LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. Chap* Copyright ^\>. SheliLM-^.^ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. TOPICS AND REFERENCES American History WITH NUMEROUS SEARCH QUESTIONS /. BY OKOROE A. \Villiam:s, Ph.D. INSTRUCTOR IN BROWN UNIVERSITY REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION K % ,«1'' SYRACUSE, K. T. C. W. BARDEEN, PUBLISHER 1897 Copyright, 1886, 1897, by C. W. Bardeen i<' INTRODUCTION The preparation of a new edition of this book gives opportunity for thorough revision and expan- sion. Ten years ago it was a pioneer in its field. During the intervening time there has been aroused a new interest in American history, due, in part, to the completion of the first century under the Con- stitution, and to the rounding out of four centuries since the coming of Columbus. The topical method with much supplementary reading is recognized as the best by progressive teachers. To aid in this work all more recent text-books give bibliographies more or less extensive, and thus the way is opened for a wider knowledge than any one text-book will give. Some notes here as to the facilities for the best work may not be amiss. Text-books. — The best book for class use will be, as said in the first edition, brief, accurate, and inter- esting in style. Higginson, Scudder, Eggleston, Johnston, Fiske, Thomas, Mowry, — one will not go wrong in placing any and all of these in the hands of his class. Each gives some points of value not given, or but slightly emphasized, in the others. For reference several of the best text-books should be accessible to the class. (i) 11 TOPICS AND REFERENCES Maps and Historical Geography. — Where and when are often quite as important in the study of history as who and why. Good maps are a prime necessity. The maps in Hart's Epochs of American History (published separately as the Epoch Maps), and MacCoun's Historical Geography of the United States, with his series of progressive charts, are especially good. D. C. Heath & Co., issue small outline maps to be filled in by the student as the work goes on, and their use is to be strongly recom- mended. The text-books also contain many good maps, though with some inaccuracies. The Reference Library. — A small number of books is quite indispensable ; a larger number is a great advantage. Lists of the best are given in most recent text-books. The two series, " Epochs of American History ", and " The American History Series ", will be found very useful, and the bibli- ographies are a key to a wide range of authorities. Winsor's Narrative and Critical History of America is a vast and rich store-house, and its bibliographies are exhaustive. Fiske's works in American History can hardly be dispensed with. Bryant and Gay's Popular History of the United States (to 1876), McMaster's History of the People of the United States, Parkman's France and England in America, are all of great value and written in a very inter- esting style. But it would be too long a task to mention all valuable and helpful books for reference. INTRODUCTION 111 Many of them are found among the " references " in the body of this book. For his own use the teacher will find Hall's Methods of Teaching His- tory, Hinsdale's How to Study and Teach History, Gordy and Twitchell's Pathfinder in American History, and Channing and Hart's Guide to the Study of American History, full of helpful sug- gestion. Sources. — The latest word in history study is " back to the sources ". If Bradford and John Smith, Winthrop and Washington, be allowed to tell their own story, we gain a vividness and reality that can come in no other way. The " Old South Leaflets" and the "American History Leaflets" make many important narratives and documents easily accessible. Every school should have full sets of these, and, with careful and judicious guid- ance by the teacher, the student will be greatly interested and immensely profited by the study of these often " quaint and curious " but always valu- able records. It will not be objected that this method is unscientific, for it is akin to that insisted upon by the teacher of chemistry and physics, who puts the materials into his student's hands, and shows him how to perform his own experiments, draw his own inferences, and formulate his own principles. The results themselves are not new nor valuable, but the process is in the best sense educa- tional. The work is "original work" only in a IV TOPICS AND REFERENCES modified sense, but it gives the right stimukis to thought, and arouses interest. A dip into local history may be found practicable. Every one should know something of the history of his own town and his own State. Even the history of the- school district, — when it w^as organized, when the schoolhouse was built and repaired, what studies were pursued and what text-books were in vogue, what controversies have sprung up,— is in the right line of work. Use of this Book. — This book will be found most valuable if each member of the class is sup- plied with a copy. The blank pages give oppor- tunity for brief notes and further references, and thus the book grows in value as it is used. Public and individual libraries should be drawn upon for whatever they contain that will help. The library authorities should be made acQ^uainted with the need of special books, and will gladly co-operate with teachers in providing the facilities for work. It is hoped that this book will be judged by the purpose that has guided in its preparation. It is not intended as an exhaustive bibliography of United States history, but as a book of texts, and of references to a large body of valuable material scattered through our periodical literature and largely neglected by other books, as well as to some of the best and most available books. Many of the magazines and periodicals will be found in the INTRODUCTION V libraries and in the hands of individuals. I have endeavored to give references to both sides of de- bated questions, and have often preferred accounts nearly contemporary with the events. A few words of explanation should be given as to some references in abridged form. Most will lead to no mistake, but the following may be noted. (A. C.) in parenthesis refers to the " American Commonwealths " series ; (A. S.) to the " American Statesmen " series ; A. H. A. to the publications of the American Historical Association ; (G. C.) to the the '^ Great Commanders " series ; (M. A.) to the '' Makers of America " series ; J. H. U. to the Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Poli- tical Science. (S) refers to '• sources ", but is not used when the reference is clear without it. Mag. indicates the Magazine of American History. An- drews refers to that author's History of the United States in four volumes illustrated (it is also pub- lished in two volumes). Bancroft indicates that author's last revision of his History of the United States ; Bryant is Bryant and Gay's Popular History of the United States ; Hakluyt refers to the volumes and pages of Goldsmid's edition of Hakluyt's Voy- ages of the English to America ; Higginson to his Larger History of the United States (to 1837), first published in Harper's Magazine, and included among the references to that magazine ; Hildreth refers to his History of the United States ; Lalor's VI TOPICS AND BEFERENCES Cyc. is the well-known Cyclopaedia of Political Science, Political Economy, and United States His- tory ; McMaster indicates the History of the People of the United States ; Preston, Documents Illustra- tive of American History ; Rhodes, the History of the United States after the Compromise of 1850 ; Schouler, the History of the United States under the Constitution ; Sparks, the Library of American Biography ; Winsor, the Narrative and Critical History of America. For the earlier years Scribner refers to Scribner's Monthly Magazine ; for later years to the new Scribner's Magazine. Poole's Index will give many additional references. When a book is referred to by its full title in the " General References for the Period " or in the " gen- eral references " at the head of a set of topics, it is quoted only by the author's name under a special topic lower down. The author would be glad to receive notice of any errors in this book. Though great care has been used to secure accuracy, he cannot hope that, with such a multitude of references, errors have been wholly avoided. This revision has been made largely in the library of Brown University, and at the Providence Public Library. The latter, as is well-known, is especially rich in works on American History. My thanks are due to the librarians and their assistants at both of these libraries for help in the work of revision. Providence, March 22, 1897. CONTENTS Page Introduction iii Prehistoric Period 10 Period of Search. 14 The Great Discovery 14 Spain in the New World 16 French discoveries and settlements 18 The English in America 20 Period of Beginnings 24 Virginia and Maryland 24 Massachusetts 26 The rest of New England 32 New York and New Jersey 34 Delaware and Pennsylvania 38 The southern colonies 40 France and England in America 42 Old colony times 46 Period of Revolution 52 Causes of the Revolution 52 1775 56 1776 58 1777 62 1778-9 64 1780-83 68 Period of Weakness 74 The confederation 74 Period op Union 80 Washington 80 John Adams 84 Jefferson. 88 Madison 90 (vii) Vlll TOPICS AND REFERENCES Page Period of Union — concluded Monroe 96 John Quincy Adams 98 Jackson 100 Van Buren 104 W. H. Harrison and Tyler 108 Polk .• 110 Taylor and Fillmore 114 Pierce 116 Period of Disunion 120 Buchanan 120 Lincoln, 1861 124 1862 128 1863 '...130 1864 134 1865 136 Period of Reunion 142 Johnson 142 Grant 144 Hayes 148 Garfield and Arthur 152 Cleveland (1) 154 Benjamin Harrison 156 Cleveland (2) 162 McKinley 168 Reviews 178 TOPICS IN AMERICAN HISTORY Topics in American History I. PREHISTORIC PERIOD 1. The ''Mound Builders". a. Where are the mounds ? />. Their forms and uses. c. AVhat they teach of their builders. Refeke^ces. — Foster, Prehistoric Races of the United States ; Nadaillac, Prehistoric America ; Lubbock, Prehistoric Times, eh. 8 ; Reports of United States Bureau of Ethnology : The First Americans, Harper, Aug., 1882; Fiske, Discovery of America, I, ch. 1 ; Winsor, I, ch. 6 ; The Serpent Mound of Ohio, Century, April. 1890; also Mag., May, July, 1888; Forum, Jan., 1890. 2. The American Indians. a. Chief families and tribes and their early location. b. Indian character and mode of life. c. Religion and legends. d. The Pueblo Indians. e. The present and future of the Indian. /. Relation to the mound builders. liEFEiiENCES. — Parkmau, Jesuits in North America, Introd ; Indians of North America, Johnson's Cyc. ; Report Bureau of Ethnology 1880-1 (Iroquois Myths), 1883-4 (Cherokees (10) 12 PREHISTORIC : THE NORSEMEN and Semiuoles) ; Yawger. The Indian and the Pioneer, Syracuse, 1893 ; Roberts, New York (A. C), ch. 9, 10 (Six Nations) ; Drake, Making of New England ; Brooks, Story of the Ameiican Indian ; Onr Barbarian Brethren, Harper, May, 1870; Forum. May, 1893; Jackson, Ramona, and Century of Dishonor; Longfellow, Hiawatha; Whittier, Bridal of Penacook. On Zunis see Century, Aug., Dec, 1882, Feb. May. , 1883 ; Proctor, Song of the Ancient People ; The Father of the Pueblos, Harper, June, 1882. 3. The Norsemen in America. a. Who were they ? h. Their voyages and discoveries. c. The story of Vinland. d. Importance of these facts. References. — Fiske, Discovery of America, I, ch. 1 ; Winsor, I, 59-76; The Visit of the Vikings, Harper, Sept., 1882 ; An- derson, America not discovered by Columbus ; Old South Leaflets, No. 31; American History Leaflets, No. 3 ; Hig- ginson, American Explorers; also Mag., Mar., 1888, May, 1892 ; Whittier, Norsemen ; Longfellow, Skeleton in Armor. Search questions. — Axe. there mounds in New England or New York ? Are there any near your home ? Where do you find the story of Norse discovery ? What important part have the Norse people played in European history ? How were the Vikings represented at the World's Fair ? What is the true story of the Old Mill at Newport ? Was the Dighton Rock inscription made by Norsemen ? II. THE PERIOD OF 8EARCH Oenbral references for the period. — Bryant I. 1-267 . Bancroft, I. 7-83 ; Hildreth, I, 35-98 ; Andrews, I, 37-113 ; Higginson, Larger History, 53-136; and especially Fiske, Discovery of America. Higoinson, American Explorers, gives many original narratives. The Great Discovery 1. Geographical knowledge in the 15th century. Fiske, Discovery of America, ch. 3-5. 2. Condition of Europe. a . The po we r of the c 1 1 ii r c h . b. The great kingdoms. c. Importance of Spain. d. The revival of learning. e. The invention of printing. f. The desire for discovery. 9- The aids to naviffatioi to' Fisher. Universal History, 363-31)5 ; Seebohn, Protestant Revolution, Pt. 1. and maps. 3. Commerce and tradf in tho middle ages. Fiske, 1, ch. 3. 4. The Portuguese sailors, — Da Oama, ('abral, Magellan. Major, Prince Henry the Navagator, ch. 30 ; Magellau, Harper, Aug., 1890; Fiske, I. ch. 4; H, pp. 96-100, 184, 311. (14) If) SEARCH : THE PART OF SPAIN 5. Columbus and his four voyages. Fiske, I, ch. 5, 6 : Wiusor, Columbus; Adams, Columbus (M.A.); Old South Leaflets, Nos. 29, 33; American His- tory Leaflets, No. 1 ; Castelar's Columbus in Century, May to Oct., 1892; Harper. Dec, 1881, April, Oct., 1892. 6. America's name. Fiske, II, 23 fl'.; Winsor, 11, ch. 2; Scribner, June, 1876. 7. Discoveries of the Cabots. Fiske, II, 1-18 ; Winsor, III, ( h. 1 ; Hakluyt, I, 25-34 ; Old South Leaflets, No. 37 ; American History Leaflets No. 9; Cabot's Landfall, Mag., Oct., 1891 ; Old English Seamen, Harper, Jan., 1883, Seakch questions. — Where are the ashes of Columbus ? Of what republic was the discoverer of North America a native ? Who first called this continent America? How long after Columbus's time did it become clear that a "new world" had been discovered ? Who circumnavigated Africa before Da Gama ? Spain in the New "World General kefehences. — Drake, Making of the Great West, 1-65 ; The Spanish Discoveries, Harper, Oct., 1882 ; Spanish and French Explorers. Harper, Feb., 1882. 1-4. Wiusor, II, chap. 4. 1. Discovery of Florida, — De Leon. Mag., Feb., 1887. 2. The Pacific,— Balboa. Harper, March, 1859. 3. The Mississippi, — De Soto. Hakluyt, II, 537-016. 4. The first settlement, — Menendez. Parkman, Pioneers of France, ch. 7-9, 5. Explorations in the south-west. 1 S SEARCH ; THE PART OF FRANCE Blackmar, Spanish Institutions iu tlie south-west (J. H. U.. extra vol., 10); Old South Leaflets, No. 30; American History Leaflets, No. 13 ; A. H. A., 1894, 83-93. Ladd, Story of New Mexico, ch. 3-6 ; Bandelier The Gilded Man. 6. Conquests of Mexico and Peru. Fiske, II, ch. 8, 10 : Winsor, ch, 6, 8 ; Prescott. Conquest of Mexico and Peru ; Wallace, The Fair CJod. 7. Extent of Spain's possessions. Labberton, New Historical Atlas, plates 58-9 ; Epoch Maps, No. 2. 8KA.RCH QUESTIONS. — How did Po{>e Alexander divide the new world ? What right had he to do this ? What later agree- ment between Spain and Portugal ? Was De Soto the first' white man who saw the Mississippi ? How shall we explain the presence of the Florida peninsula on maps before De Tjcon's time ? Who first sailed around the world ? French Discoveries and Settlements Gk.nerai. keferences.— Winsor, Cartier to Froutenac ; Drake, Making of the Great West ; Harper, March. 1883. 1 . The voyage of Verazzano. Winsor. lY. ch. 1 ; Hakluyt, 11, 389-401 : Old South Leaf- lets, No. 17 : Mag., Feb., May, Aug., 1879. 2. Cartier in the St. Lawrence. Winsor. lY, eh. 3 ; Hakluyt, II. 77-i5«. .'>. The settlement of Acadia. Winsor, lY, ch. 4. 4, Champlain's discoveries and settlements. Winsor, lY, ch. 3 ; Roberts, New York (A. C). ch. 1 ; Parkman, Pioneers of France, 169-420 ; Drake, Making of New England. 40-48 : Mag.. March, 1886. 20 sear(;h : the part of England 5. The Huguenots in Carolina. a. Who were the Huguenots ? b. Ribaut, Laudonniere, De Gourgues. Parkman, Pioneers of France ; Baird, Huguenot Emigra- tion to America ; Winsor, II, ch. 4 ; Harper, March, 1860. 6. Exploration of the Lakes and the Mississippi valley. a. Who were the Jesuits? b. Their chief explorations. c. La Salle, Joliet, Marquette. Winsor, IV, cli. 5 ; Parkman, Jesuits in North Americ;*, and Discovery of the Great West ; Hinsdale, Old North- west, ch. 8, 4. Also on La Salle see Mag., May, 1882 ;- Catherwood, Story of Tonty. On Marquette, Old South Leaflets, No. 40, 7. Extent of the French possessions. Epoch 3Iaps. Xos. 2. o, 4. Search QUESTIONS. — What was the effect of Champlain's figlit with the Iroquois near Lake Champlain ? What casts dou))t on the discoveries of Verazzano ? Why were the Indians generally friendly to the French ? Who was the founder of the Jesuits V What was the policy of the French in colon- izing America ? What had church fasts to do with the new world fisheries ? The English in America in the Sixteenth) Century Gbnerai. rbfekences — Old English Seamen, Harper, Jan., 1888 ; The Elizabethan Sea Kings, Atlantic, July, 1895. 1 . The early Enghsh explorers. a. Frobisher and the northwest passage. Winsor. III. ch. 8; Hakluvt. I, 74-212. 22 SEARCH : THE PART OF ENGLAND h. Drake and New Albion. Winsor, III, ch. 2; Henty, Under Drake's Flag. c. Gilbert and his scheme of settlement. Winsor, III, pp. 105-8 ; Hakhiyt, T, 806-358. 2. Raleigh and his plans. a. Lane's colony. b. White's colony. Winsor, III, ch. 4 ; Hakluyt, II, 173-388 ; Drake, Making of Virginia and the Middle Colonies, 1-29 ; An English Nation, Harper, April, 1883 ; The Beginning of a Nation, Century, Nov., 1882 ; Mag., Feb., 1891 ; Kings- ley, Westward Ho ; A. H. A., 1891, 441-480 ; New Eng- land Mag., Jan., 1895. 3. Gosnold and Pring. Drake, Making of New England, 8-19. 4. The two companies. Winsor, III, p. 127; Neill, Virginia Co. of London; At- lantic, Oct., 1892. 0. Extent of the English claim. Labberton, New Historical Atlas, plate 59 ; Epoch Maps, Nos. 2, 3, 4. 6. Summary of explorations and coDflicting claims. Search questions. — What Englishman first circumnavigated the globe ? Did Raleigh ever visit America ? Is there a northwest passage ? Who shortened the route to the new world ? In what way ? Who was Virginia Dare ? What was the policy of Englishmen in settling in America ? III. THE PERIOD OF BEGINNINGS General keferences for the period. — Bancroft, I-lII ; Hildreth, I, II ; Bryant, I-III ; Andrews. I ; Doyle, English Colonies in America ; Lodge, English Colonies in America ; Higginson, Larger History, 137-240; Thwaites, The Colo- nies ; Fisher, The Colonial Era ; Coffin, Old Times in the Colonies. For New England colonies see Prince Society publications. Aiany original documents for period from 1605 to 1610 are given fully in Brown, Genesis of the United States. Virginia and Maryland General references. — On Virginia, Winsor, 111, ch. 5 ; Cooke, Virginia (A. C ) ; The Beginning of a Nation, Century, Nov., 1883 ; Drake, iMaking of Virginia and the Middle Colonies ; Cooke, Stories of the Old Dominion ; Harper. Nov., 1882; American History Leaflets, No. 27. On Maryland, Browne, Maryland (A. C), and G. and C. Calvert (M. A.); Drake Making of Virginia and Middle Colonies; Harper, Feb., 1888 ; Century, Feb., 1890. 1 . The London Conijxm y and the Virginia charter. Neil), Virginia Co. of London ; te.xt of charter. Pres- ton, 1-18. 2. Character of the Viruiiiia settlers. Thwaites, the Colonies, pp. 09, 74, 70. :5. John Smith ; story of Pocahontas. Harper, Nov., 1860; Atlantic, Sept., 1895; Mag, April, IHft.') : Our Lady of the James. Cosmopolitan, Jan , 1898. (24) 2() BEGINNINGS : MASSACHUSETTS L Sufferings of the colony ; the " Starving Time ", Atlantic, Dec, 1895. 5. The first colonial assembly. Fisher, 32-3 ; Bryant, I, 306; A. H. A., 1893, 399-316. (). Introduction of slavery. Mag., Nov., 1891. 7. Occupations of the colonists, — ^tobacco. Husbandry in Colonial Times, Century, Jan., 1884. s: Berkeley and Bacon's Rebellion. The First American Rebel, Mag., Jan., 1887; Century, July, 1890 ; Goodwin, White Aprons. {►. Lord Baltimore's grant. Text of charter, Preston, 62-77. 10. P]arly religious history of Maryland. Fisher, eh. 5. 11. ('layborne. Bryant, II, 212 ff.; Mag., Aug., 1883; Kennedy, Rob of the Bowl. 12. Mason and Dixon's line. Browne, Maryland (A. C); Latrobe, History of Mason and Dixon's line. Beauch QUESTroNs. — What casts doubt upon the story of Poca hontas ? What statesman claimed descent from Pocahontas ? What arc the chief writings of Smith ? Who were the "Knights of the Horseshoe" ? Why is Virginia called the "Old Dominion"? Was full religious liberty allowed in Maryland ? What were the charter limits of Virginia ? Massachusetts (tKNkhal hefeuences. — For concise statement of the reasons for the Massachusetts settlements, see Fiske, Beginnings of Ne^ England, ch. 1. 2. 28 BEGiNNiNrxs: .massa(jhusp:tts Palfrey. History of New England ; Hale, Story of Massachu- setts ; Drake, Making of New I]ngland ; Thwaites, The col- onies, ch. 6-8 ; Twichell, John Winthrop (M. A.) ; Wendell, Cotton Mather (M. A.); Higginson, Francis Higginson (M. A.) ; Ellis, J*uritan Age and Rule ; Drake, Around the Hub ; Scudder, Boston Town ; Maypole of Merry Mount, Atlantic, May, June, 1877 ; Hawthorne, Grandfather's Chair, Pt. I ; Harper, Dec, 1882; Century, Jan., May, 1888. Also for sources, Morton's New England's Memorial ; American His- tory Leaflets, Nos. 25, 29. 1. Exploratiou of New England. Thwaites, The Colonies, }). 41 ; Smith's Generall Historie Bk. 6 (S). 2. The Pilgrims and their wanderings. Old South Leaflets, No. 48 ; Hemans, Landing of the Pilgrims. 3. The settlement of Plymouth. Winsor, III, ch. 8 ; Bancroft, I, ch. 8 ; Plymouth before the Pilgrims, Mag., Dec, 1882; New England Mag,, Sept., 1889 ; Harper, Dec, 1853 ; Austin, A Nameless Nobleman, Standish of Standish, Dr. LeBaron and his Daughters, Betty Alden. 4. The plan of government. The Mayflower Compact, Preston, 29-31. 5. The Puritans. Winsor, IH, ch. 7 ; Greene, Short History of the English People, ch. 8, sec. 1. 6. Settlements on Massachusetts Bay. Fiske, Beginnings of New England, ch. 3 ; Sedgwick, Hope Leslie. 7. The company and the charter. Text of charter, Preston, 36-61 ; Old South Leaflets, No. 7. 30 beginnings: Massachusetts s. Religious affairs, a. Roger Williams. Bancroft, I, 285-302 ; Dexter, As to Roger Williama ; Straus, Roger Williams. b. Aline Hutchinson. Bancroft, 306-810 ; Fiske, 117-120. c. The Quakers. Fiske, 179-192 ; Hallowell, Quaker Invasion of Massachu- setts ; Wliittier, The Exiles, The King's Missive, Cassan- dra South wick : Lee, Naomi. 9. The New England Confederation. Frothinghani, Rise of the Republic, 1-71 ; Bancroft, I, 338-343; Fiske, ch. 4; Harper, Oct., 1882; text of- articles, Preston, 85-95. 10. King Philip's war. Fiske, ch. o ; Old South Leaflets, No. 21 ; Century, Sept., 1883 ; Church, King Philip's War (S) ; Hubbard, Indian Wars in the Colonies (S). 1 1 . Eliot, the apostle to the Indians. Sparks, John Eliot ; Fiske, 202, 208 ; Old South Leaflets, No. 21. 12. Salem Witchcraft. Bryant, II, 450-471 ; LTpham. Witchcraft ; Fowler, Salem Witchcraft (S) ; Holland, The Bay Path; Whittier, The Changeling ; Longfellow, Giles Corey ; Wilkins, Giles Corey, Yeoman; Hawthorne. Young Goodman Brown, in " Mosses". Skakch quESTioN.s. — Who was the founder of the Quakers ? Who named New England ? How many came in the May- flower ? What is theje.vact date of the landing of the Pil- grims ? What was the difference between Pilgrims and Pur- itans ? How do you ac.<-<>u!it for the name Plymouth on 32 beginnings: new England maps before 1620? Were the Puritans justifiable in their treatment of those who differed from them in religious belief? Were the Quakers justifiable for " testifying " so persistently at Boston ? The Rest of New England General references. — Fiske Beginnings of New England ; Palfrey, History of New England ; Drake, Making of New England ; Century, Jan., 1883 ; Harper, Dec, 1882 ; An Old Town ^\ith a History, Century, Sept., 1882. On New Hampshire, Winsor, HI, 321-330 ; Belknap, History of New Hampshire. On Connecticut, Johnston, Connecticut (A. C.) ; Trumbull, History of Connecticut ; Walker, Thomas Hooker (M. A.) ; Fundamental Orders of Conn., in Preston, 78-84, Old South Leaflets, No. i ; Roberts. New York (A C.) ; Brooks, Story of New York ; Hendrick, Brief History of New^ York ; Evo- lution of New York, Harper, May, June, 1893 ; Old New- York Coffee Houses, Harper, March, 1883; Harper, Sept., 1854. On government in early New York see articles in :\[ag., Jan.. May, Sept , 1882 ; March, 1887. On New Jersey, Winsor, III, ch. 11 ; J. PI. U , III, 435- 460 ; Gordon, History of New Jersey ; Harper, May, 1888. 1 . Hudson and his discoveries. Sparks. Hudson; Mag.. Sept., 1893. 36 BK(iINNlN(;s : NEW YORK, NEW JERSEY 2. Settlements at New Amsterdam and Fort Orange. The origin of New York, Mag., Oct., 1887; A Glimpse jit an 01(1 Dutch Town, Harper. March, 1881. 3. Tlie " Patroons ". The Van Rensselaer ^[anor, Mag., Jan., 1884 ; Myers, The Young Patroon. 4. The four Dutch governors. Irving, Knickerbocker's History of New York ; Tucker- man's StU3^vesant (M. A.) 5. New Netherlands becomes New York. Fisher. 187-190. <>. New York under English rule. a. Extent of territory. Epoch maps. No. 3, b. The government, — Leisler. Roberts, ch. 1 ; Bynner, The Begum's Daughter ; Brooks, In Leisler's Times. 7. The Negro Plot. Coffin, Old Times, ch. 30. s. The Jerseys. Fisher, ch. 10, 15. \K Early settlements. 10. (Tovernment of the colony. Seauch t^UESTioxs.— What was the fate of Hudson ? Who was Jhe founder of the Dutch Republic ? How was it possible for those persecuted for religious opinion to find refuge in Holland ? Who were the " Walloons" ? Who was " Old Silver-leg " ? What was the " Dominion of New England " ? What has made New York the chief seaport of America ? 38 THE PEKTOD OF BEGINMINGS Delaware and Pennsylvania General References. — Winsor, III, ch. 9 ; IV. ch. 9 ; Drake Making of Virginia and the Middle Colonies ; Fisher, Mak ing of Pennsylvania ; Carpenter, History of Pennsylvania Ferris, History of Original Settlements on the Delaware Early Quakers in England and Pennsylvania, Harper, Nov. 1882 ; Old Time Life in a Quaker Town, Harper, Jan., 1881 also Harper, May, 1888. 1. New Sweden. Mag.. Nov., 1889. 2. The Swedes and the Dutch. " Roberts, New York (A. C), ch. 7 ; Migrations of the Col- onists, Century, March, 1883. 3. A¥illiam Penn and his grant. Mag., Oct., 1882; Browne, Maryland (A. C.) ; Grave of Penn, Harper, Dec, 1881. Charter in Preston, 130-145. 4. Penn's treaty with the Indians. Bancroft, I, 567-8. 5. Government of tiie province. Bryant, III, ch. 8 6. The "Pennsylvania Dutch ". Fisher, ch. 4, especially p. 118. Search questions. — What led the Swedes to colonize America ? How came Penn to have a claim against the king ? What was the '' Great Law " ? How did Penn's descendants give up their ownership ? Compare Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Rhode Island as to the degree of religious liberty enjoyed in each. How came the northern boundary of Delaware to be the arc of a circle ? How was the southern boundary of Pennsylvania fixed ? The northern boundary ? The west- ern boundary ? What was the dispute between Pennsyl- vania and Connecticut as to territorv ? 40 THE PKHIOI) OF BKGINN'INGS The Southern Colonies General keference.s. — ^lai-ylaiul and the Far South in the Colonial Period, Harper, Feb., 1888. On the Carolinas, Winsor, V, ch. 5 ; Harper, Dec, 1882; Up the Ashley and Cooper, Harper, Dec, 1875 ; Williamson, History of North Carolina ; Simms, History of South Caro- lina. On Georgia, Winsor, V, ch. 6 ; Georgia, the Only Free Colony, Mag., Oct., 1889 ; Jones, History of Georgia ; Ogle- thorpe and Georgia, Mag., Feb., 1883. Bruce's Oglethorpe (M. A.) 1. The Carolina grant. Bancroft, I, 408. 2. The two colonies. Bancroft, I, ch. 7,8. 3. Character of the settlers. 4. The government, — the " Grand Model ". Lodge, Short History of the Colonies, p. 136. 5. The two royal provinces. 6. Oglethorpe and his plan. Sparks, Oglethorpe ; Charter in Preston, 148-169. 7. The colonists of Georgia. Harper, Aug., 1892 ; Bryant, HI, ch. 6. 8. Whitefield and the Wesley s. Bancroft, II, 287-9. 9. War with the Spaniards of Florida. Bancroft, II, 292-8. 10. Settlement of the thirteen colonies, with dates. 11. The names of the different colonies, — origin and meaning. 40 TPrK I'KMIOI) OF BKGINNINGS The Southern Colonies General referenck.s.— iMaryland and ilie Far South in the Colonial Period, Harper, Feb., 1888. On the Carolinas, Winsor, V, ch. 5 ; Harper, Dec, 1882; Up the Ashley and Cooper, Harper, Dec, 1875 ; Williamson, Historj'- of North Carolina ; Sinims, History of South Caro- lina. On Georgia, Winsor, V, ch. 6 ; Georgia, the Only Free Colony, :Mag., Oct., 1889 ; Jones, History of Georgia ; Ogle- thorpe and Georgia, Mag., Feb., 1883. Bruce's Oijlethorpe (M. A.) 1. The Caroliua grant. Bancroft. I, 408. 2. The two colonies. Bancroft, I. ch. 7,8. 3. Character of the settlers. 4. The government,-— the " Grand Model ". Lodge, Short History of the Colonies, p. 136. 5. The two royal provinces. 6. Oglethorpe and his plan. Sparks, Oglethorpe ; Charter in Preston, 148-169. 7. The colonists of Georgia. Harper, Aug., 1892 ; Bryant, HI, ch. 6. 8. Whitefield and the Weslej^s. Bancroft, 11, 287-9. 9. War with the Spaniards of Florida. Bancroft, U, 292-8. 10. Settlement of the thirteen colonies, with dates. 11. The names of the different colonies, — origin and meaning. 42 BEGINNINGS ! FRANCE AND ENGLAND Seakch questions. — Why were the Ashley and Cooper rivers so named ? What earlier settlements had been attempted in Carolina ? From what sources did the Carolinas derive their settlers ? What were the western limits of these colonies ? What differences in the industries of the colonies were due to the physical features of the country ? What differences in the social life ? In character of the population ? Why did slavery die out in the north and become more firmly fixed in the south ? What three crops tended to fix slavery in the south ? Why ? Why was variety of industries character- istic of the north rather than of the south ? France and England in America General references. — Parkmau, Froutenac and New France, The Old Regime in Canada, A Half -Century of Conflict, and Montcalm and Wolfe ; Sloane, The French War and the Revolution, eh. 1-9 ; Winsor, V, especially ch. 8 ; Thwaites, The Colonies, ch. 13 ; Hart, Formation of the Union, ch. 2 ; Bryant, III, 254-389 ; Bancroft, II, 319 to end ; The Hun- dred Years' War, Harper, June, 1883 ; Overthrow of the French Power, Harper, June, 1882 ; New York Colonial Privateers, Harper, Feb., 1895; articles in Atlantic. Nov., 1884, March, 1885. On Washington at this time see Mag., Sept., 1885, Jan., 1886, and Scudder, Life of Washington (first published in " St. Nicholas" for 1886). 1. Country held and claimed by each party. Epoch Maps, Nos 3 and 4 ; IMacCouu, Historical Geogra- phy of the United States. 2. Relations of each with the Indians. Thwaites, 246-250. 3. King William's war. a. Frontenac's plan. b. Indian massacres. c. Attempt on Canada. d. Treaty of Ryswick. 44 BEGINNINGS : FRANCE AND ENGLAND 4. Queen Anne's war. Whittier, Pentucket. a. Conquest of Nova Scotia. h. Treaty of Utrecht. 5. King George's war. a. Growth of French settlement. h. First capture of Louisburg. c. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. 6. The decisive struggle. Johnson, Old French War ; Cooper, Last of the Mohicans ; Parker, Seats of the Mighty, in Atlantic, 1895-96. a. The situation in 1753. h. The points of attack. ('. Braddock's campaign. Mag., Nov., 1880, April, 1887; Cooke, Virginia (A. C), 344-B54. d. The story of Acadia. Harper. Nov., 1882 ; Longfellow, Evangeline ; Winsor, Y, eh. 7. e. Second capture of Louisburg. Drake, Taking of Louisburg ; Hall, Twice Taken ; Byn- ner, Agnes Bvu-riage. /. Wolfe at Quebec. Henty, With Wolfe in Canada. g. Peace of Paris and its provisions. 7. Pontiac's war. Ellis, Indian wars, ch. 8-14 ; Parkman, Conspiracy of Pontiac : Harper, INIarch, Oct., 18C1. 48 BEGINNINGS ! OLD COLONY TIMES Irving, Wolfert's Roost, Rip Van Winkle, and Knicker- bocker ; BaiT, A Bow of Orange Ribbon ; Janvier, In Old New York. On the Southern Colonies, Fredericksburg, First and Last, Mag , March, 1887 ; Old Yorktown, Scribner, Oct., 1881 ; Old Maryland Manners, Scribner, Jan. , 1879 ; Old Maryland Homes and Ways, Century, Dec, 1894, Feb., 1896 ; Cooke, Virginia Comedians ; Thackeray, The Virginians. 1. Contrast between the north and the south. a. In the character and ideas of the people. b. In occupations and productions. c. In the laboring classes. d. In the physical features of the country. 2. Forms of government. Town and county government in the colonies, J. H U., II, 10 ; Popular government in Virginia, Mag., June, 1888; Fiske, Civil Government, ch. 6, sec. 1. a. The charter. h. The royal province. c. Proprietary. d. Democracy. 3. The Town Meeting. Fiske, A.merican Political Ideas, I, and Civil Government, ch.» 2; Johnston, Connecticut (A. C.) ; Levermore, Republic of New Haven ; Sam Adams, the Man of the Town Meeting, J. H. U., II, 4. 4. Religious affairs. Century, April, 1887, May, 1888 : A Tory Parson, Atlan- tic, April, 1887 ; Puritanism in New York, Mag., Jan., 1885; A Puritan Indeed, Harper, Oct., 1885; Earie, Sabbath in Puritan New England. 5. Education — early colleges. 50 BEGINNINGS I OLD COLONY TIMES Boone, Education in the U. S. ; Harvard, in Drake, 214-6 ; Yale, in Johnston, Connecticnt (A C); William and Mary, in Scribner, Nov., 1875. 6. Literature and newspapers. Stedman and Hutchinson, Library of American Literature ; Pre -Revolutionary Editors, Mag , Jan., 1887. 7. Slavery and indented servants. Wilson, Rise and Fall of the Slave Power, I ; Slavery in New York, Mag., May, 1884 ; New York Slave Traders, Harper, Jan., 1895 ; White Servitude in Virginia, J. H. u., xm. 8. The chief towns. Boston, Winsor, Memorial History ; New York, Lamb, History of New York City ; Philadelphia, Harper, April, May, 1876 ; Baltimore, Lodge, p. 119 ; Charleston, Lodge, 183-4. 9. Nationalites. Consult Lodge, and see Scotch in America, Mag. , March* 1880, March, 1883, Jan., 1892. 10. Industries. Husbandry in Colony Times, Century, Jan., 1884 ; First Ironworks in America, Mag., Nov., 1889 ; Commerce in the Colonies, Century, June, 1884. 11. Social and home life. The Colonists at Home, Century, Oct., 1884, April, July, 1885 ; Some Colonial Women. Cosmopolitan, April, 1894 ; Earle, Colonial Dames and Good Wives, Customs and Fashions in Old New England, and Costume of Colonial Times. Search questions. — Where in the colonies did the Scotch-Irish settle ? Germans ? French ? Welsh ? What is the origin of the southern "poor whites" ? What was the chief pro- duct of Virginia ? of South Carolina ? Where was iron pro- duced ? silk ? indigo ? What was the first newspaper pub- lished in the colonies ? IV. THE PERIOD OF REVOLUTION GENERATi REFERENCES FOR THE PERIOD. — Fislvc, the Ameri- can Revolution; Winsor, VI and V^II, eh 1, and Readers. Handbook of the American Revolution ; Sloane, The French War and the Revolution, ch. 10-39 ; Bancroft, III, IV, V ; Hildreth, III ; Andrews, II, 19-161 ; Bryant, III, ch. 15 to IV. ch. 4 ; Cotlin, The Boys of 1876 ; New York in the Revo- lution, Scribner, Jan., Feb., 1876. (The references to the Atlantic have been retained, though the articles are largely in Fiske's American Revolution. In many cases the double reference may prove convenient.) Causes of the Revolution General references. — Lodge, English Colonies, ch. 2o; Sloane, ch. 10-14; Fiske, 1. ch. 1, 2, 8; Winsor. VI, ch. 1, 8 ; !5eginnings of the American Revolution, Atlantic, March. 1888 ; England's struggle with the Colonies, Mag., Aug , 1889; The British Yoke. Harper, Aug., 1888; Arlington House, Harper, Sept., 1858; "Declaration of Rights" in 1765 and 1774, Preston, 188-205. 1. British ignorance of tlie colonics. 2. The Navigation acts. American History Leaflets, No. 19. 3. The writs of assistance. Sloane, 124-5. 4. Taxation and the reasons for it. a. The stamp act and its repeal. American History Leaflets, No. 21 ; Atlantic, April, 1888; The Stamp Act in New York, Mag., June, 1877. (53) 54 THE E evolution: causes b. The tea tax and '• Tea Party ". New England Mag., June, 1893. 0. The Stamp act congress. Harper, Dec, 1862. 6. Unjust laws. Harper, Dec, 1851. a. Mutiny act, — " Boston Massacre ". Boston Mobs, Atlantic, Sept. , 1888. h. Boston Port Bill. c. Massachusetts Bill. d. Transportation Bill. e. Quebec Act. A. H. A. 1894, 273-279. 7. Burning of the Gaspee. Palfrey's New England, 510-4 ; Fiske, I, 76-7. 8. Tryon and the Regulators in Carolina. A. H. A., 1894, 141-212. 9. The First Continental Congress. 10. The men of the hour. a. James Otis. Hosmer's Sam. Adams (A. S.) ; Tudor's Otis. h. Patrick Henry. Tyler's Henry (A. S.) ; Wirt's Henry. c. Benjamin Franklin. Morse's Franklin (A. S.); Franklin's Autobiography; Atlantic, Sept, 1887; McMaster's Franklin; Hale, Stories of Invention, 97-118, 56 THE REVOLUTION .* 1775 d. John and Samuel Adams. Morse's J. Adams (A. S.) ; Hosmer's S. Adams (A. S.) ; The Father of the Revolution, Harper, July, 1876. 11. On the eve of war. a, Parhament and the king. King George's Personal Policy, Mag., June, 1892. h. Acts of colonial legislatures. c. Whigs and Tories. Search questions. — What is the origin and meaning of Whig and Tory? What was the English public debt in 1763? How had it been incurred ? Was it just that the colonies should pay a part ? What fitness is there in erecting a mon- ument in Boston to Attucks ? What English statesmen strongly opposed the legislation against the colonies ? What was the effect of the Navigation acts upon colonial man- ufactures ? To what extent were these acts enforced ? Was it right for the colonies to evade these laws? Is "smug- gling" justifiable in our own day ? The Revolution,— 1 775 General references. — The Eve of Independence, Atlantic, Nov., 1888; The First Year of the Continental Congress, Atlantic. Sept., 1888: Paul Revere, Mag., Jan. 1886; Haw- thorne, Septimius Felton. 1. Preparations for resistance. a. The provincial congress of Massachusetts. Fiske, I, p. 109. h. Committees of Correspondence. Fiske, I, 79-80. c. The Minute Men. d. Gathering of supplies. 2. Lexington and Concord. 58 THE REVOLUTION : 1776 Harper, May, 1875 ; Longfellow, Paul Revere's Ride ; Holmes, Lexington. 3. Ticonderoga and Crown Point. Sparks, Ethan Allen ; Hall, Ethan Allen. 4. Bunker Hill. Harper, July, 1886 ; Echoes of Bunker Hill, Harper, July, 1875 ; Sparks, Warren. 5. The second Continental Congress. Fiske, I, ch. 3 ; Mag.. July, 1888. a. Last appeal to the king. b. Washington commander-in-chief. c. Supplies and men voted. 6. Washington and the army. Fiske, I, ch. 4 ; Washington as a Strategist, North Amer- ican, Oct , 1881. 7. Expedition to Canada. Mag., April, 1884, Feb., 1885; Sparks, Montgomery; Arnold's Arnold, ch. 3-5. 8. The Hessian mercenaries. Lowell, The Hessians and the Revolution. Search questions. — Is Bunker Hill monument on Bunker Hill ? What was Arnold's route to Canada ? What were the pur- poses of this expedition ? Why did not Canada side with the other colonies ? How had Washington shown special fitness for military command ? What had been his previous experience ? To what extent did the English enlist the Indians in their service ? The Revolution,— 1776 General references. — Virginia in the Revolution, Harper, June, 1876; The Virginia Declaration, Mag., May, 1884; The Mecklenburg Declarations, North American, April, 1874; and Mag., Jan., March, 1889; Independence Hall, Harper 60 TIIK REVOLUTION : 1776 July, 1867 ; The Fallacy of 1776, Mag.. May, 1885 ; Trum- bull, McFingal ; Wintlirop, Edwiu Brothertoft. 1. The colonies become states. Frothinghain, Rise of the Republic, ch. 11, 12 ; Fiske, Civil Governmeut, 161-6. In case of New York, see Mag., April, 1887, Jan., 1879. 2. Siege and Evacuation of Boston. Atlantic, April, 1876, 3. Declaration of Independence. Morse, John Adams (A S.) ch. 5 ; Mag., Sept., Dec, 1888 ; Harper, July, 1892 ; The Story of the Signing, Scribner. July, 1876; The Signers, Harper, July, Aug., 1873 ; The Writer of the Declaration, Harper, July, 1876 ; Mag., Dec, 1893. • 4. The loss of New York. Atlantic, Jan., 1889. a. Plans for the defence. b. Battles of Long Island and White Plains. c. Washington's reteat. 5. Trenton and Princeton. Fiske. I. 229-235. 6. Winter of 1776-7. Fiske, I, 242 ff. 7. Appeal to France. 8. The Confederation proposed. American History Leaflets, Nos. 20, 28 ; Preston, 218-231. 1). Foreign volunteers. 10. Nathan Hale. Harper, June, 1880; Losslng. The Two Spies. 'b2 THE KEVOLUTIOX: 1777 Search questions. — When was the Declaration of ludepeud- ence signed? To what extent had Engkud cut off "trade with all parts of the world"? In what cases had the king '' taken nwny our charters "' ? When had he "plundered our seas"? When had he "burnt our towns"? (It would be very profitable to go through the Declaration and find in- stances to' prove the truth of the several charges therein made against the king.) AVhere is the original draft of the Declaration now kept ? Why did France naturally favor America ? What did Frederick the Great think of the gen- eralship of Washington ? The Revolution,— 1777 ^General references. — Mohawk valley during the Revolution, Harper, July, 1877 ; Frederic, In the Valley ; Brush, Paul and Persis; Thompson, the Rangers ; also articles in Mag., Aug., 1884, Oct., Nov., 1885. On Oriskany and Saratoga see "Centennial Celebrations of New York", 78-97. 153-6. 1. The loss of Philadelphia. Atlantic, May, 1889. a. Howe's plan for the capture. b. Brandywine and Germantown. c. Forts Mifflin and Mercer. d. The wanderings of Congress. 2. Burgoyne's invasion. Drake, Burgoyne's Invasion ; Atlantic. March, 1889 ; Har- per, Oct., 1877, a. The plan. b. Ticonderoga. c. Bennington. Harper, Sept., 1877 ; Sparks, John Stark; New England Mag., Aug., 1891. d. St. Leger's expedition, — Oriskany. Mag., Nov.. 1877. Jan., 1878 ; Stone, Life of Brant. 64 THE KEVOLUTION : 1778-9 e. Saratoga. Atlantic, May, 1889 ; Creasy, Fifteen Decisive Battles. /. The surrender and the prisoners. g. Effects of this success. 3. Situation at the end of 1777. 4. Winter at Valley Forge, — Steuben. Mag., Feb., 1882; Steuben, Mag., March, 1882; Greene, German Element, 13-87. 5. The American Flag. Mag., July, 1877. 6. The public finances. Bolles, Financial History, 1774-1789. Search quESTiONS. — What was Thos. Paine's influence in the revolution ? What is the " Cradle of Liberty" ? In what places did Congress sit during the revolution ? What powers did Congress possess ? Compare this with the powers exer- cised by the American Congress now. What was St. Leger's route to Fort Schuyler ? Why was Schuyler deprived of command ? Who won the battle of Saratoga ? Who was the " Hero of Saratoga" ? Where were the Stars and Stripes first hoisted? What w^as the " Rattlesnake Flag"? The "Pine Tree Flag" ? What do the stars and the stripes in our present flag respectively represent ? The Revolution,— 1778-9 1. Treaty with France, — Franklin. Atlantic, Sept., 1887, Aug., 1889; Mag., July, 1879; Our French Allies, Harper, April, 1871 ; Hale, Franklin in France ; Franklin's Place in Science, Harper, July, 1880. 2. Evacuation of Philadelphia. 3. Monmouth, — Charles Lee. Harper, June, 1878; Atlantic, Oct., 1889. •m QQ THE REVOLUTION : 1778-9 4. Massacres at Wyoming and Cherry Valley. Romance of Wyoming, Harper, Aug., 1858; Campbell, Gertrude of Wyoming ; Ellis, Indian wars, chap. 19, " Cherry Valley " in " Centennial Celebrations of New York", p. 359ff. 5. American attack on Newport. Mag., July, 1879; Atlantic, Oct., 1889; Newport in the Revolution, New England Mag., Sept., 1894. 6. Loss of Savannah. Fiske, II, 166-175. 7. The Conway Cabal. Atlantic, Aug., 1889. 8. War transferred to the South. 9. Attack on Savannah, — Pulaski. Sparks, Pulaski ; Longfellow, Pulaski's Banner. 10. Wayne at Stony Point. Harper, July, 1879; Mag., Feb., 1886. 11. Sullivan and the Six Nations. Mag., June, 1880, Aug., 1888; "Sullivan's Indian Expe- dition", (S.) (published by the State of New York). 12. George Rogers Clark's expedition. Harper, May, June, 1861 ; Cooke, Virginia (A. C), p. 449 ff ; Virginia's Conquest, Mag., Nov., 1886. 13. Winter at Morristown. Harper, Feb., 1859. 14. The Navy, — John Paul Jones. Maclay, History of the Navy, I, 34-151 ; Winsor, VI, ch. 7 ; Abbot, Blue Jackets of 1876 ; Sheffield, Privateersmen of Newport ; Coggeshall, American Privateers ; At- lantic, Dec, 1887; Century, April, 1895; John Paul 68 TIIK KKVOIAITJON : 1780-83 Jones, lliirpcr, .Inly, ISTm ; C'()Oi)t'r, Tlu; I^ilot ;ind liecl Hover. Skaucii liUicsTioNs — How came Newi^ort to bein British hands ? Wlial special imi)ortauce attaches to Chirke'sconquest ? What are letters of marque ? By whom are they legally issued ? What is the. distinction between i>rivateering and piracy? Who was called the " llannil)al of the West" T What three distinct phuis had been tried by the British in their attempts to subdue America ? What facts show that selfishness and intrigue were ji« common and powerful in Washington's time as in ours ? Was the spirit as evident in our Civil War as iu the Revolution ? Whnt are your reasons for your answer ? The Revolution,— 1780-83 General uepeiiencks. — On the war in the south see Atlantic, Sept., Dec, 1890. Connecticut in the Revolution, Johnston, Connecticut (A. C,), ch. 16. Excellent outline of the war, in Lodge, English Colonies, ch. 24. 1. The Loss of Charleston. Fiske, II, 178. 2. Battle of Camden,— DeKalb. Mag., Oct, 1880; on DcKalb see Greene. (Jernian Ele- ment, 91-167. 3. The partisans, — Marion, Sumter, Pickens. Marlon, Harper, July, 1858; Simms, The Partisan. 4. Battle of King's Mountain. Gilmore, The Rear-Guard of the Revolution ; Kennedy's Horse Shoe Robinson. 5. Arnold and his treason. Harper, Nov., 1861; Atlantic, Oct., 1890; Mag., March, 1880 ; Arnold's Arnold ; Lossing, The Two Spies. 6. Greene in command at the south. (ireene's Greene (G. C). 70 THE REVOLUTION I 1780-83 7. Cowpens, — Tarleton. Fiske, 11, 253-5. 8. Greene's masterly retreat. 9. Guilford and Eutaw Springs. Fiske, II, 257-268. 10. Arnold in Virginia. 11. The Yorktown campaign. Mag., Jan., July, 1880, Jan., July, Oct., Nov.. 1881 ; Har- per, Aug , 1881 ; Whittier, Yorktown ; Paulding's Old Continental. a. The French Allies. b. Washington's strategy. c. The siege and the surrender. 12. The Treaty of Paris and its provisions. Winsor, VII, ch. 2 ; Fiske, Critical Period, ch. 1 ; Morse's John Adams (A. S.), ch. 9; Harper. April. May. 1883; Mag., Nov., 1888 ; Text, Preston, 233-239. 13. The finances, — Robert Morris. Continental Money, Harper, March, 1863 ; Atlantic, Nov., 1864, Nov , 1890. On Morris see Stevens' Gallatin (A. S.), 177-9. 14. The Tories after the war. Winsor, VII, 185-214 ; McMaster, I, ch. 2 ; New England Mag , May, 1891 ; Ogden, A Loyal Little Redcoat. 15. Extent of territory in 1783. Epoch Maps, Nos. 5, 6 ; MacCoun. Historical Geography of the United States. 72 THE REVOLUTION : 1780-83 Search questions. — What battles did Washington win ? Why did Greene's defeats have the effect of victories ? Why did the French allies give no real aid till the Yorktown cam- paign ? Why was the treaty of peace so long delayed after the war was practically over ? What became of the traitor Arnold ? What other prominent Americans were traitors to the American cause ? Who, next to Washington, is regarded as the greatest general of the Revolution ? AVhat did the English government do for the loyalists after the Revolution ? V. THE PERIOD OF WEAKNESS General references for the period. — Fiske, Critical Period of American History (published in substance first in Atlantic, for 1886-7, as referred to below) ; Hart, Formation of the Union, ch. 5 ; Winsor, VII, ch. 3-5 ; McMaster, I ; Walker, The Making of the Nation, ch. 1-4 ; Schouler, I, ch. 1 ; Hil- dreth, III ; Bancroft, VI ; Bryant, IV, ch. 4 ; Andrews, II, 162-193 ; Fiske, American Political Ideas, II ; The Birth of a Nation, Harper, Jan., 1884; The Fallacy of 1787, Mag., Oct., 1885 ; Framers of the Constitution, Mag., April, 1885 ; Beginnings of American Nationality, J H. U., VIII ; Froth- ingham, Rise of the Republic, ch. 12. The Confederation 1. Weakness of the government, Atlantic, March, May, 1886. 2. The Army at the close of the war. Atlantic, May, 1886. o. The currency and credit. Atlantic, July, Sept., 1886. 4. Taxation, — Shays' Rebelhon. Atlantic, Sept., 1886; Harper, April, 1862. 5. The AnnapoHs Convention. Atlantic, Nov., 1886. (3. The Philadelphia Convention and its work. Atlantic, Feb, June, 1887; Century, Sept., 1887; New Princeton, Sept., 1887; Mag., Aug., 1887; text in Old South Leaflets, No. 1, American History Leaflets. No. 8, and in many school histories. (74) U^ weakness: the confederation 7. Adoptiou of the Constitution and rise of parties. Beginnings of Parties, Scribner, Jan , 1895 ; Federal and Anti-Federal. Mag., Jan., 1890; Georgia and the Constitu- tion, Mag., June, 1889 : Johnston, Connecticut (A. C). ch. 17 ; other articles on adoption in particular states in Mag., Dec, 1885, Feb., April, June, August, 1886, March, 1891. r. II-V : Sohoulor. History of the Vnited States : Hart. Formation of the Union (to 1820) : Wilson. Division and Reunion (18'^V>- 1889); Walker, flaking of the Nation; Cotlin. Building the Nation ; Bryant. IV, eh. 5-16 : Hildreth, Second series ; .Johnston. History of American Politics ; Stauwood, History of Presidential Elections ; Bolles. Financial History of the U. S. : Taussig. Tariff History ; Von Hoist, Constitutional History ; Lalor. Cyclopedia of Polijical Science, etc. Washington General references.— On Washington see Irving's and Scud- der's Lives. Ford's The Keal (rcorge AVashington, and Lodge's Washington (A. S.) : also articles in Harper, March. 1883. July. Sept.. 181H>: Century. April. 1889. May. 1890, Feb., April. 1893: Mag.. Feb.. 1889; Home of Washington. Cen- tury. Nov.. 1887 : Our Country's Cradle. Harper. Feb.. 1884 ; Society in Early Days of the Republic. Mag . Feb . 1898 ; Early Disunionists. Harper, >lay. 1803 ; Private -lournal of Wni. Maclay (first congress). 1. Tho tir^t inauguration. Harper. April. 1889- Mag.. Dec. 1888: :\[c>[aster. With the Fathers. 150-181 : Washington's Inaugurals. Old South Leartets, No. 10. '2. The tirst cabinet. Walker. 93-4. ;^, Hamilton's financial plans. Lodge's Hamilton (A. S.); Sumner's llamilttni {}>[. A.V a. Assumption of debts. (80) J UNION : WASHINGTON, 1789-97 h. The United States Bank. c. The revenue. 4. Location of the national capital. Harper, Jan., 1870 ; Mag., Jan., 1884. 5. Indian war in the northwest. Ellis, Indian Wars, cli. 22; Roosevelt, IV, ch. 1, 2 and App.; Mag., May, 1887. 6. The Whiskey Rebellion. Stevens's Gallatin (A. S.), pp. 4.5-57 and ch. 4 ; Harper, Feb., 1862; Mag., Oct., 1884. 7. Jay's Treaty and the Treaty with Spain. Pellew's Jay (A. S.) ; Winsor, VII, ch. 7. 8. Sympathy with France, — Genet. Roosevelt, Winning of the West, IV, ch, 4. 9. Invention of the cotton gin. New England Mag., May, Oct., 1890; Hale, Stories of Invention, 219-236. 10. Constitutional amendments. McMaster, With the Fathers, 182-221. 11. New States. a. The Vermont quarrel. Robinson's Vermont (A. C.) ; Heaton's Story of Vermont ; The N. H. Grants, Mag., Jan., 1882 ; Ethan Allen, Har- per, Nov., 1858; Mag., Jan., 1887; Thompson, Green Mountain Boys, The Rangers, and Locke Amsden. b. Settlement and growth of Kentucky. Harper, Oct., 1859, Oct., 1862, June, 1887, June, 1892; Mag., Oct., 1887; Sparks, Boone; Shaler's Kentucky (A. C.) ; Connelly's Story of Kentucky. 84 union: ADAMS, 1797-1801 c. Early history of Tennessee. Mag., July, 1888; On the Outposts, Harper, Feb., 1884 ; Knoxsville in Olden Times, Harper, June. 1885. On Kentucky and Tennessee see Gilmore, Rear Guard of the Revolution, John Sevier, and Advance Guard of Western Civilization, and Roosevelt, I, II, III. 12. Washington's "Farewell Address". Old South Leaflets, No 4. 13. The first census. Walker, 108. 14. The election of 1796. Search questions. — How many capitals has the United States^ had ? Was it best for the general government to assume the State debts ? What had this question to do with the location of the capital ? What essential differences between the American and the French revolutions ? What effect did Whitney's invention have upon our national history ? What was meant by " applying the beechen seal'" ? Would it be advisable to move the national capital to some more central location ? Was Hamiltous tariff protective or " for revenue only'? John Adams General references. — Mc^Master, II, ch. 10-12 ; Hildreth, Second Series, II ; Morses John Adams (A. S ) ; Familiar Letters of John and Abigail Adams ; Magruder's Marshall (A. S.); The early Presidents, Harper, March, 1884; Quiucy, Figures of the Past, 58-95 ; Walker, Making of the Nation, ch. 8. 1. Federalists and Eepnblicans. 2. Tronble with France. 8() IN ION : ADAMS, 1707-1801 a. The FroiU'h govormnent. />. The X. Y. Z. mission. Magnider's Marshall, ch. 7. ('. War with France. Maclay, History of the Navy. I. 155-21o ; Soawoll. Little Jarvis. (/. Treaty with Napoleon. 3. The Alien and Sedition laws. American History Leaflets, No. 15 ; Preston, •277--.^8'2. 4. The ^'irginia and Kentucky resolutions. Von Hoist, and Shaler's Kentneky (A. C ), App A. Text also in Preston. '283-09S. 0. The new capital. Harper. Jati.. 1870. (>. Death and character of Washington. Morse's John Adams, 13*2-4; Stevens' Gallatin. 897; Fun- eral Oration in Old South Leatiets. No. 38. 7. The election of 180\). O'Neil, American Electoral System, ch. 8 ; Stanwood. ch. 5. 8. The second census. Walker. laO. 174. Search qukstioxs. — Were any persons prosecuted under the alien and sedition laws ? What w{\s at tirst the mode of electing the president ? What was the purpose of this plan of election ? Is the present plan a better one? What are the chief objections to the present plan ? Under what cir- cumstances was "Hail! Columbia" tirst sung? Why did Napoleon wish peace with the United States ? Upon what was the early division into ]>arties based ? When was the tirst patent granteil and upon what invention '! What became 88 UNION : .IKFFEKSON, 1S01-1> of Genet after his recall ? Who called Washingtou the •'Expander of England " ? Has Raleigh's wish to plant an *' English nation " on the new continent been carried out by others ? Jefferson General References.— McMaster. II (ch. 13)-III (cli. 10) ; Hildreth. (Sec. Series) II ; H. Adams, History of the U. S.. I-IV ; Hart, Formation of the Union, ch. 9 ; Morse's Jeffer- son (A. S.) ; Schouler's JetTer^on(M. A.) ; Adams's Randolph (A. S.) : Stevens's Gallatin (A. S.) ; Wirt, British Spy ; The Early President*. Harper, March. 1884; Mrs. Stowe. The Minister's Wooing ; Harper. Aug.. 1871. May. 1883; Mag., April. 1885 ; Century. Sept.. 188T ; Walker, Making the Nation, rh. U, 10. 1. War with 'I'ripoli. Maclay. History of the ^^a\y. '214-80*2. ■J. 'The puivhaso o\' Louisiana. .Morses .lelVersou ; King's Lemoine ^M. A.) ; Thompsons Story of Louisiana ; Roosevelt, Winning of the West, IV, ch t> : Drake. Great West, 184-197 ; Cable in Cen- tury . Jan. 10 ,1 ul y , 1 883 . o. Hamilton and Burr. Atlantic. Jan., 1887 ; Mag., Nov. Dec. 1887. 4. Napoleon's - Decrees" and British "Orders in Council ". Hart. 101-0. 5. The Embargo. Hart. 10'2-8. (>. Abolition of the slave trade. Han. -237. 7. The tirst steamboat. — Fulton. 90 UNION : MADISON. 1809-17 Hale, Stories of luvention ; Thurston's Fulton (M. A.) ; Sparks, Fulton, and Fitch ; Century, Aug , 1881. 8. Lewis and Clark's expedition. Roosevelt, IV, ch. 7 : Old South Leaflets, No. 44. 9. Burr's conspiracy. Magruder's Marshall, ch. 11 ; Roosevelt, IT, ch. 6 ; Har- per, June, 1863, Jan., 1892 : Bynner, Zachary Phips. 10. The twelfth amendment. Walker, 168-9. 11. Ohio admitted, — early history. King's Ohio (A. C.) ; Black's Story of Ohio ; Pioneers of Ohio, Atlantic, Oct , 1888 ; Earliest settlement, Harper, Sept., 1885; Marietta, Mag., Sept., 1888; also Mag., April, 1881, March. 1888. Constitution, etc., of Ohio, Old South Leaflets, Nos. 14, 40. 12. Election of 1808. Search questions. — What colonies at first claimed Ohio ? Had the government any legal right to buy Louisiana ? Was it good policy ? What were the boundaries of the Louisana purchase ? What effect had Hamilton's death upon duel- ling ? What does the constitution say of the slave trade ? Who had moved boats by steam before Fulton's time ? Was the embargo gooii public policy ? What else could the United States have done ? Would war have been better ? Why ? Madison General references. — McMaster, HI-IY (ch.20-32) ; Wiusor, VII, ch. 6 ; Hildreth (Sec. Series), III ; Hart, Formation of the Union, ch. 10; Walker, Making of the Nation, ch. 11, 12, 13 ; H. Adams, History of the United States, Y-IX ; Johnson, War of 1812 ; Roosevelt, Naval War of 1812 ; Maclay, History of the Navy, I ; Abbot. Blue Jackets of 1812 : Series of articles in Harper, May, 1863 to Jan., 1865 ; 92 UNION : MADISON, 1809-17 Gay's Madison (A, S.) ; Schurz's Clay (A. S.) ; Harper, Jan., 1862, April, 1884; Seawell, Midshipman Paulding ; Eggles- ton, Capt. Sam, Signal Boys, Big Brother. 1. Causes of the second war of independence. Mag., May, 1893; Hart, 206. a. The right of search. h. Impressment of seamen. c. Blockade of our coast. d. The western forts. Mag., Sept., 1892 ; A. H. A., 1894, 413-444. e. Indian troubles. 2. War with Tecumseh, — Tippecanoe. Ellis, Indian Wars, ch. 23, 24. 5. Events of 1812. a. Declaration of war. b. Surrender of Detroit, Mag., May, 1892; Harper, May, 1863; Cooley's Michigan (A. C), ch. 9. c. Battle of Queenstown. d. War on the water. 4. Events of 1813. a. Plan of campaign. h. Perry's victory. Maclay, I, 492-520 ; Roosevelt, 254-281. c. Battle of the Thames. d. Other naval battles. 5. Events of 1814-5. a. Chippewa and Lundy's Lane. Scott in war of 1812, Harper, Sept., 1861. 94 UNION : MADISON, 1809-17 h. McDonough's victory. Roosevelt, 375-399. c. Campaign against Washington. Bladensburg, Mag., Nov., 1885, Jan., 1886. d. New Orleans. 6. Treaty of Ghent, — Results of the war. Winsor, VII, ch. 7 ; Mag., Nov., 1888 ; Stevens' Gallatin, 313-340. 7. War with the Creeks. Ellis, Indian Wars, ch. 25 ; McMaster, IV, 158-172. 8. The Hartford Convention. McMaster, IV, 215-252 : Harper, July, 1863. ' . 9. War with Algiers. McMaster, IV, 351-6. 10. New States, — Louisiana and Indiana. La., Mag., Sept., 1883; Ind., Dunn's Indiana (A. C.) ; Mag. , May, 1889 ; Eggleston, The Hoosier Schoolmaster, The Circuit Rider. 11. The Colonization Society. Wilson, Slave Power, ch. 15 ; America in Africa, North American, July, Nov., 1877 ; McMaster, IV, 555-569. 12. The tariff of 1816. McMaster, IV, 336 ff. 13. The third census. 14. The election of 1816. Search questions. — What were the two theories as to natural- ization of foreigners ? Why had some western forts been held by the British ? Was Hull a traitor at Detroit ? What was the comparative strength of the English and American navies in this war ? How are we to explain the superiority 96 UNION : MONROE, 1817-25 of the Americans ? What was the " Order of the Cincin- nati " ? What States were represented in the Hartford Convention ? Why did many slaveholders favor the colon- ization scheme ? Under what circumstances was " The Star Spangled Banner" Avritten ? What battle would have been prevented if there had been an x^tlantic cable in Madison's time ? What American city was first lighted by gas ? What navy may our government keep on the great lakes ? Monroe General references.— McMaster, IV, ch. 32-39 ; Hildreth (Sec. Series), III ; Sargent, Public Men and Events, ch. 1 ; The Era of Good Feeling, Harper, May, 1884 ; Monroe and the Rhea letter, Mag., Sept., 1883 ; Gilman's Monroe (A. S.); Hart, Formation of the Union, ch. 11 ; Morse's J. Q. Adams (A. S.); for life in Alrginia at this period see Kennedy's Swallow" Barn. 1. The slavery question. 2. The Missouri compromise. McMaster, IV, 570-601 ; A. H. A., 1893, 251-297. 3. LaFayette's visit. 3Iag., May, 1881, Sept., 1883, Dec, 1887 ; Quincy, Figures of the Past. 101-156. 4. The Monroe Doctrine. American History Leaflets, ISTo. 4. 5. War with the Seminoles. Ellis, Indian AYars. ch. 27. 6. Cession of Florida. Mag., April, 1888; 3IcMaster, IV, 478-483. 7. The Erie canal and national roads. Roberts, Is'ew York (A. C), ch. 30 ; Roosevelt, G. Morris (A. S.), 339-40 ; Scribner, Nov., 1877; The Old National Pike, Harper, Nov., 1879. 98 UNION : J. Q. ADAMS. 182.5-*29 8. New States, — Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama, Maine, Missouri. Lowery & McCardle's ^Mississippi ; Edwards's Illinois ; Pickett" s Alabama ; Williamson's Maine ; Carr's Missouri (A. C ). 9. The election of 1824. Stanwood, ch. 11. 10. The fourth census. 11. First transatlantic steamboat voyage. Harper, Feb., 1877. Search questions. — What important ottices had Monroe held before he became president ? To what nations had Florida successively belonged ? Who were the '' ^[aroons" ? What has been the effect of the Erie canal upon the growth of Xew York State? What was the "American System"? What party favored it? What party holds the same general pnn- ciple to-day ? From what original territory had the new States been formed? Why did national road-building so soon cease ? Who originated the ^Louroe Doctrine ? John Quincy Adams General references. — Morse's J. Q. Adams (A. S ), and the vols, on Jackson, Benton, Van Buren, Webster, and Clay in the same series ; Seward's J. Q. Adams ; Sargent, Public Men and Events, ch. 3 : Benton, Thirty Years' View ; Prick- ing an Historical Bubble, 3Iag., July, 1882 ; The Great West- ern March, Harper, June, 1S84 : America in 18'28, Mag.. April, 3Iay, 1888; Travelling in New York in 18--29, Mag., Oct., Nov.. 1888. 1. Death of Adams and Jefferson. Webster's Eulogy. 2. New parties and their principles. 3. The tariff of abominations. Hart, 357-8. 100 UNION : JACKSON, 1829-37 4. First railroad in the United States. 3Iag., June, 1891. 5. Georgia and the Cherokees. Schouler, III, 477-480. 6. Progress of temperance. Coffin, Building the Nation, '271-281. 7. Election of 1828. Roosevelt's Benton (A. S.), ch. 4. Search questions. — What is the meaning and origin of the word "tariff" ? Who invented the locomotive ? Who was "The Mill Boy of the Slashes"? What prominent Amer- ican statesmen were of foreign birth ? By the constitution could any one of them have been made president ? Jackson General references. — Sumner's Jackson (A. S.) ; Parton's Jackson (G. C.) ; Old Hickory, Harper, July, 1884 ; Sargent, Public Men and Events, ch. 3, 4 ; Wilson, Division and Reunion, ch. 1-3; Mag., Feb., 1885; Harper, Jan., 1855, American Statesman series, — volumes on J. Q. Adams, Ben- ton, Cass, Clay, Webster, Calhoun, Van Bureu. Benton, Thirty Years' Yiew. 1. Financial affairs. Lodge's Webster, ch. 7 ; Roosevelt's Benton, ch. 6, 7. 0. The United States Bank. b. Removal of the deposits. c. The national debt. 2. Calhoun and State sovereignty. Union. Secession, Abolition, Mag., Sept., 1887 ; Yon Hoist's Calhoun. 3. Nullification. 102 UNION : JACKSON, 1829-37 Roosevelt's Benton, ch. 5 ; Harper, August, 1862 ; Text of ordinance, Preston, 299-303. a. The causes. b. Jackson's proclamation. c. The Webster-Hayne debate. Lodge's Webster, ch. 6. d. Clay's compromise. Schurz's Clay. 4. Indian Wars, — Black Hawk, Seminole. Ellis, Indian Wars, ch. 28-32. 5. Indian Territory established. Mag., June, 1883 ; An Unknown Nation, Harper, March, 1888. 6. The abolition movement, — Garrison. Century, Aug., 1885 ; Roosevelt's Benton, ch. 8 ; Atlantic, Jan., 1886; Connecticut in the Middle Ages, Century, Sept., 1885; Garrison's Garrison; Whittier, Voices of Freedom. 7. Nat. Turner's insurrection. Atlantic, Aug., 1861; Mag., June, 1891; James, The Old Dominion. 8. Beginning of the " Spoils System ". Roosevelt's Benton, ch. 4. 9. The Anti-Masons, — first national convention. Roberts, New York (A. C), ch. 23; Sumner's Jackson, 254-5. 10. New States, — Arkansas, Michigan. Cooley's Michigan (A. C.) ; Mag., Dec, 1890. 11. Improvements and inventions. a. Growth of the railroad system. 104 UNION : VAN BUREN, 1837-41 Schouler, lY, 125-131. h. The screw propeller. Screw propulsion, Atlantic, March, 1860. c. The reaper. d. Colt's revolver. e. Use of anthracite coal. 12. The fifth census. 13. Elections of 1832 and 1836. Search questions. — What was the " Kitchen Cabinet" ? What was the '•Albany Regency" ? In what State did the spoils system grow up? Who was called "Old Bullion" and why ? Who was three times defeated for president ? How many vice-presidents have resigned that office ? How far back can the nulification doctrine be traced in our history ? Is Van Hoist right in speaking of the "reign of Andrew Jackson ? " Why ? Van Buren General references. — Shepard's Van Buren and other "American Statesmen" as given under "Jackson". Sar- gent. Public Men and Events, ch. o ; Wilson, Division and Reunion, ch. 4. 1. The financial panic of 1837. Roosevelt's Benton, ch. 9 ; Schouler. IV, 276 ff. 324 ff. a. The causes. b. '' Wild-cat " banking. c. Legislation of Congress. d. The Sub-Treasury bill. €. Repudiation of State debts. 2. The Canadian rebellion, — affair of the '' Caro- line ". Roberts, New York (A. C), 590 ff. 106 UNION : VAN BUREN, 1887-41 3. The slavery agitation. Goodell, Slavery and Anti-Slavery. a. Riots, — Lovejoy, Wendell Phillips. New England Magazine, May, 1891. h. The right of petition, — J. Q. Adams. Morse's J. Q. Adams. 4. The rise of the Mormons. Coffin, Building the Nation, ch. 32 ; Harper, April, 1853. 5. The northeast boundary dispute. Schouler, IV, 316-9. 6. Improvements. a. Vulcanized rubber. Charles Goodyear, North American, July, 1865. h. The first express company. An American Enterprise, Harper, August, 1875. c. Friction matches. 7. The sixth census. 8. The election of 1840. Search questions. — What English sovereign was crowned the year Van Buren became president ? When was Bunker Hill monument begun and completed ? What was the " Under- ground Railroad " ? What State first abolished slavery within its limits ? What other States abolished slavery before the constitution went into effect ? What was the feeling of southern leaders in regard to slavery at the beginning of the century ? What was Jefferson's view ? How did the south come to recognize slavery as a " divine institution " ? When and where was the first Normal school organized ? 108 UNION : HARRISON AND TYLER, 1841-45 W. H. Harrison and Tyler General, references. — "American Statesmea", as given under "Jackson"; Sargent, Public Men and Events, ch. 6. 1. Death of President Harrison. 2. Tyler and the Whigs,— The United States Bank. Roosevelt's Benton, ch. 11. 3. The Dorr War in Rhod« Island. New Princeton Review, Sept., 1887; N-ew England Maga- zine, June, 1890 ; A. H. A., 1894, 861-370. 4. The Webster-Ashburton treaty. Lodge's Webster, ch. 8 ; American view, North American, April, 1843 ; English views, Fraser's Magazine, Nov., 1842, March, 1843. 5. The Anti-Renters. Roberts, New York {A. C), ch. 3); New Englander, Jan., 1846. 6. Extradition treaty with England. Century, August, 1884. 7. The tariff of 1842. Wilson, Division and Reunion, 139-140. 8. The annexation of Texas. Roosevelt's Benton, ch. 13 ; Mag., June, 1882, July, 1883, March, 1893. a. The Republic of Texas. Smith, Reminiscences of the Texas Republic. b. Sam Houston. Mag., Nov., 1883; Century, Aug., 1S84 ; Bruce's Hous- ton, (M. A.). 110 UNION : POLK, 1845-49 9. Admission of Florida. Mag., Jan., 1892 ; Fairbanks, History of Florida. 10. Morse and the telegraph. Century, April, 1888. 11. Oregon and Dr. Whitman. Coffin, Building the Nation, ch. 27; Barrows, Oregon (A. C); Mag., Oct., 1886; Harper, Nov., 1892; Valley of Many Waters, Mag , Sept , 1884; New England Maga- zine, June, 1892. 12. Election of 1844. Nicolay and Hay, Lincoln ; A History, Century, January, 1887. Search questions. — What nations at different times put forth claims to Oregon ? Upon what was the American claim based? What is an " accidental president"? What new party appeared in 1840 ? What crimes were covered by the first extradition treaty ? What beside the Maine boundary was settled by the Webster-Ashburton treaty ? What was the first message sent by telegraph ? Polk General references. — Wilson, Division and Reunion ; Gold- win Smith, The United States ; Benton, Thirty Years' View ; Grant's Memoirs, I, 50-174 ; Sargent, Public Men and Events, ch. 7 ; Lowell, Biglow Papers, 1st series ; "American States- men" as under "Jackson" ; Polk's Diary. Atlantic. Aug., Sept., 1895. 1. The Mexican War. Jay, Review of the Mexican War ; Wilcox, Mexican War ; Mag., Dec, 1895. a. Causes, real and apparent. h. The three campaigns. Ladd, Story of New Mexico, ch. 1(5. 112 union: polk, 1845-49 c. The generals aud principal battles. Taylor's Battles, Harper, July, 1855 ; Howard's Taylor (G. C); Scott's Battles, Harper, Aug., 1855; AYright's Scott (G. C); Buena Vista, Mag., Dec, 1879 ; Whlttier, Angels of Buena Vista. d. The treaty and its provisions. Scribner, October, 1878. e. The acquired territory. Epoch maps, Nos. 7, 8. 2. Fremont on the Pacific coast. Koyce's California (A. C.) ; Mag., September, 1887. 3. The Wihnot proviso. Wilson, Division and Reunion, 153-6 ; Schouler, IV, 543. 4. The Oregon boundary question. Roosevelt's Benton, ch. 12. 5. Discovery of Gold in CaUfornia. Stillman, Seeking the Golden Fleece ; Munroe, Golden Days of 1849 ; Early California history. Century, Aug., 1890 to Feb., 1892. 6. The tariff of 1846. Wilson, 154. 7. New States, — Texas, Iowa, Wisconsin. On Texas, Mag., August, 1883; Baker, History of Texas. On Iowa, Mag., June, 1889; Tuttle & Durrie, History of Iowa. On Wisconsin, Tuttle, History of Wisconsin. 8. The Smithsonian Institution. North American, October, 1854. 9. The Interior department. Schouler. V, 120-1. 114 UNION : TAYLOR AND FILLMORE, 1849-53 10. Discoveries and iuventions. a. The sewing machine. Atlantic, May, 1867 ; Galaxy, August, 1867. b. The cylinder press. c. The use of ether. McClure, Sept., 1896; Atlantic. Nov., 1896. 11. The election of 1848. Search questions. — When was the navy department created ? What two cabinet officers were killed by the bursting of a cannon ? How does Texas compare in size with the original thirteen States ? What general left his wooden leg on the battlefield? When was the old "Liberty Bell" cracked? What were Lincoln's "Spot Resolutions"? What was meant by "fifty-four forty, or fight"? What was the nature of the tariff of 1846 ? Taylor and Fillmore General references. — Rhodes, I, ch. 1-4 ; Roosevelt's Ben- ton, ch. 14, 15 ; Sargent, Public Men and Events, ch. 8, 9 ; ' ' American Statesmen " as under ' ' Jackson ". On Fillmore, Frost, Lives of the Presidents, 387-392. 1. Controversy on admission of California. Royce, California (A. C). 2. The compromises of 1850. Schurz's Clay, II. 315-373 ; Lodge's Webster, ch. 9; Mc- Laughlin's Cass, ch. 9 ; Harper, March, 1877. 3. Death of President Taylor. Frost, Lives of the Presidents, 355-386. 4. Clayton-Bulwer treaty with England. Schouler, V, 174-7. 116 UNION : PIERCE, 1853-57 5. The filibusters, — Lopez and Walker. Schoiiler, V, 214 ff, 297, 341. 6. The Fugitive Slave law. Coffin, Building the Nation, 399-407 7. Death of Calhoun, Clay, and Webster. Von Hoist's Calhoun ; on Clay, Schurz's Clay, Sargent's Clay, and Mag., July, 1886; on Webster, Lodge's Web- ster, Curtis's Webster, Webster's "Great Speeches", and Mag., Oct., 1887, Scribner, July, 1876, Century, Feb., 1882, March, 1885. 8. Changes in parties, — election of 1852. Stan wood, ch. 18. 9. Seventh census. Search questions. — What was done with the " deposits" after Jackson ordered their removal ? Who was " Old Rough and Ready " ? What was the " Hard Cider Campaign" ? What was the motive of many southerners in wishing for Cuban independence ? Is the annexation of Cuba to the United States now desirable ? Looking at the slavery controversy does it seem true that "no question is settled till it is settled right" ? Pierce General references. — Hawthorne, Life of Pierce ; Frost, Lives of the Presidents, 393-404 ; Sargent, Public Men and Events ; Rhodes, I, ch. 5-8. 1. Treaty with Japan. Matthew C. Perry, Mag., 1885 ; Griffis, Life of Perry ; Harper, March, May, 1856 ; Townsend Harris, Atlantic, Aug., 1892. 2. The Gadsden purchase. Wilson, Division and Reunion, 189 ; Epoch maps. Nos. 6, 7. 3. Kansas-Nebraska act. 118 union: pierce, 1853-57 McLaughlin's Ca«s (A. S.) ch. 10; American History Leaf- lets, No. 17; Lincoln's Lost Speech, McClure, Sept., 1896. 4. The Kansas struggle. Spring's Kansas (A. C.) ; Carr's Missouri (A. C), 241-250 ; Thayer, The Kansas Crusade ; Lincoln History, Century, May, July, 1887 ; Cosmopolitan, May, 1894 ; A. H. A., 1894, 213-226. 5. Rise of the Republican party. 6. The Ostend Manifesto. American History Leaflets, No. 2. 7. Assault on Sumner. North American, January, 1878; Dawes's Sumner (M. A.); Lincoln History, Century, June, 1887. 8. The '' Know Nothings ". McMaster, With the Fathers, 87-106. 9. The election of 1856. Stan wood, eh. 19. Search QUESTIONS. — What is meant by "squatter sovereignty " ? Who was the author of the theory ? Who was its chief advocate? Who were the "Barnburners"? the "Hunk- ers"? the " Locof ocos " ? Who was known as the "old man eloquent" ? What form of "Know Nothing" doctrine has appeared in our own time ? How much territory was added to our soil by the Gadsden purchase ? What was the original doctrine of the Republican party on the question of slavery ? When did it become an abolition party ? VII. THE PERIOD OF DISUNION General references.— Histories of the Civil War by Comte de Paris, Draper, Greeley, R. Johnson, A. H. Stephens, and Pollard, Dodge's Bird's-Eye View of the War, and the two series, " Campaigns of the Civil War" and "The Navy in the Civil War " ; personal memoirs by Grant, Sherman, Sheridan, McClellan, J. E. Johnston, Hood, and Longstreet ; Blaine's Twenty Years in Congress ; Eggleston's A Rebel's Recollections ; Davis's Rise and Fall of the Confederate Gov- ernment ; Cooke's Lives of Lee and Jackson ; Nicolay and Hay's Lincoln, VI-X. The extensive work, "Battles and Leaders of the Civil War ", was originally published, in great part, in the Century. It has seemed best to retain the references to the magazine as likely to be more convenient to some who will use this book. For young readers, — Abbot, Battlefields of 1861 ; Champ- lin. Young Folks' History of the War ; Coffin, Drum Beats, Following the Fhig, Freedom Triumphant, Marching to Victory, and Redeeming the Republic ; Abbot, Blue Jackets of 1861 ; Soley, Sailor Boys of 1861 ; Goss, Recollections of a Private. Stories of war times. — Coffin, Winning his Way ; Cooke, Wearing of the Gray ; Henty, With Lee in Virginia ; Goss, Jed ; Hosmer, The Color Guard ; Trowbridge, Cud jo's Cave, and The Three Scouts ; Page, Among the Camps, and Two Little Confederates ; Austin, Dora Darling ; Davis, In War Times. Buchanan General references. — Bryant, IV, ch. 16-23 ; Rhodes, II, ch. 9-11 ; Schouler, V ; Davis, Rise and Fall, I, II ; Blaine, I ; Nicolay and Hay, II-V ; Wilson, Division and Reunion ; (120) 122 DISUNION : BUCHANAN, 1857-61 Olmstead. The Cotton Kingdom. On Buchanan and his course, see Harper, January, 1884; Century, Dec, 1881; Mag., May, 1883. 1. The Dred Scott decision. Century, June, 1887 ; American History Leaflets, No. 23. 2. Personal Liberty laws. Nicolay and Hay, III, ch. 2. 3. John Brown's raid. Sanborn's John Brown ; Century, July, 1883, June, 1885, August, 1887 ; Atlantic, Feb., 1886 ; North American, Nov., 1883 ; Feb. , 1884 ; Whittier, Brown of Osawatomie ; Sted- man. How Old Brown took Harper's Ferry ; A. H. A., 1890,; 439-452. 4. The Lincoln-Douglas debate. Century, July, 1887. 5. The four candidates in 1860. Nomination of Lincoln, Century, Oct., 1883, Sept., 1887 ; North American, March, 1884; Scribner, Nov., 1893; Charleston Convention, Century, Aug., 1887; Mag., Aug., 1885; Baltimore Convention, Mag., Jan., 1887. 6. State of feeling in the two sections. The Border State Men, Atlantic, Feb., 1892; Creed of the Old South, Atlantic, Jan., 1892; Why the Men of 1861 Fought for the Union, Atlantic, March, 1893 ; Peculiar- ities of the South, North American, Oct., 1890. a. The doctrine of State sovereignty. b. The effects of slavery. c. Southern sentiment. d. Sentiment at the north. 7. Secession of seven States. 124 DISUNION : LINCOLN, 1861 Ordinances, American History Leaflets, No. 12 ; Preston, 304-313. 8. The Confederate States of America. The Fallacy of 1860, Mag., April, 1888 ; Confederate Con- stitution (text), in Lalor's Cyclopaedia. 9. Seizure of forts and arsenals, — Fort Sumter. Battles and Leaders, I, 40-83. 10. Mormon troubles. 11. Admission of Minnesota, Oregon, and Kansas. Neill's History of Minnesota; Barrows's Oregon (A. C.) ; Spring's Kansas (A. C). 12. Railroads and the panic of 1857. 13. Oil discovered in Pennsylvania. Harper, Dec, 1864, April, 1865, Oct., 1890. 14. Eighth census. Search questions. — "John Brown's body lies mouldering in the grave ",— where ? (Important, a New York Regents' ques- tion.) What caused the split in the Democratic party in 1860 ? With whom did the State sovereignty doctrine orig- inate ? Who were the "doughfaces" ? the "Copperheads" ? What was the effect of the Dred Scott decision upon pre- vious slavery legislation ? How large a portion of the south- ern people were in favor of secession ? Lincoln— 1861 General references. — On Lincoln, see Lives by Raymond, Herndon, Morse (A C), Nicolay and Hay, Tarbell ("Early Life", and continued in McClure's Magazine for 1895-6), Brooks (Century, Nov., 1894 to May, 1895), and Eggleston's story, "The Graysons". On opening of the war, Mag., July to Sept., 1886. Whittier, In War Time ; Lowell, Big- low Papers, second series ; Mrs. Howe's Battle Hymn ; Rhodes, Vol. Ill (ends with 1862) ; John Sherman's Recol- lections. 126 DISUNION : LINCOLN, 1861 1. The task and the man. Inaugurals, etc., Old South Leaflets, No. 11, American History Leaflets, Nos. 18, 36. Lincoln as Commander in Chief, McClure, Feb., 1895; also Century, Dec. , 1887, Jan., 1888. 2. The causes of the war. 3. Capture of Fort Sumter, — its effect on the north. 4. Call to arms. Century, March, 1888. 5. Secession of four more States. 6. Attitude of foreign governments. 7. The Baltimore mob. Mag., Sept., 1885; Century, April, 1888. 8. The campaigns in Virginia. Century, Nov., 1884. a. McClellan in West Virginia. h. '' On to Richmond ",— Bull Run. c. Ball's Bluff. 9. The Trent affair. Mag., March, June, 1886. 10. Blockade of southern ports, — the navy. Additional references to naval affairs, Boynton, Navy dur- ing the Rebellion ; Scharf , Confederate States Navy. 11. Hatteras Inlet and Port Royal. Mag., Oct., 1885. Search questions. — Why did not the four States secede with the seven ? What advantage to the south to recognize them as " belligerents " ? What especially hindered the success of the union forces and plans at first ? Which side had actively 128 DISUNION : LINCOLN, 1862 and carefully prepared for war ? In what ways ? When has a government the right to stop and search a neutral vessel at sea ? Does this right apply to vessels of war, or to merchant ships, or to both ? Was the violation of interna- tional law then in stopping the Trent, or in removing Mason and Slidell ? Lincoln,— 1862 General references. — On A. S. Johnston, Century, Feb., 1885. On McClellan, Century, July, August, 1885, May, 1886, Atlantic, July, 1892. As before noted the references to the war articles in the Century are retained, though they are published in book form with additions in "Battles and Leaders of the Civil War". If available, consult the latter. 1. Situation and plan of operations. Epoch Maps, No. 13 (No. 4, in Wilson's Division and Reunion). 2. Campaigns in the west. Century, August, 1888. a. Forts Henry and Donelson. Century, Dec, 1884; Mag., Jan., 1886. b. Shiloh. Century, Feb., 1885, March, 1886; Mag., March, May, 1886. c. Bragg's expedition, — Perryville. Battles and Leaders, III, 1-61. d. Ink a and Corinth. Century, Oct.. 1886. e. Murfreesboro. Battles and Leaders, III, 613-634. /. Affairs in Missouri, — Pea Ridge. Battles and Leaders, I, 262-334. 130 DISUNION : LINCOLN, 1863 3. War on the coast. a. Capture of New Orleans. Century, April, 1885, July, 1886; Harper, Aug., 1866; Abbot, Blue Jackets, ch. 13. b. Seaboard nearly all in Union hands. c. The Monitor and the Merrimac. Century, March, 1885 ; Mag., Jan., 1885; Abbot, ch. 9. 4. Campaigns in the east. a. McClellan's Peninsular Campaign. Century, May, 1885 ; May, 1886. b. Lee against Pope. Century, Jan., Feb., 1886. c. Invasion of Maryland, — Antietam. Century, June, 1886. d. Biirnside at Fredericksburg. Century, Aug., Sept., 1886; Mag., June, 1887. 5. War with the Sioux. Harper, June, 1863; Ellis, Indian Wars, ch. 34-36. 6. The Homestead law. Search questions. — What is a " paper blockade" ? What was the fate of the Monitor ? Where had McClellan received his military education ? To what shall we attribute his failure to capture Richmond ? Why did not the remaining slave States secede ? What reason is there to think that Lincoln would have made a successful general, given training and opportunity ? Lincoln,— 1863 1. Emancipation, — ^the two proclamations. North American, Feb., 1880; Preston, 313-5; Old South Leaflets, No. 11. 132 DISUNION : LINCOLN, 1863 2. Situation at the beginning of 1863. 3. Grant at Vicksburg, — the Mississippi opened. Century., Sept., 1885; Mag., Dec, 1885. Opening the Mississippi, Century, Jan., April, 1885; Harper, Jan., 1865 ; Abbot, Blue Jackets, ch. 15, 16. 4. War in the west. Century, Nov., 1885 ; Mistakes of Grant, North American, Dec, 1885. a. Chickamauga. Century, April, 1887. h. Chattanooga. Century, May, 1887. 5. War in the east. Century, Sept., 1886; Mag., April, 1886. a. Chancellorsville. Century, Sept., 1886. h. Invasion of Pennsylvania, — Gettysburg. Century, Nov., Dec, 1886, Jan., Feb., 1887; Pickett's Charge, Mag., July, 1887. 6. Fort Wagner. Nicolay and Hay, VII, ch. 15. 7. The draft. Nicolay and Hay, VII, 17-36 : Roberts, New York (A. C), ch. 37. 8. The French in Mexico. Harper, October, 1868. 9. National banking system established. Scribner, Feb., 1872; North American, Jan., 1887. 134 DISUNION : LINCOLN, 1864 Search questions. — What was the effect of the Emancipation proclamation ? Did it abolish slavery ? What right had Lincoln to free the slaves by proclamation ? What effect had the draft on the number added to the army ? Should the money paid by drafted men be restored to them ? What was the nature of the Morrill tariff of 1861 ? Was this in line with the policy pursued since 1846 ? What is the story of the origin of the colleges of agriculture and mechanic arts ? How came the negroes to be called " contrabands" ? Has any one ever been executed for treason in the United States ? Lincoln,— 1864 1. Grant commander-in-chief. Century, May, 1885. 2. Situation and plan of action. 3. War in the west. a. The Atlanta campaign. Century, July, August, 1887. b. Hood's invasion of Tennessee. Century, August, 1887. c. Sherman's " March to the Sea". Harper, Oct., 1865; Nichols's Story of the Great March. d. Red River expedition. Century, Sept., 1887. 4. War in Virginia. Century, Feb., 1884. a. The Wilderness, Spottsylvania, and Cold Harbor. Century, June. 1887. 136 DISUNION : LINCOLN, 1865 h. Petersburg. Century, Sept., 1887. c. Early and Sheridan in the Shenandoah. Battles and Leaders, IV, 492-532 ; Read's Sheridan's Ride. 5. War on the coast. The Monitors, Century, Dec, 1885. a. Mobile Bay. Abbot, Blue Jackets, ch. 18 ; Mahan's Farragut (G. C). h. Fort Fisher. Battles and Leaders, IV, 642-663. c. The blockade. 6. The Confederate cruisers. Century, April, 1886 ; Abbot, ch. 11 ; Battles and Leaders, IV, 595-642. 7. The election of 1864. Seaech questions. — When did the banks suspend specie pay- ments ? Who was commander-in-chief of the army when the war broke out ? Who were the successive commanders of the Army of the Potomac ? Why did we have no specie in circulation during and after the war ? What had become of it ? What makes our present silver dollar pass the same as a gold dollar now ? By stamping a piece of silver or gold at its mint does the government determine the value of the coin ? Lincoln, 1 865,— Close of the War General references. — Review of the war, — Grand Strategy of the War, Century, Feb., 1888 ; The Songs of the War, Century, Aug., 1887; Our Visit to Richmond, Atlantic, Sept., 1864, and a Suppressed Chapter of History, Atlantic, April, 1887 ; Turning Points of the War, A. H. A. , 1894, 39-53. Treatment of Prisoners, Century, March, 1888 ; 138 DISUNION : LINCOLN, 1865 Harper, July, 1865 ; Nicolay and Hay, VII, ch. 16 ; Ander- son ville, Century, July, Aug., Nov., 1890; Cold Cheer at Camp Morton, Century, April, 1890, Sept., 1891. The lead- ers, — Lee, Century, April, 1888, Lee's Lee (G. C), Cooke's Lee; Grant, Harper, Sept., 1885, Mag., Oct., 1885, McClure, May, 1894; Sherman, Century, Jan., 1884, Atlantic, Aug., 1891 ; Stonewall Jackson, Century, Oct., 1886, Harper, Nov., 1891, Cooke's Jackson ; Sheridan, Century, Feb., 1884 ; Dix, Atlantic, Aug., 1883, Mag., Aug., 1885; Lincoln and Grant, Century, Oct., 1885 ; also Johnston's A. H, Stephens ; Cop- pee's Thomas (G. C.) ; Walker's Hancock (G. C.) ; Hughes's J. E. Johnston (G. C.) ; Davie's Sheridan (G. C). Sanitary Commission, Atlantic, April, 1867, North American, Jan., April, 1864. Christian Commission, Moss's History of the Christian Commission. 1. Situation at the beginning of 1865. 2. Sherman's march northward. Last chance of the Confederacy, Atlantic, Sept., 1882. 3. Five Forks. — Richmond evacuated. Century, Nov., 1887. 4. Surrender at Appomattox. Battles and Leaders, IV, 728-746. . 5. Capture of Jefferson Davis. Century, Nov., 1883 ; Feb., 1890 ; Mag., May, June, 1886; Bailing of Davis, Century, Feb., 1887. 6. The disbanding of the armies. Nicolay and Hay, X, ch. 17. 7. Assassination of Lincoln. Nicolay and Hay, X, ch. 14, 15 ; Pursuit of Booth, Cen- tury, Jan., 1890 ; See also Lowell, Among my Books. 8. Review of the war. a. The great campaigns. 140 DISUNION : LINCOLN, 1865 h. The leading generals. c. Cost of the war. d. Number engaged on both sides. e. Treatment of prisoners. /. Negro troops in the war. g. Results of the struggle. h. Sanitary and Christian Commissions. 9. Admission of West Virginia and Nevada. Parker's Formation of West Virginia ; Powell's Nevada. 10. The Freedman's Bureau. Search questions — What were the terms given to Lee and his army at Appomattox ? Did the other rebel armies surrender on as favorable terms ? Was Jefferson Davis ready to give up the struggle after the loss of Richmond ? What was his plan ? How was Lincoln regarded by the southern people at the close of the war ? How at the beginning ? Should the secession leaders have been punished more severely ? What State was first called Kanawha ? Where was the State of Franklin ? What was Jefferson's scheme for ten States to be formed from the Northwest territory ? What names were to be given to them ? VIIL THE PERIOD OF REUNION GENERAIi REFERENCES FOR THE PERIOD. — WilsOtl, DivisiOEL and Reunion, 253-299 ; Grant's Memoirs ; John Sherman's Recol- lections ; Blaine, Twenty Years in Congress (to 1881) ; An- drews, IV, 182-391 ; same author's Last Quarter-Century (first published in Scribner, 1895-6) ; Review of Reviews, North American, Forum, Nation, and other periodicals. Cyclopaedic Review of Current History, from 1890. Johnson General References. — On Johnson, Mag., July, 1888 ; Frost, Lives of the Presidents, 481-474. On Stanton, Century, March, 1887. See also Tourgee, A Fool's Errand, North American, Jan., April, 1866; New Englander, Oct., 1866. 1. Reconstruction. Mag., Sept., 1888; Lowell, Political Essays, 177-294; Lalor's Cyclopaedia, III, 540-556 ; Andrews, IV, 183- 198; North American, Feb., 1879; Forum, Oct, 1895 a. Two points, — emancipation, and readmis- sion of the States. b. The President's poHcy. c. The amnesty proclamation. d. Provisional State governments. e. The policy of Congress. /. Thirteenth and fourteenth amendments. g. Six States re-admitted. 2. Congress and the President. a. Tenure of office act. (142) 144 REUNION : JOHNSON, 1865-9 b. Removal of Secretary Stanton. c. Impeachment of Johnson. Scribner, April, 1892; A. H. A., 1890, 471-503; Forum, July, 1895 (A Previous Era, etc.). 3. The French driven from Mexico. Scribner, June, 1894. 4. The Atlantic Cable. Field, Story of the Atlantic Telegraph. 5. Purchase of Alaska. Bancroft, History of Alaska; Bruce's Alaska; Century, July, 1882, Sept., Oct., 1885, April, 1890; Cosmopoli- tan, Aug., 1894. 6. Burlingame treaty with China. Harper, Oct., 1868. 7. Admission of Nebraska. Johnson, History of Nebraska. 8. Grand Army of the Republic founded. New England Mag., Aug., 1890. 9. The election of 1868. Search questions.— Who were the "carpet-baggers " ? Why was not Johnson convicted ? How many times was an Atlantic cable laid before success was gained ? How large is Alaska ? What are its chief products ? What States did not vote for President in 1868 ? What is the constitutional provision for impeachment ? What mistakes were made in the reconstruction policy ? What would Lincoln's policy probably have been ? Grant General references. — Andrews, Last Quarter-Century, in Scribner, March-June, 1895. On Grant see Badeau, Military History of Grant, and Grant in Peace ; also, Atlantic, March, 1886; Century, Oct., 1885; Mag., Sept., 1885, xlug., 1888. 146 REUNION : GRANT, 1869-77 1. The treaty of Washington. Harper, Nov., 1872 ; Lalor's Cyclopaedia ; Gushing, Treaty of Washington. a. The Geneva arbitration. Lalor's Cyclopaedia. h. The Northwest boundary. c. The fisheries. Andrews, IV, 248-270. 2. The Pacific Kailroad. Scribner, Aug., 1892. 3. Completion of reconstruction. Andrews in Scribner, March, 1895 ; Tourgee, Bricks With- out Straw. a. The fifteenth amendment. h. Status of the freedmen. c. The Kuklux Klan. Century, July, 1884 ; Tourgee, The Invisible Empire. 4. Weather Bureau estabHshed. Atlantic, Nov., 1880 ; Forum, Aug., 1886. 5. Credit Mobiher and other frauds. North American, July, 1873 (The Session) ; Scribner, March, 1874. 6. The centennial and its celebration. 7. The San Domingo question. Galaxy, March, 1871. 8. Admission of Colorado. Early History, Harper, Aug., 1870; Mag., May, 1886. 9. Financial panic of 1873. 10. Chautauqua movement begun. 148 REUNION : HAYES, 1877-81 11. Overthrow of Tweed ring in New York. McClure's Mag., July, 1895. 12. Remington typewriter introduced. Johnson's Cyclopaedia. 13. Great Fires in Chicago and Boston. Chicago fire, New England Mag , Aug., 1892 ; Boston fire, North American, July, 1873. 14. Death of Seward. Atlantic, Nov., 1894; A Great Public Character, Mag., May, 1891. 15. Indian troubles, — the Modocs and Sioux. Ellis, Indian Wars, ch. 38, 39. 16. The election of 1872. 17. The election of 1876. O'Neil, American Electoral System, ch. 20-1 ; Mag., Feb , 1892; Atlantic, Oct., 1893, a. The returning Boards. b. The Electoral Commission. c. The result. 18. Hoosac Tunnel completed. 19. The ninth census. Search questions. — Why was the Geneva arbitration so impor- tant in the world's history ? When were surveys begun for a Pacific railroad ? What can be done to punish a State that denies the negro a right to vote ? Of what historical impor- tance is San Domingo ? Is its possession by the United States desirable? What President was a " poor white"? How did the great parties violate their traditions in the posi- tions contended for in the contested election of 1876 ? What were the causes of the panic of 1873 ? Hayes General references.— Frost, Lives of the Presidents, 497- 504; Andrews in Scribner, June-Sept., 1895; Hayes's Vetoes, 150 REUNION : HAYES, 1877-81 J. H. U., Ill, 30-2 ; The End of the War, Atlantic, March, 1881 ; The Hayes Administration, Atlantic, June, 1893 ; also Atlantic, Aug., 1879 ; Review of Reviews, March, 1893. 1. Troops withdrawn from the south. 2. The finances. a. The Bland silver law. b. Resumption of specie payments. c. Refunding the debt. 3. Great railroad strike. North American, Sept., 1877. 4. The fishery award. North American, Jan., 1879. 5. Inventions and improvements. a. The telephone. Popular Science Monthly, Dec, 1878; Scribner, April, 1878. On Edison, Review of Reviews, July, 1893. h. The electric light. Harper, Aug., 1870 ; Scribner, Feb., 1880. c. Elevated railroads. d. The Mississippi jetties. Scribner, Nov., 1879. 6. War with the Nez Perces. Ellis, Indian Wars, pp. 369-70. 7. Election of 1880. 8. Tenth census. Search questions. — Who were the "Bourbons" ? What was the origin of the Tammany society ? At the preseot average rate of increase what will be our population in 1900 ? Has full amnesty been granted to all who took part in the re- 152 reunion: garfield and Arthur, 1881-85 bellion ? Was the fishery award just to the United States ? Why had troops been kept in the south after the war ? Was it good policy to withdraw them? What President was representative, senator-elect, and president-elect at the same time ? What State is most thickly settled ? Garfield and Arthur General references. — Frost, Lives of the Presidents, 505-537 ; Andrews in Scribner, Sept. -No v., 1895; North American, May -July, 1887 ; on Garfield, Atlantic, Sept. , 1881 ; Century, Dec, 1881, Jan., 1882, and Blaine's Eulogy. 1. The Star Route frauds. 2. Assassination of Garfield and accession of Arthur. 3. The Yorktown centennial. 4. Anti-polygamy legislation. The Women of the Beehive, Century, May, 1884. On Utah, articles in Forum, Nov., 1887, Jan., May, Aug., 1888, Dec, 1^94; North American, April, 1882, Jan., 1884; Cosmopolitan, Sept., 1895. 5. Completion of Washington Monument and Brooklyn Bridge. Brooklyn Bridge, St. Nicholas, July, 1883 6. Tariff revision. 7. Civil Service Act. Assassination and the Spoils System, Princeton, Sept., 1881. Also same, March, 1882. 8. The Panama canal question. Atlantic, Sept., 1889. 9. Adoption of standard time. 10. The legal tender decision. Bancroft, Plea for the Constitution. 154 REUNION : CLEVELAND, 1885-89 11. The '' New South ", — New Orleans exhibition. Grady, The New South ; Century, May, June, 1885 ; Forum, March, Aug., 1892. 12. The education of the negro. Atlantic, July, 1892 ; Century, Sept., 1885 ; North Amer- ican, June, July, 1879, Jan., 1892; Cable, The Negro Question ; Haygood, Our Brother in Black. 13. The election of 1884, — the four parties. Search questions. — When was the "Washington Monument begun? How long does a "Congress" last? What was the result of the Star Route trials ? What Presidents have been chosen by the House of Representatives ? Has any Vice-President been chosen by the Senate ? If polygamy is a part of the religious creed of the Mormons, what moral right has Congress to legislate against it ? When is a law * ' constitutional " ? How do the American and the English constitutions differ ? Cleveland (1) General references— Andrews, in Scribner, Jan., Feb., 1896 ; On Cleveland, McClure's Mag., Nov., 1893 ; Frost, Lives of the Presidents, 537-542. 1. Deaths of Grant, McClellan, Hancock, Arthur, Sheridan. On Arthur, Mag., Jan., 1887; Bay State Monthly, May, 1884. 2. Advance of Civil Service reform. Atlantic, Feb., 1891. 3. The Chinese immigration question. Lalor's Cyclopaedia ; Forum, Oct. 1890. 4. The Mills tariff bill. 5. The Indian land question. 156 REUNION : HARRISON, 1889-93 Century, Aug., 1889 ; Mag., June, 1883 ; North American April, 1879, July, 1881, March, 1883 ; Ellis, Indian Wars, eh. 42, 48-50. 6. Great strikes. 7. The Chicago anarchists. Century, April, 1893 ; Scribner, Jan., 1896 (p. 77). 8. Department of Agriculture established. 9. Inter-State commerce law. North American, July, 1887 ; Atlantic, July, 1887 ; Forum, July, 1891, April, 1894. 10. Bartholdi Statue of Liberty. Scribner, Jan., 1896 (p. 80). 11. Presidential election laws. O'Neil, American Electoral System, 233 ff ; Stanwood, ch. 27. a. The succession act. h. The electoral count act. 12. The election of 1888. Search questions. — Have Grant's abilities as a general been overestimated ? Have the Indians "any rights which the white man is bound to respect " ? To what extent are lands in the United States held by foreigners ? What are the objections to alien ownership ? What clause in the consti- tvition gave Congress power to pass the Inter-State Com- merce law? Who were the "mugwumps"? the "stal- warts" ? the " half-breeds " ? Benjamin Harrison General references. — Andrews, in Scribner, Feb., March, 1896 ; Cyclopaedic Review of Current History, from 1890 ; Review of Reviews, and other magazines and reviews. On Harrison see Review of Reviews, July, 1892 ; North Amer- ican, June, 1892 ; Forum, July, 1892. 158 REUNION : HARRISON, 1889-93 1. The new States, — North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Washington, Idaho, Wyoming. Dodge, the Black Hills ; Maguire's Montana ; Bancroft's Washington, Idaho, and Montana ; Strahorn's Handbook of Wyoming ; Harper, Jan. , May, Sept. , 1892, June, 1893 . 2. Oklahoma organized. Harper, Nov., 1893 ; Scribner, Feb., 1896 (p. 188). 3. Foreign relations. a. Extradition treaties. b. Bering sea question. Harper, April, 1891 ; North American, April, 1888 ; Amer- ican History Leaflets, No. 6 ; Atlantic, Feb., 1890. ' c. Reciprocity. d. The New Orleans affair and Italy. Scribner, Feb., 1896 (p. 192). e. Germany and American pork. /. Trouble with Chili. g. Hawaii. Review of Reviews, March, 1898. h. Our first ambassadors. 4. Important questions at home. a. Ballot reform. Forum, Oct., 1889. b. The silver question. McMaster, With the Fathers, 232-236. c. The Louisiana lottery. Century, Feb., 1892; Scribner, Feb., 1896 (p. 191), April, 1896 (p. 482). d. The original package case. 160 KEUNION : HARRISON, 1889-93 e. The McKinley tariff. /. Farmers' Alliance and People's Party. Forum, Oct., 1893 ; North American, Dec, 1893. g. New judiciary act. 5. The Pan-American Congress. Mag., April, 1890. 6. International copyright. North American, Jan., 1888^ 7. The Indian War. Ellis, Indian Wars, eh. 42-48. The Apache War, Ellis, ch. 40-1 ; Bourke, On the Border with Crook. 8. The new war ships. North American, June, 1891, Aug., 1894. 9. Labor troubles. a. The Buffalo strike. North American, Oct., 1892. h. The Homestead strike. North American, Sept., 1892. 10. Deaths of Blaine, Hayes, and Gen. Sherman. On Blaine, Bay State Mo., Oct., 1884. 11. The eleventh census. Forum, May, June, 1891 ; Pop. Sci. Mo., Oct., 1891 to Oct., 1892. 12. The election of 1892. Search questions. — Why should we keep a strong navy ? Do we need an elaborate system of coast defences ? What States now admit women to full suffrage ? Is reciprocity a success or a failure ? Is the annexation of Hawaii desirable ? If an English subject was killed in a riot in Boston, would Massa- 162 REUNION : CLEVELAND, 1893-97 chusetts or the United States be responsible ? How then would England obtain redress ? What constitutional right has Congress to enact a protective tariff law ? What crimes are included under the new English extradition treaty ? What special provisions are in the Russian extradition treaty ? Where is the "Great American Desert"? (See Harper, July, 1888). Cleveland (2) General references as under last head. — For the last two administrations the topics have been made more minute and specific. They are mainly "current topics" and are under frequent discussion in newspapers and periodicals. Young America should keep informed on all these public questions and the teacher can give much needful help in the begin- nings of the study of questions of the day. Intelligent study on these points will do much to fit for the duties of citizenship. On Cleveland and his cabinet, see Review of Reviews, Aug., 1893, April, 1893. See Scribner, March, April, 1896 ; Forum, July, 1896 ; Cyclopaedic Review of Current History. 1. Foreign relations. a. The Geary Chinese exclusion act. North American July, 1893 ; Forum, June. 1893. h. New treaty with China. c. Seals in Bering Sea. North American, Dec, 1895. d. Hawaii. North American, March, Dec, 1893; Forum, June, 1893; Review of Reviews, Sept., 1891. e. Revolt of Cuba, — the Allianca incident. Review of Reviews, April, 1896 ; North American, Sept., 1895; Forum, Sept., 1895, May, 1896 ; Cosmopolitan, Oct., 1895. 164 REUNION : CLEVELAND, 1893-97 /. The Venezuela dispute and commission. North American, June, Nov., 1895; Review of Reviews, Dec, 1895 ; Monroe Doctrine, Review of Reviews, Dec, 1895, Feb., 1896. g. The Alaska boundary. Atlantic, April, 1896 ; Century, May, 1896 ; Review of Reviews, June, 1896. h. Armenian outrages, — the Red Cross. Forum, June, 1896. i. International arbitration. Review of Reviews, April, 1896. k. Other extradition treaties. With Russia, Forum, May, July, 1893. 2. Domestic questions. a. "Free Silver." Forum, June, 1895. h. The income tax. North American, May, 1895 ; Forum, March, July, 1895. c. The monetary crisis, — repeal of the silver law of 1890. Scribner, April, 1896 (p. 469). d. The Wilson bill and Wilson-Gorman law. North American, Feb., 1894; Forum, Feb., 1894. e. The A. P. A. Century, March, 1894 ; Forum, June, July, 1894 ; North American, July, Sept., 1894. /. Lexow investigation and municipal reform in New York. Scribner, April, 1896 (p. 487). On Roosevelt, Review of Reviews, Aug., 1895. 166 KEUNION : CLEVELAND, 1893-97 g. The South Carolina dispensary law. North American, Feb., May, July, 1894. h. The Raines law in New York. North American, April, 1896. 3. Labor questions. a. Coxey's Commonweal Army. Review of Reviews, July, 1894. h. The coal strike. c. The Pullman boycott and Chicago strike. Forum, Aug., Sept., 1894 ; North American, Aug., 1894 ; Report of Federal Commission ; Scribner, April, 1896 (p. 473). d. Car strikes in Brooklyn and Philadelphia. e. The New Orleans outrage. 4. Admission of Utah. Strong, Our Country, ch. 7 ; Bancroft, History of Utah ; Stenhouse, Rocky Mountain Saints. 6. The Atlanta exposition. Review of Reviews, Feb., 1895. 6. Wreck of the old Kearsarge. 7. The bicycle and " good roads ". Scribner, June, 1895 ; North American, Aug., 1895 ; Scrib- ner, Oct., 1889; Atlantic, Oct., 1892; Century, April, 1892 ; North American, July, 1895. 8. The Columbian naval review. A Great Object Lesson, Mag., Nov., 1892 ; North Ameri- can, June, 1893. 9. The World's Columbian Exposition. 168 REUNION : MC KINLEY, 1897- Four Centuries of Progress, McMaster, With the Fathers, 313-321; Century, May, Sept., 1893; Harper, May, 1893 ; Review of Reviews, July, 1893 ; Cosmopolitan, Dec, 1893; Scribner, March, 1896 (pp. 270-295). 10. The election of 1896. The Issues of 1896, Century, Nov., 1895 ; McKinley, Mc- Clure's Mag., Dec, 1893; Bryan, Review of Reviews, July, 1896. Search questions. — Upon what ground was the Income Tax declared unconstitutional ? Why is it good policy for us to interfere in a dispute between England and Venezuela ? Why should not the United States interfere actively to pre- vent Armenian outrages ? Is the butchery of Armenians of less importance than a mere question of boundaries in South America ? What are the distinctive features of the South Carolina dispensary law ? Of the Raines liquor law ? When property is destroyed by rioters who has to stand the loss ? What are the history and purposes of the Red Cross society ? When was the forty-fifth star added to the national flag ? Our Country To-day General references. — Harper's First Century of the Republic (first published in Harper, Nov., 1874 to June, 1876) gives much information on the growth of the country till 1876. The best account up to date will be found in Shaler's "United States of America", in two volumes. Bryce's American Commonwealth is of course invaluable for political develop- ment. The following will be found very helpful : — Scaler's Story of our Continent ; Carnegie's Triumphant Democracy ; Strong's Our Country ; Patton's Natural Resources of the United States. 1. Physical features. Winsor, IV (Introd.) ; Rivers and Valleys, Scribner, Aug., 1888. a. The Atlantic slope. Shaler's U. S., I, ch. 1, 2. 170 REUNION : MC KINLEY, 1897- b. Mississippi valley aud Lake region. Shaler, I, ch. 3, 5 ; The New Northwest, Century, Aug. to Oct., 1882, Review of Reviews, Nov., 1893. c. The Rocky Mountain region. Schaler, I, ch. 3. d. The Pacific slope. Shaler, I, ch. 6 ; Forum, Nov., 1891 ; Review of Reviews, Nov., 1893. e. Special features, — Niagara, Yosemite, etc. Niagara, Scribner, Aug., 1876 ; Cosmopolitan, Sept., 1894; McClure, Oct., 1894; Yosemite, Century, Aug., Sept., 1890. 2. Natural resources. a. Mineral wealth, — coal, iron, salt, precious metals, oil, etc. Shaler, I, ch. 8. b. Variety of soil, climate and productions. Shaler, I, ch. 7. c. The great forests and their preservation. " Shaler, I, ch. 9 ; Review of Reviews, July, 1893 ; Century, Sept., 1893. d. The public lands. Lalor's Cyclopaedia ; Century, Feb., 1883; Harper, Oct., 1885. e. Arid lands and irrigation. Century, March-May, 1890, May, 1895, Feb., March, 1896 ; Review of Reviews, Oct., 1893. Forum, Feb., 1892; North American, March, 1890 ; Harper, July, 1888. 3. Social and Industrial. a. Great cities. 172 REUNION : MC KINLEY, 1897- Shaler, II, ch. 5 ; Our Civic Renaissance, Review of Re- views, April, 1895. h. Railroads and telegraphs. Shaler, II, ch. 2, 3 ; Articles in Scribner, June, 1888 to Sept., 1889. c. Education and spread of intelligence. Shaler, II, ch. 6, 7, 8 ; Boone, Education in the U. S. : Newspapers, North American, Feb., March, 1890; Forum, April, 1890 ; Century, June, 1890. d. Religious and benevolent organizations. e. Agriculture. Shaler, I, ch. 7. /. Manufactures. Shaler, II, ch. 1. g. Commerce, foreign and domestic. Shaler, I, ch. 10 ; Inland Commerce, Century, July, 1889 ; Forum, Feb., 1892; Review of Reviews, Nov., 1893. h. Mining. Shaler, I, ch. 8. i. Growth of great corporations. Shaler, II, ch. 4. 4. Scientific work of the government. a. Smithsonian Institution. 6. Coast Survey. Harper, May, 1879. c. The Geological Survey. Reports. d. Agricultural department, — the Weather Bureau. 174 REUNION : MC KINLEY, 1897- e. The Bureau of Education. Reports. /. The Bureau of Ethnology. Reports. 5. The Government and its departments. Shaler, II, ch. 10, 11, 14 ; Am. Constitutions, J. H. U., III. a. The Powers of Congress. Wilson, Congressional Government. h. The Powers of the President, — ^the veto. On the Presidents, see Mag., Feb., March, 1884, Harper, March, 1884; Unsuccessful Candidates, Mag., Nov., Dec, 1884. c. The Federal Judiciary. Supreme Court, Century, Dec, 1883; Atlantic, April, 1886; New Eng. Mag., March, 1890 ; J. H. U., IX, 7- 133 ; A Century of Const. Interpretation, Century, April, 1889; on Marshall, Mag., July, 1884, Magruder's Mar- shall, (A. S.) ; on Jay, Pellew's Jay (A. S.). d. The Cabinet. Mag., May, 1890. e. The Army and Navy. Army, Harper, March, 1890 ; Century, Feb., 1895 ; West Point, Harper, July, 1887 ; Navy, Harper, June, Sept., Oct., 1886; Oct., 1895; Naval Academy, Harper, July, 1888; Army and Navy, Forum, Oct., 1891. /. The Post-office. Mag., July, 1887. g. The revenue and its collection. U. The Pension bureau. %. The Patent office. 176 REUNION : 6. "We, the People". Nordhoff, Politics for Young Americans ; Dole, American Citizen ; Hopkins, Manual of American Ideas. a. Responsibility of the individual. h. Education for citizenship. c. Need of honest and statesmanlike legisla- tion. d. Elements of strength and of weakness. e. " Triumphant Democracy ", — its limita- tions. Search questions. — What is the present extent of our public lands ? What policy should be pursued in regard to these lands ? Should extensive schemes for irrigation be under- taken by the general government, by the States, or by indi- viduals ? Why is it proper for the government to improve rivers and harbors ? If I own a farm or a mill, why should not the government keep it in good condition ? Why should not the government lend me money when I need it ? When I have a silver dollar why should the government give me a gold dollar for it ? Why is the silver dollar to-day as good as a gold dollar for ordinary business purposes ? If 1 went to Europe with a gold dollar what would it be worth ? If I took a silver dollar what would it be worth ? Can government give value to a coin ? How can a paper dollar be as good as a gold dollar ? Do the rich or the poor suffer most from a depreciated currency ? REVIEWS Note. — It is a good plan to review by general topics, tracing the history throughout the whole period. It will be helpful to draw up a chart outlining fully the topic under discussion to get a comprehensive view. The following general topics are given to indicate the method. They may be multiplied indefinitely. A number of additional references are given. 1. Territorial growth of the United States. Scribner's Statistical Atlas, Plate 12 (Original Grants), Plates 13-17 iTerritorial Growth) ; McMaster, With the Fathers, 281-312 ; ' ' Manifest Destiny " in Fiske's Amer- ican Political Ideas (first published in Harper, March, 1885) ; Growth of the United States, Century, Oct., 1882. 2. The slavery question. Wilson, Rise and Fall of the Slave Power ; Slavery in Connecticut, J. H. U.. XI, 377-454; in the Territories, Mag., Feb., March, 1892; also Mag., May, 1884, Jan., 1886. 3. The great parties and their principles. Political History in Scribner's Statistical Atlas, Plate 6 ; American Parties, Scribner. Jan. -March, 1895 ; Stan- wood, Presidential Elections ; Johnston, American Poli- tics. 4. History of tariff legislation. Taussig, History of the tariff ; "Free Trade" and "Pro- tection " in Lalor's Cyclopadia ; Blaine-Gladstone Con- troversy. North American, Jan.- June, 1890. 180 REVIEWS 5. Financial history and the national debt. Bolles, Financial History of the United States ; Stevens's Gallatin (A. 8.) ; Lodge's Hamilton (A. S.) ; Moneys of Lincoln's Administration, Harper, Oct., 1890, 6. Inventions and discoveries. Harper's First Century of the Republic ; Curiosities of Invention, Mag., Oct., 1884; Rittenhouse, Harper, May, 1882 ; Blanchard, Harper, July, 1881 ; Ericsson, Atlan- tic, July, 1862, Scribner, Feb., March, 1890 ; Mag., Jan., 1891 ; Edison, Review of Reviews, July, 1893 ; Elec- tricity, Mag., Sept., 1891; Scribner, June-Nov., 1889; Steam Navigation, Mag., Sept., 1892. 7. Internal improvements. 8. Our Indian Policy. Review of Reviews, June, 1892 ; Walker, The Indian Question. 9. Admission of the States. 10. History of the Civil Service. 11. Treaties. 12. Commerce and shipbuilding. Search questions. — What Vice-Presidents afterward became Presidents ? What hindrance was the Hudson Bay Company to American colonization ? What bearing has the Monroe doctrine upon the Venezuela question ? Is further increase of our national territory desirable ? Where is the "centre of population " in the United States at present ? When does the United States Supreme Court meet? What recent advance has been made in Civil Service Reform ? What great principles in international law have the United States helped to establish ? Is universal suffrage a success ? What restrictions, if any, should be placed upon the suffrage ? What should be our policy in regard to immigration ? What special objection is there to Chinese immigrants ? THE SCHOOL BULLETIN PUBLICATIONS.- Books for Teacliing History. 1. A Working Manual of American History for Teachers and Students. By -^ Prof. Wm. H. Mace. 16mo, pp. 297. Cloth, $1.00; niaiiilla50cts. (1) It outlines the subject to 1870, showing: pliases of institutional life so as to reveal the orsauizing principle in each. (2) It gives abundant reference by volume and page to the leading au- thorities, making the book usable when time is short and books are scarce. (3) It gives original material for study at first hand, sets original problems, makes history real, and causes students to think. «. An Outline Study of United States History. By Haelow Godard. Leatherette, 16mo, pp. 136. 50 cts. It gives (1) an outline of leading events ; (2) directions for studying each topic ; (3) a list of books for reference j (4) a review at the close of each period. S. A Thousand Questions in American History. Cloth, 16mo, pp. 247. Price Sl.OO This work shows rare breath of view and discrimination, dealing not merely with events but with causes, and with tlie side-issues that have so much to do with determining the destiny of a nation. U. Helps In, Fixim/ the Facts of Atnerican Histonj. By Henky C. Nor- THAM, Cloth, 16mo, pp. 298. Price $1-00. Here all facts are presented in groups. The key-word to the Revolution, for instance, is LIBERTY, as shown in the accompanying table of Key-Words ; and in like manner the events of the late civil war are kept chronologically dis- tinct by the key-words SLAVES FREED. Chart No. 1 indinctes by stars the years in each decade from 1492 to 1789, in which the most remarkable events occurred, while the colored chart No. 2 arranges the events in 12 groups. 5. Topics and References in American History, with numerous Search Questions. By Geo. A. Williams, Leatherette, IGmo, pp. 50. 50 cts. 6. Brief Views of U. S. History. By Anna Juliand. IGmo, pp. 69, 35 cts. 7. Outlines and Questions in U. S. IHstory. By C. B. Van Wie. Paper, 16mo, pp. 40, and folding map. 15 cts. 8. Dime Question Books, Xo. 5, General History, and Ao. G, United States History and Civil Government. By Albert P. Soutuwick. Paper, 16mo, pp. 37, 82. 10 cts. each. C. W. BARDEEN, Publisher, Syracuse, N. Y. L— exington. I— ndependence. B— urgoyne's Surrender. E— vacuation. R— etribution. T— reason. Y— orktown. ■THE SCHOOL BULLETIN PUBLICATIONS.- Carflii aiii Ciarts for Teaclini History. 1. Historical Cards, with Topics, Questions, and References on the most important events in General History, 200 cards, 314 x 514 inches, in box, $1.00. These cards are designed for use in the High and College Preparatory Schools. On each card is a topic, with subdivisions and questions. On the back of each card reference is made to all the leading histories used in the schools of the country. Thousands of references are cited. Space has been left on each card for additional questions and references. The cards may be used in daily recitations and reviews. In addition to the many Histories cited, a large number of books are referred to under the head of " Interesting Reading. " Different colors are used for the several Historical Epochs. 5, Historical Cards, with Topics, Questions, and References on all the important events in United States History. 200 cards, 3}4 x 514 inches, in box $1.00. Or, Part I. Prehistoric Period, Period of Discoveries and Explorations, Period of Settlements, Period of the Revolutionary War. 92 cards, in box, 50 cts. Part II. Constitutional Period, which includes the Periods of the Devel- opment of the States, the Civil War, Reconstruction, and more recent events, General Review, Civil Government. 108 cards, in box, 50 cts. On each card there is a topic, with subdivisions and questions. On the back of the cards reference is made to fifteen School Histories, giving the page or pages in each on which the subject is in any way treated. Nearly *),000 references are cited. The cards may be used with any United States ^iistory. The topics and questions are so arranged that the pupils, in recit- ing, must necessarily express themselves in their own language, rather than that of the book. Much time is saved the teacher in ha\iug the topics pre- pared. Different colors are used for the several Historical Epochs. 3. A Chart of United States History, By Noah T. Clarke, Ph.D. One page, 9x12. Each 5 cts. ; per dozen 50 cts. This chart gives a birdseye view of the entire history of our country. No more practically helpful review has ever been published. U. Conspectus of U?iited States History to the time of Garfield. Cloth, 81x91 inches, on rollers. S2.00. 5. Conspectus of the History of Political Parties and the Federal Govern- ment to 1880. By Walter R. Houghton. Cloth, 4to, pp. 85, with colored charts, $5.00. Or chart alone, mounted on rollers, $1.00. 6. Syllabnsses of American History. By Welland Hendrick. Paper, 8vo, pp. 4. Each 5 cts. Per dozen 50 cts. Published four times a year, for the Regents' Examinations. C. W. BARDEEN, Publisher, Syracuse, N. Y. ■THE SCHOOL BULLETIN PUBLICATIONS.- Edwards's American History (jame. This consists of 100 cards, each with five questions printed on one side, as in the sample shown. The cards are uniform with those of Geography Game, and the manner of playing is the same. The variety of questions is un- usual, so that interest is easily maintained. As the answer is given to every question, the cards become not only a test but a means of instruction. Here are some of the questions: What president was left- handed ? Garfield. What president was a great wrestler ? Abraham Lincoln. Who was the first president not born a British subject ? Van Bur en. What president made no in- augural address ? Fillmore. Who was the only president to deliver his inaugural address extempore ? Cleveland. Who was the only president elected by a commission? Rutherford B. Hayes. What president learned to write after he was married ? Andrew Johnson. What president never cast a vote or held a civil office until elected president ? Taylor. Which was the larger before the Revolution, New York or Boston ? Boston. What was captured from Santa Anna at the battle of Cerro Gordo ? His cork leg. Of whom did General Grant say " I rank him with Napoleon, Frederick the Great, and the famous commanders of history ? Philip H. Sheridan. In what battle was a tablecloth raised for a white flag ? Surrender of Detroit, 1812. Who of President Hayes's cabinet was a member of the opposite party ? Postmaster General Key. To whom did Franklin say, " We must all hang together or we shall all hang separately ?" John Hancock. The cards come put up in a neat box, and are sent postpaid for 50 cts. C. W. BAROEEN, Publisher, Syracuse, N. Y. — 76 — What is the only war recorded in history in which all the vic- tories were on one side, and were gained in every instance against a larger force? Mexican "War. Of what President was Nath- aniel Hawthorne an intimate friend? Franklin Pierce. What nation presented to Amer- ica Bartholdi's Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World? France. Who was Secretary of the Treas- ury during the Civil War. Salmon P. Chase. What republic applied for ad- mission to the United States during Grant's administration? San Domingo. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS School Bulletin Publications NOTE.— Binding is indicated as foUows : B boards^ C cloth, L leatlierette, M manilla, P paper. Size as follows : 8:416 indicates 8vo,pp. U16; 12:393 in- dicates 12mo, pp. 393 ; 16:389 indicates 16mo, pp. 389. Numbers preceding the binding and size give the pages in the Trade Sale catalogue on which the books are described. Books starred may be had also in the Standard Teachers' Library, manilla binding, at 50 cts. each. Unless expressly ordered to be sent in this binding, such volumes are always sent in cloth. A DAY of My Life, or Everyday Experiences at Eton. 22 C 16:184. ... SI 00 Ackerman (Mrs. M. B.) Review Questions to accompany HendriclCs His- tory of the Empire State. 45 P 12:15 05 Adams. Wall Map of the State of New York, 68x74 inches, 41 C 5 00 Ahn (F.) Method of Learning tfie Dutch Language. 38 C 12:135 1 25 Aids to School Discipline. Per box 47 1 25 Supplied separately ; per 100 Merits, 15 cts. ; Half Merits, 15 cts. ; Cards, 15 cts.; Checks, 40 cts.; Certificates, 50 cts. Air Test Bottles. Per set of 3, in cloth case 1 00 Alden (Joseph). First Principles of Political Economy. 43 C 16:153 75 Alexandrow (P.) Metlwd of Learning Russian. 38 C 12:135 1 25 Key 25 Arabic Self -Taught. 38 C 12:104 1 25 * Arnold (Thomas). Stanley's Life of, J, S. Carlisle. 15, 17 C 16:252. ... 1 00 Ascham (Roger). Sketch of, by K. H. 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A manual of 1500 misused words. 26, 37 C 16:223. . 75 The Tax-Payer and the Township System. 25 P 8:20 25 Teaching cts a Business for Men. 25 P 8:20 25 The Teacher's Commercial Value. 25 P 8:20 25 The Teacher as He Should Be. 25 P 8:24 25 Effect of tlie College- Preparatory High School. 24 P 8:5 15 History of Educational Journalism in New York. 17, 25, 43 P 8:45. . . 40 The Song Budget. 29Psmall4:76 15 The Song Century. 29 P small 4:87 15 The Song Patriot. 29 P small 4:80 15 The Song Budget Series Combined. 29 C 4:250 50 Barnard (Henry), American Journal of Education. Vols. I-V, \T:iI, IX, XVI, XVII, XXIII, XXIX. Each, Half-turkey, 8: about 800. . .$5 50 Letters., Essays, Thoughts on Studies and Conduct. C 8:552 3 50 Kindergarten and Child Culture Papers, etc. C 8:784 3 50 American Pedagogy. C 8:510 3 50 Militanj Systems of Education. C 8:960 5 50 r;ieJ5'(Z'/ia6o?-5o/, by Will S.Monroe. 23 L 16:35 50 (H.) Oral Training Lessons. 29 C 12:136 75 Basedow (J. E.) 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Pestalozzi, his Aim. and Work. 15, 17, 19 C 12:331.. 1 50 Denominational Schools. Discussion of 1889. 24 P 8:71 25 Dickinson (John W.) The Limits of Oral Teaching. 24, 27, 29 P 16:24.. 15 Diehl (Anna Randall-). A Practical Delsarte Primer. 33,34 16:66.... 50 Diplomas, printed to order from any design furnished. Specimens sent. 41 (a) Bond paper, 14x17, for 25 or fewer 5 00 50 6 50 (6) '' *' 16x20," 25orfewer 5 50 " " 50 7 25 (c) Parchment, 15x20, " 1 3 50 Each additional copy 75 Donaldson (James). Lectures on Education. 17 C 16:185 100 Dudevant(A.) French and English Commercial Correspondence. 39 C 12:107 50 Durham (W. H.) Carleton Island in the Revolution. 15 C 16:128 1 00 EDUCATION as Viewed by Thinkers. 21, 24 P 16:47 15 *Intellectual, Moral, and Physical, YLevhert^^encev. 15,21 C 16:331. 1 00 for the People, in America, Europe, India, and Australia. 32 C 8:176. 1 25 (3) Edwards (A. M.) Graded Lessons in Language. 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