S. D. Warren Co., of Cumberland Mills, Me. 
 
 Tuesday we were called for by Mr. Winestock, who took us to his experimenta 
 plant at Perkinsville. Later in the morning several New York men arrived. They 
 were Mr. Armstrong, Mr. Auchincloss, and a Mr. Hartman, who represented the firm of 
 George F. Hardy, the well-known consulting engineer and paper-mill architect. 
 
 The first test was made on a 10-pound mixture of Saturday Evening Posts, Literary 
 Digests, and the Watthman. The time required to defiber the paper and prepare it 
 for the washing engine was three minutes. 
 
 The second test was on macerated United States cm-rency stock, and about 10 min- 
 utes were requii-ed to completely defiber the small particles of paper contained therein. 
 
 For the thu"d run some high-grade machine-finished writing paper, containing 90 
 per cent of rag, was used. The time required to completely defiber was four minutes. 
 
 The last run was made on old printed newspapers and rcquu'ed three and one-half 
 minutes to reduce the paper to pulp. 
 
 It was impossible in the short space of time available to thoroughly wash any of these 
 four lots of pulp, so only enough was washed by hand to provide the necessary size 
 samples for those interested. As my previous report covers the work done on all these 
 papers, except the macerated United States cun-ency, this report will deal with the 
 observations made while handling that particular stock. 
 
 All of these tests were very much handicajjped by water conditions. River water 
 was used, and owing to there being some pink coloring matter in the water fiom the 
 cotton mills above, also a large amount of decayed vegetable matter due to low water, 
 we were not able to get as good a white color on the pulp as we otherwise would have 
 done. 
 
 On Wednesday a second run was made on the United States cm-rency stock. The 
 chemicals used in the run were slightly different from those used in the first run on 
 this kind of stock, and results were more nearly what was requh-ed. The color was 
 of a brighter and clearer white than in the previous run. The following table gives 
 the time requhed to defiber the United States money: 
 
 First run... 
 Second run. 
 
 Began 
 
 filling 
 
 machine. 
 
 H. m. s. 
 
 1 31 25 
 10 36 50 
 
 Finished 
 
 filling 
 machine. 
 
 H. m. s. 
 1 32 10 
 10 37 50 
 
 S. Doc. 1105. 62^3- 
 
 Chemicals 
 
 
 m. 
 
 
 H. 
 
 TO. 
 
 3. 
 
 1 
 
 32 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 38 
 
 00 
 
 End of 
 nin. 
 
 H. m. 
 
 1 41 
 10 44 
 
 Total 
 time in 
 minutes. 
 
 Time in 
 
 minutes 
 
 required to 
 
 defiber and 
 
 loosen ink. 
 
 17 
 
18 EECOVERY OF GOVERNMENT WASTE PAPER. 
 
 The difference between the two runs was due to running a little longer than was 
 thought necessary on the first run in order that the pulp would be thoroughly defibered. 
 All of Wednesday afternoon and Thursday was spent in washing the pulp and pre- 
 paring samples for shipment to the Bureau of Standards. 
 
 I left Springfield at 5.50 Friday morning, arriving in Newmarket, N. H., at 3 p. m., 
 over the same route as used in going to Springfield. 
 
 The results of these runs show very conclusively that the Winestock process will 
 defiber United States currency stock, and also that it will loosen up the ink so that it 
 may be readily removed in the ordinary washing engine. In order to get the best 
 results this process should be substituted for the present method of macerating United 
 States currency in use at the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. The method of the 
 bureau consists in cooking the paper money in a very strong solution of soda ash at 
 about the boiling temperature of water. The vat or kettle in which this is done is 
 provided with a series of revolving knives, which has a more or less grinding action on 
 the pulp. The effect of the grinding action is to shorten the fibers and also to rub the 
 ink or coloring matter into the pores of the fibers, maldng it more difficult to remove 
 the ink without bleaching. The Winestock process would entirely overcome this 
 defect as well as being a much cheaper method, and the pulp obtained would have a 
 very much higher market value. 
 
 It will always be necessary to use some caustic alkali in treating old money paper, 
 as by so domg the silk fiber is destroyed; but were the paper money first put through 
 the Winestock process, then washed, and treated to a weak solution of caustic alkali, 
 the silk would be dissolved and yet the alkali would not be jtrong enough to weaken 
 the rag fibers. Any weakening of the rag fibers means not only a loss due to deteri- 
 oration, but an actual loss in weight. 
 
 At the present time the Government buys about 500 tons of money paper per year, 
 at a cost of almost $800 per ton. The sale price of macerated money paper is about 
 131.50 per dry ton, which, together with the loss due to present methods of macerat- 
 ing and cooking, cost of handling, etc., makes the net retinn practically a negligible 
 quantity. The advantages to be gained by the use of the Winestock process would 
 be as follows: 
 
 The recovered pulp would be of a good white color obtained without the use of 
 bleach and could be put upon the market in such shape that an estimated price of 
 about 1200 per air-dry ton could be obtained. 
 
 This estimated price per ton is based upon the fact that new rags used in making 
 this grade of paper cost about $200 per ton, not adding the cost of reducing the rags 
 to a pulp, which amounts to about $50 per ton. 
 
 The pulp produced by the Winestock process is practically ready for use on paper 
 machine. Mills pirrchasing this pulp would be saving the factory costs in producing 
 pulp from the rags plus the loss in destruction of fibers while so doing. 
 
 The stock produced by the Winestock process would be available for making into 
 the highest grade of paper. The cost of handling by this new method would be les3 
 than that of the method in use at the present time; also, time required, cost of chem- 
 icals and fiber loss would be materially decreased. 
 
 The net returns to the Government by the use of the new method would be very 
 large as compared with the retmns from the present method. The proposed method 
 would have the following advantages over the present method: 
 
 First. Speed in production (saving cost of power and reduction in number of 
 employees). 
 
 Second. Decreased loss of fibers, thereby increasing the yield of pulp. 
 
 Third. Better grade of fiber, thoroughly removing all ink and dirt, increasing the 
 sale value of pulp over 600 per cent. 
 
 The estimated saving over the present method amounts to about $100,000. The 
 first and second items shown under advantages would offset the amount at present 
 received for the pulp. 
 
 Respectfully, F. C. Clark. 
 
 '. ) 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 018 539 174 7 ♦ 
 
I * f 
 
 .US' 
 /V3 
 
LIBRftRY OF CUNOKtc. 
 
 018 539 174 7.