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 ^^ GREATER GALVESTON. 
 
 Since publishing "Galveston in a Nut Shell," and its cordial recep- 
 tion by the public, and while still beholding our beautiful city rising 
 Phoenix- like from one of the most terrible and destructive calamities 
 upon the records of time. While viewing the efforts and energy that 
 is being renewed day by day to make our fair city secure against 
 wind and wave, we feel moved to add another mite to the unparalleled 
 efforts that are going on with unabated energy and zeal. So we 
 send out another little booklet to express increased confidence in the 
 upbuilding of a greater and more prosperous Galveston. 
 
 The difficult work that has already been accomplished in rebuilding 
 devastated homes and restoring shattered business, has been the 
 marvel and the admiration of the entire world. 
 
 With the appropriation of $591,000 which the past Congress of the 
 United States made to extend the seawallfrom 39th to Fort Crockett 
 reservation, this will make the city of Galveston doubly secure. 
 
 The men whose names are attached to the leading articles in this 
 booklet were the energizing spirit in every enterprize to make Gal- 
 veston not onlv an ideal city, but also one of the chief commercial 
 centers and ports of the continent. Thought of failure had no place 
 in any of their calculations or efforts. 
 
 From overwhelming destruction and disaster came forth a mighty 
 strength of purpose, whose results are manifested in the work which 
 is now being pushed forw-ard to an early completion. 
 
 With no obstacles in the future which determined will and effort 
 cannot overcome, all are hopeful and confident of building upon the 
 ruins of the old a Greater Galveston. 
 
 But little is left of the ruins of the old save the sad but sacred 
 memories that twine about those who were swept into the life eternal 
 and these memories will be infused in w^ood and stone, and every 
 partacle of earth that is being used and placed for the protection of 
 these who remain. 
 
 We are indebted to the Galveston News for the statistics taken 
 from the September issue, and the Galveston Tribune, Paul H. 
 Naschke for photographs, to Mr. J. H. Johnson, ex-secretary of the 
 Galveston Chamber of Commerce. E. R. Cheesborough, secretary of 
 the grade-raising board, for interest taken and assistance rendered 
 in the work of compiling this publication. 
 
 Not only will the result of these efforts enhance local interest, 
 but it will fill the need of a vast outlaying territory. The present 
 we believe to be the favorable opportunity that should enlist the 
 aid of every man whose home is here, as well as those who would 
 reap the harvest of a successful business enterprise. 
 
 This is the city of our adoption; here we passed our boyhood days; 
 here we engaged in our first business enterprise, and here, like 
 hundreds of "others, we are prepared to reap the reward of the years 
 spent in the work of building up the city. 
 
 Believing firmly that Galveston Avill yet fulfill our high hopes in 
 becoming one of the first commercial centers of the country, we 
 shall continue to the best of our ability to work for her interest 
 and advancement. The information herein contained has been taken 
 from the most reliable sources and records. 
 
 »3S»^ 
 
 A. A. FINCK & CO., 
 
 Price, 15 Cents. Printers and Publishers, Galveston, Texas. 
 
 )9dH 
 
CENTENNIAL SKETCH. 
 
 NAMING OF GALVESION BAY AND ISLAND. 
 
 From a picture hanging in the Public Library in this city we copy 
 a bit of history: 
 
 About the year 1782 a Spanish fleet made an examination of the 
 coast of the Gulf of Mexico west of the Mississippi river, and named 
 Galveston Bay and Island in honor of Conde De Galvez, then governor 
 of Louisiana. They found on the island one white man, who subsisted 
 by hunting and fishmg. From him they obtained a description of the 
 bay. and without extending their explorations across it, made their 
 
 Conde de Galvez. 
 P.v Permission of W. E. Cirovcr. 
 
 report to the government at Madrid. At that time there were over- 
 land routes or trails from New Orleans and Red river to San Antonio; 
 and the San Jacinto was supposed to be a branch of the Trinity river. 
 
 NOTE.— Col. Thrasher's opinion was, that when the exploring party 
 left New Orleans the governor said "that if they discovered any place 
 of note, to remember him in giving its name"— Hence Galveston re- 
 ceived its name.— George W. Grover. 
 
 The writer has a photograph from a steel engraving of a portrait 
 of Ell Exmo Senor De Galvez, Vice Roy of Mexico, published in the 
 City of Mexico in 1787. With it is a coat of arms representing a brig 
 with an officer holding a drawn sword on deck between the masts; 
 over it is inscribed the motto "lo Solo." On the side of the vessel 
 
in full name Galveston. The incident which led to the design is de- 
 sciibed as follows: "Spain sent to Galvez, who was governor of 
 Louisiana from 1780 to 1785 a colony whom he established on the 
 lake shore east of New Orleans; and set them to building a brig. 
 When the Spanish fleet visited him Galvez wanted the comodore to 
 capture a fort to the east. The comodore not having pilots acquainted 
 with the coast, was not willing. When Galvez said if he would not 
 undertake it he would himself. The fleet went as near as the como- 
 dore thought safe, when Galvez with his brig approached the fort, 
 and demanded their surrender. Awed by the appearance of the fleet 
 they surrendered. Afterward the fleet sailed west, and it is con- 
 
 View from Ion of Seawall, Looking South, Showing Bend in Seawall. 
 
 jectured that Galvez seeing the rapid extension of the English lan- 
 guage, suggested if the comodore shouiu name any place after him, 
 the name should be Galveston, which was complied with, thus is de- 
 lived the English termination to his name.— G. W. Grover. 
 
 Scribnei's Monthly Magazine says: "The island was discovered in 
 16S6 by LaSalle, but remained uninhabited until 1810, when Lafitte and 
 his pi ate associates from the Louisiana coast testea the capacities of 
 the haibor, and shortly after it was occupied by the forces of the 
 Mexican Republic. Lafitte was governor of the island under Mexican 
 authority." 
 
AN ACROSTIC. 
 
 Gem of Mexico's Gulf— northern shore, 
 A city after noble Galvez named; 
 
 Lovely scenes greet the eye, at its door; 
 Varied from bright, to the lesser retain'd— 
 
 Evenings are enchantment of the mind- 
 Sunset o'er the sea, bright as maiden's cheek; 
 
 Transfuse life and joy of purest kind, 
 Only to give rest, where heart pleasure seeks 
 
 No check— the health-giving Beach to find. 
 
 «^1 
 
 ^,'^4- 
 
 "-^. 
 ^ V 
 
 View Looking Easr Showing Seawall, Riprap and the Gulf. 
 
 GALVESTON'S GREAT SEAWALL. 
 
 BY D. B. HENDERSON, COUNTY COMMISSIONER. 
 
 The construction of the great seawall for the protection of the City 
 of Galveston is perhaps one of the greatest undertakings ever at- 
 tempted under similar circumstances. 
 
 There was not a sinp-le individual of the entire population who had 
 escaped loss to a greater or less extent by reason of the great hurri- 
 cane that had swept the town. And not only was this true, but confi- 
 dence In the ability of the town to meet its promises to pay, after 
 
such tremendous losses, was severely shaken i^nd public credit was 
 practically gone. 
 
 But if the storm had destroyed thousands of human lives, and had 
 wiped out millions of dollars worth of property, it had at the same 
 time developed a quality of strength, fortitude and self-reliance in 
 those wjio were left of which the world has had few examples, and 
 when the great wall has been completed, it will not only stand as a 
 protection to the lives and nomes and property of future generations, 
 should the necessity ever arise again b-"- reason of such a storm, but 
 i' will also stanu as a monument of what Americans can accomplish 
 under the most adverse circumtances when they become united. 
 
 The engineers selected to decide upon some safeguard recom- 
 
 View of Seawall, Looking East. 
 
 mended a wall extending from a connection with the Government 
 jetties at Avenue A and Sixth street, running south and south- 
 west around the city to Thritv-ninth street, and their plans are 
 being carried out. The wall, when completed under the present con- 
 tract, will be a little over three miles in length, sixteen feet wide at 
 the base, five feet wide on the top and seventeen feet high above mean 
 low tide. The foundation of the wall rests upon four rows of round 
 piling twelve inches in diameter and driven four feet apart into the 
 srro'ind forty-four feet down into the clay. There is also a row of 
 sheet piling just inside the outside row of round piling, driven into 
 
the prround tv»enty-Fix feet below mean low tide to prevent under- 
 mining. There is also an apron twenty-seven feet wide by 
 about four feet thick, extending seaward in front of the wall, com- 
 posed of solid srranite blocks, as a further protection in case of storms 
 and undermining currents. 
 
 The wall proper is composed of solid concrete, made of crushed 
 granite from Granite Mountain, Texas., sand from San Jacinto River, 
 cement from Germany and water from Alta Loma, Texas, all thor- 
 oughly mixed by immense machinery constructed especially for the 
 purpose, and tamped into forms in sections, and to give additional 
 strength immense steel rods, nine feet in length, are placed in the 
 wall every three feet as the wall goes up. 
 
 Foundation of Seawall and Placing the Riprap. 
 
 That one may better judge of the magnitude of this great under- 
 t::king, the following figures may prove of interest: 
 
 Concrete, 102,000 yards, 150,000 tons , 7,500 carloads; riprap, 100,000 tons, 
 5,000 carloads; sand, 40,000 yards, 50,000 tons, 2,500 carloads; cement, 
 135,000 barels, 27,000 ton.. 1,350 carloads; round piling, 18,000, 1,000 car- 
 loads; sheet piling, 4,000,000 feet, 750 carloads; reinforcing rods, 10 car- 
 loads; total carloads, 18,110. 
 
 This equals one carload of 40,000 pounds, or twenty tons, to every 
 foot of completed wall. This work is now being completed at the rate 
 of about a hundred feet per day. 
 
 11 
 

 
 
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 12 
 
The plan adopted for the work contemplates a back fill to the height 
 or the wall for a distance of one hundred feet back, which will be 
 made into a driveway, and which will when completed prove one of the 
 most beautiful drives in the country. 
 
 The funds for this great undertaking nave been practically raised 
 by the people of Galveston. 
 
 The Legislature authorized Galveston County to issue $1,500,000 m 
 lour per cent bonds, running for forty years, and these the citizens of 
 the town immediately subscribed for. and the work was begun and 
 will very likely be completed within four months from this time. 
 
 There is a sentiment behind this great work, and the public credit 
 which was evoked to carry it into effect, that stands without a 
 
 The law under which the bonds were issued to carry out this work 
 provides for a levy of 50 cents on the One Hundred Dollars of prop- 
 erty This first levy wa,; made at the time of issue of the bonds, and 
 in less than eight months from date of issue practically every cent 
 of this tax was paid and four per cent of the entire issue of bonds 
 were retired. People paid their seawall assessments whether they 
 could pay any other tax or not. 
 
 The fact that Galveston County has undertaken and is now actively 
 engaged in the construction of a great seawall or breakwater along 
 the Gulf front and around the city, and that the State of Texas has 
 by unanimous vote of the Legislature donated the county taxes for a 
 period of eighteen years to raise the grade of the city should not be 
 taken to mean that this city was not before the great work was 
 undertaken and is not at this time, as safe a place for human habi- 
 tation as any other place in tne world. 
 
 The great storm of September 8th. 1900. resulted in such a loss 
 of life and property that confidence was severely shaken in the minds 
 of many of the town's own people, while a large majority of the 
 outside world, who had looked at results only, were apparently dis- 
 posed to believe that this was not a safe place of residence. 
 
 These fears were based upon the ground that what had happened 
 once was liable to happen again, and among the misinformed it was 
 easy enough for demoralization and fear to get the better of judgment 
 a.nd common sense. There are thousands of good people, who go 
 through life and live and die, who act from beginning to end on im- 
 pulse rather than judgment. A calamity overtakes a community, 
 where there is great loss of life and property, or maybe both. The 
 impulsive man looks only at the result and is stampeded, while the 
 man of judgment and cool head proceeds to investigate and will not 
 allow himself to be carried away until there exists good and sufficient 
 reason for him to act. _ 
 
 Generally speaking, the great storm of September, 1900, tnat visited 
 Galveston, was perhaps the most misunderstood phenomenon that has 
 «ver occurred, and it is astonishing that so few peopxe who passed 
 through it, ana had occasion to observe its progress and effects, can 
 give any satisfactory explanation of it. Anyone who has given the 
 matter any thought worth while is surprised that a large majority of 
 the people outside as well as inside the town, continue to speak of the 
 •occurrence as a "tidal wave." or "tornaao." when in truth it was 
 jiothing mo:-: nor less than a re:iular West India hurricane, that 
 
 13 
 
originated in the vicinity of Martinique, about five or six days before 
 it struck Galveston, and a record of its progress was kept and given 
 out to the world every few hours, from the moment of its discovery, 
 by the Weather Department at Washington and there was no trouble 
 to trace its progress until it was lost sight of by entering the Gulf of 
 Mexico in the vicinity of Key West. As long as it was possible for 
 
 the weather poeple to keep track of it, during the first few days of its 
 
 progress, it was not different from the usual L3epteniber hurricanes, 
 which are generally of yearly occurrence, and which always cause 
 more or less damage along the Atlantic Coast, as they pass out to 
 the northeast into the Arctic Ocean, which is their destination, unless 
 they die out before reaching there. They do at times get into the 
 Gulf of Mexico and damage has been done by them at points along 
 
 14 
 
the coast in the past. By reason of some meteorological influence or 
 disturbance about the time this storm entered the Gulf of Mexico, it 
 was apparently increased to much greater energy than when first 
 ■ i.ocovered, and when it appeared before Galveston the wind was 
 blowing at an estimated velocity of one hundred and twenty miles 
 .\n hour, and this tr mendous force simply picked up the waters of the 
 Gulf of Mexico and hurled them against the island and over the 
 town, causing the great amount of destruction. 
 A -wind estimated to be of one hundred and twenty miles velocity Is 
 
 a pnenomenon with which tne weather aepartments of the world tiave 
 had iittle to do until the Galveston storm, and they had little 
 opportunity to observe its effects then, from the fact that the instru- 
 ments provided to withstand the highest velocity of any known wind 
 were torn to pieces by tne time they had registered a velocity of one 
 hundred miles per hour. Such a wind blowing for two hours over 
 New York. Chicago, London or any other city, would have done as 
 much and likely more damage than was done at Galveston. But the 
 
 15 . 
 
chances are that there will never be any such wind again. Such a 
 wind has been proven at> possible, by reason of its occurrence at Gal- 
 veston, still it is so remote a possibility that the weather department 
 af Washington has designatea the storm of September 8/ 1900, as a 
 freak, and it is well known that there is no known protection against 
 freaks of any kind. That Galveston is as safe ', place as any other 
 under ordinary circumstances for human habitation, has been demon- 
 strated by reason of the fact that many buildings, located along the 
 Gulf front, and within a short distance of the water's edge, and only 
 a few feet above sea level, stood for over thirty-five years in perfect 
 safety and there is no place in the world where buildings constructed 
 under the same circumstances and as near the water's edge and as 
 near tae sea level, as were hundreds of houses in Galveston, that 
 would have stood as long as they did. Constructed under the same 
 conditions and no higher above sea levels, there is not a place on the 
 Atlantic Coast of the United States where they would have been likely 
 to remain standing for six months. So it is a fact that the necessity 
 for biilding a seawall and raising the grade of the city is based 
 entirely on a sentiment, brought into existence by reason of its having 
 fallen a victim to the work of a freak. 
 
 GOVERNOR LANHAM CONVINCED. 
 
 Governor S. W. T. Lanham, after making a careful inspection of 
 tii*^ Seawall, renjarked to a representative of the Galveston News: 
 
 "This is work," said the Governor, as he surveyed the immovable 
 m .ss of concrete, "tnat will be pointeu to in ages to come as one of 
 the greatest engmeerinp- specimens of man's skill. On my desk at 
 Austin I have photographs of this great breakwater and from them 
 and the descrintions and reports of the progress of the work that 
 have been oublisned from time to time, I have tried to comprehend 
 the vastness of the undertaking, but I must confess that not until 
 today have I fully appreciated why you Galvestonians have placed so 
 much confidence in the protection that this will afford you. I believe 
 that when completed from it you will realize your most sanguine 
 expectations. The people of this city ^vill have e_ssential security, 
 which thev have not before enjoyed, and which, in fact, was thought 
 unnecessary. I believe that so far as human prudence can guard 
 against disasters irom storms from the sea in tne future, this will 
 accomplish it." 
 
 Falling into a refiective mood, the Governor continued: "The build- 
 ing of this wall means a great deal for Galveston. A great deal of 
 credit is due to those who conceived it, those who planned it, and 
 those who are executing it. It means that within a few years the 
 recollection of this storm will have become but a reminiscence, except 
 to those who have suffered the loss of their dear ones. It means that 
 those who are not yet satisfied with the stability of Galveston will 
 share the confidence of your citizenship and will remove here and 
 assist you in making it a glorious, greater Galveston, They will 
 come among you and bring their families, making their residences 
 
 17 
 
here and engaging m business and in their eagerness to develop the 
 great port of the Southwest, forgetting that here occurred one of the 
 most heartrending cataclysms of the age. The sense of security that 
 will be felt after the seawall is completed will be so great that there 
 will be nothing to deter the rapid increase of population here— in 
 fact, within ten years I expect to see Galveston at least double in 
 
 Large Ship Laying at the Wharf. 
 
 From a Galveston standpoint PUSH is the wrtchword. PUSH tlie 
 present enterprise to success. The world looks on with applause at 
 the herculean efforts which are being made for a storm-proof city. 
 And local pride and justice is sure to reserve the front seats for the 
 men who push. On every door to success Is boldly written PUSH. 
 And no other people in the wide world have more, if as much, push 
 as is to be fo md in Galveston. 
 
 18 
 
GALVESTON AS A DEEP WATER PORT AND POSSIBILITIES 
 FOR THE FUTURE. 
 
 BY R. WAVERLET SMITH, PRESIDENT DEEP WATER 
 COMMITTEE. 
 
 Galveston is ti-3 principal seaport of the Southwest, doing more 
 foreign business than any port south of New York. It has recently 
 moved forward to the third place in the rank of exporting ports in 
 the United States, being exceeded in this respect only by New York 
 and New Orleans. Galveston and New Orleans alternate as first and 
 second cotton ports of the world, while the former ranks first in 
 cotton seed produce exports. This port has forty-two steamship lines 
 
 View at Southern Pacific Docks. 
 
 in active operation, including regular service to all important ports 
 in Europe, and nine trunk lines of railroad centering here to carry 
 the surplus proc^uct; of the Southwest to, ana the manufactured 
 products of the Atlantic seaboard and Europe from, this great gate- 
 way of commerce. 
 
 The present available wharf front, being about six miles in length, 
 v/ill furnish accommodation for nmety-one large ocean-going vessels, 
 this being second only to the port of New York, while in respect of 
 the area or wharf shed room available for the handling of freight at 
 this port, Galvecton ranks ahead even of New York. This splendid 
 wharf front is owned by the United States Government, State of 
 
 19 
 
Texas, Galveston Wharf Company, Southern Pacific Company, Santa 
 Fe system, Rock Island system and the Galveston City Company. 
 
 Galveston is only one hour from the deep sea for a laden steamer, 
 having now a minimum depth of 27 feet of water in the channel, 
 which will soon be increased to thirty feet, with a width of 1200 feet, 
 under a Government contract now being carried out. 
 
 According to the Government report for the fiscal year of 1902-03, 
 Galveston foreign exports were valued at $104,121,087. 
 
 The great fleet of Southern Pacific freighters put into active 
 service between Galveston and New York about a year ago, has 
 fulfilled the promise of an enormous increase of traffic through this 
 port. All tne freight to and from all parts of Texas, Color.ido, Utah, 
 New Mexico, Old Mexico, Arizona, California, Oregon, the Hawaiian 
 
 ijicnu jiiie valor at (Southern Pacinc jjocks. 
 
 Islands, China, Japan, Philippine Islands, and Australia, handled by 
 the Southern Pacific, is now routed via Galveston. This tonnage 
 alone amounts to at least 20,000 tons a week the year round, while 
 during the busy season it often reaches the enormous aggregate of 
 40,000 tons of freight per week. 
 
 The splendid freight and passenger service of the Mallory Line 
 between New YorK and Galveston is continuously increasing in 
 volume and efficiency. New ships are being added to meet the grow- 
 ing demanus of the enormous traffic handled by this company, which 
 has foT^ many years been one of the most important factors in the 
 upbuilding of this port. 
 
 21 
 
Galveston is the product of geographical location and the neces- 
 sities of commerce, and Nature has marked her for a splendid future 
 as the gateway for the great West and Northwest. It is now easily 
 the chief port of the Texas coast, and with the construction of the 
 Isthmian Canal is destined to be the chief port of the Gulf of 
 Mexico. It is only a short distance from the great oil fields of Texas, 
 where the motive pow^r of the future lies stored. It is here the 
 rail and water lines meet, and irresistibly and inevitably the tide of 
 commerce is flowing through this port in constantly increasing 
 volume. 
 
 RECORDS THAT WERE BROKEN. 
 
 Galvepton has passed Boston-Charlestown (Mass.), and now holds 
 
 Wharf, Foot of 20th Street. 
 
 third place in the rank of exporting pomts in the United States. 
 
 Galveston aavanced from twenty-third place to eighteenth place in 
 her rank as a port of entry among the Ocean and Gulf ports. 
 
 Foreign export values for the fiscal year amounted to $104,121,087, an 
 increase over the previous banner year of tne port by $2,158,295, being 
 the only port in the United States passing her old high record. 
 
 All records in custom house receipts were broken, last year's 
 receipts being exceeded 116 per cent. 
 
 Total value of freight handled in Galveston harbor for the year was 
 $447,910,707, an increase of $201,343,461 over the previous year. 
 
 23 
 
ADove, behold the bluest sky. 
 Beneath, upon the Gulf, its reflection. 
 And the gentle breeze that fans the cheek, 
 iS nowhere else as in Galveston. 
 
 We love the wide, deep water. 
 Where soothing breezes blow, 
 Wafting fragrance from Oleanders 
 Along the near-by shore. 
 
 24 
 
SHIPPING FACILITIES OF THE PORT OF GALVESTON. 
 
 BY CHARLES FOWLER, OF FOWLER & McVITIE. 
 
 As water seeks its own level, so it is equally true that trade and 
 traffic move alonpr lines of least resistance. 
 
 No better illustration of this can be found than in the vast volume 
 of business that has been moved through the Port of Galveston ever 
 since the bar or obstruction at the entrance to the harbor was 
 removed by the United States Government in 1895. 
 
 Recognizing the strength of Galveston's geographical position as the 
 nearest tide water point, not only to the cotton fields of Texas and 
 the Indian Territory, but also to the vast granaries and mineral 
 wealth of the West and Southwest, an area covering fully one-third 
 of the Union, the Federal Government expended $8,000,000 in obtaining 
 sufficient water to float the largest ocean carriers of the world. 
 
 Wharf Scene, Looking West. 
 
 But "one swallow does not make a summer," nor do thirty feet of 
 water alone make a first-class port. 
 
 Harbor facilities, wharves, warehouses, elevators and a well orga- 
 nized system of terminals are just as essential as deep water. 
 
 Fortunately Galveston had some far-sighted men, who so promptly 
 realized the exigencies of the situation, that the port was equipped 
 lor a large Increase of business several years in advance of the actual 
 requirements. 
 
 The spirit of progress and enterprise was given a concrete form in 
 the splendid and unflagging efforts of the Wharf Company, to which 
 are largely due Galveston's prestige of today and the strength of 
 her position as one of the five most important ports of the United 
 States. 
 
 From the following statement one can form an idea of the extent 
 and capacity of the facilities afforded by the Wharf Company. 
 
1. The total leng-th of improved wharf front is 21,641 lineal feet, or 
 4.1 miles. 
 
 2 The total area of property is 252.36 acres. 
 
 3. The warehouses ana sheds cover an area of 1,594,289 square feet. 
 4. The storage capacity of the sheds is 309.858 bales oi cotton placed 
 on end, but if the cotton was tiered the entire crop of Texas could 
 be put under cover. 
 
 5. The wharf comnanj' terminals consist of thirty-six miles of 
 tracK h,id with 70-DOund standard steel rails, which together with all 
 the latest improved switches, afford ample capacity for the storage of 
 cars and a handling capacity of over a thousand loaded cars per day. 
 
 6. Marine wavs, with a capacity for hauling out vessels of over 
 700 tons. 
 
 7. Two errain elevators of an aggregate capacity of 2,500,000 bushels^ 
 which, top-ether with the Texas Star Flour Mills elevator of 750,000 
 bushels capacity and the Southern Pacific elevator of a million 
 
 
 
 
 GalvesLou Bay, Showing Government liupioseuicuL ox v-u- luei. 
 
 bushels, give the port an aggregate elevator capacity of over 4,000,000 
 bushels. 
 
 Elevator "A" has a capacity of delivering into vessels 70,000 bushels 
 of grain per hour and unloading 200 cars of gra.n per day, being one 
 of the most rapid handlers of grain in this country. 
 
 From the time it became apparent that it would be necessary to 
 meet improved conditions on the bar and provide for vessels of deeper 
 dratt. that is, from 1890 to 1903 inclusive, the Wharf Company has 
 expended over $700,000 for the purchase, maintenance and operation 
 of its dredeing plant, which is only used for the purpose of dredging 
 and deeoening in front of and around its wharves. 
 
 In April, 1869, by decree of compromise the city waived all claim to 
 the streets from Avenue A to tne harbor line, running through the 
 Wharf Company's property, receiving 6222 shares of stock, being one- 
 
 27 
 
A wide, wild stretch of water. 
 Over which glide mammoth ships, 
 
 Yet disdains to quench the thirst 
 Of one that puts it to his lips. 
 
 German Battleship, Laying at Galveston Whaxf. 
 
 A multitude of weary hearts, 
 From countries far and near. 
 
 Come to enjoy refreshing baths, 
 Found nowhere else, like here. 
 
On this the city has collected over $900,000 in 
 pays between $40,000 and $45,000 
 
 third of the stock 
 dividends. 
 
 Taxes— The Wharf Company 
 annuallv. 
 
 The Wharf Company expended $400,00u in restoring its property after 
 the storm of September 8. 1900. It went to work immediately repair- 
 ing the damage, giving employment to a small army of laborers, not 
 hesitating at expens., but using every means at its command to place 
 its property in shape to handle the business of the port as soon as 
 the railroads could bring it in. This they accomplished, and when the 
 bridge was repaired, enabling the trains to enter our city, the Wharf 
 Company was prepared to furnish facilities to handle all the business 
 tendered them, so there was not one day's detention to shipping 
 through any fault of the company. 
 
 Their elevators were badly damaged. Elevator "B" being almost 
 a total wreck, yet they delivered grain to a vessel on September 22, 
 only fourteen days after the storm, thus showing the prompt manner 
 
 Galveston Wharf Front, Looking East. Two Large Steamers that 
 Carry a Million Dollar Freight Laying at the Docks. 
 
 in which the repairs to their property were made. 
 
 From 1890 to date the Wharf company has expended over $2,000,000 
 in improving its property, building elevators, sheds, wharves, railroad 
 tracks,, etc., thus increasing the value of its property to $5,000,000, and 
 enabled it to Keep nace with the demanas of commerce; in fact, it 
 has kept ahead, so that they have been able at all times, to properly 
 care for all business seeking an outlet through our port. 
 
 No stronger refutation of the charge of monopoly could be found 
 than in the enormous increase of the business of the port while in the 
 "clutches" of the alleged "octopus. ' Moreover, the advent of the 
 Southern Facific Company and the construction of its unexcelled 
 terminal facilities, are conclusive evidence that Galveston is in the full 
 enjoyment of all the advantages to be derived from vigorous and 
 healthy comoetition. The benefits that will accrue from her latest 
 
 29 
 
acquisition will be almost incalculable. It would not be inappropriate 
 to quote from a recent interesting publication on the subject of the 
 Southern Pacific Terminals: 
 
 '•When the Southern Pacific begp>n its extensive improvements at 
 Galveston a year or two since it was with a view of accommodating 
 its facilities to the growing demands of trade and commerce gen- 
 erally. The constantly augmenting business of exports of all classes 
 of American products to the consumers of the globe severely taxed 
 the trade institutions, crowaing the wharves and docks of the various 
 seaports at periods when traffic congestion seriously crippled all 
 departments of the great transportation lines of the country. 
 
 "The permanent deep water at Galveston, the magnificence of the 
 harbor and tne converging of rail lines to the city in question, made 
 the proposition extremely attractive, and the fact that the great crops 
 of the West sought egress through Gulf ports precluded all possibility 
 of failure or any lack of trade. Thus the determination of the South- 
 ern Pacific to erect the vast system of sheds, docks, elevators, con- 
 
 Scene at Hogan's Alley. 
 
 Vcvors and other loading and unloading appliances, was based upon 
 results of observation and upon the necessities of the situation which 
 the promotero of the imnr >vement realized and appreciatea. 
 
 "To date the Southern Pacific has expended over $^,000,000 in its 
 Galveston terminals, and this sum will be constantly increased in the 
 near future bv the ad'lkion of other improvements demanded by 
 the trade. 
 
 "A million bushel grain elevator is being erected on Pier A, and 
 will soon be completed. A large power house is being built to accom- 
 modate the machinery for operating the elevator, and other projects 
 are contemplated in the interest of the great railroad and steamship 
 company, which means so much for this port and the whole South- 
 west. The dock and terminal improvements completed to date and 
 
 30 
 
agreed upon ror immediate construction, represent an outlay of 
 $2,500,000 in round figures." i. „ ^ 
 
 Another evidence of Galveston's freedom from the thrall of 
 monopoly lies in the fact that the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Rail- 
 way Company has a large area of property east of Tenth street and 
 a valuable frontage on the channel, as has also the Rock Island 
 system west of the Southern Pacific docks, which will be developed as 
 soon as the need of more facilities than the Wharf Company can 
 furnish will warrant. 
 
 If there is a scintilla of doubt as to the strength and importance 
 of Galveston's position as a port, or of ner future greatness as a 
 municipality it must be dispelled by the recent action of the Fifty- 
 seventh Congress in undertaking in accordance with plans of the 
 United States Engineer-, the restoration of the jetties at a cost of 
 $1,500,000, the repair and rebuilding of the fortifications at a cost of 
 $1,000,000, and the improvement of the inner harbor channel to a width 
 
 Galveston's Wharf Front, Looking East. 
 
 of 1200 feet and a depth of thirty feet, at a cost of over $1,500,000, which 
 will make Galveston the peer of any port in the world. 
 
 o 
 
 No one should brood over growing old, but should hold fast to youth 
 and vigor. Many look at the end of life, when they have scarcely 
 begun its journey, and leave no sea between tne two shores, it is 
 neither healthy nor wise to dig graves before there is need for them, 
 nor to strain the ear to hear the rattle of clods upon the coifin— keep 
 young. Don't waste the spring-time of life brooaing over its winter, 
 and it is apt to be a late one. Man was born for action, for use. Some 
 writer has said his first fifty years are his school days, and tne next 
 fifty are those in which to live— anu wa will add, not in cnimney cor- 
 ners, but in giving the results of an active, well ordered life, to 
 increase the common wealth of the world. 
 
 31 
 
LARGE EXPORTS. 
 
 The Report of the Clearances Foot Up Nearly 100,000 Bales. 
 
 The exports for the twenty-four hours ending' this morning (October 
 1, 1903). as reported by the Cotton J^xchange, were very heavy. The 
 total of the different steamers is as follows: 
 
 Liverpool, steam^^ Wanderer 9,598 
 
 Manchester, steamer D. Larrinaga 6,351 
 
 Liverpool, steamer Irada 10,560 
 
 Havre, steamer Mohawk 14,250 
 
 steamer Tola 6,807 
 
 steamer Swanley 11,372 
 
 Havre 
 Havre 
 Havre, steamer Iran. 
 
 7,307 
 
 steamer Monviso 10,600 
 
 steamer Monviso 1,200 
 
 Genoa, 
 Naples, 
 New York, steamer Concho. 
 
 5 047 
 
 Total 83,102 
 
 TWENTY YEARS OF PROGRESS. 
 
 Following is a statement snowing the progress of Galveston as a 
 cotton market for a period of twenty years. The figures are taken 
 from the last column of the "Galveston Daily Statement," as kept by 
 the Galveston Cotton Exchange, on the last day of the season each 
 year, and shows the receipts and disposition of cotton for the ent re 
 season: 
 
 Receip^ts— 1902-03. 1901-02. 1892-93 
 
 Net 2,093,070 2,090,710 1,047,910 
 
 Other ports 
 
 Gross 2,093,070 
 
 Exnorts— 
 
 To Great Britain 685,498 880,390 455,831 
 
 To France 328,997 352,739 133.748 
 
 To Continent 610,290 533,815 172.712 
 
 To Channel 11.860 6,100 
 
 2,090,710 1,047,910 
 
 1882-83. 
 
 863,104 
 
 17,345 
 
 880,345 
 
 315,814 
 39,328 
 
 137,743 
 22,859 
 
 Total foreien. 
 
 .1,636,635 
 . 450,086 
 
 New York 
 
 Morgan City 
 
 Other ports .S4.896 
 
 North bv rail 1.771 
 
 Total coastwise 486,753 
 
 Local consumption 
 
 Total exports 2,138,388 
 
 o 
 
 1,733,044 
 839,837 
 
 r62,291 524,376 
 
 1,560 
 341,397 
 
 2/9,386 
 
 9,157 
 
 628 
 
 166 
 
 289,697 
 
 4.256 
 
 213,416 
 
 84,507 
 
 51,988 
 
 194 
 
 349,805 
 
 2,114,441 1,056,244 871,181 
 
 DISTANCE IN MILES. 
 
 Tne increased business at the nort of Galveston is explained partly 
 by the improvea harbor and lacilities for handling freight and partly 
 by the fact that shippers are beginning to take into consideration the 
 fact that Galveston is nearer to the large business centers by many 
 miles than New York City: 
 
 To Gal- To New Miles 
 From— veston. York, nearer. 
 
 San Francisco, Cal 1,620 2,560 940 
 
 Los Angeles. Cal 1,350 2,443 1,093 
 
 Salt Lake, Utah i,240 1,990 750 
 
 Denver, Col 930 1,670 740 
 
 Cheyenne, Wyo 990 1,648 658 
 
 Santa Fe, N. M 790 1,805 1,015 
 
 El Paso, Tex 694 1,948 1,254 
 
 Lincoln, Neb 815 1,254 439 
 
 Topeka, Kan 680 1,226 546 
 
 Yankton, S. D 936 1,282 845 
 
 ^maha. Neb 839 1,214 375 
 
 St. Louis, Mo 705 946 241 
 
 Little Rock, Ark 40S 1,153 745 
 
 32 
 
,. . SHIPPING. 
 
 "Greater Galveston, where rail and water lines meet." 
 The statement that Galveston Is destined to be one of the leading 
 ports of the United States is no longer a prediction. That prophecy has 
 been fulfilled and Galveston is one of the leading ports of the country 
 Situated as she is, onlv one hour's run from the deep sea, and at 
 the very door of a large and rich territory, nothing has been able 
 to stop her progress. With the development of industries ana tne 
 increase of population and production in her territory, the port 
 of Galveston has kept pace in added facilities for handling outgomg 
 and incoming cargoes. To-day there is not a country of importance 
 In the world that has not direct connection with Galveston. Regular 
 line service is becoming popular, and as the country develops r^w 
 lines are established, until Galveston now offers a foreign steamship 
 service barely surpassed by any port in the United States. The 
 
 Scene at Fowler & McVitie's Coal Elevator. 
 
 coastwise trade is well looked after, the New York business being 
 handled by two prominent lines, which together have five vessels in 
 and out of the port each week. The lines are the New York and 
 Texas steamship line (Mallory line) and the Southern Pacific-Morgan 
 steamship line. In connection with the coast wise trade there are 
 three tank lines to Sabine Pass, a steamship line to Brownsville, two 
 schooner lines to Brownsville, three schooner lines to Corpus Christi, 
 and numerous small vessels plying between Galveston and nearby 
 ports. The foreign trade is cared for by fifty-three lines of steam- 
 ships, besides numerous tramp steamers. All these lines do not have 
 regular sailings the year round, but through the busy season, which 
 lasts from September until April, sailings on all lines are frequent. 
 Referring to the depth of the water in the harbor and on the bar, 
 
 33 
 
the following record of deeply laaen vessels passing- out over the bar 
 during the last year is conclusive proof that Galveston is a deep water 
 port, even without the improvements now in progress: 
 
 1902— Feet. Inches. 
 
 April 18— Ss Irada (Br) 25 6 
 
 July 29— Ss St. George (Br.) 25 3 
 
 Aug. 21— Ss Monomv ''Br) 25 3 
 
 Aug. 24— Ss Ikbal (Br) 25 
 
 Sent. 12— Ss Inchmaree (Br) 25 2 
 
 Sept. 17— Ss Breslau (Ger) 25 
 
 Oct. 25— Ss Chemnitz (Ger) 25 
 
 Nov. 29— Ss MmeolP (Br) ) 25 4 
 
 1903— 
 
 Jan. 13— Ss Frankfort 'G«r) 25 1 
 
 Feb. 2— Ss Cassel (Ger) 26 6 
 
 Feb. 10— Ss Irak (Ger) 25 10 
 
 Mar. 9— Ss Rio Jano CSpan) 25 10 
 
 Mar. 24— Ss Ramore Head (Br) 25 6 
 
 Aoril 10— Ss Atlantian (Br) 25 8 
 
 Mav 6— Ss Alexandria (Br) 25 6 
 
 May 15— Ss Irada (Br) 25 10 
 
 Mav 27— Ss Inchmaree Br) 25 9 
 
 June 25— Ss Inchulva (Br) 25 6 
 
 June 30— Ss Acilia (Ger) 25 11 
 
 Aug. 8— Ss Dictator (Br) 25 8 
 
 Aug. 13— Ss Alexandria (Ger) 25 7 
 
 GALVESTON'S RANK AMONG PORTS. 
 
 As a r 3ult of the enorm.ous foreign trade that Galveston has 
 enjoyed during the past fiscal year, the port has advanced one 
 rumber in its rank among exporting ports of the United States and 
 now holds third placa from the top of the list. It also holds the proud 
 distinction or being th only port .n the United States that passed 
 its old record and set up a new mr.rk for export values. The fiscal 
 year 1900-01 was the banrer year for export values for the United 
 States and for every port in the country. Since that time there has 
 been a falling away of export values, in 1901-02 all ports suffering to a 
 greater or less extent. Galveston was on the list that did not that year 
 equal its banner year, but came nearer doing it than any other port. 
 For the year just closed she passed the high mark and sent out to 
 foreign countries goods valued at $104,121,087. In 1901-02 Galveston passed 
 Baltimore and in 1902-03 Boston-Charlestown (Mass.) was left in the 
 rear, with Baltimori taking fifth place in the list. "While Galveston 
 gained $2,243,787 over its banner year, Baltimore fell away $24,534,584, 
 Boston-Charlestown (Mass.), $55,581,788, New Orleans $3,704,080, and New 
 York $112,905,414. 
 
 Galveston's rank among the Gulf ports in total trade is still second, 
 and second also in rank as an exporting point. As a port of entry 
 her rank among the Gulf ports is fourth, which is also the same 
 position the port occupied in 1901-02 and the year previous. 
 
 It is said that Carot, catching the sunlight on his palatj and trans- 
 ferring it to canvas, was once so surprised and gladdened that he 
 burst into song, and shouted for joy. And wishing to share this joy 
 with another he looked about and saw a peasant trudging along the 
 road. Carot ran to him, embraced the astonished man, and seizing 
 him by the arm ran across the meaaow and standing him before .he 
 canves, said: "Look at that! Look at that! I've got it at last, look 
 at that!" This was the result of earnest endeavor, but the peasant 
 did not see it— he had not been looking for it— and the sunligh ; not be- 
 ing in his soul, he could not nerceive it when it was mirrored In a 
 picture. 
 
 While some may not see the ability of Galveston to cope with the 
 mammoth enterprise, she feels her strength, and is possessed of tne 
 foresight to know that it will succeed. 
 
 34 
 
BUSY WHARF SCENES. 
 
 From the Galveston Tribune, October 1, 1903. 
 
 The last days of September were busy ones here, especially in 
 regard to cotton shipments, and there were more vessels clearing and 
 sailing Wednesday— the number footed up nine — than often happens 
 in the busiest of seasons, and they presented a pretty picture as they 
 passed out of the harbor, firing their rockets as a farewell salute. 
 The receipts of cotton for the month amounted to 184,836 bales, and 
 ♦■he movement did not fully start until some ten days since, while the 
 receipts of grain— wheat, corn and rye— reached the number of 3633 
 cars. Despite the large number of vessels sailing yesterday the harbor 
 is well fillea with ships and they are arriving almost hourly, as there 
 is a large fleet on the way to this port. 
 
 Busy Wharf Scene. 
 
 Some idea of the magnitude of the business transacted at this port 
 can be formed by an epitomized statement of the exportations to 
 foreign countries and their appraised value, which is as follows-. 
 Cotton, 91.796 bales, valued at $4^802 398; 982,000 bushels of wheat, valued 
 at $829,114; 34,284 b-iohels of corn, valued at $16,113; 40,554 barrels of 
 flour, valued at $149,291; 15,875 feet of waln-it lumber, valued at $1,111; 
 204 walnut logs, valued at $6,814; 301,560 feet of pine lumber, valued at 
 $6,372; 164,955 staves, valued at $17,771; 4,353 ba2;s of zinc ore, valued at 
 $15,890 ; 11,084 sacks o.; cotton seed meal, valued at $120,530; 1,793 sacks of 
 copper matte, valued at $15,814; 290 sacks of mineral wool, valued at 
 .■^1,530; 500 sacks of meadow fescue grass seed, valued at $6,180; 4353 
 sacks of zinc ore, valued at $10,890, and 542 barrels of soap stock, 
 valued at $2,056. The total value of the exports during the three last 
 days of September was $5,995,060. The large shipments of flour to 
 foreign ports is particuiarlv noticeable. 
 
 35 
 
People who are inclined to mope and give up, should come to our 
 little city by the sea and learn self-reliance, and what the combined 
 will and purpose of a community can achieve. We have given defeat 
 and failure back seats. We work to succeed 
 
 Some may doubt the success of the seawall, but that does not 
 lessen courage and the efforts that are being made in its construction. 
 They only serve as ballast to a ship, and are received as such. 
 
 36 
 
GALVESTON'S RANK AS A COTTON PORT. 
 
 As a further evidence of the progress of Galveston as a cotton port, 
 the net receipts of cotton at all United States ports for the same years 
 are griven below, the smaller ports being combined as "other ports." 
 So far this year, 1903-04, Galveston is 465,893 bales ahead of New 
 Orleans, thus making her the first cotton port in the world. 
 
 PORTS- 
 
 1 1903-04 i 
 
 I I 
 
 1902-03 I 1892-93 I 1882-83 
 
 Galveston | 2,038,231 
 
 New Orleans | 1,572,338 
 
 Mobile I 179,t07 
 
 Savannah 1,004,146 
 
 Charleston 
 Wilmington 
 Norfolk .... 
 Baltimore . . 
 New York . 
 
 Boston 
 
 Philadelphia 
 Other ports 
 
 142,191 
 
 307,642 
 
 387,405 
 
 18,343 
 
 28,533 
 
 12,367 
 
 7.559 
 
 285,276 
 
 Totals 5,983,438 
 
 2,093 0(0 
 
 1,047,910 
 
 2,316,617 
 
 1,620,079 
 
 216,557 
 
 182,884 
 
 1,297,453 
 
 791,211 
 
 200,489 
 
 287,496 
 
 328,272 
 
 159,394 
 
 509,437 
 
 297,301 
 
 49,046 
 
 66,893 
 
 57,577 
 
 107,068 
 
 99,040 
 
 123,751 
 
 27,449 
 
 73.212 
 
 525,202 
 
 330,132 
 
 7,720,209 
 
 5,081,394 
 
 863,104 
 1,674,524 
 311,977 
 817,b/0 
 570,077 
 129,146 
 798,676 
 
 89,347 
 152,184 
 192,101 
 
 99,141 
 284,156 
 
 5,892,483 
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE RECEIPTS. 
 
 Following is a statement of duties collected by months during the 
 fiscal year 1902-03 and a comparative statement of all moneys collected 
 at the port: 
 
 July $15,399 10 
 
 August 20,271 70 
 
 September 35,900 11 
 
 October 39,928 98 
 
 November 33,379 64 
 
 December 42,758 79 
 
 January 72,835 95 
 
 February 11,238 64 
 
 March 35,132 93 
 
 April 36,511 18 
 
 May 20,808 70 
 
 June 24,338 94 
 
 Amount Cash from 
 duties, all sources. 
 
 $388,504 57 $448,519 00 
 179,084 12 220,321 79 
 152,429 72 196, o37 78 
 154,199 26 Z33,870 22 
 
 Total $388,504 57 
 
 Following is a statement of duties paid and cash from all sources 
 
 received at the custom house at this port for the fiscal year 1902-03, 
 
 compared with the three previous years: 
 
 Number of 
 Year— entries. 
 
 1902-03 1,426 
 
 1901-02 1,117 
 
 1900-01 772 
 
 1899-00 799 
 
 The increase of duties paid in 1902-03 over the previous year, as indi 
 
 cated in the above table, is $209,420.45, anu the increase in all moneys 
 
 received $228,197.21. 
 
 The total value of goods handled over the Galveston wharves for 
 
 the year just closed was $447,910,707, compared witn a valuation of 
 
 $246,567,246 for 1901-02. showing an increase of $201,343,461. This increase 
 
 was due largely to our expanded coastwise trade, due to the union of 
 
 steamship and railroad lines of the Southern Pacific system at the 
 
 port of Galvestv^n. 
 
 Following is given the approximate value of the freight handled 
 
 coastwise at the port of Galveston for each nionth of the fiscal year 
 
 1902-03 : 
 
 July $13,877,856 
 
 August ^ 23,046.280 
 
 September 19,673,275 
 
 October 34,166,069 
 
 November 38,821,267 
 
 December 30,495 114 
 
 January 40,205,635 
 
 February 25,109,213 
 
 March 27,782,829 
 
 April 31,635,65? 
 
 May 29,121,100 
 
 June 29,389,618 
 
 Total $342,278,279 
 
 The total value of freight nandled coastwise over the Galveston 
 wharves during the past year was $342,278,279. 
 
 37 
 
GALVESTON COTTON EXCHANGE STATEMENT. 
 
 The following statement of receipts, exports, local consumption, 
 weight of bales, both round and square, at Galveston, for the season 
 
 of 1902-03 v/as furnished by S. O. Young, Secretary of the Galveston 
 Cotton Exchane-e. (Round bales counted as half bales): 
 
 1903 1902. 
 
 Net receipts 2,093,070 2,090,710 
 
 Gross receipts 2,093,070 2,090,710 
 
 Exports to Great Britain 685,498 880,390 
 
 Exports to France 328,997 352,739 
 
 Exports to Continent 610,290 533,815 
 
 Exports to Japan None None 
 
 Exports to Mexico 11,580 6,10u 
 
 Experts to coastwise r^orts 482,982 341,397 
 
 Shipped to interior points north of the Potomac None None 
 
 Shipped to interior points south of the Potomac 1,171 None 
 
 Local consumpti n None Isone 
 
 Average weight of year's receipts (pounds) 519.54 522.28 
 
 Stock August 31 1,131 31,449 
 
 New cotton received to close of August 594 56,363 
 
 A- erage value of bales $51.47 $44.39 
 
 Burned None None 
 
 Total rouna bales received 381,750 230.718 
 
 Average weight of round bales (pounds) 253.80 254.19 
 
 o 
 
 FOREIGN IMPORTS BY MONTHS. 
 
 As will be seen by the following table, foreign imports actually 
 consigned to Galveston make up less than one-half of the foreign 
 goods actually entering the port and handled by the Galveston labor- 
 ing man from the ships to the cars. In the table below values oi 
 goods consigned direct to Galveston will be termed "actual," tnose 
 consigned to interior ports without appraisement at this port "in 
 transit" and those consigned to foreign countries through thij port 
 "in bond:" , „ ^ 
 
 Month— Actual. In Transit. In Bond. 
 
 July $71,398 $10,692 $60,301 
 
 August 108,440 18,849 168,324 
 
 Sp-^tember 117,661 10,310 118,254 
 
 October 134,529 143,324 89,050 
 
 November 109,773 154,203 150,416 
 
 December 141,303 18,750 18,984 
 
 januarA^ 404,970 164,454 72,202 
 
 lebruar- 36,595 7,236 8,160 
 
 March 114,519 21,741 165,653 
 
 Anril 99,881 88,028 12,206 
 
 Mav 8i;,829 64,555 2,540 
 
 June '.'....' 83,447 116,832 34,351 
 
 Total $1,511,345 $819,242 $902,451 
 
 Grand total of foreign goods handled during the fiscal year of 1902-03 
 on the Galveston wharves, $3,233,039. 
 
 o 
 
 FIRST COTTON PORT. 
 
 From the Galveston Tribune, Jan. 12, 1904. 
 
 "Galveston is this season maintaining her prestige as the leading 
 port of the world as never before. At this time last year New 
 Orleans was ahead of h«. - by a few thousand bales, but now Galveston 
 leads bv about half a million bales. It is not at all probable that this 
 advantage will be overcome before the end of the season, and for the 
 first time in her historv the Texas port will have the proud satisfac- 
 tion of ponng as the greatest of cotton ports. This is as much a 
 matter of pride to Texas generally as to the Pirate Isle." 
 
 The foregoing verv pleasant editorial expression of the San Antonio 
 Express is appreciated by Galveston, and its prediction that this port 
 will close the cotton season in the lead is sure to be verified. The 
 
Express is in error, though, in the statement that this will be Gal- 
 veston's first year at the head of the hst of cotton ports. The season 
 of 1898-99 closed with Galveston ahead of New Orleans over 100,000 
 bales. The following season the inundation of the cotton fields along 
 the bottoms of the Brazos and tributary streams wiped out an enor- 
 mous amount of cotton that would have come to this port, hence New 
 Orleans again led. During the next season we were visited by the 
 hurricane which set the port back somewhat, but now Galveston is 
 
 irtoooeciftMc-. eoo 
 
 i-l-^CO-fiOi-iCOOlfS 
 
 oT o* «c Lffl 00 e<f as o M 
 
 C-^ OO" OO CC O O' O" O CK ,-(' 
 
 •^ CO • OO t- t~ 05 C^ t- C<1 CO 
 
 CO C<1 • l> 1— I CO ■* ID (M i-H (M 
 
 cot- • 00 in in M CO -^ <« t~ 
 
 c^fin !i>^cot:f«5t>-'crr-**co'' 
 
 inco . o CO o oc in 00 CO th 
 
 ?0 CO . M t- t- Oi M 5^ ?o 
 
 >ci . c<i 1—1 
 
 o-^inooLnyscct^T-nDc—OT-^OT-i 
 
 OtOOCOMt^C-^-^-^^OOlOi-l 
 
 ot^oiinM S5^ ■* o s<i m -^ c- o t-^ 
 oO'iSC-^co'Mt-^aJ'tD" o'ai'i-rodc-^^rTod 
 t>. S5 ift o «e 05 00 CO 5 in i-H ^ 
 (M 1— I oj 00 1-1 oj 1— I CO n o s^ 
 
 i>.cooo >cininaioooi-ic<i 
 Lne<i->»<OGioo^t-Mt:-T-i 
 
 O CD M^I^ 00 i-H CJ^Oi CO C-^CS 
 O* •^'' CD* M C^* "*" ■*' CO Cd' CD •** 
 
 0ia50coe<iaioooi-i->j<,-i 
 
 COO-^^^CDOiClS^O'COCO 
 
 co'inM'eo'o i-Tco 
 
 0( 
 
 Ol'-^^-- -- - 
 
 (^■^■^^^CO-^ii-ICO^Tj^CvJCD 
 
 in'^Oico-^t-^'^'^coi— t 
 
 COCjt-CDt-C<lt^C<lCD<M 
 
 C<5 !J5 "^^^^ in C3 (M 00 -^ T-H 
 
 cDcT-^inin cd'w 
 
 KS^ 
 
 CO 
 
 
 ft"? 
 
 
 ai:;. 
 
 coming into her own, and from this season forward the Texas port 
 will prove to be the leading cotton shipping port of the world, as 
 Texas is the first cotton producing State of the Union. 
 
 In addition to the shipments direct to foreign countries, the regular 
 steamers of the Mallory and Southern Pacific lines took out a large 
 amount of cotton wool, hides, sugar, canned goods, wines, copper 
 bullion ana many other commodities which are not enumerated in the 
 summary given above. 
 
 40 
 
GALVESTON OF TODAY. 
 
 New Orleans Editor's Handsome Tribute to the People of This City. 
 
 Mr. J. M. Leveque, the briliant editor and 
 
 owner of the Harlequin 
 
 Tlo.enbers: Monument to the Heroes of Texas Independence. 
 
 41 
 
and Dublished a report, of which the following is an extract: 
 
 "In the heart of Galveston there stands a magrnificent statue com- 
 memorating the heroism of those great Texans who, through a. toil of 
 hardship, doubt and disaster, founded the splendid Republic. 
 
 "Looking from opposite sides of the column are two bronzes of 
 heroic size, figures of women, representing respectively 'Courage' and 
 'Honor.' 
 
 "I do not know whetner it be the rare excellence of the sculptor's 
 art or the emotions that surged upon me as I looked at them, but it 
 sc2ms to me no one can Iook upon ana ever afterward forget either 
 of these faces. The towering purpose of the one, the clear-eyed gaze, 
 the sweet, sedate, inexplicabb^ unapr»roachable, yet tender simplicity 
 of the other, each chisel themselves out in the memory and the 
 imagination and set themselves up there— memories for a lifetime. 
 
 "It seems to me that both these expressions might fittingly stand 
 for the modern heroes of Galveston as well as for those illustrious 
 rons of early Texas. Greater courage, higher honor, was never 
 enhibited by a people than that with which Galvestonians have 
 reclaimed their citv from the wreck and ravage of a storm which 
 will go down as the greatest single catastrophe in history. 
 
 "I spent a dav in Galveston last week. I had not seen the city in 
 r'ne years. To such a one tnere is scarcely a scar left by the storm. 
 The stout men of Galv ton are rebuilding the former confidence and 
 p.estige with a care, cunning, soliditv and thoroughness not second to 
 that they have emplo- cd in obliterating the physical traces of the 
 storm. They have reached a stage of success on this gigantic under- 
 takincr marking them giants of courage and stamping them men of 
 the highest honor, for so genuine a love of home is the highest type 
 of honor. 
 
 "It was mv privilege to talk to several of the Galvestonians who 
 were chief factors in the great reviving confidence at a time when 
 stout-hearted, clear-headed men were needed— young men, too, men 
 commanding great interests centered in Galveston. They exhibit the 
 superlative degree of reviving confidence in Galveston. There is no 
 sham in their attitude of mind. They view with calm vision the 
 central fact that vast calamities may happen to the happiest of cities 
 an-^'where, at any time; that such an one as befell Galveston has never 
 before happened in history, and that the unimpeachable logic of the 
 lavV of chance in the world is that it will never happen again. In 
 addition to this is the absolute guarantee of a tremendous protection 
 T^ro.iect which, besides its physical utility, is the surest possible 
 evidence of the city's' self-confidence. 
 
 GATEWAY TO THE SOUTHWEST. 
 
 Situated as is Galveston, the nearest seaport to the great states of 
 Texas, Indian and Oklahoma Territories, Kansas, Colorado and New 
 Mexico, she is the natural outlet for their products which passed 
 through during the season 1901-02 to the value of $yb.l81,428 the staple 
 articles being cotton, of which she handled last year 2,000,000 bales; 
 Cotton Seed Products, the total value of exports last year oeing 
 $5,330,750; Grain, of which 15,000,000 bushels r»assed through her elevators 
 during the season 1900-01, an amount which will be greatly exceeded 
 the coming year, receipts up to December 1st bein°^ double those of the 
 corresponding period last season; Live Stock, the total exports Icjt 
 year being valued at $126,238. While the above commodities represent 
 the bulk of the export trade, there are a number of other articles in 
 which the volume of traffic is fast increasing and bids fair to assume 
 large proportions in a short time — Rice and its products, lumber, logs, 
 staves, ore, flour and packing house products. One of the encouraging 
 features of the shipping business at Galveston is the increase of the 
 import traffic, commodities to the amount of $1,192,758 being imported 
 last year, an increase of 24 per cent over previous season. Notwith- 
 standing the fine showing made in foreign trade, it is the coast wise 
 traffic that the greatest strides nave been made. The transfer of i.ie 
 Southern Pacific Steamship Terminals from Mew Orleans to Galveston 
 has ben an important factor, while the rapid growth and prosperity of 
 Texas whole and coact country in particular, will account for a large 
 share of the increase and assure its permanence. To tell the whole 
 story in a nutshell— Galveston's total shipping business during the 
 season 1901-02 was $260,837,354. 
 
 42 
 
THE RAISING OF THE GRADE. 
 
 BY THE GRADE RAISING BOARD. 
 
 On November 22, 1901, the Board of Commissioners of the City of 
 Galveston appointed a Board of Engineers, consisting of Brigadier 
 General H. M. Roberts, United States Army (retired); Alfred Noble 
 and H. C. Ripley, engineers of national renown, to devise a plan for 
 the protection of Galveston against destructive overflows. 
 
 On January 25, 1902. this board submitted a plan calling for the con- 
 struction of a solid concrete wall and the raising of the city 
 grade. This raising of the graae was not only intended to furnish a 
 solid backing for the seawall, but also to prevent the water from the 
 Gulf, in the severest storms, from ever reaching a depth in the city 
 dangerous to life or property, and at the same time to furnish suffi- 
 
 nsin ipTffff^i-"*' 'C 
 
 BB^- 
 
 Medical College Buildinj 
 
 cient elevation for drainage and sewerage to the part of the city 
 lying south of Broadway. The plan for protection submitted by 
 this Engineering Board, was adopted as the best that could possibly 
 be devised. 
 
 The County of Galveston (of which the city proper furnished eighty 
 per cent of the taxable values), through the Commissioners' Court, 
 agreed to construct the granite concrete seawall, providing a one- 
 hunared-and-flfty-foot right oi way and filling for same, with the 
 understanding that the city would, if possible, undertake the task of 
 raising the grade. Not being financially able to carry out this plan 
 alone, the aid of the State was sought by the city, with the result 
 that the Twenty-seventh Legislature donated, for grade raising pur- 
 poses, the State ad valorem taxes and a part of the occupation and 
 poll taxes collected ^n tne property and from persons in the City of 
 
Galveston for a period of two years. The amount received from the 
 State under this act is approximately $140,000. Acting under a platform 
 demind unanimously adopted at the last Democratic State Conven- 
 tion, the Twenty-eighth Legislature mcrcased this donation by 
 
 
 granting the same taxes for fifteen years additional, and extended 
 same so as to cover taxes collected from property and persons in tne 
 entire county, instead of confining same to city alone. The Legislature 
 further authorized the city to issue for grade raising purposes Donas 
 
 44 
 
to the amount of two million dollars at a rate not to exceed five per 
 cent per annum, and also declared the money donated by the State 
 to be a trust fund for the purpose of aiding the City of Galveston 
 in paying: the interest rnd sinking runa on said bond issue. At the 
 present tax rate and assessed valuation the amount to be received 
 from the State is estimated at between $70,000 and $75,000 per annum, 
 or, approximately, $1,000,000 for the entire fifteen years. As the city 
 improves and taxable values increase, the State donation multiplies. 
 The rit^' utilizing the sinking fund of us different bond issues, also 
 the first two years taxes received from the State, will purchase from 
 time to time one-third of the entire issue of $2,000,000 grade raising 
 bonds, the remainder oi said issue to be either sold for cash or else 
 deiiverea in part payment to the contractor. 
 
 The Legislature, througn a charter amendment, also provided for 
 tne appointment by the Governor of me State of three resident 
 citizens of Galveston to constitute a board for the management, 
 control and direction of said grade raising, said board to be styled 
 
 Rosenberg Library. 
 Residence of D. B. Henderson to the Left. 
 
 the "Grade Raising Boaid of the City of Galveston." On May 19, 1903, 
 the Governor appointed Captain J. P. Alvey, John Sealy and E. R. 
 Cheeseborough. This board electee, as consulting engineer Captain C. 
 S. Riche, United States Army, who for six years past has been in 
 charge of the Government Engineer's office at Galveston. This selec- 
 tion gave universal satisfaction, as Captain Riche is generally recog- 
 nized as an engineer of splendid ability and of unquestioned inte.L;rity. 
 Mr. H. T. Wilson, a local engineer of wide experience, acting under 
 the direction of Captain Riche, has made a very careful survey of 
 the city, and his report shows that the amount of filling that will be 
 required for the territory south of the north line of Broadway, 
 extending to the Gulf, and also east of the west line of Thirteenth 
 street will be 11,243,900 cubi^ yards. 
 
 45 
 
The Board of Engineers in their report call for the raising of the 
 city grade to eignt tcet above mean low tide at Avenue A, fronting on 
 Galveston Bay; ten feet at Avenue J, or Broadway; twelve feet at 
 Avenue P, and continuing tnis slope to top of seawall at the Gulf of 
 Mexico, seventeen feet, th'is forming a rise of one foot in fifteen 
 hundred feat from the Bay to the Gulf. 
 
 On December 11th 1903, the Grade Raising Board awarded the con- 
 tract for raising the grade of the city to P. C. Goedhart and Lindon 
 W. BatL ; of 74 Broadv.ay, New YoiK;, unon a basis of 18^ cents per 
 cubic yard for filling in place, the total price being $1,938,175, and the 
 County of Galveston, which is buiiaing the seawall, contracted for 
 the filling on the 100-foot strip back of the wall, upon a basis of 20 
 cents, . -' a total of $142,570, or a grana total of $2,080,745. 
 
 The method of securing the filling and the plan of distribution to 
 be emploved by Messrs. Goedhart anu Bates has met with generaF 
 
 John Sealy Hospital Building. 
 
 favor at Galveston. Tne plan, while novel, has been declared by all 
 the engineers interested as feasible, and one that solves a number 
 of perplexixng problems. The material is to be taken from the bay 
 and between the Government jetties by self-loading and discharging 
 and self-propelling dredges, which will steam from the excavating 
 ground through a distributing canal to pipe line stations, and then 
 discharge their loads througn pipes running down the streets and 
 avenues. This canal will parallel the seawall right of way and the 
 city proper. The eartn taken from the canal will be placed on the 
 seawall right of way, and when the contract has been complied with 
 the canal will be fill3d to graae. 
 
 The contractors are to move the houses from the canal route to 
 sites provided, rent free, by the city, and later return them to their 
 origmal locations. The city leases me lots from property owners, 
 
 46 
 
problems and the source of supply for filling will deepen the na>^gable 
 waters and channel close to the city, an improvement which will be 
 of great value. The total cost of the seawall complete and the grade 
 raising will be $3,500,000 ^ ^ ALVEY, 
 
 JOHN SEALY. 
 
 E. R. CHEESEBOROUGH, 
 
 St. Mary's Hospital and Annex. 
 HARBOR. 
 
 Only one hour from the deep sea for a laden vessel, a spacious and 
 beautiful harbor (for the further improvement of whicn the United 
 States Government has recently appropriated $1,050,000) is reacnea 
 after a short passage through the channel with a minimum depth of Z7 
 feet, protected on either side by the most magnificent system of rock 
 jetties in the world, 35 feet high, 100 feet wide at the base and over 6 
 miles in length. The available wharf frontage is perhaps unexcelled, 
 presenting a lineal space of 9 1-2 miles, all easily accessible to the city 
 without the aid of bridges or ferries, sufficient to accommodate oyer 
 500 vessels; of this about 6 miles are at present improved, consistmg 
 of 33 quays of the Galveston Wharf Company, furnishmg berths for 75 
 Ocean Steamers at one time, and the magnificent terminals of the 
 Southern Pacific Co. at which 16 vessels can be handled simultaneous- 
 ly, together comprising the greatest wharf shed room of any port in 
 the United States except New York. 
 
 47 
 
A man should believe first in himself, in his own power to will, and 
 to do. then he should have faith in humanity. 
 
 K^vccictiitoL nas oecome a tad, and Galveston takes the premium in 
 self-reliance. She nas shown the world how to work m a masterly 
 
 way. 
 
 48 
 
THE CITY AND PORT OF GALVESTON. 
 
 BY J. H. JOHNSTON, SECRETARY OP THE CHAMBER OF 
 COMMERCE. 
 
 Long before the immortal heroes of the Alamo, Goliad and San 
 Jacinto had carved the boundaries of the Lone Star State, an empire 
 in itself, the island upon which the present City of Galveston stands 
 was well known to most people in the United States and to many- 
 residents or foreign countries. The question naturally arises: Why 
 was this so? The answer is simple enough. Because this was a 
 natural port and easilv the most accessible on the entire Gulf of 
 Mexico, hence it had become at an early date the rendezvous of the 
 pirate LaFitte and his associates, possibly less historic, but no less 
 acute when the consideration was a good thing to be secured at little 
 
 ^^HHHI 
 
 
 '^'^-Sl^P^p 
 
 
 
 
 -,::;a.««S^PR?.^^f!^P fegss|it,ftft».,N(; w C ST FROM COU H f HOUSE 1 
 
 View of Portion of the City, Showing Central Park. 
 
 cost. Galveston Island had then, as it has today, the most delightful 
 climate to be found anywhere in the broad Southland. 
 
 After LaFitte and his followers had either reformed or departed 
 for less desirable quarters, in this world or the next, Galveston Island 
 was settled by an energetic and enterprising class of people, who 
 promptlv set about building a town, which ror a long time to come was 
 to be the commercial center as well as ine chief por of the great 
 Southwest. Difficulties in plenty ihere were to contend with on 
 account of the undevelr^^ed state of the country and lack of facilities, 
 but the people had in them the stuff of which heroes are made and 
 which they transmitted to their offspring to be later displayed when 
 the eyes of the entire world were centered on this storm-stricken com- 
 munity. Such were the people who built "the Oleander City," as it is 
 
 49 
 
commonly called, and who by their own efforts and with final assist- 
 ance of the Federal Government established the harbor and port of 
 which the following was written prior to September. 1900: 
 
 "Galveston harbor is one of the most impressively beautiful in Uie 
 world. Stretching- for miles in a great semi-circle, the ship channel 
 sweeps by the greatest system of docks in the South and out to sea 
 through the most magnificent system of jetties in the world. Here 
 may i->p seen elevators, towering jiigh above the tallest masts in the 
 harbor, where grain and coal are handled by the millions of bushels 
 and hundreds of thousands of tons; the endless warehouses where the 
 crops of many Stater, mi^rht be stored; also every adjunct of a modern 
 busy, deep water port, from a gas buov to a big ship on a marine 
 railway. 
 
 "Galveston naturalb'^ commands the commerce of Texas, but in 
 addition to it is the gateway to the sea for that wide expanse of 
 Trans-Miss ssippi country that is termed the supply house of the 
 
 ffififl!? 
 
 Galveston County Court House. 
 
 world. Kansas is tne cc^.tral State o the United States, and Galveston 
 is the nearest port to that center. 
 
 "Before the Federal Government instituted the great work of devel- 
 cning a deep water harbor on the Gulf of Mexico, the products of the 
 Trans-Mississippi country were subject to the control of the ports of 
 the Atlantic seaboard. To relieve the producers of the West from 
 the excessive cost of long overland hauls and to give them the benefit 
 of proximity to the sea, the Federal Government determined to 
 develon upon the Gulf of Mexico, at the most favorable location, a 
 deep water port of the first class. Galveston was selected as the 
 most available by reason of geographical and natural advantages, and 
 it was here that the Government expended $8,000,000 on a jetty system 
 that is one of the marvels of marine engineering. 
 
 50 
 
"It has been stated by an emineut authority that the Government 
 never made a better investment than in deepening the water of Gal- 
 veston harbor. It is said that in the lessening of the transportation 
 charges on one crop of Kansas grain alone the jetties have paid for 
 themselves. 
 
 •However that may be, the making of a deep water port at Galves- 
 ton has wroueht a revolution in the transportation of the worlu. The 
 tide of commerce in tne West has turned gulfward, and in the four 
 years that Galveston has been accorded recognition a mighty change 
 has I een taking place. 
 
 Scottish Rite Cathedral. 
 
 "In 1898 Galveston became the first cotton shipping port of the 
 world. In that year this port handled 2,300,000 bales of cotton. This 
 year Galveston will rank third in the list of grain ports. Five years 
 ago Galveston handled no export grain, but so marvelous has been 
 the growth of this business that within ten years Galveston will not 
 only be the first cotton shipping port, but the first grain port of the 
 world. Galveston is essentially a commercial city. It always will be. 
 Its life is the lire of ships and rails. One-eighth of the corporate 
 space— all that fronting on the bay shore— is a maze of tracks, docks 
 
 51 
 
and warehouses. Another eighth is given over to stores and offices, 
 while the remaining three-fourths make up the residential section of 
 the city. 
 
 "In addition to its magnificent harbor and splendid wharf system, 
 Galveston can boast of excellent railroad facilities. The Gulf, Colorado 
 and Santa Fe, the Galveston, Houston and Henderson, the Galveston, 
 Houston and Northern, and the Gulf and Interstate Railroads find 
 entrance here. The Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe is the Southern leg 
 of the great Atch.son, Topeka and Santa Fe system, that spreads out 
 from Chicago to the Pacific; the Galveston, Houston and Henderson is 
 the terminal line for the International and Great Northern and Mis- 
 souri, Kansas and Texas lines, and the Galveston, Houston and 
 Northern is the terminal line £or the Southern Pacific system. The 
 Gulf and Interstate is a short line to Beaumont, tapping the great 
 lumber belt of East Texas and West Louisiana. These four lines 
 
 Residence of Mrs. J. M. Brown. 
 
 make .he hanale or stem from which the railroads of Texas spread 
 out in lan-like form. 
 
 "There is no citv in the South with so many beautiful homes in 
 proportion to the populate n or so many evidences of the benefactions 
 of its wealthy citizens. Chief among the public benefactors were 
 Henry Rosenberg, John Sealy and George Ball. Mr. Rosenberg left 
 to the people such noble ornaments of his life as the Rosenberg 
 School, the Orphans Home, the Letitia Rosenberg Home for Women, 
 the Young Men's Christian Association, the monument commemor- 
 ating the valorous deeds of the men who fought the war for Texas 
 independence, sixteen drinking fountains for man and beast, built at 
 
 52 
 
convenient places throughout the city, and the $500,000 Rosenberg 
 library. These benefactions represent about $1,000,000. 
 
 "John Sealy donated the hospital that bears his name, the largest 
 and best eauipped institution ot the kind in the State of Texas. 
 
 "George Ball gave to the city the High School, in which so many 
 of the youth of Galveston have completed their education and which 
 is today the crown to the magnificent school system of the city. 
 
 "It is not remarkable that Galveston should be so favored. The 
 city is, per capita, the third richest community in the United States, 
 and the money center of the Southwest. The ten banks of Galveston 
 supply or diffuse the monev that moves the crops of the Southwest, 
 .' nd they have available assets of approximately $15,000,000. ' 
 
 Galveston After the Storm. 
 
 It is far away from my inclination, even had I the space, to dwell 
 
 Rosenberg School. 
 
 vr\on the harrowing scenes resulting from one of the most appalling 
 catastrophes of modern times, wnich overtook Galveston on Septem- 
 ber 8, 1900. 
 
 Suffice it to say that from a city absolutely ruined, as many out- 
 siders confidently asserted, with 4131 homes entirely demolished or 
 washed away, and every other dwelling, store, office anu factory very 
 considerably damaged, with an actual financial los3 oi not less than 
 $18,000,000, and, worse, a thousand times than any commercial loss, 
 the destruction of approximately 6000 human beings, we have today 
 one of the most beautiful cities in the South, with a population 
 steadily growing, of not less than 35,000 energetic and enthusiastic 
 people. It is idle to deny the fact that we lost some good citnens 
 after the great storm on account of the ruin wrought to their busi- 
 
ness: but it is gratifying to note how promptly and joyfully thay have 
 .rned as roon as the business interests of the city, upon which 
 l^«^,J'^''''"'^^'^'r.''T'"^ rehabilitated. Tae complete restoration and thP 
 resources oi Galveston of todav 
 
 follows: 
 
 mplete restoration and the 
 .nay be briefly summarized as 
 
 Galveston Now. 
 
 (-o?,?^ f ?^^^J^^ ^"^^ ^^^ Southwest, located on the eastern end of 
 C^alveston Island and county seat of Galveston County. Alternates 
 with New Orleans as the first cotton port of the world; first cotton 
 seed products port and, in totals of all commodities, the third largest 
 exnorting point in the United States. Has fifty-eight lines of stelm- 
 eis to foreign coun cries, carrying both passengers and freight and 
 reaching all European ports from the Baltic to the Mediterranean, 
 Cuba. Mexico South America, South Africa, China and Japan Reg- 
 ular steamship service is maintained throughout the entire year with 
 l^iverpool, London, Belfast, Bremen, Antwerp, Havre, Cuban and 
 
 "1*lf* 
 
 1^1*'; 
 
 Residence of Charles Fowler. 
 
 Mexican norts, with sailings varying from weekly to monthly, accord- 
 ing to Lne trade. Has three coastwise steamship lines, namely two 
 to New York, and one to Brownsville, besides the numerous" tank 
 steamers, schooners ana barges engaged in the oil, lumber and mer- 
 chanuise traffic to sma ler points in the immediate vicinity of Gal- 
 \eston. Has an average of twenty-seven feet of water in the channel, 
 maintained by rock jetties twelve miles in length, which will be deep- 
 ened when the jetties are completed. Has six miles of complete v^^horf- 
 age all covered with sheds and reached by tracks constructed of 
 seventy-pound steel ran and containing about fitty miles of terminal 
 trackage. The wharf front is being constantly extended, for which 
 there is lineal space in Galveston Bay of about forty miles, owned 
 by the State, City, corporations and iiidividuals. Has four export 
 grain elevators with a total storage capacity of 3,750,000 bushels, and 
 
 lofC. 
 
one cleaning and conditioning elevator. Galveston is only one hour 
 from the deep sea for a laden steamer. 
 
 During 1901 $3,932,500 was spent in Galveston for permanent improve- 
 ments, which are now on a more solid basis than ever before. The 
 waterworks, fire department, street lighting and sewerage plants are 
 owned bv the city; in addition to which there are two electric light 
 companies and one gas company. 
 
 Galveston has the finest and largest electrical street car system of 
 anv citv of its size in the United States, consisting of thirty-five miles 
 oi track, a very modern fuel oil power house and an electric lighting 
 plant. It has thirteen hotels, besides summer resorts open during the 
 Lathing season, for which we have twenty-eight miles of the finest 
 beacfi in the world. 
 
 An important part of Galveston's trade is wholesale, of which there 
 are a lar«^e numoer of establishments carrying all lines, such as dry 
 goods, notions, groceries, wines, liquors, clothing, haberdashery, 
 
 Residence of Mrs. Geo. Sealy. 
 
 produce, feed stuffs, hardware, crockery, farm machinery, cement, 
 drugs, fruit and many specialties. It is the largest distributing market 
 for bagging and ties in the United States. 
 
 Galveston of the Future. 
 
 Even at this early date we are begmning to appreciate the fact that 
 the great storm of September 8, 1900, was but a blessmg in disguise, 
 so far as the business interests of the town are concerned; and in the 
 ^•:ars to come the citizens of Galveston will looK back on their great 
 flood as do the people of J^ondon and Chicago on their fires, which 
 really mark the first true beginnings of these great municipalities, 
 
 56 
 
 
Prior to that storm chere were some dissenters to almost every move- 
 ment proposed for the welfare of our city. The kinship established by 
 adversity and the need of united action has practically made of our 
 citizens one vast brotherhood. As an illustration we may cite the 
 followine: incident: 
 
 An election of the taxpavin? voters, of which there were 3219, was 
 held on March 19, 1902, for the purpose of authorizing the issuance of 
 bonds to the amount of $1,500,000 for the construction of a seawall 
 which will absolutely prevent the possibility of a recurrence of the 
 aisaster. The result of the poll was 3ii8 votes in the affirmative, 
 twenty-two in the negative and three blanks. This was remarkable; 
 but still more so was the fact that the people of Galveston County 
 actuallv suDscribed for over $1,000,000 of the seawall bonds. 
 
 A people with such a unanimity of purpose and acting through the 
 toUowing commercial bodies in absolute accord with one another, 
 namely: Cotton Exchance and Board of Trade, Maritime Association, 
 Chamber of Commerce, Business League, Oil and Stock Exchange and 
 Builders' Exchange, are certain to attain great results. 
 
 Residence of W. L. Moody, Jr. 
 
 The develonment o£ tna Coast Country of Texas, on account of the 
 cheapness of fuel oil for irrip^ation purposes and the adaptability of 
 the soil to the growth of fruit, melons, vegetables, sugar and rice, 
 all of which is of the most direct advantage to Galveston, will increase 
 the jobbing business of the town one hundred per cent within the 
 next five years. 
 
 With a location as rate basing point and gateway of the grand ter- 
 ritory lying west of the Mississippi River, the population and prosper- 
 ity of which territory is increasing oy leaps and bounds; with fuel 
 cil in unlimited Quantities only fsventy miles distant, thus giving us 
 the cheapest fuel in tne world for manufacturing, railroad and 
 steamship purposes; with the early construction of an Isthmian Canal 
 assured, thus enabling us to supply the packing house products, flour, 
 rice, etc., tribiitary to this port, m return for the coffee, sugar, 
 
 57 
 
Ij nanas and other products of Central and South American countries; 
 with $10 000,000, the greater portion of which has already been appro- 
 nriated to be expendea in the city and harbor within the next five 
 vears and with climate unsurpassed, it is certainly no exaggeration 
 to '^tate that this place is todav onp of thp ^nct flnnrishine- beautiful 
 
 O 
 
 and healthful gaitien t^puis ui.utr itie oiue vault of heaven. It should 
 be the South's second citv before 1925. 
 
 FISHING AND HUNTING AROUND GALVESTON. 
 
 John F. Kelley of San Antonio has always been a staunch admirer 
 
 58 
 
of Galveston, into which city he often makes business trips, and finds 
 time now and then to enjoy a little sport of the rod and gun kind. 
 
 "People of this city do not actually realize the value of their beau- 
 tiful city as a winter as well as a summer resort," said Mr. Kelly, on 
 his last visit here. "There isn't such a climate elsewhere the year 
 round. There is noting like it. Even the much-vaunted Florida coast 
 resorts are not to be compRrpd to it. Neither is New Orleans for th«»t 
 
 iixct^.i^-, lUi Liic v^.to^ct v_.o -■:- i-^- ctv^dv i.iiiii .'-ait water. You not 
 only have a great health and seaside resort but \uu have a metropolis 
 where all the enjoyment of city life can be had witn the other pleas- 
 ures thrown in. I've frequented Long Branch. Newport. Atlantic City, 
 Coney Island, Bar Harbor and other places— even the California mid- 
 winter resorts— and none of them are to be mentioned in the same 
 breath with your beautiful island city. Take the beach alone, ^xere 
 you have an unbroken stretch of thirty-odd miles, without a rock with 
 
 59 
 
which to endanger the lives of those who love plunging in the surf, 
 and there is absolutely no danger to bathers who do not attempt 
 to go beyond their depths when a heavy surf is on. There are times 
 when you can go out several hundred yards in the water before 
 reaching a dangerous depth. Another beauty about the bathing here 
 is that one can enjoy it the whole year round. It's just the same to 
 me whether I take a dip in July or wait until the chilly winds of mid- 
 winter come along. A peculiarity about the surf here is that even 
 on days which you really consider cold, the surf is always fairly 
 warm and there is no danger whatever in taking a plunge. 
 
 "Then as a drive this beach is in a class b-- itself. The firm sand, 
 packed hard by the waves, is of tne consistency of iron and is as 
 smooth as a ball room floor. Many a time I have secured a rid and 
 driven down the beach to San Luis pass, at the other end of the 
 island, and then come up on the bay shore, finu^ng as good driving 
 
 Laying Corner Stone Stone of Sacred Heart Church. 
 
 on one side as the other, to say nothing of enjoving the exhilarating 
 breezes that blow off the gulf. 
 
 "What better fishing or hunting can be found, either? In the former 
 you have as many choice of ways as there are finny denizens of the 
 waters hereabouts. One can take a boat and ""o down west bay or 
 past Bolivar up towaras the bayou. Then there is open gulf. What 
 better would you want than get a pole or handline and secure a nook 
 on the big rock out at the jetties, where the fish lairly beg to be taken 
 out of the water. \V hat better sport would one want than to take 
 a handline and wade out waste-deep in the surf on the beach and 
 get busy hauling out all kinds of finny prizes . For my part, though 
 what I've always really enjoyed most has been to get a good rod 
 or handline and get out on one of the wharves early in the morning, 
 and after setting three or four lines in a shad-"- spot— or, on a winter's 
 
day, some projected corner where I can "-et out of the way of the 
 cool breezes— and sit and fish to my neart's content. I've sometimes 
 taken a book along to kill time in case the fish weren't omniverous 
 as they usually are, but I've seldom found time to do any reading, 
 so busy would I be kept pulling in my line. Wharf fishing, I find, has 
 a great attraction for women and children who do not care to venture 
 out on the bay where the least sign of a 'white cap' ripples the water. 
 At that I think wharf fishing is just about as good as any other kind, 
 for it is a cleaner, dryer and less expensive than any other way, and 
 one can get back to town much easier. I do not believe there is a 
 
 Residence of Walter Gresham. 
 
 known member of the piscatorial tribe tnat cannot be hauled out of 
 the water around Galveston. Particularly fine are the Spanish Mack- 
 erel, which taste richer to me than any I have ever eaten elsewhere 
 As for the crabs, they are uncommonly big, fat and toothsome, and so 
 easy to catch that there is really little sport in "roing after them 
 For fishing on the bay one can get boats at a really reasonable price, 
 and a day's outing in one of them when a good breeze is blowing is 
 
 61 
 
worth the money, even if a finny prize is never hauled out of the 
 water. 
 
 "As much as I love fishing," continued Mr. Kelly, "I am as g-reat a 
 crank on huntine, and here you have it in a fashion that would make 
 old Nimrod, that patron saint of sportsmen, go wild with delight 
 were that venerable personage of ancient history to return to this 
 mortal sphere once more. I have tried it both in boats and along 
 shore and I find it hard to determine which is best, both are so good. 
 When I was here last spring for a short stay I made up a party of 
 four and secured a small cabin boat large enough for our comfort and 
 fitted her out for a week's stay down the west bay. The expense of 
 fitting her out really amounted to little. We put in enough tea, coffee, 
 salt, pepper, flour, sugar, a bit of salt pork and the like, for we de- 
 pended on the sky and waters to furnish us with our food supply. 
 It did, too, with a vengeance. The boatman stated afterwards that the 
 hunting was only ordinary, but tne others in the party who were 
 northern men down here on business, stated that they never saw any- 
 thing to equal it. From early morn until the sun set below the horizon 
 we were afoot on the mainland or along the bay shore of the island 
 in pursuit of game, and had we been professional hunters we could 
 have bagged untold bunches of ducks of every variety. We explored 
 the marshes thoroue-hly, and where wounded game fell beyond our 
 reach the dogs we brought along would retrieve it for us. Wind and 
 water had no terrors for us and we would often row back to the sloop 
 at nightfall so 'dog-tired' we would drop into our bunks in our wet 
 clothes too weary to do anything but woo 'nature's sweet restorer.' 
 If we were too fagged out next morning to go abroad, we could loaf 
 around the boat and find plenty of shots to take at the ducks that 
 filled the sky overhead and dotted the marshes around us. Then there 
 were fish at hand to be had just by taking the trouble to cast our 
 lines overboard, and the boatman provided us witn all the crabs and 
 oysters fresh from the bay that we could get away with. That boat- 
 man of ours— like the general run of them— was a good cook, and the 
 meals he turned out for us would suit the tastes of the most dyspeptic 
 epicure in the world. We had ducks served in every variety conceiv- 
 able, and what he could do in the way of handling oysters and crabs 
 was almost beyond belief. He was a star nand, too, at framing up 
 biscuits and 'flap.iacks.' Those nights we spent aboard that little 
 craft were of unalloyed delight. After a hot supper washed down by 
 coffee made in the Creole style, we would get out cards and dominoes 
 to while away an hour or two and have a good bowl of hot punch 
 on the side to cheer the inner man. Then when drowsiness overtook 
 us we would pile into our bunks, wrapped up in warm blankets, and 
 soon be lulled to sleep by the splashing of the waves against the 
 sides of our boat and the whistling of the wind in the rigging over- 
 head. We only intended to stay out three days, but had such a good 
 time that we made it last more than a week, and would have made 
 the outing more protracted but for our tobacco and some other sup- 
 plies running low. 
 
 "Speaking about hunting and fishin^-. do you know that the cane- 
 brakes of Matagorda and down the west coast furnish the best kind of 
 sport for hunters who go after bear, deer and the larger kind of wild 
 animals. That country is still full of them, and it is no trouble for 
 good shots to bag all they can handle during the open season. These 
 lands are not cut up into private preserves, as is loo often the case 
 in other parts of the country, because the big landgrabbers appeared 
 to have overlooked this section entirely, anu permission can not only 
 be had for the asking, but the planters and small farmers thereaoouts 
 are only too glad to entertain such stray visiting sportsmen as may 
 happen in on them. If it wasn't such fine hunting territory you 
 wouldn't find John W. Gates and sportsmen of his caliber journey 
 thousands of miles down here for the privilege of shooting over it. 
 
 "My enthusiasm for Galveston as a hea-.h and pleasure resort, 
 summer or winter, may seem a little far-fetchea but it is genuine— 
 so genuine that it will not be long before I will be comfortably enough 
 fixed to give up my work on the road and settle down here permanent- 
 ly, where I can enjoy such God-given delights that no other section 
 of the country seems to affora. Then I'll have mv own boat on the 
 bay and a hunting camp down the island, and I'll live half the year 
 around in the open. 
 
 "When tnis grade-raising work is finished," concluded Mr. Kelly, 
 
"Galveston ought to go forward by leaps and bounds and place herself 
 foremost among our seacoast cities and become noted the country over 
 for its attractiveness— both summer and winter. The climate here is 
 simply unapproachable. For the warmest days of the year tnere is a 
 pleasant breeze blowing and one needs a blanket or like covering at 
 night. Such a thing as sunstroke is unknown. In the winter an over- 
 coat is seldom needed, and then only a light one at spare intervals. 
 I look to see that drive on the sea wall become as noted as the plank 
 walk at Atlantic City or the famous drive along the bay front at 
 Newport. With hotels, bathing pavilions, restaurants, baths and oiner 
 pleasure resorts, to say nothing of a good ball park, bicvcle track and 
 trotting park— all these combined, for instance— it would make Galves- 
 ton a magnet for the pleasure-seekers of the entire southwest during 
 the long summer, and the amount of business done with excursionists, 
 if the railroads properly work up that end of their business, would 
 be something- enormous to contemplate. Just think what a grand sight 
 that drive will be of a summer's afternoon and evening, when the 
 roadway is filled with automobiles, carriasres, bu?---ies and other pleas- 
 ure conveyances. The future greatness of Galveston is in the hands 
 of her own people, and if they do not brin^- it about it will be their 
 own fault." 
 
 FACTS ABOUT GREATER GALVESTON. 
 
 The fourth exporting city in the United States. Rapidly growing im- 
 port trade. The chief seaport of the southwest. Destined to be the 
 commercial center of Texas. Its geographical location as well as the 
 natural advantages of its harbor contribute to its greatness. 
 
 o 
 
 TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES. 
 
 To handle this immense traffic, unsurpassed transportation facilities 
 are offered, there being 28 steamship lines plaving between Galveston 
 and foreign ports, most of them regular lines operating as fine steam- 
 ers as enter any port south of Mew lork, and four coast wise lines; 
 the Mallory and Southern Pacific to New York, which together give 
 five sailings each week to that port, an^ one line each to Brownsville 
 and Port Arthur, Texas, the two last mentioned having been estab- 
 lished during the last year. By land the city is served by seven rail- 
 roads of which four are trunk lines; the Southern Pacific furnishes a 
 through line to San Francisco and New Orleans; the Santa Fe to 
 Chicago, Kansas City and Colorado; and the M. K. & T. and I. & G. N. 
 to St. Louis, Memphis, Kansas City and Omaha, while it has been 
 authoritatively announced that the Rock Island will furnish another 
 line to Kansas and Colorado in the near future, and most important of 
 all, that the Santa Fe will extend its New Mexico line to a connec- 
 tion with its Texas System, affordinp- another through line to Cali- 
 fornia. 
 
 THE CITiT. 
 
 Now that the great sea wall which assures absolute immunity from 
 overflow is almost completed, the Citv of Galveston is taking on new 
 activity. Business during the past year has been excellent. Bank 
 Clearings amounting to $372,238,800 and postoffice receipts, always a 
 gauge of the prosperity of a town, agp-'-'^ating $140,846, an increase of 
 60 per cent over preceeding year. Tne jobing houses, for which the 
 city offers the choicest facilities on account of its location with re- 
 spect to rail and water shipments, are being enlarged, preparatory to 
 handling the enormously increased traue which will come with che 
 rehabilitation of the Gulf and Interstate Rv. to Eastern Texas, the 
 building of the proposed short line to San Antonio as well as the com- 
 pletion of the coast country canal whicxi will furnish light draft 
 inland waterways to all the coast country towns. The city owns and 
 operates its own system of waterworks, sewerage and electric lights, 
 and has the best and most economical government of any city in tne 
 state. As a manufactoring point as well as a distributing center to 
 
the whole Trans-Mississippi country for all goods which are either 
 imported from foreign countries or manufactured in the great centers 
 of the east, Galveston is the natural location, which is evidenced by 
 the fact that she is already the largest distributing market for bag- 
 ging and ties in the United States and for many other commodities 
 her importance is increasing, indeed, if Texans will only patronize 
 home industry, and use the Texas port to the exclusion of cities out- 
 side of the state, which have no real interest in the prosperity of 
 Texas, Galveston, with all its natural facilities, advantages as a resi- 
 dential city, amongst which are included a nealthful climaie, the 
 weather being comparatively cool in summer and warm in winter, 
 magnificent street car system, fine surf bataing and deep sea fishing, 
 will in the next few years become one of the largest cities as well as 
 one of the greatest commercial centers inthesouth. 
 
 WHY YOU SHOULD COME TO GALVESTON. 
 EXPORTER OR IMPORTER. 
 
 Because we have twenty-eight (28) steamship lines to an^i from 
 foreign ports in Europe and other countries with new accessions each 
 month. Frequent and regular service to New York, Brownsville, Port 
 Arthur, West Indies, Mexico and Central America. 
 
 JOBBER. 
 
 Because we have the benefit of the low water rates inbound and 
 first-class railroad service outbound. Car supply inexhaustible. 
 
 RTEAILER. 
 
 Because the money earned each week along the wharf front inci- 
 dent to the enormous shipping business, without taking into account 
 the various other industries of a city, is bound to insure a fine retail 
 trade. 
 
 CLIMATH,. 
 
 Delightful does not express it. Highest temperature recorded in 
 thirty years, 98 degrees; lowest, 8 degrees. Average annual tempera- 
 ture 69 degrees. 
 
 PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 
 
 Court House— Twentieth street and Avenue H. 
 PostoflJice and Cuscom House— Twenty-fifth and Cnurch streets. 
 City Hall— Twentieth and Market streets. 
 Cotton Exchange— Twenty-first and Mechanic streets. 
 State Medical School— Tenth and Strand. 
 Sealy Hospital— Ninth and Strand. 
 Breckenridge Hall— Ninth and Strand. 
 St. iviary's Infirmary— Seventh and Market. 
 T. M. C. A.— Tremont and Winnie. 
 "Woman"s Home— Twenty-fifth and Avenue C^. 
 Orphan's Home — Twenty-first street and Avenue M. 
 Ursuline Convent— Avenue N, Twenty-fift.. to Twenty-seventh 
 streets. 
 
 Ball High School— Avenue H and Twenty-first street. 
 Rosenberg School— Twelth street, between Avenues G and H. 
 Masonic Temple— Twenty-first and Postoffice streets. 
 Scottish Rite Cathedral— Twenty-second and Church. 
 St. Mary's Orphan Asylum— Northeast corner K and Forty-first. 
 Rosenberg Library— Tremont and Avenue I. 
 
 CIT\ PARKS. 
 
 Sidney Sherman Park— Between Tenth, Eleventh, G and H. 
 Central Park— Between Twentieth, Twenty-first, G and H. 
 West End Park— Between Fortieth, Forty-first, G and H. 
 
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