(lass . Hook PRESENTED IFi T A GUIDE BOOK OF BOSTON ADOPTED BY THE New England Hardware Dealers' Association FOR THE JOINT CONVENTION AND EXHIBITION OF THE National Retail Hardware Association i AND THE New England Hardware Dealers' Association HELD AT MECHANICS' BUILDING BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS F. ALEXANDER CHANDLER Editor of Hardware Convention Edition JUNE 12-16, 1916 Editor 40/6 - 7 3 G. A. Pauly Treasurer St. Louis, Mo. D. Fletcher Barber President Boston, Mass. M. L. Corey Secretary Argos, Ind. C. T. Woodward 1st Vice President Carlinville, 111. J. R. Gamble 2nd Vice President Wetumpka, Ala. OFFICERS OF THE NATIONAL RETAIL HARDWARE ASSOCIATION 1915-1916 3 OFFICERS OF THE NEW ENGLAND HARDWARE DEALERS' ASSOCIATION 1915-1916 James Strockbine 1st Vice President Watertown, Conn. George A. Fiel Secretary Boston, Mass. Chas. <). Eaton 2nd Vice President Brunswick, Mi-. Henry M. Sanders President Boston, Mass. James P. M.u km Auditor Brookline, Mass. Calvin M. Nichols Treasurer Boston, M BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE NEW ENGLAND HARDWARE DEALERS' ASSOCIATION 1915-1916 \V. A. l J l£ARSl>\ I). X. Clark Arthur C. Lamson Holyoke, Mass. Shelton, Conn. Marlboro. Mass. W'm. K. Toolb 11. \V. SlBLEY C. H. LANDON Pawtucket, R. 1. Ware, Mass. Rutland, Vt BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE NEW ENGLAND HARDWARE DEALERS* ASSOCIATION 1915-1916 James Dk F. Phelps Windsor Locks. Conn. J. Douglas Law Springfield, Mas-. James P. Mackey Brookline. Mass. E. C. Hoagi I Concord. X. II. B. II. Newell Shelburne Falls. Mass. W'm. B. .Scott Newport, R. I. 1X94 and 1H0N !()()«» ADVISORY BOARD OF PAST PRESIDENTS OF THE NEW ENGLAND HARDWARE DEALERS' ASSOCIATION John H. Sayward Haverhill, Mass. John B. Hunter F. Alexander Chandler Boston, Mass. Boston. Mass. S. H. Thompson Lowell, Mass. Frank E. Peirson Pittsfield, Mass. 1896 and lHKi 1**1 1 and 191: I «.»]:< 1914 ADVISORY HOARD OF PAST PRESIDENTS OF THE NEW ENGLAND HARDWARE DEALERS' ASSOCIATION D. Fletcher Barber Boston, \las^. Frank E. Stacy Springfield, Mass. \V\i. II. Sawyer Providem e, R 1 \R I HI R J . < ISHORNK Holvokf. Mass OFFICERS OF THE NEW ENGLAND HARDWARE ASSOCIATES 1915-1916 H. G. Cloyes President The Yale & Towne Mfg. Co. Frank J. Shay 1st Vice President M oiler & Schumann Co. Frank G. Hathaway Treasurer The Carborundum Co. John A. O'Keefk Secretary Spencer Kellogg & Co, THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS EXECUTIVE CHAMBER STATE HOUSE, BOSTON May 25, 191ti. MR. I-. ALEXANDER CHANDLER, Chairman Convention Committee, National and New England Hardware Dealers' Association. 32-38 Federal Street, Boston. Dear Sir: I beg to acknowledge receipt of your letter of recent date, advising me of the Convention of the National and New England Retail and Hardware Associations, which is to be held in Boston beginning June 12th of this year. 1 take pleasure in extending to the members a cordial welcome on behalf of the Commonwealth. I hope the Convention may be attended by a very large number of your Associations, as it fur- nishes an opportunity of disseminating a knowledge of the latest mechanical devices and appliances in your trade and of furthering a more friendly spirit among the members of the Associations in nearby cities. The people of Massachusetts are always glad to have Boston selected as a convention city, and it is my earnest hope that the members will visit the many manufacturing and historic points of interest in this vicinity. I am sure that a most hearty welcome will be accorded your members wherever they go. I should be very glad personally to extend whatever courtesies the Governor of the Commonwealth can on such an occasion. With best wishes for the success of your Convention, I remain, Sincerely yours, S. W. McCALL. 10 CITY OF BOSTON OFFICE OF THE MAYOR April 25, 1916. National Retail Hardware Association. New England Retail Hardware Association. Gentlemen: As Mayor of the City of Boston, I desire to extend to you, in your joint convention, a most hearty welcome to our city. In behalf of our manufacturers, our business men and our citizenship in general I offer you this greeting. Boston is honored by your coming, and it is Boston's wish that your stay will live long in your memories as a period of mutual entertainment, instruction and advancement in your particular line of endeavor. You will find Boston an ideal convention city — a city whose very environment is conducive to successful business and social meetings. We have unusual advantages, attractions and facilities, and I am of the opinion that your joint convention will meet with nothing but success. It is a pleasure to have you with us, and I trust that you, gentle- men of the retail hardware trade, will leave Boston with a lively conception of our ability, not alone to entertain, but to offer rare business advantages to those who locate amongst us. Sincerely, JAMES M. CURLEY, Mayor of Boston. 11 BOSTON CHAMBER OF COMMERCE 177 MILK STREET Boston, Mass., May is, 1916. MR. I). FLETCHER BARBER, President National Retail Hardware Dealers' Association, Boston, Mass. Dear Sik: Boston has long been known as one of the most substantial cities of t his- country, and as such welcomes you, the substantial nun of the country, who represent what can well be said to be- the most substantial of all retail merchandise — hardware. We are all prone to speak from experience, and in our Cham- ber of Commerce work we have found among our most valuable members, those affiliated with the retail hardware trade. Those of you who have not been in Boston, we welcome most of all, because we feel that before leaving here you will realize that the pride which we Bostonians take in our community is fully justified. We regret that w r e cannot claim for our generation the building of the historic and beautiful spots which I hope you will see while here. It took years and a tremendous amount of energy on the part of our business ancestors to make our city what it is. However, we can show, and hope you will take pains to see, before leaving Boston, the many evidences of commercial and industrial progress, the work of an active and wide-awake business community. You will find the people of Boston most hospitable. You will find them anxious to welcome you here and to entertain you in a way that will make you leave with the very best impressions of this city. 1 hope that nothing but success will attend every phase of this meeting of your Association. May you all, in years to come, look back on your L916 Boston Convention as most bountiful in pleasure and fruitful in enduring achievement. Cordially yours, LOUIS K. LIGGETT, President. 12 THE NATIONAL RETAIL HARDWARE ASSOCIATION Office of the President, 124 Summer St., Boston, Mass. xt o April 18, 1916. lo the Members of the National Retail ' Hardware Association. Greeting : We shall greet our brothers of the Hardware Fraternity with their wives and other invited guests, and welcome them most heartily to Boston, in the delightful month of June. Those who have been delegates to the National Conventions other years will remember that the New England delegates have endeavored to work faithfully to bring the Convention to Boston. But we have accepted the decisions of the Conventions of former years with good grace each time, and have endeavored to assist in the successes of the meetings wherever held. We appreciate the honor that has been afforded us by the National Retail Hardware Association in giving to New England the Presidency, and also in coming to Boston for its Seventeenth Annual Convention. You are coming to the native heath of your National Presi- dent, and I want to assure you that our New England Association and its individual members have been most ready to offer every support and all assistance toward the success of our National Con- vention. I believe that each delegate and visitor will note results, to prove that this New England Association has been most active, faithful and efficient, and has shown its ability through its Chair- men and membership in making this Convention the best ever held. We sincerely trust that everyone will realize that we wish to make it so, and any failure will be due to errors of the head and not of the heart. Every individual member of the various State Associations will be welcome, and I urge that everyone who can, will avail him- self of this opportunity, not only to attend the Convention him- self, but to bring with him his wife and daughters, and with them visit the historic places that abound in and about Boston. In this neighborhood more hardware is manufactured than in any other part of the country, and a visit to these factories will alone be worth the time and expense of the trip. And in addition to this — to the warm welcome that awaits you and to the bene- fits of the Convention — will be the great pleasure of a visit to those hallowed spots, dear to the heart of every true American, in which Boston is rich and which she has preserved for the edifi- cation of her countrymen, winning thereby their lasting gratitude and her own just glory. Let "On to Boston National 1916" be your cry — and a rousing Convention our great aim till June twelfth, when I earnestly hope we shall gather in record-breaking numbers at the Hub of the Universe. With most cordial greetings, Very truly, D. FLETCHER BARBER, President. 13 NEW ENGLAND HARDWARE DEALERS' ASSOCIATION 176 FEDERAL STREET Boston, May 15, 1916. To the Delegates of the National Retail Hardware Association: On behalf of the members of the New England Hardware I >ealers' Association, it gives me great pleasure to extend to you a most cordial welcome to New England and particularly at this season of the year, when all Nature is clothed in her loveliest garb and where we are favored with the most beautiful hills, the most charming valleys, the finest trees, and in Boston we have the ocean at our very door; it has been truly said that New England is really the summer playground, and every Hardware man knows it is the manufacturing centre of Hardware for the United States. Boston is not only an ideal convention city, but a city that everyone should be anxious to see and know because of its great historical interest, but I shall not dwell on these points, as this guide book was gotten up for that purpose. We hope the Convention of 1916 will be the largest and most successful in the history of the National Retail Hardware Associa- tion, so come and bring the whole family. The ladies have planned a most attractive program for our lady visitors, and we urge you all to come and enjoy the hospitality of the New England Hard- ware Dealers' Association. HENRY M. SANDERS, President. U Boston, Mass., May 15, L916. To the Ladies of the National Retail Hardware Association: This is to welcome you to Boston; if it be thought that the chill of our northern climate or the Puritanical taciturnity of our speech accompanies a coldness of heart, may ihis visit undeceive you. We feel sure that our June weather will show you that our climate can be hot with your hottest, and we hope that the hearti- ness of our greeting may prove to you that the New Ertglander can extend to her sisters from the other states the same warmth of cordiality and friendship with which she is received when she ventures forth from her northern fastness. If our entertainment is less lavish than that of the South, or less overwhelming than that of the West, remember that it is ex- tended with no less sincerity. Come and taste of the hospitality of the Ladies of the New England Hardware Dealers' Association, for it is " small cheer and a great welcome that make a merry feast." MRS. H. M. SANDERS, Chairman of Ladies' Committee. 15 HIGH SPOTS IN HISTORIC BOSTON By Roy F. Soule Editor of Hardware Age To be asked to write an article in the Guide Book of Boston is a reward of merit. The first time I visited this historic old city it took me just three minutes to get lost, and beyond a knowledge that I was still in Boston I didn't locate myself for three days. The last time I visited Boston I went straight to the New England Hardware headquarters, at 176 Federal St., without a break, and to friends who have congratulated me upon this accom- plishment I haven't yet confessed that I rode those three blocks from the station in a taxicab in order to keep out of the Lost and Found Columns. It is reported that the man who laid out Boston was not an undertaker, and that he was the owner of a bobtailed brindle bell cow. He laid out the streets following this contrary critter, and the result of his work has been a conundrum to wayfarers ever since. The trails of that bovine animal have been transformed by hustling New Englanders into busy business streets which still bear mute evidence that Old Brindle was trying to get out of ear shot, and that she repeatedly doubled on her trail. This cow was an ancestress of the animal that kicked Mrs. O'Leary's lantern in Chicago, started the big fire and initiated the stock yards and packing houses of the Windy City. This Guide Book should contain a word of warning. Don't try to travel too fast on Boston streets, or you will contract a case of land sea-sickness, a prevalent and melancholy malady. Should you by any chance be stricken, apply at once to F. Alexander Chandler for relief. To find him quickly walk a half moon from the Back Bay station and take a trolley. In the good old days Boston witchcraft was a profession which rivalled ironmongery in popularity and profits. This was long before the Irish invaded the town and early guide books contained the advertisements of practitioners of the art of witchery. Even in that day Boston believed in honest advertising, and the evil damning influence of witches who failed to deliver the goods, often floated away in thin blue trails of smoke. Unfortunate Boston females, born with the handicap of a bad eye, never cease to con gratulate themselves that clam-bakes are entertainments which, in polite society, have replaced invitations to witchburnings of the past. George A. Fiel is splendidly posted on "Witch Days in Boston." To find him, apply for information at any beanery. It) New England as a whole is famous for cranberries and li- braries. D. Fletcher Barber is posted on both. The Public Library is one place you ought to see. Right over the front door a stone mason cut these words, " The Public Library of the City of Bos- ton. Built by the People and Dedicated to the Advancement of Learning. A. D. 1888." In that Library are books by the million and old maids by the score. Go in there for a book and just barely mention what you are interested in, and one of those New England dames will suggest forty-five volumes you ought to read on the subject. Every book worth while refers to eighty or ninety others directly related. Books are like Smith day at the fair. D. F. Barber is one of the few Bostonians who has read 'em all. You will find him at the Library. Get off the New Haven at the Back Bay Station and follow the crowd. Many things have been lost in Boston. Don't feel lonesome il you get turned around. England lost a ship load of tea in the harbor over a century ago, and she hasn't found it yet. By the way, you ought to know Blackie Daw Whitehead. He's a cross section of the New England Hardware Circle. King George sent him over to locate that cargo of tea, and he stayed. His last report to the King said that he suspected a fellow by the name of Tango. Lock up your bonds and look up Blackie. Inquire in any Tango Tea Parlor. Then a regiment of Red Coats lost a few breastfuls of cock- suredness over at Bunker Hill. It's a long climb for a fat man, but Jim Mackey makes it on low in his Buick. Jim lives in the exclusive section of Boston known as" Brookline. Follow the stream and his store is on the right bank. If you can't tell the folks about Jim Mackey and Bunker Hill you wall never get a chance to talk to the history class of your local high school, when you go back to the old home town. Then there's an elm tree near Boston famous as the shady spot where General Burgoyne checked his sword on his first visit to the hub of learning. Burgoyne appreciated the shade after his warm journey from Canada, and it is still a favorite place to stop your car, and dig out your thermos bottle. Daily trips to this historic spot are run under the personal direction of Archie Osborne. Who's Archie? Ask any suffragette in New England and raise your umbrella before she answers. The city is full of guides and "Go slowly" signs — " Go slow don't go in Boston. Paul Revere was the first official guide and the crowd he brought to town on one memorable occasion held a convention that has been in executive session ever since. To see the Old North Church where "the lantern was hung in the belfry tower," is something none of us should miss. It is reported that J. B. Hunter has one of the original Paul Revere horseshoes. Yon are in luck if you can get him to show you the old North Church. To find J. B. is a simple matter. Leave your hotel by the front door, turn to the right, go straight ahead until you are just left of the hotel, and his hardware store is that neat-looking place with a crowd in front of the windows. 17 Faneuil Hall and Mechanics' Hall are two other places you can't afford to miss seeing. Since before the days when all hard- ware was sold in bundles Henry M. Sanders has been a recognized authority on these points of interest. Just ask any one for Henry .ind they will know who you mean. The leading cigar of Boston is the Blackstone. It i> a free burner, but misses fire near the butt. The taste is so distinctively New England that you will light and re-light them. James Stroek- bine is a specialist on Connecticut fillers. He says it is good form to re-light a Blackstone but an inch in length, despite the fact that strangers may accuse you of lighting a chew. The architecture of New England may seem strange to you, but the fact is that heaven is so close to Boston that a six-stor\ building gets you as near the Pearly Gates as mortals should be allowed. The law limits buildings to this height, but permits basements of any depth. The coolest basements are called grills, and are exceedingly popular. I could go on endlessly with good suggestions for the guidance of hardware visitors in Boston. It's a great town with corkscrew streets, corking good people, conservative only in a common sense way, and as cordial as any people anywhere. The more I see ol Boston the more certain I am that they built their streets in tangles just for the pleasure it gives the natives to help outsiders find them- selves when they get lost. Write your name and address plainly on your cuffs every evening, and you will be returned safely to your hotel every morning. For further information regarding Boston, attend every meet- ing of the Big Convention. Carry a note book and a dictionary in a little leather bag, and you will get by without suspicion. is BOSTON, THE " BOSS TOWN " On my initial visit to Boston, I asked the first man I met after leaving the railroad station, to direct me to a destination I had in mind. He was unable to aid me, but two other men, who had overheard the inquiry, stopped and offered their services. All three went out of their way a half-block to set me in the right path, and seemed surprised that 1 made so much of the service. They were used to it, I suppose. That's Boston! Boston in June! What more could be desired? Especially to those who were boys some years ago, and read in their school readers and histories of the magnificent record of this city in those days when men loaded their muskets instead of writing notes; read of the school boys of Boston, and their defiance of the King's Covernor; of Bunker Hill; of the Old South Church; of Paul Revere's Ride; of the Fathers and Mothers of New England, who were as inflexible in their patriotism as they were austere in their religion. They were prepared in their souls, and the material preparedness followed in sure psychological logic. Boston fas- cinates one — even her Codfish and Baked Beans take on a taste and an aroma that cannot be approached by truffles and trout elsewhere. The Hardware Man, or the Hardware Woman, who has a chance to visit Boston and does not improve it, will miss more than pen can describe. In that famous old story, " The Hoosier School- master," the one glittering spot in the life of an old maid was that winter she spent " in Bosting." Happy, indeed, are those who have a chance not only to see Boston in June, but to be towed from place to place by such Pilots of Hospitality as Barber, and Sanders, and Chandler, and Fiel, and " their sisters, their cousins and their aunts! " As Byron might have sung: There was a sound of revelry by day, When Bay State Capital had gathered there All Hardware's beauty, and its chivalry! When lights shone bravely on the Hardware Men Of East and West; of Spokane and Palm Beach; And all went merry as a marriage bell, And welkins rang with Barber's clarion yell! JAMES H. KENNEDY, Editor Hardware Dealers' Magazine, 1<> A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL RETAIL HARDWARE ASSOCIATION By Ex-President \V. P. Bogardus of M t . Vernon, ( >hio To those not connected with the National Retail Hardware Association work, it may be of interest to learn, in a few words,some- thing of its inception, its work and what it has accomplished. During the World's Fair of 1893 a call for retail hardware merchants to meet in Chicago for the organization of a National Retail Hardware Association was issued; by whom I do not know, nor do I remember the number in attendance. I have, however, since talked of it with four gentlemen who responded to the call, — Mr. A. T. Stebbins of Rochester, Minn.; Air. I. A. Sibley of South Bend, Ind.; Mr. S. S. Bryan of Titusville, Pa.; and Mr. I). Fletcher Barber of Boston. Evidently the organization of this project was a few years ahead of time, as nothing came of it — not until a few years later, and after several state organizations had been in successful operation, did the time seem ripe for a national organization. In February of 1900, Mr. Z. T. Miller of Bloomington, 111., the president of the Illinois Association, issued invitations to the officers of the state organizations then in existence, to send dele- gates to Chicago on March 12, for the purpose of organizing a National Association. At this meeting were representatives from Illinois, Minnesota, North Dakota, Michigan, Iowa, Indiana, Wisconsin and Pennsylvania. The enthusiasm and harmony was most inspiring and unbroken by even a ripple, until the point of naming the organization was reached — a mere ripple then, but to my knowledge the only discord at the birth, and during the life thus far, of the National Retail Hardware Association, and there- fore worthy of note. This slight controversy sprang up when some of the delegates preferred for the organization the more modest name of Inter State, while others, looking to the future, declared for National Hardware Retail Association. Inter State won the day, and that little victory was indicative of the conservatism which has always ruled in the councils of the National Retail Hardware Association and was exhibited thus early in its existence. However, by the following year so main more >tate> had been organized and had sent delegates to the convention, that with one accord in 1901 Inter State stepped down and out for the National Retail Hardware Dealers' Association, from which name the word "dealers" was later omitted. 20 NATIONAL RETAIL HARDWARE ASSOCIATION At the second annual meeting of the association, in 1901, the first under the title of National Association, Mr. W. P. Lewis of New Albany, Ind., was elected president. At this meeting Mr. M. L. Corey of Argos, Ind., was elected secretary, and has ably filled the office ever since. His prudence and careful management have carried us through many a difficult place, and we owe much to his wise administration of his office. Mr. H. G. Cormick of Centralia, 111., followed Mr. Lewis as president. He was a forceful and good association man. At the close of Mr. Cormick's term a committee waited on Mr. W. P. Bogardus of Mt. Vernon, Ohio, and asked him if he would advocate a National Retail Hardware Dealers' Mutual Insurance Co. if he was elected president. Mr. Bogardus declined to pledge himself, but evidently what he said to the committee impressed them favorably, for he was nominated and elected president. A charter for a National Hardware Dealers' Mutual Insurance Co. was taken out Nov. 5, 1903, and Mr. C. H. Miller of Hunting- don, Pa., was made president. Mutual Hardware Insurance has saved our membership thousands of dollars in reduced premiums. During the years of Mr. Bogardus' incumbency of the office the plan for the president and secretary to visit the several state associations was developed, so that the national might keep in touch with the several state associations and the work they were doing. This meant not less than thirty days' time and at least ten thousand miles of travel. But the work was so interesting and the results so good that the time was given gladly and the discomforts of travel endured without a murmur. The question of how to meet the constantly increasing expense was ever with us, but the solution came when we decided to issue a monthly magazine devoted exclusively to the interests of the retail hardware man, and to get advertising that would help defray our expenses and benefit the retailer. That the solution was the cor- rect one is evident by the fact that the publication — The National Hardware Bulletin — takes a prominent place in the list of trade papers devoted to the interests of hardware men. At this time the National Retail Association was beginning to attract attention from both manufacturers and jobbers. In 1904 an invitation was given the president and secretary of the National Retail Association to attend the meeting of the Manufac- turers and Jobbers, held that year in Atlantic City. It was the hope of the retailers that good would come out of such a conference, and they gladly accepted the invitation. When they arrived at Atlantic City, they found that neither of them had a place on the program, but that the advocates of parcels post had a place on the program of the manufacturers. It was an embarrassing position, but Mr. T. Jas. Ferneley, the secretary of the Jobbers' Association, solved the problem by recalling all of the jobbers' program and issuing a new one, giving place to 21 NATIONAL RETAIL HARDWARE ASSOCIATION the retailers. The first definite opposition to parcels post was voiced 1»\ the retailers at this meeting. The effect was so great tint pledges given for fund- for carrying on the campaign for par- cels posl were cancelled. The position taken by the retailers seemed so lair that their remarks were- ordered printed, and a copy sent to each member of Congress. Business men could see the justice in the case, bul when we came in contact with the politicians it was different . The meeting of the three branches of the hardware trade opened the \\a\ for the appointment of a Joint Committee of Man- ufacturers, Jobbers and Retail men to discuss questions of mutual interest. For several years joint conference meetings were held and of mutual profit, bringing out the difficulties confronting each branch of the track', and helped each to get the other's point of view. However, a desire for greater speed and more radical ac- tion brought about a breach that resulted in the discontinuance of the Joint COmmittec before its work was done. Mr. E. M. Bush of Evansville, Ind., was the next president. During his administration outside influences almost succeeded in putting the association on the rocks. But wise counsels and judi- cious management eventually averted the disaster, and the suit that had been started against the association was settled out of court, and all claims for damage were dropped. It is interesting to note the loyalty of the state organization-, even at this early period. With little money in tin- treasury to fight a court battle, .m appeal for help was made to the states, and within a week pledges and checks poured into the National Headquarters to the amount of 13,600. One hardware jobber manifested hi^ sympathy by sending a check for si 00. A number of members wrote offering to make personal contributions to the defense fund. The expense of preparing the case for trial was about $1,200. Within a year every dollar of the defense fund was returned to the contributing states, but the demonstration of loyalty, of back- ing and of confidence in the X. R. H. A. carried encouragement and inspiration to every association friend and worker. And that influence ^t ill lives today. The lesson of preparedness was heeded, and within the next five years a surplus was accumulated, and is constantly maintained in the treasury sufficient to meet any ordi- nary emergency. At the annual meeting held in Boston, Mass., in 1907, Mr. S. R. Miles of Mason City, Iowa, was elected president. Just before the election was completed, Mr. Miles received a telegram, advising him that his store had partially burned the night before. It was with a good deal of hesitancy- that Mr. Miles took up the rein- of authority while this disaster was facing him. The work of the association went quietly and steadily on during the administrations of Mr. Miles, Mr. A. T. Stebbins of Janesville, Wis.; Mr. ('. II. Williams of Streaton, 111.; Mr. H. L. NATIONAL RETAIL HARDWARE ASSOCIATION McNamara of Janesville, Wis., and Mr. Sharon E. Jones of Richmond, Ind. These were men of unusual ability, and the association grew and waxed strong under their management. During Mr. McNamara's term it was decided to send delegates to the state associations west of the Rocky Mountains to see if it were possible to get in closer touch with those associations. Mr. Miles and Mr. Bogardus were selected for this work. They visited the Idaho Association at Boise, the Washington Association at Spokane and the Oregon Association at Portland. While these associations were prospering and growing, the time for a closer affiliation did not seem to be ripe, and there was no action taken in the matter. But, ever since the national meetings have been enlivened by the presence of some members of those far-west associa- tions. For some time an effort had been made to impress on the minds of the retailers the importance of better salesmanship, better appearing stores, more system in the handling of stocks and a greater up-to-dateness, and this effort went so far as to assert that the prices paid for goods was not of such importance as to require much attention, but that all the energies of the retailers should be devoted to the selling end; that goods well bought were half sold, was an old-time fable, and not true. But Mr. H. F. Krenger of Neenah, Wis., with the help of others, brought to the attention of the retailers the fact that buying was quite as important as selling, and that goods must be well bought before they could be sold, and that if goods were not bought right, they could not be sold with any hope of profit. And so through the administrations of Mr. L. C. Abbott of Marshalltown, Iowa; Mr. C. A. Ireland of Ionia, Mich.; Mr. E. E. Mitchell of Morrillton, Ark.; and Mr. D. F. Barber of Boston, Mass., the Price and Service Bureau of our National Association has been developed, and is proving a great help to our retail trade. It could be of much greater benefit and good if our trade would use it more freely. There can be no doubt of the value of association work to the retail trade. Cleaner stores, greater ambition, modern meth- ods, and a greater desire to cultivate the trade of both men and women are some of the indications of the progress that has come through the meetings of hardware men in the state and national conventions. The retail hardware trade stands on a firm founda- tion today because of the inspiration and the ideas received by the men who attend the Hardware Association meetings. Five times has our National Retail Hardware Convention met in Chicago, twice in Indianapolis, once in Minneapolis, once in St. Louis, once in Milwaukee, once in Denver, once in Little Rock, once in Detroit, once in Jacksonville, once in Indianapolis, once in St. Paul, and now in June of this year again at Boston. 23 THE NEW ENGLAND HARDWARE DEALERS' ASSOCIATION (Affiliated with the National Retail Hardware Association) ORGANIZATION The New England Hardware Dealers' Association was organ- ized March 15, 1893, with a membership including wholesale and retail hardware dealers. The association held monthly meetings during seven or nine months of the year, which included business session and banquet, followed by entertainment and addresses by members or guests upon timely subjects. The work consisted of regulation of prices to a greater or less degree, and aided materially in promoting social intercourse among our constituent dealers. REORGANIZATION March *), 1904, a meeting was held at the Boston Merchants Association to reorganize the association. This reorganization was brought about as a result of a conference between some of the wholesale and retail dealer members, who believed that the associa- tion could develop into a larger field of work as a strictly retailers' association, in view of the fact that a jobbers' association, known as the New England Iron and Hardware Association, had been organized. At the time of the reorganization an election of officers was held and a new constitution and by-laws adopted. A series of circular letters were issued and sent to every retail hardware dealer in New England whose address was available to the secretary. As a result a large number of new members were secured and the new routine entered upon. The new order of things included regular monthly meetings of the executive committee at the rooms of the Boston Merchants' Association, and annual meetings of the entire membership on the " convention " plan, the idea in having a less number of gen- eral meetings being that a small committee could investigate and execute the business of the association better than the whole mem- bership, and that less frequent general meetings in our large terri- tory would be much more interesting and effective and more largely attended, especially in view of the fact that many smaller local associations of our trade are being formed in our section to handle main- of the detail arrangements. As a result of our association executive committee work, a number of irregularities reported to them by members have been promptly, amicably and satisfactorily adjusted, and, we believe, as would not be possible by individual action. 2-1 NEW ENGLAND HARDWARE DEALERS' ASSOCIATION OUR FIRST ANNUAL CONVENTION Our first annual convention was held at the Hotel Vendome, Boston, on March 15 and 16, 1905. A number of prominent man- ufacturers made displays in halls adjacent to the meeting rooms, which proved very interesting to the large number present. The meetings were addressed by prominent speakers, whose remarks were of much value and well received. THE " CONVENTION " PLAN The " Convention " plan was a new departure of our trade in New England, and which we believe, creates a feeling of fellow- ship and enthusiasm among our members and friends such as can be brought about in no other way. We believe that interchange of ideas and experience among members of the same trade, coming from persons engaged in pur- suit of trade in the same lines, but under different conditions, will result mutually profitable to all concerned, just as conventions and meetings of co-operative associations like ours should. OUR CONVENTIONS Our 1906 annual convention and exhibition was held at the Hotel Vendome in Boston. In 1907 the National Association accepted our invitation to be our guests and met with us in joint convention held at the New American House, Boston, where we also held an exhibition. In 1908 we again held our convention and exhibition at the Hotel Vendome, Boston. In 1909 we accepted the invitation of our membership from western New England, and held our convention and exhibition in Springfield, Mass. In 1910 our convention and exhibition had assumed such proportions as to necessitate larger quarters, and we therefore held our 1910 convention and exhibition in the Mechanics Building, Boston. The convention and exhibition of 1911 and 1912 were held in Mechanics Building. In 1913 we again accepted the invitation of our members from western New England and held our convention and exhibition at Springfield, Mass., at this time in the new municipal Audito- rium, being the first business organization to bring a convention to this handsome building. In 1914 we again came to Boston with our convention and exhibition, this time holding same at Horticultural Hall. In 1915 we again returned to the Mechanics Building, Boston, with our convention and exhibition. 25 NEW ENGLAND HARDWARE DEALERS' ASSOCIATION PERMAN E NT H EADQUA RTERS In 1910 the growth and prospects of the association appeared such as to warrant the undertaking of the establishment of a per- manent Headquarters, and same wen- established in the Weld Building, at 17ti Federal Street, Boston. The Headquarters have been maintained since and proven to l»i' invaluable and of great assistance to the members as a meeting place and central bureau tor the exchange of information and gen- eral knowledge of trade value. The office of permanent Secretary, which was created in 1910, was first held by Ralph \V. Richards, later succeeded by George A. Kiel, the present incumbent. The New England Hardware News, the official organ of our Association, is edited monthly from Headquarters, by the Secretary. OUR PLANS FOR THE FUTURE Realizing that changes in our business life are rapidly taking place, we shall attempt by co-operation to meet these conditions and to secure for each member every advantage to be gained b\ unity of action and purpose. Some of the objects to be obtained are: 1. Closer social and business relations, with the purpose in view of exchange of unsalable goods, interchange of opinions in matters of credit and other matters of valuable information. 2. Prevention of trade abuses and grievances by having same reported promptly to the executive committee of the association for investigation and action. 3. Securing the benefits of unity and consequent strength in the more general matters of trade arbitration and legislation, more or less affecting one another's business and social life. It is not intended to encourage any scheme of individuals or firms, but to consider and act upon all matters pertaining to the welfare of the trade. OCR AFFILIATED ORGANIZATIONS Our association is affiliated with the National Retail Hardware Association, and one of our members is president of that association. We are also affiliated with the Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, the Massachusetts State Board of Trade, the National Fire Prevention Association, the National One Cent Letter Postage Association and the National Peace Conference. Various local boards of trade and chambers of commerce and local hardware associations are represented by membership in our association. 26 NEW ENGLAND HARDWARE DEALERS' ASSOCIATION THE NEW ENGLAND HARDWARE ASSOCIATES At our convention in 1910 a group of manufacturers, jobbers and their representatives, who were not eligible under our by-laws to membership regularly in our Association, but who were interested in our general work, associated themselves together into an organ- ization known as the New England Hardware Associates. This organization have held meetings regularly, coincident with our meetings and have been of great assistance and co-operation in the general hardware association movement in our midst. The Associate body has steadily grown in membership, and it is expected to reach a total of a round 500 members before the National Convention, to be held here in June. THE NATIONAL RETAIL HARDWARE ASSOCIATION The National Retail Hardware Association has upon its rolls at present about 15,000 active members, representing that number of live, up-to-date retail hardware men. The association is fast increasing in membership through the addition of local territorial organization and the formation of many new local associations. It is expected that in a very short time the enrollment will pass t he 25,000 mark. The national officers are exceptionally fitted for their executive duties, and meet and act upon matters of vital interest to the trade individually and collectively in a wise and effective manner. The National Bulletin, published quarterly, is mailed free to National Association members, and contains full pages of informa- tion, suggestions and timely hints, and warnings of doings and things necessary to be done for the perfection and harmony of trade conditions. AS TO LOCAL ASSOCIATIONS IN NEW ENGLAND There are at present a number of local hardware association* in New England which are enabled to handle matters of local im- portance, such as local credits and price adjustments, in a more satisfactory manner than through the larger field. It is, therefore, the line of action to have representatives or the entire membership of these local associations also join the New England Association, that with us we may co-operatively work out the larger problems arising in our territory and in turn report them to the national organization. The Secretary will be pleased to communicate at all times and give any available information to aid any dealer toward the formation of a new local association or the affiliation of such with us. NEW ENGLAND HARDWARE DEALERS' ASSOCIATION REASONS FOR JOINING THE NEW ENGLAND HARD- WARE DEALERS' ASSOCIATION 1. BECAUSE it identifies you with the organization of the hardware men of New England. 2. BECAUSE it places you in touch with the best dealers in other states bv giving you a membership in the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, and the National Hardware Bulletin FREE. :!. BECAUSE there are issues to be met and questions settled in the hardware trade that need the united intelligence and force of the wide-awake and intelligent dealers acting as a unit. 4. BECAUSE at our convention you will meet and hear many of the most successful men in the hardware business. 5. BECA1 SE our association needs your help, experience and backing in carrying out its plans. 6. BECAUSE your business will be improved by our confer- ences and protected by our efforts against piratical competition and vicious legislation. 7. BECAUSE we need your help and you need ours. This i> an age of organization. AS TO APPLICATIONS FOR MEMBERSHIP The Secretary is in frequent receipt of inquiries regarding the steps necessary to be taken in order to secure admission to the New England Hardware Dealers' Association and the dues and assessments required. The following extracts from the by-laws answer these inquiries: Article I. Membership Any person in New England engaged in the business of selling hardware at retail, and known and recognized as a regular retail hardware dealer, may become a member of this organization. Article II. Membership Dues Sec. 1. Each individual member of a firm shall be eligible lor membership by paying yearly dues. Sec. 2. The dues of each member shall be $5.00 per year. Article III. Applications for Membership Sec. 1. All applications for membership shall be in the blank provided by this association, and shall be accompanied by the membership fee. Sec. 2. All such applications for membership shall be referred id the Executive Committee, and if approved by them shall be admitted to membership. 28 NEW ENGLAND HARDWARE DEALERS' ASSOCIATION THE 1916 JOINT CONVENTION Believing that it would be of vital interest to the promotion of the best interests of the trade in general — retailer, jobber and manufacturer — to have a national convention in our territory to which representatives of each phase of trade-life might come, our delegates to the 1915 National Convention at St. Paul were instructed to endeavor to secure the 1916 meeting at Boston. Even though many other cities were eagerly working for the convention, the New England delegates did not lose hope. The delegates had prepared themselves in advance of their attendance with strong letters of invitation from various allied New England commercial bodies and had also prepared a 4000-foot film picture, showing many of the interesing spots, scenically, civically and historically, about New England, and, in addition, views in the plants of sixteen prominent New England hardware manufacturers. This film was shown privately in New England before its trip to St. Paul, and the attendant publicity afforded it by the daily and trade press proved a valuable forerunner of the work of the delegates. Immediately upon the arrival at St. Paul the New England delegates got busy and succeeded in polling a good vote in favor of Boston, which was promptly made unanimous. It was thought best to have the New England Convention, usually held in March, postponed until the dates of the National Convention, in order that all members might have the benefit of the larger and more varied exchange of ideas and experiences. TIME AND PLACE Upon considering the matter further, our executive committee decided to designate the dates of June 12 to 17 inclusive as the time and Mechanics Building as the place of the exhibition, and Paul Revere Hall in the Mechanics Building as the place of the Convention, and the Hotel Lenox as the Hotel Headquarters. We have secured ample reception suites for committee meet- ings, a most desirable convention hall for the assemblies and large and well laid out auditorium as exhibition rooms, — all opening en suite. The Hotel Lenox, the hotel Headquarters, is but a short dis- tance from the Convention Hall, and in addition thereto there are a number of smaller hotels in the immediate vicinity. EXCURSIONS AND SIGHT-SEEING In addition to the business portion of the program, trips are being arranged for and excursions to shore resorts, and pilgrimages to Lexington and Concord and other historical and interesting sections. 29 NEW ENGLAND HARDWARE DEALERS' ASSOCIATION The committees of the Dealers' Association are being assisted by a committee from the Associates and a very able committee of ladies. Although the Massachusetts Institute of Technology are to have a large reunion and extensive dedicatory exercises in connec- tion with the opening ol their new group of buildings, and although the National Wholesale Grocers' Association are also to meet in Boston the same week, we still can assure the delegates a com- fortable and enjoyable program throughout, if they will take the ordinary precautions of advising our respective committees, in advance, full details of their plans of arrival and desires as to pro- gram. INFORMATION TO MEMBERS AND GUESTS It is important that your name and those of your party, be registered immediately upon your arrival. It is necessary to advise of your desire to participate in tin- affairs of the program and to make early exchange of coupons for tickets. It is absolutely necessary to have these tickets, to be able to enjoy the program as laid out by the Local Committee, and you will assist that Committee if you will attend to this at once. .10 OFFICERS OF THE NEW ENGLAND HARDWARE DEALERS' ASSOCIATION 1915-1916 President, Henry M. Sanders, 27 Eliot St., Boston. 1st Vice President, James Strockbine, Watertown, Conn. 2d Vice President, Chas. O. Eaton, Brunswick, Me. Treasurer, Calvin M. Nichols, Boston. Secretary, Geo. A. Fiel, Boston. Advisory Board of Ex-Presidents J. H. Sayward, Haverhill, Mass.; J. B. Hunter, Boston, Mass.; F. A. Chandler, Boston, Mass.; S. H. Thompson, Lowell, Mass.; F. E. Peirson, Pittsfield, Mass.; D. Fletcher Barber, Boston, Mass.; Frank E. Stacy, Springfield, Mass.; Wm. H. Sawyer, Providence. R. I.; Archie J. Osborne, Holyoke, Mass. Directors Three-year term, W. A. Pearson, Holyoke, Mass.; D. N. Clark, Shelton, Conn.; Arthur C. Lamson, Marlboro, Mass.; Wm. K. Toole, Pawtucket, R. I. Two-year term, H. W. Sibley, Ware, Mass.: C. H. Landon, Rutland, Vt.; J. Douglas Law, Springfield, Mass.; J. DeF. Phelps, Windsor Locks, Conn. One-year term, James P. Mackey, Brookline, Mass.; Wm. B. Scott, Newport, R. L; B. H. Newell, Shelburne Falls, Mass.; E. C. Hoague, Concord, N. H. THE OFFICERS OF THE NEW ENGLAND HARDWARE ASSOCIATES AS ELECTED FOR 1916-1917 ARE: President, Harold G. Cloves, The Yale & Towne Mfg. Co. Vice-President, Frank J. Shav, Moller & Schumann Co., 85 Purchase Street. Treasurer, Frank G. Hathaway, The Carborundum Com- pany, 197 Congress Street. Secretary, John A. O'Keefe, Spencer Kellogg & Sons. Directors J. E. Barnum, Barnum & Stone, Boston A. P. HiTTL, Sherwin & Williams, Boston C. E. Ware, Pyrene Co., of New England |. F. Miller, Bigelow & Dowpe Co., Boston J. R. BEATTY, The Fairbanks Company Advisory Board of Ex-Presidents A. G. Bowman Will T. Hedges H. M. Gordon Pall F. Burke W. P. R<> S s W. W. Beal 31 NEW ENGLAND HARDWARE DEALERS' ASSOCIATION COMMITTEES The following is a complete list of the appointments made 1>\ President Henry M. Sanders, of the Dealers' Association, to serve on Committees for the year 1915-1916: Adjustment Committee — A. J. Osborne, Chairman, Holyoke; 1-". K. Stacy, Springfield; W. H. Sawyer, Providence, R. I.; J. II Sayward, Haverhill; S. II. Thompson. Lowell. Legislative Committee — C. L. Underhill, Chairman, Somerville; F. E. Stacy, Springfield; W. W. True, Newport. Yt.; Geo. E. Saunders. Boston; Wm. B. Scott, Newport, R. I. Permanent Headquarters — D. Fletcher Barber, Chairman, Boston; J. P. Mai key, Brookline; James A. Munroc, Boston. Membership Committee — II. P. King, Chairman. Portland. Me.; E. C. Hoague. Concord, N. II.; C. H. Landon, Rutland, Vt.; H. W. Sibley, Ware, Mass.; W. II. Sawyer, Providence, R. I.; E>. N. Clark, Shelton, Conn. Efficiency Committee — F. A. Chandler, Chairman. Boston; B. C. Pierce. Taunton; E. P. Turner, Boston; F. E. Peirson, Pittsfield; W. C. Fuller Mans field. Trade Relations Committee — F. E. Peirson, Chairman, Pittsfield; B. M. Scott, Worcester; A. C. Lamson, Marlboro; Harrison H. Turner. Lawrence; M. A. Chandler, Boston. Press Committee — h . A. Chandler, Chairman, Boston; George A. Fiel, Bos- ton; Walter C. English, Boston. Finance Committee — C. M. Nichols. Chairman. Boston; James 1*. Mackey, Brookline; J. F. Willett, Boston. Publication Committee — J. B. Hunter. Chairman, Boston; ('. M. Nichols, Boston; Henry M. Sanders, Boston. Railroad Committee — C. S. Farquhar, Chairman. Boston; C. E. Dudley, Providence. R. I.; II. II. Hagar, Burlington, Yt.; C, O. Eaton. Brunswick. Me.; W. II. Underwood, Manchester, N. H.; Chas. M. Beach. New Milford. Conn. Insurance Committee — George A. Fiel, Chairman, Boston; R. W. Wastcoat, Huston; James Strockbine, Watertown, Conn.; J. II. Seavey, Dover. \" 11.; W. K. Toole, Pawtucket, R. I. Constitution and By-Laws Committee — ■ S. H. Thompson, Chairman, Lowell; A. J. Osborne, Holyoke; Jas. DeF. Phelps, Windsor Locks. Conn. Special Committee on Merchant Marine — F. E. Stacy, Chairman, Spring- field; C. L. Underhill, Somerville; W. C. English, Revere Special Committee on Permanent Non-Partisan Tariff Commission S. II. Thompson, Chairman. Lowell; F. E. Peirson. Pittsfield; A. B. Reed. North Abington; C. E. Doane, Middleboro; A. K. Parker. Norwood. N. k. Clean Up and Paint Up Committee — S. 11. Thompson. Chairman. Lowell; Charles O. Eaton, Brunswick. Me.; II. L. Sawyer, Providence, R. I.; II II. Hagar. Burlington, Yt.; Arthur E. Moreau, Henry M. Sander-- and George \. Fiel. 32 NEW ENGLAND HARDWARE DEALERS' ASSOCIATION COMMITTEES The following is a list of the appointments, made by President Henry M. Sanders of the N. E. H. D. A., to serve on the Conven- tion Committees for 1916: Convention and Entertainment Committee — F. A. Chandler, Chairman, Boston; C. L. Underhill, Somerville; A. C. Lamson, Marlboro; W. W. Beal, Boston; H. M. Gordon, Boston. Ladies' Convention Committee — Mrs. H. M. Sanders, Chairman, Boston; Mrs. D. F. Barber, Newton; Mrs. J. B. Hunter, Newton; Mrs. F. A. Chandler, Boston; Mrs, S. H. Thompson, Lowell. Exhibition Committee — Calvin M. Nichols, Chairman; C. H. Stevens, Ar- lington; C. H. Dwinell, Waltham; H. W. Colton, Cambridge; J. P. Mackey, Brookline. Hotel Committee — J. B. Hunter, Boston. Committee on Badges — Calvin M. Nichols, Chairman, Boston; Russell H. Nichols, Boston. Luncheon Committee — ■ W. W. Beal, Chairman; Ralph Barber, Lester Hunter, Ernest C. Farland, E. W. Hinckley. Pop Concert Committee — F. A. Chandler, Chairman; Ernest Davis, John H. Robinson, H. G. Cloyes, Paul Burke, J. E. Barnum, John A. O'Keefe. Ball Committee— C. L. Underhill, Chairman; H. G. Cloyes, A. P. Hittl, A. G. Bowman, O. C. Alderman, A. J. Osborne, C. H. Stevens. Outing Committee — James P. Mackey, Chairman; Chas. Marks, Dan Camp- bell, Paul Burke, W. P. Ross, John Whitcomb. Committee on Automobiles — A. C. Lamson, Chairman; Hector Gordon, James P. Mackey, Nathan Ames, E. H. Kearney. Committee on Guide Book — -Secretary J. F. Miller, H. G. Cloyes, Chauncey English, F. A. Chandler. General Guide Committee — -Hector M. Gordon, Chairman; C. M. Nichols, Austin G. Brown, A. S. Johnston, Raymond Woolf. Place of Next Meeting Committee — -Frank E. Stacv, Springfield, Chairman; H. L. Russell, Holyoke; B. M. Scott, Worcester; C. E. Dudley, Providence, R. I.; C. O. Eaton, Brunswick, Me. Telephone-Pacific Night Committee — C. A. Field, Taunton, Chairman; N. P. Haves, New Bedford; H. G. Fiske, Natick; W. C. Vaughn, Boston; A. T. Munn, Lowell; H. G. Cloyes, Boston; D. Findlay, Athol; R. E, Conder, Cam- bridge; C. Weare, Boston. The following is a list of the appointments made by President H. G. Cloyes of the Associates to serve on the Convention Com- mittees for 1916: Reception Committee — W. W. Beal, Chairman; Geo. A. F. Perry; C. E. Bragdon; J. B. Sedgwick; A. K. Woodward. Registration Committee — W. P. Ross, Chairman; L. T. Shipman; C. S. Davis, Jr. Publicity and Press Committee — Chauncey F. English, Chairman; Chas. E. Ware, Jr.; J. R. Stout; J. F. Miller. Constitution and By-Laws Committee — Paul F. Burke, Chairman; W. T. Hedges; John T. Barnum. Membership Committee — Maine, A. W. Bell, F. H. Ripley; New Hamp- shire and Vermont, O. M. Flather; Massachusetts, A. Raymond Woolf, C. S. Angell, Geo. H. Hoyt; Rhode Island, C. A. Cross, Wm. A. Ripley; Connect- icut, R. M. Sarles, L. E. Smith. Entertainment Committee — W. T. Hedges, Chairman; A. G. Bowman; H. M Gordon; Paul Burke; W. P. Ross; W. W. Beal. 33 PROGRAM \1A\ ENGLAND AND NATIONAL RETAIL HARDWARE VSSOC1 \TIOX Monday, June 12, 1916. 10.00 A.M. Register at Registration Booth, Me- chanics Building. 10.00 A.M. Opening of X. E. 11. 1). A. Animal Exhibition in Mechanics Building. 12.00 M. I >ealers' J )ay — Box Luncheon. 1.00 P.M. Opening of X. E. H. D. A. Annual Convention in Paul Revere Hall. 1.30 P.M. Executive committee meeting, X. R. II. A. at Hotel Lenox. 8.00 P.M. Ladies' Informal Reception at Hotel Lenox. 8.00 P.M. "Puritan Dinner" — Stag Night auspices Associates — New American House. Tuesday, June 13, 1916. 7.30 A.M. Secretaries' Breakfast at Hotel Lenox. 10.00 A.M. Second Day Annual Exhibition, Me- chanics Building. 10.00 A.M. Opening of the National Convention. Open Meeting, Paul Revere Hall, Mechanics Building — Ladies and ( Gentlemen. 3.00 P.M. Automobile Trip, " About Historical Boston " — Ladies. 8.00 P.M. " Pop " Concert - Symphony Hall - Ladies and Gentlemen. Wednesday, June 14, 1916. 9.00 A.M. Opening Session, Paul Revere Hall — Ladies and ( Gentlemen. 10.00 A.M. Third Day of Exhibition — Ladies and ( Gentlemen. 1.30 P.M. Automobile Trip to Cambridge, Lex- ington, Concord and Wall ham — Ladies. 2.00 P.M. Opening Session, Paul Revere Hall — Ladies and (icntlemen. 7.00 P.M. Along -the -Shore Trolley Trip — La- dies and Gentlemen. 34 Thursday, June 15, 1916. 7.30 A.M. 9.30 A.M. 9.30 A.M. 10.00 A.M. 2.00 P.M. 4.00 7.00 M. M. 8.00 P.M. Secretaries' Breakfast at Hotel Lenox. Steamer "South Shore" for Plymouth — Ladies. Executive Session — Delegates and Members. Fourth Day Exhibition — Ladies and Gentlemen. Executive Session — Delegates and Members. Automobile Trip — Delegates only. "National Night" at Exhibition — Ladies and Gentlemen. ' Telephone-Pacific " at Convention Hall, 56 St. Botolph Street — A unique and interesting voyage — Ladies and Gentlemen. Friday, June 16, 1916. 9.00 A.M. 1.15 P.M. 3.00 P.M. 6.00 P.M. Saturday, June 17, 1916. Annual Outing at Pemberton, Steamer " Rose Standish" from Rowe's Wharf — Ladies and Gentlemen. Old-Fashioned " Clam Bake." Pilgrimage to Fort Revere. Leave for Boston. All-Day Celebration of Day." Bunker Hill Special Note Delegates and members alike may attend all sessions, but delegates only have privileges of floor in discussion and voting. Each morning a detachment of Boy Scouts will be at the service of any delegates or guests desiring to visit shops, public buildings or other points of interest. Arrangements may be made at the Sec- retary's desk at Mechanics Building. Visitors' Cards extending the privileges of the Boston Chamber of Commerce, the Boston City Club, the Master Builders' Asso- ciation, the Pilgrim Publicity Association — the local Ad Men's Club — and the Women's City Club will be issued on application. The various committees urge that arrangements and registra- tion for the various events be made at the earliest possible moment. An Information Bureau will be maintained at the Secretary's Office at Mechanics Building, throughout the entire Convention. If in doubt, ask there ! 35 AUTOMOBILE TOUR OF HISTORICAL BOSTON Starting at 3 P.M. on Tuesday, JuifE 13th, from the Hotel Lenox. Time Required to Mark Tour, About Two Hoiks. Stops will be made at Bunker Hill Monument and the Charles- town Navy Yard. Sufficient time will be allowed to inspect the Navy Yard and go aboard the Old Frigate " Constitution." The tour embraces all points of interest in the historic and business sections of the city. Following are the principal points of interest: — Massachusetts State Prison. Old State House (1713). State House — famous in history. Old Market. Washington Street. Site of Liberty Tree. Spot where Paul Revere crossed the Charles River and started on his famous " midnight ride." Site of Birthplace of Benjamin Franklin. Copps Hill. Site of British Fort. Armory of Ancient and Honorable Artillery. House Occupied by General Gage during British occupation of Boston. Old Charter House, where was signed the first Massachusetts Charter. Oldest public building standing in Boston. Charlestown (Settled 1628). Site of Battle of Bunker Hill. Spot over which British charged three times. Spot where General Warren fell. Old Corner Bookstore. Brimstone Corner. Green Dragon Inn, where met the spirits of the Revolution. Site of Old Hancock Tavern where was entertained the Dauphin of France. Building from which started the " Boston Tea Party." Building where Benjamin Franklin was baptised. Balcony from which Declaration of Independence was first read in Boston. Financial Center of Boston. Spot where ships have been built since 1629. Site of Home of General Joseph Warren. Site of Paul Revere's Goldsmith Shop. Crispus Attucks Monument. Adams House, where Denman Thompson once served as a bell boy. 36 Old Custom House with its Famous new Tower. St. Paul's Episcopal Cathedral. Boston Common. Famous Boston Subway. Longest and Busiest Street in New England. Old South Meeting House. Site of Shop of John Hancock. Bunker Hill (stop). U. S. Navy Yard (stop of 20 minutes to inspect Navy Yard and visit Old Frigate " Constitution"). Christ Church from which lanterns were hung to apprise Paul Revere of the approaching of the British. Site of Boston Massacre (1770), where was shed the first blood of the Revolution. The " East Side " of Boston. Identical House in which lived Paul Revere. The Ghetto, or New Jerusalem. Little Italy. Newspaper Row. City Hall. Church used as a riding school by the British. Faneuil Hall (Cradle of Liberty, 17(io). Tremont Temple. King's Chapel and Burial Ground. Park Street Church. Old Granary Burial Ground. Building where Jenny Lind first sang in New England. Site of Governor Winthrop's home. Masonic Temple. Site of home of original " Mother Goose." Graves of John Winthrop, Paul Revere, Samuel Adams, James Otis, and parents of Benjamin Franklin and many others famous in history. 37 FIFTY -MILE CIRCUIT TOUR OVER PAUL REVERE ROUTE TO LEXINGTON AND CONCORD Starting a i L.30 P.M. on Wednesday, June 11th, from the Hotel Lenox. Time Required to Make Torn About Four Hours. On this tour we- visit the birthplace of American liberty, and the homes of America's foremost authors. Besides passing through sonu- ol Boston's mosl beautiful suburbs, the tour covers for the most part the exact route mack' famous by Paul Revere and the British troops, April 18th and 19th, 1775. Numerous tablets mark the spots where were enacted some of the most stirring events of the American Revolution. We pass through the beautiful Back Bay, over the Harvard Bridge, through Cambridge and make our first stop at Harvard University. At the Agassiz Museum \ve will stop long enough to see the world- famous glass flowers. After leaving the museum, a brief lecture will be given at the Washington Elm. Leaving the Elm, we speed along over perfect roads through Cambridge and Arlington, passing many tablets by the wax, until we arrive in Lexington. We stop at the Battle Field, where the farmers outside of Boston first met the British with armed resist- ance and where the historic words were first uttered by the com- mander of the Alinute Men on Lexington Green: " Stand your ground, don't fire unless fired upon, but if they mean to have war let it begin here." Leaving the Battle Field of Lexington, we next stop at the Hancock-Clarke House, where guests are guided through this historic old mansion containing priceless relics of the Revolution. Leaving Lexington we pass through the old town of Lincoln and stop at the spot where Paul Revere was captured. A tew miles more through beautiful rural scenery and we arrive at Merriam's Corner, the first point of interest in Concord. Beside the elm-shaded streets through which we pass are the homes of the famous Poets and Writers who have made New England the Mecca of all the country. The grand climax of the tour is reached when we arrive at the Old North Bridge, where was fought on an April morning in 177.), the battle which inspired Emerson to write the famous words inscribed on the statue of the Minute Man: By the rude bridge that arched the flood, Their Mag to April's breeze unfurled, Here once the embattled farmers stood, And fired the shot heard 'round the world." A stop of ten minutes is made at the North Bridgeand passengers are taken over the Battle Field 1>\ the guide, who, at the Statue of the Minute Man and the graves of the British soldiers, relates the heroic and stirring events of the battle. Leaving the Battle Field, we pass by the road which leads to Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in which are the graves of Emerson, Hawthorne, Louisa May Alcott, Thoreau and others of literary note. This is some distance from 38 the main road and automobiles are not allowed to enter. The return trip is over an entirely different route, passing the site of Thorean's Hut by Lake Walden, Kendall Green, Waltham, to Boston, completing one of the most interesting fifty-mile tours in America. Following are the principal points of interest: — - Cambridge Colonial Homes. First Church of Cambridge. Memorial Hall. John Harvard Statue. Grounds and Buildings of Harvard University. Agassiz Museum. Radcliffe College. Old Christ Church (where Washington attended). Soldiers' Monument and cannon captured by Ethan Allen at Fort Ticonderoga. Site of Birthplace of Oliver Wendell Holmes. Old Porter Tavern. Arlington Cooper Tavern. Old Robbins House. Meeting place of Committee of Public Safety, 1775. Tablet on Site of Capture of British Supply Train. First Church of Arlington (1773). Soldiers' Monument. Jason Russell Tablet. " Foot of the Rocks." Arlington Heights. Lexington Wellington Tablet. Harrington House and Elm. Munroe Tavern. Emerson Hall. Stone Cannon. Massachusetts Building at Centennial Exposition, 1876. Cary Memorial Library. Site of Old Belfry. Lexington Green. Captain Parker Statue. Buckman Tavern. Pulpit Rock. Stone Boulder, Line of Minute Men. First Revolutionary Monument. First Normal School in America. Hancock- Clarke House. Jonathan Harrington House. Fourth Meeting House of the First Parish. 39 Lincoln Rally Bluff. Site of Capture oi Paul Revbre (Tablet). I ionic of Captain Smith. Concord Merriam's Corner. Grape Vine Cottage (House of originator of Concord Grape and parent vine). Hawthorne's Wayside. Orchard House (Home of Louisa May Alcott). Home of Ralph Waldo Emerson. First Parish Meeting House (Meeting Place of First Provin- cial Congress). Historic Wright Tavern, 1747. Monument Square, Concord Elm and Burial Hill. House with British Bullet Holes. Old Manse. Battle Ground, Graves of British Soldiers. Old North Bridge. Mixute Man Statue. South Lincoln Lake Walden, where Thoreau had his hut. Middlesex Hunt Club. Home of Alexander H. Higginson. Hastings Organ Factory, Kendall Green and Weston. Aristocratic Settlements. Waltham and Water town W'altham, the Watch City. Home of General Banks. United States Arsenal. Views of Allston, Brighton, Cambridge and Boston. Soldiers Eield and Harvard Stadium. 40 BOSTON A GUIDE BOOK By EDWIN M. BACON WITH ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS The John Hancock House! jTS^p/ vjyj - «86j GINN AND COMPANY BOSTON • NEW YORK • CHICAGO • LONDON ATLANTA • DALLAS • COLUMBUS • SAN FRANCISCO Copyright, 1903 By Ginn & Company GINN-y-CoMPANY ChtTttbrnanimPrcs BOSTdNTNeX'-YoRICOCACO UDNDCfNISANFRANClSCo ATLANTA! DALLAS COLUMBUS ALL RIGHTS RESERYED 216.4 CONTENTS Introductory The Way about Town . . . Principal Hotels of Boston Theaters in Boston . . . . Convenient Churches in Boston I. Modern Boston . . Historical Sketch . . Boston Proper . . . i. The Central District The North End . The Charlestown District The West End . . The Back Bay . . . The South End . . The Outlying Districts East Boston . . . South Boston . . . Roxbury District . West Roxbury Distric Dorchester District Brighton District . II. The Metropolitan Region Cambridge and Harvard Brookline The Newtons and Weston Newton and Wellesley Natick and Needham . The Southern Newtons Waltham ..... Watertown .... Milton and the Blue Hills Quincy Dedham Winthrop and Revere PAGE V V viii ix ix i i 2 4 54 65 68 74 92 94 94 95 95 96 97 97 109 116 119 123 124 126 128 130 J 34 J 37 J 39 PAGE Chelsea 142 Somerville, Medford, and Maiden 143 Winchester 145 III. Public Parks 146 Boston City System . . . 146 Metropolitan System . . . 148 IV. Day Trips from Boston 152 Lexington and Concord . . 152 The North Shore . . . . 159 Lynn 159 Nahant 159 Saugus 159 Marblehead 160 Salem 160 Salem Itinerary . . . 161 Peabody 161 Danvers 161 Beverly 161 Gloucester 161 Rockport 161 The South Shore .... 167 Hingham 167 Cohasset 167 Scituate 167 Marshfield ....<.. 168 Duxbury 168 Kingston 168 Plymouth 168 V. Excursions and Tours . 171 VI. Important Points of Interest 175 Index i/7 111 PUBLISHERS' NOTE The chief merit of any guide is that it brings the history of its subject to the present moment. Such has been the intent in the preparation of this little book. It is something more than a guide book to Boston : it is an historical itinerary, a progress from past to present. Its scope embraces, besides the municipality of Boston proper, the various com- munities which are comprehended in the term "Greater Boston"; his- torical places and literary shrines beyond these limits, as Salem, Plymouth, and Concord ; the North Shore and the South Shore of Massachusetts Bay. Care has been taken to provide the visitor with every possible aid to the convenient and comfortable exploration of the territory treated. Diagrams and trip maps are scattered through the pages ; the typographical arrangement, with the use of varied types to emphasize places, points, and objects, is designed to make the mate- rial available for quick reference ; the text is profusely illustrated ; and at the back of the book are a series of plate maps, printed in colors to render them the more distinct in detail. In the mechanical execution the publishers have endeavored to present a tasteful book, in shape and appearance convenient and attractive. It is intended in all respects to be the standard Boston Guide Book. Among the distinctive and superior features of this guide are the following : i. The material is original and has been obtained by reference to original sources and documents. For this reason this guide is espe- cially authoritative and trustworthy. 2. The eight pages of color maps at the back of the book, and the numerous diagram maps inserted in the text, provide unusually adequate map material, at once convenient and exhaustive. Those who are accustomed to spread out in the wind the large folder maps commonly to be found in guide books of this character will doubtless appreciate the superiority of these small sectional maps and diagrams. 3. In other respects the guide is made most convenient. A helpful table of contents, the logical arrangement of the material, the running titles, and above all a complete alphabetical index, attain this end to an admirable degree. Strangers will find the section entitled " The Way About Town " (pp. v to viii) particularly valuable. iv INTRODUCTORY THE WAY ABOUT TOWN The stranger visiting Boston for the first time will find the city's reputation of being exceedingly intricate and tortuous to be deserved. But he may quickly "orient" himself and get a general idea of the direc- tions of the streets and of the ways of reaching desired points, if he will grasp at the outset three important facts, as follows : I. The well-worn term "The Hub" applies to down- town Boston in no mere fanciful sense. Roughly, the streets of this confusing district form a sort of wheel. The hub of the wheel, however, is not one fixed point, for the streets radiate from several squares lying between the State House on Beacon Hill and the Old State House on State Street. Plates II and III at the back of the book will show at a glance that the figure of the wheel applies with sufficient exactness to warrant its use. In fact the stranger will save himself many steps and much time by ascertaining at once the names and directions of a few main thoroughfares, among them State Street, Milk Street, Washington Street, Tremont Street, Beacon Street, Summer Street, Hanover Street, and Atlantic Avenue. II. The Back Bay District is arranged chiefly in the form of a rectangle, its eastern border united to the Central District described above at the Public Garden. The accompanying diagram indicates its general form, and points out v vi THE WAV ABOUT TOWN the principal connections with down-town Boston. For details of the Back Bay District, see Plate I at the back of the book. III. There are in Boston several important points of arrival or departure in which all routes center. The visitor cannot go far astray if he makes him- self familiar with these few landmarks. The most essential are the following : Copley Square. Through this square, Boylston Street, running nearly east and west, is a thoroughfare for trolley cars : east-bound, passing into the Subway. to connections (at Park Street station) with surface cars running to the North Station and connecting with the Elevated system (which passes through the Washington Street Tunnel) for Charlestown and all the northern suburbs, as well as (by Atlantic Avenue circuit) with the various ferries, steamer wharves (for harbor and coastwise points), and the South Station (the latter more directly reached by transfer in the Subway at the Boylston Street station) ; also east-bound cars which, avoiding the Subway, run to the West End and to the North Station ; and west-bound , to Brookline, Brighton, Newton, Cambridge, Somerville (Spring Hill), Watertown, and Waltham. Huntington Avenue, diverging to the south- west from Boylston Street at this square, is the artery for cars to Dorchester, Jamaica Plain, Forest Hills, Milton, connecting with the Elevated system south, as well as an alternative route for other suburbs reached from Boylston Street. Trinity Place, to the south of the square, leads direct to the New York Central Trinity Place station (one block), where all outgoing trains stop ; and at Hunting- ton Avenue and Irvington Street (one block southwest of the square) is the Hunt- ington Avenue station of the same line, where all inward-bound trains stop. Dartmouth Street leads to the Back Bay station of the New York. New Haven & Hartford Railroad (one block south of the square), the stopping place for all trains in both directions. In or about Copley Square are grouped many important buildings, institutions, churches, and hotels. The Intersection of Washington, Summer, and Winter streets, in the middle of the down-town business quarter. Washington Street is not only the great artery of retail traffic but it is the main highway of travel north and south through the older part of the city. Beneath it is the Washington Street Tunnel for the Elevated system. Winter Street is but one block long and connects with Tremont Street at the Park Street station of the Subway ; Summer Street is practically a continuation of it eastward to the South Station and the water. On Washington Street north-bound surface cars may be taken for Charlestown, East Boston and Chelsea Ferries, East Cambridge, the North Station, and the West End. South-bound cars for South Boston, Dorchester, Milton, Neponset, and various sections of the Roxbury and West Roxbury districts may be taken either at the corner or just below on Summer Street. (The railway company's starter on the corner will give all information needed.) From this center it is but two blocks on Washington Street, north, to the Old South Meetinghouse ; two blocks farther to the Old State House, at the head of State Street. It is in proximity to the theater quarter and is near a nest of hotels. Park Street, also in the down-town business quarter. Here are the cen- tral stations of the Subway at the head of the Common. At the head of the short street (a single block in length) is the State House; at its foot is the THE WAY ABOUT TOWN vu thoroughfare of Tremont Street, running south and north, from which cross streets at irregular intervals lead easterly to various parts of the general business districts. Scollay Square, at the junction of Tremont and Court streets, Cornhill, and Tremont Row. A central point from which the northern parts of the city are reached. Here cars for the North Station and the northern suburbs are taken in the Subway. Surface cars cross the northern end of the square and pass down Hanover Street, some bound for the North Station, others for ferries. State Street is a block east of this square. Also cars turn from it into Cornhill. The North Station, Causeway Street. This is occupied by the several divisions of the Boston & Maine Railroad system, whence trains are taken for all points north, east, and west. The South Station, Dewey Square. Occupied by the New York, New Haven & Hartford and the New York Central rail- roads, whence trains are taken for the south and west. General Information. Time tables and details of routes of the many and various trolley lines in the city, and connections with other lines, are issued by the Boston Elevated Railway Company. The several railroad com- panies also furnish elaborate information in illustrated folders and other forms as to points of interest in New England along their lines reached from Boston. These can be obtained by the visitor at the down-town railroad offices. At the railroad stations are Information Bureaus, at which the stranger should freely apply for any directions desired. When about the city or on street cars similar application may be made with confidence to policemen and conductors. The politeness of these officers is proverbial. South Station Vlll HOTELS PRINCIPAL HOTELS OF BOSTON i Adams HOUSE, 553 Washington, near Boylston Street, Eu. plan. Rooms, $1.50 to $4 ; -with bath, $2.50 to $5. American House, Hanover, near Elm Street, Eu. Rooms, $1.50. For two persons in one room, $2. BELLEVUE, Beacon, near Somerset Street, Eu. Rooms, $1.50 upward ; with bath, $3 upward. Boston Tavern, Washington, near Bromfield Street. Eu. Rooms, $1 upward. Brewster, Boylston, near Washington Street, Eu. Rooms, $2 upward ; single, with bath, $2.50 upward ; double, with bath, $3-5° upward. Brunswick, Boylston and Clarendon streets, Am. and Eu. Am., $4 upward; Eu., rooms, $1.50 upward. Castle Square, Tremont and Chandler streets, Eu. Rooms, f>i upward. Clark's, Washington, near Boylston Street, Eu. Rooms, $1 upward. Commonwealth, Bowdoin Street, Eu. Rooms, S J upward. Copley Square, Huntington Avenue and Exeter Street, Back Bay, Eu. Rooms, Si upward. Copley-Plaza, Copley Square, Back Bay, Eu. Rooms, $2. 50 upward. Crawford House, Court and Brattle streets, Eu. Rooms, Ji. For two persons in one room, S2. Essex, Dewey Square, opposite South Station, Eu. Rooms, $1.50 upward. Georgian, Park Square, Eu. Rooms, Si upward. Langham, Washington and Worcester streets, Am. and Eu. Am., $2 upward; Eu., rooms, Si upward. Lenox, Boylston and Exeter streets, Back Bay, Eu. Rooms, $1.50 upward. Nottingham, Huntington Avenue and Blagden Street, Back Bay, Eu. Rooms, $1 upward. Oxford, Huntington Avenue, opposite Exeter Street, Back Bay, Am. and Eu. Am., $2.50 upward; Eu., rooms, $1 upward. Parker House, School and Tremont streets, Eu. Rooms, $1.50 upward. Plaza, Columbus Avenue and Holyoke Street, Eu. Rooms, $1. For two per- sons in one room, $1.50. Puritan, 390 Commonwealth Avenue, Back Bay, Am. and Eu. Am., $4 up- ward; Eu., rooms, Si. 50 upward. Quincy House, Brattle Street and Brattle Square, Am. and Eu. Am., $3 up- ward; Eu., rooms, $1 upward. Revere House, Bowdoin Square, Eu. Rooms, Si upward. SOMERSET, Commonwealth Avenue and Charlesgate East, Back Bay, Eu. Rooms, S2.50 upward. Thorndike, Boylston and Church streets, Eu. Rooms, Si upward. Touraine, Boylston and Tremont streets, Eu. Rooms, $^ to S6 single ; S4 to $8 double. United States Hotel, Beach, Lincoln, and Kingston streets. Am. and Eu. Am., S2.50 upward; Eu., rooms, Si. VendOME, 270 Commonwealth Avenue, corner of Dartmouth Street, Back Bay, Am., S; upward. Victoria, Newbury and Dartmouth streets, Back Bay, Eu. Rooms. S2 upward. WESTMINSTER, Trinity Place, just out of Copley Square, Eu. Rooms, &1.50 upward. Young's Hotel, Court Street and Court Square, Eu. Rooms, Si. 50 upward. 1 Eu., European plan ; Am., American plan. CONVENIENT CHURCHES IX THEATERS IN BOSTON Boston Opera House, Huntington Avenue. Boston Theater, Washington, near West Street. Castle Square, Tremont and Chandler streets. Colonial, Boylston, near Tremont Street. Cort, Park Square. Gordon's Olympia, Washington, near Boylston Street. Hollis Street, Hollis, between Washington and Tremont streets. Keith's, Washington, near West Street ; entrance also on Tremont street. Majestic, Tremont, near Boylston Street. National, Tremont, junction with Montgomery Street. Orpheum, Washington Street and Hamilton Place Park, Washington, near Boylston Street. Plymouth, Eliot, near Tremont Street. Shu bert, Tremont, nearly opposite Hollis Street. Toy, Lime Street. Tremont, Tremont, near Mason Street. Wilbur, Tremont, corner of Dix Place. There are also the Casino, Columbia, Gaiety, Grand Opera House, and Howard Athenaeum, devoted to burlesque; Beacon, Bijou Dream, Bow- doin Square, Comique, Globe, Gordon and Lord's Scollay Square Olympia, Hub, Huntington Avenue, Old South, Palace, Pastime, Premier, St. James, Scenic Temple, Star, Unique, Washington, giving vaudeville and moving-picture shows. CONVENIENT CHURCHES Arlington Street Church, Congregational Unitarian, Arlington, corner of Boylston Street, Back Bay. Barnard Memorial, Congregational Unitarian, 10 Warrenton Street, near Washington. Beacon Universalist Church, Universalist, Beacon Street, across the Brook- line line, at Coolidge Corner. Boston Society of the New Jerusalem Church, New Church (Sweden- borgian), 136 Bowdoin, near Beacon Street, West End. Bulfinch Place Church, Congregational Unitarian, Bulfinch Place, West End. Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Roman Catholic, Washington, corner of Maiden Street, South End. Central Church, Congregational Trinitarian, Berkeley, corner of Newbury Street, Back Bay. Christ Church, Protestant Episcopal, Salem Street, North End. Church of Our Lady of Perpetual Help, Roman Catholic, 1545 Tre- mont Street, Roxbury District. Church of St. John the Evangelist, Protestant Episcopal, Bowdoin Street. Church of the Advent, Protestant Episcopal, 2° Brimmer Street, West End. Church of the Disciples, Congregational Unitarian, Jersey and Peterboro streets, Back Bay Fens. Church of the Holy Trinity (German), Roman Catholic, 140 Shawmut Avenue, South End. Church of the Immaculate Conception, Roman Catholic, Harrison Ave- nue, corner of East Concord Street, South End. Church of the Messiah, Protestant Episcopal, St. Stephen, corner of Gainsborough Street, Back Bay. Clarendon Street Church, Baptist, Clarendon, corner of Montgomery Street, South End. Emmanuel Church, Protestant Episcopal, 15 Newbury Street, Back Bay. CONVENIENT CHURCHES First Baptist Church, Clarendon Street, corner of Commonwealth Avenue, Back Bay. First Church, Methodist Episcopal, Temple Street, West End. First Church in Boston, Congregational Unitarian, Marlborough, corner of Berkeley Street, Back Bay. First Church of Christ, Scientist, Falmouth, Norway, and St. Paul streets, Back Bay. First Congregational Society, Unitarian, Centre Street, Jamaica Plain. First Parish in Dorchester, Congregational Unitarian, Meetinghouse Hill, Dorchester District. First Presbyterian Church, Berkeley Street, corner of Columbus Avenue, South End. First Religious Society, Congregational Unitarian, Eliot Square, Rox- bury District. First Spiritual Temple, Spiritualist, Newbury, corner of Exeter Street, Back Bay. Friends' Meeting House, 210 Townsend Street, Roxbury District. King's Chapel, Congregational Unitarian, Tremont, corner of School Street. Ml Vernon Church, Congregational Trinitarian, Beacon, corner of Massa- chusetts Avenue, Back Bay. Notre Dame des Victoires (French), Roman Catholic, 25 Isabella Street, South End. Ohabei Sholom, Jewish, 11 Union Park Street, South End. Old South Church, Congregational Trinitarian, Dartmouth, corner of Boyl- ston Street, Back Bay. Park Street Church, Congregational Trinitarian, Tremont, corner of Park Street. Parker Memorial, Congregational Unitarian, n Appleton Street, South End. People's Temple, Methodist Episcopal, Columbus Avenue, corner of Berkeley Street, South End. Ruggles Street Baptist Church, 163 Ruggles Street, Roxbury District. St. Leonard's of Port Morris (Italian), Roman Catholic, Prince Street, North End. St. Paul's Cathedral, Protestant Episcopal, 136 Tremont Street. St. Stephen's Church, Protestant Episcopal, Florence Street, South End. Second Church, Congregational Unitarian, Sleeper Hall, 688 Boylston Street, Back Bay. Second Universalist Church, Columbus Avenue, corner of Clarendon Street, South End. Shawmut Church, Congregational Trinitarian, Tremont, corner of West Brookline Street, South End. South Congregational Church, Congregational Unitarian, Newbury, cor- ner of Exeter Street, Back Bay. Tabernacle Baptist Church, Bowdoin Square, West End. Temple Israel, Jewish, Commonwealth Avenue, corner of Blandford Street, Back Bay. Tremont Street Methodist Episcopal Church, Tremont, corner of West Concord Street, South End. Tremont Temple Church, Baptist, 82 Tremont Street. Trinity Church, Protestant Episcopal, Copley Square. Back Bay. Union Church, Congregational Trinitarian. 4S5 Columbus Avenue, South End. Warren Avenue Church, Baptist, Warren Avenue, corner of West Canton Street, South End. BOSTON: A GUIDE BOOK I. MODERN BOSTON HISTORICAL SKETCH HE town of Boston was founded in 1630 by English colonists sent out by the " Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England," under the lead of John Winthrop, the second governor of the Bay Colony, who arrived at Salem in June of that year with the charter of 1629. It originated in an order passed by the Court of Assistants sitting in the " Gov- ernor's House " in Charlestown, on the opposite side of the Charles River, first selected as their place of settle- ment. This order was adopted September 17 (7 O. S.), and established three towns at once by the simple dictum, "that Trimountane shalbe called Boston ; Mat- t )/I^O tapan, Dorchester ; & y e towne vpon Charles Ryver, Waterton." " Tri- A(§\ mountane " consisted of a peninsula with three hills, the highest (the (j*(%\ present Beacon Hill), as seen from Charlestown, presenting three distinct BW- peaks. Hence this name, given it by the colonists from Endicott's com- f pany at Salem, who had preceded the Winthrop colonists in the Charles- " The Return of the Colors to the Custody of the Commonwealth, December 22, 1865," — both by Edward Simmons. Beyond Memorial Hall the main staircase leads to the floor upon which is Representatives Hall. This chamber is finished in white STATE LIBRARY 43 mahogany, with paneled walls. The coved ceiling is embellished with frescoes by Frank Hill Smith. The historic codfish is suspended oppo- site the Speaker's desk, between the central columns (see p. 9). In the lobby the statue of Governor Roger Wolcott (placed 1907) is by Daniel C. French. On the east side are the rooms of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, in which are to be seen precious documents incased in asbestos boxes, — the Colony Charter of 1628, the Prov- ince Charter of 1692, the Explanatory Charter of George II, and the original Constitution of the Commonwealth, with an attested copy made in 1S94, the original having become in part illegible. In the archives, on the fourth floor, belonging to this department are, with much other valuable historical material, the military records of the Narragansett War, of the French and Indian Wars, and the muster and pay rolls of the Revolution, the original depositions and exam- inations of persons accused of witchcraft, and manuscript papers of the Revolution. In the State Library, at the north end of the building, is to be seen in a glass-covered case the famous Bradford Manuscript, the " His- tory of Plimoth Plantation" by Governor William Bradford, popularly but erroneously called the Log of the Mayflower. This is the volume which after various adventures found lodgment in the Library of the Bishop of London's Palace at Fulham, and was returned to the Com- monwealth by the Bishop of London through the efforts of Senator Hoar of Massachusetts and the Hon. Thomas F. Bayard, ambassa- dor at the Court of St. James. It was received in behalf of the Com- monwealth by Governor Wolcott, May 26, 1897. The State Library contains 125,000 volumes. Charles F. D. Belden is the librarian. The Executive Department and the quarters of the Senate are in the Bulfinch Front. The Council Chamber, fashioned in the Corinthian order, has the old ornamentations designed by Bulfinch. In the Gover- nor's Rooms are several portraits of note. In the Senate Chamber, occu- pying niches, are busts of Washington, Franklin, Lafayette, Lincoln, and Reikesentatives Hall — The Historic Codfish 44 STATE HOUSE PARK distinguished Massachusetts men. The gilded eagle above the Presi- dent's chair, with the national and State flags, holds in its beak a large scroll inscribed, " God Save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts." In the Senate Reception Room are numerous interesting relics. Among them are the first king's arms captured from the British, at Lexington, on the 19th of April, 1775, and the fowling piece used that morning by Captain John Parker, the commander of the minutemen there, — both gifts to the State from his distinguished grandson, Theodore Parker, the preacher and reformer. There are also a Hessian hat, sword, gun. and drum captured at the battle of Bennington, August 16, 1777, which were presented to the State by Brigadier General John Stark. On the walls are portraits of twenty-two governors, including an original portrait of John Winthfop. The State House Park, on the east side of the long building, is a spread- ing lawn fringed with young trees, shrubs, and flowers, space for which was obtained by discontinuing two or three fine old streets and remov- ing the well-favored dwellings that faced upon them. Beneath a con- siderable part of it are great coal bunkers for the large supply of coal required for the State House. The reproduced Bui finch Monument in stone occupies as near as may be the position of the original one. It is an exact copy of that in dimensions, and the eagle at its top follows the original drawing of Bulfinch's bird. The inscription on the bronze tablet in the base gives this concise chapter of history : /// 1634 the General Court caused a Beacon to be placed on the top of this hill. In Jjgo a brick and stone monument designed by diaries Bulfinch replaced the Beacon, but was removed in 1S11 when the hill was cut down. It is now reproduced in stone by the Bunker Hill Monument Association. i8g8. The old tablets of the Bulfinch monument are set higher in the base. The statues in the lawns near by are of Major General Nathaniel P. Banks (Governor, Congressman), by H. H. Kitson, placed 1908 ; and of Major General Charles Devens (United States Marshal, United States Attorney-General, and Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of Massa- chusetts), by Olin L. Warner, placed 1S98. The equestrian statue on the Beacon Street side of the park, set in the broad walk, is of Major General Joseph Hooker, the figure by Daniel C. French, the horse by Edward C. Potter. This was erected in 1903. We reenter Beacon Street by the arched way from this walk, opposite the head of Park Street. Down Park Street we see, facing the Common, a line of buildings, mostly dwellings reconstructed for business purposes, several of which are interesting landmarks. The upper one at the Beacon Street corner was, in part (that part fronting on Park Street, a portion of the old iron-railed entrance steps remaining), the home of BEACON STREET 45 George Ticknor, the historian (" History of Spanish Literature "). The larger building below is the house of the Union Club, established (1863) during the Civil War, primarily as a political club in support of the Union cause. Edward Everett was its first president. It occupies in part the residence of Abbott Lawrence, a foremost Boston mer- chant in his time. In No. 6 are the quarters of the Mayflower Club, of women. Below is Goodspeed's snug book shop. At No. 4 is the pub- lishing house of the Houghton Mifflin Company, occupying the old Quincy mansion house, the winter home of the elder Josiah Quincy (whose statue we shall pres- ently see) through the last seven years of his long, eventful, and useful life of nearly ninety-two years. Now turning our steps down Beacon Street east- ward, we pass in close neighborhood the Unitarian Building, at the comer of Bowdoin Street; directly opposite, the Congregational House ; and next to this the Boston Athenaeum. The Unitarian Building, a low, Moorish-like structure of brownstone (built 1SS5-1SS6), is the headquarters of the American Unitarian Asso- ciation, and the general denominational house, where are the offices of various organizations, national, state, and local. Channing Hall here, and neighboring rooms, are embellished with portraits and busts of Unitarian leaders. The Congregational House, a building of stone and brick, ornamented with sculptured tablets (built 1897-189S), is the head- quarters of the Congregational Trinitarian denomination. The emblem- atic sculptures on the facade represent respectively, from east to west : Law, depicting the Signing of the Compact in the cabin of the Mayflower, November 21, 1620; Religion, the observance of Sunday on Clark's Island on the day before the landing at Plymouth ; Educa- tion, the act of the General Court of Massachusetts passed October 28, 1636, appropriating money for a " schoole or colledge" ; and Philan- thropy, the preaching of the apostle Eliot to the Indians at Waban's wigwam on old Nonantum Hill, Newton, October, 1646. In this building are established the Congregational Library and the Missionary Library of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, with the remarkable Pratt Collection, in the Bible Room, embracing From an Old Print of Boston Common 4 6 BOSTON ATHENAEUM Hebrew rolls, various editions of the Scriptures, palm books, biblical and other charts, relics, and antiquities. The head offices ot the American Board are here. Pilgrim Hall is in the rear from the main entrance. The Boston Athenaeum, presenting a classic front of brown freestone, in marked contrast with its lofty neighbors, dates from 1849. The literary institution for which it was erected dates back to 1807. This had its origin in the Monthly Anthology, a magazine first published in 1803, of which the Rev. William Emerson, father of Ralph Waldo Emerson, was the prin- cipal editor. The persons who became interested in that "journal of polite literature" — a remark- able set of cultivated young men — formed the •• Anthology Club," and collected a library, which was incorporated in 1807 as the Boston Athe- naeum. Quarters were first found in Congress Street, then in a Pearl Street mansion house ■ j I. ? I'O '■.^jeii.Y- presented to the institution (1821), and later this \ "iq building was built by the corporation. For many years the Athenaeum had in connection with its ' Z~~- "' ■ library a valuable art gallery, but the best paint- . ;jT ''^'■y.,Zl\f. ;:•- ings of its collection have been transferred to 5j|||P™^|&"- tne Museum of Fine Arts, Back Bay. It now possesses over 240,000 volumes, many of them rare; a large collection of Braun photographs and art works; files of early newspapers; the Bemis collection of works on international law, including state papers, etc., for the increase of which there is a substantial fund ; one of the very best sets of United States documents in the country ; the best collection in existence of books published in the South during the Civil War; and a large part of George Washington's private library, with many works relating to the first President. The Stuart portrait of Washington now at the Art Museum is owned by the Athenaeum. The Athenaeum became early a center of the new literary and artistic life which was to make Boston famous in Emerson's time. From it came, more or less directly, the old and scholarly North American Review ; and most of the literary societies and libraries of to-day in Boston owe their origin entirely or in part to the influence of the Athenaeum and its founders. The institution is managed by trustees elected by its 1049 shareholders, known as "proprietors." The income is derived from invested funds and from an annual assessment upon each share in use. Some famous men of New England have been among the proprietors of BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW 47 the Athenaeum, including Daniel Webster, Charles Sumner, Holmes, Parkman, and Prescott. William F. Poole, who originated Poole's Index, was at one time its librarian. Arthur Theodore Lyman is the present president, and Charles Knowles Bolton is the librarian. The Hotel Bellevue attractively faces the Athenaeum. The old-fashioned "Boston swell fronts" at the upper corner of Somerset Street constitute the clubhouse of the Boston City Club, a notable Boston institution, organized in 1904 by citizens "interested in the city of Boston and the problems of its growth." The club has an imposing membership (1913) of forty-five hundred, much the largest social and business club in the city and unique in its class. In Somerset Street, next the clubhouse, is the house of the Boston lodge of the Order of Elks, formerly the general building of Boston University (see p. 81). Next above, and facing on Ashburton Place, is the new Boston City Clubhouse, erected by that organization. When completed, in 1914, it will rank with the largest and most thoroughly equipped modern clubhouses. Opposite, on Ashburton Place, is the building of the New England Historic Genealogical Society (founded 1844, incorporated 1845), successor of the earlier house of this institution at No. iS Somerset Street (now occupied by the School for Social Workers and the Social Service Library). The society has a valuable library of more than 50,000 volumes and over 100,000 pamphlets, comprising the best known collection of genealogical works, biographies, and histories, American and English. Many visitors, students in genealogy and com- pilers, make daily use of this extensive collection. The society also possesses numerous rare manuscripts and historical relics. It publishes the "New England Historical and Genealogical Register" (established 1847). The granite-faced building next above (originally the Mt. Vernon Church) is the Boston University School of Law. Next this, the upper end of Ashburton Place is impressively finished by the Daniel Sharp Ford Hall, erected as Baptist headquarters. This building was provided for under the provisions of Mr. Ford's will, as a tablet in the vestibule records. Mr. Ford was long owner of the " Youth's Companion." On Beacon Street again, the modern office building occupying the corner of Tremont Place covers the site of a row of pleasant houses which slowly changed from dwellings to business places. The corner one was the sometime home of Nathan Hale, where Edzuard Everett Hale passed his boyhood when he was attending the Latin School. The end one in the row was latterly the publishing house of Ginn and Company, from which they removed to the Hancock-house site, 29 Beacon Street. 4 8 FIRST SCHOOLHOUSE Crossing crowded Tremont Street we enter more crowded School Street, one of the most traveled and one of the shortest thoroughfares in the city. Just below King's Chapel we are at the site of the first schoolhouse of the first public school, which is continued in the present Public Latin School, now at the South End (Warren Avenue, Dartmouth and Montgomery streets). A bronze tablet set on the first stone post of the fence in front of the City Hall is inscribed with its story : On this spot stood the First House erected for the use of the Boston Public Latin School. This school has been constantly maintained since it was estab- lished by the following vote of the town : At a meeting upon public notice it was generally agreed that our brother Phile- moti Pormout shall be en- treated to becotne schoolmaster for the teaching and nurtur- ing of children zuith us. April '3> '635- This schoolhouse stood where the chancel and pulpit of King's Chapel are now. It gave the street its name. It was built in 1645 (previous to which the school was held in the master's house), and remained on this spot for upward of a cen- tury. Then in 1 748 another build- ing was erected on the opposite side where is now the Parker House. The present is the fifth building of the school. In the long roll of Latin School pupils appear the names of Franklin, Hancock, Samuel Adams, and Robert Treat Paine; Cotton Mather, Henry Ward Beecher, James Freeman Clarke, Edward Everett Hale, and Phillips Brooks; Ralph Waldo Emerson, John Lothrop Motley, and Francis Parkman ; Presidents Leverett, Langdon. Everett, and Eliot of Harvard College ; Charles Francis Adams, Sr., Charles Sumner, and William M. Evarts. Boston' City Hall The heavy granite City Hall (built 1 862-1 865), of elaborate design, calls only for a passing glance. It succeeded a Bulfinch building on the same site, — a Court House (predecessor of the present "Old Court House "), refitted for a City Hall. The bronze statues in the yard are more interesting. That of Benjamin Franklin was the first portrait statue set up in Boston (1856). It is the work of Richard Greenough. CITY HALL 49 The fund for its erection was raised by popular subscription. The four bronze medallions in the sunken panels of the pedestal represent as many periods in Franklin's career. The other statue, of Josiah Quincy, is by Thomas Ball, and was placed in 1879. ^ represents the elder Quincy as he appeared in mid- dle life when mayor of Boston. The base is a block of Quincy granite. A marble statue by William W. Story, in Memorial Hall at Cambridge, represents Quincy in later life, or when president of the college. We may stop a moment at the building next beyond the foot passage by the side of the City Hall (another court dignified with the term of avenue), and observe the in- scribed fire-back set in its vesti- bule wall. The inscription relates that on this site from 178510 181 5 was the dwelling of Dr. John Warren (brother of Joseph Warren, killed at Bunker Hill), who was the first professor of anatomy and surgery in Harvard Uni- versity. The fire-back came from the old house. At the end of School Street the ancient building long known as the "Old Corner Bookstore" lingers a weathered old relic of the past in one of the busiest quarters, although the booksellers finally left it in 1903. It dates from 1712. It had been a book stand since 1828. Its interest lies particularly in its literary associations, for in what is regarded now as the golden age of Boston literary activity — about the middle and third quarter of the nineteenth century — it was the chief literary lounge and calling place of the city. This was especially the character- istic of the "Old Comer" during the long years of its occupancy by Ticknor & Fields and their immediate successors. The " Curtained Corner " of James T. Fields in the back part of the old book- shop has been much discoursed upon. George William Curtis in the "Easy Chair " called it " the exchange of wit, the Rialto of current good things, the hub of the hub. It was a very remarkable group of men, — indeed it was the first Old Corner Bookstore 5° OLD SOUTH MKETINGHOUSE group of really great American authors which familiarly frequented the corner as guests of Fields." Previous to this building there was here the Hutchinson Homestead, where lived that colonial dame, Anne Hutchinson, strong of mind and keen of wit, one of John Cotton's old Boston-in- England parishioners, who became the central figure in the violent antinomian controversy which tore the Colony in 1637- 1638, and who was finally banished for heresy. In her little home here she instituted the weekly gathering of women to discuss the Sunday sermon after the fashion of the men, and so she is credited with having set up the first woman's club in America. The Old South Building opposite, the monumental business structure of stone and steel spreading between Spring Lane and around the Old South Meetinghouse to Milk Street, covers near its south- east end the site of Winthrop's second mansion (where he died), which was afterward and until the Revolution the parsonage house of the Old South, and which the British demolished together with the shading row of butternut trees before it, using them for firewood during the Siege. The tall walls of the ornate building close against the plain brick meet- inghouse, and reaching above its tower, dwarf the historic structure, but add to its uniqueness. By the faithful restoration of the exterior to the appearance it bore in provincial days, the outward aspect of the venerated building and its historic value have been much enhanced. The Old South is now a loan museum of Revo- lutionary and other relics, colonial furniture, and Old South Church portraits, open to the public for a modest fee, which goes to meet the cost of its maintenance. The interior is also restored as far as possible to the aspect which it bore in the prerevolutionary period, when it was the scene of those great town meetings, too large for the old Faneuil Hall, which "kindled the flame that fired the Revolution," and in commemoration of which the meetinghouse came to be called the " Sanctuary of Freedom." The tablet on the tower, placed in 1867, is inscribed with these historic dates : OLD SOUTH MEETINGHOUSE 51 Old South Church gathered 1669 First House built 1670 This House erected 1729 Desecrated by British troops 1775-6 The preservation of the meetinghouse is directly due to the efforts of an organization of twenty-five Boston women, under the title of the " Old South Preservation Committee," formed in the centennial year of 1876, at a critical juncture, when its demolition was imminent through the sale of the property for mercantile purposes. Public interest was aroused, " preservation meetings " were held with lectures, addresses, and poems by Emerson, Henry Lee, Lowell, Holmes, and others ; and finally this organization succeeded — Mrs. Mary Hemenway contributing $100,000 — in purchasing the estate subject to certain restrictions for $430,000. It is now used for the Old South Lectures to Young People, instituted by Mrs. Hemenway to promote among American youth a " more serious and intelligent attention to histor- ical studies, especially studies in American History," of which Edwin D. Mead is the director. The town meetings of greatest moment held here were those of June 14 and 15, 1768, upon the matter of the impressment of Massachusetts men by the com- mander of his majesty's ship of war Romney ; the long afternoon and early evening meeting of March 6, 1770, the day after the Boston Massacre, which brought about the removal of the British regiments from the town ; and the anti- tea meetings between November 27 and December 16, 1773, culminating with the " Tea Party " and the emptying of the cargoes of the tea ships into the harbor. The series of orations commemorative of the Boston Massacre was delivered here, Dr. Joseph Warren, three months before he was killed at Bunker Hill, pro- nouncing the second one, upon which occasion he was introduced through a window in the rear of the pulpit, the entrance doors and the aisles, and even the pulpit steps, being occupied by British soldiers and officers. During the Siege, when the meetinghouse was used as a riding school by Burgoyne's regiment of light dra- goons, the floor was cleared for their exercises, and cart loads of earth and gravel were spread over it. The pulpit, the pews, and all the inside structures except the sounding-board and the east galleries were taken out and most of them burned for fuel. One " beautiful carved pew," with silken furnishings, was carried off to a neighboring house and " made a hog stye " of. The east galleries were fitted for spectators, and in one of them was a refreshment bar. The south door was closed and a pole was fixed here over which the cavalry were taught to leap their horses at full speed. In the winter a stove was set up, in which were used for kindling many of the precious books and manuscripts of the Rev. Thomas Prince's New England Library, then deposited in the " steeple-room " of the tower. The manuscript of Bradford's "History of Plimoth " (see p. 43), and that of the third volume of Winthrop's Journal among them, were spared. In 52 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN'S BIRTHPLACE this tower study the Rev. Jeremy Belknap, the historian and the recognized founder of the Massachusetts Historical Society, did much work. The meetinghouse which preceded this, a " little house of cedar, 7 ' was the one which Andros obliged the regular church organization to share with the first Episcopal church (see p. 24). That, too, was the place where Judge Samuel Sewall in 1697 published his "confession of contrition" for his share as a witch- craft judge in the " blood-guiltiness" at Salem five years before. It was also the meetinghouse where Benjamin Franklin was baptized on the day of his birth January 17 (6 O. S.), 1706. In the neighborhood of the Old South is the newspaper quarter, Newspaper Row, extending below the curve of Washington Street, northward. Near it, also on Washington Street and Bromfield Street, are popular bookshops. From the Old South to the " Tea Party " Site. At the Old South we turn into Milk Street, but before doing so we should identify the site of the Province House, the official residence of the royal governors, pic- tured in Hawthorne's " Legends of the Province House." This mansion stood nearly opposite the meetinghouse, well back from the main street, above a handsome lawn ornamented by two noble oaks at the street front. A bit of its wall yet remains backing upon Province Court, which is reached from Washington Street by a foot passage. It was a stately house of brick, three stories, with gambrel roof, and a high cupola surmounted by a figure of an Indian with drawn bow and arrow, another specimen of the handiwork of " Deacon " Shem Drowne, maker of the grass- hopper on Faneuil Hall. The approach was by a high flight of stone steps leading to a portico, over which appeared the royal arms in deal and gilt. It long outlived the Province period. After the Revolution it served the Com- monwealth a while as the Government House, for the sittings of the governor and council, and for state offices. Thereafter it fell to commercial uses, and in its latter days it was a hall of negro minstrelsy. It finally passed, all but the bit of wall, in a fire in 1864. It was built originally for a dwelling by an opulent merchant, Peter Sergeant, in 1667. The Province bought it for a governor's house in 171 5. The Indian was preserved and is now in the collection of the Massachusetts Historical Society. Province Street and Province Court led to the rear grounds of the Province House. After the Revolution Province Street was for some time called the Governor's Alley. On Milk Street we pass the site of Benjamin Franklin's Birthplace, covered by the building No. 17, nearly opposite the side of the Old South, which bears on its front the legend " Birthplace of Franklin," with a bust of the philosopher. A little farther down, on the left, is the Federal Building, including the Post Office and the Federal courts, a gloomy pile of granite, chiefly FORT HILL SQUARE 53 interesting for its service in checking at this point the sweep of the Great Fire of November 9-10, 1872, the gravest of all great Boston fires. In the wall at the Milk and Devonshire streets corner is a tablet which records that this fire, " beginning at the southeasterly corner of Summer and Kingston streets, extended over an area of sixty acres, destroyed within the business center of the city property to the value of more than sixty million dollars, and was arrested in its northeasterly progress at this point. The mutilated stones of this building also record that event." Federal Street, next below Devonshire Street, southward, is one of the main avenues to the South Station. It has two historic sites, at or about the western corners of Franklin Street, covered by business build- ings: one, that of the Federal Street Theater, the first regular playhouse in Boston, designed by Bulfinch and erected in 1794; the other, of the Federal Street Church, the Boston pulpit of William Ellery Charming from 1803 till his death in 1S42. We continue two blocks farther down Milk Street to Pearl Street, which opens from Post Office Square, upon which the Federal building fronts. The massive granite drinking basin, with high, shapely shaft topped by a gilt eagle, which ornaments this square is, as its inscription denotes, a practical memorial to Dr. George T. Angell (1823-1909): erected " by the school children of Boston, by the City of Boston, and by the societies he founded — the Massachusetts Society for the Pre- tention of Cruelty to Animals and the American Humane Education Society." Near the north side is the site of the first office of the Liberator, the dingy little attic room where, in 1831, William Lloyd Garrison began his aggressive antislavery editorial work. The building was swept off in the fire of 1872. When Garrison was mobbed in 1835, and was given refuge in the Old State House, then the City Hall, the Liberator office was on Washington Street in a building backing on Wilson's Lane, now Devonshire Street, where the attack upon him began. Turning into Pearl Street we follow it to its end at Atlantic Avenue, where is the "Tea Party" site. Along the way we cross High Street, and looking down this street eastward we see in the distance the poplar trees of Fort Hill Square, which marks the site of Fort Hill, one of the three original hillsof Boston, which was leveledin 1867-1872. Thehill got its name from the fort which was erected on its summit in 1632, the first fort on the peninsula. It was then at the eastern extremity of the town, directly opposite the harbor. In the second fort here, built in 1687, Andros took refuge at the time of the revolution which overthrew his government. The "Tea Party Wharf" was near the western line of the present Atlantic Avenue, close by Pearl Street. The tablet which we see on 54 THE NORTH END the avenue front of the building occupying the northern corner of the two streets marks the site as nearly as possible. The inscription, beneath the model of a tea ship, tells the story of the party concisely: Here formerly stood GRIFFIN'S WHARF at which lay moored on Dec. 16, 1773, three British ships with cargoes of tea. To defeat King George's trivial but tyrannical tax of three pence a pound, about ninety citizens of Boston, partly disguised as Indians, boarded the ships, threw the cargoes, three hun- dred and forty-two chests in all, into the sea, and made the world ring with the patriotic exploit of the BOSTON TEA PARTY. " No, ne'er was mingled such a draught In palace, hall, or arbor, As. freemen brewed and tyrants quaffed That night in Boston Harbor." At this point we can take a surface car or, by walking to the next station northward, an elevated train, and ride to the North End for our exploration of that quarter. It is better, however, to take a south- bound car and return by way of Dewey Square (passing the South Station) and Summer Street to Washington Street, making our entry into the North End by the customary route from Scollay Square. 2. The North End The North End (see Plate III), though now bereft of many of the landmarks that once gave it an antique flavor and a peculiar charm to seekers of things old and historic, is yet a quarter to which the much- worn term " unique " may justly be applied. There still remain a few landmarks of great interest, and " historic sites " abound in this small and compact district. The first "court end" of the town, where the gentry had their fine mansions beside the many quaint humbler houses of the early Colonial period, it is now the foreign quarter of the city, with foreign signs in dingy shops and a swarming population of Rus- sians, Armenians, Israelites, Norwegians, Poles, Italians saluting our ears with a jargon of tongues. GREEN DRAGON TAVERN 55 We approach the North End by way of Hanover Street, which runs from Scollay Square to the Chelsea Ferry on the water front. At Uuioji Street, the cross street next below Washington Street extension, we come to two historic sites of first importance. One is the site of the Green Dragon Tavern, the "headquarters of the Revo- lution." This stood on Union Street, a few steps off from the left side of Hanover Street. The spot is marked by a business building, on the face of which is an old effigy of the tavern sign, — a sheet-copper, green-painted representation of a creature of forked tongue and curled tail, couched upon an iron crane projecting over the entrance door of No. 84. The tavern existed from 1680 or thereabouts, through colonial, pro- vincial, and Republican days, till the eighteen twenties, when the lane which bore its name was widened to form the present street. The Union tunnel station is now here. It was at the Green Dragon that the prerevo- lutionary leaders held their secret councils and formed their plans of campaign. Here the Tea Party originated. It was the rendezvous of the night patrol of Boston Mechanics, instituted to keep watch upon the British and Tory movements. It was the chief meeting place of the " North End Corcus," one of the three clubs composed of patriot leaders and followers, which added the word " caucus " to our political nomenclature. It was also the first Free Masons' hall, the pioneer St. Andrews Lodge having been organized here in 1752, and in 1769 the first Grand Lodge of the Province, with Dr. Joseph Warren as Grand Master and Paul Revere a subordinate officer. The other site is that of Josiah Franklin's dwelling and chandlery shop, at "the sign of the Blue Ball," the boyhood home of Benjamin Franklin, where he worked for his father at candle-making and tended the shop. Near by was the " salt marsh " by the Mill Pond, on the edge of which he fished for minnows. The " Blue Ball" stood near the south- east comer of the junction of Union and Hanover streets. It held its place till the middle of the nineteenth century, when it was demolished in the widening of Hanover Street at this point. Its site is included in the street way. A stone's throw up Union Street (eastward) Marshall's Lane (now officially called street) opens from the left side, — one of the alleys or "short cuts" of old Boston, through which we must pass. It will bring 5 6 « BOSTON STONE, 1737" us back to Hanover Street close to the cross street next below Union Street. As we enter Marshall's Lane from Union Street we cannot fail to notice the low-browed brick building of eighteenth-century fashion which occupies the upper comer of the lane and street. This is inter- esting as the place where Benjamin Thompson of Wobnm, who became Sir Benjamin Thompson and then Count Rumford, was a clerk or apprentice in his youth in Hopestill Capen's shop, selling imported stuffs to the fashionable folk of the provincial town. At the outbreak of the Revolution the Massachusetts Spy, afterward of Worcester, was printed on the upper floor of this building. Soon our lane makes a junction with another, — Creek Lane, which originally led to the Mill Creek, where is now Blackstone Street, as Marshall's Lane first led to the Mill Bridge across the creek. Here we see set against the base of a building a rough piece of stone with a spherical one on top of it marked "Boston Stone, 1737." This is only the relic of a paint mill which a painter brought out from England about 1700 and used in his shop close by. Perhaps he was Tom Child by name, to whom Sewall alludes in his diary: "Nov. 10, 1706. This morning Tom Child the Painter died." The monument was set up here some time after the painter's day, in imitation of the London Stone, to serve as a direction for shops in the neighborhood. A similar guide post, called the Union Stone, stood for some years at the entrance of the lane by Hopestill Capen's shop. In the front of the building at the outlet of the lane, on Hanover Street, is a carved reproduction of the London Painters' Guild, which is said to have been the sign of the painter who used the " Boston Stone." Opposite this monument we see, in the worn old structure on the corner of Creek Lane, the office of Ebenezer Hancock (brother of John Hancock), deputy paymaster general of the Continental army, where were deposited the funds in French crowns brought out by d'Estaing from America's ally, the king of France, which went to pay the arrears of the officers of the Continental line. The block beyond, facing Creek Lane, is a remnant of " Hancock Row," built for stores by John Hancock after the peace. Again on Hanover Street, we cross to the other side and enter Salem Street, which starts off obliquely from Hanover Street and then runs parallel with it. Now we are fairly within the North End. It is a curious street, with strange denizens. In early Colony days it was fair Green Lane, upon which it was the dream of prospering Bostonians to live. At the corner of Stillman Street is the site of the first Baptist meeting- house, erected in 1679, on tne holder of the open Mill Pond then on this IN AND ABOUT NORTH SQUARE 57 side. This was the meetinghouse which was closed against the pro- scribed sect and its doors nailed up in 1680 by order of the court; when the undaunted society held their services in the meetinghouse yard. Its descendant is the present First Baptist Church on Common- wealth Avenue, Back Bay. Prince Street, intersecting Salem Street mid- way, preserves more of the old-time aspect than other streets of the quarter. This street (first in part Black Horse Lane) was the direct way from the North End to the Charlestown ferry (where is now the Charlestown Bridge), and after the battle of Bunker Hill numbers of the wounded British were brought here to houses which were turned into temporary hospitals. The most important of these emergency hos- pitals was a fine new house near the lower end of Prince Street at the comer of Lafayette Street. This remained until the end of the nine- teenth century, being occupied for some years by a grandson of one of the Boston Tea Party. Another on Prince Street, nearer Salem Street, is the so-called Stoddard house, a narrow brick dwelling, still standing (No. 130). It is said that Major Pitcairn was brought to this house and died here from his wounds. On the westerly corner of Prince and Margaret streets is the house where long lived John Tileston, the school master, the rigid but beloved master for two thirds of a century of the oldest North End school, which became the Eliot School. In and about North Square. Taking Prince Street at the right we cross Hanover Street and enter North Square. This squalid trian- gular inclosure was the central point of the North End in its " elegant " days, when it was adorned with trees and dignified by neighboring mansions. It is now the heart of the Italian colony. At its outlet upon North Street is the one landmark here of historic value. This is the little low house of wood, hedged in by ambitious modem structures, marked as the home of Paul Revere. It was the versatile patriot's dwelling from about 1770 through the Revolution and until 1800, when, having prospered in his foundry, he bought a finer house on Charter Street near by and there spent the remainder of his days. This North Square house was old when Revere moved into it from his earlier home on North Street (then Fish Street). It was built soon after the great fire of 1676 in place of Increase Mather's house, the parsonage of the North Church, which went down with the meetinghouse in that disaster. It was in the upper windows of this North Square house that on the evening of the Boston Massacre Revere displayed those awful illustrated pictures which, we read, struck the assembly of spectators " with solemn silence," while " their countenances were covered with a melancholy gloom." And well might they have shuddered. In the middle window appeared a realistic view of the 58 OLD NORTH CHURCH " massacre." In the north window was shown the " Genius of Liberty," a sitting figure holding aloft a liberty cap and trampling under foot a soldier hugging a serpent, the emblem of military tyranny. In the south window was an obelisk displaying the names of the five victims, in front of which was a bust of the boy Snider, killed a few days before the " massacre " in a struggle before a Tory shop which had been " marked " as one not to be patronized ; and behind the bust a shadowy, gory figure, with these lines beneath: Snider's pale ghost fresh bleeding stands And Vengeance for his death demands. Just below this house, at about the corner of North and Richmond streets, stood the Red Lion Inn of early Colony days, kept by Nicholas Upsall, befriender of the proscribed Quakers, — the " Upsall gray with his length of days" of the "King's Missive," — who suffered banish- ment and imprisonment for his friendly acts. On Richmond Street was the birthplace of Charlotte Cushman (bom 1S16), whose name is perpetuated in the Cushman School near by. At the head of the square, on the north side, is the site of the Old North Church, which the British pulled down and used for firewood during the Siege. It stood between Garden Court and Moon streets. It was the second meetinghouse of the Second Church in Boston (instituted in 1649), built upon the ruins of the first one, burned in the fire of 1676. It became popularly known as the Church of the Mathers, from Increase, Cotton, son of Increase, and Samuel, son of Cotton Mather, successively its ministers. In the prerevolutionary period John Lathrop, a stanch patriot, was its minister, and it was the church which Revere attended. After the Revolution the lot upon which it had stood was set apart for the dwelling of Mr. Lathrop (who continued the minister till his death in 1816), and the society acquired the " New Brick Church " in the near neighborhood on Hanover Street, the successor of which was the Cockerel Church, so called from a copper weathercock which crowned its steeple — still another piece of "Deacon" Shem Drowne's clever work — and is now still doing service on the steeple of the Shepard Memorial Church in Cambridge. Mr. Lathrop's house on the old church lot was large and comfortable in appearance, with a row of poplars in the front yard, and on the Moon Street corner a weeping willow. These were all blown down in the destructive September gale of 18 15. The latest descendant of the Old North was an ivy-clad church on Copley Square, standing till 191 2, but now a business structure. Ralph Waldo Emerson was minister of the Second Church from 1829 to 1832. In Garden Court Street stood the stately mansion of Governor Thomas Hutchinson (his birthplace), which was sacked and partly destroyed with much of its contents by the anti-Stamp-Act mob on the night of CHRIST CHURCH AND COPP'S HILL 59 August 26, 1765. It was a house of generous proportions, built of brick, painted "stone color," and set in ample grounds, the garden extending on one side to Fleet Street and back to Hanover Street. The interior was rich in finish and adornments. It is well pictured, although with fanciful touches, in Lydia Maria Child's early his- torical romance, " The Rebels, A Tale of the Revolution," published in 1852. It was here that Hutchinson w T rote his "History of Massachusetts." The first volume was published in 1764. When the house was pillaged the second volume lay in the rich library in manuscript almost ready for the press. It was thrown out with other precious books and papers, and " left lying in the street for several hours in a soaking rain." But most fortunately all but a few sheets were carefully collected and saved by the Rev. Andrew Eliot, minister of the "New North" Church, living near by on Hanover Street, and the author was enabled to transcribe the whole and publish it two years later. Hutchinson and his family made their hurried escape from the house just before the mob reached it, finding refuge in neighboring dwellings. Hutchinson was first harbored in Samuel Mather's house on Moon Street, but was obliged to seek another refuge to avoid the threatening mob. Also occupying Garden Court Street with the Hutchinson house, and of similar elegance, was the Clark-Frankland mansion, so called from William Clark, a rich merchant who built it, and Sir Harry Frankland, who afterward lived in it. J. Fenimore Cooper pictured this house in " Lionel Lincoln," in his description of the residence of " Mrs. Lech- mere," which he placed on Tremont Street ; and Edwin L. Bynner por- trayed it in his novel of "Agnes Surriage." Both of these mansions lingered in picturesque decay till the thirties of the nineteenth century, when the Bell Alley entrance to the square was widened into Prince Street. During the Siege North Square was a military rendezvous with bar- racks for the soldiers, their officers occupying the comfortable dwellings about it. The building on the east side by Moon Street, now an Italian church, was originally '•'Father Taylor's Bethel" a sailors' church, built in the early part of the nineteenth century, long conducted by the Rev. Edward T. Taylor, one of nature's orators and a born minister to seafaring men. Christ Church and Copp's Hill. Now we return to Salem Street, cross- ing Hanover Street and passing through North Bennet or Tileston Street, either of which will bring us close to Christ Church and Copp's Hill, the predominating historic features of the North End to-day. As we cross Hanover Street we should give a glance at a little low house crowded back from the street line (a second story and roof above a 6o CHRIST CHURCH projecting store) on the west side, just below North Rennet Street. This is a remnant of the Mather-Eliot house built in 1677 by Increase Mather after the fire in North Square (see p. 57), and occupied by him till his death in 1723; and afterward long the home of Andrew Eliot and his son, John Eliot, ministers successively of the New North Church. On North Bennet Street was the first grammar school in the north part of the town, established in 17 13, and on Tileston Street (named for the old schoolmaster), the first writing school, begun in 1 7 18. This street was at that time Love Lane, so called not from sentiment but from a family by the name of Love who owned property about it. The fine municipal buildings now occupying North Rennet Street are the North End Branch Library and the public Bath House and Gymnasium. Christ Church is the oldest church edifice now standing in Roston, older by six years than the Old South, and by thirty years than King's Chapel. It was the second Episcopal church established in Roston. The comer stone w r as laid in April, 1723, when the Rev. Samuel Myles, then rector of King's Chapel, officiated, accompanied, says the record, "by the gentlemen of his congregation." The ceremony closed with the prayer, " May the gates of Hell never prevail against it." It was certainly built well to withstand the assaults of time. The stone side walls are two and a half feet thick, and the construction throughout is substantial. The brick tower is of four floors. The first spire was described as the " most elegant in the town." That was blown down in a gale in October, 1S05, but the present one, erected three years later, is said to be a faithful copy of it, preserving its proportions and symmetry. This tower has additional interest in that it was made from a model by Bulfinch. The tower chimes of eight bells, still the most melodious of any in the city, were first hung in 1744. Each bell has an inter- esting inscription. The tablet on the tower front bears this familiar legend: The signal lanterns of Paul Revere displayed in the steeple of this church April 18, 7775, warned the country of the march of the British troops to Lexington and Concord. Christ Church, Salem Street ciirist church 61 This tablet was set in 1S7S, the statement it conveys being substan- tiated by several local historical authorities. Other recognized authori- ties, chief among them Richard Frothingham, the historian of the Siege of Boston, place these signal lanterns on the tower of the true Old North Church — the meetinghouse in North Square which the British destroyed. That Gage witnessed the battle of Bunker Hill from this tower is an undisputed statement. The interior of the church retains much of the old-time aspect. Among the mural ornaments is Houdon's bust of Washington, the first monumental effigy of Washington set up in the country. It was placed here only ten years after Washington's death. The figures of the cher- ubim in front of the organ and the brass chandeliers, destined originally for a Canadian convent, were given to the church in 1758 by the master of an English privateer, who captured them from a French ship on the high seas. An ancient "Vinegar Bible" and the old prayer books are still in use. The silver communion service includes several pieces bear- ing the royal arms, which were gifts from George II in 1733, at the instance of the royal Governor Belcher. The clock below the rail has been in place since 1746. Beneath the tower are old tombs. In one of them Major Pitcairn was temporarily buried. Some years later, when his monument was erected in Westminster Abbey and his English relatives sent for his remains, a box said to contain them was duly forwarded, but the grewsome tale is told that the sexton was not sure of his identification. In 191 2 the church was restored to its ancient appearance, and Bishop Lawrence became rector. Open to visitors ; fee, twenty-five cents. A block above, at the comer of Salem and Sheafe streets, is the site of the home of Robert Newman. He was the sexton of Christ Church in 1775 who, according to the tradition that its steeple was the place of the Revere signals, hung them out at the instance of John Puling, a warden of the church, and in Revere's confidence. At the time British officers were quartered in this house upon the Newihan family. It stood until 1SS9. Near by, on Sheafe Street, was the birthplace of the Rev. Samuel F. Smith, author of " America." Up Hull Street, opening directly opposite Christ Church, a few steps bring us to the main gate of Copp's Hill Burying Ground, — a mob of youthful guides of both sexes and various nationalities pressing us along the way, rattling off with glib tongue the " features " of the region, and offering to show them, all and several, for a nickel. Hull Street per- petuates the name of John Hull, the maker of the pine-tree shillings. It was originally cut through Hull's pasture (in 1701), and the land for it was given by his daughter Hannah and Judge Sewall, her husband, 62 COPP'S HILL on the happy condition that it should retain this name "forever." Of the few old houses permitted to remain here, but one need engage our attention. This one is on the south side, distinguished from its neigh- bors in standing endwise to the street. It is the Galloupe, or Gallop, house, so called, dating from 1722, which Gage's staff made their head- quarters during the battle of Bunker Hill. The Gallops who occupied it through two generations were lineal descendants of Captain John Gallop, the earliest pilot in Boston Harbor, among the " first comers " of 1630, for whom Gallop's Island in the harbor is named. He also lived in the North End, " near the shore, where his boat could ride safely at anchor." In the Copp's Hill of to-day we see only a small remnant of the original eminence, the northernmost of the three hills of the penin- sula upon ^which Boston was planted. It now consists of an embank- ment left after cuttings of the hill, protected on its steepest sides by a high stone wall. At the time of the battle of Bunker Hill, when its summit was occupied by the British battery whose shot, under the direction of Burgoyne and Clinton, set Charlestown on fire, it termi- nated abruptly on the northwest side, opposite Charlestown, in a high cliff. This battery stood near the southwest corner of the burying ground on land afterward cut down. Perhaps its site was the same as that of the windmill of a century earlier, brought over from Cambridge and set up here in 1653, to "grind the settlers' corn," thereby giving the hill its first name of " Windmill Hill." It got its name of Copp's from William Copp, an industrious cobbler, one of the first settlers, who owned a house and lot on its southeast corner near Prince Street. The burying ground, which now goes under the general name of Copp's Hill, really comprises four cemeteries of different periods : the North Burial Ground (established in 1660, the same year as the Granary Burying Ground); the Hull Street (1707); the New North (1809); and the Charter Street (1819). The oldest section is the northeasterly part of the inclosure. It is the largest of the historic burying grounds of the city, and is especially cherished as a picturesque breathing place in a squalid quarter, as well as for its associations. Among the noted graves or tombs which we may find here are those of the Revs. Increase, Cotton, and Samuel Mather; of Nicholas Upsall, the persecuted friend of the Quakers ; Deacon Siiem Drowne, the " cunning artificer " ; the Rev. Jesse Lee, early preacher of Methodism in Boston, his first church being the Common, where Whitefield had preached fifty years before ; the Rev. Francis W. P. Greenwood, rector of King's Chapel 1824-1843; and Edmund Hartt, the builder of the COPP'S HILL 63 frigate Constitution. The tomb of the Mathers is near the Charter Street gate. A large memorial stone with bullet marks on its face attracts attention. It stands, as the inscription states, above the "stone grave ten feet deep," of " Capt. Daniel Malcom, mercht, who departed this life October 23d 1769 aged 44 years: a true Son of Liberty, a Friend to the Public, an Enemy of Oppression, and One of the foremost in opposing the Revenue Acts in America." This stone was a favorite target with the British soldiers quartered in the neighborhood during the Siege, and the bullet marks were made by them. Another stone, which stands toward the northwest angle of the ground, is also curiously marked. This commemorates " Capt Thomas Lake, aged 61 yeeres, an eminently faithful servant of God & one of a public spirit," who was " perfidiovsly slain by ye Indians at Kennibeck, Avgvst ye 14th 1676, & here interred the 13 of March following." A deep slit is across its face, into which the bullets taken from the captain's body were poured after being melted. The lead was long ago all chipped out by vandals. Captain Lake was a commander of the Ancient and Honorable Artil- lery Company in 1662 and 1674. Near the middle of the ground is the triple gravestone of George Worthylake, first keeper of Boston Light in the harbor, his wife and their daughter, all drowned while coming up to town in his boat one day in 17 18 — the mournful event that inspired Franklin's boyhood ballad of "The Lighthouse Tragedy" (see p. 17). A notable monument is to Major Samuel Shaw, a Revolutionary sol- dier, ancestor of Robert Gould Shaw. There are a number of vaults bearing sculptured slabs and heraldic devices. Here, as in the other old burying grounds, acts of vandalism have been committed in the past in the removal of several stones from their proper places, while sacrilegious hands have changed the dates on some tablets by transforming a 9 into a 2, as in 1620 for 1690, or 1625 for 1695. Others have taken stones away and utilized them in chimneys or drains, and two or three tombs have been desecrated by the substitution of other names for the rightful ones upon them. The treatment of the tomb of the Hutchinsons with its armorial bearings, where were deposited the remains of Elisha and Thomas Hutchinson, grandfather and father, respectively, of Governor Hutchinson, has been cited 1 as a flagrant case of this sort. In place of Hutchinson has been cut the name of Lewis, while the honored dust of these Hutchinsons is said to have been "scattered before the four winds of heaven." It appears, however, from researches made in 1906 by a loyal descendant of Thomas Lewis, that this tomb was duly sold to him in 1807 by a granddaughter of Thomas Hutchinson, the deed of record bearing the signature of 1 Bridgman's " Memorials of the Dead in Boston," 1852. 6 4 COPP'S HILL TERRACES Hannah (Mather) Crocker, a daughter of Rev. Samuel Mather and his wife, Thomas Hutchinson's daughter. It further appears that the Hutchinson bones lay in a corner of the tomb till between 1S24 and 1825, when a grandson of Thomas Lewis caused them to be placed in a suitable box. Thomas Lewis was a deacon of the Second Church. A corner of the inclosure by Snowhill Street was originally used for the burial of slaves. Near the Charter Street gate is the " Napoleon willow," grown from a slip from the tree at Napoleon's grave. Copp's Hill Terraces, back of the burying ground, on Charter Street, extending down to Commercial Street, with the North End Park and Beach on the water front beyond, finish up rarely this fine open space. The terraces and the park are parts of the be- neficent Boston City Parks System. With a short stroll along Charter Street back to Hanover Street and across to the water front, our survey of the North End finishes. Charter Street got its name in 1708 from the Prov- North Station, Causeway Street ince Charter of 1692. Before that the street was a lane, and the lane w T as associated with the Colony Charter, for it is said that that docu- ment was hidden during the troublous days of 1681 in the house of John Foster, which stood at the corner of this and Foster Lane (now Street). On the westerly corner of Charter and Salem streets Sir William P/iips, the first royal governor, built his brick mansion house when he became prosperous, thus fulfilling his dream, when a poor ship carpenter, of some day living on " the Green Lane of North Bos- ton." Where is now Revere Place, off Charter Street near Hanover, was Paul Revere's last home. On Foster Street was his foundry. Taking Battery Street from Hanover Street, we pass to Atlantic Avenue and North Battery Wharf, the site of the North Battery. Constitution Wharf, the next wharf north, marks the site of Hartt's shipbuilding yard where "Old Ironsides" was built; also the frigate Boston. Lewis's Wharf, southward, opposite the foot of Fleet Street, THE CHARLESTOWN DISTRICT 65 marks in part (its north side) the site of Hancock's Wharf, upon which were Hancock's warehouses. On Atlantic Avenue we can take an elevated train at the Battery Street station (or surface cars, if we prefer) and return to our starting point at Scollay Square. 3. The Charlestown District The trip to Charlestown naturally follows the exploration of the North End. If we start from the latter quarter, taking an elevated train north (Battery Street station), we change at the North Station station to a Sullivan Square train. If, however, we elect to go from the business quarters, we have a choice of various trolley lines besides the elevated: some in the Subway (from Scollay Square or Park Street stations), others on the surface, several of the latter passing through Adams Square. The Chelsea cars pass by the Navy Yard. The elevated tracks, and surface tracks under them, pass over the new Charlestown Bridge (completed in 190P; composed of steel and stone; 1900 feet long, including the approaches, and 100 feet wide; draw operated by electricity; cost $1,400,000; built by the city of Boston). Trolley lines also cross the Warren Bridge. All the "features" of Charlestown can be included within the com- pass of a short walk. Chief of them, of course, is Bunker Hill Monument. This is only a block from the second station of the elevated line in the district, — Thompson Square (the first station being City Square, at the end of Charlestown Bridge), — and about a ten-minute walk from City Square. The United States Navy Yard (established in 1800), occupying "Moulton's Point," the spot where the British troops landed for the battle, is next in popular interest. The main gate is at the junction of Wapping and Water streets, and Water Street opens from City Square. The yard is open daily to visitors, admitted by passes which are to be obtained at the main gate. It is an inclosure of nearly ninety acres, attractively laid out, and with many interesting features. The marine museum and naval library occupy the oldest building in the grounds near the entrance gate. Another near-by point of interest is Winthrop Square (about a five-minute walk from City Square), the early Colonial training field, where are memorial tablets bearing the names of the Americans who fell in the battle of Bunker Hill ; also a Soldiers' Monu- ment (Civil War) by Martin Milmore, sculptor of the soldiers' monument on Boston Common. On Phipps Street, off Main Street, west side, near Thompson Square station of the elevated line, is the ancient 66 CHARLESTOWN DISTRICT burying ground in which is the monument to John Harvard, the first benefactor of Harvard College, designed by Solomon Willard and erected by graduates of the college in 1828. City Square and "Town Hill," which rises on its west side behind the municipal building (the City Hall when Charlestown was an independent city) are the parts in which the first settlement was made by the colonists in 1629. The "Great House" of the governor, in which the Court of Assistants adopted the order giving Boston its name in 1630, stood on the west side of the square. The dwelling of the young minister, John Harvard, stood near the opening of Main Street, his lot extending back over the slope of " Town Hill." The "spreading oak" beneath which the first church, which became the first church of Boston, was organized by Winthrop and his associates, was on the east- erly slope of this hill. The first " palisadoed" fort, set up in 1629 and lasting for more than half a century, was on its summit. The first bury- ing ground, where it is supposed was the grave of John Harvard, all traces of which long ago disappeared, was near its foot, toward the northern end of the square. The present church on the hill, facing Harvard Street, is the lineal descendant of the first meetinghouse of the Charlestown Church, organ- ized in 1632. An earlier church, on the same spot, w T as from 1789 to 182 1 the pulpit of Rev. Jedidiah Morse, author of the first geography of the United States, deserving of remembrance more especially as the father of Samuel F. B. Morse, the inventor of the electric telegraph and noted in art. When his distinguished son was bom, Mr. Morse was living temporarily in the house of a parishioner, Thomas Edes, the par- sonage near the church being in building. This house is still standing, worn and dingy now, but preserved as the birthplace of Morse. We may see it on Main Street, above the Thompson Square station, marked with a tablet: "Here was bom Samuel Finley Morse, 27 April 1791, inventor of the electric telegraph." The room was the front chamber of the second stoiy on the right of the entrance door. This house was the first dwelling erected after the burning of the town in the battle of Bunker Hill. Bunker Hill Monument is on Breed's Hill, where the battle was fought. Monument Avenue, from Main Street, leads to the principal entrance of the monument grounds. In the main path we are confronted with the spirited statue of Colonel William Prescott in bronze, representing the American commander repressing his impatient men, as the enemy advances up the hill, with the warning words : " Don't fire till I tell you ! Don't fire till you see the whites of their eyes ! " This statue is by William W. Story, and was erected by the Bunker Dill Monument BUNKER HILL MONUMENT 67 Association in 1881. It is inscribed simply with Prescott's name and the date, "June 17, 1775." It stands on or close to the spot where Prescott stood at the opening of the battle when he gave the signal to fire by waving his sword ; but the statue faces in a different direction. The obelisk occupies the southeast comer of the American redoubt, and its sides are parallel with those of that structure, which was about eight rods square. It is built in courses of granite, the stone coming from a quarry in Quincy, whence it was carried to the shipping point by the first railroad laid in the country. It is thirty feet square at the base and two hundred and twenty feet high. Inside the shaft is a hollow cone, around which winds a spiral flight of stone steps, by which ascent is made to the top. Here is an observ- atory, seventeen feet high and eleven feet in diameter, with windows on each side. Before attempting the climb the visitor should consider the task. The steps number nearly three hundred, — to be exact, two hundred and ninety-five. There is reward, however, for the exertion when the summit is reached, in the magnificent view which it commands in every direction. The stone lodge at the base of the obelisk con- tains an interesting museum of memorials of the battle and a fine marble statue of General Joseph Warren by Henry Dexter (dedicated June 17, 1857). The spot where Warren fell is marked by a low stone in the ground. The monument was begun in 1825, when the corner stone was formally laid by Lafayette, under the direction of the Massachusetts Grand Lodge of Masons, and Bunker Hill Daniel Webster delivered the oration. It remained Monument unfinished for nearly twenty years. Then, in 1840, largely through the efforts of American women, the required funds for its completion were raised. In July, 1842, the last stone was hoisted to its place, one of the workmen riding up on it and waving an American flag. When it was finally laid in cement the event was announced by a national salute. The com- pleted structure was dedicated on the 17th of June, 1843, when Webster was again the orator, and President Tyler with members of his cabinet was present. In the great throng that gathered on this occasion were a few survivors of the battle. The sculptor Greenough devised the monument, and Solomon Willard was the architect who superintended its construction. 68 WEST END Bunker Hill lies to the northward of Breed's Hill, toward Charles- town Neck, where the Elevated line ends. Its summit, higher than Breed's Hill, is occupied by " Charlestown Heights," overlooking the Mystic River, one of the most attractive of the Boston City Parks System. On Walker Street, on this hill, a short street extending from Main up to Wall Street, is still standing the house where Thomas Ball, the sculptor, was born. 4. The West End The West End (see Plate II) comprises that quarter of the city which lies north of the Common and between Beacon, Tremont, and Court streets, Bowdoin Square, Green Street and so northwest to the Charles River, and Charles Street to Beacon Street at the foot of the Common. It thus includes all of Beacon Hill. It is a fading quarter now, with a number of old Boston institutions, some mellow old streets, others in hopeless decay, and numerous landmarks, especially of literary Boston. In its better parts it retains more distinctly than any other quarter of the city the genuine Boston flavor. The most interesting part is the Beacon Hill section. We have seen its southern boundary in the fine line of Beacon Street architecture opposite the Common from the State House to Charles Street. Let us enter it, therefore, above Beacon Street, — from the State House Park through the archway to Mt. Vernon Street. Although " The Hill," as this was called in its proud days, par excel- lence, is not the oldest part of the West End, it has been from its upbuilding the choicest, and accordingly its associations are the richest. Up to the Revolution it was largely a region of fields and pastures. Until near the opening of the nineteenth century there were but two houses on the Beacon Street slope west of the Hancock mansion. The greater part of the territory below the Hancock holdings was the domain of John Singleton Copley, the painter (after his fortunate marriage), from about 1769 to 1795. Tne bounds of this "farm," as Copley called it, although it was chiefly pasture land, are indicated generally by the present Mt. Vernon and Pinckney streets on the north, Walnut Street on the east, the Common south, and the Charles River west. It included the homestead lot of the first European settler, William Blaxton, — he who was here before the Winthrop company, — with the "excellent spring" of which he "acquainted" the governor when he invited him hither. It was the acquisition of the Hancock pasture for the new State House, — the Bulfinch Front, — in 1795, tnat g ave the impulse to the development in this quarter. Then a " syndicate " purchased the HANCOCK, MT. VERNON, AND JOY STREETS 69 Copley estate at a bargain (Copley was at that time living in England), and in the course of a few years these now old streets appeared, built up substantially, in place of the Copley pastures and adjoining proper- ties. A half-century after it was remarked that on " the Copley estate live, or have lived, a large proportion of those most distinguished among us for intellect and learning or for enterprise, wealth and public spirit." On Mt. Vernon Street from the archway we are passing through what were the Hancock gardens. Hancock Street, coming up the hillside at our right, is the oldest of the streets here. It originally ran by the side of the peak of Beacon Hill over to the Common. It was given the governor's name in 1788. Near its foot, on the east side, is the Sumner house (No. 20) in which Charles Sumner lived from 1830 to 1867. Along the same side, extending from Deme Street nearly up to Mt. Vernon Street, stood from 1849 to 1S84 the Beacon Hill Reservoir, a massive granite structure with lofty arches piercing its front walls, notable as a superior piece of architecture. Its service as a distributing reservoir closed some time before its removal, clearing the way for the State House Annex. Joy Street, the first to cross Mt. Vemon, is next to Hancock Street in age. It used to be Belknap Street, the principal way to the negro quar- ters on the north slope of the hill. Midway in its descent to Cambridge Street a dingy court opens, Smith by name, in which is a landmark of antislavery days. This is the brick meetinghouse erected for the first African church (built in 1806), now a Jewish synagogue, which was used for abolition meetings. It was after a meeting held here on the evening of December 3, i860, commemorating the execution of John Brown, that Wendell Phillips was assisted to his home, then on Essex Street, by a Volunteer guard of forty young men with locked arms, pressed closely by a threatening mob. At the fairer end of this street, near Beacon Street, is the Diocesan House (1 Joy Street), the headquarters of the Protestant Episcopal Church. Here are the offices of various church organiza- tions, the parlors of the Episcopal Church Association, and the library. Above (Nos. 3 and 4) are the houses of the Twentieth Century Club, which concerns itself with many reforms, and of the Massachusetts Civic League. As we proceed along Mt. Vernon Street, which grows in old-fashioned stateliness as it advances over the hill, we come upon a succession of houses with an interesting past. No. 49, on the north side, was long the home of Lemuel Shaw, chief justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court for thirty years (1830-1860). Its near neighbor (No. 53), now the house of the General Theological Library, was once the dwelling of a merchant of distinction. The library which has succeeded it is an unsectarian institution established since i860, for the purpose of JO WEST END "promoting religious and theological learning," having a collection of 22,000 volumes and some 5,000 pamphlets. It is a special library of standard and current theological books, that term being used in its broad sense to cover works on sociology, philosophy, comparative religions, and archaeological research. Its books are free to all New England clergymen ; and beyond " Greater Boston " they are furnished through the local public libraries. The head of the stately row of houses beyond, set back thirty feet from the street (No. 57), was the town house of Charles Francis Adams, Sr., during the latter years of his life. The next one in this row (No. 59), with its classic doorway, is most interesting as the last home of Thomas Bailey Aldrich, and associated with his ripest work. No. 65, transformed into an apartment house, so, unhappily, breaking the sym- metry of the row, was formerly the home of Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, where some of his most notable historical writing was done. No. 79 was the home of Horace Gray during his long service on the Supreme bench of the State as justice and chief justice, before he was made a justice of the United States Supreme Court. The last house of the row (No. S3) was the last Boston home of William Ellery Channing, whose study here was the " Mecca of all sorts and conditions of men." On the opposite side of the street the ornate brownstone houses with lofty entrances, now the Theological School of Boston University, were hospitable mansions erected in the fifties of the last century by the brothers John E. and Nathaniel Thayer, eminent merchants of their time and benefactors of Harvard University. No. 76, just below, was the home of Margaret Deland for a number of years, during the period marked by her " Philip and His Wife." No. 88, on the lower corner of little Willow Street (which connecting, nearly, with another little street across Chestnut Street provides a "short cut" to the Common), was once the home of Enoch Train, the projector of the line of fast clipper ships to Liverpool, fine craft which came into successful competition with the early ocean steamships. He was the father of Mrs. A. D. T. Whitney of Milton, the favorite writer of girls' stories. No. 92 was the home and studio of Anne Whitney during the years that she was model- ing some of her most notable statues — the Samuel Adams (see p. 15) and the Leif Ericson (see p. 79) among them. Louis burg Square, with its inclosed park of lofty trees and diminutive Italian marble statues of Aristides and Columbus at either end, sug- gestive of old London residential squares, connects Mt. Vernon with Pinckney Street, the latter with an air of shabby gentility yet borne with decorum. Blaxton's spring is believed to have been in the middle of PINCKNEY STREET 71 this square. The point is disputed by local historians, the popular location being in Spring Lane, north of the Old South Meetinghouse; but the evidence in support of the Louisburg Square situation is accepted as conclusive by most authorities. The matter, however, is not of moment, for the town was full of springs when Blaxton "solicited" Winthrop hither. Blaxton's orchard spread back up the hill slope toward this square. His homestead lot of six acres, reserved after his sale of the whole peninsula to the colonists for thirty pounds, occupied the northwesterly slope of the hill, bounded southerly toward the Common and westerly on Charles River, the water's edge then being at the present Charles Street. His cottage, with its rose garden, was on the hill slope toward the Common, between the present Spruce and Charles streets. He moored his boat on the river, presumably at a point which jutted out from the bluff in which the hill ended, on the Charles Street side. At No. 10 Louisburg Square was the last Boston home of Louisa M. Alcott, where her remarkable father, A. Bronson Alcott, died (1888) in his eighty-ninth year ; her own death following the day of his funeral. No. 4 was the home of William D. Howells in the late eighteen-seventies, when he was a Bostonian editing the Atlantic. No. 20 is interesting as the house where Jennie Lind was married in 1852. On the upper corner of the square and Pinckney Street are the main house and the chapel of the Sisterhood of St. Margaret, Protestant Episcopal, where is St. Margaret's Hospital, one of the most worthy institutions of the city. At No. 5, this side, lived John Gorham Palfrey, the historian, in the eighteen-sixties. Pinckney Street extends from Joy Street to the river, with but two streets crossing it. At the upper end was for forty years the home of Edwin P. Whipple, the essayist: the plain brick house, No. 11. Lower down, on the opposite side, the house No. 20 was the home of the Alcott family in the fifties of the last century, the scene of Louisa M. Alcott's early struggle in authorship mingled with domestic occupations. At No. 54, nearly opposite the opening of Anderson Street, was the early home of George S. Hillard, lawyer, critic, essayist, remembered especially through his " Hillard's Readers" of the mid eighteen-fifties. From this house Hawthorne in 1842 wrote his little note to the Rev. James Freeman Clarke requesting " the greatest favor which I can receive from any man," — the performance of the ceremony of his marriage to Sophia Peabody. Hillard lived for a much longer period at No. 62. On the lower slope of the street, below the square, at No. 84, was the first Boston home of Aldrich after his marriage, where Longfellow got the inspiration for "The Hanging of the Crane." The " Story of a Bad Boy" issued from this house. 72 WEST END On Mt. Vernon Street again we may see just below West Cedar Street the first home of Margaret Deland in this quarter, — No. 112, — where her earlier books were written ; and nearly opposite, at No. 99, the home of John C. Ropes, in his day the authority on Napoleonic literature. By West Cedar Street we cross to Chestnut Street, possessing in its entirety, perhaps, more of the old Boston flavor than the other streets of " The Hill." In the short block of West Cedar Street through which we pass, note should be taken on one side of the town house of Percival Lowell (Xo. 1 1), the astronomer and producer of notable books ; on the other, the former home of Henry C. Merwin (No. 3), the essayist and literary authority on the American horse and the dog, and, at an earlier period, of the poet T. W. Parsons, with his brother-in-law George Lunt ; and, at No. 1, the home of the Harvard Musical Association, organized in 1837 " to promote the progress and knowledge of the best music," and from its establishment a leading factor in the development of musical culture in Boston. Up Chestnut Street on one side and down on the other we shall pass a series of historic houses. No. 50, on the south side, was the town house of Francis Parkman, from 1S64 until his death (1893) identi- fied with the most of his historical work in the preparation of his " France and England in North America." No. 43, nearly opposite, was for upwards of forty years the town house of Richard H. Dana, St., the poet; here he died (1896) at ninety-one. A little way above, the house presenting a side bay to the street (No. 29) was the sometime home of Edwin Booth, the actor. Higher up the street a group of three houses (Nos. 17, 15, and 13) arrest attention as examples of the best type of early nineteenth-century domestic architecture. The first was the long- time home of Cyrus A. Bartol, the " poet preacher " and essayist ; the sec- ond is the ancestral home of Dr. B. Joy Jeffries ; the third was for some years the home of Rev. John T. Sargent, the meeting place of the Radical Club, renowned in its day, which came after the Transcendental Club of wider fame. Mrs. Julia Ward Howe also lived some years in this house. On Walnut Street, where Chestnut Street ends, — or, more properly, begins, — was the historian Motley's boyhood home, in a pleasant house "looking down Chestnut Street," now replaced by a more modern dwelling. At 8 Walnut Street was Parkman's earlier house, from which he removed to 50 Chestnut Street. Returning now to the foot of the hill and taking Charles Street north- ward (once beautified by handsome trees, now all gone save one or two worn remnants), we may pass the Charles Street houses once the homes of Dr. Holmes, James T. Fields, and T. B. Aldrich (Nos. 164, 148, and 131, respectively). On the way we should notice at the foot of Mt. Vernon RIVERBANK 73 Street, corner of Brimmer, the Church of the Advent (Protestant Episco- pal), in the early English style of architecture, with stone tower and steeple. In the tower is a chime of bells. The church organization dates from 1844. No. 26 Brimmer Street is the home of M. A. De Wolfe Howe, editor, biographer, and poet. The old literary homes of Charles Street are near together toward Cambridge Street. Holmes's life at No. 164 was between 1859 and 187 1, covering the period of his " Professor at the Breakfast Table," " Elsie Venner," and " The Guardian Angel,'' his war poems and most noteworthy verses of occasion. Aldrich moved into No. 131 from the Pinckney Street house the year that Holmes moved from the street to 296 Beacon Street. He remained here for about ten years and then moved to the Mt. Vernon Street house. This Charles Street house is identified with his " Marjorie Daw," " Prudence Palfrey," " The Queen of Sheba," and " The Stillwater Tragedy," and the beginning of his editor- ship of the Atlantic Monthly. Fields was the earliest of the three to come to Charles Street, and this re- mained his home until his death (1881). It was longaftermaintained as the town home of Mrs, Annie Fields and Sarah Orne Jewett. The Fields library is one of the richest in authors' manuscripts. It has the complete manuscript of " The Scarlet Letter." The cross streets, Chestnut, Mt. Vernon, Pinckney, and Revere, lead to the Riverbank, the beautiful Esplanade along the Charles River basin, a favorite promenade. The finely designed building on the Chestnut Street corner, facing the Esplanade, is the clubhouse of the Union Boat Club, an organization dating back to 1851. Across Cambridge Street is the Charlesbank, the pleasant park with trees and shrubs and shaded seats, along the river front between the Cambridge and Craigie bridges. It is especially designed for the poorer classes living in the neighborhood. The successive institutions on the opposite side of the street are the County Jail, generally called the Charles Street Jail, the Massachusetts Charlesbank 74 BACK BAY Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary (incorporated 1827), and the Mas- sachusetts General Hospital (incorporated 181 1). The latter fronts on Blossom Street, and embraces a group of noble buildings. The oldest, or central building, with porticoes of Ionic columns and shapely dome, was designed by Bulfinch. In the old operating room the first successful operation upon a patient under the influence of ether was performed in October, 1846, by Dr. J I'. 7\ C. Morion. This event is commemorated by the Ether Monument^ so called, in the Public Garden. At Dr. Morton's grave in Mt. Auburn, Cambridge, is also a monument. On A'orth Grove Street, at one side of the hospital, is the first Harvard Medical School building (afterward the Harvard Dental School) (see p. 91 e), the scene of the Parkman murder va. 1849, — tne killing of Dr. George Parkman by Professor John W. Webster. Both were men of good social and professional standing, and the trial was one of the most celebrated in Boston. Webster was executed the following year. The only other object of interest in this older part of the West End is the West Church, at the corner of Cambridge and Lynde streets, now the West End Branch of the Public Library. It dates from 1806. Its predecessor was used for barracks during the Siege, and the steeple was taken down because it had been used in making signals to the Conti- nental camp at Cambridge. The present house was long the pulpit of Charles Lowell (father of James Russell Lowell) and Cyrus A. Bartol. The ornamental Cambridge Bridge, of steel and masonry, finished in 1907, architect Edmund M. Wheelwright, replaces the historic West Boston Bridge. 5. The Back Bay The Public Garden below the Common, between Beacon, Charles, Boyl- ston, and Arlington streets, is the gateway to the Back Bay District (see Plates I and II), the modern "court end" of Boston. Commonwealth Avenue is its principal boulevard. Boylston Street to Copley Square, and Huntington Avenue beyond, are its southern bounds ; Beacon Street and Charles River its northern bounds. Copley Square is its central point. Massachusetts Avenue is its great western cross thoroughfare. To this avenue the streets of the quarter — with the exception of Hunt- ington Avenue, which begins at Copley Square — run parallel to or at right angles with Beacon Street on the Charles River side. The cross streets, beginning with Arlington Street, are named in alphabetical order, a trisyllable alternating with a disyllable word. Broad thoroughfares and imposing architecture characterize this quarter. The streets north of Boylston Street between Arlington Street and Massachusetts Avenue are free from car tracks. Commonwealth Avenue, with its tree-lined BACK BAY 75 parkway, broken here and there by statues, is two hundred feet wide, or two hundred and twenty feet from house to house, between Arlington Street and Massachusetts Avenue. It extends beyond the original limits of the quarter, through the Brighton district to the western boundary of the city at the Newton line. Huntington Avenue, with a middle green occupied by street-car tracks, is one hundred feet in width, or one hun- dred and twenty feet from house to house. It extends to the Brookline line. Massachusetts Avenue comes into the quarter from the Dorchester District, where it begins at Edward Everett Square (so named from the birthplace of Edward Everett, which stood at this point) and, crossing Har- vard Bridge, continues through Cambridge, Arlington, and Lexington. Harvard Bridge All the territory of this district is "made land" in place of the bay whose name it takes, a beautiful sheet of water that made up from Charles River, and at flood time spread out from the present Charles Street by the Common to the " Neck " (the narrow stem of the original peninsula) and Roxbury, and toward the hills of Brookline. The Public Garden was the " Round Marsh," or " the marsh at the bottom of the Common." The filling of the bay was planned in 1852 by a state commission, the Com- monwealth having the right to the flats below the line of riparian ownership. At that time the bay was a great basin made by dams thrown across it for the utili- zation of its water power by mills on its borders. These dams were also used as causeways for communication between Boston and Roxbury and the western sub- urbs. They were the " Mill Dam," now included in lower Beacon Street ; the " Cross Dam," extending from the Roxbury side to the Mill Dam ; and the cause- way, corresponding in part with the present Brookline Avenue (earlier the Punch Bowl Road) , which extends from the junction of Beacon Street and Commonwealth Avenue southwest to the Brookline line. The filling was practically begun in 1857 and finished in 1886. It was done by the Commonwealth and the Boston Water Power Company. The Commonwealth owned 108.44 acres of the territory. On its sales of the land remaining after large. gifts to institutions, and reserva- tions for the city of Boston, and for streets and passageways, it made a net profit of upward of four million dollars. The avails of the sale were applied to educa- tional purposes and to the endowment of several of the sinking funds of the state. 7 6 PUBLIC GARDEN The Public Garden is the gem of the city parks, essentially a flower garden, with rich verdure, a dainty foil to the plainer Common. The Bridge, Public Garden artificial pond in the middle of the inclosure is so irregularly shaped as to appear extensive, although its actual area is only three and three quarters acres. The iron bridge which carries the main path over the pond has been endowed by the local wits with the title of the " Bridge of Size," from its ponderous piers. The statues and monuments here are: On the Charles Street side : Statue of Edward Everett Hale, of bronze, by Bela L. Pratt. Erected in 19 13. The cost met by a popular subscription. On the Beacon Street side : the Ether Monument, of granite and red marble, by J. Q. A.Ward, com- memorating the discovery of anaes- thetics. Erected in 1S68. A gift to the city by Thomas Lee. The ideal figures surmounting the shaft illustrate the story of the Good Samaritan ; the marble bas-reliefs represent (1) a surgical operation in a civic hospital, the patient being under the influence of ether, (2) the angel of mercy descending to relieve suffering humanity, (3) interior of a field hospital, showing a wounded soldier in the hands of the surgeon, (4) an allegory of the triumph of science. Channing Statue PUBLIC GARDEN 77 Entrance to Subway, Public Garden On the Boylston Street side : Statue of Charles Sumner, of bronze, by Thomas Ball. Erected in 1878. This was provided for by popular subscription. Statue of Colonel Thomas Cass (commander of the Ninth Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteers, in the Civil War ; killed at Malvern Hill, Va., July 1, 1862), of bronze, by Richard E. Brooks. Erected in 1 8S9. A gift to the city by the Society of the Ninth Regiment. On the Arlington Street side : Statue of William Elle?y Channing (facing the Arlington Street Church on the opposite side of the street, the successor of the Federal Street Church, which was the pulpit of Channing), of bronze, by Herbert Adams. The carved canopy, of gran- ite and marble, designed by Vincent C. Griffith, architect. Erected in 1903. A gift to the city by John Foster. On the marble columns of the can- opy and on the marble stone at the back of the monument are inscriptions. The equestrian statue of Washington (in the main path, facing the Arlington Street gate), of bronze, by Thomas Ball. Erected in 1869. Provided for by popular subscription. The marble Venus in the fountain near by was the first work of art placed in the Garden. The Arlington Street Church (Uni- tarian), which dignifies the corner of Arlington and Boylston streets, was the first church built in this quarter ( 1 860-1 861). Its exterior design is broadly after old London Wren churches. The steeple was the first in Boston to be constructed entirely of stone. In its tower is a chime of sixteen bells. The church organization dates from 1727, and this Washington Statue, Public Garden 78 COMMONWEALTH AVENUE meetinghouse was the successor of the third Federal Street Church building which stood on Federal Street from 1S09 to 1859 (see p. 53), and the one which was identified with Channing and his long-time associate and successor, Ezra Gannett. Dr. Gannett continued as minister of the Arlington Street Church till his death. On Newbury Street (the next street north opening from Arlington Street), at No. 2, is the house of the St. Botolph Club, the representa- tive literary and professional club of the city, taking its name from St. Botolph in old Boston, England (organized in 1880; Francis Parkman, the historian, the first president). It possesses a silver-gilt "loving cup " which formerly belonged to the corporation of the English Boston. In its art gallery, exhibitions of new work by artists are given during the winter season. The picturesque church nearly opposite the St. Botolph is Emmanuel Church (Protestant Episcopal). It is built of the local Roxbury conglomerate stone. The church organization dates from i860, and this edifice was erected two years later. No. 35 is the present home of Margaret Delano". Commonwealth Avenue opens from the middle of Arlington Street, its parkway being directly opposite the main path of the Public Garden, which terminates at the Arlington Street gate. A lovely vista opens through the long park of beautiful trees. The succession of statues down the long walk are : Alexander Hamilton, of granite, by Dr. William Rimmer. Erected in 1865. A gift to the city by Thomas Lee, the same who gave the Ether Monument in the Public Garden. This was the first statue in the country to be cut from granite. The inscription characterizes Hamilton as "orator, writer, soldier, jurist, financier. Although his particular province was the treasury, his genius pervaded the whole administration of Washington." General John Glover of Marblehead, "a soldier of the Revolution," of bronze, by Martin Milmore. Erected in 1875. A g^ to tne city by Benjamin T. Read. The inscription details the conspicuous features of Glover's military service with his marine regiment of Mar- blehead men, notably his leadership in transporting the army across the river from Brooklyn to New York and across the Delaware in 1776. William Lloyd Garrison, a sitting figure, of bronze, by Olin L. Warner. Erected in 1886. The fund for this statue was raised by popular subscription. Beneath the chair in which the figure is seated lies a representation of a volume of the Liberator. The inscriptions are quotations of the motto of the Liberator: "Our Country is the World — Our Countrymen are Mankind"; and the declaration in COMMONWEALTH AVENUE 79 Garrison's salutatory in his paper : " I am in earnest — I will not equivo- cate — I will not excuse — I will not retreat a single inch — and I will be heard." Le 'if Eric son, the Norse discoverer, of the year iooo; an ideal figure, of bronze, by Anne Whitney. Erected in 1886. The pedestal displays reliefs, one representing a Norse scene, — a banqueting hall, with Leif returned from his voyages relating his discoveries ; the other the fabled Norse landing on American shores. Notable clubs are housed on this favored avenue. At its head, south side, at No. 2, is the Engineers' Club. At No. 40, nearing Berkeley Street, is the College Club, of graduates from women's colleges. On Berkeley Street, north of the avenue, at the corner of Marlborough Street, is the beautiful stone edifice of the First Church of Boston (Unitarian), fifth in succession from the rude little fabric of 1632 on the present State Street (see p. 5). It was erected in 1868, succeeding the Chauncy Place (now Street) Church, in the business quarter, which stood for sixty years. William Emerson, father of Ralph Waldo Emerson, was the minister of the church (1 791- 18 11) when that meetinghouse was built in 1808. Note the Winthrop Statue at the side of this church (see p. 18). On Berkeley Street, south, at the corner of Newbury Street, is the Gothic Central Church (Congregational Trinitarian), built in 1867. Like the First Church this is constructed of the Roxbury rubble, with sandstone trimmings. Its fine spire, two hundred and thirty-six feet high, is the tallest in the city. It succeeds the first meet- inghouse of the society, which stood on Winter Street, in the heart of the "down-town" shopping quarter, from 1841 to 1865. The only church on upper Commonwealth Avenue is the structure with its Florentine tower, at the western corner of Clarendon Street. This is the First Baptist Church, descendant of the pioneer Baptist meet- inghouse at the North End which the then proscribed sect built in 1679, and which not long after was nailed up by the court officers (see p. 57). This edifice was originally erected (in 1873) by tne Brattle Square Church organization (Unitarian), to succeed the historic meetinghouse Leif Ekicson Statue So COPLEY SQUARE AND ITS SURROUNDINGS in brattle Square (see p. 17). It was purchased by the Baptists after the dissolution of the Unitarian society and the sale of the church property by auction. The massive square stone tower, rising one hun- dred and seventy-six feet, with frieze of colossal bas-reliefs, gives this structure an especial distinction in the Back Bay architecture. The sculptured figures on the four sides of the frieze represent the four Christian eras, — baptism, communion, marriage, and death; the stat- ues at the angles typify the angels of the judgment blowing golden trumpets. These figures were cut by Italian sculptors from designs by Bartholdi after the stones had been set in place. The south corners of the avenue and Dartmouth Street are agreeably marked by the clubhouse of the Chilton Club, of women, and the marble hotel, Vendome. Farther down, on the north side, below Exeter Street, stands the Algonquin Clubhouse, a light stone building of striking facade, sumptuously designed and arranged for the club's uses. The Algonquin (organized in 1885) is the representative business club of the city. Near by, on Beacon Street, nearly opposite Exeter Street, is the University Clubhouse. It is especially favored by position with an outlook at the rear over Riverbank and the river. This club (organized in 1892), com- posed of college graduates resident in Boston and vicinity, is one of the largest of its class in the country. Below Exeter Street, also on the favored water side of Beacon Street, is the Holmes house (No. 296), the last town house of Dr. Holmes, iden- tified with the mellow productions of his latter years and old age, — as "The Poet at the Breakfast Table," "Over the Teacups," the grave and gay poems, " The Iron Gate," and " The Broomstick Train " on the advent of the trolley car. Above Exeter Street, at No. 241, was the latter-day home of Julia Ward Howe. On the avenue again, south side, just across Massachusetts Avenue, is the finely designed and equipped " House of the Harvard Club of Boston, built in 191 3," as the legend over its handsome entrance door informs. Copley Square and its Surroundings. Copley Square is at the junc- tion of Boylston Street, Huntington Avenue, Trinity Place, St. James Avenue, and Dartmouth Street. The cross streets, Berkeley and Clar- endon, are near its eastern boundary; the thoroughfare of Dartmouth Street makes its western bound. About the square and in its immedi- ate neighborhood are grouped some of the most important institutions of the city, with noble buildings, beautiful churches, and attractive hotels. Bounding the square are the Public Library, which occupies the entire west side ; the Copley- Plaza, the Hotel Westminster, and Trin- ity Church on the south side; business structures of varied architec- ture on the north side; and the Old South Church which marks the PUBLIC LIBRARY 81 northwest corner. On Boylston Street east of the square, beginning at Berkeley Street, are: on the north side, the Natural History Museum and the main buildings of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ; on the south side, the Hotel Brunszaick. On Boylston Street west of the square is Jacob Sleeper Hall (dedicated March, 1908), the chief Bos- ton University building (see pp. 47, 70), next the Public Library and ex- tending to Exeter Street; on the lower corner of Exeter Street, the Hotel Lenox. Nearly opposite, on Exeter Street, is the Athletic Clubhouse, one of the largest of its class in the country. On Dartmouth Street, north, next beyond the New Old South Church, is the Boston Art Club- house, with entrance on Newbury Street. Opposite the clubhouse, on B E A,C O N. I | £ MARL? BOROU& GH STC u> pi r £ -i ^ pi SO COMMONWEALTH S H 0> N EWB | J, URY H 91 ST. * Copley Square and Vicinity Dartmouth Street, is the Hotel Victoria. On Huntington Avenue, just outside the square, are the Hotel Nottingham, the Hotel Oxford, and the Copley Square Hotel. A short walk below, on Huntington Avenue, is the great building of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, with its fine halls. From Copley Square Trinity Place leads directly to the Trinity Place station of the New York Central Railroad for outbound trains, and Dartmouth Street leads to the Back Bay station of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad. From Huntington Avenue, at the corner of Irvington Street, a block below the square, is the passage to the Huntington Avenue station of the New York Central for inward- bound trains. The Public Library building is one of the notable architectural monu- ments of its day. It is built of granite of a peculiar pinkish white color, 82 PUBLIC LIBRARY the facade classic in design. Its dimensions are two hundred and twenty-rive feet long by two hundred and twenty-seven deep, and its height from the sidewalk to the top of the cornice is seventy feet. It is quadrangular in shape, surrounding a court, and covers with its broad entrance platform, exclusive of the court, an acre and a half of ground. The elegance of its proportions and the purity of its style are remarked as the chief architectural merits of the work. The statuary groups, set in stone blocks, representing respectively "Science" and "Art," by Bela L. Pratt, effectively adorn the entrance platform. Over the round arch which tops the main entrance appears a medallion of the seal of the library by Augustus St. Gaudens. The vestibule, the entrance hall with high vaulted ceiling, and the noble marble stair- case rising beyond are impressive features of the first floor. In the ves- tibule is the bronze statue of Sir Harry Vane, by Frederick MacMonnies. The artistically embel- lished bronze doors, ad- mitting to the entrance hall, were designed by Daniel C. French. In the ceiling of this hall are wrought names of men identified with Boston, eminent in letters, art, science, law, and public work. The great marble lions on either side of the first landing of the staircase are by Louis St. Gaudens. They were memorial gifts of the Second and Twentieth Regiments, Massachusetts Volunteers, in the Civil War. The decorations on the walls of the stairway and the corridor above are by Puvis de Chavannes. They represent, in separate panels, Philosophy, Astronomy, History, Chemistry, Physics, Pastoral Poetry, Dramatic Poetry, Epic Poetry, and finally, in one symbolic composition, " The Muses welcoming the Genius of Enlightenment." The decorations of the Delivery Room, which opens from this corridor, are by Edwin A. Abbey, and illustrate the legend of the Holy Grail. The walls of the corridor of the upper floor, familiarly known as the " Sargent Hall," have in part the decora- tions by John S. Sargent which in their completed form will represent the triumph of religion. Only the panels of the east and west walls have yet been finished. The subject of the first of these is the confused struggle in the Jewish nation between monotheism and polytheism. Public Library PUBLIC LIBRARY 83 That of the second is the dogma of the Redemption. The ceiling of the second Children's Room, on the principal floor, carries a painting by John Elliott representing the " Triumph of Time " ; twelve female figures symbolize the hours, and one male figure, Time. The Christian centuries are typified by twenty horses arranged in rows of four each. This decoration was given to the Library by citizens of Boston. The decorations of the lobby leading to the Children's Room from the main corridor are by Joseph Lindon Smith, and were given by Arthur A. Carey, a citizen of Boston. The lobby at the opposite end of the corridor leading to the Delivery Room was decorated by Elmer E. Garnsey. Besides its mural decora- tions the Library is rich in memorial busts and other art objects. The principal reading room, known as Bates Hall (in honor of Joshua Bates, who gave the Library at its beginning, in 1852, a fund of fifty thousand dollars, besides an equiva- lent amount in books), is in its dimen- sions and architectural features the most important apartment in the build- ing. It is two hundred and eighteen feet long, forty-two and one half feet wide, and fifty feet high to the crown of the arches. The barrel-arched ceil- ing is deeply paneled and ornamented with rosettes. In this hall are collec- tions of reference books and works in general literature, accessible to the public on open shelves. Readers are also served at the tables by runners, who bring from the stacks such vol- umes as are requested for hall use. The Children's Rooms on this floor are entirely devoted to the needs of young readers. Special attendants aid the children in the selection of books, and instruct them in the use of the library. Nine thousand volumes are placed on open shelves here, mainly the better class of "juveniles," boys' and girls' fiction, and books of travel and adventure written for the young. Large tables are provided at which the children may read by themselves. The Children's Reference Room is a study room, and is equipped with books intended to be used by young students. Children come here to write composi- tions, to look up topics connected with their school work, and to pre- pare their daily lessons. A collection of the text-books used in the Boston public schools is an important feature of this room, and the Bates Hall, Public Library 84 PUBLIC LIBRARY books contained in it are alike helpful to those who have left school and to teachers from other places. General and special reference books are also shelved here, duplicating in some cases those kept in Bates Hall for older readers ; and there is a section of books on pedagogy and kindergarten methods for teachers. A novel feature is the " story hour." In connection with the work for children, the schools included among the agencies of the Library (one hundred and thirty-one public and parochial schools) must be mentioned. These are supplied with books either for topical reference or miscellaneous reading, which are usually delivered by the Library wagons and may be changed frequently. Each set of books is made up for the occasion, and the teachers' selection is followed as far as possible. The total number of vol- umes sent to the schools from the Central Library and Branches in 1912-1913 was thirty-one thousand nine hundred and seventy-eight. Each large Branch Library, also, regularly supplies certain neighboring schools. Applications for Library cards are taken by Library employees in all the schools once a year. On the floor below are the Patent Room, with the best collection of publications relating to patents to be found in the country, except that at Washington; the Periodical Poom, with a complete file of current periodicals and magazines; and the Newspaper Poom, in which over three hundred newspapers from all parts of the world are regularly received and placed on the reading files. The Department of Docu- ments and Statistics is in the rear part of the building, approached through the arcade, across the courtyard from the main-entrance cor- ridor. It contains a large and constantly increasing collection of sta- tistical works, official publications, and books relating to economic subjects; also many rare and valuable historical manuscripts and broadsides. On the third floor are the Special Libraries, comprising the Pine Arts Department, the Allen A. Brown Library of Music, and the Barton, Bar- low, Prince, Lewis, Bowditch, and Ticknor collections. The collections shelved on this floor are mainly intended for reference, and ample accom- modation is provided for the use of students and for research work. The Brown Library contains more than eight thousand volumes relating to music ; the Barton Collection (fourteen thousand volumes) is espe- cially rich in Shakespeariana, unequaled in the world, outside of two or three great English libraries ; and the Ticknor Library includes nearly seven thousand volumes of Spanish literature. These and the other collections designated by the names of the donors were presented to the Library. All of them contain many rare and exceedingly valuable books. The Pine Arts Department contains, besides a carefully selected collection of books relating to architecture, painting, and the allied arts, more than fifteen thousand photographs from all over the world, besides PUBLIC LIBRARY 85 six thousand process pictures for the use of schools. Exhibitions are held regularly in a room especially devoted to this purpose, and collec- tions of prints are sent to the schools and to the Branch Libraries and deposit stations. On the north side of the building, opening from Boylston Street, a large Lecture Hall is provided, in which lectures on educational or lit- erary subjects are given during the winter season. The Boston Public Library system consists of the Central Library (this Copley Square building) ; thirteen Branch Libraries, in different parts of the city, each having permanent collections of books ; and fifteen delivery stations (of which all are reading rooms, formerly part service stations and shop stations). Regular de- posits of books are placed in one hundred and sixty-two schools and institutions, and sixty-one engine houses. In all, therefore, there are two hundred and fifty- one agencies for supplying books to the public. Regular daily wagon-delivery serv- ice is maintained between the Central Library and the outlying agencies. The administration of the Library is controlled by a board of five trustees appointed by the mayor, a librarian and assistant librarian, and, including chiefs of departments, a staff of two hundred and ninety employees for the regular service, and ninety- four for the Sunday and evening service. The Central Library is open daily from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m. (on Sunday from 12 m.) in the winter, closing one hour earlier in the summer ; and the hours at the branches approximate this schedule, with some variation during the period from June to September. The Library comprises a collection of upward of one million volumes. About thirty thousand are annually added. It is a circulating library free to every resi- dent of Boston, and the use of the books within the Library is open to all, whether resident of the city or not. It is not only the second largest circulating and reference library in the United States, but it undertakes a greater variety of service than is rendered by the noted libraries of the world. By means of an interlibrary loan system it is serving scholarship throughout the country, its recorded applications for books showing a wide range of towns and cities and educational institutions. The annual circulation for home use approximates one million seven hundred and fifty thousand volumes, including the circulation from the branches. Besides this there is an extensive use of books in the Library itself of which no statistical record is kept. The Library maintains its own printing department and bindery. It issues a Weekly Bulletin of new accessions, and from time to time special bibliographies and other publications of importance. The annual appropriation made by the city for the maintenance of the institution is about $368,000. It also enjoys the income from about $467,000 of invested trust funds. Horace G. Wadlin is the present librarian. The architects of the Central Library were McKim, Mead & White. Its total cost, including the land, was $2,500,000. It was opened to the public in 1895. An elaborate station of the Boylston Street Subway, opening on Boyl- ston Street, is built in the space directly adjoining the Public Library and the Old South Church. 86 TRINITY CHURCH Trinity Church (Protestant Episcopal) is one of the richest examples of ecclesiastical architecture in the city. It was the crowning work of the architect, H. H. Richardson, and is called his masterpiece. Its style as defined by him is the French Romanesque, as freely rendered in the pyramidal-towered churches of Auvergne, the central tower pre- dominating. It is con- structed of yellowish granite, with brown freestone trimmings. The elaborate decora- tive work of the inte- rior is by John La Farge. "Art," Public Library The chapel, with open outside stairway, is connected with the church by the open cloister, and here are placed stones from the old St. Botolph Church in Boston, England, presented by the authorities of that church. Trinity Church was conse- crated in 1S77. Its predecessor was de- stroyed in the fire of 1872. That stood on Summer Street at the corner of Hawley Street, a Gothic struc- ture with massive stone walls and tower. Phillips Brooks was rector of Trinity from 1869 to 1 89 1, when he was made Bishop of Mas- sachusetts. The IViillips Brooks house near by, on the northeast corner of Clarendon and Newbury streets, is the rectory of the church. Trinity, founded in 1728, is the third P^piscopal church established in Boston. Trinity Church NEW OLD SOUTH CHURCH 87 The Phillips Brooks Memorial, in the green on the Huntington Avenue side of this church, was erected by popular subscription of citizens as a tribute to the beloved preacher, and passed to the care and custody of the corporation of Trinity by deed from the committee representing the subscribers. The statue is by Augustus St. Gaudens, and the canopy by Charles F. McKim of McKim, Mead, & White. Both are posthumous works, but the designs of both were practically completed before the death of the sculptor and the architect. The statue — of heroic size, representing the preacher in his pulpit garb and attitude, and the hooded head of Jesus appearing back of the figure, with the Saviour's right hand on the preacher's shoulder, typifying the inspirer — exhibits St. Gaudens' last and boldest development of his scheme of the dual composition, the blending of the realistic with the ideal, in outdoor statuary ; and as such invites and receives unusual attention. The memorial was formally unveiled on January 22, 1910, at the conclusion of dedicatory exercises within the church, attended by a distinguished audience, when Henry L. Higginson, chairman of the committee of citizens, gave the presentation address, and the gift was accepted for the corporation by the Rev. Alexander Mann, present rector of Trinity. The New Old South Church, so called to distinguish it from its still existing predecessor, the Old South Meetinghouse (Congregational Trinitarian), is also, like Trinity, noteworthy for richness of design and ornamentation in both the exterior and interior of the structure. It is in the North Italian Gothic style, and constructed mainly of the local Rox- bury stone. The great tower terminating in a pyramidal spire, composed of combinations of colored stones, rises two hundred and forty-eight feet. The main entrance through the front of the tower is richly decorated and recessed. Delicate carvings of vines and fruits in a belt of gray sand- stone ornament the facade. In the beautiful arcade between the tower and the south transept, across which are the words, " Behold I have set thee an open door," are inscribed tablets. One bears this inscrip- tion : "1669. Old South Church. Preserved and blessed of God for more than two hundred years while worshiping on its original site, cor- ner of Washington and Milk streets, whence it was removed to this New Old South Church 88 MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY building in 1S75. amid constant proofs of his guidance and loving favor. Qui transtulit sustinet" Cummings & Sears were the architects. The Art Clubhouse, of a Romanesque style, which finishes the line of striking architecture along the Dartmouth Street side, was erected five years after the church (1880-18S1). William R. Emerson was the archi- tect. The Dartmouth Street entrance, under the arch of terra-cotta work, is the public entrance to the large art gallery, in which exhibitions are given in the winter and spring seasons. This club is the representative art club of the city, and dates from 1854. Many paintings by Boston artists adorn its walls. Across the square, on Clarendon Street, south, is the other art institution of this quarter, — the long, low, ivy-faced build- ing which houses Copley and Allston Halls and the Grundmann Studios. Natural History Museum and Technology Buildings Exhibitions also are features of the seasons here. In Copley Hall are given the annual Artists' Festivals by the Copley Society of Boston. The two main buildings of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (founded by Professor William B. Rogers as a school of applied science, and chartered in 1861) occupy, together with the Natural History Museum, the entire square bounded by Boylston, Berkeley, Newbury, and Clarendon streets. They are the Rogers Building, dignified in design, with high portal approached by a noble flight of broad stone steps, and the severely plain Walker Building. In the former are the administrative offices of the institution and the departments of mining, mathematics, drawing, history, economics, and English ; in the latter, the departments of physics and chemistry. Other buildings, the Henry L. Pierce and Engineering buildings, in which are the departments of civil and mechanical engineering, architecture, naval architecture, biol- ogy, and geology, are in Trinity Place; the Workshops are in Garrison Street, off Huntington Avenue; and the Gymnasium is on Exeter NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM 89 Street. The several buildings comprise, in addition to drawing, recita- tion, and lecture rooms, eight laboratories or groups of laboratories. In the Rogers Building is Huntington Hall, in which the Society of Arts, organized with the institute for the encouragement of practical applica- tions of the sciences, has its meetings. Here, also, are given the free lecture courses of the Lowell Institute (founded in 1839 by the will of John Lowell, Jr.). The Lowell School of Practical Design, established by the trustees of the Lowell Institute (1S72) for the promotion of industrial art in the United States, is maintained by the Institute of Technology in its workshops. In the rear of the main buildings, on Newbury Street, is the Technology Clubhouse. The Natural History Museum, sedate and elegant in style and finish, fronts on Berkeley Street. It is the building of the Boston Society of Natural History, founded in 1831. It was erected in 1864. Over the entrance door is carved the society's seal, which bears the head of Cuvier. On the keystones of the windows are carved heads of animals, and a sculptured eagle surmounts the pediment. The collections in the halls and galleries of this museum are interesting and valuable, and are admirably arranged. Upon entering, in the first hall are seen the intro- ductory synoptical collection and sundry important geological speci- mens. From the ceiling of the main hall is suspended the large skeleton of a whale. In the library, which contains from thirty to forty thousand volumes, much consulted by students, are fine mineral- ogical, geological, and botanical collections. On the second floor is a hall filled with stuffed animals, geological, physiological, and fossil cases, and skeletons of elephants and extinct fauna. Conspicuous is the skele- ton of a gorilla. In the galleries here are New England tree and shrub and other botanical specimens ; also conchological collections. On the third and fourth floors are general ornithological and ethnological collections, with the magnificent Lafresnaye Collection of birds, nests, and eggs. Lecture halls and rooms are in the building, in which instruc- tion is given to classes of students. The museum is open free on Wed- nesdays and Saturdays, and on Sunday afternoons. Other days, entrance fee, twenty-five cents. Below Copley Square, in the neighborhood of Huntington Avenue, are other institutions of note. On Exeter Street, two blocks north, is the Massachusetts Normal Art School (established by the State in 1873), and on opposite corners the South Congregational Church, long the pulpit of Edward Everett Hale, and the Boston Spiritual Temple. On Irving- ton Street, south of the avenue, is the South Armory, headquarters of the First Brigade, the First Coast Artillery Corps, the First Squadron of Cavalry, and Battery A, Light Artillery, of the State Militia. On St. Botolph Street, reached from the avenue by Garrison Street, is the 9° SYMPHONY IIAI.L Massachusetts College of Pharmacy (chartered 1852). Now on Iluiitiiigtou Are imc we pass, just beyond the square, three hotels of note, — the Oxford, the Nottingham, and the Copley Square ; and a little beyond Exeter Street, the long-spreading Mechanics Building, headquarters of the venerable Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic A>sociation (instituted 1795, incorporated 1806), in the great halls of which industrial exhibitions are given. Here the association maintains an Kvening Trade School, in which youths who work during the day in some one of the building trades are taught the theory and practice of their trades. In the neighborhood, on side streets — Falmouth, Nor- way, and St. Paul — reached from the avenue through a beautiful park and garden, is the striking stone Christian Science Temple, rising to the lofty height of two hundred and twenty feet, topped by a magnificent dome, and with an auditorium of five thousand sittings. It has a me- lodious chime of bells, which are rung with pleasing frequency. This is The First Church of Christ, Scientist. — The Mother Church so called, generously endowed by Mrs. Eddy, the founder of this denomination. About the Junction of Huntington and Massachusetts Avenues. In this section are grouped more notable buildings, giving it a special distinc- tion. On the north side of Huntington Avenue, near the junction, the St. James Theater replaces Chicker- ing Hall. At the east corner of the two avenues is Horticultural Hall, the fine building of the Massachusetts Horticultural So- ciety (organized 1 829), in which great exhibitions of flow- ers and fruits are held in their sea- sons. The opposite corner is marked by Symphony Hall, successor of the old Music Hall as a "temple of music," where the concerts of the Boston Symphony Orchestra and the oratorios of the Handel and Haydn Society are given; also the early summer " Pop " concerts. Nearly opposite, on Huntington Avenue, at the corner of Gainsborough Street, is the building of the New England Conservatory of Music Horticultural Hall BOSTON OPERA HOUSE 9 1 Symphony Hall (established in 1867), the greatest institution of its kind in the country, embracing sixteen separate schools. In its entrance hall stands the statue of Beethoven by Crawford, originally in the old «i Music Hall. Through We st la /id Avenue, north of the junction of Huntington and Massachusetts ave- nues, the Back Bay Fens may be reached. Here, at Hemenway Street, is the Western entrance, with the Memorial Foun- tain in commemoration of Ellen C. Johnson, superintendent of the State Reformatory School for Women at Sherborn, who left by her will a fund for the erection of a drinking font for animals. Huntington Avenue and about the Fens. Continuing along Huntington Avenue, we pass other buildings of note in succession, and soon come upon a noble assemblage of institutions, — museums, colleges, schools, hospitals, — housed in monumental structures about the upper Fens. Next beyond the Con- servatory of Music rises the great building of the Boston Young Men's Christian Association, the principal featureof which is its facade — the broad, arched main entrance. On the right side of the avenue is the Boston Opera House, with simple, dignifi ed f acade, — a Bos- ton institution for the presentation of operas by its own organization throughout the regular season. On the left side, No. 410, is the building of the Tufts College Medical and Dental Departments (the seat of Tufts College is College Hill, Medford). On the right side, again, we have the impressive Boston Museum of Fine Arts, with Cyrus E. Dallin's symbolic statue, "The Appeal to the Great Spirit," facing the entrance court. Boston Opera House 91 A MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS The Museum of Fine Arts (incorporated 1870, first opened 1876), with facade in classical style, marked by extreme simplicity and dignity, is the second structure of the institution, erected in 1 907-1 909, and for- mally opened in November, 1909. In its general scheme the building embodies the results of three years' studies of the principal museums of Europe and of modern museology, made by advisory committees composed of artists and architects, in connection with the director and the museum staff ; and the principles governing the arrangement of the rooms and exhibits, though not wholly new, are applied with a consistency and thoroughness that are dis- tinctly new. The classifi- cation is by what is termed the dual system, providing a compact exhibition in rooms on the main floor and reserved collections for study on the floor be- low. Each department comprises a series of rooms with independent ap- proaches, and the arrange- ment of the exhibits of each department is historical and chronological. The main floor is occupied by the galleries of five departments, — Pictures, Egyptian Art, Classical Art, Western Art, Chinese and Jap- anese Art, — and the Library. Waymarks of different colors, and each with a section map, direct the visitor to the circuits in all these departments, which begin in the corridors from the rotunda, to the right and left, at the top of the main stairway. The department of Paintings occupies the whole north side of the main floor (the circuit beginning at the right of the rotunda through the corridor of paint- ings and drawings), and one room, devoted to paintings on panels, on the ground floor. On the walls of the corridor are water colors by Burne-Jones, Troyon, Barye, Millet, and Joseph Lindon Smith ; draw- ings by Millet, Rodin, and others. At the left of the corridor opens a small gallery, which, together with the east gallery adjoining, is at present vacant. The East Gallery will be hung with Impressionists and Museum of Fine Arts MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS 91 B other pictures in high key. The gallery adjoining the corridor, and the long gallery adjacent will contain the large paintings by Le Rolle, Regnault, Lhermitte, and others, as well as modern American paintings. Crossing the rotunda, the circuit enters the Early American Room. Here are canvases by Copley, Stuart, West, and Trumbull, including the familiar heads of " Washington and his Wife," originally in the Boston Athenaeum, and the portraits of Samuel Adams, Hancock, and General Knox, originally in Faneuil Hall. In the next room are Roman interiors by Pannini, two paintings by Boucher, — " Going to Market" and "The Return from Market"; Turner's "Slave Ship"; and examples of the work of Chardin, Greuze, Duplessis, Philippe de Champaigne, Wilson, Sir Thomas Lawrence, Constable, Romney, Opie, Leslie, Crome, Bonnington, Sir Joshua Reynolds, and Sir Henry Raeburn. Next is the Flemish and Dutch Seventeenth Century Room, showing Van Dyck's " Charles I and Henrietta Maria with their Chil- dren, afterwards Charles II and James II," and the "Portrait of Anna Maria de Schodt " ; Rembrandt's " Danae," " Portrait of an Old Man," and " Portraits of Dr. and Mrs. Nicholas Tulp " ; " Portrait of a Lady," by Franz Hals, and examples of the work of Santvoort, d'Hondecoeter, Van Goyen, Peter de Hoogh, Molenaer, Huysum, Teniers, Willem Kalf, Maas, Van Vliet, Ruysdael, Koninck, Thys, Rubens ( " Marriage of St. Catharine"), Metsu, Cuyp, Van der Velde, and Murant. The West Gallery, devoted to Spanish and Italian sixteenth century paint- ings, contains Borrasso's " Coronation of the Virgin," given by Dr. Denman W. Ross in memory of the late Samuel Dennis Warren ; Goya's " Portrait of a Man " (a recent gift) ; " The Philosopher," by Ribera; Velazquez's "Philip IV of Spain" and "Don Balthazar Car- los"; "Fray Feliz," by El Greco; "Infanta Maria Theresa," by Car- reno ; " Portrait of the Artist's Son," by Goya ; " The Crown of Thorns," by Ribera ; " A Sibyl " and " Justice " by Veronese ; " The Scourging of Christ," by Bassano ; " Apotheosis of a Poet," by Tiepolo ; and ex- amples of the work of Sustermans, Tinelli, Solario, and Moroni. In the Panel Room, on the ground floor, we have Crivelli's " Pieta " ; an altarpiece by Bartolomeo Vivarini ; " St. Luke drawing the Portrait of the Madonna," by Rogier van der Weyden ; a triptych by Sano di Pietro ; and examples of the work of Gozzarelli, Peruzzi, Bellini, Wohl- gemuth, Timoteo della Vite, School of Botticelli, and the Venetian School. The department of Egyptian Art, one of the largest of the Museum, occupies a series of rooms in the eastern wing, reached by a corridor from the rotunda. The Hall of the Mastabas is first entered. Here are objects of great interest from the Prehistoric and Old Empire Period, 91 C MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS and sculpture of the Middle and Early New Empire. The Mastaba Chambers are from the group of tombs at Sakkara and are fine speci- mens of the wall decorations of Dynasty V. From this hall opens a room containing the Way Collection (given by C. Granville Way in 1S72), comprising many small objects of great interest, among them a series of scarabs classified according to subjects or dynasty. Next is the New Empire Room, containing objects dating in general from the Middle and New Empires. Thence the circuit passes into a small room containing in a case a garment of cut leather dating from the reign of Thothmes IV, 1 436-1 427 i?.c. Next, the Ptolemaic Room, displaying a varied collection, with examples of Coptic textiles. The department of Classical Art adjoins that of Egyptian Art. At the north end of the corridor leading to it is a colossal statue of Cybele. Its circuit begins with the Archaic Room. This contains small bronzes, vases of stone and pottery, terra-cotta figures of the sixth and early fifth centuries representing scenes from daily life. Next, the Fifth Century Room. This is so arranged as to lead up to one of the Museum's most prized objects, — the three-sided marble relief at the end. Here are terra-cotta vases, gems and jewelry, superb bronze vessels, one of them an early Greek basin with fine figures constituting its handles. In connecting small rooms are the finer marbles: the head of Aphrodite (of the Francis Bartlett collection, the largest gift of works of art ever received by the Museum) ; the youthful Hermes ; the late Greek torso of a maid; and, exhibited under glass, a beautiful head of a girl, found in Chios and conjectured to have been possibly by Praxiteles. Next, the Fourth Century Room, the chief exhibit of which is a series of small terra-cotta figures. Finally, the Late Greek Room, with more terra-cotta figurines and bronzes. In the balcony of the court stand marbles of the Graeco-Roman period. The department of Weston Art occupies a series of galleries beginning with the Western Art Corridor at the left of the staircase and continu- ing through the Nearer Orient Room, the Tapestry Gallery, the Six- teenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth Century rooms, the Eighteenth Century Vestibule, and the Library Corridor, and including the Brem- garten and Lawrence rooms on the ground floor. The collection em- braces specimens of all the arts developed in Europe and the Nearer Orient, or under European influence since classical times. Objects of aboriginal American and African workmanship are also included. The department of Chinese and Japanese Art is in the west wing, reached by the Japanese Corridor. The museum collection of this class is the larg- est and finest in the world, and only a small proportion can be exhibited here at one time, the bulk being stored on the floor below. In the MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS 91D Japanese display are rich specimens of metal work, ivory and wood carving, costumes, and lacquer, the latter being especially noteworthy. The elaborate Morse Collection of Japanese Pottery, which gives a more complete representation of the fictile art of Japan than all other exist- ing collections combined, occupies a gallery by itself at the left of the main entrance of the building. The Library, dignified, in virtue of its endowment by a generous friend, by the title of the '■'•William Morris Hunt Memorial Library" is a beautiful hall, its upper walls hung with tapestries and adorned with pictures, notably the large " Boar Hunt " by Snyders. Next to the Reading Room is the Photograph Collection, including some thirty thousand photographs representing the sculpture, painting, and archi- tecture of Europe, the Nearer Orient, and Japan. The Print Department occupies a suite of rooms on the ground floor, with a Study Room ad- joining. Selections from the Museum's great collection of Casts are shown in the two large courts and adjacent rooms. In the basement of the west wing is a public restaurant. The Museum School is housed in a separate building of a single story, built around two courtyards. Here all the classes and departments are together under one management. The entrance corridor is hung with envois from students who have held the Paige Travelling Scholarship which entitles the holder to two years' study of art in Europe. The Museum School gives instruction in drawing and painting, in modeling and design, with supplementary courses in artistic anatomy and perspective. The first suggestion of a public establishment in Boston to be devoted wholly to the fine arts was the result of a wish to make more accessible to the public several collections of works of art already existing in the Athenaeum, at Harvard College, and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The Museum has been wholly dependent upon private liberality for its crea- tion and maintenance. It is managed by a board of thirty trustees, of whom three are appointed by Harvard College, three by the Boston Athenaeum, and three by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. There are five ex-officio members, of whom three, including the mayor, represent the city of Boston. The remainder of the board are those first named in the act of incorporation and those chosen by the board to fill vacancies in its number. The president of the corporation is Gardiner M. Lane ; director of the Museum, Arthur Fairbanks. The Museum is open every day in the year excepting the Fourth of July, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas ; on week days, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. (November 1 to March 1, 4 p.m.) ; Sundays, 12 M. to 5 p.m. Admission is free on every Sat- urday and Sunday and on public holidays. On other days the entrance fee is twenty-five cents. The architect of the present building was Guy Lowell. An addition facing the Fenway was erected in 191 3. 91 E SIMMONS COLLEGE Just beyond the Art Museum, on the opposite side of the avenue, at the corner of Ruggles Street, is the Wentworth Institute, a school of - the mechanical arts," with day and evening courses, incorporated in 1904, and provided for in the will of Arioch Wentworth, a Boston merchant. Ruggles Street north- ward leads into the Fens, and directly to Fenway Court, which contains the rich col- lection of works of art belonging to the Isa- bella Stuart Gardner Museum corporation. Next beyond this Ve- netian structure are the buildings of Sim- mons College (chartered 1899), established by the will of John Simmons, a Boston merchant, to furnish instruction in "such branches of art, sci- ence, and industry" as will "best enable women to earn an independent livelihood." Back of Fenway Court, facing or near the Fenway road at its junction with Huntington Avenue, is the fine cluster of Boston school buildings The Gardnfk Museum of Art Harvard Mfbical School of the higher grade, — the Girls' Latin, the Boston Normal, and the High School of Commerce. Next beyond Simmons College the broad, tree-framed crossroad — the Avenue Louis Pasteur — leads, to the left, to the noble group of HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL 91 F five marble structures constituting the Harvard University School of Medi- cine, on Longwood Avenue^ and the " white city " of hospitals in this quarter, of which the Medical School is the center. The approach by the Avenue Pasteur has the group in full view, — the central, white-pillared Administration Building, facing an open court, and the laboratory buildings on either side. The Administration Building is reached from the Longwood Avenue entrances by broad terraced stone walks. In this building, occupying the three upper floors, is the Warren Anatomi- cal Museum, founded in 1847, tne original collection of which was given by Dr. John Collins Warren, professor of anatomy and surgery in the School from 1S15 to 1847, succeeding his father, who was the first to hold that position upon its establishment. The four buildings designed for laboratory purposes are all constructed on one general plan, — two parallel wings united by an amphitheater. Above each amphitheater is a departmental library. The group occupy eleven acres. Their construc- tion and equipment were provided for by generous contributions from J. Pierpont Morgan, John D. Rockefeller, David Sears, Mrs. Collis P. Huntington, and other benefactors of Harvard. It is the statement of the Harvard University Catalogue that " these buildings provide an equipment for teaching and research in various branches of medical science which as a whole is probably unequalled." The Harvard University Dental School and Hospital, with stately marble entrance porch, adjacent to the Medical School, is now used for hospital purposes only ; a subway connects it with the Medical School, where the lectures are given. The buildings on the north side of the Medical School, the central one with lofty pillared entrance porch, and domed, comprise the Children's and Infants' hospitals. Back of and opposite the rear entrance of the Medical School, spreading along the line of Vandyke Street from the juncture of Huntington Avenue and Francis Street, is the great Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, opened in 191 3, provided for and richly endowed by the will of Peter B. Brigham, a long-time restaurateur and hotel proprietor in Boston. At the east corner of Vandyke Street and Huntington Avenue, and on the Medical School grounds, is the Collis P. Huntington Memorial Hospital for Cancer, erected by the Cancer Commission of Harvard University, and opened in 1912. South of Huntington Avenue, on Parker Hill, is the Robert Bent Brigham Hospital. Near neighbors to these important institutions, northward, are the Channing Home for Consumptive Women on Pilgrim Road, corner of Francis Street, and the New England Deaconess Hospital on Pilgrim Road. We may return by way of Brookline Avenue, taking an Ipswich Street car, and pass on this side of the Fens. The church suggestive of colo- nial architecture, on Peterborough and Jersey streets, is the Church of 9 i G MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY the Disciples (Unitarian), successor of the meetinghouse at the South End of the city, for nearly fifty years the pulpit of James Freeman Clarke, who founded this church in 1S41 as a free church, all expenses to be met by voluntary subscriptions. By the Fenway route we have a rural walk, with pleasing vistas, wind- ing through the most charming sections of the park. Soon we pass the beautiful Fenway front of the Art Museum. A short distance beyond, at the junction of Park Street and the Fenway, the Forsythe Dental Infirmary for Children presents its classic facade. Passing the broad roadway that a little farther on makes off to the left, and keeping to the Fenway, or taking the inner pathway which ultimately joins it, we are shortly in the grove of poplars near by the junction of the Fen- way and Boylston Street. Here is the little monument to John Boyle O'Reilly, the Irish poet, editor, and athlete, erected in 1897; Daniel C.French, sculptor. On the Fenway near Boylston Street is the handsome house of the Boston Medical Library (founded in 1874), orna- menting the street. The principal reading room is Holmes Hall, named for Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes and adorned with mementos of him. His own valuable medical library is preserved in the general collection of this library, the fourth in size of the medical libraries of the country. There is here the Storer collection of medical medals, remarkable in its variety and extent. At the corner of the Fenway and Boylston Street, facing the latter, is the house of the Massachusetts Historical Society (founded in 1791), the oldest historical society in the country, and probably in the world. This distinguished building was designed by Wheelwright & Haven, and was erected by the society in 1 897-1 899. It contains the society's rare library of forty-three thousand volumes, enriched with historical docu- ments and manuscripts. Over the entrance to the Dowse Library are the crossed swords which used to rest above the library of William II. Prescott, and to which Thackeray alludes in the opening of "The Vir- ginians." The cabinet museum of curios contains numerous interesting objects, among them the wooden Indian which topped the old Province House and the cannon ball which struck the Brattle Square Church during the Siege. The model of the historic meetinghouse is in the upper hall. The museum is open on Wednesday afternoons only, from Westland Avenue Entrance to the Fens CHARLESGATE 91 h 2 to 5. The chief function of this society is to publish, and it has issued infinitely more publications than any other historical society in this country, — more than all the other societies combined, — the num- ber approaching two hundred. Charles Francis Adams is the present president of the society, and Dr. Samuel A. Green has long been the librarian. The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (founded in 1780) is also located in this building. From the grove of poplars we take a circling course westward and northwestward, to the end of the Fenway at Charlesgate and Common- wealth Avenue. From the bridge over Ipswich Street and the railroad we see, to the left, the Park Riding School building on Ipswich Street, and next beyond this, Fenway Park, the great baseball arena (American League), occupying ample grounds, with a seating capacity of some thirty-five thousand. We can approach this arena for a nearer view, or a visit, by the flight of steps at the side of the bridge leading down to Ipswich Street. The main entrance is on Jersey Street. Effectively placed at the turn of the Fenway by Charlesgate, and facing Com- monwealth Avenue, is the memorial to Patrick A. Collins, another worthy Irish- JoHN BoYLE O'Reilly . . , ... Monument American; orator and statesman, in national, state, and city service, ending his public career as a mayor of Boston. This is the work of Henry H. Kitson and his wife, Alice Ruggles Kitson, and was placed in 1908. Charlesgate is the passage through which Muddy River, coming over from Brookline through the Fens, empties into the Charles River ; and the streets on either side are Charlesgate East and Charlesgate West. A block west of Charlesgate West, at the junction of Commonwealth Avenue and Beacon Street, is seen the frame of the entrance to the Boylston Street Subway, which passes under Commonwealth Avenue and Massachusetts Avenue, by the north side of the steam railroad tracks, to and through Boylston, east. On Charlesgate East and Commonwealth Avenue is the sumptuous Hotel Somerset ; and adjoining this, on the Commonwealth Avenue front, the equally sumptuous Hotel Puritan. In the same line, near the Massachusetts Avenue corner, is the handsome house of the Harvard Club of Boston, before mentioned (see p. 80). Massachusetts Avenue (see p. 75) is the great artery through this quarter of the Back Bay, north and south. It extends by the Harvard 92 THE SOUTH END Bridge across the Charles River into Cambridge. The church at the corner of the avenue and Beacon Street is the Mount Vernon Church (Congregational Trinitarian), successor of the church on Ashburton Place Beacon Hill, now the Boston University Law School building (see p. 47). The church organization dates from 1842. At either side of the Harvard Bridge are approaches to the Riverbank and Esplanade (see p. 73). The Riverway is ultimately to be carried westward to Cottage Farms, near the Brookline Street Bridge to Cambridge. The quarter west of Massachusetts Avenue, the newer residential part, with broad thoroughfares and cross streets and fine dwellings, is colloquially termed the " New Back Bay." Bay State Road, making off from Charlesgate West to the riverside, is especially noticeable for its interesting display of varied types of domestic architecture. Commonwealth Avenue of this quarter, beyond the intersection of Brookline Avenue, presents a number of architecturally notable quasi- public structures. Most conspicuous is the white-walled and white- domed Temple Israel, the stateliest Hebrew church in Boston. Toward the westerly end of this " New Back Bay," on Audubon Circle, with westerly frontage on Audubon Road, is the strikingly de- signed Second Church (Congregational Unitarian), erecting in 1913, in the English Georgian style, with parish house adjoining; Cram, Good- hue, and Ferguson, architects. This is the seventh edifice of the Second Church, and the sixth in line from the historic Old North Church in North Square, used for fuel during the Siege of Boston (see p. 58). In this meetinghouse will be restored the memorials of former ministers, — Cotton Mather's pulpit chair, the portrait of John Lathrop, the bust of Ralph Waldo Emerson (by Sidney H. Morse), and the tablet to Chandler Robbins, —which embellished the interior of its immediate predecessor that stood on Copley Square where now is the Wesleyan Building. 6. The South End The South End is now a faded quarter. Like the Back Bay it is composed largely of "made land." It was developed from the narrow neck connecting the old town with Roxbury, and was planned and built up on a generous scale to become the permanent fashionable part of the city. Such favor it was enjoying when the lavish development of the Back Bay began, and fashion was not long in turning from it and moving westward. With all its air of having seen better days, however, this quarter still has attractions. Its streets are broad, some are shaded with fine trees; numerous small parks are scattered through it; many of the houses are yet substantial dwellings, with a look of roominess within; BOSTON CITY HOSPITAL 93 and various important institutions are established within its borders. The latter most interest the visitor. Among the most noteworthy of these institutions are the Public Latin and English High Schools, on Warren Avenue, Dartmouth and Mont- gomery streets ; the Girls' High School, West Newton Street ; the Boston College (Roman Catholic, founded in i860), Harrison Avenue (No. 761), near East Newton Street ; the great Boston City Hospital, with its twenty- six buildings (a group of nineteen constituting the City Hospital proper, and a group of seven, in the South Department, for infectious diseases), occupying lands bounded by Harrison Avenue, East Concord Street, Albany Street, and Massachusetts Avenue ; and the group of buildings of the Massachusetts Homeopathic Hospital, with the School of Medi- cine (connected with Boston University), on East Concord Street and Harrison Avenue. Of the churches of the quarter the stone Cathedral of the Holy Cross (Roman Catho- lic), on Washington Street, at the corner of Maiden Street, is the greatest. It is the largest Catholic church in New England, and in some respects the finest. It is in the early English Gothic style. The interior is richly designed and embellished. The arch of the front vestibule is con- structed of bricks from the ruins of the Ursuline Convent on Mount Benedict (now leveled) in Somerville, which was burned by a mob on the night of August 11, 1834. In the front yard of the edifice is the bronze statue of Columbus, by Alois Buyens (a replica of the San Domingo monument), erected in 1S92. In the rear, on the corner of Union Park Street and Harrison Avenue, are the chief offices of the archdiocese. The archbishop's house is on Bay State Road, Back Bay District. Another South End Catholic church of note is the Church of the Immaculate Conception, on Harrison Avenue and East Concord Street (by the side of Boston College). The interior of this church is also rich in ornamentation. Of the older Protestant churches several have become "institutional churches," with numerous and varied helpful activities. Such are the A Typical Children's Playground 94 EAST BOSTON Union Church on Columbus Avenue and West Newton Street ; the Shawmut Church, on Tremont Street; and the Warren Avenue Baptist Church, on Warren Avenue and West Canton Street. The Denison House (College Settlement) is at 93 Tyler Street, and the South End House at 20 Union Park Street. Churches still retaining the old parish methods are the Second Universalist Church and the First Presbyterian Church, both on Columbus Avenue; the Clarendon Street Baptist Church, on Clarendon and Montgomery streets; and the Tremont Street Methodist Church, on Tremont and Concord streets. On Berkeley Street, No. 41, is the admirable Franklin Union, with its industrial school, established from the fund created by Benjamin Franklin's bequest to Boston. The decorative mural panels in the entrance hall, illustrating scenes in Franklin's life, by Charles E. Mills, deserve attention. The East Armory (East Newton Street), Ninth Regiment of Infantry, and the Cadet Armory (Columbus Avenue), First Corps of Cadets, are in this quarter. Near the Roxbury line (Walpole Street off Columbus Avenue) are the Walpole-Street Baseball grounds (National League). Washington and Tremont streets and Shawmut and Columbus avenues are the great thoroughfares south. Columbus Avenue opens at Park Square. Here is the Emancipation Group, commemorating the freeing of the slaves by President Lincoln (Thomas Ball, sculptor), erectedin 1879 — the gift of Moses Kimball, long the owner of the old Boston Museum. 7. The Outlying Districts East Boston on its islands is a place of steamship docks and of great manufactories. In the days of wooden ships it was a center of ship- yards, whence fine craft were launched. Here were built splendid clipper Castle Island, Marine Park ships for the California service in the gold-digging days. Now its at- tractions for the visitor are slight, although several of its hill streets are pleasant, andwide harbor viewsopenfromvarious points. Belmont Square, on Camp Hill, marks the site of the fort erected in the Revolutionary period, and perhaps also the site of the fortified house of Samuel Maverick, the earliest white settler, in 1630. Wood Island Park, of the Metropoli- tan Parks System, lies on the harbor or south side of the main island. MARINE PARK 95 Head House, Marine Park South Boston has also become a great industrial center and a place of shipping docks. Its points of popular interest to-day consist of the remnant of Dorchester Heights, — Telegraph Hill, — upon which is the monument "perpetuating the erection of American fortifications that forced the British to evacu- ate Boston, March 17, 1776"; and the beautiful water- front esplanade, the Marine Park, of the Boston Public Parks System, with its hand- somely housed Aquarium. These are all at the east end of the district locally known as "The Point." In the Marine Park is the admirable statue of Farra- gut, in bronze, by H. H. Kit- son. This was erected in 1893. City Point is a favorite yacht- ing station, and several yacht clubhouses are situated here. Off the Point is the United States Life- Saving Station. In the lower part of the district the Lawrence school- house on West Third Street marks the site of Nook Hill, the historic in- terest of which is disclosed in the inscription on a tablet here. On North- ern Avenue are the railroad docks and the great Commonwealth Pier. The Roxbury District also has interesting landmarks of the Revolu- tion. These are the Roxbury forts, near Highland Street, in the neigh- borhood of Eliot Square, with its century- old meetinghouse of the " First Religious Society in Roxbury" (dating from 1632), on the site of the first rude structure in which John Eliot preached for more than forty years. Roxbury Upper Fort is marked by the lofty ornate white water pipe, on the hill of Highland Park, between Beach Glen and Fort avenues. The lines of the fort are indicated, and it is fittingly marked by a tablet. The site of the Lower Fort, a short distance northward, is pointed out in the yard of a dwelling on Highland Street. These forts, built by General Harry Knox, under the direction of Gen- eral Thomas, crowned the Roxbury lines of investment during the Siege of Boston. Highland Street, which leads from Eliot Square, is most \ - ^ - " "j . ........ -L_ F16C 1 . ♦" 1 Tablet at "Nook Hill" 9 6 ROXBURY AM) WEST ROXBURY DISTRICTS interesting as the last home of Edward Everett Hale, in a broad, roomy, old-time house (Xo. 39). On this street also was " Rockledge," the home of William Lloyd Garrison through his later years. On Warren Street, not far from the Dudley Street station, is the site of the birthplace of General Joseph Warren, now covered by a stone house built in 1S46 by Dr. John Collins Warren "as a permanent memorial of the spot." In the neighboring square is the statue of Warren, by Paul W. Bartlett, placed in 1904. Near by, on Kearsarge Avenue, was the home of Rear Admiral John A. Winslow of the Kearsarge which destroyed the Alabama in the Civil War. Here also is the Roxbury Latin School, only ten years the junior of the Boston Latin School, having been es- tablished in 1645. Of this school Warren was a master when he was but nineteen years old. Near the old Boston line, at the corner of Washing- ton and Eustis streets, is the ancient burying ground in which are the tombs of John Eliot and of the Dudleys, — Gov- ernor Thomas Dudley (died 1653), Governor Joseph Dudley (1720), Chief Justice Dudley (1752), and Colonel William Dudley (1743). In the western part of this district is Franklin Park, the largest single park in the Boston City Parks System. The West Roxbury District contains memorials of Theodore Parker, and embraces " Brook Farm," the place of the experiment in socialism by the Brook Farm Community of literary folk in 1S41-1847, and the scene of Hawthorne's " Blithedale Romance." The old First Parish meetinghouse with its Wren tower, on Centre Street, locally known as the Theodore Parker Church, from Parker's nine years ministry here, re- mained, though long unused and dismantled, a cherished landmark till 1913. In front of its successor, a little farther up Centre Street, is a fine bronze statue of Parker. Farther along this main street, at the corner of Cot- tage Avenue, Parker's residence yet stands, — now occupied as the parish house of a neighboring Catholic church. Brook Farm is but little changed in its outward aspect. It lies about a mile distant from Spring Street Path in the Wilderness, Franklin Park: DORCHESTER DISTRICT 97 station on the railroad (by way of Baker Street). The Stony Brook Reser- vation of the Metropolitan Farks System is in this district. Forest Hills Cemetery, one of the most beautiful of modern burying grounds, is in another part of the district, close by the terminus of the Elevated Line at Forest Hills and the Forest Hills station of the steam railroad. Here are the graves or tombs of General Joseph Warren, Rear Admirals Winslow and Thacher, William Lloyd Garrison, John Gilbert, the actor, Martin Milmore, the sculptor, and many others of distinction. At Mil- more's grave is the monument representing the Angel of Death stay- ing the hand of the sculptor, an exceptionally fine piece of sculpture by Daniel C. French. Jamaica Plain, in which are the Arnold Arboretum and Olmsted Park of the Boston City Parks System, is a part of this district. The Dorchester District is now essentially a place of homes. It em- braces a series of hills, several of them commanding pleasant water views. Meetinghouse Hill, in the southern part, is crowned with a fine example of the New England meetinghouse of the early nineteenth century, in direct descent from the first meetinghouse of 163 1. At Upham's Corner, on Dudley Street and Columbia Road, is the ancient burying ground, one of the most interesting in the country. Among the distinguished tombs here are those of Lieutenant Governor William Stoughton, chief justice of the court before which the witchcraft trials at Salem were held, and Richard Mather, the founder of the Mather family in New England. There are a number of imposing tablets. The Brighton District was once the great cattle mart of New England, and famous also for its extensive market gardens and nurseries. A few of the latter remain, but the district is mainly a residential section. On Charles River side it has a speedway, and a children's playground and outdoor gymnasium. The Hyde Park District is the most rural of the outlying ones. A part of the Stony Brook Reservation, Metropolitan Parks System, lies within its borders. Looking Down Commonwealth Avenue 9 8 CAMBRIDCK II. THE METROPOLITAN REGION The thirty-eight cities and towns comprising with modern Boston the Metropolitan District (see Plate V), all lying in the " Boston Basin " (see p. 3), or touched by a circle with a radius of fifteen miles from the State House, are : Cities — Cambridge, Chelsea, Everett, Lynn, Maiden, Medford, Mel- rose, Newton, Quincy. Somerville, Waltham, and Woburn. Towns — Arlington, Belmont, Braintree, Brookline, Canton, Dedham, Hingham, Hull. Lexington, Milton, Xahant, Xeedham, Reading, Revere, Saugus, Stoneham, Swampscott, Wakefield, Watertown, YVellesley, Wes- ton, Westwood, Weymouth, Winchester, and Winthrop. All of these places, with the exception of Hull and Nahant, are within the suburban districts of the railroads terminating in Boston, and are embraced in the electric-railway system. CAMBRIDGE AND HARVARD Harvard Square is our destination. The quickest way to reach it is, of course, by the Cambridge Subway from Park Street (see p. 36). The trip is thus accomplished in less than fifteen minutes. But in the Sub- way there are only two stations between Park Street and Harvard Square. To see Cambridge, therefore, below Har- vard Square in detail, the outward trip should be made by surface car. We have choice of vari- ous routes. Lines pass- ing through Charles Street or by way of Bowdoin Square cross the Cambridge Bridge, over which the Subway trains pass. Others are from the Boston Subway (Park Street station, south bound) via Harvard Bridge; via the Brookline Street Bridge farther up the river; and (Park station, north bound) via the Viaduct at the Charles River Dam — the old Craigie Bridge. The surface cars going over the Cambridge Bridge pass through lower Cambridgeport. The river crossed, a busy quarter is entered, a region Athex.eum Press First Street, near Cambridge Bridge HARVARD UNIVERSITY 99 City Hall of factories and workshops, among which is notable the great Athenaeum Press of Ginn and Company, near the river. The Viaduct route is through East Cambridge. In East Cambridge are passed the Middlesex County Court House and other buildings. By the Brookline Street Bridge route (cars marked Broadway, Brookline Street, via Cottage Farms) one has an agreeable ride on the Boston side, skirting the " New Back Bay," while on the Cambridge side the way is through the heart of upper Cambridgeport, and into old Cambridge by Broad- way. In the "port" yet remain a landmark or two of interest. Such is the old house in which Washington Allston once lived, on Magazine Street, cornerof Auburn Street. Up on Broadway are passed a distinguished group of institu- tions, — the Latin School and the English High School, the Public Library, and the Rindge Manual Training School, the latter the gift of Fred- erick H. Rindge. The Harvard Bridge route passes the City Hall, also a gift from Mr. Rindge; nearby is the marked site of General Israel Putnam's head- quarters during the Siege of Bos- ton. However, should we go out by this route (car marked " Harvard Square "), let us suppose that, with our minds fixed on the Harvard University, we remain in the car until, rounding a corner, we come upon Beck Hall. Alighting here, we find ourselves at Grounds of Harvard University IOO IIAKVAUI) UNIVERSITY once on sacred ground. In front of us, and to the left, is the " Yard." To the right and separated from the yard by Quincy Street is the new- Harvard Union, erected 1901, of which Henry L. Higginson and the late Henry Warren were the chief donors. McKim, Mead and White were the architects. It contains offices for the college papers, billiard rooms, a restaurant, a good library, and a large assembly room. It is a sort of home, or meeting ground, for graduates and undergraduates. Just beyond is the Colonial Club, where may be found the quintessence of Cambridge, the literary and academic elite. These buildings are on the right of Quincy Street. Upon the opposite side of the street, the first house, on the corner and within the Yard, was for- merly the Harvard Observa- tory. Afterward it was the home of President Felton, and later of the venerated Professor A. P. Peabody. The boundary wall of the yard in front of this build- ing, built in 1901, was given by the class of 1880. The ample house next above is the president's house, re- placing the little brick dwell- ing of President Eliot's day. Next stands Emerson Hall, erected in memory of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Let us now- retrace our steps and, turning the corner by the sometime observatory, we come first to a gate given by Mrs. Wirt Dexter to com- memorate her son, Samuel Dexter, a member of the class of 1890, who died in 1894. Next is the gate erected by the class of 1877, and entering here we find ourselves by the Harry Elkins Widener Memorial Library, now (191 3) building, to take the place of the old University Library, or Gore Hall. It is erected in memory of II. E. Widener, class of 1907, lost in the Titanic in 1912. The building will cover four sides of a quadrangle. The original building was the gift of Christopher Gore, a leading lawyer and governor of Massachusetts (see p. 128). The library contains four hundred thousand volumes, and this number is swelled by outlying collections in various departments of the univer- sity to six hundred and seven thousand, — to say nothing of pamphlets. Among the valuable private collections that have been contributed to the library are Parkman's books, George Ticknor's collection of Dante litera- ture, and Carlyle's collection of books relating to Cromwell and Frederick Harvard Main Gate HARVARD UNIVERSITY 101 the Great. Emerging from the library and skirting the yard to the right, we come first to Sever Hall, a recitation building, simple, sub- stantial, and dignified, the work of the late H. H. Richardson. It was built in 1880 from a fund given by Mrs. Anne E. P. Sever. To the left is the college chapel, called Appleton Chapel, a building of light stone erected in 1858, the gift of Samuel Appleton. Beyond it and facing on Cambridge Street is a neat building of stone, almost white, brought from Indiana. This is the William Hayes Fogg Art Museum, erected in 1S95, an d given by Mrs. Elizabeth Fogg. It contains a large collection of casts, statues, engravings, coins, etc., but leaves something to be desired in point of beauty. Turning sharply to the left and continuing to skirt the yard, we find at the bend in the road the Phillips Brooks House, designed by A. W. Longfellow. It is the center of the religious life of the university. In this vicinity are two gates, one given by the class of 1876 and one by the class of 1886. Leaving this house behind us and turning our steps toward the center of the Yard, we come first to Holworthy, which was erected in 181 2 from money obtained by a lottery. Back of Holworthy, by the way, is a gate given by George von L. Meyer, former Secretary of the Navy. Holworthy, from its slightly elevated site at the head of the yard, occupies a commanding position, and has always been a favorite build- ing. It was the first dormitory that made any pretense to luxury, for it is arranged in suites of three rooms for " chums," — a study in front and tw r o bedrooms in the rear of the building. Class-Day spreads and Commencement punches always found in Holworthy their fittest home. In front of Holworthy the Glee Club sings, and noted men gather in groups. Standing here w r e obtain the best view of the beautiful Yard, with its great elms, its shadows, its splashes of sunshine on the turf ; or, of a Class-Day night, its festoons of Japanese lanterns swaying from tree to tree. Who can number the romances that have been transacted or begun in the deeply recessed window seats, in the somber, academic, almost monastic shades of Holworthy Hall ! Time presses, however, and we must glance at the other buildings in the Quadrangle. Turning to the right or westerly side of the Yard, we come first to Stoughton, a dormitory built in 1805. In its rear, or nearly so, is Holden Chapel, the gift (1744) of Madam Holden of London, and once the college chapel. It is now used for society meetings. Just south of Holden Chapel is a gate given by the class of 1873, and north of that a gate and sundial erected by the class of 1870. Next comes Hollis Hall, also a dormitory, which dates back to 1763 and was the gift of Thomas Hollis of London. Three generations of that family were benefactors of the college. This building was used as barracks by 102 HARVARD UNIVERSITY Harvard Gate, Class of 1877 the American soldiers in the Revolution at the time when the college was temporarily removed to Concord. Next to Mollis is Harvard Hall, a building which replaced an earlier Harvard Hall burned in 1764. The present building was also used as bar- racks in the Revolu- tionary 'War. It now holds some special libraries. There is a cupola on Harvard Hall containing a bell which rings for prayers and recitations. The space between the cor- ners of the two build- ings, Harvard and Hollis, is only five or six feet, and there is a tradition that once a student, trying to steal the tongue of the bell, heard the janitor mount- ing the cupola, and running down the steep roof of Harvard, jumped across the gap and landed safely on the roof of Hollis, whence he escaped. Next in order comes Massachusetts, but between Massachusetts Hall and Harvard Hall is the principal entrance from the street to the college yard, through the beautiful Johnston gateway, designed by Charles F. McKim. This is inscribed with the orders of the General Court relating to the establishment of the college in 1636-1639 and this extract : After God had carried vs safe to New England and wee had bvilded ovr hovses provided necessaries for ovr liveli hood reard convenient places for Gods worship and setled the civill government one of the next things we longed for and looked after was to advance learning and perpetvate it to posterity dreading to leave an illiterate ministery to the churches when our present ministers shall die in the dvst New Englands First Fruits. Massachusetts Hall, the oldest of the college buildings, was a gift to the college by the Province in 1720. This hall also was occupied by troops during the Revolution. Afterward it became a dormitory again, HARVARD UNIVERSITY 1 03 later a lecture room, and it is now used for meetings and public pur- poses. Beyond Massachusetts, in our tour of the Quadrangle, comes Matthews Hall, a dormitory erected in 1872 through the generosity of Nathan Matthews of Boston. This hall is said to stand on the site of the old Indian College, which was built in 1654 and in which several Indian youths struggled with the classics. One of them, Caleb Chee- shahteaumuck, took a degree and died. Just beyond Matthews Hall, and facing on the square, is Dane Hall. This was formerly the Law School, but is now occupied by the Bursar's office, lecture rooms, and a psychological laboratory. We come next to Grays Hall, a modern dormitory which faces Holworthy Hall, at the south end of the yard. It was the gift (1863) of Francis C. Gray of Boston, and its site is probably that of the first college building. Back of Grays Hall, and close to the street, is an ancient wooden building, yet of dignified aspect, called Wadsworth House. This house was built in 1726, jointly by the Province and by the college, as a residence for the presidents of the institution. It was Washington's headquarters until, as we shall presently see, he removed to the Longfellow house on Brattle Street. The speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, 1 900-1 903, James J. Myers, who after his graduation at Harvard became a tutor and proctor, took up his residence in Wadsworth House at that time, and, with rare fidelity, has remained there ever since. Returning now to the Quadrangle, the substantial granite building standing a little back and near the street is Boylston Hall, built in 1857 from money bequeathed by Ward Nicholas Boylston, whose picture, in flowered- silk dressing gown and cap, lights up Memorial Hall. Boylston Hall is devoted to chemistry. Next in order, and facing Matthews Hall, is Weld Hall, a dormitory given to the college in 1872 by William F. Weld. Beyond that is a simple, graceful, and dignified building of white granite, built in 18 1 5 from a design by Bulfinch. It is called University Hall, and for many years was the main recitation building. It is now used as an office building. University Hall and Sever Hall might perhaps be described as the two buildings in the yard which are beautiful in themselves, apart frcm any association. Beyond University, standing at right angles with Holworthy, is Thayer Hall, a dormitory given to the college in 1870 by Nathaniel Thayer. Passing out of the Quadrangle and continuing to Cambridge Street, which bounds the yard on the north, we have within view many build- ings, mostly of recent construction, belonging to the university. Oppo- site the Phillips Brooks House, on the other side of the street, is the Hemenway Gymnasium, given by Augustus Hemenway in 1878. To the right is the Lawrence Scientific School building, given by Abbott 104 HARVARD UNIVERSITY Lawrence in 1S47, an & reenforced in 1S84 by a building in Holmes'? Field just beyond, erected by T. Jefferson Coolidge of Boston. In this last building the visitor may behold an electric machine given to the college by Benjamin Franklin, and a telescope used by Professor John Winthrop. Immediately in front of us is a triangular-shaped piece of ground called the Delta, formerly the college playground, until Memo- rial Hall, designed by Ware and Van Brunt, was built there in the seventies. The statue in the Delta is an ideal statue of John Harvard, whose bequest of his library to the college in 1636 was really its start- ing point. It is the work of Daniel C. French, and the gift of Samuel J. Bridge. The exterior of Memorial Hall may perhaps strike the visitor as lacking unity and simplicity, but the interior will not disappoint him. Memorial Hall proper, where are inscribed the names of those Harvard graduates who died in the Civil War, is noble and impressive ; and the great dining hall, which occupies the whole western end of the building, with room for over a thousand students, which is paneled with oak, beautified by memorial stained-glass windows, and filled with pictures and busts, all of which have an historic and some of which have an artistic interest, is probably unique in this country. If, before entering Memorial Hall (and Sanders Theatre), we turn to the right on leaving the college yard, we shall come first to Nelson Robinson Hall, at the corner of Quincy Street and Broadway, the archi- tectural building, containing many casts and engravings. On the oppo- site side of Broadway, in the "Little Delta," is the old gymnasium, built in 1S5S, now occupied by the Germanic Museum. Of the many other buildings belonging to the university in this neigh- borhood only a few can be mentioned. Randall Hall, at the corner of Divinity Avenue, with a dining room that seats five hundred, is a good piece of architecture, constructed by Wheelwright & Haven. Beyond are the Semitic Museum; Divinity Hall, an unsectarian theological school; the University Museum, comprising the Museum of Comparative Zoology, the Botanical Museum, the Mineralogical Museum, the Geological Museum, and the Peabody Museum, founded in 1866 by George Peabody, the American banker of London. All of these are open to visitors, and all contain something to interest even the unscientific person. Returning to the vicinity of the yard, mention should be made of the Law School building, near the Hemenway Gymnasium, as this harbors one of the strongest departments of the university. The Harvard Law School has not only a national but an international repu- tation, and it has been described by an English jurist as superior to any other school of the kind in the world. The building was designed by H. H. Richardson, the architect of Sever Hall, to which, however, it is WASHINGTON ELM io 5 scarcely equal. The library contains forty-four thousand volumes. Near this hall once stood the yellow gambrel-roofed house in which Dr. Oliver Cambridge Wendell Holmes was born. The statue of Charles Sumner, by Anne Whitney, now at the head of the Subway entrance, was originally in the triangular plot near by. Leaving the univer- sity buildings we cross the Cambridge Com- mon to the west of the yard, formerly, by the way, a place of execu- tion, and once the scene of an open-air sermon by Whitefield. Here is a bronze statue of John Bridge, the Puritan, in the garb of his time, an excellent piece of sculpture by Thomas R. Gould and his son, Marshall S. Gould. In the roadway, just west of the Common, stands the time- worn Washington Elm, to which is affixed a tablet stating the historic fact that under this tree Washington first took command of the American Washington Elm io6 RADCLIFFE COLLEGE army. Opposite the Washington Elm is the group of buildings belong- ing to Radcliffe College, the girls' college, a recognized and highly suc- cessful part of the university. These buildings are on the corner of Garden and Mason streets. This venture of giving women instruction in the same studies that were pur- sued at Harvard was begun in a small way in 1879. 1* was not a part of Harvard, but, as a humorous student remarked, it was a Harvard Annex. The name came into common use. The professors and tutors as a rule were strongly in favor Longfellow House of the scheme, some even offering to teach for nothing rather than have it fail. The Annex was a success. The Fay house on Garden Street was bought. Lady Anne Moulson in 1643 ^ a d gi ven £ lo ° as a scholarship to Harvard, the first one. Her maiden name was Radcliffe, and as the Annex grew it was incorporated as Radcliffe College, and now has several fine buildings, a large number of students, and its diplomas bear the seal of the older institution and the signature of its president. In the Fay house, by the way, in 1836, the words of " Fair Harvard" were written by the Rev. Samuel Gilman of Charleston, S.C. Returning toward the college we pass Christ Church, which was built in 1760 by Peter Harrison, who designed King's Chapel in Bos- ton. Washington worshiped here. Adjoining the church is an old burying ground which dates from 1636, the year of the founding of the college. Near the fence will be observed a milestone bearing this inscription: "Boston, 8 miles. 1734." This was one of many mile- stones set up by Governor Dudley ; and what is now a legend was LONGFELLOW AND LOWELL HOUSES 107 once true, for, before the bridges were constructed over the Charles River between Boston and Cambridge, the highway connecting the two places ran through Boston Neck and what is now Brighton, and was no less than eight miles long. Some outlying spots should be visited, if only hurriedly, especially the great Stadium — seating capacity 22,000 — and Soldiers Field, the play- ground of the university, the gift of Major Henry L. Higginson. These are across the river, spanned by the ornamental Anderson Bridge, and nearby is the University boathouse, gift of the Harvard Club of New York City. Brattle Street, the " Tory Row " of provincial days, is easily reached from Harvard Square. Here is the Episcopal Theological School, and just above this is the Longfellow house, one of the finest of colonial mansions. It was built about the year 1759 by Colonel JohnVassall, a refugee of the Revolution. Washington took up his headquarters here when he removed from Wadsworth House, and here Madam Washington joined him. Afterward the estate passed into the hands of various owmers : was used as a lodging house by Harvard professors when the widow Craigie owned it ; was occupied by such distinguished persons as Jared Sparks, Edward Everett, and Worcester, the dictionary maker ; and finally became the home of the poet Longfellow. It is now occupied by a daughter, Miss Alice Longfellow, and next to it is the home of another daughter who married a public-spirited citizen, Richard H. Dana, son of the distin- guished lawyer who wrote " Two Years Before the Mast," and grandson of the poet of the same name. About ten minutes' walk on Brattle Street beyond the Longfellow house brings us to the corner of Elmwood Avenue, which leads past the familiar Lowell house, where James Russell Lowell was born, and which was his lifelong home. The seclusion of the house, which Lowell so much enjoyed, is now impaired by the parkway which skirts the Lowell grove. Mt. Auburn Street itself has been mod- ernized by a succession of public hospitals and the like. Back of these hospitals, on the river, the curious visitor may behold the site where Leif Lowell House 108 MOUNT AUBURN Ericson built his house in the year iooi, or thereabout, — according to the identification of Professor Eben N. Horsford, whose other memorials of supposed Norsemen we shall encounter later. Close at hand is Mount Auburn, celebrated for its natural beauty, as well as for the distinguished dead who lie buried here. In the vestibule of the brownstone chapel at the left of the entrance to the cemetery are the much-admired statues of John Winthrop (by Greenough), John Adams (by Randall Rogers), James Otis (by Thomas Crawford), and Joseph Story (by his son). Turning to the left we seek Fountain Avenue and the graves of the Rev. Charles Lowell, of his son, James Russell Lowell, and of the latter's three nephews, all of whom were killed in the Civil War. " Some choice New England stock in that little plot of ground." On the ridge back of this lot is the monument of Longfellow, and near by (on Lime Avenue) the grave of Holmes. If, instead of turning to the left from the entrance, we ascend the hill to the right, passing the statue of Bow- ditch, the mathematician, we shall come to the old Gothic chapel now used as a crematory. Facing this stands the famous Sphinx, the work of Martin Milmore. Among other monuments in various parts of the cemetery are those of William Ellery Charming (Green-Briar Path), Hosea Ballou (Central Avenue), Charles Sumner (Arethusa Path), Edward Everett (Magnolia Avenue), Charlotte Cushman (Palm Avenue), Edwin Booth (Anemone Path), Louis Agassiz (Bellwort Path), Anson Burlingame (Spruce Avenue), Samuel G. Howe (near Spruce Avenue), and Phillips Brooks (Mimosa Path). In the Fuller lot (Pyrola Path) is a monument to Margaret Fuller Ossoli. From the cemetery a Huron Avenue car will take us to the Astro- nomical Observatory, and by walking through the observatory grounds we can reach the Harvard Botanic Garden, laid out in 1S07. This garden, open to the public, is full of interesting features, such as a bed of Shakespearean flowers, another of flowers mentioned by Virgil, and still another of such quaint plants as grew in an old-time New England garden. The sight-seeing resources of Cambridge are not yet exhausted, but the sight-seer may be ; and so from the Botanic Garden we will take a car Bostonward, stopping, however, at the Subway for a finishing tour about Harvard Square. At the corner of Dunster Street we may observe the site, marked by a tablet, of the house of Stephen Daye, first printer in British America, 1638-1648. Here were printed the " Bay Psalm- Book " and Eliot's Indian Bible. Farther down Dunster Street, at the corner of Mt. Auburn Street, is marked the site of the first meetinghouse in Cambridge, set up in 1632; and still farther down, at the corner of South Street, that of the house of Thomas Dudley, founder of Cambridge, who lived here in 1630. BROOKLINE 109 From the south side of Massachusetts Avenue leads off Bow Street, once the great highway through these parts ; and here may still be seen the colonial mansion occupied in prerevolutionary days by Colonel David Phips. In the same street the regicides Whalley and Goffe were in hiding (1660) until the king, learning of their presence, ordered their arrest ; they fled to New Haven. Just above Bow Street is Plympton Street, where, shut in by modem brick dormitories, is a fine wooden colonial mansion, constructed about 1761 by the Rev. East Apthorp, rector of Christ Church. Mr. Apthorp, it was supposed, aspired to be a bishop, and consequently his house was called in derision the "Bishop's Palace." Burgoyne was lodged here after his surrender at Saratoga. Taking an electric car again, or a Subway train, we return to Boston. Two hundred years ago this would have been a ride on horseback, or in a chaise, of eight miles, and over a rough road. Now it is a trip of three or four miles, accomplished luxuriously by the car in less than half an hour, while by the Subway it may be made in less than half that time. Cotton Mather would have shuddered at the change, and yet the university is now so large and so completely a little w r orld in itself that even the proximity of Boston can hardly ruffle its composure or divert its scholastic energies. BROOKLINE Brookline is the richest suburb of Boston and in many respects the most attractive, with numerous beautiful estates and tasteful " villas " and charming drives. During all the years since its population entitled it to a city charter, its people have steadfastly refused to give up their primitive government by the New England town meeting, just as they have declined all propositions looking to annexation to Boston, although their territory is embraced on three sides by the encroaching munici- pality. It began, however, as a possession of Boston. As " Muddy River," so first called from the stream which still bears the name and contributes no little to the attractiveness of the Fenway section of the Boston City Parks System, its fertile fields were originally utilized by the chief settlers at Boston as a " grazing-place for their swine and other cattle, while corn" was on the ground in Boston. For a time, through this usage, it was known as " Boston Commons." It was set off as an independent town only in 1705, when the name of Brooklyn was given it, and its inhabitants were " enjoyned to build a meeting- house and obtain an Orthodox minister," — so closely were civic and ecclesiastical prerogatives blended in the government then. We may reach Brookline from Boston easily, quickly, and cheaply I IO BACK BAY FENS by several routes. The Newton Circuit line of the New York Central Railroad (South Station, or Trinity Place Station, a few steps from Copley Square) skirts and traverses the town, and has four stations within its borders. Various trolley lines cover it more generally, — via Tremont Street and Roxbury Crossing to Brookline Village ; via Boyls- ton and Ipswich streets and Brookline Avenue to the same point ; via Beacon Street to the Chestnut Hill reservoir; via Huntington Avenue and Brookline Village to several destinations. For the purpose of rapid exploration the trolley is superior to the steam railway, and the last-named Agassiz Bridge in the Fens line is the most convenient. In the Subway, or on Boylston Street or Huntington Avenue, or at Copley Square we may take any outward-bound car bearing the legend " Brookline Village via Huntington Avenue." Leaving Copley Square we soon begin to pass the remarkable suc- cession of notable buildings and institutions about and beyond Massa- chusetts Avenue to the Brookline line, described on pages 90-91 F. On the left, opposite the Opera House, overlooking the abandoned grounds of the Baseball Club, southward, we get a fair view of the roofs and towers of the Roxbury district of the city. On our right, beyond the ex- panse of land reclaimed from the primeval salt marsh, or between the structures and blocks of houses here facing the avenue, we catch glimpses of the Back Bay Fens (see p. 91), part of the Boston City Parks System, ultimately to be developed into a region of rare beauty, which follow the general course of the tortuous Muddy River from its mouth at the RIVERWAY in Charles to a point near Brookline Avenue, where they narrow into the Riverway. The Riverway, passing out from the Fens, follows the line of Muddy River through Brookline into Olmsted Park (this comprises what were at first Leverett Park, Jamaicaway, and Jamaica Park) in the Jamaica Plain district of Boston. Here connection is made with the Arnold Arboretum, West Roxbury district (the territory of the Bussey Institution, Harvard University), which in turn connects with the ex- tensive Franklin Park lying between the Roxbury, West Roxbury, and Dorchester districts. Thence this lovely chain of parkways and parks from the Back Bay district is continued. by Dorchesterway and the Strandway to Marine Park at City Point, South Boston. The most im- portant part of the Riverway, including the main driveway, lies within Boston limits, while some of its most charming features and scenic effects are found in the Brookline section. It is crossed by Brookline and Long- wood avenues. Tremont Street separates it from Olmsted Park. Near the Tremont entrance to the Fens from Huntington Avenue we get a view, on the right, of Fenway Court and Simmons College, and next in our immediate neighborhood, also on the right, appear the cluster of high-grade public school houses, and the fine assemblage of Harvard Medical School and other buildings, all described in earlier pages (see pp. 91 e, 91 f). A little farther on we pass the House of the Good Shep- herd, a worthy Catholic institution for the shelter and reclamation of way- ward women and girls, — the large brick structure set in ample grounds. Southward, on high land on South Huntington Avenue, is the Vincent Memorial Hospital, in memory of Mrs. Vincent of the old Boston Museum. As we cross the Riverway just at the foot of Leverett Pond, into which the river here widens, a pleasing vista opens out to the left. On either side of the tranquil lake are superb driveways, which of a pleasant afternoon are crowded with vehicles. A few rods farther on we are brought to our immediate destination, Village Square, where free trans- fers to other trolley lines may be made. Since our present object is to see something of the historical side of Brookline, as well as the part wherein is most exhibited the progress attained in the art of the landscape archi- tect, we will here transfer to another car. We may remark in passing that on the left of the street (Washington) by which we entered the square stood in the old days the "Punch-Bowl Tavern," built about 1730, — before the Revolution a favorite junketing place for British officers from the Boston garrison, and for nearly a century the stopping place of the stagecoaches for Worcester and other inland towns, and for the great goods wagons, the pioneers of our modern freight trains. Boylston Street, originally the Worcester turnpike, branches off to the left, and since the Ipswich Street line of cars from Boston, mentioned H2 POINTS OF INTEREST IN BROOKLINE above, continues out through this street, we will take one of them for the rest of our journey in this direction. For a little way the street is lined with buildings more utilitarian than elegant, but soon we pass on the left the immense and modernly complete William H. Lincoln Schoolhouse and enter upon a region of large and imposing estates, rising to either side of the road on the great pudding-stone ledges, the country rock of all this section. In two or three minutes more we come face to face with the granite gatehouse of the old Brookline Res- ervoir (fifty years ago the chief distributing basin of the Boston Water- works), still in service, though its capacity is diminutive as compared with reservoirs of later date or with the needs of the city. Here we will leave the car for a stroll over earless streets in Brook- line's choicest parts. We take Warren Street up the hill to Walnut Street, the first turn to the left. On either side are handsome dwellings with generous grounds, and on the far corner of Walnut Street stands the fine stone church of the old First (Unitarian) Parish. A little way below, on Walnut Street, is the ancient Town Burying Ground, lying close to the sidewalk, a serene old-time inclosure encompassed by modern structures, with mounds and vales, rural paths and vener- able trees. Near the street, one of the highest of the mounds contains the tombs of the Gardner and Boylston families, both prominent in Brookline town history. Perhaps the most eminent Boylston who lies here was Dr. Zabdiel Boylston, who introduced in America the practice of inoculation, as the tablet's extended inscription relates. He died in 1766, aged 87. The slab over the Gardner tomb contains thirty names, among them that of the single minuteman from Brookline killed at Lexington. A near-by ancient headstone informs that the widow of the Rev. Increase Mather of Boston lies buried here. Returning to Warren Street (named for the famous Boston surgeon, Dr. John C. Warren, who owned the lands through which it winds), we may continue for a mile or more between splendid estates with stately houses set in velvety lawns fringed with trees. At the opening of Dudley Street is the fine old " Clark house," built early in the nine- teenth century, latterly the home of Frederick Law Olmsted, the noted landscape architect, to whose skill a good part of the town owes much of its beauty. The extensive country seat beyond it, covering many acres, is the Gardner place, that of the late John L. Gardner; and on the left hand is the beautiful Sargent place, the estate of Professor Charles S. Sargent, perhaps the richest in the town as regards landscape. At Cottage Street Warren Street turns off abruptly to the right and, after a somewhat erratic course, loses itself in Heath Street, which emerges upon Boylston Street just above the Reservoir. On the POINTS OF INTEREST IN BROOKLINE 113 right-hand farther corner of Cottage Street is the unique and celebrated old Goddard house, whose huge chimney bears the date 1730. Its quaint architecture, the old-fashioned garden which surrounds it, and the beauti- ful trees and shrubs which form its setting, make it one of the most worthy memorials of Province days. Next beyond, on the Warren Street side, is the castlelike country house of the late Barthold Schlesinger, behind noble trees and dominating a grand expanse, of diversified land- scape. Joining this extensive estate is the equally noteworthy Winthrop place, the former country seat of the late Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, its lands stretching to Clyde Street. A little farther along, on the left, is the Lee place, long the summer home of the late Henry Lee, a sterling Bostonian of his day ; on the right, the Augustus Lowell estate, — these among others; and where Warren Street ends in Heath, the Theodore Lyman estate, named by some authorities forty years ago as the finest of modern country seats in this region. We skirt this beautiful place as we continue through Heath Street. Turning down Boylston Street to the right, we soon see on the oppo- site (north) side of the way Fisher Avenue, which climbs over the hill of the same name on top of which are two reservoirs, one belonging to the city of Boston, the other to the town of Brookline. On the lower corner of Boylston Street stands the stately residence of Henry M. Whitney, its sides mantled in ivy. On a shaded slope, a little below, is the old Boylston house, occupying the site of the original homestead of the family, which was once almost seignorial in this town. Its head was Thomas Boylston, 2d, a surgeon who settled here in 1665, and whose son w T as the eminent Dr. Zabdiel Boylston, whose monument we saw in the old burying ground. One of the daughters was the wife of John Adams and mother cf the second President of the United States. Dr. Zabdiel Boylston built the present house. During the Revolution it sheltered some of the patriot troops. At Cottage Street, on our route through Warren, we might have turned off to the south for a walk to Jamaica Pond and Olmsted Park (Boston City Parks System), above a half mile distant; and at Clyde Street we might have taken a stroll southwest for three quarters of a mile to Clyde Park, the property of the Boston Country Chib, where the most fashionable racing events and golf and tennis matches here- abouts take place. But there is more to see in the northern part of the town. Accordingly we take a car back to Village Square, and change there to one marked " Reservoir " or " Lake Street." This conveys us along Washington Street, through the business center, past the post office, the steam railroad station, — trains cross underneath the street, — the 114 POINTS OF INTEREST IN BROOKLINE substantial granite Town Hall, and the Public Library (capacity of this library, 100,000 volumes) on the right. We now enter upon a region of ample, homelike-looking houses, generously encompassed by well- kept grounds. To our left we see Aspinwall Hill rise sharply, its sides here and there showing open patches of pleasant lawn among the tree-embowered estates. An occasional break in the line of front walls inclosing the Washington Street properties accommodates a "path " of steep stairs leading up to Gardner Road, the first of the series of streets partly encircling the hill. Many other3 there are, in sweeping curves or cres- cents, entering upon and continuing short bits of straight highway. The landscape architects have happily avoided the mistake of trying to lay out a swelling hilltop in rectangles. We may alight at Gardner Path, hedge- and vine-bordered, which will bring us up to the most picturesque part of Gardner Circle. To our left is the Blake estate, occupying part of the original Muddy River farm of the Rev. John Cotton, the early colonial minister of the church in Boston. Above, on one of the most sightly parts of the slope, stood, until this century opened, the old Aspinwall house, shaded by fine elms. Its site now bears a modern mansion. Dr. William Aspinwall, who built it in 1 803, was a notable physician in his day, a minuteman from the town, and a patriot all through the Revolution. His house — a grand one in its period, and to its last day a dignified, ample structure — was once the only dwelling on this side of the hill, and commanded the whole sweep of the Charles River and the then distant town of Boston in its outlook. Ascending to the top of the hill, if we desire, by a sort of switch-back arrangement of curving and gradually rising roads, we pass many attractive residences, mostly modern, our highest point being reached on the S-shaped Addington Road, two hundred and forty feet above sea level. From here, so far as the breaks between the rows of apartment houses will permit, we catch glimpses of country hills to the south, and of the village at our feet ; to the north, across the Beacon Street Boulevard, rises Corey Hill, two hundred and sixty feet high, formerly part of the extensive farm of Deacon Timothy Corey, now covered with modern estates. We can descend to the boulevard in a few minutes by Addington Path and Winthrop Road, and take any Pake Street or Reservoir car, west-bound, which will convey us shortly to Beacon Circle, directly facing which is the high embankment and gatehouse of the Chestnut Hill Reservoir, through which flows a great part of the water supply of Bos- ton. Here, to the left, is the High-Service Pumping Station, a group of solid buildings of some architectural merit, especially when seen across POINTS OF INTEREST IN BROOKLINE 115 the beautiful expanse of waters making up the reservoir. The pumps are among the largest and finest of their class. From this point our car turns to the right through Chestnut Hill Avenue, along the eastern edge of the reservoir, and immediately we reenter Boston. To our right are various roads with English and Scotch names, making up the Aberdeen District, an attractive and healthful addition to the city's " sleeping room," rapidly built up in the midst of what was primeval forest and ragged ledges of pudding stone. To our left, as we turn into Commonwealth Avenue, the grounds surrounding the twin lakes of the reservoir have been taken by the Metropolitan Water Board and converted into the Reservoir Park, one of the most restful and charming pleasure grounds to be found in the neighborhood of any great city. All around the winding outlines of the basin runs a trim driveway, and beside it a smooth gravel footpath. On all sides of the lake are symmetrical knolls, covered with forest trees and the greenest of turf. The banks to the water's edge are sodded and bor- dered with flowering shrubs ; and the stonework, which in one place carries the road across a natural chasm, and the great natural ledges, are mantled with clinging vines, and in autumn are aflame with the crimson of the Ampelopsis and the Virginia creeper. On the southern side, close to the narrow isthmus dividing the upper from the lower lake, stands a classical gatehouse, and behind it Chestnut Hill rears its wooded mass, crowned with some attractive dwellings. A pleasant, shaded road winds to the hilltop, w T hich commands a noble prospect. Our car continues along Commonwealth Avenue, which here crosses a high ridge. To the right the view embraces a pretty stone chapel, thrifty truck patches sloping away from our feet, a deep, verdant valley, with Strong's and Chandler's ponds nestling in its greenery. At the foot of the hill below us stands the Catholic Theological Seminary of St. John, a cluster of buildings imbedded in noble trees. The estate which it occupies was once an extensive country seat, known as the Stanwood place, comprising many acres of beautiful wooded land ; and much of its beauty in woodland has wisely been retained. On our left we pass Evergreen Cemetery, and beyond several handsome estates set well back from the street. At the foot of the hill, Lake Street, we reach-the boundary line of the city of Newton, and here is a little transfer station, where we change to a car marked " Norumbega Park," which traverses the beautiful extension of the famous Boston avenue, — this part called the Newton Boulevard, — leading to various sections of Newton and to the country town of Weston. Ii6 NEWTONS AND WESTON THE NEWTONS AND WESTON Along Newton Boulevard to the Newtons and Weston. From the trans- fer station at Lake Street (reached by all electric cars from the Boston Subway or Copley Square marked " Lake Street") our car first climbs the long slope of Waban Hill, the highest of Newton's many hills, — three hundred and twenty feet, — lined with modern houses whose chief recommendation is the charming outlook which they enjoy. On the summit, to our right, is the reservoir of the city of Newton. From this point the road stretches out in graceful, sweeping curves for about five miles, to the stout stone bridge crossing the Charles River to Weston, at nearly the westernmost apex of the town. The road is practically perfect, — a broad, smooth driveway on either side of a turfed and shaded park through which the double tracks of the trolley line run, per- mitting of high speed. Advantage has been taken of the naturally diversified configuration of the country to make the highway as pictur- esque as possible, and we smoothly climb lofty ridges, gayly swing down their farther slopes, wind around the shoulders of swelling knolls, and w r hirl through shady forest depths in as much comfort and with nearly as much speed as the occupants of the many automobiles which find this their most delightful trip out of Boston. We pass between the villages of Newton, Newtonville, and West Newton on our right ; Newton Center, Newton Highlands, and Waban on our left, and through one edge of Auburndale, which here skirts the river. Our terminus is the favorite pleasure ground called Norumbega Park, where the trolley company has provided on the shore of the stream a variety of attractions for many tastes, — an open-air theater, zoological gardens, an extensive cafe, and a large boathouse, where canoes and rowboats may be hired. A launch plies the river between the park and Waltham, making hourly trips daily, afternoon and evening. Canoeing is the all-engrossing sport on this part of the river, and just around the bend to our left is the Riverside Recreation Ground. We cannot see it, for a high wooded promontory shuts off our view ; but we may take a canoe and paddle up through the stone arch of the Weston Bridge, and in a few minutes we shall be in the thick of the fleet at Riverside, where on a pleasant afternoon or evening the water is often so densely covered that one might almost cross the stream by stepping from one canoe to another. Frequently during the summer the fleet parades, decorated with lanterns, bunting, and flowers, and various water fetes are held at odd times. The grounds and boathouses are extensive and well equipped; and near by are the houses of the Newton Boat Club, the Boston Canoe Club, and the Boston Athletic Association, NEWTONS AND WESTON 117 whose large membership helps to swell the crowds upon the river on these occasions. As we stand at the Weston Bridge, looking west, the noble mass of Doublet Hill, with its twin summits respectively three hundred and forty and three hundred and sixty feet high, rises directly before us. On the hither slope appears the great equalizing reservoir, having a channel leading to it and great sixty-inch mains down from it to and across the river, which was constructed by the Metropolitan Water Board, the work beginning in 1902. A thirteen-mile aqueduct, much of it tunneled through the rock, brings the water from the Sudbury dam in South- boro, through Framingham, Wayland, and Weston, to this new res- ervoir. The huge mains constructed during the summer of 1902 along the Newton Boulevard now convey the additional supply to the Chestnut Hill basins. From its summit Doublet Hill presents a fine view of the surrounding country, and its ascent is easy, either by a path through the wood or via South Avenue (which forms the western continuation of Common- wealth Avenue through Weston and Wayland) and Newton Street, which branches off a little to the right and leads to Weston village and the sta- tion of the Boston & Maine Railroad. If we take the latter course we shall pass the residences of many professional and business men, who find Weston a quiet and healthful home. Thus far the trolley has not invaded the old town to any considerable extent ; but in connection with a line from Waltham, ultimately the ubiquitous electric cars will be whizzing and clanging through the shady streets, so long sacred to private vehicles. To the left of South Avenue, East Newton Street pursues a winding course to the river at Newton Lower Falls, a factory village, where one may take a train for Boston if he so desires. On the way one passes "Kewaydin," the extensive estate of the late Francis Blake (inventor of the Blake telephone transmitter), a castellated structure standing on a high, stone-walled bank. But probably the most generally interesting spot to be reached by a short walk from Weston Bridge is the famous Norumbega Tower, built by the late Professor Eben N. Horsford to commemorate the site of the Norsemen's fort founded by Leif Ericson about the year 1000, as Professor Horsford held. He elaborately carried out his identification of Watertown with the Vinland of the Northmen, and traced their wharves, canals, docks, and walls along the river to this point, the site of their stronghold, where may still be seen — at least the professor saw them — the remains of the moat and dam w T hich the Northmen constructed. On this walk a short distance up South Avenue w r e take the first turn n8 NORTHERN NEWTONS to the right, River Street, and follow that street along the riverside for about half a mile, to the mouth of Stony Brook, which divides Weston from Waltham. The tower is a structure of field stone, with an inside staircase giving access to a lookout at the top, and it bears a tablet upon which is inscribed a detailed description of the Norsemen's works according to Professor Horsford's theory. Here the waters of Stony Brook are collected by a dam across the mouth of the narrow gorge, forming one of the reservoirs of the city of Cambridge. Beyond it, the towering bulk of Prospect Hill, in Waltham, cuts off further view in this direction. We might reach Prospect Hill by a walk of about three miles, but it would be better to return to Norumbega Park and Boston. The Northern Newtons. By way of varying our route and seeing some- thing of the northern Newtons, we will take an electric, which turns off the boulevard at Washington Street and follows that chief thoroughfare of this section down the steep incline through West Newton, a conven- ient and — away from the railroad — a pretty residential section. This is also the civic center of Newton, the City Hall standing near the New York Central Railroad station. We pass it soon after reaching the foot of the hill, Washington Street swinging around to the right and hence- forward following the steam railroad tracks. These were depressed some years ago, at great expense, so as entirely to eliminate grade crossings — of which there were many — throughout the city. This street is the chief business avenue all along through Newtonville to Newton, — anciently Newton Comer, — where our line ends and we may transfer to cars for other villages or for Boston, via Brighton and Commonwealth Avenue. Taking one of the latter, a ride of less than five minutes through Tremont Street brings us to Waverley Avenue, where we alight if we wish to see the Eliot Monument, commemorating the first preaching to the Indians by John Eliot, " the apostle." It is rather a stiff climb up Waverley Avenue to Kenrick Street (on the left), and a few minutes' walk along Kenrick Street to a lane on the right, which leads a few steps down to the unique monument, — a handsome balustraded ter- race, on the face of which are set tablets bearing the names of Eliot and his associates, and this inscription : Here at Nonantum, Oct. 28, 1646, in Waban's wigwam near this spot, John Eliot began to preach the gospel to the Indians. Here he founded the first Christian community of Indians within the English colonies. The view from the top of the terrace is very fine. It embraces much of the ground which we traversed on our way out from Boston, NEWTON AND WELLESLEY 119 including the wooded slope of Waban Hill just opposite, Strong's and Chandler's ponds in the valley to our left, and St. John's Catholic Seminary in its grove close beside the Boulevard. We may, if we wish, cross over Waban Hill via Waverley and Grant avenues, returning to Lake Street transfer station, and choose one of two or three pleasant routes back to the city. The cars via Coolidge's Corner and the Beacon Street boulevard will show us all the latest tri- umphs of the builder's art in blocks and apartment houses ; those via Commonwealth Avenue will take us swiftly over a magnificent ridge, — the northwestern end of Corey Hill, — from the top of which a sweep- ing view is had of Boston, Cambridge, and many towns beyond. The road is winding and runs up hill and down dale, like its Newton pro- longation ; and since it is not fully built up as yet, and there are few intersecting streets, our speed is but little less than that of the automo- biles which make this a favorite course. Either car we may take will soon bring us back to Copley Square or the Subway. Newton was originally part of Cambridge, but in 1691 was set off as Newton by the General Court, its previous designation having been Little Cambridge. Its Indian name of Nonantum is perpetuated in one of the least attractive of its many villages, — a manufacturing hamlet on the north side, separated from Watertown only by the river. The area within the city limits is nearly thirteen thousand acres, and its contour is very diversified, a number of fine hills rising to heights of from two hundred to three hundred and twenty feet. The Charles River forms the meandering boundary line, separating Newton from Watertown, Waltham, Weston, Wellesley, and Needham, successively. The main line and also the Newton Circuit branch of the New York Central Railroad traverse the city and serve the various sections with a dozen stations. A number of electric lines, radiating mostly from the business center, — anciently Newton Corner, now plain Newton, — thread all sections. NEWTON AND WELLESLEY The many trolley lines radiating from Boston to all its suburbs make it easy to reach widely separated places of interest in a single afternoon, or at most in a day. In such a trip could be included the southern Newtons, Wellesley, Natick, Needham, Waltham, and Watertown. The territory embraced in these places is very extensive ; but if, instead of describing the wide arc of a circle including them, one traverses several chords of that arc, the various points are easily and rapidly covered. Essaying first the southernmost of these chords, we may take a Boston & Worcester car in Park Square, thence ride out through Brookline and Newton via Boylston Street and its continuations in Wellesley, 120 NEWTON AND WELLESLEY almost in a bee line to Natick ; or we may take at the Subway a car for the Reservoir, or any marked " Lake Street," and change there for a car passing along the Newton Boulevard to Washington Street, New- ton ; thence to the left through Auburndale and the " Lower Falls " to the same destination. If we choose the route last mentioned, — by way of the Newton Boulevard, — our course from the intersection of the Boulevard and Washington Street, in Newton, is up quite a steep rise, past the Woodland Park Hotel on the right, — a roomy, wooden building, in wide-spreading, shaded grounds. At the next street opening above we get a glimpse of the large building of the Lasell Seminary, a noted school for girls ; and a little farther on we cross the track of the Newton Circuit steam line, the Woodland station being close at our right. We pass attractive houses by the way, nearly all surrounded by generous grounds and several shaded by natural forest trees. As we cross Beacon Street we pass the Newton Hospital, an excellent example of the cottage type of such institutions, standing in large and well-kept grounds. Our course continues in the same general direction, southwest, to Newton Lower Falls, a small, conventional factory village, where the water power of the Charles River has been utilized to propel woolen mills and one or two paper mills since about 1790. An ancient burying ground here contains the graves of Revolutionary soldiers. At this point we cross the river and enter the town of Wellesley. For the rest of our way the trolley track parallels the main line of the New York Central Railroad. That part of Wellesley through which we first pass is locally known as "The Farms" though the village and railroad station are some distance to our right. Wellesley is by nature one of the most picturesque towns in eastern Massachusetts, and its natural beauties have been enhanced by the art of the landscape architect. As we continue along Washington Street, to our left rises Maugus Hill, three hundred feet high, on top of which is the town reservoir. About a mile from the town line we pass the neat stone Wellesley Hills station of the steam railroad, which just above has made its way through a deep rock cutting in the high ledge. Above the station is the Welles- ley High School building. Beyond is an attractive stone church (Uni- tarian). Nearly a mile farther, in a picturesque inclosure of ten acres, shaded by fine trees and bordered on its hither side by a gurgling brook overhung with water willows, stands the Wellesley Town Hall and Public Library building, a gift to the town by the late H. Hollis Hunnewell, all complete, in 1881, when the town was set off from Needham and incorporated (its name being taken from Mr. Hunnewell's notable estate, WELLESLEY 121 which in turn was named from Mrs Hunnewell's maternal grandfather, Samuel Welles, who about 1750 owned the place). The Town Hall is of stone, in the style of a French chateau, with porch facing the square, surmounted by a clock. The library is a distinct part of the building, with a separate entrance. A short distance beyond we come to Wellesley Square, where is the Needham trolley line. Here carriages may be taken for a drive to the Hunnewell estate, which is generously open to the public. An hour may profitably be given to visiting it. The grounds embrace five hundred acres, of which sixty acres nearest the house have a frontage on the beautiful Lake Waban, named for the Indian chief who was Eliot's first convert. Two long avenues of fine trees extend from the public way to the house, on one side of which is a vast lawn, on the other a French parterre, or architectural garden. Broad nights of stairs lead down therefrom to the parapet wall along the lake front, through successive terraces with evergreens on either side, trimmed into various fanciful forms. Along the lake shore is an Italian garden, with prim array of formal clipped trees. Great hedges of hemlock and arbor vitae, fine vistas down avenues of purple beeches and white pines, extensive conservatories, and a graceful azalea tent, all add to the charm of the place. Near by is the Robert G. Shaw estate, a picturesque mansion house set among fine trees and surrounded by beautiful lawns. Not far away — just where the Charles River in one of its most sinuous bends forms the boundary line between Wellesley and Dover — is the Cheney place, country seat of Mrs. B. P. Cheney, widow of a pioneer in the express business of America and in transcontinental railroads, an estate of two hundred acres. The views up and down the river here enhance the natural beauties of the land, which is highly diversified. The estate is laid out in a mingling of lawns, flower gardens, woods, groves, meadows, and fields. The five great elms which surround the house, tradition says, were brought from Nonantum, now Newton, and planted here by one of the friendly Indian tribe whom Eliot taught. The lawn of six- teen acres, inclosed by fine hedges, is one of the noteworthy features. Still farther south — indeed almost at the southern boundary of the town, where Ridge Hill, two hundred feet high, slopes to the placid waters of Sabrina Pond — is the famous Ridge Hill farm, of eight hun- dred and seventy acres. This attained most of its fame during the life- time of a former owner, William Emerson Baker, who made a fortune in sewing machines, and who delighted in giving great fetes here on occa- sion, providing for the amusement and mystification of his guests vari- ous surprises, droll and bewildering, sumptuous feasts, and odd sports. 122 W FLLESLEY COLLEGE But Wellesley's chief fame lies in Wellesley College, for women, which crowns the rounded hilltops on the north side of Waban Lake, toward which its 300 acres of grounds gently slope. On the lake are the col- lege boathouses, whence on " Float Day " go forth the class crews of young women to show off their prowess as oarswomen before the admiring gaze of relatives and friends ashore. The college is at the left of Central Street, through which our car continues on its way to Natick. A short distance beyond the square, as we cross Blossom Street, we catch the first glimpse of the buildings and pass Fiske Cot- tage at one of the entrances to the grounds. A little beyond, the white dome and low, square building of the Whitin Observatory — gift of Mrs. Sarah E. Whitin of Whitinsville — cap a gentle hillock. As we near the North Lodge, opposite, across the valley, on the crest of a fine ridge, stands College Hall, the main building, designed by Hammatt Billings. Its ground plan is a double Latin Cross, and its facades are broken by bays, pavilions, and porches, topped by towers and spires. Within, the great central hall is open to the glass roof, eighty feet above. In this building are the college offices. Other buildings are Stone Hall, gift of Mrs. Valeria G. Stone of Maiden, devoted to botanical work and dormitories, on another knoll overlook- ing the lake ; the Farnsworth Art Building, gift of Isaac D. Farnsworth of Boston, on an eminence opposite College Hall; the Music Hall, the Memorial Chapel, gift of Miss Elizabeth G. and Clement S. Houghton of Boston in memory of their father; the Chemistry Building; a group of dormitories of Elizabethan architecture ; Mary Hemenway Hall, with the Gymnasium ; the Library, endowed by Professor Eben N. Horsford ; the Alice Freeman Palmer Memorial. The main avenue winds through woodland and meadow from College Hall to the East Lodge at the entrance on Washington Street. Wellesley College was founded by the Hon. Henry F. Durant, formerly a conspicuous member of the Massachusetts bar, who died in Wellesley in 1SS1, aged fifty-nine. The greater part of his fortune was devoted to its establishment as a non-sectarian institution for the purpose " of giving to young women oppor- tunities for education equivalent to those usually provided in colleges for young men." In this work he had the ardent cooperation of his wife, Mrs. Pauline Adeline (Fowle) Durant, who continues, since his death, her devotion to the work which jointly they planned. The college was chartered in 1S71 and formally opened in 1875. The scheme of its founder included these features: a faculty of women and a selected board of trustees composed of both women and men, in whom the property of the college and its official control should be vested. Our car passes for nearly a mile along the northern side of the college estate, and at the farther end stands another lodge at its western entrance. NATICK AND NEEDHAM 123 NATICK AND NEEDHAM We continue along Central Street and soon cross the line into the town of Natick. At our left rises Broad 's Hill, three hundred feet high ; at our right is the railroad, close alongside. We reach Natick station in fifteen minutes from Wellesley Square. The village is chiefly devoted to shoe manufacturing. Here is the Morse Institute Library, founded by the bequest of Mary Ann Morse, who died in 1862. It was dedicated on Christmas day, 1873. Here also is the former homestead of Henry Wilson, the " Natick cobbler," as he was known for many years, who rose from the shoemaker's bench to the Senate of the United States and the Vice Presidency. It is a roomy, plain house of wood, painted white, standing back a little way from the street, under majestic elms. In the square near the station is the Soldiers' Monument of the Civil War, flanked by brass siege guns. A branch trolley line runs hence to Needham, and if we desire to see more relics of the Indian apostle Eliot, we may take the car to South Natick, only a mile and a half southeast. On the way we pass over Carver Hill, two hundred and eighty feet high, whence a splendid view of the upper Charles River country is gained. In the South Natick village center stood the Eliot Oak, under which, tradition says, Eliot preached his first sermon to his then newly established plantation of praying Indians, in 1650. Here he did much of his work of translating the Bible into the Indian language ; and here, in 1651, his converts built their first schoolhouse and church. Here, also, are to be seen the Eliot Monument, set up by the citizens in 1847, and the headstone from the grave of Daniel Takawambait, the first native minister, set into a granite block alongside the near-by sidewalk. The Eliot Church (Unitarian) is the fifth on the site of the rude structure reared by the red men. It is a typical New England meetinghouse of the early nineteenth century. It has no connection, except by name and location, with that founded by Eliot. South Natick is said to have been the original Oldtown of Harriet Beecher Stowe's " Oldtown Folks." From here to Needham, about five miles, the route lies mostly through a smiling farming country. We cross the Charles twice within a mile, and at Charles River Village, which we pass midw r ay, its waters drive some paper mills. Needham is a quiet, dignified village of the conven- tional type, with a fine new high-school building and one or two other public edifices of brick. Changing here to a car for Newton, a ride of a mile north brings us to Highlandville, the north village of Needham, where a Carnegie public 124 ECHO BRIDGE library stands conspicuously, and where are a couple of shoe factories. Two miles farther, in a generally northeasterly direction, the trolley line again crosses the Charles River, which, since we left it at South Natick, has made divagations into Dover and Dedham, skirted West Roxbury, and has assumed a path of comparative rectitude as the boundary line between Needham and Newton. THE SOUTHERN NEWTONS The railway enters the factory village of Newton Upper Falls, and traverses several rather depressing streets in the zigzags necessary for the car to mount the lofty brownstone cliff through which the river cut its way in ages past, and at the foot of which the village nestles. It will interest us more if we leave the car just before it crosses the Rustic Bridge and Cave, Hemlock Gorge bridge and take the path, plainly marked, to the left, into Hemlock Gorge, one of the smallest but most picturesque of the Metropolitan Park Reser- vations. Its area is only about twenty-four acres, but it includes a wild, rocky chasm, through which the swift, narrow river makes its way, dense thickets, and a grand growth of old hemlocks towering over all. This park was established in 1895. At its upper end is the famous Echo Bridge, perhaps the most photographed bit of masonry in the neighbor- hood of Boston. It is a finely proportioned structure, reminding one much of the noted Cabin John Bridge near Washington, though on a smaller scale. It is the means by which the aqueduct from the Sudbury River crosses the Charles on its way to Boston. We may walk across it, enjoying the attractive outlook over the river, the falls, and the gorge, NEWTON CENTER 125 and descend by the stone stairs to the bank of the stream and try the remarkable echoes which give the bridge its name. From the northern end of the bridge a narrow plank walk between two houses brings us out to Chestnut Street, where we may again take the car, which, sweep- ing around the right, along the edge of the high cliff, gives a good view of the village at its foot. The most direct route from Boston to Echo Bridge and Hemlock Gorge is by a Boston & Worcester trolley car, which passes over the Back Bay, through Brook- line and Newton, directly to the upper end of the Gorge, where the deep, black water sweeps through the narrow chasm close beside the track. Alighting here, one can explore the reservation in a short time. By this route, also, it is a delight- ful ride to Wellesley Hills (where the line crosses that of the Natick cars by which we came out), and so on to Framingham and Worcester. Continuing a mile or so farther, in the same general direction, we cross the tracks of the New York Central Railroad, and also those of the Boston & Worcester electric railway, at the neat and busy village of Newton Highlands. All about on the swelling slopes, in attractive modem houses, dwell many of Boston's business men. Swinging around to the left into Walnut Street, our course is over a wooded eminence thickly studded with residences. Descending its farther slope, we pass on our left the Gothic arched entrance of the Newtoii Cemetery, one of the most beautiful, by nature and art, of any around Boston. A little farther down we see, away to our left, the great power house of the street railway system. At the Newton Boulevard, where is a commodious waiting room, one may transfer to cars for Boston or to other parts of Newton. We might take a side trip hence to Newton Center via Homer Street, but the route is not particularly attractive ; a better way to that pretty village is reached by taking a Boulevard car from Boston, and changing at Centre Street. This route passes the old burying ground of the town, where lie the first settlers, a great granite monument of modem date bearing their names. Of a later period are the graves of heroes of the French and Indian and Revolutionary wars, — Major General William Hull, Brigadier General Michael Jackson and sons, officers in the Revolu- tion, the son and namesake of the apostle Eliot, and others noted in the early annals of the town. The old first parish church formerly fronted this ground, and its first pastor was buried here in 1668. At Newton Center are many beautiful residences, and on Institution Hill stand the buildings of the Newton Theological Institution, founded by the Baptists in 1826, as a training school for the ministry. Its grounds are extensive, and the view in all directions is inspiring. Within the past i 2 6 NEWTON VILLE few years, under the presidency of the Rev. Nathan E. Wood, D.D., much money has been added to the funds of the school, a new library, chapel, and dormitories have been built, and the whole hilltop has been laid out in most attractive landscape style. At the foot of the hill lies Crystal Lake, as the former Wiswall's Pond is known. It was named from old Elder Wiswall, in whose homestead it was included. A splen- did road around its shores is one of the attractions of " the Center." The stone Baptist church, of Romanesque architecture, is one of the finest in Boston suburbs. But our car is bound north, to Newtonville, and immediately after crossing the Boulevard we pass a forest-covered hill on the left, while to our right is a deep, shady valley, through which brawls a swift brook down rocky ridges. It is a charming section, and some of the prettiest homes of the city are along this way. One famous estate which we soon go by is Brooklawn, once the home of General Hull, of Revolu- tionary fame ; since 1854 that of the late ex-Governor William Claflin, who dispensed hospitality to many distinguished guests here. Just beyond, on the left, is the stately High School ; on the other side, the Claflin School; and again on the left, the attractive house and grounds of the Newton Club. A little farther on we come to the business center of Newtonville, where we cross the New York Central tracks and Wash- ington Street. Here change may be made for Newton proper and most of the other villages. Soon we turn into Watertown Street and pass through the village of Nonantum, where on the left are the Nonantum worsted mills ; also a tiny pond, bearing the lofty title of Silver Lake. In a few minutes, turning sharply to the right, we are in Galen Street, in the small corner of Watertown lying south of the Charles, leading to the broad new bridge, replacing an old-time one, by which we are to cross into Watertown Square. As we cross the grand stone bridge we miss the granite tablets which were on either side of the old bridge. These were erected by the late Professor Eben N. Horsford, one of them to mark his Norsemen sites, — that on the left inscribed "Outlook upon the stone dam and stone- walled docks and wharves of Norumbega, the seaport of the Northmen in Vineland." The other had this inscription : " The old bridge by the mill crossed Charles River near this spot as early as 1641." WALTHAM It is but a few steps to Watertown Square, where cars from Boston and Cambridge arrive by several routes, and where we change to a car for Waltham. Our course all the way is along old Main Street, to the foot of Prospect Hill, at the terminus of the route. Here we alight WALTHAM 127 and, following the plain directions on guideboards, climb, first by the street crossing the Central Massachusetts Division of the Boston & Maine Railroad, and afterward by a winding path through the natural woodland park which the city of Waltham has made of the upper part of the hill, to its summit. From the outlook, four hundred and eighty- two feet above sea level, — the highest eminence in the Metropolitan dis- trict except the Great Blue Hill in Milton, — we may see to the north, on a clear day, as far as Kearsarge (seventy-five miles) and several other mountains of southern New Hampshire ; as w T ell as Wachusett, Watatic, and Asnybumskit in central Massachusetts. The view embraces all the towns within a radius of twenty miles or more. In taking this noble hill and laying it out as a reservation, the city has wisely refrained from " fixing it up " or making it a " parky " affair. Its wildness and naturalness are its chief charms. Returning to Main Street, we will take a car for about a mile east, passing along the pleasant, shaded thoroughfare, to the Common, on which stands the Soldiers' Monument, and near which is the station of the Fitchburg Division, Boston & Maine Railroad. A branch of the trolley company's lines to Newton, by the Moody Street bridge, crosses the Cha?-les River just south of the Common. On our way down from Prospect Hill, three or four blocks before reaching the Common, we pass on the left a great elm on the comer of Upper Main Street and Grant Avenue, w T hich bears a tablet stating that General Burgoyne's army halted under its branches when on the march from Saratoga to Cambridge in 1777. That was when Burgoyne and his men, taken prisoners at Saratoga, were being escorted by their Continental captors to imprisonment on Prospect Hill, Somerville, then a part of Charlestown. One division of the prisoners came this way, through Lexington ; the other, via Weston and Newton. The great works of the American Waltham Watch Company, on the south side of the river, for Waltham includes in its limits quite a slice of trans-Charles territory, attract many visitors. These are the most extensive watch-making factories in the world, and the buildings are not only immense but are ornamental in design and surrounded by handsome grounds adorned w T ith flower beds and shrubbery. Waltham is famous also as having been the birthplace and lifelong home of Nathaniel Prentiss Banks, " the bobbin boy " as he was called in the days of his early political successes, who became, successively and rapidly, inspector in the Boston Custom House, member of the legislature, member of constitutional con- vention, congressman and speaker of the House (after a contest lasting two months and requiring one hundred and thirty-two ballots to decide it), all [28 WATERTOWN before he was forty ; later, governor of the state, major general in the Civil War, congressman again, and United States Marshal. See his statue in the State House Park (p. 44). On lower Main Street, near the Watertown line, we pass on the left the famous old Governor Gore house, built by Christopher Gore, friend of Washington, governor and senator of Massachusetts, and donor of the first Harvard College Library, named for him Gore Hall. It is a sightly dwelling, well placed on a gentle slope overlooking the street and shaded by majestic elms. It is of brick, and in its early days was perhaps the finest of suburban residences. It was long preserved in its original char- acter by the family of the late Theophilus W. Walker, who for many years resided here. WATERTOWN We cross the boundary of Watertown and soon are at the village green, to the left, where the Soldiers' Monument stands, and there is a roomy playground for the children. Just beyond, the Public Library (a brick building with pillars in front), is perhaps the most noteworthy piece of modern architecture in the town center. On the river front, occupying a commanding position on rising ground, more impressive buildings are to be seen in the dignified group comprising the Per- kins Institution for the Blind, the beneficent establishment founded in 1826, developed by Dr. Samuel G. Howe from 1S29, and removed to this place in 191 2 from its original seat in South Boston. At the square in Watertown, the choice of three routes back to Boston is open to us: via North Beacon Street, along the river into Brighton and Allston; via Arsenal Street and Western Avenue into Cambridge ; and via Mount Auburn Street to Cambridge Subway. The second is the proper way if one washes to visit the United States Arsenal, a collection of large buildings of brick, with slate roofs, inclosed in one hundred acres of grounds, lying between Arsenal Street and the river. Here is a complete equipment of machinery, heavy and fine, for the manufacture of artillery, projectiles, and gun carriages. Permission to enter and view the works is easily obtained from the commandant's office. Close at hand also are the yards of the Watertown Cattle Market, beside the railroad station known as Union Market. But the route toward Boston which contains most of historic interest, as well as attractiveness of surroundings, is that by Mount Auburn Street, which diverges from the square to the left of the other two. Since we may change cars here, it will pay us to walk a few rods to Marshall Street, turning up to the left to read the tablet marking the site of the Marshall Fowle House, in which General Joseph W T arren WATERTOWN 129 spent the night before the battle of Bunker Hill. James Warren, his successor as president of the Provincial Congress, afterward occupied this Fowle house, and here his wife entertained Mrs. Washington in 1775, when on her way from Mount Vernon to Cambridge in her own coach and four, with negro postilions in liveries of scarlet and white, a guard of honor, and a military escort. There was some pomp and gorgeousness even in those simple and primitive republican days. Next beyond Marshall Street (left) is Common Street, one of the most interesting points in our journey, for here is the old burying ground and churchyard of the fourth meetinghouse of the First Parish. The building itself was demolished in 1836, and its successor was placed nearer the business center of the town. In this old church, built in 1755, were held the Boston town meetings during the Siege, and here — as a massive stone tablet against the fence informs — sat the Pro- vincial Congress from April 22 to July 19, 1775; here the "Great and General Court," or Assembly, was originated and held its sessions from July 29, 1775, to November 9, 1776, and from June 2 to 23, 1778. In March, 1776, this church was selected as the one in which to hold the observance of the Boston Massacre, when the oration was delivered by the Rev. Peter Thacher of Maiden, on " The Dangerous Tendencies of Standing Armies in Times of Peace." Nearly all the way to the Cambridge line we pass pleasant estates on either side ; but our next point of historic interest is at the corner of Grove Street, on the right, where the old burying ground, dating from 1642 and originally adjoining the first meetinghouse of the settlement, lies directly on the highway, separated from it only by a low wall. In the grass-grown and vine-covered grounds are ancient gravestones of quaint design, the earliest date being 1674. Here stands a granite obelisk, presented to the town on the one hundredth anniversary of the contests at Lexington and Concord by the descendants of John Coolidge, the one Watertown man killed in the running fight with the British flank guard near Arlington Heights. Continuing toward Cambridge we come to Belmont Street on the left, from which, if we choose, we may walk through Coolidge Street to another of the Norse memorials marked by Professor Horsford as the amphitheater or assembly place of those earliest discoverers. It is a spacious, natural, semicircular depression in the earth, its sloping sides broken into six terraces or benches, thickly grass-grown. Returning to Mount Auburn Street we are soon by the Mount Auburn station, and here we may take a train for Boston over the Fitchburg Division of the Boston & Maine Railroad, or a trolley car for the Cambridge Subway and the return to Boston. 130 MILTON MILTON AND THE BLUE HILLS The quickest way to reach Milton is by a train on the Milton branch of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, leaving the South Station at twenty-three minutes past each hour and reaching Milton station in about twelve minutes. The pleasantest way is by trolley car (Ashmont and Milton) from the Subway via Mount Pleasant ; or by elevated train to Dudley Street station, thence by surface car to Grove Hall transfer station, and changing there to a Milton car via Washington Street, Dorchester, and Codman Hill. Taking this last-mentioned route we have a particularly fine view of the harbor and islands from the point near Melville Avenue, where the street passes over one shoulder of Mount Bowdoin. We also pass several of the pleasantest estates in Dorchester, and the old Second Parish Church (on the left at Norfolk and Centre streets), dating from 1807, a typical New England meeting- house of that period. Farther on, as our route continues over Codman Hill, past the old Codman mansion house, now a daily farmhouse, we roll along under noble old trees and have a taste of real country air from the hillside, studded with buttercups in their season. At the village known as Milton Lower Mills, though the larger part of it is on the Boston side of the Neponset River, the Boston Elevated system ends and other lines start out, — for Dedham via Hyde Park, and for Brockton via Randolph, connecting at both points with lines to other places. Whether we have come out by steam or electricity, we shall want to walk about a little here. The chief industry of the village is the manufacture of chocolate, and the great stone-trimmed brick build- ings of the Walter Baker Company cover a large space on both sides of the river and utilize its considerable water power. From the bridge one gets a view on the left of the slight falls ; and in a rock rising above the water is set a bolt bearing a tablet with an inscription recording that the tide of April 16, 1S51, reached the top of the bolt. This was the famous high tide of the storm which destroyed the Minot's Ledge lighthouse, and was six feet eight and one-half inches above the average high water, here about ten feet. Only a little way beyond the bridge, on the Milton side, — a short flight of steps up from the Milton steam railroad station brings us directly to it, — stands the "Suffolk Resolves" house, shaded by three venerable English elms, which has been called the "birthplace of Amer- ican liberty." It is a two-story yellow, double house, of which one half is now devoted to a watchmaker's shop. Beside the pillared portico a marble tablet bears an inscription in antique Roman characters, relating the history of the Suffolk Resolves, which, adopted in this mansion by MILTON HILL 131 delegates from the Suffolk County towns September 9, 1774, "led the way to American Independence." At the time of the convention the house was the mansion of Daniel Vose, the great man of the section, owner of several of the industries of the town — his chocolate mills, founded in 1765, were the first in the colonies — and a zealous patriot. The convention was composed of delegates from the nineteen towns then comprised in Suffolk County, which also included all now embraced in Norfolk County. They had held their first session in the old Woodward Tavern at Dedham a day or two before. Paul Revere was the messenger who carried the Resolves to Philadelphia. Continuing up the gentle slope of Adams Street we pass several old- time houses on either side of the road. One on the right, just where Canton and Randolph avenues branch off, was in early days the Rising Sun Tavern. Canton Avenue is the direct route by the Great Blue Hill to Canton, while Randolph Avenue cuts through the Blue Hills Reserva- tion farther south, and continues on to Randolph and Brockton. A line of trolley cars (of the Old Colony system) diverging to the right lower down the slope, at Central Avenue, skirts the base of the hill, passes through Milton Center, and comes out in Randolph Avenue before reaching the Reservation, affording an easy means of arriving at this great pleasure ground, — the largest of the Metropolitan system. But there are reasons for prolonging our walk a little farther up Milton Hill, on Adams Street. All along the way are fine old estates which have been handed down from generation to generation of fami- lies noted in local — and some in national — annals. On the left side a pleasantly situated villa was the home of Mrs. A. D. T. Whitney, though her early home, in which her first works were written, was in Milton village. A few steps beyond, on the right, stands a house of modem exterior, well back from the street, in whose fabric is incor- porated the historic house of Governor Hutchinson, his country seat. To this house he withdrew at the time of the closing anti-tea meetings in the Old South Meetinghouse in Boston ; and it was from this house that he started on his final voyage to England in June, 1774, never, as it fell out, to return. Its situation is indeed a most pleasant one, as he described it to George III, and the view which it commands across the meadow at the foot of the hill is yet an exceptionally fine prospect. It is gratifying to observe that the great field in front, on the lower side of the street, has been taken for a public reservation, as Governor Hutchinson 's Meld, so that the lovely prospect is safe from the obstruction of buildings. Hutchinson's vast estate was confiscated in the Revolution and was subsequently sold. Since 1829 it has been in the Russell family. 132 MILTON At the top of the hill the old Dr. Holbrook mansion, built in 1S01, is noted for having been the scene of a brilliant entertainment to Lafayette during his last visit to America, in 1824. Beyond are the extensive estates so long associated with the Forbes family, — John M., the master spirit of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad for many years ; J. Malcolm, equally noted in connection with the American Bell Telephone Company; Captain Robert B. and J. Murray Forbes; also the fine country seat of the late Oliver W. Peabody of the Boston banking house of Kidder, Peabody & Co.; and farther on the summer place of his partner, the late Henry P. Kidder. At the old " Algerine Corner" — now commonplace Union Square — a road on the right diverges to the town center. At Otis Street, a little beyond, was, in provincial times, the estate of the royal governor, Jonathan Belcher, bought by him about 1 728, and his country seat during his service of about eleven years. It was he who placed along the road to Boston the Belcher milestones, one of which is to be seen in the wall of the Peabody place, bearing the legend " 8 miles to B Town House. The Lower way. 1734." Adams Street continues through the square past East Milton, a half mile farther on, a bustling village, its trade having a granite foundation, — quite naturally, for it adjoins West Quincy, where are the quarries which give to Quincy the title of " the granite city." We might pro- long our walk to East Milton and there take a car to Quincy, only three and a half miles distant. It would be better, however, to look over the northern part of Milton and go to Quincy by another route. From Union Square, Centre Street runs "cross town" to Randolph Avenue, which we left at the beginning of our walk. By way of Centre Street a walk of some three quarters of a mile would bring us to the old Town Cemetery, where rest the forefathers of many present citizens, the oldest gravestone bearing date of 1687. The Ministerial Tomb is near the entrance, and has a quaint inscription setting forth that it is " to be, abide and remain forever " as such. The names of the first minister, Peter Thacher, who died in 1727, his wife Susanna, and several succeeding ministers and their families are inscribed on the upright slab. Near the middle of this burying ground is a monument which attracts the most attention. This is the granite bowlder over the grave of Wendell Phillips and his wife. Phillips died February 2, 1884, and his body was first placed in the Phillips family tomb in the Old Granary Burying Ground, Boston, but after the death of Mrs. Phillips, two years later, it was removed hither. The inscription on the bowlder was written by him and it attests the simplicity and the chivalry of the man : BLUE HILLS RESERVATION 133 Ann and Wendell Phillips. Died April 24, 1886 February 2, li Aged 73. Aged 73. Passing through the burying ground we emerge near Randolph Avenue, where stands the famous old Milton Academy, founded in 1 805-1 806, and a good type of the New England academy of that epoch modernized. A little farther on, at White Street, we reach Milton Center, or Milton Churches, as this sec- tion is more generally known, the group of buildings set in the pleasant square and shaded by lofty elms. The twin churches, as the local title goes, are the Unitarian (succes- sor of the original First Parish Church) and the East Church (Evangeli- cal Congregational), founded in 1834, when the great schism in New England theology took place. Between them stands the Toivn House and at one side the high school. A fine Public Library of brick with granite trimmings is near completion close by. Here we may take the car which has come around through Central Avenue and now makes in a southeasterly direction for Randolph Avenue, which it follows for nearly a mile before the edge of the Blue Hills Reserva- tion is reached. Through the Reservation it runs for nearly two miles. Crossing the range between Chickatawbut Hill on the left and Hancock Hill on the right, one has a fine view over much of the chain of emi- nences, Great Blue Hill, away beyond Hancock, with the weather observatory and kite-flying station on its summit, being in plain sight fol a considerable distance. Observatory, Great Blue Hill 134 MATTAPAN AND THE NEPONSET From near the " twin churches " Thacher Street runs northwesterly for about a mile (past the site of the house built in 1689 by the Rev. Peter Thacher, first minister of the town) to the Blue Hills Parkway of the Metropolitan system, which leads into the western (or Great Blue) section of the Reservation. The trolley line, which runs through the parkway for a short distance, then, diverging, follows Blue Hill and Canton avenues south to Canton and Stoughton, furnishes a speedy means of reaching the Great Blue Hill. The car leaves one at a point where an easy foot path — cut through the woods from the old bridle path to the summit — emerges upon Canton Avenue. It is a pretty walk along the broad and shaded parkway to the river, which here is spanned by a new stone bridge, built by the Metropolitan Park Board. Crossing it we are in Mattapan, the most southwesterly village of the Dorchester District, Boston, whence we have a choice of ways for the return journey, — street cars via Blue Hill Avenue and Franklin Park, trains over the Milton branch from a station close by the river, or over the Midland Division, station half a mile north, at the crossing of Blue Hill Avenue. The Milton branch route takes us for two or three miles alongside, and twice across, the picturesque Neponset, whose shores are now protected by the Metropolitan Board, and amid whose wooded nooks one catches a glimpse of a rustic footbridge and the sheen of a little waterfall. QUINCY Quincy is quite easy of access either by train or trolley. By train from the South Station (Plymouth Division, New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad) the distance is eight miles and the fare fifteen cents. By electric car from Washington and Franklin streets to Neponset Bridge, or by the Ashmont and Milton line to Field's Corner, there transferring to the Neponset car, — and from Neponset Bridge to Quincy, — the distance is about the same, and the fare is ten cents. By either way the route is similar, — out through South Boston and the bay side of the Dorchester District to the village of Neponset at the mouth of the river (after crossing which we are in the bounds of the city of Quincy), but a short distance from the station and village of Atlantic, after which follow Norfolk Downs, Wollaston, and Quincy Center, — all within three miles. The tracks of the steam and electric roads run parallel and close to each other most of the way. Arrived at Quincy, all the places of historic interest are within a short radius. Right at the square, where the trolley line connects with other lines for the Weymouths, Brockton, and elsewhere, and within a gunshot QUINCY x 35 of the railroad station, stands the " Granite Temple," as the present First Parish Church, built in 1828, is called, from a phrase in the will of John Adams, who, in leaving to the town certain granite quarries, enjoined upon his townsmen to build " a temple " to receive his remains. His injunction was well obeyed. The structure, with its front Doric pillars supporting a pediment and square tower with colonnaded belfry crowned by a dome, is a good specimen of the architecture of the first half of the nineteenth century. Its interior is dignified. The mural monuments here commemorate the two Presidents of the Adams family and their wives, and the tablets are to the memory of John Wheel- wright, the first minister, banished for " heresy " with Coddington, Anne Hutchinson, and others, and to other later pastors. In the basement beneath the church are the tombs of the two Presidents and their wives in granite sarcophagi. Application to the sexton and the payment of a modest fee prescribed by the church enables the visitor to descend into the electrically lighted vault and, through a doorway protected by a grille, to gaze upon the tombs. On either side of the doorway are inscriptions on marble tablets. The body of the ancient black hearse in which the remains of the Presidents were conveyed is also preserved in this basement in a glass case. Across the way from the church is the granite City Hall, and close by is the old burying ground where are the graves of the early min- isters of the parish, among them John Hancock, father of the famous "signer" and governor; the tombs of Dr. Leonard Hoar, third presi- dent of Harvard College, and his wife and mother ; of Henry Adams, immigrant ancestor of the Adams family ; of John Quincy Adams, in which his body was placed before removal to the church opposite ; of the first of the Quincys — Edmond ; and of Josiah Quincy, Jr., who at thirty-one years of age died, in 1775, on the ship which was bringing him back from his mission to England in behalf of the patriots. Near by, on Washington Street, is the fine Crane Public Library, and not far away, on Hancock Street, the Adams Academy, founded by a gift to the town in 1822 by President John Adams, and opened in 1872 — a Home of Dorothy Qui 136 ADAMS FAMILY classical school of high order. On Adams Street, which diverges to the west and continues through to West Quincy and Milton, stands the famous Adams mansion, originally the country seat of Leonard Vassall, a West Indian planter and a royalist like all of his name. Sequestered in the Revolution, it became the home of President John Adams from 17S7 till his death. In it were celebrated his golden wedding and the weddings of his son, President John Quincy Adams, and of his grand- son, Charles Francis Adams, Sr., once minister to Great Britain. It is now occupied by the great-grandson, Brooks Adams, and much of the interior finish and furniture is retained. On Hancock Street, facing Bridge Street, is the old Quincy mansion house, containing some part of the original dwelling of Edmond Quincy, built about 1634, and dating itself from 1705. Here was bom Dorothy Quincy, the original of Dr. Holmes's poem, " Dorothy Q.," whose granddaughter was the poet's mother. Another Dorothy Quincy, descendant of the first, was the wife of John Hancock. From the square, in a southeastern direction, we walk or take a Brockton car past the old burial ground of Christ Church, Braintree (the present city of Quincy was part of Braintree from 1640 to 1792), in whose grass-grown mounds repose many of the early settlers. At the corner of Independence Street and Franklin Avenue the car passes two time-stained houses standing close together, restored and maintained as sacred memorials, to which the attention of more visitors is turned than to any other buildings in Quincy. The older and smaller house is the birthplace of John Adams. The other and larger house, with the old well sweep in the back yard, is the birthplace of John Quincy Adams. It was presented by the present Charles Francis Adams t<> the Quincy Historical Society, which has restored it to its original condition and made it a museum of historic relics. Much of the early history of the Massachusetts Bay Colony is related to this old town, notably Mount Wollaston, the high ground at the next station on the way into Boston. It was the " Merrymount " of Thomas Morton, whose revels with his crew of graceless roysterers and his may- pole, set up in 1627, caused his banishment by the stem Puritan elders. The zealous antiquarian might spend days in tracing out the historic sites and in viewing the historic mansions of Quincy. Birthplace of John Adams DEDHAM 137 DEDHAM Dedham is one of the oldest of the suburban towns, and was at first one of the most extensive. Its territory, allotted by the General Court in 1635 to twenty-two proprietors, who had moved hither from Water- town and Roxbury a few months before, embraced nearly all of the pres- ent Norfolk County. In August they had signed a " town covenant " binding them to " walk in a peaceful conversation " and to establish " a loving and comfortable society." The name they proposed for their settlement was Contentment. The General Court, however, overruled their choice and gave the new parish the title of Dedham from the English town whence several of the settlers had come. It is a quiet, dignified old town, with majestic trees shading its streets, many old man- sions, and picturesque river views. The Charles River, with its " Great Bend," encircles the northern end of the town, and the Neponset River is on its eastern border. The two streams are connected by " Mother Brook," the oldest canal in the country, dug by the enterprising colo- nists in 1 639-1 640. Several lofty hills break the surface of the town, and there are beautiful drives and trolley rides in several directions — notably to Westwood (formerly West Dedham), three miles from the center. The main street is High Street, running nearly east and west through the village and then turning off sharply to the southwest on its way to Westwood and Medway. Along this street are scattered most of the historic monuments. We reach Dedham by train over the Providence Division, New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad (though we could go in an electric car from Forest Hills), and alight at the stone station, with its imposing clock tower, at the center of the village. One block away is the granite Memorial Hall, serving the double purpose of a town house and a monument to the soldiers of the town who served in the Civil War. On the corner of Church Street, next above, is the low-arched brick building of the Dedham Historical Society, with an interesting col- lection of antiquities and documents. On the right-hand side of High Street, a little farther on, is the old Dr. Nathaniel Ames house, the home of the famous almanac maker from 1772 to his death, fifty years later. Just beyond stood till 1897 the Fisher Ames house, the home of Nathaniel's distinguished brother. This is now removed to River Place, and with enlargements and improvements has become the home of Frederick J. Stimson, author and lawyer. On the next street at the right, Ames Street, is the site of the old Wood- ward Tavern, dating from 1658, where met the Suffolk Convention in 1774, which at its adjourned meeting in the Vose mansion at Milton i3« COURT HOUSE AND FAIRBANKS HOUSE adopted the Suffolk Resolves. Just above Ames Street on High Street is the mansion house built in 1795 by Judge Samuel Haven, in front of which are several stately English elms brought from England in 1762, still vigorous and full of foliage. Opposite is the granite Court House, surmounted by a dome, for Dedham is the shire town of Norfolk County. Next beyond the Court House is the ancient Village Green, in the comer of which stands the locally famous "Pitt's Head," or Pillar of Liberty, a square granite pedestal about two feet high, which formerly was surmounted by a tall wooden column and a bust of William Pitt. It was erected July 22, 1767. A bronze tablet on its eastern face, placed in 1S86, on the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the town, gives its history. At the upper end of the Green stands the Unitarian Church, built in 1763, the third in succession from the original parish meetinghouse built in 1638. Just across High Street is the First Congregational Church, also ancient and, like the other, in the conventional Wren style. Along both sides of the street for some distance are houses mostly dating from the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, very comfortable looking, with their ample lawns shaded by great elms. Two objects of special historic interest are easily reached by a short walk from the center. Along Eastern Avenue, which runs south from the railroad station and curves around through rows of water willows to East Street, is the way to the Fairbanks house, one of the oldest houses in the country. It was built about 1650 by Jonathan Fairbanks, to whom the lands surrounding it were allotted in 1637. In 1896 it was purchased by Mrs. J. Amory Codman and daughter of Boston, to save it from destruction. Previous to that time it had always been owned by a Fairbanks. In 1903 the " Fairbanks Family in America" being incor- porated, acquired the property to be kept permanently in the family as an historic home. The other historic relic, only a short distance from the Fairbanks house, is the "Avery oak." It is a great tree, older than the town, with a circumference, five feet from the ground, of sixteen feet. Its owner at the time is said to have refused seventy dollars for it from the Old Fairbanks House WINTHROP 139 builders of the Constitution, who desired it for timber for " Old Iron- sides." It is still sturdy and thrifty. It has been secured for preservation by the Dedham Historical Society. WINTHROP AND REVERE Winthrop alone among the northern suburbs of Boston is without a trolley line, and that it has none is due to the excellent service afforded by the Winthrop circuit of the Boston, Revere Beach & Lynn Railroad. The ferry house and station of this railroad are at Rowe's Wharf, directly opposite the elevated railway station of the same name. The ferryboats leave every fifteen minutes daily, connecting with trains at Jeffries Point, on the East Boston side of the harbor; and the fare to any of the nine stations in Winthrop is but five cents. The line makes a loop around the town, reaching every section of it, and the trains alternate in direction. Winthrop is an ancient settlement but a comparatively modern town. For nearly a century after the first settlement its territory belonged to Boston, but in 1739 it became a part of Chelsea. In 1846 it was joined to Revere (the Rumney Marsh of early days) to form the new town of North Chelsea. It became an independent town six years later, taking the name of Winthrop in commemoration of Deane Winthrop, sixth son of Governor John Winthrop, who lived here for many years in a house still preserved, and here died about 1703 or 1704, aged 81. The first name of the hamlet was Pullen Poynt, but the year 1753 saw the establishment of a codfishery station at the extreme eastern end, and the " syndicate " which promoted that enterprise rechristened the place Point Shirley, from the governor of the Province. The fishery " trust " proved a failure, but Point Shirley was found to be so pleasant that a number of Boston families built coun- try houses here, the Hancocks among the rest. A roomy brick house still standing at this point of the town, which retains the name of Point Shirley, is by some assumed to have been John Hancock's house, but this is doubtful. In later days the present Point Shirley became noted through " Taft's," a hostelry famous for its fish and game dinners, now only a memory. Until about 1876 Winthrop remained a slumbrous farm- ing town within five miles of the city across the harbor but known only to the few. Then it was rediscovered, and the building of the narrow- gauge railroad made it easy of access. With the advent of this railroad a beach settlement was laid out, streets with nautical names were cut through, and lots were sold off. A colony of summer cottages sprang up in a season or two, and " Ocean Spray " and " Cottage Hill " became 140 WINTHROP BEACH familiar names. In course of time substantial houses to a large extent replaced the shells first erected ; a beautiful, broad boulevard, with walks on each side, was built by the Metropolitan Parks Commission along the ocean front where had been a town way known as "The Crest" (destroyed by a gale in November, 1898); and the old farms of the inland part of the town became thickly covered with residences. The fine half-moon sweep of the Winthrop Beach, something more than a half mile in length, is crowned at either end by a high bluff : that to the seaward, the Great Head of old, now trivially named " Cottage Hill " ; and that at the north- ern end, Grover's Cliff, now occupied by Fort Heath, a strong work, mounting several twelve-inch rifled guns, which was rushed to completion during the Span- ish war. Inland a little way is Fort Banks, with its sixteen breech-loading mor- tars and an extensive group of buildings, sufficient for a large army post. On the eastern side of Crystal Bay, which almost isolates the beach section from the "old town," is the Winthrop Yacht Clubhouse. The railroad loop crosses this bay by a long bridge with a draw at the channel. One may spend an afternoon pleasantly by taking a train to Winthrop Center and walking over to the harbor side of the town. Along Pleasant and Sargent streets and Court Park Road is probably the most agreeable course, making the circuit of Court Park (so named in honor of Judges George B. Loring and John Lowell, who formerly owned the whole area now laid out in house lots), where are the Winthrop Golf Club's links, and continuing through Pleasant Street along the harbor front to the station just beyond Main Street, taking here a train to Winthrop Beach. From this point Cottage Hill maybe climbed for the view of the town, the bay, and the harbor. A walk along Winthrop Beach naturally follows, with the surf pounding on the right, and off beyond it the outer island, Nahant, to the north, and the open sea in view, with a glimpse occasionally of a steamer coming in. Near the upper end of the beach we should turn off and pass through Neptune Avenue and Shirley Street (the latter the old county road), by the Ocean Spray station of the railroad, to the old Deane Winthrop house on the right, marked by a tablet. A few steps farther Winthrop Boulevard REVERE BEACH RESERVATION 141 to the intersection of Revere Street, and we are at the entrance of Fort Banks, the saluting battery, the brick hospital, and the command- ant's headquarters. We may follow Revere Street up a moderate slope to Summit Avenue, and taking this street to the right we shall get other fine views, while about us is picturesque Winthrop Highlands, as this section of the town is called. It is but a few steps down the east- ern end of Summit Avenue and along Crest Avenue (to the left) to the Highlands station. Here we may take the next Boston-bound train back to Orient Heights (as soon as we cross Belle Isle inlet we are on Breed's Island, the newer part of East Boston), and at this station change to a train passing over the main line for Crescent Beach at the lower end of the famous Revere Beach. On the way we pass the station at Beach- mont at the foot of a fine hill thickly covered with houses, the other side of which we have seen from Summit Avenue, Winthrop Highlands. At Crescent Beach the railroad is but a few rods back from the great beach boulevard of the Metropolitan Parks System, which extends along the ocean front for two miles with its splendid roadway and broad promenades on either side. The Revere Beach Reservation embraces the whole length of the beach to the Point of Pines, at the mouth of Saugus River. Near the middle of its length is an ornate band stand, and near its northern end the great State Bath House (the rail- road has a station just at the rear of the Bath House). The boys' bath- room will accommodate five hundred boys at a time. Some two hundred thousand patronize the Bath House in the season. All along the land side of the boulevard are various amusement places, — the steeplechase, the roller coaster, electric boats on a small lake, refreshment booths and restaurants, tintype galleries, theaters, moving-picture shows, and all the paraphernalia of a modern seaside resort for the people. Per- fect order is preserved by the Metropolitan Park police. On a warm afternoon and evening the visitors are numbered by scores of thou- sands, and the driving along the superb roadway makes an interesting pageant. From the southern end of the Reservation the Revere Beach Parkway extends nearly five and a quarter miles west to the lower end of Med- ford, where it joins the Felhway, leading north to the Middlesex Fells. The electric cars of the Boston & Northern system run through the turfed center of this parkway till the Revere station of the Boston & Maine Railroad is reached, and there the Parkway crosses the tracks overhead. At the Revere station they take a more direct route via Winthrop Avenue and Beech Street, through Revere Center to Fenno's Corner, whence they turn sharply off to the left into Broadway and so through Chelsea into Boston. 142 CHELSEA Much of the history of Revere has been identical with that of Win throp, as we have seen. Up to 1852, when the latter town set up for itself, they had been associated municipally from the very first. In 1S71 the name of North Chelsea was changed to Revere. With the excep- tion of its beach section and the bold drumlin now covered by the semi- summer-resort settlement of Beackmont, it is a quiet town, still largely devoted to farming, with the scattered homes of old families. On the way inward through Broadway, before we cross Snake or Mill Creek, which lies partly in the Parkway, we may see off to the left the old Yeaman house, built about 1680, a typical farmhouse of the early days, with its gambrel roof and lean-to. CHELSEA When we cross Snake Creek we are in Chelsea, which in 1634 was made a part of Boston by one of those terse, phonetic orders of the General Court, so much more definite than the long-drawn " acts " of our modem legislatures, that " Wynetsemt shall belong to Boston." Chelsea has numerous attractive features. Within its limits is the fine curving eminence of Powderhorn Hill, which we reach on our right and may ascend by a direct avenue from Broadway. The spreading building on its summit is the Massachusetts Soldiers' Home, originally erected for a summer hotel. From the pleasant lawn and long shaded verandas of this institution, where the broken soldiers of the Civil War sit and smoke their pipes through the long summer afternoons, one may look far down the harbor and well-nigh all over the city below. From the top of the old reservoir near by the view takes in the Mystic marshes and the whole sweep of hills bounding the Boston Basin. To the northwest of Powderhorn, and lying mostly in Everett, is Mount Washington, reached by Washington Avenue, through which trolley cars run, and to which we may cross through Summit and Win- throp avenues at the west end of Powderhorn. Turning into Wash- ington Avenue to the right, a few steps bring us to Washington Park, maintained by the Chelsea Park Commission. Set into the park wall is a large flat stone bearing this legend: This stone, once a doorstep of the old Pratt mansion visited by Washington during the siege of Boston, stands opposite the barrack-grounds of Colonel Ger risk's regiment of i775-7b- Another landmark of earlier date is the Way-Ireland house, — in later years the Pratt family homestead, — in which Increase Mather was in hiding for a time before he sailed for England in April, 1688, as agent SOMERVILLE, MEDFORD, AND MALDEN 143 for the colonists, to intercede with the king against the oppressions of Andros. It stands near the foot of this hill, just off Washington Avenue, which winds to the right and continues to Woodlawn Cemeteiy. Returning by a Washington Avenue car down Broadway and, if we choose, into Boston through the Charlestown District, we shall cross the Eastern Division of the Boston & Maine just beside the Chelsea station. Near by is Union Park, in which stands the Chelsea Soldiers' Monument. At Bellingham Square, where we turn into Broadway, we take a course directly southwest to the bridge over the Mystic into Charlestown. As we near the bridge we see on our right the extensive grounds occupied by the United States Naval Hospital and the Marine Hospital, the former for sick and disabled officers and men of the navy, the latter for invalids of the merchant marine. The grounds are sightly, sloping to the river and shaded by ancient trees. On the farther end of the tract, where the Island End River joins the Mystic River, is the site of Samuel Maverick's fortified house, built in 1624-1625. Maverick described it as having "a Pillizado fflankers and gunnes both below and above in them which awed the Indians," and no wonder. It was here that Maverick entertained Governor Winthrop and his associate leaders on their first coming in 1630. Maverick afterward removed to Noddle's Island, now East Boston. SOMERVILLE, MEDFORD, AND MALDEN It is a pleasant trip to Medford by the way of Somerville, with much historic interest. Taking an elevated train to Sullivan Square, and there changing to a Highland Avenue, Somerville, car, a fifteen minutes' ride will bring us to Central Square, at the eastern end of Prospect Hill. This hill is historic as the site of the citadel, the most formidable works in the American lines during the Siege of Boston, and as the place where the Union flag with its thirteen stripes was first hoisted, January 1, 1776. These facts are related upon a tablet which stands on the present top of the hill, with the exception of one small point fifteen feet or so lower now than at that time. On its long summit General Putnam made his headquarters after the battle of Bunker Hill, and here also during the winter of 1 777-1 778 were quartered the British troops captured at Saratoga with Burgoyne. The point left uncut is now reserved in a park, and an observatory is to be built on its summit. Central Hill beyond, over which our car soon passes, is also associated with the Revolution. Its summit is an open, parklike space, at the easterly end of which is observed a miniature redoubt with cannon mounted. This is intended to mark the site of French's Redoubt 144 TUFTS COLLEGE thrown up after the battle of Bunker Hill, which became a part of the besieging lines of Boston. In this highland common are grouped a series of public buildings, — the City Hall, the Public Library, the High School, and the English High School. On Winter Hill, northward, stood another Continental fort, and the chief one, connected with the Central Hill battery and the citadel on Prospect Hill by a line of earthworks. Near the foot of Central Hill, in a well-preserved old house marked by a tablet, are seen the head- quarters of General Charles Lee during the Siege. Over on Spring Hill, to the west, Lord Percy's artillery for a time covered the retreat of his tired infantry on that memorable 19th of April. On Willow Avenue near Davis Square, West Somerville, a tablet records a sharp fight at this point, and marks graves of British soldiers here. At Davis Square we leave the car and walk through Elm Street, which curves to the right, to the junction of College Avenue, Broadway, and Powderhouse Avenue. Here, in a little park, stands the picturesque as well as historic Old Powder House, a tower with conical top, thirty feet high and about twenty feet in diameter at the ground, with thick walls of brick, and barred doorway and window. It was first a mill, built about 1 703-1 704, and became a Province powder house in 1747. On September 1, 1774, General Gage seized the 250 half-barrels of gun- powder stored within it and thereby provoked the great assembly of the following day on Cambridge Common. In 1775 it became the magazine of the American army besieging Boston. To the northwest from this park it is but a few minutes' walk through College Avenue to the pleasant grounds of Tufts College, which covers nearly all of College Hill and commands a wide prospect of the surround- ing country. It is directly reached from Sullivan Square by electrics marked " Medford Hillside," and by steam railroad (Boston & Maine). We enter Professors Row, which follows the curve of the hill to the left, and pass the houses of the president and others of the faculty ; also Metcalf Hall, a dormitory for women students. To the right, on the crest of the hill, reached by a broad walk under lofty elms, stand the chief buildings of the college : Ballon //all, the oldest ; the noteworthy Goddard Chapel, of stone, with a hundred-foot campanile ; the Barnutn Museum of Natural History, built and endowed by the famous showman and containing among other things the skeleton of the great elephant Jumbo ; the Goddard Gymnasium; East and West Halls, dormitories; the Library and the two Divinity School buildings, Miner //all and Paige Hall. On the other side of College Avenue, near the entrance by which we came, are the WINCHESTER 145 Commons building, the Chemical Building, and the Bromfield-Pearson School ; these last two being part of the technical school plant. From the college grounds it is a pleasant walk to Main Street, Medford, through College Avenue and Stearns Street. On Main Street, between George and Royall Streets, we come upon a most interesting relic of Provincial days. This is the Royall mansion house, built by Colonel Isaac Royall in 1738. An earlier house on its site, erected before 1690 it is said, was utilized in its construction. A building at one side was originally the slave quarters, the only structure of its kind remaining in Massachusetts. In 1775 the mansion was the headquarters of Stark's division of the Continental army. It is now occupied by the Sarah Bradlee Fulton Chapter, D. A. R., and is open to visitors for a modest fee. Another relic of an earlier period cherished here is the Craddock house, said to date from 1634, and so entitled to the distinction of being the oldest existing house in the country. It stands some distance down the Mystic River side, on Riverside Avenue, toward East Medford. Opposite it, on the other side of the river (Winter Hill side), lay Gov- ernor Winthrop's Ten Hills Farm. Through Medford Square (reached direct from Sullivan Square by various lines) cars pass for Maiden, Melrose, and Everett in one direction, and for West Medford, Winchester, Woburn, and Lowell in another. Forest Street is a Medford entrance to the Middlesex Fells. Electric cars run through Middlesex Fells, starting from Sullivan Square. Across to Maiden is an agreeable ride. The route passes the Middle- sex Fells Parkway, a Maiden entrance to the southeasterly section of the Fells, the most romantic part of the Reservation. As it nears the finish the parkway widens into Fellsmere, a small park. In Maiden Center is the Public Library and Art Gallery, noteworthy as one of the best exam- ples of the work of the architect, H. H. Richardson, in public buildings. WINCHESTER Winchester, which touches the western side of the Fells, is one of the most picturesque towns of the metropolitan region. Its natural beauty in wooded hill and vale, river and lake (the Mystic ponds), is unusual, and this has been to a great extent worthily retained in the building up of the town. It is next to Brookline, perhaps, in richness of possessions and as a favored residential place for substantial business and profes- sional men of Boston. It has a few large country seats, some old-time family mansions, and a great variety of tasteful houses of modern build. It is connected with Medford and Arlington by electric lines, and so with Boston ; but the more direct connection is by railroad (Boston & Maine, North Station). 146 PUBLIC PARKS III. PUBLIC PARKS BOSTON CITY SYSTEM Boston Common, 48^ acres. Central District. Bounded by Tremont, Park, Beacon, Charles, and Boylston streets. Public Garden, 24] acres. Edge of Back Bay District. Bounded by Charles, Beacon, Arlington, and Boylston streets. Riverbank. Along the Charles River Basin in the rear of Charles and Beacon streets to Charlesgate ; ultimately to extend to Cottage Farms ; its most attractive feature a broad esplanade. Commonwealth Avenue Parkway. Back Bay District, Commonwealth Avenue from Arlington Street to entrance of Back Bay Fens. Back Bay Fens, 115 acres. Back Bay District, from the Charles River to beginning of Riverway. Reached from Charlesgate. Riverway, 40 acres. Back Bay District and boundary between Boston and Brookline. Reached by Huntington Avenue car, alighting at Tremont entrance, near the Gardner Museum ; or by same car at Olmsted Park ; or by Ipswich Street and Brookline Avenue car, alighting at Audubon Road. Olmsted Park, 1S0 acres. Joins Riverway on the south. Formerly Lev- erett Park, 60 acres (the boundary line between Roxbury District and Brookline) ; Jamaicaway, mostly in Jamaica Plain, West Roxbury District; and Jamaica Park, 120 acres (Jamaicaway connects the two), in Jamaica Plain. These were combined under the new name in 1903,111 honor of Frederic Law Olmsted, the landscape architect. Jamaica Pond occupies most of the area of the old Jamaica Park part. On the western shore of this pond is the Francis Parkman Memorial, designed by Daniel C. French, and erected in 1906. The historian's summer home was long at this point. Arborway, 36 acres. Connecting Olmsted Park with the Arnold Arbore- tum, and the latter, in turn, with Franklin Park. Arnold Arboretum and Bussey Park, 223 acres. West Roxbury District, continuing the system southward from Olmsted Park. Fine trees and shrubs. The largest tree museum in the world, and a place of great natural attractions. Llere is established the Bussey Institute, the school of horticulture and agriculture of Harvard University, which owns and maintains the Arboretum. Reached most conven- iently by train on Providence Division, New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, to Forest Hills station ; or by electrics to Forest PUBLIC PARKS I47 Hills, either via Jamaica Plain surface car (from Subway), or via elevated train to the Forest Hills terminal. West Roxbury Parkway, 150 acres. West Roxbury District, connect- ing the Arnold Arboretum with the Stony Brook Reservation of the Metropolitan Parks System. Franklin Park, 527 acres. Between Roxbury, West Roxbury, and Dorchester districts. Reached by various surface lines marked Franklin Park, and by elevated to the Dudley Street station and surface cars therefrom. The most direct way is by Columbia Road, to the main entrance which is opposite this thoroughfare. Has a Zoological Garden, including an open-air aviary, and bear dens. From the entrance wagonettes take parties of visitors around an extensive tour of the park for twenty-five cents each. Franklin Field, 77 acres. Dorchester District. Its nearest corner is separated from one corner of Franklin Park only by Blue Hill Avenue, cars traversing that avenue being the direct way to it. Chiefly used for baseball and other outdoor sports. Dorchester Park, 26 acres. Near Milton Lower Mills, Dorchester Dis- trict. A natural park, very rocky and thickly wooded. Directly reached by any Ashmont and Milton car. The pleasantest way is via Grove Hall transfer station, Washington Street, and Codman Hill, Dorchester. Dorchesterway, 6 acres. Dorchester District, connecting Franklin Park and the Strandway, via Columbia Road. Strandway, 260 acres. South Boston. Borders the shore of Old Harbor, extending to the Marine Park at City Point. Marine Park (including Castle Island), 161.44 acres. South Boston. Bathing beach with city bath house; long pier extending out into the harbor, with drawbridge connecting it with Castle Island (Fort Independence) and a breakwater opposite, forming a pleasure bay for small boats. Has an Aquarium. Reached by City Point cars. Governor's Island, 72 acres. Wood Island Park, 211 acres. Harbor side of East Boston, toward Governor's Island. Public bathing houses, gymnasiums, and out- door sports of various kinds. Attractive landscape architecture. Reached by train on Boston, Revere Beach & Lynn Railroad, every fifteen minutes, from Rowe's Wharf (elevated railway station opposite) to Wood Island station. Charlestown Heights, 10.40 acres. Charlestown District. Summit of Bunker Hill, overlooking the Mystic River. North End Beach and Copp's Hill Terrace, 7.30 acres. North End. Bathing beach and playground for children. Reached by Atlantic 148 METROPOLITAN SYSTEM Avenue elevated train to Battery Street station, or by East Boston or Chelsea Ferry surface car to Atlantic Avenue (short walk). Just above the terraces is the historic Copp's 1 1 ill Burying Ground. Charlesbank, 10 acres. West End. Lies along the Charles River from Craigie Bridge to Cambridge Bridge. Open-air gymnasium and playgrounds. Attractively laid out and affording fine views of the lower Charles. Reached most conveniently by Cambridge car from Park Square via Charles Street, or from Bowdoin Square. Rogers Park, 69 acres. Brighton District. Reached by Newton car via Allston and Brighton, alighting at Lake Street (short walk). Chestnut Hill Park, 55.40 acres. Brighton District. Surrounding the Chestnut 1 1 ill Reservoir. Beautiful grounds, trees, and shrubs; fine driveway and footpath; woods and rocks. Reached by Newton Boulevard car to Lake Street transfer station; also by Reservoir cars to end of route (short walk). Besides the city parks mentioned above there are many small public pleasure grounds in various parts of the city; also a large number of playgrounds, provided with simple outdoor gymnastic apparatus and with ball grounds and tennis courts, which are fully improved during the open months. Riverbank, along the Charles River Basin, included in the above list, while intimately related to the Boston system, is in fact a part of the Met- ropolitan system and under the control of the state park commissioners. METROPOLITAN SYSTEM Nantasket Beach Reservation, 25.59 acres. Hull. Splendid bathing. Reached by Nantasket steamer from Rowe's Wharf (Atlantic Avenue Elevated station opposite), or by train on New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad to Nantasket Junction; thence by Nantasket Branch (electric) to the beach. Quincy Shore, 38.02 acres. Quincy. Along the shore of Quincy Bay. Blue Hills Reservation, 4906.43 acres. Milton, Quincy, Braintree, Ran- dolph, and Canton. Includes the higher portion of the Blue Hill range. "Wild rocky heights; widespreading views in all directions. Reached by electrics to Canton, passing the foot of the Big Blue Hill. Also by train, New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, to Milton station, and thence by electrics to the edge of the Reservation. Neponset River Banks, 921.95 acres. Boston, Dedham, Westwood Milton, and Canton. METROPOLITAN SYSTEM 149 Stony Brook Reservation, 463.72 acres. Boston. Densely wooded hills; Muddy Pond ; fine driveways. Reached by trolley car for Dedham from Forest Hills. Charles River Banks, 673.74 acres. Boston, Cambridge, Watertown, Waltham, Weston, Newton, and Wellesley. Beaver Brook and Waverley Oaks Reservation, 5S.33 acres. Belmont and Waltham. Contains the famous old oak trees and a pictur- esque brook (subject of Lowell's " Beaver Brook "), with ponds and waterfall. Reached by Waverley car from Subway or by train on Boston & Maine Railroad (Fitchburg or Central Massachusetts division) to Waverley station (short walk). Hemlock Gorge Reservation, 2 3.06 acres. Newton, Needham, and Welles- ley. The Charles Riv- er cuts its way here through a narrow, deep gorge shaded with fine old trees. Echo Bridge is across the river above the gorge, — a symmetri- cal piece of masonry, with a wonderful echo beneath it. Reached by car via Newton, or by Boston & Worcester (electric) car via Boylston Street, Brookline ; also by train (Newton Circuit, New York Central) to Newton Upper Falls. Middlesex Fells, 1S9S.09 acres. Maiden, Melrose, Stoneham, Medford, and Winchester. Beautifully diversified scenery, — hills, ponds, brooks, ledges, and forest ; splendid walks and drives. Reached by elevated train to Sullivan Square terminal, thence by surface car passing through the Middlesex Fells Parkway. Runs through the Reservation to Stoneham Square. Mystic River Banks, 290.68 acres. Somerville, Medford, and Arlington. Reached directly by electrics to Medford. Winthrop Shore Reservation, 16.83 acres. Winthrop. Extends along the ocean front for about a mile. A broad boulevard with sidewalks on both sides. Fine views of the ocean, Nahant, and the outer islands. Reached by train every fifteen minutes on Winthrop Branch, Boston, Revere Beach & Lynn Railroad, from Rowe's Wharf (Elevated railway station opposite) to Winthrop Beach, Shirley, or Ocean Spray stations. Nantasket Beach J 5° METROPOLITAN SYSTEM Revere Beach Reservation, 67.40 acres. Revere. A broad boulevard with walks extending along the ocean for about two miles. State bath house, band stand, refreshment houses, and a great variety of amusements. The beach superb and the bathing excellent. Reached by train every fifteen minutes on the main line of the Boston, Revere Beach & Lynn Railroad from Rowe's Wharf, or by trolley car from the Subway (Scollay Square, Adams Square, or Haymarket Square stations), via Charlestown, Chelsea, and Revere. King's Beach and Lynn Shore Reservation, 22.89 acres. Swampscott and Lynn. Along the ocean front of the northern part of Lynn and the southern shore of Swampscott. Reached by trains to Lynn and trolley cars for Swampscott through Ocean Street. Lynn Woods, Free Public Forest, 2000 acres. Comprising woodland of great natural beauty, maintained by the Lynn Park Commission. The second largest munici- pal pleasure ground in the United States. Three main entrances: one to the Great Woods Road ; second, to Dungeon Rock, on Wal- nut Street — both these reached by electric cars properly marked, from the square in Lynn at the central railroad station ; the third or western entrance, from the old Reading road to Walden Pond — most convenient for carriages and bicycles from Boston and suburbs. Hart's Hill, 22.97 acres. Wakefield. Reached by trains on Boston & Maine Railroad (Western Division) to Wakefield, or by trolley car from Sullivan Square terminal of the elevated railway via Maiden and Melrose. Rustic Bridge and Waterfall, Middlesex Fells PARKWAYS 151 Governor Hutchinson Field. Milton. Part of the estate of the royal gov- ernor in the years immediately preceding the Revolution. Fine view of the Neponset River and its meadows, Boston city and harbor, and Massachusetts Bay. Reached by train or trolley car to Milton Lower Mills, and walk of ten minutes through Adams Street. PARKWAYS Furnace Brook, 4.320 miles in length. Quincy. Blue Hills, 2.265 miles. Boston and Milton. Neponset River, 2.260 miles. Hyde Park and Milton. West Roxbury, 1.5 10 miles. Boston, West Roxbury District. Fresh Pond, .520 mile. Cambridge. Middlesex Fells, 5.105 miles. Maiden, Medford, Somerville. Mystic Valley, 2.900 miles. Medford, Winchester. Revere Beach, 5.240 miles. Revere, Chelsea, Everett, Medford. Lynnway, .690 mile. Revere, Lynn. Nahant Beach, 2.230 miles. Nahant. Lynn Fells, 1. 120 miles. Melrose, Stoneham. Winthrop, .420 miles. Revere. Alewife Brook, 3.187 miles. Cambridge, Somerville, Arlington, Belmont. t52 ARLINGTON IV. DAY TRIPS FROM BOSTON LEXINGTON AND CONCORD Lexington is reached from Boston by electric car via Arlington, or by train, Boston & Maine Railroad, North Station. Concord is also reached by both electric and steam cars. To include both places in a single trip there is a choice of routes : one wholly by electrics, another partly by trolley and partly by steam car (from Lexington to Concord), a third wholly by train. The route wholly by electrics is by an Arlington Heights car, passing from the Cambridge Subway along Massachusetts Avenue through Cambridge and Arlington, to the Lexington town line ; thence by a Boston and Lexington car, through East Lexington to Lexington Center, by the historic green ; thence to Concord by way of Bedford, finishing in the main square. To reach Concord directly from Boston the usual and by far the quickest way is to take the steam railroad. There are two routes, — one by the Fitchburg Division of the Boston & Maine, the other by the Southern Division, the latter being the line which comes through Lexington. The trolley-car route to Lexington passes numerous historic points in Arlington (the early Menotomy, later West Cambridge), all associated with the affair of the 19th of April, 1775. Before the town line is reached the visitor must needs be on the lookout for tablets. In North Cambridge (Cambridge station on the near-by railroad) is the first one. This stands just above the church, a little beyond the railroad bridge, left side. It marks a point where four Americans were killed by British soldiers on the retreat. Two miles and more beyond, after a brick car house is passed and the railroad crossed, the next tablet may be seen, on the right side of the road. This marks the site of the Black Horse Tavern, where three members of the Committee of Safety of 1775 — Colonel Azor Orne, Colonel Jeremiah Lee, and Elbridge Gerry of Marblehead — were spending the night of the iSth of April, and barely escaped capture by the British soldiers on the march out to Lexington and Concord. Nearing the town center, the Arlington House is marked, " Here stood Cooper's Tavern, in which Jabez Wyman and Jason "Winship were killed by the British, April 19, 1775." A little way beyond this house, at the right, is Mystic Street, down which, a hundred yards from the avenue, is a tablet inscribed with this marvelous tale : " Near this spot Samuel Whittemore, then eighty years old, killed three British soldiers EAST LEXINGTON 153 April 19, 1775. He was shot, bayonetted, beaten, and left for dead, but recovered and lived to be ninety-eight years of age." At the junc- tion of the avenue and Pleasant Street, in front of the church green, a tablet records that "at this spot on April 19th, 1775, the old men of Menotomy captured a convoy of English soldiers with supplies, on its way to join the British at Lexington." Behind the church on Pleasant Street is the old burying ground where a number who fell in the fight during the British retreat were buried. Farther down Pleasant Street, on the borders of fair Spy Pond, is the home of John T. Trowbridge, author and poet. On the avenue again, above the church green, is the fine Robbins Memorial Library, and adjoining it, with the Memorial Town Garden between, in which is Dallin's "Menotomy" — a bronze figure of a kneeling Indian drinking at a spring — is the Robbins Memorial Town Hall, erected in 191 3, a gift of the late Winfield Robbins. Near the corner of Jason Street, another tablet appears, this identifying the " site of the house of Jason Russell, where he and eleven others were captured, disarmed, and killed by the retreating British." At the approach to Arlington Heights the "Foot of the Rocks" as called in the time of the Revolution, is reached. To the left a road leads up to " The Heights," from which a beautiful view is to be had. The car stables close to the Lexington line are only a little way beyond. Here the change is made to the Lexington car a few steps above. East Lexington, or the East Village as it used to be called, is now a tranquil hamlet, with an old-fashioned store or two, some comfortable- looking houses along the main avenue, a few memorials of the British invasion, and a little church in which Emerson occasionally preached (the octagonal structure on the right side of the avenue, known as the Follen Church, from Charles Follen, the German scholar, its minister, who was lost in the burning of the steamer Lexington on Long Island Sound in 1840). At the junction of the avenue and Pleasant Street is a tablet set up beside a drinking fount, which marks the point where the first armed man of the Revolution was taken, — only to rearm him- self and fight later on Lexington Green. He was Benjamin Wellington, a minuteman. A short distance beyond is a plain white house, on the right side, upon which is a tablet identifying it as the " home of Jonathan Harrington, the last survivor of the Battle of Lexington." This, how- ever, was not the place where Jonathan lived at the time of the fight. He was a boy then (a fifer to the minutemen) and lived with his father, another Jonathan Harrington, whose house also is standing, a little farther on, at the corner of Maple Street. In the sidewalk in front of the latter house is one of the largest elms in New England. One day in 1753 the elder Jonathan drove an ox team to Salem, and on J 54 U.XIXGTON the way back he pulled up an elm shoot to brush the flies off the oxen. When he got home he set it out, and this great tree has grown from it. Lexington. After passing the rural station of Munroe's, on the rail- road, the first object of interest, and a worthy one, is Munroe's Tavern, standing on an elm-shaded knoll at the left of the avenue. On its face is a tablet thus inscribed: " Earl Percy's headquarters and hospital, April 19, 1775. The Munroe Tavern built 1695." Percy occupied the room on the left of the entrance door, and this was made the temporary hospital. The room on the right was the taproom, where the soldiers were freely supplied with liquor. When the retreat began some of the soldiers discharged their guns, killing John Raymond, who had served them and who was trying to escape through a back door. A bullet hole made by one of the Brit- ish musket balls is still seen in the ceiling of this room. The depart- ing soldiers also started a (ire in the tavern, but it was put out. In the southeast part of the second story was the tavern dining room, and here Washington dined in November, 1789, when on his last journey through New England. This house was much larger then, with spreading outbuildings. Abandoned as a tavern years ago, it has been pre- served as a memorial of the Revolution. As the town center is approached historic sites multiply. The hill on the left is marked as the point where one of the British fieldpieces was planted to command the village and its approaches. Near it, we are informed by the same tablet, " several buildings were burned." A little way beyond Bloomfield Street, at the left, is about the point where Percy met Smith's retreating force, and at the right, in front of the High School, a granite cannon marks the spot where he planted a field- piece to cover the retreat. Arrived at Lexington Green, — the Common where the "battle" occurred, — the visitor will find every point of importance designated by a monument or tablet. Thus at the lower end is the stone pulpit marking the site of the first three meetinghouses, a " spot identified Lexington LEXINGTON 155 with the town's history for one hundred and fifty years." Near by is a bronze statue of a yeoman with gun in hand standing on a heap of rocks. Where the minutemen were lined up is indicated by a bowlder inscribed with the words of Captain Parker : " Stand your ground. Don't fire unless fired upon, but if they mean to have a war, let it begin here." On the west side of the ground is the old stone monument, now in a beautiful mantle of ivy, which the State erected in 1799, an< ^ f° r which the patriot minister of Lexington, Jonas Clarke, wrote the oratorical inscription. In a stone vault back of it are deposited the remains of those who fell in the engagement, which were removed to this place from their common grave in the village burying ground. With the modern houses about the green are three which were standing at the time of the battle. On the north side is a house in an old garden which was the Buckmati Tavern, " a rendezvous of the minutemen, a mark for British bullets," as the tablet on its face states. On the south side a plain white house bears the legend, " A witness of the battle." On the west side, at the corner of Bedford Street, is a house in which lived Jonathan Harrington, who, "wounded on the Common " in the engagement, " dragged himself to the door and died at his wife's feet." A few steps from the Unitarian Church, on this side, is a lane with a bowlder at its comer marked " Ye Old Burying- Ground 1690." Among the many quaintly inscribed gravestones here are the tombs of the ministers John Hancock, grandfather of Gov- ernor John Hancock, and Jonas Clarke, and monuments to Captain Parker of the minutemen and Governor William Eustis, who was a student with General Joseph Warren and served as a surgeon at Bunker Hill and through the war. He was governor of the State in 1823-1825. On Hancock Street is the historic Hancock-Clarke house (moved from its original site on the opposite side of the way), the home of the ministers, first Hancock and then Clarke. Here John Hancock and Samuel Adams were stopping the night before the battle, and were roused at midnight from their sleep by Paul Revere, when they were taken by their guard to Captain James Reed's in Burlington. The venerable house is now a museum of Revolutionary relics. In the Town Hall, below the green, are the Memorial Hall and Carey Public Library, in which is a larger museum of relics, with numerous portraits, old prints, and Major Pitcairn's pistols, captured during the retreat. Here are statues of The Minuteman of '75; The Union Soldier; John Hancock, by Thomas R. Gould ; and Samuel Adams, by Martin Milmore. In the public hall above is a fine painting of the Battle of Lexington by Henry Sandham. i56 CONCORD Concord Waltham Street, opening directly opposite the Town Hall, leads toward the birthplace of Theodore Parker, in Spring Street, about two miles distant. / / —Am.fl Br. \\ „a. BATTLE GROUND Concord. The heart of the town is the square in the center, where the most con- spicuous object is the Unitarian Church, destroyed by fire in 1900, and wisely re- built on the old simple and dignified lines. This was the site of a still older meeting- house where the Pro- vincial Congress sat. Next to it is the Wright Tavern, dating from 1 747. Here Major Pitcaim drank his toddy on the day of the fight. Taking the Lexington road from the square we pass, first, the Concord Antiquarian Society 's house, full of relics and old furniture, and, a little farther, on a road diverging to the right, The Emerson house, where Ralph Waldo Emerson lived the greater part of his life and where he died. His study is preserved as he left it. The house was long after occupied by his daughter, Miss Ellen Emerson. Returning to Lexington Street and pro- ceeding about a quarter of a mile, we come to The School of Philosophy and Alcott house. The unpainted, chapel-like building was the home of the school, and the house Ti,E Alcott House near it was the " Orchard House," in which the Alcott family lived for twenty years. Here Louisa M. Alcott wrote " Little Women," which turned the tide in the family's fortunes. Just beyond, under the hill, is CONCORD 157 The Wayside, also occupied at one time by the Alcotts, but better known as the home of Hawthorne after the return from Europe. Here the family were living at the time of Hawthorne's sudden death in New Hampshire. " Hawthorne's Walk " is on the crest of the ridge that rises abruptly behind the house. Returning to the square, we ascend, on the right, the old Hillside Burying Ground. Here are historic graves, including those of Emerson's grandfather and Major John Buttrick, who led the fight at the Old North Bridge ; and some unique epitaphs, especially that of John Jack, the slave. The church near this burying ground is now a Catholic church, and turning the corner of the street on which it stands, we soon come to Sleepy Hollow Cemetery. Here, on a high ridge beyond the beauti- ful hollow which gives the ceme- tery its name, are, in proximity, the graves of Hawthorne, of Emerson, of Thoreau, of Louisa M. Alcott and her father. Near the foot of this slope should not be over- looked the Hoar family lot and the beautiful epitaphs placed by the late Judge Hoar upon the monuments to his father, Samuel Hoar, and to his brother, Edward Hoar. The exquisitely appropri- ate inscription on the Soldiers' Monument in the square was also written by Judge Hoar. Return- ing once more to the square, and proceeding thence on Monument Street for about half or three quarters of a mile, The Old Manse, where Emerson wrote " Nature," and Hawthorne lived for a time, is seen on the left, standing back from the road. The study of both Emerson and Hawthorne was a small room at the back of the second floor. This house was built ten years before the battle at the bridge close by, and was for many generations the home of the minister of the village. Nearly opposite is the house of the late Judge Keyes, dating from before the Revolution, and in the ell of which may still be seen the hole through which passed a musket ball fired at some patriot who was standing in the doorway at the time of the fight. Battle Monument 158 CONCORD The Battle Ground. The wooded lane just beyond the Old Manse leads to the scene of the battle at the Old North Bridge, the story of which is told by the inscriptions on the monuments there. Most pathetic is the simple inscription which marks the graves of unknown British soldiers killed on the spot. French's bronze Minuteman fitly stands on the opposite side of the river, at about the point where the Americans made their attack. House of the First Minister. If on our way back we turn to the right after crossing the railroad tracks, and then to the left, we shall pass the site of the house in which Peter Bulkeley, the first Concord minister, lived, — he who made the bargain with the Indians for the land of Con- cord, which secured to the colonists its " peaceful possession." This is on Lowell Street, and a few steps farther and facing the square, our starting point, is a low wooden block, a part of which was one of the storehouses sacked by the British. Continuing through the square and turning to the right, the first house beyond the very pretty bank building is one a part of which is said to have been the original blockhouse built by the first settlers as a defense against the Indians. Beyond, on the left, at the junction of the two roads, is the Concord Public Library. Here are some interesting busts and pictures, and a collection — astonishingly large — of books written by residents of Concord. Homes of the Hoar Family. Continuing on the main street, the fourth house from the blockhouse was the home of Samuel Hoar, the first of the name. Here w r ere born his eminent sons, the late Judge Hoar and Senator Hoar. The next house was the home of the late Samuel Hoar, the eldest son of Judge Hoar; and the next beyond that is the home of the widow of Sherman Hoar, Judge Hoar's youngest son. On the left, near the corner of Thoreau Street and secluded by a hedge of trees, is the Thoreau House. Here Thoreau lived during the last twelve years of his life, and here he died of consumption. The Alcott family also lived in this house for several years. The site of Thoreau's hut by Walden Pond is marked by a cairn made by visitors. Still continuing on the main street and bearing to the right, we find, just beyond the little stone Episcopal church which stands on the left, The Home of Frank B. Sanborn. Here, in w T hat is perhaps the pret- tiest house in Concord, and close to the river, lives Frank Sanborn, the last of the men who gave Concord a world-wide reputation, and famous as an antislavery man, as schoolmaster, lecturer, and author. A mile or more beyond the Sanborn house is NORTH SHORE 159 The Concord Reformatory. This institution, intended for younger and the less hardened criminals, is a large one, and is believed to be a model of its kind. Concord Schools. Concord has always been remarkable for its schools ; and besides its public schools it contains an Episcopal boarding school, with grounds sloping to the river, not far from the Sanborn house, and also a Unitarian boarding school, situated on the road to Lowell, about three miles beyond the village. Home of Edward W. Emerson. On the same road, a mile or so beyond the village, is the home of Emerson's only son, Dr. Edward W. Emer- son, a physician and artist, and the author of that most valuable and interesting book, " Emerson in Concord." THE NORTH SHORE Lynn (about 12 miles distant from Boston) can be reached in twenty minutes by steam railroad (Boston & Maine, Eastern Division, from the North Station) or by the Boston, Revere Beach & Lynn Railroad, a longer route but running closer to the sea, which begins with a short trip in a ferryboat, taken at Rowe's Wharf, Atlantic Avenue (a station of the elevated railway close by). If time can be spared, one may journey pleasantly to Lynn in Boston and Northern electric cars, taken in the Subway at the Scollay Square station, and running through the Charlestown District (past the Navy Yard), Chelsea, Revere, and thence straight across the broad Saugus marshes with their numerous inlets, and with the ocean in sight on the extreme right. We reach first West Lynn. The works of the General Electric Company and numerous shoe factories are here. A mile or so beyond is Lynn proper, a great shoe city. At Central Square electric cars may be taken for trips in various directions, especially to the Lynn Woods, the beautiful reservation of about two thousand acres. From Central Square, also, " barges " (a kind of long-drawn bus) run to the aristo- cratic summer resort of Nahant (" cold roast Boston "), the oldest of eastern summer resorts, occupying a rocky promontory. On the extreme point is the summer home of Henry Cabot Lodge. There is also good sea bathing here, cold as ice water. To the northeast is Egg Rock with its lighthouse, showing a fixed red light. Returning to Lynn, an electric may be taken, if one desires, to Saugus. Here are the Boardman houses, so called, the homes of minutemen in 1776, and "Appleton's pulpit," a huge rock, from which in September, 1687, Major Samuel Appleton of Ipswich harangued i6o MARBLEHEAD AND SALEM the people in favor of resistance to Andros. Here also is the site of the first iron mine and foundry in the Colony. Returning again to Lynn, we may take an electric car for Salem via Swampscott and Marblehead, - — a pleasant route passing many summer homes and traversing the Lynn Shore Reservation of the Metropolitan Parks System, which at its northern end joins King's Beach in Swamp- scott. Passing Beach Bluff and Clifton Heights, we come to Marblehead, the quaint, irregular town with crooked streets full of old-time suggestions. Barges or a steam ferry may be taken here to Marblehead Neck, the site of a summer hotel and of the clubhouses of the Eastern and Corinthian Yacht Clubs. At the north end of the town is Fort Sewall, and various islands are in sight, notably " Misery " island, which is devoted by a club to sports and merriment. Features within easy walks are the old Town Hall with memories of the Revolu- tion ; the birthplace of Elbridge Gerry ; remnant of the historic Jere- miah Lee mansion ; the home and the tomb of General John Glover, whose statue is in Boston (see page 78) ; St. Michael's, the oldest Epis- copal church now standing in New England ; the " Old Floyd Ireson " house ; birthplace of " Moll Pitcher," the " fortune teller of Lynn " ; and the well of the " Fountain Inn," the old tavern where began the romance of Agnes Surriage. From Marblehead we may go by electric car or by steam railroad — or one might have gone directly from Bos- ton by the Boston & Maine (North Station) — to Salem Salem, once the chief port of New England. Here are many stately, reposeful old houses : the Custom House, in which Hawthorne was employed ; the County Jail and Court House, in which many relics of the witchcraft persecution are preserved ; Gallows Hill, where the condemned were hung; the Roger Williams house; the house on TOWNS NEAR SALEM 161 Federal Street in which Lafayette was entertained in 1784 and Washington in 17S9; Hawthorne's birthplace on Union Street, and various Hawthorne homes and landmarks ; and the Pickering mansion, built in 1649. Here also are the Essex Institute and the Peabody Academy of Science, with their interesting collections of documents, relics, and curiosities, many of them redolent of the sea and foreign commerce. Near-by towns are Peabody, named for George Peabody, the London-American banker, with the Peabody Institute, containing, besides many relics, a portrait of Queen Victoria, given by her to Mr. Peabody ; and Danvers, the home of General Israel Putnam, and at one time of Whittier. Here stands the fine old Hooper or Collins house, one of the best of Provincial mansions remaining, which General Gage used as his headquarters in the summer of 1774; and not far away is the Colonial farmhouse once occupied by Rebecca Nourse, the good house- wife and kind neighbor who was executed for witchcraft. From Salem electric cars run through Beverly to the tip end of Cape Ann ; but from Beverly they take an inland course through the towns of Wenham, Hamilton, Essex, and West Gloucester, whereas the Gloucester branch of the steam railroad diverges to the east at Beverly and runs along the coast. Beverly, settled in 1628, is now a shoe town in one part and a summer resort in the other parts. There are many wooded walks and drives here, and through Pride's Crossing, Beverly Farms, West Manchester, and Manchester-by-the-Sea, noted for its " singing beach," which gives forth a musical note as one walks over it. Here also is the Masconomo House, a famous summer hotel and the scene of open-air drama. Beyond are Magnolia and Gloucester, the port from which the hardy fishermen sail to "The Banks " for cod and haddock, and to which many of them never return. Kipling's " Captains Courageous " is the best guide book for Gloucester. At the extreme tip of Cape Ann is Rockport, famous for its granite quarries, for its breakwater, built by the Federal government, and for its rocky scenery, much haunted by artists. The Isles of Shoals lie off the shore, and also Thatcher's Island, with its twin lights. Salem Itinerary. A day might well be devoted to Salem alone. The following itinerary, arranged for the visitor who has only an hour or two for its exploration, embraces the more important or most interesting places and sites. 162 SALEM The start is made from Town House Square (Washington Street at the crossing of Essex Street), a little way above the railroad station. On Washington Street, between the station and the square, on the west side of the railroad tunnel, is seen the Joshua Ward House (No. 148), in which Washington passed a night when in Salem on his tour of New England in the autumn of 1789. He occupied the northeast chamber of the second story. This house is on the site of the dwelling of the high sheriff, George Corwin, the executioner of the witchcraft victims in 1692. From Town House Square turn into Essex Street east. The Unita- rian Church on the southeast corner occupies the site of the First Meetinghouse, built prior to 1635 for the first church in Salem, formed in 1629. The present is the fourth in succession on this spot. The second one was the place of the examinations of the unhappy accused " witches " before the deputy governor and councilors from Boston in April, 1692. Beside the third one, "three rods west" of it, facing Essex Street, stood the Town House in which in 1774 met the last General Assembly of the Province of Massachusetts Bay and the first Provincial Congress. A short distance up Essex Street, at No. 10 1, is the Peabody Academy of Science (founded upon an endowment by George Peabody, the American banker in London), in the East India Marine Building. This contains the natural history and ethnological collec- tions of the Essex Institute, and the nautical museum of the East India Marine Society (dating from 1799), with large additions, so arranged as to be educational rather than merely entertaining. On the opposite side of the street, at No. 134, is Piummer Hall, the house of the Salem Athenaum (proprietary library, 24,000 volumes). This occupies the site of the house in which William H. Prescott, the historian, was born, and in which earlier lived Nathan Read, who invented and successfully sailed a paddle-wheel steamboat in 1 789, some years before Fulton. In Colony days the Downing-Bradstreet house was here (the homestead lot being covered by this building and its neighbor, the Cadet Armory)^ first the home of the Puritan Emanuel Downing, whose son George Downing gave his name to Downing Street in London, and afterward that of Simon Bradstreet, the last colonial governor. Next above Piummer Hall is the Essex Institute (No. 132), which comprises the Institute museum of historical objects, manuscripts, documents, and portraits, many and rare, the largest and most notable collection of its kind in the country; and the library, containing about 85,000 volumes, 302,000 pamphlets, and 700 volumes of manuscript. The visitor upon entering the Institute SALEM 16 Birthplace of Hawthorne should procure a copy of its guide, which gives the details of the inter- esting exhibit here. From Essex Street on the south side, just above these institutions, turn into Union Street, which leads to the Birthplace of Hawthorne, in the ancient gambrel-roofed house, No. 27. This house dates from before 1692, and belonged to Hawthorne's grandfather, Daniel Hathorne (the romancer changed the spelling of the name) after 1772. Hawthorne was born (1804) in the northwest chamber. Back of this house, facing on Herbert Street, is the Herbert Street Hawthorne House (now a tenement house, Nos. \o l /z and 12), formerly owned by Hawthorne's mater- nal grandfather, Manning, in which much of the author's boyhood was passed, and where he afterward lived and wrote at intervals during his man- hood. His " lonely chamber " was the northwest room of the third story. From Derby Street, which Union Street crosses, pass to Charter Street northward, in which is the Charter Street Burying Ground, " Old Burying Point," dating from 1637, fancifully sketched by Hawthorne. Here are graves or tombs of Governor Simon Bradstreet ; the witchcraft judge Hathorne and other ancestors of Hawthorne; the two chief justices Benjamin Lynde, father and son ; Nathaniel Mather, younger brother of Cotton Mather of Boston, precociously learned and pious, w r ho died " an aged man at nineteen years " ; Richard More, a boy passenger on the Mayflower ; and " Dr. John Swinnerton, physician," whose name Hawthorne util- ized in two of his romances. Adjoining the burying ground is the "Dr. Grimshawe" House (53 Charter Street) of " Dr. Grimshawe's Secret" and "The Dolliver Romance,"— the home of Dr. Nathaniel Peabody at the time of Hawthorne's courtship of Sophia Amelia Peabody, who became his wife. On Derby Street, a short distance eastward, is the Salem Custom House. The office which Hawthorne occupied as sur- veyor of the port in 1 846-1 849 was the corner room of the first floor, at the left of the entrance. The stencil, " N. Hawthorne," with which he marked inspected goods, is preserved here as a memento ; the desk upon which he wrote is in the Essex Institute. The room in which he fancied the discovery of the scarlet letter is on the second floor of the 164 SALEM easterly side of the building, in the rear of the collector's office. In Hawthorne's time this was an unused room, with boxes and barrels of old papers. Three or four streets east of the Custom House is Turner Street, by which return should be made to Essex Street. On Turner Street the old house No. 54 is marked the House of the Seven Gables. This is not correct, for Hawthorne, upon his own statement, took no particular house for his model in the romance of this name. The house is interesting, however, as one which Haw- thorne much frequented, it then being the home of the Ingersoll family, his relatives. It may j have suggested the title of the romance. Here the "Tales of Grandfather's Chair" originated. From Turner Street cross Essex Street to Washington Square, with its stately old houses, bordering the Com- mon, and Kitson's Statue of Roger Conan t, placed in 191 3. On the north side, at the cor- ner of Winter Street, is the Story House, in which lived Judge Joseph Story, and Salem Custom House . . . inr-iv ii T where his son, William W. The + marks the office occupied by Hawthorne g^ ^ pQet ^^ scu lp t or, was born. On Mall Street, the second street from this side, the house No. 14 was Hawthorne's Mall Street House, where " The Scarlet Letter " was written. The study here was the front room in the third story. From the west side of the square take Brown Street to St. Peter's Street, thence pass to Federal Street, and so to Washington Street again by Town House Square. On Howard Street, north from Brown Street, is the Prescott Schoolhouse, said to be near the site of the place where Giles Corey, the last victim of the witchcraft frenzy, was pressed to death. On Federal Street is the site of the Witchcraft Jail of 1692, covered by the house (No. 2) of the historical scholar, Abner C. Goodell. In this jail the persons accused of witch- craft were confined, and from it the condemned were taken to the place of execution. Some of the timbers of the old jail are in the present house. SALEM 165 On Washington Street, just about where Federal Street enters, is the site of Governor Endicotfs "faire house." At the southern comer of Wash- ington and Church streets stood the Bishop House, where in 1692 lived Edward and Bridget Bishop, the latter the first witchcraft victim to be hanged. About opposite, on the west side of Washington Street, near Lynde Street, was the House of Nicholas Noyes, minister of the first church at the time of the witchcraft delusion, and a firm believer in witchcraft. In the middle of the street here stood the Court House of i6g2, where the witchcraft trials were held. In the present Court House, at the end of Washington Street, facing Federal Street, are Witchcraft Documents and Relics, in the custody of the clerk of the courts. Among these are the manuscript records of the testimony taken at the trials, the death warrant of Bridget Bishop, with Sheriff Corwin's return thereon, recording that he had " caused her to be hanged by the neck till she was dead and buried," the last words being crossed with a pen, apparently by the careful sheriff on second thought ; and some of the " witch-pins " which were produced in court as among the instruments of torture used by the accused. Through Federal Street west and North Street north is reached the North Bridge, in place of the bridge of Revolutionary days, where the "first armed resistance to the royal authority was made" on a Sunday in February, 1775, nearly two months before the affair at Lexington and Concord, when the advance of the British force, led by Lieutenant Colonel Leslie, to seize munitions of war, was arrested by the people of Salem. A spirited painting, " The Repulse of Leslie," is in the Essex Institute. Return through North Street to Essex Street west. On the comer of North Street (310 Essex Street) is the Witch House, so called persistently without warrant beyond the tra- dition that some of the preliminary examinations of accused pei'sons were held here, it being at the time of the delusion the dwelling of Judge Jonathan Corwin of the court. It is said to have been earlier the home of Roger Williams (in 1635-1636). It is the oldest house now standing in Salem. Through Summer Street from Essex pass to Chestnut Street, lined with great elms and bordered by many fine old-time mansions. At No. 18 was Hawthorne 's Chestnut Street House, which he occupied less than two years at the beginning of the surveyorship period. Little literary work i66 SALEM appears to have been done here. At an earlier period John Pickering, the Greek lexicographer, lived in this house. On Broad Street, the next street south, at No. 18, is the many-gabled Pickering House, dating back to 1660, the birthplace of Timothy Pickering, the distinguished soldier and statesman of the Revolution and member of Washington's cabinet. Opposite, at the head of Broad Street, is a succession of school buildings, — The Latin and High Schools, the former of which is one of the oldest in the country. Behind these buildings is the Broad Street Burying Ground, second in age to the Charter Street Burying Ground, having been laid out in 1655. Here are the tombs of the Pickerings, of Corwin, the witch- craft sheriff, and of General Frederick W. Lander. Return to Essex Street, and after a call at the Public Library (No. 370), on the corner of Monroe Street, and a glance at the fine old-time mansions of the neighborhood, — notably the Cabot B house, dating from 174S, for a third finr. ; 'i of a century the home of William C Mill! 1*1 s i ffBHl Endicott, justice of the State Supreme ^tjr J^yWR* ^"f JBpHW Court and member of President Cleve- land's cabinet, — take a car for ' >•* Gallows Hill, where the nineteen ~ victims of witchcraft were hanged. It Chestnut Street, Salem . is on Boston Street (the old Boston Road), approached from Hanson Street, where the conductor should be signaled to stop. Returned to Town House Square, the visitor may, if he have time, spend a few minutes profitably in the City Hall in looking over the unusual collection of portraits here. They include a Washington painted by Jane Stuart, a copy of a half-length portrait by her father, Gilbert Stuart ; a portrait of President Andrew Jackson by Major R. E. W. Earle of his military family in 1833; and portraits of Endicott. South of the railroad station is a nest of old buildings in old streets, among them the Ruck house, 8 Mill Street, dating from before 1651, interesting as the sometime home of Richard Cranch, where John Adams frequently visited (Adams and Cranch married sisters), and at a later time occupied by John Singleton Copley, the Boston painter, when here painting the portraits of Salem worthies. THE SOUTH SHORE 167 THE SOUTH SHORE The pleasant places along the South Shore between Quincy and Plymouth are brought into connection with Boston and with each other by electric-car systems, while the steam railroad traverses the country closest to the shore. The most direct electric-car route from Boston to Plymouth is through Quincy, Braintree, South Braintree, Holbrook, Brockton, Whitman, Hanson, Pembroke, the Plymouth Woods, West Duxbury, and Kingston. For this route the Neponset car should be taken at the Dudley Street station of the Elevated. The trunk line continues through Quincy to Brockton, where change is made to the Plymouth line. Other lines between Quincy and Brockton pass through Quincy Point, across Weymouth Fore River, through Weymouth, cross- ing Weymouth Back River, Hingham, the Old Colony Woods, Nan- tasket, Hingham Center, Rockland, and Whitman, making connection at the latter place with the Plymouth line. The pleasantest steam-railroad journey is by the South Shore route (New York, New Haven & Hartford system, South Station), passing through Quincy, Braintree, Weymouth, Hingham, Cohasset, Scituate, Marshfield, Duxbury, and Kingston, to Plymouth. The more direct route is by the main line through Braintree, South Weymouth, Abington, Whitman, Hanson, Halifax, and Kingston. Hingham is one of the loveliest as well as one of the oldest towns in Massachusetts (settled in 1633). Its broad main street is shaded by magnificent elms. Its Old Ship Church, with pyramidal roof and bel- fry, dating from 1 681, is the oldest existing meetinghouse in the country, and the quaintest. The Tower and Chime of Bells here is a unique me- morial to the ancient settlers of the town. In the old burying ground near by, where are the tombs of Hingham worthies, is the grave of John A. Andrew, the war governor, marked with a statue by Gould. Com- fortable mansions of old type abound in the town. Cohasset, with irregular rocky coast, commanding a wide extent of ocean prospect, is the most favored place of the upper South Shore for summer seats. On and about its quite renowned Jerusalem Road are numerous extensive estates with elaborate houses and grounds. The Jerusalem Road to an unusual degree blends the charms of sea and shore. Scituate also enjoys a beautiful ocean front, with fair beaches and a pretty harbor, protected by rocky cliffs. This town is the scene 0/" Sam- uel Woodworth's lyric, " The Old Oaken Bucket." The old farm where the poet was born, which he immortalized in his song, was close by the present railroad station. 168 MARSHFIELD AND DUXBURY Marshfield was the country home of Daniel Webster. The Webster place is some distance from the railroad, eastward. The ride or walk to it is along a country hillside road, from which beautiful views occa- sionally disclose themselves. The place originally included a part of " Careswell," the domain of the Plymouth Colony governor, Edward Winslow. Half a mile back from it is the tomb of Webster, on Burying Hill, a tranquil spot among fields and pastures overlooking the sea. Before the tomb, of rough-hewn granite, a plain marble slab displays the epitaph which Webster dictated the day before his death (1852). In this inclosure are monuments to early Pilgrim settlers. Duxbury, the home of Elder Brewster, Miles Standish, and John and Priscilla Alden, is marked by the Standish Monument on Captain's Hill, which looms up in the landscape, visible in a wide extent of country round about. Here is still standing the Standish Cottage, containing, it is believed, some of the materials of Standish's own house, on the slope of Captain's Hill ; and in another part of the town is the ancient Alden homestead, on the original Alden farm, which can be seen from the windows of the railroad car. In about the middle of the village, in the oldest of its burying grounds, the supposed grave 0/ Standish is marked by a monument, — a miniature fortress. Here are also graves of the Alden family, and possibly the grave of Elder Brewster. Kingston, part of Plymouth till 1726, when setting up for itself it took its name of King's town in honor of George the Second, on his birthday, is a typical Old Colony town, with a cheerful air of substan- tiality. It has a number of interesting landmarks, the most notable being the Major John Bradford house. Major John was the last of the Bradford family to possess the Bradford manuscript, now returned from its adventures and safely housed in the State House at Boston (see p. 43). Plymouth is entered by either the railroad or the trolley line, close to its historic points. A walk not fatiguing from its length will embrace them all. If arrival is made by trolley car, the National Monument is passed at the entrance to the town. It is but a short distance from the railroad station, and if the visitor comes by train it might well be visited first, although it is in the opposite direction from the other Pilgrim sites. The way is through Old Colony Park, a short tree-lined walk from the rear of the station to Court Street, thence, to the right, to Cushman Street and to Allerton Street. The great granite pile, surmounted by the colossal figure of Faith, and with groups of sitting figures, is seen placed to advantage in a broad open space on the crown of a hill. It was designed by Hammatt Billings, and finally completed nearly thirty years after the comer stone was laid. PLYMOUTH 169 PLYMOUTH H A R B OR oc* Returning to Court Street and approaching the town center, Pilgrim Hall is reached, a little way beyond the head of Old Colony Park. In the front yard is a stone tablet inscribed with the words of the compact signed in the cabin of the Mayflower. The collection in the halls of the building, comprising Pilgrim antiquities, paintings, prints, and other historical objects, is of great extent and value. Most interesting to many visitors is the Standish case, in which is the doughty cap- tain's sword, said to be of early Persian make. Above Pil- grim Hall is the County C House, on the c site side of the street, back from a green park, in which are precious documents of Pilgrim days. These are preserved in the office of the registry of deeds, and include papers bear- ing the signatures of Bradford and Standish, orders in Brad- ford's handwriting, Standish's will, the plan of the first allot- ment of lands, the plotting of the first street (the present Leyden Street), and the original patent of 1629 granted to Bradford and his associates. North Street, just above the Court House, to the right from Court Street, leads to Plymouth Rock, under the high granite canopy also designed by Billings. The side gates in the iron railing are open dur- ing the daytime so that visitors may step upon the stone. Close by is Pilgrim Wharf. Cole's Hill, where the first houses of the colonists were set up, and where their first burials were made in unmarked graves, rises from the opposite side of Water Street, reduced and rounded now from a ragged elevation to a symmetrical green mound. On the brow is a small park overlooking the harbor. Here at the head of Middle Street, which Plymouth 170 PLYMOUTH opens from Carver Street, a tablet marks the spot where the skeletons of two of the forty-four Pilgrims, nearly half the number, who died dur- ing the first hard winter, were found a century and a half after. These remains, with parts of five other skeletons, are entombed in the chamber of the canopy over the rock. Leyden Street, next beyond Middle Street, the first and chief Pilgrim street, leads up to Burial Hill. Beyond its start at Carver Street the site of the first, or " common," house is seen, marked conspicuously, on the left side. Burial Hill rises abruptly from elm-shaded Town Square, a block from Main Street, practically a continuation of Court Street. Odd Fellows Building, on the corner of Main Street, marks the site of Gov- ernor Bradford's house. The site of the first meetinghouse is supposed to be covered by the tower of this building. Burial Hill was the place of the first forts, which served also as meetinghouses, and these are marked by oval tablets in the burying ground. The spot where the watch house was erected in 1643 * s similarly marked. The most impor- tant monuments here are over the graves of the Bradfords and of the Cushmans. The Governor Bradford obelisk occupies a point com- manding the fullest view of the town below. Among other graves of note here are those of John Howland, the last survivor in Plymouth of the Mayflower passengers, and Adoniram Judson, the Plymouth min- ister, father of Adoniram Judson, the early missionary to Burma. Watson's Hill, where the first Indians appeared to the colonists, and whence came the friendly Samoset and after him Massasoit, lies to the southward of Burial Hill. And below is seen the Town Brook crossing, where Massasoit and his braves were met by the Puritan leaders, from which meeting resulted the famous " league of peace." HARBOR AND BAY 171 V. EXCURSIONS AND TOURS HARBOR AND BAY To Pemberton (Hull) and Nantasket. By steamboats of Nantasket Beach Steamboat Company. Hourly from Rowe's Wharf (Atlantic Avenue circuit elevated railway station at door). Fare, 25 cents each way. Passengers have their choice of going to Nantasket by boat or landing at Pemberton and continuing to Nantasket along the shore by the electric trains of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Rail- road. Stations at Stony Beach, Allerton, Waveland, Kenberma, Bay- side, and Windermere. To Crow Point and Hingham. By steamboats of above-named company from same wharf. Fare, 25 cents each way. To Plymouth. By steamboats of above-named company from same wharf. Fare, 75 cents each w r ay. At Plymouth carriages are at the wharf for the tour of the town. Plymouth is also reached by railroad and electric lines (see South Shore, under Day Trips). To Provincetown. By steamer Dorothy Bradfoj-d from Snow's Arch Wharf, near Rowe's Wharf station, Atlantic Avenue circuit, Elevated railway (for details, see advertisements in daily papers), or by trains of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad (Plymouth Division) from South Station. The trip by water across the bay is very pleasant on a calm day. The steamer remains at Provincetown for an hour or two, giving visitors opportunity to look over the quaint town, and especially the great sand dunes which rise back of it and break off the strong northeast gales. To Hough's Neck (a pleasant resort in the city of Quincy). By steam- boats from Snow's Arch Wharf, four times daily. To Nahant. By steamboats from Otis Wharf, near Rowe's Wharf station, Atlantic Avenue circuit, Elevated railway. The boats pass out through Shirley Gut, between Winthrop and Deer Island. (For details of sailing, fares, etc., see advertisements in daily papers.) To Gloucester. By steamboats from Central Wharf, near State Street station, Atlantic Avenue circuit. Fare, 50 cents each way ; round trip, 75 cents. (For details of times of sailing, see advertisements in daily papers.) The boats of this line pass along the picturesque North Shore for the whole way, making a delightful trip. Gloucester is also reached by railroad and electric lines (see North Shore, under Day Trips). To Newburyport and Haverhill. By steamboats from Lewis Wharf, near Battery Street station, Atlantic Avenue circuit. (For details of sailings, etc., see advertisements in daily papers.) \-j2 maim: coast and Canadian points THE MAINE COAST AND RIVER POINTS To Portland. By steamboats of the Eastern Steamship Corporation from Central Wharf, near State Street station, Atlantic Avenue circuit. Every evening, summer season, at 7. Day trips three times a week. Fare, $1.25 each way; stateroom extra, according to location. To Rockland and Bangor. By steamboats of above-named company from India Wharf, near Rowe's Wharf station. Every evening at 5. These boats connect at Rockland with steamers of the same line for Mount Desert; also with boats for various island and shore resorts in Penobscot Bay, To Bar Harbor (Mount Desert). By steamboats of the same corpo- ration, from India Wharf, every evening (summer season) at 5. Three different routes — the Bar Harbor Line, the Blue Hill Line, and the Sedgwick Line — between Rockland, Maine, and the Mt. Desert sec- tion. The lines from Rockland pass through the beautiful scenery of the islands in Penobscot Bay, and touch at various points, among them Islesboro, Castine, Deer Isle, Sedgwick, Blue Hill, Brooklin, Southwest Harbor, Northeast Harbor. To Bath and Augusta. By steamers of the same corporation, Ken- nebec Line, from Foster's Wharf, near Rowe's Wharf station, Atlantic Avenue circuit. Every evening (summer season) at 6, except that the Friday evening steamer runs to Bath only. CANADIAN POINTS To Eastport, Maine, and St. John, N.B. By steamers of the Eastern Steamship Company from Union Wharf, near Battery Street station, Atlantic Avenue circuit. Mondays and Fridays. To Yarmouth, N.S., and the Provinces. By steamers of the Boston and Yarmouth Company, from Central Wharf, near Battery station, daily, except Saturday (summer season) at 2 p.m. At Yarmouth connec- tion is made with the Halifax and Southwestern Railway for points along the south shore of Xova Scotia ; also with trains of the Domin- ion Atlantic Railway for the " Land of Evangeline," the Annapolis Valley, Halifax, and (via Digby and steamer across the Bay of Fundy) St. John, N.B. To Halifax, N. S., Cape Breton, and Prince Edward Islands. By steamers of the Plant Line from Commercial Wharf, near Battery Street station, Atlantic Avenue circuit. Tuesdays and Saturdays at noon. At Halifax connect with trains of the Intercolonial Railway for all parts of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Quebec; at Hawkesbury, C.B., with trains COASTWISE POINTS 173 of the Intercolonial Railway for the Bras d'Or Lake, Sydney, and Louis- burg ; at Charlottetown, P.E.I., with trains of the Prince Edward Island Railway for all parts of the island. At Sydney, C.B., the steamer Bruce may be taken for Port aux Basques, Newfoundland, connecting there with the Reid Newfoundland Company's railroad across the island of St. John's, a journey of twenty-eight hours. OTHER COASTWISE POINTS To New York around Cape Cod, through Nantucket, Vineyard and Long Island sounds (May to November). By steamers of the Eastern Steamship Corporation from India Wharf, near Rowe's Wharf station, Atlantic Avenue circuit. Every afternoon at 5. Fare, $4.00 each way ; stateroom extra, according to location. To Philadelphia. By steamers of the Boston & Philadelphia Steam- ship Company from India Wharf, near Rowe's Wharf station, Atlantic Avenue circuit. Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, at 3 P.M. Fare, $10 each way ; round trip, $18, including meals and stateroom berth. To Baltimore and Norfolk. By steamers of the Merchants & Miners Transportation Company from Battery Wharf (station of Elevated railway at the door). Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays, at 2 P.M. To Savannah, Ga. By steamers of the Ocean Steamship Company from Lewis Wharf, near Battery Street station, Atlantic Avenue circuit. Wednesdays, at 3 p.m. To Charleston, S.C. By steamers of the Clyde Line. Twice a week. (For details, see advertisements in daily papers.) To Jamaica. By steamers of the United Fruit Company from Long Wharf, State Street station, Atlantic Avenue circuit. Sailings twice a week. Fare, $35 each way ; round trip, $60, meals and stateroom berth included, during the summer season. (For details, see advertisements in daily papers.) RAILROAD TOURS To Hyannis. By trains of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, Plymouth Division (South Station). Eight trains daily. A •journey of about two hours and a half, via Bridgewater, Middleboro, Buzzards Bay, and Yarmouth. To Woods Hole. By the same route as the above to Buzzards Bay ; thence via Monument Beach and Falmouth. Trains and running time are about the same as to Hyannis. At Woods Hole is the Marine Biological Laboratory, incorporated in 18S8 and opened in the summer of that year. Here investigations in marine biology are systematically 174 RAILROAD TOURS and constantly pursued by a corps of scientists, aided during the summer months by students from several of the universities. To Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket. By trains to Woods Hole, as above ; thence by steamers of the Marine District, New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad. Train from Boston at 1.38 p.m. makes close connection at Woods Hole. At Nantucket the steamer connects with trains of the Nantucket Central Railroad for Siasconset. To Newport, R.I. By trains of the New York, New Haven & Hart- ford Railroad, Providence Division (South Station). Eight times daily (from Back Bay station four minutes later), via Mansfield, Taunton, and Fall River. A journey of about two hours. Also by trains of the same division to Providence, R.I., frequently through the day, a ride of one hour; thence by steamers of the Providence, Fall River & Newport Steamboat Company. The ride down Narragansett Bay is very beau- tiful. Round trip, 60 cents. To the White Mountains. By trains of the Boston & Maine Railroad (North Station), Southern Division, via Lowell, Nashua, Manchester, Concord, and Franklin, N.H. ; Western Division, via Lawrence, Haver- hill, Dover, and Rochester, N.H. ; Eastern Division, via Salem, New- buryport, Portsmouth, and Rochester, N.H. (or via Portland, Me., and Maine Central Railroad by Sebago Lake and Bartlett, N.H.); to all mountain points. By either route a choice of two or three through trains daily can usually be had. The exact leaving time of each train can be obtained from advertisements in the daily papers, or by inquiry at the information booth in the waiting room of the North Station, or at the company's up-town passenger office, corner of Washington and Milk streets, where tickets may be bought and parlor-car seats or Pullman berths secured. To Lake Champlain, Vermont Resorts, Montreal, and Canadian Points. By trains of the Boston & Maine Railroad, Southern Division, via Lowell, Concord, N.H., White River Junction, Vt, and Vermont Central Rail- road; Fitchburg Division, via Fitchburg, Keene, N.H., Brattleboro and White River Junction, Vt., and Vermont Central Railroad ; or via Rut- land, Vt., and the Rutland Railroad to Burlington ; thence through the midst of Lake Champlain, over its beautiful islands to Alburgh, and on to St. Johns, P.Q. The same remarks as to train service, hours of leaving, etc., apply as in the case of the White Mountain trips. To Saratoga, Lake George, and the Adirondacks. By trains of the Bos- ton & Maine Railroad, Fitchburg Division, via Fitchburg, Greenfield, North Adams, and the Hoosac Tunnel. The same remarks as to train service, etc., apply as in the case of the two last outlined trips. IMPORTANT POINTS OF INTEREST 175 VI. IMPORTANT POINTS OF INTEREST For the Visitor whose Time is limited The visitor who has only two or three days to spend in Boston will find the following list of leading points of interest helpful in arranging an itinerary. Old South Meetinghouse. Washington Street, corner of Milk Street. Loan historical collection here. Open week days from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Fee, 25 cents. Old State House. Head of State Street. Memorial halls with historical col- lections, pictures, and library. Open from 9 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. ; Saturdays from 9.30 to 4. Free. Faneuil Hall. Faneuil Hall Square. Also military museum of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company in their armory on the upper floors. Open from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., except Saturdays and Sundays. Free. King's Chapel. Tremont Street, corner of School Street. Dating from 1754. Interesting interior. King's Chapel Burying Ground. Tremont Street, adjoining the Chapel. Oldest in Boston, established at about the time of the settlement. Contains tombs of the Winthrops, John Cotton, Governor Leverett, and numerous other Colonial families. Granary Burying Ground. Tremont Street, midway between Beacon and Park streets. Dating from 1660. Tombs and graves of governors of the Colony and the Commonwealth, and of Samuel Adams, James Otis, John Hancock, Paul Revere, Peter Faneuil, the parents of Benjamin Franklin, with many others of distinction or interest. Park Street Church. Corner of Tremont and Park streets. Dating from 1809. Historic. Interesting specimen of early nineteenth-century architecture, notably the tower and spire. St. PauPs Cathedral. Tremont Street, near Temple Place, opposite the Common. The church dating from 1820. Interesting interior. Pew No. 25 that of Daniel Webster. State House. Beacon Hill. Beacon Street and State House Park. Front part — the " Bulfinch Front" so called — built 1795-1797; the extension erected 1889-1895. Decorated interior. Numerous interesting features. Memorial Hall, with the battle flags, statues,. and portraits. The " Bradford manuscript" in the State Library. State House Park, with statues and monument. Shaw Monument. Beacon Street against the Common, opposite the State House. Memorial to Colonel Robert G. Shaw, commander of the first regiment of colored troops in the Civil War. A statue in high relief upon a bronze tablet. Boston Athenaeum. ioy 2 Beacon Street. Proprietary library. Dating from 1807, oldest in the country. Interesting interior. 176 IMPORTANT POINTS OF INTEREST House of the Historic Genealogical Society. Ash burton Place . Contains the most extensive and valuable genealogical collection known. Open to visitors without fee or charge from 9 a.m. to 5.30 p.m. daily, except Sundays and holidays. Old West Church. Cambridge Street, corner of Lynde Street, West End. Now the West End Branch of the Public Library. Built in 1806. Interior architecture well preserved. Successor of the West Church of the Revolutionary period, which was occupied as barracks by the British, who pulled down the steeple and used it for firewood, the patriots having employed it for signaling the camp at Cambridge. Christ Church. Salem Street, North End. Oldest existing church in Boston. Interesting interior. Open daily. Fee, including view from the tower, 25 cents. Copp's Hill Burying Ground. Hull Street, opening opposite to Christ Church. Oldest part dating from 1660. Historic tombs and graves. Paul Revere 's House. North Square; also various other old houses and his- toric sites of the North End. Bunker Hill Monument. Monument Square, Charlestown District. A few minutes' ride on the elevated railway from the North Station station. Revolu- tionary relics in the lodge. Open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. Fee, 20 cents. United States Navy Yard. Approach from City Square through Chelsea Street, Charlestown District. Naval Museum open from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Free. Natural History Museum. Berkeley Street, corner of Boylston Street, Back Bay. Open week days from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., with the exception of Wednesdays and Saturdays, when the hours are 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Free on these days; fee at other times, 25 cents. Art Museum. Huntington Avenue, Back Bay. Open week days from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. (November 1 to March 1, 4 p.m.). Free on Saturdays and Sundays (Sun- day hours from 12 M. to 5 p.m.), and public holidays; fee other times, 25 cents. Public Library. Copley Square, Back Bay. Mural decorations by John S. Sargent, Edwin A. Abbey, and Puvis de Chavannes. Second largest library in the world for free circulation. Open daily from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. through the sum- mer months; other seasons till 10 p.m. ; Sunday from 2 to 9 p.m. in summer; 10 p.m. other seasons. Trinity Church. Copley Square. One of the richest examples of ecclesiastical architecture in the country. Phillips Brooks Memorial. By the side of Trinity Church. Statue and canopy. Harvard University Buildings and Museums. Cambridge; less than fifteen minutes' ride by Cambridge Subway. (See Cambridge and Harvard, pp. 98-109.) Various parts of the chain of parks comprised in the Boston City Parks System and the public reservations embraced in the Metropolitan Parks System are within easy reach by electric or steam cars (see Public Parks, pp. 146-15 1) ; and there are pleasant harbor excursions to be enjoyed, occupying only a few hours or part of a day. (See Harbor and Bay, under Excursions and Tours, p. 171.) INDEX Abbey, Edwin A., 82 Aberdeen District, 115 Adams Academy, Quincy, 135 Adams, Charles Francis, Sr., birthplace, 34; 48; town house, 70 Adams, Charles Francis, Jr., 91 h ; gift of, to Quincy Historical Society, 136 Adams, Henry, tomb, 135 Adams, Herbert, 77 Adams, John, portrait, 13; 14, 33; statue of, at Mt. Auburn, 108; gifts of, to Quincy, 135 ; birthplace, 136 Adams, John Quincy, portrait, 13 ; 14; site of mansion house, 34; tomb, 135 ; birth- place, 136 Adams, Samuel, portrait, 13, 14; statue of, in Adams Square, 15, 16; tomb, 26, 27 ; 48; statue of, at Lexington, 155 Adams House, 34 Adams mansion, Quincv, 136 Adams Square, Boston, modern, 16 Adams Street, Milton, 13 r; Quincy, 136 Addington Road, Brookline, 1 14 African church, first, Boston, 69 Agassiz, Louis, monument of, at Mt. Auburn, 108 Alcott, A. Bronson, 71 Alcott, Louisa M., Boston homes, 71 ; Concord home, 156; grave, 157 Alcott family, homes, 156, 157, 158 Alden homestead, Duxbury, 168 Aldrich, Thomas Bailey, Boston homes, 70, 71, 73 Algerine Corner, Milton, 132 Algonquin Club, 80 Allston, Washington, head of, 86; home, 99 Allston Hall, 88 American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 91 H American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, 45, 46 American House (site of Gen. Joseph Warren's house), 18 American Peace Society, 30 American Unitarian Association, 45 American Waltham Watch Company, 1 27 Ames, Fisher, 137 Ames, Nathaniel, 137 Ancient and Hon. Artillery Company, ori- gin, 5; armory, 13; annual evolutions, 33 Anderson Bridge, Cambridge, 107 Andrew, Gov. John A., portrait, 13; statue, 41 ; 42; grave and statue of, at Hingham, 167 Andros, Lady, tomb, 23 Andros, Sir Edmund, 5 ; subscriber to King's Chapel, 24, 25; church organiza- tion coerced by, 52; refuge of, 53 Angell, Dr. George T., memorial, 53 Anthology Club (Boston Athenaeum), 46 "Appeal to the Great Spirit," statue, 91 Appleton, Samuel, 101 Appleton Chapel, Cambridge, 101 Appleton's pulpit, Saugus, 159 Apthorp, Rev. East, 109 Aquarium. See Marine Park Arborway, 146 Archbishop's house, Boston, 93 Aristides, statue, 70 Arlington, 152, 153 Arlington House (Cooper's Tavern), 152 Arlington Street Church, Boston, 77 Army and Navy Monument, 32 Arnold Arboretum and Bussey Park, 97, 146 Arnold Arboretum and Olmsted Park, 97 Arsenal, Watertown, 128 Art Club. See Boston Art Club Art Gallery, Maiden, 145 Art Museum, 46, 85,91 A-gr e, 91 g, no Ashburton Place, 47 Aspinwall Hill, Brookline, 114 Athenaeum. See Boston Athenseum Athenaeum, Salem, 162 Athenaeum Press, 98 Athletic Club, 81 Atlantic Avenue, 10, 53 Avery oak, Dedham, 138 Back Bay, extent, 74 ; filling, 75 ; District, plan, v Back Bay Fens. See Fens Back Bay station, 81 Baily, Rev. John, 26 Baker, William Emerson, 121 Ball, Thomas, statues by : of Andrew, 41 ; Quincy, 49; of Washington, 77 ; of Sum- ner, 77; birthplace, 68; group by, 94 Ballou, Hosea, monument to, at Mt. Auburn, 108 Ballou Hall, Tufts College, t 44 Bancroft, George-, 11 *77 i 7 8 INDEX Hanks, Nathaniel Prentiss, statue, 44; 127 Banner, Peter, architect, 29 Baptist Church, Newton (-'enter, 125 Baptist Church, present First, Boston, 57 Baptist headquarters, 47 Baptist meetinghouse, site of first, 56, 57 Barnum Museum, Tufts College, 144 Barre*, Col. Isaac, 12 Barricado, site, 10 Bartholdi, architect, 80 Bartlett, Maj. Gen., statue, 42 Battle tt, Paul W., sculptor, 96 Bartol, Cyrus A., home, 72; pulpit, 74 Basehall grounds, 91 g Bates, Joshua, 83 Battery Wharf, 173 Battle flags, 42 Battle ground, Concord, 158 " Battle of Lexington," painting, 155 Bay Psalm-book, 108 Bav State Road, 92 Beach Bluff, 160 Beachmont, 141, 142 Beacon, on Beacon Hill, 40, 41 Beacon Hill, original, 1; 36, 68 Beacon Hill Reservoir, 69 Beacon Street, 39, 45, 68, 80 Beacon Street Mall, illustrated, 31 Beaver Brook and Waverley Oaks, 149 Beck Hall, Cambridge, 99 Bedford Street, Lexington, 155 Beethoven, statue, 91 Belcher, Gov. Jonathan, 25 ; estate, 132 Belcher milestones, 132 Belden, Charles F. D., 42 Belknap, Rev. Jeremy, tomb, 26, 52 Belknap Street (now Joy Street), 69 Bell Alley (part of Prince Street), 59 Bellevue, hotel, 47 Bellingham, Gov. Richard, 21, 26 Belmont Square, East Boston, 94 Bennington, trophies captured at, 44 Bethel, Father Taylor's, 59 Beverly, 161 Bijou Dream, 34 Billings, Hammatt, architect, 122, 168, 169 Bishop, Bridget, death warrant, 165 Bishop house, Salem, 155 Bishop's Palace, Cambridge, 109 Black Horse Lane, 57 Black Horse Tavern, 152 Blackstone Street, 56 Blake, Francis, estate, 117 Blaxton, Rev. William, pioneer, 1, 68 Blaxton's spring, 70, 71 Blockade of Boston, the, farce, 14 Blue Ball, Sign of the, 55 Blue Hills Parkway, 134, 151 Blue Hills Reservation, 3, 131, 133, 148 Board of Trade Building, Boston, n Bolton, Charles Knowles, 47 Booth, Edwin, 22; home, 72; grave, 108 Boston, founded, 1 ; incorporated, 2 ; pop- ulation , 3 : Postal District, 3 ; Post Office Department, 3 Boston Art Club, Si, 88 Boston Athenasum, 26, 46, 47 Boston Athletic Association, 81, 116 Boston Basin. 3 Boston City Club, 47 Boston City Hospital, 93 Boston City Parks System, 64, m. 146- 148 Boston College, 93 Boston Common, surroundings, 31-34; old print of, 45; 146 Boston, frigate, site of shipyard, 64 Boston Massacre, site of, 5 ; 7, 17 ; graves of victims of, 26, 28 ; monument com- memorating, 33 ; 51 Boston Medical Library, 91 g Boston Museum, site, 21 ; picture of, 21 Boston Neck, 1, 75, 107 Boston Normal School, 91 e, hi Boston Opera House, 91, no Boston Pier, original, 10 Boston Sconce (South Battery), 10 Boston Society of Natural History, 89 Boston Spiritual Temple. See Spiritual Temple "Boston Stone, 1737," 56 Boston Street, Salem, 166 Boston Subway. See Subway Boston Symphony Orchestra, 30 Boston Tea Party, 16, 51. See also Tea Party Wharf Boston Theater, 34 Boston University, 47, 70, 81, 92 Bostonian Society, 9 Bosworth Street, 25 Bow Street, Cambridge. 109 Bowditch, Nathaniel, 108 Bowdoin, Gov. James, 17 ; tomb, 26 Bowlder (Lexington), 155 Boylston, Dr. Zabdiel, 113 Boylston, Ward Nicholas, 103 Boylston house, Brookline, 113 Boylston Street, Brookline, in Boylston Street Subway, 85, 91 h Brackett, Walter M., painter, 9 Bradford, Gov. William, site of house of, at Plymouth, 169; monument, 170 Bradford, Maj. John, house of, at Kings- ton, 168 Bradford Manuscript, 43,-51, 168 Bradstreet, Simon, 162; grave, 163 Braintree, 2 Brattle Square Church, 79 ; site, 17 ; model of, 91 r, ; cannon ball, 91 g Brattle Street, 16, 17 Brattle Street, Cambridge, 107 Brattle, Thomas, Sr., tomb, 23 Brattle, Thomas, Jr., 23 Brazer's Building, 5 Brazier, Madam, 15 Brazier's Inn (later Hancock Tavern), 15 Breed's Hill, site of Bunker Hill Monu- ment, 16 Breed's Island, 2, 141 Brewster, Elder, 16S INDEX 79 Brewster, hotel, 34 Brick Meetinghouse, Boston, 6 Bridge, John, statue of, Cambridge, 105 Bridge, Rev. Thomas, 22 Brigham, Charles E., architect, 40 Brigham Hospital. See Peter B. Brigham Hospital Brighton District, Boston, 3, 97 " Brimstone Corner," 29 British Coffee House, 7 Broad Street, Salem, 166 Broad's Hill, Natick, 123 Brook Farm, 96, 97 Brooklawn, 126 Brookline, 2, 109-115, 146 Brookline Avenue, 75, 91 f, hi Brookline Reservoir, 112 Brookline Street Bridge, 98, 99 Brooks, Phillips, 48 ; rector of Trinity Church, 86 ; statue, 87 ; 101 ; grave, 108 Brooks, Richard E., 77 Brunswick, hotel, 81 Bryant, J. G. F., architect, 40 Buckman Tavern, Lexington, 155 Bulfinch, Charles, architect, 23 ; designer of " Bulfinch Front," 12, 40, 41, 43, 60, 74, 103 Bulkeley, Peter, 158 Bunch-of-Grapes Tavern, 6, 7 Bunker Hill, 68 Bunker Hill Monument, 65 ; description, 66-68; Association, 44, 67 Burgoyne, Gen. John, 14, 51, 109, 127 Burial Hill, Plymouth, 169 Burlingame, Anson, portrait, 13; monu- ment of, at Mt. Auburn, 108 Burnet, Gov. William, 25 Burns, Anthony, meeting against rendi- tion of, 15 ; riot over, 19 Burying ground, ancient Town, Brookline, 112; Watertown, 129; Milton, 132; Quincy, 135; Arlington, 153; Ye Old, Lexington, 155; Salem (Charter Street), 163, (Broad Street), 166 Burying Hill, Marshfield, 168 Business Quarter, Boston, 3 Bussey Park, 97, 146 Buttrick, Maj. John, memorial, 42 ; grave, '57 Byles, Rev. Mather, 34 Bynner, Edwin L., 59 Cabot house, Salem, 166 Cadet Armory, 94 Cadet Armory, Salem, 162 Cambridge, 98-109 Cambridge Bridge, 73, 74, 98 Cambridge Common, 105 Cambridge Subway, 36, 98, 109, 129, 152 Camp Hill, East Boston, 94 Canavan, M. J., 32 Caner, Mr., rector of King's Chapel, 24 Canoeing, 116 Cape Ann, 3 Capen, Hopestill, 56 Captain's Hill, Duxbury, 168 " Careswell," Marshfield, 168 Carey, Arthur A., 83 Carey Public Library, Lexington, 155 Cass, Col. Thomas, statue of, 77 Castle Island, 147 Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Boston, 93 Cattle Market, Watertown, 128 Central Burying Ground, Boston, 34 Central Church, 79 Central District, Boston, 3, 4 Central Hill, Somerville, 143 Gentry Hill, 41 Chamber of Commerce, 11 Chandler's Pond, 115, 119 Change (formerly Flagg) Alley, 15 Charming, William Ellery, Boston pulpit, 53 ; home, 70; statue, 77 ; monument of, at Mt. Auburn, 108 Channing Home for Consumptive Women, 91 F Charles River Banks, 149 Charles River Basin, 73 Charles River Embankment. See River- bank Charles River village, 123 Charles Street, 72, 73 Charles Street Jail, 73 Charlesbank, 73, 148 Charlesgate, 91 h, 92 Charlestown, first settlement, r, 66; an- nexed to Boston, 2, 3, 65-68 Charlestown Bridge, 57 Charlestown ferry, 57 Charlestown Heights, 147 Charter Street, Boston, 57, 64 Charter Street, Salem, 163 Cheapside (subsequently Cornhill), 16 Checkley tomb, 27 Chelsea, 2, 142, 143 Cheney estate, 121 Cherry Street, Cambridgeport, 99 Chestnut Hill Park, 148 Chestnut Hill Reservoir, 114 Chestnut Street, Boston, 70, 72, 73 Chestnut Street, Salem, 165 Cheverus, John, 15 Chickatawbut Hill, 133 Chickering Hall, 90 Child, Lydia Maria, 59 Child, Tom, 56 Children's and Infants' Hospitals, 91 f Chilton, Mary, 23 Chilton Club, 80 Choate, Rufus, portrait, 13 ; statue, 20 Christ Church, Boston, 59-61 Christ Church, Cambridge, 106 Christ Church burial ground, Braintree, 136 Christian Science temple. See Church of Christ, Scientist Church, Benjamin, 23 Church of Christ, Scientist, 90 Church of England established in the Colony, 24 I. 'SO INDEX Church of the Advent, 73 Church of the Disciples, 91 f Church of the Immaculate Conception, 93 Churches, convenient, in Boston, ix, x City Hall, Boston, 3, 48, 49 ; Cambridge, 99; Newton, 118; Quincy, 135; Somer- ville, 144 ; Salem, 166 City Hall Annex, 18 City Point, South Boston, 95, m City Square, Charlestown, 66 Civic League, house of, 69 Claflin estate, 126 Clatiin School, Newton ville, 126 Clarendon Street Baptist Church, Boston, 94 Clark-Frankland mansion, site of, 59 Clark house, Brookline, 112 Clarke, James Freeman, 4S ; note from Hawthorne to, 71 ; 91c; Clarke, Jonas, Lexington, 155 Clark's Hotel, 34 Clifton Heights, 150 Clough, George A., architect, 20 Clyde Park, 1 13 "Cockerel Church" vane, 58 Codfish, the historic, 9, 43 Cohasset, 167 Cole's Hill, Plymouth, 169 College Club, 79 College Hill, Medford, 744 College of Pharmacy, Boston, 89 College Settlement, Boston, 94 Collins house, Danvers, 161 Collins, P. A., memorial, 91 h Collis P. Huntington Hospital for Can- cer, 91 F Colonial Club, Cambridge, 100 Colonial prison, 19 Colonial Theater, 34 Columbus Avenue, 94 Columbus statues : Louisburg Square, 70 ; Cathedral grounds, 93 Committee of Correspondence, Boston, 14 Commonwealth Avenue, 74, 78; statues in, 78-79 ; 80, 1 15, 146 Commonwealth Avenue Parkway, 74, 146 Commonwealth Pier, 94 Conant, Roger, statue of, at Salem, 64 Concord, 156-159; routes to, 152 ; map 156 Concord Antiquarian Society, 156 Concord Reformatory, 159 Concord schools, 159 Congregational House, 45 ; Pilgrim Hall in, 46 Congress Street, former, 4 ; present, 46 Conservatory of Music. See New .Eng- land Conservatory Constitution, timber sought for, 139 Constitution Wharf, 64 Continental forts, sites of, at Somerville, '43. '44 Conway, Field Marshal, portrait, 12 Coolidge, John, gift of descendants of, to Waterti >\\ n, 1 ■ , Coolidge, T. Jefferson. 104 1 looper's Tavern, site, 152 Copley, John Singleton, portraits by, 13, .; v ; site of house, 39: estate, 68, 86; sometime home of, at Salem, 166 Copley Hall, 88 Copley-Plaza, hotel, 80 Copley Society, 88 Copley Square, car lines passing through, vi : 74; surroundings, 80-86 Copley Square Hotel, 81, 90 Copp, William (gave name to Copp's Hill), 62, 64 ( 'opp's Hill, 59-65 Copp's Hill Burying Ground, 61-64 Copp's Hill Terrace, 64, 147 Corey, Giles, " witchcraft " victim, Salem, 164 Corey Hill, Brookline, 114, 119 Corinthian Yacht Club, 160 Corn Court, 15 Corahill, 16 Cort Theater, 34 Corwin, George, sheriff, 162 : witchcraft memorials of, at Salem, 165; grave, 166 Corwin, Judge Jonathan, 165 Cottage Hill, Winthrop, 139 Cotton, Rev. John, preacher, 5 ; estate, 20; tomb, 22 ; original farm, 114 Cotton Hill, site, 20 Country Club, Brookline, 113 County Jail, Boston, 73; Salem, 160 Couper, William, sculptor, 42 Court House of 1692, Salem, 165 Court House, present, Boston, 20: Ded- ham, 13S ; Salem, 160 ; Plymouth, r , Court Park, Winthrop, 140 Court Street, 16, 19 Cow (or Horse) Pond, Boston Common, 33 Craildock house, Medford, 145 " Cradle of American Liberty," 14 Craigie Bridge, 73 Craigie (afterward Longfellow) house, Cambridge, 107 Crancb, Richard, 166 Crane Public Library, Quincy, 135 Crawford. Thomas, statue by, 108 Creek Lane, 56 Crescent Beach, 141 Crispus Attucks Monument, 33 Crystal Lake, Newton, 126 Cunimings & Sears, architects, ^s dishing, Lieut. Gov. Thomas, tomb of, 26 Cushman, Charlotte, 25 ; birthplace, > s ; monument of, at Mt. Auburn, 108 Cushman School, Boston, 58 Cushmans, graves of the, Plymouth, 170 Custom House, Boston, n ; Salem, 160,163 Daille. Rev. Pierre, 26 Dallin, Cyrus E., sculptor, 91, 153 Dana, Richard H., Sr., 72 I >,m,i, Richard 1 1 ., Jr., 107 Danvers, r6i Dasset Alley (now Franklin Avenue), 17 INDEX 181 Davenport, Rev. John, tomb, 22 Davis, CapL Isaac, 42 Davis Square, West Somerville, 144 Dawes, Col. Thomas, monument to, 22 Daye, Stephen, first printer, 108 Deaconess Hospital, 91 f Dedham, 137-139 Dedham Historical Society, 137-139 Deland, Margaret, homes, 70, 72, 78 Denison House, Boston, 94 Derby Street, Salem, 163 Deshon, Moses, artisan, 9, 14 D'Estaing, allusion to, 56 Devens, Maj. Gen. Charles, statue, 44 Dexter, Mrs. Wirt, gate given to Harvard by, 100 Dickens, Charles, in Boston, 25 Diocesan House, 69 Dock Square, 4, 16 Dorchester District, 1, 3, 97 Dorchester Heights, 95 Dorchester Neck, 2 Dorchester Park, 147 Dorchesterway, 11 1, 147 Doublet Hill, Weston, 117 Downing- Bradstreet house, Salem, 162 Dowse Library, 91 g Drowne, "Deacon" Shem, artificer, 13, 52, 58 ; grave, 62 Dudley, Gov. Joseph, 25 ; milestones set up by, 106 Dudley, Thomas, 108 Dudleys, tomb of the, 96 Duel, first fought in Boston, 7, 32 Dummer, Gov. W'illiam, 26 Dunster, Henry, 6 Dunster Street, Cambridge, 108 Durant, Henry F., Wellesley College, 122 Durant, Pauline A. F., 122 Duxbury, 168 East Armory, 94 East Boston, 2, 3, 94 ; tunnel to, to, 19 East India Marine Building, Salem, 162 East Lexington, 153 East Street, Dedham, 138 Eastern Yacht Club, 160 Echo Bridge, 124, 149 Edward Everett Square, Dorchester, 41, 75 Egg Rock, off Nahant, 159 Eliot, Andrew, minister of the New North Church, 59, 60 Eliot, Chas. W., inscriptions on monu- ments by, 24, 32, 37; pupil of Latin School, 48 Eliot, John, son of Andrew, minister, 60 Eliot, John, the "apostle," 5; site of church of, Roxbury, 95 ; tomb, 96 Eliot Church, South Natick, 123 Eliot Monument, Newton, 118; South Natick, 123 Eliot Oak, South Natick, 123 Eliot School, North End, 57 Elks, Boston lodge, house of, 47 Elliott, John, painter, 83 Elmwood Avenue, Cambridge, 107 Emancipation Group, Park Square, 94 Emerson, Dr. Edward W., 159 Emerson, Ellen, 156 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, pupil of Latin School, 48, 51 ; minister Second Church, Boston, 58, 88, 100 ; home of, at Concord, 156; in Old Manse, 157; grave, 157 Emerson, Rev. William, 46, 79 Emerson house, Concord, 156 Emmanuel Church, 78 Endicott, Gov. John, 1 ; site of house of, at Boston, 20; site of house of, at Salem, 166; portraits, 166 Endicott, William C, 166 Engineers' Club, 79 English High School, Boston, 93 ; Cam- bridge, 99; Somerville, 144 Episcopal church, second, established, 60 Episcopal Church Association, 69 Episcopal Theological .School, 107 Ericson, Leif, statue, 79; supposed site of house, 107, 108 Esplanade, 73, 92 Essex Institute, Salem, 161, 162 Essex Street, Salem, 162, 165 Ether Monument, 74, 76 Eustis, Gov. William, 155 Everett, Edward, portrait, 13; statue, 41; 45, 48, 107 ; grave of, at Mt. Auburn, 108 Everett, Edward, Square. See Edward Everett Square Evergreen Cemetery, Brookline, 115 Exchange Building, 11 Exchange Street, former, 4 Excursions and tours, 171-174 Exeter Street, 89 Eye and Ear Infirmary, 73 Fairbanks house, Dedham, 138 Faneuil, Peter, 8, 12, 14; successors, 14; mansion, 21 ; tomb, 26 Faneuil Hall, location, 4, 11 ; description, 12, 13; the second, 14; lottery for, 14; surroundings, 15 Faneuil Hall Market, 16 Faneuil Hall Square, 15; west side, 16 Farnsworth, Isaac D., gift to Wellesley College, 122 Farragut, Admiral, statue, 95 Fay House, Cambridge, 106 Federal Building, 52, 53 Federal Street, 53 Federal Street, Salem, 161, 164 Federal Street Church, 53, 78 Federal Street Theater, 53 Fellsmere, 145 Fellsway, 141 Felton, President, sometime home of, 100 Fens, 91, 91 E, 91 f, 91 H, 92, no, in, 146 Fenway, 91 f, 91 g, 91 h Fenway Court, 91 e, hi Fenway Park, Baseball grounds, 91 h Fenway Road, 91 f 1 82 INDEX Fields, James T., " Curtained Corner " of, 4' i : home, 73 Fields, Mrs. Annie, 73 First Baptist Church (present), 17, 79 ; first meetinghouse, site of, 56 First Meetinghouse, Salem, i(>2 First Parish Church, Brookline, 112 First Parish Church, Quincy, 135 First Parish meetinghouse, Watertown, 129 First Religious Society in Roxbury, 95 Fish (afterward North) Street, 57 Flagg (afterward Change) Alley, 15 Fogg Art Museum, Harvard Univ., 101 Follen Church, Fast Lexington, 153 " Foot of the Rocks," Arlington, 153 Forbes family estates, Milton, 132 Ford, Daniel Sharp, 47 Ford Hall, 47 Forest Hills Cemetery, 97 Forsyth Dental Infirmary, 91 g Fort Banks, Winthrop, 140 Fort Heath, Winthrop, 140 Fort Hill Square, 53 Fort Independence, 147 Fort Sewall, Marblehead, 160 Forts: Revolutionary, Roxbury, 95 ; Win- throp, 140; Boston, 147; Marblehead, 160; first, at Plymouth, 170 Foster, John, of 1681, 64; John, giver of the Chantiing statue, 77 Foster Lane, 64 Fowle, Marshall, 128 Francis Parkman Memorial, 146 Frankland, Sir Harry, 59 Franklin, Benjamin, printing office, work place of, 17 ; monument to parents of, 27: at Latin School, 48 ; statue, 48 ; birth- place, 52 ; place of baptism, 52 ; boyhood home, 55 ; origin of ballad by, 63 ; gift of, to Harvard, 104 Franklin, James, brother of Benjamin, 17 Franklin, Josiah, dwelling and shop, 55 ; tomb of, and his wife, 26 ; monument to, 28 Franklin Avenue, 16, 17 Franklin Field, 147 Franklin Park, 33 a, 96, 147 Franklin Park Zoological Garden, 34 a, '47 Franklin Union, 94 Free Masons' hall, first, 55 Freeman, Rev. James, King's Chapel, 24 French, Daniel C, statues by: Rufus Choate, 20; Maj. Gen. Bartlett, 42 ; Gov. Wolcott, 43 ; Maj. Gen. Hooker 44 ; John Harvard, 104; the Minuteman,i58; memorial at grave of Martin Milmore, 97 ; the Francis Parkman memorial, 146 ; bronze doors, Public Library, 82; 91 <. French's redoubt, 143 Frog Pond, Boston Common, 32, 33 Frothingham, Richard, in Fuller, Margaret, monument of, at Mt. Auburn, 108 Gage, Gen. Thomas, 61, 104 ; headquarters of, at Danvers, 161 Gallop, Capt. John, 62 Gallop's Island, 62 Galloupe house, 62 Gallows Hill, Salem, 160, 166 Gannett, Rev. Ezra, 78 Gardner, Mrs. John L., art museum, 91 e, in; country seat, 1 12 Gardner Circle, Brookline, 114 Gardner family tomb, Brookline, 112 Garnsey, Elmer E., painter, .S3 Garrison, Wm. Lloyd, first public anti- slavery address, 29 ; first office of the Liberator, 53; mobbing of, 53 ; statue 78 : home, 96 ; tomb, 97 General Theological Library, 69 Georgian, hotel, 34 Gerrish's, Col., regiment (Revolution), 142 Gerry, Elbridge, at Black Horse Tavern, .152 Gilbert, John, tomb, 97 Gilman, Rev. Samuel, author of " Fair Harvard," 106 Ginn and Company, publishing house, 37, 38, 47 : Athenaeum Press, 98 Girls' High School, 93 Girls' Latin School, 91 e, in Gloucester, 161, 171 (Hover, Gen. John, statue, 78 Goddard Chapel, Tufts College, 144 Goddard Gymnasium, Tufts College, 144 Goddard house, Brookline, 113 Goffe, regicide, 109 Goodell, Abner C, Salem, 164 Goose, Mary, 29 Gore, Gov. Christopher, tomb, 26; gift of Gore Hall, Harvard, 100; house, 128 Gould, Helen M., gift of, to Wellesley College, 122 Gould, Marshall S. and Thomas R., statue of Bridge by, 105 Gould, Thomas R. , statues by : (with Mar- shall S. Gould) Bridge (Cambridge), 105; Hancock (Lexington), 15s ; Andrew, 167 Governor Gore house, Waltham, 128 Governor Hutchinson Field, Milton, 151 Governor's Alley (Province Street), 52 Grammar school, Boston, first, 60 Granary, the town, 30 Granary Burying Ground, 8, 25, 26 Grand Lodge, of Massachusetts, 35 : of the Province, first, 55 Granite Temple, Quincy, 13s Gray, Francis C, gift of Grays Hall to Harvard, 103 Gray, Judge Horace, house, 70 Great Blue Hill Observatory, 133 Great Cove, 4, 10 Great Elm, Boston Common, 32 Great Fire of 171 1, 6, S ; of 1760, 7; of 1S72. 53, 87 Great Head, \\ inthrop, 140 " Great House," Charlestown, 66 Greater Boston, 3 INDEX >S3 Green, Dr. Samuel A., qih Green Dragon Tavern, site, 55 (ireen Lane (now Salem Street), 56 Greenough, Richard, statue of Franklin by, 48 ; statue of Winthrop by, 108 ; Bunker Hill Monument devised by, 67 Greenwood, Francis W. P., grave, 62 Griffin's Wharf, scene of Boston Tea Party, 54 Griffith, Vincent C, architect, 77 Grover's Cliff, Winthrop, 140 Grundmann Studios, 88 Hale, Edward Everett, birthplace, 25 ; homes, 47, 96; at Latin School, 48; statue, 76; pulpit, 89 Hale, Nathan, 47 Hamilton, Alexander, statue, 78 Hamilton Place, 30 Hancock, Ebenezer, 56 Hancock, Gov. John, 13; store, 15, 17; tomb, 26, 27, 28; monument to, 28; mansion, 37-39, 47 ; at Latin School, 48 ; supposed house of, at Point Shirley, 139; at Lexington, 155; statue, 155 Hancock, Lydia, 39 Hancock, Rev. John, grandfather of Gov. Hancock, tomb of, at Lexington, 155 Hancock, Rev. John, 2d (father of Gov. Hancock), grave of, at Quincy, 135 Hancock, Thomas, 39 Hancock Avenue, 37 Hancock-Clarke house, Lexington, 155 Hancock estate, 40 Hancock Hill, Milton, 133 Hancock house, 38, 47 Hancock monument, 28 Hancock Row, Boston, 56 Hancock statue, Lexington, 155 Hancock Street, Boston, 69 ; Quincy, 136; Lexington, 155 Hancock Tavern, 15 Hancock's Wharf, 65 Handel and Haydn Society, 90 Harrington, Jonathan, Sr., East Lexing- ton, 153 Harrington, Jonathan, fifer to the minute- men, Lexington, 153 Harrington, Jonathan, aminuteman, killed at Lexington, 155 Harrington houses, East Lexington, 153 ; Lexington, 155 Harrison, Peter, architect, 23, 106 Harry Elkins Widener Memorial Library, 100 Hart's Hill, Wakefield, 150 Hartt, Edmund, grave, 62, 64 Harvard, John, monument to, 66; site of dwelling of, 66 ; supposed place of grave, 66; statue of, at Cambridge, 104 Harvard Bridge, 91 h, 92, 98 Harvard Cooperative Association, 103 Harvard Club of Boston, 80, 91 h Harvard Dental School, 74, 91 f Harvard Library, 100 Harvard Medical School, 74, 91 f Harvard Musical Association, 30, 72 Harvard Observatory, 100, 108 Harvard Square, 36, 98, 99 Harvard Union, 100 Harvard University, 99-108; gates, 100, 101 ; Library, 100; Emerson Hall, 100; Sever Hall, 101 ; Appleton Chapel, 101 ; Fogg Art Museum, 101 ; Phillips Brooks House, 101 ; dormitories, 1 01-103 i Hem- enway Gymnasium, 103 ; Lawrence Sci- entific School, 103; Laboratory, 104; Memorial Hall, 104; Robinson Hall, 104; Randall Hall, 104; Germanic Mu- seum, 104; Mineralogical Museum, 104; Semitic Museum, 104; Divinity Hall, 104; Peabody Museum, 104; University Museum, 104; Botanical Museum, 104; Museum of Comparative Zoology, 104 ; Geological Museum, 104 ; Law School, 104; Radcliffe College, 106; Soldiers Field, 1 07; Stadium, 107; boathouses, 107; Observatory, 108 ; Botanic Garden, 108 Hathorne, Judge, of the " witchcraft court," Salem, 163 Haven, Judge Samuel, house of, at Ded- ham, 138 Hawthorne, Nathaniel, customs officer, Boston, 11 ; the prison in the "Scarlet Letter," 19; scene of the " Legends of the Province House," 52 ; birthplace of, at Salem, 61 ; note from, to J. F. Clarke, 71 ; later homes in Salem, 163, 164, 165 ; mementos of, at Salem, 163 ; in Old Manse, and the Wayside, Concord, 157; grave, 157 Hawthorne's Walk, Concord, 157 Haymarket Square, 41 Haymarket Theater, site, 34 Healy, G. P. A., 12 Hemenway, Augustus, gift of, to Harvard, 103 Hemenway, Mrs. Mary, 51, 122 Hemenway Street, 91 Hemlock Gorge, Newton Upper Falls, 124; Reservation, 149 Henchman, Daniel, bookshop of, 5 Henry L. Pierce Building, 88 Hibbens, Anne, 32 Higginson, Henry L., patron of Boston Symphony Orchestra, 30; one of the donors of Harvard Union, 100 ; donor of Soldiers Field to Harvard, 107 Higginson, Thomas W., 19 High School, Lexington, 154; Milton, 133 ; Newtonville, 126; Salem, 166; Somer- ville, 144 ; Wellesley, 120 High School of Commerce, 91 e High Street, Boston, the original, 5 ; Ded- ham, 137, 138 Highland Park, 95 Highland Street, 95 Highlandville, 123 Hillard, George S., homes, 71 Hillside Burying Ground, Concord, 157 [84 [NDEX I [ingham . 167, 17" Hoar, E. R.. judge, 157: birthplace, 15 s Hoar, George F.,43; birthplace, 158 Hoar, Leonard, tomb. 1 35 lln,ir family, monuments of, at Concord, 157; homes nt, at Concord, 158 Hog 1 Breed's I Island, ■ Holbrook Mansion, Milton, 132 Holden, Madame, gift of, to Harvard, roi Hollis, Thomas, gift of, to Harvard, 101 Ilollis Street Church, 34 : united wiih Smith Congregational, 89 Hollis Street Theater, 34 Holnn-s, Oliver Wendell, quoted, 17, 29; memorial tablet of, in King's I hapel, 24 : homes, 25, 38, 47. 51, 73, y > • : memen- tos of, in Boston Medical Library, 01 a ; birthplace, 105; grave, 108 Holmes Hall, Boston Medical Library, 91 g Homeopathic Hospital, 47, 93 Hooker, Map Gen. Joseph, statue, 44 Hooper house, Danvers, 161 Horse (or Cow) Pond, Boston Common, 33 Horsford, Eben N., Norse memorials by, 108, 117, 126, 129 Horticultural Hall, 90 Hotels, principal, of Boston, viii Houdon, Jean Antoine, sculptor, 61 Hough's Neck, 171 Houghton Mifflin Company, publishing house, 45 House of the Good Shepherd, 1 1 1 " House of the Seven Gables," 164 Howard Street, Salem, 164 Howe, Julia Ward, bonus, 72, 80 Howe, M. A. DeWolfe, home, 73 Howe, Samuel G., grave, 108 : Perkins In- stitution for the Blind, developed by, 128 Howells, William D., 71 Howland, John, grave of, at Plymouth, 170 Hull, .70 Hull. John, the "mint master," 21 ; tomb, 27. tu Hull, Maj. Gen. William, grave of, at Newton, 125; former estate, 126 Hull Street, origin of name. 61 Hunnewell, H. Hollis, gifts of, to Welles- ley, 120 ; estate, i2r Hunt, William M., Memorial Library, .|i n Huntington Avenue, -(. 7;. 87,91, 111 Huntington Avenue Station, 81 Huntington Hall, 89 Hutchinson, .Anne, 50 Hutchinson, Gov. Thomas, birthplace, 58, 59; country seat of, in Milton, [31 Hutchinson tomb (Copp's Hill), desecra- tion of, 63 Hyde Park District, 2, 97 Important points of interest in Boston, '75 Independence Monument (first), ;: Indian of old Province House, 52, ,1 <. Indian Bible, Eliot's, Information l'.ureaus at railroad stations, vii [ngersoll family, home of, at Salem, 164 Institute of Technology, the Massachu- setts, 8j : building: Institution Hill, Newton, 12; Isabella Stuart Gardner Museum, 91 1:, 1 1 1 Jack, John, slave, Concord Jackson, Prig. Gen. Michael, grave, 125 Jacob Sleeper I (all, v i Jamaica Park. See Olmsted Park Jamaica Plain, 97, 111, 14'' Jamaica way. See < > busted Park Jeffries, B. Joy, 72 Jeffries Point, East Boston, 139 Jerusalem Road, Cohasset, ti 7 Jewett, Sarah Orne, home, 73 Johnson, Ellen C, memorial to, mi Johnson, Isaac, colonist, 1 Joy Street (formerly Belknap Street), 69 Judson, Adoniram, grave, 171 Julien, M., grave, 34 Keayne, Capt. Robert, site of house of, 5 ; will, 10 Keith's Theater, 34 Keinble, Fanny, 25 Reyes, Judge, historic house of Concord, Kidd, Capt., in Colonial prison, 19 Kidder, Henry P., estate of, at Milton, 132 Kilby Street, origin of name, 7 Kimball, Moses, 21, 94 King, Rev. Thomas Starr. 34 King (now State) Street. 7 Kings's Beach and Lynn Shore Reserva- tion, 150, 160 King's Chapel, description, 23, 24. 25, 4^ King's Chapel Burying Ground, 21 Kingston, 16S Kitson, H. H., sculptor, 44. : site nt dwelling, 58 Latin School, Boston. See Public Latin School Latin School, Cambridge, 99; Roxbury, 96 ; Salem, 166 Lawrence. Abbott, former residence. 45; gift of, to Harvard, 104 INDEX i85 Lawrence schoolhouse, South Boston, 95 Lee, Col. Jeremiah, at Black Horse Tavern, 15J Lee, Gen. Charles, headquarters, 144 Lee, Henry, 51 ; estate of, at Brookline, 113 Lee, Jesse, grave, 62 Lee, Thomas, gifts of, to city, 76, 78 Leslie, Lieut. Col., at Salem Bridge, 165 Leverett, Gov. John, site of house, 6 ; tomb, 23 Leverett, John (president of Harvard), at Latin School, 48 Leverett Park. See Olmsted Park Leverett's Lane, 4 Lewis, Thomas, 63 Lewis's Wharf, 64, 65 Lexington, 154, 155 ; arms captured at, 44 ; routes to, 152; map, 154; Lexington Green, 154 Lexington Street, Lexington, 156 Leyden Stieet, Plymouth, 170 Liberator, first offices, 53 Liberty Tree, 34 Liberty Tree Tavern, Boston, 35 Life Saving Station, United States, 95 Lind, Jenny, in Boston, 71 Lodge, Henry Cabot, former Boston home, 70; at Nahant, 159 Long, John D., Hingham home, 167 " Long Path," Holmes's, Boston Com- mon, 39 Long Wharf, 10 Longfellow, A. W., architect, 101 Longfellow, Alice, 107 Longfellow, H. W., 71 ; house of, at Gam- bridge, 107; grave, 108 Longfellow house, Cambridge, 107 Longwood Avenue, 91 e, hi Loring, Judge, Winthrop estate, 140 Louis Philippe in Boston, 15 Louisburg Square, 70, 71 ; Blaxton's his- toric spring, 70, 71 Love Lane (now Tileston Street), 60 Lovell, John, master Latin .School, 14 Lowell, Augustus, estate of, at Brookline, "3 Lowell, James Russell, 33, 37, 51 : home of, at Cambridge, 107 ; grave, 108 Lowell, John, Jr., founder of Lowell Institute, 89 Lowell, Judge John, Winthrop estate, 140 Lowell, Percival, house, 72 Lowell, Rev. Charles, pulpit, 74; grave, 108 Lowell house, Cambridge, 107 Lowell Institute, 89 Lowell School of Practical Design, 89 Lowell Street, Concord, 158 Lunt, George, house, 72 Lyman, Arthur T., 147 Lyman, Theodore, estate of, at Brookline, 113 Lynde, Benjamin, 1st and 2d, graves, 163 Lynn, 159 T.ynn Fells Parkway, 151 Lynn Shore Reservation, 150 Lynn Woods, 150 Lynnway, 151 Mackerel Lane (now Kilby Street), 6, 7 McKim, Charles F., architect, 37, 87, 100, 102 McKim, Mead & White, architects, 85, 100 MacMonnies, Frederick, sculptor, 82 Magazine Street, Cambridge, 99 Main Guardhouse (1768-1770), 5 Main Street, Medford, 145 Majestic Theater, 34 Malcom, Capt. Daniel, gravestone, 63 Mall Street, Salem, 164 Manchester-by-the-Sea, 161 Mann, Horace, statue, 41 Manual Training School, Cambridge, 99 Marblehead, 160 Marblehead Neck, 160 Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, 173 Marine Hospital, Chelsea, 143 Marine Park, South Boston, 34 a, 95, in, 147 Marine Park Aquarium, 34 a, 95 Market Street (afterward Cornhill), 16 Marshall Fowle house, Watertown, 128 Marshall's Lane (now Street), 55, 56 Marshfield, 168 Masconomo House, Manchester-by-the- Sea, 161 Mason, Dr. Lowell, 29 Masonic Temple, 35 Massachusetts Avenue, extent of, 75 ; 91 h ; in Arlington, 152, 153 Massachusetts Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary. See Eye and Ear Infirmary Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Asso- ciation, 81, 90 Massachusetts Civic League, 69 Massachusetts College of Pharmacy. See College of Pharmacy Massachusetts General Hospital, 73, 74 Massachusetts Historical Society, 16, 17; founder, 26, 52 ; building; 91 g Massachusetts Homeopathic Hospital. See Homeopathic Hospital Massachusetts Horticultural Society. See Horticultural Hall Massachusetts Institute of Technology. See Institute of Technology Massachusetts Normal Art School. See Normal Art School Massachusetts Sfiy, 56 Massacre of 1770. See Boston Massacre Mather, Cotton, at Latin School, 48, minister of the Old North Church, 58 : tomb, 62, 88; 92 Mather, Increase, site of house of, at North Square, 57 ; Hanover Street house, 60 ; tomb, 62, 142 Mather, Mrs. Increase, grave of, in Brook- line, 112 1 86 INDEX Mather, Nathaniel, grave of, in Salem, 163 Mather, Richard, tomb of, in Dorchester, 97 Mather, Rev. Samuel, house, 59 ; tomb, 62 Mather-Eliot house, 60 Mathers, Church of the, 58 Mattapan, 134 Matthews, Nathan, gift of, to Harvard, 103 Matthews, Nathan, Jr., 36 Maugus Hill, Wellesley, 120 Maverick, Samuel, fortified house of, 94, '43 Mayflower Club, 45 Mead, Edwin 1)., 51 Mechanics' Building, 90 Medford, 145 Meetinghouse Hill, Dorchester, 97 Memorial Fountain (Dr. George T. An- gell), 53 ; (Ellen C. Johnson). .)i Memorial Hall, Cambridge, 49 ; Dedham, 137 ; Lexington, 155 Menotomy, early name of Arlington, 152 ; " Menotomy," statue, 153 Merchants' Exchange, n Merchants Row, 7 " Merrymount," 136 Merwin, Henry C, house, 72 Metropolitan District, cities and towns in, 98 Metropolitan Parks System, 3, 148-151, 160 Metropolitan Sewerage District, 3 Metropolitan Water Board, 3, 117 Metropolitan Water District, 3 Meyer, George von L., gift of, to Har- vard, 10 1 Middlesex Fells, 141, 145, 149 Middlesex Fells Parkway, 145, 151 Military Company of Massachusetts, first, 5 Milk Street, 52, 53 Mill Bridge, 56 Mill Creek (now Blackstone Street), 56 Mill Pond, filling, 41, 51, 56 Mill Street, Salem, 166 Mills, Charles*^., painter, 94 Milmore, Martin, monuments by: in Bos- ton, 32; Charlestown, 65 ; Mt. Auburn, 108; statues by : in Boston, 78 ; Lexing- ton, 155 ; tomb, 97 Milton, 130-134 Milton Academy, 133 Milton Churches, 133 Milton Lower Mills, 130 Minuteman statues: Lexington, 155 ; Con- cord, 158 Misery Island, 160 Monument Street, Concord, 157 More, Richard, Mayflower passenger, grave of, 163 Morse, Rev. Jedidiah, 66 Morse, Samuel F. B., birthplace, 66 Morse, Sidney H., sculptor, 88 Morse Institute Library, Natick, 123 Mm ton. Dr. W. T. <'>.. monument to, 74 " Mother Brook," 137 " Mother Goose," 29 Motley, John Lothrop, at Latin School, 48 ; boyhood home, 72 Moulson, Lady Anne, 106 Moulton's Point, 65 Mt. Auburn Cemetery, 108 Mt. Auburn Street, Cambridge, 107 Mt. Vernon Church, 47, 92 Mt. Vernon Street, 47, 72, 73 Mt. Wollaston, 136 Muddy River, 91 h, 109, hi Munroe's Tavern, Lexington, 154 Murray, W. H. H., 31 Murray's Barracks, 17 Museum of Fine Arts. See Art Museum Museum School of Drawing and Painting, 91 D Music Hall, old, 30, 31 Myers, James J., 103 Myles, Rev. Samuel, 60 Mystic ponds, 145 Mystic River banks, 149 Mystic Street, Arlington, 152 Nahant, 159 Nantasket Beach Reservation, 148 Napoleon willow, 64 Natick, 123 National Monument, Plymouth, 168 Natural History Museum, 81 , 89 Naval Hospital, Chelsea, 143 Navy Yard, Charlestown, 65 Needham, 123 Neponset River, 134 Neponset River banks, 14S Neponset River Parkway, 151 " New Back Bay," 92 New Brick (afterward Cockerel) Church, 58 New England Children's Hospital, 91 f New England Conservatory of Music, 90 New England Historic Genealogical So- cietv, 47 New Old South Church, 87 Newman, Robert, site of home, 61 Newspaper Row, 52 Newton Boat Club, 116 Newton Boulevard, 115, 116, 120 Newton Cemetery, 125 Newton Center burying ground, 125 Newton Club, 126 Newton Highlands, 125 Newton Hospital, 120 Newton Lower Falls, 117, 120 Newton Theological Institution, 125 Newton Upper Falls, 124 Newtons, the, 115; 116—119, 124-126 Nonantum, irq; present village, 126 Nook's Hill, South Boston, 95 Normal Art School, 89 Norse Memorials. See Horsford North Battery (Battery Wharf), 10, 64 North Bridge, Salem, 165 INDEX 187 North Cambridge tablets, 152 North Church. See Old North Church North Cove, 41 North End, 3, 4, 54-65; beach, 147 North End Bathhouse, 60 North End Branch Library, 60 North End (afterward the Eliot) School, 57 North Grove Street, 74 North Shore, 159-166 North Square, 57, 58 North Station, Boston, vi, vii, 35, 36 North Street, 57 Norumhega Park, 115, 116 Norumbega Tower, 117 Nottingham, hotel, go Nourse, Rebecca, witchcraft victim, 161 Ocean Spray, 139 " Old Corner Bookstore," 49 Old Court House, 18, 19, 48 Old Manse, Concord, 157 Old North Bridge, Concord, 157, 158 Old North Church, 58, 61, 92 Old Powder House, Somerville, 144 Old Ship Church, Hingham, 167 Old South Church. See New Old South Church Old South Meetinghouse, 50, 51, 87 Old State House, 4, 5, 8, 9 Old stone monument, Lexington, 155 Old Town Dock, 15 " Oldtown Folks," scene of H. B. Stowe's, 123 Olmsted, Frederick Law, park named for, 1 11 ; home, 112 Olmsted Park, m, 113, 146 Orchard House, Concord, 156 O'Reilly, John Boyle, monument to, 91 G Orient Heights, 141 Orne, Col. Azor, at Black Horse Tavern, 152 Otis, James, 7 ; in Faneuil Hall, 14: tomb, 26, 27; picture representing, 42 ; statue, 108 Otis Street, Milton, 132 Oxenbridge, Rev. John, tomb, 22 Oxford, hotel, 81, 90 Paine, Robert Treat, 13 ; portrait, 13 ; tomb, 26 ; at Latin School, 48 ■ Palfrey, John G., home, 71 " Palisadoed " fort, first, Charlestown, 66 Parade Ground, Boston Common, 33 Park Riding School, 91 h Park Street, vi, 35, 44, 45 Park Street Church, 29, 30 Park Theater, 34 Parker, Capt. John, of the Lexington minutemen, 44, 155 Parker, Theodore, indicted, 19; pulpit, 31, 44; statue, 96; birthplace, 156 Parker House, 25, 48 Parkman, Dr. George, 33 b, 74 Parkman, Francis, 12; houses, 72, 78; memorial, 146 Parkman, George F., gift of, for Common and park benefit, 33 a ; sketch of, 33 b Parkman, Samuel, 12, 13 Parks. See Public Parks Parkways, 151 Parsons, Dr. T. W., house, 72 Peabody, 161 Peabody, Rev. A. P., sometime home of, 100 Peabody, George, 161 Peabody, Dr. Nathaniel, house of, at Salem, 163 Peabody, Oliver W., estate of, at Milton, 132 Peabody, Sophia, 71, 163 Peabody Academy of Science, Salem, 161, 162 Peabody Institute, Peabody, 161 Peabody Museum, Harvard, 104 Pearl Street, 46, 53 Pelham, Penelope, 21 Pemberton Square, 20, 21 Percy, Lord, 39, 144; at Lexington, 154 Perkins, Thomas Handasyd, 26 Perkins Institution for the Blind, 128 Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, 91 f Phillips, Mayor John, 26 Phillips, Wendell, 13; first antislavery speech of, 14 ; indicted, 19, 27 ; birth- place, 37, 69 ; grave, 132 Phillips Brooks House, Harv. Univ., 101 Phillips Brooks Memorial, 87 Phipps, Spencer, 15 Phipps Street, Charlestown, burying ground, 65, 66 Phips, Sir William, 64 Pickering, John, Salem, 166 Pickering house, Salem, 161, 166 Pierpont, Rev. John, 34 Pilgrim documents, Plymouth, 169 Pilgrim Hall, 46 Pilgrim Hall, Plymouth, 169 Pillar of Liberty, Dedham, 138 Pillory, 4 Pinckney Street, 68, 71, 73 Pitcairn, Major, 57, 61, 155, 156 " Pitt's Head," Dedham," 138 Pleasant Street, Arlington, tablet, 153 Plummer Hall, Salem, 162 Plymouth, 167, 168-170 Point of Pines, 141 Point Shirley, 139 Pormont, Philemon, 4S Post Office, 52 Posl Office Square, 53 Powderhorn Hill, Chelsea, 142 Powers, Hiram, statue by, 41, 86 Pratt, Bela L., sculptor, 42, 76, 82 Pratt mansion, Chelsea, relic, 142 Prescott, Col. William, statue, 66 Prescott, William H., tomb, 35; house, 40; the "crossed swords," 91 g; birth- place, 162 Prince, Rev. Thomas, tomb, 26 ; library, 5i iSS INDEX Prince Street (formerly Black Horse Lane), 57 Prison Lane (afterward Court Street), 19 Prospect Hill, Sonierville, 143 ; Walt ham, 1 iS. U'' Province Court, 52 Province House, 52, 91 G, 92 Province Street (Governor's Alley), 52 Public Garden, 30, 74, 76; statues and monuments in. 76-77 ; 14'' Public Latin School, various sites, 48; distinguished pupils of, 48, 93 Public libraries: Cambridge, 99; Brook- line, 114: Wellesley, 120; Watertown, 128 ; Milton. 133: Quincy, 135,; Somer- ville, 144 : Maiden (Converse Memorial 1, 145; Arlington (Robbins Memorial), 153; Lexington (Carey), 155; Concord, 1 58 ; Salem. [66 Public Library, Poston, first provision for, 10 ; site of first, 34 : present, 81-85 Public parks, 146-151 Pudding Lain- now Devonshire Street), 5 Puling, John, 61 Pullen Poynt, 139 Punch-Bowl Tavern, m Puritan, hotel, 91 h Puritan Club. 40 Putnam, Gen. Israel, headquarters of, at Cambridge, 99 ; at Somerville, 143 ; birth- place, 1 01 Putnam, Gen. Rufus, 7 Puvis de Chavannes, decorations by, S2 Quaker meetinghouse, 17 Quakers, incarceration of, 19 ; execution, 32 Queen Street (afterward Court St.), 16, 19 Quincy, 2, 134-136 Quincy, I (orothy, 135, 136 Quincy, Edmond, tomb, 135 ; dwelling, 136" Quincy. Josiah (first mayor of Quincy), 11 ; house, 43: statues, 49 Quincy, Josiah, Jr. id. 1775), 135 Quincy Historical Society, 136 Quincy House, 17 Quincy mansion house, Quincy, 136 Quincy Market House, n Quincy shore, [48 Quincy Street, Cambridge, 100 Radcliffe College, 106 Radical Club, 72 Randi dph, 2 Randolph, Edward, 24 Ratcliffe, Rev. Robert, in Colonial prison, [9 ; rector of King's Chapel, 24 Rawson, Edward, 20 Read. Benjamin J'., gift to city by, 78 Read, Nathan, Salem. [62 Red Lion Inn, site, 5S Reed, Capt. James, 1 55 Reformatory, Concord, 159 Reid, Robert, painter, 42 Reservoir Park, 1 15 Revere, 2, 141, 142 Revere, Paul. tomb. 2'', 55; North Square house, 57, 58; tablet in Christ Church, 60; site of last home, 64; foundry, 64, 131 ; at Lexington, [55 Revere Peach, 141 : Reservation, 150 Revere Peach Parkway. 151 Revere House, viii Revolutionary soldiers' graves, Newton, 120 Richardson, H. H., architect, S6, 101, 104, M5 Ridge Hill Farm, 121 Rimmer, I >r. William, statue by, 78 Rindge, Frederick H., gifts of, to Cam- bridge, 99 Rising Sun Tavern, 131 Riverbank, 73, 92, 146 Riverside, 116 Riverside Avenue, Medford, 145 Riverside Recreation Ground, 116 Riverw ay, in, 146 Robbins Memorial Library, Arlington, 153 Robbins Memorial Town Hall, Arlington, 153 Robert Pent Hrigham Hospital, 91 f Rockport, [6] Rogers, Randall, statue by, 108 Rogers, William P., 88 Rogers Building, Inst, of Tech., 88, 89 Rogers Building, Washington Street, 5 Rogers Park, 148 Ropes, John C, house, 72 Rowe's Wharf, 139, 171 Roxbury District, 1, 2, 3, 95, 96, 146, 147 Roxbury Latin School, 96 Royal Customhouse, site, 7 Royal Exchange Lane (now Exchange Street 1, 4 Royal Exchange Tavern, site, 7 Royall mansion house, Medford, 145 Ruck house, Salem, 166 Rumford, Count (Benjamin Thompson), 5" Rumney Marsh, 139 Russell, Jason, house of, at Arlington, 153 Russell estate, Milton, 131 St. Andrews Lodge, 55 St. Botolph Church, Poston, Eng.,giftof, to Trinity Church, 86 St. Botolph Club, 78 St. Botolph Street, 89 St. Gaudens, Augustus, sculpture by, 37, 82, 87 St. Gaudens, Louis, sculpture by, 82 St. James Theater, 90 St. John Theological Seminary, its St. Margaret's Hospital, 71 St. Paul's Cathedral, 35 Salem. 1; points of interest, 160, 161; itinerary, 162-166 Salem Street. 56 Sanborn. Frank ]',., house of, at Concord, ,58 INDEX 189 Sandham, Henry, painting by, 155 Sargent, Charles S., estate of, at Brook- line, 112 Sargent, John S., paintings by, 82 Sargent, Rev. John T., house, 72 Saugus, 159 Savage, Maj. Thomas, tomb, 23 Schlesinger estate, Brookline, 113 School of Philosophy, Concord, 156 School Street, 48 Scituate, 167 Scollay Square, vii, 36 Second Church, 58, 92 Second Parish Church, Dorchester, 130 Second Regiment, M. V. M., 82 Second Universalist Church, 94 Senate, the Little, 14 Sergeant, Peter, 52 Sever, Mrs. Anne E. P., gift of, to Har- vard, 101 Sewall, Chief Justice Samuel, diarist, 21 ; tomb, 26; "confession of contrition," 52 ; 56, 61 Shadrach, slave, 19 Shattuck, Samuel, and "The King's Mis- sive," 20 Shaw, estate of, at Wellesley, 121 Shaw, Judge Lemuel, house, 69 Shaw, Col. Robert G., Memorial, 37 Shaw, Maj. Samuel, monument to, 63 Shawmutt, meaning of, 1 Sheafe, Jacob, tomb, 23 Shepard Memorial Church, Cambridge, 5* Shirley, Gov. William, 25 Shopping district, 35 Shrimpton's Lane, 4 Shubert Theater, 34 Shute, Gov. Samuel, 25 Silver Lake, Nonantum, 126 Simmons, Edward, paintings by, 42 Simmons, John, founder Simmons Col- lege, 91 E Simmons College, 91 e, hi Sims, Thomas, slave, 19 Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Concord, 157 Smibert, John, 13 ; portraits by, 38 Smith, Joseph Lindon, painter, 83, gr a Smith, Rev. Samuel F., author of "Amer- ica," 29; birthplace, 61 Smith Court, antislavery landmark in, 69 Social Service Library, 47 Soldiers' Home, Chelsea, 142 Soldiers' Monuments : Boston Common, 32, 65; Charlestown, 65; Natick, 123; Waltham, 127, Watertown, 128; Chel- sea, 143 : Concord, 157 Somerset, hotel, 91 h Somerset Club, 39 Somerset Street, 47 Somerville, 143, 144 Sons of Liberty, 5, 34 South Armory, 89 South Avenue, Weston, 117 South Battery (Rowe's Wharf), 10 South Boston, 2, 95, in, 147 South Congregational Church, 89 South End, 92 South Shore, 167-170 South Station, Boston, vi, vii Sparks, Jared, 107 Spiritual Temple, 89 Spring Hill, Somerville, 144 Spring Street, Lexington, 156 Spy Pond, 153 Stamp Act, excitement over, 5, 14, 34, 58 Standish, Miles, cottage and grave, 168; sword, 169 Standish Monument, Duxbury, 168 Stark, Brig. Gen. John, gifts of, to State, 44, i45 State House, 40-44 ; Annex, 39, 68 State Library, 43 State Street, 4, 5, 7 Stebbins, Emma, statue by, 41 Stevenson, Maj. Gen., bronze relief, 42 Stimson, Frederick J., house of, at Ded- ham, 137 Stoddard house, site, 57 Stone, Rev. A. L., 30 Stone, Mrs. Valeria, gift of, to Wellesley College, 122 Stony Brook, 118 ; Reservation, 97, 149 Storer collection of medical medals, 91 Story, Judge Joseph, statue, 108; home of, at Salem, 164 Story, William W., statues by, 41,66, 108 ; birthplace, 164 Stoughton, Lieut. Gov. William, tomb, 97 Strandway, in, 147 Strong, Gov. Caleb, 13 Strong's Pond, 115, 119 Stuart, Gilbert, portraits by, 13, 46, 166; grave, 34 Stuart, Jane, copy of Washington portrait by, 166 Subway, 31 ; Park Street station, 35; map of route, 36 Subway, Cambridge, 98, 109 "Suffolk Resolves" house, Milton, 130, 137 Sullivan, Gov. James, tomb, 26 Sumner, Charles, first antislavery speech of, 14, 30, 41; home, 69; statues, 77, 105 ; grave, 108 Sumner, Gov. Increase, tomb, 26 Svvinnertori, Dr. John, grave of, at Salem, 163 Symphony Hall, 90 Taft's Hotel, Point Shirley, 139 Takawambait, Daniel, 123 Talleyrand in Boston, r5 Taylor, Rev. Edward T., 59 Tea Party Wharf, 53, 54 Technology Club, 89 Telegraph Hill, South Boston, 95 Ten Hills Farm, Gov. Winthrop's, 145 Thacher, Rear Admiral, tomb, 97 9° [NDEX Thacher, Rev. Peter, of Milton, 132, 134 Thacher, Rev. Peter, oration of, in 1776, 129 ; inscription to, 132 Thacher, Rev. Thomas, tomb, 23 Thatcher's Island, 161 Thayer, John E., 70 Thayer, Nathaniel, 70 ; gift of, to Harvard, 103 Theaters, in Boston, viii, 34 Theodore Parker Church, West Roxbury, 96 Thompson, Benjamin. See Rumford, Count Thoreau, Henry D., grave of , at Concord, 157; house, 158; site of hut of, at Walden, 158 Ticknor, George, house, 44 Ticknor & Fields, 49 Tileston, John, early schoolmaster, 57 Tory Row, Cambridge, 107 Touraine, hotel, 34 Tower and Chime of Bells, memorial, Hingham, 167 Town Dock, 4, 16 Town Halls : Brookline, 114: Wellesley, 120, 121; Lexington, 155. 156 Town Hill, Charlestown, 66 Town House, Boston, first, 8, 10; second, v : meeting place of . first Episcopal church, 24: Milton, 133 ; Salem, 1O2 Train, Enoch, 70 Transcendental Club, 72 Tremont Row, 20 Tremont Street, 20 : mall, 34 Tremont Temple, 25 Tremont Theater, 34 Trimountane, 1 Trinity Church, 86 Trinity Place station, 81 Trowbridge, John T. - , home of, at Arling- ton, 153 Tufts College Medical and Dental School in Boston, 91 ; buildings on College Hill, 144, 145 Turner Street, Salem. 164 Twentieth Century Club, 69 Twentieth Regiment, M. V. M., 82 Twin churches, Milton, 133 Union Boat Club, 73 Union Club, 45 Union Market station, 128 Union Stone, site, 56 Union Street, 55 Union Street. Salem, 161, 103 Unitarian Building, 45 Unitarian Church, Lexington, 155 ; Con- cord, 1 ;'■ United States Arsenal, Watertown. See Arsenal, Watertown United States Naval Hospital. See Naval Hospital United States Navy Yard. See Navy Yard, Charlestown University Boathouse, Cambridge, 107 University Club, 80 Upham's Corner burying ground, Dor- chester, 97 Upsall, Nicholas, Red Lion Inn, 5S ; grave, 62 Ursuline Convent, bricks from, in Cathe- dral, 93 Vane, Sir Harrv, site of house, 20; statue, 82 Vassal, Col. John, 21, 107 ; William, 21; Leonard, 136 Vendome, hotel. So Vergoose, Elizabeth, 29 Victoria, hotel, v i Victoria, Queen, portrait, 161 Vigilance Committee, antislavery, 14 Village Green, Dedham, 138 Village Square, Brookline, 11 1, 113 Vincent Memorial Hospital, in Vinland, the Norse, 117 Vose mansion, Milton, 131, 137 Waban Hill, Newton, 116, 119 Waban Lake, 121 Wadlin, Horace G., 85 Walden Pond, Concord, 158 Walker, Henry Oliver, paintings by, 42 Walker Building, 88 Walnut Street, Brookline, 112 Walpole Street Baseball grounds, 94 Waltham, 3, 126-128 Waltham Street, Lexington, 155 Waltham Watch Company, 127 Ward, J. Q. A., sculpture by, 76 Ward, Joshua, house of, at Salem, 162 Ware and Van Brunt, architects, 99, 104 Warner, Olin L., statues by, 44, 78 Warren, Henry, too Warren, James, house of, at Watertown, 129 Warren, Dr. John, 40 Warren, Dr. John Collins, 91 e; tablet erected by, 96 ; 112 Warren, Gen. Joseph, 13; site of house, is : obsequies, 24 : tombs, 27, 35, 51, 55, 97 ; statues, 67, 96: birthplace, 96, 120 Warren, William, comedian, 21 Warren Anatomical Museum, 91 E Warren Avenue Haptist Church, 94 Warren Bridge, 6g Warren Street, Brookline, 112 Washington, George, portraits, 12, 46, 91 B, 166; statues, 41, 77: busts, 43, 61 : library. 40 ; in Cambridge, 103, ro6, 107; in Chelsea, 142'- at Munroe's Tavern, Lexington, 154; in Salem, 162 Washington, Martha, 91 b, 129 Washington, Mt., Chelsea. 142 Washington Elm, Cambridge, 105 Washington Monument Association, 41 Washington Park, Chelsea, 142 Washington Square, Salem, 104 Washington Street, 5, 16; in Newton, 118; in Salem, 161, 165 INDEX 191 Washington Street Tunnel, vi, 10, 36, 37 Watch house, Plymouth, 170 Watertown, 1, 126, 128, 129 Waverley Oaks Reservation, 149 Way-Ireland house, Chelsea, 142 Wayside, The, Concord, 157 Webster, Daniel, 14, 33 ; statue, 41 ; ora- tions of, at Bunker Hill Monument, 67 ; Marshfield home and tomb, 168 Webster, Prof. John W., 33 b, 74 Weld, William F., gift of, to Harvard, 103 Welles, Samuel, 121 Wellesley, 120-122 Wellesley College, 122 Wellington, Benjamin, minuteman, 153 Wellington Hills, 3 Wendell, Judge Oliver, tomb, 23; site of house, 25 Wentworth Institute, 91 e West Cambridge, later Arlington, 152 West Cedar Street, 72 West Church, 74 West Lynn, 159 West Newton, 118 West Roxbury District, 3, 96-97, 146, i47> I5 1 West Roxbury Parkway, 147, 151 Weston, 117 Weston Bridge, 116, 117 Westwood, 137 Whalley, regicide, 109 Wheelwright, Rev. John, 135 Wheelwright & Haven, architects, 91 G, 104 Whipping post, 4 Whipple, Edwin P., house, 71 Whitefield, scene of open-air sermon by, io 5 Whitney, Mrs. A. D. T., homes, 70, 131 Whitney, Anne, statues by, 16, 79, 105; former home of, 70 Whitney, Henry M., estate of, at Brook- line, 113 Whittemore, Samuel, tablet of, at Arling- ton, 152 Whither, John G., home of, at Danvers, 161 Wilbur Theater, 34 Willard, Josiah, tomb, 26 Willard, Rev. Samuel, tomb, 26 Willard, Solomon, architect, 18, 29, 66, 67 William H. Lincoln Schoolhouse, Brook- line, 112 Williams, Roger, house of, at Salem, 160, 165 Willow Avenue, West Somefville, tablet, 144 Wilson, Henry, homestead, Natick, 123 Wilson, Rev. John, first minister, 5, 6 Winchester, 145 Winslow, Edward, " Careswell," 168 Winslow, John, 23 Winslow, Rear Admiral John A., 13; bronze relief, 42 ; house, 96 ; tomb, 97 Winslow family, tomb, 23 Winter Hill, Somerville, 144 Winthrop, 139-14 1 Winthrop, Deane, 139; house of, 140 Winthrop, Fitz John, 22 Winthrop, Gov. John, first house, 1, 6; second house, 50; statues, 18, 19, 79, 108; tomb, 22, 44, 51, 66, 143 ; his Ten Hills Farm, 145 Winthrop, John, Jr., tomb of, 22 Winthrop, Prof. John, tomb, 22 ; telescope used by, 104 Winthrop, Margaret, 22 Winthrop, Robert C, 113 Winthrop, Wait Still, 22 Winthrop Shore Reservation, 149 Winthrop Square, Charlestown, 65 WiswalPs Pond, Newton, 126 Witch House, Salem, 165 Witchcraft, documents and relics, Salem, 165; jail of 1692, Salem, 164 Wolcott, Gov. Roger, statue, 43 Wood Island Park, 94, 147 Woodbridge, Benjamin, killed in duel, 7; grave, 28, 32 Woodward Tavern, Dedham, 131, 157 Woodworth, Samuel, scene of his "Old Oaken Bucket," 167 Worcester, Joseph E., in Cambridge, 107 Worthy lake, George, 63 Wright Tavern, Concord, 156 Writing School, first Free, 18; first, 60 Yachting, off City Point, 95 Yeaman house, Chelsea, 142 Young Men's Christian Association Build- ing, 91 Young Men's Christian Union, 35 Zoological Garden. See Franklin Park Zoological Garden EDITORS' NOTE In arranging our Special Hardware edition we felt there were some items of interest in Boston and in connection with our Conven- tion which we had not covered as fully as might be desired in our general " guide " section. We have therefore added the fore matter and these few pages of reference and amplification. We also want to take this opportunity to thank all who have assisted in the preparation of this edition, and to the advertisers, whose kind co-operation have made its publication possible. THE NEW TECHNOLOGY Dedication June 14, 1916 THE NEW TECHNOLOGY " The Gateway to Cambridge " is the name applied to the approach to this city by the Harvard Bridge over which passes Massachusetts Avenue. This means of approach gives to the traveler a general view of the new buildings of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the avenue passing between them and Riverbank Court. The dignified buildings of Technology have been the first movement towards the permanent surrounding of the beautiful water park, the Charles River Basin, by structures in keeping with its important public uses. In 1912 the Institute, long established on Boylston Street, Boston (pp. 88, 89) purchased fifty acres of land to the east of Massa- chusetts Avenue bordering the Charles River Parkway. The educational structures occupy that portion nearest the avenue. The land itself, the greater part of it, was reclaimed in the eighties, the flats being filled by hydraulic dredging from the river bottom, the first large use of the system in this vicinity. 41 Entering the greal courl from the Parkway the \is.ii<>r finds himself surrounded by the educational portion of the New Tech- nology. This may be described as a connected group of buildings clustered about the library. The central court, which opens on the river front, deploys into two large, though minor, courts near the Parkway. The visitor to the Institute will find taring him, as he enters the court, the library and administration building, in classic architecture, with a noble pillared portico and surmounted by a dome suggestive of that of the Pantheon. To the left of this and extending toward the river is the long structure devoted to Mechan- ical Engineering, which department occupies also the adjoining structure facing on the west minor court, the two other sides of this court being bounded by the Civil Engineering buildings, one of which looks out on the avenue and the other on the Parkway. To the right and nearest the river are the wings devoted to Ceneral Studies, bounding two sides of the east court, while Chemist ry occupies the building on the third side of this court and that along the great court on its east side. Physics and Electrical Engineering will occupy that portion of the main building between the portico and Chemistry, while Mining and Metallurgy are housed in an extension of buildings to the right along the line of the administra- tion group. The Library, the finest engineering collection in the country, is directly beneath the dome, whose " eye " furnishes abundant light for the great reading room. The administration offices are just within the great portico. These structures, for which the architect has selected the pi- laster treatment, are so well proportioned that their magnitude is likely to be underestimated. For a scale ol comparison it may be said that the Boston Public Library might be placed within the great central court and have room for a wide city street around it, between it and the buildings on either side. The laboratories, which occupy vast spaces within the buildings, are strictly utilitarian and hardly admit of popular description. In the hydraulic laboratory i lure are 800 feet of canals for measuring the flow of liquids and a -nat pump of 22,000-gallons-a -minute capacity. The steam lab- oratory is the best of its class in the country, while the electrical and chemical laboratories are fitted with the newest of modern devices. Back of the educational buildings is space for future growth, while along the farthest line bounding the railroad are placed the power house — 2,000 horse — and various smaller laboratories, notably one for internal combustion engines and another tor aero- dynamics. The east half of the Technology holdings in Cambridge is reserved for student uses. Here there is located the athletic field with a track said to be the best in the country. The chief feature of the student section is to be the Walker Memorial, an all-Technol- ogy student club in honor of President Francis A. Walker, who recognized during his term the need that existed for better ac- quaintance among the students. Since his death, funds have been contributed to a dignified memorial to this distinguished soldier- 42 statistician-educator. The foundations were laid in May, 1915. The Walker Memorial will face the Basin, will contain the great gymnasium, the dining-hall for the students, rooms for the under- graduate activities and foyers for the social intercourse of the stu- dents. Dormitories for the students, a new feature at Technology, are planned, and the first one is under construction, with a capacity of two hundred students. It has the novel feature of placing the fraternity houses in the same group of block with the ordinary dor- mitories. The dormitories will occupy the end of the estate farthest east, or down the river, and here will be the house of the president, a contribution of Messrs. Charles A. Stone and Edwin S. Webster as individuals. Among other structures contemplated by Technology in the near future is the Pratt School of Naval Architecture, which is to continue the frontage along Massachusetts Avenue, behind which will be the hall for large meetings, to take the place of Huntington Hall in the Rogers Building on Boylston Street. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology has a registration of practically two thousand students, and its instructing staff num- bers some three hundred. ;o.-sc THE ^MASSACHUSETTS CHARITABLE MECHANIC ASSO- CIATION, MECHANICS BUILDING, BOSTON 1795-1808 The preliminary step which resulted in the formation of the " Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association " was announced in the Columbian Centinel for December 31, 1794, as follows: " The Tradesmen, Mechanics and Manufacturers of this town and vicinity, who keep apprentices, are desired to meet at the Green Dragon, on Tuesday evening next, at 6 o'clock, for the purpose of consulting on measures for petitioning the General Court to revise and amend the law respecting apprentices." There was no signature to this advertisement. There is a tradition that Paul Revere — one of the most in- fluential mechanics of the town, and one whom the others were accustomed to consult on matters that were deemed of general 43 interest to them as a body — was surprised on seeing the notice, and thought it an act of presumption in the anonymous writer to publish it without his knowledge. Meetings were held at the Green Dragon, and, on the 17th of January following, Paul Revere, as chairman, issued a notice in the Centinel calling for a meeting of the mechanics to hear a report of a committee that had been appointed at one of these meeting--; and on March 11 the newspapers contained the following: MEETING OF MECHANICS ' The mechanics of the town of Boston are requested to meet at Concert Hall, this evening, precisely at 7 o'clock, for the purpose of taking into consideration and deciding on the report of their committee appointed on the 19th of January, for the purpose of drafting regulations for the pro- posed Association of the Mechanics of this town. " As the subject is of prime importance, and as the sentiments of everyone on the subject are desired, it is re- quested that a general and punctual attendance will be given. Those who have received the printed copies of the report are requested to bring them with them at the meeting. " Paul Revere, per order." No record exists of this meeting called by Revere on March 11. But, on the 24th of March, Mr. Revere gave notice that " the Constitution of the Associated Mechanics of the Town of Boston will be ready for signing on Saturday next, at Mr. Ebenezer Parkin's Bookstore in Cornhill," and his is the first of the eighty- three names of the original members: " Paul Revere, Goldsmith." Each one signed his name and his trade. His son, Paul, Jr., was also one of the original members. At a meeting held at Concert Hall, April 16, these members proceeded to choose their officers; and Paul Revere was unanimously elected President, to which office he was annually chosen until 1799, when he declined longer to hold the position. The organiza- tion of the Association from 1795 to 1799 was as follows: Paul Revere, President; Edward Tuckerman, Vice-President; Samuel Gore, Treasurer; John W. Folsom, Secretary; and Richard Faxon, Edmund Hartt, Benjamin Russell, Thomas Clement, Benjamin Callender, Stephen Gore and Giles Richards, Trustees. The organization from 1799 to 1807 was as follows: Jonathan llunnewell, President; Benjamin Russell, Vice-President; Francis Wright, Treasurer; Thomas Wells, Secretary; and Samuel Todd, Charles Clement, David Cobb, James Barry, John D. Howard, John Cotton, Ephraim Thayer, Peter Osgood and Jonathan Kil- ham, Trustees. It is worthy of note that, of the old board of officers under Paul Revere, but one was elected to this new board. Benjamin Russell was promoted from Trustee to Vice-President. It was during this administration that, after ten years of endeavor, the Society suc- ceeded in obtaining an act of incorporation as the " Massachusetts 44 Charitable Association," and at its first meeting after incorporation, May 2, 1806, to organize under the act, Paul Revere was chosen moderator of the meeting. A thorough organization was per- fected, and from these small and almost insignificant beginnings, it has become in its maturity, powerful and important, and today exercises a salutary influence on the civic, local and industrial con- ditions of the citv of Boston. THE MASTER BUILDERS' ASSOCIATION The Master Builders' Association of Boston, with headquarters and exchange rooms at 166 Devonshire St., is the most influential organization representing the building industries in New England. Its membership is carefully guarded, so that only those con- cerns which have established a good reputation are admitted. It furnishes to Owners and Architects reasonable assurance that work entrusted to its members will be honestly and skillfully performed. It furnishes to its members that recognition of their standing in the building fraternity which counts very materially in making them acceptable to Owners and Architects as contractors in their various lines. It acts as an agency to define proper practice in all the vary- ing relations of contractors to each other, to sub-contractors and to dealers in building material. Acting in conjunction with the Boston Society of Archi- tects, questions relating to conditions under which estimating is conducted, to division of contracts, to subcontracts, to requirements of specifications, to standardization of measurements, to quantity surveying, to forms of contracts, to surety bonds, casualty insurance and all the relations between Architects, Owners and Contractors, are considered and equitable practice defined. IT PERFORMS A MOST VALUABLE SERVICE TO ITS MEMBERS IN DEFENDING THEM BY LEGAL MEASURES AND OTHERWISE AGAINST ANY ENCROACHMENT UPON THEIR RIGHTS, BY WHOMSOEVER ATTEMPTED It builds up from year to year a body of knowledge and ex- perience in all matters relating to building work, which is at the command of its members at all times for their defense and ad- vancement. It provides headquarters and exchange rooms equipped with all modern conveniences for the transaction of business, forming a necessary and convenient rendezvous for personal meetings, con- ferences and general utility invaluable to all whether their business be entirely local or scattered in various parts of New England. For many it is all the office they require, and for all it is the most economic of opportunities for the establishment of those personal relations which cannot be effected by telephone, but upon which so much depends for safety and satisfaction in the conduct of business. 45 I . S. CUSTOM HOUSE STATE AND INDIA STREETS Copyright by Dadmcn The new Custom House (p. LI), com pleted and occupied in January, 1915, is the tallest building in New England. It consists of a tower about 60 ft. x 70 ft. on top of the original Custom House, which is of Doric architecture. The apex of the tower is about 495 feet, and the balcony, on the 25th floor, is about 400 feet above the sidewalk. This balcony is on all four sides of the building, and from it can be obtained a splendid view of the city, harbor and surrounding country. The clock, situated on the 23rd lloor, has four dials, each 21 ft. in. in diameter. It is operated by electric motors and illuminated at night . The building i^ constructed of steel and granite. The floors are a composition ot cement and magnesia, and the inside finish is steel mahogany. There are thirty lloor-, twenty-five of which are- occupied by Government offi- cials, the upper fixe being used for storage purposes. A beautiful feature is the marble dome of the original building, seen from the main floor. The building cost $1,800,000, and is open for business from '.» A.M. to 4.'M) P.M. If, THE BOSTON CITY CLUB The Boston City Club was founded in 1906. The stated pur- pose of the club is to bring together in a social way, men interested in the welfare of the City of Boston, to provide a club house where men may meet informally every day and to arrange frequent meet- ings at which prominent speakers may be heard and questions, of civic interest discussed. The requisite for membership is good character, and the club is non-political, non-racial and non-sectarian. Men in all trades, professions and walks of life are members. The membership is limited, 6,300 resident and 500 non-resident, which limit has been reached, and at present there is a waiting list of several hundred applicants. The club has become the central meeting place in the city, a forum where questions of civic purport relating to city, state and nation are discussed. The club arranges every Thursday night from October to May some function of interest to members, and the club does not commit itself to any project, but provides the arguments pro and con. The club occupies its own quarters, representing an investment of practically a million dollars, financed within the membership, this building consisting of 12 stories above the ground, situated at the corner of Ashburton Place and Somerset Street, where every facility necessary to club life is maintained. 47 To Hardware Dealers of America: Make Your Plans for 1 920 Now! 'Follow the Others' TO The Pilgrim Tercentenary Celebration All the world is invited; but it will not be a "World's Fair" A celebration of the Landing of the Plym- outh Pilgrims unparalleled in the history of celebrations in America Of historical, educational, industrial, com- mercial and patriotic nature All Roads will Lead to the Hub in 1920 {When in Boston Read the Boston Globe) 48 PLATE I. jU uu uu uu uu BERKELEY PLATE II. PLATE III. gj,t*n Revcrr BracJi & Lvnrt R ft Ferry Circles I Mile Radius 5cdle-/200 ft. m ah inch . EXPLANATION. Steam Railroads Electric ' ' r—— » ^ Carriage ffoads Boston Prco'r S"fi ; r ■/?, H ft-j/,, fr d i, , ffc. PLATE IV. PLATE V. PLATE V PLATE VII. '{^~^~ Nantasket SCALE OF MILLS, EKPLANATfOH Steam Railroads Electric " j_ Carriage Roads ■ SOWHStiOKCopyrifihtlM) 'by^gaVWtlAerlCc PLATE VIII. NEW ENGKLlAJSTD STATES I O I 6 (One hundred years of service) 1916 Booth 112 KMttR Frye, Phipps Company HARDWARE and CUTLERY 21 to 27 PEARL STREET BOSTON New England Selling Agents for The Simmons Hardware Co. KBM KVMK Keen Kutter ^.C.SlMMo^ ^r Tools and Cutlery _ 49 ALL GRADES of WIRE CLOTH MADE of ALL KINDS of WIRE The New Jersey Wire Cloth Company 93-95 PEARL ST., BOSTON, MASS. MANUFACTURERS WIRE CLOTH WIRE NETTING WIRE FENCING WIRE SCREENING WIRE WORK Largest and Most Comprehensive Stock in Boston WORKS: ROEBLING, NEW JERSEY PHILADELPHIA, PA. Offices and Stores : 210 FULTON STREET 627 MARKET STREET NEW YORK PHILADELPHIA, PA. ,'){) TRIMO TOOLS OFFICIAL A WAR D RIBBON PANAMA PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION SAN FRANCISCO 1915 ALL STEEL MONKEY WRENCH NUT WITH NUT GUARDS|| PREStDENTOFTHE SUPERIOR JURY DIRECTOR OF EXHIBITS SECTY Of THE INTERNATIONAL AWARD SYSTEM MEDAL HONOR DEPARTMENT OF MANUFACTURES AND VARIED INDUSTRIES WITH FLAT-LINK OR CABLE CHAIN TRIMO CHAIN WRENCH TRIMO PIPE CUTTER DE sure to ask for the Trimo Wrenches, both Pipe and Monkey. They are equipped with Nut Guards that prevent the accidental turning of the adjusting nut in close quarters, and in the principal size with Steel Frames that will not break. Trimont ManTg Co., RC E RY 51 Wonder-Mist World's Standard Polish Cleans and Polishes all finished surfaces. Removes mud, dust, dirt, grease and road-oil from your automobile without the use of water and at less cost. Wonder-Mist is the original spray polish. Saves time, labor and expense. Spray on — wipe off — that's all. For Household Furniture Pianos Linoleum Leather For Automobiles Tops Upholstery Windshields To DEALERS and JOBBERS.— Get quick profits by selling Wonder- Mist. Inquire at our Boston office, 1 4 Federal St., for our proposition to dealers and our sales help campaign. Wonder-Mist Company BOSTON NEW YORK CHICAGO B1GELOW & DOWSE CO. * „ New England Distributors 52 Hardware, Cutlery, Automobile Tires and Accessories distributors of : Congress Tires Viking Spark Plugs Ru-Ber-Oid Roofing New York Pocket Knives Royal and Cyclone Fencing New York Wire Cloth F. & N. Lawn Mowers BIGELOW & DOWSE CO. 229 FRANKLIN ST., BOSTON, MASS. 53 A PAINT for EVERY PURPOSE MAKERS OF Good Paints for over Seventy Years John Bnggs & Company INCORPORATED PAINT AND PUTTY MAKERS 43-47 Purchase Street - - Boston, Mass. THE MINNESOTA "Hardware Mutual" THE PIONEER Seventeen Successful Years Losses paid $919,165.01 Dividends paid 1,226,966.04 Total Admitted Assets 61 0,000.00 Total Liabilities 1 46,400.00 NET SURPLUS 463,600.00 FOR NINE CONSECUTIVE YEARS, HALF THE PRE- MIUMS HAVE BEEN RETURNED TO "ASSURED" See that your policies are ' 'Made in Minnesota For "Association" Hardware Merchants Only CHAS. F. LADNER, M. S. MATHEWS, President Secretary Metropolitan Life Building, Minneapolis, Minn. 54 (YALE) The Yale Triplex Block is the utmost of quality and safety. Years of knowledge and experience have dictated the material and methods used in this and in all Yale hoisting equipment. This product is backed by a broad gauge policy of dealer distribution based on service to the user. For sale by Mill Supply houses. New catalog now ready. Put your hoisting problems up to us. The Yale&Towne Manufacturing Co. 9 East Fortieth Street, New York, N. Y. Trade O. K. Mark CUTTERS 1 0-Inch 1 4-Inch Clipper Cut Jaws for 3- 16-in. annealed bolts in the thread or 3-1 6-in. soft rivets. Center Cut Jaws for 3- 16-in. soft rods. Clipper Cut Jaws for 1 -4-in. annealed bolts in the thread, or 1 -4-in. soft rivets. Center Cut Jaws for 1 -4-in. soft rods As efficient proportionately as the larger sizes Insulated Handles if Desired H. K. PORTER, ™ TT "Easy," "New Easy" and Allen Randall Bolt Clippers 00 5TAND5 THE TEST DF TIME NEW ENGLAND'S BE5T PAINT 100' t Pure Made of White Lead White Zinc and Pure Linseed Oil BUNKER HILL VARNISHES Superior Decorative and Preservative Finishes Write for Color Card and Agency Proposition New England Oil, Paint & Varnish Co. BOSTON, MASS., U. S. A. Wilson Bohannan Incorporated Manufacturers of Bronze Metal Spring Pad- locks, Combination Drawer and Chest Locks, Key Drawer and Chest Locks, Mortise and Rim Store Door Locks, Mortise and Rim Night Latches, Key Blanks, Etc. 758-768 LEXINGTON AVENUE BROOKLYN, N. Y. Daniel Frank & V^o. IMPORTERS and DEALERS in Fine Cigars, Tobaccos and Cigarettes 81 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. 56 Every New England Hardware Dealer Wants to give his customers goods of the highest quality consistent with a fair price. When you sell your customers rope, sell them the rope that gives satisfaction, — the rope that gives them a dollar's worth of service for every dollar of cost, — sell them reliable OLUMBIAN Manila Rope Columbian Manila and Columbian Sisal Rope are both made from the finest grades of tough, strong fibre. They will give your cus- tomers sturdy and satisfactory service. DISTRIBUTORS Chandler & Farquhar Company "The New England Tool and Supply Depot" BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS When in a HURRY for Sheathing Paper Tarred Felt Rubber Roofing Asphalt Shingles SEND YOUR ORDER TO CHAPMAN & SODEN 1 50 Oliver St., Boston, Mass. GOODS SHIPPED THE DA Y ORDER IS RECEIVED Beaver Brand Materials Galvanized and Black Sheet Sheet Copper Zinc Tinplates Roofing Plates Galvanized Conductors Gutters, etc. AVERY and SAUL 207 Congress Street Boston, Mass. Telephone, Fort Hill 3791 57 Worcester Machine Screw Co WORCESTER, MASS. Screw Machine Products CAP SCREWS SET SCREWS MACHINE SCREWS SPECIAL PARTS MADE AS WELL AS UP-TO-DATE EQUIPMENT AND OVER 50 YEARS' EXPERIENCE CAN PRODUCE f,x Chandler & Farquhar Co. "THE NEW ENGLAND TOOL AND SUPPLY DEPOT" Members of New England Hardware Dealers' Association Members of National Machinery and Supply Dealers' Association 32-38 Federal Street 419-425 Atlantic Ave. BOSTON, MASS. MACHINE TOOLS MACHINISTS' SUPPLIES GENERAL HARDWARE Our lines are quite different from those regularly carried in "hardware stores." We specialize in the machine tools and supplies for machine shops, large manufacturing plants, garages, etc. We sell lathes, planers, shapers, drills, grinders, etc., at our Machine Tool Store at 419-425 Atlantic Ave. We sell small tools, chucks, drills, mills, taps, dies, reamers, brass, copper, German silver, aluminum, grind- ing wheels, engineering specialties, etc., at our Supply Store at 32-38 Federal Street. 59 Mr. Dealer:— Do you wish to increase your varnish profits? Do you wish to have more and better satisfied customers? If so visit — SPACE 41 Norfolk Varnish Company (THE PROFITABLE LINE) NORFOLK DOWNS, MASS. See them at Booth No. 101, Hardware Show Two Fast-Selling Specialties Sold by the Hardware Trade CAMPBELL'S VARNISH STAIN FOR Floors — Furniture — Interior Surfaces All Colors — % Pints to Gallons COW- EASE KEEPS FLIES OFF CATTLE AND HORSES Applied with the Cow-Ease Sprayer Put up in Gallons, ■• Gallons and Quarts MANUFACTURED BY Carpenter -Morton Company PAINTS, VARNISHES and PAINT SPECIALTIES " Established 1840 77-79 Sudbury Street, Boston, Mass. 60 Hardware Age (THE RETAILERS" NATIONAL WEEKLY) FIRST IN SUBSCRIPTIONS FIRST IN ADVERTISING FIRST IN THE HEARTS OF ALL HARDWARE MEN THE investment of $2.00 in a subscription to Hardware Age will bring to your store for the next 52 weeks the brightest, newsiest, and most instructive trade journal published anywhere in the world. It will post you on market movements, price changes, selling campaigns, store kinks, show-card writing, studies and examples of store advertising, window displays and the thousand and one other merchandising suggestions of compel- ling interest to every hardware merchant. Begin your subscription with the Retailers' Convention Number June 22nd. This issue will contain a full report of the Boston Conventions. Hardware Age will increase the efficiency of your force, add to your volume of sales and diminish the red ink entries on your ledger. TRY IT FOR A YEAR HARDWARE AGE 239 West 39th Street, New York City 61 Gillette Bulldog Set - $5.00 // pays to feature quality FOR years Gillette Safety Razors have backed up every claim made as to quality, and now the superior cleanliness, quickness and comfort of the Gillette shave is never disputed. The Gillette is " Made in New England " and sells honorably on its own original, intrinsic merits. The Gillette helps build up the dealer's reputation for high grade, honest goods that give real and lasting satisfaction. It pays to pap for quality Gillette Safety Razor Company Boston, U. S. A. 62 P)ISCOUNTS on the J-M Fire *-^ Extinguisher are generous, rig- idly upheld and uniform — quantity is not a price factor. Instantly extinguishes any kind of incipient blaze and is especially effective against fires arising from oil, gasoline, grease and electric arcs, on which other chemicals and water are often ineffective and dangerous. Inspected, tested and labelled by the Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc., and listed as an approved fire appliance by the National Board of Fire Underwriters. Listed to sell at $8.00 [Bracket Included] SAVE 159? ON AUTO- MOBILE FIRE INSURANCE Write for Literature H. W. Johns-Manville Co, Boston Chicago Cleveland New York Philadelphia Pittsburgh Toronto St. Louis San Francisco Seattle 63 Dana Hardware Company 22 to 32 PEARL STREET, BOSTON, MASS. Hardware and Sporti ng Goods AGENTS FOR PRODUCTS OF Plymouth Cordage Co. Bird & Son J. Stevens Arms & Tool Co. Mast, Foos & Co. Washington Cutlery Co. John C. Paige & Co. INSURANCE 65 KILBY STREET, BOSTON WALTER B. HENDERSON THOMAS H. RATIGAN ERNEST B. FLETCHER LEWIS A. WALLON EVERETT C. BENTON HERBERT A. KNEELAND ARTHUR A. LAWSON CHARLES E. BENTON New York Office, 1 1 1 Broadway G4 Garage Door Hardware THE KIND THAT SATISFIES Coburn Trolley Truck Manufacturing Co. HOLYOKE, MASS. YOU WILL BE WELCOME AT OUR SPACE SEE DEMONSTRATION OF AUTOMOBILE THAT RUNS WITHOUT GASOLINE 65 Boston Stock Gears -rrrr-,. Immediate Delivery in Ordinary 5gr Quantity ,m~--£ OUR GEARS ARE CARRIED IN STOCK BY CHANDLER & FARQUHAR CO. 36 Federal Street, Boston, Mass. CUTTER & WOOD SUPPLY CO. 70 Pearl Street, Boston, Mass. Catalog sent on request Boston Gear Works, NORFOLK DOWNS' QUINCY, MASS. Regarded by Ford Owners as the Standard Speedometer Equipment, the FORD SPECIAL Corbin-Brown Speedometer "The Speedometer of Absolute Accuracy" The demand for this instrument is now greater than ever before and from the outset it has been a steady seller. Every Ford owner is a prospective purchaser, and you know what that means — quick sales, quick profits and lots of them. Other speedometers have been tried on the Ford, but it remained for the Corbin - Brown special model to return absolute, 100' , satisfaction. Write for particulars today. Get in touch with your jobber al once. Catalog, price lists and discounts upon request. 66 "^%l^^ v IIARDWARE MEN attending the Convention are cordially in- vited to visit us at our factory. Athol is 82 miles from Boston on the Fitchburg Division of the B. & M. The L. S. Starrett Co. ATHOL, MASS. 67 THE First National Bank of Boston 70 FEDERAL STREET We seek through courtesy to maintain the business our reputation for integrity secures Capital $5,000,000 Surplus $ 1 7,350,000 Deposits $ 1 1 0,000,000 //////////////////////////////>///////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////////A | Headquarters for Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Indiana and Carolinas Delegations C. H. GREENLEAF & CO. Proprietors C.H.Greenleaf E.W. Knight E.B.Rich f ///////^r •// w w//j^i/'///ii^ ^///^'/////////////////.\ VENDOME Commonwealth Ave L> Dartmouth Street. r,s £--, ^^ THE >imonds Mfg. Company is one of the landmarks of quality in New England Tool history. This firm, known as " The Saw Makers " is now world famous be- cause of the excellence of its product. Home office, Fitchburg, Mass. branch offices and factories throughout the United States and Canada. Established 1832 69 Compliments of C F. HOVEY COMPANY PR Y GOODS Summer, Chauncy and Avon Streets BOSTON, MASS. JVER ST. nln| eOSTOK. MA6S. MANUFACTURERS OF Efficient Supplies for Hardware Dealers Loose-Leaf Goods Manifold Books Binders Filing Material The George A. Goodridge Co. 32 OLIVER STREET, BOSTON 70 Two New Styles GENUINE Dover Egg Beaters Beat Quickest Clean Easiest Stands Alone in a Bowl Double Number of Floats Beats Twice as Fast DOVER Automobile Specialties ARE THE LEADERS IN THEIR LINE DOVER DOVER DOVER Standard Auto Funnel Electric Light Duplex Oil Measure Bulb Case Send for 1916 Catalogue DOVER STAMPING & MFG. CO, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. 71 ft 1USSWIK" Line A GOOD ONE TO HOLD TO Complete in Builders' Hardware, including specialties not found elsewhere. Good Management — Good Goods — Good Treatment. We are Boston representatives. New England Agents National Steel Joist and Wall Hangers. Chandler & Barber Co, 124 Summer Street, Boston, Mass. Established 1867 NEW ENGLAND CHAIN WORKS Clinton E. Hobbs Co. Successors to THOS. WYATT MANUFACTURING CO. and PROVIDENCE CHAIN WORKS A 11 Kinds of Chain, Chain Hoists, Link Belting and Roller Chain Sales Office: 12 PEARL STREET, BOSTON, MASS. Sales Agents : J B. CARR CO. WOODHOUSE CHAIN WORKS and DIAMOND CHAIN & MANUFACTURING CO. 72 BOSTON WATER PURIFIER This illustration is specially designed for family use. The filtering material is unglazed porous porcelain, which arrests all suspended matter as the water percolates through it by gravity to the glass globe. We also manufacture a combined filter and cooler for office use, etc. Entirely automatic. Also filters for Hotels, Res- taurants, Bar. AGENTS WANTED IN EVERY CITY Send for CATALOG BOSTON FILTER CO. CHELSEA STATION BOSTON, MASS., U. S. A. BROWN & SHARPE MACHINISTS' TOOLS have played an important part in the building up of these great works, and in doing so have established a reputation for themselves throughout the world. These are the tools good workmen have insisted on having for more than sixty years. 1000 VARIETIES— ONE QUALITY Brown & Sharpe Mfg. Co., Providence, R. I., U. S. A. 73 ESTABLISHED 1810 Jones, McDuffee & Stratton Co. Importers, Wholesalers and Retailers of Crockery, China and Glassware In Original Packages, or Repacked to Suit the Buyer The largest stock and most varied on this Continent from the Common to the Highest Qrade, comprising the best products of foreign and American Wares English, French, German, Austrian, Chinese and Japanese China French, English, Bohemian and American Table Glassware Over 150 Stock Patterns of Dinner Ware'; In ■which sets can be had in items desired and matched for years to come Hotels, Clubs, Steamships, Yachts, Institutions and Family Outfits, Dinner Sets, Banquet Services, Toilet Ware, Plant Pots, Cuspidors, Bric-a-Brac, Umbrella and Cane Holders, Vases, Electroliers, Lamp Goods, Lanterns, Etc. Wedding and Complimentary Gifts China Decorated to Order in Colors and in Gold with Names, Monograms, Initials and Crests for Families, Hotels, Yachts, Gifts, etc., at short notice. Also Glassware Engraved to Order. Estimates Given. WARE IN BOND FOR EXPORT Jones, McDuffee & Stratton Co. WHOLESALE and RETAIL (TEN FLOORS) 33 FRANKLIN STREET BOSTON, MASS. Near Washington and Summer Streets 71 They are to be seen to be appreciated THE MOUNTAIN AND LAKE REGION SEASHORE AND INLAND COUNTRY Just the place to spend your Vacation Comfortably Reached By Boston f Maine .« Railroad Scenery All the Way SEND FOR BOOK— MAILED FREE State Territory You Prefer ADDRESS PASSENGER TRAFFIC DEPARTMENT Room 15 BOSTON, MASS. North Station BEST TRAINS NEW YORK ARE VIA THE LEAVE BOSTON 9.15 A.M. Except Sun. 12.00 NOON Daily BOSTON AND ALBANY RAILROAD LEAVE BOSTON 4.00 P.M. Daily 11.40 P.M. Daily Steel equipment. Dining Cars. Information concerning tickets will be gladly furnished upon request at Trinity Place Station, 'Phone Oxford 1027, or to C. E. Colony, City Passenger and Ticket Agent, 298 Washington Street, Boston, Phone Fort Hill 2140 BOSTON & ALBANY RAILROAD (N. Y. C. R. R. CO., LESSEE) 75 PUT YOUR STORE IN LINE FOR THE TRADE DU PONT Creates by Extensive and Effective Advertising Activities Make your store the headquarters for DU PONT EXPLOSIVES and SPORTING POWDERS Our farm-paper advertising is creating a big demand for RED CROSS FARM POWDERS, — the safest agricultural powders for blasting work about the farm. Every acre is a trade-maker, — increase your sales to farmers by selling the explosives required for farm improvement. TRAPSHOOTING CAMPAIGN Thousands of enthusiastic trapshooters are customers of the dealers selling loaded shells, targets and other sporting goods. Interest in trapshooting is sustained by our presentation of trophies to individuals and clubs, conduct- ing Beginners' Shoots and a Trapshooting School at Atlantic City, and the frequent attendance of our "expert shooter-salesmen" at clubs. Stock DU PONT SPORTING POWDERS in loaded shells and in bulk, — the best-known and easiest to sell. THE DU PONT HAND TRAP is a device for throwing clay targets. It is used by experts, novices, gun clubs, yacht parties, outing clubs, at the camp, — any- where it is possible to conduct trapshooting. The Hand Trap is widely advertised, and when displayed with sporting goods attracts immediate attention and is a quick seller. Packs into suitcase, — weighs about 7 pounds — easily handled, and retails for $4.00. For Booklets, Hangers, Advertising Helps and Further Information, Write to Advertising Division E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. WILMINGTON, DELAWARE 76 WITH THE BEST WISHES of Twist Drill Co. NEW YORK CLEVELAND CHICAGO Why pay list when you can get Fire Insurance at 50% off and Plate Glass Insurance at 25% off of the Wisconsin Hardware Mutuals at STEVENS POINT, WISCONSIN 77 Marsters' Tours "Seeing America" Under escort : Yellowstone Park, Grand Canyon, tours including all of California and the Canadian Rockies. Summer Tours under escort and independent: Bermuda, Atlantic City, Old Point Comfort, Niagara Falls, White Mountains. Sendfor-TRAVEL", a magazine replete with Vacation trips and tours GEO. E. MARSTERS, Inc. 248 Washington Street, Boston, Mass. 78 A Prosperous Field Well Covered Here's food for thought for New England Hardware Manufacturers seeking better distribution through the retail hardware trade in the Middle and Central Western States. Following is the exact paid circulation of the NATIONAL HARD- WARE BULLETIN — the official publication of the National Retail Hardware Association, in 13 wealth-producing states: Illinois - ... 1193 Missouri - - - - 569 Indiana - - - - 1016 Nebraska - - - - 579 Iowa 952 North Dakota - - 413 Kentucky - - - 337 Ohio 936 Michigan - - - 1199 Oklahoma - - - 356 Minnesota - - - 1310 South Dakota - - 257 Wisconsin - - - - 1219 This circulation is guaranteed, and is respectively 2,612 and 4,467 greater than the circulation of the two other hardware papers which come nearest equal- ing the BULLETIN'S distribution in these states. Total circulation per issue 16,500. The July number will print the official report of the Boston Convention. Forms close July 1st. NATIONAL HARDWARE BULLETIN ARGOS, INDIANA For Nearly Forty Years Burdett College has specialized in training and placing students in Business. Many of Boston's most successful business men are its graduates. S end for Catalog 18 BOYLSTON STREET, BOSTON 79 The United Drug Company o l T T in the Fenway district of Boston, neighboring the Museum of Fine Arts. Harvard Medical School. New England Conservatory of Music, the Gardner Venetian Palace, and Symphony and Horticultural Halls, stands the great building of the United Drug Company, the second largest mercantile corporation in the state of Massachusetts. The growth of the Company, from small beginnings only thirteen years ago, is one of the marvels in the commercial history of New England. The Company was organized in 1903. to carry out the ideas of Mr. Louis K. Liggett with reference to co-operative retail drug-store merchandising. Mr. Liggett — then only a young man in his twenties — came out ot the West, located in Boston, and by business ability, energy and indomitable will proceeded to build an industrial institution that today claims the attention of all who are in- terested in mercantile affairs, as a splendid illustration of the possibilities of CO- OPERATION applied to big business. The United Drug Company's plant in the Roxbury district comprises torn acres of floor area devoted to the manufacture of Chemicals, Perfumes, Toilet Articles. Household Remedies, etc. It operates an immense Candy Factory in the North-end of Boston, not far from the historic home of Paul Revere, and has a Fruit Syrup Plant at Lewis Wharf. Through its subsidiary company, the Louis K. Liggett Company, the United Drug Company operates 154 large drug stores in the metropolitan cen- tres of the East, its retail properties including the J aynes-Riker-Hegeman Stores recently acquired. Among the main- ownerships of the United Drug Company are the following: A Candy Factory in Baltimore; Distributing Warehouses in Chicago. St. Louis, San Francisco, and Liverpool (England); a Manufacturing Plant in To- ronto (Canada); a Spring Water Companj ; a large Cigar and Tobacco Distrib- uting business. The Company's President - Founder. Mr. Louis K. Liggett, has just re- tired from the presidency of the Boston Chamber of Commerce. He is a splendid type ot the affable, democratic, young business man of today. Both Mr. Liggett and all the members of the I'nited Drug Company staff are greatly interested in the Retail Hardware Dealers' Convention, owing to the fact that the 14th Annual I'nited Drug Company Convention will be held in Boston, August 21'. 23, 24, 25; and Mr. Liggett hopes, as he expresses it, " To get a few live ' Tips' from tin- men that know how to do things." SO Tungsten Steel Hack Saws Registered U. S. Patent Office SATISFACTION GUARANTEED No matter what brands your stock may now include, or what brands you may have sold, you have not known best Hack Saw satisfaction without "Tiger." Made by men who know. New England quality. Bay State Saw and Tool Mfg. Co. 30 WHITTIER STREET, BOSTON, MASS. PLYMOUTH 1 620 — 1 9 1 6 The Favorite Sail of Historic Interest The magnificent and spacious Iron Steamer SOUTH SHORE On the Boat : — Fine Dining Saloon, Staterooms, Music, The Victoria Reid Ladies' Orchestra. Jit "Plymouth : Plymouth Rock, Pilgrim Hall, Burial Hill, Forefathers' Monument. This Sail down Boston Harbor will give you a panoramic view of the Entire South Shore Coast Line Daily at 10 A. M. Round Trip $1.00 Chicken and Lobster Dinner - 1 . 00 Steamers leave from RQWE'S WHARF Boston, Mass. 81 PRINTING Catalogues, Booklets, Magazines, Newspapers our specialty. We print the N. E. Hardware News and other well-known publications. E. L. GRIME S COMPANY 122 PEARL STREET :: :: BOSTON, MASS. Fort Hill, 5972 and 5973 S2 New England Grown Seed For New England Grown by THOMAS W. EMERSON CO. Dealers in Grass, Field and Garden Seeds LAWN SEED A SPECIALTY 2 1 3 and 2 1 5 State Street, Boston, Mass. SAMSON CORDAGE W0RK5 MANUFACTURERS OF J^jfc 5A5H [QR^ CLOTHES BRAIDED CORDAGE JH&t LINES. SMALL LINE5 AND COTTON TWINES «gf ULsiw/wmmw BOSrOJV 4$£$% MASS, Manufacturing Specialists of High-Grade Educational and Industrial Motion Pictures Makers of the N. E. H. D. A. Invitation Films GENERAL COMMERCIAL PHOTOGRAPHERS DADMUN COMPANY STUDIOS and GENERAL OFFICES 1 Washington Street, Boston, Mass. 83 A Quarter of The principle of mutuality restnctively applie Amount on One Risk, A Membership Privilek and an unequalled financial strength. These fiscal institutions mark the constructs ware Men. The largest Stock Fire Insurance Co. in tr: $2,755,000,000 at risk; has $38,000,000 tot; for each one million at risk. The National and The Pennsylvania Han 14 years old respectively, have $10,800,000 j therefore have over $23,000 for each One Millie The National and The Pennsylvania pc insurance cost showing by comparison that polu companies 66 §% more money for a pronounced If you question these statements or count th dividends, please write the Secretary. M Million Assets to Fire Insurance — A Class Risk, A Limited Only, has produced a tremendous Annual Dividend ability and determined spirit of the organized Hard- United States, which is 63 years old, has assets, and therefore has approximately $ 1 4,000 ware Mutual Fire Insurance Cos., which are 13 and risk; have a Quarter of a Million Assets, and at Ris^ dividends (have for years), which produce a net holders in stock companies are paying said stock inferior policy. reasoning specious, or desire to share in these C. H. MILLER, Pres. and Treas. W. P. LEWIS, Secy. Huntingdon, Pa. 85 The Standard Tool Co. TWIST DRILLS CARBON and HIGH SPEED STEEL REAMERS, MILLING CUTTERS, TAPS AND SPECIAL TOOLS Why not sell tools guaranteed to be of the HIGHEST QUALITY NEW YORK CLEVELAND CHICAGO l&rfai PAINTS AND OILS m_ _27 FllOt &t. fife**/ PncrnA/ DISTRIBUTORS Theatrical Stage Hardware Chi-Namel 86 MURESCO ^£J2B^ MOORAMEL THE IDEAL WALL /3%P™F^ek TH ^ PERFECT WHITE MAsM enamel IMPERVO tOgf SANI-FLAT VARNISHES ARE THE ^S|1«§P PRODUCES A BEAUTIFUL BEST MADE X