_2X i** ^ ^ U EXACT fiUPMCATE COPY OF CHAPTER VIII IN THE HISTORY OF THE eventy-Third Regiment Illinois Infantry ^olanteers. -i ^ COL. JAQUESSS VISIT TO RICHMOND, YA. * JULY, 1S6^. 1 Its Part in the Presidential Campaign of thlt Year. -&£" -sir *? / fi Complete F^isto^y OF THE "PREACHER* REGIMENT," The Seventy-Third Illinois Volunteer Infantry, SENT PER EXPRESS ON RECEIPT OR $3.00. It has over 600 pages of matter, and treats at consid- \ erable length and some detail on the services of Man's 014 Division with tie Any of tie CuteM, 1862-65. BATTLE-FIELD— COTTON-GIN— FRANKLIN, TENNESSEE. { THE CHATTANOOGA-CHICKAMAUGA CAMPAIGN, INCLUDING THE CIPHER DISPATCHES, given in full. The Hood campaign in Tennessee, 1864, and services of OPDYCKE'S BRIGADE, in connection therewith, take up an entire chapter. Inclose $3.00, giving name and express office, plainly written, to InL. M, NEMLIN, Spfingfield, 111. SKETCH COLONEL JAMES F. JAQUESS. CHAPTER VIII OF THE History of the 7 3 d Illinois Regiment 534 JAMES F. JAQUESS, CHAPTER VIII. COLONEL JAMES F. JAQUESS — HIS LIFE AND SERVICES — MINISTER, EDUCATOR, SOLDIER — HIS VISIT TO RICHMOND IN 1864 AND INTERVIEW WITH JEFFERSON DAVIS — THE OBJECT AND RESULTS OF HIS MISSION — THE COLONEL'S CAREER SINCE THE WAR — THE REUNION AT FAIRMOUNT IN 1889. James Frazier Jaquess was born near Evansville, Indiana, November 18, 1819. His grandfather, Jona- than Jaquess, with a large family of grown-up sons and daughters, emigrated to that region from Kentucky in the year 1815, bringing with him what was in that day .a large fortune. He purchased a large tract of land, and settled his children on farms around him, where he lived in a truly patriarchal style in their midst for nearly thirty years. Jonathan Jaquess was an ardent Meth- odist, and named his sons after the bishops and noted divines of that denomination. One of these sons, Jon- athan Garrettson Jaquess, was the father of the future colonel. The boy, James, grew up to manhood on a farm, disciplined to hard work, good morals-, and strict the- ology. After a preparatory course of education at the country schools, he entered the oldest and best-endowed college in the West, located at Greencastle, Indiana, and known to fame as " Indiana Asbury University." Here he pursued the full classical course, and graduated with high honors in the class of 1845. He afterwards re- ceived from his alma mater the degrees of A. M. and D. D. LAWYER, MIXISTEH, EDUCATOR. 535 Young Jaquess had intended to be a lawyer, and pursued the study of his chosen profession with such diligence, that he was admitted to the bar in 1846. But a strong religious conviction forced a change in his plans, and without entering upon active practice, he studied divinity, and in 1847 was licensed to preach, and admitted to the Illinois Conference of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. He was twice married — first, before his graduation, to Mary Sciple, who lived but two years thereafter ; and again, about the time he entered the ministry, to Sarah E. Steel, who still survives. His only child by the first marriage was a daughter, Margaret, now Mrs. Henry A. Castle, of Saint Paul, Minnesota; and his only child by the second marriage was his son William, the " drum- mer-boy " of the 73d, now residing at Tunica, Missis- sippi. After two years of " circuit-riding" in Southern Illinois, Mr. Jaquess was, in 1849, chosen president of Illinois Female College at Jacksonville, Illinois, and entered at once upon its responsible duties. Here he remained for six years, and achieved an unqualified success. Hundreds of educated and accomplished women, scattered through the whole Mississippi Valley and beyond, look back to their student-life at Jackson- ville with tender memories, and still regard President and Mrs. Jaquess with veneration, as their parents in good manners and elegant learning. Resigning this position in 1855, Mr. Jaquess preached for one year at Paris, Edgar County, Illinois, and was then prevailed on to re-enter the educational field. A new Methodist college had been established at Quincy, Illinois, based upon the then new idea of co-education. 536 CHAPLAIN J A Q UESS. It was a male and female college of high grade, and Mr. Jaquess was elected president. He retained this posi- tion, adding to his reputation for profound erudition and executive ability, until he resigned it to enter the military service in 1861. During his whole career as a preacher and teacher, Mr. Jaquess was a man of strongly marked individ- uality. His address was polished and winning, his presence magnetic to a marked degree. He influenced all with whom he came in contact, and made friends by the thousand in all parts of the country. He was in great demand in the pulpit and on the platform, his oratory being of the earnest, electric kind, that was popu- lar with all classes of people, from the ripest scholar to the humblest laborer or frontiersman. He was never abashed in any compa'ny, and no man ever felt abashed in his. He took a living interest in all public affairs; but in his chosen sphere as a Christian minister he shone to unsurpassed advantage. Whenever it was an- nounced that he was to preach, whether at a city church, a cross-road school-house, or a backwoods camp-meeting, hundreds flocked to hear, and went away to praise. In September, 1861, Mr. Jaquess was commissioned by Governor Richard Yates, his long-time and intimate personal friend, at Jacksonville, as chaplain of the 6th Illinois Cavalry. This opened an opportunity for an approach to the scene of active warfare, and at the same time for a wide sphere of religious usefulness, which he accepted with alacrity. He spent the winter with his regiment in Kentucky. Late in March, 1862, Chaplain Jaquess, having received, through rebel citi- zens at Paducah, intimations of the proposed attack on PERSEVERANCE REWARDED. 537 Grant at Pittsburg Landing, hastened thither, arriving just before the historic battle of Shiloh. He remained on the field during that battle, rendering conspicuous service in organizing for the care of the wounded, and receiving his first " baptism of fire " in the shape of a bullet-hole through his hat. After Shiloh, feeling his military ardor aroused, and better appreciating the desperate character of the strug- gle in which the country was engaged, our patriotic chap- lain asked the privilege of raising and commanding a " Methodist Regiment " for the war. Recruiting was suspended at that time, but Governor Yates secured from President Lincoln permission to raise a special regiment, and the embryo colonel set to work with bis accustomed energy and enthusiasm, about June 1, 1862. He succeeded poorly at first. It was the busy harvest season in Southern Illinois. The enlistment fever of a few months before had been cooled down by the refusal of the authorities to accept any more soldiers. Many proposed captains attempted to r;iise their companies, but failed, and others were authorized to try in different localities. Perseverance and the process of consolidating squads seemed about to suc- ceed, however, when, as August approached, the sudden issue of the President's call for three hundred thousand men, soon followed by another call for as many more, swelled each meagre squad into an overflowing com- pany, which soon confronted the new colonel with an embarassment of martial riches. The companies ren- dezvoused at Camp Butler early in August, as else- where narrated, and were formed into the 73d Regi- ment of Illinois Infantry Volunteers. 538 INDORSED BY CONGRESSMEN. The story of Colonel Jaquess's service with the regi- ment is told in the other chapters of this book. This chapter is devoted to his biography, and to such epi- sodes of his army life as were not directly connected with the regiment in the field, notably his secret serv- ice, and his celebrated visit to Richmond, in 1864. One or two other matters, not related elsewhere, may with propriety be briefly mentioned here. In April, 1864, while the regiment was encamped at Loudon, Tennessee, a meeting of the officers of Illinois regiments was held, with Major Henry A. Hust (27th Illinois), of Chicago, as president, and Captain J. Morris Morgan (22d Illinois), of Alton, as secretary. This meeting adopted the following resolution, which was sent home and published in nearly all the papers of Illinois : " Resolved, That having seen the name of Colonel J. F. Jaquess, 73d Illinois, mentioned in the press of our State as a can- didate for Congress from the State at large, we recognize in Colo- nel Jaquess the brave and accomplished soldier, the Christian gen- tleman and scholar, the man of pure and elevated patriotism, characteristics peculiarly fitting him for a seat in the councils of the Nation at this perilous crisis, and though, for the present, deprived of the privileges of citizenship, yet while fighting for the very existence of the State, we claim the right to be heard, and we ask that the merits of our gallant brother in arms, whose devo- tion to his country has been sealed in actual bloody contact with its enemies, be recognized in his nomination by the Union State Convention which meets at Springfield on the 25th of May next." This action was taken without the knowledge or solicitation of Colonel Jaquess, and, of course, could not be followed up by the effective personal canvass at home necessary to success. Nevertheless, a very con- siderable vote was cast for him at the convention. This was the only instance, we believe, in his career BOY OF CHICK A MA UGA. 539 when he was even impliedly a candidate for political office. At the battle of Chickamauga, the colonel's fourteen- year-old son, Willie, the drummer-boy of Company H (now clerk of the district court of Tunica County, Mis- sissippi), was captured by the rebels in the thickest of the fight. This incident was afterwards made the sub- ject of a juvenile romance entitled "The Boy of Chick- amauga," which had a wide circulation. The following beautiful description of the event was written on the field by B. F. Taylor, the famous war correspondent of the Chicago Journal, and published in that paper : "Beside Colonel Jaquess, of the 73d Illinois, rude his son, a lad, a bright, brave little fellow, who believed in his father and feared nothing. Right up to the enemy, right up anywhei-e, if the father went, there rode the boy. But when the bullets swept in sheets, and grape and canister cut rugged roads through the columns of blue and splashed them with red, the father bade his young orderly back out of the fiery gust. The boy wheeled his horse and rode for the hospital; the hospital was captured, and the boy is a prisoner. Poor little waif; flung out by the turbulent sea of war into the hands of the enemy ! I know not if the boy has a mother; but, if not, there are gentle, womanly hearts enough in the land to ache for the little prisoner, and to pray that the slip of a boy may be set down safely again beside the stout colonel." Which he was, a few days later, having escaped by stratagem from his custodians. But it is time to begin our story of the visit to Richmond. In May, 1863, Colonel Jaquess, by letter and by personal interview, interested General Rose- crans, the commander of the Army of the Cumberland, in his idea that, by a personal visit to the South, he could commit influential men there to an extensive peace movement, and possibly secure from the rebel leaders some unofficial overtures in that direction. At 540 A MORAL FORCE, length General Rosecrans sent by a messenger to Wash- ington the following letter : 'Head-quarters Department of the Cumberland,) Murfreesboro, Tennessee, May 21, 1863. j To His Excellency, the President of the United States: "The Rev. Dr. Jaquess, commanding the 73d Illinois — a man of character — has submitted to me a letter proposing a personal mission to the South. After maturely weighing his plan and con- sidering well his character, I am decidedly of the opinion that the public interests will be promoted by permitting him to go as he proposes. " I do not anticipate the results that he seems to expect, but believe that a moral force will be generated by his mission that will more than compensate for his temporary absence from his regiment. " His letter is herein inclosed, and the bearer of this can fully explain Colonel Jaquess's plans and purposes. "Very respectfully, " W. S. Rosecrans, Major General." The letter was given to President Lincoln by the messenger, and a full explanation made. The President had known Colonel Jaquess personally for fifteen years, and had every confidence in his patriotism and integrity. He finally decided to permit the proposed trip, but stipulated that the colonel should go on his own re- sponsibility, and should make no overtures, but receive and report any made to him, from whatever source. The colonel left the army in Tennessee at once, and went to Baltimore, on the President's authority, where he reported to General Schenck. Thence he was sent to General Dix, at Fortress Monroe, who, after long delay, permitted him to go to the rebel lines in a flag- of-truce boat. He went to Petersburg, where he re- mained three weeks in constant communication with influential but unofficial personages, who all admitted that they were weary of the war, hopeless of success, VISIT TO RICHMOND. 541 and ready to give up slavery to secure peace, but were so held in check by a despotic government at Richmond that they dare not, as yet, move effectively in that di- rection. The colonel returned to Baltimore, reported in writing to the President, waited some time for further instructions, but receiving none, returned to his regi- ment, arriving just in time to participate in the bloody battle of Chickamauga. It afterwards transpired that the President never personally received the colonel's report. When in- formed of the facts some months later, Mr. Lincoln immediately realized that the time was then more nearly ripe for such an effort, and at least highly propitious for securing from the Confederate chiefs a declared ul- timatum, which would be, in many ways, extremely valuable. Hence he again detailed Colonel Jaquess for special service, and, in order to obviate objections in high military circles, requested Mr. J. R. Gilmore to accompany him. And then ensued the real and genuine "visit to Richmond" of July, 1864. In Dr. Eddy's "Patriotism of Illinois," Volume I, we find a graphic and detailed report of this interesting historical event. As Dr. Eddy was a life-long friend of our colonel, in frequent personal communication with him, it may be assumed that the narrative, as there given, was duly authorized. This narrative is in the easy style of a newspaper interview, in which form, in fact, it originally appeared in Dr. Eddy's paper, the North- western Christian Advocate, of Chicago, written down, however, by the worthy editor himself. We quote : " A rap at the door of our sanctum ! Enter a tall, somewhat slim, and altogether impressive form in the uniform of a Union colonel. Few men carry in their faces more character than Colonel 542 DR. EDDY'S ACCOUNT. Jaquess. With classic forehead ; large blue eyes, so deep that, as Emerson says, ' one may fall into them ;' hair, and neatly trimmed beard, both wearing ' the silvery livery of advised age ;' firm, con- scientious and dauntless, — he is just the man to hurl his gauntlet at danger — fight his way into, or become a self-appointed ambassa- dor, at Richmond. Reluctantly he told us his story. "The incidents of the ride to the city, and the formalities which resulted in an interview between Colonel Jaquess, Mr. Gil- more, President Davis, and Mr. Benjamin, are already recorded by Mr. Gil more. Colonel Jaquess states that he did not share Mr. Gilmore's fears respecting the important question of a safe deliverance from the rebel capital. "The evening of the 17th — July, 1864 — finds the four persons above mentioned seated in a room in the Confederate State De- partment. After the formal introduction, it was fully agreed upon that in the discussion which Avas about to follow, no personal offense was to be taken, even though it became necessary to em- ploy plain language, and Colonel Jaquess says that he accepted the temporary status of affairs, and studiously and politely em- ployed the terms, ' Mr. President,' and ' Confederacy.' "Mr. Benjamin's first and most j)ersistent effort was to secure an admission that the embassy was official, and after laboring thus in vain for thirty minutes, he then attempted to browbeat the colonel by employing the term ' sj)y,' and allusions to the ordinary fate of such. "These tactics failing, Colonel Jaquess had an opportunity to open a long, serious, and exceedingly plain conversation with Mr. Davis, carefully selecting such points as in themselves gave least room for controversy. He emphasized the statement that he was present only in his individual capacity since he believed that neither of the contending powers would accept commissioners from the other, and thus settle existing difficulties, and that negotiation would only end' in wrangling, with the more desperate alienation, unless certain points could be previously adjusted by an unofficial delegation as a basis for a further official discussion. The colonel therefore remarked : " ' Mr. President, I came on my own responsibility to prepare the way, and I hope that we, as Christian gentlemen, may succeed in discussing the question fully, freely, and frankly. I have long believed that our troubles were necessary 4o teach a threefold lesson : " ' 1st. That the North might believe that the terms " secession," THE MEMORABLE INTERVIEW. 543 " separation," and " independence," when employed by Southerners, meant something. [At this the President was manifestly pleased.] " ' 2d. That the South should learn that one Southerner can not whip five Yankees. And — " '3d. That foreign nations might learn that the United States can never be defeated, or insulted with impunity.' " Mr. Davis then remarked, with a degree of satisfaction, that 'the South had done its own fighting without iad or foreign sym- pathy.' Colonel Jaquess replied with a commendable desire to assure Mr. Davis that the South would not lack further oppor- tunities for display of valor, that ' we in the North have but one sentiment, viz., that of a vigorous prosecution of the war, and that no man could be elected President upon any other platform. We regard you as the aggressor, and if one party must lose its life, we feel not only at liberty but under obligations to take yours. We have a "Peace Party," but you can not afford to trust it; for our masses are against you, and, Mr. Davis, you mistake the spirit of our people. We respect and love you, and in case of the sudden termination of the war, millions of Northern money would flow south to relieve your destitute and suffering. Indeed, we would sustain our President should he, in such case, issue his proclama- tion of universal amnesty.' Mr. Davis, with the evident expecta- tion of shaming this speech, replied, ' You have poorly manifested your "love" in your conduct of the war.' Replied the colonel promptly, ' O, we are not just now making friends — we are fighting rebellion.' Mr. Davis asserted that he foresaw this struggle, this bloodshed, etc., and while in Congress strove to avert it. 'Before God,' said he, 'I have not a drop of this blood on my skirts.' The colonel says he barely escaped the impulse of replying that ' this would be a dangerous appeal to carry before God.' Davis then pro- ceeded with a long dissertation on 'States' rights,' etc., alluding to the Declaration of American Independence and its initial principle, that the right to govern depends upon the consent of the governed, and added, 'If we of the South talk of peace and continued union, we will thereby confess that we have blundered in beginning this war.' Colonel Jaquess thinks that Mr. Davis's harangue would compare favorably with the prevailing style of Copperhead speeches in the North, and would be fully indorsed by the late Peace Party. The next effort of our worthy colonel was to change the drift of the conversation and to obtain the rebel ultimatum. Mr. Davis asserted that the Southern people have a deep-seated hatred of the Northerners. The Northern reply was simply, ' I have 544 SEPARATION OR ANNIHILATION. failed to discover it,' and the colonel added, 'We are told that were an armistice for ninety days agreed upon, our people could not be induced to resume hostilities.' ' 0/ said Mr. D., 'I am in favor of an armistice if you will admit oar independence ; for we are bound to have separation or annihilation!' 'Then, Mr. Davis, you will obtain annihilation; for our people are determined you shall not establish the doctrine of secession. Would you come back into the Union as a confederacy if we would give constitutional guaran- tees of your claims in the matter of slavery, etc.?' At this point Mr. Benjamin, who had been writing fbr a long time, blurted out with volcanic heat and impatience : ' If the throat of every slave in the Confederacy were cut, we would have nothing but separation!' Mr. Davis assented, and reiterated his alternative of ' separation or annihilation,' and again received the emphatic consolation that he would, in that case, inevitably be accommodated with the coveted annihilation. Mr. Gilmore here asked how they would be satisfied with the plan of submitting the question to the people, and allowing them to vote for Mr. Davis as the secession and Mr. Lincoln as the Union candidate ? ' Yes,' said the colonel, 'let the majority de- cide.' The reply was from Mr. Davis, with an attempt at severity, ' You can do that in your consolidated form, but I have no right to ask my people thus to vote.' And here followed that heretical, despotic, anti-republican sentiment from the arch-rebel : ' We have left you, to rid ourselves of the despotism of majorities.' The colonel sug- gested to Mr. Davis that he had better not let the Southern people know this, and received the assurance that he was at liberty ' to pro- claim it from every house-top,' from the improvement of which in- vitation the colonel was ' prevented by circumstances.' "Mr. Benjamin, in his account of the occasion asserts, for effect, that at this point, Mr. Davis wished to close the interview. Colonel Jaquess positively contradicts the statement, and asserts that he was the first to indicate such a desire. Three times did the colonel arise, and three times was he detained by a renewal of the conversation. Once Colonel Jaquess asked Mr. Davis if they would ever meet again. ' O yes,' was the reply. Colonel Ja- quess — 'My Northern friends say I look like "Jeff. Davis."' Mr. Davis — ' You ought not to consider it a compliment.' Colonel Jaquess — ' I do not consider it a left-handed one by any means.' Mr. Davis — ' Your resemblance to myself occurred to me when you entered the room.' Colonel Jaquess — 'And I had the corresponding thought at the same time.' BUSINESS— NO'I ROMANCE! 545 "Then followed a talk for twenty minutes about ancestry, etc., in which both parties forgot that they were enemies, at the con- clusion of which, Colonel Jaquess for the third time arose, saying, 1 When may I come again ?' ' When you come to tell me that the North is willing to let us govern ourselves in our own way !' The colonel extended his hand, which was warmly grasped by both of the President's, and thus closed this remarkable interview. "We have read Mr. Gilmore's published accounts, and have heard his two subsequent lectures upon the same topic; and now, having talked three or four times with Colonel Jaquess, we feel that the trip to Richmond was far from a mere romantic expedition, and that the accounts of Mr. Gilmore are far too flippant and super- ficial, while under the colonel's grave recounting it rises to the dignity of a providential mission. Certain it is that the effort of Mr. Benjamin, in his circular, to avert the consequences of the published statements, and his avowal of the designs and wishes, too, of the Southern leaders, went far, O so far, to gird up the loins of noble Northern freemen for the struggle in which God gave us victory on the 8th of last November." The foregoing, having been incorporated by Dr. Eddy in his work, " Patriotism of Illinois," it is, as before stated, safe to assume that the statements made are true, and sanctioned by Colonel Jaquess. The ac- count was written while the events of which it treats were new and fresh in the public mind, and has, so far as we know, met with no contradiction. It is impossible to estimate the value of the advan- tage derived by the National Union party in the polit- ical campaign of 1864 as a result of this and other "peace missions." The mission of Colonel Jaquess was first in importance, because he sought and obtained an interview with the highest officer in the Confederacy, and heard deliberately stated the rebel ultimatum, by the representative and official head of the rebellion. The other " peace mission," the one undertaken by Messrs. Clay, Holcombe, and Saunders, from a base of opera- tions across the border, in Canada, was clearly working 35 546 MR- GREELEY'S STATEMENT. in harmony with the "Peace Party/' to secure a com- mon purpose, the defeat of the National Union Party. One result of Colonel Jaquess's visit was the proof and demonstration of the utter insincerity, want of au- thority, and want of purpose — beyond affecting or com- passing the outcome of the pending Presidential elec- tion — of the above named Peace Commissioners. The late Horace Greeley, in Volume II, of his "Anier- ic;in Conflict;' on pages 665-6 thereof, after devoting attention to the Clay, Holcombe, and Saunders mission, has this to say concerning that of Colonel Jaquess and Mr. Gilmore. Mr. Greeley, having been deputed by President Lincoln, to go to Niagara, and confer with Clay, Holcombe, and Saunders, was all the more thor- oughly posted, and qualified, after so doing, to judge as to the beneficent result of Colonel Jaquess's trip to Richmond. Mr. Greeley's statement, which fully dis- closes Mr. Jefferson Davis's ultimatum, reads: "But happily another negotiation, even more irregular and wholly clandestine, had simultaneously been in progress at Rich- mond with a similar result. Rev. Colonel James F. Jaquess, 73d Illinois, with Mr. J. R. Gilmore, of New York, had, with Presi- dent Lincoln's knowledge, but without his formal permission, paid a visit to the Confederate capital on a peace errand, being allowed to pass through the lines of both armies for the purpose. ••Arrived in Richmond, they addressed a joint letter to Judah P. Benjamin, Secretary of State, requesting an interview with President Davis, which was accorded ; and a long, familiar, earnest colloquy ensued, wherein the Confederate chief presented his ulti- matum in these terms: " ' I desire peace as much as you do ; I deplore bloodshed as much as you do ; but I feel that not one drop of the blood shed in this war is on my hands. I can look up to my God and say this. I tried all in my power to avert this war. I saw it com- ing, and for twelve years I worked night and day to prevent it, but I could not. The North was mad and blind. It would not THA T " UL TIM A T UM. " 54 7 let us govern ourselves, and so the war came, and now it must go on till the last man of this generation falls in his tracks, and his children seize his musket and fight our battle, unless you acknowl- edge our right to self-government. We are not fighting for slavery ; we are fighting for independence, and that, or extermination, we will have.'" "Again, at parting, Mr. Davis bade them: "'Say to Mr. Lincoln from me that I shall at any time be pleased to receive proposals for peace on the basis of our independence. It will be useless to approach me with any other.' "Thus it was not only incontestably settled, but proclaimed, through the volunteered agency of two citizens, that the war must go on until the Confederacy should be recognized as an independ- ent power, or until it should be utterly, finally overthrown. The knowledge of this fact was worth more than a victory to the National cause. For, though the Confederate chiefs had ever held but one language ou this point — had at no time given any one reason to believe that they might be reconciled to the Union, it was habitually assumed by the opposition in the loyal States that they were fighting not against the Union, but against Abolition ; and that they might easily be placated and won to loyalty, were but the Democratic party restored to power." It will be observed that in the former selection ap- pears an admission from Davis that the South began the war, and that the rebels could not cease fighting or submit their causes of complaint to a peaceful arbitra- ment, or " talk of peace and union" without confessing they had gone wrong in beginning it. In the latter selection, it is shown that Mr. Davis declared they were not fighting for slavery, but for independence, "and that, or extermination, they would have." It is easily seen how effectually Colonel Jaquess's mission proved the utter uselessness and fallacy of the Peace Party in the North, paralyzed it, neutralized or counteracted its influence for evil, and built up and strengthened the National Party, by convincing hun- dreds and thousands of voters of the hopelessness of 54 S RES UL TS A CCOMPLISHED. ending the war in any other way than by crushing the Rebellion by force of arms. The accessions to the ranks of voters of the party headed by Abraham Lincoln continued steadily, enlistments in the army increased, and the result was unexpectedly grand, in November, 1864. We have, lately, carefully re-read the account of " Our Visit to Richmond," by J. R. Gilmore, as it ap- pears in the Atlantic Monthly of September, 1864. At the beginning of the account Mr. Gilmore gives four reasons, of the half dozen, he found for making the visit. The strongest of which — the second — is that it was necessary and desirable to tear off the mask which concealed the real purposes and "low schemes" of C. C. Clay and his fellow peace commissioners at Niagara. It was important to demonstrate that the " rebel envoys " were not clothed with authority to negotiate for peace, for or on behalf of the Confederacy; that, therefore, their pretended efforts in that direction were dishonest and hypocritical, and intended to help the Northern Peace Party, by appearing to throw on the Government or Administration the responsibility of a continuance of the war. The visit to Richmond, ac- cording to Mr. Gilmore, fully accomplished these ob- jects. The third reason, as stated, would seem rather to be a reason why he went to Richmond — to open the way, remove difficulties, and enable Colonel Jaquess to get there. They worked harmoniously together, as would-be expected, when it was supposed their all was at stake. That they got in, Mr. Gilmore says, was perhaps due to himself; that they got out, was due al- together to Colonel Jaquess. Mr. Gilmore says : " A more cool, more brave, more self-reliant, and more self- ARRIVE AT RICHMOND. 549 devoted man than that quiet ' Western Parson,' it was never my fortune to encounter." It was on the morning of July 16th that the colo- nel and his companion took leave of General Butler at his head-quarters, and started on their way to Richmond. At about three o'clock P. M. of the same day they approached the rebel lines, and soon received directions as to where the exchange commissioner, Judge Ould, might be found. Following directions, it was but a short time before they found Judge Ould and others, were introduced all around, and entered into conversa- tion on topics related to the conduct of the war, treat- ment of prisoners, and the object of the visit they were on. In order not to afford the visitors an oppor- tunity to view the fortifications, the judge postponed starting to Richmond until after sundown. On start- ing, Judge Ould, in his carriage, led the way, while the colonel and Gilmore followed behind, in an ambulance drawn by a pair of mules, with a stout colored man as driver. One Javins, whom Mr. Gilmore denominates " our shadow," occupied the same seat, sitting between Colonel Jaquess and his companion. In this manner they passed within the fortifications, and the line of troops, and by ten o'clock that Saturday night they were in the heart of the rebel capital. Alighted at the doorway of the Spotswood Hotel, the colonel and Gil- more were shown without delay to room No. 60, in the fourth story. Supper was provided and partaken of in the same room where they slept that night, and breakfasted the next morning. We suppose they slept some ; but, disturbed by a feeling of anxiety and spec- ulation, it is scarcely probable they slept well. 550 PRELIMINARIES. After breakfast, Sunday morning, a note was pre- pared, which reads thus : " Spots wood House, 1 " Richmond, Virginia, July 17, 1864. 1 "Hon. J. P. Benjamin, Secretary of State, etc. : " Dear Sir, — The undersigned respectfully solicit an interview with President Davis. They visit Richmond only as private citi- zens, and have no official character or authority ; but they are acquainted with the views of the United States Government, and with the sentiments of the Northern people, relative to an adjustment of the differences existing between the North and the South, and earnestly hope that a free interchange of views between President Davis and themselves may open the way to such official negotiations as will result in restoring peace to the two sections of our distracted country. They, therefore, ask an interview with the President, and awaiting your reply are, truly and respectfully, yours." This note was called for, as previously agreed upon, and delivered to the party addressed. Mr. Benjamin sent his compliments in return, accompanied by an ex- pression of a desire to meet Colonel Jaquess and Mr. Gilmore at the State Department. Yielding to this desire, as well as to their own inclinations, they re- paired at once to the department presided over by Mr. "Benjamin, which was located in the north-west room of the "United States" Custom-house. Judge Ould, who had accompanied the visitors, introduced them to Mr. Benjamin, and an informal interview was held, during which Mr. Benjamin seemed very anxious to learn whether Mr. Lincoln had, "in any ivay, authorized you to come here," and the time was fixed for a more ex- tended and authoritative interchange of views, when Mr. Davis would be present and join in it. Nine o'clock in the evening of that same day was appointed for the meeting. The day, from near noon until about the time for the interview, was passed by the visitors MR. OIL MORE 'S A CCO UNT. 551 in their room, conversing with the judge, or watching the people as they passed by in the street. Promptly on time, the visitors were at the State Department, where Mr. Davis had previously arrived. Mr. Gilmore's account states : " Mr. Benjamin occupied his previous seat at the tahle. At his right sat a spare, thin-featured man, with iron-gray hair and beard, and a clear gray eye, full of life and vigor. He had a broad, massive forehead, and a mouth and chin denoting great energy and strength of will. His face was emaciated, much wrinkled, but his features were good, especially his eyes — though one of them bore a scar, apparently made by some sharp instrument. He wore a suit of grayish brown, evidently of foreign manufacture, and, as he rose, I saw that he was about five feet ten inches high, with a slight stoop in his shoulders. His manners were simple, easy, and quite fascinating ; and he threw an indescribable charm into his voice as he extended his hand and said to us : 'I am glad to see you, gentlemen. You are very welcome to Richmond.' "And this was the man who was President of the United States under Franklin Pierce, and who is now the heart, soul, and brains of the Southern Confederacy. His manners put me entirely at my ease; the colonel would be at his ease if he stood before Csesar." Mr. Gilmore then proceeds with the interview between Colonel Jaquess and the Confederate President, which has been already quoted from Dr. Eddy in the more correct and significant language of the colonel himself. According to Mr. Gilmore's report, when the visitors retired, Mr. Davis took Colonel Jaquess's hand in both his own and said to him : " Colonel, I respect your char- acter and your motives, find I wish you well. I wish you every good I can wish you, consistently with the interests of the Confederacy." In closing his account of the interview, Mr. Gil- more says : "The quiet, straightforward bearing and magnificent moral courage of our ' fighting parson,' had evidently impressed Mr. 552 SUSPICIOUS CIRCUMSTANCES. Davis very favorably. When we went out, Mr. Benjamin called Judge Ould, wbo had been waiting during the whole interview — two hours — at the other end of the hall, and we passed down the stairway together. As I put my arm within that of the judge, he said to me: "'Well, what is the result?' 'Nothing but war — war to the knife.' ' Ephraim is joined to his idols. Let him alone,' added the colonel solemnly. ... As we climbed the long, rickety stairs wliich led to our room in the fourth story, one of us said to our companion : ' We can accomplish nothing more by remaining here. Suppose we shake the sacred soil from our feet to-morrow?' 'Very well. At what hour will you start?' He replied, 'The earlier the better. As near daybreak as may be, to avoid the sun.' 'We can't be ready before ten o'clock. The mules are quartered six miles out.' ' Very well — ten o'clock then, let it be — we '11 be ready.' We bade the judge good-night at the landing, and en- tered our apartment." The visitors passed their second night at the Spots- wood House not without incident or disturbance. Next morning they had breakfast, and newspapers with sensa- tional reports. They were all ready and waiting at the appointed hour; but no Judge Ould or mule-team and ambulance came. Eleven o'clock came, then twelve, then one o'clock, and the delay caused some anxiety and conjecture. Various thoughts flitted through Mr. Gilmore's mind ; thoughts of home, family, and friends, and likewise of close confinement in Castle Thunder or other Bastile. Gilmore paced back and forth, then turned to Javins, and said: "Will you oblige me by stepping into the hall? My friend and I would have a few words together." As Javins passed out, Gilmore, addressing Colonel Jaquess, said : " Ould is more than three hours late ! What does it mean ?" The colonel, withdrawing his attention from the reading of the newspapers, but betraying no uneasiness TRUST IN GOD. 553 at Ould's delay, replied : " It looks badly, but I ask no odds of them. We may have to show we are men. We have tried to serve the country ; that is enough. Let them hang us, if they like." While saying this, the colonel took off his spectacles and quietly rubbed the glasses with his hankerchief. " Colonel," exclaimed Gilmore, " you are a trump ; the bravest man I ever knew." To which the colonel replied : " I trust in God, that is all." Mr. Gilmore says these words " convey no idea of the sublime courage which shone in the colonel's eye, and lighted up his every feature. I felt rebuked, and turned away to hide my emotion." After a little time there was heard a rap at the door, and Judge Ould entered. " Good evening," he said. "Good evening," we replied. Ould — " Well, gentlemen, if you are ready, we '11 walk round to the Libby." Says Mr. Gilmore: " My worst fears were realized. We were prisoners. A cold tremor passed over me, and my tongue refused its office. . . . I turned to the colonel. He stood drawn up to his full height, looking at Ould. Not a feature of his fine face moved, but his large gray eye was beaming with a sort of triumph. I have met brave men, men who have faced death a hundred times without quailing ; but I never met a man who had the moral grandeur of that man. His look inspired me ; for I turned to Ould, and with a coolness that amazed myself, said : * Very well, we are ready.'" With this, the visitors shook Javins's hand, bidding him good-bye, and then, attended by Judge Onld, they got out of the hotel; something being said about the hotel bill, and exchanging greenbacks for Confederate money as they passed out. These matters adjusted in 554 VERY TIRED— VERY THANKFUL. some way, they passed to the street, where they found "Jack" with the mule team and ambulance. The sight of these had a wonderfully reassuring effect, as up to that time Mr. Gilmore had considered himself "jugged" sure enough. The visitors, piloted by Judge Ould, visited Libby prison, Castle Thunder, and the hos- pitals where the wounded prisoners were kept. At five o'clock they separated from Judge Ould, bidding him a kindly good-bye, as doubtless it was mainly due to the Judge that the visitors were permitted to " go their way." In the ambulance drawn by the mule-team, and "Jack" for driver, the visitors were conveyed to the point where they first entered it, and from thence, ac- companied by Captain Hatch with a flag, approached the Union lines, where they arrived just as the sun was going down. A young officer rode over from the nearest Union picket station, and was forthwith sent to General Foster for a pair of horses, which being fur- nished, Colonel Jaquess and Mr. Gilmore arrived at General Foster's tent a half hour later. They took supper with General Foster, and soon after started to General Butler's head-quarters, arriving there by ten o'clock P. M., very tired ; but, provided with " downy " cots to recline upon, they rested and were "thankful, devoutly thankful, that we were once again under the folds of the old flag." The tourists returned in safety to the North, and Colonel Jaquess reported the result of his mission to President Lincoln, who received with lively satisfaction this authentic and significant declaration, direct from the lips of the rebel chieftain, that no terms of peace short of absolute independence would be accepted or VALUABLE SERVICES. 555 considered. Mr. Lincoln was too shrewd a politician not to realize that this positive declaration completely upset the platform of the Peace Party, then prosecut- ing the Presidential campaign on the false issue of re- storing the Union by an armistice and negotiation. Measures were promptly taken to insure the widest publicity to the statement of the Confederate President. Newspaper reports of the trip and its leading incidents, laying special stress on the vital point, were at once published in New York, and instantly telegraphed to the press of the whole country. The Atlantic Monthly for September contained the Gilmore version of the interview, and had an enormous sale. The rebel papers in Richmond and elsewhere took hold of the matter with vigor, and, unable to deny the truthfulness of the report, contented themselves with bitterly criticising the Confederate authorities for allowing themselves to be " hoodwinked by a couple of Yankee spies." By the special order of President Lincoln, Colonel Jaquess was given an extended leave of absence from the army, and at his special request the colonel actively engaged in the Presidential campaign then in progress. He addressed large audiences day and evening in all the Northern States from Maine to Michigan, and wher- ever his story was told, it had a marked effect in con- vincing doubting patriots of the inexorable fact that no peace was possible until the rebellion had been sup- pressed. The value of his services was gratefully ac- knowledged by the Republican National Committee, and by the several State committees. He was in demand everywhere, and his utterances were multiplied thou- sands of times by reports of his speeches in the press, which were widely copied. 556 ENGAGEMENTS SINCE THE WAR. After the election, in November, 1864, Colonel Jaquess, still on leave of absence, retired to his home at Quincy, Illinois, for a few weeks of much needed rest, preparatory to his expected return to his regi- ment, then in Georgia. Here another order reached him, calling him again to the East on important secret service, which occupied his time during the remainder of the winter, and required him to travel through sev- eral Northern States. Wherever he went, as soon as his identity became known, he was importuned to lec- ture for the benefit of Sanitary Commissions and Sol- diers' Aid Societies. He nearly always complied, and thus his eloquent tongue was kept constantly and use- fully employed, and the story of the Richmond trip had other thousands of eager listeners. In April, 1865, Colonel Jaquess returned to Quincy, and in that city, on the eighteenth of that month, he personally performed the marriage ceremon}' which united his only daughter, Margaret, to Henry A. Castle, late sergeant-major of 73d Illinois (wounded at Stone River), and afterward captain of Company A, 137th Illinois. Immediately after the wedding, the colonel returned to the regiment, rejoining it at Nashville, and remaining there until the muster out. After the muster out of the regiment, Colonel Jaquess served for several months in an important position in the Freed men's Bureau, after which he engaged in cotton- planting on an extensive scale, first in Arkansas, and then in Northern Mississippi. He continued in this vocation with varying success for ten years. Finally, about 1876, he became interested in the promotion of some financial schemes, which necessitated several visits ATTENDED THE REUNION. 557 to England, and finally led to his almost continuous residence there. It was in London, in September, 1889, that the colonel received the urgent request of his old com- panions of the 73d Regiment to attend their third annual reunion at Fairmount, Vermilion County, Illinois, on October 8th and 9th of that year. Dropping all his occupations, he made the trip of four thousand miles from London direct to Fairmount, for the sole purpose of at- tending this reunion, remained in Fairmount twenty-four hours, and started on the return trip of four thousand miles to London, which city he reached in time for an im- perative legal engagement on October 24th. It need not be said that the seventy-five or eighty survivors of the old regiment gathered at Fairmount on this twenty- seventh anniversary of the battle of Perryville, thor- oughly appreciated the devotion of their old commander, and heartily enjoyed his visit. They welcomed him with tears of joy, and escorted him to the place of as- semblage, where, in the presence of a large concourse of citizens, he delivered the following impressive and instructive address : 4 ' Comrades of the 73d Illinois Volunteers, — Since being informed of your intended reunion, I have traveled quite four thousand miles, by land and ocean, to meet with you. You have had other and similar meetings since last we met, but circumstances prevented me from meeting with you in person ; I have always been with you in soul, mind, and heart, all the same, and I now feel myself most happy in meeting you after so long a separation. "A little more than twenty-seven years ago, in the dark days of the Kepublic, we responded to the country's call, and were mustered into the service, and hurried off to the front without drill or instructions as to the duties we were to perform. At that time Ave were a thousand strong, a thousand able-bodied and resolute men. When we had completed our work, and stacked our arms 558 COLONEL JAQUESS'S ADDRESS. preparatory to muster out, we were a small baud, less than one- third of our original number. We went out raw recruits in the volunteer service; we returned veterans, having learned the arts ot war, and been drilled and thoroughly disciplined on many hard- fought fields. Since our muster out, our ranks have been thinned by death and disease, chiefly the result of wounds and disabilities contracted in the line of duty, and by exposures incident to the fortunes of war. " While enjoying the festivities of this most delightful occasion, we must not, rather we can not, forget or be unmindful of our worthy dead. They responded, as we who survive them did, to our country's call, moved with alacrity and cheerful steps to the front and to the position of danger, shared with us our hard marches, our hard fare, and our hard fighting, and proved the full measure of their devotion by laying down their lives for the sacred cause for which we fought. We gave our best services, they gave their lives to save the life of the Nation. Their memory is sacred to us, and hallowed by a thousand cherished recollections ; and we, their surviving comrades and a grateful country, can never forget wlud they did. But the memory of their deeds and devotion will be held up as worthy examples of personal courage, and patriotism worthy the imitation and emulation of our youth, and will stand, for all time to come, more imperishable than marble or granite, to tell future generations what we have done. " Compatriots of the Seventy-third, I greet you, I congratulate you, and if I were called on to write a history or a eulogy of the regiment, it would be simply this, viz.: You did your duty ; and the only honor I should claim for myself would be that I looked on while you did it. What you did, you did well, and at the oppor- tune moment; it was so well done that it could not have been better done. While you went out undisciplined, you returned vet- erans with greatly reduced numbers, having been trained and dis- ciplined in the line of duty and service, and drilled in the conflicts of the battle-fields. You went out a united band. You had learned to appreciate the fact that in union there is strength, 'united we stand, divided we fall.' One common impulse impelled you on ; a single motive guided your actions at all times and under all circumstances. Want of harmony was unknown among you ; selfishness could not live among you ; never was union more com- plete in family circle or elsewhere. "You entered the service of the country a 'patriotic band, no motive prompting you but that which flows from love of country. JUSTICE AND HONOR. 559 You sought no promotion and accepted none, save such as came to you of right in the line of duty. You fought for the cause that lay near your hearts, and for that inheritance for which our fathers fought, won, and bequeathed to us,, and under the convic- tion that if the Union of these States were broken up and the country lost, to the cause of freedom all is lost. "In the early days of the Republic, philosophers and statesmen of Europe had predicted, under the influence of the thought and sen- timent of the day, that a government of the people, by the people, for the people, about to be undertaken on a large scale in the United States, was destined to result in a splendid failure ; that a coun- try of such immense resources would be able to resist any possible pressure from without, but when internal feuds and dissensions should arise, as they certainly would, iu the progress of events, disintegration, decay, and anarchy would follow as natural con- sequences. "More than a hundred years of successful experiment, and the grand results of the late war prove the fallacy of these con- jectures. "You went out thoroughly imbued with sentiments of justice and honor. We were not then, nor are we now, called upon to advocate or defend the cause of war on general principles. Tak- ing into account the full measure of the horrors of war— and its horrors can not be described nor exaggerated — still there are some things worse than war. The life of a nation, to which is com- mitted the dearest interests of humanity, if assailed, must be defended by all the means and resources of the nation; and in our case, the national honor and the existence of all that was dear to humanity, was defended, vindicated, and saved by the prompt ac- tion of the citizen-soldier. Justice and honor were prominent among the mottoes inscribed upon our banners, — justice to that posterity which must come after us, and whose rights and interests we must not forget, and whose reasonable expectations we dare not disap- point ; the honor of the human race, the honor of the American continent, from the days of Columbus — from 1776 to all time to come — all these and much more were involved. "You went out at the country's call, knowing that war meant killing, and you went to kill or to be killed ; but you went out a merciful hand. War and mercy seldom meet on the same field of strife, and yet when you had won the hard-fought field — as you gener-, ally did — an act of vengeance or cruelty was unknown among you ; you never struck a fallen foe, or even reproached a captured 560 MATTERS OF ASTONISHMENT. enemy. On the contrary, you divided rations with your prisoner, and gave him, in his destitution, of your scanty wardrobe. You made him forget that he was a captive among strangers, much less among enemies. Many acts of mercy were visible in your acts and movements as soldiers, while unnecessary severity was unknown in camp, country, or field ; and while you fought as only Americans can fight — fought successfully, bravely fought — when you stacked your arms at the last, no blood-stains were upon your armor; in the palm of each and every hand was written, and on every brow was inscribed, in legible characters, ' Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy.' " You Avent out a God-fearing band. No soldier of the 73d was ever accused of cowardice ; none ever flinched or faltered in the line of duty, or turned aside from or shirked responsibility. One fear only was ever present with you, and that was the fear of God. You were thoroughly imbued with the written sentiment that, ' If I regard iniquity in my heart, the Lord will not hear me.' In one of London's great centers is a monument erected to one of England's greatest soldiers, General Havelock. I have had occa- sion to say to more than one Englishman, while approving all the honors lavished upon the great Christian soldier, that I could show them a whole regiment of Havelocks in our late war in America. " We claim no honors which belong to others, but we do claim what is ours of right to claim. I was surprised in reading General Sheridan's Memoirs, with the very meager mention made of the 73d, and the more so since it was the gallant conduct and fighting qualities of the regiment chiefly that brought to him promotion. "Three things have been matter of astonishment to soldiers and statesmen in Europe as to the volunteer service in the United States, viz.: "First. The promptness with which our people responded to the country's call, and the alacrity with which they hastened to positions of imminent danger. " Second. The efficiency with which they discharged the duties and responsibility of trained soldiers ; and " Third. The willing cheerfulness with which the volunteer, now become a veteran soldier, resumed the duties and vocations of citizenship. "As to the first mystery, it only shows what self-government will do for a people capable of governing themselves. We may speak of the American citizen only as we would speak of those SACRED MEMORIES. 561 great physical outlines of our great country, and after which God has fashioned the great souls of the past, present, and future of the Nation; viz., the grand prairie, the Mississippi River, aud the Rocky Mountains. The second is solved by the fact of our good sense, which adapts us to any and all responsibilities. And the second mystery is explained further and made clear in the fact that a man with a rifle in hand, who can hit a squirrel's head in the tallest tree that grows in his native wood, will not fail to locate his bullets in the right place. Such skill was possessed by a heavy per cent of the 73d. "Third: when your services were no longer required at the front, and they were needed at the ballot-box, you returned of choice to civil life, full of the grandest impulses of which the human heart is capable, and an appreciation of family, home, friends, and happy country unknown to you, and which your army experiences taught you to enjoy. You entered upon a new life, and a grateful country welcomed your return, and caught the fire of your enthusiasm, and, inspired with new life and renewed energy, has advanced in all the arts of civilization unknown before in the history of the world — to all of which your services have furnished their full share of influence. " Compatriots of the 73d Illinois Volunteers, your former colonel greets you with a heart full of love and admiration. A thousand sacred memories cluster about me at this time — beloved memories, which lapse of time will brighten and strengthen, but can never deface or obliterate. What our gallant regiment achieved, you did, and did so well and so thoroughly that it could not have been better done than you did it. " Seventy-third has become a sacred number with me, whether on the street, or room in hotel, or elsewhere ; it always fills me with pleasant memories, and with delightful emotions. If I see a locomotive on the track numbered 73, drawing a train, passenger or freight, it matters not how long or heavy, up a grade, or down hill, I say in my heart, that train will make the trip ; 73 wins every time and in all places.* * Colonel Jaquess was invited to officiate in opening a Church ba- zaar in London. After the opening ceremonies, a committee took charge of the American colonel, escorted him through the place, pointed out to him a beautiful stall furnished, and managed by the Princess of Wales, and claimed the colonel's special attention to a most charmingly beautiful chair, with a great deal of ornamental work 36 562 OUR FALLEN COMRADES. " Comrades of the 73d, I learned to love and admire you when you were covered with the sweat and dust of labor, and when your faces were black with the powder and smoke of battle. " Your noble deeds have passed into history, and nothing that I could say of your courage and bravery could add the slightest luster to the brilliant wreaths that encircle your brows, or sparkle on your uniforms, or adorn your persons. Our fallen comrades have hallowed their memories by what they did side by side with us, and by an act beyond which no act of patriotism can possibly go, in that last act of loving devotion in which they yielded up their precious lives. When a monument of marble or granite shall be erected to memorialize the deeds of the 73d, let the highest niche in that polished shaft be devoted to the loving memory of our worthy dead; and only a little below that, let the private sol- dier's name be inscribed, next the commissioned officers', rank, field, and staff, and last place your colonel's name where it belongs, in some obscure corner." Note. — For many of the facts, and much of the statement, con- tained in this chapter, we are indebted to Captain Henry A. Castle, of St. Paul, Minn. W. H. N. May 28, 1890. on it, worked by the princess's own hands, and requested him to take a chance in it. There were some two hundred chances of ten shillings, or some two dollars and fifty cents each. The colonel yielded to the earnest solicitation, wrote his name opposite the number 73 on the paper, and next day was informed by letter that he had drawn the chair. The colonel says 73 did it. '^S^y^s^^S^j^M^ ^J5=5ijKyJ3S^JJ>S5j|pJ^ A0 EXACT DUPLICATE COPY OF CHAPTER IX IN THE HISTORY OF U ^he fFeaQhei? RegirT^ePife,' ? « SEVENTY-THIRD ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. Among the number of topics treated in Chapter IX is that of TflE 6RI6IN^Ii BUMPER, by Capt. G. W. Patten, St. Elmo, Tenn., who is quite sure he can establish the claim that the term "BUMMER" originated in Company B. & 1 s fl|VIONG OTHEH TOPICS Af*E : Experience in Prison early in 1863. Lieut. Lawrence. Providential Eseape from the Enemy. R. M. Hoskinson. P^eminiseenee of liineoln, 1860. W. M. Thaler. Rail-making 1 , Foraging — tcuo aeeounts. E. S. Turner. Captured, Recaptured, and Surrendered Bible. C. W. Keely. Experience in Prison, 18 months, of John L,. Hesser. Prison Eseape, Supplemental Sketeh. W. H. Newlin. I Send for Chapter IX. Much of the matter in it is of general, some 'storical, interest. Paper cover. Price, 25 cents single copy, post- six copies $1.00. Address, inclosing P. O. Money-order, W. H. NEWLIN, Springfield, III. *k X