< **** 8e>7 Title Imprint 7 S^G COMPLETE TREATISE ON THE MARE AND FOAL, AT THE TIME OF DELIVERY, WITH ILLUSTRATIONS. ALSO ON COWS AND CALVES, STALLION AND MARE. WHEN DISEASED BY tjioiiorrhea (cLAr) oi POx ALSO Diarrhea and CostirCiicss Jj CONRAD MITCHELL Vplksfreuiid, Print Middleburg, Pa. 1860 V Entered according to an Act of Cong re*, in the year 1869, by CONRAD MITCHELL, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Western District of Pennsylvania. INTRODUCTION. INTRODUCTION. Of all the beasts of the field, which we are told, the Lord formed out of the earth, and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them, none has more engaged the attention of the histo- rian and the philosopher — none has figur- ed more in poetry, in war and in love, than the horse. None of the writing, to which we could point the reader, contains more frequent mention, or more glowing descriptions of the power and beauty of the horse, than the great Book of Books. The Bible teaches us, that from what- ever land this animal may have been originally brought into Egypt, that coun- try had already become a great horse market, even before horses were known INTRODUCTION in Arabia, the country with which we ore- apt to associate all that is most interest" ing of this noble beast. Geological re. searches, however, have discovered fossil remains of the horse in almost every part of the world — from the tropical plains of India, to the frozen regions of Siberia — from the northern extremities of the new world, to the southern point of America. But among the Hebrews, horses were rare previous to the days of Solomon, who had horses brought out of Egypt, after his marriage with the daughter of Pharaoh, and so rapidly did he multiply them by purchase and by breeding, that those kept for his own use required, as it is written, ''four thousand stables, and forty thousand stalls." Hence, when honored by a visit from the beautiful queen of Sheba, bringing with her, camels bearing spices, and very much gold and precious stones, it was doubtless in the contemplat- ion of his magnificent stud of horses and chariots, kept for the amusement of his wives and concubines, as well as for his other vast displays of power and magni- ficence, that her majesty exclaimed, in INTRODUCTION. the fulness of her admiration : "How- beit, I believed notthe words, until I came and mine eyes had seen it, and behold the half was not told unto me." Veterinary science has also made great progress from that time down to the pre- sent, and in particular, in the last half century, the structure of the horse — in- juries and diseases to which lie is subject, and the treatment of these, have been investigated, in this country and abroad, with much diligence and success, both in colleges and in societies devoted to the cultivation of veterinary knowledge, and by practitioners, whose education and ex- perience render their observations worthy of great respect ; but notwithstanding all this, then.' has always been, to the present time, one point overlooked, which is of greater importance, than any one thai has ever been investigated. I refer here to a complete treatise on the Mare and Foal at the time of delivery. This has long been felt as a real want. Not a sin- gle engraving, illustrating this subject has ever been handed to the public, and very little has been written on the treat- t) VXTHOLl'tTIOX, ment of the mare and the fonl at the time of deliver)-. When the best authors come to this point, they say, "call in a veteri- nary Surgeon." But, I would ask, where is the veterinary Surgeon to obtain his information ? And yet, not only the sur- geon, but every farmer and breeder should possess a full knowledge of it The man that first enters the stable should be able to administer to the wants of the mare and the foal. There is no time to be lost — no time now to obtain information, or to proceed four or five miles for a surgeon. If all is right, in five minutes all will be well, but if a false position is presented, the first person that approaches the animal should be able to administer to the wants of thc # marean give it nourishment. At the same time another membrane or skin is formed around .the foal, in which are contained from four to six, jind even eight quarts of yellowish iKiid, which answers a twomld purpose: first, it prevents all friction between the foal and membrane, and se- condly, it assists in raising the foal from its locality. At the first throes of the mare, the action of the womb will cause the membrane or skin to protrude through the entrance of the womb, and the fluid will be forced into it, and the weight will assist in raising the foal, until it will be presented when the skin will break and the channel will be oponed for the foal to breath. 12 THE MARE PLATE II. The above Engraving presents the na- tural position of the foal in delivery. The two front feet will be presented first, and the muzzle or the nostrils will rest on AND FOAL. 43 the top of the legs, and the membrane or skin around the foal, spoken of in Plate T, will already protrude about two feet The hind legs will sink down more and more, until they will he stretched out be- hind horizontally. Sometimes one foot will raise up too high and be forced a- gainst the inside of the entrance. The hand should be introduced and the foot pushed back a few inches and then brought back into the channel. Sometimes the forehead will project against the upper part of the entrance, when the hand should be introduced, and hold should be taken back of the poll, with a downward pressure, the other hand to the muzzle to raise it up, and a gentle pull should be made, when all will be right in a few minutes. The cord running to the navel of the colt should be tied about one inch from the surface of the skin, then cut oft' about one inch from the string, or if no string is at hand, the cord should be press- ed very tightly between the thumb and the two first fingers of the hand for a few minutes, then cut off, and it will bleed no more. The colt should be drawn awav 14 THE MART. a few feet, but not toward the mure, as she should not be disturbed. The mare will lie down flat, apparenly dead, and will remain in this situation, five, ten, and even sometimes thirty minutes, ac- cording to the severity of the operation she has undergone. Suddenly she will raise her head, look .about the stable, lie down again, and roll three or four times on her back, but never over her back, which is done for the purpose of loosening the membrane or lining of the womb spoken of in Plate I, when she will rise up, go after her offspring, lick and dry it, after which the membrane -and the afterbirth will be discharged. When the colt is dry, it should be assisted to its mother to • obtain nourishment. Sometimes the membrane attached to the womb will remain fast, and in this manner retain the afterbirth. In this ease, bleeding from three to four quarts, and giving following dose of medicine in one pint of flaxseed tea is recommended, viz : 1 oz. Laudanum, 1 oz. sweet Spirits of JS'iter. This will correct everything in a few AND FOAL. 15 hours- In some extreme eases, the mem- brane, the afterbirth and the fluid con- tained with the foal remained in the womb after a complete separation from the womb, causing such a strong innamation, that some parts had began to mortify. I have bled copiously, and given one large ta- ble-spoonful of fever medicine, compo- sed of 4 oz. of Nitre, * " " Digitalis, \ " " Tartar Emetic, in one pint of Linseed tea, every three hours, and by means of a sj ringe, or bladder, with a clean piece of elder tied in the neck, I have injected into the womb from four to six quarts of Linseed tea, which caused a copious discharge of bloody matter from the womb, amounting some- times to a bucket full. In extraordinary eases, the purifying organs were overpow- ered and the mortified blood was carried through the whole system, and even then the marc recovered to a certain degree, until in about a week afterwards her hoofs came off, caused by the mortified blood, and she was accordingly destroyed. 16 THE MAKE PLATE III. The above Engraving represents a i'alde presentation. The two fore itet are pre- sented, and the head remains behind in the right flank of the mare. The opera- AND FOAL. 17 tor will be able to tell whether they arc the front or hind feet, by examining the knee joints. Now, a bowl containing two or three quarts of very warm water, with a large tablespoonful of very fine lard or linseed oil on the surface of the water, should be at hand. Under no circum- stances should a hand or arm be introduc- ed to the mare, unless first thoroughly warmed and greased, otherwise they are rank poison to the mare. After the arm is prepared, the fingers and thumb should be brought to a point, and should be in- troduced, following the channel, until the neck of the foal is reached at Fig. 1, when the full right hand should grasp the neck, the left hand being supported against the mare, when the operator should pull with all his strength, in order to draw the neck further up, when the hand should pass down along the neck, still drawing as it passes along, until reaching Fig. 2. the ear, when he can make good progress, until he can insert the middle finger in the eye, at which point he is able to raise the muzzle, Fig. 3, so far, that he may close his hand over it, and in a minute, 18 TT?E SlARt all will be right in the operation. But let no one suppose, that this is accom- plished in ten or fifteen minutes. Some- times it may, but in many instances, I have labored for an hour, and even two- and a half hours. In some cases, the severe exertion, and the heat of the mare, caused my arterial circulation to force so powerfully in my arm, that I was often afraid my veins would burst ; in this ease I would withdraw my arm for a min- ute or two, and then go to work again. In my entire practice, I have failed but in three cases, that of two mares and one eow, to accomplish my object. I was of- ten called, where two,- three, and even four men had been summoned before me, owing to the distance I lived away, and succeeded in every instance where others failed. I resolved not to fail in any case, but this determination proved disastrous to myself, inasmuch,, as I became subject to palpitation of the heart, so that I could not follow my business for more thai* twelve years,. AND FOAL. 119 PLATE IV Of the cases represented in Plate III., I had a large number ; of such as are pre- vented in Plate IV, only a few, of which J will describe onlv one. On the 1 3th 2D the make of June, 1854, I was called to the premi- ses of Mr. George Braucher, in Hartley township, Union county. In this case the hand and arm must be prepared, as already described, and insert ed to the elbow, Fig. 1. A great amount of force is required to raise the leg, until the knee joint is brought up. The left hand should then be warmed and greased by an assistant, and introduced, placing it on the knee-joint ; the right hand should then be passed down, grasp the foot, and tarn it backwards, when the left hand should press inward with great force, and with the right hand bring up the foot, keeping it turned backwards. When the foot is brought up, a rope should be at- tached to the lower jaw of the foal, when an assistant should take hold of the rope and pull in a slightly downward direc- tion ; in this way the foal will be deliv- ered with the greatest ease. Sometimes one shoulder will present itself, and the other will incline a little to the rear. Un- der such circumstances, too much force should not be employed; the foal should be turned sometimes from right to left, AND FOAL 21 and then again from left to right, fre- quently introducing the hand, and mov- ing it around the foal. In all cases the membrane or skin should be kept in its proper position around the foal, as this will greatly assist the work, and make it one of comparative ease. In the above case, the foal presented itself in the afternoon of the 12th, and all the knowing men of the neighborhood were summoned, and all of them labor- ed until night, when they were obliged to give it up and pronounce it a failure. — The next morning a messenger was sent for me. I arrived at the spot at half past ten o'clock, in the morning, and at twelve o'clock noon, I had the object accom- plished, and we sat down to a hearty din- ner. In December 1868, the mare was still alive. >>•) THE MARK PLATE Y th& the :>0 1 k day of April, 185-3, vflien about ready to retire to bed after a hard day's $rive, two messengers, Mr. B. Cra- mer, from Middlecreck, and Mr. Uriah AND FOAL. 2*y Berger, from Centre township, arrived at my house together. After some consid- eration, I concluded to accompany Mr. Berger, and on arriving, I found a foal, having presented itself as represented in the preceding Engraving. Before my arri- val, three men had exerted all their strength for an hour or more, to extract it, but having failed, they left before my arrival In this case, the mare is very restless, repeatedly rising up and lying down a- gain. It will require one man to attend to the head of the mare, and two men must take hold of the foal, raise it tip toward the tail of the mare, and bear in- wards with all their strength, when the operator must put all his force to one of the hind feet, and push that in at full arm's length ; the other side must be treated in the same manner. But let each one bear in mind, when the foal is moved inward, the mare will have pain and that she will bear towards you, so that sometimes but little is accomplished. We labored faithfully from eleven o'clock until one, when i took a mid- 24 THE MA UK night meal and departed for Middlecre^k township. In some cases of the above kind, how- ever, I had accomplished my object in much less time, than in this one. AND FOAL. lO PLATE VI. On the 5th of May, 1855, I was called to the premises of John Deabler, in Beaver township, Snyder county, where I found a fonl presenting the tail, as represented 26 THK MARE in Plate VI. Presentations of this kind occur but rarely. In this case the opera- tor must prepare his hand and arm as be- fore stated, and introdnce it, taking hold over the stifle-joint at Fig. 1, then, by a strong effort, pull upward slipping his hand down to Pig. 2, when he must draw- up the knee-joint as far as possible; then place the left hand on the knee joint, and pass the right hand down to Fig. 3, the foot, grasp it firmly, and l>end it back- ward, at the same time pulling upward, and with left the hand bearing inward, when the foot will yield in a moment. The other side must be dealt with in the tame manner. AX1> l'OAI.. PLATE VII. The above Engraving represents the ibal with the hind feet foremost. They will generally be projected against the upper part of the entrance. It is be*t 28 THE MARE to extract them in this position, as turn- ing them. is almost impossible. The head will remain so far behind, that it cannot be reached. By keeping the membrane or skin properly over the foal, there will be but little difficulty experienced in ex- tracting it The foal should sometimes be drawn downward toward the feet of the mare, and then upwards towards, the tail, frequently turning it half way round, and then back again. The foal will necessarily be dead. Many cases of this kind will occur in •a neighborhood in the course of twenty vears. AND FOAL. 29 PLATE VIIL The above Engraving represents a foal which has died from some cause or other about nine days ago, the mare wanting tho proper pains to deliver it. The foal -jO thi: maim: is now bloated to such an extent, that it is in a condition to rupture the womb, and the hand can notjbe passed around the foal. It is an utter impossibility to extract it in the usual way. The opera- tor must procure a knife, very straight in the blade, from twelve to fifteen inches in length, wrap the whole blade in a piece of muslin, take the point of the knife in his left hand, turning the edge downward, put his hand in the entrance of the womb and run it down until he reaches the chest of the foal. He must then intro- duce the right hand, grasp the handle, and hold it firm ; then with the left hand lie will slip the muslin from the blade, and with the first linger of the left hand find the spot where the windpipe come* out of the chest. After the point of the knife is set, the right hand must force the blade, to its full length if possible, through the Diaphragm, and then with- draw it. The left hand must retain its hold upon the muslin during the entire operation, and as the blade is witdrawn from the foal, it must again be earelully wrapped around the knife, the left hand \>M> FOAL $1 seizing the point in the same manlier as when it was introduced. After the arm holding the knife i.-< withdrawn, a very nauseous gas will escape, and in a short time the front feet may be reached, then the head, after which the operation will proceed as described in the foregoing page. . ;V2 THE 31 A TIE PLATE IX, On the 20th day of May, 1854, I wan railed to the field of Mr. Sein Schoch, of New Berlin, Union county, Pa., where 1 found a mare in the act of foaling, in A.\"t> FOAL. which the foal presented the four feet at once. These eases are of rare occurrence, and it is well for the veterinary Surgeon, or his life would be a brief one. I nev- er injured myself at any work to a great- er extent, than I did in treating these cases. Sometimes the hoofs will only protrude from the entrance, leaving the whole body of the foal in a curved position the head being turned backward, as des- cribed in the foregoing Engraving. The head should be brought forward, but I always found it impossible in every case of this description, to accomplish this. A cord must be looped around the hind legs, to avoid losing them ; then the four legs must be put back again as far as possible, and the foal must be turned, in order to get the head down and the back up. If an effort was made to extract the foal as it is presented, the back would come in below, and the operation would be impossible ; but if it is properly turn- ed, it may be extracted in the same man- ner, as those which present only the hind THE MARE feet, as already described. These cases require more aid than any others that I have ever treated. Two or three men are should take hold of the mare's head and neck, to keep her down, otherwise she will plunge about fearfully. One or two men should assist the Surgeon, as the ef- fort required for this operation is so great that one man is soon exhausted. Two and three hours are often required to accomplish the object in these cases, but I have succeeded in every one of them in preserving the mare alive. THE COW 35 THE COW AND CALF. The average period of gestation in the :;P> the cow cow is 270 days ; the shortest 120 days ? and the longest 313 days. The calf is placed in the same position, and in the same side of the cow, as is the foal in the mare. Mai -presentations of calves are treated in the same manner as thase of the foal, with this advantage, that calves will live much longer than the foal. I have had cases, where I extracted the calf twenty-four hours after they were raised, and delivered them alive and sound. About two weeks before calving, the cow should have, in addition to her ordi- nary food, a half pint of rye, evening and morning, as that is a sure means of taking the cleaning right after the deliv- ery of the calf. Should this be neglect- ed, she should be slopped with two quarts of wheat bran and half a teacupful of flaxseed, twice a day. If the cleaning does not come off' on the third day, it should be twisted back of the cow's shape, until it becomes a solid cord, when a small knife enclosed in the hand should be introduced into the womb, and the cord cut off about fifteen inches from the en- AND CALF. 37 trance. This is about all that -will in- commode the cow ; the other will pass off about the ninth day, and the cow will be all right. Should the cow have in- flammation in the udder, or any other place, she should be drenched with one lb. of Epsom Salts. The horns should be examined, and if they are sometimes warm and then cold again, a hole should be bored through them, about two inches from the head, and the back of the cow should be fomented with very strong salt- water ; the tail should be slit on both sides about an inch and a .half In ex- treme cases a charge should be boiled, and spread on the loins, consisting of 1 pint of tar, 2 oz. Rosin, 2 oz. Beeswax. After the charge is spread on, it should be covered with tow or wool. Calves will sometimes, on account of the cow's milk being burned, have a se- vere Diarrhea. When this is the case they should be drenched with milk from the cow, containing one large tablespoonful 38 THE cow. of wheat flour, and half a teaspoonful of finger. Should this not be sufficient, opium may be added to it the size of two Grains of wheat. CLAP OR POX. 41 CLAP OR POX. On the 7th day of June, 1853, a Stal- lion was brought under my observation, owned by Christian Kerr, of Centre town- ship, then Union county, which had ten distinct ulcers on his penis, varying in size from a pea to a dime. These ulcers were accompanied with a discharge, some- times bloody, emitting a very disagreea- ble odor, that was perceptible at a dis- tance of three or four rods. The attend- ant of this horse, noticed these ulcers about five days previous to the time I was consulted, when the marks were very small. He remarked to me, that "peo- ple declined to allow his horse to cover their mares, stating, that he was diseased with the pox." And I actually found this to be the case. I dressed the horse, and seut him a way. That night I examined all the works 42 CLAP veterinary Science that I could command^ and found but a single one that made the least mention of the disease, but giving neither the cause or treatment of it. In less than a week, I had over twenty mares to attend, that were affected by the horse. I treated the horse and mares accord- ing to the best of my judgment, having first obtained the advice of an eminent human Physician, and I soon became perfect master of the disease, and saved all but two mares that were placed under my care. I found, that where the dis- ease had taken deep root and entered the system, every effort to save the animal was in vain, and hence, I am satisfied, that where the disease has been suffered to go unchecked, until it became so deep- ly rooted as to vitiate the whole system, it is incurable. \>n pox. CAUSE, 43 Mares will sometimes get in .seasou. 'early in the spring, when they will dis- charge a thin, whitish fluid, resembling bluish milk, of a glutinous nature, but very clean. If the mare does not be- come pregnant until the latter part of May or the beginning of June, this fluid will change into a mattery state, and will affect the parts in the region of the womb to such an extent as to cause rawness and inflammation. A mare, that, is in a condition as des- cribed above, is very apt to communicate to the horse covering her, the disease of Oonnorhcea, or Clap, especially if such horse be permitted to cover from five, twelve and fifteen mares a day, where another horse, covering only once every few days will escape unharmed. The reason of this is evident; the penis of 44 CLAP OK POX. the one covering so many mares, becomes very tender and almost transparent, so as almost to cause the blood to shine through it. Another instance in which a horse is apt to become diseased, is, when he is suffered to cover a mare on the ninth day after she has undergone the process of foaling. At this period there is still a a discharge of bloody matter, which is very apt to generate clap in an animal of the opposite sex. DISEASES, &C. 45 DESCRIPTION OF DISEASE. Sometimes there will appear on the penis of the Stallion, small white blotch- es, on the surface of the skin, from the size of a pins head to that of a grain of wheat, which, on the following day will be double in size. On the third or fourth day, a pea might be set in the ulcers, which will emit an offensive odor, and which will spread with great rapidity. In the mare blotches will appear on the shape, of a deep red color, apparent- ly eaten through the surface of the skin, which will enlarge very rapidly. In a day or two, small tumors will appear, extending from the shape in a downward direction to the hams. These tumors are of different sizes, varying from that of a pea to that of a half gallon crock. They a re of a very virulent nature, very oft- en causing a painful rawness in the en- t ranee to the womb, and exfpndinir from one to one and a half inches. 4f) TREATMENT, TREATMENT, The Stallion should be brought out to a fence, and a mare should be placed on the other side of the fence, distant about one rod. This will cause the Stallion to present his penis. A clean crock should be in readiness, containing two ounces of chloride of lime, and two quarts of luke- warm water. There should also be on hand a teacup, containing a stem of ni- trate of silver one fourth of an inch in length, which should be pulverized and dissolved in tablespoonful of water. An- other teacup should be at hand, contain- ing one teaspoonful of tincture of myrrh. In the crock there should be a sponge the size of an ordinarv apple, with a small stick tied to it. Each of the cups should be provided with a small pencil, made of soft muslin, about the size of a quill. The operator should now draw on a t,\ui' of leather gloves, and siezo the penis TREATMENT. 47' at the point with the left hand, and with the right hand, take the sponge and wash off the whole penis, from one end to the other. Then stir up the cup containing the nitrate of silver, take the pencil and anoint all the spots or marks on the pe- jus ; then follow with the tincture of myrrh. This operation should be accomplished in less than fifteen minutes, and the ap- plication should be made twice a day. The mare should be brought out with a blind bridle and collar on, and tied with the head to a post. The tail should be doubled up and a rope looped around it r and it should be drawn on the back and the rope tied to the collar. Then the whole shape should be washed off with the solution of chloride of lime ; then anoint the marks with the nitrate of sil- ver, and also with the tincture of myrrhs At each operation these preparations should be introduced about one and half inches within the shape. Should any tumors have made their appearance, they must be dressed in tin same manner. If thev are large and 48 TREATMENT. soft, they should be cut open and then dressed in the same way. The foregoing disease has sometimes re- appeared in other animals for four years following my treatment of the above cases but by always bringing them promptly to my notice, I succeeded invariably in checking it, so that it never came to the same state as before. COSTIVENESS. 49 COSTIVENESS IN COLTS. Sometimes colts which are foaled early in the Spring, owing to the dry food of the mare, will become so costive, that they will inevitably die, if not relieved. As a general thing, this costiveness is confined to the rectum. To relieve the colt, it should be drench- ed with half a teacupful of milk from the mare, which should contain Barbadoes Aloes, the size of a grain of corn, pul- verized, and about an equal amount of ginger, every six hours ; at the same time an injection should be prepared, as fol- lows : take one quart of wheat bran, and pour on it three quarts of boiling water. When cold draw off the liquid, add one ^teacupful of sweet milk, half a teacupful of molasses. Then by means of a syringe inject this composition into the rectum. Or, if a syringe cannot be procured, a U& COSTlVENfeS. bladder with a clean piece of elder tied! in the neck of it may be introduced into- the rectum. In a few minutes after, a finger should be inserted in the rectum r when a small ball of excrement may be taken out, about the size of a hickory- nut. I have often taken out twelve and fourteen such balls in the course of twen- ty minutes. After this no more medicine is needed. DIARKHCEA. ~>1 diarrhcea. Sometimes, the mare being fed tew strong on rye chop feed, corn., or mow- b u rued oats, or being overworked, the milk gets too strong, causing a very severe diarrhoea in the colt. This will so much exhaust the colt, that it will die in a week or two. Treatment. — If occasioned by feed- ing rye chop, or any of the above named causes, discontinue the use of them, and substitute good oats and hay, and give the colt, in half a teacupful of milk from the mare : One tableopoonful of wheat flour, Opium, the size of two grains of wheat. Ginger, half a teaspoon ful, every six hours, until it will sere. Should the colt have pain, which will be exhibit- ed by lying down and attempting to roll en its back, and groaning incessantly, the 52 DIARRHCKA. the treatment should be changed. Take half a teacupful of milk from the mare, One large teaspoonful of laudanum, " " " sweet spirits nitre, " " " spirits turpentine, every three hours, until relief is obtained. Or, boil very strong mint tea, and give two large tablespoonfuls every hour un- til relieved. FEEBLE COLTS. 53 FEEBLE COLTS. Sometimes colts are very feeble when foaled. The cause may be attributed to the atmosphere, or rather to an epidemic peculiar to some localities. Many are brought forth so weak, that they are not able to rise without assistance. A con- stant dropping of water from the navel may be percievable, and the colt becomes so much enfeebled that death will short- ly ensue. CAUSE. Sometimes after death, on examination, the liver was found to be decayed ; at other times the kidneys. Sometimes a blister will be found on one side of the lungs, the size of a hen's egg f and as clear as crystal, and filled with a fluid. At other times it is nothing but a general de- bility of the system. ®4 TREATMENT. TREATMENT. The colt should be drenched with hall a teacupful of milk from the mare, which should .contain , 2 teaspoonful of Ginger, 1 tablespoonful of the best grape wine. A charge should be spread on the loins which should consist of J lb. of Tar, 1 oz. of Kosin, 1 oz. of Beeswax, boiled into pitch, the whole covered with tow or wool, and the colt should be well attended to. They will sometimes recov- er in a few days. One came under my observation, that recovered after live weeks, and was sold for an extra price four years afterwards. WOUNDS, '>> CURE OF WOUND8. Horses are sometime? exposed to much clanger, and will sometimes receive the most extraordinary wounds. For the last ten years I have used very little else. than a solution of the chloride of Lime, It is a sufe means of keeping out cold and inflammation. First clean the wound from all filthy matter, and bring it into a healthy state, and in this manner nature will heal it as soon as the best ointment in the world. Take chloride of Lime, 2 oz., dissolve it in 2 quarts of lukewarm water. Then wash out the wound o-nce a day. If it is deep and runs, a syringe should be at hand in order to force the composition to every part of it in the inside. Should proud flesh spring up at the entrance of the wound, pulverized blue vitro! should be applied. In twenty-four hours after the application, you can rub oft from one fourth to <>ne half inch. Apply it again, 56 WOUNDS. until it gets below the surface of skin, then apply a little tincture of myr HINTS ABOUT FATTENING HOC Give your hogs an abundance of civ coal. If any should be foundered, ta 2 ounces of Nitre, (salt-peter,) 1 oui of Barbadoes Aloes, pulverize it v« fine, and give the one fourth part oi every six hours. HINTS ABOUT SHEEP. Keep your sheep out of clover pastu; Scant blue grass is the pasture for she< | Salt once a week. Kaisethe floor of yc fold from four to six feet above the groui board it only on three sides, and simj lath it on the south side, and your she will be healthy and without distemper. Errata — On page eleven, in the iil line, instead of "entrance," read "whole finis.