i \ * »■ ^ ^ » I 4 -k y) ^ 1 ' 1 !*■ { ^ t 1 \ 1 , 0- ;. -.T^f.-^,. %•••■•> .....V'^> 4 o '^. x-J^'" * 0^ . » • ' '^•' '^-?, .c^' .N t>/*:'-HT'- a' :< ■<*, V>V iFrattriB ®. ^olbtx The riolders of Holderness A History and Genealogy of the Holder Family with especial reference to Christopher Holder Head of the American Quaker Branch ; Author of the First Declaration of Faith of Friends in England or America ; Pioneer Quaker Minister in New England (1656) By Charles Frederick Holder, LL.D. Author of "Life of Louis Agassiz"; "Along the Florida Reef"; "Life of Charles Darwin"; " Stories of Animal Life " ; "A Strange Company " ; ' 'Angling " , etc. 0^- Q ^-151 PREFACE The present volume was prepared solely for circulation in the family about which it was written and as a medium to collect and to preserve family traditions and facts; hence no apology is necessary for its ''per- sonaHty." The writer's father, Dr. J. B. Holder, collected family history and data for years, thus constituting the small nucleus of the book; but this never would have been published had it not been for the interest in the family shown by Mr. Francis T. Holder, of Yonkers and Pasa- dena, who assumed the entire expense of printing and pubHshing. At his sugges- tion the life of our distinguished ancestor, Christopher Holder, was prepared, result- ing in giving to the world the first con- nected and complete biography of this original character of great strength and re- markable individuaHty. In obtaining this iv Preface widely scattered information all the old Colonial Records available from 1656 down were consulted, and all the laws passed by Endicott, first Governor of Massachusetts; the old and rare Quaker manuscripts in the various libraries of the country, involving an amount of work that cannot be realized except by those who have undertaken in- vestigations along similar lines. First or early editions of rare Friends' books were obtained or consulted, and every attempt made to make the life of Christopher Holder as perfect as possible, and it is be- lieved that the information upon the sub- ject has been exhausted. Many interest- ing facts were secured through the general ofihce of the Friends in London, as copies of the marriage certificates of Christopher 1st and 2d, and the author or compiler is indebted to its secretary, Mr. Isaac Sharp, for many courtesies, and would here ac- knowledge the kindness of the many mem- bers of the family who have sent data and Preface v aided in the work. The book is divided into three parts: first, the history of Chris- topher Holder, which is virtually the story of the rise and development of the Society of Friends in America; second, the history of the members of the family in America so far as data has been obtained; and third, the genealogy of various branches of the family which have been obtained by volumi- nous correspondence. It is beUeved that all the main branches of the American Holders are given; if any are omitted it is because circular letters sent out to Holders in all the principal cities of the Union and in England have been unanswered. While the greatest care has been taken, it is pos- sible that errors of dates may have crept into so complicated a series. If such are noticed the author would be glad to re- ceive the corrections and will see that they are forwarded to all owners of the book and added. Pasadena, Cal., 1902. C. F. H. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE 1. Francis T. Holder Frontispiece. 2. Holder Coat of Arms .^ " 3. David Holder 5 4. Ruth Bassett Holder 9 5. Arrival of the "Speedwell" in Massachu- setts Bay, 1656 23 6. John Endicott 2y 7. Sandwich, Mass., Meeting House 67 8. "Christopher's Hollow" 71 9. William Penn Holder and Wife 103 ID. First Church, Salem 105 11. Grave of Samuel Shattuck 109 12. John Greenleaf Whittier 129 13. Friends' Meeting House in England 139 14. Mrs. Russell Sage 177 15. Tomb of Nathaniel Sylvester 189 16. Holder Homestead 203 17. Residence of F. T. Holder, Yonkers, N. Y. . . 205 18. Residence of F. T. Holder, Pasadena, Cal.. . 207 19. Mrs. John Garrison Peene 209 20. Fox Hall, Country Seat of Mrs. Peene 211 21. Summer Residence of Mrs. J. G. Peene 213 22. Friends' Meeting House, Bolton, Mass 215 23. Home of Phebe Holder 217 24. Old Red School House 221 25. Dr. Joseph Bassett Holder 227 26. Chas. Frederick Holder 231 27. Daniel Curtis Holder 239 28. Colonial Desk of Richard Holder 243 29. Desk of Daniel Holder 245 30. Rachael Bassett Nichols 247 31. Facsimile of Page of Daniel Holder's Bible.. 275 32. Richard Holder's Marriage Certificate. 33. Contract in writing of Daniel Holder. LIST OF CHAPTERS. CHAPTER I. HOLDERS OF HOLDERNESS. CHAPTER n. DR. WILLIAM HOLDER. CHAPTER HI. THE FIRST QUAKER HOLDER. CHAPTER IV. FIRST ANTI-QUAKER LAWS. CHAPTER V. SECOND VOYAGE OF CHRISTOPHER HOLDER. CHAPTER VI. CHRISTOPHER HOLDER IN AMERICA. CHAPTER VII. THE REIGN OF TERROR. CHAPTER VIII. RHODE ISLAND COLONY FRIENDLY. CHAPTER IX. CHRISTOPHER HOLDER IN SALEM. CHAPTER X. CHRISTOPHER HOLDER'S DECLARATION OF FAITH. CHAPTER XI. ENDICOTT'S CRUELTIES. CHAPTER XII. REFUGE IN RHODE ISLAND. List of Chapters CHAPTER XIII. BANISHMENT ON PAIN OF DEATH. CHAPTER XIV. CHRISTOPHER HOLDER AGAIN BANISHED. CHAPTER XV. CHRISTOPHER HOLDER AGAIN IN AMERICA. CHAPTER XVI. NANTUCKET HOLDERS. CHAPTER XVII. FRANCIS T. HOLDER. CHAPTER XVIII. SOME BOLTON AND BERLIN HOLDERS. CHAPTER XIX. LYNN AND BOSTON HOLDERS. CHAPTER XX. HISTORICAL NOTES. CHAPTER XXL PICTURE OF A QUAKER HOME IN THE COUNTRY. CHAPTER XXII. ROYALIST HOLDERS. APPENDIX— HOLDER GENEALOGY. INDEX. INDEX OF NAMES OTHER THAN HOLDER IN THE GENEALOGY. TO 3Franna ®. ^x^i\itx whose interest in the Society of Friends and the history and traditions of the family has made this genealogy possible^ this volume is inscribed. CHAPTER I. HOLDERS OF HOLDERNESS. The First Holders. — Antiquity of the Name. — Thane in Time of Alfred the Great.— Individuality of the People.— The Founders of the Seigniory of Holderness. THE name of Holder is of great antiqui- ty. According to Long, in "Names We Bear," it means "s. stronghold," "Duroc" being a synonym. The name in old English is Holdere, or Haldere; in Old Friesian, Holdere; in Dutch, Houder; Mid- dle Low German, Holder; Old High Ger- man, Haltari; New High German, Halter; Danish, Holder; Swedish, Hallare. It is be- lieved that the original EngHsh Holders were of Danish extraction, descendants of one of the early naval chiefs who extended his conquests along the coast of Germany, Gaul and the British Isles about the year 500, the time of the invasion of Ida. 4 The Holders of Holderness Mr. R. Y. Stephenson, the distinguished English antiquarian, a descendant of Wil- liam Holder of Holderness (1774), stated to Dr. Joseph B. Holder that this was a tradition in the family. Holder was a leader, what would be an admiral to-day, under Ida, a chief of the Angles and first king of Bernicia. Ida's forces landed near Flamboro Head, Holderness, England, originally, and one of his chiefs, named Holder, seized and held by force of arms the section of the coast between the North Sea and the Humber, in the East Riding of Yorkshire. His prowess was honored by possession and the naming of this im- portant region Holderness after him, a title which has clung through all the centuries to this important and interesting sec- tion of England. Mr. Stephenson states: "Holder was a chief who held a large dis- trict (Holderness) as chief owner of the fee. The chief who succeeded in obtaining and keeping possession of the lowlands in the David Holder. (From a daguerreotype.) The Holders of Holderness 5 southeast of Northumbria would, by Scan- dinavians, be deemed the chief lord of that district, and as ness is the Norse for nose, cape or promontory, such as exists at Spurn Point, the district would be known as Holder's ness, to distinguish it from other nesses on the coast; hence Holder- ness, whose history is of graphic interest. When JuUus Caesar arrived there 50 B. C. he found a race known as the Brigantes, and the region was the scene of many wars. Then came the Anglo-Saxon and the Nor- man eras in which the lands and estates of the county repeatedly changed hands, being given by victorious generals and chiefs to their allies, as in the time of Wil- liam the Conqueror, when the entire terri- tory of Holderness was given by William to Drogo de Bevere or Beurere, a Flemish adventurer in the Norman expedition." Holderness is one of the best-known regions in England, its history and folklore fascinating. It is a wapentate, a division. 6 The Holders of Holderness a deanery and a seigniory by itself, with three bailiwicks and a coroner of its own. From the Conquest until late in the last century it gave a title to an earl, and the earls of Holderness (D'Arcy) were all famous in history. It includes more than a third of the entire sea coast of the county of York. It and its people have strongly- marked characteristics, physical and ethno- logical. Its folklore is unique, and its dialect has been recorded by the English Dialect Society. Many works have been written upon the seigniory, the most im- portant being the ''History and Antiquities of the Seigniory of Holderness," 2 Vols. Hull, 1841, by Poulson, Historian of Bev- erly, England. This work was begun by Rev. William Dade, F.S.A., Rector of Barmeston, in 1830-40, who spent a greater part of his life in collecting data. In the preparation of the manuscript he was materially assisted by Miss Margaret Holder, of Holderness, a descendant of the The Holders of H older ness 7 Holders of Holderness. There was pub- lished in Hull in 1835 a series of views of churches, monuments and antiquities of Holderness originally intended for Dade's work. ''Holderness and the Holderness- ians" is another work published in Huh; and there are works on Ravenspurn, Swine, Hornsea, etc. Holderness includes the borough town of Hedon, which preserves its mayor and corporation and which from the time of Edward I to 1832 returned members to ParUament. Holderness also held within its borders the great abbey of Meaux, eldest daughter of Fountains, whose chronicles have been issued in three volumes by the master of the rolls of the abbey of Swine and the provinces of Nun- keeling and Burstall. 'Tt is clear," then says an English author, ''that Holderness has a separate, legal and historical exist- ence, distinct and well defined." From this ancient seigniory the Holders of England and America sprang, and it 8 Tlie Holders of H old e mess would be interesting to trace the family through the many chapters of English his- tory where the name of Holder has always been an honored one, its men distinguished in the arts, sciences and professions, in the service of their sovereign and in the com- mercial world. Holderness to-day, espe- cially about Hull, is still a stronghold of the race. One of the family figured as a Thane at the court of Alfred the Great, King of the West Saxons in 871, a Thane being a nobleman who recognized the king alone as his superior. In the reign of Edward the Confessor a member of the family held the manor of Ganstead with four carucates of arable land. ''He held jointly the manor of Bilton, one carucate of arable." In 1588 the Rev. George Holder, of Roos Holder- ness, under the patronage of the queen, was rector of All Saints' Church. He held it until his death, in 1609, and Hes buried in the old churchyard. His wife, Elizabeth, survived him. Ruth Bassett Holder. (From a daguerreotype.) The Holders of Holderness 9 The arms of the Holders of South Wheatley, Nottinghamshire, in Holder- ness, are given herein and show a black shield bearing three anchors; the crest, a lion upon a five-leaved ducal coronet. (S a. a chev, below three anchors ar. Crest, on a ducal coronet, a lion sejant.) In an old work on heraldry, the author found the crest of the earls of Holder- ness: a gold crescent between the horns of which is a red cross, pattee. The early his- tory of the region is swept away. The wild races of a thousand years ago held it long against the invaders, but the Danes and Norsemen waged continual warfare upon the inhabitants of early Britain, and the lands of Holderness repeatedly changed hands in the passing centuries as the Nor- mans, Anglo-Saxons and others in turn captured and overran the country. The history of England exemplifies the theory of one of its greatest natural philosophers. lo The Holders of Holderness It has been a ''survival of the fittest," the EngHsh-speaking- race of to-day being the leaders of the world. CHAPTER 11. DR. WILLIAM HOLDER. Author, Student, Composer and Canon of Westminster.— Bril- liant Career. — Marriage to Miss Wren. — His Life Work. Among the Holders of the Holderness line who lived in comparatively recent times was Rev. William Holder, D.D., who was born in the year that Shakespeare died, 1616, in Nottinghamshire. He was one of the eminent men of his day, possessed of many and varied attainments. As an au- thor he was well known for his vigor, style and learning, while his artistic tempera- ment found expression in his love of art and the musical compositions for which he was justly famous, many being found in the manuscripts of the Harleian collection. Dr. Holder matriculated at Cambridge as a scholar of Pembroke Hall in 1633. In 1640 he received the degree of B.A. from Cambridge and was elected a fellow of his 12 The Holders of Holderness college. His first charge was the rectory of Beltchmgton, Oxfordshire, which he ob- tained in 1642, and in the following year he was incorporated Master of Arts at Ox- ford (Wood, Fasti. Oxon. Ed. Bliss II 59)- From the first he attracted widespread at- tention by his great erudition, and early in life he was a central figure among the hter- ary and artistic lights of the period. Be- ing a man of large wealth and of a distin- guished and aristocratic family, he was en- abled to dispensate a charming hospitality. In 1652, June 25, Dr. Holder was corol- lated by Bishop Wren to the third Pre- bendal Stall in Ely Cathedral. As an illus- tration of the various directions in which his interest was directed, he was the first to found a society for the education of deaf mutes and to teach deaf mutes to talk, pub- lishing a book on the subject. After the restoration he received the degree of D.D. from Oxford (January, 1662), and on the 27th of June this year he was presented by The Holders of Holderness 13 Wren to the rectory of Northwold, in Nor- folk, and also to that of Tidd, St. Giles, in the Isle of Ely. On May 20, 1663, he was elected R.R.S. He was a contributor to the Philosophical Transactions (see May, 1668). In 1669 he published a work en- titled ''Elements of Speech, an Essay of Inquiry into the Natural Production of Letters," with an appendix. Burney's "History of Music" commends this work to the perusal of lyric poets and composers of vocal music as pointing out harsh com- binations of letters and syllables. In the sciences he was conspicuous, having writ- ten a book on astronomy. He was also eminent in music. An evening service in C and two anthems by him are in the Tud- way collection (Harleian MSS. 7338 and 7339). He was installed Prebendary of Isledon in St. Paul's Cathedral on Novem- ber 16, 1672, and was also one of the canons residentiary of that church (New- court Repertorium, 1168). On the 2d of 14 The Holders of Holderness September, 1674, he was sworn sub-deacon of the Chapel Royal, Whitehall, and was chosen sub-almoner to the king, Charles II, with whom he bore the relations of a friend and adviser. For the gentlemen of the Chapel Royal he wrote an able work, entitled "A Treatise on the Natural Grounds and Principles of Harmony." In May, 1687, he was preferred by the dean and chapter of St. Paul's to the rectory of Therfield, Hertfordshire, and during his incumbency he gave the treble and saints bell and built the gallery in the belfry. Dr. Holder's last work was a paper entitled "A Discourse Concerning Time with Ap- plication of the Natural Day and Lunar Month and Solar Year," etc. This ap- peared in 1694, and later editions in 1701. Dr. Holder died the 24th of January, 1697, in his eighty-second year, at Hertford, and was buried by his wife in the undercroft of St. Paul's, where there is a monument to his memory. He married, in 1643, Susan- The Holders of Holderness 15 nah, only daughter of Christopher Wren, dean of Windsor and Wolverhamton, and sister of Sir Christopher Wren, the cele- brated English architect. The education of Sir Christopher was supervised by his eminent brother-in-law, Dr. Holder, who undoubtedly had no little influence upon his future. Wren graduating from Oxford with high honors, becoming one of the best known men of his day, whose works formed stepping-stones in the material develop- ment of England. Dr. Holder officiated at the marriage of his brother-in-law. Sir Christopher Wren, to Lady Jane Fitz-Wil- Hams, in the Royal Chapel, in 1679. Susannah Wren Holder was born at East Knoyle, Wiltshire, England, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. She was a true philanthropist, and was greatly be- loved. On the tombstone is the following appreciative inscription: 'In memory of Susannah Holder, late wife of William Holder, D.D., residentiary 1 6 The Holders of Holderness of Westminster Abbey, daughter of Dr. Christopher Wren, late dean of Windsor, and sister of Sir Christopher Wren, Kt. Among others, her excellent endowments, her prudence, virtue and piety, her charity was no small blessing to the neighborhood wherever she resided. Having, in compas- sion for the poor, applied herself to the knowledge of medicinal remedies wherein God gave so great blessing that hundreds were happily healed by her, including King Charles I, Queen Catherine and many of the Court, after forty-five years happily and honorably passed in conjugal state and care, at the age of sixty-one she piously rendered her soul to God the last day of June, 1688." CHAPTER III. THE FIRST QUAKER HOLDER. Origin of Quakers.— George Fox.— His Friend Christopher Holder an English Minister of Wealth.— Sails for America in 1656 on the "Speedwell."— The Letter "Q." Among the kinsmen of Dr. William Holder, one became even more famous than the distinguished churchman. This was Christopher Holder, believed by some to have been a younger brother, who was named Christopher after his distinguished relative, the dean of Windsor, Dr. Christo- pher Wren. Note. — The term Quaker was first applied to Friends in derision by Justice Gervas Bennet, who, hearing George Fox bid the people figuratively to tremble at the word of God, called them Quakers. The Friends even to this day rarely, if ever, use the term, but it has become so identified with the peo- ple that its employment is essential to the layman; hence its use in these pages. 1 8 The Holders of Holderness Christopher Holder was born in 1631, in Winterbotirne, Alverton County, Glouces- tershire, England. Like Willian Penn, he was among the young men of good family and wealth who early espoused the cause of the Friends or Quakers. Like Penn, he was a man of refinement and culture, high- ly educated, and of independent fortune and of the established church; but, hearing- George Fox, he became convinced that the latter's views were correct, and from then on, doubtless in defiance of the wishes of his family, and certainly in the face of de- rision, and even abuse, he devoted his money and time to the cause of the Friends. Upon attaining manhood, his eloquence, piety and strong personality made him a conspicuous figure. He es- poused the cause of Friends or Quakers with remarkable vigor and earnestness, be- came a minister, and for thirty-three years preached in England, x\merica and the West Indies. He was one of the first The Holders of Holderness 19 Friends to visit America, reaching- Rhode Island in 1656, and is the ancestor of the Quaker Holders and many of the Slocums in America. The history of the Quaker Holders in America from this time on is essentially that of the growth and development of the Quaker doctrine as promulgated by George Fox, and centers in the life work of Chris- topher Holder, who, by his strong person- ality, indomitable faith, and by the expen- diture of his private means, became an im- portant factor in the growth of the Society. He was maligned, persecuted and impris- oned to an extent almost unparalleled in the annals of religious intolerance. The name of Christopher Holder appears in many of the contemporary works of his day. He. was an eloquent speaker, and during his thirty-three years of labors as a minister of the Gospel, in many lands, he was the means of inducing many to adopt the doctrines of George Fox, with 20 The Holders of H older ness whom he traveled in the Barbadoes and New England. That he was an earnest and vigorous writer is known by several pamphlets and at least one book, which is listed in Joseph Smith's catalogue of Friends' books, entitled 'The Faith and Testimony of the Martyrs and Suffering Servants of Jesus Christ persecuted in New England, vindicated against the Lyes and Slanders on them by Nathaniel Norton in his book entitled 'New England Memorial.* Written for the sake of the honest-hearted by a servant of the living God, who is a wit- ness of the Resurrection of Christ Jesus and of his appearance the second time with- out sin and salvation. Christopher Holder with addenda by John Rous." This work was a reply to Norton's at- tack and libels upon the Quakers or Friends. This, and his ''Declaration of Faith," the first issued by Friends in Eng- land or America, were firebrands thrown into the Puritan camp, whose results were The Holders of Holderiiess 21 far-reaching and precipitated an American reign of terror. Of Christopher Holder's ministry in England but little is known. In the "Life of John Copeland of Holderness" the fol- lowing is found: ''Like his beloved friend, Christopher Holder, at that time he was young and unmarried." The first notice of him found in the public records, taken from the MSS. of "Sufferings," Vol. I, is as follows: "Christopher Holder in ye year 1655 was sent to ye gayle at Ilchester for speaking to ye priest at Kleinsham Steeplehouse and from thence after a while upon bayle brought to ye next sessions and so dis- charged." It was the custom in England at this time for any one to speak in churches after the priest had completed his sermon, and the Friends took advantage of this to carry their proselyting into the "steeple houses." The Friends were early looked upon as 22 The Holders of Holderness fanatics and heretics in England, and laws enacted against them. For this expres- sion of his views the young Friend was imprisoned, the beginning of a long series of unfortunate experiences. That he trav- eled extensively over England at this time there is reason to believe, and his reputa- tion as a scholar and preacher was well known. In 1656 several women friends went to the Barbadoes, and in this year Christopher Holder, who was now described by Bowden as a 'Veil-educated man of good estate," felt a call by the great head of the church to visit America, and, with eight other Friends, he sailed on the "Speedwell," of. London, Robert Locke, master, arriving in Boston the 27th of July, 1656. The writer found the old shipping list in the Massachusetts colonial records, which is given entire. It will be noticed that the name of each Friend or Quaker is marked with a O (Quaker), the master evidently Arrival of the " Speedwell," Massachusetts Bay, 1656. The Holders of H older ness 23 expecting trouble through his devout pas- sengers. A Liste of the Passengers aboard the Speedwell of London. Robert Locke, master. Bound for New England. Richard Stratton, Agent. Names. Residence. Ages. Christopher Holder, "Q.".Winterbourne, 9 miles from Bristol. 25 William Brend, "Q." London 40 John Copeland, "Q." Holderness 28 Thomas Thurston, "Q.". . . London 34 Mary Prince, "Q." Bristol 21 *Sarah Gibbons, "Q." Bristol 21 Mary Weatherhead, "Q.". Bristol 26 Dorothy Waugh, "Q." London 20 John Mulford 43 Richard Smith 4 Francis Brusley 22 Thomas Noyce 32 Martha Edwards Joseph Bowles 47 Lester Smith 24 C. Clarke 38 Edward Lane z^ Theo. Richardson 19 *She was drowned in Providence while landing, and was buried in Richard Scott's (father-in-law of Christopher Holder) orchard. 3 24 The Holders of Holderness Names. Ages. John Earle i/ Thomas Barnes 20 Shudrack Hopgood 14 Thomas Goodynough 20 Nathaniel Goodynough 16 John Fay 8 WilHam Taylor 11 Richard Smith 28 Muhulett Munnings 24 Margaret Mott 12 Henry Reeve 8 Henry Seker 8 Note. — In Caton's Collection of Manuscripts is found a reference to the addresses of these (8) Friends, claimed at this time. It is a letter from John Aud- land, of Bristol, 1655, to Margaret Fell, by which it is seen that half were from London and half from Bristol: "Many are raised up i.nd moved from sev- eral parts; there are four from hereaway moved to go to New England, two men and two women; some are gone for France, and some for Holland." This circumstance is also referred to in a letter of Francis Howgills, written a few months later: "Four from London and four from Bristol are gone toward New England; pretty hearts: the blessing of the Lord is with them, and his dread goes be- fore them." (One of the four referred to as from Bristol was Christopher Holder.) The Holders of Holderness 25 Names. Ages. John Morse 40 Nicholas Danison 45 John Baldwin 21 Rebecca Worster 18 Mary Baldwin 20 John Wigins 15 John Miller 24 Thomas Howe 4 John Crane 11 Charles Baalam 18 The persons above named past from hence in the ship above mentioned and are according to order registered here. Dated, Searcher's Office, Gravesend, 30th May, 1656. Edward Felling, John Philpott, Searchers. The ''Speedwell" arrived on the 27th of June, and the passengers who had the let- ter ''Q" written after their names, and who avowed themselves as Friends or Quakers, were at once arrested. Christopher Holder learned that two days previous two Friends, Mary Fisher and Anne Austin,* *These two Friends were arrested and not al- lowed to land ur.til their books had been burned on 26 The Holders of Holderness had been banished, and that their heretical doctrines had caused the greatest alarm among the Puritans, many of whom were bigoted and ignorant, as later experiences with witchcraft demonstrated. So great was the alarm caused by the arrival of eight cultivated and educated people, who merely claimed the right to religious freedom and expression, that, ac- cording to Neal, the historian, the Puritan magistrates of Boston took the alarm "as if the town was threatened with some im- minent danger." A special council was convened, and the first of the New Eng- land anti-Quaker laws issued, and what was a veritable reign of terror for the peaceful followers of George Fox begun. The mas- ter of the ''Speedwell" furnished the deputy governor, Bellingham, with the shipping Boston Common. They were then taken to jail and kept there until they could be shipped to Eng- land; so they held no meetings, spending all their time in jail. John Endicott, Governor of Massachusetts Colony, 1656. The Holders of H old e mess 2y list, indicating the Quakers with the letter ''O" after their names, as shown, and he at once sent officers with warrants aboard the little craft to arrest the English Quakers who threatened the public peace. Their orders were to "Search the boxes, chests and trunks of the Quakers for er- roneous books and hellish pamphlets," and also to bring the prisoners before the court. The eight men and women, filled with the spirit of eternal truth and the faith that makes martyrs possible, were, amid the jibes of the rabble, marched to the city prison, and on the following day taken be- fore the court and subjected to an exami- nation by Governor Endicott, who, to be charitable, appears to have been merely the incarnation of bigotry, superstition and ig- norance, rather than naturally vicious, though the critics of the time imputed to him all the evils mankind is heir to. The examination of the Friends by Bel- lingham was long and, according to Sewell, 28 The Holders of Holderness frivolous. They were examined as to their religious beliefs entirely. A priest was called in to conduct the ecclesiastical ex- amination, after he had seen that their books and pamphlets were publicly burned, and it was soon apparent to the magis- trates that he was unable to maintain his position with the Friends, and the exami- nation ended, to the ''no small alarm and consternation of the priest." The Friends were remanded to jail and summoned the following day before Endicott, who re- peated many of the questions. But the Friends refused to answer, referring him to the written answers of the day before. Christopher Holder asked why they had been deprived of their liberty, and de- manded their release, to which Endicott replied, "Take heed ye break not our ec- clesiastical laws, for then ye are sure to stretch by a halter." The Friends were not intimidated, and John Copeland and Christopher Holder de- The Holders of Holderness 29 manded that the Governor should produce the laws by which they were detained; but, as there were no laws, they could not be produced, and the public, a portion of which did not agree with Endicott, began to insist that the Quakers were being un- justly treated. Endicott was obdurate, being encouraged in his position by a clergyman named Norton, a fanatic and bigot, who was determined that the Quakers should be exterminated; hence, to silence criticism and enable them to per- secute the Quakers lawfully, Endicott se- cured the passage of the first anti-Quaker laws. The result of the examination was that the "Quaker heretics" were banished and committed to prison pending their de- parture. Locke, the master of the ''Speed- well," was now summoned and ordered to give bonds in the sum of $2500 as surety that he would return Christopher Holder and his companions to London. But the 30 The Holders of Holderness captain, knowing that he had violated no law, refused to comply with so arbitrary a ruling, and was promptly imprisoned, four days sufficing to change his mind. The Quakers were kept in close confine- ment, the following orders being issued to the keeper of the jail: "You are by virtue hereof ordered to keep the Quakers formerly committed to your custody as dangerous persons indus- trious to improve all their abilities to se- duce the people of this jurisdiction both by words and letters, to the abominable tenets of the Quakers and to keep them close prisoners, not suffering them to speak or confer w^ith any person, nor permitting them to have paper or ink. "Edward Rawson, "Aug. 1 8, 1656. ''Secretary. "Boston." Knowing that his action was in defiance of the laws of England and of the colony. The Holders of Holderness 31 Endicott hastened the enactment of laws to enable them legally to carry out their intolerant plans against Christopher Holder and his companions. CHAPTER IV. FIRST ANTI-QUAKER LAWS. Endicott Appeals to the Colonies.— Fanatical Puritan Ministers in 1657. — Christopher Holder and His Friends Banished. On the 26. of July, 1656, a few weeks after the arrival of the "Speedwell," Gov- ernor Endicott and the magistrates of the Boston patent assembled and prepared a letter, addressed to "The Commissioners of the United Provinces," who were about to meet at Plymouth, in which they recom- mend "that some general rules may be commended to each general court to pre- vent the coming in amongst us from for- eigne places such notorious heretiques as Quakers, Ranters," etc. The subject hav- ing thus been brought before the Commis- sioners, the sanction of that body was ob- tained for framing a law to justify the course which rulers at Boston had pursued, 34 The Holders of Holderness and, to legalize further intolerance, they agreed to propose to the several general courts "that all Quakers, Ranters and other notorious heretiques be prohibited coming into the United Colonies, and if any shall hereafter come or arise against us, that they be forthwith secured or removed out of all jurisdiction." As a result of this, the law for the banish- ment of Friends from the Colonies was passed, being the first act specially passed against the Society of Friends. The law was as follows: "At a General Court held at Boston the 14th of October, 1656. "Whereas, there is a cursed sect of here- tics lately risen up in the world, which are commonly called Quakers, who take upon them to be immediately sent of God, and infallibly assisted by the Spirit, to speak and write blasphemous opinions, despising government and the order of God in the The Holders of Holderness 35 church and commonwealth, speaking evil of dignities, reproaching and reviling mag- istrates and ministers, seeking to turn the people from the faith, and gain proselytes to their pernicious ways. This court, tak- ing into consideration the premises, and to prevent the like mischief, as by their means is wrought in our land, doth hereby order, and by authority of this court, be it or- dered and enacted, that what master, or commander of any ship, bark, pink, or ketch, shall henceforth bring into any har- bor, creek or cove, within this jurisdiction, any Quaker or Quakers, or other blas- phemous heretics, shall pay or cause to be paid, the fine of one hundred pounds to the treasurer of the country, except it appear he want true knowledge or information of their being such, and in that case he hath liberty to clear himself by his oath, when sufficient proof to the contrary is wanting: and for default of good payment, or good 36 The Holders of H older ness security for it, shall be cast into prison, and there to continue till the said sum be sat- isfied to the Treasurer as aforesaid. And the commander of any ketch, ship or ves- sel, being legally convicted, shall give in sufficient security to the governor, or any one or more of the magistrates, who have pov^er to determine the same, to carry them back to the place whence he brought them, and on his refusal so to do, the gov- ernor, or one or more of the magistrates, are hereby empowered to issue out his or their warrants, to commit such master or commander to prison, there to continue till he give in sufficient security to the con- tent of the governor, or any of the magis- trates aforesaid. And it is hereby further ordered and enacted. That what Quaker soever shall arrive in this country from foreign parts, or shall come into this juris- diction from any parts adjacent, shall be forthwith commited to the house of cor- The Holders of Holderness 37 rection, and, at their entrance, to be se- verely whipped, and by the master thereof to be kept constantly to work, and none suffered to converse or speak with them during the time of their imprisonment, which shall be no longer than necessity requires. And it is ordered, If any person shall knowingly import into any harbour of this jurisdiction any Quaker books, or writings concerning their deviUsh opinions, shall pay for such book or writings, being legally proved against him or them, the sum of five pounds; and whosoever shall disperse or conceal any such book or writ- ing, and it be found with him or her, or in his or her house, and shall not immedi- ately deliver the same to the next magis- trate, shall forfeit or pay five pounds for the dispersing or concealing of every such book or writing. And it is hereby further enacted, That if any person within this colony shall take upon them to defend the 38 The Holders of Holderness heretical opinions of the Quakers, or any of their books or papers as aforesaid, if legally proved, shall be fined for the first time forty shillings; if they shall persist in the same, and shall again defend it the sec- ond time, four pounds; if, notwithstanding, they shall again defend and maintain the said Quakers' heretical opinions, they shall be committed to the house of correction till there be convenient passage to send them out of the land, being sentenced by the court of assistants to banishment. Lastly, it is hereby ordered, That what per- son or persons soever shall revile the per- sons of magistrates or ministers, as is usual with the Quakers, such person or persons shall be severely whipped, or pay the sum of five pounds. '*This is a true copy of the court's order, as attests "Edward Rawson, Secretary.'" This remarkable document, a telling tes- timony to the superstition and ignorance The Holders of H older ness 39 which characterized some of the clergy- men, and especially the officials, of the Puritans, was paraded through the narrow streets of Boston and read at the street corners, preceded by roll of drum, arous- ing, according to Bowden, great excite- ment. When the procession passed the door of one Nicholas Upshal, he came out and loudly protested, denouncing it as an outrage against innocent men and women, courageously calling upon the citizens of Boston to witness that he pubHcly dis- claimed any participation in the act. The following day he was arrested and ban- ished, Endicott warning the inhabitants of Rhode Island, Sandwich and other locali- ties not to receive him. But finally, driven from one place to another, he found shelter with a Newport Indian chief, who offered him a home in his tribe, the incident caus- ing the sarcastic and witty native to re- mark, ''What a God have the EngHsh, who deal so with one another about their God." 40 The Holders of H older iiess For eleven weeks Christopher Holder and his seven friends were kept in a foul prison; their boxes and bedding were taken from them to defray alleged gaolers' fees, and then, without proper clothing, they were thrust aboard the ''Speedwell," a ves- sel little more than a smack in size. On the 3d of August, 1656, they sailed, in due course of time arriving in London. Chris- topher Holder and his companions were now again among the scenes of their origi- nal labors, and for a short time ministered in England. But Holder and five of fiis companions laid plans during their en- forced voyage across the Atlantic to re- turn. The master of the ''Speedwell" re- fused to take them, and, as the laws relat- ing to the question had become known in England, no sea captain could be found who would receive a Friend as a passenger to America. In this dilemma, Christopher Holder heard of one Robert Fowler, of Holderness, who, in 1652, had joined the The Holders of H older ness 41 monthly meeting of Holderness, and who was building a ship. Whether it was the suggestion of his friends is not known, but the fact remains that while building the vessel Robert Fowler became impressed with the belief that it would be required for some important service, and, finally, when Christopher Holder and his friends proposed to him, through Gerard Rodgers, to take them to America on ''the Lord's service," he readily assented, believing that he had been divinely commissioned for the purpose. The ship was equipped, chris- tened the ''Woodhouse," and, ''being fully persuaded that the Lord had called them to bear testimony to His truth in these parts, and having a full assurance that He would support them through vv^hat soever exercises He should be pleased to suffer them to be tried with," the following em- barked: Christopher Holder, William Brend, John Copeland, Sarah Gibbons, Mary Weatherhead and Dorothy Waugh. 42 The Holders of H older ness Besides these, a similar impression of relig- ious duty was felt by five others, who also sailed in the "Woodhouse," namely, Rob- ert Hodgson, Humphrey Norton, Richard Doudney, William Robinson and Mary Clark. CHAPTER V. SECOND VOYAGE OF CHRISTOPHER HOLDER. Voyage of the "Woodhouse."— Remarkable Navigation.— Sailing by Impressions Received at Daily Meetings.— Arrival in Long Island Sound. — Christopher Holder Again in New England. The ''Woodhouse" sailed on the ist of April, 1657. She was entirely inadequate for the purpose, being small for a coaster; but, as William Dewsbury, who visited the vessel as she lay on the dunes, wrote to Margaret Fell, "When I came ofif, they did go on in the name and power of the Lord." The vessel put in at Portsmouth to escape a storm, and again at Southampton on the 6th, from which William Robinson, who was later hung on Boston Common by En- dicott, wrote a letter to Margaret Fell, in which Christopher Holder is referred to, and finally, on the nth of April, she cleared, with crew of three men and three 44 The Holders of Holderness boys, reaching New Amsterdam the ist of June, 1657, the trip across the ocean re- quiring- seven weeks. The log or history of this eventful voyage was written by Cap- tain Robert Fowler, and the original manu- script, endorsed by George Fox, is still in the possession of the Society of Friends in London. The title is as follows: "A true relation of the voyage undertaken by me, Robert Fowler, with my small vessel the 'Woodhouse,' but performed by the Lord like as he did Noah's ark wherein he shut up a few righteous persons and landed them safe even at the hill Ararat. "Upon the first day of the Fourth Month, called June, received I the Lord's servants aboard, who came with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm with them; so that with courage we set sail, and came to the Downs the 2d day, where our dearly beloved William Dewsbury, with Mich. Thompson came aboard, and in them we were much refreshed; and, after recom- The Holders of Holderness 45 mending us to the grace of God, we launched forth. ''Again reason entered upon me, and thoughts rose in me to have gone to the Admiral, and have made complaint for the want of my servants, and for a convoy, from which thing I was withholden by that Hand which was my helper. Shortly after the south wind blew a little hard, so that it caused us to put in at Portsmouth, where I was furnished with choice of men, accord- ing to one of the captain's words to me, that I might have enough for money; but he said my vessel was so small, he would not go the voyage in her. ''Certain days we lay there, wherein the ministers of Christ were not idle, but went forth and gathered sticks, and kindled a fire, and left it burning; also several Friends came on board and visited us, in which we were refreshed. Again we launched forth from thence about the nth day of the Fourth Month, and were put back again 46 The Holders of Holderness into South Yarmouth, where we went ashore, and there in some measure did the Hke. Also we met with three pretty large ships which were for the Newfoundland, who did accompany us about fifty leagues, but might have done 300, if they had not feared the men-of-war; but for escaping them they took to the northward, and left us without hope of help as to the outward; though before our parting it was showed to Humphrey Norton early in the morn- ing, that they were nigh unto us that sought our lives, and he called unto me and told me; but said, Thus saith the Lord, ye shall be carried away as in a mist;' and presently w^e espied a great ship making up towards us, and the three great ships were much afraid, and tacked about with what speed they could; in the very interim the Lord God fulfilled his promise, and struck our enemies in the face with a con- trary wind, wonderfully to our refreshment. Then upon our parting with these three The Holders of Holderness 47 ships we were brought to ask counsel of the Lord, and the word was from Him, 'Cut through and steer your straightest course, and mind nothing but me;' unto which thing He much provoked us, and manifested himself largely unto us, and caused us to meet together every day, and He himself met with us, and manifested himself largely unto us, so that by storms we were not prevented (from meeting) above three times in all our voyage. The sea was my figure, for if anything got up within, the sea without rose up against me, and then the floods clapped their hands, of which in time I took notice, and told Hum- phrey Norton. Again, in a vision of the night, I saw some anchors swimming about the water, and something of a ship which crossed our way, which in meeting I saw fulfilled, for I myself, with others, had lost ours, so that for a little season the vessel run loose in a manner: which afterwards, 48 The Holders of Holderness by the wisdom of God, was recovered into a better condition than before. "Also upon the 25th day of the month, in the morning, we saw another great ship making up towards us, which did appear, far off, to be a frigate, and make her sign for us to come to them, which unto me was a great cross, we being to windward of them; and it was said, 'Go speak him, the cross is sure; did I ever fail thee therein?' And unto others there appeared no danger in it, so that we did; and it proved a trades- man of London, by whom we writ back. Also it is very remarkable, when we had been five weeks at sea in a bark, wherein the power of darkness appeared in the greatest strength against us, having sailed but 300 leagues, Humphrey Norton, falling into communion with God, told me that he had received a comfortable answer; and also that about such a day we should land in America, which was even so fulfilled. Also it was all the voyage with the faithful, who The Holders of Holderness 49 were carried far above storms and tem- pests, that when the ship went either to the right hand or to the left, their hands joined all as one, and did direct her way; so that we have seen and said, we see the Lord leading our vessel even as it were a man leading a horse by the head; we re- garding neither latitude nor longitude, but kept to our Line, which was and is our Leader, Guide, and Rule, but they that did not failed. "Upon the last day of the Fifth Month, 1657, we made land. It was part of Long Island, far contrary to the expectations of the pilot; furthermore, our drawing had been all the passage to keep to the south- wards, until the evening before we made land, and then the word was. There is a Hon in the way;' unto which we gave obedi- ence and said, 'Let them steer northwards until the day following;' and soon after the midde of the day there was a drawing to meet together before our usual time, and 50 The Holders of Holderness it was said, that we may look abroad in evening; and as we sat waiting upon the Lord they discovered the land, and our mouths were opened in prayer and thanks- giving; and as our way was made, we made towards it, and espying a creek, our advice was to enter there, but the will of man (in the pilot) resisted; but in that state we had learned to be content, and told him both sides were safe, but that going that way would be more trouble to him; also he saw after he had laid by all the night, the thing fulfilled. ''Now to lay before you, in short, the largeness of the wisdom, will, and power of God! thus, this creek led us between the Dutch Plantation and Long Island, where the movings of some Friends were unto, which otherwise would have been very dif- ficult for them to have gotten to; also the Lord that moved them brought to the place appointed, and led us into our way, according to the word which came unto The Holders of Holderness 51 Christopher Holder, 'You are in the road to Long Island.' In that creek came a shallop to meet us, taking us to be strangers, we making our way with our boat, and they spoke English, and in- formed us, and also guided us along. The power of the Lord fell much upon us, and an irresistible word came unto us, That the seed in America shall be as the sand of the sea; it was pubHshed in the ears of the brethren, which caused tears to break forth with fulness of joy; so that presently for these places some prepared themselves, who were Robert Hodgson, Richard Doudney, Sarah Gibbons, Mary Weather- head, and Dorothy Waugh, who the next day were put safely ashore into the Dutch Plantation, called New Amsterdam. We came, and it being the First-day of the week several came aboard to us, and we be- gan our work. I was caused to go to the Governor, and Robert Hodgson with me — he was moderate both in words and actions. 52 The Holders of Holderness "Robert and I had several days before seen in a vision the vessel in great danger; the day following this, it was fulfilled, there being a passage betwixt two lands, which is called by the name of Hell-gate; we lay very conveniently for a pilot, and into that place we came, and into it were forced, and over it were carried, which I never heard of any before that were; (there were) rocks many on both sides, so that I believe one yard's length would have endangered loss of both vessel and goods. Also there was a shoal of fish which pursued our vessel, and followed her strangely, and along close by our rudder; and in our meeting it was shown me, these fish are to be to thee a figure. Thus doth the prayers of the churches proceed to the Lord for thee and the rest. Surely in our meeting did the thing run through me as oil, and bid me much rejoice. "Robert Fowler. "Endorsed by George Fox, ''R. Fozder's Voyage, 1657." The Holders of Holderness 53 In referring to this voyage and the in- domitable spirit of these missionaries, Beck, an English historian of the Quakers, writes of Christopher Holder and his friends, "Truly, as will be seen, there was the germ of the American Friends' Society enshrined in that little craft." Probably no more remarkable voyage was ever undertaken. The captain had never made an ocean trip before, knew nothing of navigation, con- fessing in his log that latitude and longi- tude were disregarded. The ship was sailed by the "word" which came to the ministers in their daily silent meetings, and, as they lost but three days by foul weather, they kept the course, with a few exceptions. CHAPTER VI. CHRISTOPHER HOLDER IN AMERICA. First Work of Quakers. — Preaches in Martha's Vineyard. — Be- friended by the Indians. — Walks Across Country to Sand- wich.— Early Trials and Tribulations. Of the eleven Friends, five decided to be- gin their ministry in New Amsterdam, but Christopher Holder and John Copeland de- termined to make their way to Boston, sailing on the "Woodhouse", June 3d. On the 1 2th John Copeland wrote to his par- ents, "I and Christopher Holder are going to Martha's Vineyard, in obedience to the will of God, which is our joy." A letter from them at this time says: ''We were received with much joy of heart. The Lord of Hosts is with us, the shout of a King is amongst us. The people fear our God, for his goodness is large and great, and reaches to the end of the earth 5 56 The Holders of H older ness . . . Take no thought for me. Man I do not fear, . . . for my trust is in the Lord. . . . the seed in America shall be as the sands of the sea." A prophecy which seems to have been justi- fied, as, despite the many drawbacks, th^ Society increased and became a power in the land. After spending some time among the friendly people of Providence, preaching in various towns, Christopher Holder "felt it required of them to visit Martha's Vine- yard," and, engaging a man to carry them over, they landed on the i6th of June. At this period the Island was the home of the Algonquin Indians, in whose conversion the Puritans were deeply interested. They had established a mission there, at the head of which was the son of the governor of the island. The Puritans also had their own church or meeting-house, which, ac- cording to the custom of the time, was a public ''steeplehouse.'' This was in charge The Holders of H older ness 57 of a minister named Mayhew. The two missionaries were now again in the enemy^s country, from which they had been sum- marily banished but a year before, and were Hable to arrest at any moment. Even the fisherman who transported them from the mainland was in grave danger for aiding and abetting them. They attended the service of Mayhew, and when he had con- cluded Christopher Holder arose and ad- dressed the meeting, saying that they brought the Word as understood by the Friends, and were messengers bearing God's love to their brethren in America. The English Friend had not proceeded far, when, at the order of the minister, a con- stable seized him, and, thrusting him vio- lently from the church, bade him remain there and cease his heretical language. But, believing that they were directly called, the missionaries refused, and joined the congregation in its afternoon meeting; and, when the clergyman had ended the 58 The Holders of H older ness service, they again attempted to speak, and had some controversy with the congre- gation on doctrinal points. They were not molested, but during the evening cer- tain citizens entered a complaint against them, and the following morning the gov- ernor, with a constable, called and de- manded why they were there. The reply was because they were obeying the will of God. At this the governor laughed, and answered, *Tt is the will of God that you both leave to-day. I have provided a na- tive to carry you across; pay him and go your way." But the missionaries were not to be dis- couraged; they believed it was their duty to remain, so they refused to facilitate their eviction by paying their fare to the "Algon- quin" or to leave the island. Their refusal to go, and their perfect confidence in the position they had taken, dumfounded the governor, who, after expostulating with them, ordered the constable to search them The Holders of Ho Id em ess 59 and take the passage money by force. During the struggle the natives took sides with the two defenseless Quakers, and re- fused to be a party to their enforced de- parture. The governor was nonplussed, and, as the weather was stormy, and none of the Puritans would put to sea with the Quakers, he left them where they stood, ordering that no one should give them shelter. He did not count on the Algonquins, as these intelligent natives invited the Quakers to their village, and entertained them with every kindness for three days; and when they took their departure finally, asking the Indians to transport them to the mainland, the latter refused to accept the slightest reward. The chief replied to Christopher Holder's offer of money in a manner that showed that these rude na- tives were princes when hospitality was concerned. *'We wish no pay," said the Algonquin; "you are strangers, and Jeho- 6o The Holders of Holderness vah has taught us to love strangers." 'These poor people," says Sewell, "acted more in unison with the spirit of Christian- ity than those who were wont to be their teachers, declining to receive their re- ward." Such simple and feeling language was a striking rebuke to the bigotry and intolerance which marked ''the conduct of their highly professing teachers." The Algonquins landed Christopher Holder and his companion on the mainland near Barnstable in safety, and they began the march across the barren country. In 1657 Indians were almost the sole occupants of the forest, and between Martha's Vineyard and Plymouth there were but two Eng- lish settlements — Sandwich and Falmouth. The men must have had sublime faith, as there were no roads, no signs to direct the wayfarer; only a tractless forest. They knew the general direction, and, with blan- kets and the food provided by the Indians, they began the long walk to Sandwich, The Holders of Holderncss 6i where they hoped to have a meeting. In due time they arrived, passing over the long stretches of sand dunes, finally reach- ing Sandv^ich. At this time the tov^n was represented by a collection of log houses, and the wanderers found shelter in one of these, soon learning that religious intoler- ance had created unrest in the town, and that some of the people were eager for the new word which they brought. Sewell says: *Their arrival at this place was hailed with feelings of satisfaction by many who were sincere seekers after heavenly riches, but who had long been burdened with a lifeless ministry and dead forms of re- ligion." It will be remembered that these were the first meetings held in New England by Quakers. The previous year Christopher Holder and his friends had indeed reached Boston, but they spent the eleven weeks in jail; hence Sandwich became the first 62 The Holders of Holdemess field for the Friends in the Colonies of Ply- mouth or Massachusetts. The memory of Christopher Holder is still kept green by the descendants of his original converts. The meetings were held in the homes of those who were willing to ha\ne them. The people were eager for the word, and in a short time the efforts of the eloquent preacher were repaid by the ac- cession of eighteen families to the ranks of the Friends. But Sandwich was no excep- tion to the rule of intolerance which held in the colony at this period. Endicott and Norton had emissaries even here, who were familiar with the laws which had been en- acted the preceding summer for the evic- tion or banishment of Christopher Holder and his companions, and when the rumor was circulated that two EngHsh Quakers had arrived and were preaching, they were at once denounced and a constable was sent to arrest them. The Friends were holding a meeting in the home of a convert The Holders of Holderness 63 named Allen — whose descendants still re- side in Sandwich — when some one warned them of the threatened danger. The house stood near some high, deeply-wooded hills, and to these the Httle congregation ad- journed their meeting, that the services might continue and that Christopher Holder and his friends might escape arrest and consequent indignities. Reaching the hilltop, they looked down into a deep and beautiful glen or hollow, which seemed to invite them to its leafy seclusion, and, press- ing on, these earnest fugitives from relig- ious intolerance, which pursued them even into God's temples, made their way through the thicket and came to a level spot by the side of a little stream, where, beneath the blue sky, surrounded by masses of luxuriant verdure, Christopher Holder and his young friend, John Copeland, con- ducted a meeting which so impressed these converts that to this day, nearly two hun- dred and fifty years later, his personality 64 The Holders of Holderness clings to the spot, which is known all through Barnstable county as ''Christo- pher's Hollow." The attention of the au- thor was first called to this fact some years ago by the late Emily Holder Howe, then residing in Boston, also a descendant of Christopher Holder, who sent the follow- ing version, written by a resident of Sand- wich: "About a mile southwesterly from Spring Hill village is a deep sequestered glen or hollow in the wood. No spot in the county of Barnstable is more secluded or lovely. The quiet glen is surrounded by a ridge of hills, covered in part by trees, and is some one hundred and twenty-five feet deep. In the spring and summer a small stream of water runs into this glen, which keeps up a perpetual murmur. For over two centuries this lovely spot has been called 'Christopher's Hollow,' in memory of Christopher Holder. On an August day in 1657, after the severe penal TJie Holders of Holderness 65 act of the provincial legislature had passed, a small, sincere band of worshipers met at Allen's house, Spring Hill, but immedi- ately adjourned to the hollow to offer up devout supplications to Him who is no re- specter of persons. Persons visiting this place notice on the westerly side a row of flat stones, which are believed to have been the seats upon which this meager congre- gation sat and listened to the heartfelt teachings of Christopher Holder, a sincere and upright man." On the two hundred and fiftieth anniver- sary of Sandwich — 1639- 1889 — a poem was written and read by Miss Mary A. D. Con- roy, of Roxbury, in which Christopher's Hollow is referred to. Some of the lines were as follows: "Their meeting-place — a sylvan glen, Environed by protecting trees. Here, far removed from curious eyes, Their God they worshiped silently. Their choir the myriad song birds were; 66 The Holders of Holderness Their hassocks, stones; the mossy sward Beneath their feet their carpet was. An azure ceil, the sky above. No temple made by mortal hands Could rival this in loveliness." The author determined to visit "Christo- pher's Hollow" at the first opportunity, and one beautiful morning in September found himself in the old town of Sandwich, and riding over roads which Christopher Holder must have tramped, pack on back, or have been forced along by his assailants. The driver pointed out the historic homes' of Friends here and there — Aliens, Wings, Hoxies, Ewers and many more, all names now honored in the Society and the world at large. Then came the meeting-house, a large, commodious building, plain and somber, but with an air of sanctity and rest. Extending from it was a long line of well-built sheds for the comfort of the horses, and in the rear, in a peaceful re- treat, the burying ground, where the Friends of Sandwich rested in their last Friends' Meeting House, at Sandwich, Mass., the site of first meeting house in America, Tlie Holders of Holderness 67 sleep. By the railroad stood the oldest Friends' burying ground in America. Here lie the converts of Christopher Holder and John Copeland, who had listened to their earnest ministry and had lifted their prayers for his safety when beaten and scourged for preaching to them. The meeting-house stands upon the original spot where the first Friends' meeting- house in America was built. Reference to it is found in the Sandwich records, the date being 1672, and as Christopher Holder was in America then with George Fox, there is every reason to believe that he preached there many times. The sec- ond meeting-house was built in 1704; the third and present building in 1816. Not far distant the driver indicated a house, the only one in Sandwich, that stood in the days of Christopher Holder, and in which he probably preached, as it was the house of a Friend, one Wing, who built it in 1644. The Wings early became prominently iden- 68 The Holders of Holderness tified with the Friends, and the family still occupies the ancient house, so rich in his- torical associations. From here the author was driven up into the low hills to the south, from which a fine view of Barnstable county is visible. In every direction the flat lands stretch away, rich in the greens of the boglands, where the cranberry pickers were at work, or merge into sand dunes or patches of forest. At the summit the driver stopped and pointed to a dense wood as "Christo- pher's Hollow\" Leaving the carriage, the author plunged into the thicket, and after a short walk stood on the slope of a great amphitheater. Pines, scrub oaks and lichen- covered shrubs barred the way, pushing through which the bottom was reached, where, according to the information re- ceived, there was a little meadow, well grassed, suggesting that in the early spring it was the bed of a brook that drained the slopes and found its way on to the south The Holders of Holdeniess 69 between the hills, and went murmurmg on to the distant sea. The location was emi- nently adapted to the exigency forced upon the early Sandwich Friends, as such a spot would not be suspected from the road. The thickly-wooded slopes rose on all sides, forming walls of green; the can- opy, the heavens. It was a peaceful retreat; the air soft and fragrant. From here and there came the sweet songs of birds, and as the sun poured brilliantly down, illumining the greens of the pines and spruce, bring- ing out the blazing colors of autumnal foli- age, the little glen seemed to take on new beauties, and the scene could well be im- agined when the few devout men and women led the two fugitive ministers down the slope and gathered about them, the deep silence that followed, the earnest faces and the stirring words from these men, who feared God alone, and who faced death and torture, not once, but many times, that they might preach His word. The yo The Holders of H older ness hollow was crossed and recrossed, the course of the valley followed; then, after gathering the red berries of the winter- green, which carpeted the hollow, and some acorns to plant in the California home of a descendant of the faithful mis- sionary, the author again forced his way through the thick growth that guards the secret of the Friends of old and stood on the highway that winds around deep gorges and glens that make up the beauties of old Sandwich. The accompanying view of ''Christo- pher's Hollow" was made at this time, from a location near the bottom, but the brush and oaks were so thick that a comprehen- sive view of the glen was impossible, and the photograph gives but a suggestion of the high wall of verdure that environs the first Friends' meeting-house in America, now known as ''Christopher's Hollow." To Sandwich belongs the honor, then, of being what may be termed the pioneer Christopher's Hollow. The Holders of Hold em ess 71 Quaker town in America. Here, events rapidly occurred which were especially epoch-making. Here, Christopher Holder and John Copeland, of Holderness, forrned the first Society of Friends on this conti- nent, received the first welcome and planted the seed from which sprung one of the most remarkable religious organi- zations in the world — remarkable not for its spectacular features or for its preten- tious doctrines, but for its purity, its abso- lute disinterestedness and its near approach to that highest standard of moral perfec- tion expressed by the life and teaching of the founder of the Christian religion. CHAPTER VII. THE REIGN OF TERROR. Christopher Holder Banished from Plymouth.— Religious Cus- toms of the Time.— Strenuous Life of the Quaker Ministers. That Governor Endicott and the Puri- tan priests — Norton and others of Boston — intended to create a virtual reign of ter- ror in the ranks of the people they deri- sively termed Quakers there is no possible question, and to accomplish this they ap- pointed of^cials in every town to watch for them; hence the meetings in Sandwich could not be concealed, nor was it the desire of Christopher Holder to preach in secret; he boldly proclaimed his mission. Norton, in his "Ensign," says, ''Great was the stir and noise of the tumultuous town." ''Yea all in an uproar hearing that we, who were called by such a name as Quakers, 74 The Holders of Holdeniess were come into these parts. A great fire was kindled, and the hearts of many did burn within them, so that in the heat some said one thing, and some another, but the most part knew not what was the matter." So great was the agitation among the Puritan settlers that the two ministers took up their packs and began the march over the then almost trackless country to Plymouth, where they announced their coming by rising in the "ordinary," or pub- lic church, after the service and preaching. Some of the Puritans endeavored to stop them; others were inclined to argue and dispute, while many were desirous of hear- ing them. But the priests led the clamor so successfully that the authorities or- dered them to leave the colony of Ply- mouth. A large and threatening crowd gathered, and the Friends informed them that they could not leave the colony until they had made another visit to Sandwich; in a word, refused to go and demanded the The Holders of Holderness 75 nature of the charges against them. The constable allowed them to pass to their lodgings unmolested, but their enemies held a meeting at night, and on the follow- ing morning the ministers were arrested and taken before the magistrates and ques- tioned. But the authorities could find no reasonable excuse for committing them to prison, and so compromised by discharging them and ordered them ''to begone out of their colony." This mandate the Friends refused to obey. They left Plymouth, but turned in the direction of Sandwich, a fact that was soon reported by some who followed, and a con- stable was sent after them, who forced them to walk six miles or more in the di- rection of Rhode Island and then left them, whereupon the ministers turned soon after and walked to Sandwich to complete their labors. Their re-appearance, and the fact that they had made many converts, roused the priests, and they demanded that the 76 Tlie Holders of Holderness Quakers be arrested, which was carried out, and in a few days they were again taken before the magistrate of Plymouth, charged with being "ranters and dangerous persons." This time the governor of Plymouth ex- amined them in person, and again ''no in- fraction of the law was found against them"; yet, to silence the clamor aroused by the Puritan priests, they were ordered to leave the colony. Sewell says: '*It ap- pears that their gospel ministry had been instrumental in convincing many at this place of the principles of Friends, a circum- stance which increased the alarm of the priests, who now exerted their utmost to procure their banishment. The urgent ap- peal was effective, and the governor, to satisfy them, issued a warrant for the arrest of Christopher Holder and John Copeland as extravagant persons and vagabonds, to be brought before him at Plymouth." It is at this time that we observe the first in- The Holders of Holderness yy tervention of Friends, and here began the series of outrages against sympathizers with the Quakers that constitutes so black a page in New England history. Some of the meetings at Sandwich had been held at the home of William Newland, a zealous convert, and between him and the harassed ministers there had sprung up a warm and devoted friendship, and when the latter were arrested and were apparently to be condemned without a hearing, William Newland sprang to his feet in the crowded court-room and insisted that Christopher Holder's demand for a copy of the warrant under which they were deprived of their liberty should be complied with, protesting that it was illegal and an outrage against justice not to accede to their request. The governor was indignant at this bold parti- sanship, and forthwith fined the brave Newland ten shillings and severely rebuked him. Christopher Holder and his friend were now arraigned before the court of 78 The Holders of Holderness Plymouth, the priests appearing against them, and again the magistrates informed them that there was a law forbidding them to remain in the colony. To this Christo- pher Holder repHed that, "being in the Lord's service, he could not promise to leave." Highly incensed, the officers is- sued a warrant for their expulsion, and told them that if they returned again they would be ''whipped as vagabonds." The following is a copy of this warrant, taken from the colonial records, dated at Ply- mouth, August 31, 1657: 'To the Under-Marshal of the Jurisdic- tion of Plymouth, "Whereas, there hath been two ex- travagant persons, professing themselves Quakers, at the town of Plymouth, who, ac- cording to order, may not be permitted to abide within the liberty of this jurisdiction. These are therefore in the name of his high- ness, the Lord Protector of England, Scot- land, and Ireland, to will and command The Holders of Holderness 29 you forthwith, on receipt hereof, to convey the said persons, viz, Christopher Holder and John Copeland, unto the utmost bounds of our jurisdiction. Whereof fail not at your peril." In accordance with this, the under-mar- shal marched them five miles in the direc- tion of Rhode Island, and left them in the forest, without food or shelter. But Rhode Island at this early time afforded refuge to the oppressed, and the two men were welcomed in that colony. Holder has been criticised by some his- torians, who have attempted to defend Endicott and the inquisitors of the time, who have said that to enter the churches of the Puritans, and address the congrega- tions and endeavor to make converts, was little less than an outrage, and was suffi- cient reason for the outbreaks against the Quakers. These writers are, to say the least, ignorant of the methods and customs of the day. After the service of the priest, 8o The Holders of Hold em ess any one was allowed to speak, and Christo- pher Holder merely took advantage of this custom. John Cotton, a Puritan pastor of Boston, thus describes the degree of liberty allowed in 1657, as quoted by Bowden: "When there be more prophets as pastors and teachers they may prophesy two or three, and if the time permit the elders may call any other of the brethren, whether of the same church, or any other, to speak a word of exhortation to the people; and for the better edifying of a man's self, or others, it may be lawful for any (young or old) save any w^omen to ask questions at the mouth of the prophets." In 1643 the following declaration of the faith and order of the Baptist and Congre- gational churches was issued, which bears upon the point at issue: ''Although it is incumbent upon the pastors and teachers of the churches to be instant in preaching the w^ord, by way of office ; yet the work of preaching the word is not so peculiarly The Holders of Holderness 8i confined to them, but that others also gifted and filled by the Holy Spirit for it, and approved, being by lawful ways and means in the providence of God called thereto may, publickly, ordinarily and con- stantly perform it, so that they give them- selves up thereto." Robert Barclay states that the English Independents "also go so far as to af^rm that any gifted brother, as they call them, if he finds himself qualified thereto, may instruct, exhort and preach in the church." Cromwell, in 1650, threw open the pulpits of the rigid Presbyterian church to "all intruders," and, when protest was made, he replied: ''We look upon minis- ters as helpers of, not lords over, the faith of God's people. Where do you find in Scripture that preaching is exclusively your functions? Are you troubled that Christ is preached? Doth it scandalize you, the reformed churches and Scotland in particu- lar? Is it against the Covenant? Away with the Covenant, if it be so! I thought 82 The Holders of Holderness the Covenant and these men would have been wilHng that any should speak good of the name of Christ; if not, it is no Cove- nant of God's approving, nor the kirk you mention, the spouse of Christ." (Crom- well's Letters and Speeches, by Thomas Carlyle, Vol. I, p. 6i.) It is on record that, in 1656, Dr. Gunning, afterward regius professor of Divinity at Cambridge and bishop of Ely, went into the congre- gation of John Biddle, the father of Eng- lish Unitarians, and began a dispute with him. George Fox was a frequent visitor at the "steeplehouse." On very rare oc- casions he imitated the example of the bishop, but it was his custom to wait quietly until the minister had ended, when he would often be invited to speak. From this it will be seen that it was a custom of the time for any gifted man to rise and preach in a "steeplehouse" after the regular service had ended, and Christo- pher Holder was but following an estab- The Holders of Holderness 83 lished precedent when he modestly entered the piibHc places of worship in Plymouth and Massachusetts colony and preached to the people upon the completion of the service. There is no evidence that any Friend ever made an attempt, in the sHghtest way, to disturb a Puritan meeting. It was the strong undercurrent of religious intoler- ance which cropped out among the Puri- tans at the slightest innovation in religious forms and behef that caused the trouble. The Puritans avowedly came to America to enjoy religious liberty, yet they abso- lutely refused others participation in the divine right. Bowden says: ''A strong and deep conviction was vested in their (Friends) minds that the prevailing relig- ious systems were essentially opposed to the pure and spiritual religion of Christ. They were not less fully persuaded of this, it may be added, on less substantial grounds than John Huss, or Martin Luther 84 The Holders of Holderness was of the anti-Christian character of the Romish church. They beHeved themselves called upon to testify, 'in the name of the Lord/ against a system which contained so woeful an admixture of human invention." This is referred to, that the remarkable persistence of these ministers in returning to the fields from which they had been driven may be understood; briefly, they ex- emplified the highest type of missionary fervor, and sacrificed themselves on the altar of their convictions, acts which, it may be said, were not peculiar to Friends at this and previous periods. In this connection it is interesting to glance at the misinterpretation of the work of early Friends in history. Writers even to-day prepare papers and books on Friends and impute to them crimes and follies which rest alone on tradition and calumny for their foundation. Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, of Massachusetts, ac- cording to Hallowell, says: 'The Friends The Holders of Holdeniess 85 were drunk with religious zeal." He evi- dently believes that it was not unusual for them to appear naked in public, and he describes them as "rioters and disturbers of the peace." When we turn to the preface of Senator Lodge's book, we find the re- markable statement that he makes ''abso- lutely no pretense to original research." *7^idged by his text," says Hallowell, ''this ingenious admission should be supple- mented by a confession that his research for information as to Massachusetts Quakers did not include a single Quaker authority of either early or recent date." Many historians of to-day copy the views of the fanatical Cotton Mather, who called Quakers, in his "Magnalia," "devil-driven creatures" and "dangerous villains." John Fiske, of Cambridge, in an article in Har- per's Magazine for December, 1882, is an example of an historian who has written on the Quakers, according to Hallowell, "without having examined the pages of a 86 The Holders of Holderness single Quaker authority, and enlivens it with Cotton Mather's libel that the Friends called the Bible the 'Word of the Devil' " If Mr. Fiske and Mr. Lodge had even glanced at the literature of Friends, they would have at least been in a position to do them justice. CHAPTER VIII. RHODE ISLAND COLONY FRIENDLY. Endicott Appeals to Rhode Island to Aid Him in Expelling Holder and Copeland.— Rhode Island Refuses and Appeals to England. The colony of Rhode Island, from the very first distinguished for its tolerance, af- forded a literal haven for the hunted Quakers in the following days. Christo- pher Holder and John Copeland made many converts in Sandwich and Plymouth, and were spreading the Word in the colony of Rhode Island so rapidly that the priests and rulers in Boston became alarmed, and so worked upon the superstitious fears of Governor Endicott that he entered a vigor- ous protest. So thoroughly had the doc- trine of the Friends been disseminated that liberal Puritans were joining their ranks everywhere, and even as early as August, 7 88 The Holders of Holderncss 1657, the Friends constituted a "party," small and insignificant numerically, strong in fearlessness and faith, opposed to which were those fighting for the ascendency of Puritan orthodoxy. On one side was Governor Endicott, the priests, magis- trates and authorities; on the other, Chris- topher Holder, John Copeland, who be- lieved they were called to a duty from which there was no turning. Legions they had none; their human support their con- verts and a few Friends in Plymouth and Sandwich. But, as these leaders moved on, converts seem to have sprung up in their path Hke grain after the sower, and as the missionaries announced their intention of going to Boston, it is not surprising that the report caused no small degree of alarm and excitement. Bowen says: ''In their (Puritan) estimation it was an evil of such magnitude, and so fraught with danger to the true interests of that religion for which they and their forefathers had suffered, as The Holders of Holderness 89 to require counteracting measures of a very decided character." This took the form of a movement to compel the colony of Rhode Island to join with Massachusetts in driv- ing out Holder and Copeland, and, on Sep- tember 12, 1657, the commissioners of the United Colonies addressed the following letter to the governor of Rhode Island: "Gentlemen, — We suppose you have un- derstood that the last year a company of Quakers arrived in Boston, upon no other account than to disperse their pernicious opinions, had they not been prevented by the prudent care of the government, who, by that experience they had of them, being sensible of the danger that might befall the Christian religion here professed, by suffer- ing such to be received or continued in the country, presented the same unto the Com- missioners at the meeting in Plymouth; who, upon that occasion, commended \t to the general courts of the United Colo- nies, that all Quakers, Ranters, and such 90 The Holders of Holderness notorious heretics, might be prohibited coming among us; and that if such should arise amongst ourselves, speedy care might be taken to remove them; (and as v^e are informed) the several jurisdictions have made provision accordingly; but it is by experience found that means will fall short without further care by reason of your ad- mission and receiving of such, from whence they may have opportunity to create in amongst us, or means to infuse and spread their accursed tenets to the great trouble of the colonies, if not to the professed in them; notwithstanding any care that hath been hitherto taken to prevent the same; whereof we cannot but be very sensible and think no care too great to preserve us from such a pest, the contagion whereof (if received) within your colony, were dangerous to be diffused to the others by means of the intercourse, es- pecially to the places of trade amongst us; v^^hich we desire may be with safety con- The Holders of Holdenicss 91 tinued between us; we therefore make it our request, that you and the rest of the colonies, take such order herein that your neighbors may be freed from that danger. That you remove these Quakers that have been received, and for the future prohibit their coming amongst you; whereunto the rule of charity unto yourselves and us (we conceive), doth oblige you; wherein if you should we hope you will not be wanting; yet we could not but signify this our desire; and further declare, that we apprehend that it will be our duty seriously to consider, what provision God may call us to make to prevent the aforesaid mischief; and further for our further guidance and direction here- in, we desire you to impart your mind and resolution to the General Court of Massa- chusetts, which assembleth the 14th of Oc- tober next. We have not further to trouble you at present, but to assure you we desire to continue your loving friends and neigh- 92 The Holders of Holderness bors the Commissioners of the United Colonies. ''Boston, September 12th, 1657." This letter was submitted by the gov- ernor of Rhode Island to the Court of Trials, held at Providence August 15th fol- lowing, and the reply is a credit to the in- telligence and discernment of the followers of Roger Williams and the people of Rhode Island. The colony refused point blank to be a party with Endicott to the abridg- ment of the reHgious liberty of any citizen. The law of their colony was "that none be accounted a delinquent for doctrine" (en- actment of 1 641), and that "they had re- solved that no settler or stranger within the limits of their jurisdiction should be persecuted for whatever opinions in re- ligion he might either hold or teach." This was the tenor of their immediate ver- bal reply to Endicott's messenger. The of^cial and well-written answer was not The Holders of Holderness 93 given until January, 1658, a reproof in itself. The reply is as follows: ''From the General Assembly to the Commissioners of the United Colonies. "Honoured Gentlemen, — There hath been presented to our view, by our hon- oured president, a letter bearing date Sep- tember 25th last, subscribed by the hon- oured gentlemen. Commissioners of the United Colonies, concerning a company of people (lately arrived in these parts of the world), commonly known by the name of Quakers; who are generally conceived per- nicious, either intentionally, or at least- wise in efTect, even to the corrupting of good manners, and disturbing the common peace, and societies, of the places where they arise or resort unto, &c. ''Now, whereas freedom of different con- sciences, to be protected from enforce- ments was the principal ground of our charter, both with respect to our humble suit for it, as also the true intent of the 94 The Holders of Holderness honourable and renowned Parliament of England, in granting the same unto us; which freedom we still prize as the greatest happiness that men can possess in this world; therefore, we shall, for the preser- vation of our civil peace and order, the more seriously take notice that those peo- ple, and any other that are here, or shall come among us, be impartially required, and to our utmost constrained, to perform all duties requisite towards the maintaining the dignity of his highness, and the gov- ernment of that most renowned Common- wealth of England, in this colony; which is most happily included under the same do- minions and we are so graciously taken into protection thereof. And in case they, the said people, called Quakers, which are here, or shall arise, or come among us, do refuse to submit to the doing of all duties aforesaid, as training, watching, and such other engagements as are upon members of civil societies, for the preservation of the The Holders of Holderness 95 same in justice and peace; then we deter- mine, yea, and we resolve (however) to take and make use of the first opportunity to inform our agent residing in England, that he may humbly present the matter (as touching the considerations premised, concerning the aforesaid people called Quakers), unto the supreme authority of England, humbly craving their advice and order, how to carry ourselves in any further respect towards those people— that there- withal there may be no damage, or in- fringement of that chief principle in our charter concerning freedom of conscience. And we also are so much the more encour- aged to make our addresses unto the Lord Protector, for his highness and govern- ment aforesaid, for that we understand there are, or have been, many of the afore- said people suffered to live in England; yea, even in the heart of the nation. And thus with our truly thankful acknowledg- ments of the honourable care of the hon- 96 The Holders of Holderness oured gentlemen, Commissioners of the United Colonies, for the peace and welfare of the whole country, as is expressed in their most friendly letter, we shall at pres- ent take leave and rest. Yours, most af- fectionately desirous of your honours and welfare .j^^^ Sandford, "Clerk of the Assembly. "From the General Assembly of the Col- ony of Providence Plantation, 'To the much honoured John Endicott, Governor of Massachusetts. To be also imparted to the honoured Commission- ers of the United Colonies at their next meeting; these." The General Assembly of Rhode Island, feeling that it was being criticised for ex- tending toleration to the Quakers, consid- ered it advisable to acquaint their repre- sentatives in England with the situation, and the following is an extract from the letter: The Holders of Holderness 97 *'The last year we had laden you with much employment, which we were then put upon, by reason of some too refractory among ourselves; wherein we appealed unto you for your advice, for the more public manifestation of it with respect to our superiors. But our intelligence it seems fell short, in the great loss of the ship, which is conceived here to be cast away. We have now a new occasion, given by an old spirit, because of a sort of people, called by the name of Quakers, who are come amongst us, and have raised up divers, who seem at present to be of their spirit, whereat the colonies about us seem to be offended with us, because the said people have their liberty amongst us, as entertained into our houses, or into our assemblies. And for the present, n^e have no just cause to charge them with the breach of the civil peace; only they are con- stantly going forth among them about us. 98 The Holders of Holderness and vex and trouble them in point of their rehgion and spiritual state, though they return with many a foul scar on their bodies for the same. And the ofTense our neigh- bors take against us is, because we take not some course against the said people, either to expel them from among us, or take such courses against them as they themselves do, who are in fear lest their religion should be corrupted by them. Concerning which displeasure that they seem to take it was expressed to us in a solemn letter, written by the Commis- sioners of the United Colonies at their sit- ting, as though they would bring us in to act according to their scantling, or else take some course to do us greater displeas- ure. A copy of which letter we have here- with sent unto you, wherein you may per- ceive how they express themselves. As also we have herewith sent our present answer unto them, to give you what light we may in this matter. There is one clause in The Holders of Holderness 99 their letter, which plainly impHes a threat, though covertly expressed. "Sir, this is our earnest and present re- quest unto you in this matter, as you may perceive in our answer to the United Colo- nies, that we fly, as to our refuge in all civil respects, to his highness and honour- able council, as not being subject to any others in matter of our civil state; so may it please you to have an eye and ear open in case our adversaries should seek to un- dermine us in our privileges granted unto us, and to plead our case in such sort as we may not be compelled to exercise any civil pozver over men's consciences, so long as human orders , in point of civility, are not corrupted and violated, which our neighbors about us do frequently practice, whereof many of us have large experience, and do judge it to he no less than a point of absolute cruelty- ^^j,^^ CHAPTER IX. CHRISTOPHER HOLDER IN SALEM. Entertained by Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick.— Speaks in the Old First Church.— Attacked by Puritan Official.— Saved by Samuel Shattuck (the King's Mes- senger).— In Jail at Boston. It will be seen that the labors of Christo- pher Holder at this time were the cause of much excitement, and as he moved northward this increased, culminating in acts which disgrace the pages of the colo- nies* history. It would appear that, in passing from Sandwich, Holder and Cope- land held services and made converts in all the towns — Plymouth, Duxbury, Mans- field, Dedham, Charleston, Cambridge and Lynn — and about the 15th of July they reached Salem, Christopher Holder being invited to make his home during his visit at the house of Lawrence and Cassandra I02 The Holders of Holderness Southwick,* an act of hospitality which ultimately caused the death of these sin- cere Friends in their banishment at Shelter Island. The two missionaries held a series of meetings and made many converts in Sa- lem. From Norton's ''Ensign" this joint reference is made to their ministry here: ''Having obtained mercy from God and being baptized in his covenant Jesus Christ we (Christopher Holder and John Cope- land) preached freely unto them the things we had seen and heard, and our hands had handled, which as an engrafted word took place in them, such as never can be routed out, so that our hearers in a short time be- came our fellow sufferers." On the 2ist of July, 1657, Christopher Holder entered *As seen in the appendix a descendant of Christo- pher Holder, William Penn Holder, brother of Francis T. Holder, married a descendant of Law- rence and Cassandra Southwick in the 19th century, about one hundred and seventy-four years later. See Whittier's poem, "Cassandra Southwick." William Peiin Holder and wife (from an old daguerreotype). Mrs. Holder was a descendant of Cassandra Southwick. The Holders of Holdcrness 103 the First Church, of Salem, which now stands in the rear of Essex Institute, [The author unlocked the ancient door and entered the building in 1901, just two hundred and forty-four years later.] Holder listened to the sermon, and when the priest had concluded and the time had arrived for laymen to speak, if they so de- sired, he rose and addressed the congrega- tion. His fame had preceded him, and many desired to hear him; but Salem was the home of Governor Endicott, the hot- bed of irrationaHsm, and the priest uttered so vigorous a protest that his partisans were aroused to ''much fury," and as Holder disregarded the interruptions and continued, one of the commissioners sprang forward, seized him by the hair and jerked him violently backward, at the same time attempting to force a handker- chief or a glove into his mouth. This sudden and cowardly attack from behind aroused intense excitement. The 8 I04 The Holders of Holderness members of the congregation started to their feet, some protesting, others encour- aging the commissioner, who dragged the unresisting Quaker toward the door, still endeavoring to choke him. Believing that Holder was in danger of his Hfe, one man braved public sentiment and barred the way, tearing the commissioner's arm from the minister's throat, and vigorously pro- tested against the injustice of the "furi- ous" action of the commissioner against a defenseless man. This was Samuel Shat- tuck, of Salem, whose descendants still live there, and who are by marriage con- nected with the descendants of Christopher Holder in the present century. This inci- dent is dwelt upon by all contemporary and later writers — Norton, Bishop, Sewell, Bowden, Whittier and others, hence has attained historical significance, and was the beginning of a series of outrages which dis- graced New England during the following years. So intense was the feeling aroused First Church, Salem, where Christopher Holder preached, 1657. The Holders of Holderness 105 against Samuel Shattuck for attempting to defend Christopher Holder that he was arrested at once, on the charge of ''being a friend to the Quakers." Holder was also arrested, and the following day they were sent to Boston. They were examined sep- arately, Bellingham, deputy governor, and Rawson, Endicott's secretary, examin- ing Holder, while the elder and deacon of the place examined Shattuck, hoping to detect them making different statements. *'But," wrote the prisoners, "we abiding in the truth, spake one thing, so that they had no advantage against us, neither could take hold of anything we had spoken." Bellingham, disappointed at not trip- ping them, said ''that their answers were elusive, and that the devil had taught them a deal of subtilty." Christopher Holder and John Copeland were now brought be- fore Governor Endicott, and, after the farce of a trial had been undergone, they were sentenced according to the laws io6 The Holders of Holderness which had been passed for their benefit the previous year, to ''receive thirty lashes." The sentence was carried out on Boston Common, the pubhc executioner being the agent. The prisoners' backs were bared and their arms bound to a post. The exe- cutioner, in the language of Bishop, used a three-corded knotted whip, and to make sure of his blows, measured his ground ''and fetched his blows with all his might." Thirty stripes were given, until the backs of the men were cut and stream- ing with blood that made them horrible spectacles, yet not a groan or word of re- proach came from their lips. So terrible was the punishment inflicted that the spec- tators were horrified, and one woman, ac- cording to Sewell, "fell as dead." "Torn and lacerated," says Bowden, "they were conveyed to their prison cell. Here, with- out any bedding, or even straw, to He upon, the inhuman gaoler kept them for three days, without food or drink, and in The Holders of Holderness 107 this dismal abode, often exposed to damp and cold, were these faithful men confined for the space of nine weeks." "We may wonder," continues Bowden, in his His- tory of Friends, "that under such aggra- vated cruelties their lives were spared, but He for whose holy cause they thus suffered was near at hand to support and console them. His ancient promise was fulfilled in their experience, and they rejoiced in the comforting assurance of His living power." Such were the conditions of religious liberty in Boston two hundred and forty- four years ago. Samuel Shattuck was im- prisoned, but was finally released on giving a bond of twenty pounds to answer the charge, "and not to assemble with any of the people called Quakers at their meet- ings." We next hear of him as a convert to the doctrine of the Friends, and he be- came a staunch friend of Christopher Holder. He lies in the Salem burying io8 The Holders of H older ness ground, and upon the ancient, half-buried headstone is the following inscription, which the author copied from the records of inscriptions in the Boston Library: "Here lyeth buried ye body of Samuel Shattuck aged 69 years, who departed this life in ye sixth day of June 1689. He was present at ye Friends meeting when Chris- topher Holder attempted to speak, and he endeavored to prevent their thrusting a handkerchief into Holder's mouth lest it should have choked him, for which attack he was carried to Boston and imprisoned, until he had given bond to answer at the next court and not to come to any Quaker meeting." Wishing to see the grave of this brave man — it required something more than bravery to take the stand he did — the au- thor went to Salem in 1901 and made a careful search of all the burying grounds, and finally found it in Charter Street. The name and date were distinct, but the stone Grave of Samuel Shattuck, " The King's Messenger," Salem, Mass. The Holders of H older ness 109 was more than two-thirds buried, evidently having sunk into the grave, hence the long inscription could not be seen. By the cour- tesy of W. J. Stickney a photograph is here shown of the stone to the memory of this good man and true. Alarmed at the rapid increase among Friends, the priests and others went to the greatest extremes to arouse public preju^ dice against the prisoners. They endeav- ored to inflame the public by stating that Christopher Holder and his friend were possessed with devils, and the most exag- gerated stories were related by talebearers and gossipmongers of the city, much to! their discredit, resulting in arousing the masses against them. Bowden says: 'The distorted views of Quaker tenets, which were industriously circulated throughout New England in justification of the cruel- ties practiced, could scarcely fail to pro- duce such a result. In the American colo- nies, as well as in England, calumny and no The Holders of Holderness misrepresentation were too generally fav- orite weapons of the enemies of the So- ciety.'' While lying almost helpless in jail, Chris- topher Holder replied to the charges of the enemies of Friends in a document* that, in its dignified language and its fervor and spirit, takes place as the most prominent document issued in America up to this time. It was the religious declaration of independence of America, and, singularly enough, recalls the famous political docu- ment issued in 1776. Bowden says: 'The document issued, an imperfect copy of which has been preserved, is rendered the *As the original Declaration of the Society of Friends (the first in England being dated 1658) this is a most interesting and valuable historical document The author regrets that all efforts to obtain the origi- nal have failed. The latter document in some way found its way into the hands of a distant relative of Goold Brown, of Lynn, whose ancestors were Friends of Pembroke, Plymouth Co., Mass., and through him a copy reached Bowden, the historian, to whom the author is indebted. The Holders of Holderness iii more interesting as being, it is believed, the first written exposition of the doctrinal views of the Society, and containing, as it does, clear evidence of the soundness of the views of our early Friends, it is additionally valuable. The name of Richard Doudney on the declaration is explained by the fact that he was thrown into jail while they were there, and, with John Copeland, signed the declaration, which is given in the following chapter. CHAPTER X. CHRISTOPHER HOLDER S DECLARATION OF FAITH. A Remarkable and Original Document.— First Paper of the Kind Either in England or America. — Written in Boston Jail and Signed by His Fellow Prisoners. "A Declaration of Faith, And an ex- hortation to Obedience thereto, issued by Christopher Holder, John Copeland and Richard Doudney, while in Prison at Bos- ton in New England, 1657. ''Whereas, it is reported by them that have not a bridle to their tongues, that we, who are by the world called Quakers, are blasphemers, heretics, and deceivers; and that we do deny the Scriptures, and the truth therein contained: therefore, we, who are here in prison, shall in a few words, in truth and plainness, declare unto all peo- 114 The Holders of Holderness pie that may see this, the ground of our rehgion, and the faith that we contend for, and the cause wherefore we suffer. 'Therefore, when you read our words, let the meek spirit bear rule, and weigh them in the balance equal, and stand out of prejudice, in the light that judgeth all things, and measureth and manifesteth all things. ''As (for us) we do believe in the only true and living God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who hath made the heavens and the earth, the sea and all things in them contained, and doth uphold all things that he hath created by the word of his power. Who, at sundry times, and in divers manners, spake in times past to our fathers by the prophets, but in these last days he hath spoken by his Son, whom he hath made heir of all things, by whom he made the world. The which Son is that Jesus Christ that was born of the Virgin; who suffered for our offenses, and is risen The Holders of Holderness 115 again for our justification, and is ascended into the highest heavens, and sitteth at the right hand of God the Father. Even inl him do we beUeve; who is the only begot- ten Son of the Father, full of grace and truth: And in him do we trust alone for salvation; by whose blood we are washed from sin; through whom we have access to the Father with boldness, being justified by faith in believing in his name. Who hath sent forth the Holy Ghost, to wit, the Spirit of Truth, that proceedeth from the Father and the Son; by which we are sealed and adopted sons and heirs of the kingdom of heaven. From the which Spirit, the Scriptures of truth were given forth, as, saith the Apostle Peter, *Holy men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost.' The which were written for our ad- monition, on whom the ends of the world are come; and are profitable for the man of God, to reprove, and to exhort, and to admonish, as the Spirit of God bringeth ii6 The Holders of Holderness them unto him, and openeth them in him, and giveth him the understanding of them. "So that before all (men) we do declare that we do believe in God the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, according as they are (de- clared of in the) Scriptures; and the Scrip- tures we own to be a true declaration of the Father, Son and Spirit; in (which) is de- clared what was in the beginning, what was present, and was to come. "Therefore, all (ye) people in whom hon- esty is, stand still and consider. Believe not them who say. Report, and we will report it — that say, Come, let us smite them with the tongue; but try all things, and hold fast that which is good. Again we say, take heed of believing and giving credit to reports; for know that the truth in all ages of the world, hated, persecuted, and imprisoned, under the name of here- tics, blasphemers, and" (Here part of the paper is torn off, and it can only be known, by an unintelligible The Holders of Holderness 117 shred, that fourteen Hnes are lost. We read again as follows:) *'that showeth you the secrets of your hearts, and the deeds that are not good. Therefore, while you have light, beUeve in the Hght, that ye may be children of light; for, as you love it and obey it, it will lead you to repentence, bring you to know Him in whom is remission of sins, in whom God is well pleased; who will give you an en- trance into the kingdom of God, an inherit- ance amongst them that are sanctified. For this is the desire of our souls for all that have the least breathings after God, that they may come to know Him in deed and in truth, and find his power in and with them, to keep them from falling, and to present them faultless before the throne of his glory; who is the strength and life of all them that put their trust in Him; who upholdeth all things by the word of his power; who is God over all, blessed for ever. Amen. ii8 The Holders of Holderness 'Thus we remain friends to all that fear the Lord; who are sufferers, not for evil doing, but for bearing testimony to the truth, in obedience to the Lord God of life; unto whom we commit our cause; who is risen to plead the cause of the innocent, and to help him that hath no help on the earth; who will be avenged on all his ene- mies, and will repay the proud doers. "Christopher Holder, "John Copeland, "Richard Doudney, "From the House of Correction the ist of the Eighth Month, 1657, in Boston." CHAPTER XL endicott's cruelties. Determines to Rid the Colony of Quakers.— Christopher Holder Beaten and Scourged.— Given 357 Lashes in Seven Weeks. —Law for Boring the Tongues of Quakers. In addition to the foregoing Declaration of Faith, a paper was prepared by the Friends, probably written by Christopher Holder, who was a highly educated man of known literary tastes, bearing upon the "Persecuting Spirit exhibited in New Eng- land with warning to those who are indulg- ing therein." This document appears to have aroused Endicott to a ''fury." Sum- moning them when the paper was found to have been circulated, he demanded whether they acknowledged it, and, upon re- ceiving their affirmation, burst into a tirade of invective, telling them ''that they deserved to be hanged for writing it," and, 9 I20 The Holders of Holderness says Bowden, ''if he had possessed the power to execute his desires, the gibbet on Boston Common would, in all probabiHty, soon have terminated the labors of these good men." Endicott and BeUingham, his deputy, now determined to rid the col- ony of the Quakers, and began a series of cruelties and tortures that savor of the Inquisition. An order was issued that ''all Quakers in jail should be severely whipped twice a week," the punishment to begin with fifteen lashes and to increase the num- ber by three at every successive application of the degrading sentence. Holder re- ceived thirty lashes at first; then for seven weeks they received this sentence, the pun- ishment being as follows: First week (original punishment), thirty lashes; third week, thirty-three lashes; fourth week, thirty-nine lashes; fifth week, forty-five lashes; sixth week, fifty-one lashes; seventh week, fifty-seven lashes; eighth week, six- ty-three lashes; ninth week, sixty-nine The Holders of Holderness 121 lashes or, in the course of seven weeks, omitting the two during which they were not whipped. Holder received three hun- dred and fifty-seven lashes with the triple- knotted cord. Copeland received the same, and, in all probability, Doudney, though the records do not mention it; yet nowhere is it shown that these ministers uttered a word of complaint at their suf- ferings. This was but the beginning of Endicott's crusade against the Quakers. He now is- sued what is known as the ''tongue-bor- ing" law, in which it was stated that for a third offense, the crime consisting of en- tering the city of Boston or the colony of Massachusetts, the Quaker should have his or her tongue bored through with a hot iron. The following is a copy of the docu- ment, from the Colonial Records, which was passed in August, 1657, and issued by Secretary Rawson October 14th: 122 The Holders of H older ness "As an addition to the late order, in ref- erence to the coming-, or bringing in any of the cursed sect of the Quakers into this jurisdiction. It is ordered, that whosoever shall from henceforth bring, or cause to be brought, directly or indirectly, any known Quaker or Quakers, or other blasphemous heretics into this jurisdiction, every such person shall forfeit the sum of £ioo to the country, and shall, by warrant from any magistrate, be committed to prison, there to remain, until the penalty be fully satis- fied and paid; and if any person or persons within this jurisdiction, shall henceforth entertain or conceal any Quaker or Quakers, or other blasphemous heretics (knowing them to be so) every such person shall forfeit to the country forty shillings for every hour's concealment and enter- tainment of any Quaker or Quakers, &c., and shall be committed to prison till the forfeitures be fully satisfied and paid: And it is further ordered, that if any Quaker or The Holders of H older ness 123 Quakers shall presume (after they have once suffered what the law requireth) to come into this jurisdiction, every such male Quaker shall, for the first offence, have one of his ears cut off, and be kept at work in the house of correction, till he can be sent away at his own charge; and for the second offence, shall have his other ear cut off, and be kept at the house of correction as aforesaid. And every woman Quaker that hath suffered the law here, that shall presume to come into this jurisdiction shall be severely whipped, and kept at the house of correction at work, till she be sent away at her own charge; and so also for her com- ing again, shall be used as aforesaid: And for every Quaker, he or she, that shall a third time offend, they shall have their tongues bored through with a hot iron, and kept at the house of correction close to work till they be sent away at their own charge. And it is further ordered. That all and every Quaker, arising from amongst 124 '^he Holders of Holderness ourselves, shall be dealt with and suffer the like punishment, as the law provides against foreign Quakers. ''Edward Rawson, Secretary. ''Boston, 14th day of October, 1657." The repeated whippings to which Chris- topher Holder and John Copeland were subjected in the jail, the barbarous sen- tence being carried out twice a week, as described, did not fail to arouse sentiments of horror and repugnance among the more intelligent of the Puritans, and a reaction set in, the murmurings growing so loud and deep that, after subjecting the Quakers to nine weeks of torture, Endicott was alarmed and ordered their release. The 24th of September they were discharged and taken before the governor for final sen- tence. The tongue-boring law was read to them, and they were duly banished from the colony. While Holder and Copeland were under- going the weekly beatings, the jail had re- The Holders of Holderness 125 ceived several accessions. Previous to the scene at the First Church, where Christo- pher Holder was attacked and rescued by Samuel Shattuck, he had been, as we have seen, hospitably entertained by Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick, peo- ple of repute in the town, described by Bishop as "an aged and grave couple." When this was discovered, they were ar- rested and thrown into jail with Christo- pher Holder and John Copeland, where Richard Doudney soon joined them, and later Mary Clark, who had come from Lon- don to protest against the outrages perpe- trated against the Quakers. The friend- ship of the Southwick family for Holder caused them to fall under the ban of Gov- ernor Endicott, and they were ultimately driven out of the colony. Lawrence South- wick was released, but upon Cassandra, when searched in the jail, was found the Declaration of Faith by Christopher Holder, and their later warning, and, for 126 The Holders of Holderness the crime of possessing these papers, this infirm woman was detained in prison for seven weeks and, according to Gough, both were whipped, while, according to Sewell, they were deprived of all their property. Mary Clark was given twenty stripes with three cords upon her naked back. Sewell adds: 'The cords of these whips were commonly as thick as a man's lit- tle finger, having some knots at the end, and the stick was sometimes so long that the hangman made use of both his hands to strike the harder." Governor Endi- cott even vented his rage upon the children of the entertainers of Christopher Holder as well. They were evidently watched, it being suspected that the family had joined the Friends, which was undoubtedly true, and the first time that Daniel and Provided, the son and daughter of Law- rence and Cassandra Southwick, remained away from church, they were arrested and fined £io each for non-attendance. The Holders of Holderness 127 This they could not pay, whereupon Endi- cott, determined not only to rid the colony of Christopher Holder, but of any who had befriended him, ordered the brother and sister to be sold as slaves. The general court of Boston issued the following order in May, 1659, and it may be seen on the colonial records, bearing the name of Ed- ward Rawson: "Whereas, Daniel Southwick and Provi- ded Southwick, son and daughter of Law- rence Southwick, absenting themselves from the public ordinances, having been fined by the courts of Salem and Ipswich, pretending they have no estates, and re- solving not to work: The court, upon pe- rusal of a law which was made upon ac- count of debts, in answer to what should be done for the satisfaction of the fines resolves, That the treasurers of the several counties, are and shall be fully empowered to sell the said persons to any of the Eng- 128 The Holders of Holderness lish nation at Virginia or Barbadoes, to answer the said fines." The attempTwas made to carry out this sentence, but, to the honor of the race, no one could be found in the colony of Massa- chusetts who would be a party to Endi- cott's malice, nor could a ship captain be discovered in any port who would on any terms carry the English free man and woman to slavery. This remarkable inci- dent is introduced because it was a direct result of the friendship of Christopher Holder, which Endicott made a blight upon all who were its recipients, and be- cause, in the nineteenth century, a descend- ant of Cassandra Southwick married a de- scendant of Christopher Holder — William Penn Holder. The poem, "Cassandra Southwick," by Whittier, himself a kins- man of the Holders, is a familiar one. To return to Christopher Holder again, we lindT the jail empty. Cassandra South- wick was released and sent home; Holder, John Greenleaf Whittier. The Holders of Holderness 129 John Copeland, Richard Doudney and Mary Clark, banished. Christopher Holder took passage for England, and from there sailed to the West India Islands and traveled extensively; but his heart was in the work in the colony of Massachu- setts, where the martyrdom of Friends was still going on. In 1658 George Fox re- ceived a letter from him, dated Barbadoes, stating that he had sailed from that port in February for Rhode Island, via Bermuda. To return now meant not only the scourge, but worse — the loss of an ear, the brand, or a hot iron thrust through the tongue; yet this remarkable man, determined to again force his way into the Puritan stronghold. In the meantime, his former companion, John Copeland, had also de- cided to return, and, with William Brend, entered the colony of Plymouth. Here they found friends at court in the persons of Magistrates James Cudworth and Timo- thy Hatherly, of Scituate, who not only re- 130 The Holders of Holderness fused to prosecute them, but allowed them to hold meetings at their house, and on their departure gave them the following pass: 'These are, therefore, to any that may interrupt these two men in their passage, that ye let them pass quietly on their way, they offering no wrong to any. "Timothy Hatherly." Despite this, the Friends were arrested in Boston. Brend was held and suffered untold tortures, Eeing beaten so that he was given up as dead. John Copeland was released and went to Connecticut. Then, learning that Christopher Holder had landed in Rhode Island, he joined him, and the two friends passed eastward to Ply- mouth. There were now fifteen Friends laboring in New England, the original eleven who had crossed the ocean in the ''Woodhouse" with Holder, and Mary Dyer, of Rhode The Holders of Holderness 131 Island, John Rous, William Leddra and Thomas Harris, of Barbadoes. This force and their converts were opposed to all New England. The people were stirred as never before, and the Quakers were constantly entering Boston. As soon as one party- was beaten, another appeared, and the Puritans wondered that these men could submit to such torture without complaint. On the 15th of April, 1658, Christopher Holder and John Copeland left Rhode Island, and on the 23d they attended a meeting of Friends at Sandwich, where they were promptly arrested by the mar- shal. The latter officer had received strict orders from Governor Endicott to enforce the laws, and to banish all Quakers without delay; and should they return, the select- men were ordered to see that they were whipped. The ministers were ordered to leave, but Christopher Holder repHed that ''if theyfelt it to be the will of their divine master, they 132 The Holders of Holderness would do so, but on no other ground could they promise to leave Sandwich." The marshal then notified the selectmen that it was their duty to act, but they refused, whereupon he seized the two Quakers and marched them to Barnstable — a singular procession, as many of the converts of Holder and his friend insisted on following, that they might "cheer their brethren in bonds." The following are the names of some of the original eighteen families who became Friends, and doubtless many of them followed Christopher Holder and saw him scourged at Barnstable. They were Thomas Ewer, Robert Harper, Joseph Al- len, Edward Perry, George Allen, William Gififord, William Newland, Ralph Allen, Jr., John Jenkins, Henry Howland, Ralph Allen, Sr., Thomas Greenfield, Richard Kirby, William Allen, Daniel Wing, Peter Gaunt, Michael Turner, John Newland, Mathew Allen, all of whom, in 1658, were The Holders of Holderness 133 fined from ten to one hundred pounds for refusing to take the oath. Nearly all are represented in Sandwich or vicinity to-day. A Mrs. Ewer is at the Friends' School in Providence; a Wing still Hves in the old Wing homestead; the Rowlands settled in New Bedford, and are prominent Friends to-day; the Aliens are a distinguished family in New England; and so with the others, the descendants in 1901 being in many instances still Friends, worthy de- scendants of the early martyrs. The Barnstable magistrate was heartily in accord with the marshal, and, after going through the form of an examination, he undertook the of^ce of executioner, bound the prisoners to a post in an out- house, and, with their friends as ''ear and eye witnesses to the cruelty," administered thirty-three lashes, cutting their naked backs until they ran with blood. The day following the whippings, when the victims 134 The Holders of Holderness were better able to travel, they were taken to Sandwich and released, traveling to Rhode Island, doubtless to recover from their wounds among staunch friends. CHAPTER XII. REFUGE IN RHODE ISLAND. Christopher Holder Meets His First Wife.— Return to Boston. Banished on Pain of Death.— Ear Cut Off on Boston Common. Christopher Holder, seriously injured by his repeated beatings, found refuge in the home of Richard and Katherine Scott, Friends, or Quakers, of Providence, who tenderly cared for him until he regained his health, and not long after we learn that he was engaged to Mary Scott, a daughter of the family. The Scotts were influential people in the colony of Rhode Island, and were early converts to the religious convic- tions of Christopher Holder. Bishop says that Katherine Scott was a "grave, sober, ancient woman, of blameless conversation and of good education and circumstances," and Hutchinson, the historian, states that lO 136 The Holders of Holderness she was ''well bred, being a minister's daughter in England, though a Quaker by conviction." Her sister was the famous Anne Marbury Hutchinson, the leader of the Antinomians in Boston, who, with her brother, John Wheelright, was banished from Massachusetts in 1637, and who was killed by the Indians at Hell Gate, N. Y., in 1643. The husband, Richard Scott, was a man of wealth and influence in the col- onies. Norton says: "Her husband, Rich- ard Scott, and eight or nine of her children also became convinced of our convictions.'' "The power of God," writes John Rous, "took place in all their children" (Norton's Ensign), and, according to Bowden, one of the daughters spoke as a minister, al- though but eleven years of age. In a biography of Mary Dyer by Horatio Rog- ers, associate justice of the Supreme Court of Rhode Island, 1896, a relative of Chris- topher Holder by marriage, is found the following reference to this family, into The Holders of Holderness 137 which Christopher Holder married: 'The Scott family were staunch Quakers and very friendly with Mary Dyer." Still an- other daughter, Hannah Scott, married Walter Clarke, a young Quaker, and for a number of years governor of Rhode Island, and it is from her that the author (Horatio Rogers) is descended. Mrs. Katherine Scott's father was the Rev. Francis Mar- bury, of London, and her mother was sister of Sir Erasmus Dryden, Bart., grand- father of the poet. Such was the family into which Christopher Holder married, and in which we now find him recoverinsf from his last scourging at Barnstable. It is difficult for the reader in the twentieth century to realize the zeal which actuated these Quaker martyrs, which made them eager and wilHng to face death, branding and nameless tortures in emulation of Him who died upon the cross to save sinners. It was this sentiment which supported them. If Christ gave His life to save the 138 The Holders of Holderness world, how then could his followers refuse to sacrifice their lives in His cause? Such was the philosophy of Christopher Holder and his friends, who now carried on this most unequal warfare against the religious tenets of the Puritans. Says Associate Justice Rogers, of the Supreme Court of Rhode Island: "Massachusetts law-mak- ers did not reckon upon the existence of a zeal, a courage, a heroism, call it what you will, that would break down and triumph over their determination, which was well nigh relentless. They had never seen a self-sacrifice that conquered by its very submissiveness, and overwhelmed persecu- tors by a surfeit of victims offering them- selves for sacrifice. The Quakers," he continues, "were absolutely fearless. They counted their lives as nothing in upholding their views, and they not only did not avoid martyrdom, but they studiously courted it; and therein lay their power and the secret of their final triumph." Friends' Meeting House at Owstwick (Holderness), England, where Christopher Holder and George Fox preached. The Holders of Holderness 139 News from Boston was not wholly re- assuring. Humphrey Norton, William Brend, John Rous and others were being brutally beaten and treated there, and a new law had been enacted to the effect that if Quakers in jail would not work, they were to be whipped regularly twice a week, the first whipping to be with ten strokes, the second with fifteen, and every subse- quent whipping with an addition of three "until further orders," the victims to which other than the above being William Led- dra, afterwards hung by order of Endicott, and Thomas Harris. This brutality so aroused the people that their fines w^ere raised by public subscription, and the four Friends sent to Providence. When they reached Rhode Island, Christopher Holder was just convalescent after his Barnstable scourging, and, as Boston was now left without any Friends to carry on the work, he decided to go there, with John Cope- land, who arrived in Providence about this 140 The Holders of H older ness time. The two men well knew what was before them. They might, according to the edict, lose an ear, be branded, perhaps whipped to death after the manner of John Brend, but all this had no terrors for them, and on the 3d of June, 1658, they left Providence, soon reaching Dedham. Before they had an opportunity to preach, the emissaries of Endicott heard of their presence, arrested them and sent them to Boston, where they were at once carried to the house of Governor Endicott, whO' flew into a violent rage upon seeing and recognizing them as the ministers who had repeatedly defied him. ''You shall have your ear cut off," he shouted. "That men who had been imprisoned," says Bowden, "and whipped and banished for their relig- ious opinions, should still persist in the advocacy of them, with the certainty of in- curring increased severities, was what the darkened mind of Endicott could not com- prehend." The scene must have been a The Holders of Holderness 141 striking one. The manacled Quakers standing by the officers, cool, perfectly at their ease, regardless of abuse, accepting everything as a part of their work without complaint. Their very equipoise was mad- dening to the narrow-minded man who was their superior by virtue of his office, their inferior in intelligence or breeding. He vainly endeavored to extort from them some remark which might be used against them. "What! You remain in the same opinion you were before?" he cried, won- dering, despite his rage, what manner of men these were. "We remain in the fear of the Lord," responded Holder. "Why do you return?" then asked Governor Endicott; "you know the law." "The Lord God hath commanded us, and we could not but come," replied Christopher Holder. "The Lord command you to come?" exclaimed the governor; "it was Satan;" and, turning to Rawson, his secre- tary, he directed that the following order 142 The Holders of Holderness should be made out, here copied from Besse: 'To the Keeper of the House of Correc- tion: ''You are by virtue hereof, required to take into your custody the bodies of Chris- topher Holder and John Copeland, and them safely to keep close to work, with prisoners' diet only, till their ears be cut off; and not suffer them to converse with any, while they are in your custody. "Edward Rawson, Secretary'' The ministers were thrust into a noisome jail, and for three days the jailer starved them because they would not work. A few days later they were joined by their friend, John Rous, who had been arrested. The Court of Assistants assembled in Bos- ton the 7th of July, 1658, and the three friends were taken, manacled, before it and subjected to a long and rigorous question- ing as to why they had returned. They were then remanded, and again taken be- The Holders of Holderness 143 fore the court to receive sentence, which was that each should have the right ear cut off, a degrading punishment, originally devised by the Star Chamber, in England, which, in 1634, ordered that WiUiam Pyrnne, Henry Burton and Dr. Bostwick should have their ears cut off at a scaffold in Palace Yard, Westminster, an order which was carried out against these Puri- tans, who now applied the same treatment to the Quakers. The sentence created intense excitement in Boston. Many began to feel that the charges against the Quakers were unjust and without reason, also many converts had been made, both factions forming the nucleus of an anti-Puritan party. As the news was spread broadcast and reached Rhode Island, Friends at once started for Boston to protest against the injustice and to give the victims theii moral support. Among them were Cassandra and Law- rence Southwick, Samuel Shattuck, who 144 ^^^ Holders of Holderness had entertained Christopher Holder, Wil- Ham Newland and others of Sandwich. Among the women who came to Boston was Katherine Scott, of Providence, who had so recently entertained Christopher Holder. She created much excitement by her bold advocacy of the prisoners, her in- fluence and position in the colony of Rhode Island being well known. She went be- fore Endicott and remonstrated with him on ''this barbarous act," and was detained as a prisoner for her temerity and subjected to a rigorous examination, during which she was told that "they were likely to have a law to hang her if she came there again." To which she replied, "If God calls us, woe be to us if we come not, and I question not but He whom we love, will make us not count our lives dear unto ourselves for the sake of His name." To which Endicott re- plied, "And we shall be as ready to take away your lives, as ye shall be to lay them down." She was released, with a warning. The Holders of Holderness 145 In the meantime, Christopher Holder an- nounced to the court that he wished to ap- peal to OUver Cromwell against its deci- sion, to which reply was made that if they opened their mouths again the gag would be appHed. On the 17th of July the sentence was to be carried out, and, heaiing it was to be enforced privately by their executioner in the jail, Katherine Scott made another protest, saying that "It was evident they were going to act the works of darkness or else they would have brought them forth publickly and have declared their offence that others may hear and fear." The truth was that so hostile had the public become at these exhibitions, that Endicott feared to risk a public execution; hence it was carried out in private. But Katherine Scott had protested too much. She was arrested for this last offense, committed to prison, and given ten stripes with the knot- ted cord at the hands of the executioner — 146 The Holders of Holderness an act which aroused the greatest feeling- in the colony of Rhode Island. On the 17th of July, Christopher Holder, John Rous and John Copeland had their right ears cut off by the hangman, and, as they stood bleeding, the latter asked if they re- pented and how they liked it. Their reply was, '*In the strength of God we suffered joyfully, having freely given up not only one member, but all, if the Lord so re- quired, for the sealing of our testimony which the Lord hath given us." Sewell gives the following account of the incident: " 'To the marshal-general, or to his deputy: You are to take with you the executioner, and repair to the house of cor- rection, and there see him cut off the right ears of John Copeland, Christopher Holder, and John Rous, Quakers; in exe- cution of the sentence of the court of as- sistants, for the breach of the law, entitled Quakers. " 'Edward Rawson, Secretary f The Holders of Holderness 147 'Then the prisoners were brought into another room, where John Rous said to the marshal, 'We have appealed to the chief magistrate of England.' To which he answered, he had nothing to do with that. Holder said, 'Such execution as this should be done publicly, and not in private: for this was contrary to the law of Eng- land.' But Captain OUver said, 'We do it in private to keep you from tattling/ Then the executioner took Holder, and when he had turned aside his hair, and was going to cut off his ear, the marshal turned his back on him, which made Rous say, Turn about and see it; for so was his order/ The marshal then, though filled with fear, turned and said, 'Yes, yes, let us look on it.' Rous, who was more un- daunted than his persecutor, suffered the like, as well as the third, and they said, 'Those that do it ignorantly, we desire from our hearts the Lord to forgive them; but for them that do it maliciously, let our 148 The Holders of Holderness blood be upon their heads; and such shall know in the day of account, that every drop of our blood shall be as heavy upon them as a millstone.' Afterwards these persons were whipped again; but, this prac- tice becoming so common in New England as if it was but play, I will not detain my reader with it." The mutilated ministers, showing no evidence of fear, or that they purposed to change their methods, were detained in jail, and, according to the law, beaten twice a week, finally, after nine weeks of this punishment, being released. CHAPTER XIII. BANISHMENT ON PAIN OF DEATH. Fanatical Puritan Priests.— Norton and Wilson the Cause of Much of the Sufferings of the Friends. Rev. John Norton (who, according to Oldmixon, in his "British Empire in Amer- ica," was at the head of all Quaker suf- fering in America), a Puritan pastor of the First Church, who had been the bitterest enemy of the Quakers, foreseeing that they would return again, induced the magis- trates to pass a still more stringent law; ear-cutting, boring the tongue, branding the hand with H (heretic), the pillory and stocks, the whipping post and banishment, were all too simple for this reverend spirit. The Rev. John Wilson, another pastor of the Boston First Church, of blessed mem- ory, cried, 'T would carry fire in one hand and fagots in the other, to burn all the 150 The Holders of Holderness Quakers in the world. Hang them!" he cried, ''or else" — drawing his finger across his throat in a suggestive manner. Such was the strenuous life in Boston in 1658. As a result of the demands of these clergy- men of the town, the following act was passed a few weeks after Christopher Holder was released, or on the 20th of Oc- tober, being evidently designed to end the career of this ecclesiastical knight should he ever return to the colony of Massachu- setts. The act, which is a long one, ends as follows: 'They shall be sentenced to banishment upon pain of death; and any one magistrate, upon information given him of any such person, shall cause him to be apprehended, and shall commit any such person to prison, acording to his discre- tion, until he come to trial, as aforesaid." ''Here," says Sewell, the historian, "ends this sanguinary act, being more like to the decrees of the Spanish Inquisition than to the laws of a reformed Christian magis- The Holders of Holderness 151 tracy, consisting of such, who, to shun per- secution themselves (which was but a small fine for not frequenting public worship), had left Old England." The reader who has followed the steps of this martyr of the Friends will not be- lieve that Christopher Holder would obey the mandates, often broken, of banishment, or be intimidated by the brutal act passed with so much difficulty. When liberated from jail, his health being impaired, he went south, where he joined William Rob- inson, described as his loving friend, and, together with Robert Hodgson, they car- ried on their gospel labors in Virginia and Maryland until early in 1659, when they returned to Rhode Island. It appears from a letter written by Peter Pearson in Ply- mouth prison, that all the Friends met in Rhode Island, April 9, 1659, to arrange for future work. Christopher Holder and William Robinson had previously decided to go to Boston and vicinity, and Bishop II 152 TJie Holders of H older ness gives the following reference to the cause of their departure: ''In traveUng betwixt Newport and the house of Daniel Gould, on Rhode Island, with my dear brother Christopher Holder, the word of the Lord came expressly unto me, and commanded me to pass to the town of Boston, my hfe to lay down in his will, for the accomplish- ing of his service; to which heavenly voice I presently yielded obedience, not question- ing the Lord." The journey was soon begun, and, at her earnest solicitation, Christopher Holder al- lowed Patience Scott, who was later to be- come his sister-in-law, to accompany them. She was but eleven years of age, yet had developed a remarkable talent for speaking, and seemed possessed of wisdom far beyond her age. Her appearance in Boston, and her subsequent experiences, created a pro- found sensation. The three men knew that there could be but one result of their journey. They had The Holders of Holderness 153 all been banished under pain of death, yet faced it without regret. That they suc- ceeded in avoiding arrest for some weeks is evident, as, in a letter to friends in Eng- land, William Robinson mentions having received a letter from Christopher Holder in May, 1659, in which he says, "Was in service at Salem last week, and hath had fine service among Friends in these parts." Their time of freedom was short. Marma- duke Stephenson and WilHam Robinson were arrested; then Patience Scott was jailed for protesting against their sentence, and last, Christopher Holder was appre- hended in the streets of Boston and thrown into jail. As a result, the courts, fearing public opinion, sentenced them again, with the exception of Patience Scott, to banish- ment, under pain of death, giving them the customary beating and a few days in which to leave. But, to the consternation of Endicott and Norton, the Friends paid no attention to the w^arnine:. William Robin- 154 The Holders of Holderness son and Marmaduke Stephenson held many meetings in and about Salem and Lynn, in the fields and by-ways, while Christopher Holder traveled in the north of Massachusetts, then returning to Bos- ton, where he was arrested and thrown into jail in August, 1659. The magistrates were amazed at this utter disregard of the death penalty, and, urged by the Rev. Norton, wholesale arrests were made and prepara- tions for the execution of some of the Quakers begun. Numbers of Friends now came to Boston to see Christopher Holder, among them Hope Clifton, of a well-known Rhode Island family, who later became his second wife. It is she from whom the au- thor is descended. With her came Mary Dyer and Mary Scott. Bowden says: ''Mary Dyer, under a feeUng of religious constraint, returned to Boston, accompa- nied by Hope Clifton, a Friend, of Rhode Island. They entered the city the 8th of the eighth month, and on the following The Holders of Holderiiess 155 morning proceeded to the gaol to visit Christopher Holder, and were recognized and arrested." In rapid succession friends of Christo- pher Holder were thrown into jail — Robert Harper, Daniel and Provided Southwick, Nicholas Upshal. A few days later Robin- son and Stephenson came from Salem, heading a remarkable procession of Friends, who accompanied them to witness their execution. They were Daniel Gould, Hannah Phelps, William King, Mary Trask, Margaret Smith and Alice Cowland. 'The latter," says Bishop, ''brought linen to wrap the dead bodies of those who were to suflfer." All these persons were met by the constables, arrested and thrown into jail, the two ministers being loaded with chains. There were now seventeen per- sons in jail, and Bancroft says, "The Quakers swarmed when they were feared." For some reason, in all probability the fact that his family or connections in England 156 The Holders of Holderness were of paramount influence with the reigning powers, Governor Endicott found it convenient to omit sentencing Chris- topher Holder to death, though he had once, if not twice, been banished under pain of death, and had been the recipient of the maximum amount of maHgnity in the form of every possible indignity and torture; but the other Friends — Stephenson, Robinson and Mary Dyer — were sentenced to death. History has made the story a familiar one. The men were executed on Boston Com- mon and died as brave men, courageous to the last, and to the disgrace of the church, taunted by one of its most despicable repre- sentatives in history — the Rev. John Wil- son, pastor of the First Church. The men walked to the gallows with their hats on, and this clergyman cried out, according to Sewell, ''Shall such Jacks as you come in before authority with their hats on?" And again, as the Friends said their last words, ''bade them hold their tongues." William The Holders of Holderness 157 Robinson's last words were, ''I suffer for Christ for whom I live and for whom I die." Marmaduke Stephenson said, "We suffer not as evil doers, but for conscience sake; this day shall we be at rest with the Lord.", And so they died, brave men, battUng for one of the purest and most logical religious beliefs known to Orthodoxy. They died like heroes, but their bodies were cast like those of dogs into a pit to lie, a warning to other Quakers. "Protestantism," says Howden, "at least, has not an equal to this atrocious transaction." Mary Dyer, whose descendants are among the honored fami- lies of Rhode Island, was reprieved, but upon a second offense was hung. The other Friends with Christopher Holder were kept in jail for two months and then taken before the court for examination. Their sentence was, the men fifteen stripes each; the older women ten stripes each, for which they were stripped in the public streets and beaten before the mob. Alice Cowland, 158 The Holders of Holderness Hannah Phelps, Hope CHfton and Mary Scott were deUvered over to Governor Endicott for admonition, while Christopher Holder for reasons best known to the gov- ernor and suggested above, was for the sec- ond time banished on pain of death. An order to the court was issued to this effect, of which the following is a copy taken from the Colonial Records, October 18, 1659: ''Whereas, Christopher Holder, a Quaker, hath suffered what the law for- merly appointed, after being sent to Eng- land without punishment, presumptuously coming into this jurisdiction without leave first obtained, the Court judgeth it meete to sentence him to banishment on pain of death; in case he be found within this juris- diction three days after the next ship now bound from hence to England be departed from this harbor, and between this and the ship's departure, with the keeper at his own charge, he shall have liberty one day in a week to go about his business, and in The Holders of Holderness 159 case he shall choose to go out of this juris- diction sooner on the penalty aforesaid, he shall by order from the Governor or Dep- uty-Governor be discharged the prison, so as he stay not above three days after his discharge from the prison in this jurisdic- CHAPTER XIV. CHRISTOPHER HOLDER AGAIN BANISHED. Leaves for England.— Marries Mary Scott.— Labors in England. Appeal to the King. — The King's Messenger.— Samuel Shattuck and His Return. — Downfall of Endi- cott. — Respite for the Quakers. When Christopher Holder was muti- lated by having his ear cut off he en- deavored to appeal to Cromwell to demand that the laws of England be observed in the colonies, and now it was proposed to make an appeal in person to the king. For this purpose several Friends accompanied the banished man. Among them was his affi- anced wife, Mary Scott, who had been re- leased from jail and admonished by Gov- ernor Endicott. This banishment from the colony was in the nature of a wedding trip, as in June, 1660, Holder was married at 1 62 The Holders of Holderness Olveston, near Bristol, England. On the records she is described as ''Mary Scott, daughter of Richard and Katherine Scott." The following is the ofificial record of the marriage from the General Register of^ce, Somerset House, England: ''Christopher Holder of 'Orsott' with- in the yift of Olveston in the countie afore- said and Mary his wife formerly called Mary Scott whose dwelling was within the jurisdiction of Boston in New England did take each other to be man and wife that is to say that Christopher Holder did in the public meeting of the people of God held at Olveston in the Countie aforesaid on the 1 2th day of the 6th month called August in the year i66o take the aforesaid Mary Scott to be his wife and the said Mary there and then did also take the said Christopher to be her husband and to live together in mutuall love and fellowship in the faith till by Death they were sepa- rated." The Holders of H older ness 163 ^Christopher Holder, Samuel Shattuck and several others immediately conferred with George Fox and his friends, and doubtless the American Friend with but one ear had no difficulty in convincing people that the paths of the Quakers in the colonies were not strewn with roses. Grave political changes were now imminent. The Quakers were hoping for the restoration of Charles Stewart, and George Fox, Christopher Holder and other Friends were holding public meetings in various parts of England, often abused and insulted, but yet protected by General Monk, who was then the head of the army. He issued the following order: *I am indebted to Isaac Sharp, Secretary of the Central Offices of the Society of Friends, of Lon- don, Eng., for records of this marriage. On it the residence of Christopher is given as Urcott, Parish of Olveston, County of Gloucester, and the mar- riage was consummated at Olveston, in the monthly meeting of Frenchay. Mary Scott's resi- dence is given as Boston, New England, and the date of her marriage June 12, 1660. 164 The Holders of Holderness "St. James, March 9, 1659-60. "I do require all officers and soldiers to forbear to disturb the peaceable meetings of the Quakers, they doing nothing preju- dicial to the Parliament or commonwealth of England. ^George Monk." That the appeals of the Quakers had some effect is shown from the following extract from Charles Stewart's famous proclamation from Breda: "And because the passion and uncharit- ableness of the times have produced several opinions in religion; by which men are en- gaged in parties and animosities against each other, which, when they shall here- after unite, in a freedom of conversation, will be composed, or better understood; we do declare a liberty to tender consciences, and that no man shall be disquieted, or called in question, for differences of opinion in matter of religion, which do not disturb the peace of the kingdom; and that we shall be ready The Holders of Holderness 165 to consent to such an act of Parliament, as, upon mature deliberation, shall be offered to us for the full granting of the in- dulgence." Charles the Second was restored to the throne in May, and to a Friend, Richard Hubberthorn, he said: "Of this you may be assured, that you shall none of you suffer for your opinions or religion so long as you live peaceably, and you have the word of the king for it, and I have also given forth a declaration for the purpose that none shall wrong you or abuse you." The king now released about seven hun- dred Quakers from jails in England. When the news of the downfall of the Puritan party and the restoration reached America Endicott and his friends became alarmed and realized that they must justify the murders of Robinson, Stephenson and Dyer and the maltreatment of Holder and his banishment on pain of death. They accordingly got up a petition in which the 1 66 The Holders of Holderness Friends were denounced in the most re- markable terms — evidence, if no other ex- isted, of their malice and the fear and in- justice which filled the hearts of Endicott, Wilson, Rawson, Norton and Bellingham at this time. This tissue of lies was taken to England by agents of Endicott, but Christopher Holder, Samuel Shattuck and John Copeland were in London, and their friend, Edward Burroughs, provided by them with the facts, made the king his well-known address. He did not stop here; his eloquent appeal to justice was followed by a complete presentation of the facts re- lating to the outrages against Christopher Holder, Samuel Shattuck and others by George Bishop, of Bristol, who in 1661 pro- duced his book, ''New England Judged,'* which was presented to the king and read by him. The result was decisive. The king determined to end the outrages per- petrated in the colonies in the name of re- ligion, and responded in a paper which left The Holders of Holderness 167 no doubt but that the Quakers were at last to be protected. A mandamus was ad- dressed to Endicott ordering that all Quakers in jail be released and sent to England. Probably with a view to thor- oughly humiliating Endicott, Burroughs asked the king that one of the banished Friends might be the bearer of the man- damus, and Samuel Southwick, the inti- mate friend of Christopher Holder, the man who in the First church of Salem, 1656, had prevented him from being stran- gled, and who had been banished and de- prived of his property for his staunch friendship for Holder and his loyalty to the doctrine of Friends, who desired to return to his family, was appointed. No more ob- noxious selection could have been made, and doubtless the little coterie of Friends who now had the king's ear were not en- tirely without a sense of humor. The Eng- lish Friends raised the money at once to hire a ship. Ralph Goldsmith was ap- 1 68 The Holders of Holderness pointed master, and they dispatched her with Samuel Shattuck and many Friends as passengers, who embraced this opportunity to return, and in six weeks she entered the Boston harbor. The following day Shat- tuck and the captain waited on the gov- ernor at his house, and the former stood face to face with the man who had insulted and banished him, now a king's messenger. The amazement of Endicott and his chagrin can be imagined. He did not dare to obey the mandamus and send his prisoners to England to become witnesses against him- self. Christopher Holder and Samuel Shattuck had accomplished harm enough, so to avoid ''so dangerous a doctrine" he disobeyed the order and discharged the prisoners, who held meetings of rejoicing in all parts of the colonies. The famous poem, "The King's Messenger," by Whit- tier, is founded on this incident. Endicott now sent a deputation to Lon- don to clear him, if possible, selecting the The Holders of Holderness 169 notorious Norton, who had been a prom- inent figure in all the barbarities practiced, and an equally unsavory person, a prose- cuting magistrate named Simon Brad- street, famous as a ''Quaker baiter." These men denied all participation in the extreme proceedings in Boston, but John Copeland and Christopher Holder, each with but one ear, were in London, and with George Fox as spokesman, charged them with murder, and, hearing that the father of the mur- dered Robinson was coming to make charges against them, they literally fled. Bowden says: "This mission was a com- plete failure." The historian Neal writes: ''When the Rev. Norton came home (to Boston) his friends were shy of him, and some of the people told him to his face that he had lain the foundation of the ruin of their liberties, which struck him to the heart and brought him to such a melan- choly habit of body as to hasten his death." CHAPTER XV. CHRISTOPHER HOLDER AGAIN IN AMERICA. Married Life.— Wife's Dowry Isle of Patience in Narragansett Bay.— Friends Again Persecuted.- Travels with George Fox.— Committed to Prison in England and Kept There Four Years.— Sylvester Monument at Shelter Island.— Second Wife. Christopher Holder soon returned to America, and while living in Newport he traveled over the country, aiding in or- ganizing meetings whenever opportunity offered. Having abundant means, he made many voyages to England and Barbadoes, devoting himself to the cause to which he had given his life. In 1663 he traveled ex- tensively in New England with Joseph Nichols, a minister lately arrived from England. The latter refers to him as fol- lows in a letter to George Fox, dated at Barbadoes, December, 1663: 172 The Holders of Holderness ''George Fox, Dearly and well beloved in the Lord. My love is to thee. I should be Glad to hear from thee if it might be. I re- ceived a letter from thee in New England, written to Christopher Holder and me, wherein I was refreshed." Christopher Holder lived in Providence and later in Newport, owning fifty acres of land there, and evidently also had an estate and home in England. His first wife received as a wedding gift the island of Patience, in Narragansett Bay, originally owned by Roger Williams. The following is a copy of the deed, for which the author is indebted to Martin B. Scott, of Cleveland: "To all people to whom these presents shall come, Richard Scott of Providence in ye Colony of Rhode Island and Provi- dence Plantations etc. sendeth greeting. Whereas I Richard Scott, did many years since, for and in consideration of a marriage then had and consummated between Chris- The Holders of Holdcniess 173 topher Holder and Mary ye daughter of ye sd Richard Scott fully and absolutely Give, grant and pass over unto ye sd Chris- topher Holder and Mary his wife and ye heairs of ye two bodys, Lawfully begotten, the Island commonly called and known by ye name of Patience lying and being in ye Narragansett Bay in ye Colony Aforesdt together wth all and singular the meadows, feedinds, Pastures, Wast Grounds, heath, woods, underwoods. Waters, Fishings, fishing places, Stream, Banks, Ponds and all other Liberties, Advantages, Privileges, Profits, Commodities, Emoluments, He- reditaryments, whatever to ye sd Island, or part or parcel of it belonging, or in any way appertaining. Although ye sd Rich- ard Scott may not have given such full firm and absolute conveyance for ye sd Island as ye Law doth require, and whereas also since ye sd gift by me made, my sd daugh- ter is Deceased, and hath left such issue surviving as Above Expressed. 174 ^^^^ Holders of Holderness ''Now Know ye that I ye sd Richard Scott being Desirous to prevent any future Troubles, Inconveniences or Disputes, that otherwise may arise, and to Convey and Settle ye sd Island according to ye True Intent and Meaning of my Grant Afore re- cited. Do therefore by these presents, for my heirs Executr's and Admr's fully clearly and absolutely Give Grant Alien Enfeoff and Confirm unto him ye sd Christopher Holder and his heirs on ye body of my sd Daughter Lawfuly begotten and thear Heirs forever, and for want of such Issue, to ye Right of him ye sd Christopher Holder for ever, the Island named Patience and all and Singular ye Premises above mentioned. To have and to hold ye island and all and Singular ye Premises above Expressed unto him ye sd Christopher Holder for and during ye Term of his natural Life, to his own use and behoof, and after his Decease to his heirs on ye Body of his Wife Lawfully begotten and The Holders of Holderness 175 thear heirs of thear two bodys Lawfully be- gotten forever, and for want of such Issue, To ye right heairs of ye sd Christopher Holder forever; & ye sd Richard Scot for me my heirs Executs and Admrs Do here- by Covenant, Promise, Grant & Agree to and with ye sd Christopher Holder and his Exectrs & Adminstrs to ye sd Island named Patience and every parcel Thereof together wth and Singular the Premises, Shall henceforth forever remain & continue unto him ye sd Christopher Holder and his heirs in manner and form above expressed, freely & clearly Acquitted, Exhonerated, & Discharged of and from all and manner of former Bargains & Sales, Gifts, Grants, Leases, Jointure, Dowers, Thirds, or any other Title, Trouble, or Encumbrance, whatever, had, made, sufifered, or Done, or to be had, made, suffered or Done, by me ye sd Richard Scott, or by any other person, or persons whatever, by my means, Title, Assent, Concent, or procurement. And I 176 The Holders of Holderness ye sd Richard Scott, the sd Island named Patience, together wth all and Singular the Premises, above by these presents Granted, unto him ye sd Christopher Holder and his heirs in manner and form as above Ex- pressed, against me and my heirs and As- signs, will warrant and forever Defend by thes presents. "In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and Seal the sixth and twentieth day of February, in ye Eight and twen- tieth-years of ye reign of Our Sovereign Lord Charles ye second King of England Anno. Dom 1675. ''Richard Scott. [seal.] ''Signed & Delivered in ye presence of "Thomas Clifton, [seal.] "Walter Clarke, [seal.] "Walter Newbury, [seal.]'' Christopher Holder was married twice, as we have seen; first to Mary Scott, of Providence, who presented him with two daughters — Mary and Elizabeth. Mary Mrs. Russell Sage. The Holders of Holderness 177 married Peleg Slocum, a minister of the Society of Friends, in 1680, and in 1684 they moved to Dartmouth. In 1694 Peleg was named one of the proprietors in con- formitory deed of Governor Bradford. He was a staunch Quaker, and in 1699 built the first meeting house in Dartmouth. "It was 35 feet long, 30 feet wide and 14 feet stud." Peleg was a minister of the society of Friends. He died in 1783, and left his wife $200 a year. If she married, $100, and to his son, Holder Slocum, 429 acres southerly part of the homestead and one- half of Cuttyhunk island. The manor house went to the grandchildren. From these are descended many of the American Slocums among the Friends, well known members of the family being Mrs. Russell Sage and Dr. Barker Newhall. Christopher Holder's second wife, Hope Clifton, was his friend and companion and that of his wife. She was the daughter of Thomas and Mary Butterworth CHfton, 178 The Holders of Holderness formerly of Olveston, Gloucestershire, England. They were married in Provi- dence in 1666. Thomas Clifton was a man of culture, wealth and education, a descendant of an old and distinguished family of Roos, Holderness, England. Clifton, of Glouces- tershire, was named after the family whose members married into the noble fam- ilies of England long before the time of the Conqueror. One of the daughters, Eleanor Clifton, married a son of Sir John Constable, of the manor of Burton-Con- stable, one of the most beautiful places in England to-day, having been in the family since the time of Sir John Constable, Knight (1346). Thomas Clifton came to America in 1641 with the Puritans, an eminent advocate of their views, and that he might enjoy reHgious freedom. (The Clifton arms are sable, a lion rampant, int. 12 cinque foils, arg.) The Cliftons were early converts to the preaching of Chris- The Holders of Holderness 179 topher Holder and had entertained him on many occasions, and at her father's house Christopher Holder met Hope, who was a minister and associated with many of his experiences. The Cliftons originally settled in Concord, Mass., in 1641, in 1643 moving to Providence. By this marriage Christopher Holder had seven children. They were Chris- topher, Hope, Patience, Patience 2d, John (who died in infancy), Content and Anne. Of these John, Content, Anne and Patience died young, and it has been found impos- sible to trace Hope. Christopher, Jr., settled in his native town of Newport and became a large property owner there. There is a deed recorded by Richard Ward, Recorder, October 6, 171 5, showing that he sold, July 9, 1692, to Rodger Golding, fifty acres of land in Newport formerly owned by his grandfather, Thomas Clifton, and before him to his father, Christopher Holder. This was sold for $500 — sug- i8o The Holders of Holderness gestive of the advance in values in New- port in two hundred years. George Fox in his journal refers to the presence of Christopher Holder with him in New York in 1672 in the following: 'The same day James Lancaster and Chris- topher Holder went over the bay to Rye on the continent in Governor Winthrop's government and had meeting there." Again he is referred to as having been at Jamaica, where a meeting was held. Soon after this Christopher Holder visited Eng- land to protest against the indignities per- petrated upon Friends. In May, 1682, he was committed to prison on a warrant is- sued by Justice Hunt for refusing to take the oath of allegiance. Two days later at the Charter Session the oath was again presented to him, and again he refused to, swear, though willing to affirm or declare. On the 28th of May he was preaching in Bellipoole, when Giles Ball, of Somerset- shire, keeper of the Illchester gaol, entered The Holders of Holderness i8i the house and ordered him to desist, and after the meeting he was arrested, and after being confined in jail he was sent to Laun- ceston Castle, Cornwall, England, where George Fox and others were confined for nearly a year in 1656 while Christopher Holder and his friends were attempting to reach New England. Almost every Friend around Bristol was now in jail, and hundreds were imprisoned all over England. According to Bowden, "Holder was a prisoner in all more than four years and a half till the 12th month, 1685." His pardon came with the accession of James the Second, who released the Quakers from jails all over England and gave them liberty of conscience. Broken in health by his long imprisonment and by the many terrible experiences he had passed through, Christopher Holder re- tired to his home. In his last years he still took an active part in the meetings of the Society for which he had devoted his life. 1 82 The Holders of H older ness With William Penn, George Fox, Edward Burroughs and others he was a sturdy figure standing out in strong relief in this era of intolerance and bigotry, and one of the advance guards of the culture and re- finement of the following centuries. He died at Ircott, in the parish of Almonds- bury, on the 13th of April, 1688, and Hes at Hazell. "Having been described as a young man during his first visit to New England," says Bowden, "his age probably did not exceed sixty. He was a minister about thirty-three years, and to him, we doubt not, the language of the Psalmist may be applied, 'Mark the perfect man and behold the upright, for the end of that man is peace.' " Christopher Holder spent his life fighting for a principle, a corner stone of the highest civilized governments of to- day, — religious liberty. During the years of his ministry 13,562 Quakers were im- prisoned, 152 transported, 338 died in prison of their wounds; many were exe- The Holders of Holderness 183 cuted, branded and banished. Few men in the history of the world have made a better fight for liberty of conscience. Among the old Friends it was the custom to report the sufferings of Friends to the quarterly meetings, and herewith are those of the ancestor of the Quaker American Holders, given briefly as an example of suffering for conscience sake: Sufferings of Christopher Holder, a Min- ister of the Society of Friends. 1655— 1688. I- 1655- Jailed in Illchester, England, for refusing to take off his hat. 2. 1656. Arrested and jailed in Boston as a Quaker. Property (books) burned on Boston Common. Banished in the ''Speed- well." 3. 1657. Arrested in Martha's Vine- yard. Ordered away. House closed against him by order of Governor. 13 184 The Holders of H older ness 4. 1657. Arrested in Plymouth. Ban- ished from town. Ordered to walk to Rhode Island. 5. 1657. Arrested. Throttled in First Church, Salem, Mass. 6. 1657 (August). Given thirty lashes. Jailed in Boston. Kept three days without food. 7. 1657 (September). Confined in jail five weeks. Whipped twice a week. Re- ceived 357 lashes in seven weeks while in jail. 9. 1657 (October). Banished. 10. 1658 (April). Bound and whipped with knotted cords in Barnstable. Thirty- three lashes. 11. 1658 (June). Arrested in Dedham. Jailed in Boston. 12. 1658 (July). Right ear cut off in jail and whipped after the mutilation. 13. 1658 (August). Whipped every week with knotted cord for nine weeks. 14. 1659. Arrested in Salem. The Holders of Holderness 185 15. 1659. Banished on pain of death and given fifteen stripes. 16. 1682 (May). Committed to jail for refusing to take an oath. 17. 1682. Arrested in Somersetshire, England, for preaching. 18. 1683 (May). Arrested for preaching at Bellipoole. 19. 1685. Released by James Second (four years and a half had been spent in jail for the crime of insisting upon the rights of free conscience). Christopher Holder's name is on a monument at Shelter Island with other martyrs to the cause so near to the heart of true Americans. During all the period of Quaker baiting in New England they had a true and loyal friend in Nathaniel Sylvester, an American philanthropist, a Friend and sympathizer with Friends. He lived across the Sound from Rhode Island at Shelter Island, where 1 86 The Holders of Holderness his hospitable manor house was always open to the banished Quaker, and many were entertained there. He was a Friend of George Fox, Christopher Holder, William Robinson, William Leddra, Mar- maduke Stephenson and other martyrs, and many found shelter at his home. Here Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick fled when banished, and here they died. The name of Sylvester is thrice honored by every Friend to-day, who recognize in him a type of the true American. In 1676 Christopher Holder was a guest at the old manor house at Shelter Island, and Bowden mentions a visit showing that Christopher Holder also visited Nathaniel Sylvester with George Fox in this year. At Oyster Bay and also at Flushing they had very large meetings, some of those who attended them having come a distance of thirty miles. While George Fox was en- gaged in the work at these places Chris- topher Holder and others were similarly The Holders of Holderness 187 occupied in the town of Jamaica. Bowden thus refers to Nathaniel Sylvester: "He was the sole proprietor of Shelter Island, which Hes in an inlet of the sea near the eastern point of Long Island. When he became possessed of this interesting little domain, or when he joined in religious profession with Friends we are uninformed, but as early as the Third Month, 1659, he is referred to as one who had adopted our principles. The liberality and kindness of Nathaniel Sylvester became known to Friends in England, and John Taylor, of York, when he visited America in 1659, first landed on the shores of Shelter Island, and was, he says, very kindly received. Except this island and the colony of Rhode Island, there was not at this time a nook or corner in the colonies of North America on which a Friend could land without ex- posing himself to severe suffering and the shipmaster to a heavy penalty. The pos- session, therefore, of the island in ques- 1 88 The Holders of Holderness tion by one who loved the truth was a providential circumstance, peculiarly favor- able to Friends at this juncture, and not to be viewed as one of mere chance." A descendant of Nathaniel Sylvester has erected a tomb to his memory shown here- with, upon which are engraved the names of Christopher Holder and his friends, the only monument these early martyrs have to commemorate their deeds for civiliza- tion and the world. The author, speaking for the descendants of the Holders, takes this occasion to indicate their hearty ap- preciation of the delicate courtesy which prompted the act on the part of the late Professor Eben Norton Horsford, of Har- vard, and his family, lineal descendants of Nathaniel Sylvester. It was characteristic of the distinguished man from whom they are descended. In the New England His- torical and Genealogical Register I found the following description of this tomb: The Holders of Holdevness 189 (On the Horizontal Tablet of the Table Tomb :) TO NATHANIEL SYLVESTER. First Resident Proprietor of the Manor of Shelter Island under grant of Charles Second A.D. 1666 (Arius). An Englishman, Intrepid, Loyal to Duty, Faithful to Friendship, the Soul of in- tegrity and Honor, Hospitable to Worth and Cul- ture sheltering ever the persecuted for conscience sake. The daughters of Mary and Phoebe Gardiner Horsford, Descendants of Patience daughter of Nathaniel Sylvester and wife of the Huguenot Ben- jamin L'Hommedieu in Reverence and Affection for the good name of their ancestor in 1884 set up these stones for a Memorial. 1610 1680. Under the Table : A list of names of Descendants of Anne Brinley, of the female side. Succession of Proprietors. The Manhansett Tribe. The King. The Earl of Sterling. James Farrett. Stephen Goodyear. Nathaniel Sylvester. Giles Sylvester. Brinley Sylvester. Thomas Deer- ing. Sylvester Deering. Mary Catherine L'Hom- medieu. Samuel Smith Gardner. Eben Norton Horsford. On the South Steps is engraved the fol- lowing names of friends of Nathaniel Syl- igo The Holders of Holderness vester who had become distinguished in various ways, as follows: of the Sufferings for conscience sake of friends of Nathaniel Sylvester, most of whom sought shelter here including GEORGE FOX Founder of the Society of Quakers And his Followers Mary Dyer. William Leddra. William Robinson, Marmaduke Stephenson. executed on Boston Common. On East Steps: Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick Despoiled, imprisoned, starved, whipped, banished. Who fled here to die. On the North Steps: David Gould, bound to gun carriage and lashed. Edward Wharton, "The much scourged." Chris- topher Holder, "The mutilated." Humphrey Nor- ton, "The branded." John Rous, "The maimed." Giles Sylvester, "The champion." Ralph Goldsmith, 'The shipmaster." Samuel Shattuck, of the "King's Message." (These Stones are a Testimony.) CHAPTER XVI. NANTUCKET HOLDERS. Descendants of Christopher Holder.— Move to Nantucket.— The Old Contract.— Removal to Lynn. While Christopher Holder died in Eng- land, some of his children continued to re- side in America. Mary, of the first mar- riage, became the head, so far as the Holders are concerned, of the Slocums, to- day a well-known family in America. Of the children of Christopher Holder, Chris- topher, Jr., the only surviving son, was born in Newport and married Elizabeth Daniell,of Winterburne, England,* in 1691. *Christopher, Jr., was married, as was his father, in England, his residence at the time, according to the record of the English Society of Friends, being Hallatrow, County of Somerset, monthly meeting of Frenchay. His wife's home is given as Winter- burne, Gloucester County. There is also a record of the death of a "child of Christopher," dying December 5, 1693, at Frenchay; burial at Parish of Mangotsfield. 192 The Holders of Hold erne ss He was a land owner and man of wealth. His son John born about 1693 0^ i694j be- came a ship owner, and there is record of his making several trips to the Barbadoes, and it is not unlikely that he sailed a ship between Boston and London via Barba- does, this being a profitable route at the time. John, who may have been a prop- erty owner in Barbadoes, married about 1720, and his son Daniel, born 1721, was a shipbuilder, resident and land owner of Nantucket, the name being found on trans- fers and deeds in or about 1760.* The following is an ofBcial copy of the wedding certificate of Christopher Holder, Jr., and Elizabeth Daniell, from the Gen- eral Register office, Somerset House, Lon- don, England: "Whereas by the records of ye people of ye Lord called Quakers (it doth) or may *The name Daniel is very common in the family, and it is not unlikely that John gave his son Daniel, of Nantucket, the surname Daniell, taking it from his grandmother, Elizabeth Daniell. The Holders of Holderness 193 apeare yt Christopher Holder of Hallstron in yr County of Somersett & Elizabeth Daniell of Winterborne in the County of Glouce; did on the second day of ye First month in ye yeare 1691 manifest at a meetting of ye people of ye Lord called Quakers held at Frenshay in the County aforesaid their intention of Marriage and whereas alsoe such their Intentions now publisht in the publick meetting of ye aforesaid people in the place and County aforesaid on the twenty ninth day of ye first month in ye yeare aforesaid; And whereas alsoe to this very day on Enquiry made there apeare noe reasonable cause wherefore there Marriage should be ob- structed. Wee therefore are witnesses that on the day of date of these presents the said Christopher Holder did in the presence of ye Lord & of us his people take the said Elizabeth Daniell to be his Wife and the said Elizabeth Daniell did take the said Christopher Holder to be her husband 194 The Holders of Hold erne ss & did mutually promise each to other to live together in love & Faithfullness ac- cording to God's Ordinance until by death they should be separated. ''And as a farther testimony of such their taking each other & of such their promisses each to other have hereunto with us put their hands this 15th day of ye second month year 1691. "Christopher Holder, ''Elizabeth Holder. "Josiah Cole, John Trueman, Walter Grymer, Roger Tibbott, James Ronison, John Brary, John Lunds, William Ball, WilHam Wadie, William Drinkworth, Ada Waltter, John Boulton, John King, Percy Coole, William Burkes, Hester Williams, Hezekiah Cole, Alexander Cole, Richard Bickham.'' The Holders early in 1700 were living at Newport, R. I., and in several towns on or about the Cape. Daniel Holder, the great- great-grandfather of the author, was not The Holders of Holderness 195 one of the original settlers of Nantucket, but he moved there some time previous to 1 75 1, and here all his children except Richard were born. The dates have all been verified and those in the author's family Bible compared with the list from the Nantucket Book of Births, Marriages and Deaths, which dates back to 1663. (Pages 70, 73, 75, 87.) In all probability Daniel Holder lived on the island twenty- five or thirty years. He was a shipbuilder, a man of means, and the author has the original of one of his contracts, a facsimile of which is shown elsewhere in this volume, written and signed by him in 1760, having been in the immediate family one hundred and forty-two years. This contract was given by Daniel Holder to his son Richard, of Lynn, in 1770, and so descended to the author. Almost every member of the Quaker branch of the family has at some time known of the $2,000,000 fortune in the 196 The Holders of Holderness Courts of Chancery, England, awaiting a missing Holder. That this fortune belongs to the Daniel Holder branch there is every reason to believe. Daniel Holder, grand- son of Christopher, Jr., was the heir, and according to tradition he sent his oldest son to England provided with the neces- sary papers to prove the claim. According to legend, he sailed via Barbadoes, and there was taken with the yellow fever and died, the papers never being recovered. Tradition states that it was the oldest son, but this could not be, as Thomas Holder, ancestor of the Berlin (Mass.) Holders, was the oldest, and he died in 1830. No serious attempt has been made to secure the elusive fortune.* *Regarding the fortune, Mr. Lewis G. Weatherly, an Englishman, living in San Francisco, a descend- ant of the Holders, wrote the author as follows in 1891: "Knowing that Charles and Frederick were family names (Christian), I am the more inclined to write to you, and it may be that after all our family may be connected, and we may be thus of use in rescuing from the octopus-like grasp of the Courts of Chancery the large fortune of something like £400,000." The Holders of Holderness 197 Allen Coffin, of Nantucket, wrote the author: "I find the name of Daniel Holder, whose wife was named Hannah, as grantee and grantor upon the Register of Deeds Lith, folio 19. As grantor, his wife, Hannah, joins in the deed." He continues: "I find Daniel's name in the land records but once as a grantee, and subsequently as a grantor of the same estate, which makes me think he removed from the island, as his name is not subsequently found. The deed to him is from George Hussey, of a tract of land presumably sold to Prince Pompey, a negro. Daniel Holder had purchased the land of the negro, and because there was some doubt whether a negro man could then lawfully buy or sell real estate, George Hussey confirmed the title to Daniel Holder which he had con- veyed to Pompey. The sale was without a deed, as none appears on record. Pompey was probably a slave, which raised the question as to his eligibiUty." Mr. Francis 198 The Holders of Holderness T. Holder told the author that he had heard this story discussed by the older members of the family. Daniel first had eight children, who were all brought up strict Friends of the school of their great-grandfather, Chris- topher Holder. His son Richard was the author's great-grandfather. Richard lived in Lynn, Mass., and doubtless was born there, near where his ancestor had preached one hundred years before. He married Mary Breed, daughter of Isaiah Breed and Hannah Estes, of Lynn, in 1784, the author's great-great-grandparents. The latter's quaint marriage certificate, faint and worn now in the possession of the author, is a typical document of the kind afifected by Friends at the time. All those present at the ceremony who desired signed it as witnesses, and the names are the fore- bears of many prominent families in Lynn to-day. The signers are: John Tyler, James Purington, Joseph Bassett, Humphrey The Holders of Holderness 199 Devereaux, Ezekiel Allen, Ebenezer Pope, Nathan Breed, Ebenezer Breed, Samuel Breed, Jr., John Bassett, Samuel Osborn, Wilham Bassett, Zaccheus Collins, Isaiah Breed, Hannah Breed, Hannah Estes, Jabez Breed (my fifth great-grandfather), Nathan Breed, Jr., Samuel Breed, Amos Breed, WilHam Estes, Mary Breed, Anna Estes and Mary Estes. Ihis was in 1748, and many of those who signed were very old people who may as children have listened to the preaching of Christopher Holder. The author has also the marriage certifi- cate, herewith shown, of his great-grand- father, Richard Holder, who married Mary Breed. It is dated Lynn, 1784, and en- tered on the records of the Salem Meet- ing, page 197. The names of witnesses which are of historical interest are as fol- lows: Henry Oliver, Recorder; Samuel Collins, Elizabeth Collins, Samuel New- hall, Ebenezer Breed, Micajah Collins, Estes Newhall, Daniel Newhall, Jedediah 14 200 The Holders of Holderness Purington, Joseph Bassett, John Pope, Patience Hawkes, Richard Pratt, Jr., Moses Alley, Nathan Breed, 3rd, Isaac Bas- sett, Mary Bassett, Rebekah Alley, Sarah Breed, Rebekah Phillips, Lydia Newhall, Hexia Breed, Content Alley, Elizabeth Bassett, James Breed, Jr., Jonathan Phillips, Jr., Richard Holder, Mary Holder, Isaiah Breed, Hannah Breed, Lois Alley, Theo- date Pope, Nehemiah Johnson, Hannah Johnson, James Alley, Folger Pope, Han- nah Rich, David Johnson, Kergia Johnson, Pharaoh Newhall, Benjamin Alley, Patience Silsbe, John Pratt and Nathan Breed, Jr. Richard and Mary Holder had five chil- dren — Miriam A., Ebenezer, Daniel, Han- nah B. and Aaron Lummus, the latter the author's grandfather. He married Rachael Bassett, one of five sisters noted for their beauty, cultivation and mental endow- ments. They were Hannah, Amy, Ruth, Rachael and Anne Bassett, and the picture of their sweet faces, surrounded by the The Holders of Holderness 20 1 Quaker bonnet, as they sat on the high seat in meeting as ministers or elders of the Society of Friends, rises before the author as these Unes are penned. The Bas- setts, from which family Francis T. Holder is also descended, were of ancient English lineage, related to the old English families of Braesford, Greville, Granville, de Du- stanvill, Beaumont and Chetwynde. The family has been traced directly to Henry First, through Maud FitzHenry,and earlier through the wife of Richard Bassett (Maud Ridel), a direct descendant of Wulgrincis, a relative of King Charles the Bold, who created him Duke of Angouleme and Peri- gord as far back as A.D. 886. It was far from these gentle Friends to have any pride in a noble lineage, and what data there was became the property of Dr. Joseph Bassett Holder, son of Rachael Bassett Holder and father of the author, who, despite his training and education as a Friend, had a strong pride of family. CHAPTER XVII. FRANCIS T. HOLDER. An Interesting Career. — His Influence Upon an American In- dustry. — A Free Quaker. Francis T. Holder, seventh in descent from the famous minister, Christopher, was born in CUnton, Mass. His grandfather, Thomas Holder, moved from Nantucket when he was twenty-four years old and settled in Berlin, Mass., building the house which became known as the Holder home- stead, shown herewith. Thomas was a strict Friend, and his wife, Sarah Gaskill, a Quaker minister of more than local fame. In his book, 'The Free Quakers," Dr. Weir Mitchell has given a graphic picture of the Quakers of Philadelphia during the Revolutionary War. The Free Quakers were those who repudiated the idea that 204 ^^^^ Holders of Holderness it was wrong to go to war when their country was menaced. The Free Quakers were not confined to the Revolution; the Quakers were as strong in the beUef of their doctrines in 1861 as they were in 1776, and it was, in all probability, not without much protest from friends and kinsmen that Francis T. Holder entered the army. It is said that all successful men are well fathered and mothered; this was well illustrated in this instance. From the time of Christopher Holder, 1656, to Daniel, 1721; Thomas, 1754, down to David, all his forebears were Quakers, educated in the strict school of Friends; and this means much, as every man who was a Quaker and remained one was per- force a type of honor, morality and integ- rity; if he was not, he was soon read out of the Meeting by the inexorable system of the Friends. David, the father of Francis, was a typical Friend of this class, a man of sterling quali- The Holders of Holderness 205 ties, whose word was as good as his bond in the country in which he Uved. He was educated at one of the large institutions of learning of the time and married Ruth Bassett, a beautiful woman, who sat upon the high seat in the meetings of the Society. The old homestead stands on a delightful country road, surrounded by lawn and orchards, with a background of trees. The author visited it in the fall, when the entire country was aglow with color. Hollyhocks nodded over the stone wall; corn in golden sheaves glistened in the sun, and all nature seemed vying to produce a typical pastoral scene. Not far distant is the smaller house where Francis passed his boyhood. Down a long country road under the shadow of large trees, backed up against low hills, it stands, rich in many memories of youth when the cousins from Lynn came here as boys. A part of the house is of stucco, and on the side is a tree formed of small pebbles bear- 2o6 The Holders of Holderness ing the date 1841. When visited by the writer the house stood in the shadow of hickory trees, the nuts of which dotted the ground. Down the orchard the men were binding corn; the fields flashed with gold- enrod, buttercups and asters, and as far as the eye could reach were patches of forest and clearings telling of the typical New England farming region. Over these hills and dales roamed the boy who was to become the head of one of the great manufactories of the world. Every one knew him, and the farmers treasured legends regarding him. He was a manly boy, and possessed of all the traits of the Friends. Even when very young what he said was accepted. An old man said: ''He was a natural-born leader." He could run faster, jump further, climb higher, shoot straighter than any boy in the three towns, and in all the contests among the boys it was a foregone conclusion that he would come out, if not always at the head, The Holders of Holderness 207 very near it. He had the educational ad- vantages of the country schools, and when a young man obtained a position in the Bigelow carpet manufactory, of Clinton, Mass., occupying a responsible position as assistant in charge of the weaving depart- ment of the company. Here he remained until the Civil War, when his patriotism overcame his Quaker prejudices and he volunteered as a private in the Third Mas- sachusetts Cavalry, a regiment raised by Thomas Chickering, of piano fame, who went as its colonel. The regiment was originally the Forty-first Massachusetts Infantry, but was changed in the South to a cavalry regiment. The regiment underwent hard and arduous service in the Red River campaign under General N. P. Banks, and was in all of Sheridan's campaigns and battles in the Shenan- doah Valley, among which were Win- chester, Cedar Creek, etc. At Sabine Crossroads, on the Red River, Mr. Holder's 2o8 The Holders of HoJdemess company went into the fight with eighty- three men and came out with twenty sur- vivors of the terrible carnage. For a time he was attached to a Hght battery in the regular army, in the discipline of which he obtained the suggestions which made him a successful business man. In conversation with the author he once said that he laid much of his success in life to the habits of discipline he formed in the regular army, where everything was done by rule, and absolute unquestioned obedience was the order of the day; but it is very evident that other factors entered into the mental make-up of the young Quaker. He pos- sessed executive ability to a marked de- gree, indefatigable energy, and more im- portant perhaps than all, he had the rare power of administrative ability and of ob- taining the most and best out of men and things. It was these and other traits that attracted the attention of his employers when a very young man, and when he left \ Mis. John Garrison Peene. The Holders of Holderness 209 the army nothing was more natural than that he should return to carpet manu- facturing. It was soon discovered that he could produce more than others under the same conditions; he soon improved the existing system by the introduction of labor-saving appliances and systematizing the methods of work, and when placed over a number of workers it was found that he could make his department, what- ever it was, the leading producer in the institution. The young man was not satisfied until he knew the business from beginning to end, and every complicated machine in it; this accomplished, he was in a position to suggest improvements in labor-saving machinery and in many direc- tions. Mr. Holder's life becomes a valuable object lesson to every young man. It typifies success by personal effort, and the secret appears to be earnest application and persistent effort to do everything as 2IO The Holders of Hold ernes s well as possible. If a thing is worth doing at all it is worth doing not only well, but a little better than any one else, was his maxim; and so well did he manage his machinery and the men under him that the large manufactory of Alexander Smith & Sons, of Yonkers, made him an ofTer to join them. The development of this enormous business, the largest producer almost twice over of any similar institution manufacturing textile fabrics for flooring in the world, is to a large extent due to his energy and ability. He revolutionized the business, and may be said to be the author of existing methods in which perfect system is the principle. Perhaps no man in America to-day has done more to place the United States at the head of the world in the manufacture of textile fabrics of this class. When he joined the Alexander Smith & Sons Carpet Company, of Yonk- ers, ninety per cent, of all carpets and rugs used in this country were imported; even The Holders of H older ness 211 skilled labor was brought from the great carpet centers of Europe to work in Amer- ican factories. Plants were few, and most of them were equipped with hand looms and produced only ingrain carpets. Nearly all the machinery used in making carpets was imported. All this was changed by Mr. Holder, who saw that American machinery was constructed; but more im- portant than all, he devised and introduced what is known as the factory system; taught American youths to run the ma- chinery and manage it, and within twenty- three years so turned the tables that Amer- ican carpets were successfully competing with foreign goods of the oldest looms in all Europe; so successfully that a strong and vigorous protest came from foreign manufacturers, who were amazed to find themselves competing on their ground with American carpets and rugs. What this meant for American labor in many different directions may be readily imag- 212 The Holders of Holderness ined. No man is better or more favorably known in the textile world. As a manu- facturer and organizer of labor in mill work; as a manager, Mr. Holder has no superior and few if any equals, and the people of the United States are indebted to him for the low-priced carpets and rugs of to-day, his system reducing the cost to consumers about fifty per cent., the result being a vastly cheaper and better article. The following is copied from the Carpet and Upholstery Trade Review of February 15, 1902, upon the retirement of Mr. Holder from the presidency of the Alex- ander Smith & Sons Carpet Company: Frank T. Holder resigned on the 25th ult. his position as president of the Alexander Smith & Sons Carpet Company, the resignation being re- ceived at the annual meeting of the corporation at that date and accepted at Mr. Holder's request. Mr. Holder has been identified vith the carpet in- dustry for about fifty years. Born in Clinton. Mass., in 1833, his earliest experience in mill work was acquired in the gingham department of H. N. Bigelow's mill at Clinton. He relinquished this The Holders of Holderness 213 position to take a more importrnt one in the Brus- sels mill of the Bigclow Carpet Company and re- mained with this corporation until 1863, leaving it then to enlist in the Third Massachusetts Cavalry. When this regiment was mustered out of service, two years later, he returned to the mill at Clinton and remained there until 1870, when he was en- gaged by Alexander Smith to act as superintendent of the mills of Mr. Smith at Yonkers. Mr. Holder was particularly well equipped for this position, being familiar with every department of carpet mill work and possessing also notable executive ability. His work and responsibilities increased materially as the Smith mills grew in extent of production and general importance in the industry, but he was always found equal to every demand upon him. In January, 1894, Mr. Holder was chosen president. Mr. Holder retires because he is now almost sev- enty years of age, and naturally desires to be re- leased from the strain of active business; but he remains a member of the company's board of directors. He well deserves the rest he now seeks, for his career in the trade has been long and arduous, as well as successful and eminently honor- able. Mr. Holder has an attractive home on Locust Hill Avenue, in Yonkers, N. Y. His winter home is in Pasadena, Cal, 214 The Holders of H older ness where, on Orange Grove Avenue, he owns a Spanish-American house with all the beautiful semi-tropic surroundings that characterize this city of roses. He has a farm at Barton, Vt., situated on a sightly- eminence overlooking the valley of Barton, in which he has large interests. Several years ago he built for the Orleans County Fair Association a half-mile race track, equipped with grandstand and buildings for the exhibition of stock, the entire equipment said to be the finest in Vermont. About five miles from Barton is Fox Hall, the summer home of his daughter, Mrs. John Garrison Peene, one of the most beautiful places in Vermont. The house stands on the west side of Willoughby Lake, a picturesque sheet of water with high and abrupt hills overhanging it, so that the trees are mirrored in its clear depths. The lake is about five miles long and one in width, and from almost every point of the fine drive around it some view Barn and Hall donated to Friends' Meeting, Bolton, Mass., by Francis T. Holder. The Holders of H older ness 215 of Fox Hall is seen, while from the house many vistas of the lake appear. The estate includes many acres and adjoins the old Davis Homestead of Mrs. Peene's grand- father, which stood upon the shores of Willoughby Lake. While a devoted man of business, Mr. Holder is a man of affairs. He has been a member of the Players' Club and the New York Yacht Club, and owner of the hand- some steam yacht *'Wachusett," in which he cruised every season. In commercial circles his name is well known. He has always retained his interest in the church of his fathers, and a gift made in Bolton is characteristic of the man. The Friends who worshipped at the little Meeting needed some assistance and applied to Mr. Holder for aid in building a house in which to hold entertainments. He replied that he would make a donation if they would permit him to select it. There was, of course, no opposition. He told them that 15 2i6 The Holders of Holderness one of his earliest recollections as a boy at this place was sitting in the comfortable meeting house and looking out at the line of horses exposed and uncovered to the icy winter wind, and he had often wished that he could do something for them. The Friends were glad of his aid, and as a re- sult the horses of the Quakers of Bolton have a large and commodious barn into which many teams can drive and be shut in as securely as the worshippers themselves. When this building was completed, Mr. Holder also gave the building which had been asked for. The act was illustrative of the donor's love for horses, of which he has always had fine specimens. At one time he owned True Chimes, the fastest half- mile trotter in the world. Mr. Holder married in early life Miss Arabella Davis, of the town of Newark, near Willoughby Lake, Vt., a woman of sterling character and worth, a descendant of one of the old colonial New England Home of Phebe Holder, Poetess, Berlin, Mass. The Holders of Holderness 217 families. She lies in Mount Hope Ceme- tery, her resting place marked by a beauti- ful mausoleum. The issue of this marriage was one daughter, who married Captain John Garrison Peene, of Yonkers. The second wife of Francis T. Holder is Eliz- abeth Woodbury, of Bolton, Mass., a de- scendant of the old family of that name, Mrs. Holder's grandfather having been a soldier of the Colonial army. CHAPTER XVIIL SOME BOLTON AND BERLIN HOLDERS. Phebe, the Poetess.— Major John Holder Read out of Meeting for His Musical Tastes. In the vicinity of Bolton, Berlin and Clinton many descendants of Thomas Holder, of Nantucket, are living. No country is more beautiful in summer than this; essentially a farming region abound- ing in forests, brooks and streams. It was particularly attractive to the author, who found it in the fall a blaze of autumnal glory, the roads overarched with trees, tun- nels of verdure, where long stone walls cov- ered with vines formed the squirrel's high- way. On one of these typical New England roads was found the attractive vine-clad cottage of Miss Phebe Holder, the well- known poetess, a graduate of Westfield 220 The Holders of H old e mess Normal College. For many years she was a teacher, having a taste for literature which has found expression in prose and verse, published in the various literary pub- lications of the day, v/hile many of her poems have been issued in book form under the title of ''Echoes of Lake View." In Berlin lived John Holder, a well known character, with a large acquaint- ance throughout the country. He was a birthright Friend, and was educated by his parents for the ministry, his mother, Sarah Gaskell, having been a Quaker min- ister of note. But by some trick, certainly not of inheritance, unless it came from Dr. WilHam Holder referred to, John, whose ancestors for generations had looked upon music as a worldly device, developed a re- markable musical talent, which found such marked expression that he devoted him- self to it with such vigor that the Friends read him out of Meeting. He founded the first musical college in that part of the The Holders of Holderness 221 State. His son, Henry R. Holder, enlisted in Company I, Fifth Massachusetts In- fantry, in 1862, serving in the war of the Rebellion, being honorably discharged at the end of his enlistment. Some years ago, July 4, 1872, the Hold- ers held a reunion at Lancaster, and many representatives of the family were present. The reunion was held at the residence of William P. Holder, and among the guests were: Miss Caroline Holder, WilHam C. Holder, of Lynn; Greely Dow, of Bolton; F. D. Brigham, of Hudson; Hon. C. J. Holder, of Boston; W. C. Holder, Harriet E. Holder, Francis T. Holder, of Yonkers; among them was Jackson Locke, Esq., of Boston, a lineal descendant of Captain Locke, of the ''Speedwell," which brought Christopher Holder to America in 1656. Mr. Locke later married a descendant of the famous m.inister. At this meeting the literary exercises were particularly inter- esting. Miss Caroline H. Holder, of Lynn, 2.22. The Holders of Holderness read a poem referring to Christopher Holder and his fame, some of the lines of which are as follows: Over two hundred years have sped Since our ancestor, by the spirit led, Fired by a true devotion, In the "Speedwell" crossed the ocean. From the city of London he came, Bearing with him the Holder name. In this land, on Freedom's soil. Here to worship, here to toil, H3re to rear a family tree Full of grace and symmetry. ******* Welcome to this family meeting. Ye whose hearts with love are beating, Loyal to the Holder name, Guarding it from sin and shame. Ye who in the paths of life Never seek the ways of strife; But ever an influence sweet Lend to all with whom ye meet, Seeing in each human soul The Lord who doth this world control. Miss Harriet H. Holder also read a poem referring to Christopher Holder and the ancestors of the family. CHAPTER XIX. LYNN AND BOSTON HOLDERS. Aaron Holder, Joseph Bassett Holder, James Holder, Charles F. Holder, Rachael Bassett Holder.— Daniel Holder, of Mar- blehead, Nathaniel Holder, Daniel C. Holder. Lynn, Massachusetts, has always been a stronghold for Friends or Quakers, and socially and in business they were the dominating factors up to within a decade or so, and the "old families" of to-day are Friends or families into which they have married. Christopher Holder preached re- peatedly near Lynn and in the country along shore in the years 1657 to 1680, but, according to the records of the Salem Meeting, a regular Meeting was not estab- lished in ''Linn" until 1688, and then at the house of Samuel Collins, which stood on Essex Street, near the Ingalls School. 224 ^^^ Holders of Holderness Richard Holder was the first of the family born in Lynn. Daniel Holder, another brother, settled in Marblehead, and his descendant, Nath- aniel Holder, settled in Lynn. Richard married Mary Breed, whose marriage cer- tificate, previously alluded to, is given herewith. The old homestead, which stood on one of the most sightly situations along the entire coast, is described in the his- torical notes by the author's father in a following chapter. The five children of Richard all lived in Lynn. Aaron Lummus Holder married Rachael Bassett, of Ux- bridge, an aunt of Francis T. Holder. He was a man whose strong personality made him a prominent figure in the community in which he lived. Rachael Holder was a minister and graced the high seat of the Lynn Meeting for many years. She was a type of the strict Friends, who had changed but Httle since the time of Christopher Holder. Conscientious to a painful degree, The Holders of H older ness 225 possessed of unusual mental endowments, yet not deeming it right to display them. One of the first recollections of the author in the old home was when a child he stepped out to see a company of the Old Guard who were training in connection with the Freemont campaign. As the bear-skin caps came up the street his grandmother led him into the house and closed the door, not willing that the child should even look upon ''men of war." Being so conscientious on the subject, her feelings can well be imagined when her nephew, Francis T. Holder, and her son, Joseph Bassett Holder, became 'Tree Quakers," and entered the service and served through the Civil War, the former as a cavalryman and Joseph as a surgeon. Rachael Holder had a fondness for Utera- ture and a talent for writing, which, under different circumstances, would have made her conspicuous among the literary lights of her day. She was a poet of no mean 226 The Holders of Holderness order of merit, according to Greenleaf Whittier, a relative and friend, yet so con- scientious, was she that most of her writings were destroyed as soon as written. Enough were saved to constitute a little volume, brought out after her death by her granddaughter, Rachael Aldrich, of Bloomington, Illinois. Aaron and Rachael Holder had four children — ^Joseph, James, Mary and Sarah. James succeeded to the business of his father and gave promise, had he lived, of being a brilliant business man. He was universally respected and admired for his many graces of character. Joseph Bas- sett Holder was born in the old Rich- ard Holder homestead, in Lynn, built about 1690. He was a man of high cultiva- tion, of artistic tastes, with a strong lean- ing for scientific pursuits. A birthright Friend, he was educated at the Friends' School at Providence, and later studied medicine at Harvard. He early became a ^^s ^ Dr. Joseph Bassett Holder. The Holder's of Holderness 227 friend of Louis Agassiz, then living at Nahant, and the author often visited l:he home of the great Swiss naturalist with him. The two men dredged the bay and collected together, and the friendship materially influenced Dr. Holder's later career. While at Harvard he was demon- strator of anatomy for Oliver Wendell Holmes, and was present at the first ap- plication of ether. He began the practice of medicine in Swampscott, building an artistic Gothic home on the hills overlook- ing Massachusetts Bay, now owned by Mr. Joy. From here he soon moved to Lynn, was appointed city physician and rapidly became noted as a surgeon. He made the first list of plants and birds of Essex County; was the founder and president of one of, if not the first. Natural History societies of Lynn, and was interested in collecting data relating to history of the county and town. He was an artist of more than ordinary talent, one of his paint- 228 The Holders of H older ness ings being the ''Old Hermit," now in the Essex Institute, while the ''Dry Tortugas" and other works by his brush are owned by the author. In 1859 Louis Agassiz and Spencer Baird, of the Smithsonian, in- duced him to go to the Florida Reef to study its growth and development in the interests of science. This he did, also be- coming surgeon-in-charge of the Engineer Department. He sent North valuable col- lections and data to Agassiz and the Smithsonian, the Museum of Compara- tive Zoology at Cambridge, College of the City of New York, etc. One of the im- portant discoveries he made related to the growth of corals. It was believed that coral grew very slowly, but by keeping specimens under observation and in a sea aquarium, he found that branch corals grew five or six inches a year, and meandrina were also fast growers, a small head doubling its size in a year, thus The Holders of Holderness 229 upsetting all preconceived ideas about the extreme slowness of the growth of corals. On the breaking out of the war Dr. Holder entered the army and became health officer and surgeon of the military prison at Fort Jefferson, remaining at Tor- tugas seven years, fighting yellow fever during the Civil War and saving hundreds of lives at the risk of his own. Government suppHes were often inadequate, and he raised money in various ways, by personal effort, to save the prisoners and others from scurvy. Aside from his views on the army, Dr. Holder was a consistent Friend, a man of the highest character, a type of the gentlemen of the old school, when this term included the ethics of Christianity. He was universally beloved and respected. In 1869 Dr. Holder was ordered to Fort- ress Monroe, Va., and while there was in- vited to join Prof. A. S. Bickmore in organizing the American Museum of Nat- ural History, New York. 230 The Holders of Holderness He was assistant director, then curator of Zoology from 1871 to 1888, the time of his death. Dr. Holder was a frequent con- tributor to the magazines of the day. Among his works are: ''Fauna Americana,'* "Our Living World"; in collaboration with J. G. Wood, the ''Museum of Natural His- tory"; with Sir John Richardson, the ''At- lantic Right Whale"; Proceedings of the American Museum of Natural History, "Stone Collars of Porto Rico," "Along the Florida Reef," Harpers', and many articles and papers in scientific publications. He was a patron of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Fellow of the New York Academy of Sciences, member and one of the found- ers of the Ornithological Union, member of the Society of Naturalists of the Eastern United States, the Geographical Society, member of the Harvard Club and others. Dr. Holder married Emily A. Gove, a Friend, of Lynn, a lineal descendant of Ed- ward Gove, the Quaker of Hampton, Charles Frederick Holder. TJie Holders of Holderness 231 N. H., the original seceder from England, who in 1683 headed the movement against English rule to protest against the dissolv- ing of the State Assembly by the English Governor, Cranfield. Gove was arrested, sentenced to death, but finally sent to England. His estates were forfeited and he was confined for three years in the Tower of London, from v/here he was re- leased by King James under the general pardon to Quakers in 1686. His estates were returned to him, and his descendants aided, in 1776, in successfully accompHsh- ing what he attempted seventy-five years previous. (See Gove genealogy, ''History of Weare, N. H.") Dr. J. B. and Emily Holder had one son, Charles Frederick (author), born in Lynn, Mass., August 5, 185 1. The following biographical data is copied from ''Who is Who in America," by Marquis & Co., and from the "History of Los Angeles County." Charles Frederick Holder, birth- 16 232 The Holders of HoIJciiicss ri^lit Frioiul or (Juakor. accoinpaiiiod his father to Florida aiul spout five or six years on the reef. Educated at Friends' School, Providence; Allen's English and Classical School. West Newton and United States Naval Academy; hocaiuo assistant curator American INlusouni oi Natural History, New York, 187 j. In 1S75 ^avo up all other interests to devote himself to Htera- ture. Fellow New \'ork Academy of Sciences, member of National Geograph- ical Society, etc. Known in England as American Riographer Charles Darwin. Voluminous contributor to the magazines and literary press of America and Europe. His published works are: "Life of Charles Darwin," "Life of Louis Agassiz" (Piif- hcvh's), "Marvels of Animal Life," "The Ivory King," "Living Lights," "Angling" (joint author), (Scribncr's) ; "The Treasure Divers," "Stories of Animal Life" (Dodd, Mead & Co.), "Elements of Zoology," "Natural Flistory Tales," "Fishes and The Holders of IJolderness 2:^3 Reptiles," *'Thc Corals and Jelly Fishes," "Mammals," "Insects," '"Jhe Birds" (American Hook Co.;, "The Large Came Fishes" CMacmillan Coj, "A Strange Company" (Lothrop & Co.), "An Isle of Summer" CMurdock & Co.), "Around Pasadena" (Lee & Shepardj, "'ihe Ad- ventures of Torqua" CLittle, lirown & Co. J. Mr. Holder went to I-'asadena, Cal., for his health in 1885; has been president of the Board of Education of Pasadena, trus- tee Throop Polytechnic Institute, trustee Los Angeles State Normal School; trustee of Public Library. lie founded and edited the Californian Illustrated Maga- sine, but sold his interest and retired at the end of two years. Six or eight months later the magazine suspenrled. With Ex-Covernor Lionel A. Sheldon he edited the Los Angeles Tribune. In 1879 married Sarah E. Ufford, lineal descendant of the Huguenot William Provost (Paris, 1545J, the founder of one of the most dis- 234 The Holders of Holderness tinguished families in American history, a prominent member of the American Branch being Right Rev. Samuel Provost, first Episcopal bishop of New York. (See Provost Genealogy, by Judge Andrew J. Provost. New York, 1895.) Among the well-known Holders of Lynn was Nathaniel Holder, born in Marblehead, and married to Hannah Dodge Morgan, of Salem. He had thirteen children, forty grandchildren and eight great-grandchil- dren at the time of his death. He removed to Lynn in 1833 and became prominently identified in the growth and development of the city, opening up several portions and building many houses. Mr. Holder was educated for the ministry and had for his first charge a church in Washington, N. H. Later he joined the Unitarian Church and finally became a business man, a builder and extensive real estate dealer, also owning a large wholesale bakery busi- ness in Lynn. He laid out Pine Hill into The Holders of Holdcrness 235 streets, from Linwood to Walnut; he also laid out Greenwood, Ontario, Tapley, Grove, Salem and Cedar Streets. He was one of five to buy and lay out Pine Grove Cemetery. Mr. Holder was a refined and cultivated man, universally respected and honored. He served his term as overseer of the poor, school trustee, and in 1853 was a member of the State Legislature. Miss Harriet E. Holder came into posses- sion of many of the articles of glass owned by the Marblehead Branch and has donated them to the Lynn Historical Society. Two pieces date back to the seventeenth cen- tury, a Canton China plate and an illum- inated glass tumbler. There are but few of these tumblers now in this country, and these were originally brought to New York from Holland by some Knickerbocker families. From colonial times, also, is a Canton sugar bowl of unique shape, a wine- glass, a tea pot and a copper lustre cream pitcher. An interesting piece is the 236 The Holders of Holderness ''Washington vase plate." A large number of these were manufactured soon after the death of Washington, as memorial plates. The design is graceful but rather morbid for modern taste, being a funeral urn. These plates caught the popular fancy, and there was a great demand for them. An- other plate of Olympic ware pictures out the ancient Grecian games. A cup has a beautiful design in a wreath of passion flowers, and a tea plate with raised lavender flowers is artistic. Among the Holders of Lynn born at the old homestead overlooking the bay was Daniel, oldest son of Richard. He was a man of fine presence, courtly, refined and cultivated. In early life he moved to Balti- more, then to New York, where he ac- cumulated, as a merchant, a large fortune, which was, unfortunately, lost in one of the memorable panics of the period. He mar- ried Sarah Fairbanks Houghton, of Lynn, a woman of culture and attainments, social The Holders of Holderness 237 and otherwise. Their sons, Charles and Richard, were educated at Friends' School in Providence when living in New York, and in 1837 the family moved to Tremont, 111. Both sons were, like their father, of literary and scientific tastes. Richard in 1846 took the overland trip to Oregon, during which he had two serious encount- ers with Indians, twice having his horse shot, and also narrowly escaped starvation, the party at one time being reduced to their leather bootlegs for food. In 1853 the brothers entered into business in Bloomington, 111. Richard was a trustee of the State Normal College, planned the Natural History Rooms and donated 500 specimens of birds mounted for study. He also gave similar collections to the Wes- leyan University. He was president of the Illinois State Fair Association for many years, president of the Library Board, and at the time of his death was the representa- tive of the C. N. W. R. R. in Freeport, 111. The Holders of Holderness 239 In all of his over fifty years of business life, he was always honorable, just, impartial, frank and open in his dealings, and one who will be missed from his accustomed place in the trade. He was held in the highest esteem by the friends and associates, both in the social and business world, and by his genial, cordial manner and faith- ful friendliness will be missed by those who have been accustomed to meet him in the various walks of life. To his family we tender our heartfelt sympathy in their great sorrow and in the loss of such a good husband and father, and to his partners, in the pass- ing away of such a kind and faithful associate and adviser. As a mark of respect we shall close our stores during the hour of the funeral from twelve to one, noon, February 25th, and shall insert these minutes in the Boston papers. Committee of the Boston Metal Trade. CHAPTER XX. HISTORICAL NOTES. References to the Family Left by Dr. Joseph Bassett Holder. Description of Richard Holder.— A Colonial Quaker Home. Among the private papers of Dr. Joseph Bassett Holder were found some notes which may be of interest to the Holders of Lynn, Bolton and Berlin as being the only description obtainable of a home of one of the original Nantucket Holders (Richard), and an account of old times at Uxbridge, the home of the mother of Francis T. Holder and Joseph B. Holder. ''Richard Holder, my grandfather, born in 1757, I remember very distinctly as a man of rather below average height. The dear old grandmother is especially remem- bered for her beauty, care and thoughtful- ness to me as a small boy. At this time, 242 The Holders of Holdcniess about the year 1827, our grandparents were living in the old Holder homestead, which stood on the corner of Sagamore and Nahant Streets, and which was moved to Union Street, opposite the burying ground, in 1850, to make room for the Gothic house which I built on the prop- erty. With the grandparents lived Aunt Hannah, grandfather's sister. All was in the primitive condition that prevailed up to the time of railroads and other radical inventions. The Holder homestead was a typical colonial high and low-roofed build- ing standing on the highest portion of the large estate, which extended at that time, as near as I can remember, from Baltimore Street to the ocean, and east or south to the bay, while opposite, including what is now the Ocean Street property, was the large and extensive estate of my grand- father. Breed. The view from the house commanded Massachusetts Bay, Nahant and Egg Rock, the land being much higher Colonial desk of Richard Holder. Owned by C. F. Holder, Pasadena, Cal. The Holders of H older ness 243 than at present. Near the house was an old-fashioned wind mill, and leading up to the residence was a green slope, the gate being what is now the entrance to Saga- more Street, which I named, as well as Sachem Street. Nahant Street was now known as Pudding Hill, and an ancient stone wall ran from Baltimore Street to the ocean. (This stood in my day. C. F. H.) As I remember the old house, its characteristics were similar to many in the eighteenth century. Large chimney in the center, with an ample fire place and a very wide panel for the back of the fire place. The latter was faced with ancient Chinese tiling, the delicate blue making a beautiful effect (one of these is in posses- sion of the author). The ceiling with boxed beams, the center beam running through the middle of the ceiUng being wide and handsomely boxed. The buffet was a striking feature, and when I built, it was taken out and placed in the house 244 The Holders of Holderness which now stands on the corner of Saga- more and Nahant Streets. It was better than the average. It occupied the outer corner of the drawing room. The wood- work was finished in mouldings, the open part having a round finishing at top, and the closet at the bottom, with panel doors. On the inside at top, the roof was lathed and plastered, nearly to form a concave or spoon-shaped structure. Neatly cut or scalloped shelves were placed at intervals. The contents of this bufifet at this time would delight the eye now; a rich silver tankard of ancient pattern, solid and valu- able, quaint silver spoons and other objects, great rows of old blue china and delf, with many other pieces brought from abroad and heirlooms in the family. "The old house was furnished hand- somely, indeed richly, the sofa and chairs being solid mahogany with gray Friendly tint coverings with a brave array of brass- headed tacks. It would have been rich Desk of Daniel Holder, of Nantucket (1720). Owned by Charles F. Holder, Pasadena, Cal. The Holders of Holderness 245 even to-day with its quaint pieces and ornaments of brass; yet over all was the air of dignity and plainness which character- izes the homes of Friends everywhere. In the corner was a high clock, and in another an ancient desk, which belonged to Grand- father Daniel Holder, of Nantucket, hav- ing been made some time in 1700. (This desk, here shown, is now in the possession of the author.) Another piece of ancient furniture was a black spindle-leg table which belonged to Grandfather Breed. The house, as near as can be deter- mined, was built by Richard about the time of the Declaration of Independence, though others believe that it was built by Grandfather Breed in 1690. (It remained in the family until about 1852, and was de- stroyed in the great fire of Lynn in the eighties.) My cousin, Rachael Nichols, describes Grandfather Richard as a 'small, straight, pleasant-looking man.' In a letter received from Nathan D. Chase, of Lynn, 246 The Holders of Holderness he speaks as follows of Richard Holder: *He was fond of horses and kept quite an establishment for the day, driving a two- wheeled chaise, the body of which was painted pink, yellow and brown, according to the fashion of the time. He was a very quick, active man, in which your own father, Aaron, was very much like him. He was a prominent Quaker, sat upon the high seat and dressed in the height of the Friendly garb — coat, hat, breeches and silver shoe buckles. He was one of the old honest stock, whose word was as good as his bond/ "In records of Lynn Friends meeting, 1803 — I mo. — I find: 'The subject relating to Friends in Boston being again before this meeting, and as it appears by informa- tion given this meeting that Friends there are in the practice of holding, and have set up and do hold, a meeting, we do there- fore appoint Richard Holder to labor with these Friends who do thus, contrary to the Rachael Bassett Nichols. The Holders of Holderness 247 advice of the monthly meeting, set up and hold said meeting, etc' "In the old house the typical Friends' hospitaUty was shown, and it was rarely that several visitors were not there, while twenty or thirty at dinner on monthly or quarterly meeting days was a common oc- currence. Here the cousins from Bolton gathered — Thomas Holder and his wife and their children; David, father of Francis, and the Bassetts, from Uxbridge, while visits were constantly exchanged, family parties riding in chaises and coaches over the beautiful roads between the not distant homes. "My father, Aaron, was named after Dr. Lummus, who was one of the early physi- cians of Lynn and an intimate friend of the family. In about 1826 he purchased the land on the corner of Nahant and Wash- ington Streets and built the large dwelling which still stands. My father was one of the most decided characters, a Friend by 17 248 The Holders of Holderness birthright, he continued faithful to the es- sential requirements of the church. Though strictly economical and cautious in busi- ness affairs, being a wholesale and retail druggist, he was endowed with the noblest impulses as to charity and benevolence. The appeals of the needy and suffering were always responded to, and a large share of his ample income went to meet constant demands upon his kindly nature. It can be said of him that he had the abso- lute confidence of a large community, and was the adviser of hundreds. Not till his gentle nature, his open, cheery face, had passed away did the large circle reaUze that they had indeed sustained a loss." CHAPTER XXL PICTURE OF A QUAKER HOME IN THE COUNTRY. The Bassetts of Uxbridge, Grandparents of Francis T. and Joseph Bassett Holder.— Their Home. "My earliest remembrance of Grand- father Bassett," continues Dr. Holder, "dates to a time when he was about seventy or eighty years old. I retain the image of him as a slender man of goodly height, but bent by age and lameness. His suit of continental clothing was yet common to old men of the time. A three- cornered hat, long drab vest, and short clothes, silver buckles, etc. Grandmother was not remembered so plainly, but they were both regarded as persons of superior mental endowments, and were most highly 250 The Holders of Holderness esteemed as members of the Society of Friends. ''A very important member of the Bas- sett family was Aunt Anne Bassett, my mother's sister and aunt of Francis Holder. During the period of my occasional visits at the Uxbridge home, Aunt Anne was a distinguished member of the Anti-Slavery Society of Massachusetts. Her well-known proclivities naturally prompted her to give her sympathies to any in distress. The enormities of slavery came to be widely known by aid of printed tracts, &c. In the distribution of these Aunt Anne gave very much of her time. Effingham Capron, one of the well-to-do citizens of Uxbridge, was also identified with this cause, and Aunt Anne expended much of her charity and anti-slavery indignation through him. This was about the year 1837-40. ''William Lloyd Garrison, champion of the AboHtion cause, held Aunt Anne in great esteem, and visited her at the home- The Holders of Holdcrness 251 stead. She was a woman of marked char- acteristics. Gentle, very dignified in her manner, and above the average in mental endowments. "Not having the privilege of seeing her in later years, we retain our childhood's impressions. She was the beloved and central image in our dreams of coming joy as each season came around. Dear Old Aunt Anne! Memories of the spinning wheel, its mysterious buzz and whirl, and a thousand sights and sounds characteristic of the countryside. Odors of quinces ripening on the attic floor, huckleberries spread out to sun and dry, of chestnuts, 'wa'nuts,' oilnuts, beechnuts lying on the floor. How cheerfully the dear old woman went about distributing those bits of lux- uries. 'The old home at this time was a central point in several senses. Our grandparents, Joseph and Rachael Bassett, were prom- inent members of the Society of Friends of 252 The Holders of H older ness Uxbridge Monthly Meeting, worshipping in the ^Old Brick/ which was situated in the south part of the town. Their house was a special resort for Friends on all oc- casions of travel or ceremony. A goodly number of Friends resided in Northbridge. The old carriage house and cider mill at- tached was then an interesting structure, affording a place to the family vehicles. Something between a hackney coach and a mail wagon was the form of the family carriage. Well built and generous in di- mensions, wondrous most in heavy leathern thoroughbraces and backbends, its carry- ing capacity being for six persons. The jaunty coach-like aspect was complete in its canary yellow painted exterior, when equipped for a journey, with its out-riding racks for baggage. The emergencies of winter were provided for in the great double sleigh, a large affair on two sets of runners; altogether a winter counterpart of the wheel vehicle, not omitting the The Holders of Holderness 253 canary yellow. In very inclement weather the carriage top was movmted on the sleigh runners, and thus a comfortable covered vehicle was had. My memory vividly in- cludes riding to meeting in this carriage. **Uncle Ephraim was a man of iron will and Puritanical dogmatism. Ambitious to extract all that was possible from the hard, relentless, almost impracticable soil, his 'mowing lands' for years had been 'picked over' to cull away the stones, the great numbers of which seriously inter- fered with cutting the grass. My memory is most keen in this particular, for Uncle regarded it incumbent on us boys to do our proper share in removing the obstruc- tions. A favorite problem of Uncle's was to irrigate the meadows and intervale, and by vigorous labor he had constructed a series of trenches and locks whereby the waters of the neighboring brooks would be distributed for the benefit of his grass crop. That brook in the meadow was a de- 254 The Holders of Holderness light to our young days; the dark-brown waters rippling over in minute cascades, and then still in pools beneath the alders, where the trout delight to gather. Of the upland mowing land, the Dolph lot is held in memory as one of the small enclosures walled and entered by the usual bars. The great portion of the farm was loaded with boulders, from small to those of many feet in diameter. Rocky and unpromising as were these lands, Uncle contrived to cut large crops of hay, and more than one yearly crop; and this by persistent irriga- tion through his system of water trenches. The watered lots in the meadow and inter- vale were notable to the region about. The all-valued brook of brown waters could not be tampered with without disturbing the neighbors on either side. In one case the shutting off flowed the lands above, and on the other it stopped the supply to the mill below. The old mill! This is one of the pleasant memories. During the present The Holders of Holderness 255 summer, 1883, I visited it. I had not seen it for twenty-five years or more. There was the same tranquil pond, shrunken through want of water, the same dark, smooth top boulders cropping forth, giv- ing resting place to the speckled tortoises. Old 'Josh Aldrich,' the ancient spirit of the place, was gone; the wheel and flume were dropping to decay; but the same winding road, under the chestnuts, where we trapped the red squirrel and the chip- munk, was there; the same old gateway hedged in the alders, and the same notes piped through the overhanging foliage, where the cat bird furtively lingered. In the meadow where the flowing waste of mill water gathered again into the stream- let, was seen the rich crimson of a few cardinals that still grew, gorgeous in the strong contrast with the green flags. Here the bobolink perched on the tall sprig of meadow and warbled forth his character- istic notes. All the sights and sounds 256 The Holders of H older ness peculiar to midsummer were here, and had not lost a tithe of their wonted joyfulness. ''Near the old mill and at the juncture of the Cato Willard road and the town road a 'heater piece' occurs, a triangular piece of land that has long served as burying ground for the neighborhood. In the later days of Uncle Ephraim the remains of our immediate family were removed and in- terred in an inclosure of strong granite and iron on the pasture land of the farm. "On the northerly portion of the farm is 'Linset' Woodland, a delightful oak and hickory forest, lying on a side hill, near what was usually the rye and barley lots. Linset is a name to us unaccounted for; ranging from a hillside to low, wet land, it afforded every phase of soil, and was a most marvelous locality for flowering plants. Linset became to me a little Para- dise, yielding as it did so great a variety of the natural objects in botany and zoology. A variety of trees of great interest was The Holders of Holderness 257 there. It sheltered, also, many a bird and beast and reptile. Here we found a box tortoise, on the shell of which was cut the letters and figures E. B. . The date was one that indicated the turtle to have lived thirty years since the carving on the shell. My Uncle Ephraim remembered cutting the same thirty years before; and he as- serted that the creature was as large at that time. 'To him who in the love of Nature Holds communion with her visible forms, She speaks a various language.' "And truly this place, this Linset Woods, seemed one of Nature's especial temples. To sit in the upland shade, by the worn pathway, near the mossy wall, where the squirrels are capering toward the rye field, among the brakes and hemlocks; on the soft turf where the delicate vines of check- erberry and michellas entwine, or under the broad, spreading pine, whose fragrant needles make soft, inviting carpets; this is 258 The Holders of H older ness joyous. And the various aspects of mid- summer noon and the long twilight are well remembered; the former time of day when the mysterious locust, zee-zeeing — 'stabbing the noon silence with its shrill alarm,' and in the latter when the lonely whip-poor-will sighs and clucks his peculiar notes. "In the early days of our grandparents there came to the neighborhood two slaves, named Cato and Lydia Willard. In my day they were old people, and were some of the then lately liberated slaves of New England. They raised a large family of children and were much respected for many virtues. "The house and surroundings of the old home remain much as they were formerly; plain in the extreme, yet how beloved by association! The yearly journey in early summer usually was by carriage over the road. At early morn we started from Lynn, making a long day on the road, The Holders of Holderness 259 usually stopping at noon at Lexington or Natick. Then at sunset, or a little later, the familiar hillsides of the old home would appear, and we would leave the country road to enter the familiar one around the meadow pond, and thence by Cato Will- ard's, and home." CHAPTER XXIL ROYALIST HOLDERS. Go to Canada with the Army after the Revolution. — Settle in New Brunswick. — Famous Family of Ship Captains. A PECULIAR and interesting fact which will strike the reader of these pages is that the Holders were comparatively few in number in the United States, the name not being a common one. Holdens are com- paratively frequent, and found in almost every directory, but the two families are entirely distinct — a singular fact in itself, as the names might easily have been con- fused in early days. In 1757, or previous, a branch of the Holders, probably from England, settled on Long Island, at North- port, this on the authority of H. A. Holder; while another member of the family, Ed- 262 The Holders of Holderness win J. Holder, of Amesbury, believes they came from Pennsylvania. There were two brothers — Jacob and John, and it is sup- posed there was another brother, George. When the war of the Revolution broke out, these Holders, being RoyaHsts, entered the British Army, and when defeat came they were taken by the British commanders to St. Johns, New Brunswick, then known as Parrtown, Nova Scotia. Arriving in 1783 as members of the company known as United Empire Loyalists, Jacob Holder was allotted land in the settlement of Parr- town, and exchanged for another piece six- teen miles up the St. Johns River, at Long Reach, where his descendants still live, a large and highly respected family, famous for its sea captains. Three miles below is the town of Holderville, where there are others of the family. Some members of this branch have moved to the United States. Samuel Holder married Lucretia Belyea, and his descendants are claimants The Holders of Holderness 263 to the Aneke Jans estate, of fame and history. Many of these Holders were on the Canadian side in the war of 1812, serving in the One Hundred and Fourth Regi- ment. The grandfather of one of the Canadian Holders was a soldier in this regiment, which made a famous march in the winter of 1812-13. Walter Holder, grandson of Jacob, was a soldier on the Union side in the Civil War, and is to-day a pensioner for his gallant services. He took part in thirteen battles and was three times wounded. The genealogy of this branch of the family, so far as obtainable, for which the author is indebted to Mr. H. A. Holder, the well-known electrical supply merchant of Boston Highlands, will be found in the Appendix. Holders settled, years ago, in Australia. The Hon. F. W. Holder is speaker of the Federal House of Representatives of Aus- tralia. 18 264 The Holders of Holderness At various times within the past one hundred years other Holders have come to America whose genealogy, so far as the requests have been responded to, will be found in the Appendix. The largest family is found in Brooklyn, and is directly from the original Holderness branch. The head of this branch in America was Charles Bar- rett Holder, born in Hull, England, who came to Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1833, and was prominently identified with the growth and development of that city. They are descended from William Holder, of Barm- ston, Holderness, 1736. Another branch is descended from Charles Holder, a wealthy merchant of London, who settled in New York in 1841. The crest of this branch was a dove holding an olive branch, and the family is found in Washington, D. C; Jefferson and Atlanta, Ga. Another branch of the family is that of the Maid- stone, Kent, England, Holders. The head of this family to-day is Dr. Charles Adams The Holders of Holderness 265 Holder, of Colorado Springs, Col., whose father, Charles Hawkes Holder, of Maid- stone, came to America in 1858 and settled in New York, where daughters still reside. Another branch, in the person of William Morris Holder, came from March, Cam- bridgeshire, England, and settled in Provi- dence, R. I., in 1861. There are also Holders Hving in Montreal and New York of German descent. Many of the latter are named Holdermann, Holderle, etc., but in coming to America assumed the name of Holder by dropping the ending, hence are not Holders. Among the records of the Friends in London are found the names of Ann Holder, 1659; Anthony, 1662; Nathaniel, 1668; Christopher, first and second; Martha, 1658; Joane, 1653; Sarah, 1660; Hester, 1681; John, 1684; all living in towns in Gloucester or Somerset Coun- ties of England. There are Holders in many parts of England. Sir John Charles Holder lives at Pitmaston, Moseley, Wor- 266 The Holders of Holderness cestershire. The arms of Holders of Cam- bridge are: Azure, a pass dancette between three griffins passant, wings endorsed, or' brest crest, on a ducal coronet, gule, a lion segant, or'. This is the arms of Dr. Charles Adams Holder, of Colorado Springs. An- other Holder arms given in the Encyclo- pedia of Heraldry is: Holder azure three griffins segant, or', crest out of a five-leaved ducal coronet gule, a Hon segant, or'. Though given twice, this is evidently the same. The Holderness branch bore the arms given in proper colors on a previous page, and are given on the authority of Mr. R. Y. Stephenson, the well-known antiquarian, and Dr. J. B. Holder, who many years ago had the search made in London and the drawings of the arms made. Especial interest lies in the Holders of Barbadoes. The family of Charles Barrett Holder owned a line of ships early in the century, which sailed from London to Bar- The Holders of Holderncss 267 badoes. John Holder, the Quaker, was a ship owner, whose vessels plied between Boston and Barbadoes and London, and a number of Holders went to the island and settled there in early days. WilUam Hold- er's name as shipmaster the author found in 1685 in the Barbadoes records; and it is evident that several distinct Holders set- tled there years ago. From the records of the parish of St. James, December 20, 1679, it was learned that Meltiah Holder owned 100 acres and 32 slaves. John Holder owned an estate of 98 acres. In the parish of Christ Church, 1680, Nich- olas Holder had an estate of 33 acres and 18 negro slaves. In the parish of St. Andrews, John Holder had an estate of 59 acres and 300 slaves. In 1783 to 98 the Rev. Henry Evans Holder, of Barbadoes, was a prominent Uterary man. He pub- lished, among other things, a number of discourses, a novel, poems and several theological works. It is a singular fact 268 The Holders of Holderness that there are no white people by the name of Holder living in Barbadoes to-day, ac- cording to the American vice-consul. Negro slaves took the names of their masters, which explains the name among these people. APPENDIX HOLDER GENEALOGY I HOLDER OF HOLDERNESS Saxon Chief who captured Holderness, England 500 A.D. II HOLDER Thane during reign of Alfred the Great 870 A.D. Ill Rev. GEORGE HOLDER Rector of All Saints, Roos, Holderness 1588 IV Rev. WILLIAM HOLDER, D.D. Born Holderness 1616; married 1643 Susannah Wren (died 1688) daughter of Dr. Christopher Wren, Dean of Windsor; sister of Sir Christopher Wren, Bart. 2^2. Appendix Guide to genealogy. To facilitate the finding of relation- ships the names are: First, numbered from one upward; the second, or middle figure, is the generation from Chris- topher I; the third figure indicates the number of childrerf in the family. 1. Christopher Holder, of Winterburne, Glouces- tershire, Eng., minister, author and missionary, b. 1631; was married twice, first to Mary Scott, a Friend, of Providence, R. I., in Olveston, near Bris- tol, Eng., June 12, 1660; d. April 13, 1688, at Ircott, Parish of Almondsbury, and was buried at Hazell in the monthly meeting of Frenchay. Mary Scott came of a distinguished family. On her mother's side she was a descendant of Sir Erasmus Dryden, Bart, grandfather of the poet Dryden, who was poet lau- reate in 1670-88. Her grandfather was of the EngT lish branch from which were descended Sir Georgq Scott, the famous architect of the Gothic restoratioi\ of England; Robert Scott, the English lexico-. grapher; John Scott, first Earl of Eldon, and Sir. Walter Scott, the novelist and poet. Issue. 2 (2) I. Mary, b. Sept. 16, 1661 ; d. Sept. 20, I737.<. 3 (2) II. Elizabeth, b. Jan. 4, 1665; d. (unmar-* ried). - 2. Mary married Peleg Slocum, of Dartmouth, Mass., 1680; d. at home of her son-in-law, Peter Eason, Newport, R. I.. July 20, 1737. Issue. 1. Mary, b. Oct. 17, 1681. 2. Deliverance, b. Feb. 10, 1685. 3. Content, b. Jan. 3, 1687. Appendix 273 4. Elizabeth, b. Feb. 12, 1690. 5. Peleg, b. Mar. 24, 1692. 6. Giles, b. Feb. 21, 1695. 7. Holder, b. June 14, 1697. 8. Giles, b. 1699; d. . 9. Sylvester, b. Nov. i, 1704. Mrs. Russell Sage, of New York, represents Chris- topher Holder in that city, and the author is indebted to her for the following, showing her descent in the Slocum line: Peleg Slocum married Mary Holder 1680. Joseph Slocum married Susannah Wanton 1721. John Slocum married Hannah Brown 1754. William Brown Slocum married Olivia Josselyn 1793- Joseph Slocum married Margaret (Pierson) Jer- main 1825. Joseph Jermain Slocum married Sallie L'Homme- dieu 1854. Margaret Olivia Slocum married Russell Sage 1869. Herbert Jermain Slocum (son) married Florence Brandette 1886. Stephen L'Hommedieu Slocum (son) married Luna Garrison 1896. Herbert Jermain Slocum, Jr. (grandson), b. 1888. Myles Standish Slocum (grandson), b. 1890. The Slocum branch of the family can be followed in the genealogy of the Slocums by Charles Eli M. Slocum, Syracuse, N. Y. 274 Appendix Mary Scott, first wife of Christopher Holder, died Oct. 17, 1665. In the following year he married Hope Clifton, a minister of the Society of Friends, daughter of Thomas and Mary Clifton (Friends), of Newport, R. I. Related to Sir John Constable, Knight, of the Manor of Burton-Constable (1346), through Ele- anor Clifton, who, in 1560, married Ralph Con- stable, second son of Sir John Constable. Issue. 4 (2) I. *Christopher, b. Dec, 22, 1666; d. 1720 (?); was large property owner in Newport, 1690. 11. Hope, b. May 25, 1668. Patience, b. Feb. 12, 1669. IV. Patience, b. Aug. 16, 1671. John, b. Aug. 20, 1672; d. Aug. 25, 1672 (Friends' Records, New- port). Content, b. May 22, 1674 ; d. Aug. 24, 1676. Anne, b. Feb. 29, 1676; d. Mar. 21, 1676. Issue. *Christopher Holder's brother Anthony, of Ircott, is quoted in Smith's catalogue of Friends' books as author of "A Dis- covery of Two Unclean Spirits, etc.," 1657. I learn from the central offices of the Society of Friends in London that his wife's name was Eleanor. The names of their children are as follows: Martha, b. 4, 16, 1658, Frenchay. Joane, b. 12, 9, 1653, Alveston. Sarah, b. 4, 19, 1680, Ircott. Anthony died 12, 20, 1662, and was buried at Bristol, Eng.— C. F. H. 6 (2) 6 (2) 7 (2) 8 (2) II. III. IV. V. 9 (2) VI. 10 (2) VII. 4 .^''^..<. 1 .ps L :;^-.-^v */'^^, -A.^. /J j:../^? ;C-^^ i J^ Facsimile of page of Daniel Holder's Bible, Nantucket (1751); list of his children in his own handwriting. Appendix 275 4. Christopher Holder, Jr., the only surviving son, married in Hallatrow, Somersetshire, Feb. 15, 1691, Elizabeth Daniell, of Winterburne, Gloucestershire, monthly meeting of Frenchay. Issue. 11 (3) I. Infant, d. Dec. 5, 1693, at Frenchay; buried at Mangotsfield. 12 (3) II. John, b. 1694 (?); married — 1720 (?); master of ships between Boston, Barbadoes and England. Issue. 13 (4) I. Daniel Holder, b. 1721 (?); mar- ried Hannah (?) in 1748 (?) Shipbuilder of Nantucket, Mass. (see contract). Probably named Daniell after his grandmother. He signed the name Daniel. (From pages 70, 73, 75, 87, Nan- tucket book of births, marriages and deaths.) Issue. 14 (S) I- Hannah, b. Nantucket, Mar. 27, 1751; d. . 15 (S) II. Theodate, b. Nantucket, Jan. 20. 1753; d. Dec. 16, 1753. 16 (5) III. Thomas, b. Nantucket. Sept. 28, 1754; d. Jan. ID, 1830, Berlin, Mass. 276 Appendix 17 (5) IV. Richard, b. Lynn, Jan. 8, I757; d. Jan. 25, 183s, Lynn, Mass. (See marriage certificate.) 18 (5) V. Theodate (2d), b. Nantucket, Jan. I, 1759; d. . 19 (S) VL Sarah, b. Aug. 21, 1760; d. . 20 (S) VIL Daniel, b. April 14, 1761, Marble- head. 21 (5) Vin. Abagail, b. July 18, 1762. 22 (5) IX. Abagail, b. Dec. i, 1770. 14 (5) I. Hannah; married James Rich. 15 (5) II. Theodate; not known. DESCENDANTS OF THOMAS HOLDER, NANTUCKET, MASS. (1754-1830). Thomas Holder, b. Nantucket; married Sarah Gas- kill, of Mendon, Quaker minister, now Blackstone, who died Nov. 6, 1836. About 1778 they moved to Berlin, Mass., and built the Holder homestead. Issue. 23 (6) I. Phebe, b. April, 1780; d. Nov., 1832. 24 (6) n. Hannah, b. June 16. 1782 ; d. Berlin, Mass.. April 20, 1848. 25 (6) in. Joseph, b. Mendon, May 13, 1785; d. Bolton, July 3, 1867. 26 (6) IV. Daniel, b. June 19, 1787; d. Berlin, Mass., Sept., 1787. Appendix 277 27 (6) V. David, b. Sept. 12, 1788; d. Mar. 26, Bolton, 1864 28 (6) VI. Daniel Holder (2d), b. May 19, 1791; d. May 18, 1863, Berlin, Mass. 29 (6) VII. Thomas (Jr.), b. June 6, 1794; d. Oct. 20, 1856, Clinton, Mass. 30 (6) VIII. John, b. July 22, 1799; d. Feb. 6, 1864, Berlin, Mass. Issue. 23. Phebe Holder; married Silas Cooledge, of Bolton. Issue. 31 (7) I. Silas, b. ; married Judith Breed; d. . 32 (7) H. Theodate. 33 (7) HI. Sarah; married Daniel Osgood. 34 (7) IV. William Ledra ; d. young. 35 (7) V. Loring; d. young. 36 (7) VI. Nathan; married Helen . 37 (7) VII. Hannah; married Mark Andrews. 38 (7) VIII. Lucy; married John Andrews. 39 (7) IX. Rufus; married Laura Hapgood. 40 (7) X. Martha; married Harry Carter. 41 (7) XI. Lyman; married Lucy Brigham. 42 (7) XII. Mary; married Lorenzo Bruce. 43 (7) XIII. Lydia; married William Chase. 25. Joseph Holder married three times. His first wife was Mary Greene; b. Sept. 12, 1788; d. Dec. 2, 1829; married Oct 5, 1808. Issue. 27^ 44 (7) 45 (7) 46 (7) 47 (7) 48 (7) 49 (7) Appendix I. David Greene, b. Dec. i8, 1809; d. April 2, 1886. II. Lucy Greene, b. Dec. 24, 181 1; d. April 22, 1869. III. Edward Southwick, b. Nov. 5, 1813; d. Sept. 29, 1842. IV. Sarah, b. Dec. 8, 1820; d. April 6, 1879. V. Lydia Brigham, b. July 20, 1825. VI. Hannah Greene, b. Sept. 11, 1827; d. Sept. 6, 1838. 44. David Greene Holder married Ruth Babcock. Issue. 50 (8) I. Nathan Babcock, b. Bolton, Oct. 24, 1833, Helena, Mont. 51 (8) II. Josiah B., b. May 28, 1835. 52 (8) III. Charles Anthony, b. Dec. 26, 1836 (unmarried). Orange City, Idaho. 50 I- Nathan Babcock Holder, Helena, Mont., married Maggie Lucas, Osborn, Ohio, May 26, 1859. She died Nov. 28, 1895. Issue. 50a (9) L James Lucas, b. Ravena, Ohio, Apr. 16, i860. 50b(9) IL Roscoe Wheeler, b. Ada, Ohio, Nov. 20, 1866. Appendix 279 50c (9) ni. Lee Everett, b. May 20, 1871, Spring- field, Ohio; d. Jan. 30, 1872. Issue. 50b. Roscoe Wheeler Holder married, 1896, at Helena, Sarah Medora Haines, of Charleston, Va.; b. Nov. IS, 1858. 51. Josiah B. Holder, Lewiston, Me., married Sarah Ann Shattuck Sept. 13, 1862. She died Jan. 22, 1876. Issue. 53 (9) I. Walter Edgar, b. Sept. 18, 1867; d. Feb. 20, 1869. 54 (9) II. Irving Clifton, b. Sept. 13, 1869. 65 (9) III. Maurice Edmond. Issue. 54. Irving Clifton Holder, Medfield, Mass., mar- ried Mary Annette Vining, daughter of John Quincy Vining, of Rockland. Issue. 66 (10) I. Effie Louise, b. Feb. 12, 1892. 57 (10) II. Sadie Annette, b. May 26, 1893. 68 (10) III. Ralph Clifton, b. Feb. 22, 1895. 55. Maurice Edmond Holder, South Braintree, Mass., married Mary Ann Battey. Issue. 69 (10) I. Walter Stanley. 51. Josiah B. Holder (1835) married a second time, Mary Carr Washburn. 45. Lucy Greene Holder married Albert Swift Payson, of Foxboro, Mass. ; d. Feb. 2Z, 1873. Issue. 19 28o 60 (8) 61 (8) 62 (8) 63 (8) Appendix I. Hannah Holder, b. Nov. 9, 1839; d Sept. I, 1842. n. Joseph Holder, b. Nov. 23, 1842; married Melissa V. Bolton May 9, 1869. III. Edward Southwick, b. Sept. 2, 1845; married Julia Augusta Robinson July 2, 1868. IV. James Albert, b. June 11, 1848: mar- ried Ida E. Clark Aug. 10, 1869. 46. Edward Southwick Holder married Ruth Buf- fington, of Fall River. Issue. 64 (8) I. Thomas Frye, b. Jan. 9, 1839; d. . 65 (8) II. Henry Buffum, b. July 12, 1840; d. . 66 (8) III. Daniel Buffington, b. Dec, 1841; 47. Sarah Holder married. May 29, 1839, Samuel H. Wheeler; d. Oct. 21, 1894; Berlin, Mass. Issue. 67 (8) I. Lucy Holder, b. Feb. 13, 1840; mar- ried Amasa A. Whitcomb. 68 (8) II. Martha, b. June 20, 1842; d. Jan. 31, 1893 ; married Onslow E. Chase. 69 (8) III. Levi, b. May 5, 1845; d. Dec. 22, 1852. 70 (8) IV. Mary Greene, b. May 25, 1847; mar- ried Lewis J. Hapgood. Appendix 281 71 (8) V. Samuel, b. Nov. 3, 1851 ; married Emily Bruce. 72 (8) VI. Levi, b. Sept. 5, 1854; d. Nov. 29, 1864. 73 (8) VII. Henry Arthur, b. Mar. 31, 1857; married Nellie F. Reed. 74 (8) VIII. Joseph Albert, b. April 19, 1859; d. Jan. 3, 1865. 48. Lydia Brigham Holder, of Bolton, Mass., mar- ried Greeley Dow, of Weare, N. H., now of Bolton. Issue. 75 (8) I. Sarah Holder, b. Apr. 16, 1848; d. . 76 (8) II. James Greeley, b. Aug. 4, 1849; Bol- ton. 77 (8) III. Alfred, b. April 21, 1851. 78 (8) IV. George Edward, b. Dec. 10, 1854. 79 (8) V. William Henry, b. Aug. 20, 1857. 25. Joseph Holder married a second time, June 2, 1831, Rachael Fry, b. May 25, 1798; d. Dec. 17, 1846. Issue. 80 (7) I. Mary Green, b. Sept, 7, 1832. 81 (7) 11. Anna Fry, b. May 7, 1835; d. Sept. 21, 1896. 82 (7) ni. Rachael Steere, b. May 25, 1842, Issue. 282 Appendix 80. Mary Green Holder married Aaron Harley, of Yolo, Cal., Apr. 5, i860. He was born July 15, 1825; d. June II, 1885. Issue. 83 (8) I. Arthur G., b. Feb. 4, 1861 ; married Minnie L. Nason Sept. 12, 1891. 84 (8) n. Sherman E., b. Nov. 2Z, 1862; mar- ried Mabel Wills, Mar. 10, 1897. 85 (8) in. Herbert F., b. Nov. 5, 1867. 86 (8) IV. Anna B., b. July 19, 1872; married Henry K. White, July 25, 1900. 81. Anna F. Holder married James R Bean, of Yolo, Cal., Mar. 26, 1856. Issue. 87 (8) I. Edward H., b. Dec. 30, 1856. 88 (8) II. Mary Anna, b. June 9, 1858. 89 (8) III. Elma L., b. Mar. 7, i860. 87. Edward Holder Bean married Minnie San- born, Dec. 19, 1885. Issue. 90 (9) I. Ena Ruth, b. April 26, 1889. 91 (9) II. Alice Edna, b. Dec. 7, 1893. 88. Mary Anna Holder married Marcus T. Sickal, Concord, Cal., July, 1876. Issue. 92 (9) I. Margherita, b. Dec. 22, 1879. 93 (9) n. Harold M., b. July 27, 1881. 82. Rachael Steere Holder married Charles Allen Fry, 1859. He died April 17, 1862, in the Civil War, Co. I, 22d Reg., M. V. M. Issue. Appendix 283 94 (8) I. Cora Belle, b. Apr. 26, i860; d. May 31, 1872. 82. Rachael S. married the second time Willard G. Bruce, Sept, 23, 1867, who served in Civil War, Co. I, 5th Regt., M. V. M. 25. Joseph Holder married a third time, De- borah Dillingham, Oct., 1850, at South Yarmouth, Mass. She died in 1851. 26. Daniel Holder (1787) died in infancy. DESCENDANTS OF DAVID HOLDER (1788-1864). 27. David Holder married Ruth Bassett, of Ux- bridge, Mass. Issue. 95 (7) I. Rachael B., b. Bolton, June 30, 1813; d. Vasselboro, Me., Jan. 11, 1901. 96 (7) n. William Penn, b. Aug. 26, 1816; d. Dec. 9, 1899, Lancaster, Mass. 97 (7) III. Anna Maria, b. Dec. 4, 1830; d. May 26, 1832. 98 (7) IV. Caroline Elizabeth, b. Jan. 19, 1829; d. Dec. 25, 1829. 99 (7) V. Francis T., b. Aug. 18, 1833. Ex- President Alexander Smith & Sons' Carpet Co., Yonkers, N. Y. Issue. 284 Appendix 95- Rachael B. Holder married Thomas B. Nich- ols, of Vasselboro, Me., b. Jan. 31, 1813; d. Dec. 30, 1878. Issue. 100 (8) I. David Holder Nichols, b. July 21, 1842; d. at Harvard College, Nov. 16, 1865. 101 (8) n. Ruthanna, b. Dec. 31, 1848; mar- ried J. F. Washburn, of Vassel- boro, Oct. 3, 1889. 96. William Penn Holder married Lois Wheeler. Issue. 102 (8) I. Isaac Bassett, b. July 19, 1843; d. Mar. 3. 1852. 103 (8) II. George William, b. June 21, 1846; d. Aug. 6, 185 1. 96. William Penn Holder's second wife (married Sept. 15, 1850) was Hannah Smith Southwick, b. April 30, 1829; d. Nov. 10, 1899. She was the daughter of Daniel and Hannah Southwick, lineal descendants of Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick, who were imprisoned for entertaining Christopher Holder, account of which is given in previous pages. See also Whittier's poem "Cassandra South- wick." Issue. 104 (8) I. Christopher Harris, b. Mar. i, 1856; d. Oct. 8, 1856. 105 (8) II. Frederick Christopher, of Omaha, Neb., b. Feb. 15, 1857. 106 (8) III. Lunette Ellsworth, b. July 28, 1861. Yonkers, N. Y. Issue. Appendix 285 105. Frederick Christopher Holder married Sept. 16, 1878, Emily E. Harriman, b. Nov. 30, 1856. Issue. 107 (9) I- David Irving, b. June 8, 1879; d. April 4, 1881. 108 (9) II. Hortense Nourse, b. Dec. i, 1880. 109 (9) HI. Fred Colby, b. Nov. 11, 1883. 110 (9) IV. William Pollard, b. Sept. 11, 1886. 108. Hortense Nourse Holder married William I. Graham, of St. Joseph, Mo. Issue. 111 (10) I. George Fred., b. Oct. 28, 1898. 112 (10) II. William Alexander, b. Dec. 17, 1899. 99. Francis T. Holder, of Yonkers, N. Y., and Pasadena, Cal., b. in Lancaster, now Clinton, Mass., Aug. 18, 1833; married Arabella P. Davis, b. Nov. 13, 1834; d. Feb. 25, 1898. Issue. 113 (8) I. Ava L. Holder, b. Dec. 30, 1853; married John Garrison Peene, of Yonkers. N. Y. Francis T. Holder married a second time, Eliza- beth W. Woodbury, of Bolton, Mass., b. Nov. i, 1837. DESCENDANTS OF DANIEL HOLDER, SECOND (1791), OF BERLIN, MASS. 28. Daniel Holder married, Sept. 15, 1819, Har- riet Hutchins, of Concord, N. H., b. May 13, 1793; d. Aug. 4, 1866. Issue. 114 (7) I. Maria, b. June 28, 1820; d. Sept. 18, 1863. 286 Appendix 115 (7) 11. Samuel H., b. Aug. 26, 1821; d. April 24, 1822. 116 (7) III. Samuel (2d), b. Mar. 2, 1823. 117 (7) IV. Phebe A. (poetess), b. Nov. 27, 1824; graduate of Westfield Nor- mal College. 118 (7) V. Jane, b. July 30, 1827. 119 (7) VI. Mary Hutchins, b. July 8, 1833; graduate of Westfield Normal College. 120 (7) VII. Levi H., b. Aug. 17, 1837. He was at Andersonville, 27th Mass. In- fantry; d. in service Oct. 20, 1866. Issue. 115. Samuel Holder married Louisa M. Rice, of Hudson, Mass. Issue. 121 (8) I. Charles Edward; killed in Civil War. 122 (8) II. Lambert Bigelow, b. Dec, 1852; d. 1856. 123 (8) III. Lyman Daniel, b. 1847 ; d. Oct., 1848. 124 (8) IV. Emily Lucinda; married Austin B. Howe. 118. Jane Holder married Charles Bigelow, of Hudson, Mass. Issue. 126 (8) I. Charles Herbert, b. Oct. 12, 1852. 126 (8) II. Edward Daniel, b. Oct. 8, 1856; d. Oct. 25, 1875. 127 (8) III. Alfred Putnam, b. Dec. 11, 1858. 128 (8) IV. Warren Holder, b. Aug. 9, 1866. Appendix 287 DESCENDANTS OF THOMAS HOLDER, SECOND. 29. Thomas Holder (2d), 1794, married Lucy Fos- gate, b. ; d. Apr. 14, 1851, in Clinton, Mass. He lived on the homestead for many years. Issue. 129 (7) I. Lydia, b. Aug. 3, 1834. 130 (7) n. Susan Maria, b. Dec. 20, 1837. 131 (7) HI. Sarah Gaskill, b. Feb. 5, 1840. Issue. 129. Lydia V. Holder married Andrew D. Hub- bard, of Worcester, Oct. 19, i860. Issue. 132 (8) I. Melvin Thomas, b. June 26, 1870. 130. Susan Maria Holder married, in 1859, Theo- dore Gardner Morse, b. Feb. 24, 1836, East Cleve- land. Issue. 133 (8) I. Charles Holder, b. July 14, 1868. Issue. 133. Charles H. Morse married . Issue. 134 (9) I. Earl William, b. May i, 1892. 131. Sarah Gaskill Holder married Edgar Cor- don Noxon; b. Feb. 28, 1835; d- Aug. 28, 1884. DESCENDANTS OF JOHN HOLDER, OF BERLIN, MASS., YOUNGER SON OF THOMAS, OF NANTUCKET ( 1 799- 1 864). 30. Major John Holder, of Bolton, married Sept. I, 1831, Caroline Althea Russell, b. Aug. 26, 1807; d. Feb. 14, 1881; daughter of Col. Ebenezer Russell, of Springfield, Mass. Issue. 288 Appendix 135 (7) I- Ebenezer Russell, b. April 14, 1832; d. April 28, 1832. 136 (7) n. Henry Thomas, b. April 14, 1832; d. April 16, 1832. 137 (7) ni. Henry Russell, b. June 9, 1835; d. Mar. 4, 1898. Issue. 137. Henry Russell married Dec. 8, 1858, Elmira Arnold Crosby, Marlboro, Mass., daughter of Ariel and Zermiah Hall Crosby, b. Nov. 10, 1838. Issue. 138 (8) I. John Henry, b. Feb. 29, i860. 139 (8) II. Leslie Elbridge, b. Mar. 24, 1862; d. April 16, 1862. 140 (8) III. Minnie Melissa, b. Feb. 13, 1863. 141 (8) IV. Wilfred Everett, b. Dec. i, 1864. 142 (8) V. Perley, b. Dec. 21, 1867; d. May 9, 1868. 143 (8) VI. Edith Irene, b. April 20, 1870. 144 (8) VII. Herman Sumner, b. Feb. 14, 1874- 145 (8) VIII. Elsie Elmira. b. Dec. 25, 1875. Issue. 138. John Henry Holder married Fanny Maria Workman, of Bolton, Mass., Sept 21, 1887. Issue. 146 (9) I- Marion Gertrude, b. Nov. 26, 1889. 147 (9) II- Perley, b. Nov. 24, 1892. 148 (9) III. Mildred, b. Nov. 26, 1894. 140. Minnie Melissa married John Dwight Will- iams of Deerfield, Mass. Issue. 149 (9) I. Mary Elmira, b. Oct. 23, 1886. 150 (9) II. Ruby Althea, b. Sept. 21, 1890. Appendix 289 151 (9) III. Leon Allen, b. Sept. 28, 1896. 143. Edith Irene Holder married Francis Levi Taylor. Issue. 152 (9) L Zillah Frances, b. Dec. 20, 1897. 145. Elsie Elmira married Ortwyn R. Seymour, of Sudbury, Mass. Issue. 153 (9> I. Bertha Elsie, b. Mar. 5, 1898. 154 (9) II. Roscoe Holder, b. May 26, 1900. DESCENDANTS OF RICHARD HOLDER, OF LYNN, MASS. (1757-1835). 17. Richard Holder (see marriage contract), of Lynn, married April 4, 1784, Mary, daughter of Isaiah and Mary Breed.* Issue. 155 (6) I. Miriam A. I., b. April 24, 1788; 156 (6) II. Ebenezer, b. Aug. 22, 1790; d. . 157 (6) III. Daniel, b. July 2, 1792; d. Feb. 8. 1840. 158 (6) IV. Hannah, b. Mar. 14, 1795. *The immediate family names on the Breed side are as follows : Jabez Breed, of Lynn, b. 1700; married Desire Breed, b. 1700. Issue. Isaiah, b. Oct. 25, 1724, married Hannah Estes Breed, b. Sept. 13, 1709. Issue, i. Desire, b. Feb. 16, 1748. 2. Louis, b. July 7i 1750. 3- Hannah, b. Jan. 24, 1750. 4. Eunice, b. Nov. 14, 1753- 5- Jabez, b. Jan. 24, 1755. 6. Mary (Holder), b. July 18, 1757. 7. Moses, b. Nov. 23, 1758. 8. Ebenezer, b. May 12, 1762. 290 Appendix 159 (6) V. Aaron Lummus, b. Feb. 4, 1797 (marriage certificate in posses- sion of author); d. June 23, 1857. 156. Ebenezer married Huldah Luscomb. Issue. 160 (7) I. Daniel. 161 (7) II. Edward. 162 (7) III. William; d. . 163 (7) IV. Ellen, b. ; married Tar- box: d. . 164 (7) V. Miriam, b. ; married Tar- box. 165 (7) VI. Anne. 166 (7) VII. Elizabeth, b. ; married Mark Caswell, Lynn, Son Warren Cas- well. DESCENDANTS OF DANIEL HOLDER, SECOND, OF NEW YORK AND BALTIMORE (179I). He married Sarah Fairbanks Houghton, in Lynn, 1818. She was born Oct. 29. 1800; d. Jan. 10, 1880. Issue. 167 (7) I- Charles Warren, b. Chicago, Sept. 29, 1819; d. April IS, 1900. 168 (7) n. Richard Houghton, b. Baltimore, April 15, 1822; d. Freeport, 111., July I, 1899. 167. Charles Warren Holder; married Jan. 29, 1841, Mary Jane Wilner, b. Nov. 15, 1819; d. Jan. 15, 1899. Issue. Appendix 291 169 (8) I. Althea, b. Jan., 1842; d. Jan., 1847. 170 (8) II. Daniel, b. Bloomington, 111., May 23, 1844. 171 (8) III. Mary, b. Jan., 1847; d. 1857. 172 (8) IV. William Isaac, b. Bloomington, 111., May 30, 1849. 173 (8) V. Richard, b. 1851; d. 1851. 174 (8) VI. James Warren, b. July 4, 1853. 175 (8) VII. Charles Vernon, b. Chicago, 111., Feb. 26, 1856. 176 (8) VIII. Emily, b. Chicago, 111., May 38, 1859. Issue. 170. Daniel Holder, Bloomington, 111.; married Kate Saltonstall, of Tremont. Issue. 177 (9) I. Samuel, b. Oct. 24, 1873- 178 (9) 11. Julia, b. Dec. 25, 1884. 172, William Isaac Holder, Morocco, Ind., mar- ried Nov. 3, 1869, Ida Webber Bowen, of same place, b. Nov. 17, 1848. Issue. 179 (9) I. Warren D., b. July 2, 1871; d. Mar. 12, 1890. 180 (9) II. Vernon M., b. Oct. 26, 1873. 181 (9) III- Jessie M., b. Mar. 3, 1876; married June 20, 1901, F. C. Stewart. 182 (9) Illa. Ella Moore, b. Aug. 15, 1878. 183 (9) IV. Harry, b. Sept. 30, 1880. 184 (9) V. Archie B., b. Oct. 10, 1883. 292 Appendix 185 (9) VI. William, b. Jan. 10, 1887; d. Jan. 19, 1887. 186 (9) VII. Charles W., b. May 26, 1889. 174. James Warren Holder, of Salisbury, Md., married Jessie Preston Codding, b. Sept. 5, 1859, of Lockport, 111. 175. Charles Vernon Holder married Gertrude Final Dodson, b. Bloomington, 111., April i, 1862. Issue. 187 (9) I. Edith Marion, b. June 18, 1888. 188 (9) n. Ruth Mildred, b. Sept. 9, 1890. 168. Richard H. Holder married Mary Jane Al- drich, of Uxbridge, Mass., Nov. 2, 1854. Issue. 189 (8) I. Sarah, b. Sept. 6, 1855; d. Sept. 6. 1855. 190 (8) II. Mary Eliza, b. July 29, 1857. 191 (8) III. Sarah Aldrich, b. June 25, i860; d. Sept. 24, 1899. 192 (8) IV. Amy Breed, b. June 4, 1863; d. Aug. 8, 1865. 193 (8) V. Annie Bell, b. Nov. 16, 1865; d. Oct. 20, 1867. 194 (8) VI. Richard Valentine, b. Oct. 19, 1868. Is Assistant General Agent Chi- cago & N. W. R. R., 210 Clark Street, Chicago, 111. 158. Hannah (1795); Married . Appendix 293 DESCENDANTS OF AARON LUMMUS HOLDER. 159. Aaron Lummus Holder, of Lynn, son of Richard and Mary Breed Holder, married Rachael Bassett,* of Uxbridge, daughter of Joseph Bassett, Friends (marriage certificate in possession of author), b. July 6, 1797; d. Mar. 24, 1864. Issue. 195 (7) I. Anne B., b. June 12, 1823 (?); d. Dec. 15, 1823. 196 (7) 11. Joseph Bassett, b. Lynn, Oct. 25, 1824; d. New York, Feb. 8, 1888. 197 (7) in. Mary, b. Lynn, July 2S, 1827; d. Bloomington, 111., Oct. 29, 1868. 198 (7) IV. Sarah, b. Lynn, July 19, 1829; d. Jan. 3, 1902. 199 (7) V, James Warren, b. Lynn, Oct. 19, 1835; d. Oct. 8, 1865. Issue. 196. Joseph Holder, M.D., U.S.A., married Emily Augusta Gove, of Lynn, b. Nov. 20, 1829. Issue. 200 (8) I. Charles Frederick Holder, b. Lynn, Aug. 5, 185 1 ; married Sarah Eli- zabeth Ufford, b. Brooklyn, N. Y., Aug. 30, 1852. Issue. * Rachael Bassett's grandparents were Joseph and Alice Bassett. Her father, Joseph Bassett, b. Mar. 26, 1752 ; d. July 26, 1836. On the maternal side her grandparents were Joseph and Elizabeth Aldrich, her mother Rachael Aldrich. Her brothers and sisters were : Ephriam, b. Sept. 7, 1799 ; Hannah Bassett, b. May 23, 1791 ; Amy Bassett, b. April 11, 1793; Ruth Bassett, b. May 9, 1795. 294 Appendix 201 (9) I. Emily Eaton, b. Dec. 4, 1884; d. April 9, 1885. 198. Sarah Holder, Lynn; married Leander H. Aldrich, of Lynn, b. July i, 1828; moved to Bloom- ington, 111. Issue. 202 (8) I. William Allen, b. Cal., Sept. 3, 185s; d. Oct. 26, 1856. 203 (8) II. Rachael, b. Cal., Mar. 31, 1858; d. Dec. 10, 1897. 204 (8) III. Charles Edwin, b. Lynn, Feb. I, 1862. 205 (8) IV. Arthur Ellwood, b. Dec. 12, 1863. 206 (8) V. Mary Holder, b. April 6, 1866; d. Feb. 13, 1869. 207 (8) VI. Isabel Warren, b. July, 1871. Issue. 203. Rachael Holder Aldrich married Addison James McComb, Bloomington, 111., Jan. 30, 1895. Issue. 208 (9) I- James Addison, b. May 21, 1897. 204. Charles Edwin Aldrich married Rose Mad- den, Oct. 9, 1889, Beloit, Wis. Issue. 209 (9) I- Helen Rachael, b. Nov. 19, 1890. 210 (9) IL Edmonia, b. Feb. i, 1892. 211 (9) HI. Dorothy, b. June 5, 1895. 212 (9) IV. Rosemary, b. Sept., 1897. 213 (9) '[^ 214 (9) II. 215 (9) III. 216 (9) IV. 216a(9) V. Appendix 295 205. Arthur Ellwood Aldrich married Jessie French, June 20, 1889, White Water, Wis. Issue. Lynn Ellis, b. May 17, 1890. Warren Holder, b. Nov. 18, 1891. Ellwood Harmon, b. June 20, 1895. Marion Ruth, b. Jan. 3, 1897. Mary; d. young. 207. Isabel Warren Aldrich married Frank Loomis Washburne, June 24, 1896. 199. James Warren Holder married Sept. 17, 1862, Isabel Kittredge Gordon, of Lynn, b. July 7, 1841, daughter of Nicholas and Ruth Gordon. Issue. 217 (8) I. James Gordon, b. Aug. 16, 1863; graduated at Mass. Institute of Technology, May 27, 1884. Suc- ceeded to business of his grand- father in Lynn. 218 (8) II. Leila Warren, b. Oct. 4, 1865. DESCENDANTS OF DANIEL HOLDER (1761), OF NANTUCKET AND MARBLEHEAD. 20. Daniel Holder married Susannah , who died Aug. 3, 1807. Issue. 20 296 Appendix 219 (6) I. Nathaniel, b. ; d. in his twen- tieth year. 220 (6) II. Sally, b. ; d. June i, 1808; mar- ried Capt. Dennis, of . 221 (6) III. Nancy, b. ; married Capt. Christopher Bassett, of Ames- bury, Mass.; d. . 222 (6) IV. Betsy, b. ; married Samuel Bouden, of Marblehead. 223 (6) V. Jane Holder, b. ; married Smithurst. Moved to Ohio. Her great-granddaughter was Anna Brown, of Hamilton, Ohio, who married Samuel Ridenour, Kansas City. 224 (6) VI. Mary (Polly), b. , 1756; d. Jan. 26, 1842; unmarried. 225 (6) VII. Daniel Holder, Quaker, of Marble- head, b. July, II, 1774; d. Sept. 25, 1816; married Desire Styles, of Marblehead, daughter of Capt. Richard and Desire P. Styles, April 9, 1797. She was born May 24, 1769; d. Oct. 9, 1839. Said to have been thirteen children. One of the children of the above, a daughter, married Wyatt. Another daughter married Capt. Rappelle. Issue. Appendix 297 DESCENDANTS OF DANIEL AND DESIRE HOLDER. 226 (7) I. Daniel, b. Jan. 26, 1799; d. Mar. 12, 1801. 227 (7) n. Nathaniel, b. Sept. 30, 1800; d. Oct. 15, 1804. 228 (7) ni. Daniel, b. May 5, 1802; d. April 21. 1807. 229 (7) IV. Desire, b. Feb. 28, 1804; d. Feb. 24, 1820, 230 (7) V. Sally, b. Feb. 24, 1806; d. June 24, 1900; married Joseph Selman, of Marblehead, who died in Lynn, Nov. , 1873. She remembered an attempt made by Holders to obtain the "$2,000,000 fortune." 231 (7) VI. Daniel, of Marblehead, b. May 14, 1808; d. Sept. 14, 1843; mer- chant; had large cooperage in St. Johns, Porto Rico. 232 (7) VII. Nathaniel, of Lynn, Mass., Clergy- man; b. Jan. 19, 1811; d. June 24, 1900. 233 (7) VIIL Susannah, b. Sept. 16, 1814; d. Nov. 20, 1899; married Isaac Ab- bott Allen Aug. 13, 1835. He died Aug. 3, 1894. Issue. 231. Daniel Holder, of Marblehead, married Mary Mandlifif Morris, of Boston, b. Nov. 2, 1808: d. Jan. 23, 1883. Issue. 298 Appendix 234 (8) I. Mary Emily, of Boston, b. Aug. i, 1834; d. July 7, 1901; married Oscar F. Howe, of Fitzwilliam. N. H.; b. Oct. , 1836; d. Nov. 10, 1893. No issue. 235 (8) 11. Daniel Curtis, of Boston, b. Jan. 2, 1832; d. Feb. 23, 1901. 236 (8) III. Abby Morris, Santa Barbara, Cal. 237 (8) IV. Frances Adelaide, Santa Barbara, Cal. 235. Daniel Curtis Holder married Lucy Blake, of Kensington, N. H., b. Aug. 6, 1839. Issue. 238 (9) I- Frederic Blake, b. Mar. i, 1S60. 239 (9) 11. Mary Evelyn, b. Feb. 3, 1863; d. July 22, 1876. 240 (9) in. Daniel Curtis, Jr., b. June 30, 1867. 241 (9) IV. Dr. Oscar Howe, of New York, b. June 30, 1867. Issue. 238. Frederic Blake Holder, Boston, Mass., married Agnes Loyd Woodrufif, of Brooklyn, N. Y., b. June 26, 1867. Issue. 242 (10) I. Edith, b. June 26, 1892. 243 (10) II. Agnes, b. Jan. 3, 1895. 240. Daniel Curtis Holder, Jr., Boston, married Agnes Stewart, of New Orleans, b. Sept. 30, 1873. Issue. 244 (10) I. Daniel Stewart, b. Feb. i, 1891. Appendix 299 232. Nathaniel Holder, of Lynn, Mass., married Hannah Dodge Morgan, of Salem, Mass., daughter of Andrew and Rachael SafTord Morgan, Aug. 12, Sarah Selman, b. July 3, 1834; d. Jan. 17, 1896. Elizabeth Saflford, b. Jan. 7, 1836. Mary Ann Morgan, b. Nov. 12, 1837; d. June 2, 1900. Harriet Ella, b. June 23, 1839. William Channing, b. Mar. 7, 1841 Caroline Healey, b. Nov. 28, 1842 Theodora Parker, b. July 30, 1844. Langdon Healey, b. Mar. 10, 1846 Clara Bassett, b. Feb. 6, 1848; d April 21, 1891. 254 (8) X. Nathaniel Holder, Jr., b. Sept. 22, 1849. 255 (8) XI. Emma, b. Sept. 2, 1851; d. Mar. 21, 1878. 256 (8) XII. Zulette, b. July 15, 185 ; d. Aug. 1832. Issue. 245 (8) I. 246 (8) II. 247 (8) III. 248 (8) IV. 249 (8) V. 250 (8) VI. 251 (8) VII. 252 (8) VIII. 253 (8) IX. 257 (8) XIII. Daniel, b. April i, 1855; d. Nov. 30, 1856. Issue. 245. Sarah Selman Holder married Charles Augustus Adams Mar. 14, 1854, of Jaffray, N. H.; d. Middleton, Ohio, Nov. 19, i860. Issue. 258 (9) I. Charles Holder Adams, b. Dec. 29, 1855; d. Nov. 27. 1866. 261 (9) I. 262 (9) 11. 263 (9) III. 264 (9) IV. 265 (9) V. 300 Appendix 259 (9) n. Sarah Augusta, b. Sept. 16, 1858; d. Middleton, Ohio, Mar. 10, 1859. 260 (9) III. Clara Bassett, b. Middleton, Ohio, May 16, i860. 245. Sarah Selman Holder Adams married a second time, in Lynn, Henry Breed; d. Sept. 27, 1896. Issue. Flora Holder, b. July 12, 1863. Henry Lincoln, b. May 21, 1865; d. , 1865. Isabel Morgan, b. Aug. 8, 1867. Sarah Ellen, b. Mar. 7, 1870. Emma Hawthorn, b. Nov. 14, 1872. 246. Elizabeth Safford Holder married, in Lynn, Amos Sebastian Adams, M.D., of Jaffray, N. H., May 7, 1855. He died in Mansfield, Ohio, Aug. 11, 1881. Issue. 266 (9) I- Helen Elizabeth, b. in Lynn, Sept. 15, 1857. 267 (9) II- Florence Adams, b. Mar. 24, i860; d. Sept. 25, 1887. 268 (9) III- Annie Martin, b. Mar. 21, 1862. 269 (9) IV. Gertrude, b. Mar. 26, 1868. 270 (9) V. Dr. Nathaniel Holder, b. Jan. 14. 1871; married Clara Rosina Melchert in 1900. Lives in Chi- cago. Appendix 301 247. Mary Ann Morgan Holder married, in Lynn, Andrew J. Kidder, of New London, Conn., Dec. 31, 1863. Issue. 271 (9) L Martha Richards, b. Norfolk, Va., April 16, 1868. 272 (9) n. Henry Worcester, b. Lynn, Mass., Jan. 25, 1871. 273 (9) in. Andrew Jackson, b. New London, N. H., Mar. 14, 1873; married Helen Arnold Bowles, of Hart- ford, Conn., 1898; d. Jan. 20, 1901. No. issue. 274 (9) IV. May Holder, b. Springfield, N. H., April 3, 1875. 275 (9) V. William Mudgett, b. New London, N. H., Jan. 8, 1878. 276 (9) VI. Nathaniel Holder, b. New London, N. H., Oct. 19, 1880; d. Jan. 2, 1881. 277 (9) VII. Luther McCutcheon, b. New Lon- don, N. H., Feb. I, 1884. 249. William Channing Holder married, Lynn, Helen Shedd, of Peabody, Mass., Jan. 25, 1870. Issue. 278 (9) I. William Leighton, b. Feb. 26, 1871; d. July 21, 1871. 279 (9) II- Henry Allen, b. Sept. 4, 1872. 280 (9) III- Jesse Morgan, b. Feb. 9, 1874. 281 (9) IV. Mary Esther, b. Mar. 28, 1875. 302 Appendix 282 (9) V. Helen Zulette, b. Aug. 6, 1876. 283 (9) VI. Walter Safford, b. Oct. 27, 1879. 284 (9) VII. Marcellus, b. Oct. 8, 1882; d. April 6, 1883. 285 (9) VIII. Bertha Louise, b. April 8, 1884. 251. Theodora Parker Holder, of Lynn, married July 20, 1870, John Alexander Jameson, of Ells- worth, Me. Issue. Hannah Holder, b. May 8, 1871. Charles Smith, b. Aug. 12, 1873. George Sargeant, b. Oct. — , 1874. Sarah Abbie, b. Sept. — , 1876. Arthur Lawrence, b. Jan, 10, 1879. VI. John Alexander, b. Mar. 10, 1881; d. July 25, 1885. Holder Morgan, b. Lynn, Aug. 5, 1882. Lucy Cook, b. Dec. 24, 18 — . Issue. 286. Hannah Holder Jameson married W. H. Peabody, of Lynn, Aug 20, 1890. Issue. 294 (10) I. Nathaniel Holder, b. Aug. 8, 1891. 295 (10) II. George Herbert, b. Feb. 19, 1893. 296 (10) III. Paul Edgcombe, b. Jan. 30, 1895. 297 (10) IV. Theodore Hitchcock, b. March 20, 1898. 287. Charles Smith Jameson married, in Water- bury, Ct, Clara Haines Boyd, Oct. 17, 1899. No issue. 286 (9) I. 287 (9) IL 288 (9) in. 289 (9) IV. 290 (9) V. 291 (9) VI. 292 (9) VIL 293 (9) vin. 298 (9) 299 (9) 300 (9) I. II. III. 301 (9) 302 (9) 303 (9) IV. V. VI. Appendix 303 288. George Sargent Jameson married Alice May Welch, of Lynn, June 7, 1900. 252. Langdon Healey Holder, of Lynn, married Ella Maria Jackson Oct. 28, 1868. Councilman, Alderman and Representative. Issue. Alice Josephine, b. Oct. 29, 1869. Amy Leland b. June 21, 1871. Healey Langdon, b. Mar. 2, 1874; d. Mar. 21, 1878. Ernest Morgan, b. Aug. 8, 1876. Bessie Davenport, b. Oct. 3, 1878. Everett Tracy, b. Dec. 6, 1883. Issue. 299. Amy Leland Holder married Willard Nath- aniel Morrison, of Chelsea, Mass., Oct. 15, 1890. Issue. 304 (10) I. Harold Ivory, b. Sept. 5, 1891. 305 (10) II. Willard Langdon, b. Aug. 27, 1892. 306 (10) III. Ella Marjorie, b. Oct. 2, 1896. 307 (10) IV. Hazell Amy, b. June 2, 1901. 252. Langdon H. Holder married a second time Anna Sophia Nutter, of Lynn, June 12, 1894. No issue. 253. Clara Bassett Holder married Daniel Frank Bennett, in Lynn, July 12, 1871. Issue. 308 (9) I- Clara, b. and d. May — , 1872. 309 (9) II. Frank, b. June 21, 1873; d. Nov. 28, 1873. 310 (9) 311 (9) I. II. 312 (9) 313 (9) 314 (9) 315 (9) III. IV. V. VI. 304 Appendix 254. Nathaniel Holder, Jr., of Lynn, married Ellen Ardelia Dow, of Keene, N. H., Aug. 22, 1877. Issue. Nathaniel Dow, b. July 21, 1878. Andrew Morgan, b. June 29, 1880; d. April I, 1900. Frank Pierson, b. Dec. 6, 1883. Ralph, b. Nov. 19, 1885. Clara Ethel, b. July 25, 1888. Lillian, b. July 14, 1891. Issue. 310. Nathaniel Dow Holder married Alice Inez Winslow, June 20, 1900. Issue. 316 (10) I. Andrew Nathaniel Dow, b. July 16, 1901; d. Aug. I, 1901. 255. Emma Holder married Jackson Locke (lawyer), of Chelsea, Mass., Dec. 13, 1871. He died June 10, 1899. Mr. Locke was a lineal descendant of Captain Locke, of the "Speedwell." Issue. 317 (9) I. Sarah Sanborn, b. Nov. 30, 1872; d. Mar. 21, 1878. 318 (9) n. Emma May, b. Oct. 7, 1875. 319 (9) III. Sanborn Holder, b. Mar. 4, 1878. Issue. 318. Emma May Locke married Wilson Hiram Thorne June, 1899. Issue. 320 (10) I- Stella May Thorne, b. May 19, 1900. 319. Sanborn Holder Locke married Lillian Alice Jones, of Danvers, Mass., Jan. 24, 1900. Issue. 321 (10) I- Howard Sanborn, b. June 3, 1901; d. June 6, 1901. Appendix 305 The list of Oxford University Graduates con- tains besides the name of William Holder, D.D., already referred to, the following Holders: Nathan Holder, B.A., 1679; M.A., 1683, of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. Clement Holder, of Pembroke College, Cam- bridge, B.A., 1689; M.A., 16—. Robert Keyse Holder, B.A., 1813; M.A., 1830 (?), St. John's College, Oxford. NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA, HOLDERS. Holder married , Northport, L. I., 1756 (?). Issue. 1. George (?). 2. John. 3. Jacob, b. Aug. 15, 1757; d. June 29, 1828, Northport, L. I. Issue. Jacob married Mary Sharp, b. July 24, 1767; d. April 16, 1864, at Staten Island, N. Y. Issue. 1. Samuel, b. July 4, 1790; d. May, 1875, Long Reach, N. B. 104 British Reg., War of 1812. 2. Rachael, b. Dec. 23, 1791, Long Reach, N. B. 3. John, b. Aug. i, 1794, Long Reach, N. B. 4. Sarah, b. Mar. 21, 1796; d. Feb. 14, 1821, Long Reach, N. B. 5. Martha, b. Mar. 21, 1796; d. Dec. 18, 1869, Long Reach, N. B. 3o6 Appendix 6. Jacob, b. May 30, 1799; d. Jan. 9, 1835, Long Reach, N. B. 7. Robert, b. Sept. 19, 1802; d. April 18, 1865, Long Reach, N. B. 8. Mary, b. July 2Z, 1806, Long Reach, N. B. 9. George William, b. Mar. 9, 1812, Montreal, Canada. Issue. (i.) Samuel Holder married Lucretia Belyea (descendant of Aneka Jans); b. July 4, 1793; d. July 4, 1 861. Issue. 1. Nancy Jane, b. April 10, 1814; d. Mar. 9, 1881; married Laskey. 2. Mary Ann, b. July 16, 1815; d. Oct. 10, 1878; married Crawford. 3. Abraham B., b. Mar. 17, 1817, Holderville. 4. Catherine S., b. Feb. 5, 1819; married Pitt, Holderville. 5. John George, b. Nov. 30, 1820; d. Mar. 12, 1887, at sea. 6. Samuel Joshua, b. Oct. 25, 1822; d. Jan. 28, 1894. 7. Edwin Jacob, b. Aug. 7, 1824; d. April 25, 1884. 8. Charles Henry, b. May 27, 1826. 9. Raymond Surrey, b. July 30, 1828; lost at sea Dec, 1861. 10. Howard Horace, b. April 3, 1830, Holder- ville; d. April 14, 1882. Appendix 307 11. Lavina Amelia, b. Feb. 24, 1833; married Fullerton; d. May 12, 1893. 12. Robert James, b. Dec. i, 1834, Holderville. 13. Leverett Thomas, b. Dec. 29, 1836; d. Aug. 4, 1870. (7.) Edwin Jacob married, in 1848, Hannah Par- rett. Issue. 1. Thomas Howard, b. Jan. 24, 1852; d. Mar. 27, 1892. 2. Abram Belyea, b. Nov. 10, 1853. 3. Susan Amelia, b. Dec. 25, 1855. 4. Agnes Lucretia, b. Sept. 20, 1858. 5. Ada Elizabeth, b. Aug. 6, i860; d. Jan. 9, 1889. 6. Edwin Jacob, b. Nov. 17, 1862, Amesbury, Mass. 7. Raymond Le Barron, b. Nov. 17, 1864. 8. Frank William, b. Aug. 7, 1866. 12. Robert James married . Issue. I. Leonard Gaetz Holder. He married Mary Alice Williams. Issue. 1. Harriet E. 2. Marion Hope. 3. Clara Chipman. 4. Leonard Bryant. 5. Victor Phillip. 6. Doris Mary. 7. Robert Lurrey. 3o8 Appendix (13.) Leverett Thomas married Angelina Hend- erson, b. Oct. 26, 1842; d. Mar. 13, 1900, Holderville. Issue. 1. William Bayard, b. Nov. 12, i860, Holderville. 2. Margaret Lucretia, b. Jan. 8, 1862; married Hawker, Holderville. 3. Jennie Amelia, b. Mar. 2, 1863; married Duke, Holderville. 4. Charlotte Elizabeth, b. May 18, 1864; d. Sept. 30, 1893; married Hawker, Holderville. 5. Leverett Thomas, b. Sept. 5, 1867. 6. Herbert Abraham, b. Oct. 13, 1870, St. Johns. Issue. (6.) Herbert A. married Emeline Ames, b. Nov. 8, 1872, East Boston. Issue. 1. Herbert P. A., b. Dec. 25, 1894, Roxbury, Mass. 2. Ruth, b. July 20, 1896; d. Feb. 16, 1898, Rox- bury, Mass. 3. Marion, b. Sept. i, 1897, Roxbury, Mass. 4. Phillip E., b. Aug. 23, 1899, Roxbury, Mass. (4.) Catherine S. Holder, b. Feb. 5, 1819; married David L. Pitt, Long Reach, Sept. 19, 1844. Issue. 1. Hannah Lucretia, b. May 20, 1846; d. Aug. 23, 1847. 2. Edwin Jacob, b. June 14, 1848; d. 1873, at sea. 3. David Leonard, b. Butte, Mont., Feb. 3, 1850. Appendix 309 4. Abraham Wilmot, b. Nov. 9, 1851; d. 1873, at sea. 5. William Raymond, b. Feb. 8, 1854; d. Mar. 25, 1854. 6. Emma Alice, b. Feb. 17, 1857. (7.) Edwin Jacob Holder, b. Long Reach, Aug. 7, 1824; d. April 25, 1884; married May 26, 1849, Han- nah Parrett, b. Dec. 26, 1824. Issue. 1. Thomas Howard, b. Jan. 24, 1850; d. Feb., 1892, at sea. 2. Abraham Belyea, b. Nov. 10, 1853. 3. Susan Amelia (Henderson), b. Holderville, N. B., Dec, 25, 1855. 4. Agnes Lucretia, b. Sept. 22, 1858. 5. Ada Elizabeth, b. Aug. 7. i860; d. Feb., 1889. 6. Edwin Jacob, b. Amesbury, Mass., Nov. 7, 1862. 7. Raymond Le Barron, b. St. John, N. B., Nov. 17, 1864. 8. Frank William, b. Everett, Mass., Aug. 6, 1866. (8.) Charles Henry Holder, Carlton, N. B., b. May 27, 1826; married Deborah Anne Roberts, July, 1851. Issue. 1. George Edwin, b. July 27, 1853. 2. Hannah Roberts, b. Holderville, N. B., Sept. 20, 1862. 3. Elmira Elizabeth, b. Sept. 28, 1864. 4. Hattie Ella, b. Jan. 27, 1867. 3IO Appendix (6.) Samuel Joshua Holder, of Long Reach, b. Oct. 25, 1822; d. Jan. 28, 1894; married Sarah Anne Whittaker. Issue. 1. Samantha Jane. 2. George Milton. 3. Charles William. 4. Joshua Abraham. 5. Edwin Shaler; d. at sea. 6. Louisa Sarah. (10.) Howard Horace Holder, Long Reach^ N. B., married Margaret Bubar, 1873. Issue. 1. Robert Parker, b. Feb. 4, 1874; d. Jan., 1901. 2. Fanny, b. June 7, 1876. 3. Lucretia Belyea, b. Sept. 3, 1877. 4. Arthur Howard, b. July 10, 1880. (12.) Robert James Holder, Long Reach, N. B., married Elizabeth Kitchen Holder, Sept. 4, i860. Issue. 1. John Samuel, b. St. John, Sept. 16, 1861. 2. Leonard Geatz, b. Dec. 7, 1866. 3. Mary Eliza, b. June 18, 1867. 4 Pearl, b. Mar. 7, 1876. 5. Myrtle, b. 1880. 6. Jessie, b. July 4, 1882. 7. Surray Le Barron, b. Oct. 7, 1885. (2.) Mary Ann Holder married Thomas Craw- ford, Long Reach, 1878. Issue. I. Robert; d. at sea. Appendix 311 2. James. 3. Charlotte; married Waters. 4. George; d. igoo. 5. Mina; married Waters. (11.) Lavinia Amelia Holder married Elisha Ful- lerton, 1893. Issue. 1. Sarah Jane, b. Feb. 9, 1852; married Cronk. 2. Robert Holder, b. Aug. 23, 1854. George Burnett, b. Sept. 23, 1856. James William, b. August 17, 1857. Elisha Peck, b. June 29, 1859. Abraham Bell, b. Sept. 3, 1862. Amelia Alice, b. Feb. 18, 1864. Lucretia Bacon, b. Jan. 12, 1866. Mary Ella, b. Sept. 23, 1868. Samuel Leverett, b. July 11, 1869. Lottie Augusta, b. Oct. 26, 1870. Frank Stanley, b. July 4, 1872. (2.) Hannah R. Holder, b. 1862; married James T, Crawford, Long Reach, 1886. Issue. 1. Edna Jean, b. Holderville, May 2, 1888. 2. Elinor Grace, b. Holderville, Dec. 18, 1893. 3. George Robert Abraham, b. Aug. 7, 1896; d. Mar. 14, 1897. 4. John B. G., b. Dec. 23, 1897. 21 312 Appendix (i.) William Bayard Holder, b. i860, East Bos- ton, Mass. ; married Susie E. Minot, b. Brunswick, Me., Jan. 6, 1866. Issue. 1. Angeline, b. April 19, 1889; d. July 15, 1890. 2. Helen Minot, b. Mar. 14, 1891; d. July 28, 1891. 3. Eugenie Mabel, b. Aug. 22, 1892. 4. Walter Bayard, b. Sept. 21, 1893. 5. Charlotte Mildred, b. June 9, 1898; d. Jan. 3, igoo. (3.) Jennie Amelia Holder, b. Mar. 2, 1863; mar- ried Joseph P. Duke, East Boston. Issue. 1. Joseph Canfield, b. Dec. 22, 1890. 2. Thomas Francis, b. Dec. 23, 1891. 3. Margaret Ethel, b. April 4, 1893; d. June 6, 1893. 4. Jennie Amelia, b. May 30, 1894. 5. Bayard Tilton, b. June 19, 1896. 6. Lena Marie, b. June 22, 1897; d. Aug. 4, 1897. 7. John Westley, b. Sept. 26, 1898. 8. Arthur Allen, b. April 12, 1901. (4.) Charlotte Elizabeth Holder, b. 1864; mar- ried Walter W. Hawker, of St. John, N. B. Issue. I. Frances Hilda, b. Nov. 21, 1887. (5.) Leverett Thomas Holder, of Marblehead, Mass., married Mina Dunn, Sept. 20, 1893. Issue. I. Leverett Thomas, Jr., b. May, 1899. Appendix 313 HOLDERS, OF HULL, ENGLAND. From the records of Mr. J. F. Holder, of Brooklyn, N. Y. William Holder, born at Barmston, Holderness, Yorkshire branch, March 24, 1736; died March 12, 1822; married June 10, 1766, in Bridlington church, Elizabeth Hall, daughter of Edward Hall, of Flam- boro Head, Holderness, who died July 30, 1769. She was born at Flamboro Head, August 12, 1744; died February 17, 1824. William Holder married a second time, Margaret Clifton. Issue of first mar- riage. 1. Margaret (Historian, collaborated with Dade in history of Holderness), b. April 30, 1767. 2. John, b. Dec. 4, 1768; d. Aug. 2, 1772. 3. Isabella, b. Dec. 21, 1770; d. June 2, 1772. 4. John, 2d, b. Oct. 11, 1773; d. July 16, 1836 (London). 5. Jane, b. Sept. i, 1775; married Leonard Holmes. 6. Ann, b. Mar. 13, 1777; d. ; married Perrett. 7. Mary, b. Feb. 24, 1779. 8. William, surgeon to Sir John Ross Arctic Expedition, b. May 27, 1781. Issue. (4.) John Holder, 2d (1773), married Catherine Barrett, lineal descendant of Lord Barrett, b. Mar. 9, 1771; d. Jan. 6, 1838. Issue. I. John Barrett, b. April 29, 1803; d. Sept. 17, 1863. 314 Appendix 2. William, b. Sept. i, 1805; d. Sept. 23, 1850. 3. Catherine Barrett, b. Sept. 2, 1806; d. Feb. 22, 1888. 4. Charles Barrett, b. Sept. 15, 1808; d. July 20, 1889. Issue. (i.) John Barrett Holder married first, Mary- Ann Martin, b. Aug. 16, 1803; d. Mar. 18, 1841. Second wife, Jane Holder (first cousin). Issue by first wife. 1. John Martin, b. Hull, Eng.; Mar. 21, 1832; d. July 19, 1899. 2. Charles Barrett, b. Hull, Eng., Aug. 31, 1833; d. April 12, 1891. 3. Thomas Martin, b. Dec. 27, 1834; d. . 4. George Martin, b. May 20, 1836; d. April i, 1837. 5. Sarah Elizabeth, b. May 18, 1838. Issue. (i.) John Martin Holder married Mary Ann Jeannette Hambler, 1854. (For biography see Brooklyn Citizen, July 20, 1899.) Issue. 1. Mary Ann, b. Jan. 9, 1857. 2. Laura Pemberton, b. June 15, 1861; married Simon Bastedo. Issue. Alfred Martin, b. July 3, 1886. 3. John Pemberton, b. Mar. 21, 1864; married Lilie Poss. 4. Jeannette. Appendix 315 5. William De Witt, b. July 26, 1871 ; married Lelia White Titcomb. 6. Alfred Hombler, b. Aug. 31, 1882. (2.) Charles Barrett Holder (1883) married Mary Flynn. Issue. 1. John; d. in infancy. 2. Mary Frances, b. Sept. 15, 1865; d. Dec. 29, 1898; married Francis Lefebure. Charles Barrett Holder married a second time Amelia Donovan, b. New York, Mar. 10, 1842; d. May 18, 1899. Issue. 1. James Francis, b. Oct. 22, 1873; married An- gela M. Murphy. 2. Charles Barrett Holder, b. July 24, 1875; mar- ried, 1898, Clare Rose Higgins. Issue. Daniel Vin- cent, b. April 5, 1899. (3.) Thomas Martin Holder (1834) married Hannah Flynn. Issue. 1. John Martin. 2. Thomas Martin (Rough Rider under Roose- velt, Spanish- American war). 3. Charles Barrett. (4.) Sarah Elizabeth Holder (1838) married George Miller. Issue. 1. Jennie. 2. Florence. 3. Em.ma; married Sherman Woolley. Issue, two children. 3i6 Appendix 4. Ruth; married Samuel Woolley. Issue, one daughter. John Barrett Holder (1803) married a second time, Jane Holder. Issue. 1. Edward b. July 13, 1844; d. . 2. William, b. Feb. 8, 1846; d. Aug. 12, 1888. 3. ' Betsy Jane, b. Nov. 5, 1848. 4. Henry, b. Aug. 11, 1851. 5. George Frederick, b. Dec. 20, 1853; married ; all born in Brooklyn, N. Y. Issue. (4.) Henry Holder married Caroline A. Wilkins, Quaker stock, Philadelphia, b. June 6, 1841. Issue. (i.) Henry, Jr., b. May 23, 1879; married Esther Violet Martin, b. Oct. 6, 1879. (3.) Catherine Barrett Holder (1806) married (4.) Charles Barrett Holder (1808) married Ruth Lazenby, b. Sept. 19. 1810; d. April 25, 1876. (For biography of Chas. B. Holder see Brooklyn Daily Eagle, July 21, 1889.) Pioneer stage-line owner in Brooklyn, N. Y. Came to America in 1832; settled in Detroit as merchant and trader; settled in Brooklyn, 1842, corner Fulton and Wav- erly streets, and in this year established first stage line in the city by the old Bedford turnpike, run- ning from Bedford to the ferry via Wallabout. In later years it became the Brooklyn City Railroad Company. He was highly respected by the citizens Appendix 317 of Brooklyn as a man of sterling worth and char- acter. Issue. 1. John Barrett, of Brooklyn, b. Detroit, July II, 1834; d. Sept. 6, 1874. Organizer of first base- ball club in America. Famous athlete; member of old Atlantic. 2. Emma Barrett, b. Feb. 22, 1835; married Downs. 3. William Charles, b. Dec. 18, 1837; d. in in- fancy. 4. Catherine Barrett, b. Mar. 20, 1840. 5. Sarah Jane, b. Sept. — , 1842; married Davis. 6. Ruth, b. Mar. 28, 1844; married Davis. 7. Betsy, b. Mar. 24, 1848; married Hart Ester- brook. (4.) Catherine Barrett Holder (1840) married Clark Bloomer. Issue. 1. Walter, b. ; married . 2. Charles, b. ; married . 3. Ruth. . 4. Maud, b. April 19, 1865; married Pabst; d. Nov. 19, 1900. Issue, two children. 5. Kate, b. ; married Decker. 6. Emma Barrett, b. Nov. 19, 1876; d. Oct. 6, 1899. (7.)Mary Holder (1779) married Leonard Cow- ing, of Limonburn (Northumberland). Crest, (pigeon before a looking glass). Issue. 3i8 Appendix 1. Jane. 2. William. 3. Joseph Milburn. 4. George. 5. Robert. 6. John. 7. Elizabeth, b. Aug. 15, 1823. Issue. (i.) Jane Cowing married Theophilus Stephen- son. Issue. 1. Mary. 2. Milburn. 3. John. 4. Robert Thomas, antiquarian, b. Dec. 23, 1841; d. Dec. 27, 1891. Issue. (i.) Mary Stephenson married Smith. Issue. 1. Annie. 2. Fred. (4.) Robert Thomas Stephenson married Tom- asia P. Thorpe, Hull, Eng. Issue. 1. Emma, b. Mar. 17, 1868. 2. Edward Milburn, b. Sept. 20, 1869. 3. Robert Theophilus, b. Mar. 26, 1871. 4. Louisa, b. July 31, 1872; d. April 13, 1875. 5. Jane Cowing, b. Mar. 15, 1874; married J. G. Hasselstrom. 6. Mary, b. July 27, 1875 ; d. Dec. 3, 1883. 7. Henry, b. May 5, 1877 ; d. June 14, 1880. 8. Walter, b. Mar. 13, 1879; d. Nov. 22, 1883. 9. Elizabeth, b. Mar. 9, 1881 ; d. Sept. 4, 1882. 10. Frank, b. Mar. 1883; d. July 19, 1901. Appendix 319 Issue of second marriage of William Holder (1736), with Margaret Clifton. (i.) Edward, b. May 24, 1784; d. Nov. 4, 1865. (2.) George Holder, b. July 19, 1792; d. . Issue. (i.) Edward married (1808) Jane Watson Selby, Eng. ; d. Nov. 2, 1858. Issue. 1. Edwin, b. June 23, 1809; d. June 9, 1850. 2. Emma, b. April 23, 181 1; d. April 30, 1877. 3. Jane, b. Feb. 20, 1813; d. April 10, 1891 ; mar- ried John B. Holder, her first cousin. 4. Betsy, b. Oct. 20, 1815; d. July 9. 1850. 5. William, b. Jan. 3. 1817; d. April 17, 1887. 6. John Watson, b. Mar. i, 1819; d. Jan. 26, 1890. Well-known philanthropist, of Hull, Eng. 7. Angelica Wharrey, b. May 26, 1821; d. Aug. I, 1891. 8. Harry Wharrey, b. April 30, 1824; d. Nov. 2. 1880. 9. Thomas, b. Oct. 31, 1826; d. Sept. 1829. PENNSYLVANIA HOLDERS. Daniel Holder (had several brothers who settled in California) supposed to be a Hollander, settled in Pennsylvania 18^; married . Issue. (i.) William Daniel, of Lebanon, Pa. (2.) John. (i.) William Daniel married Mary Jane Irvine. Issue. William Henry Holder, merchant, 314 Cedar avenue, Scranton, Pa. 320 Appendix KANSAS CITY (MISSOURI) HOLDERS. The following names are found in the Kansas City Directory : John M. Holder, clerk. J. Davis Holder, Transfer Co. Lyman D. Holder, Insurance Co. Myrtle Holder. Woodsan W. Holder, teacher. In Los Angeles, Cal., lives Carl Holder. There are Holders in Kansas who came from North Carolina, possibly of the New Brunswick branch. CAMBRIDGESHIRE, ENGLAND, HOLDERS. Holder, of March, married . Issue. 1. Thomas. 2. John. 3. (Miss) Holder. 4. (Miss) Holder. William Holder, March, Cambridgeshire, b. 18 — ; married Elizabeth Morris, of March. Issue. 1. George. 2. Charles; d. young. 3. Sarah. 4. Elizabeth; d. young. 5. William Morris, b. 1839; came to Providence, R. I., in 1861. Appendix 321 MAIDSTONE, ENGLAND, HOLDERS. Charles Holder, b. Nov. 29, 1791; d. Feb. 13, 1875; married Ann Patten Oct. 29, 1812. Latter b. April 10, 1796; d. Aug. 28, 1856. Issue. I. John, b. Nov. 20, 1813; d. May 20, i860. Mary Ann, b. April 10, 1816; d. . Richard, b. Jan. 26, 1818; d. 1844. William, b. Dec. 8. 1820; d. . Eliza, b. Nov. 29, 1822; d. Oct. 23, 1863. Mercy, b. Feb. 18, 1825; d. April 27, 1861. Caroline, b. Aug. 16, 1827; d. . James, b. Dec. 15, 1829; d. Aug. 9, 1876. Charles Hawkes, b. July 6, 1832; d. May 2, 9. 1892. 10. Sarah, b. Nov. 21, 1834; d. Jan. .20, 1861. 11. Alfred, b. Aug. 7, 1838; d. . Issue. (2.) Mary Ann Holder married John Hawkes, 1838. AMERICAN BRANCH. (9.) Charles Hawkes Holder came to New York in 1858; married Harriet Hall May 22, 1867. Issue. 1. Suzanne, b. Feb. 22, 1867. 2. Ann Patten, b. Jan. 16, 1869. 3. Charles Adams, M.D., b. Nov. 2, 1872, Colo- rado Springs. 4. Lemuel, b. Nov. 29, 1875, New York. 5. Frederick, b. Oct. 12, 1877, New York. Issue. 322 Appendix (i.) Suzanne Holder married Charles Schu- macher, Jr., New York, Nov., 1894. Issue. 1. Charles, b. Nov. 3, 1896. 2. Ann Patten married Daniel H. Burdett, Jr., New York, May, 1894. Issue. 1. Frances, b. June, 1895. 2. Donald, b. July, 1899. (3). Charles Adams Holder, M.D., Colorado Springs, married Lena Keyes, May, 1897. Issue. 1. Frances Keyes, b. June, 1898. 2. Harriet Hall, b. June, 1899. (5). Frederick Holder, New York, married Es- telle Wright, Jan., 1901. GERMAN HOLDERS. Jacob Holder, of Wittengen, Germany, married Mary Shans. Issue. I. Andrew Holder, of Baltimore. There are relatives of this branch in Wiirttemberg, Kollburg and Lunyingen. Among the well-known German Holders is Prof. Alfred Holder, of the University of Strassburg, Karlsruhe, Baden. There are German Holders in New York, among them Carl A. T. Holder. Many Germans named Holder- mann, Holderer, etc., changed the name to Holder on coming to America. There were Houlders in Boston in 1730. They soon dropped the "u", spell- ing the name Holder. Appendix 323 HOLDERS OF LONDON. Charles Holder, of London. (Crest — dove, with olive branch.) Bern, ; married ; died 1859. Issue. 1. Charles, b. London, 1816; d. 1875. (Peta- luma, Cal.) 2. William, b. ; d. . 3. Elizabeth, b. ; married . Bumford (London). Charles came to America in 1841 ; settled in New York; married Mary Nolan, of Dublin. He died in Oakland, Cal., 1873. Issue. I. Owen. Charles married a second time, Mary Walsh, of Ireland. Issue. 1. Emma, of Washington, D. C. 2. Joseph, Portland, Ore. 3. Charles, Decatur, Ga. 4. Frances Catherine. Issue. Frances Catherine Holder married S. C. Brown, of National Museum, Washington, D. C. WELSH HOLDERS. Charles Holder, of England, b. , 1810; d. , 1875; settled in Monmershire, Blackwood, Wales, in 18 — . He married Esther Thomas. They came to America in 1843. Issue. I. Sarah. 324 Appendix 2. Elizabeth. 3. Mathew. 4. John. 5. Charles. 6. Elias. Elizabeth married S. C. Pollard, of Bon Air, Chesterfield Co., Va. Charles married a second time. Issue. 1. Samuel. 2. Jefferson, 3. Martha. CANADIAN HOLDERS. William Holder, b. 17 — , Germany; married . Issue. I. John, b. ; married ; d. . Issue. Martin Luther, b. 1822, in Germany; d. Feb. 12, 1885. Came to Canada young; settled in Black Creek; married Margaret . Issue. 1. Elias, b. , Welland, Ontario. 2. Martha Jane, b. 1859; d. 1878; unmarried. 3. John Garrett, b. May 3, 1869; d. April 3, 1901. 4. Titus, b. 1866; d. Nov. 10, 1889. 5. Bertha. 6. Amy A., b. 1863. 7. William, Buffalo, N. Y., bom at Cook's Mills, Canada. Issue. (3.) John Garrett Holder, of Port Colborn; married Mary . Appendix 325 (5.) Bertha Holder married I. T. McNamee, of Montreal. (6.) Amy Augusta Holder married Anson Green, Jan. 9, 1879. Issue. 1. Alem E. 2. Edward T. 3. Frank H. 4. Alice E. 5. Bertha Margaret. 6. Ray. 7. Gordon. Issue. (4.) Alice married Norman Sherk, June 8, 1899. LIST OF WORKS BY AUTHORS OF THE NAME OF HOLDER IN THE LIBRARY OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM. Holder (Alfred). Dat Lyden ende die Passie ons Heren Jhesu Christi 1868 — ( ) . Herodoti Historise 1883 ( ). and Keller (Otto). Scholia Antiqua in Q. Hortalum Flaccum. . . 1894 ' ( ). Germanischer Biicher- schatz 1882-84 ( ). Alterltischer Sprachschatz. . 1891 Holder (Phebe). Volumes of Poems 1900 Holder (Anthony). A Discovery of Two Un- clean Spirits 1657 Holder (Christopher). Declaration of Faith (Quaker) 1657 326 Appendix Holder (Christopher). "Reply to Attacks of Morton" 1657 Holder (August). Geschichte des Schwabi- schen 1896 Holder (C. B.). Memoirs of the Rev. W. Chapman 1851 Holder (Rachael Bassett). Poems 1885 Holder (Joseph Bassett, N. Y.). Fauna Ameri- cana, etc 1875 Holder (Charles Frederick). The Ivory King. 1886 ( ) . Living Lights 1887 For other works of this author see pages 232, 233 ( ). All about Pasadena and its Vicinity, Climate, etc 1889 ( ). Charles Darwin, his Life and Works) 1891 ( ). Louis Agassiz, his Life and Works 1891 Holder (Edwin). Monograph on Dyes and Dyeing in the Madras Presidency. . 1896 Holder (Ernest) . Poems 1890 Holder (Henry Evans). A Brief . . . An- swer to the Philosophy of Masons. . 1791 Holder (Henry Evans). Discourses on Vari- ous Subjects Delivered in the Island of Barbadoes i79i ( ). Dissertatio medico inaug- uralis de actione erysipelatosa, etc.. . 1816 ( ). Fragments of a Poem 1792 ( ). A Sermon 1792 Appendix 327 ( ). A Short Essay on Negro Slavery 1758 ( ). A System of French Syntax. 1783 ( ). A System of French Acci- dence and Syntax ( ). Enchiridion Ecclesiasticum. . 1793 Holder (H. W.)- The Scarborough Bouquet of Rhymes i860 Holder (John). Poems and Other Pieces 1818 Holder (William) D.D. A Discourse Concern- ing Time 1694 ( ). Elements of Speech 1699 ( ). Introductio ad Chronologiam ( ). A Treatise on the Natural Grounds and Principles of Harmony 1694 Holder (Wilhelm), of Stuttgart. Admonitio de T. B. Asinus avis, hoc est Metamor- phosis 1587 Holder (Wilhelm), of Stuttgart. Bericht von ' dem iiberkunstreichen Buch 1589 ( ). Bericht welcher massen Papst Sixt 1588 ( ). Cuculus Caluinisticus 1585 ( ). Mus exentaratus 1593 Holder (William), M.D. De I'ongle incarne. . 1856 ( ). Cremation versus Burial 1891 Holder (W. F.). Our Pastoral Industry 1892 (From So. Australian Register.) Holder (Chas. F.) Life of Christopher Holder and Holder Genealogy 1902 22 INDEX Page Agassiz, Louis 22"] Aldrich, Rachael 225 Algonquin Indians 56 Allen 63 American Museum 229 Aneke, Jans 263 Angouleme, Duke of 201 Antinomian 163 Austin, Anne 25 Banks, Gen. N. P 207 Barbadoes 22, 129 Barclay, Robert 81 Barnstable County 64 Bassett Arms 202 " Anne 202 " Ephraim 253 " Hannah 200 " Rachael 200 Ruth 200 Beck's History 53 Bellingham 2^ Belyea, Lucretia 262 Berlin, Mass 203 Bickmore, Prof. A. S 229 Bigelow's Mill 212 Bishop's History 104 Bolton 216 2f30 Index Page Bowden's History 83 Breed, Jabez 199 " Mary 199 " Moses 202 " Nathan 199 " Nathan 3d 200 Cambridge loi Capron, Effingham 250 Carlyle, Thomas 82 Caton's Manuscripts 24 Charleston loi Chase, Nathan D 245 Chickering. Col. Thomas 207 Christopher's Hollow 68, 70 Clark, Mary 42 Clifton Arms 178 Hope 154,158,177 Thomas 177 Coffin, Allen 197 Cotton, John 80 Constable, Sir John 178 Copeland, John 63, 88, 113, 121, 146 Cowland, AHce 155 Cromwell, Oliver 81 Cudworth, Magistrate 129 Cuttyhunk Island i77 Daniell, Elizabeth 191, 192 Davis, Arabella 216 Dedham loi Doudney, Richard 42 Index 331 Page Dow, Greely 221 Dryden, Sir Erasmus 137 Dry Tortugas 228 Dunstanville, Baron de 202 Duxbury loi Dyer, Mary 130, 157 Endicott, Sir John 27 " anti-Quaker laws 29 " bigotry of 27 " cruelty of 1 19, 120 '* ear-cutting law 123 " hangs Quakers 157 " Inquisition 150 " tongue-boring law 121 Ensign, Norton's 102 Essex Institute 103 Ewer 66 Fell, Margaret 24 First Church 103 Fisher, Mary 25 Fiske, John 85 Flamboro Head 4 Fowler, Robert 4<3 log of 52 Fox Hall 214, 215 Fox, George 19, 52, 129, 163, 169, 171, 180 Friends 67, 88, 215 " donations to 215 Garrison, W. Lloyd 250 Gaskill, Sarah 203 332 Index Page Golding, Rodger I79 Gould, Daniel I55 Gove, Emily A 230 Edward 230 Granville 201 Hodgson, Robert 42 Holderness 178 Horsford, Eben N 188 Howe, Emily H 64 Hoxie 66 Hudson 221 Hussey, George i97 Holder, Aaron L 224, 290 " Abagail 276 Abby M 298 Abraham B 306 Agnes 298 Alice J 303 Amy A. G 325 Amy B 292 Amy L 303 Andrew, N. D 304 Anna F 281 Anna M 283 " Anne 274 Annie B 292 Anthony 265 Archie B 291 Bertha L 302 Betsy 296 Index 333 Page Holder, Caroline E 283 " " H 221,299 C. J. Hon 221 " Charles 264, 323 A 278 " " Adams 321 " M.D 264 " B 316 Barrett 314,315,316 E 286 " " Frederick 231 " " Hawkes 265,321 " " Vernon . , 291 W 290,292 " Christopher 1-327 Jr 191,275 " Content 274 Deborah D 283 Daniel, 192, 194-198, 224, 2^6, 276, 280, 291, 296, 297 " Daniel Curtis 238 S 298 " David 204 " " Greene 278 " I 285 " Desire 297 E. J 262 " Ebenezer 200 R 288 Edith 298 334 Index Page Holder, Edith 1 288 " M 292 " Edward S 278 " Edwin Jacob 307 Effie L 279 ** Elizabeth 8,272,290 " Elsie E 288 " Emily 291 " E 294 " A 230 " L 286 ** Emma 299, 323 " Ernest M 303 Everett T 303 Elizabeth 8 F. W 263 " Frances A 298 " Francis T 203-285 Frank P 304 Frederick C 284, 285 " Frederic B 298 " Frederick 321 *' George F , 285 " George 271 " George W 284 H. A 262 " Henry R 221 " Hannah 197, 200, 275, 276 " '' Greene 278 " Harry 291 Index 335 Page Holder, Harriet E 221,299 Healey L 303 Helen Z 302 Henry A 301 B. 280 " Evans 267 R 288 T 288 Herbert A 308 Herman S 288 Hope 274 Hortense N 285 Howard S 304 Irving C 279 Isaac B 284 J. B 266 Jacob 262, 305 J. F 313 James 226 " G 295 *' Lucas 278 " W 291 Jane 296 Jessie M 291, 301 Joane 265 John 192, 267, 274, 277 John Barrett 313, 317 " H 288 " M 314 Sir John Charles 265 336 Index Page Holder, Major John 219 Josiah B 278 Joseph 276 Bassett 4, 226, 231 Julia 291 Lambert B 286 " Langdon H 299 Lee E 279 Leila W 295 " Lemuel 321 Leonard B 307 Leslie E 288 Levi H 286 Lillian 304 " Lucy Greene 278 Lunette E 284 Lydia 287 '' B 278 Lyman D 286 " Marion 308 G 288 " Margaret 6 Maria 285 Martin Luther 324 " Mary 226,272,293,296 A. M 299 E 292, 301 Emily 298 Evelyn 298 G 281 Index 337 Page Holder, Mary H 286 Maurice E 279 Meltiah 267 Mildred 288 Minnie M 288 Miriam A 200 Nancy 296 Nathan B 278 Nathaniel 234,296,297 D 304 Jr 299,304 Oscar H 298 Patience 274 Perley 288 Phebe 219,276 « " A 286 PhillipE 308 Rachael 224 B 283 « " S 281 Ralph 304 " Clifton 279 Raymond Le B 307 Richard 224, 276 H 195,290 " " V 292 Roscoe W ....278,279 Ruth 308 " Mildred 292 Sadie A 279 338 Holder. S Index Page amuel H 286 Sally 296, 297 Sarah 226, 276, 278, 292, 293 " A 292 " Elizabeth 233 G. " S 299 Surray Le B 310 Susan M 287 Susannah 15, 297 Theodate 275, 276 2d 276 Theodora P 299 Thomas 203, 219, 275 F 280 Vernon M 291 Walter 263 " E 279 S 302 " Stanley 279 W. C 221 Warren D 291 Wilfred E 288 William 5, 11,264,271,313 B. D. H. I. L. 31a 319 319 291 301 Morris 265 Index 339 Pack Holder, William Penn 102, 128, 284 " P 28s Zulette 299 Antiquity of 3 Arms of 9,266 Definition of 3 Hussey, George 197 Indians 39 Lancaster 221 Leddra, W 131 Linset 256 Locke, Jackson 221 " Robert 22, 29 Lodge, Henry C 84 Long Reach 262 Lummus, Dr 247 Lutheran 83 Lynn loi, 154, 227 Marbury, Rev. F 137 Martha's Vineyard 55 Mayhew, Rev 57 Messenger, The King's 168 Morgan, Hannah D 234 Nantucket 195 New Brunswick 262 Newhall, Dr. Barker 177 Newland, W 77 Nichols, Rachael B 246 Norton, Humphrey 42 340 Index Pack Norton, Rev. John 29, 149 Oliver, Captain 147 " Henry 199 Olveston 178 Paige, Amy 202 Ella 202 Pasadena, Cal 213 Patience, Isle of 173 Peene, Mrs. John Garrison 211,214,215 Perigord, Duke of 201 Phelps, Hannah 155 Plymouth 33 Pompey, Prince I97 Poulson 6 Provost, Andrew J 234 Bishop 234 Puritans 39 Quaker 22 Rawson, Edward 30 Rogers, Judge Horatio 136 Robinson, William 42 Rous, John 130, 146 Sabine Crossroads 207 Salem loi Scott, Mary 176 Patience 152 " Richard 176 Sewell's History 60 Shattuck, Samuel 107 Shelter Island 185 Index 341 Page Slocum, Holder 177 Peleg 177 Southwick, Cassandra 102, 126 " Lawrence lOi "Speedwell" 22, 25 Spring Hill 64 Stephenson, M 153 Thurston, Thomas 23 Tower of London 231 Trask, Mary 155 Upshal, N 155 Uxbridge 241 Waugh, Dorothy 23, 41 Weatherhead, Mary 2^ Whittier, John Greenleaf 102, 104, 128, 168 Willard, Cato 258 Willoughby, Lake 214 Wilson, Rev. John 149, 156 "Woodhouse" 42 " log of 44 INDEX OF NAMES OTHER THAN HOLDER IN THE GENEALOGY Page Adams, Amos S 300 " Chas. Augustus 299 Aldrich, Leander 294 Ames, Emeline 308 Barrett, Charles 314 Bassett, Rachael 293 Ruth 293 Battey, Mary Jane 279 Bean, Alice Edna 282 " Edward H 282 " Elma L 282 " Ena R 282 " James R 282 " Mary Anna 282 Bennett, Daniel F 303 Bigelow, Chas 286 Blake, Lucy 298 Bolton, Melissa V 280 Bouden, Samuel 296 Bowen, Ida Webber 291 Bowles, Helen A 301 Boyd, Clara H 302 Breed, Aaron Lummus 290 " Desire 289 " Eunice 289 Hannah Estes 289 23 344 Index of Names other than Holder Pack Breed, Henry 300 " Isaiah 289 " Jabez 289 Judith 277 Bruce, Emily 281 " Willard G 283 Buffington, Ruth 280 Burdette, Daniel H., Jr 322 Caswell, Mark 290 Chase, Onslow E 280 Clark, Ida E 280 Clifton, Eleanor , 274 " Mary 274 Codding, Jessie P 292 Constable, Ralph 274 " Sir John 274 Cooledge, Silas 277 Crosby, Elmira A 288 Daniell, Elizabeth 275 Davis, Arabella P 285 Dillingham, Deborah 283 Dodson, Gertrude F 292 Dow, Alfred 281 Ella A 304 " George Edward 281 " Greeley 281 " James G 281 " Sarah Holder 281 " William H 281 Dryden, the poet 272 Index of Names other than Holder 345 Page Dryden, Sir Erasmus 272 Duke, Joseph P 312 Eason, Peter 272 Fosgate, Lucy 287 French, Jessie 295 Fry, Chas. Allen 282 " Rachael 281 Gaskill, Sarah 276 Gordon, Isabel K 295 " Nicholas 295 Ruth 295 Gove, Emily A , 293 Green, Anson 325 Bertha H 325 Greene, Mary 277 Haines, Sarah M 279 Hapgood, Laura 277 Lewis J 280 Harriman, Emily E 285 Harley, Aaron 282 Anna B 282 Arthur G 282 Herbert F 282 Sherman E 282 Hawkes, John 321 Henderson, Angelina 3<^ Houghton, Sarah F 290 Howe, Austin B 286 Oscar F 298 Hubbard, Andrew D 287 346 Index of Names other than Holder Page Hutchins, Harriet 285 Jackson, Ella M 303 Jameson, Holder M 302 " John Alex 302 Jones, Lillian A 304 Keyes, Lena 322 Kidder, Andrew J 301 Lazenby, Ruth 316 Locke, Jackson 304 Luscomb, Huldah 290 Madden, Rose 294 McComb, James Addison 294 Morgan, Andrew S 299 Hannah D 299 Morris, Mary Mandliff 297 Morrison, Willard N 303 Nason, Minnie L 282 Nichols, Thomas B 284 Noxon, Edgar C 287 Nutter, Anna S Z^2> Osborn, Maggie L 278 Parrett, Hannah 307, 309 Payson, Albert S 279 Peabody, W. H 302 Pitt, David L 308 Pollard, S. C 324 Rappelle, Capt 296 Reed, Nellie F 281 Rice, Louisa M 286 Rich, James 276 Index of Names other than Holder 347 Page Ridenour, Mrs. Samuel 296 Robinson, Julia A 280 Ross, Sir John 313 Russell, Caroline A 287 " Col. Ebenezer 287 Sage, Mrs. Russell 273 Saltonstall, Kate 291 Sanborn, Minnie 282 Scott, John, Earl of Eldon 272 " Mary 272 " Sir Walter 272 Selman, Joseph 297 Seymour, Ortwyn R 289 Shattuck, Sarah Ann 279 Shedd, Helen 301 Sherk, Norman 325 Sickal, Harold 282 " Margherita 282 " Marcus T 282 Slocum, Giles 273 John 273 Joseph 273 J - 273 " Margaret Olivia 273 " Miles Standish 273 Peleg 273 " Sylvester 273 W. B 273 Smith, Alexander 283 Smithhurst 296 34^ Index of Names other than Holder Page Southwick, Hannah S 284 Stephenson, Robert T 318 Stewart, Agnes 298 F. C 291 Styles, Desire 296 Tarbox 290 Taylor, Francis L 289 Thorne, Wilson H 304 Ufford, Sarah E 293 Vining, John Quincy 279 " Mary A 279 Washburn, J. F 284 Washburn, Mary Carr 279 Washburne, Frank L 295 Welch, Alice May 303 Wheeler, Lois 284 " Samuel H 280 Whitcomb, Amasa A 280 White, Henry K 282 Williams, John D 288 Wills, Mabel 282 Winslow, Alice 1 304 Woodruff, Agnes L 298 Workman, Fanny M 288 Wren, Dr. Christopher 271 " Sir " 271 Susannah 271 y^^ m^m^^ 't ^ K f XI y I ^^w' 'i> ^■'^ '')■ i ) ^ t > ^ ■ I :d :fri H b,l tu I 1 L 1 X ' < /ll VCT OF RICHARD MAi^Y HOLDEF "//-m/^:! m^y/.^^//y. . ^ '*y^'^f<^-yia6y.y'^fc/^MYd//u^^^^^^ ^ /a/i^f,j^^„rAe^^'i^i/^/m',,MA ^^^J^Jj^uM/ . .M'^/^-,,4.^,r//^y^ \ /A/, //,• fyUir"": ■ ^■■!<^'>';'r"r' 'try, ctrii/^ 3// ^^^Jf-vA^i^i -..//.y . -■■y^./4'fS(/v/m/(, ^^/^/^/-^itoZf ><^/43'^/^v3fe«^^ //i:^u/'//i^/-'nT/^ /Aim /W'n //^f. ^tAM/fCZ.a^,Y^Vi'w//'/(y X \ "• J ' Tr itp row i i r i aiy , ^ ^ ^. _ ■' //i,y/ ///yv/ /r/y/yyy/..-^^ - f' . - .^i^ ;^^l nrrO^-e^ ■ ^A.<^^^^ Je,^0ita^ ^^■^^.ii^ /M{>-r^ p^a^:^^ ^/^ .-^f^r /■y-i^■ 'C^^O),*^ o *^^ ^^ j.°-n*.. o « o '^-. A^^^, y^< .0 ^v ^^ .^ ^. 'UNS 80 ■ ■■" INDIANA 46962 0' ••^JJL*. ^o .-^^