LIBRARY OF CONGRESS DDDl c 13a3?ia LIBRA IOUGRESS. Shell 1 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. The Two Great fluies at Gettpburj, Being Chapters I, II and III GETTYSBURG AND ITS MONUMENTS, By J. Howard Wert, A. M., Late Lieutenant of Pennsylvania Volunteers, Principal Boys' High School of Harrisburg, AUTHOR OF HANDBOOK OF GETTYSBURG, POEMS OF CAMP AND HEARTH, MYSTIC LEAGUE OF THREE, ALECTO AND EBONY, FIVE YEARS IN THE GRAVE, &C, &C, &C. HARRISBURG, PA. HARRISBURG PUBLISHING COMPANY. 1890. This Book will be mailed, by the Author, to any address on receipt of Five Cents. ..53 Copyright, 1890, By J. Howard Wkrt. ANNOUNCEMENT. HE Author was the first historian of the Gettysburg battle-field to combine the story of the mighty con- flict with the monumental adornments which commemorate the heroism of those who there fought for the Starry Flag. This work appeared in 1886. Its large sales attested its popularity. The Author was happy to receive the warm commendations of hundreds of competent judges as to the excellence of the work. Having been thus recognized as the Historian of the Gettysburg Monuments, he has, ever since, as the work of beautifying the field has gone graridty on, continued to col- lect the material from which to form a Complete History of the Battle and All its Monuments, as soon as the work of decoration shall be substantially completed. This book will probably be issued early in 1891. He here presents the three opening chapters, in which will be found- a Systematized Eoster of information in regard to the composition of the "Army of the Potomac" and the "Army of Northern Virginia " that will be found, by all who are interested in the field, invaluable for reference. The completed work will contain a fine engraving of every Monument on the field, grouped in full page plates. Gener- ally the monuments of a brigade will form a page group. The chapters discussing the relative numbers present in each army and relative losses will be more complete than anything on those subjects that has appeared in any pre-\ vious work. J. Howard Wert, Nov. U, 1890. Harrisburg, Pa. Gapt. Jas. T- Ixoi^g, tjttye G^ide aijd Delineator, Makes daily tours over the entire Battlefield, and gives a full description of the battle from all points of inter- est. Universally endorsed by the press and public. Author of " Gettysburg— How the Battle was Fought." N. B.— Large delegations arranged for at short notice. Personal attention given to all parties com- mended to his charge. Address Gettysburg, Pa. CHAPTER I. Introductory. — Battle-Field Memorial Association. — Importance of the Battle. No battle-field of the Great Rebellion, none indeed of the world's history, is so visited yearly as is that of Gettysburg. But, great as has been the influx in the past, the tide has but fairly commenced. The future will behold visitors from every por- tion of the United States and the civilized world in numbers far surpassing what has yet been. There are several reasons for this. Each year deepens the ap- preciation of the fact that here was decided the destiny of the mightiest nation of history ; that this field was the turning-point of a war, the most remarkable and most important in its effects upon the future, of any the world has ever witnessed. Another reason for the constant increase of visitors, is the unsurpassed beauty of the situation and surroundings, and the improved fa- cilities recently afforded for reaching the famous battle-ground. The continually increasing National interest in this National Mecca led to the erection of hundreds of beautiful monumental memorials of the fierce strife. When once the work had been commenced, it was pushed forward with great rapidity and energy. The more the field was decorated with these works of art, the more powerful became the impulse of the traveler and patriot to visit or revisit the field of glory ; for, on no other battle-field of the world are so many monumental indications of the posi- tions of the various commands of the victorious army. Gettys- burg has become the World's Monumental Battle-Field. 26 MONUMENTAL GETTYSBURG. As State after State and regiment after regiment went into the work of erecting monuments, beautiful in conception, artistic in design and-priceless in historic value, other States and regi- ments and batteries were impelled to vie with their comrades in the work of decoration and designation. State and regimental pride was aroused to tell the world the story of the valor of the Army of the Potomac ; so that now the battle-field of Gettysburg presents one continuous and unbroken chain of grandly executed works of art to perpetuate to unborn generations the positions of the three hundred and sixty organizations of the Union army that participated in a battle the most important on which the the sun ever shone. By babbling streams and amidst waving grain and grassy mead, marble and granite and brass blazon foith the heroism and commemorate the deeds of those who fought and of those who fell for union firm and undissolved. As the momentous interests involved in the battle of Gettys- burg, the magnitude of the hazard and the priceless results of the victory, are yearly more clearly appreciated, interest in all that pertains to the contest is ever increasing. All the varied movements of that fierce, terrific combat of giant armies led by giant minds, will continue, for ages, to be the subject of close in- vestigation and careful study. As a natural result of this fact, a vast amount of literature about the great struggle and the grounds upon which it was waged, has been issued from the press in every conceivable form. No battle of ancient or modern times has been so frequently de- scribed, and yet each new account of the whole or a portion of the contest finds eager readers. This literature has been of a varied character. Some of the most sublime word-paintings of the language are vivid portrayals of the great battle by eloquent writers, who saw the terrific panorama pass before their eyes, or W. W. TIPTOE, he J|Satfelefield|^h0t;©^rtapheif, g~(^ambersbur| Street, - Settysburg, pa. Headquarters for anything and everything in the way of Photographs of the Battlefield of Gettysburg, Souvenir Albums, Lantern Slides, Guide-Books and Maps. © q $ $ $ Photographs in every size of all Monuments on the field and of every point of interest. q $ $ Just issued, "GETTYSBURG BATTLEFIELD VIEWS," a new Dol- lar Souvenir Album, (double size,) containing 337 views of field and all monuments, arranged by States, with map. Agents wanted in every town, Post, and Camp. Send one dollar for sample copy and terms to agents. Address mt. h:. TIPTON, Gettysburg, Pa. 28 MONUMENTAL GETTYSBURG. who bravely mingled in the fray. On the other hand we have had attempted descriptions, weak in wording and grossly inac- curate in facts. As the writer, during the three fierce days of conflict of July, 1863, saw for miles along . right and left and centre, rows of heaped and mangled dead, he felt that the story of such valor should be perpetuated to the ages in the most tangible form. During the succeeding months of the hospital period, as he daily wandered over the different portions of the field, that feeling was strengthened. When, each succeeding summer, he renewed these old associations and strolled again and again over familiar scenes, it became so intensified, that it was to him a most grate- ful task to chronicle, a few years since, the commencement of the monumental adornment. He now gladly presents the consum- mation of a work which shall render Gettysburg a durable study to both soldier and civilian for all the ages of the future. This is a new and untrodden field of investigation. We pro- pose to give the reader a brief, but accurate description of all the monuments now dotting and adorning the peaceful plains and hill-slopes, once the scene of ruthless death, in a conflict that shook the earth and veiled the heavens with the smoke that arose from the carnival of carnage. We desire to present briefly the inception of the movement that led to the erection of these monuments, and the manner in which the conception was carried out by the various States. In passing from monument to. monument, we will clearly indicate the positions of the different commands and state the interesting points of the conflict con- nected with each location, endeavoring, in this way, to present a complete history of all the varied, shifting scenes of the battle, topographically arranged. INTRODUCTORY. 29 This work is not penned to glorify anyone at the expense of others equally brave and equally worthy. It is a matter of re- gret that, too often, in the Union armies, the heart-burnings and jealousies of various commanders and others in authority were permitted to retard the march of the Federal cohorts to victory. It is high time that acrimonious and undignified recrimina- tions were dropped, and those who indulge in them frowned into obscurity. Let personal jealousies no longer be perpetuated. The martyred Lincoln beautifully said, in his own inimitable way ; " There is glory enough at Gettysburg to go all round." Believing with him, the author of this work intends to write history, not personal quarrels. Standing where the sod has been soaked with a sacrifice as sacred to God and humanity as that at Gettysburg, it would be impious to snatch the laurel wreath from any heroic brow. And — writing history — it will be the aim of this work to pre- sent fully the operations and deeds of valor of the Southern army ; for, thus, only, can the achievements of the Army of the Potomac be fully appreciated. The victory of Meade and his men shines all the more brightly, as we faithfully portray the efficiency and bravery of the Southern soldiery. They fought in a " Lost Cause." A reunited nation thanks God that such was the result. But, historic justice to both armies requires a full and faithful presentation of the military ability of the Southern leaders and the impetuous daring with which their men fought during the three days that have rendered the name of Gettysburg immortal. The Battle-field Memorial Association. The Battle-field Memorial Association has done a noble work in preserving the essential landmarks of the great conflict. It 30 MONUMENTAL GETTYSBURG. was incorporated by the Legislature of Pennsylvania, April 30, 1864. For years its active workers labored arduously, amid many discouragements, to make their aims generally known, and direct public and national interest to the preservation of the grounds as they were at the time of the bloody conflict Now, however, they have the satisfaction of enjoying a Nation's ap- probation. The Association has pressed steadily forward till it now controls for perpetual preservation all the prominent historic spots and great battle -centres of the field. It owns all or the greater por- tion of East Cemetery Hill, Culp's Hill, Spangler's Spring and the adjacent flats bordering on Rock Creek, Ziegler's Grove, the two Round Tops, the Wheat-field with adjacent groves and woods of the Rose farm, the grove where General Reynolds fell, the main battle-line of the first day on Seminary and adjacent ridges and through the Alms-house farm, as well as the entire Union line of battle of the left and left centre of the second and third days, being a total of about 450 acres. It also has the care of 40 acres at Devil's Den and the vicinity, the property of General S. Wylie Crawford, who fought over this ground with his Pennsylvania Reserves, and purchased it immediately after the battle. All this, however, is, relatively, but a small portion of the thirty square miles of territory over which surged for three days the crimson waves of the battle's appalling torrent * It was under the auspices of the Association that all the mon- umental structures have been reared. It has opened up 12 miles of finely constructed avenues to reach the prominent points of historic interest. The States have generously aided its work by appropriations. Pennsylvania has given $36,000 ; New York, $20,000; Ohio and Massachusetts, each $5,000 ; New Jer- *The uiaiu infantry operations alone covered twenty-five square miles. McClellan * House, GETTYSBURG, FjPl. Simon J. Diller, Proprietor. GOOD LIVERY ATTACHED. Visitors to the Battlefield supplied with first-class Teams and intelligent Guides. Headquarters for League of American Wheelmen. Heated throughout with Steam. RATES, $2 per day. Convenient to both Railroads. Free Bus to and from all Trains. 32 MONUMENTAL GETTYSBURG. sey, $3,000; Maine, Connecticut, and Michigan, each $2,500; Vermont and Wisconsin, each $1,500; New Hampshire, Rhode I.-land, Maryland, and Minnesota, each $1,000; Delaware, $500. Amongst its many energetic workers stands out conspicuously, for his untiring efforts, Col. John B. Bachelder, of Massachusetts, who has, ever since 1863, made this field a constant study, until he literally knows every inch of its surface. His interest in the objt cts of the association has never faltered. He has done more than any one man to direct national attention to Gettysburg. Great praise is also due Sergeant Nicholas G. Wilson, the ef- ficient local superintendent of the grounds. Amongst other ef- ficient local members may be mentioned Col. C. H. Buehler, vice-president; John M. Krauth, Esq., secretary ; J. Lawrence Schick, treasurer ; and Jacob A. Kitzmiller, Esq. The Governor of Pennsylvania is, ex-ofricio, president of the association. Many of the prominent officers who participated in the battle are or have been on the board of directors, includ- ing such men, as Generals Hancock, Slocum, Graham, Robinson, Stannard, Crawford, Fairchild, Barnum, Louis Wagner and Chas. L. Young, Col. Chill W. Hazzard, and Capt. Wm. E. Mil- ler, of Carlisle, Pa. The genial John M. Vanderslice has been conspicuous for his interest in the Association. ' One of its most active and energetic laborers, Vice-President David A. Buehler, Esq., of Gettysburg, died January, 1887. It is safe to say that had it not been for his persistent and wisely dm cted efforts, the work of the Association would not have been the complete success which we are now recording. The Importance of the Gettysburg Battle. Gettysburg was the greatest battle of the war. It was the only great battle fought on free soil. Gettysburg and Vicksburg IMPORTANCE OF THE BATTLE. 33 marked the turning-point of the rebellion. At Gettysburg, Southern valor reached its highest swell of daring, and from this point it ebbed until it reached the surrender of Appomattox. Had Shiloh or Stone River, Antietam or Chancellorsville, Bull Run or Fredericksburg gone differently, nothing would have been thereby decided. Had Gettysburg gone differently, we would, probably, have been two nations instead of one. In many respects Gettysburg resembles Waterloo ; but it was greater, more fiercely fought, and more momentous in its results. In the Union army, five generals were killed and fifteen wounded. In the Southern army, six were killed and thirteen w T ounded. Meade lost one-fourth of his mighty host; Lee, more than one-third. Of the Union loss, in a war which raged for four years over a territory the extremities of which were dis- tant thousands of miles — a war which included 892 fierce en- gagements — one-nineteenth fell at Gettysburg. Were every soul, from the babe just born to the octogenarian, in a city the size of Harrisburg, suddenly blotted out of existence or prostrated with disease, the number would scarcely equal the killed and wounded of the two armies on this one field. One-eighteenth of the free population of the U. S , able to bear arms, fought at Gettysburg. Ponder over these facts: grasp them, if you can. ■ 34 MONUMENTAL GETTYSBURG. CHAPTER II. Composition and Commanders of the Union Army. — The Sub-Divisions Engaged and their Officers. — The States Represented. — The Mode of Organization of the Different Arms of the Service. [Note. — Chapters II and III can be omitted by those who wish to pass directly on to the story of the battle and its monuments. Unless, however, already familiar with the sub-divisions of the two great armies, it would be well for all who wish to carefully study and to clearly understand the conflict, to give them an attentive perusal, and to refer to them, in connection with the description of each part of the fight.] The Battle of Gettysburg was fought, July 1st, 2d, and 3d, 1863, between the Federal "Army of the Potomac" and the Con- federate "Army of Northern Virginia," composed of troops from States in rebellion against the United States. The Army of the Potomac Eighteen States were represented at Gettysburg, in the Union army, by 236 regiments of infantry, (or more properly by 236 infantry organizations of various sizes from a company to a regiment,) 34 regiments or parts of regiments of calvary, and 47 batteries of artillery. There were, in addition, 13 regiments of infantry, 4 of cavalry, and 26 batteries of the U. S. regular army; making a total of 360 organizations. army of the potomac. Tabulated Roster. 35 States. e»1 «4_ o o o . to >> cc .* >> C £ 0) v g r the information of those who have come upon the theatre of life since the stormy days when military terms were household words, it might be said that each division was com- posed of a variable number of brigades : sometimes, two; oftener, three ; sometimes, four. The number of regiments that were combined to form a brigade also varied. The Infantry Brigades and their Commanders. In the 19 divisions of infantry of the Potomac Army present at Gettysburg, there were 51 brigades. Seven of the divisions had two brigades; eleven, had three; and one, had four. Al- though theoretically commanded by brigadier-generals, but twenty-five were thus commanded, twenty-six being under the leadership of colonels. First Corps Brigades. In the First division, the First brigade was the celebrated Iron Brigade, composed of Western troops. Its commander, Brigadier General Solomon Meredith,* was wounded in the en- gagement, as was also his successor, Col. Henry A. Morrow, of the 24th Michigan. He was succeeded by Col. Wm. W. Robin- son, of the 7th Wisconsin. Its regiments were 19th Indiana, 24th Michigan, 2d, 6th, and 7th Wisconsin. The Second brigade was commanded by Brigadier-General Lysander Cutler, of Maine. Twice wounded subsequent to Gettysburg, Cutler died at Mil. ^General Meredith was born in North Carolina, and was the first colonel of the 19th Indiana. He was six feet, six inches in height. Of his three sons, all were in the Union army, and two lost their lives in the service. 42 MONUMENTAL GETTY BURG. waukee, 1866. His regiments were 7th Indiana, 56th Penn- sylvania, 76th, 84th, 95th, and 147th New York. In the Second division, the First brigade had four cornmaud- ers, in succession, wounded. Its commander was Brigadier-Gen- eral Gabriel S. Paul, of Missouri, who was, on the first day, left on the field for dead. He was totally blind ever afier, dying in the city of Washington, 1886. He was succeeded by Col. Samuel H. Leonard, of the 13th Mass.; he, by Col. Adrian R. Root, of the 94th N. Y.; he, by Col. Dick Coulter, of the 11th Penna.; and he, by Col. Peter Lyle. Its regiments were 16th Maine, 13th Massachusetts, 94th, 104th New York, and 107th Pennsylvania. The Second brigade was commanded by Brigadier- General Henry Baxter, of New York. Its regiments were 12th Massa- chusetts, 83d, 97th New York, 11th, 88th, and 90th Pennsylvania. The 11th was, on the afternoon of the first day, transferred to the First brigade. Baxter died, Dec. 30, 1873. In the Third division, the First brigade was commanded by Brigadier-General Thomas A. Rowley ; Col. Chapman Biddle, of the 121st Pennsylvania, commanding on the first day, when Rowley commanded the division, and also, the third day, after Rowley was wounded. Its regiments were 80th New York, 121st, 142d, and 151st Pennsylvania. The Second brigade of. three Pennsylvania regiments (143d, 149th, and 150th) was commanded by Col. Roy Stone. After he fell wounded, Col. Langhorne Wister, of the 150th, took command, who, being also wounded, was succeeded by Col. Edmund L. Djna of the 143d. The Third brigade of five Vermont regiments (12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th) was commanded by Brigadier-General George J. Stan- nard, who was severely wounded on the third day and succeeded by Col. Francis V. Randall, of the 13th. Gen. Stannard was wounded several times during the war. He died at Washing- ton, D. C, June 1st, 1886. This brigade, sent from the defences (jetty sbdrg & 4H[arrisbarg The direct line between Harrisburg and Gettysburg, and connecting at Harrisburg with Pennsylvania R. R. from all points. Ttyree Trails D a ily E xce P* S^day. The universal interest and the large number of visitors at the Battlefield has induced the railroad companies to place excursion tickets on sale, by this route only, in winter as well as summer, you will always be able to secure low rates. Any information desired by those who contemplate a visit to Gettysburg will be cheerfully furnished upon application. W. H. WOODWARD, Carlisle, Pa., Nov. 18, J 890. Superintendent. 44 MONUMENTAL GETTYSBURG. of Washington, did not join the army until after the first day's fight. The 13th, 14th, and 16th were engaged the second day, and also on the third day, in the repulse of Pickett's charge, where they won an undying reputation by their brilliant and effective work. They had never before been under fire. Second Corps Brigades. In the First division were four brigades. The first was com- manded by Col. Edward Ephraim Cross, of the 5th New Hamp- shire, who was killed and succeeded by Col. H. Boyd McKeen, of the 81st Pennsylvania. Its regiments were 5th New Hampshire, 61st New York, 81st, and 148th Pennsylvania. The Second bri- gade was commanded by Col. Patrick Kelly, of the 88th New York. This was the celebrated Irish Brigade, originally com- manded by the gallant Meagher. Its regiments were 28th Mas- sachusetts, 116th Pennsylvania, 63d, 69th, and 88th New York. The Third brigade was commanded by Brigadier-General Samuel Kosciusko Zook, of Pennsylvania, who was killed on the second day at the Wheat-fiyld. So terribly had the brigade suffered that, when Gen. Zook fell, the ranking officer was Lieut. Col. John Frazer, of the 140th Pennsylvania. Its regiments were 140th Pennsylvania, 52d, 57th, and 66th New York. The Fourth bri- gade was commanded by Col. John R. Brooke, of the 53d Penn- sylvania, who was wounded. It regiments were 27th Connecti- cut, 2d Delaware, 64th New York, 53d, and 145th Pennsylvania. In the Second division, the First brigade was commanded by Brigadier-General William Harrow, and, when he took command of the division, by Col. Francis E. Heath, of the 19th Maine. Its regiments were 19th Maine, 15th Massachusetts, 1st Minne- sota, with Second company Minnesota Sharpshooters attached, and 82d New York. The Second, the celebrated Philadelphia Brigade, was commanded by Brigadier- General Alexander S. INFANTRY BRIGADES. 45 Webb, a New Yorker, who was wounded during Pickett's charge of the third day. Its regiments were 69th, 71st, 72d, and 106th Pennsylvania* The Third brigade was commanded by Col. Norman J. Hall, of the 7th Michigan. Its regiments were 7th Michigan, 19th, 20th Massachusetts, 42d., and 59th New York. In the Third division, the First brigade was commanded by Col. Samuel Sprigg Carroll, of the 8th Ohio. Its regiments were 7th We>t Virginia, 14th Indiana, 4th, and 8th Ohio. The Second brigade was commanded by Col. Thomas A. Smyth of the 1st Delaware, who, being wounded, was succeeded by Lieut. Col. Pram is E. Pierce, of the 108th New York. Its regi- ments were 14th Connecticut, 1st Delaware, 12th New Jersey, 108' 1), and 10th New York, the latter being only a battalion. At the head of the Third brigade, consisting of four New York regi- ments, (39th, 111th, 125th, and 126th) Col. George L. Willard of the 125th and Col. Eliakim Sherrillof ttie 126th were, in succes- sion, killed, the command finally devolving on the highest sur- viving officer, Lieut. Col. James M. Bull, of the 126th. Third Corps Brigades. In the First division, the First brigade of six Pennsylvania regiments (57th, 63d, 68th, 105th, 114th, and 141st) was com- manded by Brigadier-General Chas. Kinnaird Graham, of New *The 69th was "Paddy Owen's Regulars" : the 71st, the "California"' reg- iment of U. S Senator E D. Baker, who was killed at Ball's Bluff: the 72d, the "Baxter Fire Zouaves" It was this brigade that inaugurated the proceed- ings which led to their celebrated re-union with Pickett's Virginia division, on the field of Gettysburg, July 1, 2, and 3, 1887. The re-union was attended by the widow of Gen. Pickett and about 400 of his veterans, representing all of his fifteen regiments, which were in the charge- It was on this occasion that Col. Wm. R. Aylett told of the Greencastle girl who. with an American flag as an apron, had boldly waved it, and defied Pickett's whole division. 46 MONUMENTAL GETTYSBURG. York. He being wounded and captured, the command devolved on Col. Andrew H. Tippin, of the 68'ih. The Second brigade was under Brigadier- General J. H. Hobart Ward, of New York, and, when he took command of the division, under Col. Hiram Berdan, of the celebrated 1st U. S. Sharpshooters. Its regiments were 20th Indiana, 99th Pennsylvania, 3d, 4th Maine, 86th, 124th New York, 1st, and 2d U. S. Sharpshooters. The Third brigade was commanded by Col. Philippe Regis de Trobriand, a French- man. It consisted of 17th Maine, 40th New York, 110th Penn- sylvania, 3d, and 5th Michigan. In the Second division, the First brigade was commanded by Brigadier General Joseph B. Carr, of New York. Its regiments were 12th New Hampshire, 11th New Jersey, 26th, 84th Penn- sylvania, 1st, 11th, and 16th Massachusetts. The Second bri- gade, the brave and famed Excelsior of New York, consisted of the 70th, 71st, 72d, 73cf, 74th, and 120th regiments of that State, all, but the last named, being of the original "Excelsiors. 1 ' It was commanded by Col. Wm. R. Brewster, of the 73d. He died, Dec. 13, 1869. The Third brigade was commanded by Col. George C. Burling, of the 6th New Jersey. It consisted of the 2d New Hampshire, 115th Pennsylvania, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th New Jersey. Fifth Corps Brigades. In the First division, the First brigade was commanded by Col. Wm. S. Tilton, of the 22d Massachusetts. Its regiments were 1st Michigan, 118th Pennsylvania, 18th, and 22d Mas- sachusetts. The Second brigade was commanded by Col. Jacob B. Sweitzer, of the 62d Pennsylvania. It consisted of 62d Penn- sylvania, 4th Michigan, 9th, and 32d Massachusetts. The Third brigade was under Col. Strong Vincent, of Pennsylvania, who was mortally wounded on Little Round Top, and succeeded by Col. Ziegler $r H°WzWortl7's * LI VERY* W. I 7 . Ziegler, Proprietor, - - Gettysburg, Pa. I have studied this great Battlefield for more than 20 years, and can show it in such a way that you can understand how it was fought and won. My charges are all alike, the same price for neighbors and strangers, and my effort is to give you so much for your money that you will not regret your trip to Gettysburg. 48 MONUMENTAL GETTYSBURG. James Clay Rice, of the 44th New York. Its regiments were 20th Maine, 16th Michigan, 44th New York, 83d Pennsylvania. Vincent lingered for some days, receiving, just before his death, his commission of brigadier-general. Rice died of wounds re- ceived, in May of the next year, at Spottsylvania. In the Second division, the First brigade consisted of the 3d, 4th, 6th, 12th, and 14th regulars, under Col. Hannibal Day, of the 6th. The Second brigade was composed of the 2d, 7th, 10th, 11th, and 17th regulars, under Col. Sydney Burbank, of the 2d. The Third brigade was commanded by Brigadier-General Ste- phen H. Weed, of New York, killed on the summit of Little Round Top, and succeeded by Col. Kenner Garrard, of the 146th New York. Its regiments were 140th, 146th New York, 91st, and 155th Pennsylvania. Garrard was an Ohio man. He died at Cincinnati, May 15, 1879. Of the Third division, (Pennsylvania Reserves,) but the First and Third brigades were present, the Second being detained iri the Department of Washington. The other brigades had only joined the Fifth corps on June 28th. The First brigade con- sisted of the 1st, 2d, 6th, and 13th Reserves, under Col. Wm. McCandless, of the 2d. The Third brigade, of the 5th, 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th, under Col. Joseph W. Fisher, of the 5th. Sixth Corps Brigades. In the First division, the commanders of the First, Second, and Third brigades respectively were Brigadier-Generals Alfred T. A. Torbert, of Delaware ; Joseph J. Bartlett; and David Allen Russell, of New York. The First was a New Jersey brigade con- sisting of the 1st, 2d, 3d, and 15th regiments of that State. The Second brigade was composed of 5th Maine, 121st New York, 95th, and 96th Pennsylvania: the Third, of 6th Maine, 5th Wis- consin, 49th, and 119th Pennsylvania. Gen. Russell was killed in battle, September, 1864. INFANTRY BRIGADES. 49 In the Second division, there was no First brigade, the Second and Third being commanded respectively by Col. Lewis A. Grant, and Brigadier- General Thomas H. Neill, of Pennsylvania. The Second was a Green Mountain brigade, consisting of the 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, and 6th Vermont regiments. The Third brigade was composed of 7th Maine, 61st Pennsylvania, 33d, 43d, 49th, 77th New York. In the Third division, the First brigade, under Brigadier-Gen- eral Alexander Shaler, of New York, consisted of 65th, 67th, 122d New York, 23d, and 82d Pennsylvania. The Second, un- der Col. Henry Lawrence Eustis, of Massachusetts, was com- posed of 2d Rhode Island, 7th, 10th, and 37th Massachusetts. The Third, under Gen. Frank Wheaton, of Rhode Island, and, when he commanded the division, under Col. David J. Nevin, of the 62d New York, comprised 62d New York, 93d, 98th, 102d, 139th Pennsylvania. Eleventh Corps Brigades. In the First division, the First brigade was commanded by Col. Leopold von Gilsa, of the 41st New York. Its regiments were 153d Pennsylvania, 41st, 54th, and 68th New York. The Second brigade was under Brigadier-General Adelbert Ames, of Maine, and, when he commanded the division, under Col. An- drew L. Harris, of the 75th Ohio. Its regiments were 17th Connecticut, 25th, 75th, 107th Ohio. In the Second division, the First brigade was commanded by Col. Charles R. Coster, of the 134th New York. Its regiments were 134th, 154th New York, 27th, and 73d Pennsylvania. The Second brigade was commanded by Col. Orland Smith of the 73d Ohio. It comprised 33d Massachusetts, 136th New York, 55th, and 73d Ohio. In the Third division, the First brigade (Gen. Schimmel- pfennig's) was commanded, after he was wounded on the first 4 EVERY GRAND ARMY MAN OUGHT TO HAVE IT. Poen^s of= 170 pages; nearly 100 original Poems of Army Life and Home Scenes. Best of Binding, Paper, and T} r pographical Execution. ^&^s>4^ AMONG THE POEMS ARE The Last Grand Army Man, Pennsylvania Reserves at Round Top, Under the Oaks of Rock Greek, By the Ghickahominy River, Our Fallen Brave, Doltie Harris of Greencastle, Escaped from Mi lien. . Excelsior Brigade. Lincoln and Everett, Fredericksburg, &c, &c. PRICE REDUCED TO FIFTY CENTS. Mailed to any address on receipt of price by the Author, COMRADE J. HOWARD WERT, Principal Boys' High School. 919 North Third Street, Harrisburg, Pa. INFANTRY BRIGADES. 51 day, by Col. George von Amsberg, of the 45th New York. Its regiments were 82d Illinois, 61st Ohio, 74th Pennsylvania, 45th, 157th New York. Schimmelpfennig was a German, who had been an officer under Kossuth in the Hungarian war. He died in Pennsylvania, Sept. 7, 1865 * The Second brigade, under Col. Waldimir Krzyzanowski, cf the 58th New York, consisted of 26th Wisconsin, 75th Pennsylvania, 82d Ohio, 58th, and 119th New York. Twelfth Corps Brigades. In the First division, the First brigade, under Col. Archibald L. McDougall, of the 123d New York, consisted of 3d Maryland, 46th Pennsylvania, 5th, 20th Connecticut, 123d, and 145th New York. The unassigned brigade of Brigadier-General Henry Hayes Lockwood, of Delaware, sent to the Army of the Potomac from the Middle Department, during the Gettysburg battle, fought in it, with the Twelfth Corps, and was soon after made the Second brigade of this division. It consisted of the 150th New York, 1st Maryland (Potomac Home Brigade), 1st Maryland (Eastern Shore). The Third brigade (Ruger's), Col. Silas Colgrove, of the 27th Indiana commanding, was composed of 27th Indiana, 2d Massachusetts, 13th New Jersey, 107th New York, and 3d Wisconsin. In the Second division, the First brigade was commanded by Col. Charles Candy, of the 66th Ohio. Its regiments were 28th, 147th Pennsylvania, 5th, 7th, 29th, and 66th Ohio. The Second brigade, consisting of the 29th, 109th, and 111th Penn- sylvanii, was commanded during part of the battle by Col. *During the retreat of the first day, Schimmelpfennig was not able to get out of the town. Being secreted by some of the citizerts, he remained concealed during the three days the Confederates occupied the place, coming forth, when, on the 4th of July, the Union skirmish line re-occupied Gettysburg. 52 MONUMENTAL GETTYSBURG. George A. Cobham, jr., of the 111th. Its regular commander, the brave and chivalrous Brigadier-General Thomas Leiper Kane, was absent, enfeebled by sickness and the balls with which he had been riddled in several engagements. Entirely unfit for duty, he rejoined his command, during the conflict, for the purpose of leading his boys once more, although so weak that he could not remain after the battle. It was Gen. Kane who, at the beginning of the war, recruited t?»e, od bra ted " Bucktail " regiment. The Third brigade was composed entirely of New Yorkers, comprising the 60th, 78th, l()2d, 137th, and 149th regiments of that Srate. Its commander was Brizadier- General George Sears Greene. Infantry Recapitulation. The First Corps consisted of 34 regiment-; the Second, of 44; the Third, of 38; the Fifth, of 35 ; tie Six'h, of 37; the Elev- enth, of 26; the Twelfth, of 28 : t tal, 242, Of the seven remaining infantry com in .nds, six were with the Provost Marshal-General and on other detached dut> : 8th U.S. regulars; 10th Maine, (battalion) ; 4th New Jersey ; 93d New York; 12th New York. (2 companies); 8th New York. (1 com- pany); whilst the Andrew Sharpshooters of Massachusetts (2 companies) were not attached to any special command, but fought with the Second Corps. By States, the infantry organizations represented at Gettysburg were: Maine:— 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 10th, 16th, 17th, 19th, 20th. New Hampshire:— 2d, 5th. 12th. Vermont:— 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th. Massachusetts:— 1st, 2 I, 7th, 9 h, 10th. 11th, 12th, 13th, 15th, INFANTRY REGIMENTS. 53 16th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 22d, 28th, 32d, 33d, 37th, and Andrew Sharpshooters. Rhode Island: — 2d. Connecticut:— 5th, 14th, 17th, 20th, 27th. New York:— 8th, 10th, 12th, 33d, 39th, 40th, 41st, 42d, 43d, 44th, 45th, 49th, 52d, 54th, 57th, 58th, 59th, 60th, 61st, 62d, 63d, 64th, 65th, 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72d, 73d, 74th, 76th, 77th, 78th, 80th, 82d, 83d, 84th, 86th, 88th, 93d, 94th, 95th, 97th, 102d, 104th, 107th, 108th, 111th, 119th, 120th, 121st, 122d, 123d, 124th, 125th, 126th, 134th, 136th, 137th, 140th, 145th, 146th, 147th, 149th, 150th, 154th, 157th. New Jersey :— 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 15th. Pennsylvania:— 11th, 23d, 26th, 27th, 28th, 29th, 46th, 49th, 53d, 56th, 57th, 61st, 62d, 63d, 68th, 69th, 71st, 72d, 73d, 74th, 75th, 81st, 82d, 83d, 84th, 88th, 90th, 91st, 93d, 95th, 96th, 98th, 99th, 102d, 105th, 106th, 107th, 109th, 110th, 111th, 114th, 115th, 116th, 118th, 119th, 121st, 139th, 140th, 141st, 142d, 143d, 145th, 147th, 148th, 149th, 150th, 151st, 153d, 155th; and 1st, 2d, 5th, 6th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th Reserves. Maryland:— 1st (P. H. B.), 1st (E. S.), 3d. Delaware: — 1st, 2d. West Virginia: — 7th. Ohio:— 4th, 5th, 7th, 8th, 25th, 29th, 55th, 61st, 66th, 73d, 75th, 82d, 107th. Indiana:— 7th, 14th, 19th, 20th, 27th. Illinois:— 82d. Wisconsin:— 2d, 3d, 5th, 6th, 7th, 26th. Michigan:— 1st, 3d, 4th, 5th, 7th, 16th, 24th. Minnesota : — 1st. U. S., (regular army), 2d, 3d, 4th, Gih, 7th, 8th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 14th, 17th ; and 1st, 2d Sharpshooters. 54 MONUMENTAL GETTYSBURG. The regiments not engaged, on account of doing provost duty or guarding trains, were: 8th U. S., 8th, 12th, 93d New York, 12th, 15th Vermont, 84th, 102d Pennsylvania, 10th Maine. A regiment consists of ten companies. Of the regiments just enumerated, 35 had, for various reasons, from one to nine com- panies absent. For instance, the 27th Connecticut had but two companies on the field, eight having been captured at Chancel- lorsville. In the same way, the 116th Pennsylvania had but four companies, numbering 66 men in all. In other cases a cer- tain number of companies were, at distant points, on detached service. Of the ten regular regiments in Ayres' division, all lacked from two to seven companies. The aggregate number of companies lacking in 35 organizations was 163, equivalent to more than 16 regiments. This fact should be borne in mind in comparing the Army of the Potomac with Lee's army, which had fewer infantry organizations than it. Besides, every soldier knows that, in service, the term regi- ment means nothing. It may be a full regiment, with 1,000 men ; it may, after a severe campaign, be a skeleton, with 100 men. Meade's veteran regiments were much nearer the latter figure than the former. This was especially the case with those that had been heavily engaged at Chancellorsville. The glory of Gettysburg has led to the careful commemora- tion of every command of the Union army that can claim the honor of participating in the victory, even if represented by only a mere handful of men. It is just and right that such should be the case. But, it should be remembered that the number of organizations thu^s made prominent is out of proportion to the number of combatants under Meade's command. artillery of the potomac army. 55 Artillery of the Potomac Army. Every infantry corps had an artillery brigade connected with it. The First, Second, Third, Fifth, and Eleventh Corps had each five batteries in its artillery brigade; the Sixth Corps, eight batteries ; and the Twelfth Corps, four ; being an aggregate of thirty-seven batteries in the seven brigades attached to the in- fantry. There were seven additional brigades of artillery. Two of these, aggregating eleven batteries, were styled horse-artillery, and were for duty with the cavalry corps. Five brigades, aggre- gating twenty-four batteries, formed the Artillery Reserve. The entire artillery strength of the Potomac army was, there- fore, 14 brigades, containing 72 batteries, consolidated at that time into 67. The number of cannon was 370, of which 212 ' were in the seven brigades accompanying the infantry, 108 in the five reserve brigades, and 50 in the two brigades accompany- ing the cavalry. Of these, Meade had 339 pieces present on the field, 25 of the heaviest guns having been left at Westminster, Md., and a battery being with Huey's cavalry. The one remaining battery of the total, not given here (a sec- tion of two guns) will be accounted for in connection with the cavalry. The consolidation, in some cases, of batteries, was caused by their depleted number of guns and men, after Chan- cellorsville. These batteries, when subsequently filled up, re- sumed their distinctive organization. There were also four cases of New York batteries attached to others, for which no credit is given in the table. Of the 68 battery organizations, two in the Reserve Corps, one in the horse-artillery, and two of the Sixth Corps, were not engaged at Gettysburg. The entire artillery force was under the command of Briga- dier-General Henry Jackson Hunt, of Michigan, Chief of Artil- lery; the Artillery Reserve, under Brigadier-General Robert Ogden Tyler, of New York. He died at Boston, Dec. 1, 1874. (®)f "§ong and p^atnotie ^loquenee. A BI-MONTHLY MAGAZINE. Single Number, 10 Cents. Per Year, [6 Nos.] 60 Cents. Syracuse, N. Y. (35 University Avenue.) Published by Comrade J. C. O. REDINGTON, Manager Acme Publishing Bureau. •j^avefsacK Doubled ir\ Si^e January, I891. ©nly Soldier Ma^a^ine published in tfye Gnited States. The Haversack does not wear out like newspapers. It is a per- manent vade-mecum of the gems you want for instant use and refer- ence. Its historical records and statistics are invaluable. Its illus- trated articles in both song and story are, to quote a critic's verdict, "splendid panoramas of the glory-days of the war." We publish the favorite old war songs once a year. What is vnluntGErEd-abDUt the AcmE HavEreack: "Full of inspiration. I would that every boy and girl in our Republic might have the Haversack, and be taught lessons of loyalty and patriotism." — Mrs. Kate E. Jones, National Chaplain of W. R. C, /lion, N Y. "The finest and most valuable publication of the kind I ever saw." — T. C. Harbaugh, the Poet, Casstown, O. "Much pleased. You deserve the hearty thanks and support of every naval veteran in the land." — Comrade Wm. Simmons, Sec. Nat ' I Asso. of Naval Veter- ans, Philadelphia, Pa. "A perfect gem." — Mrs. G. B. Williams, W. R. C, Huron Co., 0. ARTILLERY OF THE POTOMAC ARMY. 57 The commanders of the artillery brigades connected with the infantry corps, were : in the First Corps, Col. Charles S. Wain- wright; in the Second, Captain John G. Hazard; in the Third, Captain George E. Randolph, who was wounded in the engage- ment and succeeded by Captain A. Judson Clark ; in the Fifth, Captain Augustus P. Martin; in the Sixth, Col. Charles H. Tompkins; in the Eleventh, Major Thomas W. Osborn; in the Twelfth, Lieutenant Edward D. Muhlenberg. The brigades of horse-artillery were commanded by Captains James M. Robert- son and John C. Tidball. Of the Reserve Artillery, the regular brigade was under Captain Dunbar R.Ransom; and the four volunteer brigades were commanded respectively by Lieutenant- Colonel Freeman McGilvery, Captains Elijah D. Taft, James F. Huntington, and Robert A. Fitzhugh. McGilvery died the fol- lowing year, whilst undergoing an amputation. Artillery Roster. To both soldier and civilian, batteries are better known by the name of the commander than by the technical appellation of the organization. In the following roster, by States, both methods of designation are given. The Roman characters fol- lowing each indicate the corps, R being used for reserve artillery and H for horse artillery. Maine.— Light Batteries: 2d, Hall, (I); 5th, Stevens, (I); 6th, Dow, (R). New Hampshire. — Light Battery: 1st, Edgell, (R). Massachusetts. — Light Batteries: 1st, McCartney, (VI); 3d, Walcott, (V); 5th, Phillips, (R) ; 9th, Bigelow, (R). Rhode Island. — Light Batteries: a, Arnold, (II); b, Brown, (II); c, Waterman, (VI); e, Randolph, (III); g, Adams, (VI). Connecticut. — 1st Regiment Heavy Artillery: Batteries; b, Brooker, (R) ; m, Pratt, (R). Light Battery ; 2d, Sterling, (R). 58 MONUMENTAL GETTYSBURG. New York. — 1st Regiment Light Artillery : Batteries ; b, Rorty, (II); c, Barnes, (V); d, Winslow, (III); g, Ames, (R) ; i, Wie- drich, (XI); k, Fitzhugh, (R) ; l and e, Reynolds, (I) ; m, Wine- gar, (XII). Independent Light Batteries: 1st, Cowan, (VI); 3d, Harn, (VI); 4th, Smith, (III); 5th, Taft, (R); 6th, J. W. Martin, (H) ; 13th, Wheeler, (XI) ; loth, Hart, (R). 10th, 11th, 14th attached to other batteries. New Jersey. — Light Batteries: 1st, Parsons, (R); 2d, Clark, (III.) Pennsylvania. — 1st Regiment Light Artillery: Batteries; b, Cooper, (I) ; f and g, Ricketts, (R). Independent Light Batter- ies: c and f, Thompson, (R) ; e, Atwell, (XII). 3d Regiment Heavy Artillery : a section of Battery h, Rank, (H). Maryland.— Light Battery: a, Rigby, (R). West Virginia.— Light Battery: c, Hill, (R). Ohio —1st Regiment Light Artillery : Batteries; h, Hunting- ton, (R); i, Dilger, (XI); k, Htckman, (XI); l, Gibbs, (V). Michigan. — Light Battery : 9th, Daniels, (H). U. S. Regulars. — 1st Regiment: Batteries; e and g, Randul, (II ) ; h, Etkin, (R) ; i, Woodruff, (II);. k, Graham, (H). 2d Regiment: Batteries; a, Calef, (H) ; b and l, Heaton, (H); d, Williston, (VI) ; g, Butler, (VI) ; m, Pennington, (H). 3d Regiment: Batteries; c, Fuller, (H) ; f and k, Turnhull, (R)- 4th Regiment: a, Cushing,(II) ; b, Stewart, (I) ; c s Thomas, (ID; e, Elder, (H) ; f, Rugg, (XII); g, Wilkeson, (XI); k Seeley, (III). 5th Regiment: Batteries; c, Weir, (R); d, ILizlett, (V) ; f, Leonard Martin, (VI) ; i, Watson, (V) ; k, Kinzie, (XII). Rorty, Woodruff, Cushing, Hazlett, and Wilkeson, were killed at Gettysburg. Stevens, Reynolds, Brown, Seeley, Watson, Ea- CAVALRY OF THE POTOMAC ARMY. 59 kin, Hart, Bigelow, Thompson, and Bucklyn, commanding Ran- dolph's battery, were wounded. Cavalry of the Potomac Army. It was only in 1863 that the cavalry had been organized into a separate corps under the command of Major-General Alfred Pleasonton. This corps consisted of three weak divisions, con- solidated, June 13th, into two; Stand's cavalry from the defences of Washington, which joined the corps at Frederick, Md., June 28th, becoming the Third division. The corps was then organ- ized as follows : First division, of three brigades, under Brigadier- General John Buford, a Kentuckian; Second, of three brigades, under Brigadier-General David McMurtrie Gregg, a Pennsylva- nian ; Third, of two brigades, under Brigadier-General Hugh Jud- son Kilpatrick, a native of New Jersey. Buford died the same year at Washington, D. C, of disease contracted from army ex- posure. On the day of his death he received his commission as major-general. Kilpatrick died in Peru, whilst minister to that country, Dec. 4, 1881. In the First division, the First brigade, commanded by Colo- nel William Gamble, of the 8th Illinois, consisted of 8th Illinois, 12th Illinois (4 companies), 3d Indiana (6 companies), 8th New York. The Second brigade, under Colonel Thomas C. Devin, of the 6th New York, consisted of 3d West Virginia (2 companies), 17th Pennsylvania, 6th, and 9th New York. The Reserve bri- gade, under Brigadier-General Wesley Merritt, a New Yorker, consisted of 6th Pennsylvania, 1st, 2d, 5th, and 6th U. S. regu- lars. Total for the division, 13 commands. In the Second division, the First brigade, under Colonel John B. Mcintosh, consisted of 1st New Jersey, 1st, 3d Pennsylvania, 1st Maryland, Company A of the Purnell Legion of Maryland, CAVALRY OF THE POTOMAC ARMY. 61 and 1st Massachusetts. The Second brigade, under Colonel Pen- nock Huey, consisted of 8th Pennsylvania, 6th Ohio, 2d, and 4th New York. This brigade was not engaged. The Third brigade, under Colonel J. Irvin Gregg, of Pennsylvania, consisted of 1st Maine, 10th New York, 4th, and 16th Pennsylvania. Total for the division, 14 commands. The First brigade of this division had with it a section of battery H of the 3d Pennsylvania heavy artillery, serving as light artillery. This section and company A of the Purnell Legion, were on their way from Frederick to Baltimore, when, falling in with Stuart, they narrowly escaped capture, and were forced to accompany Gregg to Gettysburg, where they fought bravely with his troops, in the cavalry action of the 3d. In the Third division, the First brigade was commanded by Brigadier-General Elon J. Farnsworth, of Michigan, who was killed the third day near Round Top, and succeeded by Colonel Nathaniel P. Richmond, of the 1st West Virginia. Its regiments were 5th New York, 18th Pennsylvania, 1st Vermont, 1st West Virginia. The Second brigade, consisting of 1st, 5th, 6th, and 7th Michigan, was commanded by the dashing and daring Briga- dier-General George Armstrong Custer, of Ohio, whose sad fate, on the frontier in 1876, excited universal pity and horror. Total for the division, 8 commands. The cavalry commands not attached to the Cavalry Corps, doing duty with the Provost Marshal-General and at various headquarters, were: 2d Pennsylvania, 1st Indiana (2 compa- nies), 1st Ohio (2 companies). As was the case with the infantry, it will be noticed that, when we speak of 38 regiments of cavalry, the expression is mislead- ing. There were 38 organizations represented, some of which consisted of but one or two companies. 62 MONUMENTAL GETTYSBURG. A cavalry regiment consists of six squadrons or twelve com- panies. The aggregate of what was lacking of this standard in 12 of the organizations, was 64 companies. The 38 organiza- tions were, therefore, equivalent to less than 33 regiments. There were, in addition, permanent details to the Provost-Marshal and to various headquarters, of 31 companies, reducing the strength of the Union cavalry, for field service, to about 30 regiments. Cavalry Recapitulation. The following cavalry organizations were, therefore, repre- sented, July, 1863, in the Army of the Potomac: Maine: — 1st. Vermont: — 1st. Massachusetts : — 1st. New York:— 2d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th, 9th, 10th. New Jersey : — 1st. Pennsylvania:— 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 6th, 8th, 16th, 17th, 18th. Maryland : — 1st, Company A of Purnell Legion. West Virginia : — 1st, 3d. Ohio:— 1st, 6th. Indiana: — 1st, 3d. Illinois:— 8th, 12th. Michigan:— 1st, 5th, 6th, 7th. U. S. Regulars:— 1st, 2d, 5th, 6th. Gen. Meade's Staff. In addition to Gen. Hunt, the most prominent membeis of Gen. Meade's staff at Gettysburg were : Major-General Daniel Butterfield, of New York, Chief of Staff; Brigadier-General Marsena R. Patrick, of New York, Provost Marshal-General; Brigadier-General Seth Williams, Adjutant-General; Brigadier- ROSTER OF CONFEDERATE FORCES. 63 General Rufus Ingalls, of Maine, Quartermaster-General ; Briga- dier-General Edmund Schriver, Inspector-General ; and Briga- dier-General Gouverneur Kemble Warren, of New York, Chief Engineer, with Brigadier-General Henry W. Benham, of Con- necticut, in charge of the Engineer Brigade. Both Butterfield and Warren were wounded at Gettysburg. Benham died in New York, June 1, 1884. CHAPTER III. Composition and Commanders of the Confederate Army. — The Sub-Divisions Engaged and their Offi- cers. — The States Represented. — The Mode of Or- ganization of the Different Arms of the Service. — Tabular Comparison of the Sub-Divisions of the Two Armies. The Confederate Army of Northern Virginia that faced the Army of the Potomac at Gettysburg, was commanded by Gen- eral Robert Edmund Lee, a Virginian. He died, Oct. 12, 1870. The most conspicuous member of his staff was General W. N. Pendleton, Chief of Artillery. Tabulated Roster of Confederate Forces. The eleven seceded States and the State of Maryland were represented in Lee's army, July, 1863, by organized commands, aggregating 283 in number. Nine of the infantry regiments (seven from Virginia, two from North Carolina), were not across the Potomac during the campaign. 64 MONUMENTAL GETTYSBURG. States. tt_l <« | o ° O . 00 >> -2 >> oo fr a -3 C r£j 0) 0) o3 "2 *~3 5<3 2 % ±2 ^h P<3 Maryland . . . Virginia, . . . North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, . . Alabama, . . . Mississippi, . . Florida, . . . . Tennessee, • ■ Arkansas, . . . Louisiana, . • Texas, . . . . 1 48 38 11 36 IT 11 3 Q 1 10 3 1 22 4 9 Total, 182 32 4 40 4 5 6 2 1 69 6 110 46 18 45 19 12 3 3 1 17 3 2^3 In all, 29 States of the Union had troops in the two contend- ing hosts at Gettysburg, Maryland having commands in both armies. The State of Virginia supplied one-fourth of the infantry, two-thirds of the cavalry, and nearly two-thirds of the artillery that invaded the North. The States of Virginia, North Carolina, and Georgia furnished nearly three-fourths of the material com- posing the Army of Northern Virginia. The Confederate Infantry. Lee's infantry was divided into but three corps, each sub-di- vided into three divisions. The average strength of a Confeder- ate corps or division was about twice that of a Union organiza- tion of the same name. The corps were commanded by Lieut en ant-Generals Jam< s 5 66 MONUMENTAL GETTYSBURG. Longstreet, a South Carolinian, known throughout the army as "Old Pete;" Richard Stoddard Ewell, and Ambrose Powell Hill, both Virginians. Ewell had lost a leg at the Second Bull Run. He died in Tennessee, Jan. 25, 1872. Hill, after fighting through the entire war, was killed at the storming of Petersburg, Va., April 2d, 1865. He was wounded in the first day's fight at Gettysburg. Previous to the death of "Stonewall" Jackson, at Chancellorsville, Lee had his army divided into but two corps, commanded by Longstreet and Jackson. The division commanders of Longstreet s First Corps, were Major-Generals Lafayette McLaws, a Georgian, George K Pickett, a Virginian, and John Bell Hood, a Kentuckian. Hood was severely wounded on the second day, and succeeded in com- mand by Brigadier General E. Mclver Law. Pickett died at Norfolk, July 30, 1875; Hood, at New Orleans, Aug. 30, 1879. In E well's Second Corps, the division commanders were Major- Generals Jubal Anderson Early, Edward Johnson, both Virgin- ians, and Robert E. Rodes. Johnson was captured the next year at Spottsylvania, with his whole command. He died at Richmond, Feb. 22, 1873. In Hill's Third Corps, the division commanders were Major- Generals Richard Henry Anderson, of South Carolina; Henry Heth, of Virginia; and William Dorsey Pender, of North Caro- lina. Heth was wounded on the first day and succeeded by Brigadier-General James Johnston Pettigrew, who was also wounded, on the third day, and mortally wounded during the retreat. Pender was mortally wounded in the fight of the sec- ond day. He was succeeded by Brigadier-General James H. Lane. Major-General Isaac R. Trimble, of Baltimore, com- manded this division in the final charge of the third day. He being wounded and captured, Lane again took command. An- derson died, June 26, 1879. CONFEDERATE BRIGADES. G7 One peculiarity in the organization of the Confederate forces was that troops of the same State almost invariably formed en- tire brigades. In the Army of the Potomac this was rarely the case, regiments being generally grouped without any regard to the State from whence they came. It appears as if the Southern was the better plan. It gave an opportunity to the different brigades to feel that, in their actions on the field, were involved the honor and glory of their native State. Pickett's men charged none the worse because they were all Virginians, and pride for the Old Dominion was swelling in their bosoms. Whenever the plan was tried in the Union army it worked well. It is only necessary to point to such well-known examples as the Iron Brigade, an isolated Western command in an Eastern army; the Pennsylvania Reserves; Stannard's Vermonters; Col. Roy Stone's Pennsylvania brigade, of the First Corps; Graham's Pennsylvanians, and the New York Excelsiors, of the Third Corps; Willard's New Yorkers, of the Second Corps, in their fight with Barksdale; and Greene's brave New Yorkers, of the Twelfth Corps, who, when the remainder of the corps had been sent to the left, on the evening of the second day, held Culp's Hill with a grip Ewell could not shake. Where can be found loftier deeds of heroism, sublimer endur- ance and devotion to duty, more desperate fighting than that of these commands? They fought at once for the unity of their native land and the honor of their native State. Some of the most illustrious exploits this book commemorates, are those of the commands mentioned above. Composition of the Confederate Brigades. The Army of Northern Virginia was officered with stern uni- formity. It was commanded by a full general. Each corps was commanded by an officer of next grade below, a lieutenant- 68 MONUMENTAL GETTYSBURG. general; each division, by a major-general; and each brigade, by a brigadier-general, and all the brigades, but two, were thus commanded at Gettysburg, in a few cases, however, a colonel being in temporary command, the regular brigade commander being absent on account of sickness or wounds. Lee's 9 divisions were in 38 brigades. The divisions of Rodes and Anderson had each five brigades, all the other divisions, four, Corse's brigade of Pickett's division, however, being at Gordons-' ville, July 1-8, and not participating directly in the invasion. As organized in 1863, the brigades were constituted and com- manded as follows: First Corps Brigades. In McLaw's division, the brigade commanders were: Briga- dier-General Joseph Brevard Kershaw; Paul J. Semmes, who was mortally wounded and succeeded by Col. Goode Bryan, of the 16th Georgia ; William Barksdale, who was killed on the second day and succeeded by Col. Benjamin G. Humphreys, of the 21st Mississippi ; and William T. Wofford. . Kershaw's regi- ments were 2d, 3d, 7th, 8th, 15th South Carolina, and 3d South Carolina battalion. Semmes' regiments were 10th, 50th, 51st, 53d Georgia; Barksdale's, 13th, 17th, 18th, 21st Mississippi; Wofford's, 16th, 18th, 24th Georgia, and the celebrated Cobb's, and Phillips' Legions of the same State. Total, 19 commands in the division. In Pickett's division, the brigade commanders were Brigadier- Generals Richard Brooke Garnett, Lewis Addison Armistead, ma* James Lawson Kemper, and M. D. Corse, all Virginians, except '»YT*Armistead, who was a native of North Carolina. Garnett and at*- Armistead were killed, and Kemper wounded and captured in Pickett's celebrated charge. Armistead was succeeded by Col. W. R. Aylett, of the 53d Virginia; Kemper, by Col. Joseph Mayo, Jr., of the 3d ; and Garnett, by Major C. S. Peyton. Kem- CONFEDERATE BRIGADES. 69 per was afterwards Governor of Virginia. After Brigadier-Gen- eral Robert Toombs' brigade was removed from the division, and placed in Hood's division, under command of Benning, all of Pickett's troops were Virginians. Gamett's regiments were 8th, 18th, 19th, 28th, 56th: Kemper's; 1st, 3d, 7th, 11th, 24th : Arm- istead's; 9th, 14th, 38th, 53d, 57th: Corse's (brigade not at Get- tysburg); 15th, 17th, 29th, 30th, 32d. Total, 20 commands in the division, of which 15 were at Gettysburg. Of 4 generals and 15 regimental commanders that were in Pickett's division in the charge of the third day, there remained, when it was over, but Pickett and one lieutenant-colonel that were not killed or wounded; 12 of the regimental commanders being killed, of which number ten were colonels, one a lieuten- 'ant-colonel, and one a major. Of 4,800 men, the division left 3,393 at the Federal works. Hood's brigade commanders were Brigadier-Generals Jerome B. Robertson, E. Mclver Law, George T. Anderson, and Henry L. Benning. Robertson's regiments were ; 3d Arkansas, 1st, 4th, 5th Texas: Law's; 4th, 15th, 44th, 47th, 48th Alabama: Ander- son's; 7th, 8th, 9th, 11th, 59th Georgia: Berming's; 2d, 15th, 17th, 20th Georgia. When Law succeeded Hood (wounded) as division commander, his brigade was under Col. James L. Shef- field, of the 48th Alabama. General G. T. Anderson wag wounded and succeeded by Col. W. W. White, of the 7th Geor- gia. Total, 18 commands in the division. Number of regi- ments in the First Corps, 57, of which 52 were at Gettysburg. Second Corps Brigades. In Early's division, the brigade commanders were Brigadier- Generals Harry T. Hays, John Brown Gordon,* William Smith, *Gordon was eight times wounded during the war. He entered the army as a captain, and left it, at Appomattox, a lieutenant-general. He has since been U. S. Senator from Georgia and Governor of that State. 70 MONUMENTAL GETTYSBURG. and R. F. Hoke. Hoke being absent, wounded, his brigade at Gettysburg was commanded by Col. Isaac E. Avery, of the 5th North Carolina, who, being wounded, was succeeded by Col. Archibald C. Godwin, of the 57th North Carolina. Hays' bri- gade was the celebrated Louisiana Tigers, composed of the 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th regiments. Gordon commanded the 13th, 26th, 31st, 38th, 60th, 61st Georgia. Smith had the 13th, 31st, 49th, 52d, 58th Virginia : Hoke; the 6th, 21st, 54th, 57th North Caro- lina, and 1st North Carolina battalion. Total, 21 commands, of which 3 regiments (13th, 58th Virginia, 54th North Carolina) had been left at Winchester, Virginia. The commanders of Eodes' brigades were Brigadier-Generals Junius Daniel, George Pierce Doles, Alfred Iverson, Stephen D. Ramseur, and Col. Edward A. O'Neal, who had charge of Rodes' original brigade. Doles and Iverson were Georgians; Ramseur, - * ^trSuntfT UarolirTraffc — Iverson "Had been a U. S. Senator prior to n *ji the war. He died, March 4, 1873. Both Doles and Ramg^gj y \2r*. were killed in battle, in 1864 ; the first, at Cold Harbor ; "thesec- ond, at Cedar Creek. Daniel's brigade was composed of 32d, 43d, 45th, 53d North Carolina, and 2d battalion of the same State ; Doles', of 4th, 12th, 21st, 44th Georgia; Iverson's, of 5th, 12th, 20th, 23d North Carolina ; Ramseur's, of 2d, 4th, 14th, 30th North Carolina; O'Neal's, of 3d, 5th, 6th, 12th, 26th Alabama. Total, 22 commands in the division. Johnson's brigade commanders were Brigadier-Generals Geo. H. Steuart, James A. Walker, John Marshall Jones, and F. T. Nicholls. The latter being absent, wounded, his brigade was commanded at Gettysburg by Col. J. M. Williams, of the 2d $^ Louisiana. Gen. Jones was severely wounded at Gettysburg, t ^J / ^ 1, lLnd killed at Spottsylvania, May 10, of the following year. Lieut. t— -" (Jol. K. H. Dungarr^5fTHe^48th Virginia, had charge of his bri- gade in the latter part of the battle and during the retreat. CONFEDERATE BRIGADES. 71 Steuart was captured the next year at Spottsylvania. Steuart's regiments were: 1st, 3d North Carolina, 10th, 23d, 37th Virginia, and 1st Maryland battalion. Walker's brigade was the original Stonewall Brigade, so famed in history. Its regiments were : 2d, 4th, 5th, 27th, 33d Virginia. Jones had the 21st, 25th, 42d, 44th, 48th, 50th Virginia regiments. Nicholls' brigade consisted of 1st, 2d, 10th, 14th, 15th Louisiana. Total, 22 commands in the division ; and a sum of 65 for the Second Corps, of which number, 62 were present and engaged. Third Corps Brigades. Anderson's brigades were commanded by Brigadier- Generals Cadmus M. Wilcox, William Mahone (since conspicuous in Virginia politics and a U. S. Senator from that State), Carnot Posey, Ambrose R. Wright, and E. A. Perry. Perry's brigade was under the temporary command of Col. David Lang, of the 8th Florida. Posey was wounded at Gettysburg. Wilcox's regi- ments were; 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 14th Alabama: Mahone's; 6th, 12th, 16th, 41st, 61st Virginia: Posey's; 12th, 16th, 19th, 48th Mississippi: Wright's; 3d, 22d, 48th Georgia, and 2d Georgia battalion: Perry's; 2d, 5th, 8th Florida. Total, 21 commands in the division. Heth's First brigade was commanded by Brigadier General Pettigrew. When he succeeded Heth (wounded) in the com- mand of the division, Col. James K. Marshal, of the 52*1 North Carolina, commanded the brigade. He was wounded and cap- tured on the third day. The regiments were: 11th, 17th, 26th, 42d, 44th, 47th, 52d North Carolina. The 44th was left back at Hanover Junction. The 17th and 42d were employed on train- guard and provost duty. The Second brigade (Field's old com- mand) was under Col. J. M. Brockenbrough. It consisted of 40th, 47th, 55th Virginia, and 22d Virginia battalion. The Third brigade was commanded by Brigadier- General James J. Archer, * CONFEDEKATE BRIGADES. 73 of Maryland, who, with about 1,200 of his men, was captured early in the first day's fight, by the Iron Brigade. Col. B. D. Fry, of the 13th Alabama, succeeded to the command of what was left of the brigade. Re was wounded and captured on t third day, and succeeded by Lieut-Col. S. G. Shephard, of tli 7th Tennessee. The regiments were : 13th Alabama, 5th Alabama battalion, 1st Tennessee (Provisional Army), 7th, 14th Tennessee. The Fourth brigade, under Brigadier-General Joseph R. Davis, consisted of 2d, 11th, 42d Mississippi, 55th North Carolina. Total, 20 commands for the division, of which 17 were engaged. Pender had four brigades. The First (McGowan's) was com- manded at Gettysburg by Col. Abner M. Perrin. It was com- posed of 1st (Provisional Army), 12th, 13th, 14th South Carolina, and 1st South Carolina Rifles. The Second brigade was under Brigadier- General James H. Lane. Its regiments were 7th, 18th, 28th, 33d, 37th North Carolina. When Lane, during the retreat, commanded the division, he was succeeded by Col. C. M. Avery, of the 33d. The Third brigade, under Brigadier- General Edward L. Thomas, consisted of 14th, 35th, 45th, 49th Georgia. Briga- dier-General Alfred M. Scales commanded the Fourth brigade, composed of 13th, 16th, 22d, 34th, 38th North Carolina. Gen- eral Scales was severely wounded on the first day, and succeeded by Col. Wm. Lee J. Lowrance, of the 34th. Total, 19 commands in the division ; whilst the Third Corps aggregated 60 regiments, 57 of which were engaged. Infantry Recapitulation. Total Commands present Commands. and engaged. Longstreet, 57 52 Ewtll, 65 62 Hill, 60 57 Total, 182 171 74 MONUMENTAL GETTYSBURG. By States, the infantry regiments in Lee's army were: Maryland : — 1st battalion. Virginia :— 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 21st, 23d, 24th, 25th, 27th, 28th, 29th, 30th, 31st, 32d, 33d, 37th, 38th, 40th, 41st, 42d, 44th, 47th, 48th, 49th, 50th, 52d, 53d, 55th, 56th, 57th, 58th, 61st; and 22d battalion. North Carolina:— 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 20th, 21st, 22d, 23d, 26th, 28th, 30th, 32d, 33d, 34th, 37th, 38th, 42d, 43d, 44th, 45th, 47th, 52d, 53d, 54th, 55th, 57th; 1st, and 2d battalions. South Carolina:— 1st (P. A.), 2d, 3d, 7th, 8th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th ; 3d battalion, and 1st Rifles. Georgia:— 2d, 3d, 4th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 20th, 21st, 22d, 24th, 26th, 31st, 35th, 38th, 44th, 45th, 48th, 49th, 50th, 51st, 53d, 59th, 60th, 61st; 2d bat- talion, Cobb's Legion, Phillips' Legion. Alabama:— 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 26th, 44th, 47th, 48th; and 5th battalion. Mississippi:— 2d, 11th, 12th, 13th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 21st, 42d, 48th. Louisiana:— 1st, 2d, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 14th, 15th. Tennessee:— 1st (P. A.), 7th, 14th. Florida:— 2d, 5th, 8th. Texas:— 1st, 4th, 5th. Arkansas: — 3d. Confederate Artillery. The organization of Lee's artillery was most admirable and efficient. In the Union army, a full battery consisted of six guns. Bat- teries accompanying the Confederate infantry were, generally, CONFEDERATE ARTILLERY. 75 of four guns ; whilst those with the cavalry were six-gun bat- teries. The artillery corps, recently re-organized under Gen. Pendleton, consisted of 63 batteries, with 293 guns. Of these, 62 batteries, aggregating 257 cannon, were with the infantry : whilst 6 batter- ies, numbering 36 pieces, were with the cavalry, one with each brigade. Imboden's unassigned brigade brought an additional battery of six guns to the field of Gettysburg. With Longstreet, were 22 batteries, numbering 86 guns ; with Ewell, 20 batteries, numbering 82 guns ; with Hill, 20 batteries, numbering 82 guns : a total of 250 guns on the infantry field, seven of the heaviest guns having been left behind, when L?e crossed the Potomac, on account of the difficulty of transporting sufficient ammunition. Every one of the 62 batteries was en- gaged at Gettysburg. These batteries were grouped into 15 battalions. Of the bat- talions, one had six batteries ; two had five batteries ; two had three batteries ; all the others, four. Five battalions were with each corps, forming what was termed a division of artillery, which was under the command of a colonel ; whilst every bat- talion was also under tho supervision of a field officer. Of the five battalions in a corps, one accompanied each infantry divi- sion, whilst the two remaining formed the Reserve Artillery of the corps. All the officers in charge of the divisions and battalions were veterans of experience. The division with Longstreet's corps was commanded by Col. J. B. Walton; Ewell's divison, by Col. J. Thompson Brown ; Hill's division, by Col. R. Lindsay Walker. The battalion commanders in the First Corps were Col. Henry C. Cabell, Major James Dearing, Major M. W. Henry, Col. E. Porter Alexander, and Major B. F. Eshelman: in the Second Corps, Lfcut. Col. H. P. Jones, Major J. W. Latimer, Lieut.- Colonel CONFEDERATE CAVALRY. 77 Thomas H. Carter, Captain Willis J. Dance, and Lieut.-Colonti Wm. Nelson: in the Third Corps, Major John Lane, Lieut.-Col. John J. Garnett, Major William T. Poague, Major D. G. Mcintosh, and Major William Johnson Pegram. Major Latimer was killed, on the second day, on Benner's Hill ; Major Pegram was wounded .* The battalion of Horse Artillery with the cavalry, was under Major R. F. Beckham. The appellations of the batteries and the names of the captains will be found in the skeleton of forces, Chapter VI. The Confederate Cavalry. Lee's cavalry had been formed in a division of six brigades, under Major-General James E. B. Stuart, a Virginian, who was killed at the Yellow Tavern, near Richmond, May 12, 1864. The cavalry was augmented, for the Gettysburg campaign, by Imbod- en's strong brigade. The brigade commanders were Brigadier- Generals Wade Hampton, since Governor of South Carolina and a U. S. Senator from the same State; Fitz-Hugh Lee (nephew of Gen. R. E. Lee), since Governor of Virginia; W. H. F. Lee (son of R. E. Lee); Edmondson William Jones; Beverly H. Robert- son; and A. G. Jenkins. John D. Imboden's cavalry force was not attached to any special command, whilst Jenkins was only assigned to Stuart for the period of the invasion. W\ H. F. Lee *It was the fate of two commanders of Confederate artillery battalions at Gettysburg, to die at the very close of the war. Pegram, like A. P. Hill, fell, Sunday, April 2d, 1865, in the terrific slaughter at the storming, by the Fed- eral army, of Petersburg, the city of his birth. A student when the war broke out, he enlisted as a private. He died a Brigadier-General. Three days later, during Lee's hopeless retreat, Dearing, also a Virginian, and now a Brigadier-General, reached High Bridge with his forces, just as General Theo- dore Read, of the Union army, came up with his command on the opposite side of the creek. A duel with pistols instantly ensued between the two com- manders. Read fell dead ; Dearing, mortally wounded. CONFEDERATE CAVALRY. 79 having been wounded at Brandy Station, June 9th, his brigade, at Gettysburg, was under Col. John Randolph Chambliss, jr., who, like both the Lees, Jones, and Imboden, was a Virginian. He was killed at Deep Bottom, near Richmond, Aug. 16th, of the next year. Jenkins' brigade, after he was wounded, was commanded, in the Gettysburg campaign, by Col. Milton J- Ferguson. Hampton was thrice wounded in the cavalry fight of the third day at Gettysburg; once, by a terrific sabre cut, in hand to hand combat. He was succeeded in command by Col. Lawrence S. Baker. Jones was wounded in the retreat from Gettysburg, and killed, whilst fighting Gen. Hunter, at New Hope, Va., June 5, 1864. Robertson was captured during the retreat. The entire cavalry force aggregated 32 commands. Hampton's regiments were 1st North Carolina, 1st, 2d South Carolina, Cobb's Georgia Legion, Jeff Davis Legion, Phillips' Georgia Legion. The regiments of Fitz-Hugh Lee were 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th Virginia, and 1st Maryland battalion, the latter, at Gettysburg, being on duty with E well's Corps. W. H. F. Lee had 2d North Carolina, 9th, 10th, 13th, 15th Virginia. Jones commanded 6th, 7th, 11th, 12th Virginia, and 35th Virginia bat- talion : Jenkin's; 14th, 16th, 17th, 34th, and 36th Virginia, the latter two being battalions. Robertson, who had charge of Jones' brigade as well as his own, appears to have brought to Pennsyl- vania only two of his regiments, the 4th, and 5th North Carolina. Imboden commanded the 18th Virginia, 62d Virginia (mounted infantry), and Virginia Partisan Rangers, otherwise known as the 43d Virginia battalion, or Mosby's men. In the Gettysburg campaign, Jenkins led the advance; Rob- ertson and Jones were with Ewell's trains, and covered Lee's re- treat, part of Robertson's force having been left near Martinsburg, W.Va. ; General Stuart had with him the brigades of Ham pton and the two Lees in his ride around the Army of the Potomac ; Im- 80 MONUMENTAL GETTYSBURG. boden held the rear of the invading army, and, after the battle, took charge of the wounded during the retreat. Of the five brigadiers of cavalry that fought at Beverly Ford, June 9th, but one was available at the conclusion of the campaign ; Fitz-Hugh Lee. W. H. F. Lee wounded, June 9th, was captured soon after by Keyes, near Richmond ; Robertson was a prisoner ; Jones and Hampton wounded. Cavalry Recapitulation. By States, the cavalry organizations of Lee's army, in the Get- tysburg campaign, were : Virginia.— 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12tb, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th 18th ; arid 34th, 35th, 36th, 43d bat- talions ; and 62d infantry (mounted). Maryland. — 1st battalion. North Carolina.— 1st, 2 1, 4th, 5th. South Carolina— 1st, 2d. Georgia. — Cobb's L< gion, Phillips' Legion, Jeff Davis Legion. Tabular Recapitulation. In the following table is presented, in parallel columns, a summary of the sub-divisions of the two armies. As the modes of organization, were, in some respects, quite different, it is not, in all of its items, a proper basis of comparison between them. Union. Confederate. Infantry. Corps, 7 3 Divisions, 19 9 Brigades, 51 37 Regiments, &c, belonging to each army, .... 251 182 Organizations on or near the field, 249 173 Organizations engaged, 240 171 Equivalent of those engaged, in regiments of 10 companies, 226 TABULAR RECAPITULATION. Cavalry. Union. Confederate Corps, 1 Divisions, 3 1 Brigades, 8 7 Regiments, &c., belonging to each army, .... 39 32 Organizations on the field, 34 32 Organizations engaged, 34 32 Equivalent, in regiments, of those engaged, de- ducting absent companies, &c , 27| The same, deducting H'd Quarter Guards, &c, . 25 Artillery. Brigades (Federal), or battalions (Confed.), . . 14 16 Divisions, 3 Brigades, or battalions with infantry, 7 9 Brigades, or battalions (for infantry), in reserve, 5 6 Brigades, or battalions with cavalry, 2 1 Batteries, 73 69 Batteries with infantry, . 37 35 Battteries (for infantry), in reserve, 24 27 Batteries for cavalry, 12 7 Actual battery organizations, 67 J 69 Actual batttery organizations engaged, .... 62 J (68 Bat.) 67 Number of guns, 372 299 Number of guns with infantry, 320 257 Number of guns with cavalry, 52 42 Number of guns present at. Gettysburg, .... 341 292 Number of guns present for use on Infantry Field, 295 250 Number of guns present for use on Cavalry Field, 46 42 ************* Entire number of commands belonging to army, 363 283 Entire number of commands for service, .... 360 283 Entire number of commands on or near the field, 353 274 Entire number of commands engaged, 342 270 Equivalent of commands engaged, in entire organ- izations of their class, 316 States represented, 18 12 81 82 MONUMENTAL GETTYSBURG. The difference of two infantry commands, and one of cavalry, between the figures of the forces at or near Gettysburg, for ser- vice, and those of forces belonging to the Potomac army, is oc- casioned by the 15th New York (3 companies), and 50th New York, of the Engineer Corps, and the Oneida (N. Y.) cavalry, of the Signal Corps. These organizations in no way participated in the Gettysburg fight. The troops of the Engineer Corps were ordered to Washington, D. C, July 1st. No tabular statement can, by an enumeration of forces en-, gaged, give a very accurate presentation of the relative value of the different troops to a commander. On the roster of the Union army a few commands are marked, "not engaged," because they were employed in guarding trains. On the other hand, all the Sixth Corps troops are regarded as being " engaged," because they were present on the field, in line of battle, under fire, ready for any emergency that might arise. Yet, in Grant's Vermont brigade, the only casualty reported is one man wounded. The commands which, during a great battle, guard trains or, on pro- vost duty, prevent demoralization and skulking in the rear, are as essential to the plans of a commander, in his struggle for victory, as are those who make the headlong charge in the arena of conflict. Huey's cavalry brigade of the Union army was not on the field at all. They were just where Meade needed them for contingencies that might arise. Taken all in all, however, there have been few great combats of modern times, in which so nearly the total strength of both armies was tested to its utmost. Every available infantry com- mand and field-battery present was hotly engaged, except some of the regiments of the Sixth Corps and a few batteries in the Union army. In the cavalry and horse-artillery, there were a few commands of each force that were not required to do severe fighting. Memoranda. 83 Note — The facts as to the organizations in the two armies, as presented in this work, are substantially those compiled under the direction of Brigadier- General Richard C Drum, Adjutant General, U. S. A , from the Federal and Confederate rolls and returns on file in the War Department. Of course, as far as the United States' forces are concerned, they are entirely full and ac- curate. The information obtained from the Confederate documents, in some cases, is not quite so complete. The figures as to the number of guns in each army, and their distribution, are those given by Gen. Hunt, Chief of Artillery in the Army of the Potomac, making the necessary additions for the section of two guns with Gregg, on the one hand ; and the two batteries with Jenkins and Imboden, on the other. J. H. W. Memoranda on Chapters II and III. It was Gen. Gordon, of Georgia, who had Gen. Barlow, of the Eleventh Corps, taken from the field, and who sent word to his wife, in the rear of Meade's army, 17 miles away. Although it was then 4 o'clock, p. m., July 1st, she reached and passed through the Confederate lines at 2 o'clock the next morning. Gordon never knew that Barlow survived until he met him, years after, in the city of Washington. Brigadier-General William Smith, of Early's division, was the man famil- iarly known politically as "Extra Billy." At the time of the Gettysburg fight, Smith was Governor-elect of Virginia. His brigade, known as the "Light Brigade," had been commanded by both A. P. Hill and Jubal A. Early. Its last commander was Kyd Douglass, of Hagerstown, who, at Get- tysburg, was Adjutant-General of Johnson's division. It was the last infantry brigade of Lee's army to lay down its arms at Appomattox. The First Maryland battalion, of the Confederate army, was more generally known as the Second Maryland Infantry, although the former was its official title. Krzyzanowski, of the Eleventh Corps, a Pole by birth, died in New York city, Feb., 1887.