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 "■vr.j.-H..,-"ga<-/' 
 
 SAKAKAWEA 
 
 THE BIRD-WOMAN 
 
SAKAKAWEA 
 
 THE BIRD-WOMAN 
 
 A Statue by Leonard Crunelle, Erected on the State Capitol Grounds 
 
 at Bismarck, North Dakota, by the Federation of Women's 
 
 Clubs and the Children of the State 
 
THE BOOK OF 
 
 A f a^^ant nf tli? Nnrtl|-ii?Bt 
 
 WRITTEN IN COLLABORATION BY EIGHTEEN 
 UNDERGRADUATE MEMBERS OF 
 
 SIl? Back nnh luskin ^ortftg 
 
 Under the Direction of 
 
 PROFESSOR FREDERICK H. KOCH 
 
 of the Department of EngHsh 
 
 First Presented at the Seventh Annual Meeting of 
 
 THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 
 
 And on the Occasion of the Dedication of 
 On the Campus of 
 
 (Ulir Intorsttg at Norll| iaknla 
 
 GRAND FORKS, NORTH DAKOTA 
 MAY 28-29. 1914 
 

 Copyright 1914, by 
 
 FREDERICK H. KOCH 
 
 All Rights Reserved 
 
 ni 3 1914 
 
 S■\^^<} sj-its riMtS-HE^ALO 
 
TO 
 GEORGE PIERCE BAKER 
 
 Professor of Dramatic Literature in 
 
 HARVARD UNIVERSITY 
 
 Pioneer in the University Movement 
 Towards a Nev^ Drama 
 
(Fljp leturn of titp pagpant 
 
 There seems to be a revival of pageantry among us. Five 
 hundred years ago — fully two centuries before William Shakespeare 
 was bom — the merchants and tradesmen of England performed on 
 *'pageant" stages in their public squares, long cycles of Miracle 
 and Mystery plays. And on the Continent too, in varying forms, 
 these dramatic representations of Bible and Saint stories were widely 
 popular. Such survivals as the Passion Plays of Ober-Ammergau 
 in Bavaria, of Selsach in Switzerland, and of other villages so re- 
 mote as to be hardly known to the outside world, suggest how in- 
 timately the religious pageant was cherished by the masses. It was 
 indeed the open theatre of the people. 
 
 The first years of the present century mark something of a 
 return of this popular play-form. The people have reclaimed the 
 pageant. Beginning in Sherbom, England, in 1 905 it has not been 
 long in finding its way to New England, and indeed the entire dis- 
 tance across the new continent, from Yankee Maine to cosmopolitan 
 California. An organization has been formed to conserve the idea, 
 and the movement seems to be growing by leaps and bounds. A 
 bulletin issued by the American Pageant Association announces, for 
 the year 1913, a list of forty-six pageants, festivals and masks, pre- 
 sented in fifteen different states. This month the city of St. Louis 
 will present on the forested stage of its hillside theatre "a gigantic 
 pageant," re-enacting the romance of its history and forecasting its 
 future in poetic allegory. One hundred and twenty-five thousand 
 dollars has been given by popular subscription to finance the enter- 
 prise, experts have been enlisted in all depratments of the work, 
 seven thousand five hundred St. Louisans will be the actors, and an 
 audience of sixty thousand spectators will gather to participate in 
 the most pretentious drama ever staged by a community. Such is 
 the spirit and the scope of the new pageant movement, — a form of 
 vast proportions, a wider conception of the out-of-doors drama than 
 
any yet evolved. What is its meaning? Is it only a passing shov/, 
 or is it pointing the way towards a greater democracy in the drama? 
 
 The new pageantry is first and last of the people. The com- 
 munity furnishes at once its theme, its actors, its audience. For 
 this reason it would seem peculiarly adapted to give to the people 
 an adequate outlet for their constant desire to express in dramatic 
 form their native, though too often arrested, sense of beauty. The 
 dramatic seems to be the dominant art-impulse in the masses, and 
 in this its latest phase, it is made to include all the other fine arts — 
 poetry, music, dancing, coloring, modeling, building — in a compre- 
 hensive, communal drama. It becomes indeed a patriotic embodi- 
 ment of the life story of the people, recreating their romantic yes- 
 terdays, interpreting their own stirring day, imaging forth their 
 dreams of yet fairer tomorrows. If this new art can stir the imagi- 
 nation of the people to do such things for themselves, surely co- 
 operative liberty should flower ere long in a fairer state than any 
 we have yet known, into something of lasting beauty. 
 
 A peerless Shakespeare came only after the continuing efforts 
 of many generations of folk-players, after slow years of experi- 
 mentation in which every English tradesman had a part. England 
 as a nation of amateur actors prepared the way for him, made him 
 possible. Perhaps now in their enthusiastic revival of this favorite 
 form the people are preparing for another, — this time for the Great 
 One foretold by Ibsen in one of his last plays: "Some one is coming 
 after me who will do it better . . . Only wait — you may 
 be sure he will come, and let us hear of him." Perhaps the peo- 
 ple's pageant of today is making ready for the coming of another 
 Shakespeare — this time, one to interpret the American Age. 
 
 F. H. K. 
 
 Grand Forks, North Dakota 
 May. 1914. 
 
THE DEDICATION OF 
 
 OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH DAKOTA 
 MAY 28, 1914 
 
 For the Sock and Buskin Society .... Professor Frederick H. Koch 
 For the University . President Frank L. McVey 
 
 a no 
 
 SonA-jfdc Theatrv 
 
 Original Plan of the Bankside Theatre 
 
 The BanJ^side Theatre is an out-of-door theatre constructed 
 on the sloping banks of the English Coulee on the campus of the 
 University of North Dakota, where in years long past the Indians 
 met the English fur-traders of the Hudson's Bay Company. 
 
A Pageant of t^t Nortt|-llp0t 
 
 In making "A Pageant of the North-West," the Sock and 
 Buskin Society undertook a task which seemed at the first impos- 
 sible, but the untiring effort of all the co-partners in the work has 
 made it now a reality. 
 
 The text of the pageant was written by eighteen undergrad- 
 uate students in collaboration. It is in four parts, each part pre- 
 pared by a group of four. One student wrote the prologue, the 
 epilogue, and the interludes, while the music for the lyrics was com- 
 posed by another. 
 
 The interludes were designed to suggest the spirit and form 
 of the old ballad, and to indicate the mood of the scenes they in- 
 troduce. The leading parts are chanted by the Spirit of Prophecy, 
 the refrains by a chorus of Attending Spirits who dance an har- 
 monious accompaniment. 
 
 In all essentials the historical facts have been strictly followed; 
 in many cases the speeches have been retained in their original form. 
 Native Indian music, recorded by Mr. Harold A. Loring, collector 
 of songs and folk-lore of the American Indians for the United 
 States government, has been introduced; and a group of full-blooded 
 Chippewas with their costumes, trappings and instruments have been 
 brought from the Turtle Mountain Reservation to take speaking parts 
 in the scene, and so lend reality to the pageant. 
 
 The story of the pageant is in four parts. The first three parts 
 relate the remarkable adventures and achievements of three heroic 
 Frenchmen — Radisson, LaSalle, and Verendrye — whose vision of a 
 western empire impelled them to win for the flag of France all the 
 wide wilderness of the great North-West. First came the resource- 
 ful Radisson, preparing the way for the organization of the historic 
 Hudson's Bay Company, in 1670; then, the gallant LaSalle, striv- 
 ing to unite the warring tribes of the upper Mississippi Valley into 
 
a confederacy able to repel invasion, and protect the fur-traders 
 who were to follow him; next, the far-sighted Verendrye, the first 
 white man to follow the northern course of the Missouri River in 
 the prairie country of what is now the Commonwealth of North 
 Dakota. The fourth part, presenting the famous expedition of two 
 intrepid Americans, Captains Lewis and Clark, marks the final con- 
 quest for the United States of all the country westward to the 
 Great Sea. At their first winter camp. Fort Mandan, on the 
 Missouri River, near the present site of Stanton, North Dakota, 
 they found Sakakawea, the Bird-Woman, whose kindly leadership 
 guided them safely over the dangerous mountain ranges to the 
 sheltered valleys by the Western Sea. 
 
 Such is the story of "A Pageant of the North- West." It 
 seems fitting to conclude it with the figure of Sakakawea, an em- 
 bodiment of the undaunted will, and the friendliness of the homes 
 of our great North- West. 
 
 In its communal authorship "A Pageant of the North- West" 
 is perhaps without a precedent in modern pageant-making. The 
 work, though long and hard, — for the writers were more than nine 
 months in collecting the historical data and converting them into 
 pageant form — has been altogether refreshing, recalling the very 
 beginnings of literature in "those happy days," as Herder calls 
 them, when literature "lived in the ears of the people, on the lips, 
 and in the harps of living bards." 
 
 F. H. K. 
 
El\t Pageant ^xvntwn 
 
 Master of the Pageant 
 Professor Frederick H. Koch 
 
 Director of Historical Materials 
 Professor O. G. Libby 
 
 Director of the Music 
 Professor William W. Norton 
 
 Director of the Dancing 
 Miss M. Esther Pike 
 
 Director of the Costuming 
 Miss Flora E. Balch 
 
 Director of Properties and Settings 
 Mr. John Adams Taylor 
 
 Directors of the Stage 
 
 Miss Nella Kingsbury and 
 Mrs. Christine Nielson Myrben 
 
Executive and Finance Committee 
 
 Mr. J. W. Wilkerson 
 Professor W. G. Bek 
 Mr. Harry E. South 
 
 Construction Committee 
 
 Professor A. J. Becker 
 Professor E. F. Chandler 
 Professor E. B. Stephenson 
 Professor R. T. Young 
 Mr. C. A. Thompson 
 Mr. Floyd J. Stevens 
 Mr. F. H. Bacon 
 
 Publicity Committee 
 
 Mr. George E. Schlafer 
 Professor W. W. Norton 
 Mr. J. J. Petti John 
 Mr. George A. Benson 
 Mr. C. W. Graves 
 Mr. Harry E. South 
 
 Arrangements Committee 
 
 Professor R. R. Hitchcock 
 Professor George P. Jackson 
 Professor H. E. Simpson 
 Mr. Thomas Whelan 
 
 Properties and Stage Committee 
 
 Mr. John Adams Taylor 
 Mr. Henry A. Doak 
 Mr. E. C. Griess 
 Mr. T. T. Lindsey 
 Miss Almira Jewett 
 Miss Hildegarde Fried 
 
 Book Committee 
 
 Miss Ethel E. Halcrow 
 Mr. Henry A. Doak 
 Mr. William Whitford 
 
The First Part 
 
 Miss Johanna Londergan 
 Miss Inga Leine 
 Miss Eva Murphy 
 Mr. Morrill Cook 
 
 The Second Pari 
 
 Mr. Harry E. South 
 Miss Anne Bowman 
 Miss Majel Chase 
 Miss Ethel E. Halcrow 
 
 The Third Part 
 
 Miss Vera Kelsey 
 Miss Catherine Hixon 
 Miss Margaret Kolars 
 Mr. Thomas Whelan 
 
 The Fourth Part 
 
 Miss Margaret Plank 
 Miss Merle Rutherford 
 Miss Emma Severson 
 Miss Mabel Hanson 
 Mr. William Whitford 
 
 The Lyrics 
 Mr. Cecil McKay 
 
 The Music 
 Miss Margaret Plank 
 
The Herald George P. Jackson 
 
 The Spirit of Prophecy Cecil McKay 
 
 Attending Spirits Anne Poupore, 
 
 Inga Leine, Esther Halgren, Eva Poupore, Eva Rorke, 
 Florence Gallup, Agnes Moe, Irene Cox, Else Rohde, 
 Frances Collins, Jennie Gale, Stella Hoskins. 
 
 QII|f IfxYBt Part: EabtsHun 
 
 Radisson Harrison Brown 
 
 Lord Mayor Joseph Koucky 
 
 Duke of York Alvin Stomner 
 
 Prince Rupert Wesley Johnston 
 
 Ship Owner Porter Talcott 
 
 Sea Captain John Graham 
 
 First Merchant Lester Smith 
 
 Second Merchant Albert Lindstrom 
 
 Third Merchant Orval McHaffie 
 
 Fourth Merchant V^emon McCutchan 
 
 Tom Smith Morrill Cook 
 
 First Nobleman John Boeing 
 
 Second Nobleman Paul Matthews 
 
 Third Nobleman Mack Traynor 
 
 Fourth Nobleman George Perrott 
 
 Butcher Herbert Metzger 
 
 Baker Lloyd Reilly 
 
 Blacksmith Wilbur Lycan 
 
 Butchers' Gild Claude Mclver, 
 
 Edwin Blenkner, Ralph Roy. 
 
Bakers' Gild Amon Flaten, 
 
 W. Beard, Walter Tostevin, Sherman Pinkham. 
 
 Blacksmiths' Gild Henry Murphy, 
 
 George Fingarson, W. Lycan, John Moore. 
 
 Butchers' Wives and Sweethearts Katherine Allen, 
 
 Bella Reid, Ruth Carroll, Bertha Brainard Myrtle Halvor- 
 son. 
 
 Bakers' Wives and Sweethearts Johanna Londergan 
 
 Ella Flynn, Olga Serumgard, Elsie Dahl, Evelyn Hilleboe. 
 
 Blacksmiths' Wives Ella Thompson, 
 
 Amy Gronna, Maud Woods, Marion Hoover, Inez Wil- 
 liams. 
 
 Merchants' Wives Margaret Plank, 
 
 Eva Murphy, Mabel Hanson, Alma Johnson, Avice 
 Wright. 
 
 The Morris Dancers: Men Richard Thexton, 
 
 Don Payne, Robert Lowe, William Ellison, Carroll John- 
 son, Henry Roquette, John Jennison, Roland King, Frank 
 Talcott, Louis Tellner, Laurence Thomas, Joe Snowfield. 
 
 The Morris Dancers: Women Margaret Geister, 
 
 Ethel Gemmel, Annie Miller, Elsie Mills, Mabel Martin, 
 Mildred Noltimier, Florence Fried, Mabel Laxdahl, Myrtle 
 White, Edith Hagert, Katheryn Robbins, Edith Youngberg. 
 
 The Country Dancers — The members of the various gilds, 
 their wives, and their sweethearts. 
 
 ©l|p ^rrcnb Part: ICa^alU 
 
 LaSalle Harry E. South 
 
 TONTY Arthur Shaft 
 
 Friar Douay Hume Bacon 
 
 L'ArcHEVEQUE Henry Schwam 
 
 Duhaut Cuyler Anderson 
 
5il|P ^watib J?art; Ha ^allf (ronttnu^ h) 
 
 HiENS Vine Lord 
 
 Teissier Horace Webster 
 
 Surgeon Liotot Lawrence Feetham 
 
 Pauguk Joseph Forster 
 
 Ka-GI-GE-GI-ZHIG LaRue Shaw 
 
 Wa-BI-KE-KEK John Harris 
 
 Pe-MI-KAW-WED Seymour Anderson 
 
 Ke-BI-CUM-IG-ISH-KUNK Sherman Schlosser 
 
 Indian Guide Don Payne 
 
 Illinois Warriors Raymond Murray, 
 
 Thomas Hesketh, John Hesketh, Theodore Roy, Harris 
 Robinson, Lyal Merry, Earl Whitney, Bert Whitney. 
 
 Miami Warriors Robert Mansfield 
 
 Ernest Hancock, Wilham Leenhouts, Lewis Casmey, Ivin 
 Harris, Ernest Coon. 
 
 Shawanoe Warriors M. H. Bieseker, 
 
 Herbert Miller, Charles Nollman, A. G. Hanson, A. J. 
 
 Whitcomb, Frank Milloy, Richard Brooke, W. L. Johns, 
 
 Monta Perry. 
 Other Warriors Fred Wardwell 
 
 Alonzo Grace, John Jennison. 
 
 Illinois Squaws Inez Moore, 
 
 Hortense Moore, Grace Hilleboe, Mary Goldberg, Frances 
 Cathro, Hildegarde Fried, Vera Bollinger, Frances DuBois. 
 
 Illinois Maidens Vera Markell, 
 
 Edna Rasmussen, Lila Burgett, Majel Chase, Inez Seram- 
 gard, Bernice Budge, Anne Bowman, Anna Nestos, Ger- 
 trude Egermayer, Edith Fisher, Gladys Humphrey, Anne 
 Miller. 
 
 Illinois Children Edna Salt, 
 
 Katherine Thian, Charlotte Maltman, Frank McVey, Vir- 
 ginia McVey, Janette McVey, Margaret Libby, Frances 
 Pettijohn, Margaret Gillette, Frances Jackson, William 
 Pettijohn. 
 
Ollfip S^i|trd fart: Hrr^nbrgr 
 
 Verendrye Randall Larson 
 
 Pierre Howard Houston 
 
 Henry Thomas Whelan 
 
 Charles Porter Talcott 
 
 Father Degonnor Alvin Stomner 
 
 Doctor Wesley Johnston 
 
 Mrs. Mowbray Margaret Kolars 
 
 OcHAGACH Lyall Merry 
 
 Indian Guide : Fred Gutknecht 
 
 Trappers and Traders Arthur Shaft, 
 
 George McClintock, Fred Mann, Elder Lium, Harry Fitch. 
 
 Merchants Orval McHaffie, 
 
 Vernon McCutchan, Lester Smith, Edgar Gustafson. 
 
 Artisans Henry Murphy, 
 
 George Fingarson, Claude Mclver, Amon Flaten. 
 
 Fruit Seller Joe Snowfield 
 
 Confetti Sellers Richard Thexton, 
 
 Don Payne. 
 
 Peddlers of Horns Louis Tellner, 
 
 Laurence Thomas. 
 
 MasQUERADERS Morrill Cook, 
 
 Robert Lowe, Carroll Johnson, William Ellison, Roland 
 King, Frank Talcott. 
 
 Frenchwomen Gladys Hanawalt 
 
 Alice Hunter, Hannah Thompson. 
 
 Queen of the Carnival Grace Loughlin 
 
 Dais Bearers Hume Bacon, 
 
 Sylvan Lyksett, Albin Eiland, Wilbur Lycan, John Muir, 
 Ray Nollman, Victor Gies, Martien Cook. 
 
 Flower Girls Grace Kolars, 
 
 Genevieve O'Keefe, Florence Brett, Helen Alexander. 
 
®lj^ ©Ijtrb Part: 'Mtttuht^t (rotttinueb) 
 
 Flower Dancers 
 
 Sn>eet Peas Vaughn Miller, 
 
 Kate Cowan, Elaine Baldwin, Evelyn Bumam. 
 
 Lilies Ruth Soule, 
 
 Jessie Grassick, Lois Tombs, Ruth Smith. 
 
 Pansies Louise Duggan, 
 
 Maude Martin, Hazel Ladd, lone Beardsley. 
 
 Daisies Frances Londergan 
 
 Gertrude Healy, Martha Barnes, Winnifred Nelson. 
 
 Children Phyllis Perrott, 
 
 Mabel Perrott, Jessie Simpson, Robert Simpson, Kenneth 
 Becker, Marjorie Wilkerson, Helen Brush, Elizabeth Brush. 
 
 ®I|0 Jaurtti Part: IQtht'XB mh (Ulark 
 
 Captain Lewis Lawrence Feetham 
 
 Captain Clark Hume Bacon 
 
 Charbonneau William Boyce 
 
 Black Cat John Hairis 
 
 Black Moccasin LaRue Shaw 
 
 Sheheka Seymour Anderson 
 
 LaRochE Arthur Shaft 
 
 McCracken George McClintock 
 
 Jessuame Clayborn Angle 
 
 SAKAKAWEA ETHEL HALCROW 
 
 Sergeant Ordway Ralph Roy 
 
 Sergeant Prior Fred Taylor 
 
 Sergeant Gass Wallace Patterson 
 
 Private Colter Albert Sheets 
 
 Private Frazer Elwood Patterson 
 
 Private Fields Frank Burns 
 
 Private Hall Elder Lium 
 
 Private Windsor Fred Mann 
 
©Il^ Jffaurtlj Part: Urtoia anb (Ulark (rontlnurb) 
 
 Henderson Albin Eiland 
 
 Haney Harry Fitch 
 
 York, a negro Jack Johnson 
 
 Lighting Crow Fred DuBois 
 
 Eagle's Feather Henry Schwam 
 
 Little Raven Earl Franklin 
 
 Black Buffalo LaRoy Burdick 
 
 Horned Weasel Rudolph Poelke 
 
 Seeing Snake William Wyard 
 
 Indian Youths Howard Plank 
 
 James Cosgriff. 
 
 Mandan Warriors Raymond Murray, 
 
 Thomas Hesketh, John Hesketh, Theodore Roy, Hams 
 Robinson, Lyall Merry, Earl Whitney, Bert Whitney, 
 Ernest Coon, Ernest Hancock, Robert Mansfield, William 
 Leenhouts, Lewis Casmey, Ivin Harris, M. H. Bieseker, 
 Herbert Miller, Charles Nollman, A. G. Hanson, A. J. 
 Whitcomb, Frank Milloy, Richard Brooke, W. L. Johns, 
 Monta Perry, Alonzo Grace, Fred Wardwell. 
 
 Indian Squaws and Maidens Hortense Moore, 
 
 Grace Hilleboe, Mary Goldberg, Frances Cathro, Inez 
 Moore, Hildegarde Fried, Vera Bollinger, Frances DuBois, 
 Anne Bowman, Vera Markell, Edna Rasmussen, Anna 
 Nestos, Lila Burgett, Gertrude Egermayer, Majel Chase, 
 Edith Fisher, Inez Serumgard, Gladys Humphrey, Bernice 
 Budge, Anne Miller. 
 
 Indian Children Edna Salt, 
 
 Charlotte Maltman, Katherine Thian, Margaret Libby, 
 Frank McVey, Virginia McVey, Janette McVey, Francis 
 Pettijohn, Margaret Gillette. 
 
 A group of full-blooded Indians of the Chippewa tribe from 
 the Turtle Mountain Reservation will take part in the Indian scenes. 
 
 Prompter Miss Merle Rutherford 
 
 1 
 
A f ageant of tl^p Nnrti|-3ipat 
 
 The Pageant is announced b\) three trumpet calls of the Herald, 
 
 The Spirit of Prophecy. 
 
 A sialTPart old man in gray robe, bearing in his hand his prophet's 
 
 staff. 
 
 We beg you, gentle auditors, bear with us patiently. 
 
 While we present before you on this stage 
 
 Scenes quite forgotten, though the time is short. 
 
 Lives these great heroes lived and dared — the dangers 
 
 Of portage and prairie. The watchful savage. 
 
 Fearing lest they should drive him from his home. 
 
 Opposed their progress and proved a formidable enemy. 
 
 What paltry stage, we pray, can picture to you 
 
 The mighty hardships which these men endured. 
 
 But on this turf, under the open sky, 
 
 Here in this natural theatre, which we have named 
 
 Bankside, in memory of Shakespeare, our eternal bard. 
 
 Behold bold Radisson, newly arrived in London, 
 
 Reciting to the eager merchants there 
 
 Tales of adventure in that distant land 
 
 Far to the north of those small English settlements 
 
 Scattered along the great Atlantic's shore. 
 
 Behold La Salle, forming a friendly bond 
 
 At Starved Rock with the Illinois, 
 
 Attempting to unite for strong defense 
 
 That nation with the jealous neighboring tribes. 
 
 Verendrye we will next present to you. 
 
Striving to reach the distant Western Sea, 
 
 Wandering on through many tedious years, 
 
 Till weary with his failure, he turns back 
 
 To die; yet still undaunted his three sons 
 
 Press on, determined to complete the task. 
 
 They also fail to reach the goal, and die. 
 
 Next shall you see Lewis and Clark, two men 
 
 Who owe their exploration's great success 
 
 To the Bird- Woman, Sakakawea. 
 
 She guided safely over peak and plain 
 
 Until the broad Pacific's shore was reached. 
 
 Let the events which we will picture here. 
 
 Fill you with pride for this our native state. 
 
 Whose soil the feet of these brave men once pressed. 
 
' ' That intrepid French explorer and trader whose 
 career bears nothing in it so worthy of his daring and 
 of his resourcefulness as the part he took in the 
 founding of the Hudson 's Bay Company. 
 
 - Libby. 
 
®t|p 3Firat fart: lalitBaon 
 
 The Formation of the Hudson's Bay Company, 1667. 
 Scene: London, The Gild Hall. 
 
 The Gild Hall, garlanded in festive colors, awaits the coming 
 of the merchants and tradesmen of London-town, for to-day they 
 hold high holiday and make great revelling. Shouts are heard 
 from the crowd, off-stage — "Here they come! They come." "The 
 Gild Parade!" Trumpets sound far down the street. The pro- 
 cession approaches, with ever increased enthusiasm from the crowd. 
 
 Morris players, with their quaint costumes and dances, enter 
 the Hall, leading the procession. Then, preceded by two courtly 
 torchbearers, comes the Mayor, strutting proudly along, and ac- 
 knowledging with great dignity the cheers of the crowd. Next 
 are the merchants, marching haughtily along with their wives, and 
 carrying a huge purple banner with the inscription, "Merchant Gild 
 of London," in large gold letters. Then come the bakers, dressed 
 in white jackets, caps, and trousers, carrying a great loaf of bread, 
 waving to their friends, and dancing along with their wives and 
 sweethearts. Then follow in order the glovers, carrying a huge 
 glove; the blacksmiths with their leather aprons, carrying a 
 large wooden horse shoe; the hatters with a great hat; the gold- 
 smiths with a banner; and the apothecaries with a large mortar 
 and pestle. The parade is completed by the butchers' gild with 
 the members dressed in white aprons and caps, carrying a boar's 
 head. The Morris players dance toward the center of the stage 
 while the rest of the procession arrange themselves, with jest and 
 laughter, at the back. Small, lithe Tom Smith, the baker, 
 pokes prim Miss Lucinda Brown, the glover's sweetheart, because 
 he knows she will scream and shock herself and her sweetheart, 
 too. Then he trips Jones, the hatter, who struts along so proudly. 
 
A Pageant of the North -West 
 
 Wherever Tom goes you may be sure mischief is afoot, and Tom 
 goes everywhere. But see, attention is drawn toward the center 
 of the stage, for there the dance of the Morris players is in full 
 swing. What wild, free movements, suggesting open fields, whole- 
 some hearts. Indeed, it is nature's own expression of joy! Fat, 
 jovial Brown, the baker, grabs Mrs. Hawkins, the blacksmith's wife, 
 and awkwardly tries to imitate the dancers, but succeeds only in 
 tripping poor Mrs. Hawkins, who does not look as if she were 
 enjoying Brown's attentions. The Morris dancers finish, and their 
 success is vouched for by the wild applause and cheers of the 
 merrymakers. The crowd can no longer resist the music, and in a 
 wink an old-fashioned country-dance is in progress. Suddenly, in 
 the midst of the merriment, the herald blows his trumpet. What 
 can this mean? The revelling ceases instantly, and everyone is 
 breathless with expectation. 
 
 The trumpeter has hardly ceased his call when there enters a 
 group of men who, from their very bearing, suggest aristocracy. 
 Yes, that is the Duke of York in advance; all eyes are directed 
 to the two men behind him who are so earnestly engaged in discus- 
 sion. One is surely Prince Rupert, but who is the stranger with 
 him? It is Radisson, the famous French explorer. Several noble- 
 men, shipowners, and sea captains follow, but they receive scant at- 
 tention from the crowd. The regal party advances toward the 
 Lord Mayor, who struts out pompously to receive them. After a 
 few words with the Duke, he holds up his hand for silence and ad- 
 dresses the crowd. 
 
 Lord Mayor: 
 
 Hold ! The Duke of York is come ! 
 
 The Duf^e steps forward on the platform. He is tall, 
 dignifiecl, stately, but too much an egotist to he a favorite 
 Tvith the people. With much pomp he addresses the 
 crowd. 
 
The First Part: Radisson 
 
 Duke of York: 
 
 Loyal subjects of the King! To England has come a great ex- 
 plorer — Radisson. He has been in the wilderness of America and 
 comes to present to you an enterprise of great worth. Let all re- 
 spect be shown him. 
 
 Radisson steps out from the crowd. Tall, straight as 
 an arrow, he stands. His hair is darl?, streamed with 
 gra^, his features clear cut and firm, his face lined with 
 marks of struggle and privation. The dauntless will 
 gleaming from his epes marks him as a leader of men. 
 
 Radisson : 
 Merchants and craftsmen of London! I have come from the court 
 of Louis of France. I sought the support of the French in a great 
 enterprise, promising rich returns. My own countrymen failed to 
 grasp this opportunity. I come to you, you leaders of industry, you 
 promoters of trade, to offer you a place in this venture for vast 
 riches beyond the Great Lakes of America. 
 
 The Crowd: 
 Hear ! Hear I 
 
 A Butcher: 
 
 In the merrymaking he stood apart, disgruntled; now he 
 shouts sneeringl^. 
 
 H'm! If this enterprise is so fine, why wouldn't France have it? It 
 looks funny to me. 
 
 A Glover : 
 
 Big chunk to swallow. 
 
 Several others, who are distrustful of anything French, 
 are silenced fcp the crowd. 
 
A Pageant of the North-West 
 
 The Crowd: 
 Impatiently. 
 
 Peace! Ho! Hear! Hear Radisson! Aye! Aye! Radisson! 
 
 The irrepressible Tom Smith shoves the butcher's hat over 
 his face, 
 
 Radisson : 
 
 For three years, with my good companion Grosseilliers, I have been 
 in the north of this new country. Here no white man had yet come. 
 The natives Hve by hunting in the winter and fishing in the summer. 
 There is, in this country, a vast supply of furs, an inexhaustible har- 
 vest. It is awaiting you. You have only to come for it. The 
 Indians are friendly. They ojffered us their pelts for mere trinkets. 
 You have only to establish small trading posts. With a supply 
 of bright color, the wealth, the entire wealth, of this great country 
 is yours ! 
 
 The crowd has listened Tviih intense interest, and Tvith ex- 
 clamations of wonder and surprise separates into excited 
 groups. 
 
 Duke of York: 
 
 Rising pompously). 
 Loyal subjects of the King! Truly, this is an opportune occasion. 
 Opened before us we see a vast land teeming with untouched wealth. 
 Sons of England! Behold in this the vast opportunity to assure 
 England's future greatness. I, myself, will offer to head the com- 
 pany which shall further England's glory and make her the nation 
 above all others in the world of commerce. 
 
 Lord Mayor: 
 
 He steps forward to display his blatant rhetoric. 
 Worthy citizens of London! This is indeed a magnificent oppor- 
 tunity. We should take advantage of it. It means wealth! Un- 
 
The First Part: Radisson 
 
 valued wealth! And who here does not wish to be rich? We 
 will send ships to this land of buffaloes and beaver, and we will 
 supply the whole world with furs. We must make England the 
 mistress of the world in the fur trade. And ours, worthy citizens, 
 ours shall be the profit and honor of this magnanimous undertaking. 
 
 During the Ma^or^s speech, Tom Smith, on the edge of 
 the crowd, and so placed that the Ma^or cannot see him, 
 imitates Tvith exaggeration the Mayor's oratorical efforts. 
 Some titter and nudge each other, hut when the Mayor 
 finishes, they give him hearty applause, and cheer lustily. 
 A merchant trader then rises. During his speech some 
 nod their heads in approval, others turn to their neighbors 
 with a brief, ''He's right. This is a good thing.'* 
 
 A Merchant Trader: 
 
 Fellow-citizens, this has been a subject of much concern to me. 
 Conditions demand a change. Our fur supplies are giving out. In 
 Virginia they were long ago exhausted; in the southern colonies and 
 Massachusetts they are running low. In New York alone is there 
 still a brisk fur trade. If we, as traders, wish to hold our position, 
 we must find a new source of supplies. This man has found what 
 we are looking for, an unexplored country with natives eager to 
 barter with us. I am in favor of seizing this opportunity, organ- 
 izing a company, and at once planting the English flag on this 
 domain. 
 
 The crowd applauds with good spirit. 
 
 A Ship Owner: 
 This plan meets with my hearty approval because it fosters an in- 
 dustry for which England is naturally adapted. We have ever 
 been a maritime power, steadily advancing, until now our position 
 is unquestioned. But we cannot rest on our laurels; the Dutch and 
 
A Pageant of the North-West 
 
 the French are our close rivals. This opportunity is unparalleled. 
 Let us seize it, and by building up a steady commercial intercourse 
 between this new land and our own, we will make England mistress 
 of the seas. 
 
 A Sea Captain: 
 
 You're right. Captain. It's a mighty fine chance to get even. Just 
 watch France when she hears of it. Ha! Ha! We beat the 
 Dutch and we beat the Spaniards; now for the French! 
 
 Various expressions of approval and disapproval from the 
 crowd. 
 
 Prince Rupert: 
 
 Merchants and craftsmen of London! I am greatly interested in 
 this plan, this wonderful enterprise. But we must work together. I 
 suggest that we organize a company, naming it after that great 
 region where we shall work, Hudson Bay. We must first issue stock 
 and approximate the financial support we shall receive. I, for one, 
 will take stock amounting to £300. 
 
 Duke of York: 
 Prince, I, too, will pledge £300. 
 
 Prince Rupert: 
 Ah. the Duke of York pledges £300. 
 
 First Nobleman: 
 I pledge £600. 
 
 Second Nobleman: 
 And I, £700. 
 
 Third Nobleman: 
 I will pledge £500. 
 
The First Part: Radisson 
 
 A Ship Owner: 
 I pledge £150. 
 
 A Sea Captain: 
 
 He has been making up a pool rvith some of his compan- 
 ionsy and notv holds up in>o or three sacf^s of money in 
 one handy raises the other and shouts: 
 And we pledge £25. 
 
 A Baker: 
 
 Amongst the bakers another pool has been made^ and one 
 of their number announces the result. 
 
 Our craft pledges £20. 
 
 Lord Mayor: 
 I, myself, will pledge £ 1 7. 
 
 Prince Rupert: 
 
 Ah, now I am assured of financial support. We have only to ob- 
 tain a charter from the King, and select a patron or leader. When 
 this is done nothing can prevent our success. 
 
 The Crowd: 
 Radisson ! Radisson ! 
 
 Radisson : 
 People of London! My heart is filled with gratitude at your 
 generous reception of my plan. You have proved yourselves a 
 great commercial people. You have shown the world your won- 
 derful insight, your swiftness in grasping opportunities, your com- 
 mercial wisdom. The time has now come for you to use your 
 great power and limitless resources in this work. I will stake my 
 life to make it a success, and I know that, together, we shall win. 
 
A Pageant of the North-West 
 
 We shall make the Hudson's Bay Company the greatest and richest 
 commercial enterprise the world has yet known. 
 
 The Crowd: 
 
 As the explorer and the ducal patr^ leave the Hall, the 
 merrymakers iolloxv dancing and shouting. 
 
 Radisson ! Radisson ! Radisson ! 
 
Ca Sail? 
 
 "He belonged not to the age of the knight- errant 
 and the saint, but to the modern world of practical 
 study and practical action. America owes him an 
 enduring memory; for in this masculine figure she 
 sees the pioneer who guided her to the possession of 
 her richest heritage. " 
 
 — Parktnan. 
 
A SONG FOR THE DEAD. 
 
 To be chanted b^ the SPIRIT OF PROPHECY and the 
 Attending Spirits. 
 
 I. 
 
 Weep, weep, there is cause to weep. 
 Weep, weep, there is cause for grief. 
 Weep, weep, let the red blood seep. 
 Into the cruel, thirsty ground. 
 
 Weep, weep, there is cause to weep. 
 Weep, weep, there is cause for grief. 
 Weep, weep, the dark blood does seep. 
 Into the cold, thirsty ground. 
 
 II. 
 
 Vow, vow that the dead, the slain. 
 Shall, shall be avenged, avenged; 
 Vow, vow that the dreadful stain. 
 Shall, shall be wiped from thy name. 
 
 Weep, weep, there is cause to weep. 
 Weep, weep, there is cause for grief. 
 Weep, weep, shall the red blood seep. 
 And the dead be unavenged? 
 
 III. 
 
 Pledge, pledge to LaSalle your trust. 
 Pledge, pledge that the foe may fear; 
 Pledge, pledge, shall the carbine rust 
 And the dead be unavenged? 
 
 Wail, wail, there is cause to wail. 
 Wail, wail, there is cause for grief. 
 Wail, wail, but the foe shall quail. 
 And the slaughtered shall be avenged. 
 
®Ijp ^firond part: ICa ^alb 
 
 Episode 1. Pauguk, the Indian Omen of Death. 
 Scene: A typical Indian lodge. 
 
 Squaws emerge from the tepees and light the camp fire. Chil- 
 dren play about the fire and among the tepees. Here a boy is 
 trying to replace a broken bow-string. The squaws are busy; some 
 making moccasins, one grinding corn, and still others getting ready 
 the evening meal. A young girl is seen making a basket, and 
 another is weaving a mat. 
 
 Suddenly a hush comes over the camp. Unexpected, unan- 
 nounced, unseen, from the rear comes Pauguk, the Indian embodi- 
 ment of Death, grim, stern, foreboding. He stands for a moment, 
 unnoticed. Then, waving his bat-like wings slightly, he fixes his 
 stare on a group of warriors silently approaching from the dis- 
 tance. The very absence of all sounds is ominous. One of the 
 squaws, as if impelled by an unseen power, turns her gaze upon 
 Pauguk. The woman struggles against the force which is im- 
 pelling her to turn; but slowly, irresistibly, she is forced to yield. 
 The others turn also. All stand watching Pauguk in terror-stricken 
 expectancy. The warriors enter with their gruesome burdens. As 
 the women recognize the dead bodies of their braves, they rock to 
 and fro, wailing. 
 
 The wail is wierd, uncanny. It is a cry for the departed soul. 
 In it is heard the quavering lament of the lonely wolf, the story of 
 the fruitless hunt, the tale of the deserted tepee, and the unkept 
 camp-fire. It rises and falls as the changing tide. It is the cry 
 of the untamed human heart. 
 
 The unrelenting figure of Pauguk remains motionless, gazing 
 grimly on the scene. The bodies are deposited on rude litters. Va- 
 rious squaws approach, and remove the burial wrappings from the 
 
A Pageant of the North-West 
 
 faces, to recognize their dead. Then the men bear off their burdens 
 to the funeral scaffolds, followed by the mourning squaws and 
 children. The scaffolds of rude poles and bark <^^^ visible to the 
 audience just off the stage, right, and a little to the rear. Behind 
 them stands Pauguk, immovable, a silent witness of the cruelty of 
 their savage enemy, the Iroquois. The wailing continues while the 
 bodies are raised to the scaffolds. When they are placed at rest, 
 the imposing figure of Pauguk rises to his full height, stretches up 
 his ommous wmgs, and gloats over the scene. Then the sorrowing 
 Illinois return to their tepees in stoic submission* 
 
 *The Dir.i;e for the Dead in the burial ceremony, and other Indian 
 music in the Pag-eant, is native music recorded by Mr. Harold A. 
 Loring-, collector of the songrs and folklore of the American Indians 
 for the United States government, and is used by his permission. 
 
®ljF Bttcnh Part: IQnBnlk 
 
 Episode IL The Grand Council. 1681. 
 Scene: Starved Rock, Illinois. 
 
 A grand council has been called, at which LaSalle is to talk 
 to the Indians and propose his plans. Seated for the council are 
 Miami, Illinois, Abenakis, Mohegans, Foxes, and others, all waiting 
 for LaSalle to appear. Suddenly LaSalle and Toxity, LaSalle's 
 right hand man, with an Indian guide, are seen approaching in a 
 canoe. LaSalle and Tonty alight. They are greeted with grave 
 ceremony by the different chieftains, and given the place of honor. 
 LaSalle arises and greets the council. 
 
 LaSalle : 
 
 Children! Mighty chiefs of the Illinois, Miami, and Mohegans — 
 brave warriors ! I am glad to see you here. Here a fire has been 
 lighted for you to smoke by. You have done well, my children, to 
 obey the command of the white chief in coming together. You will 
 hear his word, which is full of peace and friendship. (Interpreter.) 
 I come not for war, but for peace. It is good work that brings us 
 together in council. Courage, then, my children! As a sign of our 
 friendship, we will smoke the tobacco sent from the Great .White 
 King. (Interpreter.) 
 
 Toniy distributes the tobacco; first to the chiefs, then the 
 Warriors, each according to his rank' They smoke the 
 pipe of peace. 
 
 LaSalle : 
 He addresses the Illinois. 
 To you, Ka-gi-ge-gi-zhig, chief of the Illinois, and your brave 
 warriors, greatest of the western tribes, I speak. For you, O Illi- 
 
A Pageant of the North-West 
 
 nois, whose dead are many as the birds of the forest, the Great 
 Father is pleading. He would save the lives of his people. Where 
 is the Illinois village? The meadow is black with fire. Every- 
 where there are heaps of ashes. (Interpreter.) Where are the 
 warriors? Howling wolves feed on your dead. The air is black 
 with buzzards. Your dead are torn down from the scaffolds. Their 
 bones lie bleaching in the sun. Everywhere on the blackened poles 
 of your wigwams are the bloody heads of your old men, and all 
 about the the half-burned bodies of your women and children bound 
 to the stakes. Your caches have been robbed. Your maize fields 
 have been burned. All is dead and bare. The sun sets on a wil- 
 derness. (Interpreter.) 
 
 He stops speaking for a moment, and half suppressed TPail- 
 ing is heard. 
 
 LaSalle: 
 My heart is sad to see no canoes on the water, no hunters in 
 the woods, no lodges in your villages, to hear no welcome from 
 your warriors. Therefore have I come, my children, to bring cloths 
 to cover your dead and many presents to do them honor. It is the 
 Iroquois who have killed your people and destroyed your villages. 
 The ominous red stone the Iroquois have left behind them, a cruel 
 sign of their outrages. (Interpreter.) The Iroquois are subjects of 
 the Great White King and LaSalle, [Gesture to himself] but they 
 have disobeyed. The Great King is angry. LaSalle is angry. I prom- 
 ised you guns and protection. You doubted me. Your enemies 
 came like wolves to devour you. Your brother, LaSalle, has come 
 to offer you protection. He will live among you and supply you 
 with goods, and you will live at peace. (Interpreter.) 
 
 LaSalle sits doTDn. Illinois chief rises and speaks. 
 
 Illinois Chief: Ka-gi-ge-gi-zhig (His-sun-never-sets) : 
 The paleface is a great warrior. We will call him chief. We will 
 
The Second Part: LaSalle 
 
 go to our people. We will all live in peace. [Holds up calumet.] 
 We will bring to the white chief much corn. He shall be our chief, 
 (Interpreter.) 
 
 TONTY: 
 
 He addresses the Miami. 
 
 Mighty Miami, you have lost your chief, and the great LaSalle 
 
 has come to fill his place. He will take the name of your dead 
 
 chieftain. He will support his squaws and children. (Interpreter.) 
 
 The Miami grunt in approval. Tonty hands ttvo belts 
 of nyampum to their representatives. 
 
 LaSalle : 
 He speaks to the Miami. 
 
 My master, the French King, is a great ruler. The chiefs 
 you have seen are but children beside him. He is a great tree, and 
 they are blades of grass. He will protect you. You must live at 
 peace with the Illinois. You are foolish to form a league with the 
 Iroquois. If they destroy the Illinois, they will next destroy you. 
 You must be all one great family. [Gesture to all the /rites] . If 
 you will be children of the great French king, we will drive out 
 the enemy and build up a powerful people. (Interpreter.) 
 
 They listen, Ti>ell pleased. LaSalle sits. 
 
 Miami Chief: Wa-bi-ke-kek (White Hawk): 
 He rises. 
 
 Brave warrior of the Great White King, the Illinois is our brother. 
 We will live at peace with him. (Interpreter.) 
 
 Illinois chief rises. LaSalle and Tonty rise. 
 
 ToNTY : 
 
 My chief has said that he will keep back the Iroquois. He has 
 promised you the protection of the Great King. You do well to 
 
A Pageant of the North-West 
 
 trust him. You will have much game and corn and wampum. (In- 
 terpreter.) 
 
 At this point an Illinois brave enters, and stands at the 
 edge of the council with hand upraised. The Illinois chief 
 beckons him in. In the Indian sign language, he informs 
 his chief that there is a band of Shan>anoes outside who 
 wish admittance. The chief gives his consent. The brave 
 departs, then returns before a Shawance chief and ten 
 Warriors. The Shawanoe chief, Pe-mi-l-(aw-wed (He-who 
 malies-fooi-tracl^s-going-by), expresses in pantomime his 
 desire to speak to LaSalle, and permission is given. 
 Through sign language, LaSalle discovers that he has 
 come all the wa}^ from the Ohio River to seek the pro- 
 tection of the French. LaSalle tells him that the home of 
 the Shawanoes hj the Ohio is too distant, but that if the}) 
 will come to the Illinois the}) shall be safe. Pe-mi-k(i'^-^<^d 
 promises to join LaSalle in the autumn at Fort Miami. 
 All are now seated with the exception of LaSalle, who 
 closes the council. 
 
 LaSalle : 
 Brothers, it is well. No more can the Iroquois trouble you. The 
 faces of your children will be bright again. Your hunt will be 
 successful. Your corn fields will not be destroyed. The French 
 will live among you. They will build up a gr^at nation here. It 
 will include all the tribes from the Great Sea Water toward the 
 Rising Sun to the land of the Sioux, and open up the country to the 
 mouth of the Father of Waters. They will buy your furs and sell 
 you the goods of the white man. The smoke of this council fire 
 shall spread over the whole country, and we will all live at peace. 
 (Interpreter.) 
 
 He indicates by a gesture thai the council is closed. The 
 Indians gradually; disperse, and LaSalle and Tonty retire 
 to the canoe. The Indian paddles them slowly out of 
 sight. 
 
®Ij^ ^^rnttln Part: Sai^alb 
 
 The Spirit of Prophecy. 
 
 Six years have passed since bold LaSalle gathered 
 
 The warring tribes around his council fire 
 
 And bade them dwell in peace with one another. 
 
 But now, he, who could unify the savages. 
 
 Is powerless to restrain his followers. 
 
 Daily their spirits grow more discontent, 
 
 Until mutiny breaks forth, and he, 
 
 Who led them through the Avilderness, himself is slain. 
 
Episode III. The Death of LaSalle. 1687. 
 Scene: A Wilderness Camp, in what is noTV Texas. 
 
 At the time this scene takes place, LaSalle and his party are 
 on their way to Canada. Joutel, a trusty soldier from Fort St. 
 Louis, is with them. He is to go to Quebec and to proceed thence 
 to France to solicit aid for the colony, while LaSalle is to return 
 to Texas. They are not a prosperous looking company. They 
 lead with them their five horses, laden with their scanty baggage; 
 and, what is of no less importance, their stock of presents for the 
 Indians. Some wear the remains of the clothing they have worn 
 from France, eked out with deer skins, dressed in the Indian man- 
 ner, and some have coats of old sail-cloth. Here is LaSalle, in 
 whom one would know at a glance the chief of the party. Here, 
 too, are his nephews, Moranget and young Cavelier; the trusty 
 soldier, Joutel; and the friar Anastase Douay. Also, here is Duhaut, 
 a man of respectable birth and education ; and Liotot, the surgeon 
 of the party. The other men are Hiens, a German ex-buccaneer; 
 L'Archeveque, a servant of Duhaut; Nika, LaSalle's Indian hun- 
 ter, who has tv/ice crossed the ocean with him; Saget, his faithful 
 servant, and others to the number of seventeen. They are a motley 
 group. At home they might perhaps have lived and died with a 
 fair repute; but the wilderness is a rude touchstone, which often 
 reveals traits that would have lain buried and unsuspected in civi- 
 lized life. 
 
 They have not been an harmonious company. LaSalle has not 
 been in good favor with his men because of his cold and haughty 
 reserve. Duhaut and the surgeon Liotot, both of whom have a 
 large pecuniary interest in LaSalle's enterprise of colonization, are 
 disappointed in its unprofitable results. They have quarreled with 
 
The Second Part: LaSalle 
 
 young Moranget, LaSalle's nephew. There have been several in- 
 trigues. It is even stated on good authority that Liotot has secretly 
 sworn vengeance on LaSalle, whom he holds responsible for the 
 death of his brother. On a former journey this young man's 
 strength had failed, LaSalle had ordered him to return to the fort, 
 and he had been killed by Indians on the way. 
 
 On the 1 5th of March, the party camped within a few miles 
 of a spot which LaSalle had passed on a preceding journey, and 
 where he had left some Indian corn and beans in cache. Pro- 
 visions were short, so LaSalle sent a party from camp to find it. 
 These men were Duhaut, Liotot, Hiens, the buccaneer, Teissier, 
 L'Archeveque, Nika, the hunter, and LaSalle's servant, Saget. They 
 found the contents of the cache spoiled, but Nika managed to shoot 
 two buffaloes. They encamped on the spot, and sent the servant to 
 ask LaSalle to send horses to bring in the meat. Accordingly, 
 LaSalle sent Moranget and DeMarle, with the necessary horses, 
 to go with Saget to the hunters' camp. When they arrived they 
 found that Duhaut and his companions had already cut up the 
 meat, and laid it upon scaffolds for smoking. Duhaut and the 
 others had also put by, for themselves, certain portions of the meat 
 to which, by woodland custom, they had a perfect right. Moranget 
 fell into a most unreasonable fit of rage, berated and menaced Duhaut 
 and his party, and ended by seizing upon the whole of the meat, 
 including the reserved portions. This added fuel to the fire of 
 Duhaut s old grudge against Moranget and his uncle. He took 
 counsel apart with Hiens, Teissier, and L Archeveque, and they 
 decided to kill Moranget that night. The plot was kept secret. 
 Night came; and while Moranget, Saget, and Nika were peacefully 
 sleeping, the villainous plotters foully murdered all three. Even 
 DeMarle was forced to compromise himself. 
 
 LaSalle, meanwhile, anxiously waited one da}'^; and then. 
 
A Pageant of the North-West 
 
 alarmed by the delay, set out in a canoe with Friar Douay and 
 an Indian guide to search for them. This scene opens with the 
 mutineers in camp, shortly before LaSalle discovers them. L'Ar- 
 cheveque, Duhaut, the surgeon Liotet, Hiens, and Tiessier are in 
 temporary camp. They walk in, all talking earnestly. 
 
 L'Archeveque: 
 LaSalle will search for us. He will suspect something. 
 
 Duhaut : 
 
 LaSalle, indeed! [Sneers.] Let rne hear no more of the over- 
 bearing fellow. He tried to give that insolent Moranget command 
 over us. We had to kill him. We endured his impudence too long. 
 
 L'Archeveque: 
 
 Let LaSalle die too! It is his turn now. We are all tired of his 
 foolish delays and his haughty treatment. Why wait longer? Let 
 him die. ! 
 
 Trvo shots are heard. All are startled. 
 
 Duhaut : 
 
 Back! 'Tis he! He seeks Moranget! Are you ready? We'll 
 hide in the reeds. You wait here. [To L'Archeveque.] Make 
 him angry. Then we'll have an excuse for attacking him. 
 
 All hide, except L'Archeveque, who remains in sight. 
 LaSalle, Friar Doua}), and Ke-be-cum-ig-ish-f^unk (He- 
 who-treads-the-earth-to-the-end) , the Indian guide, come 
 up the river in the canoe. They land at a short distance 
 from L'Archeveque and the hidden men. 
 
 Friar Douay : 
 
 Here are footprints! [LaSalle moves forward impatiently).] Yes, 
 my son, but you must not be rash. Remember you do not deal 
 with Indians now, but with treacherous white men! 
 
The Second Part: LaSalle 
 
 LaSalle : 
 
 True, true! All my life I have regretted that I could not manage 
 my men. Always I could control the Indians, but not my own men. 
 
 Friar Douay: 
 
 But, my son, you have been successful. You have opened up 
 the great country of the Mississippi. You have done much for 
 France. Even though you have not been able to control white 
 men, you have been successful. Here — who is that? 
 
 LaSalle : 
 
 He goes toivard the figure. 
 
 Holla there! L'Archeveque ! Where are the men? Where is 
 Moranget? 
 
 L'Archeveque does not answer, and LaSalle continues. 
 Where are they? Answer me! 
 
 L'Archeveque: 
 
 He ansnjers v^ith cool and studied insolence. 
 Wandering about somewhere. 
 
 LaSalle : 
 
 He advances toivard him threateningly. 
 Where are they, I say! Answer me, or I'll 
 
 L'Archeveque: 
 
 He retreats nearer to hiding place. 
 Somewhere here. Don't know. Don't care. 
 
 LaSalle is angr^. He rushes at L'Archeveque and comes 
 nearer to the ambuscade. A shot is fired from the grass; 
 then another. LaSalle drops dead. The friar stands 
 terror-stricken. Duhaut rushes from the hushes and calls 
 to the friar. 
 
A Pageant of the North-West 
 
 DUHAUT: 
 
 Not you, father, not you! It was LaSaile we wanted. He'll not 
 rob us of our money! He'll not ruin us! He'll not lead us to 
 death. His skulking dog, Moranget, won't rule us! 
 
 The Friar bends over the body of LaSalle. Others gather 
 around. 
 
 LlOTOT : 
 
 He cries out in exultation. 
 
 There thou liest, great Bashaw, there thou liest! 
 
 The Indian guide falls on the bod}), but is ^ic^eJ aWay. 
 The murderers mock at the body and drag it into the 
 bushes, folloTved by the guide and the friar, n>ho crosses 
 himself repeatedly. 
 
ISnmit^t 
 
 "He sketched the broad outlines of a fur trade 
 empire for the greater North- West, hut the consumma- 
 tion of his far-reaching designs came in a later gen- 
 eration and under an alien flag. 
 
 — Lihby 
 
THE VOYAGEUR'S BOAT SONG 
 
 To he chanted b^ the SPIRIT OF PROPHECY and the 
 Attendant Spirits 
 
 I. 
 
 Ho, ho, the rushing stream is foaming. 
 Ho, ho, the boat is wet with spray. 
 Ho, ho, we love the life of roaming. 
 
 Roaming, roaming through the quiet day. 
 
 II. 
 
 Ho, ho, the portage now approaching. 
 Ho, ho, the sturdy back must bend. 
 Ho, ho, who here will bear reproaching; 
 
 Reproaching, reproaching his sluggard ways to mend. 
 
 III. 
 
 Ho, ho, the bright camp fire is glowing. 
 
 Ho, ho, the meat is on the fire. 
 
 Ho, ho, the cool north wind is blowing. 
 
 Blowing, blowing the tossing pine to tire. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Ho, ho, the morning light is breaking. 
 Ho, ho, we greet the coming day. 
 Ho, ho, we boatsmen now are taking. 
 
 Taking, taking again our joyful way. 
 
Episode I. The Departure of Verendrye. 1741. 
 Scene: Montreal, Bon Secours Marlf;ei. A sunn^ morning. 
 
 It is early May in the year 1741. The last snow has dis- 
 appeared, and the first flowers promise spring. The yearly Car- 
 nival celebrating the Passing of Winter and the Coming of Spring 
 is, therefore, the important event of the day. In the background, 
 the market-stalls are festooned with every gay hue, flags, bunting, 
 pennons, rosettes, streamers — in fact, all manner of things which fly, 
 and flutter, and invite the eye. 
 
 The little square is packed with a happy-faced humanity, all 
 decorated for the occasion — some in grotesque costumes, others with 
 gay or hideous masks. Even the poorest wear some ribbon or 
 flower in honor of the gala occasion. 
 
 Trappers, rivermen, tradesmen, artisans, all in their best with 
 bright scarf or sashes flying; gay young girls in bright dresses; 
 fathers of families bearing laughing children on their shoulders, 
 while proudly smiling mothers follow; groups of frolicking, bump- 
 ing, jumping children; shy couples, bold couples, but all happ}' 
 couples — in fact, the entire town, it seems, has come for the great 
 holiday of spring. The crowd separates good-naturedly to allow 
 old women, who have come out to see the world, to be helped through 
 and seated on benches by the river, where they may blink placidly 
 in the sun, and watch the people and the river flowing past. 
 
 Gay, pretty flower-girls weave through the crowd displaying their 
 posies and smiles equally well; aged fruit sellers, trumpet-voiced 
 confetti men, peddlers of horns and whistles; the cheerful clamor 
 of speech and song fills the air. There are cries of venders, screams 
 from the flower girls when some would-be purchaser attempts to 
 take a kiss instead of his rose; there are gay streamers, showers of 
 
A Pageant of the North-West 
 
 confetti, and blossoms everywhere. A long line of young men — 
 grotesquely masked and costumed — with arms on each other's 
 shroulders, seipentine through the crowd. Their number gradually in- 
 creases, leaving deserted mothers, sisters, and sweethearts gazing en- 
 viously after them. A travelling marionette show sends the crowds 
 about it into shrieks of laughter. As it moves about from place to 
 place the small boys follow, tugging after, and pushing for the 
 choice positions. Curious vehicles come and go. One fam.ily 
 rides proudly in and out in a pink cheese-cloth-covered wheel-bar- 
 row, propelled by the blacksmith father amidst peltings of confetti. 
 
 A bugle sounds ! A hush falls over the crowd ! As if by 
 magic a way clears. Amidst cheers and shov/ers of confetti and 
 flowers. Our Lady of Spring arrives, throned on a blossom-decked 
 and canopied dais borne by eight young men. Her robe is of pink, 
 the pink of rose-time. In her hair is a wreath of peach-blooms. 
 Forty girls, representing different spring flowers, follow dancing and 
 singing. Some wave ffowering wands. Others with baskets, scat- 
 ter petals over the applauding crowd. The dais of Our Lady of 
 Spring is placed in the foreground by the river-side, while her atten- 
 dants kneel before her. 
 
 Our Lady rises, waves her wand, and a space in the center is 
 rapidly cleared. Three or four guitar players at the left of the crowd 
 play a lively French air. The flower girls skip into the center and, 
 amidst cheering and enthusiastic applause from the crowd, dance the 
 old French Dance of the Spirit of Spring. Back and forth, in and 
 out, they swing and sway in the rhythm of the dance while the by- 
 standers watch, fascinated. 
 
 When the excitement is highest, one of the musicians looking 
 back, sees approaching a group contrasting strangely with the revelers. 
 The other musicians, noting their companion's silence, turn in the 
 same direction, then cease playing. This stops the dance. 
 
The Third Part: Verendrye 
 
 As the group draws near, one of the bystanders recognizes the 
 brave voyageur. La Verendrye. His cry of "Verendrye! Veren- 
 drye!" is quickly taken up by the others and "Vive La Verendrye! 
 Bravo! Bravo! Verendrye!" echoes and reechoes. 
 
 First come several men whose dress, guns and luggage indi- 
 cate them to be hunters and trappers. They are excited and talk 
 with vehement gestures. Behind them stride, stolidly, several In- 
 dians accompanied by two or three squaws. A short distance behind, 
 Verendrye, his three sons, his nephew. La Jeremaye, and a priest 
 walk slowly and thoughtfully. They are talking seriously, and 
 every little while Verendrye refers to the map in his hands. 
 At the sound of the cheers from the crowd, the approaching 
 group looks up. Some of the traders respond with yells and waves 
 of the hand; the Indians, however, retain their stolid composure. 
 Verendrye looking up, smiles, takes off his hat, and then returns to 
 his discussion with the priest. 
 
 A way opens through the crowd, and the traders and Indians go 
 to their canoes to arrange the luggage. Some of them turn to speak 
 to different ones in the crowd. The Indians stand aside in a group, 
 watching, while Verendrye and his party stand apart on the right, 
 eagerly scanning the map. 
 
 The priest, leaving Verendrye and his sons still intent upon the 
 chart, advances towards the canoes. There are murmurs of "Father 
 Degonnor," and the crowd moves back to allow him to pass. Father 
 Degonnor stands a moment silent, then turning towards the crowd, 
 lifts his hand. The murmur quickly dies out. Even the irrepressible 
 venders are silent, and stand watching him intently. 
 
 Father Degonnor: 
 
 My children, our brave commander is going on a far journey — a 
 journey of danger and hardship. He has sought aid of the king in 
 
A Pageant of the North-West 
 
 vain. He has asked aid of the governor and received only words. 
 Now, alone and without aid, he goes to find the Western Sea. He 
 goes to discover land and wealth — not for himself, but for the coun- 
 try which so neglects him. 
 
 The Crowd: 
 
 Verendrye! Verendrye! Vive La Verendrye! 
 
 At the sound, Verendrye lool^s up, and comes slowly to- 
 wards the canoes amidst cheers. Some rush to meet him, 
 others gather about his canoe, all expressing their admira- 
 tion for him and belief in his expedition. Upon reaching 
 his canoe, Verendrye turns and loof^s back toivard the 
 people, but his e\je rests on Charles, his youngest son, who 
 is to be left behind. 
 
 Verendrye: 
 
 Adieu, comrades. [Deepip moved.] We go in search of the West- 
 ern Sea. This chief, Ochagach, [indicating the big Indian], has 
 brought us word of a westward flowing river. He has told us of 
 a sea which ebbs and flows. He has told us of a great salt lake 
 and many villages. I believe this chief. I believe that this points 
 to a true way to the Western Sea — a way to the north through the 
 land of the Cristineaux and Assiniboins. The king has refused us aid, 
 but, believing that this expedition will add to the glory and wealth of 
 France, we offer our own money, our own lives for this service. 
 
 The crowd stands for a moment silent, then cheer after 
 cheer goes up, silenced onl}^ by Father Degonnor coming 
 forward and placing his hand on V erendrye' s shoulder. 
 
 Father Degonnor: 
 
 That you will undergo such sacrifice and hardship for France is 
 noble. Though France now does not respond, she will yet appreciate 
 
The Third Part: Verendrye 
 
 and repay you. Let us now, however, as always, show our loyalty 
 and patriotism to her flag. 
 
 Amidst cheers he unfolds the old flag of France, a white 
 field covered with gold fleur de lis. Then every hat is 
 removed and in silence Father Degonner fastens the flag 
 to the front of Verendrye^s canoe. 
 
 Verendrye: 
 He turns to the priest. 
 Under the flag of France, and with the blessing of God may we go. 
 
 Father Degonnor: 
 
 He raises his hand, while the crowd I^neels, and maJ^es 
 the sign of the cross over them. 
 
 Benedicat vos, omnipotens Deus Pater, et Filius, et Spiritus Sanctus. 
 Amen. 
 
 Verendrye and his sons bid farewell to Charles and step 
 into their canoes. As they push off there is a great cheer- 
 ing from the shore. Some one on shore starts the words 
 **Malhrouck s'en Va {en Guerre.'' Others take it up. 
 Soon all are singing, and continue singing till the canoes 
 disappear in the distance. Then the dais of Our Lady of 
 Spring is once more borne aloft, the flower maidens take 
 their places, dancing gracefully, while the carnival proces- 
 sion winds its way and disappears among the trees. 
 
Slf^ ®ljtr& Part: U^r^nitrg^ 
 
 The Spirit of Prophecy 
 
 Eight years have passed since Verendrye left 
 To seek the distant, unknown Western Sea. 
 He now returns, a worn-out, feeble man, 
 Broken in health, but strong in spirit still. 
 And sends his sons to finish his great task. 
 He dies amone his friends in Montreal. 
 
®Ijf Q^ifxth Part: Vtxmhr^t 
 
 Episode II. The Death of Verendrye. 1 749. 
 Scene: Montreal, Verendrye* s Garden. Afternoon. 
 
 It is the autumn of 1 749, and the warm sun fills every nook 
 and corner of Verendrye's garden. In the sunniest spot is a rustic 
 table and a large chair. Upon the table are books and papers. 
 Mrs. Mowbray, \^erendrye's housekeeper, comes out with her arms 
 full of pillows, and arranges them in the chair. Slowly Verendrye 
 approaches from the house, leaning upon the arm of his youngest 
 son, Charles. He is very feeble and stops now and then to rest. 
 Charles is carrying more books and papers. V'erendr3^e sinks down 
 wearily into his seat, while Charles and the housekeeper arrange the 
 cushions about him. V^erendrye speaks with indomitable hopefulness. 
 
 Verendrye : 
 Are there any letters or messages, Charles? 
 
 Charles: 
 
 He tries to conceal his anxiety and arranges the papers 
 so that Verendrye may reach them easily. 
 
 Oh, yes, father; a great many letters of congratulation for your 
 appointment to a captaincy; letters and messages from everywhere, 
 congratulating you upon being decorated Math the Cross of St. Louis. 
 
 Verendrye smiles as if he enjoyed hearing of this belated 
 recognition of his services, but he also tpaits eagerly for 
 some further word. Charles busies himself. 
 
 Verendrye: 
 Nothing else? 
 
 Charles: 
 A message from the doctor to say he would call this afternoon; a 
 man, also, to check over the supplies. 
 
A Pageant of the North-West 
 
 Verendrye: 
 
 A doctor! What do I need further of a doctor! Am I not pre- 
 paring to start upon a new expedition? One that will at last reach 
 the Western Sea? [He becomes excited, he sits erect in his chair 
 and gazes in front of him as if visualizing the successful expedition.] 
 And we will reach it, I am sure of it. But for our unexpected mis- 
 fortunes, we should have reached it before. Now that we have the 
 
 authority of the king and the recognition [He coughs. Charles 
 
 seeing that Verendrye is overexciiing himself by talking, offers him 
 some of the letters to read, but the old man pushes them axva^.] 
 
 Verendrye : 
 It is enough that you tell me what they say. It is enough to feel 
 that at last my motives are known to be true, and not mercenary, 
 that my patriotism was genuine, and not for personal ambition. [He 
 moves restlessl}) and coughs again.] But was there not other word 
 from Pierre and Henry? 
 
 Charles: 
 No. But no news must mean that they are nearly home. 
 
 Verendrye: 
 Oh, to have them here, to tell them the good news, to plan with them 
 this new expedition! [The doctor approaches. Charles greets him.] 
 
 Charles: 
 The doctor has come, father. 
 
 Verendrye: 
 
 He picks up a map from the table and appears deeply in- 
 terested. 
 
 Tell him Tm too busy to see him. 
 
The Third Part: Verendrye 
 
 The Doctor: 
 
 He taJ(es the map from his hand and places it on the table. 
 
 Nonsense, Captain! I'm not to be put off for a map! 
 
 Verendrye submits lisilessl]) to the doctor's examination 
 and questions. The doctor is verp serious. 
 At this moment, Pierre and Henry appear, having just 
 returned from their quest for the Western Sea. 
 
 Verendrye: 
 
 He is veri; much excited, and clings to their hands. 
 At last! At last! 
 
 They are greatly shocl^ed at their father s changed appear- 
 ance^ and at a warning gesture from the doctor, they try to 
 quiet him. 
 
 Verendrye: 
 
 Oh, the good news! The good news! The king has at last author- 
 ized me to search for the Western Sea. 
 
 Charles: 
 
 Angry at the Ti)ay France has treated his father, he breaks 
 in in disgust. 
 
 Yes, but at his own expense. 
 
 Verendrye: 
 
 Too much taken up "n^ith his plans to heed, he goes right 
 on. 
 
 The supplies are ready. I have mapped out the route. All is 
 prepared. 
 
 Pierre and Henry look at the doctor, who, standing behind 
 Verendrye's chair, shakes his head. 
 
A Pageant of the North-West 
 
 Verendrye: 
 
 Impatientl})^ 
 Tell us of your success. 
 
 Pierre: 
 
 He seats himself on the table b}) his father. 
 
 After leaving you, father, we travelled in a southwesterly direction 
 for two or three days. We came to a fort, and there found a band 
 of friendly Mandans, who urged us to remain with them. 
 
 Verendrye: 
 Eagerly, 
 How large a settlement? 
 
 Pierre: 
 
 Not very large, but some French towns would do well to take it 
 as a model; streets straight and orderly, and swept bare and clean. 
 We learned more of the westward flowing river we sought. It 
 flows there straight to the sea, southwest by west. * 
 
 Henry: 
 
 Excitedly^y 
 
 You see ! That is a sure route to the Western Sea ; all other rivers 
 or lakes we know of flow into Hudson Bay or the North Sea. 
 
 Verendrye: 
 Incredulously, 
 But does the river surely flow to the West? 
 
 Henry: 
 
 Yes, indeed! We have definite information on that point. It flows 
 rapidly, but has many shoals. And it is so muddy and sulphurous 
 
The Third Part: Verendrye 
 
 that the Indians cannot drink the water. And white men dwell on 
 the lower end of this river; they make cloth and linen, and war con- 
 tinually. 
 
 Verendrye: 
 
 He spea}(s exciiedl]), emphasizing Tvith his finger. 
 Those are undoubtedly the Spaniards! 
 
 Henry: 
 We thought so from the description. 
 
 Pierre: 
 
 We could gain no more information from them, though they were 
 anxious to help us. 
 
 Verendrye: 
 
 Strengthened h^ his excitement, he stands erect. 
 
 Great news ! My boy, what you have learned is of untold value ! 
 My sons, you are the discoverers of the river which will link the 
 Atlantic with the great Western Sea. 
 
 The effort is too much for him. He totters, and Charles 
 helps him to his chair. 
 
 Verendrye: 
 I'm all right, go on, Pierre. 
 
 Pierre: 
 
 With two Mandans for guides, we travelled through marvelous lands 
 where the earths were of different colors: blue, green, red or black, 
 yellow or white — bad lands. After twenty days we reached a vil- 
 lage of the Crows. 
 
A Pageant of the North-West 
 Henry: 
 
 Disgustedly, 
 Yes, and then those "trusty" guides deserted us. 
 
 Pierre: 
 
 Leaving there, we met a band of Bow Indians on the war path for 
 the Snakes. They were headed for the great Western Range, of 
 which we*d heard so much, so we joined them. Soon we saw those 
 marvelous mountains — great, high, rugged peaks of bright stones. 
 
 Henry: 
 
 Enthusiastically, 
 
 Oh, you should have seen them — their peaks covered with snow and 
 glistening in the sun. Thick forests of mammoth fir and pine cov- 
 ered the slopes. 
 
 Verendrye: 
 To have seen it! But I shall! I shall! 
 
 Pierre: 
 
 If only we could have reached their summit I feel sure we should 
 have seen the Great Sea stretching out before us. [ Verendrye 
 braces himself by his chair-arms, and leans forward straining to rvatch 
 Pierre. But those crazy Indians, seeing a deserted camp of their 
 deadly foe, the Snakes, turned tail and ran like so many scared 
 rabbits. 
 
 At this Verendrye collapses. The brave old voyageur 
 seems to foresee the doom that overshadows his life- 
 ambition. 
 
 Doctor : 
 Charles, you had better go for a priest. 
 
 Charles soes out. 
 
The Third Part: Verendrye 
 
 VeRENDRYE! 
 Reviving a little. 
 So near success, so near — but we will succeed yet. If I cannot, my 
 sons 
 
 Pierre: 
 
 Trying to quiet him. 
 Of course we shall, father. Don't overdo now — save yourself. 
 
 Verendrye: 
 
 Yes, yes, I must. I will [He tries in vain to unbutton his 
 
 coat evidently feeling for something.] My — my — cross — of — St. 
 Louis. [Henry takes the cross, gives it into his hands. Verendrye 
 holds it up D>ea^/p, and tries to speak, hut failing, presses it to 
 his lips. The priest and Charles enter. All stand about silently, 
 Tvatching him as he presses the medal to his heart. 
 
 Doctor : 
 
 It is time to go in now, Captain. 
 
 Verendrye: 
 
 He leans heavily for support. 
 
 This is nothing, I'm — I'm just a little [He forces himself 
 
 to stand erect almost unsupported. A light comes into his eyes; 
 and he turns to his sons] You shall yet, my sons, prove my un- 
 selfishness, my true ambition to discover the Western Sea for the 
 glory of the king and the welfare of France. 
 
 Gently the Doctor and Charles lead the broken man into 
 the house. Pierre and Henry start to follow, but the 
 priest halts them. The brothers turn toward each other 
 and, full of emotion, clasp hands. 
 
A Pageant of the North-West 
 
 Pierre: 
 
 Our father will lead no more expeditions, mon frere, but his great 
 spirit must live on. We, his sons, must carry out his ambition to 
 reach the Western Sea — for the glory of the king and the welfare 
 of France. 
 
 Henry: 
 For the glory of the king and the welfare of France. 
 
 The priest leads the n?a\j after Verendrye into the house. 
 
E^mts nnh Olkrk 
 
 ' ' What Lewis and Clark, i^i^^ open is a world 
 upon which nature has lavished her bounties. The 
 present fruition is scarcely calculable; the hope for 
 the future is boundless. " 
 
 — Hosmer. 
 
THE SONG OF THE BIRD WOMAN 
 
 To be chanted 6p the SPIRIT OF PROPHECY and the 
 
 Attending Spirits 
 
 I. 
 
 Sleep, sleep, little Indian maiden. 
 Sleep, sleep, for the breeze is laden 
 With the perfume of the pine, 
 With the perfume of the pine. 
 
 Sleep, sleep, for the sun is sinking. 
 Sleep, sleep, for the stars are blinking 
 On the leaves and on the vine. 
 On the leaves and on the vine. 
 
 II. 
 
 Watch, watch, steaith3^ silent savage. 
 Watch, M^atch, lest the dread foe ravage, 
 Lest the enemy draw nigh; 
 Lest the enemy draw nigh. 
 
 Watch, watch, for the pine is moaning. 
 Watch, watch, for the trees are groaning. 
 And the winds give forth a sigh; 
 And the winds give forth a sigh. 
 
 III. 
 
 Wake, wake, for the lodge is burning. 
 Wake, wake, for the blaze is turning 
 All the black night into day. 
 All the black night into day. 
 
 Wake, wake, 'tis the wounded crying. 
 Wake, wake, 'tis thy mother dying. 
 For the foe have won the fray; 
 F or the foe have won the fray. 
 
IV. 
 
 Toil, toil, for thy lot is slavery, 
 Toil, toil, bear thy fate with bravery, 
 For release is drawling nigh; 
 For release is drawing nigh. 
 
 Toil, toil, guide the white men thither. 
 Toil, toil, till thou reach the river. 
 Till thou reach the Western Sea; 
 Till thou reach the Western Sea. 
 
 V. 
 
 Sleep, sleep, gentle mother, slumber; 
 Sleep, sleep, with the countless number; 
 We will not forget thy name; 
 We will not forget thy name. 
 
 Sleep, sleep, where the pine is sighing, 
 Sleep, sleep, where the winds are dying. 
 Where the brook sings of thy fame; 
 Where the brook sings of thy fame. 
 
®tjp 3Po«rtlj Part: IGpmta unh Clark 
 
 The Lewis and Clark Expedition. 1804-06. 
 
 Scene: Fort Mandan on the Missouri, near the site of Stanton^ 
 
 North Dakota. 
 
 An Indian harvest celebration. It is just after the corn gather- 
 ing, and the Mandans have been plentifully blessed by the Great 
 Spirit. As a sign of Thanksgiving, they are having one of their 
 ancient ceremonial dances. But beyond the mere festal atmosphere 
 there is an added note of excitement prevalent, for on the preceding 
 day a strange company of white men had arrived — none other 
 than the members of the famous Lewis and Clark expedition, which 
 had proceeded thus far on its memorable journey. Their com- 
 ing is a great event in the history of the village, and members 
 of other tribes have been summoned to appear at a grand council 
 which is to be held in honor of Lewis and Clark. During the fes- 
 tivities horsemen are descried in the distance, who, on nearer approach, 
 prove to be chiefs of various tribes. On their arrival they are 
 welcomed by Sheheke and Black Cat, sachems of the Mandans. 
 An Indian lad is bidden to inform Lewis and Clark of the guests' 
 arrival. All is now in readiness for the grand council, which is an- 
 nounced by the shot of a gun. The entire company then proceed 
 to the shelter of boughs which has been prepared for the assembly. 
 The women at their corn-grinding and the children playing in the 
 streets cease their activities to gaze in awe and admiration on the 
 dignified Lewis and Clark and their attending sergeants and privates. 
 
 When all have arrived, they seat themselves in a semi-circle 
 around a pile of gifts, beads, bright blankets, utensils, etc., placed 
 there by the white men. Those present are Captains Lewis and 
 Clark, occupying the chief positions, Sheheke and Black Cat, sachems 
 of the Mandans; Black Moccasin, chief of the Minnetaree; Chief 
 
A Pageant of the North-West 
 
 Lighting Crow of the Aricara ; Eagle's Feather, Little Raven, and 
 Black Buffalo, lesser Indian sagamores; John Ordway, Nathaniel 
 Pryor, and Patrick Gass, sergeants; John Colter, Robert Frazler, 
 Rueben Field, Hugh Hall, and Richard Windsor, privates; Char- 
 bonneau and Jessuame, interpreters. The pipe of peace is solemnly 
 extended by Sheheke, the Mandan, to Lewis and Clark, who smoke 
 it, and pass it on to the other members of the company. In due 
 time Captain Lewis rises to speak. 
 
 Captain Lewis: 
 
 We have come to you from the Great Father, many miles to the 
 East. Reports came to him of your fine villages, of your many 
 people, of your bravery, and of your great stores of corn and tobac- 
 co. The Great Father wanted to know more of you; so he 
 planned this expedition and supplied us with guns, hatchets, beads, 
 and knives. These we will give you if you will be his friends and 
 help him in what he wants to do. We want to find the best route 
 from here to the Great Water on the West, that we may trade 
 with you and with other nations. (Interpreter.) 
 This spring we set out from the mouth of the Missouri. On our way 
 we have made friends with the Pawnees, the Mohas, the Missouris, 
 
 and Ottoes, and many other tribes. As the days grew shorter and 
 the leaves began to fall, v/e knew that winter was coming and we 
 made haste to reach your villages. We will help you make friends 
 with your most dreaded enemies, the Sioux. You can all live as 
 children of one father in this rich and beautiful river country, and 
 be at peace through all the years. With your permission we will 
 make our winter camp here, and stay until the ice breaks, and spring 
 comes. (Interpreter.) 
 
 Black Cat: 
 
 I see the two sons of my Great Father. [Gestures to'n>ard them.] 
 We are glad to welcome you to our villages and to help you in 
 
The Fourth Part: Lewis and Clark 
 
 any way we can. It will give us great joy if you will remain with 
 us till the ice goes down the river in the spring. We are tired of 
 warfare with the Sioux; if you will stay with us and help us, we 
 will make peace with them and with all our neighbors. (Iniefpreier.) 
 
 Captain Clarjc: 
 Rising. 
 We are glad that the Great Father sent us to you. We will smoke 
 
 with you as friends and brothers, and eat with you in your lodges. 
 
 We know that many tribes come to you for corn and tobacco. You 
 
 have been trading your furs and hides to the north ; now you must 
 
 send them south to us. (Interpreter.) 
 
 At this point Laroche and Henderson of the Northwest 
 Compan}) enter on horseback and McCracken and Hane"^ 
 of the Hudson s Bay Company, by canoes, accompanied 
 by an Indian guide. 
 
 We need the guides to help us cross the mountains. When we come 
 back the Great Father would like some of you to go to Washington 
 with us. There you will see that our people are more numerous 
 than the blades of grass on the prairie. Be sure that some one is 
 ready to go back with us when we return. (Interpreter.) 
 
 Black Moccasin, the Minnetaree: 
 
 Your friendly words are grateful to the Minnetaree. We much ad- 
 mire the sons of the Great Father. We think them very wise and 
 brave. W^e wish to help them all we can. If they will trade with 
 us, it will make our hearts glad for we need their guns and knives. 
 (Interpreter.) 
 
 Captain Lewis: 
 
 To the traders. 
 
 We see that a number of our neighbors of the Northwest Company 
 
 and the Hudson's Bay Company, are present. We hear that you 
 
 have circulated unfavorable reports concerning us among the Indians; 
 
A Pageant of the North-West 
 
 also that you have distributed British flags and medals among the 
 tribes. We wish to preserve friendly relations with you as far as 
 possible, and should like to hear what you have to say^ 
 
 McCracken, of the Hudson's Bay Company: 
 We did not know that such false stories were being circulated. We 
 came here because no one else was here, and the Indians needed 
 supplies. We don't wish to compete with the United States Govern- 
 ment, and we shall be glad to withdraw from their territory. 
 
 Laroche, of the Northwest Company: 
 
 The Northwest Company has traded in this territory because the 
 Indians invited us and because the Hudson's Bay Company was in 
 the field. We did not know the exact boundary of Louisiana, nor 
 did we know that we were infringing on United States territory. 
 
 At the conclusion of the trader's remarks a gun shot announces 
 the end of the formal council. The gifts, which have long been 
 the center of interest, are now distributed. United States flags, and 
 medals bearing the image of Thomas Jefferson, are given to all; 
 fire-arms, knives, blankets, hatchets, beads, and shirts are also re- 
 ceived with delight by the Indians. As a mark of special esteem, 
 an iron corn mill is presented to Black Cat, the Mandan, who, in 
 turn, makes a gift of a handsome bow and arrow to Captain Lewis. 
 Grunts of satisfaction are continually heard from the Indians. 
 Sheheke is very desirous of going to Washington, and informs Levvis 
 that on the expedition's return he will do so. 
 
 At the request of Black Moccasin, York, the negro servant 
 of Clark, is summoned. All the way from Clark's tent to the shelter 
 he is attended by an admiring crowd of Mandan women and chil- 
 dren, who have never seen so strange and handsome a creature. 
 On reaching the assembly the chiefs and warriors also crowd around 
 him, marveling at his rich, dark coloring and even wetting the tips 
 of their fingers and rubbing them on his face to see if the color will 
 come off. 
 
The Fourth Part: Lewis and Clark 
 
 When the novelty of the negro's appearance has somewhat di- 
 minished, McCracken, the trader, with much spirit, dances the Scotch 
 sword dance for the amusement of the Indians. Mr. Jessuame educes 
 a lively musical accompaniment from the fiddle, which he has brought 
 with him on the expedition. The whole performance seems quite 
 marvelous to the native audience, and there are many grunts of won- 
 der and appreciation. 
 
 Charbonneau is now seen in conference with the traders. His 
 wife, Sakakawea, has entered the shelter, and stands watching him 
 intently. She knows full well how unscrupulous he is, and evidently 
 fears that some doubtful bargain is being driven. Her fears seem 
 to be well grounded, for presently he goes over to Lewis and Clark. 
 
 Charbonneau: 
 You go too far for me — one pretty long journey — lots of work — 
 maybe we get killed — maybe freeze. I not go with you unless I 
 come back when I want to. 
 
 Captain Clark: 
 With disgust and indifference. 
 When we hired you, you understood the terms. We offered you 
 $500 to go with us as interpreter. If you don't want the money 
 there are plenty who do. We'll get some one else. 
 
 Charbonneau goes off in wounded pride to Sa^akarvea. 
 When she hears of his proposal to leave the expedition^ 
 she berates him soundly as only an Indian ivoman can. 
 After a severe scolding she succeeds in making him prom- 
 ise to go Tpith Lewis and Clark- ^^ ^hen returns to them. 
 
 Charbonneau: 
 I think now I go with you. I good interpreter and need the money. 
 
 Captain Lewis: 
 Very well, then, we engage you again as interpreter. See that you 
 behave yourself. 
 
A Pageant of the North-West 
 
 Sakakawea f(non>s thai she rvill accompany her husband 
 and that the expedition must pass through the country 
 of the Shoshones, her native tribe, on their Ti>ay to the 
 Pacific. Overjoyed at the prospect of thus returning to 
 the home of her childhood, she gives words to her feelings^ 
 crooning softly to her child. 
 
 SAKAKAWEA'S CHANT 
 (In Hidatsa.) 
 
 Hi-di a-du-ma-kuats, ma-ta a-wa-ha-mi se-ta, 
 A-wa-ha-ku-pi o-da-ka-pa-ki it-o-da-ku-ta, 
 To-du mi-i-a-wa-tu-hets a-wa-a-du-si-pi-kua, 
 Ma-tu-as it-a-wa-ma-kuk dok-te-o-du-sak se-ta. 
 
 Ti-a hi-do-o a-wa-a-du-tsi-di-a-kua wa-wa-kuts 
 Ma-da-ta tsa-ki-tats, ma-de-hi-ka-ti wa-dets. 
 Tsa-ka-ka mi-a-wi-kuts-duk mi-hi-se a-was-kets. 
 Pa-tsi-ta-ta hu-tsi a-de se-ta ki-de ma-i-hets. 
 
 A-wa-ha-wi it-o-ki-du a-wa-ma-ku a-ma-hu-se 
 Ma-tsi o hi-do-o a-ku-ki-e-de-tsi. 
 So-so-ni, doh-pa-ka Ma-ho-pa a-ku-ki-de-sits 
 I-ta-wa a-de se-ki-ta mak-ma-kua-mits.* 
 
 The call of the Herald's trumpet is ansTvered by the stately 
 Spirit of Prophecy who chants the Epilogue. 
 
 *Now I shall gro home agrain, home to my mountains, 
 Home to the plains of the fair Seiro lily, 
 Home to the forests and tepees of childhood, 
 Home to the hills and cliff-graves of my Fathers. 
 
 The years have been bleak in this cold prairie country, 
 My heart has grrown restless, my feet have grown weary; 
 As birds fain would fly from the southland in spring-time, 
 I've yearned for my home when the soft Chinook called me. 
 
 Across the grreat Tetons and Wind River Ranges, 
 Through canyons and passes, these brave men will travel, 
 Till I lead them at last to the warm sheltered valleys. 
 Where dwell the Shoshone, loved by the Great Spirit. 
 
The Spirit of Prophecy: 
 
 In me, I beg of you, revere the prophet. 
 
 And listen to my words with ears attentive; 
 
 For clearly as the Seer saw New Jerusalem 
 
 Descending from the clouds, I too, see visions. 
 
 This barren waste, this mighty wilderness. 
 
 Which steretches on and on from sea to sea. 
 
 Shall be the dwelling place of multitudes; 
 
 A people, mighty in strength shall till the soil. 
 
 And cause the desert and the swamp to bear. 
 
 Cities shall rise where scattered wigwams stood. 
 
 And merchants, plying their trade from place to place, 
 
 Shall bind the distant city to the near. 
 
 Strangers from every land shall come to make 
 
 Their homes among you. The oppressed, the weary, 
 
 Shall find new life, joy, contentment, peace. 
 
 But before that day, battles shall rage. 
 
 And brothers by their brothers shall be slain; 
 
 The bond that binds you tested for its strength. 
 
 The firmness of your union tried with fire. 
 
 But when the conflict ceases, when the slave 
 
 Is loosed, behold your nation shall emerge 
 
 From out the smoke of battle glorified. 
 
 The cloud of war which overspread the sun 
 
 Shall pass, and in the bright new day, he 
 
 Who but lately fought, shall guide the plow again. 
 
 Now mark me well — he who survives till this 
 
 Shall feel within his soul new spirit born; 
 
 And he who lately builded freedom's fire 
 
Shall be the champion of democracy. 
 The time of war and blood shall be no more; 
 The time of hate and murder be forgot. 
 In arts of peace, the wise men shall instruct. 
 And he who once was reckoned rich and proud 
 Shall then brush elbows with the humble poor. 
 This duty do I leave you, gentle friends, 
 This duty deep and mighty at our parting. 
 To scatter love where naught but hate is growing; 
 To scatter peace where war's red blaze is glowing; 
 To raise your hearts above the wrongs of strife; 
 To lift your souls above the woes of life; 
 To serve, though what you do be unrepaid ; 
 To face tomorrow trustful, unafraid. 
 
 The Pageant is concluded b^ a Grand Parade of all the characters, 
 the hand plaving **The Star-Spangled Banner y* the audience rising 
 to sing. 
 
PROFESSOR FREDERICK H. KOCH 
 Founder and Director of the Sock and Buskin Society 
 
®lj? Batk nnh luaktn ^nrtftg 
 
 By William Whitford 
 
 "To study the literature of the drama; to promote the art of 
 the theatre, by the discussion of good plays ; to stimulate and develop 
 higher ideals for the drama in America; and to initiate a movement 
 for establishing, as soon as practicable, a University theatre in the 
 University of North Dakota," is the high aim of the Sock and Buskin 
 Society. At the invitation of Professor Frederick H. Koch of the 
 Department of English, a number of congenial spirits, representative 
 of the faculty and student body, met on January 3, 1 9 1 0, to perfect 
 the organization of the Sock and Buskin Society of the University of 
 North Dakota. Two v^^eeks later the first meeting of the society was 
 held at the President's-House-on-the-Campus. The paper of the 
 evening, "The Theatre: Its Origin and End," was presented by Pro- 
 fessor Koch. 
 
 As first organized the society was composed of thirty active mem- 
 bers, fifteen from the faculty and fifteen from the student body; but 
 owing to the unusual interest shown the membership was later in- 
 creased to forty. In order to become a member of the society the can- 
 didate must pass one of two tests — he must either write an acceptable 
 piece of dramatic criticism or he must present, to the satisfaction of the 
 membership committee, a scene from dramatic literature. In this 
 way two types of members are secured — first, those of critical 
 ability and second, those of histrionic talent. The success of the 
 society, both in its private and public performances, is due to the 
 co-operation of its two kinds of members. In addition to active 
 membership, the society has an honorary membership, composed of 
 certain of its distinguished visitors, among them Mr. William Faver- 
 sham, the distinguished Shakespearean actor-manager; Mr. Henry 
 Lawrence Southwick, President of the Emerson College of Oratory 
 of Boston; and Miss Marguerite Curtis, dramatic critic of the Lon- 
 don Daily Telegraph. 
 
The Sock and Buskin Society 
 
 The society is at present studying the development of the mod- 
 ern drama. The program of each meeting is composed of a critical 
 review of a particular playwright and the presentation of represen- 
 tative scenes from his works. For instance, when the work of 
 Charles Rann Kennedy was studied, with the critical essay was 
 given a performance of "The Terrible Meek," together with scenes 
 from "The Winter Feast" and "The Necessary Evil." To this 
 combination of exposition and illustration in all the programs, the 
 rapid progress of the society has been due. 
 
 A custom established this year is the Twelfth Night Revels, 
 held on the twelfth night after Christmas. The spirit of the occa- 
 sion is well kept in the original pantomimes, dialogues and ballads 
 given by the members. 
 
 All meetings of the society are open to visitors. Besides, each 
 year a performance of some significant play is offered the public. 
 The first of these performances was Shakespeare's delightful comedy, 
 "Twelfth Night," presented on June 3, 1910, during commence- 
 ment week. The play was staged upon the University Campus, 
 under ideal weather conditions, before an audience of six hundred 
 people. Aside from the splendid acting, the production was un- 
 usually significant because of the fact that it was the first open-air 
 performance of its kind ever given at the University or in the State of 
 North Dakota. 
 
 The second public performance was a revival of the impressive 
 Morality Play, "Everyman," unique m its presentation because of 
 the cathedral scene, especially designed by one of the members of 
 the society. Professor Koch in the title role gave a delineation of 
 the character declared by many who had heard both, comparable 
 and in many ways, superior to the Ben Greet interpretation. The 
 third play, produced by the society in 1912 was "Nathan Hale," 
 a patriotic drama by Clyde Fitch. The play was offered because 
 
The Sock and Buskin Society 
 
 of its historical interest, and because it was written by an American 
 dramatist. Due consideration was paid to the one-act movement 
 in the drama, when in 1913, the society placed before the public 
 three Irish plays. The plays chosen for the production were Lady 
 Gregory's comedy, "Spreading the News," William Butler Yeats* 
 poetic morality play, "The Hour Glass," and John M. Synge's 
 poignant tragedy of the fisher- folk of the Aran Islands, "Riders to 
 the Sea." This year the society gave as its annual public per- 
 formance Henrik Ibsen's significant social drama, "Little Eyolf." 
 The success of this ambitious effort was a notable achievement 
 
 While the society has been engaged in the criticism and pre- 
 sentation of plays, it has been accumulating a considerable library 
 of modern dramatic literature. It has allied itself with the Drama 
 League of America, the most active organization at the present 
 time, working for the uplift of the drama. The director of the 
 society. Professor Koch, besides being *he state representative of the 
 League is one of its national propaganda speakers. 
 
 In the composition and presentation of "A Pageant of the 
 North- West," the society has undertaken a piece of work which 
 at first seemed almost impossible. It was only through the en- 
 thusiastic cooperation of eighteen members of the society, directed by 
 Professor Koch and aided by Professor Libby, that a pageant was 
 possible. The pageant was written in four parts, — each part 
 by a group of four undergraduate students. The Prologue, 
 the Epilogue, and the Interlude were written by Mr. Cecil A. 
 McKay; the music was composed by Miss Margaret Plank. This 
 communal method of composition is probably without a precedent in 
 the history of pageant literature. It is distinctly a social method of 
 production, and it is altogether fitting that its presenation should 
 serve as the dedication of The Bankside Theatre, on the banks of 
 the English Coulee at the University. 
 
 The Sock and Buskin Society is thus, in a sense, a laboratory of 
 dramatic literature. Through the enacting of representative plays, 
 by critical analyses, and reviews, and by constructive practice in 
 play making, the society is helping to prepare the way for a New 
 American Drama. 
 
2II|f ^atk nnb lluskitt ^omt^ 
 
 Active Members 
 
 Alexander, Helen. 
 Anderson, Cuyler. 
 Bacon, Hume. 
 Balch, Flora. 
 Bek, William 
 Benson, George. 
 Bowman, Anne. 
 Brush, Henry. 
 
 Chase, Majel. 
 Cook. Morrill. 
 Duggan, Louise. 
 Gallup, Florence. 
 Gronna, Amy. 
 Halcrovv, Ethel. 
 Hansen, Clifiord. 
 Hanson, Mabel. 
 Hedrick, Blanche. 
 Hixon, Catherine. 
 Huston, Howard. 
 
 Johnston, Wesley. 
 
 Kelsey, Vera. 
 Koch. Frederick. 
 Koch, Mrs. Frederick. 
 Kolars, Margaret. 
 Koucky, Joseph. 
 
 Larson, Randall. 
 Leine, Inga. 
 
 Londergan, Johanna. 
 Lord, Vine. 
 
 McKay, Cecil. 
 Murphy, Eva. 
 
 O'Keefe, Genevieve. 
 
 Poupore, Anne. 
 Plank, Margaret. 
 
 Rohde, Else. 
 Rutherford, Merle. 
 
 Schlosser, Walter. 
 Schwam, Harry. 
 Serumgard, Inez. 
 Severson, Emma. 
 Shaft, Arthur. 
 South, Harry. 
 Stomner, Alvin. 
 
 Taylor, John Adams. 
 Talcott, Porter. 
 
 Webster, Horace. 
 Whelan, Thomas. 
 Whitford, William. 
 Williams, Inis. 
 Wolff, Herman. 
 Wright, Avice. 
 
Graduate Members 
 
 Acker, Iver. 
 Anderson, Maxwell. 
 
 Bacon, William 
 Barrington, Elgie. 
 Batten, Annabel. 
 Boyson, Christine. 
 Brekke, Frank 
 Budge, Jessie. 
 
 Chase, Russell. 
 Covert, Emily. 
 Craig, Raymond. 
 Crary, Burton. 
 Cunningham, Gertrude, 
 
 Dickson, Allie. 
 Dresser, William. 
 
 Egelhoff, Clarence. 
 
 Fisher, Lawrence. 
 Flynn, Ellen. 
 Fritz, Chester. 
 
 Halvorson, Orpheus, 
 Haskett, Margaret. 
 Helmer, Beatrice. 
 Helmer, Myrtle. 
 Hickman, Emma. 
 Hofto, Jacob. 
 Houghton, Theodosia. 
 Howland, Garth. 
 
 Irwin, Temple. 
 
 Jacobi, Geraldine. 
 Jacobstein, Meyer. 
 Jacobstein, Mrs. Meyer. 
 
 Kamplin, Rheinhart. 
 
 Kaufman, Ethel. 
 Kennedy, James. 
 Kneeshaw, Pauline. 
 Kneeshaw, Stanley. 
 Kolars, Alice. 
 
 LeDaum, Henri. 
 Linwell, Delia. 
 Londergan, Edith. 
 
 Mcllraith, Annie. 
 Major, Maude. 
 Meacham, Genevieve. 
 
 Netcher, Arthur. 
 
 Oeschger, Gretchen. 
 
 Page, Hollis. 
 Peterson, Lola. 
 Plank, Lawrence. 
 
 Quirke, Terence. 
 
 Ruud, Martin. 
 
 Slyfield, Frederick. 
 Slyfield, Mrs. Frederick. 
 Steinbar, Minnie. 
 
 Thompson, Roy. 
 Torgerson, William. 
 Turner, Echo. 
 Tweto, Alma. 
 Trotter, Winnifred. 
 Turner, Genevieve. 
 
 Veitch, Bernice. 
 
 Werner, Ruth. 
 Williams, Florence. 
 Wolff, Clarence. 
 
Honorary Members 
 
 Baker, George Pierce, Professor of Dramatic Literature, Harvard 
 University. 
 
 Burton, Richard, Professor of English Literature, University of 
 Minnesota. 
 
 Collier, Constance, Shakespearean Actress, London, Engalnd. 
 
 Curtis, Marguerite, Dramatic Critic, London, England. 
 
 Durand, Ada, Librarian, Grand Forks. 
 
 Faversham, William, Shakespearean Actor-manager, New York. 
 
 Fulton, Ella Louise, Department of English, University of North 
 Dakota. 
 
 Gillette, John Morris, Department of Sociology, University of North 
 Dakota. 
 
 Hult, Gottfried, Department of Greek, University of North Dakota. 
 
 Kennedy. Joseph, Dean of the School of Education, University of 
 North Dakota. 
 
 Kingsbury, Nella, Department of Expression, Wesley College, Uni- 
 versity of North Dakota. 
 
 Libby, Orin Grant, Department of History, University of North 
 Dakota. 
 
 McVey, Frank LeRond, President of the University of North 
 Dakota. 
 
 McVey, Mrs. Frank LeRond, University of North Dakota. 
 
 Myers, Gus, Manager of the Metropolitan Opera House, Grand 
 Forks. 
 
 Myrben, Mrs. Christine Nielson, Actress, New York. 
 
 Norton, William Wellington, Department of Music, University of 
 North Dakota. 
 
 Southwick, Henry Lawrence, President of Emerson College of Ora- 
 tory, Boston. 
 
 Squires, Vernon Purinton, Dean of the College of Liberal Arts, 
 University of North Dakota. 
 
 Sumner, Clarence Wesley, Librarian, University of North Dakota. 
 
The First Out-of-door Stage at the University of North Dakota. 
 "Twelfth Night" 1910. 
 
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 Sir Toby Belch 
 
 Kavmond Craig 
 
 Echo Turner 
 
 Lawrence Fisher 
 
EVERYMAN 
 
 Everyman 
 Good Deeds 
 
 1911 
 
 Professor F. H. Koch 
 Myrtle Helmet 
 
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