.088 1 r^U/^ Copy 1 j LH |;7oo,ooo,ooo. In October, 1903, I prepared a second statement, extending the figures by estimate to December 31, 1903, in which it was proved that the cost of war and warfare to that date would be over $900,000,000. The estimates used in that treatise have been more than justified liy the official statements of the Secretary of the Treasury in his computations of the expenditures to June 30, 1904, by which it appears that the average, per head, of the present j'ear will be $6.29. It also ajjpears that the estimates presented by the Departments for the fiscal }-ear ending June 30, 1905, if not exceeded, will be $6.76. The actual difference between the normal rate previous to the Spanish war and the average of $6.58 for seven years of active and passive war and warfare would be, per head, $1.58. But during the eight years of Harrison and Cle\eland the cost of pensions and interest was, per head, $2.50. In the fiscal year ending June 30, 1903, pensions and interest were less, per head, than $2.00. I-^eduction, 50 cents. Both charges are now rapidly diminishing and tlie normal cost of government, without war and wartare, in 1903 and 1904, estimated at $6.29, would not have exceeded $4.29 on a basis of peace, order, industry, and good government, economically administered. The cost of passive war and warfare is now over two dollars per head now heing assessed on nearly 82,000,000 people, or over $160,000,000. On the 30th of June, 1904, the cost of war and warfare, active and passive, will have been $1000,000,000, and even if the appropriations for the year 1905 are not exceeded at the end of that fiscal year it will have been nearly $1200,000,000. We mav take off $100,000,000 for expenditures now being made of a useful purpose which were not made before the Spanish war, such as Irrigation, National Parks, the expansion of the Department of Agriculture, and the possibility that the Consular Service may be re-organized, with suitable compensation to competent men. At the lowest and most conservative estimates it is there- fore proved that we have alread}' spent on the Spanish war, as computed ..... On criminal aggression and passive warfare in the Philippine Islands ..... Total ..... And that before June 30, 1904, the total will stand at not less than $1000,000,000. It is also proved that unless the spirit of aggressive militarism can be stopped — which now costs two dollars ($2) perhead — it will be over two dollars and a half ($2.50) in the fiscal j'ear ending June 30, 1905, with a constant tendency to increase as time goes on. In order to fix the relative increase in these charges, we may compare the different departments under the administration of President Harrison and those of the last fiscal year under President Roosevelt. Civil Service and Indians War . $300,000,000 600,000,000 $900,000,000 Navy . Interest Pensions Average HARRISON. ROOSEVELT Per Head. Per Head. $1.66 $1.72 .76 1.47 .42 1.02 .48 •35 2.04 1-73 $5.36 $6.29 We may next compare the average in President Cleveland's first term with the expenditures of the present fiscal year ending June 30, 1904. Civil .Service and Indians War . Navy . Interest Pensions Average At the interest and pension rates of 1904 deduct from the Cleveland figures Average Difference wasted $4.22 ROOSEVELT. Per Head. $1-73 1.40 1. 17 .29 $2.07 8 The average expenditures of 1903 and 1904 have been $6.29. The estimates for 1905 come to $6.76. Had these expenditures and estimates been free of the cost of continued aggression in the Philippine Ishinds, of the proposed defensive works in the harbors of the Pacific, and the waste upon battle-sliips and other killing instruments which form a necessary part of the pplic}^ of imperialism and oversea-expansion, the entire cost of the Civil, Military, and Naval Establish- ments, Interest, Pensions, Irrigation, Forest Reservations, and support to Agricultural Science could not exceed $4.30 in the present fiscal year, and might even be less in the next. At ever}- point and by every method that these accounts can be analyzed and fairly stated it is proved that the cost of war and warfare has been, is, and will be over two dollars ($2) per head on a population now about 82,000,000 and rapidly increasing. The taxpa3-ers of the United States are now paying the penalty for the feeble administration that brought us into this condition and the forcible, feeble administration that as yet fails to get us out, at this rate of two dollars ($2) per head, or ten dollars ($10) per family, or over $160,000,000 per year, lending to increase If it is assumed that the liberation of Cuba from oppression could not have been brought about without the Spanish war, commonly computed at $300,000,000, then the following estimates may be modified. If the Spanish war is proved not to have been necessary, then it is proved that with this waste of six years of war and criminal aggression, $1000,000,000, the whole bonded debt of the United States might have been paid, with a large premium for the purchase of bonds not vet matured. It may be estimated that, had this money been spent for any useful purpose, many measures now contemplated might have been partially or wholly carried out. Had we expended in the seven years $200,000,000 on the improvement of rivers and harbors, how much more would remain to be done? Had we expended $200,000,000 on the irrigation of arid lands, how much would remain unproductive? Had we made up to the Southern States, for purposes of common education, a stun a little more than equal to that which the Western States have derived from the public lands which Soutiiern States surrendered to the Nation, which sum is about $65,000,000, b}' assigning aid to them of $100,000,000, what would be their present condition in the abatement of illiteracy? Had we appropriated only so much money as may be necessary to construct cruisers for the protection of commerce, such cruisers being necessary so long as predator}- nations threaten it, might we not have saved $100,000,000? What could we have done with the other $400,000,000, which we shall have worse than wasted before the end of the present year, except to have remitted useless and oppressive, obstructive taxes? Or if the war with Spain is deemed one tliat could not have lieen avoided, of which tlie common estimate of cost is $300,000,000, should we not still have had a surplus of ,$100,000,000 to be applied to the reduction of taxadon? When the cost of our national government is again reduced to tlie average of twenty vears before the Spanish war — of five dollars ($5) per head, less at least one dollar ($1 ) per head, or to four dollars ($4), for falling in of pensions and interest, as it soon mav be when the waste of militarism is stopped — what nation can compete with us in the producti\'e ]->ursuits of peace or in the expansion of our commerce with the world? If such are the proved conditions, then what does it cost each State or Territory at two dollars ($2) per head on the population of the census year 1900, plus two dollars ($2) per head on the subsequent increase — the actual cost being more and increasing? The following table will show, the computation being made in round thousands, disregarding fractions, at the average rate of two dollars ($2), it being remarked that the richer States pay more, the poorer States less, because these indirect taxes fall wholly on consumers in proportion to their consumption. Every family pays its proportion of tliis tax, which is imposed on beer, tobacco, spirits, fuel, timber, steel, iron, and other metals, clothing, leather, cordwood, sugar, salt, fish, potatoes, and every other article of necessity, comfort, or luxur}^ that is now subjected to a tax or duty. Indirect taxes are tolerated because those who pay them are not conscious of the burden- They are the resort of rulers who dare not expose their purposes. The proportion by States and Territories on the census of 1900 is as follows : — * I New York 7,300,000 $14,600,000 2 Pennsylvania 6,300,000 1 2,600,000 3 Illinois 4,800,000 9,600,000 4 Ohio 4,200,000 8,400,000 5 Missouri 3,100,000 6,200,000 6 Texas . 3,000,000 6,000,000 7 Massachusetts 2,800,000 5,600,000 8 Indiana . 2,500,000 5,000,000 9 Michigan 2,400,000 4,800,000 10 Kentucky 2,200,000 4,400,000 II Georgia 2,200,000 4,400,000 12 Iowa 2,200,000 ■ 4,400,000 13 Wisconsin 2,100,000 4,200,000 14 Tennessee 2,000,000 4,000,000 15 North Carolina 1,900,000 3,800,000 16 Virginia 1,900,000 3,800,000 17 New Jerse}- 1,900,000 3,800,000 18 Alabama 1,800,000 3,600,000 19 Minnesota 1,800,000 3,600,000 20 Mississippi 1,600,000 3,200,000 21 California 1,500,000 3,000,000 22 Kansas . 1,500,000 3,000,000 23 South Carolina 1,400,000 2,800,000 24 Louisiana 1,400,000 2,800,000 25 Arkansas 1,300,000 2,600,000 26 Maryland 1,200,000 2,400,000 27 Nebraska 1,100,000 2,200,000 28 West Virginia 1,000,000 2,000,000 29 Connecticut 900,000 1,800,000 30 Maine 700,000 1,400,000 31 Washington 500,000 1 ,000,000 Carried forward 70,500,000 $141,000,000 * Increase about seven per cent, on each State to bring the figures to the present population. Brought forzvard . 70,500,000 $141,000,000 3^ Florida . 500,000 1,000,000 33 Colorado 500,000 1,000,000 34 New Hampshire 400,000 800,000 35 Oregon . . . . 400,000 800,000 36 Rhode Island 400,000 800,000 37 Oklahoma 400,000 800,000 38 Indian Territory 400,000 800.000 39 Vermont 350,000 700,000 40 North Dakota 300,000 600,000 41 Utah 300,000 600,000 42 Montana 250,000 500.000 43 Delaware 200,000 400.000 44 Idaho 150,000 300,000 45 Wyoming 100,000 200,000 46 Nevada . . . . 50,000 100,000 75,200,000 $150,400,000 Taxes Free In 1900 1,100,000 2,200,000 76,300,000 $152,600,000 In 1904 82,000,000 $ 1 64,000,000 The increase in population from 1900 to 1904 would be 7 per cent, average, or from i per cent, in States from which emigrants pass, to 50 per cent, in Oklahoma, to which they come. Now, if the tax gatherer went to the door of every house or to the dwelling place of every person, demanding two dollars per head in cash or ten dollars from each average family, how long would this waste of warfare and militarism last? If this tax of two dollars per head, or over $160,000,000 a year, were assessed directly upon the States according to law, to be collected mainly by a direct tax on property, or by a poll tax, how soon would it be abated? Before a single Congressional term had ended would not this waste be stopped, or every member who refused to stop it be relegated to a position where he could abuse a public trust no more ? With these questions, soon to be answered at the polls, I submit these computations to an anxious public, now constantly seeking for solution, and to sagacious politicians who are trying to save the Nation from further dishonor and reckless waste on oversea-expansion and imperialism. Respectfully submitted, EDWARD ATKINSON. Boston, Mass., January 23, 1904. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 013 903 972 5 HolHnger pH8.5 Mill Run F3-1957