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INFRINGERS ARE WARNED. IffiSFftLDING TRADE- MARK QUALITY AND SELLING POLICY ^Constitute the Solid Foundation op the Spalding Business America^sNational Game By A. G. SPALDING Price, $2.00 Net A book of 600 pages, profusely illustrated with over 100 full page engravings, and having sixteen forceful cartoons by Homer C. Davenport, the famous American artist The above work should have a place in every public library in this country, as also in the libraries of public schools and private houses. The author of "America's National Game" is conceded, always, everywhere, and by every- body, to have the best equipment of any living writer to treat the subject that forms the text of this remarkable volume, viz., the story of the origin, development and evolution of Base Ball, the National Game of our country. Almost from the very inception of the game until the present time — as player, manager and magnate — Mr. Spalding has been closely iden- tified with its interests. 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SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY a N< Giving the Titles of all Spalding Athletic Library Books now ^ ^ : ) in print, grouped lor ready reference ^ ^ SPALDING OFFICIAL ANNUALS 1 Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide lA Spalding's Official Base Ball Record IC Spalding's Official College Base Ball Annual 2 Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide 2A Spalding's Official Soccer Foot Ball Guide 4 Spalding's Official Lawn Tennis Annual 6 Spalding's Official Ice Hockey Guide 7 Spalding's Official Basket Ball Guide 7A Spalding's Official Women's Basket Bali Guide 8 Spalding's Official Lacrosse Guide 9 Spalding's Official Indoor Base Ball Guide I2A Spalding's Official Athletic Rules Group L No. 1 Base Ball Official Base Ball No. 231 Spalding Guide. No. lA Official Base Ball Record. No. Ic College Base Ball Annual. No. 202 How to Play Base Ball. No. 223 How to Bat. No. 232 How to Run Bases, No. 230 How to Pitch. No. 229 How to Catch. No. 225 How to Play First Base. No. 226 How to Play Second Base. No. 227 How to Play Third Base. No. 228 How to Play Shortstop. No. 224 How to Play the Outfield. f How to Organize a Base Ball League. [Club. How to Organize a Base Ball How to Manage a Base Ball Club. How to Train a Base Ball Team How to Captain a Base Ball How to Umpire a Game. [Team ^ Technical Base Ball Tei-ms. No. 219 Ready Reckoner of Base Ball Percentages. No. 350 How to Score. BASE BALL AUXILIARIES No. 355 Minor League Base Ball Guide No. 356 Official Book National League of Prof. Base Ball Clubs. No. 340 Official Handbook National Playground Ball Ass'n. Group II. Foot Ball 1^0.2 Spalding'sOfficial Foot Ball Guide No. 324 How to Play Foot Ball. No. 2a Spalding' s Official Soccer Foot Ball Guide. No. 286 How to Play Soccer. No. 335 How to Play Rugby. FOOT BALL AUXILIARIES No. 351 Official Rugby Foot Ball Guide. No. 358 Official College Soccer Foot Ball Guide. Group III. Cricket No. 277 Cricket and How to Play It. Group IV. 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GEORGE W. ORTON. r Spalding's Athletic Library Athletic Training for School Boys Edited by Geo. W. Orton Published by the American Sports Publishing Company 21 Warren Street, New York W 0^ 0\^\^, ^^^ Copyright, 1913 BY American Sports Publishino Company New York ©CI.A347798 CONTENTS PAGE Introduction ....... 5 General Ideas on Training . 7 Sprinting . 17 220 Yards . 25 440 Yards 29 880. Yards 35 The Mile 39 The Two Mile 47 Cross-Country Running 51 120 Yard Hurdle 57 220 Yard Hurdle 65 High Jump 71 Broad Jump . 77 Pole Vault 83 The Shot 87 The Hammer. 92 The Discus . 9'i BOOKS FOR ATHLETES Spalding Athletic Library Series Price io Cents Per Copy No. 27. No. 182. No. 156. No. 87. No. 273. No. 252. No. ■255. No. 174. No. 259. No. 55. No. 246. No. 12 A. No. 357. No. 302. No. 313. No. 314. No. 317. No. 331. No. , 342. College Athletics. All-Around Athletics, . Athletes' Guide. Athletic Primer. Olympic Games at Athens. How to Sprint. How to Run 100 Yards. Distance and Cross-Country Running. How to Become a Weight Thrower. Official Sporting Rules. Athletic Training for Schoolboys. Spalding's Official Athletic Rules. hitercollegiate A. A. A. A. Official Handbook. Y. M. C. A. Official Handbook. Public Schools Athletic League Official Handbook. ' Official Handbook Girls' Branch Public Schools Athletic League. Mar at ho f I Ru n nhig. Schoolyard Athletics. Walking for Health and Competition, SPALDING'S OFFICIAL ATHLETIC ALMANAC, Price 25 Cents. X INTRODUCTION k Geo. W. Orton was born at Strathroy, Canada, January lo, 1873. When still very young, he fell while climbing trees and received a blood clot on the brain. Until this absorbed, he was partially paralyzed. But this seemed to leave him when he was about twelve years of age, and though still very delicate, he at once began to run, being known in the village as "The boy who never walked." Besides his running, he was active in all the school sports, and when but fourteen years of age played lacrosse on an intermediate team and played on a first-class Association foot ball team. He was to enter Toronto University in 1890, and began to train during the summer to strengthen a weak knee that had been injured at foot ball. His father noticed that t"he youngster was running fast and entered him in a set of open sports. To the great astonishment of the boy, he won both the half and the mile, and a month later, at the Canadian champion- ships, he showed such improvement, that he raced A. B. George of the old Manhattan A. C. to the tape in 4 minutes 27 4-5 seconds. The next year, by beating Tommy Conneff in the American mile championship, and by making a new Canadian record of 4 minutes 21 4-5 seconds, at the Canadian champion- ships, Orton was everywhere recognized as a great runner. The next season he continued to win, and was very prominent in sport until 1900, since when he has gradually dropped out of competitive athletics. During his time in athletics he won the mile championships of America and Canada six times, the two mile American steeplechase championship nine times, the cross country American championship and the ten mile American cham- pionship. In college sport he was also successful, winning the Intercollegiate A. A. A. A. mile championsliip twice, and making a record of 4 minutes 23 2-5 seconds. After leaving college he figured in some very important races, winning the two mile steeplechase championship of England in Spalding's Athletic Library, 1897, this being the only English distance championship that has ever been won by a non-Britisher. In 1900, at the Olympic Championships, though defeated in London the previous week, he again won the steeplechase championship. He was the only American to win a world's championship in a distance event, and his victory was very much taken to heart by the English contingent, who, however, had nothing to say because of the re- markable time made in the race. For years Orton has busied himself with the interscholastic athletics of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia in particular. He has had great influence on the sport and can congratulate himself on the fact that at the present time this district has risen to the front in scholastic track and field athletics. Orton still does a lot of running to keep himself in condition, while he is Captain of the Belmont Cricket Club Association foot ball team, and keeps in shape all winter by playing this hardy game. J, E. Sullivan, Spalding's Athletic Library, GENERAL IDEAS ON TRAINING No matter what special event one may be training for, whether it be the half-mile, cross-country, the sprints or the high jump, there are certain general matters that apply with equal force to all of these lines of endeavor. In order that we shall not be under the necessity of repeating these general principles of training Avhen dealing with each separate event, we shall take them up here in this preliminary chapter. Very many of our schools now have coaches or gymnasium in- structors qualified to examine a boy as to the condition of the vital organs, especially the lungs and heart. Wherever this is possible, the boy should be examined prior to beginning athletic training. This may be doubly beneficial in that it may indicate what kind of sport is best fitted for the upbuilding of the body, and it may save the life and health of the boy by restraining him from entering some of the more strenuous games in which he might receive permanent injury. But the boy should remember that he must not despair merely because the examination shows him to be in poor condition. This is the very kind of a boy need- ing exercise, only it should be taken under capable supervision and in moderation. In this way the weak heart will become strengthened, or the weak lungs permanently cured. Then the cured youth may enter the very sports which previously had been too trying for him. BEGIN EASILY. The first week of training is always full of accidents, stramed tendons and sore muscles. In almost every case these things are due to a desire on the part of the athlete to begin hard training at once. ''Make haste slowly" is a very good motto for the athlete, Spalding s Athletic Library. g and no matter what line of sport one may be going in for, the first week's training should be light and of a general character. If the athlete has plenty of time, no fast or hard work should be done for at least ten days. This will give time for the muscles to get into shape and it will also tone up the whole system. It is surely inviting disaster for a sprinter to begin sprinting the first day out or for a distance runner to run a mile on time on his initial appearance. Get into good physical shape and work grad- ually up to your event. BUILD UP THE BODY. Track athletes, especially schoolboys, depend too much on the legs for success. It is all very well to have a fine pair of legs, but without a good body above them they will not amount to much. I do not mean by a "good body" that it is necessary to have a Sandow show of muscles on back and abdomen. But it is necessary to have strength in the body, especially in the back and abdominal regions. Especial attention should also be paid to ex- ercises that will develop the heart and luhgs. Club swinging, dumb-bell work and deep breathing exercises will develop the chest. Body movements (either with or without dumb-bells), from the erect position until the fingers touch the floor, move- ments from side to side, and similar e'xercises, will strengthen the back and abdominal muscles. A very good exercise for this pur- pose will be found by lying down, placing the hands back of the head and then drawing up the legs outstretched to a perpendicular position several times. This exercise can be varied by keeping the legs still and rising to a sitting posture several times. It is most important that the body should be very strong and wiry, and I lay especial emphasis on this because so many scholastic track athletes neglect their bodies and then wonder why they do not improve. Those trying for the field events will see at once the force of the above, for in all the field events the body is just as important as the legs. ^ « < 880 YARDS. The half-mile is another event in which Americans make a most enviable showing. This race is based on stamina but it :is yet in the domain of the middle distances, and this means that the speed factor is very important. The quarter-mile lies just out- side the boundary between the sprints and the middle distances. The half-mile is just inside the distance limits. In other words, stay is more important than speed for the half. Here again the long, easy strider has the advantage, although many good half- milers have been short men and short striders. The half-miler must, however, have considerable speed for the first quarter of the half is i;un fast. When C. J. Kilpatrick ran his world's record half-mile in i minute 53 2-5 seconds he covered the first 440 yards In 53 2-5 seconds. A corresponding pace may be ex- pected in running this distance. For instance, if a boy were to run a half-mile in 2 minutes 5 seconds, he should do the first quarter in 59 seconds. If he were running the half in 2 minutes 10 seconds, the first quarter should be covered in i minute 2 seconds. It will be found that in all distances, from the quarter up, the best speed must be obtained in the first part of the race. The half-miler must then run 440 yards and 220 yards and do some sprinting in order that he may develop speed, for other- wise he will not be able to stand the fast pace for the first quarter. He should also do some training at one thousand yards and even the three-quarter mile to develop stay. The best dis- tance for getting the half-mile pace is 660 yards. This can be run at half-mile racing speed without distressing the athlete, while at the same time it gives him practice in the pace he will have to carry in a race. The matter of form is always important. Our most successful THE POLE VAULT. FIG. 8— Phillips of Cornell. The turn is being made and the legs are being swung over the bar. FIG. 9-McLanahan of Yale. This picture illustrates very well the push-up that finally gives the body its highest elevation and that gets the chest and arms out of the way of the bar. Spalding's Athletic Library, ^7 half-milers have been rather tall with a long, easy stride. The pace is so fast that a long, easy strider will have the advantage over the short strider or the runner who plods along in poor form. But one must not despair if these requirements of form are lacking, for it is possible to overcome such difficulties by great staying qualities. Many English runners give a miserable exhibition of form but they have so much stay that they keep going and cover the ground in fine time. Parsons of Yale, the intercollegiate half-mile champion of 1904, can hardly be called a pretty runner but he gets the most out of himself and runs very fast for this distance. But all young runners should strive for easy action and a long stride if they are candidates for the half-mile. The young runner must not be too anxious to lengthen out his stride, for then he will overstride, and this, being ex- hausting, is worse than understriding. Here again the athlete must study his own shortcomings. If he has stay without speed then he should devote much time to sprinting and 440-yard running. If, on the other hand, he has the speed but lacks staying qualities, then he must run over the half, running one thousand yards, three-quarter miles and even miles occasionally. WEEKLY SCHEDULE FOR TRAINING. Monday. Two or three short sprints. 880 yards, the last 220 yards at good speed. If not tired, jog a quarter. Tuesday. 660 yards at half-mile racing speed, finishing out the half in easy fashion. After a rest, jog a quarter. Wednesday. Two or three short sprints. 1,000 yards, running the first quarter at half-mile racing speed and striding out the rest of the distance. Thursday. 300 yards fast, paying especial attention to the stride. After a rest, an easy half-mile. Friday. Two or three short sprints. 600 yards at half-mile racing speed. Saturday, Race day. Half-mile on time. THE POLE VAULT. FIG. 10. Gring of Harvard. This photo is taken on the far side of the bar. It also illustrates the push-up as in the previous picture. It is a very good illustration of the way in which the legs ought to be thrown into the air. Photo by Ruggles. Spalding' s Athletic Library, 3g The mile is generally regarded as the blue ribbon distance event. In America the one hundred yards is looked on as the most important track event. In England the mile champion is regarded as the greatest track athlete of the year. The mile is a real distance race and on this account the runner must make certain that he has the stamina necessary for the distance. An acquaintance^with all the American champions from the time of Day, Carter and Conneff to the present day, and a knowledge of their methods and development, teaches that the best way to develop stay is to run and to keep on running. All our best distance men have done a lot of running. Either through liking or otherwise they saw that the only way to success was along the path of work. Conneff would do more running in a week of his training than many of our would-be champions do in a month. It is remarkable how strong and wiry an athlete may become through distance running. Distance runners are able to run miles without fatigue. The scholastic athlete must not, however, take the above remarks too seriously and doi too much work. But he should try to develop a love for running and always be ready to have a spin. The young athlete as a matter of development should see that he covers the distance. This is the basis of success. After he has acauired the ability to run through the mile he should be- gin to think about pace. To be a success on the track not only must the miler be able to carry a good pace, but he must have such a knowledge of pace that he will not run too fast or too slow. The young runner can get a knowledge of pace by having himself timed and by watching in what time he does each quar- ter. Gradually his sense of space will tell hira at what speed THE POLE VAULT. FIG. 11. Gardiner of Syracuse. This photo illustrates the way in which the legs are thrown down and the arms back over the bar from the position in Figs. 9 and 10. Note also that the pole has been flung back. Photo by Pearce. Spalding s Athletic Library. 41 he is running and he will thus be able to run the mile showing headwork. Many and many a mile race has been won by head work. Though the prime requisite for a miler is that he shall have the necessary stay, it is also obligatory that he have a certain amount of speed. The great fault to be noted in the training of most milers is that they pay no attention at all to speed. Very seldom will you find a miler doing any sprinting or quarter- mile running or even half-mile work. But day after day he is to be found plodding around at the mile distance. The con- sequence is that his pace does not increase and his speed is at a standstill. The more speed a miler has the better. We have stated in dealing with the quarter-mile that the athlete must make sure that he has speed and after that stay. With the miler the reverse is the truth. He must have stay and in his training for speed he should not neglect this very important matter. But he must have some speed. He should do some sprinting. This will liven up his gait and help to lengthen out his stride. He should do quite a little quarter-mile work, while some speedy half-mile work will also help him. It is very useful exefcise for a miler to run quarter-miles, using the same style as in the mile, only at a faster pace. It is also beneficial for him to run half-miles at fast mile pace, say about three or four seconds faster than the time in which he would cover the first half-mile of his mile. This practice will help his pace, for the good miler must develop quite a speedy pace. We have remarked already on the necessity of having a good body. This is absolutely necessary for the mile runner. He must have great heart and lung development and be strong across the back and in the abdominal region. Exercises for the body should thus be regular. The miler should have an easy gait. He cannot carry a long stride but he should endeavor to get as much distance in his stride as is possible without exertion. The arms and body should work in harmony with the legs. In fact, one of the most important things the miler has to learn is harmony of action. THE POLE VAULT. FIG. 12. Moore of Princeton. This illustration shows the great effortr neces- sary to recover equilibrium. Some attention should be pa'd to this point, as it will avoid, perhaps, an injury when in an important competition. Photo by Pearce. Spalding's Athletic Library, ^2) Heart, lungs, arms, body and legs should work rythmically and together if the best results are to be obtained. It is perhaps asking too much of the scholastic athlete to get to this perfec- tion, but he can at least strive toward it. Many inquiries have been made as to the best way to run the mile. This must, of course, depend on the individual. On gen- eral principles, however, the first half-mile of the race should be run considerably faster than the last half, as it is always easier to get up speed when fresh. Some runners with little speed back of them run the mile at a decreasing rate of speed all the way. They run the first quarter fast, the second a little more slowly, the third still more slowly, andnhe last even more slowly. But most of 3ur nodern milers, having learned the value of speed, run on the following plan : The first quarter is fast, the half- mile is reached in fast time also. Then, during the third quarter, the athlete slows somewhat and then runs the last quarter as fast as possible. It is possible to run the last quarter fast, even though one may be "dead" at the three-quarters if one can learn to change one's gait. The quarter-milcr runs further up on the toes than the miler and the hip muscles are brought into play much more. If the athlete then at the three-quarter pole can get up on his toes, get his hips working and run like a quarter-miler he will be using new muscles and will probably run the last quarter fast. This is the principle, but it is very difficult to put into practice, though many of our best men have mastered the trick. The ability to make this change of gait depends greatly on the strength of the body. The young miler can think over this factor in finishing the mile and he can try to do it. He may not succeed, but he will probably be laying the basis for success in his later work on the track. To give a better idea of what pace should be run, we offer the following: If the boy wants to run the mile in 5 minutes 30 seconds, he should run the first quarter in i minute 15 sec- onds, the half in 2 minutes 40 seconds, the three-quarters in 4 minutes 10 seconds. If a five-minute mile is to be run his frac- tional time should be : quarter, i minute 10 seconds ; half, 2 THE BROAD JUMP. FIG. 1. Tinnitt of New York University beginning his run. It will be noted "^That'in'thisTvent the athlete takes a much longer run^han^su^sed in the high jump. rnuu^ y Spalding's Athletic Library. 45 minutes 25 seconds; three-quarters, 3 minutes 45 seconds. If a 4:40-mile is to be run, the fractional time should be: Quarter, I minute 6 seconds; lialf, 2 minutes 16 seconds; three-quarters 3 minutes 30 seconds. TRAINING SCHEDULE. Monday. Mile, going the first 440 yards at mile racing speed and then pacing through the rest. A short sprint or two. If not tired, jog a half. Tuesday. 880 yards at a fast gait, finishing the mile at a jog. Wednesday. Two or three short sprints. A fairly fast 440 yards. After a rest, jog a mile. Thursday, i]^ miles, running the first half at mile racing speed and then jogging the rest of the way. Friday. Two or three short sprints. 660 yards at half-mile racing speed. If not tired, jog three-quarter miles. Saturday. Race day. Mile on time. THE BROAD JUMP. FIG. 2. Sheffield of Yale hitting the take-off. The illustration shows that Sheffield has hit the take-off perfectly. Note the effort he is making: with arms, body and right leg to get elevation. Spalding's Athletic Library. 47 The two-mile run is generally regarded as supplementary to the mile, that is, it is run after the mile and by those who have already competed at the shorter distance. In this case the miler should train as for the mile, merely jogging further than he would otherwise do, and running a mile and a half and two miles on time occasionally. He should run the distance often enough so that he can judge what pace he ought to take. The remarks on the mile in reference to pace, to harmony of action and to developm.ent of bodily strength apply here with equal force. It often happens that a runner who has not sufficient speed for the mile will take up the two mile, hoping by his ability to go all the way that he will be close up at the finish. The very facf that this athlete cannot run the mile fast enough for that race shows that speed is lacking. This athlete should try to develop speed by running less than the two miles. He should run three- quarter miles and the mile at a fast gait frequently, and he should also do a little sprinting. In this way he will improve his pace and be able to stand the fast pace the miler will put up for the first mile of the two miles. The two-mile runner should not shrink from covering 2V2 or 3 miles occasionally. Both the mile and two-mile runner will benefit greatly by running cross-country during the cross-country season. As usual, the first part of this race should be faster than the second. In running two miles in 11 minutes the runner should cover the first half in 2 minutes 30 seconds, the mile in 5 minutes 20 seconds, the mile and a half in 8 minutes 10 seconds. If a 10:30 two-mile is to be run, the half should be in 2 minutes 25 seconds, the mile in 5 minutes 8 seconds, the mile and a half in 7 minutes 55 seconds. THE BROAD JUMP. FIG. y. Staneland of Columbia, the Intercollegiate champion, 1904, in the air. This picture illustrates very well the elevation that is necessary in the broad jump. Stangland's success was due mainly to this im- portant factor in broad jumping. Photo by Pearce. Spalding's Athletic Library. 49 TRAINING SCHEDULE. Those taking this race as an extra to the mile should take the work prescribed for the mile, but lengthen out the jogs and get in an occasional yV-i or 2. miles. For those specializing on the two miles, the following schedule is submitted : Monday. 200-yard run at a fast pace, but not at full speed. A mile and a half, running the first mile at a good pace and jog- ging the rest of the way. Tuesday. Two miles at a steady, strong pace, finishing the last quarter fast. If not tired, after a rest, jog a half at a fair pace. Wednesday. One mile at a good two-mile pace. If not tired, two or three short springs. Thursday. One and one-half miles at a fast two-mile pace. Friday. A speedy half mile, but not fast enough to distress you. Saturday. Race day. Two miles on time. THE BROAD JUMP. FIG. 4. Stangland of Columbia jumping. The picture gives a front view of Stangland jumping. Note, beside the elevation, the way in which he is throwing the body forward. Photo by Pearce. Spalding's Athletic Library. 51 Cross-country running is beginning to be a recognized sport throughout our schools. In England, it is a favorite sport of the boys in a school to have "Hare and Hounds," "Paper Chases," and regular cross-country runs. As this sport is continued by all the clubs and colleges, the consequence is that the English dis- tance runners are the very best in the world. A sign of improve- ment in American distance running is found in the growing popularity of cross-country running. It is hard sport, as far as races are concerned, and on this account the coaches and captains of our school teams should make it as interesting as possible, and not drive the boys too hard. This sport is one most suited to boys and most beneficial for them, as it makes them wiry, and develops both their heart and lungs. But it should not be overdone. The boy should not run too far. Four miles is about the limit for the average school boy, while a mile less is better in most cases. Real cross-country work should be taken if possible. This is better than running along roads, as the good air of the open country is in itself a tonic for anybody. Carrying out the idea of not making the runs too hard for the boys, the pack should be divided into a fast and slow pack or some other means taken so that the fast runners of the team will not distress the slower boys by making too fast a pace. If the pack is small the slow runners should make the pace for half the distance and then the fast runners should be allowed to race home. Or the fast runners can be held at the start and give the slower runners a handicap. It is always an advantage, of course, to have some fast runners in the pack, for if they are handled with good judgment they can be made a means of developing the slower runners without hurting either the fast or slow boys. THE BROAD JUMP. FIG. 5. Tippitt of New York University jumping. Note the good elevation Tippitt has. Note the efforts he is making to throw himself for- ward, but note also that he is not making so good use of his body and arms as is shown in Fig. 4. Photo by Pearce. Spalding's Athletic Library, 53 In training for cross-country races, the first thing to be assured of is that the boys can run the distance. Thii can be secured in about two weeks' training. From then on Ihe endeavor should be to increase the pace. This can be done by gradually increasing the speed and also by having the boys occasionally running three- quarters of the distance at a fast pace. For the slow boys this is a very useful exercise, for they must develop pace if they are to be of any use to the team. The greatest care of the stomach and abdominal muscles must be taken. Here is where most boys are weak. Special exercises should be taken for the abdominal muscles, while extra care of the diet must also be observed. The most common ailment among scholastic cross-country runners is a sort of stitch in the side. This is generally a muscle strain, caused by over-exertion, and can be remedied by body exercises and careful, easy training. The cross-country runner's style should be as perfect as the distance man on the track. He must have that harmony of action which lies at the basis of all success in distance running. In one particular his style should differ from the track runner's. He should run more freely. On the track, no obstacles are to be met with. The athlete can be assured of a smooth course. In cross-country work, however, the athlete runs over all sorts of inequalities of ground. He frequently steps into holes in the grass, or the ground beneath his feet gives way. If he were to run as stiffly or rather with the muscles at the same tension as he does on the track he would run great risk, of straining his ankle or other leg muscles. The cross-country man should therefore run rather loosely, so that when he meets an obstruc-- tion he can swing over it, or if he steps into a hole his muscles will then tighten up and not be strained. No training schedule can be given for this event, as the dis- tances run are so various. The athlete should cover his dis- tance nearly every day and occasionally run over the distance. He should also take occasional runs at a fast pace over half or three-quarters of the distance. In running the race, the first THE BROAD JUMP. FIG. 6. Hammer of Pennsylvania landing. Note that Hammer has thrown his legs well out in front and that his speed, together with the for- ward lunge of his body, will keep him from falling backward and spoiling the distance covered. Photo by Pearce. Spalding's Athletic Library. 55 part should be run fast and then the runner should settle down to his best pace and plug through to the finish. Concluding, it should be stated again that the scholastic athlete should look on cross-country running more as a matter of devel- opment than of competition. He should get all the sport possible out of it and not lay too much stress on racing. THE SHOT PUT, Boyd of Pennsylvania. This is the first position at the rear of the circle. He is bending back, so that his arm will have all the longer swing when it is brought around, and also because he can get a better start from this position. Photo by Pearce. Spalding' s Athletic Library, 57 The high hurdle race is essentially a sprint distance. All the best hurdlers have been fast sprinters. Kraenzlein was feared just as much as a sprinter as he was as a hurdler. Many will remember the lOO-yard Intercollegiate championship that this won- derful athlete won in 1900 when he defeated all the best sprinters in the American colleges and immediately afterward won the high hurdle race in impressive fashion. Kraenzlein, when in Paris the same year, competing in the Olympic Championships, defeated all the best sprinters of the world in a 60-yard race. Stephen Chase, who held the world's record previous to Kraenz- lein, surprised all his mates one year at the fall games of the New York A. C. by running through the 120 yards in 12 seconds. To cover 120 yards and clear ten hurdles under 16 seconds de- mands the greatest agility, attention to form and ability to run fast on the flat. Thus all high hurdlers should make sprinting a very important part of their training. They should sprint regu- larly, for otherwise they will not attain their highest speed over the sticks. The hurdler should practice starting just as assidu- ously as the sprinter, for it is just as important to him. In fact, most hurdlers are very good starters, for the jumping over the hurdles strengthens the very muscles brought into play in start- ing. But they should keep at it and learn to make the most of this important part of their race. But although the hurdler must be a fast sprinter, to make a successful hurdler, he must, of course, have good form over the sticks or he will not be able to bring his speed into play and he will thus perform disappointmgly. The young hurdler should pay the closest attention to form, and while he is a scholastic athlete he should perfect this part of his training, knowing also THE SHOT PUT. FIG. 2. Sheldon of Yale. Sheldon has just begun the glide across the circle. Note that he is not jumping into the air, but is evidently going low in his course across the circle. Note also the snug way in which he is holding the shot. Photo by Pearce Spalding's Athletic Library. 59 that by neglecting this very important matter, he may be getting into such bad habits of form that he will find it impossible to break away from them when he enters college or club competition. The hurdling style has undergone considerable improvement since the days of Cady, Hatch, Puffer and Chase, and it has been due mainly to the ideas introduced by Kraenzlein, the great world's champion and record holder. Kraenzlein did away with the pretty glide over the hurdle and introduced a style which aimed at speed over the hurdle. His aim was to get over the hurdle as quickly as possible. This was the main characteristic of his style and that it is the right idea is shown by the fact that although before his time a 16-second hurdler was recognized as in line for championship honors, now we have numbers of men who can do that, and the college championship is generally won at 15 3-5 seconds or at most 15 4-5 seconds. The general form over the hurdles will be shown to good advantage in the hurdling illustrations. The hurdler should go over the hurdles with body or breast directed straight for the tape. Otherwise the athlete will light on the side of his foot and thus not be able at once to get into his running between tlje hurdles. The forward leg should be thrown over the hurdle and at the same time the body should be thrown forward. The aim of the athlete should be to get his forward foot to the ground as soon as possible and the body will be of the greatest benefit in aiding the hurdler to get down to earth quickly. In other words, the hurdler should not hang in the air, but the leg should be thrown smartly over the hurdle. The athlete should not try to get distance on the other side. It will be found, however, that the hurdler does get almost as much distance on the other side as in the old glide style, due to the force with which the body is thrown forward. The rear leg should be brought up quickly, the idea b.eing to have this leg in its accus- tomed position for sprinting when the forward leg touches the earth. In other words, when the athlete reaches the ground his two legs should be in the same relative position as they would be if no hurdle had been jumped. The tendency, of course, is to THE SHOT PUT. FIG. 3. Rollins of Amherst. The athlete is moving across the circle. He is ■ getting a little too high in the air. Spalding's Athletic Library. 6i drag the rear leg, for it requires no little exertion, both of leg and body and arms, to get the rear leg up fast enough so that it Avill be in its natural posi*^ion for striding out just as soon as the ground is reached on the other side of the hurdle. Three strides should be taken between the hurdles. It is unnecessary to state the hurdle should be cleared as closely as possible. Some hurdlers wear a shin and ankle pad in practice, so that they can graze each hurdle. The hurdler should practice until he gets the exact distance between the hurdles in his stride so that he will always take off at the same distance from the hurdle. Otherwise, at each hurdle the athlete will be either a little further away or a little nearer the hurdle and before the last hurdle is reached he will be out of his stride, and this always means a great decrease in speed. The hurdler should also practice from the start, so that he will be absolutely sure of getting to the first hurdle in good style. He should practice this until he will always take off from the first hurdle at the same distance, and he should also take off from the other hurdles at that distance. The scholastic athlete often finds that it is very difficult to get the form for the hurdles because of his short stride or lack of strength. He should not despair, but should keep on trying to develop good form, for his practice Vv^ill tell in the long run, and when he gets old enough he will be able to run all the way through without weakening. From the illustrations and from the above description of the form in the hurdles it is seen that the body is a very important item in the make-up of- a good hurdler. It is the pivot on which the leg motion turns, or better, it is the fulcrum used in throw- ing the legs quickly and smoothly over the hurdle. The body and arms must be strong. The back and abdominal muscles are greatly in evidence, as it is by throwing the body forward that the forward leg is forced to descend quickly and the glide through the air is thus avoided. Of course hurdling itself will strengthen the above muscles, but the young athlete should not depend on this, but should also take exercises to strengthen his body. THE SHOT PUT. FIG. 4. Boyd of Pennsylvania. Boyd is half through the 'reverse. Mote the great efforts he is making, as shown by his face and the general tenseness of his muscles. Photo by Pearce. Spalding's Athletic Library. dz In training for the event the athlete should practically take the work specified for the sprinter, cutting out the trials for the 100 and replacing this by careful practice over the hurdles them- selves. He must practice the start and he can do this not only by practicing with the sprinters, but also by setting up one hurdle and sprinting for it and clearing it. This event is so hard on the leg muscles that the athlete cannot run through the full distance very often. In his daily practices he should make several dashes over one hurdle from the start and then run over three or four hurdles two or three times. Once or twice a week he should go through the full distance. TRAINING SCHEDULE. Monday. Two short sprints. Four or five starts clearing the first hurdle. Two dashes over three hurdles. ' An easy sprint for 100 yards. The hurdler should not hurry through his train- ing. Tuesday. Three short sprints. Three dashes from the start over two hurdles. A 50-yard dash. Wednesday. Three short sprints. Four dashes from the start over the first hurdle. An easy 220 yards. Thursday. Two short sprints. Two dashes from the start over the first hurdle. A dash over eight hurdles. Friday. Two short sprints. Four dashes over the first two hurdles. A fifty-yard dash. Saturday. Race day. Time trial for the full course,. THE SHOT I'UT. FlU. 5. Schoenfuss of Harvard, the Intercollegiate champion. The Crimson athlete has just finished his put. He also shows extreme effort. Note that he has exactly reversed the position of Boyd in Fig. 1. Spalding's Athletic Library. 65 The 220-yard hurdle is also a sprint distance. It requires more stay than the 120-yard hurdle or the 220 yards on the flat. In- deed the 220-yard race, when run all the way through, necessi- tates that the athlete be in fine condition, have plenty of speed and practically as much stay as the quarter-miler. For some reason this race is considered second in importance to the 120- yard hurdle, just as the 220 yards is not so highly considered as the 100. Very many hurdlers, in fact, the great majority of them, go into the low hurdle race after they have already com- peted over the high sticks. A good high hurdler generally finds no difficulty in learning to run over the low hurdles. This is because the principle is the same. The most up-to-date form in this event approaches as 'nearly as possible to taking the hurdle merely as an elongated stride. This was Kraenzlein's style. He seemed simply to rise slightly in the air, going over the hurdle just as he was between strides, with the forward foot straight ahead and the rear foot coming up naturally for the next stride. He had practically no lateral movement of th? kg. This is the style aimed at by all later hurdlers, but most low hurdlers have more or less lateral leg movement. Kraenzlein's style is very dangerous, as it requires the nicest judgment of distance on the part of the hurdler. All hurdlers aim at this style, but at first they have the lateral movement of the leg, that is, they swing the leg over curving up and inward. The young hurdler will do well to begin wath this style, and as he progresses, aim at less lateral move- ment of the leg and more speed over the hurdle. The principle is, then, to get over the hurdle quickly and to have the legs and body in their natural . position, for sprinting when the further side of the hurdle is reached. The young athlete will soon get THE SHOT PUT. FIG. 6. Rose o2 the University of Michigan. Rose is also at the finish of his put. He has evidently tried for elevation, as his eyes indicate. Note the leg drive that he has gotten into his put. Photo by Pearce Spalding' s Athletic Library. 67 the forward leg over in good style, but he may have more trouble getting his rear leg up quickly and in the right position for the next stride at the moment the forward leg touches the earth. The low hurdler should go at the hurdles straight as in the high event. In training for this event, the athlete should not neglect sprinting. If he is also going in for the high hurdles, then he should curtail his work in that event and develop his style over the low sticks. He should get his stride to the first hurdle down to a fine point, so that he will always be able to go for it at his best speed. He should also work on his stride between the hurdles until he is sure of taking off at the same distance from each hurdle. Seven strides is the correct number between the hurdles. The young hurdler had rather take nine steps than eight between the hurdres, for the latter will necessitate his hurdling from alternate feet, which is difficult to do. By taking seven or nine strides he will always take off with the same foot. Though, because of youth and shortness of stride, it may be necessary for the young athlete to take nine strides between the hurdles, he should remember that seven is the proper num- ber and, as soon as possible, change to this number. The low hurdler should run through the full distance at least once a week. An occasional quarter-mile will help to develop the stay so neces- sary in this event. The emphasis placed on strength of body and arms for the high hurdles is just as important for this event. The best type of athlete for both hurdle events is the tall long- legged type. The short hurdler has difficulty in getting his strides between the hurdles. The tall hurdler must shorten up if anything. In the high hurdle he can make three swift cat-lik3 steps and be off over the next hurdle. The fact that he muSi shorten his stride gives him more balance, and he can also pay all his attention to getting over the hurdle, while it is, of course, less exhausting than if he were compelled to lengthen out his stride. The same remarks hold for the low hurdle. It is. even more important in this race, for it is much easier for the THE HIGH JUMP. FIG. 1. Victor of Yale. The high jumper should not take too long a run. The illustration shows Vietor of Yale beginning his run for the bar. He runs not more than 20 yards and only the last few strides fast. • Note the tenseness of the body. Photo by Pearce. Spalding's Athletic Library, 6g long-legged athlete to develop the best form in this event. The short-legged hurdler is practically physically incapable of taking the hurdle in his stride. He may do so, but there will always be a glide through the air instead of the short, snappy way in which the taller athlete gets over the hurdle. But though it is a dis- advantage to be short for these events, the short athlete should not despair, as he may make up in speed and agility what he lacks in natural advantages. Still, it looks more than a coincidence that Chase, Puffer, Kracnzlem, Mahoney, Bremer, Converse and Clapp, the fastest hurdlers of the past decade, should all have been tall men. TRAINING SCHEDULE. Momday. Two dashes from the mark over the first hurdle. Two dashes over two hurdles. Tuesday. Three dashes over the first hurdle. One dash over four hurdles. IVcdncsday. Two dashes over three hurdles. If not tired, a fair quarter-mile. Thursday. Three. dashes over the first hurdle. One dash over six hurdles. Friday. Two dashes over the first hurdle. A smart 220-yard dash. Saturday. Race day. Time trial over the full distance. The above schedule presumes that the athlete is taking, in addition, the 120-yard hurdle training. This and the above may prove a little too much. In that case, he should cut out a little from each schedule, as it is generally a good principle that the ^ athlete should not exhaust himself in his training. In his trial spins, of course, he should do his very best. If the athlete is training only for the low hurdles, he should then increase the above schedule accordingly. THE HIGH JUMP. FIG. 2. Vietor of Yale is just rising to the bar. He is using a sort of "shoot" style, but it is practically the same as described in the chapter on the high jump. His forward leg is practically over the bar. Spalding' s Athletic Library. ^\ America has led the world in field sports for several years. Formerly, the English and Irish athletes were on a par with us, but in recent years the English have retrograded very much, while the Irish have made little, if any, improvement. America's supremacy is due, in the first place, to the attention given to form, and secondly, to the popularity of the field events, thus interesting a large number of contestants. Because of the varying conditions and the many peculiarities of field athletes, we have thought it best not give a detailed training schedule for the field events. We give a general idea and ask each athlete to study his own needs and capabilities and act accordingly. "Form, perfection of form," should be the watchword of the field athlete. HIGH JUMP. In the high jump, as in the other field events, the importance of style cannot be overestimated. An athlete may have every natural advantage in spring and agility for the high jump, but if he does not know the best way to jump he cannot do his best. The most natural style of high jump is what may be called the scissors jump. In this style, the athlete runs at an oblique angle toward the bar, throws over one leg and follows it with the other. This stjile is capable of development only to a limited degree. The up-to-date style is much more complicated, though it is only an improvement on the former way of jumping. In the modern style, the jumper runs straight at the bar. When a short distance away he swerves slightly, and digging his heel into the earth, he springs upward. He throws his right leg up at the same time and aids this upward motion by a mighty swing up of his right arm and chest. These movements are calculated to raise the body and to get the right leg over the bar. In addition THE HIGH JUMP. FIG. 3. The illustration again shows Vietor jumping. Note the control that he has over his body. By throwing the left arm up and back, and by doing the same with his left shoulder, he will lift his left thigh out of the way and clear the bar. Photo by Pearce Spalding* s Athletic Library. 73 to these movements, the athlete turns as he rises, so that when at his highest height the right side of his body is parallel to the bar. Having raised his body and swung his right leg into the air, he brings the right leg smartly down on the further side of the bar and simultaneously swings the left leg up and over the bar. The swing up of the left leg is aided by bringing up the left arm smartly and throwing the body back. As the turn given the body will naturally continue, the jumper will alight facing the bar. The keynote to success in making the above movements at precisely the right time depends mainly on the body. The small of the back should be used as a sort of fulcrum and every move- ment should be under the control of the jumper. To give the above directions in brief one might say that after making the leap from the ground, the jumper flings up the right leg and arm over the bar. They are then swung downward while the left leg and arm are flung upward, and at the same time the body is swung backward and outward to keep it from hitting the bar. The one additional point to be noted, is that in rising to the bar the jumper should make a turn that will bring his right side parallel to the bar. If the jumper takes off with the left foot, then the motions are the same, only the left foot and arm begin the movement. The above is the style of Sweeney and Baxter, the most eco- nomical jumpers we have ever had; that is, they covered a higher height with this style than can be done with any other. But many of our jumpers have peculiarities of style which seem best for their own individual selves. But they all jump on the above prin- ciple. This is to get the best spring into the air that is possible; to help the upward motion of the body by the arms and legs, and lastly, to so swing those arms and legs that the highest height will be covered without dislodging the bar. Many jumpers "shoot" over the bar, going over it almost in a lying-down posture. W. Byrd Page, one of the greatest high jumpers that ever lived, and still the holder of the college record at 6 feet 4 inches, had a style unlike any of the modern jumpers. It was peculiarly his own, though it has many points in its favor. THE HIGH JUMP, FIG. 4. Lowe of Syracuse clearing the bar. Note that his style is quite dif- ferent from the foregoing. He is using the "shoot" style. Note the way he has his left leg tucked up and the left arm and shoulder held in. He will clear the bar by bringing down his right arm smartly and throwing the body away from the bar. Pearce Photo Spalding's Athletic Library, 75 If it were possible to get the force of his initial spring into the modern style, the present records would soon be shattered. Page jumped practically as a cat or greyhound. He seemed almost to jump from, all fours, though he merely got down low for his jump. He threw all the force of his body into the upward motion and drew up his knees and legs so that he shot over the bar like a rubber ball. He turned in the air and as his knees were drawn up close to his head he got very mu"ch the same effect as do the modern jumpers who shoot over the bar. The above indicates that the young jumper should not hold himself down slavishly to any style. Let him get the principle and aim at the style first noted, but if that proves unsuited, let him modify it to suit his own peculiar capabilities. If the young athlete has no coach, he should then do his best to get the style first described, for without older advice he will hardly be able to judge whether this style is suited to him or not. The high jumper needs plenty of spring and liveliness. If he trains every day he is likely to lose the snap that is so necessary for his best efforts. Five times a week is quite often enough for the jumper to practice. Until he gets the form, he should not be too anxious for height. He should put the bar at a fairly easy height and practice over it, trying to develop precision and perfection in the various movements. The young athlete should be especially anxious to obtain good form, for on this will rest his whole future success as a jumper. Not only should the jumper get correct form in clearing the bar, but he should get his "take-off." In other words, he should note where he takes off for the jump and find at what distance from the bar he can make his best effort. He should then note his run towards the bar and selecting some mark, say about seven strides back from this take-off, he should note which foot hits this mark and measure it from the jumping standards. In this way by measuring off the distance he has discovered, and by making sure of placing his foot on this mark as he runs to the bar, the jumper can feel assured that he will take off always at the right distance from the bar. Another method of getting the take-off will be given in dealing with the broad jump. THE HIGH JUMP. FIG. 5. Moffat of Pennsylvania clearing the bar. Note that Moffat is using both arms to help his elevation. This, however, leaves his left hio too much in evidence and he would do better to throw the left arm up and back. The illustrations for this event indicate that the high jumper cannot slavishly hold himself down to any fixed style. Spalding's Athletic Library. 77 Form is again one of the most important matters to be remem- bered in dealing with the broad jump. Without this, the jumper is wasting his efiforts and his results are disappointing. Four things are necessary to make a good broad jumper. He must be speedy, get his take-off with assurance, get a good rise and use his body to advantage while in the air. The last three qualities are illustrated very well in the pictures showing the broad jump. It seems silly to say that a stone will go further if you throw it fast than if you throw it slowly. On the same principle, the jumper's body will go further, the faster it travels through the air. But though speed is a very important factor in broad jumping, the athlete should not sacrifice the other three points to obtain it. The jumper must know how to govern his speed so that he will leave the take-off in good form. If speed is a desirable thing for the broad jumper, he should try to develop it and on this account he should take the training given in the chapter on the "Sprints," omitting the longer dashes and the trials. One of the first things to be learned is to get the take-off properly. The. take-off board for the broad jump is of wood, and it not only holds the spikes well, but there is a certain amount of spring in it that is not to be gotten from the ground back of the take-off. In addition, as the jump is measured from the side of the take-off nearest the jumping pit, the athlete who jumps from behind the take-off loses ground. That is, he may really jump from a foot back of the take-off, but this foot of space does not count, as the jump is measured from the take- off. It is thus very important that the jumper should get his take-off. An easy way to find out just at what distance back THE HIGH JUMi'. i IL.. h. Vietor of Yale clearing the bar. The illustration shows how the ath- lete lands facing the bar. This is because the half turn that is made to bring the right side parallel with the bar is continued m the movement over the bar. Photo by Pearce, Spalding's Athletic Library. jg one should begin to run to hit the take-off is as follows : Start at the take-off with the foot from which you jump and run for ten strides. Place a mark there. Go back to the take-off and run back fifteen strides. Place another mark there. Then try a jump, placing the foot from which you do not jump on the fifteen-pace mark, and then making sure at much increased speed to also hit the ten-pace mark with the other foot. You should then hit the take-off. The probabilities are that you will not hit the take-off on the first attempt, for in getting the ten- and fifteen- pace marks you will not have run so naturally as you do when making for the jump. But these two marks will give you some- thing to go on and by shifting them either backward or forward you should soon get them settled so that if you hit them as you run past you are sure to strike the take-off. The jumper will find that his take-off will vary a little accord- ing to the condition that he is in. When he has these distances settled he should measure them so that on the day of a compe- tition he can take a tape, get his marks, and then feel confident of hitting the take-off. Confidence in one's ability to hit the take-off will help greatly in the final result. Having gotten his take-off, the jumper should make certain that he will get a good elevation ; in other words, he should not skim the ground, for the inevitable law of gravitation will come into play and he will make a short jump. He should aim at getting a good elevation and he should do this by jumping up and forward and by throwing the arms and body up and forward., When about to land, the jumper should throw the legs forward. H he does not do this he will lose distance. He should pay especial attention to this, as the young jumper is instinctively afraid of falling back. This is, of course, equal to spoiling the jump, but, if in the desire not to fall back, the legs are let down perpendicularly, much distance is lost. By throwing out the legs and throwing the body and arms forward several inches will be gained, while the speed and impetus of the jump should over- come the tendency to fall back, and the jumper should fall for- ward. THE HIGH JUMP. FIG. 7. Murphy of Harvard clearing the bar. M^Phyji^^.^^^/^.^^^'; ^^^^e and practically throws h mself over the bar. In I'lg'. 5. we note ?Sat M?ffat is holding the body too far forward Here we have th* opposite fault of throwing the body too far back. Spalding's Athletic Library, 8i Two other matters remain to be treated. In the first place, the jumper should not run at his full speed right up to the take- ofT. If he does he will not be able to gather himself for the jump, and he thus cannot get the proper elevation from the mark. In addition he will not give his jumping muscles a chance to play their part. Ten or twelve feet from the take-off the jumper should be at top speed. He should then bend every energy toward getting his take-off well and getting a good rise. Many jumpers take a long stride before they hit the take-off. This is a bad fault. The last stride previous to the take-off should be a short one. This will allow the jumper to gather him- self together, get his jumping leg well under him and to get a powerful leg drive. In other words, it will give his jumping muscles full play. If the jumper then runs for the take-off, hitting the places that he has marked, gets his highest speed about ten feet from the take-off, makes his last stride rather short, gets his full leg drive, gets good elevation, and throws himself well forward at the end of the jump, he will be making the most of his oppor- tunities. He should then jump as well as his abilities will per- mit him. The training for the broad jump is quite varied. As in the high jump, the actual jumping should not be practiced every day. This event is even harder on the muscles than the high jump. Four times a wetk is sufficient, though the athlete may, if neces- sary, practice his take-off on the other days of the week. But generally speaking, four days a week should be enough. The jumper should, as noted above, take the training prescribed for the sprinter. If so inclined, he may do a little hurdling. His actual jumping should consist of several tries at the take-off and four or five jumps, taking care each time to try for elevation and the other points necessary in attaining good form and best results in this event, • THE HAMMER THROW. FIG. 1. DeWitt of Princeton, the Intercollegiate champion. DeWitt has just panted himself firmly and is just swing ng; the hammer over to one side, so that he can get a good start with it. Spalding's Athletic Library. 83 P II THE POLE VAULT. Pole vaulting is a sport that has improved greatly the past ten years, owing mainly to the close attention paid to form. Ten years ago a vaulter that could clear 11 feet was counted as having a very rosy chance of winning any championship in which he might be entered. Pole vaulting cannot be said to be an easy event. It requires considerable pluck and a great deal of perseverance. The cor- rect form must be learned. The first thing to learn is to get the take-off. This is to be done in the same way as described for the broad jump. In this event the take-off consists of accuracy in planting the pole in the hole in front of the take-off board and in springing into the air at the best distance from the board. These two things can be definitely learned only by prac- tice and observation. When the take-off has once been ascer- tained, it should be measured with a tape so that the athlete will always be confident of placing his pole properly: This part of the jump should be learned so well that the vaulter will not have to watch his pole until it is planted, thus taking his attention from the next move. Just as the pole is firmly settled, the athlete should leap into the air, aiding himself by a strong pull of the arms. The legs should be thiiown vigorously upwards so that the body will be at an obtuse angle to the pole, with the feet the highest part of the body. In this motion a half turn should be made, so that the front of the body faces the bar. While the legs are being thrown into the air, the lower hand should be slipped up the bar until it touches the other hand. The upper hand must not be moved, nor may the lower hand be placed above the upper. The throw- ing up of the legs will, of course, give the body an upward move- Spalding's Athletic Library. 85 ment, and this should be further increased by pushing up vigor- ously with the arms. This will give the body its highest possible elevation, while the forward impetus, caused by the run before the jump, and the half turn in the air that will be made through throwing the legs upward, will result in the legs and body being poised on the further side of the bar with the arms, or at times only the hands, in the way of the bar. To keep the arms from hitting the bar the legs are thrown down and the arms up and back, the pole being pushed away violently. The vaulter should then be over the bar, and he, should learn to recover his balance before alighting, for otherwise he will get some nasty falls. The important parts of the above movements are the flinging up of the feet and the pushing up of the arms. The vaulter who merely swings himself over the bar will lose from one to two feet in height by not flinging the legs up smartly and finishing up the movement by a vigorous push up of the arms. The half- turn should also not be forgotten. The run toward the bar should be speedy, but, as in the broad jump, the greatest speed should be reached about ten feet before the pole is planted. If the vaulter tries for speed up to the very last stride, he will not be able to use his best efforts in leaving the ground. One more matter will have to be learned by the vaulter. He must know the best height at which to grasp his pole when try- ing for various heights of the bar. This depends very much on the individual and no set rule can be laid down. Each vaulter must experiment until he knows what height suits him best. In training for the vault, the athlete should practice five times a week, though he should not attempt to do his best more than three times a week. On the other days he should devote his attention to attaining good form. The importance of being strong in the arms, shoulders and back can readily be seen, as this event brings these parts of the body directly into play. The vaulter should also do a little easy quarter-mile jogging to strengthen his legs, while he should also practice sprinting frequently. The reader is requested to carefully follow the illustrations for this event. THE HAMMER THROW. FIG. 4— Hare of Pennsylvania. In this picture the hammer is going fast enough, so that the first turn may be made. FIG. 5— ShevHn of Yale. Illustrating the finish of the three turns. FIG. 6— Caught in the act. The athlete has stepped out of the circle and his throw will not count. Spalding' s Athletic Library. 87 The sholpiit is an event in which mere strength and weight are the determining factors. In foot ball it is said that weight does not count for everything. This is very true, but when weight is backed up by knowledge of the game and speed, a winning combination is secured. So in the weight events, if the heavy man backs up his beef by good form and speed, the shot is bound to land a satisfactory distance away from the ring. So we can truthfully say that weight is the determining factor in this event. But the weight should be well distributed. The tail, beefy athlete has the advantage, providing he has the speed. In Beck, George R. Gray, Coe and Rose, we have examples of all conditions of shot putters. Beck and George R. Gray, who in his time was the greatest shot putter in the world, weighed about igo pounds. This is not very heavy, but they were both noted for their speed and perfect form. Coe cannot be more than 5 feet 8 inches tall, but he weighs 240 pounds. He looks like a "pud," but in reality he is of gigantic strength, and for his weight he is wonderfully fast. He can sprint thirty-five yards fast enough to make many a good sprinter hustle. Rose is the giant pure and simple. He is 6 feet 5 inches tall and weighs 240 pounds. He gets his distance mainly through his great strength and long reach. Had he the speed and perfection of form of Beck or Gray, he would do considerably over 50 feet. As Rose is but a boy in age, he is sure to develop more speed and better form in the future, and should thus improve on his present figures. All boys cannot be giants like Rose, but many have in them the makings of a Beck and his success was due to the two factors, perfection of form and speed. Form is thus very important. This can be acquired only by constant practice. The best form in putting the shot will be I inent players and world series scenes; also the latest in lawn tennis, golf and all spring and summer sports. PROMPT AHENTION GIVEI TOANY COMMUNICATIOf ADDRESSED TO US A;G.SPALDING&BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES COMPLETE LIST OF STORES ON INSIDE FRONf COVER II Of THIS BOOK Vrfcy In tfccl Jtmiam 5. 1913. Sukjecl to thonft withnut nolitt., Fw Canadian pritti u* tfttlal Canadian Cataltut, StutUHE SPALDING tJjTRADE-MARK ZZf SPALDING OLYMPIC CHAMPIOHSHIP SHOES AH of these shoes are hand made. Finest kangaroo leather uppers and best white oak leather soles. They are the same style shoe? that we supplied to the American athletes w^ho were so success* (ul at the last Olympic Games, and they are worn in competition by all prominent athletes in this country. Spalding "Olympic Championship" Sprint Running Shoe No. 2-0. Extremely light and glove fit- ting. Hand made steel spikes firmly riveted on. This shoe is worn by all champions in sprint and short distance races. Per pair, $6.00 Spalding "Olympic Championship'* Distance Running Shoe No.l4C. For distance races on athletic tracks. Low, broad heel,flexibleshank. Hand made steel spikes in sole. No spikes in heel. Per pair. $6.00 riOMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS AODRESSEDTOOS ' A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES I FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STOREI SEE INSIDE FRONT COVEB OF THIS BOOR vrricef ia ttf«^ hauar y & l9IX^Su bject tocUnsejritbout noUcc^or Cai>adi*Bpriee»jeo tpecial CAiwdiaD CaUlQ|«» S^E THE SPALDING SPALDIN OLYMPII CHAMFEOBJS SHOES .HIP All of these shoes are hand made. Finest kangaroo leather uppers and best white oak leather soles. They are the same style shoes that we supplied to the American athletes who were so success- ful at the last Olympic Games, and they are worn in competition by all prominent athletes in this country. Spalding "Olympic Championship'' Jumping Shoe No. 14H. Specially stiffened sole. Hand made steel spikes placed as suggested by champion jump- ers. Also correct shoe for shot put- ting, weight and hammer throwing. Per pair. $6.00 Spalding "Olympic Championship" Hurdling Shoe No. 14F. Made on same last as Sprint Running Shoe. Hand made steel spikes. A really perfect shoe for hurdling. Made to order only. Not carried in stock. Per pair, $6.00 'ROMPTAnENTIONGIVENTOl ANY COMMUNICATIONS ' ADDfiESSEO TO US A.G.SPALDING &, BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOB COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVEt OF THIS BOOK O Price, in effect January 5. 1913. Subject to change without notice. For C^a^dUa price, .ee .peciai Canadian Catalogue, liaaMIMa(^t^i^'lJAMr]!lia^ SPALDING OLYMPIC CHAMPIONSHIP SHOES All of these shoes are hand made. Finest kangaroo leather uppers and best white oak leather soles. They are the same style shoes that we supplied to the American athletes w^ho were so success- ful at the last Olympic Games, and they are worn in competition by all prominent athletes in this country. Spalding '^ Olympic Championship'' Pole Vaulting Shoe No. 14V. High cut; special last. Style supplied to record holders for pole vaulting. Hand made steel spikes in sole. One spike in heel. Made to order only. Not carried in stock. Per pair, $6.00 Spalding "Olympic Championship" Walking Shoe No. 14W. For com- petition and match races. This style shoe is used by all champion walkers. Per pair, $5.00 PROMPT mENTION GIVEN TO I, iWI COMMUNICATIONS ^ t' tODBESSEO TO US M A. G.SPALDING &. BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES I FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORE SEE INSIDE FRONT COVEP ! OFTHISBOOI Fii«M bi affMt jMMiMy 6, 1913. Sufajeei to chuige with»al aoOeim, For C»n>Ji>n priM* ••• q^acial CamilUn C*taloflu» SSUHE S[%LDING(ia)TRADE-MARK ^Sr rfJRRRTHOM No. MH. High cut, but light in weight. Well finishedinside so as not to hurt the feet in a long race. Special leather soles, will not wear smooth; light lea- ther heels; special quality black calf- skin uppers. Hand sewed. Pair, $5.00 No. MO. Low cut. Blucher style. Otherwise the same as No. MH. Per pair, $5.00 Keep the uppers of all running shoes soft and pliable by using Spald- ing Waterproof ' Oil. It will greatly add to the wear of shoes. Per can, 25c. A.G.SPALDING &, BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES PBOMPTAnENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US t Prie*. id effect January S. 1913. Sulyoet to chaag. without ootic* Fo» Canadiaa prico. m« ipMiaJ CaMdiaa Catalaf«* FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STOHES L SEE INSIDE FRONT COVEB >* OF THIS BOO! sir THE SPALDING S^ QUALITY. No. 10. Fine quality- calfskin; light weight. Hand made steel spikes. Pair, $5.00 nnni JMMpm: No. 14 J. Good qual- ity calfskin ; partly machine made. Satisfactory quality; durable. Steel spikes. Per pair, $4.50 PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADOIlESSEDTflUS A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPUTE LIST OF STORE! SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK U Price* io effect January S. 1913. Sifbject to change without notice. For CaniHiwn price* *ee *pecial CnnBHiairCat^oyi^ TRADEMARK "^rAiT Emunminii Slh®©^ Mmiiniiniainig §]hi@a§ No. 12. Leather, good quality, com- plete with spikes. Sizes 12 to 5 only. Per pair, $2.75 The prices printedin ital- ics opposite items marked with -j^ will he quoted only or orders for one -ha If dozen or more. Quantity prices NOT allowed 07i items NO Tynarkedzuith-^ No.llT. Calfskin, machine made; solid leather tap sole holds spikes firmly in place. Pair, $4.50 -k $48.00 Doz. No. 11. Calfskin, machine made. Per pair, $3.50 -k $36.00 Doz. PROMPT mENTION GIVEN TO I ANY COMMUNICATION'S ADDRESSEO TO US A. G.SPALDING &. BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES IFOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOl ' Price* in effect Jeouary 5, 1913 Subject to change without notice. For Canadian jrice* tee ipecial Canaaiaa CaUlogu^ SUBSTITUTE GUARANitt QUALITY IpaMiimg Ijnid®®!? Miminiinimg SPALDING INDOOR JUMPING SHOE No.210. Handmade. Calfskin uppers; rub- ber tap sole and rubber heel. Per pair, $5.00 For Indoor Shoes, espe- cially when the feet per- spire, the uppers should be kept soft and pliable with Spalding Waterproof Oil. It will extend the life of shoes. Per can, 25c. SPALDING INDOOR RUNNING SHOE No. 111. Calfskin, special corrugated rubber sole, with spikes. Pair, $4.00 PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS o AODRESSEBTOUS A.G.SPALDING &. BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES I FOR COMPUTE UST OF STORES SEE INSIQE FRONT COVER, OfTHISBOOIt - fricM ia effect Jeauary 5. 1913. Subj«sU« diuigc without notice. For Canadian gricet tee (jgecial Caaadiaa Calalo|u«. 1^^ nMMi;li^i]a^^iM;K^iftM^^ Mmg Hindi®®]? Mmimimini^ SIhi®©s No. 112. Good lea- ther; rubber tap soles. No spikes. Per pair, $3.50 i^ $39.00 Doz. No. 114. Leather up- . pers; rubber tap soles. No spikes. Per pair, $3.00 ii^ $33.00 Doz. Emimiininimg Slhi(0)©s No. 115. Leather, good quality, without spikes. Sizes 12 to 5 only. Per pair, $2.50 The prices printed in ital- ics opposite items marked with -^ will be quoted only 07i orders for one-half doze7t or more. Quantity prices NOT allowed on items NO Tmarkedwith^ PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ' ANY COMMUNICATIONS ^ AODRESSED TO US A.G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES I FOfl COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER* OF THIS BOOH Price* in effect January S, 1913. Subject to change without ooticc^For Canadian price* tee (pecial Catalogue. ACCEPT NO SUBSTITUTE GUARANTEES Spalding Rubber Covered Indoor Shot Patented December 19, 1905 This shot is made according to scientific principles, with a rubber cover that is per- fectly round; gives a fine grip, and has the I propel resiliency when it comes in contact' ith the floor; will wear longer than the or- dinary leather covered, and in addition, there is no possibility that the lead dust will sift out. therefore it is always full weight. No. P. J6.lb. Each, No.Q. I2.1b. Each. Spalding Indoor Shot With improved leather cover. Ourspecial method of construction prevents loss of weight, evet> when used constantly. No. 3. 12.1b Each. (^0.4. 1.6.lb. . ; . . " Regulation Shot, Lead and Iron Guaranteed Correct in Weight No. 16LS. 16-lb.. lead. . Each. No. 12LS. 12-lb.. lead. , No. 16IS. 16.1b., iron. ', «* No. 12IS. 12.1b., iron., , » o Spalding' diampioiisliip Hammers WitSu BaO BearSirag Swavel USED by the World's Record Holder. Matt McGrath. The Spalding Championship Hammer has been used exclusively by all the leading hammer throwers, including the record holders, for years past. The benefits of the ball bearing construction will be quickly appreciated by all hammer throwers. Special quality steel wire handle, with double triangle handpieces. Guaranteed absolutely correct in weight. Lead ball. No. 12FB. 1 2.1b., with sole leather case. . Each, No. 12F. 12.1b.. without sole leather case. No. 16FB. 16-lb.. with sole leather case. . " No. 16F. 16-lb., without sole leather case. '" EXTRA WIRE HANDLES No. MG. For championship hammers. Same as used by Matt McGrath. . Each. $2.00 Spalding Regulation Hammer, with Wire Handle IRON— Guaranteed Correct in Weight No. 12IH. 12-lb., iron, practice. .$3.50 No. 16IH. 16-lb., iron, regulation. 3.75 EXTRA WIRE HANDLES No. FH. For regulation hammers. Improved design, large grip, heavy wire. Each, 75c. Spalding Regulation 56-lb. Weight Used and endorsed by all weight throwers. Packed in box and guaranteed correct in weight and in exact accordance with rules of A.A.U. No.2.Lead56-lb.weight. Complete. . Spalding Juvenile Athletic Shot and Hammers Made according to official regulations. Weights guaranteed accurate; records made with these .rnplements will be recognized. JUVENILE HAMMER— No. 8IH. 6.1b.. Iron Juvenile Hammer. Each. $2.50 JUVENILE SHOT No 26. 6-lb.. Leather Covered Shot, for indoor, schoolyard and playground use No 5. 5-lb., Leather Covered Shot, for indoor, schoolyard and playg ' ■ - No'slS. 6-lb.. Sol:d Iron Shot, net covered. Each, No. 51S. Each. und U3e. 5.1b.. Sohd Ir Shot, not covered. $4.00 PIOMPTAHENTION GIVEN TO m GOMMUNICATIONS ' IDDRESSEDTOUS A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES IFORCOMPIETEUSTOFSTORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOO! \Price»ia effect JasuAiy 8. 1911 Subjectjo chance without oot>c«.fFor Cuiaaiao price, tee ipeciaJ CaaadiM CaUlafw^ SUBSTITUTE THE SPALDING SpaMimg Vatiltmg Poles Spalding Vaulting Poles— Selected Spr The greatest care has been exercised in making these poles, and in 8electir5g the spruce only the most perfect and thoroughly seasoned pieces have been used. No. 103. 14ft. long. Each, f No. 104. l6ft.long. Each, We guarantee all of our wood vaulting poles to be perfect in mate- rial and workmanship, but we do not guarantee against breaks while in use, as we have found in our experience that they are usually caused by improper use or abuse. Spalding Bamboo Vaulting Poles Owing to difference Vaulting Poles from cracki preciably detract from the tinuous. Much of the real : tests would seem to prov : is impossible to keep Bamboo These cracks or season checks do not ap. ■its of the poles, except where they are con- ngth of the pole is in the joinU. AU of our poles with seeison checks may be accepted safe and durable, except where the season check is wide open and lends through several sections on-one side. Very frequently such splits or season checks can be entirely closed by placing the pole in a damp place for a day or so. Tape wound at short intervals. Thoroughly tested before leaving our factory. Fitted with special spike No.lOBV. I Oft. long. Ea., No.l2BV. 1 2 ft. long. " No.MBV. 14 ft long Ea., No.'ieeV I6tt long, •• Indoor Pole Vaulting Board No. 117. Made up of tional blocks of wood placed on end that the spike of the vaulting pole will not split them. Bound in by heavy wood fr Complete, Spalding Vaulting Standards u rem e n ts are clearly and cor- rectly marked. No. 109. Gradu. ated in half inches, adjusta- bletol3fL Com. plete. No. 111. Inch graduations. 7 ft. high. Complete, No. 112. Cross Bars. Hickor>'. Dozen, Spalding Official Javelins No 53. Swedish model, correct in length, weight, etc., and of proper balance. Steel shod. Each. $5.00 Competitors' Numbers Printed on Heavy Manila Paper or Strong Linen For larger meets we supply Competitors' Numbers, on Mari!a paper only, in sets as follows: No, 7 I to 300. No. 8. I to 400. No. 9. 1 to 500. No, 10. 1 to 600. No, 11. I to 700. No. 12. I to 600. No. 13. I to 900. No. 14. I to 1000. No. IS. I .ollOO. Set. $1.50 •• 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50» No. 16. No. 17. No. 18. No 19. 1200. I to 1300. I to 1400. I to 1500. No. 20. I to 1600. No. 21. I to 1700. No. 22. I to 1800. No. 23. I to 1900. No. 24. I to 2000. Set.$6.00 " 6.50 " 7.00 •' 7.50 •• 8.00 •' 8.50 •■ 9.00 " 9.50 •• 10.00 Spalding Olympic Discus Since Discus Throwing was revived at theOlym- pic Games, at Athens, 1896, the Spalding Dis- ■cus has been recognized as the official Discus, and is used in all competitions be- cause it conforms exactly to the official rules. Elxactly the sameasused at Athens. 1906. Lon- don, 1908, and Stockholm, 1912. Price, $5.00 Spalding Youths' Discus Officially adopted by tka Public Schools Athletic League To satisfy the demand for a Discus that will be ~ suitable for the use ofthemore youthful ithletes, we ave put oat a special Discus, smaller in size and lighter in weight than the regular Official size.TheYouths* Discusismadeinaccor4> ance with official sped, fications. Price, f4J09 AnENTIOM GIVEN TO MY COMMUNICATIONS tPOHESSEDTOUS A.G.SPALDING &. BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 1 FOR COMPIETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVEB^ OF THIS BOO! ^ \f^ioe> ia effect Subject to chance without notice. For Canadiao prices see special CanadiMi Cataloca*. sSuUHE SRALDING»jTRADE-MARK ^Uiy Spalding Athletic Shirts and TTightsI STOCK COLORS AND SIZES. OUR WORSTED GOODS are TuSl nished in Gray. White, Navy Blue, Maroon, and Black only. Stock i sizes : Shirts, 26 to 44 inch chest. Tights, 28 to 42 inch waist. SANITARY COTTON GOODS. Colors: Bleached White. Navy. Black, Maroon, and Gray. Stock sizes : Shirts, 26 to 44 inch chest. Tights, 26 to 42 inch waist. Spalding Sleeveless Shirts— Plain Colors STOCK COLORS AND SIZES No. 600. Good quality worsted. Each. $1 .25 ^ S/2.6^ Doe.' No. 6E. Sanitary Cotton. . . " .50-^ ^.75 '' Spalding Striped Sleeveless Shirts No. 600S. Good quality worsted, with 6-inch stripe aroyncl chest, in following combinations of colors : Navy with White- stripe ; Black with Orange stripe; Maroon with White stripe; Red with Black stripe ; Royal Blue with White Stripe ; Black with Red stripe ; Gray with Cardinal stripe. Each, $1.50 i^ S/5.^6^ Dosj. No. 6ES. Sanitary Cotton, solid color body, with 6.inch stripe> around chest, in same combinations of colors as No. 600S. Each. 75c * S7.5^ Doz» Spalding Shirts with Sash No. 66bD. Good quality worsted, sleeveless, with woven sasE] of different color from body. Same colors as No. 600S. Toordeti only; not carried in stock. . . . Each, $2.00 i^$21.00 DoZj^ No. 6WD. Sanitary Cotton, sleeveless, with woven sasTi Of different color from body. Same combinations of colors as No. 600S. To order only ; not carried in stock. Each, $1.25 * ^/i'.-!7)TRADE MARK QUALITY Mille M^rpS^s^ "Rtsb"Iii" Atliletic Oimimeiit THIS PREPARATION is the same as has been used by Mike Murphy, the famous athletic Jrainer, in. conditioning the Yale, University of Pennsylvania and other college teams which have been under his charge. He is famous for the perfect condition ^^g| in which he brings his athletes into a contest, and the ingredients ^W^^\ and proper preparation of his "Rub-In" Liniment has been a closely Y *i guarded secret. He has finally turned the formula over to A. G. Spaldmg & Bros, with perfect confidence that the proper materials will always be used in preparing the liniment and that no consider- ations will induce us to cheapen it in any way. Large bottles. ... Small bottles. .... Spaldmg' El< Spalding Shoulder Bandage Give circumference around arm and chest. Mentionfor which shoulder required. No. 101. Cotton thread. Each. $3.50 No. 10;A. Silk thread. Each, $5.00 Wrist Bandage Give circumference around smallest part of wrist, and state if for light or strong pressure. No. 106. Cotton thread. . .. Each, 50c. No. 106A. Silk thread. _. . ., " 75c. Spalding Ankle Bandage Give circumference around ankle and over step; state if light or strong pressure is desired No.105. Cottonthread. Each, $1.00 No. 105A. Silk thread. Each, $2.00 Spalding Elastic Bandage Composed of threads of rubber completely covered. The pressure can be applied wherever necessary. To fasten insert end under last fold. "No. 30. Width 3 in.. 5 yds. long (stretched). Each. 60c. ^o. 25. Width 2 'A in.. 5 yds. long (stretched). " 50c. Each, 50c. Each. 25c. Spalding Knee Cap Bandage Give circumference below knee, at knee and just above knee, and state if light or strong pres- sure is desired. No. 104. Cotton thread. Each, $1.00 No. 104A. Silk thread. Each. $2.00 Elbow Bandage Give circumference above and below elbow and state J if for light or strong pressure. No. 102. Cotton thread. Each. $1.00 No. 102A. Silk 'thread. Each, $2.00 Spalding Elastic Belt Our elastic foot ball belt stretches with the length of the body and may be attached to jacket and pants, thus forming one continuous j suit. By closely fitting thebody, the oppos- ing player has less chance of tackling. Allows perfect freedom in all positions^ No. 1. Width 6 inches. Each, $1^0 PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING & BROS STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK ^ Price* in effect Jr.nuary 5, 1913. Subject to change without -\For CoTiidiaa prices »ee epecial Canadian Catalogue.^ Spalding' "Official National League" Bali Patent Cork Center P*Un(ed August 31. 1909 Adopted by the National League in 1878, is the only ball used in Championship games since that time and has now been adopted for twei.ty years more, making a total adoption of fifty-four years. No.1 Each, . - $1.25 Per Dozen, $15.00 This ball has the Spalding "Patent" Cork Center, the same as used since August I, 1910, without change in size of cork or construction Each ball wrapped in tinfoil, packed in a separate box, and sealed in accordance with the la'est League regulations. Warranted to last a full game when used under ordi- nary conditions. The Spalding "Official National Leag'ue**^ Ball Has been tKe Official Ball of tHe Game since 187a' Complete Calalogne ol Aliiletic Goods Mailed Free. PROMPT mENTION GIVEN TIT ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDBESSEO TO OS A.G.SPALDING rir/«j In tffcct January 5. 1913. Subject lo change u'ithoul notice. For Canadian price! lee ipecial Co, No.AAX Spalding "World Series" Basemen's Mitts Pat»nted June 2i<. 1910. Spalding "Broken-In" Basemen's Mitt No, A AX. Already broken in ; ready to put on and play i when you buy. Finest buck. 'Kinp Patent Padding,ar- ^ ranged for insertion of extra padding-. Each, $5.00 ^^ Professional Models. King Patent Padding No. BXP. Calfskin; leather lacing. Leather strap at thumb. King Patent Padding. Each, $4.00 No. AXP. White tanned leather throughout. Leather strap at thumb. King Patent Padding. Each, $4.00 Spalding "League Special'* Basemen's Mitt Patented Feb. 20. 1912 No. AX. With Fo.\ Patent Padding pocket, so addi- tional padding may be inserted. ■ Extra felt padding supplied with each mitt. White tanned buckskin face, back and lining; leather lacing all around. Ea.,$4.00 Spalding Basemen's Mitts "No. BXS. ''League Special." Brown calfskin face, back and lining; leather lacing all around. Ea.,$4.00 No. CO. "Professional." Olive calfskin face, back and lining. Padded; laced all around. Each, $3.00 JNo. CO No. CX. "Semi-Pro." Face of tanned buff -color leather, back of firm tanned brown leather, laced all around, padded at wrist and thumb. Each, $2.50 No. CXR. "Amateur" (Black.) Black calfskin face, black leather back and lining. Properly padded; laced all around. . . . ; . ■ . .• Each, $2.00, No. CXS. "Amateur." Tanned brown grained lea- ther. Correctly padded ; laced all around. Ea. , $2.00 No. DX. "Double Play." Oak tanned leather, padded, laced all around. .... Each, $1.50 No. EX. " League Jr." Black smooth leather, laced all around. Suitably padded. .' Each, $1.00 o. IF Spalding "League Extra" Pitchers' and Basemen's Mitt No. IF. Face of white buck, balance of brown calfskin- padded; without hump. Laced all around. Ea.,$3.50 Spalding Fielders' Mitts No. 2iM[F. Pliable; best for outfielders. Brown calf- skin face; extra full thumb, leather lined. Ea.,$3.00 No. 5MF. Specially tanned olive leather, padded with fine felt; leather lined; full thumb, Ea., $2.00 No. 6IIIF. Made of white tanned buckskin; leather lined; large thumb ; well padded. . Each, $1. SO No. 7MF. Good quality pearl colored leather; well padded; leather lined. ..... Each, $1.00 No. 8F. Black tanned leather, padded; leather lined; Mo.ZMf reinforced, laced at thumb. . . , Each, $1.00 Made in Rights and Left«. When No. 9F. Bovs' mitt. Oak tanned smooth leather, Ordering for Left Handed Player, padded; reinforced and laced at thumb. Each. 50c. Specify Full Right." ^ ' ,^ Spalding Complete Calalogne ol Athletic Goods Mailed Free. PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATION' ADDRESSED TO US A.G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES COMPLETE LIST OF STORES ON INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK I "Pricts in tf eel January 5, 1913. Svhjc change u'UHouI notice. For Canadian prTeef lee iptcial Canadian Caialotat. filfi£ ^ Spalding Inf ielders' Gloves No. 3XR. "Amateur." Good quality black tanned leather, correctly padded, and extra large thumb; welted seams. Leather lined throughout. . . Each, $2.00 No. 4X. "Association." Good quality brown tanned katiier, nicely padded; leather Hned throughout, with inside hump; welted seams. Good value. Each, $2.00 No. 11. "Match." Professional style. glove; special tanned olive colored leather throughout; welted seams; correctly padded; full leather lined. . . Each, $1.50 No. XL. " Club Special." Made of special white tanned leather, correctly padded on professional, model; welted seams; leather lined Each, $1.50 No. XLA. "Either Hand." For right or left hand. Special white tanned leather, correctly padded ; welted seams; leather lined.' ....>.. Each, $1.50 No. ML.' "Diamond." Special model, very popular. Smoked sheepskin, padded; full leather lined. Ea.,$1.50 No. XS. " Practice." White velvet tanned leather; welted .seams; jnside hump; full leather lined. Each, $1.25 No. 15. "Regulation." Men's size. Brown tanned leather, correctly'padded: palm leather lined. Ea.,$1.00 No. 15 R. "Regulation." Men's size. Black tanned leather, padded; inside hump; palm leather lined. Each, $1.00 No. 10. "Mascot." Men's size. Olive tanned leather, oadded; popular model; welted seams; palm leather lined Each, $1.00 No. 12. "Public School." Full size. White chrome tanned leather, correctly padded ; inside hump ; palm leather lined Each, 75c. No. XB. " Boys' Special " Boys' Professional Style; good quality special tanned white leather, welted seams ; leather lined throughout. .• . . . . Each, $1.00 No. 12R. "League Jr." Full size. Black smooth tanned leather, lightly padded, but extra long; palm leather lined;, welted seams; inside hump. Each, 75c. No. 16. "Junior." Full size; white chrome tanned leather, lightly padded, but extra long ; palm leather lined Each, 50c. No 16W. "Star." Full size; white chrome tanned leather, welted seams ; correctly padded ; palm leather lined . Each, 50c. No. 17. "Youths." Good size, special brown smooth tanned leather, nicely padded ; inside hump , palm leather lined Each, 50c. No. 14. " Boys' Amateur." Youths' professional style. Special tanned white leather correctly padded, and inside hump ; palm leather lined Each, 50c. No. 18. "Boys' Own." Oak tanned leather, padded; with inside hump; palm leather lined. . . Each, 25c. No. 20. "Boys' Favorite." Oak tanned leather, properly padded; palm leather lined. ^ . • . . Each, 25c. Thumb and First Finger, which can r. -^, , little finger, extra large thumb; welted seams. Good '^o-^" •qualitv black calf, leather lined throughout. Each, $2.50 No. 2Y. "international." Smoked horse hide; pro- fessional style, with specially padded little finger, extra large thumb, welted seams. Full leather lined. Ea.,$2.50 No PBL. " Professional Jr." Youths' Professional style , Selected velvet tanned buckskin. Same as No. PXL men''- 1 Leather lined throughout. Welted seams. Each. $2.5t ' No. 3X. "Semi-Pro." Good quality gray buck tanned leather Large model. Correctly padded; welted seams Leather lined throughout Each, $2.0^ "No. 2YA. "Either Hand." For right or 'left hana fitting cither equally well. Special quality smoked hor^,?. hide; welted seams. Leather lined throughout. Eay$2.50 j^^^^ ^y^ Above Glove, are mad* regularly with Web o< Leather between tbumb .ind First Fin«er, whidi can Ce curoo. very"ea.ily i« not required. All Spalding Infielder." Glove, are ""vd* -th our d.vert^ .'■ ^(Patented March 10, 1908) between finger., addmg con..derably to durability ot the glove.. ' All Style. Made in Right, and Left.. When Ordering for Lett Handed PUyer. Spec^JyJFuU^Right^^ tarn PROMPT AnENTION GlVtN TatNY COMMUNICHTIOMS iDDHESSEDTOUS A.G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES [complete UST or STORES OH INSIDE FRONT COVER Of THIS V,Uu u. fStalan»av i. "'■' •"'•'*;«' '» '*"'«' '^"'"*' "*""• Fat Canadloo fniM ut tfteial Cai-odtnn Cautatut. sSUHE SPALDING TRADE-MARK TuATif Spalding Cliampioiistiip Tennis Ball PERFECT INFLATION PERFECT COVERING PERFECT SEWING ON the record made by the Spalding . Cham- pionship Tennis Ball so far we are willing to base our claims for superiority, and wherever the ball is used, either in a tournament or regular play, we are certain our judgment will be con- firmed. Absolutely best in every particular of manu- facture and made by people who have been in our em- ploy, many of them, for twenty years and over, we place the Spalding Cham- pionship Tennis Ball before the most critical clientele in the athletic world with per- fect confidence that it will give absolute satisfaction. No. 00. Per dozen, $5.00 Three balls only. . . . 1.25 One or two balls. Elach, .45 No. 5. So well known that coniment as to its qualities is unnecessary. Per doz.,$ 5.50 On orders for NOT less than I gross. . . Per gross, $60.00 No. 0. In the mEuiufacture of the Spalding Championship Ball only those which are abso- lutely perfect in every particu- lar are allowed to pass, and the "culls" or "throw-outs" are stamped simply Tournament and do not bear the Spalding Trade-Mark. These balls will answer for practice or for children's use, bill ehould no/ be used for match play, k »•»••*.,.•. Per dozen. $3.00. EacU.2Sc. PROMPT ATTENTION GIV[N TO I ANY COMMUNICATIONS A008ESSEDT0US A. G. SPALDING &, BROS, STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOH .Pricei in effect Jviuary 5, 1913. Subject to change without^ootice. For Cuuuliao price* tee tpecial Canadian Catalogue. sKu?E THE SPALDING Spalding' Gold Medal RacKets Patented January 3, 1905: June 12, 1906. 1 f I ^HE success we have met with in putting out this racket accompanied by the broadest guarantee ever given on an article of this kmd is the best evidence as to the truth of our assertions regard- ing the great care which we exercise in watching every detail of its man- ufacture The racket is sold upon its own repu- tation and the Spalding Guarantee is your as- surance of satisfaction. The difference tween Styles A and B is in the additional strings reinforcing the central portion of the latter. Handles 5, Si and 5i inches in circum- ference. Stringing of clearest and absolutely best quality lambs' gut. Tag attached to each racket, giving particulars of special inspection. Each racket enclosed in special quality mack- intosh cover. We use a dogwood insertion in shoulders, after proving to our satisfaction, by experience, that it is far superior to cane or other material for the purpose. period of 30 days from date of purchase by the usei. The Guarantee Tag attached to each Spalding Lawn Tennis Racket reads as follows: If this Racket proves defective in workmanship or material withm 30 days from date of purchase, please re- turn, transportation charges prepaid, to any Spalding Store, and the defect will be rectified Imperfectly strung Rackets will be restrung, and in the event of a broken frame due to work- manship or defective material, the Racket will be replaced. Notice. — This Guarantee does not apply to Rackets weighing less than 13 ounces No. GMB. Each, $8.00 We urge that at the concluiion of play thb Id • Racket Pre**, and Um gut occaiionally Racket be rubbed dry, and when not in voae over with.Spalding Tennis Gut P re »e r t a t l T»t PLACE. covered with a Waterproof Cover, placed KEEP YOUR RACKET IN A DRJf PROMPT AnEMTION GIVEN TO I ANY COMMUNICATIONS • ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK ' Price* ip effect January 5. 1913. Subject to change without notice. ,For Canndian p-ice* tee tpecial Canadian Cat^ogue. I^S^i^BlH "All SPALDING ers'" No. GMF RacKet Patented March 6, 1900: January 3, 190S; June 12. 1906 T. \kIE urge that at the conclusion »» of play lhi» Racket be rubbed dry, and when' not in use be cov- ered Mrith a Waterproof Cover, placed in a Racket Press, and the cut occasionally gone over with Spalding Tennis Gut Preservative. KEEP YOUR RACKET IN A DRY PLACE, otherwUe tb« Guanmlee b void. HIS racket is built for hard continuous play, and every de- tail of its construction has been passed upon by six different players of National reputation who know what is needed in a really dependable racket for tournament use. New model, with large frame. Walnut throat piece. The shoulders wrapped with gut for special reinforcement. Stringing is double in the central portion in the popular expert style. Handles 5, 5k and 5% inches in circumference. Stringing of clearest and absolutely best quality lambs* gut. Each racket enclosed in a special quality mackintosh cover. GUARANTEE WE guarantee Lawn Tennis Rackets for a period of thirty days from date of purchase by the user. The Guarantee Tag at- tached to each Spalding Lawn Tennis Racket reads as. follows: IF THIS Racket prove* defective in workmanthip or material within ^^^^ 30 days from da'te of purchase, please return, transportation charges prepaid, to any Spalding Store, and the defect will be rectified. Imperfectly strung Rackets will be restrung, and in the evertt of a broken frame due to workmanship or defective material, the Radcet will be replaced, M W J F- % 4 *w I 'A',*^'- >.\ Mk / \ 1 k \ / / i» pp MAURICE McLOUGHLIN Winner of AH Comer.' Tournament at Newport, 1911 National Champion. 1912 NOTICE.— This Guarantee doe> not apply to Rackets weigfiiny lest than 13 PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A.G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES I FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOl FSTORESlI :OVER I V Prices in eHect January 5, 191 X ^Subject to changewitbout notice. .J^OTJ special Canadian CataJbgUA.; ACCEPT NO SUBSTITUTE fmmmmimm Ih® SpaMimg ^M IIinit©ir€@l]l©gaat© ]p@@tt IBilll Pat. Sept 12. 1911 No.J5 Complete, $5.00 This is iKe ONLY OFFICIAL COLLEGE FOOT BALL, and is used in every important match played in this country. GUARANTEED ABSOLUTELY IF SEAL OF BOX IS UNBROKEN Each ball complete in pealed box, including leather case, guaranteed pure Para rubber bladder (not compounded), inflater, lacing needle and raw hide lace. ^E GUARANTEE every J5 Spalding Foot Ball to be perfect in material and workmanship and correct in shape and size when inspected at our factory. If any defect is discovered during the first game in which it is used, or during the first day's practice use, and if returned at once, we will replace same under this guarantee. We do not guarantee against ordinary wear nor against defect in shape or size that is not discovered imn^edi- ately after the first day's use. Q Owing to the superb quality of every Spalding Foot Ball, our customers have grown to expect a season's use of one ball, and at times make unreasonable claim* under our guarantee which we will not allow. ^^k^/y!^ty^ PROMFT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I ANY COMMUNICATIONS * AOBBESSED TO OS A.G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK JpricM in rff»«t Jiu>aar7 5. 19 J 3. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian price* (ee special CaiiadiaB-eiita)ogu«. Sil^THESPALDINGigiDTRADE-MARK '"ST The Spalding Official Basket Half THE ONLY OFFICIAL BASKET BALL WE GUARANTEE this ball to be Tperfect in ma- terial and workmanship and correct in shape and size when inspected at our fac- tory. If any defect is dis- covered during the fimt game in which it is used, or during the first day's practice use, and, if returned at once, we will replace same under this guarantee. We do not guar- antee against ordinary wear nor against defect in shape or size that is not discovered im- mediately after the first day's use. Owing to the superb quality of our No. M Basket Ball, our customers have grown to ex- pect a season's use of one baU, and at times make unreason- able claims under our guar- antee,which we willnot allow. A. G. SPALDING & BROS. ^■^^^ FFICIALLY ADOPTED AND STANDARD. The cover is made in four sections, with M ^k capless ends, and of the finest and most carefully selected pebble grain English leather. A ■ We take the entire output of this superior grade of leather from the English tanners, and m M '" *^^ Official Basket Ball use the choicest parts of each hide. Extra heavy bladder made ^L W especially for this ball of extra quality pure Para rubber (not compounded). Each ball ^^^^ packed complete, in sealed box, with rawhide lace and lacing needle, and guaranteed per- fect in every detail. To provide that all official contests may be held under absolutely fair and uniform conditions, it is stipulated that this ball must be used in all match games of either men's or women's teams. No. M. Spalding « Official'' Basket Bail. Each, $6.00 Extract from Men's Ollicial Rule Book Rule II -Ball. Sec. 3. The ball made by A. G. Spald- ing & Bros, shall be the official ball. Official balls will be yiJ^ciTts. stamped as herewith, t?^o\ir\\ and wiU^e in sealed Kh^i^^^ boxes. 'v.jcEisssi^ Sec. 4 The official ball must be Dsad in «U match games. Extract from Oliicial Collegiate Role Book The Spalding Official Basket Ball No. M is the official ball of the ^.<7ici3>> Intercollegi- /"hStttt^n*' ate Basket Ball Associa- tion, and must be used in all Extract from Women's OfQdal Role Book Rule II -Ball. Sec. 3. The ball made by A. G. Spald- ing & Bros shall be the official ball Official balls will be stamped as herewith, and will be in sealed , boxes. 9 Sec. 4 The official ball must b* used in ail match eamea PROMPT AmNTION GIVEN TO ANY GOMMONICATIONS ADOtlESSED TO OS A. G.SPALDING &. BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK < priTft in effect January 5, 19 IX Subject to change tirithout notice. For Canadian price* tee tpecial Canadian Caulogu*.. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS m 2t 1911 Standard A Standard Quality must be inseparably linked to a Standard Policy. Without a definite and Standard Mercantile Policy, it is impossible tor a Manufacturer to long maintain a Standard Qyality. ^ To market his goods through the jobber, a manufacturer must provide a profit for the jobber as well as for the retail dealer. To meet these conditions of Dual Profits, the manufacturer is obliged to set a proportionately high hst price on his goods to the consumer. i i • i • j . r To enable the glib salesman, when booking his orders, to figure out attractive profits to both the jobber and retailer, these high list prices are absolutely essential; but their real purpose will have been served when the manufacturer has secured his order from the jobber, and the jobber has secured his order from the retailer. .,.,,. . . r • . .u u However, these deceptive high list prices are not fair to the consumer, who does not, and. in reality, is not ever expected to pay these faiicy list prices. When the season opens for the sale of such goods, with their niisleading but alluring high list prices, the retailer begins to realize his responsibihties, and grapples with the situation as best he can, by offering special discounts, which vary with local trade conditions. c. . i .1 .1 c . Under this system of merchandising, the profits to both the manufacturer and the jobber are assured ; but as there is no stability maintained in the prices to the consumer, the keen competition amongst the local dealers invariably leads to a demoralized cutting of prices by which the profits of the retailer are practically eliminated. Ti. • \li. • • » This demoralization always reacts on the manufacturer. 1 he jobber insists on lower, and still lower, prices. The manufacturer, in his turn, meets this demand for the lowering of prices by the only way open to him, viz.: the cheap- ening and degrading of the quality of his product. ... • 1 oqq The foregoing conditions became so intolerable that 14 years ago, in 189V, A. G Spalding & Bros, determined to rectify this demoralization in the Athletic Goods Trade, and inaugurated what has since become known as " The Spalding The "Spalding Policy" eliminates the jobber entirely, so far as Spalding Goods are concerned, and the retail dealer secures the supply of Spalding Athletic Goods direct from the manufacturer by which the retail dealer is assured a fair, legitimate and certain profit on all Spalding Athletic Goods, and the consumer is assured a Standard Quality and is protected from imposition. The "Spalding Policy" is decidedly for the interest and protection of the users of Athletic Goods, and acts in two ways : pi^gl —'Yhe user Is assured of genuine Official Standard Athletic Goods and the same prices to everybody. Second.— As manufacturers, we can proceed with confidence m purchasing at the proper time, the very best raw materials required in the manufacture of our various goods, well ahead of their respective seasons, and this enables us to provide the necessary quantity and absolutely maintain the Spalding Standard of Qyality. All retail dealers handling Spalding Athletic Goods are requested to supply consumers at our regular printed catalogue prices-neither more nor less-the same prices that similar goods are sold for in our New York, Chicago and other stores. All Spalding dealers, as well as users of Spalding Athletic Goods, are treated exactly alike, and no special rebates or discriminations are allowed to anyone. This briefly, is the " Spalding Policy." which has already been in successful operation for the past 1 4 years, and will be indefinitely continued In other words, "The Spalding Policy is a square deal for everybody. A. G. SPALDING & BROS. By ^.kdf^^:^^^^^^^^' p&EStDKNT, Ci^ 005 900 688 5 #