•'-'^^,- ..\ :;.;\i r '-'■■#^^^v^;^ ••■ -'M XXVNXVVX i43^< -VJY-c^\-^Vv/,f9^ i'^^M^^ m A BRIEF COMPEND OF THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES, ARRANGED FOR THE USE OF TEACHERS AND PUPILS. >oj« George Washington. Government organized; Revenue provided for. 2 John Adams. Alien and Sedition Laws. 3 Thomas Jeflerson. Purchase of Louisiana. 4 James Madison. War of 181 2 with Fngland. 5 James Monroe. Monroe Doctrine; Missouri Compromise. 6 John Q. Adams. Prosperity; First Railroad in United States; "American System." 7 Andrew Jackson. Rotation in office; S. C. NuUification. 8 Martin Van Buren. Financial Crisis of 1837. 9 Wm. H. Harrison. Office Seekers. lO John Tyler. Annexation of Texas. II James K. Polk. Mexican War. 12 Zachary Taylor. Slaverv Questions discussed. 13 Millard Fillmore. " Omnibus Bill." 14 Franklin Pierce. Kansas and Nebraska Bill; Gadsden Pur- chase. 15 James Buchanan. Slaverv Question discussed ; John Brown's Raid. 16 Abraham Lincoln. The Civil War. 17 Andrew Johnson. Reconstruction. 18 Ulysses S. Grant. Pacific Railroad and "Centennial"; Ala- bama Claims. 19 Rutherford B. Hayes. Railroad Strike ; U. S. Troops withdrawn from South. 20 Jame; A. Garfield. " Star Route Frauds " exposed. His Assassination. 21 Chester A. Arthur. Foreign Policv. 22 Grover Cleveland. Civil Service Reforms. (24) cywD vo OS N CS t^OO 00 ^o>->ooLONM^^o^O'^ o\oo lo lo to <-• kd ro ro ^ Ti-o ^O TtLot-^vO^^ 1^00 OO 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 OO 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1 3 Federalists. Federalists. House of Reps., Republicans. Republicans. All I'arties. House of Reps. Democrats. Democrats. Whigs. Whigs. Democrats. Whigs. Whigs. Democrats. Democrats. Republicans. Republicans. Republicans. Republicans. Republicans. Republicans, Democrats. 1 i 8 years. 4 years. 8 years. 8 years. 8 years. 4 years. 8 years. 4 years. I month. 3 yrs. lo mo. 26 ds. 4 years. 1 yr. 4 mo. 5 ds. 2 yrs. 7 mo. 23 ds. 4 years. 4 years. 4 yrs. I mo. 1 1 ds. 3 yrs. 10 mo. 17 ds. 8 years. 4 years. 6 TOO. 15 ds. 3 yrs. 5 mo. 15 ds. 1" 1 00 OS o t^t-^oo >-i r^ c^ ro-<^rJ-Tt-rj-iy-)LO mO O MD r^OO 00 00 oocooocooooooooooooooooocooooooooooooo " " " " " " " ^- " " " " " "- " " -^-^-" - - 1 ^^^ ■^ ^ -^ -^ -"t -^o Ti-loo ^■^''^io-<*-aN'^ Apr. Mar Mar •ujog N LorO m fo Tt t^ t^ r^ «oo r^i--N mo "T+O ^'-< OnOO n m « O 1^ uo LovO vD 00 t^ ON OvOO OOONOOC^^OvO t^OO 0\ O •-< N (25) WAR OF 1812. Causes : 1. The impressment of American seamen. 2. England harassed the commerce of U.S. 3. England had emissaries among the Indians to incite them against the Americans. More than 6000 American citizens had been impressed into the British navy ; and 900 American vessels had been captured for violating England's arbitrary regulations. On May 16, 181 1, the British sloop of war, " Little Belt," off Virginia, fired into the American frigate, " President." The " President " returned the fire, and in an engagement which followed, the British sloop was disabled, 11 of her men killed, and 21 wounded. On the 19th of June, 181 2, President Madison issued a proclamation of war against Great Britain. (26) NAVAL ENGAGEMENTS. During the year 1812 the Americans were successful in every naval engagement. Dates. Where Fought. Vessels. CommandefS. 1812. Off Massachu- Am. Frig. Constitution. Hull. Aug. 19. setts. Br. Frig. Guerriere. Dacres. Off North Car- Am. Sloop Wasp. Jones. Oct. 15. olina. Br. Brig Frolic. Whinyates. 1813. " Don't give up the ship." Massachusetts Am. Frig. Chesapeake. Lawrence. June I. Bay. Br. Frigate Shannon. Broke. " We have met the en- emy and they are ours." Sept. 10. Lake Erie. Am. 9 vessels, 54 guns. Br. 6 vessels, 63 guns. Perry. Barclay. 1814. Lake Cham- Am. 14 vessels, 86 guns. McDonough. Sept. II. plain. Br. 17 vessels, 95 guns. Downie. (27) PRINCIPAL LAND BATTLES OF THE WAR OF 1812. Dates. Battles. Commanders. Men Engaged. ri American. British. Am. Brit. ^ s I8l2. Aug. 1 6. Detroit. Hull. 1 Brock and \ Tecumseh. ) 1200 1300 Brit. 1813. Oct. 5. Thames. Harrison. Proctor. 2500 2CXX) Am, 1814. Sept. II. Aug. 24. July 25. Plattsburg. Bladensburg. Lundy's Lane. Macomb. Winder. Brown. Prevost. Ross. Drummond. 3000 3500 3500 14000 5000 5000 Am. Brit. Am. 1815. Jan. 8. New Orleans. Jackson. Pakenham. 6000 12000 Am. A TREATY OF PEACE was signed at Ghent, Belgium, Dec. 24, 18 14. The two great points of dispute, the encroachments upon American commerce, and the impressment of American seamen, were not mentioned. However, both ceased at the close of the war. (28) MEXICAN WAR. Cause : The annexation of Texas led to the Mexican War. Texas had gained its independence and maintained it for nine years, but Mexico still claimed the territory as a part of her own, and also claimed that the Neuces was the west- ern limit of Texas. Texas claimed the Rio Grande as her western boundary line. The efforts of the United States and of Mexico to possess, occupy, and govern the territory betvyeen the Neuces and the Rio Grande rivers was the occasion of the war. The Americans were successful in every battle. (29) PRINCIPAL BATTLES OF THE WAR WITH MEXICO. Commanders. Men Engaged. Dates. Battles. American. Mexican. Am. Mex. 1846. May 8. Palo Alto. Taylor. Arista. 2300 6000 May 9. Resaca de la Palma. Taylor. Arista. 2200 5000 Sept. 24. Monterey. Taylor. Ampudia. 6600 lOCXX) 1847. Feb. 23. Buena Vista. Taylor. Santa Anna 4700 17000 Mar. 27. Vera Cruz. Scott. Morales. I20CX) 6000 Apr. 18. Cerro Gordo. Scott. Santa Anna 8500 12000 Aug. 20. Cherubusco. Scott. Santa Anna 8000 25000 Sept. 13. Chapultepec. Scott. Bravo. 7200 25000 (30) The Treaty of Peace was signed on the 2d of February, 1848, at Guadaloupe Hidalgo, a small town near the city of Mexico. The boundary line between Mexico and the United States was the Rio Grande from its mouth to the southern limit of New Mexico, thence westward along its southern boundary, and northward along its western boun- dary to the river Gila, thence down the river Gila to the Colorado, thence westward to the Pacific. All territory north of the boundary Hne, including New Mexico and California, was relinquished to the United States. On the part of the United States it was agreed that $15,000,000 should be paid for the territory, and to assume all debts due from Mexico to American citizens, said debts not to exceed $3,500,000. Peace was proclaimed by President Polk on the 4th of July, 1848. (31) SLAVERY QUESTION. 1 6 19. Introduced into Virginia. 1628. Introduced into New York. 1630. Introduced into Massachusetts. 1 660-1 6 76. Opposed by the Colonies, but fostered by Great Britain. 1 74 1. Negro plot in New York. Slavery existed in all the Colonies until 1780. After 1 780 the Northern States began to abolish Slavery. 1787. Discussed at the formation of the United States Constitution. 1808. Slave importation forbidden in United States. 1 790-1820. Laws passed against it in all States north of Mason and Dixon's line, 39° 43' 26.3". 1820. Slave trade declared piracy. Missouri Compromise. 1845. Texas admitted with privilege of holding slaves. 1846. Wilmot Proviso. 1850. Omnibus Bill. 1854. Kansas and Nebraska Act. 1 85 5-1 860. Kansas troubles. (32) 185 7- Dred Scott Decision. Personal Liberty Laws. 1859. John Brown's Raid. i860. Lincoln elected. 1863. Emancipation Proclamation. 1865. Constitutional Amendments. It is estimated that 300,000 slaves were imported into the thirteen original Colonies up to 1776. ^>e^c OMNIBUS BILL, 1850. 1. California admitted as a free State. 2. New Mexico and Utah to be organized as Territories without mention of Slavery. 3. Boundary of Texas established, and ^10,000,000 to be paid to Texas for giving up its claim to the territory of New Mexico. 4. Slave trade abolished in the District of Columbia. 5. Fugitive Slave Law. (33) STATES RIGHTS. Considered in forming the Constitution of U.S. 1794. Whiskey Insurrection in PennsyUania. 1798. Virginia and Kentucky declared the "Ahen and Sedition Laws " null and void. 1 8 14. Hartford Convention. 1832. South Carolina Nullification Act. 1850. Mississippi nominated a States Rights ticket with Jefferson Davis for Governor. Personal Liberty Laws. 1860-1861. Secession of eleven States. (34) riftb lepocb. THE CIVIL WAR. Causes : 1. Slavery Question. 2. The different construction put upon the U.S. Consti- tution by the people of the North and of the South. 3. The different systems of labor in the North and in the South. 4. The want of intercourse between the people of the North and of the South. 5 . Publication of sectional books. 6. The evil influence of demagogues. (35) PRINCIPAL BATTLES OF THE "CIVIL WAR. Dates. Ba«/es. li'/jere Fought. I86I. July 21. Bull Run. \a. April 6 and 7. Shiloh. Tenn. June 25 to July i. Seven Days' Battles, closed with Malvern Hill. Va. 1862. Sept. 17. Antietam. Md. Dec. 13. P>edericksburg. Va. Dec. 31 to Jan. 2. Murfreesboro'. Tenn. May 2 and 3. Chancellorsville. Va. July I, 2, and 3. Gettysburg. Penn. 1863. July 4- Siege of Vicksburg. Miss. Sept. 19 and 20. Chickamauga. Tenn. Nov. 25. Chattanooga. Tenn. May 5 and 6. Wilderness. Va. 1864. June 3. Cold ?larl)or. Va. Dec. 15 and 16. Nashville. Tenn. ,865. April I. April 9. Battle of Five Forks. Appomattox C. H. Va. Va. (36) PRINCIPAL BATTLES OF THE "CIVIL WAR. Commanders. Men Engaged. Army Union. Confederate. Union. Confed. Successfut. McDowell. Beauregard. 30000 30000 Confederate. Grant. Johnston. 55000 40000 Union. McClellan. Lee. 90000 60000 Union. McClellan. Lee. 80000 40000 Union. Burnside. Lee. I 20000 80000 Confederate. Rosecrans. Bragg. 45000 35000 Union. Hooker. Lee. 90000 45000 Confederate. Meade. Lee. 80000 80000 Union. Grant. Pemberton. 70000 45000 Union. Rosecrans. Bragg. 55000 50000 Confederate. Grant. Bragg. 80000 50000 Union. Grant. Lee. 150000 80000 Confederate. Grant. Lee. 150000 50000 Confederate. Thomas. Hood. Union, Grant. Lee. I 00000 35000 Union. Grant. Lee. I 00000 28000 Union. (37) GENERAL REVIEW OF THE CIVIL WAR. 1861. Brief Review of the First Year of the War. The Confederates had taken the large arsenals at Harper's Ferry and Norfolk. They had been successful in the great- est battles of the year, Bull Run and Wilson's Creek, and in several minor engagements. The Federals had saved several forts ; had gained vic- tories in several minor engagements ; had kept in the Union Missouri, Maryland, and West Virginia, and had thrown the whole South into a state of siege. 1862. Brief Review of the Second Year of the War. The Confederate victories were : Jackson in the Shenan- doah ; Lee in the Peninsular campaign, and against Pope ; Bragg's raid in Kentucky, and the battles of Cedar Moun- tain, Chickasaw Bluff, and Fredericksburg. The Federals had taken several forts, had opened the Mississippi to Vicksburg, occupied New Orleans, Yorktown, Memphis, and other Southern cities ; had gained the battles of Antietam, Fair Oaks, Murfreesboro', and other important battles, and had checked the "Merrimac's " career. (38) 1863. Brief Review of the Third Year of the War. The Confederates had gained the battles of Chickamauga and Chancellorsville. The Federals had taken Vicksburg and gained the batdes at Chattanooga and Gettysburg. 1864. Brief Review of the Fourth Year of the War. The Confederates had gained the battles of the Wilder- ness, Cold Harbor, and others ; had defeated the expedi- tions into Florida and the Red River country. The Federals had gained the battles of Winchester, Cedar Creek, Nashville, and others ; had taken Atlanta and Savan- nah ; Sherman had marched through Georgia, Sheridan the Shenandoah Valley ; Thomas had destroyed Hood's army, and Grant held Lee in Richmond. • 1865. Brief Review of the Fifth Year of the War. Sherman marched through the Carolinas. Lee surren- dered to General Grant, April 9, which closed the war. The Union debt was nearly $ 2,750,000,000. (39) TERRITORY AS ACQUIRED BY THE UNITED STATES. Territory, When. How. From Whom. Thirteen Original Colonies. ri775) to [ Revolutionary War. England. N. W. Territory. 1787 Ceded. Original Col. S. W. Territory. Ceded. Original Col. Louisiana. 1803 Purchase, $15,000,000. France. Florida. 1819 Purchase, $5,000,000. Spain. Texas. 1845 Annexed. Texas. California. 1 848 Treaty and Pur. $18,500,000. Mexico. Gadsden. 1853 Purchase, $10,000,000. Mexico. Alaska. 1867 Purchase, $7,200,000. Russia. (40) LIBRARY OF CONGRESS llllllllL'lll 010 546 467 8 ^^■"^T^"*^ I ^^^^>XVX\\X XVXXNXVVNVX X nVS^XJ