&'"*>'• nx** w -. m 'St ■ \\ JiK ■ 7 ■ ■ <■ ■ \\ V-. wt k ,\ I ( •i'''r"'-> VJVIVERSITY^AyS ~D) CITY BUI IBB. THE T*TEW I : DXIF Eemy SLatter. Higl THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY AND CITY GUIDE, ON A NEW PLAN: Containing A FULL DESCRIPTION OF THE COLLEGES, HALLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, LIBRARIES, GARDENS, WALKS, PICTURES AND STATUES, IN OXFORD With an Account of the DRESSES, EXAMINATIONS, DEGREES, Distinctive Ranks, Manners, Customs, fye. OF W$z Mtmt)tv& of tt)t 3$mtomttp* To which is added, A GUIDE TO BLENHEIM, THE SEAT OF $18 <&vatt t$t Bv&e of iW an borough A NEW EDITION, With considerable Additions. OXPORD : HENRY SLATTER, PRINTING OFFICE, HIGH STREET. 1834. iZMtttts at Station***' iHaU, actoramg to act of parliament, Just published, price 12s. VIEWS of all the COLLEGES, HALLS, and PUB- LIC BUILDINGS, in the University and City of Oxford ; with Descriptions, which point out to Strangers all the Places and Curiosities more particu- larly deserving of their notice. WALKS IN OXFORD ; comprising an Account of the Colleges, Halls, and Public Buildings of the Univer- sity and City, with an Introductory Outline of the Academical History of Oxford : to which is added, a concise History of the City. Illustrated by seventy- two Views, drawn and engraved by J. and H. S. Storer. By W. M. Wade. 2 vols. 12mo. Price ll. Is. Large Paper, 8vo. ll. 12s. Now publishing, in Monthly Numbers, MEMORIALS of OXFORD. By J. Ingram, D.D. President of Trinity College, Oxford. Each Number contains two Engravings by Le Keux, from Drawings by F. Mackenzie. V The above are sold by H. SLATTER. OuU^Cf ^( Printed byJ. Munday, jun. and JR. V. Turner, Oxford. O o -"5 TO JOHN SHUTE AND PHILIP BURY DUNCAN MASTERS OF ARTS OF NEW COLLEGE OXFORD BROTHERS EMINENTLY AND EQUALLY DISTINGUISHED BY THEIR PATRONAGE OF THE FINE ARTS MUNIFICENT DONATIONS TO ALMA MATER AND UNWEARIED EFFORTS TOWARDS THE EXTENSION OF BENEVOLENCE AND VIRTUE THE AUTHOR WITH SENTIMENTS OF GRATITUDE DEDICATES THIS SMALL WORK THUS FOLLOWING THE ANCIENT PRECEPT APX0MEN0Y2 A' EPrOY IIP02QII0N XPH 0EMEN THAAYFES. tfggyga^aygy QXTOSU) * A #w/ re-j-A/ /""// s Pembroke Coll 1 \ //, ,'/,*:, 'loll. ' L Ken, College T McrtonColl C Trinity Coll ^[Wbdlutm Coll UCorpatOmtltC. VJialiol Coll. jf Queens Coll. V S.'Maw Ball E Jenu I oil 2£agdaLen Cod W MagdoJ/wtla/l I I '-Trier (oil jr nnwin -Coll X EOmund /Call M rT/^'vofrC Q <*** ** XmonjMl ' III IsooL- Coll. JR ChristOumhC. 7. Ye* Inn ffedt Streets rf^ Lanes VJffetV Jtoad 17 SlMoiys fti/l Wane 5 lOStEbbjr Street 'WMag'vyeLi J vJ'fiiibmlc St: IDJEopie lane I?. lice/' Zone 20€oaeh Ajfm:ie.tLcn< TAjttreu er.r Zone 2\ Queen.* Coll. lone J4. £ony Wall 22Jbu>T/tjY Magdalen College 27 (£fp Queen's College 38 St. Edmund's Hall - 43 St. Peter's-in the-East Ch. 44 {t^r* University College 45 Kg- All Souls' College 49 St. Mary's Church - 54 5t3* Radcliffe's Library 56 Brasennose College * 59 The Schools - - 61 fc^ Bodleian Library 62 &^* Picture Gallery - 64 The Arundel Marbles 70 Pomfret Statues - 72 Divinity School - 73 ^ Theatre - - 74 Clarendon Printing Office 78 ^ New College - 78 Magdalen Hall - 86 Wadhani College - 87 £3=- Ashmolean Museum 91 Exeter College - 97 Jesus College - 100 Lincoln College - 102 Page All Saints' Church 105 The Market - - 105 |fc^» Trinity College 106 Balliol College - 111 Kf» St. John's College 114 Radcliffe's Infirmary 120 Observatory - 120 House of Industry - 122 New Printing Office 122 Worcester College 123 St. xMary Magdalen Ch. 125 St. Michael's Church 126 New Inn Hall - 127 St. Martin's (or Carfax) Church - - 128 Carfax 128 The Town Hall - 130 St. Aldate's Church 130 Pembroke College - 131 Kf* Christ Church - 134 Oriel College - - 153 St. Mary Hall - - 156 Corpus Christi College 157 S3 3 Merton College 161 Alban Hall - - 166 ROUTE II. FROM THE ANGEL INN. Tower of Magdalen College, is The Botanic Garden - 25 On leaving this Inn, turn on the right, pass by the row of Elms, and opposite the beautiful Continue the same as Route I. b 2 ROUTE III. From the Star and Roe-buck Inns, and also the Three Goats, the Cross, the Three Cups Iwn, and the New Inn. To Carfax, or the centre of the four Streets Town Hall Thence according to Route I. regularly to Alban Hall - Then pass under the Chestnut Trees of Mer- ton Garden, and turn on the left into the lane which leads to the High-street, at the end 128 130 166 Page of which lane, by turn- ing on the right, we soon arrive at the Botanic Garden - 25 Whence we proceed by Route I. to Magdalen College - 27 and onwards to Carfax - 128 which is near the afore- mentioned Inns Up the High-street to Carfax - - 128 and proceed, as in last ROUTE IV. FROM THE MITRE INN. Route, or from 109 as may be deemed most convenient ROUTE V. FROM THE KING'S ARMS INN. 8T To Wadham College By Route I. to Alban Hall Thence, as in Route III. to Botanic Garden - 25 166 and by Route I. pro- ceed until we arrive at New College which is near the King's Arms Inn 78 ROUTE VI. FROM THE WHEATSHEAF INN. Proceed up the street called St. Aldate's, or St. Toll's, and on the left, opposite Christ Church is Pembroke College - Thence, regularly on- wards, by Route I. to 131 Alban Hall - Thence to the Botanic Garden and onwards to the Town Hall which is situated St. Toll's. 166 25 130 *** These six Routes will conduct strangers, without inquiry to the different places in the University, &c. By referring to the Index, any particular College, Hall, or Inn, may be found, when it will be easy to proceed by turning to the page. The Distances of various Places from Oxford. To Bath, through Kingston Inn, Faringdon, (18 miles,) Lechlade, Fairford, Cirencester, Tetbury, Didmarton, and Gross Hands :— 69 miles and 5 furlongs. Ditto, through Burford, (18 miles and a half,) Bibury, and Cirencester : — 68 miles. Ditto, through Faringdon, Highworth, Swindon, Wotton Basset, and Chippenham :— 65 miles. To Bristol, through Kingston fnn, FaTingdon, Highworth, Luckington, Pucklechurch,and Mangotsfield :~66 miles and 5 furlongs. To Birmingham, through Woodstock, (8 miles,) Enstone, Shipston, Stratford- on- Avon, & Henley-in-Arden: — 62 miles. To Bicester, 12 miles, and thence to Buckingham,* 11. To Cambridge, through Thame, (13 miles,) Aylesbury, (22 miles,) Leighton Buzzard, Woburn, Ampthill, Bedford, Eaton "Socon, and St. Neot's: — 86 miles. Ditto, through Weston-on-the-Green,(9 miles,) Middleton- Stoney,(12 miles,) Barley Mow, Buckingham, (26 miles and a half.*) Stony Stratford, Newport Pagnell, Olney, Bedford, (57 miles): — 87 miles. To Cheltenham, through Ensham, Witney, (12 miles,) Northleach, Frogmill Inn, and Dowdswell : — 40 miles. To Chichester, through Wallingford, (12 miles and a half,) Streatley, Pangbourn, (22 miles,) Aldermaston, Basingstoke, Alton, Petersfield, and Havant : — 86 miles. Ditto, through Petersfield. South Harting, and Mid Levant : —79 miles. To Coventry, through Hopcroft's Holt, (12 miles,) Ded- Kington, (16 miles and a half,) Adderbury, Banbury, (23 miles,) and Southam : — 50 miles. To Gloucester, through. Cheltenham : — 49f miles. To Hungerford, through Wantage, (14 miles,) and West Shefford:— 81 miles. To London, through Wycombe : — 54 miles : through Hen- ley : — 58 miles. To Northampton, through Middleton Stoney, Buckingham, Brackley, (22 miles,) and Towcester : — 42 miles. To Reading, through Wallingford, Streatley, and Pang- bourn : — 28 miles. To Salisbury, through Abingdon, (6 miles,) East Ilsley, (17 miles,) Newbury, (27 miles,) and Andover: — 60 miles. To Southampton, through Newbury, Whitchurch, and Win- chester, (53 miles): 64 miles and a half. To Warwick, through Deddington, Adderbury, Banbury, and Southam: — 47 miles. Two miles from Warwick is Leamington Priors, celebrated for its Medicinal Waters. To Worcester, through Enstone : — 57 miles. * Two miles from Buckingham is Stowe, the magnificent seat of the Duke of Buckingham. a 2 THE CITY OF OXFORD. The City of Oxford is a corporate body, consist- ing of a Mayor; High Steward; Recorder; four Aldermen ; eight Assistants ; two Bailiffs, and those who have served that office ; two Chamber- lains, and those who have served or passed the office of Chamberlain ; twenty-four Common Council-men; a Town Clerk, and a Solicitor. The Mayor is elected annually from the Aldermen or the Assistants; the Aldermen from the Assist- ants ; the Assistants from such as have served the office of Bailiff ; the Bailiffs from those who have passed the office of Chamberlain, and the Chamber- lains from the four-and-twenty before mentioned, the number of whom is kept up by an annual elec- tion from the body of the Freemen. At these elections the Members of the Council nominate two persons for each office, one of whom must be chosen by the Commons. The number of the Freemen is about 2000. No person, unless he be a Freeman, or matriculated by the Vice -Chancellor, is allowed to carry on trade in the City. Freedom is gained by birth, by apprenticeship, or by purchase. Four Lecturers, appointed to preach in rotation before the Mayor and Corporation, are elected by the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, and Assistants. In the City and Suburbs of Oxford there are fifteen parishes, viz. : Population in 1831. Value In K. B. Patronage. St. Aldate, R. 1789 £8 13 4 Pembroke College. All Saints, C. 560 5 6 8 Lincoln College. Binsey 74 Christ Church. St. Ebbe, R. 3123 3 5 The King. St. Giles, V. 2491 14 12 6 2 St. John's College. Holywell, C. 944 Merton College. St Clement 1836 The King. St. John, C. 122 Merton College. St. Mary the Virgin,V. 419 5 4 o Oriel College. St. Mary Magdalen,V. 2440 6 Christ Church. St. Martin, R. 490 8 1 5| The King. St. Michael, C. 971 Lincoln College. St.Peterle Bailey ,R. 1236 3 14 2 The King. St.PeterintheEast,V. 1126 13 2 1 Merton College. St. Thomas, V. 3277 Christ Church. CHURCHES. 11 These parishes, with the exception of St. Giles's, St. John's, Binsey, and St. Clement's, were conso- lidated by an Act passed in the year 1771, and a Workhouse for their respective paupers was soon afterwards erected. The money raised by rates for the support of this house and the out-poor, is about ten shillings in the pound on the nominal rentals. The whole population of Oxford, at the census of 1831, including the University, in number 1634, the House of Industry, 219, and the Radcliffe In- firmary 145, was 22,896. The number of houses was 3852. The Churches not described in the body of this Guide, on account of their not coming within the regular perambulation, are as follow :— 1st, St. Clement's, in the eastern suburbs of the City. It is a Rectory in the gift of the Crown. In consequence of the great increase of the inha- bitants of this parish, it was lately found necessary to have a much .larger church, and very liberal subscriptions enabled the parishioners to effect this desirable object. Sir Joseph Lock gave a piece of ground at the eastern extremity of the parish, near the Cherwell, for its site. It is a handsome edifice, in the Anglo-Norman style, built by Mr. Hudson, from the designs of Mr. D. Robertson, and was consecrated by the late Dr. Lloyd, Bishop of Ox- ford, on the 14th of June 1828. 2nd, Holywell, situated near the street of that name, at the north-east extremity of the City. It is about 70 feet long, consisting of a nave and chancel, a small chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary, on the southern side of the chancel, and an embattled tower, containing six bells. The tower was finished about the year 1464. The church is more ancient. The parish is named from a very ancient well near the church. 3rd, St. Peter' s-in-the-Bailey, situated at the west end of the City, not far from the County Gaol. It was opened for divine worship in 1740, and in 1753 a neat gallery was added to it, at the expense a3 12 CHURCHES, &C. of Daniel Flexney, a carpenter. The entire length of the fabric is about 70 feet, and the breadth 38. In the tower are two bells only. 4th, St. Thomas's, which is situated at the w^est-^ ern extremity of the City, on the right of the entrance into the City, on the Cheltenham road. It consists of a nave and a chancel, measures about 100 feet in length, and has, at the west end, a neat embattled tower, containing six bells. The church was founded by the canons of Osney, in 1141. It has lately been very much improved, and newly pe wed. There are four Dissenting Chapels in the City of Oxford, the Baptist, on the New-road, which has lately been considerably enlarged; the Independ- ent, lately erected in George-lane, a large, hand- some Gothic edifice from the plans, and under the direction of Mr. Green shields ; Mr. Bulteel's large Chapel, finished in 1832, built by Mr. Fisher, of Oxford ; and a handsome Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, in New Inn Hall Lane, built by Mr. Evans, and opened in February, 1818. In St. Clement's, in the suburbs of the City, is a small neat Roman Catholic Chapel, and a Baptist Chapel recently erected. A Provident Bank for receiving the savings of the industrious poor was established in Oxford in 1816, and was enrolled and placed under the new Act in January, 1818. A well-conducted and very useful Dispensary contributes to the relief of such as are unable to pay for medical assistance* It is supported by annual subscribers, and by Mr. Goring's munificent dona* tion of fifteen hundred pounds* Several Charity Schools are established in this City ; and a very large one for boys, on Dr. Bell's plan, is supported at the expense of the University. There are also several w^ell-founded Alms Houses in the City and suburbs. On Monday, the 14th of September, 1818, the foundation-stone of the buildings for making gas, for the purpose of lighting the University and City, THE LUNATIC ASYLUM. 13 was laid by four Gentlemen of the Gas-light Com- mittee. These buildings are erected on the banks of the Isis, in a ground near Littlegate, called the Friars, from its formerly being the site of a Monas- tery of the Franciscan or Grey Friars. On the 6th of September, 1819, the brilliant and pure illumina- tion with gas became general throughout the Uni- versity and City. Bankers. Messrs. Parsons and Co. on Hammersley and Co. Thos. Walker, Esq. and Co. on Willis, Percival, and Co. Messrs. Cox, Morrell, and Co. on Jones, Loyd, and Co. Messrs. Tubb, Wootten, and Co. on Masterraan and Co. *** For a list of the Members of the Corporation, City Officers, &c. see page 22. Between the celebrated walk, called Headington Hill, and the Cowley Road, has recently been erected, by subscription, a large and airy building called the Radcliffe Lunatic Asylum. It was built by Mr. Evans, from the designs of Mr. Ingleman, and is extremely well adapted for persons suffering under a derangement of intellect. Several patients are now in the House, and no establishment of this kind in the kingdom is conducted upon a better plan, or more carefully watched over and attended to. a Uitt of Boofes, Illustrative of the HISTORY OF THE COUNTY, UNIVERSITY, AND CITY OF OXFORD. Plott's Natural History of Oxfordshire, second edition, 1705, foiio. Brewer's Description of the County of Oxford, Svo. 1813. Kennett's Parochial Antiquities ; containing an Account of Ambrosden, Burcester, and other places, 2 vols. Oxford, 1718, 4to. Dunkin's History and Antiquities of Bicester, 1816, 8vo. Dunkin's History and Antiquities of the Hundreds of Bulling- ton and Ploughley, 2 vols. 1823, 4to. Warton's History of Kiddington, 1815, 4to. Schola Thamensis ex Fundatione Joannis Williams, 1575, fol. Swaine's Memoirs of Osney Abbey, 1769, 8vo. Mavor's Description of Blenheim, 1827, Svo. Pointer's Account of a Roman Pavement at Stunsfield, 1713, 8vo. Sibthorpe's Flora Oxoniensis, 1794, 8vo. Walker's Flora Oxoniensis, 8vo. 1833. Young's View of the Agriculture of Oxfordshire, 8vo. Davis's General View of ditto, 1794. An Account of the University of Oxford is contained in some RhymingVerses, by Trevytlan, or Trevytliam, a Franciscan Friar, in^the reign of Henry VI. published by Hearne at the end of" Hist. Vitse Ric. 11." 1729, Svo. Caii Assertio Antiquitatis Oxoniensis Academiae, published by Hearne. Oxford, 1730, 2 vols. 8vo. Dodwelli Dissertatio de Parma Equestri Woodwardiana, published by Hearne, 1730, 8vo. Fierberti Oxoniensis Acad. Descriptio, 1602, 12mo. Twyni Antiquitatis Acad.Oxon. Apologia, 1608, 4to. At the end of Hearne's Textus Rotfensis is an account of the University and City, by Hutten, written in 1559. Fulman, Notitia Oxoniensis Academiae, 1675, 4to. Collegiorum , Scholarumque Publicarum Acad. Oxon. Typo- graphica Delineatio, per Tho. Nelum, published by Hearne, LIST OF BOOKS. 15 Langbaine on the Foundation of the University of Oxford , 1651, 4to. Wood, Historia et Antiquitates Universitatis Oxoniensis, 2 vols. 1674, folio. This is a Translation into Latin of Wood's Work in English, which original English has since been published, with much additional matter, in 5 vols. 4to. by the Rev. J. Gutch, the late University Registrar. Peshall's History of the University of Oxford, to the Death of William the Conqueror, 1772, 8vo. Peshall's History of the University of Oxford, from the Death of William the Conqueror to the Demise of Queen Eliza- beth, 1773, 4to. * # * The above two Works are chiefly taken from Wood. Wood's Athenae Oxonienses, 2 vols. 1721, folio, lately repub- lished in 4to. with additions and a continuation by Dr. Philip Bliss, of St. John's College, Oxford. Lives cf Leland, Hearne, and Wood, 2 vols. 1772, Svo. Memorials of Hearne, 1736, Svo. Ayliife's Ancient and Present State of the University, 2 vols, 1714, Svo. *** An Account of his Prosecution for writing this book was published in 1716, Svo. Terrae Filius ; or the Secret History of Oxford, by Amherst, 2 vols. 1754, 12mo. Pointer's Antiquities of the University of Oxford, 1749 ? 12mo. Chalmers* History of the Colleges, Halls, &c. of the Univer- sity of Oxford, with numerous plates, 2 vols. 1810, Svo. History of the University of Oxford, with numerous plates, published by Ackermann, 2 vols. 1814, 4to. Oxonia Explicata et Ornata ; an interesting Work, in En- glish, pointing out the means of improving and beautifying Oxford, written by Dr. Tatham, Rector of Lincoln Col- lege, first in 1773, and newly written and republished in 1820. Aubry, Oxonii Dux Poeticus, 1795, 12mo. A Translation of this was published at Louth a few years since. The Statutes of the University are published in 4to. and a Selection of them in 12mo. Faber's Portraits of the Founders of the Colleges in Oxford, folio. Portraits of the Founders, published by Ackermann, in 1816, 4to. Logman, Oxonia Illustrata, 1675, folio. Williams, Oxonia Depicta, 1733, folio. Malton's Views of Oxford, 1810, folio. Specimens of Gothic Architecture, selected from Buildings in Oxford, &c. by Mackenzie and Pugin, 4to. Smith's Annals of University College, 1728, Svo. Savage's Balliofergus, 1668, 4to. 16 LIST OF BOOKS. Lowth\s Life of William of Wykeham, Founder of New Col- lege, 1777, 8vo. Historica Descriptio complectens Vitam, &c. Gulielmi Wi- cami, 1690, 4to. Chandler's Life of Waynflete, Founder of Magdalen College, 1811, 8vo. Duck's Life of Chichele, Founder of All Souls' College, 1699, 8vo. Spencer's Life of Chichele, 1783, 8vo. Genealogical Account of the Families derived from Chichele. 1765, 4to. Churton's Lives of the Founders of Brasennose College, 1800, 8vo. The Statutes of Brasennose College, in Latin, 1772. Fiddes' Life of Cardinal Wolsey, 1724, folio. Warton's Life of Sir Thomas Pope, Founder of Trinity Col- lege, 1780, 8vo. Oxoniana ; being a Collection of curious Anecdotes, &c. re- lative to Oxford, 4 vols. 12mo. Memorials of Oxford; containing Accounts of the Colleges, Halls, Churches, and other Public Buildings, edited by Dr. Ingram, President of Trinity College. Illustrated with numerous fine engravings and woodcuts, 2 vols. 4to. & 8vo. 1833. Oxford Delineated ; or a Sketch of the History and Anti- quities, and a General Topographical Description of that celebrated University and City ; illustrated by a Series of Views of the Colleges, Halls, and other Public Buildings, &c. 4to. 1833. A Catalogue of the Collection of Pictures in the Library at Christ Church, and of the Portraits in Christ Church Hall, 1833. The Oxford Guide in Miniature, 18mo. 1831. Curia Oxoniensis ; containing severe remarks on the Statutes relative to the University Court, the Inquisitorial Power of the Proctors, &c. by the Rev. John Walker, B.C.L. of New College, 8vo. 1825. An Abstract of the Report of the Commissioners for enquiring concerning the Charities of the City and Suburbs of the City of Oxford, Svo. 1823. Whittock's Topographical and Historical Description of the University and City of Oxford, illustrated by plates, 4to. 1828. Letters taken from the Bodleian Library, 3 vols. 8vo. 1813. The Oxford Sausage ; consisting of Witty Poems, by Mem- bers of the University. The Oxford Spy, a Satire. Salmon's Present State of the University of Oxford, 1744, 8vo. Wade's Walks in Oxford, with seventy-two Engravings, 2 vols. 12mo. and 8vo. RELATIVE TO OXFORD. 17 Oxford University Calendar, annually, Skelton's Oxonia Antiqua Restaurata, 4to. 1S22. Feshali's Ancient and Present State of the City of Oxford ; from Wood, 1773, 4to. Kind's Vestiges of Oxford Castle, 179G, folio. In Hearne's Annales de Dunstaple, and his Liber Niger, there are several Charters granted to the City ; and some curious Historical Anecdotes of Oxford, during the Rebel- lion, are also in the Annales de Dunstaple. At the end of Boyle's History of the Air, is an Account of the changes of Air observed in Oxford from 1660 to 1677. !n the Gentleman's Magazine, vol. 41, p. 285, is a curious Article concerning Godstow. fn Hearne's Spicil. ad G. Neubrig. are Anecdotes of Godstow and Binsey, near Oxford. The " Custome of the Mannor of Woodstock" is in the Pre- face to the 8th vol. of Leland's Itinerary, and a Roll rela- tive to this Manor is at the end of Hearne's Robert de Avesbury. la 1761, Huddesford published a Catalogue of Anthony- Wood's Manuscripts. An Account of the Visit of George the IVth, the Emperor of Russia, the King of Prussia, &c. to the University, in 1814, was published at Oxford, and given to the Members of Convocation and others. Forty- two Views in Oxford; containing all the Colleges, Halls, and Public Buildings. The Paean of Oxford, a Poem, by William C. Townsend, of Queen's College, 8vo. 1826. Oxford. A Poem, by R. Montgomery, B.A of Lincoln College. Third Edition, Svo. 1834. Oxford University and City Guide. 1834. %* For a more particular Account of Books relative to Oxford, see Gough's Catalogue, printed at the Clarendon Press in 1811. Present GOVERNORS of the COLLEGES and HALLS. ■WA.'^'V'W All Souls 1 Balliol Brasennose Ch. Ch* Corpus Exeter Jesus Lincoln Magdalene Merton New Oriel Pembroke Queen's St. John's Trinity University Wadham Worcester Alban Edmund Magdalene New Inn Si. Mary Colleges. Rev. Lewis Sneyd, ill. A. Richard Jenkyns, D.D. { Ashhurst Turner Gilbert, } I D.D. ] { Thomas Gaisford, D.D.J I Regius Professor of Greek S Thomas Edw. Bridges, D.D. John Collier Jones, D.D. Henry Foulkes, D.D. Edward Tatham, D.D. M. J. Routh, D.D. Robert Marsham, D.C.L. S Philip Nicholas Shuttle- i I worth, D.D. \ Edward Hawkins, D.D; George William Hall, D.D. John Fox, D.D. Philip Wynter, D.D. James Ingram, D.D. George Rowley, D.D. Benj. Parsons Symons,D.D. 5 "VVhittington Landon, D.D. c Dean of Exeter : Elected Warden 1827 Master 1819 Principal 1822 Dean 1831 President 1823 Rector 1819 Principal 1817 Rector 1792 President 1791 Warden 1826 . Warden 1822 Provost 1828 Master 1809 Provost 1827 President 1328 President 1824 Master 182J Warden 1831 Provost 1795 Halls. Edward Cardwell, D.D. Principal 1831 Anthony Grayson, D.D. Principal 1&24 John David Macbride,D.C.L.PHwc^aZ 1813 John Antony Cramer, D.D. Principal 1831 Renn Dickson Hampden, D.D. Principal 1833 There are nineteen Colleges and five Halls in the Univer- sity, and the number of Members on the books of these So- cieties is now upwards of 5200. * Canons.— E. C. Dowdeswell, D.D. ; Frederick Barnes, D.D. ; Henry Woodcock, D.D.; William Buckland, D.D. Reader in Mineralogy and Geology; Edward Bouverie Pusey, B.D. Regius Professor of Hebrew: Edward Burton, D.D. and Regius Professor of Divinity; Richard William Jelf, B.D. ; and John Bull, D.D, PROFESSORS, &C. 19 Chancellor. 1834 His Grace the Duke of Wellington. High Steward. 1801 Right Hon. John Scott, Earl Eldon. Vice- Chancellor. 1832 George Rowley, D.D. Master of University College. Proctors. 1834 Rev. Jas. Hardwicke Dyer, M.A. Fellow of Trinity Coll. Rev. William Harding, M.A. Fellow of Wadham Coll. Representatives in Parliament. T. G. B. Estcourt, Esq. Corpus Christi College. Sir R. H. Inglis, Bart; D:C.L. Christ Church. Regius Professor of Divinity. Rev. Edward Burton, D.D. Canon of Christ Church. Regius Professor of Civil Law* Joseph Phillimore, D.C.L. Christ Church. Regius Professor of Medicine, John Kidd, D.M. Christ Church. Regius Professor of Hebrew. Edward Bouverie Pusey, B.D. Canon of Christ Church. Regius Professor of Greek. The Very Rev. the Dean of Christ Church. Margaret Professor of Divinity. Godfrey Faussett, D.D. Magdalene College. Professor of Natural Philosophy. George Leigh Cooke, B.D. Corpus Christi College. Savilian Professor of Geometry. Rev. Baden Powell, M.A. Oriel College. Savilian Professor of Astronomy, and Radcliffe Observer. Stephen Peter Rigaud, M.A. Exeter College. Professor of Moral Philosophy. William Mills, B.D. Magdalene College. 20 PROFESSORS, &e. Camderis Professor of Ancient History* Edward Cardwell, D.D. Principal of St. Alban Halt Professor of Music. William Crotch, Doctor of Music. Archbishop Laud's Professor of Arabic. Wyndham Knatchbull, D.D. All Souls' College. Regius and Sherardian Professor of Botany*. C. Giles Bridle Daubeny, D.M. Magdalene College. Professor of Poetry. Rev. John Keble, M.A. Oriel College. Regius Professor of Modern History and Modern Languages. Edward Nares, D.D. Merton College. Anglo-Saxon Professor. Francis Pearson Walesby, B.C.L. Fellow of Lincoln College Vinerian Professor of Common Law. Philip Williams, D.C.L. New College. Lord Lichfield's Clinical Professor. James Adey Ogle, D.M. Trinity College. Lord Almoner's Prcelector in Arabic. J. D. Macbride, D.C.L. Principal of Magdalene HalL Aldrichian Professor of Medicine. James Adey Ogle, D.M. Trinity College. Aldrichian Professor of Anatomy. John Kidd,D.M. Christ Church. Aldrichian Professor of Chemistry. C.Giles Bridle Daubeny, D.M. Magdalene College. Drummond's Professor of Political Economy. Rev. Wm. Forster Lloyd, M.A. Student of Christ Chujc!*, Boden Professor of Sanscrit. Horace Hayman Wilson, M.A. of Exeter College. Lee's Lecturer in Anatomy, fyc, John Kidd, D.M. Christ Church. PROFESSORS, &C. 21 Reader in Experimental Philosophy* Stephen Peter Rigaud, M.A. Exeter College. Reader in Mineralogy. William Buckland, D.D. and Canon of Christ Church. Reader in Geology. William Buckland, D.D. and Canon of Christ Church, Public Orator. J. A. Cramer, D.D. Principal of New Inn Hall. Bodleian Librarian. Bulkeley Bandinel, D.D. New College. Keeper of the Archives. Rev. Philip Bliss, D.C.L. St. John's College. Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum. Philip Bury Duncan, M.A. Fellow of New College Radcliffe's Librarian. John Kidd, D.M. Christ Church. Registrar of the University. Rev. Philip Bliss, D.C.L. St. John's College. UNIVERSITY OFFICERS. Esquire Bedels. Henry Forster, B. A. New College, of Divinity- George Valentine Cox, M.A. of Physic and Arts. Tilleman Hodgkinson Bobart, of Law. Yeomen Bedels. Mr. John Brown, of Physic and Arts. Mr. John Holliday, of Divinity. Mr. Thomas James, of Law. Organist Mr. Walter Vicary, B. Mus. Bailiff Mr. Edmund Grove. Clerk of the Schools Mr. George Purdue. Divinity Clerk Mr. John Pater. Verger Mr. Richard Norris. Marshal Mr. Moses Holliday. OXFORD TERMS. 1834. Hilary Term begins Jan. 14th, ends March 22nd. Easter Term begins April 9th, ends May 17th. Trinity Term begins May 21st, ends July 5th. Michaelmas Term begins Oct. 10th, ends Dec. 17th. MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, AND OFFICERS OF THE CITY. ■w-v-v^^^v^*^ Mayor. William Thorp, Esq. High Steward. His Grace the Duke of Marlborough. Recorder. The Hon. Mr. Justice Taunton. Deputy Recorder. John Wastie, Esq. Representatives in Parliament. James Haughton Langston, Esq. William Hughes Hughes, Esq. Aldermen. Richard Cox, Esq. I Sir Joseph Lock Herbert Parsons, Esq. j Thomas Ensworth, Esq. Assistants. Richard Wootten, Esq. Thomas Robinson, Esq. William Slatter, Esq. Richard Ferdinand Cox, Esq. Thomas Wyatt, Esq. Richard Sheen, Esq. James Banting, Esq. p. Mr. John Pinfold | Mr. Samuel Sutton Chamberlains* Mr. Thomas Sheard | Mr. Thomas Butler Town Clerk. Mr. Thomas Roberson. Solicitor. Mr. Percival Walsh. Coroner. Mr. George Cecil. VEJMBERS OF THE COUNCIL CHAMBER. 23 Those who have passed the Office of Bailiff. Sir Digby Mackworth, Baft. Mr. John Coleman Mr. Laurence Wyatt Mr. Thomas Robe-rson Mr. Percival Walsh Mr. Thomas Burrows Mr. Richard Gee J. Wastie, Esq. Mr. Edward Micklem Mr. Charles Adams Mr. George Cecil Mr. Charles Brown Mr. James Morrell Mr. William Rowland Mr. Henry Sadler Mr. Robert Juggins Mr. Charles Foster Mr. Thomas Jones Sir Charles Wetherell Mr. John James Coles Mr. William Fisher Mr. Samuel Moore Mr. W. H. Butler Mr. Thomas Slatter Mr. William Giles J. H. Langston, Esq. M.P. Mr. Deodatus Eaton Mr. Crews Dudley Mr. Thomas Mallam Mr. William Joy Mr. William Cooke Mr. Charles James Sadler John Shute Duncan, Esq, Mr. Richard Dry Mr. James Giles Mr. John Thorp Mr. William Parker Sir John Conroy, K.G H. Mr. John Parsons Mr. Henry Slatter Those who have passed Mr. Thomas Prickett Mr. Prince Tubb Mr. J. Jackson Mr. Samuel Trash Mr. Charles Gee Mr. Edward Latimer Mr. Thomas Dry Mr. James Wyatt Mr. Edward Lock Mr. Thomas Randall Mr. Robert Wyatt the Office of Chamberlain. Mr. Robert Mallam Mr. John Hudson Mr. John Rainsford Mr. Jonathan S. Browning Mr. Joseph Munday Mr. James Hunt Mr. William Dry Mr. William Floyd Mr. Charles Pilcher Mr. Charles Tawney Co m moil Council. Mr. Mark Morrell Mr. Thomas Smith Mr. T. R. Walker Mr. Henry Ward Mr. Henry Walsh Mr. William Baxter Mr. William Scott Mr. John Plowman Mr. William Law Mr. Thomas Taylor Mr. Nathaniel Penson Mr. Richard Giles Mr. Thomas Wyatt, jun. Mr. George Dennis Dudley Mr. David Brocklesby Mr. Percival Walsh, jun. Mr. George Parsons Hester Mr. George Rackstrow Mr. Charles J. S. Robefson Mr. Guy Thomson Mr. James Morrell, jun. Mr. Thomas Randall Mr. John Fisher | Mr. Charles Brown 24 OFFICERS OF THE CITY. Lecturers, 1 Rev. William Brown, M. A. 2 Rev. the Warden of Wadham College, 3 Rev. William Firth, B.D. 4 Rev. Charles Henry Cox, M.A. Mace Bearer. Mr. William Giles. Mayor's Sergeants* Mr. George Neille. Mr. John Atkins. Bailiffs' Sergeants* Mr. Henry Chapman. Mr. William Barnes. City Marshal. Mr. James Gardner. The Post Office is in Queen-street, or, as it is often called, the Butcher-row. Letters are forwarded to London every night, except Sa- turday; to other places, every night. It is open frotn eight in the morning till eleven at night. A Penny must be paid with every letter put in after nine at night ; and from half-past ten to eleven, One Shilling. *£* By a new regulation this Office now closes at half-past Seven, instead of Nine, for all letters addressed to the under- named counties: — Cheshire, Cumberland, Derbyshire, Dur- ham, Lancashire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Northampton- shire, Northumberland, Nottinghamshire, Rutlandshire, Staf- fordshire, Shropshire, Warwickshire, Westmorland, York- shire, North Wales, Ireland, Scotland: including- the Towns of Dudley, Stourbridge, Bewdley, Kidderminster, & Stourport, and the whole of the West of England. a n w * § B ^ e K 3 ^ - H h - § M < ^ % a | E THE OXFORD GUIDE. ACCORDING to the plan proposed in the Introduction, we commence our walk at the eastern or London entrance into Oxford. The Henley and Wycombe Roads from the Metro- polis meet at MAGDALEN BRIDGE. This handsome stone Bridge, over the Cher- well, is 526 feet in length, and was built, under the direction of Mr. Gwynn, in 1779. On the right-hand is a view of Magdalen Walk ; on the left is seen, at a greater distance, part of the beautiful Walk belonging to Christ Church. Near this Bridge are the new and very hand- some Warm and Cold Baths, erected by Mr. A. H. Richardson, of St. Clement's, which are equal to any establishment of the kind in the kingdom. The cold bath is of an oval shape, 83 feet long and 44 wide ; the bottom and sides are lined with Bath stone, and the basin con- tains 129,000 gallons of the most pellucid water, which is kept in a perpetual state of change by means of machinery. There are eighteen dress- ing-rooms, a large reading-room, and a conve- nient place for gymnastic exercises. Immediately after passing over this Bridge, on the left-hand, is THE BOTANIC GARDEN, Which was founded by Henry Lord D'Anvers, Earl of Danby. The first stone of the walls was laid by the Vice-Chancellor, on the 25th of 26 BOTANIC GARDEN. July, 1622; they were finished in 1633, are fourteen feet high, and cost about 5000/. The fine gateway was built by Nicholas Stone, sen. from a design by Inigc^ Jones ; the charge for its construction was upwards of 500/. It is ornamented with a bust of the Earl of Danby. On the right and left are statues of Charles I. and II. which were purchased with the money arising from a fine levied on the Oxford Anti- quary, Anthony a Wood, for having libelled the character of the Earl of Clarendon, in the first edition of his Athenas Oxonienses. On the left-hand side of the gateway is the Library, which corresponds with a Green-house on the opposite side. It contains a good collection of books on botany and other branches of natural history, and the celebrated herbariums of She- rard and Dillenius. There are three Green- houses, two on the right-hand side of the gate- way, and one on the left ; and, without the walls, eastward of the Garden, is a small Hot- house, of ancient construction, in which are kept a few of the more scarce and curious plants. In the open parts of the Garden there is a good collection of hardy plants, arranged according to the Linnaean system. The ground on which the Garden stands was formerly a burying- place for the Jews, who resided in great numbers in Oxford until they were driven from England by Edward I. in 1290. This Garden is the oldest establishment of the kind in England. William Sherard, D.C.L. sometime Fellow of St. John's College, bequeathed 3000/. to the University for the endowment of a Professorship, which is in the gift of the College of Physicians. In 1793 a Regius Professorship was established. The late Professor, Dr. Sibthorpe, who resided some years in Turkey and Greece, enriched the col- lection with many plants from those parts. Per- MAGDALEN COLLEGE. CHAPEL. 27 sons who are fond of the study of botany may receive minute information respecting the plants in this Garden, from the intelligent assistant to the Professor, who is always on the spot, for the purpose of conducting strangers to the different walks, the Green-houses, and Hot-house. Almost opposite to the Garden, at the com- mencement of the row of elms, is the entrance to ^r> MAGDALEN COLLEGE.* *** The Porter's Lodge is on the first right-hand corner of the entrance Court. The entrance to the first Court is through a modern gateway of the Doric order, decorated with a statue of Waynflete : in a corner of this Court, near the Chapel, is an ancient stone pulpit, from which the anniversary sermon, on the festival of St. John the Baptist, was for- merly preached ; on which occasion the Court was fitted up with green boughs, in allusion to the preaching of St. John in the Wilderness. This sermon is now delivered before the Uni- versity in the Ante-Chapel. On the left side of this Court are the President's Lodgings, erected ill 1485, and altered in 1769. Near the Lodgings is the old entrance, now disused : it is decorated with statues of the Founders of St. John's Hos- pital and the College, and their patron Saints, beneath canopies of exquisite workmanship ; Waynflete kneeling in prayer, King Henry III. Mary Magdalen, and St. John the Baptist. The apartment over this original entrance has always been called the Founder's Chamber. The Chapel, which is opposite to the gate- * It may be useful to strangers who are unaccompanied by one of those persons who shew the University, to inform them, that by enquiry at the Porter's Lodge of any College they may learn where the persons who shew the different parts of the College may be found. C2 28 MAGDALEN COLLEGE. — CHAPEL. way, remained in the state in which the Founder left it, with the exception of the injury its furniture and decorations sustained at the Re- formation, till the year 1635, when it was fitted up according to the prevailing taste of those times. The Choir was paved with black and white marble; new seats for the undergraduates and an organ screen were erected, and an organ provided, all exhibiting the most indiscriminate and barbarous mixtures of style. The College for many years had in contem- plation the removal of these incongruities, and the restoration of the interior to its primitive magnificence, for which purpose several designs were given by various architects. Those of Mr. Cottingham, of London, have been adopted. In 1833 the restoration, under the direction of Mr. Cottingham, was finished, and nearly the whole of the Choir, with the exception of the windows, may be said to be new. The limits of this small Work will not admit of a full descrip- tion of the chaste and beautiful decorations of this Chapel. Over the altar are carved stone figures, by Chantrey, of Christ appearing to Mary, in the garden. When the altar-piece, by Fuller, was removed in 1829, the indications of three tiers of niches, of thirteen in each tier, were discovered. The style of these has been imitated with Painswick stone, for here all is real ; no stuccoed work has been admitted. The fine picture of Christ bearing his Cross, over the Communion-table, ranks among the best paint- ings in Oxford ; but the connoisseurs have been divided in their opinions respecting the master who produced it. Some attributed the work to Guido, and others to Ludovico Caracci ; but it is now given to Moralez, called El Divino, a Spanish artist, who flourished in the sixteenth century. The figures in the back ground are MAGDALEN COLLEGE. — CHAPEL. 29 said to be from another pencil ; but whose hand guided it is a matter of doubt among the judges of the arts. It was brought from Vigo in 1702, by the last Duke of Ormond, and afterwards coming into the possession of William Freeman, Esq. of Hamels, in Hertfordshire, he presented it to the College. Sherwin's beautiful engraving from this picture is well known. The small oratory at the north end of the Communion- table has been restored ; its ceiling is of the most exquisite workmanship. The stalls, wain- scoting, seats, standards, desks, and partitions are entirely new, and made of foreign oak of the best quality. The clustered columns over the stalls add greatly to their beauty. The seats of the President and Vice-President are of very rich workmanship, and merit the closest inspection, as they contain very fine specimens of carving in wood. The organ screen is of Painswick stone, elegantly carved, with appropriate devices, shew- ing the forms of the most ancient musical instru- ments. The folding doors which separate the choir from the Ante- Chapel are extremely hand- some, and the gothic appendages, even in their most minute parts, exhibit the excellent taste of the architect. They are glazed with the best plate glass. The organ, originally given to the Society by Mr. Freeman, has been completely rebuilt by Mr. Blyth, of Isleworth, and his sons ; the compass of the instrument has been in- creased to the modern scale, with additional con- necting movements; sixteen-feet double diapa- sons are added to the pedals, and many other improvements have been made, the whole com- bining a sublimity and beauty of effect not sur- passed in this country. The Choir has been newly paved with Dorsetshire marble in party colours; the steps of the altar are of solid marble. Near the altar are two large handsome candelabra, of cS 30 MAGDALEN COLLEGE. — CHAPEL- bronze, by Summers, from the designs of Cot- tingham. In the Ante-Chapel are nine painted windows. The large, or west window, painted in chiar 1 oscuro, was executed after a design of Christopher Schwartz, as appears from a print of it engraved by Sadeler : its subject is the Last Judgment. It received great injury from a high wind in 1703; in 1794 it was restored to its original beauty by Eggington. The other eight were designed and executed by Eggington, and dis- play the figures of the two patron Saints, St. John the Baptist and St. Mary Magdalen ; King Henry III. by whom the Hospital of St. John the Baptist was refounded : Henry VI. by whom that Hospital and its possessions were con- veyed to this College ; William Waynflete, the Founder, and William of Wykeham, the Founder of New College, of which Society Waynflete is generally thought to have heen a member; Bishop Fox, Founder of Corpus Christi, and Cardinal Wolsey, the original Founder of Christ Church, both of whom were Fellows of Magda- len College. The other compartments of the windows are enriched with representations of Christ's Baptism, the Adoration at the Sepul- chre, with the Arms of the College, and those of the Kings and Prelates already mentioned, and other appropriate decorations. There are ten painted windows in the Choir, which represent the figures of the Apostles, the primitive Fathers, Saints and Martyrs, all in chiar 1 oscuro. Eight of them, executed in 1635, were removed from the Ante-Chapel in 1741. The two next the altar were added by the younger Price, who died in 1765. The fine columns which support the roof of the Ante-Chapel merit attention. In the Ante-Chapel are several monuments, one of which is to the memory of the two sons of Sir Thomas MAGDALEN COLLEGE. — CHAPEL. 31 Lyttelton, members of this College, who were bathing in the river Cherwell, when one of them, being in danger of drowning, cried out for aid : his brother immediately rushed to his assistance; but unfortunately they both perished. Cowley, the poet, wrote an elegy on the elder of these two brothers. Under the small west window are two very neat white marble monuments, recently erected as memorials of the Rev. Dr. Tate and the Rev. Dr. Shaw, both Fellows of this Society ; and on the south side there is one to the memory of Dr. Loveday, who was also a Fellow of this College. Near the entrance on the east side is an altar tomb of alabaster of Richard Patten, the father of the Founder, lately brought from the Church of Waynflete, in the county of Lincoln, the birth- place of the Founder, and from which he took his name. The old stalls from the Choir are now placed in the Ante-Chapel. The University sermons are preached here on the festivals of St. Mark and St. John the Baptist. In the year 1793, the old roof being decayed, a new one was placed on the Chapel and the Hall, under the direction of Mr. Wyatt, which cost the College upwards of AOOOl. paid out of the incomes of the President and Fellows* With the same liberal spirit they furnished the funds for defraying the expense of the windows in the Ante- Chapel, to the amount of 1400Z. Over the western entrance are five small figures, which are among the finest specimens of ancient sculpture in Oxford, and are coeval with the Chapel. They repre- sent St. John the Baptist, St. Mary Magdalen, Henry III. William of Wykeham, and the Founder. The latter and Henry III. are in a kneeling posture. Service is performed in this Chapel at ten in the morning, and at four in 32 MAGDALEN COLL. HIEROGLYPHICS, the afternoon, except on Sundays and Holy- days, when the morning service begins at eight o'clock. On leaving the Chapel, we enter the Great Quadrangle with its fine cloister, which was begun by the Founder, in 1473, and until lately retained its primitive figure as Waynfleteleft it, with the exception of the south ambulatory, which was added after his death, in 1490. It is formed by the Chapel, Hall, and Library, the ancient part of the President's Lodgings, and the apartments of the Fellows and Demies. — The Kitchen is very ancient, and was a part of St. John's Hospital. The interior of the Quad- rangle is remarkable for the hieroglyphics which decorate it, the singular devices of which have employed the conjectures of the curious anti- quary. They were originally coloured. The following description of them is abridged from a manuscript preserved in the Library : — "Beginning from the south-west corner, the first two figures are the Lion and the Pelican, The former of these is the emblem of Courage and Vigilance, the latter of Parental Tender- ness and Affection : both of them express the complete character of a good Governor of a College. Accordingly, they are placed under the window of those Lodgings which originally belonged to the President, as the instruction they convey ought particularly to regulate his conduct. " Going on to the right-hand, on the other side of the gateway, are four figures, viz. : — The Schoolmaster, the Lawyer, the Physician, and the Divine. These are arranged on the outside of the Library, and represent the duties and business of the students of the House. By means of learning in general they are to be intro- duced to one of the three learned professions ; MAGDALEN COLLEGE. — LIBRARY. 33 or else, as hinted by the figure with cap and bells in the corner, they must turn fools in the end. 11 On the north side of the Quadrangle, the first three figures represent the history of David, his conquest of the Lion and Goliah : whence we are taught not to be discouraged at any difficulties that may stand in our way, as the vigour of youth will easily enable us to sur- mount them. The next figure to these is that of Hippopotamos, or the River Horse, carrying his young one upon his shoulders. This is the emblem of a good Tutor, or Fellow of a Col- lege, who is set to watch over the youth of the Society, and by whose prudence they are to be led through the dangers of their first entrance into the world. The figure immediately follow- ing represents Sobriety or Temperance. The whole remaining train of figures are the Vices we are instructed to avoid. Those next to Temperance are the opposite Vices of Gluttony and Drunkenness. Then follow the Lucan- thropos, the Hysena and Panther, representing Violence, Fraud, and Treachery ; the Griffin, representing Covetousness ; and the next figure, Anger or Moroseness. The Dog, the Dragon, and the Deer — Flattery, Envy, and Timidity ; and the last three, the Mantichora, the Boxers, and the Lamia — Pride, Contention, and Lust." The greater part of this Quadrangle has very recently been rebuilt, and its original appear- ance restored as nearly as possible ; for the Society, not having sufficient apartments for its members before the opposite New Building was erected, many years since caused several rooms to be built in the cloisters, without regard to architectural propriety, which destroyed the harmony of the whole. The interior of the Library, which occupies 34 MAGDALEN COLLEGE. — TOWER. the western side of the Cloisters, has recently undergone a complete reparation and refitting: the stalls for the books are of English oak. The room is of considerable extent, and, were it more lofty, would not be excelled by any of a similar nature in the University. On the south side of the Chaplains' Court rises the majestic Tower, whose stately form, fine proportions, admirable simplicity, and pic- turesque effect, delight the eye in whatever point of view it is contemplated. The founda- tion of this structure was laid, August 9th, 1492, by Dr. Richard Mayew, President : and it was finished in 1498. In this Tower are ten fine- toned bells. Previously to the Reformation, a mass was performed every May-day morning, at an early hour, on the top of this Tower, for the repose of the soul of Henry VII. who had honoured the College with a visit in 1488. The Choris- ters continue to execute, in the same place, and on the same day, at five in the morning, certain pieces of choir music ; for which harmonious service, the Rectory of Slymbridge, in Glouces- tershire, pays the yearly sum of 10£. The Chaplain's Court was begun soon after the Tower was completed ; but not finished till about the first of Henry VIII. At the same time the range of building, which forms the south side of the first court, was altered and improved. The buildings at the east end of the Hall were erected in 1635; and in 1783, those on the north side of the Kitchen, which had originally been part of the Hospital, and appro- priated to the Lodgings of the Divinity Lec- turer, junior Demies' Common Room, &c. were taken down, and the present buildings erected, partly at the expense of the trustees of Thomas West, D.D. formerly Fellow of this College. MAGDALEN COLLEGE. — HALL. 35 The Hall, which was built by the Founder, is of spacious proportions, and decorated with armorial bearings, transferred from his Cham- ber, and from the Election Chamber, which was taken down in 1770. The wainscot, which is of oak, painted, was originally brought from Reading Abbey. It is decorated with several grotesque figures, carved in wood ; in the centre are nine compartments, six of which represent the history of Mary Magdalen, viz.: — 1. St. Mary anointing our Lord's feet. 2. Christ sit- ting at a table, with Martha and Mary on either side : above them, on a scroll, " Martha sollicita es, turbaris erga plurima, Maria opti- mam partem elegit ;" underneath, the date, 1 54 J . 3. Mary pouring ointment on our Saviour's head. 4. Our Lord appearing to her after his resurrection, inscribed, " Noli metangere," and " Rabboni," on scrolls. 5. Mary relating to the Disciples Christ's appearance, with the words "Vidi Dominum " inscribed on a scroll, 6. St. John Baptist and Mary standing by him, with same date. The other three are King Henry VIII. with the royal arms and the Prince's plume on the right and left. On the top of it is an inscription in Latin from the third chapter of St. Paul's Epistle to the Colos- sians, the 16th and 17th verses. In this Hall are the following portraits, some of which are whole-lengths, and others of lesser dimensions: — The Founder Wm, Freeman, D.C.L. Dr. Edw. Butler, President Sir Edmund Isham, Bart. D.C.L. Fellow Dr. Henry Hammond, Chap- lain to Charles I. Henry, Prince of Wales, eld- est son of James I. Dr. Smalbroke, Bisrfop of Lichfield and Coventry R. Fox, Bishop of Winchester, a Fellow of this College, and Founder of C.C.C. Dr. Boulter, Archbishop of Armagh Prince Rupert Dr. Warner, Bishop of Ro- chester Dr. Hough, Bishop of Wor- cester, President Mr. Addison, Demy Dr. Sacheverell, Fellow Cardinal Wolsey, from the original in Ch. Ch. Hall, by Holbein 38 MAGDALEN COLL. — NEW BUILDING. To these may be added, a small whole-length of St. Mary Magdalen, which has been attri- buted to Guercino ; but some connoisseurs have considered it to be the work of a superior pencil. In the windows of this room are the armorial bearings of the Founder, of Cardinals Wolsey and Pole, and of several Bishops educated in this College; they were mostly put up under the direction of Dr. Humphry, in 1566, in die Founder's Chamber, and removed thence to the Hall ; three or four only were broken and destroyed. The See of Gloucester, Nicholson, and of Rochester, Warner 9 with some others, are added to those brought from the Founder's Chamber. In the upper window, on the right, are very fine heads of Charles I. and his Queen Henrietta Maria; near which are some curious specimens of old painting on glass, rarely no- ticed, viz. : — a boy learning to swim on bladders, a falling skater, a woman churning, and some others. These merit the close attention of the stranger. In the Founder's Chamber all the arms had appropriate inscriptions, some of which remain, such as the See of Hereford — Harley : " Flos Domus Harleus Socius, Ludique IMagister " Celsus deinde Throuo, Celsior inde Polo." In this Refectory is preserved the large eagle of brass, of fine workmanship and great anti- quity, probably coeval with the College. It for- merly stood in the centre of the Chapel, where it was used as a desk for reading the lessons. On the 27th of September, 1733, the first stone of the New Building on the north of the grand Quadrangle was laid. This building is three stories, containing as many ranges of lofty and spacious apartments of equal dimensions. The front, which presents an elevation of stately simplicity, is supported by an arcade, forming a MAGDALEN COLLEGE. — WALKS. 37 handsome cloister. It was erected after a de- sign of Edward Holdsworth, M.A. Fellow, Author of the Muscipula, and other ingenious writings. The Walks on the banks of the Cherwell, belonging to this College, are pleasant and kept in excellent order. The shade they afford, the variety of objects which they command, the stream, amidst whose different branches they wind; with the mill, its rush of waters, and the charming shaded walk, called by the name of Addison's Walk, compose a most delightful academic retirement. The Water Walk and the Grove near it, called by Pope " Maudlin's learned Grove," are supposed to have been first formed in the reign of Elizabeth. This Grove, the view of which from the north side of the grand Quadrangle has been lately very much improved, with its numerous deer and pictur- esque and park-like appearance, adds greatly to the beauty of this fine College. At the entrance of the Water Walk there formerly stood a very large and ancient oak, which fell down in 1789. Of the timber of this tree a very handsome chair was made, which is an article of furniture in the President's Lodgings. This College was founded in 1456, by William of Wayn- fiete, Bishop of Winchester and, Lord Chancellor in the reign of Henry VI. for a President, forty Fellows, thirty Demies, (Scholars so called, on account of their originally being en- titled to half-commons only ;) a Schoolmaster, an Usher, four Chaplains, an Organist, eight Clerks, sixteen Choristers, two Porters, and other servants. Henry VI. in 1456 and 1457, licensed the Hospitallers of St. John the Baptist to surrender their Hospital, with all its manors, lands, and possessions, into the hands of the President and Brethren of Waynflete College. St John's Hospital extended, in buildings and grounds, from east-bridge to east-gate, on both sides of the street, its burying-ground being on the site of the present Botanic Garden. In addition to the members on the foundation, there are several Gentlemen Commoners. The number of members on 38 oueen's college. the books is about one hundred and seventy. The Livings in the gift of the President and Fellows are very numerous and valuable. Visitor — The Bishop of Winchester. From Magdalen College we proceed under the elms into the High-street, pass the Angel Inn, (which is on the left,) whence coaches go to all parts of the kingdom, and arrive at (§r- QUEEN'S COLLEGE. *%* The Porter's Lodge of this College is at the further right-hand corner of the first quadrangle, at the narrow en- trance opposite to St. Edmund's Hall. This splendid structure is on the right-hand of the High-street, and opposite to University College. The whole area on which it is built forms an oblong square of three hundred feet in length, and two hundred and twenty in breadth, which is divided by the Chapel and Hall, into two spacious courts. The foundation-stone of the south court or quadrangle (the front of which produces a striking effect in the View of the High-street,) was laid February 6th, 1710, the birth-day of Queen Anne, by Dr. William Lancaster, Provost. It is one hundred and forty feet in length, by one hundred and thirty in breadth, having a lofty cloister supported by square pillars on the east, west, and south sides. Over the west cloister are two stories, contain- ing the apartments of the Fellows, the Provost's Lodgings, and a Gallery communicating with the Hall and Common Room. In the east are also apartments for the different Members of the Society ; and on the north are the Chapel and Hall. The South part presents to the street the lateral fronts of the east and west sides, with their pediments and statues, which are connected by a decorated wall, enriched with a central gateway, or grand entrance; queen's college. 39 above whose arch rises an open cupola, con- taining the statue of Queen Caroline, the con- sort of George II. The north side is occupied by a grand Doric elevation. It consists of an enriched central pediment, supported by four lofty columns, with their appropriate entabla- tures, flanked by the Chapel and Hall, with large windows, finishing in a circle, and pilas- ters between them. The whole is crowned w r ith a balustrade and an elegant cupola of the Ionic order. This quadrangle possesses, when viewed from the High-street, a general resem- blance to the Palace of the Luxembourg, in Paris : on the front of it are six figures ; the two on pediments are Jupiter and Apollo; the remaining four are subjects which we con- ceive to be emblematical of Mathematics, Geography, Medicine and Religion. Hawksmoor is the nominal architect of this quadrangle; but, from its superiority to his other works, the design has been referred to his great master, Sir Christopher Wren. The interior court, or north quadrangle, is one hundred and thirty feet by ninety. The north, east, and south sides contain apartments for the Society ; and the Library occupies the west. The entrance to it is through a passage between the Hall and Chapel. Very considerable sums had been given, and bequests made, towards the building of this College; but from various causes, they were not found sufficient to complete it. To forward this object, Queen Caroline, who was herself an admirer of learning, gave, in the year 1733, 1000/. ; and the east side was chiefly built by the bounty of John Michel, Esq. Early in the morning of December 18th, 1778, a fire broke out in the attic chamber in the staircase, No. 2, adjoining to the Provost's Lodgings ; and, in a p 2 40 QUEEN^ COLLEGE. — HALL. few hours, the west wing of the front quad- rangle was destroyed, the shell only remaining. Towards the repairs of the loss sustained by this sudden and violent conflagration, Queen Charlotte was pleased to subscribe lOOOL The Society also received voluntary contributions from many distinguished persons, collegiate bodies, and others, towards the reconstruction of the building. The Hall is sixty feet long, and thirty broad, with an arched roof of a proportionate height, and decorated with the Doric order. The chimney-piece is of marble, on which stands a bust of Aristotle, generally said to be a great likeness of Buonaparte. This room is furnished with various portraits in the windows and on the walls. Among the former are those of Ed- ward III. and his Queen Philippa ; Edward IV, and Henry V.; Sir Joseph Williamson: Provost Lancaster ; the Founder ; Charles I. and his Queen Henrietta; Charles II. with his Queen Catherine ; with various heraldic deco- rations and other devices. On the walls are the portraits of Robert de Eglesfield, the Founder ; Charles I. and his Queen ; Queen Philippa and Queen Anne; Queen Caroline and Queen Charlotte ; Edward, the Black Prince, son of Edward III., and Henry V. both by Burnell ; Dr. Lancaster, Dr. Smith, Dr. Halton, and Bishop Barlow, Provosts ; John Michel, Esq. second Founder ; Sir Joseph Williamson ; Lady Elizabeth Hastings ; Addison ; Tickell ; Cart- wright, Bishop of Chester; and Gibson, Bishop of London. In the gallery, at the west end of the Hall, are the portraits of six Queens — Margaret, Queen of Scots ; Queen Elizabeth ; Mary, Queen of Scots : Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles I. ; Catherine, wife of Charles II., and Queen Anne ; all of which were given to QUEEN'S COLL, — LIBRARY AND CHAPEL. 41 the College by George Clarke, D.C.L. some time Fellow of All Souls' College, and one of the representatives in Parliament of this Uni- versity. Here are also the portraits of Edward III. Henry V. John Michel, Esq. Dr. Fother- gill, Isaac Fuller, taken by himself, and others. The Library is a large and noble apart- ment : it was completed in 1694. It is 123 feet in length, and 30 in breadth. The bookcases are delicately carved, and the ceiling enriched with compartments in stucco. This fine room is ornamented with a large Orrery, given by six Gentlemen Commoners belonging to the Col- lege, in 1763 ; a cast of the Florentine Boar 5 in plaster of Paris, presented by Sir Roger Newdigate : and two ancient portraits on glass of Henry V. and Cardinal Beaufort, presented to the Society by Alderman Fletcher. Over the elegant entrance are the portraits of Dr, Crakenthrop and Dr. Lancaster. At the north end are Queen Charlotte and Charles I. The Library contains upwards of 18,000 volumes. The Chapel, the interior of which is of the Corinthian order, is one hundred feet long, and thirty broad. The windows removed from the old Chapel, were all painted by Van Linge, in 1635, and repaired by Price, in 1717? with the exception of four, which are supposed to have been executed three centuries ago, and which still retain much of their original brilliance. — The foundation of this Chapel was laid in 1713-14, and dedicated in 1719. The ceiling is decorated with a painting of the Ascension, by Sir James Thornhill; and in the middle window is the Holy Family, by Price. Beneath it is a copy by Mengs, of La Notte, The Night, Correggio's celebrated work in the Dresden Gal- lery, which was presented to the Society by the late Mr. Robson, of Bond-street.— In the two d 3 42 queen's college. — BUTTERY, &c* windows, on the south-side of the Chancel, are. The Ascent from the Sepulchre, and The Ascension. In those on the north-side, the Resurrection of the Dead and the Last Judgment. In the first window of the south-side of the Chapel, The Adoration of the Magi; in the second, The Descent of the Holy Ghost; in the third, the representation of a Bishop and two Popes, in their respective robes ; — in the fourth, on the south, in the Ante- Chapel, the figures of St. John of Beverly ; St. Robert, and St. Anne. In the first window, on the north-side of the Chapel, The Last Supper ; in the second, The Salutation ; in the third, three Bishops ; in the fourth, on the north, in the ante-chapel, the figures of St. Adhelm, St, Osmund, and St. Lawrence. The massy marble pillars near the altar are finely executed. The reading-desk is supported by a brass eagle of fine workmanship. It was made by W. Borroghes in 1662. The screen is elegantly carved and generally admired. In the Buttery is a very ancient and curious drinking horn, which holds two quarts, said to have been presented to the College by Queen Philippa. It is richly ornamented with silver gilt; on the lid is a silver eagle of curious workmanship, and it is supported by eagles' claws. On several parts of it is inscribed the word Wacceyl (Wassail, a Saxon phrase for drinking healths.) This horn merits the atten- tion of the antiquary, and it may with propriety be ranked amongst the curiosities of Oxford. In the Gallery is a fine engraving of this curious Cup, by Mr. Skelton, late of this city. This College was founded by Robert de Eglesfield, Con- fessor to Philippa, Queen of Edward III, from whom it is called Queen's College. The Queens Consort of this King- dom are considered to be the patronesses of the College. The Charter to constitute it a Collegiate Hall, was obtained from st. Edmund's hall. 43 Edward III. January 18th, 1340. A curious circumstance is combined with the name of Eglesfield, which continues to form a ceremonial observed by the College. On New Year's Day the Bursar presents each member with a needle and thread, addressing him at the same time in these terms : " Take this and be thrifty " This custom is supposed to have been derived from the words aiguille et fil, needle and thread, in a fanciful allusion to the name of the Founder. The members of this College have been, from the days of the Founder to the present time, called to their dinner by the sound of a trumpet ; and a boar's head, decorated with Christmas ornaments, is, on every Christmas Day, carried in procession into the Hall, accompanied with an ancient song, The traditional origin of this custom is as follows : a member of this College, walking inShotover forest, near Oxford, and reading Aristotle, was suddenly attacked by a wild boar, which ran at him open-mouthed. Not at all alarmed, the youth, with great logical composure, thrust the volume into his throat, cried out, Grcecum est, and fairly choked the infu- riate animal. The custom of serving up a boar's head at the tables of the great, with much ceremony, was formerly very general on Christmas Day. This College is indebted for what is called the New Foundation, to John Michel, Esq. of Richmond, Surrey, who, at his death, in 1739, bequeathed upwards of £500 per annum, for eight Master Fellows, four Bachelor Scholars, and four Exhibitioners, and for the purchase of advowsons. The Old Foundation consists of a Provost, sixteen Fellows, two Chaplains, eight Taberdars, (from the tabard, a short gown which they formerly wore,) with twelve probationary Scho- lars, and two Clerks. The number of members on the books is about three hundred and sixty. Visitor — The Archbishop of York. Opposite the Eastern side of Queen's College, in the lane called Queen's Lane, is ST. EDMUND'S HALL, This Hall was, in 1557 ? transferred to Queen's College, when an agreement was entered into with the Chancellor of the University, that that Society should have the nomination of a Prin- cipal ; a privilege which they continue to enjoy. — The Chapel and the Library were built by Stephen Pentcn, B.D. Principal, who defrayed a large proportion of the expenses. The Chapel 44? ST. PETER IN THE EAST. was consecrated April 17, 1682, by Dr. Fell, Bishop of Oxford, and dedicated to St. Ed- mund, Archbishop of Canterbury. The num- ber of members on the books is upwards of ninety. Visitor — The Chancellor of the University. Close to St. Edmund's Hall is the Church of ST. PETER IN THE EAST. This Church was partly built in the ninth century. What remains of its most ancient parts is supposed to be the Chancel, the other portion having, according to Hearne, been re- built during the reign of Henry V. Underneath the Chancel is a very curious crypt, still in good preservation, although now used as a charnel- house. Its arches are supported by four ranges of low Saxon columns. It deserves the attention of the antiquary and the curious stranger. Some of the windows in the Church are ornamented with old painted glass. There are two entrances to the Pulpit, one of which leads through a pillar. At the west-end of the north aisle is a square tower, containing six bells, which has the appear- ance of greater antiquity than that assigned to it by Hearne. This was formerly the University Church. The Living, a Vicarage, is in the gift of the Warden and Fellows of Merton College. St. Peter's parish is thus spoken of in one of the early Guides : — " This has more to boast of than any other parish in Europe, or even in the world, as containing within itself, besides the grand Colleges (not to say palaces) of Magdalen, New, Queen's, and in part, University ; also Hertford, the Halls of St. Edmund, and Magdalen, and part of St, Alban's ; and as having two peals of ten bells, one of six, and three organs, two of which are used twice a day in choral service." UNIVERSITY COLLEGE* 45 Opposite to Queen's College is UNIVERSITY COLLEGE. *** The Porter's Lodge is on the left of the gateway of the western entrance. We enter this College by the large quadran- gle, an hundred feet square, which presents a noble appearance. The Chapel and Hall, on the south side, have undergone considerable characteristic and judicious alterations, after the designs of Dr. Griffith, the late Master. These have been effected by lengthening the windows, by the addition of buttresses, battlements, and pinnacles, and by the changing the former clumsy centre into an elegant Gothic bow win- dow and pediment. Above the gateway are two statues; that on the outside represents Queen Anne; and the other on the inner side, James II. The latter was presented to the Society by a Roman Catholic, w T hen Mr. Obadiah Walker was Master.* The Hall was begun in 1640 ; but in consequence of the unsettled state of the University during the usurpation of Oliver Cromwell, it was not completed till the reign of Charles II. In the year 1766, its interior re- ceived considerable alterations and improve- ments. The fire-place in the centre of the room was removed, and a chimney erected on the south-side. The roof was ceiled, the wainscot put up, a screen erected at the lower end, the floor newly paved, and the whole ornamented in the Gothic style. The expense, which amounted to nearly 12001. was defrayed by the generous contributions of the Master and Fellows, and many others who had been, or were * This statue deserves notice, as only two of James II. are known to exist in England : this in Oxford, and one in brass, of superior workmanship, by Grinlin Gibbons, behind the Banquetting-house, Whitehall, London, 46 UNIVERSITY COLL. — COMMON ROOM, &C. then members of the Society. The chimney- piece, which is of an elegant design, suited to the character of the place, was the donation of Sir Roger Newdigate, Bart. D.CL. some time Gentleman Commoner of this College, and during many years one of the representatives of the University in Parliament. The arms of the contributors decorate the wainscot, over which are hung the portraits of the Earl of Radnor ; Sir Robert Chambers ; Sir William Jones ; the Marquis of Hastings, a full length, by Hopp- ner ; Sir Roger Newdigate, a full length ; Mr. Wyndham, by Lawrence; Lord Stowell; the Earl of Eldon, by Owen ; and of Archbishop Potter, a copy from the one at Christ Church. The south window contains the figures of Moses, Elias, and our Saviour, in painted glass, by Henry Giles, dated 1687. It has lately been much improved and ornamented. On the fine roof are displayed the arms of the principal benefactors. The Common Room contains an excellent bust of Alfred, executed by Wilton, after a mo- del of Rysbrach, which was presented to the College by the Earl of Radnor, in 1771 ; also a very fine bust of the late Mr. Pitt, by Nolle- kens, presented by a few members of this So- ciety in 1811 ; the portraits of Henry IV. and Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, burnt in wood, by Dr. Griffiths, the late Master : and two very scarce and valuable engraved portraits of Dr. Johnson, (who used to spend much of his time in this room,) and Sir W. Jones. The Library is on the south side, beyond the principal quadrangle, and was finished in 1669. It contains many valuable manuscripts and printed books. The Chapel was completed in 1665. The east window is of painted glass: the Nativity, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE — CHAPEL. 47 by Henry Giles, of York. It was the gift of Dr. Radcliffe, in 1687. The north and south windows are also of painted glass, and were ex- ecuted by Van Linge, in 1641, the subjects of which are as follows, beginning near the altar at the south end: — 1. The Fall of Man ; Adam and Eve expelled from Paradise. 2. Adam lamenting his fallen estate with Eve and her Children. In another compartment, Abraham entertaining the Angels; and in the back ground a man tilling the earth, and cattle in their stalls. 3. Abraham offering Isaac. 4. Christ supping in the house of Martha and Mary. On the north-side are, 1. Jacob's Vision of the Ladder, 2. Elijah's Ascent to Heaven in a Chariot of Fire. 3. Jonas and the Whale. In the Ante- Chapel, Christ driving the buyers and sellers from the Temple. The inner roof, which was formerly of wood, having been removed for the purpose of repairing the timber of the roof, has been replaced by a handsome, groined, Gothic ceiling. The screen is beautifully composed of the Corinthian order, with its enrichments, and is exquisitely carved by Grinlin Gibbons. The Altar-piece is a copy of the Salvator Mundi of Carlo Dolce, burnt in wood by Dr. Griffith, the late Master. The carved work over the altar is of most beautiful workmanship, by Grinlin Gibbons. Near the altar, on the south-side, is a monument by Flaxman, in me- mory of Dr. Nathan Wetherell, who presided over this College during the long period of forty-four years. The wainscot of the Ante- Chapel has been removed, and an arch formed at the west end, to receive a monument to the memory of the celebrated Sir William Jones, formerly a Fellow of this College. It was executed by Flaxman, and the bas-relief repre- sents Sir William in the act of translating and forming a digest of the Hindoo Laws, from the 48 UNIVERSITY COLLEGE. sacred books, or Vedas, which the Brahmins ap- pear to be reading to him. This memorial was originally designed by Lady Jones to be sent to Calcutta ; but the East India Company having determined to erect one there at their own ex- pense, it was presented to this College, and that which it was meant should be placed here by the friends of Sir William Jones, was trans- ferred to the University Church. Under the window in the Ante-Chapel is another fine mo- nument, also by Flaxman, to the memory of Sir Robert Chambers, a member of this Col- lege, the gift of Lady Chambers ; and near it a newly-erected monument, by the same artist, to the memory of Mr. Rolleston, a Fellow, Tutor, and most distinguished member of this Society, placed here at the expense of his friend and pupil, John Ivatt Briscoe. Esq. M.A. and a Gentlemen Commoner of this College ; also a monument to the memory of Mr. Thomas Mus- grave, youngest son of Sir J. C. Musgrave, Bart, and a Commoner of this College, who was drowned in the Isis, June 5th, 1822. On the eastern side of the principal Quadran- gle, w r e enter the small Court by a narrow pas- sage. This Court has only three sides, each of them about eighty feet in length ; it opens to the south, on the Master's garden. The north and east sides, which contain the Master's Lodg- ings, were erected by the munificence of Dr. Radcliffe. Above the gateway of the Court, to- wards the street, is a statue of Queen Mary; and, in a similar position, within, is that of Dr. Radcliffe with the emblems of Medicine in his right hand. The following inscription is on a tablet beneath it : — Et intra sua moenia votiva RADCLIVIUM Qui COLLEGIUM hoc Divino ingenio alumnus olim ornavit Benevolentia dein, quoad vixit, summa fovit, Munificentia pari moriens amplificavit. ALL souls' college. 49 The grand front of this College extends up- wards of 260 feet, with a tower over each gate- way, at equal distances from the extremities. It is a noble ornament of the High-street, in which it stands. A curious and very ancient custom is observed in this College, w T hich is called " chopping at the tree" On Easter Sunday, annually, the repre- sentation of a tree, dressed up with evergreens and flowers, is placed on a turf, close to the buttery, and every member then resident, as he leaves the Hall after dinner, chops at the tree with a cleaver. On this occasion the cook stands by with a plate, in which the Master deposits half-a-guinea, each Fellow five shillings, and the other Members half-a-crown each. Of the real origin of this custom scarcely any thing is known ; but it has been handed down almost from time immemorial. The foundation of this College is, by some antiquaries, attributed to King Alfred ; but on this subject the more remote historians, such as were nearly contemporaries of this great Prince, are entirely silent; so that there is little doubt but William of Durham, Rector of Bishop Wearmouth, who died in 1249, was the real Founder. The first notice of a Governor of the Society, under the title of " Senior Socius," occurs in 1219. The foundation consists of a Master, twelve Fellows, and seventeen Scholars and Exhi- bitioners. The number of members on the books is about two hundred and twenty. Visitor — The King. Just beyond this College is the Oxford Old Bank, opposite to which stands m* ALL SOULS' COLLEGE. %* The Porter's Lodge is in the gateway of the entrance from the High-street into the western Quadrangle. The front of this College has lately been repaired, and its appearance much improved. F. 50 ALL SOULS COLLEGE. — LIBRARY. The gateway of the Old Quadrangle, at the western extremity, is the principal entrance from the High-street. This Quadrangle is about 124 feet in length, and 72 in breadth. In it is a curious dial, designed by Sir Christopher Wren, which shews the time to a minute, having two half rays and one whole ray for every hour, and the minutes marked on the side of the rays, fifteen on each side. The New Quadrangle, which is 172 feet in length, and 155 in breadth, contains the Library on the north ; the Chapel and Hall on the south; the cloister and the entrance opposite RadclifFe's Library on the west ; and the Common Room and other apart- ments, with the two Gothic Towers, on the east. The magnificent Library is 198 feet in length, 40 in height, and 32| in breadth, except in the central recess to the north, which is 51$. It now contains about 40,000 volumes, and is increasing annually, by funds derived from an estate in the county of Oxford, appropriated to that purpose. It is fitted up with a rich wainscot, decorated with Doric and Ionic pilasters, the lower range supporting a gallery that surrounds three sides, over which are the following busts, in bronze, of some of the most eminent Fellows of the College, cast by Sir H. Cheere, Knight, with a vase between each of them : — 1 Sir Anthony Shirley 2 Sir William Petre 3 George Clarke, LL.D. 4 Sir Daniel Dunn 5 Henry Coventry, Esq. 6 Sir Robert Weston 7 Sir William Trumbull 8 Charles Talbot, LL.D. 9 Sir Christopher Wren 10 Richard Steward, LL.D. 1 1 Thomas Tanner, D.D. Bp. of St. Asaph 12 James Goldwell, Bishop of Norwich 13 Gilbert Sheldon, D.D. Abp. of Canterbury 14 Brian Duppa, D.D. Bp. of Winchester 15 David Pole, LL.D. Bp. of Peterborough 16 Jeremy Taylor, Bishop of Down and Connor 17 John Norris, M.A. 18 Thomas Sydenham, M J>. ALL SOULS' COLLEGE. — CHAPEL. 51 19 Thomas Linacre, M.D. 20 Sir Clement Edmonds, MA. 21 Sir Wm. Byrde, LL.D. 22 Sir Nath. Lloyd, LL.D. 23 Robert Hovenden, D.D. Warden 24 Sir John Mason In the centre of this Library is a planetarium, kept in motion by machinery, and wound up once in eight days. A cast from the bust of the Founder in the Hall, by Roubiilac, and a large statue of Codrington by Sir H. Cheere, complete the decorations of this splendid room. The Ante-Library and other rooms at the south end, are decorated with painted glass, on which, among figures of Saints, Fathers, and Bishops, are those of Henry VI. and Archbishop Chichele, both of which have been engraved by Barto- lozzi : they are supposed to be coeval with the foundation of the College. The figures of Al- fred and Athelstan are engraved in Spelman's Life of the former Prince. Another, of John of Gaunt, engraved in Carter's Specimens, is not improbably conjectured to have been exe- cuted in his lifetime, and placed at All Souls' by the Founder himself. The tripod, in the vesti- bule of this Library, was found at Corinth, and for some time was preserved in the Museum of Anthony Lefroy, Esq. who, in 1771 5 presented it to this College. The Chapel.— No Chapel in Oxford is more generally admired than this. Beautiful simpli- city of decoration, and great strength and har- mony of colouring, are here so blended as to make the coup deceit both awful and imposing. Its melancholy yet pleasing gloom seems to be peculiarly adapted to a place of worship. Im- mediately over the communion table, is the beautiful 'Noli metangere' of Raphaello Mengs; it occupies the centre of a small Grecian portico of the Corinthian order, and is considered as one of the finest paintings of that master, who 52 ALL SOULS' COLLEGE. HALL, received for it the sum of three hundred guineas. # c5 It represents our Saviour's appearance to Mary Magdalen in the garden, and at that precise moment when he says to her < c Touch me not, for I am not yet ascended to my father," &c. Above, is a remarkably fine painting, al fresco, figurative of the Assumption of the Founder, by Sir James Thorn hill, by whom also are the vases, on which are represented the two sacra- ments; likewise the ceiling, and the ten figures between the windows, four of which are the holy Fathers to whom the Chapel is dedicated. The windows are painted in chiar* oscuro, by Lovegrove of Marlow, and the western window by Eggington. The Ante-Chapel is divided from the inner one by an elegant screen, constructed by Sir Christopher Wren. Beneath the west- ern window is a marble statue of Sir William Blackstone, some time Fellow of this College, the first Vinerian Professor of Common Law in this University, and afterwards one of his Ma- jesty's Justices of the Court of Common Pleas. He is represented sitting in his robes, his right hand resting on a volume of his Commentaries, and holding Magna Charta in his left, of which he published the most correct edition. Bacon was the sculptor ; and the cost, which was four hundred and fifty guineas, was defrayed by Vis- count Tracy, Warden, Dr. Buckler, Sub-warden, and other Fellows. The Ante-chapel is 70 feet long, and 30 broad. The inner Chapel is of the same dimensions. The Hall. — This fine room is decorated with a large picture, given by Thomas Palmer, Esq. some time Member for the University, and for- merly Fellow of this College, representing "The finding of the Law, and King Josiah rending his robe," by Sir James Thornhill ; and with por- traits of the Founders, Archbishop Chichele, ALL SOULS* COLLEGE* — HALL. 53 and King Henry VI. ; of Archbishop Sheldon, and Dr. Vernon, Archbishop of York; Viscount Tracy, and Dr. Isham, former Wardens; the Hon. Edward Legge, D.C.L. Bishop of Oxford, late Warden; Colonel Codrington, Founder of the Library ; Bishops Jeremy Taylor, Tanner, and North ; Lord Chancellors Northington and Talbot; Chief Justice Willes; Sir Wiii. Black- stone ; Sir Christopher Wren $ Young, the poet : Linacre ; Sydenham ; Sir Nathaniel Lloyd; Sir John Newbolt ; Dr. Thomas, Bishop of Winchester ; the Hon. Ch. Stewart, D.D. Bishop of Quebec ; Reginald Heber, D.D. the late Bishop of Calcutta; Rd. Vaughan, Esq.; the Hon. and Rev. Rd. Trevor, D.C.L. Bishop of Durham, and other eminent Fellows of the College. Facing the fire-place is a handsome stove of carved stone-work, which forms a pe- destal to Roubillac's much-admired bust of the Founder. Armorial bearings complete the cha- racteristic embellishments of this refectory. — The buttery and kitchen adjoining were built at the same time with the Hall. The buttery,* which is of an oval form, and remarkable for a fine arched roof, designed by Dr. Clarke, con- tains a bust of Giles Bennett, manciple: and another of Hawksmoor, the architect; also a very curious antique salt-cellar, upwards of four hundred years old, of silver gilt, supported by a figure armed with a sword* The cover is of crystal set in silver. The whole is about eighteen inches in height. It originally belonged to the Founder, Archbishop Chichele, and was given to this College by a descendant of the Chichele family. It is placed in the Hall during dinner on All Souls 5 Day, Easter Day, Whitsunday, and Christmas Day. The Lodgings of the War* den front the High-street. * This room is not shewn to strangers. 54 st. Mary's church. This College was founded by Henry Chichele, Archbishop of Canterbury, and the first stone was laid with great solem- nity in 1437. The Society consists of a Warden, forty Fellows, two Chaplains, and six Clerks. The number of members on the books is generally about one hundred. The Fellows are elected from other Colleges of the University ; such only being eligible as were either born in the province of Canterbury, or can prove themselves of kin to the Founder. A curious custom is occasionally observed in this College on the 14th of January ; that of keeping the Mallard Night, in commemoration of the discovery of a very large mallard, or drake, in a drain, when digging for the foundation of the College. When this celebration takes places, an old song, called "The Swopping, Swopping Mallard," is always sung. This song is in the humorous publication called " The Oxford Sausage." Visitor— The Archbishop of Canterbury. At a few paces from All Souls' College, stands ST. MARY'S CHURCH, The lofty spire of which renders it a conspicu- ous object. It is called the University Church. The parishioners of St. Mary's make use of it for Sunday and weekly prayers, and for sermons on those Sundays when the University sermons are preached elsewhere.* The University ser- mons are preached here on the mornings of f very Sunday, excepting Easter Sunday, Trinity Sun- day, and when the turn comes to the Pean or Canons of Christ Church, who always preach in their own Cathedral. The Sunday afternoon sermons are also preached here. To the fore- going rule other exceptions must be added ; such as Christmas Day, Lady Day, and some other holydays happening on a Sunday. — The University sermons are preached by Doc- tors and Bachelors in Divinity, Doctors and * A sermon is preached at St. Mary's Church on Sunday, at four in the afternoon, by the vicar of the parish, for gene- ral accommodation ; particularly for those who are unable to attend morning service. Iiranm tvA.&VuJcers EnoTaved. by -Jltem HOIEl'M W1WW ©F S? WMM^B (SMJ3ROSI- "The stony rruuXen^fs of thy mafszve' piles, Now silvered, o'er tt/ melancholy smiles, With more than langioag&, spirit-Woe appeals To the ?wgh sense impafsioned nature, feels " Saay- Slabber. Mujfh Street OaftrrcL ST. MARYS CHURCH. — PREACHERS. 55 Bachelors in Civil Law, and Masters of Arts, in their turns. There are ten select Preachers appointed, five of whom annually go out of office. The person whose turn happens in the time of Vacation, or on any day during Term, except Sunday, is at liberty to procure any one qualified to supply his place. If the turn hap- pen on a Sunday in Term, no one but a select Preacher is allowed to be his substitute. The names of the University preachers for the day, and the church or chapel in which the sermons will be preached, may be known on Saturday, or on the morning of Sunday, they being exhi- bited for general information near the buttery or hall of every College. In the Long Vacation there are no University sermons. This spacious Gothic structure was finished in the year 149S. On the north side of the Church is the monumental Chapel of Adam de Brom, the Founder of Oriel College, the Pro- vost and Fellows of which Society arethe Patrons of the Vicarage. On the north-side of the chan- cel is the Common Law School, where the Vine- rian Professor reads his Lectures. The arch between the area and the chancel supports an organ by Smith. In 1 828 the appearance of the interior of this Church was totally changed, from designs of that promising young architect, Mr. Plowman, jun. who died at the age of 23, a few days only before the Church was re-opened for divine service. — The monuments which so long disfigured the beautiful columns are removed. The organ is re-cased in a style corresponding to the rest of the building; the galleries are entirely re-built, and continued along the whole of the north side ; all the old pews and seats are taken away. The Vice-Chancellor's throne and the Doctors' seats are new, chaste, and elegant, resembling 56 RADCLIFFE LIBRARY. the stalls of our old Cathedrals, and placed on the north-side ; the pulpit, a new and handsome structure, is opposite; the seats for the Masters and Bachelors of Arts are in the most correct and appropriate style; and the windows are com- pletely repaired, and filled with ground glass, the effect of which is extremely good. To ren- der this building still more worthy of its title, the University Church, the improvements should not end with the interior ; for the front, although in the best style of Henry VII.'s reign, is much disfigured by the porch, with its heavy twisted columns, over which is a statue of the Virgin, with the infant Christ in her arms. — This porch was erected in 1637, by Dr. Owen, Chaplain to Archbishop Laud. The steeple is 180 feet high. In the Tower there are six large fine-toned bells. The living is a vicarage in the gift of the Provost and Fellows of Oriel College. In the square behind St. Mary's Church, stands that magnificent structure, t^T THE RADCLIFFE LIBRARY. This fine building was begun in 1737, and was opened with great public ceremony by the trustees under the will of the Founder, Dr. Radcliffe, on the 13th of April, 1749. This oreat benefactor to the University left 40,000/. for the erection of this Library, 150/. per an- num to the Librarian, 100/. per annum for the purchase of books, and 100/ per annum to keep the library in repair.* Dr. Radcliffe proposed in his lifetime to enlarge the Bodleian Library, by a room 90 feet long, built out from the west window of the Selden Library. Of this building * The trustees have lately determined to appropriate the Library to the reception of books in Natural History and Medicine. RADCL1FFE LIBRARY. 57 the lower part would have formed the Library of Exeter College, on whose ground it would have been erected. To the failure of this design we owe the present magnificent structure. Atter- bury's Correspondence^ vol. Hi, Dr. Radcliffe died on the 1st of November, 1714, in his 65th year, and was buried publicly on the 3rd of December, 1714, in St. Mary's Church, on the north-west side of the organ, "just at the entrance of the door that goes to the organ-loft, and the said door is to be shut up $ and an entrance made elsewhere." (T. Hearne's MSS.J The present staircase to the organ-loft was made in consequence of this arrangement. An inscription lately placed on one of the squares of the pavement points out the grave. In the Bodleian Library may be seen a copy of the " Exequiae CI. Viro J. R. ab Oxon. Aca- demia Solutae :" fol. Oxon, 1715. Prefixed to the verses are, Oratio Funebris in Dom. Con- vocations — Oratio habita in margine Tumuli — and, Literae Academiae Testamenti Radcliviani Curatoribus. The architect of this Library was Gibbs, and it may be reckoned among the best of his works ; for in whatever point of view it is seen, it adds greatly to the beauty of Oxford. We ascend to the superb room which contains the books, by a very handsome stone staircase. In this staircase, over the door of entrance to the Library, is the portrait of the Founder, painted by Sir G. Kneller, in 1712, said to be the only original picture of Dr. R. In the Library over the entrance, is a fine statue of Dr. Radcliffe, by Rysbrach. Opposite this door are two beau- tiful Roman candlesticks, found at Tivoli, in the ruins of the Emperor Adrian's palace, and presented to the University by Sir Roger New- digate, Bart. In the Library are fine casts of 58 RADCLIFFE LIBRARY. theLaocoon, Apollo Belvidere, Diana and Fawn, Fighting Gladiator, Townley Venus, Antinolis, Discobolus, the Boxers, Cupid, Diana Robing, and the Warwick Vase ; busts of Niobe, Clytie or Isis, Lucius Verus, Alexander, Homer, Antinoiis Bacchante, and very fine marble busts of the Belvidere xApollo, iEsculapius, Galen, Hippocrates, Aristotle, and Pliny, by Signor Nastri, of Florence. All the above casts and busts were presented to this Library by J. S. and P. B. Duncan, Esqrs. Fellows of New College. In this Library are deposited the entire collection of the Corsi Marbles, lately presented to the University by Stephen Jarrett, Esq. Honorary M.A. of Magdalen College. Above is a handsome gallery, over one of the entrances to which is a bust of Gibbs, the architect. The dome is eighty feet from the floor, and is richly ornamented with stucco. We recom- mend those who visit this Library on a fine day to ascend to the commencement of the dome, for the slight labour of ascent will be amply repaid by the beautiful view. On the 14th of June, 1814, George IV. then Prince Regent, the late Emperor of Russia, the King of Prussia, the late Duke of York, the late Duchess of Oldenburg, many other royal person- ages, several of the nobility, the great officers of state, &c. to the number of nearly two hundred, partook of a most magnificent dinner in this Library, provided by the University. The splendour of this fete can only be exceeded by the imaginary scenes of oriental description. The tables were loaded with elegant plate, the dresses of the company were superb, and many of them unique, as over their court dresses and regimen- tals, all those princes, noblemen, and gentlemen, who had received the honorary degree of Doctor BRASENNOSE COLLEGE. — HALL. 59 of Civil Law, wore the scarlet academic robes of that degree. On leaving the Library,* and walking a few- paces westward, is the entrance to BRASENNOSE COLLEGE, Or the King's Hall and College of Brasennose. *♦* Porter's Lodge is in the gateway on the right. This College received its title from the cir- cumstance of its standing on the ground formerly occupied by Brasennose Hall, which had a large brass knocker on the gate, in the shape of a nose. In the centre of the large quadrangle is a cast, generally called " Cain and Abel," though supposed by some to be " Sampson kill- ing a Philistine with the jaw-bone of an ass," and by others considered as the study of some sculptor, whose principal object was the display of muscular strength and action. It was given to the College by Dr. Clarke of All Souls', who purchased it from a statuary in London. This quadrangle contains the Hall and apartments for the Society. The lesser court, on the left, contains the Library and Chapel. The Hall is a fine spacious room, which contains portraits of the Founders, and King Alfred ; of Dean Nowell, Radcliffe, Yate, Yarborough, by Rom- ney 9 Cleaver, late Bishop of St. Asaph, by Hoppner, and Hodson, by Phillips, Principals ; of Sarah, Duchess of Somerset, Mrs. Joyce Frankland, Lord Chancellor Ellesmere, John Lord Mordaunt, Dr. Latham, and the late Mar- quis of Buckingham ; the two last by Jackson ; and of Burton, the author of the " Anatomy of Melancholy." In this refectory are also busts of the Founders. In the fine bay window at * This building has recently been enclosed, at a very great expense, with handsome iron rails. 60 BRASENNOSE COLL. — LIBRARY & CHAPEL. the upper end, on the left, are portraits of the Founders ; the opposite window has lately been decorated with rich painted glass, and now forms an elegant ornament to this handsome room. Over the door towards the quadrangle are two very ancient busts of Alfred and John Scotus Erigena ; the former is said to have been discovered when the workmen were digging the foundation of the College. The Library was rebuilt in 1780, and orna- mented with a very elegant ceiling by Wyatt. It is a neat room, well stocked with books. At the upper end is a very fine bust of the Right Honourable Lord Grenville, Chancellor of the University, by Nollekens, presented to the So- ciety by his Lordship/ The Chapel, finished in 1666, has lately been repaired and much improved. The beautiful east window, the gift of Principal Crawley, was executed by Pearson, in 1776, after the designs of Mortimer. It represents Christ and the four Evangelists. The altar is deservedly admired for the taste and elegance of its decorations, and the roof, for the perfect resemblance which it bears to stone- work. The eagle, used as a reading desk, is of very fine workmanship ; it was presented to the Society by Thomas Lee Dummer, Esq. formerly a Gentleman Com- moner of this College. There is a monument in the Ante-Chapel, to the memory of Dr. Shippen, Principal from 1710 to 1745, the bust on which is said to be an exact resemblance of that excel- lent man. The epitaph, which is general] v admired, was from the pen of Dr. Frewin, aa eminent physician of Oxford. There is also a very elegant monument by Bacon, to the memory of Dr. Cleaver, Bishop of St. Asaph, and for- merly Principal of this College ; another to the memory of the late Principal Dr. Hodson, by THE SCHOOLS. 61 Manning ; and a plain mural tablet, by Chan- trey, to the memory of the Rev. H. Cholmon- deley, Dean of Chester, and sometime Fellow of this Society. The Principal resides in a handsome house in the High-street, a short dis- tance from the west end of St. Mary's Church. This College was founded by William Smith, Bishop of Lincoln, and Sir Richard Sutton, Knight, in 1509. — The pre- sent foundation consists of a Principal and twenty Fellows. There are also thirty-two Scholarships and fifteen Exhibi- tions. The number of members on the books is upwards of four hundred and twenty. Visitor — The Bishop of Lincoln. Proceeding across Radcliffe-square, opposite the north gate of the Library, we enter the square of the SCHOOLS. This is a handsome quadrangle : three sides of the upper story form the Picture Gallery; beneath are the Schools appropriated to the different sciences, and the receptacle of the marbles and statues. We know from experience, that strangers often suppose, from their title, that these Schools are for the education of youth. To undeceive them, it is necessary to state that they are not the property of any par- ticular College, but belong to the University as a body, and are used for the examinations of candidates for degrees, and for some other pur- poses of a similar nature. The gateway in this square, which is the en- trance opposite Magdalen Hall, is curious on account of its consisting of the five orders of ar- chitecture. At the upper part of this tower is a stone statue of James I. in a sitting posture, pre- senting a copy of his own works to Fame, with his right hand; with his left he gives another copy to the University of Oxford: over the 62 THE BODLEIAN LIBRARY. throne are the emblems of Justice, Peace, and Plenty. Wood asserts, that these " pictures and emblems were once so glorious and splen- did, being double gilt, that none, especially when the sun shined, could behold them." In the tower of this gateway the Muniments and Registers of the University are preserved. Immediately after entering this quadrangle, from the Radcliffe- square, is on the left, the staircase which leads to the Bodleian Library and the Picture Gallery, near the entrance of which a person is in attendance to shew them to strangers. f§g* THE BODLEIAN LIBRARY, Or, the public Library of the University, which retains the name of its principal Founder, ori- ginally consisted of three large rooms united, forming the figure of a Roman H. To these have been added several other rooms ; the first, on the north staircase, contains the valuable col- lection of topographical books and manuscripts bequeathed to the University in 1799 by that learned antiquary, Mr. Gough : a second is ap- propriated to foreign, and a third to domestic periodical literature. Below the Library, on the south, or entrance staircase, is an apart- ment called the Auctarium, fitted up in 1788 for the reception of the choicest manuscripts, early printed books, &c. In an adjoining room there is a very fine collection of oriental manu- scripts, and beyond this are deposited the mis- cellaneous manuscripts of Archbishop Laud and other benefactors. Strangers fond of the study of bibliography, may, through the introduction of a Master of Arts, or any gentleman well known in the University, derive any informa- THE BODLEIAN LIBRARY. 63 tion they may desire relative to the curious con- tents of this invaluable Library, from the Libra- rian, or Sub- Librarians. All members of the University who have taken a degree are admitted to study in the Library; no books are suffered to be taken from it. Literary characters, either natives or foreigners, are also allowed, on being properly recommended, to read and take extracts from the books in this collection. The following Portraits are in the Library: — Sir Thomas Bodley, Founder; James, Rouse, Barlow, Lockey, Hyde, Hudson, and Bowles, Libra- rians; Sir K. Digby; Grotius; Erasmus; Sel- den ; Archbishop Usher ; Hicks ; Wanley ; Lye; Bishop Atterbury ; Lord Crewe; Dean Nowell ; Dean Aldrich ; Junius, an original and very spirited sketch by Vandyck ; together with Chaucer; Gower; Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey; Sir Thos. Wyatt ; Sir Thomas More, &c. ; and Busts of Sir Thomas Bodley and Charles I. This Library was founded on the remains of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester's, by Sir Thomas Bodley, who was born at Exeter in 1544, died in 1612, and was interred in Merton College Chapel, where there is a monument erected to his memory. It was first opened to the public in November, 1602. The Library is continually increasing by the addition of a copy of every book printed in this country, (claimed by Act of Parliament;) by donations, and by purchases. The officers are a Librarian, two Under Librarians, and two As- sistant-Librarians. — The Library is open, between Lady-Day and Michaelmas, from nine in the morning till four in the afternoon ; and during the other half-year from ten till three. It is closed on Sundays and State Holydays ; from Christmas Eve to the first of January ; on the feast of Epiphany ; from Good Friday to Easter Tuesday; on the Ascension Day; Whit-Monday and Tuesday ; on the days of Encaenia and Commemoration ; seven days immediately after the first of September, and eight days preceding the Visitation of the Library, which takes place on the eighth of November. On other Holydays it is opened immediately after the University Sermon. f2 64* THE PICTURE GALLERY. On the left of the green door, by which we enter the Bodleian Library, is the &T PICTURE GALLERY Which, besides the numerous portraits, land- scapes and historical paintings, contains several busts, particularly a fine one of John, Duke of Marlborough, who died in 1722. This is in the first window : the other busts are in the centre room, where are casts of Apollo and the Venus de Medici, and a most superb statue in brass of William, Earl of Pembroke, Chancellor of the University from 1616 to 1630, universally admired for the excellence of its execution and the dignity and propriety of its attitude. It was designed by Rubens, and executed by Hu- bert le Soeur, who cast the equestrian statue of Charles I. at Charing Cross. This Gallery contains the following Models of Ancient Buildings, chiefly made by M. Fou/- quet, of Paris : — The Arch of Const antine, which stands at the foot of the Palatine Hill, very near the Co- losseum ; and erected by the senate in honour of Constan tine's victory over Maxentius. The building consists of one large arch, with a smaller one on each side; and is ornamented with eight Corinthian pillars of giallo antico, with a statue over each. The Parthenon^ or Temple of Minerva, built upwards of four hundred years before the coming of Christ, during the administration of Pericles, who employed Callicrates and Ictinus as archi- tects, under Phidias, to whom he committed the direction of all works of elegance and magnifi- cence. Sir G. Wheeler, who visited this splen- did temple in 1676, describes it as "consisting altogether of admirable white marble. There THE PICTURE GALLERY. 65 were forty-six pillars, forty- two feet high and seventeen and a half in circumference. The distance from pillar to pillar was seven feet four inches." Great part of the pediment and frieze was taken down by Lord Elgin, and some time since was purchased by Government for the British Museum. Phidias made an ivory statue of Minerva for this temple, thirty-nine feet high and decked with pure gold to the value of up- wards of 120,000/. sterling. The temple of the Sybil, or of Vesta, at Ti*> voli. This beautiful temple, believed to be of the Augustan age, was circular, and surrounded originally with eighteen columns, of which ten only are now standing. The total height of the temple was about thirty-three feet. It is called the Temple of Vesta merely on account of its circular form ; but this was a common form of ancient temples : it is, therefore, more probably 9 the famous temple of the Sybil, to the situation of which it exactly answers. It may serve as a model of architecture, so perfect and so exqui- sitely beautiful are its design, its symmetry, and proportions. The Maison Carree of Nismes, one of the most beautiful of ancient buildings in the world, as well as the best preserved. MafFei, who had seen all the buildings of Italy, expresses himself with so much admiration in speaking of this, that he says the sight of it alone is sufficient to give a taste for architecture to those who never had any. The order is Corinthian, the orna- ments are so exquisitely delicate, and the pro- portions so just, that nothing, even in the age of Augustus ever surpassed it. It was sur- rounded with thirty columns. Its length was seventy-two feet, and its breadth thirty-six feet. M. Seguier supposes it to have been consecrated f 3 66 THE PICTURE GALLERY. to Caius and Lucius Caesar, the adopted sons of Augustus. The Lantern of Demosthenes^ or Choragic Monument of Lysicrates. From the name of the Archon inscribed on the architrave, it ap- pears that this building was erected three hun- dred and thirty years before the Christian era. The height of the original is thirty-three feet eleven inches; the diameter of the basement circle about eight feet. Temple of Fortuna Virilis. This is consi- dered by architects as one of the best specimens of the Ionic style to be seen in Rome. Vasi says, it is not only the most ancient, but the most beautiful temple in Rome; that it was erected by Servius Tullius, as a tribute of gra- titude to Fortune for having raised him from the condition of a slave to the dignity of a king, and that it w T as rebuilt or restored in the time of the Republic. About the year 872, this temple was changed into a church and dedicated to the Virgin. Theatre of Herculaneum. This elegant model represents a Roman Theatre which is now co- vered with lava, and can only be visited by de- scending through a steep tunnel, and only seen by torch-light. Although the town in which this building stands was swallowed up by an earthquake, which accompanied an eruption of Vesuvius, nearly 1750 years ago; yet the The- atre is preserved in a state of perfection beyond most other ancient edifices. The JSrectheum, Pa?idroseum, and Temple of Minerva Polias. These temples are in the Acropolis, or citadel of Athens. The remains of the Erectheum are of white marble, the archi- tectural ornaments of very exquisite workman- ship, and uncommonly curious. The columns THE PICTURE GALLERY. 67 of the front of the temple of Neptune are stand- ing, with the architrave; and also the screen and portico of Minerva Polias, with a portion of the cella, retaining traces of the partition wall, which originally divided the temples. The ca- pitals of the Ionic columns, supporting the tem- ple of Minerva Polias, are of so astonishing a delicacy that it seems incredible marble could be so finely sculptured. The Pandroseum is a small but very curious building. The entabla- ture is supported by Caryatides, or female figures, the origin of which is as follows : the Carians had been long at war with the Athe- nians; but being at length totally vanquished, their wives were led away captives, and to per- petuate the memory of this event, trophies were erected, in which figures of women, dressed in the Caryatic manner, were used to support en- tablatures, and though other female figures were afterwards used in the same manner, the name of Caryatides was always retained. Temple of Neptune at Pcestum. This model of one of the oldest buildings to be seen in Italy was made by Mr. Wyatt, jun., an ingenious artist of this city, from a cork model brought from Naples. This hypaethral temple is sup- posed to have been coeval with the earliest period of the Grecian emigration to the south of Italy; it has six columns in the front, and fourteen on each side, including the angular ones. The upper step of the stylobate, or flight of steps, is a parallelogram, 195 feet 4 inches by 78 feet 10. The columns have twenty-four flutings. Not a single column, either of the outer peristyles, or of the vestibules is wanting, and the entablature is nearly perfect all around. The columns are 6 feet 10 inches in diameter, and 28 feet 1 1 in height, including the capital ; those of the interior range are 4 feet 8 inches in 68 THE PICTURE GALLERY. diameter, and 19 feet 9 in height. The lower columns of this very ancient temple still remain, and seven of the upper. The lateral walls of the cella have almost disappeared. The stone used in this and the other buildings is a stalac- tite, formed by a calcareous deposit from water, and brought from the mountain Alburnus. A thin coating of stucco was laid over the whole, to fill up the interstices of this porous stone. Age has given it a deep tint of reddish brown, which harmonizes well with the sombre appear- ance of the surrounding country. " Taking into view (says Forsyth) the imme- morial antiquity of these ruins, their astonishing preservation, their grandeur, their bold colum- nar elevation, at once massive and open, their severe simplicity of design; that simplicity in which art generally begins, and to which, after a thousand revolutions of ornaments, it again returns; taking all, I say, into one view, I do not hesitate to call these the most impressive monuments that I ever beheld on earth. "* The cases in this Gallery contain books be- longing to the Bodleian Library. The north and south sides are 129! feet long, and 24J broad; the east side 158| feet by 24|. Our limits will not permit us to insert a com- plete list of the excellent Portraits contained in this Gallery ; the following form a part of them : — Sir Thomas Bodley, the founder of the Library, by Cor- nelius Jansen, over the entrance door : on the right of the entrance, and onwards, a series of Chancellors of the Uni- versity, viz. Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester ; Sir Thomas Sackville, Lord Buckhurst, afterwards Earl of Dorset; Sir Thomas Egerton, Lord Ellesmere ; William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, by Vandyck ; William Laud, Archbishop of Can- * For an interesting and minute description of these mo- dels, and of the painting called the Schools of Athens, see the " Appendix to the Oxford Guide." THE PICTURE GALLERY. 69 terbury, beheaded in 1645; Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, by Lely ; James Butler, Duke of Ormond, by Sir Godfrey Kneller; Butler, Earl of Arran, by Sir James Thornhill; Lee, Earl of Litchfield, by Huddesford; North, Earl of Guilford, who died in 1792; the Duke of Portland, who died in 1809, by West; and some of the Founders of the different Colleges. The following are among the miscellaneous portraits : — Charles, Duke of Grafton, by Sir Joshua Reynolds ; Bishop Andrews ; Archbishop Usher ; Sir Henry Saville, by Gar- rett ; Galileo ; Father Paul ; Casaubon ; Sir Kenelm Digby, by Vandyck; Sir John Hawkyns, died in 1595; Sir Martin Frobisher ; Charles XII. of Sweden, by Schroeder ; Frederic I. of Prussia ; Mary Queen of Scots, much admired and sup- posed to be an original, given by the late Alderman Fletcher; Lord Burleigh on a mule, ditto; Grotius, by Rembrandt; Luther ; Erasmus, by Holbein ; Courayer ; Cardinal Benti- voglio, by Penny ; Locke, by Gibson ; Dillenius ; Sir P. Sydney, burnt on wood by the late Dr. Griffith, Master of University College; the Earl of Strafford, by Vandyck; Handel, an original, by Hudson, the only one that Handel ever sat to; James I.; Charles I. and his Queen; Henry, Prince of Wales; Princess Elizabeth Palatine; Charles II. and his Queen, by Lely ; Charles II. when a boy; James, Duke of York and his Duchess, by Lely ; Duns Scotus, (who died in 1308), by Spagnoletto: or, according to Hearne, by Ashfield, from his own invention ; Laurence, Earl of Rochester, by Lely ; Sir Godfrey Kneller, by himself; Isaac Fuller, said to have been taken by himself when in a state of intoxication ; Dr. King, Principal of St. Mary Hall ; Dr. Wallis, a very fine full-leugth, by Kneller; Chaucer; Tay- lor, the Water Poet; Ben Jonson ; Cowley ; Samuel Butler; Ogilvie ; Sheffield, Duke of Normanby and Buckingham- shire ; Dryden ; Addison ; Pope ; Matthew Prior ; Dean Swift; Creech; George III. in his coronation robes, by Ramsay; Josiah Pullen, Vice- Principal of Magdalen Hall, who planted Joe Pullen's tree on Headington Hill ; &c. Among the paintings are — THE SCHOOLS OF ATHENS, supposed to be the work of Julio Romano, which is much admired; its cele- brity has induced several artists to copy it; * the Death of General Wolfe, in 1759, by Penny ; the Marquis of Granby, on horseback, bestowing charity on a sick soldier and his * A full account of this picture is given in the " Appendix to the Oxford Guide/' 70 THE ARUNDEL MARBLES. family, by Penny; Moses striking the Rock, by the same artist ; a Flemish Peasant with a basket on his arm, and two boys stealing fruit, by Frank Hall; a Calm Sea, by Vilnart; a storm in Haerlem Meer, by Porcellus ; the Fleet of Eng- land, commanded by James, Duke of York, 1673, by Phillips ; the Seven Vices, painted on copper, by Godfrey Schalken, viz. — Pride, Lust, Envy, Sloth, Avarice, Drunkenness, and Revenge ; a fine Claude, and several other Landscapes by Lord Harcourt, Oldfield Bowles, Esq. &c; and some others. The fine old painted glass in the windows opposite the statue of the Earl of Pembroke, was the gift of the late venerable Alderman Fletcher. The following pictures are on the staircase:— Cardinal Langton (Archbishop of Canterbury) producing to the Barons, and the rest of the Assembly, at St. Edmund's Bury, the Charter granted by Henry I. on which is founded the Liberty of the British Constitution ; Sir Martin Fro- bisher; Sir J. Chardin; Dr. Coney; a South Prospect of Oxford; James Zarabella ; Admiral Hawkins ; Moses strik- ing the Rock ; Christ's first appearance to his Disciples ; the Death of Addison, and the Birth of Ericthonius. On this staircase are also Busts of Sir Thomas Bodley and Dr. Wallis. THE ARUNDEL MARBLES Are on the north side of the square of the Schools ; these were given to the University by the Duke of Norfolk, when Lord Howard, in 1677. Of these marbles we have been favoured with the following account, written by the late Rev. John Price, many years chief Librarian of the Bodleian Library: — "Thomas, Earl of Arundel and Surrey, Lord Marshal of England, sent William Petty into Asia to search for some curious monuments of antiquity, where he bought those which we call the Arundel Marbles, of a Turk, who had taken them from a learned man, sent by the famous Peiresc into Greece and Asia upon the same design. These precious marbles were placed in the Earl's house and gardens, upon the banks of the Thames. Selden wrote a book of THE ARUNDEL MARBLES, 71 what they contained in 1629, which has been a great help to D. Petau, Saumaise, Vossius, and several learned men in their works. These ancient marbles discover several things, both concerning the history and chronology of the Greeks. Amongst the epochas marked in them there are three very particular, viz. the 9th, which they reckoned from the arrival of the first ship out of Egypt into Greece, and 1512 years before the birth of Christ; the 12th, which they counted from the time that Ceres came to Athens, in Erectheus's reign; and the 40th, from the day that comedies began to be acted at Athens, according to Sausarion's invention. Another of these Marbles shews what gave occasion to the Fable of the Centaurs, viz. hunting the wild bull, first invented by the Thessalians ; they also furnish us with several other curious observa- tions, as that the custom of burning bodies was laid aside in Macrobius's time; and that none but emperors, vestals, and men of special note, were suffered to have their tombs within the walls of Rome." Here are also the antique Marbles given by the executors of the learned Selden, and, for the present, recently taken from the Picture Gallery,— The Amphitheatre of Verona. This is an exact representation in cork of the present state of this Amphitheatre, supposed to have been built about the time of the Emperor Adrian. Ac- cording to Lalande, its diameter is 464 feet by 367; and that of the arena 225 by 133. Its circumference 1331 feet. From some stones which still are seen, it is conceived that it had a fourth story, and that the total height was from 110 to 120 feet. There were 45 rows of seats, which could contain above 22,000 per- sons, allowing a foot and a half for each place. The whole superficies is about four acres and 72 POMFRET STATUES. nearly one-third. The whole building was erected without cement, and joined and secured by iron cramps, overlaid with lead. Only four of the external arches now remain. Opposite the entrance to the Bodleian is the Logic and Moral Philosophy School, which contains the marbles, statues, busts, &c. pre- sented to the University in 1755, by the Countess Dowager of Pomfret, of which the following is a list: — POMFRET STATUES. 1 A Grecian Lady 29 A trunk of a Woman 2 Archimedes 30 A boy with his finger in 3 A Roman Emperor his mouth 4 Minerva 31 Jupiter sitting 5 A Roman Emperor 32 A Woman 6 Cicero in the proper habit 33 The trunk of a Woman 7 A Grecian Lady 34 Germanicus's Tomb 8 A Column from the Tem- 35 Two Capitals with beasts' ple of Apollo at Delphos, heads with an Apollo placed at 36 An Egyptian Chair the top 37 A Stone carved with a 9 Sabina claw at the end 10 A Venus de Medicis 38 A Roman Consul 11 A square Roman Altar 39 A Woman 12 Terminus of Pan 40 Flora 13 Minerva 41 Hercules 14 A Roman Altar 42 Diana 15 A Statue of a Woman 43 A Hymen leaning on his 16 A Venus torch 17 A Roman Altar 44 A Venus 18 A Statue of Clio sitting 45 A circular Altar 19 A Roman Altar 46 Melpomene sitting 20 Statue of a young Dacian 47 A Roman Altar 21 A Roman Altar 48 A Grecian Lady 22 Antinoiis 49 A Roman Altar 23 A Grecian Lady 50 Camilla 24 Jupiter and Leda 51 A Grecian Philosopher 25 An antique Capital 52 A Roman Altar 26 A circular Pedestal, finely 53 Caius Marius ornamented with heads 54 A Bacchus and festoons of fruit 55 A Roman Altar 27 Scipio Africanus, or De- 56 Julia mosthenes 57 A Roman Fathom 28 A Woman, clothed 5S A Sphynx DIVINITY SCHOOL. 73 59 A Sphynx GO A Sacrifice 61 A Basso relievo of a Da- cian Sacrifice 62 A part of a Sacrifice 63 Naked trunk of an Her- maphrodite 64 Basso relievo 65 Basso relievo of a Shep- herd 66 A Bacchanalian 67 A Woman's Head 68 A trunk of a Man 69 A trunk of a Woman 70 A Consular Trunk 71 Trunk of a Woman 72 Bust of a Roman 73 The Head of a Man 74 A trunk of Venus 75 An old Man's Head 76 A Man's Head 77 Part of a Head and Neck 78 An old Man's Head 79 Statue of a young Satyr 80 A trunk of a Man 81 Beasts devouring Men 82 A trunk of a Woman 83 Part of a Man's Foot 84 A naked trunk of a Man 85 Part of two Masks 86 A Lion 87 An alabaster Urn 88 A Sarcophagus 89 Statue of Judith 90 A ditto of Hercules choking a Lion 91 Sarcophagus, with Boys 92 A Sea Lion 93 Dogs and a Boar 94 A sleeping Cupid 95 A Sarcophagus 96 A basso relievo Roman Repast 97 A trunk of a Woman 98 Soldiers fighting 99 Soldiers fighting 100 A trunk of a young Man 11)1 Triumph of Amphitryon 102 A trunk of a Woman 103 The taking of Troy 104 Boys embracing 105 The Herculean Games 106 Boys 107 A Woman and a Child 108 Roman Monument, with three busts 109 Part of a Roman Monu- ment 110 Ditto 111 Bust of a Roman Head 112 Ditto 113 A Roman Bust 114 A Bust of Fauna 115 Ditto of Faunus 116 Bust of a young Man 117 A Bust of Diana 118 A Bust of a Grecian 119 A Bust of a Woman 120 Ditto of a Philosopher 121 Philosophy, a Bust 122 A bust of Niobe 123 Bust of one of Niobe's sons 124 A Bust of Vecus de Me- dicis 125 Ditto of a Woman 126 A Bust, clothed 127 Ditto 128 Litto 129 Ditto 130 A Bust, naked 131 Bust of an old Man 132 A Bust of a Roman 133 Bust of Henry VIII. (modern) 134 Do. (modern) of Hob. C Pal. Rheu. D. Bav. 1637* 135 Colossal Head of Apollo i of five Orders is the Opposite the gatewa; entrance to the DIVINITY SCHOOL. This fine room was completed in 1480; it dis- plays an example of rich Gothic masonry that G 74 THE THEATRE. has few rivals. Sir Christopher Wren was em- ployed, in the beginning of the last century, to repair and restore its splendid stone roof; and he executed the work with that skill and judg- ment which distinguished all his undertakings. In this School are still performed the exercises for the degrees of Bachelor and Doctor of Divi- nity. It is divided by a carved railing into two parts, in the upper of which is an elevated pulpit for the Professor, desks for disputants, &c. The lower part is appointed for the audience. Oppo- site the Divinity School stands if* THE THEATRE. This fine edifice, which is one of the princi- pal ornaments of Oxford, was designed and completed in five years by one of the Profes- sors, the great Sir Christopher Wren, who, from being the most profound mathematician of his age, became its first architect. The first stone of it was laid in 1664?, and the whole expense of building and fitting it up was defrayed by Arch- bishop Sheldon, amounting to nearly 15,000/. He added 2000/. to be laid out in estates for its support and repair; and a few years since, the late Dr. Wills, Warden of Wadham Col- lege, left 1000/. for the same purpose. The ground plan of this Theatre was taken from that of Marcellus at Rome; and, by a consummate contrivance and geometrical ar- rangement, it is made to receive, with conve- nience, upwards of three thousand persons. Its interior is 80 feet by 70. The roof rests upon the side walls without cross beams, an inven- tion which at first engrossed universal attention, but is now known to every architect In con- sequence of the roof being in danger of falling, a new one was substituted in 1802. In imita- tion of the ancient theatres, the walls of which The theatre. 75 were too widely expanded to admit of a roof, the ceiling has the appearance of a painted can* vass strained over gilt cordage. It was painted by Streater, sergeant-painter to Charles II. — Several of the compartments are happily con- ceived; the outline of many of the figures is elegant and correct, and the colouring at once solid and lively. The following is a description of the Painting, taken from Plot's Oxford- shire : — The great reddish drapery is furled up by the Genii, and, by discovering the open air, makes way for the descent of the Arts and Sciences, that are congregated in a circle of clouds, to whose assembly Truth descends as if solicited by them all. For joy of this festival some other Genii sport above the clouds, with their garlands of flowers and laurels for the lovers and students of the Arts and Sciences, whilst their enemies, Envy, Rapine, and Ignorance, are thrown head- long from the clouds. This is proclaimed by other Genii, who, sounding their trumpets, divide themselves into the several quarters of the world. Over the front entrance are the three figures tumbling down; first Envy with her snaky hairs, squint eyes, hag's breast, pale, venomous complexion, strong but ugly limbs, and shrivelled skin, driven down by the sight of the Gorgon's head on Pallas's shield, against which she in vain opposes her snaky tresses ; her fall is so precipitous, that she has no command of her arms. Then Rapine, with her fiery eyes and grinning teeth, her hands imbrued in blood, holding a bloody dagger in one hand, in the other a burning torch, threatening the destruction of learning and its habitations ; but she is overcome by the Herculean Genius of Power and Bravery. Next is repre- sented brutish^ scoffing Ignorance, endeavouring to contemn and vilify what she does not understand ; but she is charmed and overcome by the Mercurial Genius, Prudence, with the Caduceus. In the midst of the squares and triangles is Truth, sitting on a cloud ; in one hand holding the palm- branch, the emblem of Victory; in the other the Sun, whose resplendent brightness enlivens the whole circle of figures ; among which the principal is Theology, with her book of seven seals, imploring the assistance of Truth for the un- folding of it. On her left hand is the Mosaical Law, veiled, with the tables of stone, to which she points with her iron wand. On her right hand is the Gospel, with the cross in one hand, and the sacramental cup in the other. In the same division, over the Mosaical Law, is History, holding up her pen as dedicating it to Truth, and an attending Genius, with several fragments of old writing, from which she collects G 2 76 THE THEATRE. her history into her books. On the other side, near the Gospel, is Divine Poesy, with her harp of David's fashion. In the triangle on the right hand of the Gospel is Logic, in an attitude of arguing ; ou the left of the Mosaical Law is Music, with her lyre, having a pen in her hand, and a paper of musical notes on her knee, with a Genius on her right hand, a little within the partition of Theology, playing on a flute. On the left but within the partition for Physic, is Dramatic Poesy, with a ma.-v. - THE ASHMOLEAN MUSEUM. This was the first public institution for the reception of rarities in art or nature established in England, and in the infancy of the study of natural history in this country, possessed what was then considered a valuable and superior collection. The building, which is the work of Sir Christopher Wren, is admirable for its just architectural proportions. Its situation, indeed^ is unfavourable, and its portico is almost ob- scured in the narrow passage made by the Theatre. In 1677, Elias Ashmole made a proposal to the University to bestow on it the valuable col- lection formed by the Tradescants, father and son, two eminent gardeners and botanists at Lambeth, which he had enlarged by coins, me- dals, and manuscripts, collected by himself, if that body would engage to erect a building for its reception. The University willingly assented 92 THE ASHMOLEAN MUSEUM. to this proposition, and in 1682 the requisite building was completed. After his death the Museum was enlarged by the addition of his valuable antiquarian library, and has been aug- mented by Martin Lister's collection of ores, fossils, &c. ; the manuscripts of John Aubrey, Sir William Dugdale, and Anthony Wood ; the collections in natural history of Dr. Plot and Edward Llwyd, the first two keepers of the Museum, and of Mr. Borlase, the historian of Cornwall; the curiosities of the South Sea Islands, given by Mr. Reinhold Forster, and the dresses and various instruments of the Esqui- maux Indians, all of which are curious speci- mens of their ingenuity. They were presented to the Museum by Captains Lyon and Beechey, Sir Thos. Phillipps, and Lieutenant Harding. Here is also a great portion of the Barrow- Antiquities, described in the Nkma Brjtannica, presented in 1829, by Sir Richard Colt Hoare, Bart. Dr. Rawlinson assisted the endowment, by bequeathing a salary for the keeper, provided that he be a Layman of the degree of M.A. or B.C.L. unmarried, and neither F.R.S. nor F.S.A. The skins of animals collected by the Trades- cants had fallen into decay. Cabinets fitted for the display and arrangement of bones and shells, and other curiosities less liable to injury from time, were wholly wanting; and the apartment had, in the course of a century, become much dilapidated, when a new and ardent spirit, excited in no small degree by the popularity of Paley's work on Natural Theology, and by the physio- logical lectures of Professors Kidd and Buck- land, induced the Trustees to resolve on a gene- ral repair and renovation of the Museum. — Their wish was seconded by the liberality of the Vice- Chancellor and Convocation. New spe- cimens of every department of Natural History THE ASHMOLEAN MUSEUM. 93 have been procured, and a double arrangement of all the materials, new and old, has been formed. The first division proposes to familiarize the eye to those relations of all natural objects which form the basis of argument in Dr. Paley's Natural Theology : to induce a mental habit of associating the view of natural phenomena with the conviction that they are the media of divine manifestation : and by such association to give proper dignity to every branch of natural science. The second division exhibits relicks of anti- quity, arranged according to the order of time, with some specimens of curious art, of uncivi- lized as well as of refined nations. In the exhibition of animals, the order of Cuvier has been generally adopted. The name of every specimen is conspicuously affixed, and hand catalogues explain the general principle of the arrangement, and the contents of each cabi- net to which they refer. If it should be remarked that the quantity of objects is less numerous and less splendid than that which may be found in many other towns of less note than Oxford, it ought also to be noticed, that for the purpose of suggesting the important conclusion which alone can sanctify the pursuit of any branch of science, the multi- tude and even the elegance of specimens is of secondary importance ; the primary being a display of those wonderful and strongly marked diversities of organization by which the wise Author of nature has adapted various means to various ends ; various parts to various purposes ; various machinery to diversities of actions : to differences in the destination of instinct, to dif- ference of elements. 94 THE ASHMOLEAN MUSEUM. Amongst the curiosities contained in the Mu- seum are : — An ancient jewel, which was worn by Alfred the Great as an amulet. On one side is a figure sitting, supposed to be St. Cuthbert, holding what appears like two lilies; on the other side is a rudely-engraved flower. The jewel is en- amelled with gold, with a Saxon inscription round it, which, translated, means " Alfred ordered me to be made." It was found in 1639, in Newton Park, a short distance northward of the isle of Athelney, Somersetshire, where King Alfred found shelter when the Danes had overrun the country. It was given to the University by Thomas Palmer, Esq. of Fairfield, Somerset, in 1718. — See Hicks's Thesaurus. A large Magnet which supports a weight of 150lbs. Several fine Models of ships, and one of a Chinese junk. Curious specimens of Mineralogy. A good Collection of English and other Coins. A Crucifix in ivory, sent to the Museum by the Portuguese Ambassador, at the time of the riots in London, in 1780. A head of the bird called a Dodo, the species of which is extinct. Dr. Shaw, the celebrated Naturalist, discovered it among other preserved parts of birds in the Museum ; previously to which he considered the accounts of this ex- traordinary bird as fabulous. A model of the celebrated Druidical Monument at Stone- henge, in its original state, according to Dr. Stukely. A model of the same in its present state. A model of the Druidical Temple at Abury. A Collection of Roman Antiquities, in Pottery, Swords, &c. The Sword presented by Pope Leo X. to Henry Vlll. the hilt of which is extremely curious, being formed of crystal, and set in silver. An ancient Peg Tankard, which illustrates several passages in our old writers. These tankards were used at festivals and drinking parties. An Egyptian Mummy, upwards of two thousand years old, given to the Museum by the late Alderman Fletcher. A very handsome large Indian Hookah, or Tobacco Pipe, presented by the Rev. Dr. Collinson,late Provost of Queen's College. A Saxon Lantern, ornamented with crystals, in fine preser- vation. Curious Malabar and Burmese Manuscripts. Several Burmese Idols, one presented by Sir Henry Torrens. Various African Instruments and Dresses. A singular small Horn, curved after the manner of a sheep's horn, about three inches long, which is said to have grown on the head of an old woman in Cheshire, named Mary THE ASHMOLEANf MUSEUM. 95 Davis, of whom there is a portrait, with a representation of the horn growing above the ear. A quantity of Nails fused tog-ether by lightning. The head of a very ancient Crozier. The head of a New Zealand Chief who was killed in battle This very curious head was dried by the natives, and pre- sented to the Museum by the Rev. J. Hill, M.A. of New College, in February, 1822. Also a piece of Obsidian, from the lava of New Zealand, used by the natives for the purpose of tatooing. A model representing the nerves of the human face, by Mr. Pax ton, of Oxford. A representation of Christ bearing his Cross, made with the feathers of the humming bird. A large shoe, made of about a thousand patches of leather. It belonged to John Bigg, who was formerly Clerk to Judge Mayne, one of the Judges that gave sentence upon Charles the First. He lived at Dinton, in Buckingham- shire, in a cave under ground, had been a man of tolerable wealth, was looked upon as a pretty good scholar, and of no contemptible parts. Upon the Restoration, he grew melancholy, betook himself to a recluse life, made all his other clothes in the same manner as the shoe, lived by begging, but never asked for any thing but leather, which he would immediately nail to his clothes, yet kept three bottles that hung at his girdle, viz. one for strong beer, another for small beer, and the third for milk, which liquors used to be given and brought to him, as was his other sustenance, notwithstanding he never asked for them. — Hearne's Letter to Willis in Bod. Lib. A curious collection of ancient carvings, in ivory ; ornaments used by Roman Catholics, which formerly belonged to Religious Houses. Fragments collected by the celebrated Belzoni during his re- searches in the Egyptian Catacombs. A collection of Spears, &c. from Fernando Po, given by Cap- tain Cole, R.N. in 1828. A similar collection of articles, used by the natives inhabit- ing Petras, in the Lower Missions of Peru, given in 1828, by Lieut. Maw, R.N. Two gold chains, one of beautiful fillagree work, presented to Ashmole on the publication of his History of the Order of the Garter. A collection of antique w r atches, among which is a very cu- rious one set in turquoise stones, which belonged to Queen Elizabeth ; also one which belonged to and was constantly worn by Oliver Cromwell. The ring of the late Cardinal York, containing the portraits of the First Pretender and his Wife. Models of the Fruits of Mexico. 96 THE ASHMOLEAN MUSEUM. Models in wax of Fungi, &c. A model of the very curious Kalendar Stone, which weighs more than five tons, found under the celebrated Temple of the Sun at Mexico. There are a few good paintings, viz. Christ's Descent into Hell, by Brugell ; a Dead Christ, by Annibal Caracci ; Thomas, Earl of Arundel, and his son, by Vandyck ; two very fine por- traits of Charles I. by Vandyck ; Charles II. and James II. ; Ben Jonson ; the Tradescant Family, by Dobson, and the Battle of Pavia, very ancient. The lower part of this building contains the apparatus for the Chemical Lec- tures read by the Professor. The deputy keeper, who shews the Museum to strangers, is in daily attendance there from eleven until four o'clock. The sum to be given, which is small, is written on a board placed at the entrance. Elias Ashmole, already recorded as the Founder of this estimable collection of natural and artificial curiosities, was boru at Lichfield on the 23rd of May, 1617. During the Rebellion he bore arms in the service of King Charles ; be- came afterwards a student of Brasennose College, and was subsequently called to the bar. His death took place May 18th, 1692. Though learned himself, and a liberal patron of learning, he was an implicit believer in astronomical pre- dictions, and, in other respects, lamentably tinctured with the superstitious credulity of the age. Of this he has left behind him in his manuscript papers ample evidence. Proceeding up Broad -street, we continue our walk a few paces, and, passing by the back gate of Exeter College, turn on the left into the Turle, which was formerly a narrow lane, but, about forty years since, was much widened, and the houses rebuilt. On the left side of this street is EXETER COLLEGB. HALL. 97 EXETER COLLEGE. **"* The Porter's Lodge is on the right of the entrance gateway. The front of this College, which is opposite Jesus College, extends 220 feet, with a large central gateway, consisting of a rustic basement, from which spring four pilasters, of the Ionic order, supporting a semicircular pediment, crowned by a balustrade. The interior presents a spacious quadrangle, which is formed by the Hall, the Chapel, the Rector's Lodgings (which received a new front at the expense of the Col- lege in 1798,) and the apartments of the mem- bers of the Society. Behind the Rector's Lodg- ings is a large house, which was erected by Dr. Prideaux, who was Rector, from 1612 to 1642, for the accommodation of the foreigners who were attracted, by the great reputation he en- joyed, to resort to his instruction.* It was afterwards occupied by private families, but se- veral years since was taken into the limits of the College, and is inhabited by the Fellows. East- ward of this house, and adjoining the Museum, a new and handsome building has recently been erected, which contains nine sets of rooms facing Broad-street. At the eastern extremity of this building is a fine oriel window. The garden is pleasantly laid out, and, though in a central part of the City, is open to the east, where a terrace commands some of the principal build- ings of the University. The Hall was erected by Sir John A eland, in 1620; he gave 800/. and the College 200/. * Dr. John Prideaux was the child of poor parents, and was once a menial in the kitchen of the very College of which he afterwards became Rector. His talents and ex- cellent behaviour were the sole causes of his promotion, which did equal honour to himself, and the members of the Society to which he belonged. I 98 EXETER COLLEGE. — LIBRARY. for that purpose. When the ground for this erection was excavating, a stone coffin was dis- covered, containing the remains of a man with a crown on his head, and at his side money and other valuable articles. A few years since this Refectory was completely refitted, and deco- rated with new handsome windows, at an ex- pense of nearly 1800/. Round each window is a border of coloured glass, which has a good effect. It is a very neat room, and adorned with a fine whole-length portrait of the Foun- der, painted and presented in 1789, by Mr. Peters, some time a member of this College; an old portrait of the same distinguished person ; others of Charles I.; Sir John Periam ; Sir John Acland; Luke Milbourn, M.A. ; Archbishops Marsh and Seeker; Mrs. Shiers; Bishop Hall; Sir Wm. Petre; the Earl of Macclesfield ; Lord Ducie; Attorney-General Noy; Dr. Short- rudge; and of Doctors Hakewill, Conybeare, Webber, Bray, Stinton, and Richards, Rectors. The Library, which is most amply stored with useful and valuable books, was erected in 1778, after a design of the late Rev. VV. Crowe, Public Orator. Thomas Richards, Esq. and the Rev. Joseph Sandford, B.D. Fellow of Bal- liol, contributed largely to the furnishing of it,* * In the Library is a portrait of Mr, Sandford, who is re- presented with a book under his arm, supposed to be the first complete edition of the Hebrew Bible, printed at Son- cino, in Italy, A.D. 14S8, a book of great rarity, which he purchased in London for a mere trifle. It was included in his bequest to the College, Mr. Sandford was a learned and very eccentric divine. He used to read at the end of a gal- lery, without fire, in the coldest weather. On every Friday, in all weathers, he never missed walking to some house four or five miles from Oxford, on the banks of the isis or the Cherwell, where he always dined on fish. He was a mem- ber of this Society, and afterwards a Fejlow of Balliol Col- lege. He died in 1774, and was buried in St. Mary Magda- len Church. EXETER COLLEGE. — CHAPEL. 99 [t contains most of the Aldine classics, and has a fine copy of the extremely rare and valuable collection of Voyages, by De Bry, which we believe, approaches more nearly to a complete set than any other in the University. In 1708 the apartment, in which the books belonging to this Society were then deposited, caught fire, and the greater part of them was destroyed. The Bodleian Library, not more than twelve yards distant, was in great danger from this fire, as the wind was westerly. Fortunately, so lamentable a calamity as the destruction of the finest library in the world was prevented by speedy and effectual assistance* The Chapel was begun in 1622-3, and com- pleted by Dr. George Hakewill, afterwards Rector, who contributed 1200/. for that pur- pose, the remaining sum of 200/. being provided by the College. It consists of two aisles. The windows are eight in number, on each of which is this inscription: — Domus mea, Domus ora- tionis." (My House is the House of prayer.) It displays various monumental inscriptions: and on the roof, as well as over the screens, are the arms of Dr. Hakewill. In the centre of the inner Chapel is a fine brass eagle, used as a reading desk, presented to the Society by the Rev. John Vivian, B.D. in 1637. This College was founded in 1314, by Walter de Staple- don, Bishop of Exeter and called Stapledon Hall ; afterwards the Bishop removed to this Society his scholars from Hart Hall, and made a foundation for a Rector and twelve Fel- lows. In 1404, Edmund Stafford, Bishop of Exeter, added two Fellowships, and obtained leave to give the College it^ present name. In 1565, Sir William Petre added eight Fel- lowsliips. Charles 1. in 1636, annexed one; and Mrs.Shiers, who died in 1700, left certain rents for two additional Fel- lowships. The present Foundation consists of a Rector, 25 Fellows, and 19 Scholars and Exhibitioners. About 290 members are on the College books. Visitor — The Bishop of Exeter. I 2 100 JESUS COLLEGE. — HALL. Opposite Exeter is JESUS COLLEGE. *** The Porter's Lodge is on the left of the entrance gateway. We enter this College by a handsome rustic gateway. The first quadrangle, 90 feet by 70, is formed by the Chapel on the north side, the Hall on the west, and apartments for the mem- bers on the south and east. The second, or inner quadrangle, is a very handsome structure, 100 feet by 90, and was finished by Sir Leoline Jenkins, in 1676, who was a gentleman of great learning. He was first a Fellow and afterwards Principal of this College, and represented the University in Parliament: he died in 1685. The Chapel, which is on the right hand of the first quadrangle, was consecrated May 28, 1621. It consists of an antechapel, divided by a screen from the body, which another screen divides from the chancel. Its style of architec- ture is of the mixed Gothic, with a roof finished in rich compartments. A very fine copy of Guido's picture of St. Michael overcoming the Devil, presented by Viscount Bulkeley, deco- rates the altar. The principal monuments in this Chapel are those of Sir Eubule Thelwall, Dr. Mansell, Sir Leoline Jenkins, Bishop Lloyd, Dr. Jonathan Edwards, Dr. William Jones, and Dr. Hoare, Principals ; and Dr. Henry Maurice, Lady Margaret's Professor of Divinity. The Hall is a handsome, well-proportioned room, repaired and improved in 1 8 J 8. It con- tains the portraits of Queen Elizabeth ; Charles I. by Vandyck; Charles II.; Sir Eubule Thel- wall, when a child, with his Mother; Sir Leo- line Jenkins; Westphaling, Bishop of Here- ford; Thomas, Bishop of Worcester; Wynne, JESUS COLLEGE — LIBRARY. 101 Bishop of Bath and Wells, and Principal from 1712 to 1720; Dr. Pardo, Principal from 1727 to 1763; Mr. Edward Merrick, who died in 1713, and left his whole est£*_ to this Society, of which he was a member; and Mr. Nash ar- chitect to the King. The Library was erected in 1677. It con- tains many scarce and curious printed books and manuscripts; among the latter are those of Lord Herbert, of Cherbury; also a fine one of the Llyfr Coch, or Red Book, written about the end of the i 4-th century. This curious manu- script contains several very ancient Histories, Poems, Romances, &c; all in the Welch lan- guage. Among other curiosities of this College, are shewn— The Statutes of the Society, most beautifully written on vellum ; the text is a kind of Italian print; the heads of the statutes are in German text, and the beginning of each is most curiously illuminated ; the writer was the Rev. Mr. Parry, of Shipston-on-Stour, formerly a Fellow : a curious metal watch, presented by Charles L; one of Queen Elizabeth's enormous stirrups; and a silver gilt bowl, that contains ten gallons, and weighs 278 ounces, the gift of Sir Watkin Williams Wynn, in 1732. The ladle, which accompanies this capacious bowl weighs 13| ounces, and will hold half a pint. In the Bursary, which is a very handsome room, is a good portrait of Queen Elizabeth. The principal instrument in the foundation of this College was Hugh ap Rice, or Price, a Doctor of Civil Law. He petitioned Queen Elizabeth that she would be graciously pleased to found a College in Oxford, on which he might bestow his estate for the maintenance of certain scholars of Wales. The Queen granted her charter in 1571, and gave a religious house, called Whitehall, for the site, and timber from her Majesty's forests of Shotover and Stowe. After- wards it was increased by different benefactors, among whom I 3 102 LINCOLN COLLEGE. — CBAPBL. was Charles I. The foundation consists at present of a Principal, 19 Fellows, 18 Scholars, and several Exhibitioners The number of members on the books is about 160. Visitor — The Earl of Pembroke. On leaving Jesus College, we go to the other side of the street, proceed towards the High- street, passing by Brasennose-lane, which is on the left, and Jesus College-lane, leading to the New Market, on the right, and enter LINCOLN COLLEGE. %* Porter's Lodge — right hand of entrance gateway. The structure of this College preserves a large portion of its original character. It is situated between All Saints' Church and Exeter College, and consists of two quadrangles. The first, the entrance to which is beneath a tower, forms a square of 80 feet : it contains the Rec- tor's Lodgings on the south ; the Library and Common Room on the north; the Hall on the east ; and, on the west, lodgings for the members. The Rector's Lodgings were built at the ex- pense of Beckynton, Bishop of Bath and Wells ; and his rebus, a beacon over a ton, yet appears on the walls. The smaller Court forms a square of 70 feet. Since the erection of these quad- rangles, six sets of rooms have been built at the expense of the College. The Chapel, situated on the south of the inner court, erected at the expense of Dr. John Williams, Bishop of Lincoln, and afterwards Archbishop of York, was consecrated in 1631. It is a well-proportioned and elegant Gothic edifice, of 62 feet in length, and 26 in breadth, fitted up with a richly-ornamented cedar roof, and wainscot; the screen, the pulpit, and eight fine carved figures, are also of cedar, and very LINCOLN COLLEGE. HALL. 10$ much admired. The windows, which are of painted glass, and very remarkable for their antiquity and the brilliancy of their colours, were procured from Italy, by Archbishop Wil- liams, in 1629. There are four on each side, and a large one over the altar. In those on the north-side are represented twelve of the Prophets, and in those on the south-side are the twelve Apostles. The figures of Obadiah ? Jonah, and Elisha, in the fourth window, on the north-side, are particularly striking. In the large east window is a display of the follow- ing subjects from the New Testament, with the types of them in the Old, in six compartments: The Creation of Man, and the Nativity of Christ — The passing of the Israelites through the Red Sea, and the Baptism of the Infant Redeemer— The Jewish Passover, and the In- stitution of the Lord's Supper — The Brazen Serpent in the Wilderness, and Christ on the Cross — Jonah delivered from the Whale's belly? and our Saviour's Resurrection — Elijah in the fiery Chariot, and Christ's Ascension. The emblazoned arms of the Founders and Bene- factors add to the brilliance of these splendid windows. The Hall, which is on the east-side of the larger quadrangle, is a handsome structure, 42 feet long by 25 in breadth, and of a proportion- able height. It was built in 1436, and repaired and refitted with a new wainscot in 1701. It contains portraits of the two Founders; Sir Nathaniel Lloyd; Lord Keeper Williams ; Lord Crewe, in his episcopal dress, as Bishop of Durham, and also in his robes as a Baron ; Dr. Isham, Rector of this College, and father of Dr. Isham, a Warden of All Souls' ; Dr. Marshall, Rector, and Dean of Gloucester; Dr. Hickes ; Dr. Hutchins, Rector, and a great 104 LINCOLN COLLEGE. — LIBRARY, &C. benefactor; Paul Hood, Rector; Judge Dolben, lately presented to the Society, by Sir John English Dolben, Bart; a portrait unknown ; and a fine portrait of Dr. Tatham, the Rector. In this room there are also several handsome busts. The Library, which is on the north-side of the large quadrangle, was refitted in 1739, at the expense of Sir Nathaniel Lloyd. It con- tains many scarce and valuable books and ma- nuscripts, and portraits of the two Founders, and of Lord Crewe, Bishop of Durham, Rec- tor of this Society, and one of its greatest bene- factors. The Common Room, a very elegant apart- ment, was newly fitted up in 1816. A few years since, several houses adjoining this Col- lege were taken down, and a handsome garden, for the use of the members, is now made on their site. In 1818, the whole front was re- paired and much improved in its appearance, by the addition of battlements, and the intro- duction of appropriate Gothic windows. The laving open of the south-side of this College, and the formation of the very neat garden, on the site of the old houses, must be reckoned among the greatest of our modern improve- ments, and is to be attributed to the well-known architectural taste and talents of the Rector, Dr. Tatham, assisted by the liberality of the Fellows. This College was founded by Richard Fleming, Bishop of Lincoln, in 1427, for a Rector and seven Fellows ; and since greatly augmented by Rotherham, Bishop of Lincoln, and afterwards Archbishop of York, and Lord High Chancellor of England, who has been allowed to share the honours of foundership. The Scholarships and E:\hibiiions have been given by different benefactors, and were much augmented by the will of Dr. Hutchins, Rector from 1755 to 1781. The ALL SAINTS' CHURCH. 105 present foundation consists of a Rector, twelve Fellows, eight Scholars, twelve Exhibitioners, and one Bible Clerk, — One of the Fellowships is in the gift of the Bishop of Lin- coln. The number of members on the books is about 130. Visitor — The Bishop of Lincoln. Near to Lincoln College is ALL SAINTS' CHURCH. The front of this Church is in the High- street. The architect was Dr. Henry Aldrich y Dean of Christ Church. It was begun in 1699, and finished in 1708, by a general subscription, and a brief obtained in 1705. The exterior is ornamented with double pilasters, of the Corin- thian order, and the steeple is erected in a style which adds considerably 10 the beauty of the High-street. The interior is similar to many of the London churches; it is 72 feet long, 42 feet wide, and 50 high ; and has a gallery at the west end, lately erected, corresponding with the general style of the Church. An excellent organ, by Bishop, has recently been placed in this gallery. The seats are regular, and made of the best oak, and the altar is richly executed, supported by two pilasters, and adorned on each side with golden cherubim. The pulpit and reading-desk are much admired for their neatness and delicacy of workmanship. This is the collegiate church of Lincoln College, and is a curacy in the gift of the College, held by one of the Fellows. In the chancel, seats are re- served for the Rector and Fellows. Near this Church, in the High-street, on the right, is the entrance to the Market for meat, vegetables, fruit, &c. which is allowed to be as convenient and airy as any in the kingdom. Close to the front of this Market is the Mitrh Inn, whence go well-regulated coaches to all 106 TRINITY COLLEGE, parts of the kingdom. Chaises are also kept at this Inn. The banking-houses of Thomas Walker, Esq. and Co. and of Messrs. Cox, Morrell, and Co. are at a short distance from the front of the Market. In order that we may regularly pursue our walk, we must conduct our strangers either through the Market, at the further end of which we turn to the right, and come to Jesus College, or bring them again by Lincoln, Exeter, and Jesus Colleges, to the entrance of the Turle, from Broad-street, opposite to which entrance stands WT TRINITY COLLEGE.^ *#* Porter's Lodge is on the left of the entrance to the first court. This College is separated from the street by an iron palisade, with folding gates, adorned on the outside with the arms of the Founder, which are also those of the College, and on the inside with those of the Earl of Guilford, who contri- buted largely to these improvements. The avenue is spacious and handsome. In front of the College are the Chapel and the gateway, over which is an elegant square tower, embel- lished with pilasters, and a handsome balustrade on the top. On this tower are large figures, carved in stone, representing diagonally two faculties and two sciences — Divinity and Physic, Geometry and Astronomy. In the first Court are the Chapel, Hal!, Library, and Lodgings of the President. The second court is a fine piece of architecture, and was finished in 1682, from a design of Sir Christopher Wren : the opening to the garden is beautiful. To the west of this court, leading to the old Dolphin yard, are other buildings, inhabited by members of the TRINITY COLLEGE. — CHAPEL. 107 Society, whence a gate opens nearly opposite Beaumont-street. The Chapel was built principally at the ex- pense of Dr. Bathurst. It has been generally stated, from conjecture only, that Dean Aldrich gave the plan for this Chapel ; but from the letters which passed between Dr. Bathurst and Sir Christopher Wren, on the subject, and from an original plan among the papers of the latter in the Library of All Souls' College, the ulti- mate design at least may be safely ascribed to the taste and science of Sir Christopher. The proportions are correct, and the elevation, as now seen from the street, is perfectly light and elegant. The most eminent artificers were pro- cured to decorate this edifice in the highest per- fection ; which Mr. Warton observes, " amidst a multiplicity of the most exquisite embellish- ments, maintains that simple elegance, which is agreeable to the character of the place, and consistent with just notions of true taste." The screen and altar-piece are of cedar, and en- riched with the carving of Grinlin Gibbons. ^ The representation of the Ascension, on the ceiling, was painted by Berchet, a French artist. The building was finished in three years, and consecrated by Hough, then Bishop of Oxford, April 11, 1694. The Society, at a con- siderable expense, cleaned, restored, and re- paired it in 1828. The monument of Sir Thomas Pope and his Lady, with their effigies, at full length, in alabaster, is placed against the north wall, at the upper end. He is repre- sented in complete armour, at his feet a griffin, and at his head a helmet, with his crest. Some part of the elegant workmanship of this monu- ment is concealed by an alcove, corresponding to one on the opposite side; but the panels in front of it were, a short time since, opened, for 108 TRINITY COLLEGE. — HALL. the purpose of obtaining a correct drawing for Mr. Skelton's " Oxonia Antiqua Restaurata ;" where a beautiful engraving of it may be seen. Sir Thomas Pope was interred in great state in the north aisle of the old parish church of St;. Stephen's, Walbrook, where his second wife, Margaret, had been before buried, and his daughter Alice; but in 1567, eight years after his death, his remains, with those of Dame Margaret, his second wife, were removed to the Chapel of his College ; where also the Lady Elizabeth Powlet, his widow, who had been his third wife, and had survived her third husband, was buried in great pomp in November, 1593; the body having lain in state in St. Mary's Church the whole of the preceding day. In the ante-chapel are inscriptions on lozenges to the memory of Dr. Bathurst, Mr. How, Dr. Sykes, Mr. Almont, Dr. Dobson, Dr. Huddes- ford, Mr. Warton the Poet Laureat, and the late respected president, Dr. Lee. In this Col- lege is preserved a very ancient and curious silver gilt chalice, weighing twenty ounces, exquisitely engraved, which belonged to the Abbey of St. Alban. This, and a paten of gold, corresponding with it, are the only pieces of plate given to this College by the Founder, which now remain; for most of the plate in the University was presented to King Charles I. at the time of the Rebellion, and coined into money at New Inn Hall, which was then used as a Royal Mint. A letter is preserved by this Society, which contains the King's acknowledg- ment of the receipt of their plate, with a consi- derable sum of money also lent or given, at the same time. The original Hall was pulled down in 1618, and the present Refectory built on its site, on a larger scale, at the expense of the College. The TRINITY COLLEGE. — LIBRARY. 109 later improvements were in 177^, and consist of a new ceiling, wainscot, and marble chimney- piece. At the upper end is a portrait of the Founder. There are four others of him in the College ; all supposed to have been copied from one by Holbein, now in the possession of the Marquis of Bute, the College- Lessee, at Wrox- ton Abbey. On the right of this picture is a portrait of Dr. Bathurst, by Sonman, and on the left is one of Dr. Kettell, formerly Presi- dents : there are also portraits of Lord North, afterwards Earl of Guilford ; Archbishop Shel- don ; Lady Elizabeth Powlet, the third and last wife of the Founder; Sir William Pope, the first Earl of Downe, the nephew of the Founder; the celebrated Earl of Chatham; Mr. Thomas Warton, who was Professor of Poetry and Poet Laureate, and one of the most distinguished or- naments of this College, by Mr. Penrose, of New College; Mr. Rands, a benefactor to the Library; Dr. Carne, formerly a Fellow of this College ; and the Rev. William Derham, the author of Astro and Physico-Theology, and many other works, and father of Dr. Derham, President of St. John's, who died in 1757. Over the entrance door and opposite the Presi- dent's Lodgings is a half-length statue of the Founder, the gift of the Rev. Edward Bathurst, brother of Dr. Bathurst, who died, Rector of Cheping Warden, in 1668. This piece of sculpture marks the taste of the age. It w r as placed here in the year 1665. The Library, which has lately been repaired and very much improved, is the most ancient part of the College, being the same which be- longed to Durham College, with such subse- quent alterations as the decay of time had ren- dered necessary. In 1765 the windows were K 110 TRINITY COLLEGE. — GARDENS. repaired on the west side, as they now appear. They contain many curious remains of old painted glass, many of which were taken from the old Chapel. Less alteration has taken place on the opposite side, where there are some cu- rious remains of stained glass, in good preser- vation; probably taken from the old Chapel, which was consecrated in 1330. This is also about the date of the original structure of the Library, founded by Richard de Bury, Bishop of Durham, who died in 1345. In the centre of the window, at the upper end, is a neat tablet by Flaxman, to the memory of Mr. War- ton, the gift of his sister Jane. Over the en- trance is a portrait of the Founder; there are also busts of Bennet Langton, Esq. a member of this College, the friend of Dr. Johnson, and of the late amiable and respected President, Dr. Lee. The Common Room contains an admirable head of Mr. Warton, by Rising. Over the chimney-piece is a portrait of the Founder, re- cently discovered in the Library. The Gardens are extensive, and divided into two portions ; the first is open, and terminated by a handsome wrought iron gate, surmounted by the Founder's arms. The ancient yew hedges, in the formal Dutch style, planted about the same time as the gardens of Hampton Court were laid down, are now fast falling into decay. The southern division is more picturesque, planted with trees and shrubs, and embellished in the modern style. Here we cannot refrain from paying to the Members of the University generally a tribute of gratitude which they amply merit, for their kindness in permitting all persons to participate in the enjoyment of their delightful walks and gardens. BALMOL COLLEGE. — CHAPEL. Ill This College was founded in 1554, by Sir Thomas Pope, Knt. of Tittenhanger, in Hertfordshire. The present founda- tion consists of a President, twelve Fellows, and twelve Scholars. The number of members on the books is about •250. Visitor — The Bishop of Winchester, Adjoining Trinity College, and to the right on our return from viewing it, is BALLIOL COLLEGE. *** Porter's Lodge, under entrance gateway to the left. The quadrangle, which we enter by a fine Gothic gate, on which are the arms of the Bal- liol family, is 120 feet in length, and 80 in breadth. On passing through this quadrangle to the left, we perceive a modern building, the front of w T hich is in Broad-street, erected at the expense of Mr. Fisher, formerly a Fellow of this College. On the north side of this building is the following inscription : — Verbum non amplius — Fisher. In the grove to the north-west, there are other buildings, which also contain apartments for the students. The Master's Lodgings are fronting the street. In these Lodgings, which have lately been repaired and enlarged, are some very handsome rooms, particularly a spacious hall, having a well-preserved and much-admired ancient bay window to the east. The Chapel was completed in 1529. The cast window, which represents, in brilliant co- lours, the Passion, Resurrection, and Ascension, was the gift of Dr. Stubbs. On a window, on the north side, are represented Philip and the Eunuch, executed by Van Linge, in the year 1637, and given by Sir Richard Atkyns, of the county of Gloucester. A window, on the south k 2 112 BALLIOL COLLEGE. — HALL. side, contains the story of Hezekiah's Sickness and Recovery, painted by the same artist, and presented by Dr. Wentworth, Fellow of the College. In the other windows are portraits of saints, various scriptural subjects, and armorial bearings. In the inner Chapel is a brass eagle, used as a reading desk. This Chapel contains marble monuments to the memory of John Evet and Thomas Gwiilym, Esqrs. and John Par- sons, D.D. Bishop of Peterborough, and Master of the College, who died in 181-9. In the ante- chapel is a very neat marble monument to the memory of the Rev. George Powell, M.A. for many years the senior Fellow of this Society. The Library was finished in 1477, and re- fitted some years since, in a very neat and con- venient manner, after designs by Mr. Wyatt. It contains a valuable collection of manuscripts, some of them beautifully illuminated; many early printed and rare English Bibles ; a good collection of books on general literature, and several very curious tracts, arranged and bound up in volumes. The windows contain the arms, &c. of the benefactors, which are fully described by Wood, in his History of Oxford. The Hall is on the west side of the quad- rangle. Its interior is in the modern style. In it are portraits of Henry, second Earl of Bath- urst, Lord High-Chancellor of Great Britain; Dr. Parsons, Bishop of Peterborough, the late Master; Dr. Barrington, Bishop of Durham, the late Visitor; Dr. Prosser, Archdeacon of Durham, formerly Fellow ; Dr. Dolben, Arch- bishop of York, a Visitor; Dr. Douglas, Bishop of Salisbury ; Dr. Matthew Baillie, of London, formerly a Member; and Wicklyf, the Re- former, Master of this College from 1361 to 1366. Under the Library is the Senior Com- mon Room. To this College has lately been BALLIOL COLLEGE. 113 added a handsome building, which contains twelve sets of rooms. Part of the ancient City Wall was opposite this College, remains of which, in good preser- vation, are still visible from the garden of Mr. Dudley, in Broad-street Between this wall and the College ran so clear a stream, that it gave the name of Canditch (candida fossa) to the street leading by it, and by that name the spot was known in the time of Anthony Wood. The celebrated martyrs, Cranmer, Ridley, and Lati- mer, were confined in Bocardo Prison, where North Gate stood , which gate was the strongest in the City. Bocardo was near the church of St. Michael, at the end of the Corn Market, and the prison is still remembered by some aged inhabitants of Oxford. The prisoners remained there together but a short time, for Ridley was taken to the house of Alderman Irysh, and La- timer to that of one of the Bailiffs of the City; Cranmer remained in Bocardo. On the 16th of October, 1555, Ridley and Latimer were brought to the place called Canditch, and were there burnt. They suffered death with courage for the religion they professed, in the presence of the chief magistrates of the University and City, and a multitude of other spectators. — Cranmer, being in Bocardo, ascended to the top thereof to see the spectacle, and kneeling down prayed to God to strengthen them. On the 21st of March following, Cranmer was brought to the same place and there also burnt. Some years ago the stone on which the fire was made used to be shewn to strangers ; but at this time only one interesting memorial of these dis- tinguished martyrs remains, preserved by the late Mr. Alderman Fletcher. When Bocardo was pulled down, in 1771, this gentleman caused the door of the cell in which the martyrs had k 3 114 st. John's college. been confined to be removed and fixed up in the City Gaol, with a suitable inscription. This College was founded by John Balliol, father of John Balliol, King of Scotland, and Devorguilla, his -wife, be- tween the years 1263 and 1268. Its revenues were amply augmented by the munificence of succeeding benefactors; particularly by that of Sir William Felton, and Sir Philip Somervyle. The foundation at present consists of a Master, 12 Fellows, and 14 Scholars. This College has also a consi- derable number of Exhibitions. Ten of the Exhibitions, namely, those on the Foundation of Mr. Snell, must be held by natives of Scotland, who are elected by the University of Glasgow. There are also four Exhibitions, for natives of Scotland, founded by Warner, Bishop of Rochester. The Master and Fellows possess a peculiar privilege, enjoyed by no other College or Hall in either of the two Universities, that of electing their own Visitor. The members on the books are about 270. Visitor — The Archbishop of Canterbury. On returning into Broad-street from Balliol College, strangers are recommended to pay at- tention to the splendid view before them of the Museum, Theatre, Clarendon Printing Office, &c. Proceeding westward to the end of the street, and then turning to the right, we pass the back buildings of Balliol College, and pursuing our walk northerly, we come to Ifg- ST. JOHNS COLLEGE. %* Porter's Lodge is in the gateway on the right. In the front of this College is a terrace, with elms before it. Over the gate by which we enter the first quadrangle are the arms of the Founder; and in a niche on the upper part of the tower, is the statue of St. Bernard. The first quadrangle consists of the Hall, Chapel, President's Lodgings, and apartments for the ST. John's college. 115 Fellows, and other Members of the Society. At the east end, opposite the gateway, is the en- trance to the second quadrangle, which was began in 1631, and completed in 1635, from a design of Inigo Jones, entirely at the expense of Archbishop Laud, with the exception of the Library on the south side. The east and west sides of this quadrangle are built on an arcade, or cloister, supported by eight pillars, over which are bustos, representing the Christian and Cardinal Virtues. On the east side are the Arts and Sciences : the cornice above them is also emblematically expressive of the Virtues re- presented by each bust. The central gateway of each cloister is of the Doric order, surmounted by Ionic columns, and a semicircular pediment. Over the gateways, which are richly embellished, are the statues of Charles 1. and his Queen, Henrietta Maria, in brass. They were cast by Francis FanelH, a Florentine artist, and pre- sented to the College by Archbishop Laud. — From this quadrangle is the passage to the Gar- dens, which, when the weather permits, should be seen by every stranger who makes the tour of the University. They are extensive, and were originally disposed in that formal recti- linear taste, which Kent, Brown, and Repton, have successively combined to destroy. They now display all the diversity of which the spot is capable, and form a scene that blends Arca- dian grace with Academic solitude. Besides the two quadrangles, there are other buildings to the north-east, consisting of the new and handsome Common Room, apartments for the members, &c. The kitchen and the chambers over it, at the west end of the Hall, were built by Thomas Clark, the senior cook, in 1613, the College allowing him to enjoy the rent of the chambers for twenty years. 116 ST. John's college. — chapel. The Chapel, which is on the north side of the principal quadrangle, originally belonged to the Monastery of St. Bernard, and was con- secrated in 1530. It was afterwards repaired and beautified by the Founder, and underwent considerable improvements and alterations, which were not completed until the year 1678. The east window was put up in the reign of James I. and is said to have cost 1500/c The screen is of the Corinthian order, over which an organ was erected in 1769, by Byfield. The altar is also Corinthian, and decorated by a piece of tapestry, after a picture of Titian, re- presenting our Saviour with his two Disciples at Emmaus, attended by a servant. The figures are said to be the portraits of the Pope, the Kings of France and Spain, and Titian. The curious observer will not overlook the dog snarling at the cat under the table. On the north wall is an urn of black marble, containing the heart of that distinguished benefactor to this College and the University, Dr. Richard Rawlinson. His body is interred in the church of St. Giles, Oxford; but he ordered his heart to be deposited in the Chapel of this College. — Beneath is this inscription : — Ubi Thesaurus ibi Cor. Ric. Rawlinson, LL.D. R. et A. SS.S. Olim hujus Collegti superioris Ordinis Commensalis, Obiit 6 Apr. m. dcclv. JEt. lxv. At the upper end of the Chapel, under the altar, are four small vaults, containing the bones of Sir Thos. White, the Founder; Archbishops Laud and Juxon, and Dr. Richard Bailie. Choir Service is daily performed in this Chapel at a, quarter past six in the evening. In the small inner Chapel, called Bailie'9 st. John's college. — library. 117 Chapel, is a fine monument of Dr. Bailie, for- merly President of this College. It also con- tains monuments of Dr. and Mrs. Holmes, and several others. The Hall, which is also on the north side of the first quadrangle, is that which belonged to the Monastery of St. Bernard ; it was repaired by the Founder, and has since received consi- derable improvements. It is now a spacious room, of handsome proportions, with an arched roof, and a screen of Portland stone. It is de- corated with portraits of the Founder; Arch- bishops Laud and Juxon ; Bishop Buckeridge ; Dr. Rawlinson ; two of Sir William Paddy, one a whole length ; Bishop Mew, or Meaux ; Hudson, who gave his name to the settlement called Hudson's Bay; Dr. Holmes and his wife; Sir John Nicholl, D.C.L. F.R.S. &c. formerly a Fellow of this College, by Owen ; Dr. Scott, an antiquary, and member of this Society ; Sir James Eyre ; Dr. Woodroffe ; Edward Waple, B.D.; Dr. Gibbons; Dr. Harvey, the celebrated physician, who discovered the circulation of the blood ; a whole-length portrait of George III. painted by Ramsay ; and a very curious figure of St. John, stained in scagliola^ by Lambert Gorius, presented to the Society by Dr. Dun- can, in 1 759. The Library is on the south side of the second quadrangle, and consists of two large handsome rooms. Over the entrance to the first room is a bust of Charles I. At the upper end is a portrait of Archbishop Laud, by Van- dyck. The large window, at the upper end, contains the arms of the Merchant Tailors' Company, and several of the Benefactors to the College ; also a portrait of the Founder. The window near this, on the right hand, is orna- mented with the arms of the Archbishop of 118 st. John's college. — library. Canterbury, beautifully executed. In the inner Library is a bronze bust of Archbishop Laud; Guercino's fine picture of St. John the Baptist ; some very curious paintings of Christ, the Virgin Mary, and the twelve Apostles, on copper, sup- posed to be by Carlo Dolce; beautiful miniature portraits of Charles I. and his Queen, and a picture of King Charles I. with the whole Book of Psalms written in the lines of the face and on the hairs of the head, which may be read with the assistance of a good magnifying glass. This curious specimen of ingenuity and patience has suffered from the damp; and to preserve it from destruction, it is taken from the Library in the winter and rainy months, and placed in the President's Lodgings. This room also contains portraits of George III. and his Queen, by Ram- say, presented to the Society by Mrs. MarloW, widow of the late President ; and several fine casts from the antique, the gift of the same lady; a portrait of Thomas Frognall Dibdin, D.D.; the Walking-stick of Archbishop Laud, pre- sented by the Rev. William Awbery Phelp, Vicar of Stanwell, Middlesex; and a carved Eagle, admirably executed by Mr. Snetzler of Oxford, which formerly stood in the Chapel. In the year 1636, Charles I. his Queen, the Elector Palatine, Prince Rupert, and, in the words of Wood, "all the gallantry and beauties of the kingdom," were entertained by Abp. Laud in this Library : after dinner, a play called " The Hospitall of Lovers," by Mr. Wild, a Fellow of this College, was performed before their Ma- jesties and the Court; and at this time, says Wood, Ci the College was so well furnisht, as that they did not borrow any one actor from any College in the University." A short time since, an ancient crozier was found in a garret of the President's Lodgings. It is six feet one ST. JOHN S COLLEGE. 119 inch high, and of elegant form and workman- ship, after the manner of arabesque. It is made of a hard, shining, dark wood, beaded and info- liated with silver, and has been put in perfect order by the College, and placed in the Library. The manuscripts and printed books in these rooms are curious and valuable. They contain also some ancient missals, and a collection of coins. In the new and elegant apartment, attached to the Common Room of this Society, is a fine portrait, by Phillips, of the late President, Dr. Marlow. This College was founded in 1557, by Sir Thomas White, Knight, Alderman and Merchant Tailor of London, and built on the site of St. Bernard's Monastery. It now consists of a President, fifty Fellows and Scholars, one Chaplain, an Or- ganist, five Singing Men, six Choristers, and two Sextons. The Fellows, with the exception of six of the Founder's kin, two from Bristol, two from Coventry, two from Reading, and one from Tunbridge Schools, are elected from Merchant Tai- lors' School in London. The number of members on the books is upwards of 220. Visitor — The Bishop of Winchester. Those strangers whose time will permit them to view every thing in Oxford that merits their attention, will, after leaving St. John's, proceed northerly through the very fine spacious street, called St. Giles's, at the end of which stands the Church, a Vicarage in the gift of St. John's College. This Church is a solid and spacious edifice, though not sufficiently large for the po- pulation of the parish, which is continually in- creasing by the erection of houses. A chapel of ease has lately been built at Summer Town, which is in this parish. There is also a dissent- ing chapel in that village. The Church of St. Giles is a very ancient structure, as may be in- ferred from its numerous lancet-shaped win- 120 RADCLIFFE INFIRMARY. clows. It is well proportioned, being 100 feet long by 50 in breadth. The tower contains four bells. To the right is the road to Banbury and Bicester ; on the left is the road to Woodstock and Blenheim, by which we proceed a short dis- tance, and come to the RADCLIFFE INFIRMARY; A very elegant and commodious stone build- ing, erected after a design by Mr. Leadbeater. It was built and completely furnished by the trustees of Dr. Radcliffe. The ground on which it stands, containing five acres, was the donation of Thomas Rowney, Esq. Member of Parlia- ment for the City of Oxford, The foundation was laid in 1759, and it was opened for the re- ception of patients in 1770. This excellent in- stitution is supported by annual subscriptions and donations. At a very short distance beyond the Infirmary is the ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY. The interior of this useful and elegant build- inn- is not shewn to strangers, unless they have an introduction to the Observer, who resides in the house adjoining. The Astronomical Obser- vatory was erected out of the funds bequeathed bv Dr. Radcliffe. It comprises a dwelling-house for the Observer, who is appointed by the Rad- cliffe trustees, and apartments for observation and for lectures, and is abundantly supplied with valuable astronomical instruments. The late Duke of Marlborough gave up his interest in the ten acres of ground within the Observa- tory walls, for the express purpose of the build- ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY. 121 ing, the first stone of which was laid in 1772. — The original design was made by Mr. Henry Keene. It was afterwards materially altered, and completed by Mr. Wyatt, in 1786. It may boast of a situation in every respect appropriate to the intentions with which it was erected. — The centre is light and elegant, and the wings are well adapted for astronomical observations. The tower offers a general representation of the Temple of the Winds at Athens, and is an ap- plication of that beautiful example of ancient architecture, which even Stuart, who made it known to his country, might have envied. The length of the Observatory is 175 feet by 57 in the widest part, and at each wing 24. The ut- most height of the building, Hercules and Atlas supporting the Globe, is 110 feet. The upper room, for occasional observations, possesses a happy combination of grandeur and beauty. Those who have not time to extend their walk to the Infirmary and Observatory, should, in order to complete their view of the Colleges, return towards the Church of St. Mary Mag- dalen, near which, and opposite the house of Baker Morrell, Esq. is Beaumont Street, partly formed from a meadow called " Beau- mont's," so termed from Henry the First's Pa- lace of that name, finished in 1 1 30, with which the King was much pleased, and often resided therein. Edward II. gave this palace to the Carmelite, or White Friars, in which they con- tinued until their dissolution in the time of Henry VIII. Many years after it became a monastery, it was the occasional residence of the Sovereigns of England. At a short dis- tance from this new street, in the square called Gloucester Green, stands the City Gaol, erected in 1789. Those who have visited the Observatory, will L 122 NEW UNIVERSITY PRINTING OFFICE. return, leave St. Giles's Church on the left, and, to vary the walk, will pass down a lane on the right, at the end of which is the HOUSE OF INDUSTRY, A stone building, 237 feet in front length- It was founded in 1772, as a receptacle for the poor of eleven of the parishes of Oxford. It is under the management of Guardians, chosen from each parish, who elect from their own body a Governor and two Deputy Governors. The Poor Rates are moderate ; the money raised annually for the support of this house, and for the poor relieved at their own dwell- ings, not exceeding ten shillings in the pound on the nominal rentals. Proceeding about one hundred yards to the right, we arrive at the NEW UNIVERSITY PRINTING OFFICE. This fine building, which is of the Corinthian order, was begun in 1826, and business was commenced in it as early as the autumn of the following year. The architect was Mr. D. Ro- bertson ; the builder, Mr. C. Smith, of Pater- noster-row, London. The front, which faces the east, is 252 feet long, and 39 feet in depth. The elevation, facing the south, is 288 feet long, and 33 feet wide. In this part of the building, on the ground floor, is a Press Room, the larg- est in the kingdom, it being 200 feet long, and 28 wide. Above this large room are two stories, divided into apartments for compositors, drying and gathering rooms, &c. The north wing is similar to the south, and is appropriated to the printing of classical and other learned works. The front and the south wing are used solely WORCESTER COLLEGE. 125 for the printing of Bibles and Common Prayers. Jn the quadrangle, facing the entrance, is a handsome building, in which the overseers of this establishment reside. The whole is enclosed by a very handsome boundary wall, built of Headington stone. The walls of the building are cased with Bath stone. Our strangers who have viewed this splendid Printing Office, will return towards the House of Industry, and keep onwards in a straight direction, which will bring them to WORCESTER COLLEGE. %* The Porter's Lodge is under the gateway on the right. This College is placed in a pleasant situation, not far from the river Isis, at the western ex- tremity of the University, On entering the College, we cannot fail being struck with the contrast between the old buildings on the left, and the elegant new apartments opposite, at the west end of which are the Lodgings of the Provost. The new buildings were finished in 1759. — The northern side contains apartments for the members. At the eastern end are the Chapel, Hall, and Library, The Chapel is an elegant edifice, 60 feet in length by 30 in breadth ; the roof is richly ornamented with stucco. Over the altar is a fine old painting of " A Magda- len," the painter unknown. It was left to the College by Dr. Nash, who gave several other fine pictures to this Society. The Hall is also a very handsome room, of the same dimensions as the Chapel, and is ornamented with fluted Corinthian columns at the west end. At the upper end is a fine painting of a Dutch Fish Market, the fish by Snyders; over the fire- place is a whole-length portrait of Sir Thomas L 2 124 WORCESTER COLLEGE. — LIBRARY. Cookes, the Founder, by Sir Godfrey Kneller f and in other parts of the Hall are portraits of Dr. Clarke ; Dr. Eaton, and his daughter Mrs. Sarah Eaton ; Lady Holford ; Dr. Blechyn- den, the first Provost ; and of Dr. Landon, Pro- vost, and Dean of Exeter. The Library, which is erected on a cloister, is a very noble room, 120 feet in length, with an extensive gallery. Dr. Clarke, who bequeathed 1000/. towards the building, added his large and very curious collection of books, among which are Inigo Jones's Palladio, with his own manu- script notes in Italian ; several of his invaluable architectural drawings, and a copy of " Carle- ton's Remembrance of God's Mercy," printed in 1627? consisting of Anecdotes of Queen Eli- zabeth's preservation from the attacks of her enemies. It is superbly bound in purple velvet, and covered with pearls. At the entrance to this room is a fine whole-length portrait of Sir Thomas Cookes, represented with a plan of the College in his hand, and viewing, with admira- tion, a bust of Alfred. It was painted by Pine, of Bath, and given to the College by Dr. Wan- ley. This fine room has lately been painted, and much improved in its appearance. In the Bursary are two paintings, (given by Di\ Nash,) the Interior of a Flemish Cottage, and a Roman Fountain : they are well executed, but the artist is unknown. In the Common Room is a portrait of Dr. Clarke ; and another, by Leeming, of Anthony Cooper, upwards of sixty years a servant of the College ; a painting of the Assumption of the Virgin, and a view of part of the College, by Mr. Hinckes, a Gentleman Commoner of this Society. In the front of this College, to the south, several apartments have been recently erected, in consequence of the great increase in the number of its members. ST. MARY MAGDALEN CHURCH. 125 From the retired and pleasant situation of this College, it may naturally be supposed that it possesses extensive gardens. The Provost has a large one ; that which belongs to the Society extends over three acres of ground, and has re- cently been laid out with great taste. It is em- bellished with a large sheet of artificial water, well stored with fish. There is another gar- den in front of the Common Room of this Society. This College was originally Gloucester Hall, and founded as such in the year 1283. In 1714, it was founded as a Col- lege by Sir Thomas Cookes, of Bentley, in Worcestershire ; since which it has received considerable endowments from Dr. Finney, Dr. Clarke, Mrs. Sarah Eaton, and others. The foundation consists of a Provost, 21 Fellows, 16 Scholars, and 3 Exhibitioners. The number of members is about 225, Visitors — The Bishops of Oxford and Worcester, and the Vice-Chancellor of the University. Not far from Worcester College is the Canal Wharf. This Canal commences at Oxford* proceeds to Banbury, Coventry, &c. and forms a junction with the grand trunk, which enables the inhabitants to send goods to> and receive them from London, with expedition and safety* Near the Canal Wharf is the County Gaol, which was rebuilt about thirty years since. The original tower belonging to the ancient Castle, and the hill thrown up near it, which contains a vaulted magazine formed for the use of the garrison, still remain. From Worcester College we proceed through Beaumont Street, (directly opposite,) which leads to ST. MARY MAGDALEN CHURCH, A Vicarage, under the patronage of Christ Church, and held by a Student of that Society* l 3 126 st. Michael's church. It is a neat stone edifice, about 88 feet in length and of a proportionate width. In both the northern and southern sides are attached chan- try chapels ; the former supposed to have been built by the Lady Devorguilla, Foundress of Balliol College, and the latter to have been ori- ginally founded about the year 1194, by Hugh, Bishop of Lincoln, but refitted by Edward III. Three uniform pointed windows, belonging to the latter Chapel, are great ornaments to the southern front of the Church. A parapet of open trefoil work adds to the beauty of this part of the building. The tower contains five bells. The interior of this old church has lately been entirely refitted, and many seats added for the accommodation of the numerous parishioners. A new gallery has also been erected, ill which is a fine-toned organ. This Church was built by the permission of St. Frideswide, and soon after the Norman Con- quest came into the hands of Robert Doiley, who, upon the erection of his College of St. George, gave it to the Secular Canons thereof, in whose possession it continued fifty-five years, after which it was translated to Osney, and at the Reformation was presented to Christ Church by Henry VIII. The Tower was built in the 22nd year of Henry VIII. Some years since the old houses which adjoined this Church were taken down, by which the appearance of this part of the City was very much improved. We pass this Church, walk a very short dis- tance southerly, and come to the Church dedi- cated to SAINT MICHAEL, A Curacy in the patronage of the Rector and Fellows of Lincoln College, and held by a Fel- NEW INN HALL. 127 low of that Society. It is nearly of equal dimen- sions with that of St. Mary Magdalen. Its di- vision is into a nave, two aisles, and a chancel : the very ancient embattled tower contains six bells. The windows of this Church are large and pointed. Peshall says it belonged to the Canons of St. Frideswide long before the Nor- man Conquest. Here we enter the street called the Corn Market, nearly in the centre of which is that large and respectable Inn, the Star. In 1832, Mr. Stalling, the spirited proprietor of this Inn 5 erected a very large and splendid room for As- semblies, Concerts, Exhibitions, Public Dinners, &c. for many years a desideratum in Oxford. On the opposite side is the Roebuck Inn, a very commodious and handsome house. A little further on is the Cross Inn, for coaches and commercial travellers. Between the Three Goats and the Star, is the lane leading to NEW INN HALL, Which, during many years, had no other member than the Principal. It has now several members, for the accommodation of whom, one wing of the new buildings was finished in 1832, from the plans and under the direction of Mr. Greenshields, an ingenious architect of Oxford. For the rendering of this Hall fit for the recep- tion of Students, the public are indebted to Dr. Cramer, who was appointed Principal in 1831. This Hall, situated on the west side of the North Bailey, on the place called M The Seven Deadly Sins," was formerly known by the name of Trilleck's Inn, from the circumstance of its belonging to John Trilleck, Bishop of Here- ford. Trilleck dying intestate in 1360, it be- came, together with two other tenements ad- 128 CARFAX CHURCH. joining, the property of his brother Thomas, who six years after (he being then Bishop of Rochester) conveyed them to Mr. Hugh Pern- bridge, Mr. Roger Ottery, and Walter Brown, Rector of the Church of St. Magnus, in Lon- don ; and they to William of Wykeham, bishop of Winchester. William of Wykeham gave them, with three gardens, adjoining on the west side, also a messuage called Rose Hill, and a garden adjoining, to the Warden and Fellows of New College, in 1392. The first Principal on record occurs in 1438. In the time of the civil war, from 1642 to 1646, this Hall was used as a mint for Charles I. to which the different Colleges and Halls sent their plate to be melted down for His Majesty's use. At a very short distance from the Cross Inn, is the meeting of the four principal streets, com- monly called Carfax, where the new Church of SAINT MARTIN, or CARFAX, Has been recently erected. Its architects and builders were Messrs. Harris and Plowman, of Oxford. This Church was built by general subscription and parochial rates : the Univer- sity as a body, and most of the Colleges, contri- buted liberally* The Corporation of the City gave, as a first subscription, 600/.; nearly all its members subscribed individually. The late Sir Edward Hitching^, during whose Mayoralty the edifice was completed, gave (in addition to a previous donation) fifty guineas towards the reparation and improvement of the Organ, and another fifty was given by the Corporation for the same purpose. The funds, however, are not yet adequate to the proposed improvement of the tower, which still preserves ifes antique appearance. CARFAX CHURCH. 129 St. Martin's, or Carfax, is also the City Church, where the Mayor and Corporation at- tend divine service on Sundays, at eleven in the morning, and four in the afternoon. There are four Lecturers, chosen by the four Aldermen, the eight Assistants, and the Recorder, who are called the Thirteen, and the electors have, at all vacancies, an opportunity of selecting the best preachers in the University. St. Martin's is a rectory of very small value, in the gift of the King. The first stone of the new Church was laid October 23rd, 1820, and it was opened for divine service on Sunday, June 16th, 1822. The former Church was a very ancient struc- ture, and no record of the time of its erection now remains. It is conjectured, that at an early period it was much larger ; the tower, it is cer- tain, was once considerably higher; but by com- mand of Edward III. it was taken down as it now appears, because, " upon complaint of the scholars, the townsmen could, in time of combat with them, retire to the tower as to their castle, and thence gall and annoy them, with arrows and stones." The tower contains six bells. To continue our walk through the University, we must pursue our progress southerly, into the street sometimes called Fish-street, and St, Al- date's, but usually St. Toll's ; observing that on the left is the High-street, and on the right Queen-street, or the Butcher-row, as it is more generally named, on account of its having been formerly used as a market for meat. This street leads to the Canal Wharf, and to the County Gaol, and conducts us to the roads to Witney and Cheltenham, Wantage and Faring- don ; and to Wytham, the seat of the Earl of Abingdon, which is about two miles from Ox- ford. A few paces down St. Toll's bring us to 130 ST. aldate's church, THE TOWN HALL, Where the Assizes, and City and County Ses- sions are holden, and where all the County and other large meetings take place. It was built by Thomas Rowney, Esq. the City Representa- tive, in 1754, and has lately been considerably improved, at the joint expense of the County and City. Its dimensions are 135 feet by 31 4. In 1814, during the mayoralty of Sir Joseph Lock, this room was honoured with the pre- sence of George IV. then Prince Regent, the late Emperor of Russia, the King of Prussia, the late Duke of York, the Prince of Orange, the Prince of Mecklenburgh, Prince Metternich, Prince Blucher, and other royal and noble per- sonages, to whom was presented the honorary freedom of the City. Upwards of 700 persons were present at this splendid scene. Adjoining to the Town Hall, is the Council Chamber, in which are portraits of Queen Anne ; John, first Duke of Marlborough ; George, third Duke of Marlborough; Sir Thomas White; Dr. Wall; Alderman Nixon, and Joan his wife ; Zachary Bogan ; Alderman Wise ; Mr. Rowney ; and other benefactors to the City. Proceeding in our walk, we come to the mag- nificent front of Christ Church. Nearly oppo- site to the gate of this College we cross the street, and, in our way to Pembroke College, arrive at ST. ALDATE'S CHURCH, (A Rectory in the gift of Pembroke College,) which, though a large and irregular edifice, has a venerable and interesting appearance. It is composed of a nave, two aisles, and a chancel, and measures about 100 feet in length. At the PEMBROKE COLLEGE. 131 west end is a tower, surmounted by a neat oc- tagonal spire, and containing five bells. The church is spacious, and has recently been re- paired and refitted with pews by public sub- scription. It is of an antiquity beyond the reach of satisfactory investigation. Speed says it was founded or restored in the year 1004. Close to this Church is the entrance to PEMBROKE COLLEGE. * # * Porter's Lodge is on the right of the gateway. The quadrangle is small, but regularly built. In former editions the Hall or Refectory of this Society was slightly mentioned ; but the recent improvements render it particularly deserving of our notice. It has been considerably en- larged, the ceiling elevated, and a very elegant oriel window placed at the western end. In this and the two side windows, are the arms of various Founders and Benefactors, beautifully executed by Eggington. Among them are the Royal Arms, King James I. being styled the Founder, and King Charles I. having added a Fellowship and the Rectory of St. Aldate's to the original endowment. The arms of Lord Grenville, Chancellor of the University, and, as such, the Visitor of this College, occupy one compartment. In the cornice are painted the arms of many present members of the College. The expenses attendant on these improvements were more than 2000/.; towards which some contributions have been made by former mem- bers, as a testimony of their friendship to the Society. The handsome tables were presented by Dr. Hall, the Master. To the persons whose classical taste directed these improve- ments we are indebted for a new object of attraction, and we strongly recommend to 132 PEMBROKE COLLEGE. — CHAPEL. strangers a view of this elegant apartment. The following portraits of Founders and Benefactors have been replaced on the walls, viz. — Thomas Tesdale, Esq. and Richard Wightwick, B.D. the first Founders of the College ; King Charles I.; Francis Rous, Provost of Eton, in 1643 ; George Townsend, Esq. of Gloucestershire, 1647; Sir John Bennet, Knight of the Bath, afterward Lord Ossulstone, 1672; George Mor- ley, Bishop of Winchester, 1678; Dr. John Hall, Bishop of Bristol, Master from 1664 to 1 709 ; Queen Anne ; Simon, Earl Harcourt ; Dr. Benjamin Slocock, 1749 ; Rev. James Phipps, 1749; Mrs. Phipps, his wife; and Dr. Smith, the late Master. At the upper end of the room is a handsome bust of Dr. Johnson,* by Bacon, presented by Samuel Whitbread, Esq. the elder. The Library is over the Hall. Formerly the books were kept in a large room over the south aisle of St. Aldate's Church, which was, at one time, a Civil Law School, and had a col- lection of books on that science for the use of Broadgate and other Halls adjoining. When, in 1709, Dr. John Hall, Master, bequeathed his collection, it became necessary to remove the Library to its present situation. The Chapel is a small elegant building of the Ionic order, with a beautiful altar-piece, containing a copy, by Cranke, from a picture of * Dr. Samuel Johnson was entered a Commoner of this College in October, 1738. His apartments were on the second floor, over the gateway. He had been at the Univer- sity about three years, when the deranged state of his fa- ther's affairs caused the scanty remittances on which he had before contrived to subsist to be wholly withdrawn, and he was under the painful necessity of quitting College without taking a Degree ; but in 1755 the Degree of M.A. was con- ferred on him, and in 1775 the Degree of D.C.L. both by diploma. PEMBROKE COLLEGE. — CHAPEL. 133 Rubens, at Antwerp, of our Saviour after his Resurrection, presented to the College by the Rev. Joseph Corbett, the venerable Archdeacon of Salop (then Mr. Plimley). Before the erec- tion of the present Chapel, this Society attended divine service in the south aisle of St. Aldate's Church. In a garden near the Chapel is a neat and pleasant Common Room, in which there is a painting of Shenstone, who was educated at Pembroke College, lately given by the above Archdeacon Corbett, in the name of his son, also brought up here. The Master's Lodgings are on the outside of the gate to the right of the entrance : they contain, among other pictures and prints of College Worthies, a portrait of Archbishop Newcome, painted by Hamilton; one of Hall, Bishop of Bristol, and Master of this College ; and one of Dr. Johnson, a copy from Sir Joshua Reynolds, presented by Arch- deacon Corbett, for his eldest son, Panton Plimley, Esq. (now Corbett.) The interior of the quadrangle has lately been newly faced with Bath stone, and altered from the Palladian to a later style of English architecture; the whole presenting a neat ap- pearance. The northern front and the Lodg- ings of the Master have been decorated by Mr. Daniel Evans, of Oxford, in a modern style of English architecture. The oriel windows are worthy of attention, particularly the one over the gateway, which was constructed on the model of the remains of one in John of Gaunt' s Palace, at Lincoln. The battlement of the tower and the chimnies is executed in a style corresponding with the other parts of the building. This College, originally Broadgate Hall, was founded in 1624, by Thomas Tesdale, Esq. of Glympton, in Oxford- M 134 ST. EBBE's CHURCH. — CHRIST CHURCH. shire ; and Richard Wightwick, Rector of Ilsley, Berks.* The foundation now consists of a Master, 14 Fellows, and 3! Scholars and Exhibitioners. Four of the Fellows on Mr.Tes- dale's foundation must be chosen from his relatives. Two on the foundation of Mr. Wightwick must be either related to him, or bear the same name. The rest are elected from the Grammar-school at Abingdon. Members on the books are about 190. The King's Letters Patent for the endow- ment of the College are dated June 29, 1624, and on the 5th of August, in the same year, the ceremony of the transmuta- tion of Broadgate Hall into Pembroke College took place. In commemoration of the entrance upon a third century from this endowment, a splendid entertainment was given by the Masters and Fellows in June, 1824. Visitor — The Chancellor of the University. Not far from this College is the Church dedi- cated to ST. EBBE, A plain modern imitation of the pointed style, opened for divine service on the 9th of Febru- ary, 1817. The body of the former Church was pulled down in 1813: but an embattled tower at the west end was preserved, and occupies the same situation in the new Church. In this tower there are eight bells. The King is the Patron of the Rectory. We now return to {^ CHRIST CHURCH.. As this College is very large, it is necessary to acquaint strangers, that if they wish to see the Hall, or the Great Bell, they must inquire for the Porter, whose Lodge is on the rio-ht, under the first gateway. This Porter will inform * In the phraseology of the day, -while the Kin«r (James I.) was denominated the Founder, and the Earl of Pembroke, then Chancellor of the University, was styled Godfather, Tesdale and Wightwick were called Foster/ athers only. CHRIST CHURCH. — GREAT TOM. 135 them where to apply in order to gain admittance to the Cathedral. The Library is shewn by an- other Porter, whose Lodge is under Canterbury gateway, at the eastern entrance. The elevation of Christ Church, viewed from the street, displays uncommon grandeur, and ranges along an extent of 400 feet. Wolsey left the great entrance tower unfinished, and in 1682 it was completed under the direction of Sir Christopher Wren. This tower gives a dignity to the building which it crowns, when nearly viewed, and, when seen from a distance, adds greatly to the beauty of Oxford. The arms of the benefactors who contributed to the erection, are engraved on the roof that parts the gatehouse from the belfry, in which is the great bell Tom, one of the largest in England,* which formerly belonged to Osney Abbey, and has since been recast, when this inscription was put on it: " Magnus Thomas clusius Ooconiensis, renatus Apr. 8, 1680," &c. The original in- scription was, " In Thomce laude resono Bim Bom sinefraude" Every night, at ten minutes past nine, it tolls 101 times, (the number of the members called Students,) when the gates of most of the Colleges and Halls are shut. The gate is ornamented with a statue of Queen Anne. The great quadrangle, about 263 feet square, is formed by the Hall, the Lodgings of the Dean, and five of the Canons, and apartments for members of the Society. In the centre is a small fountain, supplied with water from the river Isis, and the spring at Hinksey. In the north-east corner, over the passage, is a statue * The dimensions of this bell are — diameter, seven feet one inch ; from the crown to the brim, five feet nine inches ; thickness of the striking- place, six inches; weight, 17,000lbs.; weight of the clapper, &42lbs. M 2 136 CHRIST CHURCH. — HALL. of Bishop Fell, and over the passage to the Hall is one of Cardinal Wolsey. On March 3rd, 1809, a fire broke out in the Rooms between the Hall and the Canon's lodg- ings, then occupied by the late Professor White, which did very considerable mischief. At one time, the Hall on the one side, and the turret of Tom, over the principal entrance, on the other, were considered to be in great danger, and must have been destroyed but for the exertions of the members of this and the other Colleges, and the inhabitants of the City. The interior of the Hebrew Professor's Lodgings, and several rooms of the members, were destroyed. The Hall was built by Wolsey, and strikes every eye with its magnificence, the grandeur of its proportions, and the propriety of its or- naments. It is unrivalled as a refectory by any room in the kingdom. In the reign of Charles I. the present approach was built, but the name of the architect is not known; the vaulted roof is supported by a single pillar, in the centre of a square, and by groins at the angles. The new staircase and lobby were opened in 1800. The roof of the Hall is highly ornamented, and the large window, at the upper end of the south side, is suited to its position, and very much ad- mired for its fine carved Gothic canopy. This stately apartment is 115 feet in length, 40 in breadth, and 50 in height, and, taking in the lobby, &c. is 180 feet long. In 1801, two new Gothic chimney-pieces were erected in this room, by order of the Dean, Dr. Jackson, from apian of Mr. Wyatt. They are made of Somersetshire stone, and are considered very appropriate or- naments of the Hall. As Christ Church has ever claimed the honour of receiving our Monarchs when they came to Oxford, this Hall has consequently CHRIST CHURCH, — HALL. m been the scene of those entertainments which have been prepared to do honour to, or pro- mote the amusement of, the royal visitors. — Henry VIII. in 1533, Queen Elizabeth, in 1566 and 1592, James L in 1605, and Charles I. se- veral times, were splendidly entertained in this room. In the year 1814, George IV. then Prince Regent, dined here with Prince Metter- nich ; the renowned veteran warrior. Prince Blucher ; a numerous party of other royal and noble visitors ; the late Dr. Hall, then Dean^ and all the other members of this College. — After dinner, his Royal Highness desired his name might be entered on the books of Christ Church. — This noble room is splendidly fur- nished with the following collection of portraits of persons distinguished for their high rank, great learning, and eminent qualities, who, with few exceptions, were educated within the walls of this College : — The third Duke of Portland, Chancellor of the Univer- sity — Romney Dudley Carleton, Viscount Dorchester — Vandyke Cox, Archbishop of Cashel Henry Benet, Earl of Arling- ton — Lely Gilbert, Archbishop of York The first Earl of Mansfield— Martin The second Earl of Oxford — Kneller William Bromley, Esq. M.P. for the University, &c. — Kneller Robert Freind, D.D. Canon of Christ Church Stone, Archbishop of Armagh The celebrated John Locke — Kneller Dr. William Jackson, Canon of Christ Church and Bishop of Oxford— Owen M Sir Gilbert Dolben. Dr. Euseby Cleaver, Arch^ bishop of Dublin— Romney Bisset, Bishop of Raphoe— Lawrence Dr. Coleridge, first Bishop of Barbadoes — Philipps. John Freind, M.D. Agar, Archbishop of Dublin, and Earl of Normanton— Romney Benson, Bishop of Gloucester. George Grenville, a distin- guished statesman — Rom- ney Dr. Stratford, Canon of Christ Church Sir Jonathan Trelawney, Bart. D.D. Bishop of Winchester — Kneller Drummond, Archbishop of York— Hudson Sir John Skynner, Knt-» Gainsborough 3 ]38 CHRIST CHITRCH. — HALL. Moreton, Bishop of Meath Wake, Archbishop of Canter- bury Charles Boyle, Earl of Orrery Robinson, Archbishop of Ar- magh, and Baron Rokeby — Reynolds Charles Abbot, D.C.L. Lord Colchester — Northcote Hon. Ed. Venables Vernon, D.C.L. Archbishop of York —Hoppner Markham, Dean and Arch- bishop of York — Reynolds Atterbury, Dean and Bishop of Rochester — Kneller Hall, Dean of Christ Church — Newton Conybeare, Dean and Bishop of Bristol Samuel Fell, D.D. Dean of Christ Church Ellis, Bishop of Meath King, Dean and Bishop of London Smalridge, Dean and Bishop of Bristol John Fell, Dean, and Bishop of Oxford Cyril Jackson, D.D. Dean — Owen Boulter, Archbishop of Ar- magh Cardinal Wolsey — Holbein King Henry VIII — The same Queen Elizabeth — Zucchero Bradshaw, Dean, and Bishop of Bristol Bagot, D.C.L. Dean, and Bi- shop of St. Asaph — Hopp- Henry Aldrich, D.D. Dean Brian Duppa, D.D. Dean, and Bishop of Winchester — Van Loo Morley, Dean, and Bishop of Winchester Corbet, Dean, and Bishop of Norwich — Vandyke William Wyndham Grenviile, D.C.L. Chancellor of the University — Owen George Canning, D.C.L. — Lawrence Carey, Bishop of St. Asaph — Reynolds Vansittart, Baron Bexley — Owen Goodenough, Bishop of Car- lisle — Northcote Dr. Fell, Dr. Dolben, and Dr. Allestree* Moss, Bishop of Oxford — Hoppner^jun. Welbore Ellis, Baron Mendip — Gainsborough Lewis De Visme, a Student — Raphael Mengs Dolben, Archbishop of York Eden, Baron Auckland— Lawrence King, Bishop of Chichester Hooper, Bishop of Bath and Wells — Hogarth Blackburne, Archbishop of York Sir Thomas Strange — Sir M. Shee Dr. Pett, Principal of St. Mary Hall, afterwards Canon of Christ Church Legge, Bishop of Oxford * This picture is copied from a fine painting by Sir Peter Lely, in the mansion of the Dolben family, in Northampton- shire. Dr. Fell', Dr. Dolben, and Dr. Allestree are repre- sented in their canonical habits, reading the Liturgy of the Church of England. During Cromwell's Protectorship, these divines, and other men of eminence, met for this purpose iu the lodgings of Dr. Willis, in Canterbury quadrangle, and afterwards in his house, opposite Merton College ; and this practice continued until the Restoration. CHRIST CHURCH. — HALL. 139 Hon. William Pitt-Amherst, Governor-General of India James, third Bishop of Cal- cutta — Faulkner Randolph, Bishop of London — Owen Nicoll, Canon of Christ Church in 1751 — Reynolds Charles Watkin Williams Wynn, D.C.L. and M.P. a Student — Shee Busby, the celebrated Master of Westminster School Harley, fourth Earl of Oxford Murray, second Earl of Mans- field — Romney Small well, Bishop of Oxford — Romney Sir Archibald Macdonald, Chief Baron of the Exche- quer — Romney Above the Wainscot, South. Sir William Dolben, Bart. M.P. for the University Sir J. English Dolben, Bart. — Perigal Sir John Dolben, Bart. Pre- bendary of Durham Sir Francis Barnard Godwin, Bishop of Hereford Howson, Bishop of Durham Westfaling, Bishop of Here- ford Eieton, Bishop of Ely Miles Smith, Bishop of Glou- cester Bancroft, Bishop of Oxford James, Dean, and Bishop of Durham Griffith, Bishop of St. Asaph Piers, Dean, and Archbishop of York Ravis, Dean, and Bishop of London Matthew, Dean, and Arch- bishop of York Godwyn, Dean, and Bishop of Bath and Wells Wood, Bishop of Litchfield and Coventry Sanderson, Bishop of Lincoln Skinner, Student, Recorder of Oxford, and M.P. for the City Spratt, Prebendary of West- minster Este, Bishop of Waterford Gastrell, Bishop of Chester Alsop, Prebendary of Win- chester Dr. Thomas Burton, Canon Hickman, Bishop of London- derry Pelling, Canon of Windsor In this fine room there is a bust of his late Majesty, George IV. by Chantrey. Very near the Hall is the Kitchen, which is often visited by strangers. In it is a very large and curious gridiron, which is supported by four wheels. It was used for dressing whole joints, before ranges and spits were invented. The Kitchen was the first part of the College that was completed, and still retains its original appearance. The Chapel of this College, which is also the Cathedral of the Diocese, is the same which 140 CHRIST CHURCH. — CHAPEL. belonged to the Priory of St. Frideswide, where that Saint and her parents were entombed. It is built in the shape of a cross, with a spire in the middle. The tower contains ten bells, which formerly belonged to Osney Abbey. The length of the Chapel, from east to west, is 154 feet. The nave was originally almost double the length it is at present; Cardinal Wolsey having pulled down about 50 feet of the west end, to make room for the houses of the Canons. The length of the transept, from north to south, is 102 feet. The height of the western part is 41| feet; and in the choir 37y feet. The breadth of the nave and side aisles is 54 feet; and the height of the steeple 144 feet. Five monuments of great antiquity are still remain- ing in this Chapel, or, more properly, Church. The first, which is under the great window in the north transept, was erected to the memory of James Zouch, who died in 1503. The four other tombs are between the respective arches, dividing the Divinity or Latin Chapel from the middle north aisle. The first of these displays a man in armour, and is reported to belong to Sir Henry de Bathe, who died in 1252. The next beyond is supposed to contain the remains of Guymond, a Prior, who died about 1149- The next monument is that of the Lady Eliza- beth Montacute, wife to William, Baron Mon- tacute, ancestor of the Montacutes, Earls of Sa- lisbury. She was buried here in 1353. The last of these tombs is called the shrine of St. Frideswide. This is a neat and elegant struc- ture erected over a tomb, which had on it the effigies of a man and woman, in brass, now torn off, said to have been the parents of the saint. She died in the year 740, on October 19th, which day is commemorated by a Fair kept be- fore the gates of the College. The monument Dratvn 7?s^4.6.YCc}cerj Engraved 2>i- J>ern/ South ■ (§wmim €stiuie(siei toweir. ' Uut hark .'the warning sounds of Wolsey's or/7 7>uya*> o'er t/te axy HJco hus la^t farewell, While, aruweriry Umpl^ with, obedient .,-. Peal to the ntoht.X- moan sad mzusic rozcnA." ■ ■'''!,, ) Street. < CHRIST CHURCH. — CHAPEL. I4i of Robert Burton, the author of the Anatomy of Melancholy, who was a member of this Col- lege, is in this part of the Church. On it is his bust, with a calculation of his nativity, and this inscription by himself, put up by his brother, the Leicestershire Antiquary, " Paucis notus, paucioribus ignotus, hie jacet Democritus Junior, cui vitam dedit, et mortem, Melancholia. Obiit vin. Id. Jan. a. c. m.dc.xxxix." The monu- ments of later date may be considered as an obituary of many of the most distinguished members of this Society. There are also several monuments erected to the memory of eminent persons who died in Oxford when Charles I. held his Court at Christ Church. Most of the windows of this Cathedral were destroyed in 1651. Those that remain, with others executed since, are — The Story of Jonah, in the south aisle; the Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah ; and Christ disputing with the Doctors, in the east window of the Divinity Chapel, by Van Linge, 1634. The Nativity, in the east window, is by Price, from a design of Sir James Thornhill. The window in the north aisle, St. Peter conducted out of Prison by the Angel, was painted in 1700, by Isaac Oliver, when he was 84 years of age. The centre west window has lately been repaired, and embel- lished with ancient and very curious painted glass, representing St. Frideswide, St. Catha- rine, and other Saints. In the centre part of the gi'eat window in the north transept, is the representation of the murder of Becket, Arch- bishop of Canterbury, which has the appear- ance of great antiquity. The other windows contain a great variety of arms, crests, devices, &c. some of them collected and given by the late Alderman Fletcher, a few years since. The window which has a portrait of Bishop King, 142 CHRIST CHURCH. — CHAPEL. contains a curious view of the south elevation of Osney Abbey. There is a fine-toned organ in the Church, where service is performed every morning and evening, and sermons are preached in the nave, before the University — on Good Friday, Ascension Day, Christmas Day, and whenever it is the turn of the Dean or either of the Canons to preach. The Church has lately been new-roofed, and the interior has under- gone many alterations and repairs. The stone roof in the choir is much admired. The richly ornamented sacramental plate is very ancient. The pulpit is also very old, and of curious workmanship. In this Chapel has lately been placed a very fine statue of Dr. Cyril Jackson, Dean from 1783 to 1809, when he retired from his arduous situation: he died August 31st, 1819. It is executed by Chantrey, from the ex- cellent likeness in the Hall, by Owen. In the Memorials of Oxford, edited by Dr. Ingram, an account is given of a very curious piece of ancient sculpture, lately discovered in consequence of a great quantity of rubbish being removed from the garden of the Verger. It stands at the foot of an angular buttress, at the southern extremity of the Chapel. Dr. Ingram states, that " some persons have supposed it to be the ancient font of St. Frideswide's Church, which was certainly parochial as well as conven- tual, but," he continues, " we conclude that it is the celebrated altar or reliquary of St. Frides- wide, in which her bones, real or supposed, were enshrined on the day of their translation, in 1180, from the obscure position which they previously occupied, to a more splendid recep- tacle. The reason for concealing it so carefully from public view will appear from the injunc- tions of Henry VIII. as well as from the statutes of Edward VI., Elizabeth, and James I. for the CHRIST CHURCH. — ANATOMICAL THEATRE. 143 destruction of all altars, of relics, images, shrines, &c." Dr. Ingram gives an interesting account of the subjects of the sculptures, which are scrip- tural. The Chapter House, which opens into the east cloister, is a fine room, and is embellished with a few portraits. The Common Room, which is under the Hall, contains portraits of Henry VII., of Drs. Busby, Freind, Nicoll, and Archbishop Mark- ham, of Dean Aldrich, and Dr. Frewin. In the Court, to which we enter by a narrow passage, in the southern part of the Great Quadrangle, and adjoining the Common Room, is the Grammar School, where the Choristers and other boys are educated. Opposite the Grammar School is the Anatomical Theatre, which was begun in the year 1776, and finished partly with the benefaction of Dr. Freind, who died in 1728, leaving 1000/. towards promoting the study of anatomy ; and partly with the le- gacy of Dr. M. Lee, who by his will endowed the Lectureship, and was in other respects a great benefactor to the College. This is a hand- some convenient building, and is well furnished with subjects, preserved in spirits, to illustrate the study of anatomy. Lectures are delivered here by Dr. Lee's Reader in Anatomy, who is appointed by the Dean and Chapter. Mr. J. S. and Mr. P. B. Duncan, of New College, lately presented to this Theatre some very elegant wax models, formed with great accuracy. They were purchased at Florence by these gentlemen. Proceeding from the Chapel, down the clois- ters, and passing by the old Library, the Chap- lains' Quadrangle, and Fell's Buildings; or, from the Anatomical Theatre into the lane, in which are the College Stables, the stranger is invited to take a view of the beautiful Walks, 144 CHRIST CHURCH. — PECKWATER. called Christ Church Meadow, and the Wide Walk. The meadow is bounded on the east by the Cherwell, on the south by the river Isis, on the west by a branch of the same river, and on the north by the Wide Walk. It is a mile and a quarter round; the Wide Walk is upwards of a quarter of a mile in length. These walks are kept in excellent order, at the sole expense of Christ Church, and are filled with company in the fine evenings of summer, during term, when the scene is enlivened by the continual passing and repassing of pleasure boats of every description, from the skiff to the eight-oared cutter. In order to complete the view of this College, we must return into the Great Quadrangle, pass under the north-east arch, which is oppo- site the Hall entrance, and proceed to the quad- rangle, called Peckwater, which derives its name from an ancient hall or inn which stood on the south-west corner of the present court, and was the property of Richard Peckwater, who gave it to St. Frideswide's Priory, in the reign of Henry III. About the middle of the reign of Henry VIII. another inn, called Vine Hall, was added to it ; these, with other build- ings, were formed into a quadrangle, in the time of Dean Duppa and Dr. S. Fell, which remained until 1 705, when the east, west, and north sides were rebuilt after a plan given by Dean A Id rich, at the expense of the Dean, Canons, and nobi- lity and gentry educated in this Society. An- thony Radclifte, Canon, bequeathed 3000/. for this purpose. This munificent benefaction is commemorated in the following Latin inscrip- tion, under the cornice of the north side, which was built with his money: " Atrii Peckwateri- ensis quod spectas latus extruxit Antonius Rad- cliffe, S.T.P. hujusce sedis primp Alumnus, CHRIST CHURCH. — LIBRARY. 145 deinde Canonicus." The three sides are in a chaste Ionic style; all superfluity of ornament has been judiciously rejected, and it is one of the most correct examples of the Palladian architecture in this kingdom. The new Library, forming the south side of Peckwater quadrangle, was begun in 1716, after a design of Dr. George Clarke, a Fellow of All Souls', and Member for the University ; and was not completed until 1761. The elevation consists of one order of three-quarter Corinthian columns, of considerable height and diameter. It was originally intended that the lower story should consist of an open piazza of seven arches, with an ascent of three steps along the front of the building ; but it was afterwards enclosed, and forms the rooms which contain some books, and the collection of paintings given to the Col- lege by Brigadier-General Guise, and others. The following is a list of the paintings, busts, &c. placed in these lower rooms : — At the entrance are the folloiv- tag Busts. R. Freind, D.D. Master of Westminster School — Rys- braeck George I. — The same Dr. Markham, Dean, and Archbishop of York — Ba- con, junior Dr. Robinson, Primate of Ire- land — Bacon Hugh Boulter, Primate of Ireland George II. — Rysbraeck Christ Church — Roubillac. 1757. Dr. Busby, Head Master of Westminster School — Rys- braeck Dr. Trevor, Bishop of Dur- ham — Bacon General Guise — Bacon Dr. Lewis Bagot, Dean, and Bishop of St. Asaph — Chan- trey PAINTINGS, &c. Right-hand Room, commencing George III.— Bacon at the Entrance* Dr. Frewin, a Physician of Portrait of General Guise — Oxford and Student of] Reynolds * We recommend all amateurs of painting to purchase the excellent Catalogue raisonnee of the Pictures in the Library and Hall, recently published, and sold by the Porter, who shews the Library. N 146 CHRIST CHURCH. LIBRARY. Portrait of King Henry the Sixth — Holbein Portrait of Cardinal Wolsey — The same Portrait — Titian Portrait — Tintoretto Portrait of a Woman with a Guitar An Ecce Homo — Baroccio Diana and Actaeon— Titian A Head Marriage of St. Katharine — Paul Veronese Same subject — The same Madonna and Child with St. John — G. Bellini The Triumph of Cupid— Do- menichino Two Boys with a Dog and a Goat — Old Bassano Venus and Adonis — P. Vero- nese The entombing the Holy Body ~G. di Bassano Pan — Giorgione Madonna and Child—// Por- denone Madonna with St. John A Choir of Angels — Guido Half length of St. Katharine — Pietro della Vite A Female Head Christ on the Mount, and his Disciples asleep — Bassano A Nativity — The same Christ with the two Disciples at Emmaus — Lazzarini Martyrdom of St. Laurence — Tintoretto Miracle of St. Mark— The same The Last Supper — The same Titian's Mistress — Titian Four Portraits, with a Book of Music — Titian The Virgin, St. Peter, St. Francis, and a Venetian General, offering a Stand- ard taken from the Turks. Christ, half length— Titian A Nativity— Titian Portrait of the Duke of Alva — Titian Madonna and Child with St. John — Titian Holy Family — Titian Christ tempted — From the School of Titian Portrait of a Venetian Noble- man — Titian A Head — Titian A Sudarium, or Veronica, be- ing a supposed representa- tion of the face of Christ on a handkerchief — Titian A Female Head — Titian A Nativity on a large Scale — Bassano Christ crowned with Thorns — Bassano A Nativity — B, Bassano, or Giorgione A Small Head — B. Bassano King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba — P. Veronese Sketch for a Cupola — After Correggio The Circumcision — Correggio A small Madonna and Child Christ crowned with Thorns Hercules and Omphale, from the Venetian School Second Compartment. Rebecca at the Well, and Abraham's servant present- ing the Bracelets — Guido Apollo flaying Marsyas — An- drea Sacchi Female with a Dove, repre- senting Simplicity — F. Fio- rino Cleopatra — Guido Christ in his youth, with a representation of his future sufferings — F. Albano Head of St. John — Guido A Youth playing on a Violin" St. Sebastian — A copy from Guido Two Children, called Holy CHRIST CHURCH. — LIBRARY. 147 Love, conquering Profane Love, said to be one of the best specimens of his first manner — Gnido The Rape of Europa, a draw- ing for a Fan mount — Guido A small Madonna and Child A small Sketch Hagar and Ishmael — F.Mola Cleopatra Madonna and two Children A Sketch Ditto The Assumption of the Virgin (A Sketch) The Assumption of the Virgin — F. Naldini Assembly of the Gods (Sketch painted on paper) A Head of Christ Madonna and Child — L. da Vinci St. Elizabeth with St. John musing upon a Cross made of Reeds — L. da Vinci A small Sketch A small Sketch Two Figures, a Sketch A small Head Descent from the Cross — Copy from D. da Volterra Christ bearing the Cross — A. Mantegna Madonna and Child--X. da Vinci A small Head (a fragment) — The same Ditto — The same The Martyrdom of St. Eras- mus — From N. Poussin Five Figures — From ParmU giano A Bacchanalian piece, with Silenus Holy Family — Parmigiano Marriage of St. Katharine — After Correggio Madonna with a Rabbit, after a well-known Picture at Naples — Correggio Three Heads, the Virgin, Child, and Joseph A Nativity, after the well- known Picture called the " Notte," by Correggio, in the Gallery at Dresden — Copied by C. Cignani Descent from the Cross — Cor- reggio. Cupid making his Bow — Ccr- reggio, or Parmigiano Death of Sophonisba — Dome- nichino St. Jerome praying — The same A Dying Magdalene — The same The last Communion of St. Jerome — The same The Meeting of the Emperor Otho and St. Nilo, a Sketch — The same The Building of the Church at Grotta Ferrata, a Sketch — The same Susannah and the Elders — After Domenichino The Heads of Cherubs— The same Head of Diana — The same Third Compartment. Figures of Sibyls — A. Boti- cello The same Subject — The same A Nativity. From the French School A Dead Christ, supported by the Three Marys — Rapha- elino del Garbo Angels playing on Musical Instruments. A very curi- ous specimen of the Finger Organ of the time, called a Regal — Giottino, or Gaddi A Figure of a Saint with a Book — Granacei Holy Family — Duccio de Bo- ninsegna Solomon and the Queen of N 2 148 CHRIST CHURCH. LIBRARY. Sheba, from the Venetian School Madonna and Child — Cimabae Madonna and Child A Nativity and an Ascension Alissio Bandoretti Madonna and Child — Giotto de Bondone A small Madonna and Child Madonna and Child— T. Gaddi A small Figure of Christ after the Resurrection, by An- drea del Castagno, first Ita- lian Painter in oil colours Holy Family — F, Francia Holy Family — F. Lippi Madonna and Child— M. de Panicale St, George and the Dragon, by a Greek Painter A Saint with a Book — G. de Bondone Two Heads — A. Mantegna Miracle of the Wheel. Le- gend of St. Katharine Madonna and Child, very an- cient A Picture from the Chapter House. A Miser, &c. Rape of the Sabines. SJtetch Christ in the Temple— P. Pe- rugino A small Landscape Jupiter, Neptune, Cybele, Juno — J. Romano Madonna and Child with St. John — Paduanino The Resurrection of Christ The Infants Jesus and St. John — Raphael Portrait of Baldasso Casti- glione— A copy from Ra- phael An Emperor on Horseback — J. Romano The Vision of Constantine from Raphael — The same A Nativity, from the Royal collection of King Charles I. — Raphael The Sibyls, an original Draw- ing — Raphael Christ appearing in the Gar- den — P. Perugino Jupiter and Juno — From Ra- phael Madonna and Child — From Raphael A Sketch — After the manner of Raphael Madonna and Child, original at Naples — From Raphael The Gathering the Manna, a Sketch — From Raphael Madonna and Child, in his first manner — Raphael The Transfiguration, a small copy — From Raphael Head of a Female weeping, Fragment of a , Cartoon — Raphael Sketch of a Man on Horse- back — Vandijck Three Sketches — Volterrano Scipio presenting the Spanish Princess to her Husband — Vandyck Philosophers with a Globe, a S ketch— Old Palma Ditto. A Sketch — Vandyck A Boy's Head. A Sketch— Vandyck A Head — Rubens A small Picture of Soldiers and Women Judgment of Solomon— P. Romano Interior of St Peter's Church at Rome — P. Panini Diana and Nymphs, and Ac- tion — P. Veronese Room on the Left of the En- trance. The General Resurrection. Called a Venetian Picture of good character Lot and his Daughters — Ca- ravaggio Representation of the Iron Age — P. da Cortona CHRIST CHURCH. LIBRARY. 149 A Temple of Diana at the time of Sacrifice— P. da Cortona St. Katharine — Salviati The Brazen Age — P. da Cor- tona The Virgin contemplating the Child Cleopatra — Salviati Judith with the Head of Ho- lofernes — Salviati Two Female Figures, a Lady and her Servant — Mutiano A piece of Architecture — Ghi- solfi The Prodigal Sou returned — Guercino Christ crowned with Thorns — Guercino A Head of St. John with a Lamb — Guercino A Prince Bishop writing — Spanish Figures — A. A, Fer- nandez A Nativity— B. Peruzzi Medusa's Head with Snakes -^Rubens Diana and Nymphs, and Ac- tseon— C. Maratti Judith with the Head of Ho- lofernes — J. Galantini Madonna and Child, and St. John — A. del Sarto A Female, half length— The same Day of Judgment— F. da Bas- sano Slaughter of the Innocents, and Herod on a Throne — J. Borgonone The Prodigal Son received by his Father A small Head, over the win- dow The General Resurrection. Sketch— Younger Palma A Nativity, after Corregio — Cavedone Two Spanish Heads — Murillo A Landscape with Figures, representing the Country about Bologna, by Geo. Francesco Grimaldi, called II Bolognese. He was a Scholar of Annibal Caracci A Landscape, in which are Figures representing the Murder of St. Pietro Mar- tire — Figures by A. Caracci — Landscape by G. Caracci A Landscape — G. Caracci A Battle Piece— J. Borgo- none A Landscape — G. Caracci A Landscape, with Figures representing Moses deliver- ing the daughters of Reuel, Priest of Midian, from the Shepherds — Domenichino Landscape, with St. John preaching in the Wilder- ness — G. Caracci Landscape, with Figures. Fishermen and Women washing — Domenichino Second Compartment on the left of the Entrance. Apollo and Marsyas, Midas sitting in Judgment — A. Schiavone St. Paul rebuking St. Peter- ed. Sacchi A Nativity — F, Zuccarelli The taking down from the Cross — Old Palma A Nativity — Copy from the younger Palma Christ bearing the Cross — JF. Vanni A Head of a Philosopher, &aid to be painted by Salv. Rosa while at Florence Diogenes — F. Mola The Story of Ericthonius— S. Rosa A Sketch— S. Rosa Tobias taking the Fish— S. Rosa A Sketch— Copied from S> Rosa N 3 150 CHRIST CHURCH, — LIBRARY. St. Peter — M. A . Caravaggio A Figure representing the Art of Painting — Copied from Spagnoletto A Portrait, holding a Letter — Spagnoletto St. Peter — Spagnoletto A Sporting Party with Hawks and Dogs — Bamboccio Clowns dancing, and Cattle — Bamboccio A Nativity — Copied from Del Vaga A party playing at Bowls — D. Battaglia A Mountebank on Horseback drawing a Clown's Tooth — The same Preparing the Holy Body for the Tomb — A. del Sarto Faith girding a Sword on a General— P. del Vaga St. Jerome reading— Spagno- letto Two Heads— Spagnoletto A Portrait in Robes with Er- mine — F. Torbido Portrait of a Lady Portrait — Riley Portrait of Pietro Francesco Mola, by himself Portrait of Vandyke. Sketch by himself Head — F. Zucchero Head — A. Janssens Portrait of Ring Charles I. Portrait of the First Prince of Orange Frederick, Duke of Saxony— Holbein Philip, Archduke of Austria — Holbein Portrait of an English Noble- man, with the St. George or Jewel of the Order of the Garter Head-— Holbein A Father and two Sons, pray- ing — Holbein A Head — Holbein A Head — Holbein Third Compartment, on the Right. Two Heads. A Study— A. Sacchi Architecture — Viviani St. Christopher— M. A. Buo- narotti A Nativity A Nativity The Flight into Egypt— Lan- franc Christ and two Disciples at Emmaus — L. Caracci The Assumption of the Virgin, with a View of the City of Bologna— -A Caracci A Butcher's Shop— A. Ca- racci An Italian Buffoon drinking — A. Caracci A Dead Christ fore-shortened — L. Caracci St. Francis in a Vision, sup- ported by Angels — A. Ca- racci Holy Family — A. Caracci Octagonal Picture on black Marble— A. Caracci Head of Christ — A. Caracci The good Samaritan — S. Ba- dolocchi The conveying Christ to the Tomb Head Head Head A Picture for an Altar-piece ^-Spagnoletto A Master and his Scholar — G. Douw A Landscape— P. F. Mola The Last Supper. Sketch— The same A Landscape— The same Large Picture of Susannah and the Elders— A. Caracci Nymph Bathing. On Copper —D'Arpino Adam and Eve driven from Paradise— The same CHRIST CHURCH. 151 A Martyrdom. Sketch — Van- dyck Diana and Nymphs. Sketch —.V. del Abbate Raising of Lazarus A Pilgrim, half length Holy Family. By a Scholar of the Caracci — B. Schidone Marriage of St. Katherine — The same The Entombing of Christ — The same The Burning of Troy — B. Van Orlay Potrait of Maria Robusti — P. Bourdon David and Goliah. A Study — M. A. Buonarotti A small Figure of Christ bound A Nativity. By a Scholar of Pietro da Cortona, of the Roman School — C. Ferri Cattle driven off, and a distant fire. Of the Genoese School — G. Castiglione Subject unknown — The same Christ driving the Cattle out of the Temple — The same A Nativity— C. Ferri A Figure representing Ceres. The upper room is 14 1 feet by 30, and 37 feet in height. The ceiling is richly ornamented ; and the wainscot and pillars are of the finest Norway oak. The festoons of stucco are much admired for the delicacy of the workmanship. This Library, in books, prints, manuscripts, and coins, is of the first order. The recesses in the upper room are occupied by a bust, in bronze, of Marcus Modius, a physician, pre^ sented to the Society by Lord Frederick Camp- bell ; and a female figure, in marble, attended by a smaller figure of a boy, with one hand upon her shoulder, given by the late A. K. Mackenzie, M.A. a student of this house. This fine antique statue was found at Pella, in Greece. At the east end are marble busts of Seneca and Nero; and at the other end, of Ceres and Cicero. On the staircase is a fine whole-length statue of Locke, by Roubillac. Canterbury quadrangle joins that of Peck- water on the east side, and is a handsome en- trance to the College. On this site formerly stood Canterbury Hall, which was granted to the College by Henry VIII. In 1775 the north and east sides of it w r ere rebuilt, after a design 152 CHRIST CHURCH. of Mr. VVyatt, chiefly at the expense of Dr. Robinson, Primate of Ireland, who contributed 20001. towards their completion ; by whose li- berality the south side also was rebuilt in 1783. The chief ornament of this Court is the magni- ficent gateway, erected under the direction of Mr. Wyatt, in 1778. The order is Doric, and the design combines all that can be expected from an union of solidity and elegance. Both Canterbury and Peckwater quadrangles are in- habited chiefly by the Undergraduate Members of the College. This princely College was originally founded by Cardinal Wolsey, on the site of the Priory of St. Frideswide, who in- tended that it should consist of a Dean, Sub-Dean, 100 Canons, 10 Public Readers, 13 Chaplains, an Organist, 12 Clerks, and 16 Choristers; but in consequence of the Car- dinal falling into disgrace with his royal master, Henry VIII. his intentions could not be carried into effect. The King seized upon and suspended the foundation, which he re-established in 1532, under the name of Henry the Eighth's College; but this was suppressed in 1545; and in the year following the episcopal see was removed from Osney to this College, and the Church of St. Frideswide was constituted a Cathedral, by the name of Christ Church, for the maintenance of a Dean, 8 Canons, 8 Chaplains, an Organist, 8 Clerks, and 8 Choristers, together with 60 Students, and 40 Gram- mar Scholars, a Schoolmaster and an Usher. In 1561, Queen Elizabeth converted the 40 Grammar Scholars into Acade- mical Students, ordering that their vacancies should be sup- plied from Westminster College. Thus 100 Students were established ; to which number one more was added, in 1663, by W. Thurstone, Esq. This large College is always over- flowing with members. Those not on the foundation are, as in other Societies, called Noblemen, Gentlemen Commoners, and Commoners. The number of members on the books is about 980. Visitor — The King. A few paces to the left, on leaving the Can- terbury gate of Christ Church, on the opposite side, is the entrance to ORIEL COLLEGE. — LIBRARY. 153 ORIEL COLLEGE. *#- Porter's Lodge is on the left of the gateway. The Quadrangle of this College was finished about the year 1640. It contains, on the north side, part of the Provost's Lodgings; on the east, the Hall and entrance into the Chapel, which runs eastward; and on the south and west sides are apartments for the Fellows, and other members of the Society. The roof of the gateway is ornamented with the royal arms of Charles I. and the other door-ways with the arms of benefactors. Northward of this quad- rangle there are two handsome buildings ; that on the east erected at the expense of Robinson, Bishop of London, during his lifetime, in 1719. The other, on the west side, which corresponds with Bishop Robinson's, was begun in March, 1729, and erected by the munificence of Dr. George Carter, some time Provost, who be- queathed his whole fortune for this purpose and the purchase of livings, for the benefit of the College. In 1818, a considerable addition was made to this College by the erection of a hand- some stone building, which contains fifteen sets of rooms for members of the Society, built at the south end and the back of Bishop Robin- son's building. The Library stands between Robinson's and Carter's buildings. It was built after a design by Wyatt, and is considered one of the most perfect pieces of architecture in Oxford, but wants the advantage of situation. The front, with equal grandeur and simplicity, exhibits only the Ionic order; all the parts are great and commanding, the ornaments few, and the whole harmonious. This Library contains a good collection of books. To those originally 154 ORIEL COLLEGE. — CHAPEL. belonging to it, has been added a very curious and valuable collection by the bequest of the late Edward, Baron Leigh, of Stoneleigh, in Warwickshire, who was some time a Nobleman of this College, and afterwards High Steward of the University. He died in 1786, and the expenses of this building, which was begun in 1788, were supplied by the subscription of the Provost, Fellows, and other members of the Society, as well as of the Honourable Mrs. Leigh, his Lordship's sister. The two fine pil- lars in this room are very much admired. A new room, adjoining to the gallery, is fitted up with some of the rich wainscot which was part of the furniture of New College Chapel, previ- ously to the alterations in 1789. Under the Library is a very elegant Common Room, which is ornamented with portraits of Dr. Eveleigh, Provost, by Hoppner ; of Dr. Copleston, late Provost, and Bishop of Llandaff, by Phillips; and of Sir William Seymour, late Puisne Judge in the Bombay Court, and formerly a member of this Society. In the inner Common Room is a curious picture, by Vasari, presented by James Clutterbuck Smith, Esq. The subject of it is a group of the Italian writers, Guido, Calvacanti, Dante, Boccaccio, Petrarch, Politian, and M. Ficinus. The Chapel was completed in 1642. In 1677, the high altar was paved with black and white marble, and the following year the whole of it was very much improved in consequence of the legacies of Samuel Short and Charles Perrot, Masters of Arts, and Fellows of this College. The subject of the east window is, The Presentation of our Saviour in the Temple, by Peckitt, of York, after a design by Dr. Wall, of Worcester. In the ante-chapel is a marble monument of Henry Edmonds, D.C.L. who died ORIEL COLLEGE. — HALL. 155 in 1746, and a very handsome one, by West- macott, to the memory of Dr. George Carter, erected at the expense of Dr. Eveleigh, in 1811. This Chapel was improved, and the seats aug- mented in 1818. The Hall was built in 1637, and in 1826 was repaired and its appearance much improved. It is entered by a flight of steps with an embat- tled portico, over which are the statues of the Virgin Mary and Child, and those of the Kings Edward II. and III. in canopied niches; above them a circular pediment, supported by pilasters and decorated with vases, rises before the roof. The room, which is 50 feet long and 20 wide, is fitted up with a handsome wainscot, and an entablature of the Doric order. Over the en- trance is a portrait of Bishop Butler. At the upper end is a portrait of Edward II. enthroned, by Hudson; to the right is that of Queen Anne, by Dhall; on the left the Duke of Beaufort, in his parliamentary robes, with a negro servant bearing his coronet, by Soldi. In one of the windows are the arms of Pierrepoint, Duke of Kingston, with the motto, Pie rejpone te. There are two curious cups belonging to this Hall, the one presented by the Founder, the other by Bishop Carpenter. On the 15th of June, 1826, this Society celebrated the five hundredth year from its foundation, by a splendid fete, at which were present 140 gentlemen who were or had been members of the College. The Founder of this College was Edward II. who had the character of a scholar and a patron of learning. It was founded in 1326, for a Provost and 10 Fellows. The number of Fellows has since been increased by various benefactions. Four were added by John Frank, Master of the Rolls, in the time of Henry VI. ; one by John Carpenter, Bishop of Wor- cester, about the year 1476; one by William Smyth, Bishop of Lincoln, 1507 ; and two by Richard Dudley, Chancellor of the Church of Salisbury, 1529. The present foundation 156 ST. MARY HALL. — CHAPEL. is for a Provost, 18 Fellows, and 15 Exhibitioners. The foundation of this College was first suggested to Edward II. by his almoner, Adam de Brome, who was appointed the first Provost. The number of members on the books is up- wards of 300. Visitor — The King. At a short distance from this College, north- ward, is ST. MARY HALL. *** The Porter's Lodge is the first door on the left. The buildings of this Hall compose a quad- rangle, formed by the Principal's Lodgings on the north, the Hall and Chapel on the south, and on the east and west by apartments for the students. The Chapel was built in 1640, at the ex- pense of several benefactors. In 1777? John Oswald, Bishop of Raphoe, gave lOOl. for re- pairing it. In it is a curious epitaph on Dr. William King, formerly a Principal of this Hall, written by himself. He was buried in Ealing Church, Middlesex, but ordered his heart to be preserved in this Chapel. The re- fectory of this Society has lately been repaired, and ornamented with new windows ; it contains the following portraits: — Sir Thomas More, from Holbein, given by Dr. Rathbone ; Charles, Lord Boyle, son of the Earl of Orrery; Dr. Wilson, (son of Bishop Wilson,) Prebendary of Westminster, and the intimate friend of Wilkes; in his hand is a scroll, on which is written, " Magna Charta and the Bill of Rights;" Dr. John Hudson, the editor of Thu- cydides, Josephus, &c. Principal from 1712 to 1719, given by J. Dawson, Esq. in 1752; Dr. William King, the celebrated satirist and poli- tical writer, and Principal from 1719 to 1764, CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE. 157 by Worlidge; Gibbs, the architect of Radcliffe's Library; Dr. Thomas Nowell, Principal from 1764 to 1801 ; Dr. Phineas Pett, Principal from 1801 to 1815, by Owen;* and Dr. Rathbone, a Vice-Principal. St. Mary Hall was formerly a tenement given by Henry Kelpe, a citizen of Oxford, in 1239, to the Rector of St. Mary's Church and his successors, and continued to be the parsonage house of the Rectors, till Edward II. in 1325, gave the church, with all its appertenances, to the Provost and Fellows of Oriel College, who converted it into an Academical Hall, in 1333. In 1826, it was enlarged by the erection of six new sets of rooms ; and at the same time the Lodgings of the Principal were repaired and improved. The new buildings are in the purest style of Gothic architecture, and were designed and executed under the direction of Daniel Robertson, Esq. — The establishment consists of about 80 members. Visitor — The Chancellor of the University. To continue our tour, it is necessary to re- turn, to pass by Oriel College, and, when at the end of the lane, by walking a few paces to the left, w r e arrive at CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE. *** The Porter's Lodge is the first room on the right on entering the quadrangle. This College is opposite to the south side of Oriel. The entrance to Corpus, as it is usually * Painted at the expense of the members of the Hall, as a compliment to their Principal, who, in 1815, was presented to a Canonry of Christ Church ; a fine engraving was taken from this portrait, also at the expense of this Society. O 158 CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE. — LIBRARY. called, is under a square tower, in the front of which are three unoccupied niches, with rich canopies, The quadrangle is 101 feet by 80. In the centre of it is a curious cylindrical dial, constructed in 1605, by Charles Turnbull, M.A. and Fellow. On the south side of this quad- rangle is a statue of the Founder, with the cro- sier and the mitre. In 1706, the Fellows' building was erected on the site of the old clois- ters. It is 119 feet in front, and is a beautiful piece of architecture. The central pediment is supported by four plain Ionic pilasters ; and the basement story, being devoid of rustic work, heightens the elegant simplicity of the elevation. The front is opposite to the Wide Walk of Christ Church. Several rooms on the east side of the College, next to Merton Grove, were taken down in 1737, and rebuilt for the resi- dence of Gentlemen Commoners. The Chapel, which was built by the Foun- der, remained in its original state until 1676, when it was fitted up as it now appears. The inner Chapel is 70 feet in length, and 25 in breadth. The altar-piece is a very fine painting of The Adoration, by Rubens, presented to the College, in 1804, by the late Sir Richard Worsley, Bart, formerly a member of the So- ciety. It originally belonged to the Prince of Conde, and cost Sir Richard 2500/. In the inner Chapel is an ancient brass eagle reading desk, presented to the Society by Dr. Clay- mond, the first President. The inner and outer Chapels contain various monuments to perpe- tuate the memory of distinguished members of the College. The cloister, which now serves as a place of sepulture, was erected by Dr. Turner, in 1700. The Library, which is on the south side of the quadrangle, is in its ancient state. The CORPUS CHR1STI COLLEGE. 159 roof appears to be a continuation of that of the Chapel, and the west end, which looks down on the Chapel, is furnished as a pew for the President's family. The screen over the door is ornamented with the arms of the Founder, and at the upper and lower ends are two an- cient portraits of him. There is another, after he had lost his sight, in the gallery which leads from the President's Lodgings to the Chapel. In the same gallery are the portraits of the seven Bishops who were committed to the Tower by James II. These interesting pictures were pre- sented to the College a few years ago, by Dr. Ireland, of Headington, near Oxford. This Library possesses a treasure of curious printed books and manuscripts both on vellum and paper. Among the manuscripts is an ancient History of the Bible, in French, beautifully illu- minated, in 2 volumes folio, given by General Oglethorpe. The Aldine Classics, collected by the Founder; the manuscripts of the antiquaries, Brian Twyneand Fulman ; the edition of Cicero de Officii*, printed on vellum, in 1466, and many other articles are of great value. Bishop Fox, the Founder; Bishop Oldham; Claymond; Dr. liainolds ; Brian Twyne ; Dr. Turner ; John Rosewell, B.D.; William Creed, a Fellow; Dr. Hallifax, a Fellow; Henry Hare, Baron of Coleraine ; Dr. Bentham, and Dr. Randolph, who was President from 1748 to 1783, were all benefactors to this valuable Library. This College can, w r ith New College, boast of possessing the crosier of its Founder. Although upwards of 300 years old, it is in the highest state of preservation, every part of it being as perfect as when it came from the hands of the maker. It is of silver gilt, very richly orna- mented, and about six feet in length. There are also preserved in this College the golden sacra- o 2 160 CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE. HALL. mental plate of the Founder; his salt-cellar of silver-gilt, curiously ornamented; his rings; cru- cifixes, and other articles of great rarity. The Hall, which is on the east side of the quadrangle, was built during the life of the Founder, but has since undergone many altera- tions. It is very neatly fitted up. The fine carved work is much admired. Its dimensions are 50 feet by 25. In this refectory are por- traits of the Right Hon. Lord Tenterden, Lord Chief Justice of England, by Owen ; the Right Rev. Thomas Burgess, Bishop of Salisbury, also by Owen ; Fox, Bishop of Winchester, the Founder ; Hugh Oldham, Bishop of Exeter ; Lord Stowell; the Right Rev.Dr.Copleston, Bi- shop of Llandaff, and of T.G. B. Estcourt,D.C.L. one of the Representatives of the University. In 1814, when the Sovereigns visited Oxford, the King of Prussia resided in the Lodgings of Dr. Cooke, the late venerable President of the College. In the Common Room is a fine bust, by Chantrey, of Dr. King, Bishop of Rochester, formerly a member of this Society. This College was founded in 1516, by Richard Fox, Bi- shop of Winchester, and Lord Privy Seal. The benefactors to it, in addition to the liberal provision made by the Founder, were Hugh Oldham, Bishop of Exeter, who gave 6000 marks, besides lands ; William Frost, of Avington, in Hampshire ; John Claymond, the first President ; Arthur Parsons, M.A. who, in 1693, gave 3000/, for the purchase of advowsons; Cuthbert Ellison, who died in 1718, and left 500/. for the same purpose, and several other persons at dif- ferent periods of time. The foundation consists of a Presi- dent, 20 Fellows, 20 Scholars, 4 Exhibitioners, and 2 Chap- lains. The number of members is about 130. Visitor — The Bishop of Winchester. On leaving Corpus Christi College, we turn on the right, pass by the Grove which separates MERTON COLLEGE. — CHAPEL. 16 I Corpus from Merton, proceed a short distance, and enter ^° MERTON COLLEGE. *** The Porter's Lodge is under the entrance gateway, on the left hand. The entrance, with the embattled tower, was erected in the early part of the fifteenth century. The subject of the ancient sculpture over the Centre of the gate, is by some antiquaries stated to be the history of St. John the Baptist, and a relick of the church dedicated to that saint, which Stood on or near the spot on which Merton now stands. The statues under the rich Gothic ca- nopies are those of King Henry III. and the Founder. The first quadrangle is formed by the east end of the Chapel, part of the Hall, the Warden's Lodgings, and apartments for the members. The second quadrangle is 110 feet by 100. At the south end of it is the entrance into the Gar- den, in w T hich is a fine terrace formed on part of the City wall, whence there is a view of Mer- ton Fields, and the Wide Walk of Christ Church. This Garden has very recently been much im- proved in its appearance; particularly by throw- ing open the view of the Warden's garden, and the east end of the inner quadrangle. The Chapel of this College is now particu- larly deserving of notice, in consequence of the alterations and improvements made by Mr. Evans, in 1823, under the direction of the late Warden and Fellows, and Robert Morrell, Esq. their Steward. The ante-chapel, for these last 150 years, was wainscotted with very old beautifully carved wood-work, in the Grecian and Gothic order, taken, it is supposed, from the inner chapel. At each end were two large o 3 162 MERTON COLLEGE. — CHAPEL. screens, which in part prevented the sight of the beautiful windows, and entirely hid the archi- tecture of the north entrance, and a very an- cient and curious monument, used in the Catho- lic times, at the south end. On removing these wainscots and screens, one of the wedges having been drawn from the wall, shewed the lower part of a small column of stone, which induced an opinion that the same column supported an arch on each side of the grand west window. This conjecture proved correct, for Mr. Evans discovered, and has now, with the approbation of the College, displayed to view two beautiful arches, supported by columns; forming alto- gether a complete body of grand columns to support the tower of this Chapel ;* and, were one other improvement to take place — were the architect's original design restored by removing the ceiling which now forms a belfry, it would display the ancient and well-conceived roof of superb Gothic, but simple carved work, un- equalled in this University. This Chapel exhibits a very fine specimen of Gothic architecture. The north window, in the ante-chapel, contains two ranges of seven lights;; the windows of the choir display no common splendour of painted glass, in the representation of saints, martyrs, and associated decorations; but the pride of the Chapel is the eastern win- dow, which possesses uncommon beauty, from the proportion of its parts, the fancy of its tracery, and the attractive effect of its whole design. It is a most exquisite specimen of fine * This discovery confirms the opinion of many antiquaries that the architect, (Thomas Rodbume, Bishop of St. David's, who died about 1442,) originally meant to have erected a much more extensive edifice, on the cathedral plan ; but that l*e was enabled tojcomplete only the choir, (the longest of any m Oxford^ except New College) and the cross aisle* MERTON COLLEGE. — CHAPEL. 163 taste, and is called the Catharine Wheel win- dow, one of the only three now in England. From its situation in this chaste and perfect Gothic Chapel, it may certainly be considered as the finest in the kingdom ; although it is said by some artists that its height is not in due pro- portion with its breadth. Its paintings, which represent the principal events of the life of Christ, in six compartments, were executed in the year 1700, by W. Price. The ancient tapestry, representing the history of Ahasuerus and Esther, as related in the Bible, has lately been cleaned, and its bright colours in some measure restored. Near the altar are the mo- numents of Sir Thomas Bodley, the Founder of the University Library, and of Sir Henry Savile, which is honorary, as he was buried at Eton College. In the ante- chapel is a monumental inscription to the memory of Anthony Wood, who was a member of this Society; also the monuments of Henry Jackson, Nathaniel Wight, Richard Lydall, John Whitfield, and many others. The one to the memories of Dr. Wintle and his sister, on the right of the entrance to the choir, is neatly executed. At the entrance to the choir, generally hidden by a mat, is the fine monumental cross, so much eulogized by Gough and Chalmers. In the ante-chapel, under the west window, a monument has recently been erected to the memory of Dr. Vaughan, the late Warden. This Chapel is in the parish of St. John Baptist, the church of which belonged originally to Reading Abbey, whose members gave it to Walter de Merton, in 1265. It was afterwards appropriated to the use of the Scho- lars of Merton, and made a collegiate parish church. At the end of the 14th century it was taken down, and the present Chapel built on its site; the north aisle of which was allotted to the 164? MERTON COLLEGE.— TOWER. parish for the sepulture of its deceased, and a Chaplain of Merto'n has always performed the church offices of baptizing, marrying, and bury- ing the dead. With all due deference and respect, we ven- ture to suggest to the consideration of the So- ciety, the propriety of still further improving this fine structure, by removing the false ceiling, which hides the upper part of the east window f lowering the pavement at the communion table to nearly the level of the pavement in the outer chapel ; taking away the tapestry, and all the monuments near the altar, also the screen and the wainscot on each side; thus restoring the columns, wallsj and windows, to their original state. With these improvements this Chapel would become one of the greatest ornaments of the University; and, for its simplicity and chaste elegance, not inferior to any building of the kind in Europe. Very great improvements have lately been made in the Grove and Church- yard. The Tower, which rises from the centre of the cross aisle, the external panelling and pin- nacles of which are supposed to have been added by Rodburne, is not only a beautiful structure in itself, but bears its full proportion to the magnificence which Oxford displays when viewed from a distance. The near view of it is from the Grove, the foliage of which gives it a more sequestered air than when seen from the points in its vicinity, where buildings are blend- ed with it. The best view of it, with the fine north window of the Chapel, is from the bottom of Magpie-lane. The tower contains eight fine- toned bells. The University Sermon is preached in the Chapel on St. Philip and St. James. To the south of the Chapel is the old quad- rangle, in which is the Library, by far the MERTON COLLEGE. — HALL. 165 most ancient in the University. It contains many curious manuscripts, and some valu- able printed books, among which is Caxton's Chaucer. The Hall is between the first and second quadrangles. It is a large room with little deco- ration. In the windows, some of the ancient arms are still preserved ; the door is very an- cient, and the hinges are made to spread over it in a kind of flourishing ornament, which was the mode before panels were introduced in the 14th century. This refectory contains the por- trait of the Founder, the gift of Dr. Berdmore, when Warden ; also portraits of the Hon. Shute Barrington, late Bishop of Durham ; and the late Mr. Justice Rooke, who both were Fellows of this College. Below the portrait of the Founder is a Latin inscription, on an elegant white marble tablet, to commemorate the cir- cumstance of the Emperor of Russia and his sister having taken up their residence at this College, when they visited the University in 1814. They resided in the Warden's Lodgings, which have lately been refitted in a most splen- did manner. In the Hall of these elegant Lodgings is placed a very large and most superb Vase, of Siberian Jasper, presented to the War- den and Fellows by the late Emperor of Russia, as a token of gratitude for the hospitable recep- tion he met with in this College. On one side is the following inscription : — " Collegii Merto- nensis Custodi Sociisque VV. Doctissimis et Sanctissimis a quibus cum Oxonium inviseret liberali Hospitio receptus erat hoc Vas e Lapide Siberiano factum memoris gratique Animi Spe- cimen D. D. Alexander omnium Russiarum Imperator Anno Sacro mdcccxvi." On the opposite side is the same inscription in the Russian language. The first Common Room 166 ALBAN HALL. known in the University was fitted up at this College, in the year 1661. Merton College is one of the most ancient in the Univer- sity. It was first founded at Maiden, in Surrey, 1264, and removed to Oxford in 1274, by Walter de Mertou, Bishop of Rochester, and Lord High Chancellor of England. In 1380, Dr. Willyott gave Exhibitions for the maintenance of 12 Postmasters, (Portionistce,)to whom were afterwards added two by John Chamber, Fellow of Eton, and Canon of Wind- sor, to be elected from Eton College. The present founda- tion consists of a Warden, 24 Fellows, 14 Postmasters, 4 Scholars, 2 Chaplains, and 2 Clerks. The number of mem- bers on the books is usually about 130. Visitor — The Archbishop of Canterbury. Adjoining to Merton College, on the east, is ALBAN HALL. *** The Porters Lodge is at the end of the Court, on the left. It derives its name from Robert de St. Alban, who was a citizen of Oxford, and gave a tene- ment to the Nuns at Littlemore, in 1230. On the Dissolution of Littlemore Nunnery, it was given by Henry VIII. to Dr. Owen, of Merton College, who conveyed it to Lord Williams, of Thame, and Sir John Gresham. It was after- wards assigned to John Pollard and Robert Perot, Esqrs. in 154?7 5 who transferred it to the Warden and Fellows of Merton College. It was some time after established as an Acade- mical Hall. The usual number of members on the books, including a Principal and Vice-Prin- cipal, is upwards of 40. Visitor — The Chancellor of the University. HIGH-STREET. 167 Our walk through the University and City terminates at Alban Hall. Opposite to this Hall is a lane, called Logic-lane, which leads into the High-street, opposite to Queen's Col- lege, and not far from the Angel Inn. THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. Persons who have not been educated in an English University, are but little acquainted with many of the terms made use of in this Description of Oxford. Strangers are often puzzled with names, which, though familiar to the inhabitants of Oxford, are to them incomprehensible; and the answers they receive to their inquiries on this subject are seldom calculated to give them the information they require. To render this Guide as complete and useful as possible, we subjoin a short account of the Government, Dresses, and different Ranks of the Members of the University, with some observations on the Manners and Customs of this most respect- able body. — Those who wish for a minute and very correct detail of the nature of the different official situations, and the names of the persons who fill them, may have their curiosity amply gratified by a reference to the Oxford Calendar, which is pub- lished annually. It contains a List of all the Livings in the Patronage of the University ; the Counties from which Fellows, Scholars, &c. are elected ; the names of all the Members, with their rank ; and, indeed, every thing which can be useful and in- teresting to those who intend entering their sons or relatives at Oxford, and to strangers who occasion- ally visit it. The University^ a corporate body, described through a succession of ages by the style or title of the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the Uni- versity of Oxford. It is governed by statutes of its own making. The whole business of the University, in its corporate capacity, is transacted in two dis- tinct assemblies, technically termed " Houses;" viz. — the House of Congregation, and the House of Convocation. HOUSE OF CONGREGATION. 169 The Chancellor, or the Vice-Chancellor, or, in his absence, one of his four deputies, and the two Proctors, or, in their absence, their respective de- puties, preside in both Houses, where on all occa- sions their presence is indispensably requisite. The House of Congregation wholly consists of Reg e tits : either of necessary Regents, or Regents ad placitum. By the phrase necessary Regents, the Statutes designate all Doctors of every faculty, and Masters of Arts during the first year of their Re- gency, that is, from a period commencing at the Act subsequent to their respective degrees, and ter- minating at the succeeding Act ; although anciently the necessary Regency included the space of two entire years: a space, which custom, previously to the original digest of the Statutes, had long con- sented to abridge. By Regents ad placitum , are meant all persons of the following descriptions, who have gone through the year of their necessary Re- gency in Arts ; viz. ail Doctors of every faculty, resident in the University ; all Heads of Colleges and Halls, and, in their absence, their deputies; all Professors and Public Lecturers; the Masters of the Schools ; the Public Examiners ; the Deans and Censors of Colleges ; and all other Masters of Arts, during the second year of their Regency ; a general Dispensation annually passing to conclude all necessary Regencies with the first year. The House of Convocation, or, as it is some- times called, the Great Congregation, consists both of Regents and Non-Regents : but the right of sitting and voting in that House is confined by the Statutes to persons of the following descriptions :— 1. The Chancellor, or Vice-Chancellor, and the two Proctors, or their deputies. 2. Doctors in Divinity, Medicine, or Civil Law, who are necessary Regents; and Masters of Arts, during the first year of their necessary Regency. 3. Heads of Colleges and Halls, and their depu- ties, and Members of the foundation of any College ; who have at any time been Regents. 170 HOUSE OF CONVOCATION. 4. Doctors in Divinity, Medicine, or Law, living- with their families within the precincts of the Uni- versity ; and Professors and Public Lecturers, who have at any time been Regents; provided always that they have performed the exercises required of them by the Statutes, and paid all fees which are due to the University, and to its officers. These conditions are indeed in all cases indispensable, and, without fulfilling them, no one, be his situation what it may, can exercise the right of voting in Convocation. 5. Convictores, as the Statute calls them, that is, all persons not belonging to the foundation of any College or Hall, who have at any time been Re- gents, and whose names have been constantly kept on the books of some College or Hall, from the time of their admission to the Degree of Master of Arts, or Doctors in either of the three faculties, re- spectively. Persons who have migrated from one College or Hall, in the manner prescribed by the Statutes, and have been admitted in some other College or Hall within the space of three months, are deemed to have had their names constantly on the books, provided that during this interval they have not avoided any exercise or other burden which the University re- quires to be borne by its members. Doctors and Masters of Arts, who have ceased to be Members of the University, and afterwards return to it, or who have been incorporated from Cambridge or Dublin, after a personal residence of one hundred and eighty days within the year, on pro- ducing to the Vice- Chancellor, in Congregation or Convocation, a certificate of such residence from the Head of their College or Hall, may claim to be admitted into the House; and, after their admis- sion, may continue to enjoy the privilege of voting, so long as their names remain on the books of some College or Hall, and they comply with the condi- tions above stated. The same privilege may also be enjoyed, on the same conditions, by persons who BUSINESS OF CONVOCATION. l?l have been admitted to the degree of Master of Arts, or Doctor in either of the three faculties, by Diploma, or by Decree of Convocation; but not by those who have been admitted merely to Honorary Degrees. The number of Regents required to make a Con- gregation is Nine at the least, besides the Vice- Chancellor and Proctors; but for a Convocation, no particular number of members is required. The Business of Congregation is principally confined to the passing of Graces and Dispensa- tions, and to the granting of Degrees. Upon all questions submitted to the House, the Vice-Chan- cellor singly, and the two Proctors jointly, possess the power of an absolute negative. In the sole in- stance of supplicating for Graces, but in no other, every Member of the House is invested, in addition to his general right of suffrage, with a suspending negative upon each Grace for three times, as the Grace is proposed, in three distinct Congregations ; but previously to the fourth supplication, he is re- quired to state privately to the Vice- Chancellor and Proctors the ground and proof of his objection, which are subsequently submitted to the judgment of the House for approbation or rejection. All suf- frages for or against Graces and Dispensations in Congregation, are to be whispered secretly in the ear of the Proctor ; by a majority of which, given in the words placet or non placet, the fate of the measure is ultimately determined. The Business of Convocation is unlimited, extending to all subjects connected with the credit, interest, and welfare of the University. In the exercise, however, of one particular branch of its privileges, and that certainly a very important one, viz. the enacting of new, or the explaining of old Statutes, some restriction is prescribed. If the Sta- tute to be explained be a Royal, or, as it is com- monly called, a Caroline Statute, the Royal per- mission is first to be obtained. If it be deemed adviseable to enact de novo, or to explain any, ex- p 2 172 ELECTIONS. cept a Royal Statute, it is ordained that the mea- sure shall be previously referred to the Hebdomadal Meeting of the Heads of Houses ; and this Meeting, if on deliberation it approve of the measure, draws up the terms in which it is to be promulgated in the House of Congregation, and, three days after, proposed in Convocation. As in Congregation, so also in Convocation, the Chancellor or Vice-Chancellor singly, and the two Proctors jointly, are officially invested with an absolute negative upon all proceedings, except in Elections. In both Houses, when the negative of the Vice- Chancellor, or of the Proctors, is not interposed, (an interposition almost as rare as the Royal Veto in Parliament,) every question is decided by the majority. All elections (except for Members of Parliament) are made by a private scrutiny in writing, in which the Vice-Chancellor presides, and the two Proctors are scrutators ; and before they proceed to an elec- tion for any Professor, Lecturer, or Officer, the Act of the 31st of Elizabeth, and the Statute de Elec- tionibus, are read, and the Vice- Chancellor admi- nisters an oath to the Proctors, that they will make a faithful scrutiny ; that they will not influence the nomination of any one; and that they will pro- nounce the person elected, on whom the major part of the votes shall happen to fall. Each elector then takes an oath, that he will only vote once in the scrutiny ; that he will nominate a person whom he knows, or firmly believes, to be duly qualified for the office; and that he will do this without any reward, or expectation of reward. After the Vice- Chancellor and Proctors have voted, all Doctors and Masters are admitted to poll according to seni- ority, if possible ; the Proctors sitting on each side of the Vice- Chancellor, and receiving the votes. — When the poll begins to slacken, the superior Bedel of Arts makes three proclamations, (one at the end of each quarter of an hour,) then the poll is cast up CHANCELLOR AND VICE-CHANCELLOR. 173 by the Proctors, and, after they have burned the papers, the election is pronounced. Should there be two or more who have an equal number of votes, the senior of them is elected, if they are Graduates ; but if not, the Chancellor's or Vice-Chancellor's approbation decides the election ; and the person elected, if present, is immediately admitted. For the better government of the University, there is also an Hebdomadal Meetixg of the Heads of Houses, who meet every Monday, and at other times when convened by the Vice- Chan- cellor. This Meeting consists of the Vice-Chan - cellor, Heads of Houses, and Proctors, who are empowered to deliberate upon all matters relating to the preservation of the privileges and liberties of the University, and to inquire into, and consult re- specting, the due observance of Statutes and Cus- toms. And in all cases, whenever it appears to them that any particular measure would contribute to the literary improvement, the good government, the credit, or the advantage of the University, they have authority to deliberate upon it, in order that it may undergo a grave and serious discussion before it be proposed in Congregation, and decreed in Con- vocation. All the letters, likewise, of the Chancel- lor, in the case of Dispensations, which are addressed to Convocation, must, previously to a recital in the House, be sanctioned by their approbation. The highest officer in the University is the Chan- cellor, whose station is of great dignity, and is al- ways filled by a distinguished Nobleman who has been a member of the University. At first his election was for one, two, or three years ; but after- wards his office became perpetual. The Chancellor is elected by the votes of all members of Convoca- tion. The Chancellor does not attend the meetings of the University, except at his installation, and in case of royal visits. The Chancellor's Deputy is styled Vice- Chancel- lor. He is always the Head of a College, and is nominated by the Chancellor, and approved by p 3 174 HIGH STEWARD AND PROCTORS. Convocation. He appoints four assistants, or Pro^ Vice- Chancellors, who are Heads of Colleges. His office is annual, though generally held four years, by new yearly nominations. The Vice- Chancellor is the highest resident officer of the University.— His situation is one of great dignity and responsi- bility : to him is consigned the superintendence of the University ; he watches over the due observ- ance of every regulation ; he convenes Congrega- tions, Convocations, and Courts. He is a Magis- trate of the University, the County and City of Oxford, and the County of Berks. In all academic processions, the Esquire and Yeomen Bedels walk before him with their gold and silver staves ; and a Yeoman Bedel is in constant attendance on him, — At all meetings of Convocation, even at the annual Commemoration in the Theatre, the Vice->Chancel- lor and Proctors remain covered during the whole of the ceremony. The office of High Steward is appointed by the Chancellor, but must be approved by the Convoca- tion, and continues for life. This office is always held by a Nobleman. He is to assist the Chancel- lor, Vice- Chancellor, and Proctors* in the execution of their respective duties, and to defend the rights, customs, and liberties of the University. The office of Proctor is accompanied with great authority in the University, as it confers the power to inspect the conduct of its members, and to take cognizance of and punish all offences committed without the walls of a College. The Proctors are two Masters of Arts, of at least four years standing, and not more than ten, who are chosen annually out of the several Colleges by turns. They each nominate two Masters of Arts of any College or Hall, to be their respective deputies, who are called Pro-Proctors, and, if necessary, they may appoint additional ones. The University sends two Representatives to Parliament, chosen, by Doctors and Regent Masters in Convocation, from those who are or have been MEMBERS OF THE UNIVERSITY. 175 members of their body. The election of these Members should serve as a model to all other places in the kingdom. The Candidates are put to no expense ; their merits are duly weighed previ- ously to their nomination ; and they may be con- sidered as placed in their seats for life, unless they should be promoted to a peerage, or be found inat- tentive to the interests and welfare of the nation. In the University are many Professors and Lec- turers, a list of whom is given at the beginning of this Description of Oxford. A Public Orator is chosen by Convocation, who retains the situation during his life. He writes let- ters and addresses on public occasions, presents those on whom the honorary degree of Master of Arts is conferred, and delivers the annual Creweian Oration alternately with the Professor of Poetry. Before we commence our account of the Mem- bers of the University, it is necessary to point out to strangers the difference between Colleges and Halls. Colleges are all endowed with estates, and are incorporated bodies ; Halls are not so, although some of them have exhibitions towards the mainte- nance of certain Students. The Principals, or Heads of the Halls, receive annual rents for the chambers inhabited by the Students, who live at their own expense* The Chancellor of the University has the disposal of the Headships of all the Halls, except that of St. Edmund Hall, which is in the appoint- ment of the Provost and Fellows of Queen's Col- lege. With respect to every academical privilege, the members of Halls stand precisely on the same footing with those of Colleges. Their discipline, course of studies, length of residence, examinations, degrees, dress, and expenses are the same as in the Colleges. w Every College and Hall has a Governor, whose nominal distinctions vary. They are called in dif- ferent Colleges, Dean, Rector, Provost, Warden, 176 MEMBERS OF THE UNIVERSITY. President, Master, and Principal. The Heads of / Halls are called Principals. The Members of the University may be divided into two classes : those on the foundation, commonly called Dependent Members : and those not on the foundation, termed Independent Members, The De- pendent Members derive emolument from the re- venue of their Societies, and on some of them the management and discipline of the whole body devolve. The Independent Members consist of such per- sons as repair to the University for their education and degrees; but who, as they have no claim on the estate of the Society to which they belong, so they possess no voice nor authority in its manage- ment ; and during their residence in a College or Hall, they are supported at their own expense. The Dependent Members, or Members on the foundation, are as follow : — The Head of ike College; the Fellows 9 (called Students at Christ Church ;) the Scholars, (called Demies at Magdalen, and Postmasters at Merlon ;) Chaplains and Bible Clerks. Under the head of Members on the Foundation, may also be included the College officers, who are chosen from among the Fellows ; and some of the servants hereafter mentioned. The Head of a College, (except in the instance of Christ Church, where the Dean is nominated by the Crown ; and Worcester, where the Provost is appointed by the Chancellor of the University,) is chosen by the Fellows, from those who are or have been Fellows of the Society. The qualifications for Fellowships vary in almost ^ every Society. The Fellows are, according to the ^ statutes of the College, or the will of the Founder, elected from certain public schools, and admitted on their arrival in Oxford ; or they are young men, who, having studied and distinguished themselves in other Colleges, offer themselves as Candidates, and are selected by the votes of the Fellows. In MEMBERS OF THE UNIVERSITY. 177 >ome Societies they are confined to the natives of particular counties, or elected from the Scholars; and, in others, the kindred of the Founder have peculiar privileges. The Fellows, in conjunction with the Head of the College, are, in all cases, the directors of the internal regulation of their Society, and the managers of its property and estates; and from among this body the Church Preferment at- tached to every College is distributed, according to seniority, as a vacancy occurs. The Scholars are, in a few Colleges, Probationary Fellows, although, in some others, the attainment of a Scholarship is attended with no other beneficial consequence than the receipt of a stated annual sum towards the education of the person who holds it- Strangers are often perplexed with the terms Scholar and Student, and sometimes apply them indiscrimi- nately to all members of the University. For their information, we repeat, that by a Scholar is meant the person who holds the rank above mentioned ; and that a Student is one of the 101 members of that name at Christ Church, whose rank is similar to that of Fellow of other Colleges. The Chaplain has a stipend, and generally cham- bers and provisions in his College. His duty con- sists in the performance of divine service in the Chapel. A Bible Clerk performs a different duty in various Colleges, and his stipend, and the fund from which it arises, differ in like manner. He is required to attend the service of the Chapel, and to deliver in a list of the absent Under- Graduates to the officer appointed to enforce the discipline of the College. Exhibitioners, although not on the foundation, may be reckoned amongst the Dependent Members, as they receive from particular schools, from the bequest of private persons, or from the Colleges themselves, a stipend, which assists in supporting them during their collegiate residence. — Many of the London Companies have Exhibitions of this de- scription in their gift. 178 MEMBERS OF THE UNIVERSITY. The Servitors also may be considered as Depend- ent Members, having certain emoluments from their Society, whilst they enjoy all the benefits of a collegiate education. In each College one of the Fellows is appointed to superintend its management during the absence of the Head. He takes his title from that of the Governor of the College, Vice-President, Sub- Rector, &)C. The Tutors undertake the direction of the clas- sical, mathematical, and other studies of the junior members ; they prepare them for the Public Exa- minations, and furnish them with advice and assist- ance in other respects; many of the Under-Gra- duates have also private Tutors. The office of Dean (or Censor of Christ Church,) consists in the due preservation of the College dis- cipline. He also presents the candidates for de- grees in Arts, in the House of Convocation. The Bursar receives the rents from the estates and other property belonging to the College; he disburses all sums necessary for the expenses of the Society, and pays the stipends of the Fellows'* Scholars, &c. He is generally assisted by another officer, entitled Junior Bursar. In the Colleges that have Choirs, the Singing Clerks, Choristers, and Organists, may also be reckoned among the Dependent Members. The established College Servants are the Butler , who has the care of the books in which the names of the members are entered, the College plate, &c. aud who delivers out bread, beer, butter, and cheese ; the Manciple, who purchases the provisions ; the Cook, and the Porter ; also the Barber, or Tonsor, who was formerly of considerable consequence ; so much so, that to this day the Vice-Chancellor and Proctors entertain the Fraternity, which is an incor- porated Company, with an annual supper, at their apartments. No barber nor hair-dresser can practise his trade in the University, unless he be matricu- lated; that is, unless his name be entered in the book UNIVERSITY DEGREES. 179 of the University, before the Vice-Chancellor, when he takes the oath of matriculation* The Independent Members are Noblemen ; Gentle- men Commoner a (at Worcester College called Fellow Commoners ;) and Commoners. The Noblemen are Peers and sons of Peers of England, Scotland, and Ireland. In proceeding to their degrees, they submit to the same forms, and undergo the same examinations, as every other member of the University. Gentlemen Commoners are young men of family and fortune, who are educated at their own expense. The fees, &c. of a Nobleman and Gentleman Com- moner are higher than those of a Commoner. A Commoner is a young gentleman who resides in the University at his own expense. It may be proper to observe, that all members of the University are placed on the same footing with regard to discipline, and that neither rank nor riches can, in the slightest degree, tolerate any infringe- ment of the statutes, nor advance their possessors to academical distinctions, in the absence of the real, substantial claim, of literary merit. UNIVERSITY DEGREES. The first degree taken in the University is that of Bachelor of Arts ; for this a residence of sixteen I * Every Member of the University, and every person who enjoys the privileges of that body, must be matriculated. The Member, at his entrance, appears before the Vice-Chan- cellor, describes his rank in life ; that is, whether he be the son of a Nobleman, a Baronet, a Gentleman, or a Plebeian, and pays a matriculation fee accordingly. He then sub- scribes to the XXXIX Articles ; and if he be sixteen years ot age, takes the oaths of allegiance and supremacy, and swears to observe all the statutes, privileges, and customs of the University. The oath at the matriculation of a privi- leged person, not a member of any College or Hall, is as follows : — " You shall swear to observe all statutes, privi- leges, and customs of this University. You shall further swear, that you will never sue in any cause of yours before the Mayor and Bailiffs of this town, nor answer before them as your Judge, as long as you continue to enjoy the privi- leges of the University." ^ 180 UNIVERSITY DEGREES. f Terms is necessary, Michaelmas and Hilary Terms requiring six weeks', Easter and Trinity three weeks' residence, according to the regulations of the University ; for the Colleges vary as to the time they require their own members to reside, but in no case can it fall short of the period prescribed by the Uni- versity. As the Term in which any one is matri- culated, and that in which he takes his Degree, are excepted, and two more are dispensed with by Con- gregation, the residence may, in point of fact, be stated at twelve Terms. The sons of the English, Scotch, and Irish Peers, and the eldest sons of Baronets and Knights, when matriculated as such, and not on the foundation of any College, are allowed to have their Degrees after having com- pleted three years. Previously to admission to this Degree, it is necessary to undergo two Examina- tions : the first termed Responsions ; the second, a Public Examination. Responsions must be per- formed from the sixth to the ninth Term inclusive, when the Examination is in the Classics, and Logic or the Elements of Euclid. After entering the fourth year of residence, the candidate must be publicly examined in the Rudiments of Religion, ) including a knowledge of the Gospels in the origi- nal Greek, the Classics, Rhetoric, Moral Philo- sophy, Logic, and Latin Composition, to which the candidate may add Mathematics and Natural Phi- losophy. If the candidates distinguish themselves, they are placed, according to their merit, in the first, second, third, or fourth class, and their names published. The list, which is alphabetical, points out whether a candidate excelled in the Literce Hu- maniores, (Classics, &c.) or in the Discipline Ma- thematics et Physiece, (Mathematics and Natural Philosophy,) and it is by no means a rare case to find the same name placed in the first class of both the honourable columns. The fifth class consists of such as have not distinguished themselves in their Examination, and their names are not published. The Examinations take place in the Schools, before UNIVERSITY DRESSES. 181 the Examining Masters, who are always gentlemen eminent for their learning. A Bachelor is entitled to his Degree of Master of Arts twelve Terms after j the regular time for taking his first Degree, without any further examination. One Term of interme- diate residence, comprising one-and-twenty days, is all that is requisite. A Student in Civil Law undergoes the same Ex- amination as that for Bachelor of Arts, previously to his being admitted Bachelor of Civil Law. The number of Terms to be kept for this Degree is } twenty-eight, which, by dispensation, may be re- duced to seventeen. A Bachelor of Divinity receives his Degres seven years from the time of his Regency, which is taken ' out the first Act after his Master's Degree. The Act is the first Tuesday in July. No one is entitled to vote in the University until he has taken his Regency. A Doctor of Divinity, four years after his Degree of Bachelor of Divinity ; a Doctor in Civil Law, five years from his Bachelor's Degree ; a Bachelor in Medicine, one year fram his Regency ; a Doctor in Medicine, three years after his Degree of Bachelor. If the time be completed, the Decrees of Bachelor and Doctor may be taken on the same day. For the Degree of Bachelor and Doctor of Music, no examination in the Schools is necessary, as for other Degrees ; but the candidates prepare a com- position, which, being previously examined and approved of by the Professor of Music, is publicly performed in the Music School, before the Vice-? Chancellor, and other Officers of the University, with such of the members as think proper to attend, UNIVERSITY DRESSES. Graduates. — The Doctor in Divinity has three dresses : the first consists of a gown of scarlet cloth, with black velvet sleeves and facings, a cassock, sash, and scarf. This dress is worn on all public occasions in the Theatre, in public processions, and 182 UNIVERSITY DRESSES. on those Sundays and Holidays which are marked thus (*) in the Oxford CalenDx^r. The second is a habit of scarlet cloth, and a hood of the same colour, lined with black, and a black silk scarf: the Master of Arts' gown is worn under this dress, the sleeves appearing through the arm-holes of the habit. This is the dress of business ; it is used in Convocation, Congregation, at Morning Sermons at St. Mary's during Term, with the exception of the Morning Sermon on Quinquagesima Sunday, and the Morning Sermons in Lent. The third, which is the usual dress in which a Doctor in Di- vinity appears, is a Master of Arts' gown, with cas- sock, sash, and scarf. The Vice-Cbancelior and Heads of Colleges and Halls have no distinguishing dress ; but appear, on all occasions, as Doctors in the faculty to which they belong. The dresses worn by Graduates in Law and Physic are nearly the same. The Doctor has three ; the first is a gown of scarlet cloth, with sleeves and facings of pink silk, and a round black velvet cap. This is the dress of state. The second consists of a habit and hood of scarlet cloth, the habit faced, and the hood lined with pink silk. This habit, which is perfectly analagous to the se- cond dress of the Doctor in Divinity, has lately grown into disuse ; it is, however, retained by the Professors, and is always used in presenting to De- grees. The third, or common dress of a Doctor in Law or Physic, nearly resembles that of the Ba- chelor in these faculties ; it is a black silk gown, richly ornamented with black lace; the hood of the j Bachelor of Law (worn as a dress) is of purple silk j lined with white fur. The dress worn by the Doctor of Music on public occasions, is a rich white damask silk gown, with sleeves and facings of crimson satin, a hood of the same materials, and a round black velvet cap. The usual dresses of the Doctor and of the Bachelor in Music, are nearly the same as those of Law and Physic. UNIVERSITY DRESSES. 183 The Master of Arts wears a black gown, usually made of Prince's stuff or crape, with long sleeves, which are remarkable for the circular cut at the bottom. The arm comes through an aperture in the sleeve, which hangs down. The hood of a ! Master of Arts is black silk lined with crimson. The gown of a Bachelor of Arts is also usually made of Prince's stuff or crape. It has a full sleeve, looped up at the elbow, and terminating; in a point ; the dress hood is black, trimmed with h white fur. Noblemen and Gentlemen Commoners, who take the degrees of Bachelor and Master of Arts, wear their gowns of silk. Uxder-Graduates. — The Nobleman has two dresses ; the first, which is worn in the Theatre, in processions, and on all public occasions, is a gown of purple damask silk, richly ornamented with gold lace. The second is a black silk gown, with full sleeves ; it has a tippet attached to the shoulders. With both these dresses is worn a square cap of black velvet, with a gold tassel. The Gentleman Commoner has two gowns, both of black silk; the first, which is considered as a dress-gown, although worn on all occasions, at pleasure, is richly ornamented with tassels. The second, or undress gown, is ornamented with plaits at the sleeves. A square black velvet cap, with a silk tassel, is worn with both. The dress of Commoners is a gown of black Prince's stuff, without sleeves ; from each shoulder is appended a broad strip, which reaches to the bottom of the dress, and towards the top is gathered into plaits. Square cap of black cloth and silk tassel. The Student in Civil Law, or Civilian, wears a plain black silk gown, and square cloth cap, with silk tassel. Scholars, and Demies of Magdalen, Postmasters of Merton, and Students of Christ Church, who have not taken a degree, wear a plain black gown of Prince's stuff, with round full sleeves, half the 22 184 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. length of the gown, and a square black cap, with silk tassel. The dress of the Servitor is the same as that of the Commoner, but it has no plaits at the shoulder, and the cap is without a tassel. University Officers, distinguished by their dress, The dress of the Chancellor is of black damask silk, richly ornamented with gold embroidery, a rich lace band, and square velvet cap, with a large gold tassel. The Proctors wear gowns of Prince's stuff, the sleeves and facings of black velvet; to the left shoulder is affixed a small tippet. To this is added, as a dress, a large ermine hood. The Pro-Proctor wears a Master of Arts' gown, faced with velvet, with a tippet attached to the left shoulder. The Bedels are those who walk before the Vice- Chancellor in processions. There are three called Esquire Bedels, and three Yeomen Bedels. The Esquire Bedels, who carry the gold staves, wear silk gowns similar to those of Bachelors of Law, and round velvet caps. The Yeomen Bedels, who bear silver staves, have black stuff gowns, and round silk caps. The dress of the Verger, who walks first in pro- cessions, is nearly the same as that of the Yeoman Bedel. He carries a silver rod. The Vice- Chancellor never walks out without being preceded by a Yeoman Bedel, with his staff. Bands at the neck are considered as necessary appendages to the academic dress, particularly on all public occasions. Miscellaneous Observations. — The head of every Col- lege and Hall has his House, or, as it is usually called, his Lodgings, in or attached to the College or Hall which he go- verns. These Lodgings are suitable to the high rank of those who inhabit them, and are capable of containing a handsome establishment. Formerly a few Governors of Colleges were not permitted to marry; this prohibition no longer exists. MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. 185 The Governors dine with their Society in their Hall or ge- neral dining room, only on particular days, called Gaudies, or Feast Days. The Fellows cannot marry, nor succeed to a College Living; nor indeed to any other, beyond a certain value, without relinquishing their Fellowships. Students of Christ Church, as has been before observed, are similar to Fellows of other Colleges. Every member who resides in his College or Hall has a bed-room; and at least one sitting- room. The apartments in some of the Colleges are very ele- gant ; almost all the rooms are neat and comfortable. Those who have taken the degree of Bachelor of Arts, or who are nearly of the standing for that degree, are, if the College overflows, permitted to have lodgings in the City. After dinner, the Fellows retire to their Common Rooms, which are in general very handsome apartments.* In some of the Colleges there are Common Rooms for the Junior Members also. In all Colleges the Noblemen are entitled to be mem- bers of the senior Common Room, and in some, the Gentlemen Commoners have this privilege. Whatever might have been the case formerly, drinking to excess has long been unfashion- able in Oxford. Those who wish to shine in their examina- tions, or who would avoid being plucked^ must closely apply themselves to their studies j and this close application is in- compatible with dissipation of any kind. This will account to strangers for the great order and decorum which prevail in Oxford, even in full Term, when so many young men are assembled together. The only public amusements tolerated in the University are Concerts at the Music Room, and occasional Exhibitions, by permission of the Vice- Chancellor and the Mayor. Under- Graduates must rise early, in order to attend Chapel, and are not permitted to pass a night out of College. Unless they are in by a certain hour, their names are given to the Governor of the Society ; and a repetition of such irregula- rity would draw on them his displeasure. All gross offences against the Statutes are followed by expulsion from the L T ni- * " The first Common Room was fitted up in Merton Col- lege in 1661. Common Rooms made no part of the plan of the Founders. The progress of society towards communica- tive habits, interchange of sentiments, and mutual kindness, first produced meetings among the senior members of the Colleges, which were held by turns in each other's apart- ments ; and this yielded to the superior convenience of hav- ing a room in common, to which such members as contributed to the expense of its furniture, &c. might have access, and where strangers are entertained with elegant hospitality." Chalmers. t " Plucked" is a term used for those who cannot pass their examinations, and are, therefore, refused a testimonial, without which they cannot take a degree. 23 186 MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. versity 5 minor offences are punished by Rustication, which is a banishment from the University for a certain length of time; and those of a more trivial nature, by fines, or by lite- rary tasks, here termed Impositions. Bachelors of Arts and Under-Graduates of every description are compelled by the Statutes to wear their academical dresses whenever they ap- pear in the streets, or in the public walks of the University. The usual dinner hour of Oxford is five ; at some Colleges it is later. Under-Graduates are not allowed to dine at Inns and Coffee-houses. If ill, they are permitted to take their dinner in their own apartments. The Hall, as before mentioned, is the regular dining room of every Society. The servants of the College, who wait on the members, are called Bedmakers and Scouts. Noblemen and Gentlemen of rank and fortune usually have each a pri- vate servant. BLENHEIM, THE SEAT OF HIS GRACE STfje EUtfet of i^!arHjorougt), Those who are desirous of becoming acquainted with all the beauties of this enchanting Palace, its Park and Pleasure Grounds, may have their wishes amply gratified by reading the " Description of Blenheim," written by a Gentleman of well-known literary fame. Blenheim is at a very short distance from Woodstock, and about eight miles from Oxford, The house may be viewed from two o'clock until four, except on Sundays and public days. On Woodstock Fair-Days it can be seen by permission only. The Theatre, Titian Room, China Gallery, Park, and Pleasure Grounds, may be seen at any time, except on Sundays. Strangers who wish to view the beauties of this delightful spot, are recom- mended to commence their walk or their ride round the Park, and their walk through the Gar^ dens, as early as they conveniently can ; for the admirers of the sublime and the beautiful in nature and art will meet with a perpetual recurrence of new and picturesque objects, and will find that their curiosity cannot be gratified by a hasty sur- vey of " This enchanting site ; where every rural sweet, " And every natural charm, delight to meet." We enter the Park by the superb gate erected by Sarah, first Duchess of Marlborough, a year after the death of the first Duke. This fine struc- ture has a Latin inscription on the Woodstock side, and a translation of it on the side next the Park. On passing this gate the stranger is directed to pause, and view the enchanting scene around him. We shall attempt no description of it, for all we can say must fall short of the original. The Porter at this gate will give directions how to proceed in 188 BLENHEIM. — PARK AND GARDENS. order to see the House, Park, Gardens, and China Gallery. In the regular ride of the Park, which may be taken on horseback or in a carriage, persons are usually accompanied by a keeper, who points out and explains what is most interesting. This ride is a circuit of about three miles; the Park is upwards of eleven miles in circumference. It is impossible to enter into a minute detail of the numerous beautiful views which present themselves in the ride. The most interesting are those from the High Lodge, once the residence of Wilmot, Earl of Rochester ; and from the Obelisk, which was erected to the memory of the Great Duke of Marlborough. On this Pillar the brilliant actions of this great General are detailed ; and it is crowned with a fine statue of him, in a Roman dress. From the spot on which this Pillar is erected, the Palace, the River, and the Gardens, may be seen to great advantage. The Bridge, which is opposite the north front of the Palace, is a magnificent structure. The diameter of its centre arch is 101 feet. Near this Bridge is the spring, called Rosamonds Welly which is supposed to have supplied her bath when she resided in this Park. The River, or Lake, supplied by the Glyme, as Wheatley observes, " in " size, form, and style, is equal to the majesty of " the scene ; and is designed in the spirit, and " executed with the liberality of the original dona- " tion, when this residence of a mighty monarch " was bestowed, by a great people, as a munificent " reward, on the hero who had deserved best of his " country." The GARDENS, or PLEASURE GROUNDS, Consist of more than two hundred acres of ground. The usual entrance is close to the eastern Gate of Blenheim, the Porter of which will call the Gar- dener who accompanies visitors in their walk. On entering the Gardens, we proceed by the east front of the Hotise, on a fine gravel walk, and ar- BLENHEIM. — GARDENS. 189 rive at the Temple of Health, a neat building, erected by the late Duke, on the recovery of George III. from his severe illness, in 1789. It has a suitable Latin inscription on a marble tablet, over which is a fine medallion of his Majesty. After going through a delightful well-sheltered walk, the Aviary presents itself. It stands on a spot formerly called the Duchess's Flower Garden. This edifice, designed by Mr. Hakewill, is stocked with gold and silver pheasants, curious doves, and other birds. In front of the Aviary, on the site of an old neglected wilderness, the quiet resort of every noxious reptile, a new Plantation and Garden are now forming, of about twelve acres, with a walk round it of half a mile in length. It is in- tended as an Arboretum of all the choicest and most beautiful Forest Trees, hardy enough to bear our climate, but in general occupying too much space for a Botanical Garden. Proceeding — we pass near the Kitchen Gardens, come into the Home Walk, and then enter the Sheep Walk, often covered with many hundreds of the most beautiful and valuable sheep, of various breeds. From this spot to the Cascade,* the most charming views are continually presenting them- selves. The Cascade cannot fail to rivet the atten- tion of its observer. The water appears to emerge from the wood above it, and the scenery, down to the river, is decorated with groups of the most beautiful trees. By a bridge, below the fall of the Cascade, we are conducted into a garden of more recent formation. Near the river is a mineral spring, which has now lost its virtues. The Foun- tain, at a short distance from this spring, the work of Bernini, was presented to John, Duke of Marl- borough, by the Spanish Ambassador. This fine piece of sculpture represents the gods of the Danube, the Nile, the La Plata, and the Ganges, with their appropriate attributes. On a white marble pedestal * Recently taken into the Duke's Private Gardens. 190 BLENHEIM. — GARDENS. is an inscription, in Latin, Greek, Italian, and Spanish. We continue a walk rendered highly in- teresting by the numerous delightful views we again meet with, and come to the bronze statue of the Listening Slave, by Benzi. We have now a fine view of the Lake, which majestically meanders in its course : and by a delightful walk on its beautiful banks, we come to the bronze statues of the Roman Wrestlers, by Benzi, near which is a Temple, designed by Sir William Chambers, and dedicated " to the Ionian, rural, mountain-ranging Diana.*' The medallion within represents Hippolytus offer- ing a wreath of flowers to Diana, and on two others are a Greek inscription from Euripides, and an English translation. The Duke, who is known to possess more bota- nical taste and skill than any other nobleman in the kingdom, is now laying out a very large piece of ground, w r hich, when finished, will be the finest botanical and. flow^er garden in England. Aided by the noble proprietor, we are enabled to give the following account of this charming, picturesque spot, the whole embellishments of which are exe- cuted not only under the inspection of his Grace, but by his constant direction and co-operation. Here we cannot avoid regretting that at present strangers can only become acquainted with the beauties of this garden, by description. When finished, it doubtless will be opened for occasional visitors. Its being at present closed from public view should be attributed to the proper cause — the impossibility of carrying on improvements of this extensive nature amidst the continued interruption of those who are constantly arriving at Blenheim. At the east end of the Palace is a dining-room of thirty feet in length, recently fitted up by the pre- sent Duke, called the Japan Room. The sides and the ceiling are of Waterloo blue puckered drapery, ornamented at intervals by black rosettes, and a large rosette of the same material in the centre of the ceiling, from which all the ribs of the drapery BLENHEIM. — GARDENS. 191 diverge. This room looks immediately on the Arcade Flower Garden and a Pavilion of an oc- tagonal form, lately erected, entirely composed of various coloured woods, with their natural bark. This is supported by columns of yew, with a covered colonnade around it. Two other apartments are recently added ; the Centre, or Bamboo Room, and the Drawing-room, which is beautifully painted in imitation of the verd antique and the Sienna mar- bles ; it is forty-two feet long, and also looks on the New Flower Garden. — Immediately on leaving these apartments, we pass the New Holland or Botany Bay Garden, which consists of Mimosas, Metrosideros, Pittosporums, and the most curious and beautiful plants from New Holland and Norfolk Island. The Chinese Garden is near this, where all the most curious of the Camellia tribe, and other valuable Chinese plants, are planted out in the natural ground, and, during the winter months, covered by a moss-house. The walk then leads to a view of Handborough Steeple, the lake, and the forest aDd wood on the opposite side, and, at one point, catches a beautiful vista to the High Lodge, From this garden, which is about eight acres, we pass on to a Terrace Garden, ornamented with clumps of the choicest and most shew r y American and other hardy exotic plants, which appear to hang on the slopes. This charming terrace com- mands a view of nearly the whole extent of the lake, the wood beyond it, and the column. Hence we proceed to the Aquatic, or Rock Garden, w^here all descriptions of aquatic plants are cultivated in a piece of w^ater, surrounded by rock work. We then enter the Dahlia Garden, where all the varieties of these plants, amounting to about 200 sorts, are planted together, round a clump of about half an acre. This walk leads to the Rose Garden, w r here more than 1000 different sorts of roses, standard and dwarf, are planted. Here we have a view of the Fountain and Cascade. After passing a grotto, and from the beautiful banks of the lake viewing 192 BLENHEIM. — GARDENS. the American clumps and borders, we proceed on- wards through this " paradise of sweets/' until we complete a walk of nearly two miles and a half, during which we meet with several rustic and other curious and appropriate seats, and two temples, one dedicated to Artemis, and another lately erected to Hygeia, the Goddess of Health, a blessing the pre- sent proprietor acknowledges to have possessed un- interruptedly for the last thirty years, which, next to the favour of God, he attributes to his continued horticultural occupations. Our limits will not permit us to describe justly the beauties of this elysium, the local advantages of which can nowhere be exceeded. All the gardens are dotted over by clumps or bordered by planta- tions of shrubs from Siberia, Mount Caucasus, and the northern parts of China, India, and the Brazils. When completed, the new inclosure will contain fifty acres. Several thousand loads of bog earth, for the use of the American clumps and borders, have been brought into the garden. The gera- niums, the most lasting in bloom of all the flowery tribe, are planted in small clumps, each holding one sort to itself, and they remain in full luxuriance of flower and foliage from the first of May to the No- vember frosts. All the clumps are surrounded with borders of seedling oaks, kept constantly cut. We now return to what is open to the view of visitors, whom we left in their walk through the Pleasure Gardens, which is concluded at the south front of the Palace, (over which is a fine bust of Louis XIV. taken from the gates of Tournay.) The Theatre and Titian Room may be seen now, or after viewing the House. The Porter at the Gate, near the Garden door, will call the person who shews these places. The Theatre is a neat room, well suited for the purposes of the Drama, and contains some good scenery. The Titian Room adjoins the Theatre, and contains a superb collec- tion of pictures by this celebrated master. They are the Loves of the Gods, painted on leather, viz. BLENHEIM. — PALACE. 193 Mars and Venus ; Cupid and Psyche ; Apollo and Daphne ; Pluto and Proserpine ; Hercules and Dejanira ; Vulcan and Ceres ; Bacchus and Ari- adne ; Jupiter, Juno, and Io ; and Neptune and Amphitrite. From the subjects, it may be conjec- tured that the figures are not covered with an exu- berance of drapery. They are larger than nature, and are distinguished for the beauty of their colour- ing; indeed, by many persons they are deemed some of the finest paintings in the kingdom. The China Gallery, which may be viewed be- fore we go over the Palace, is near the gate through which we enter into the Park. It was finished in 1796. It is a neat and appropriate fabric, and con- tains a fine collection of old and curious china. It was formed by Mr. Spalding, and presented by him to the late Duke. The gallery and rooms at each end are admirably arranged, and the whole gal- lery may be seen at the first entry. This collection contains specimens of porcelain, delf, and japan manufacture, from their earliest use to the present time ; indeed, some are supposed to be three thou- sand years old. Among the varieties particularly pointed out, are, a tea-pot, presented by the Duke of Richelieu to Louis XIV. ; two bottles which be- longed to Queen Anne ; several curious pieces from the collections of the Duke of Aumont, the Duke of Orleans, the Duke of Argyle, the Duchess of King- ston, &c. ; Oliver Cromwell's tea-pot ; two pieces of jasper china ; several specimens of the honey- comb china ; Roman and other old earthenware ; a very ancient delf jar; a small and most curious piece brought from Athens ; some old wooden ja- panned articles, and a vast number of other varie- ties, highly amusing to those whose taste leads them to an examination of such curiosities. We now come to the most interesting part of our account of this attractive place, viz. THE PALACE, With its paintings and other splendid ornaments. R 194* BLENHEIM, — BOW WINDOW ROOM. We enter the Palace by the eastern gate, over which is a reservoir, which supplies the house with w^ater. On the left are the Theatre and Titian Room. We pass these, and are conducted by the. Porter to the North Front, which is 348 feet from one wing to the other. By a flight of steps we enter THE HALL. This magnificent room is of the height of the building. The ceiling is ornamented with a fine painting by Sir James Thornhill, which represents John, Duke of Marlborough, crowned by Victory, who points to a plan of the battle of Blenheim.— Over the entrance to the Saloon is a bust of the Hero of Blenheim. The Pictures in the Hall are, Charles, Duke of Marlborough, and Family, by Hudson ; and John, Duke of Marlborough, and Family, by Closterman. In the Gallery above may be seen portraits of Queen Anne, by Lely ; of Clara Eugenia, Infanta of Spain, and of a Lady, by an unknown artist. The other ornaments of this. room are, a Venus de Medici, and a Dancing Fawn, in bronze^ by Benzi ; several marble Termini (Roman Deities, who presided over land -marks;) two sta- tues of a Nymph and a Bacchanal, and a fine Diana and Dog, very much admired ; opposite to which is a beautiful Vase, with figures representing the marriage ceremonies of the Romans. On the right of the Hall is a Wind Dial, and on the opposite side an elegant Clock, by Des Granges. — From the Hall we are conducted to the BOW WINDOW ROOM, Which is hung with tapestry, representing the Battle of Blenheim on the right, and on the left the Battle of Wynendael. In this room is a fine bust, called the Laughing Girl, and another, by Bacon, of Antonina, only daughter of Francis, Lord Le Despencer. The Pictures are : — BLENHEIM. — DUKE S STUDY. 195 Over the first door. St. Jerome studying— Gior- gione Over the fire-place. Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I. — Vandyck On a panel to the right. A fine Head — Reynolds Lady Anne Churchill — Knel- ler The Assumption — Tintoretto A Female Head — Rubens A Madonna and Child — L. da Vinci Over the second door. Two Wood Nymphs and Sa- tyr — School of Titian Between two beautiful Corin- thian pillars. A Holy Family, small — L. Caracci Three pendent Cabinets, with Miniatures enclosed On the next panel. An etching of a Wood Nymph, by the late Queen Dowager of Wirtemburgh A Drawing — Cipriani Between the opposite pillars. Our Saviour and the Virgin in the Clouds*— Tintoretto A collection of Miniatures, in one frame On the next panel. An etching, by the late Queen Dowager of Wirtemburg A Drawing — Cipriani Over the third door. A Holy Family, very fine— Raphael DUKES STUDY, The hangings of which are of straw-coloured painted •paper. The Pictures are : — A Sleeping Venus and Satyr — School of Rubens Time clipping Cupid's Wings. — Vandyck Madonna and Child — Van- dyck "St. John reading the Apoca- lypse — Unknown Sarah, Duchess of Marlbo- rough— Kneller St. Sebastian — Titian A Holy Family— Supposed by Raphael Landscape — F. Mola A Holy Family — Raphael Virgin and Child— Solimene Scenes in Switzerland — Van Tempest King William on horseback at the Battle of the Boyne Venus and Adonis — Unknown Virgin and Child — Correggio A fine Landscape — Claude Orpheus playing to the Beasts — Unknown The Destruction of Pharaoh and his Host — Old Franck The Offering of the Magi — C. Dolci Finding the Bones in the Wilderness — Old Franck Holy Family— F. Mola A Spanish sea-port — Weeninx A Battle Piece — Borgognone Inside View of a Church — Neefs A Battle, in Silver f*t In this room is a valuable collection of bronzes, r2 196 BLENHEIM. — GRAND CABINET. From the Duke's Study, we proceed to the EAST DRAWING ROOM, The hangings of which are of crimson flock paper. It contains the following Paintings, many of which are very fine : — Villiers, Duke of Bucking- ham — Vandyck The Duchess of Buckingham and Family — Vandyck Mary, Duchess of Richmond, with a Female Dwarf pre- senting her gloves — Van- dyck Mary, Duchess of Richmond, half length — Vandyck Lord Holland — My tens A Bacchanalian Piece — Ru- bens Lady Chesterfield — Vandyck A Fete Champetre— Pater Holbein, by himself Lady Anne Churchill — Knel- ler A Man's Head — Titian Four Small Landscapes on copper — Tillemans Rape of Proserpine— Rubens A View of St. Mark in Venice The next room is the GRAND CABINET, The hangings of which are of rich crimson damask. The following is a list of the fine paintings in this magnificent room : — —Canaletto A View of Venice — Canaletto A Holy Family— F. Mola King William 111.— Kneller A Landscape — Poussin Cattle— R. de Tivoli The Circumcision— Rembrandt A Landscape— Paul Bril A Circular Landscape-CJawde Cattle and Figures — Bam- boccio An Angel, small size — Cor- reggio Our Saviour— Carlo Dolci St. John — The same Prince Eugene — Supposed by Kneller Two Female Heads— P. Ve- ronese A View of Venice — Canaletto A Man's Head— Holbein A View of Venice — Canalettv A Holy Family— Rubens A Madonna, standing on a globe, surrounded by An- gels— C. Maratti The Offering of the Magi — Rubens The Roman Daughter — The same The Return of our Saviour from Egypt — The same Our Saviour blessing the Children— The same Virgin and Child — The same A Holy Family — L. Caracci Pope Gregory, and a female Penitent bearing a palm branch — Titian The late Lord Robert Spencer, when a Boy — Reynolds Head of Rubens— Rubens Lot's departure out of Sodom, a present from the town of Antwerp — Rubens Paracelsus — The same BLENHEIM. — GREAT DRAWING ROOM. 197 A Madonna, her head en- circled with stars — Carlo Dolci Raphael's favourite, Dorothea — Raphael THE LITTLE DRAWING ROOM. The hangings are of a deep crimson cloth. Paintings are : — The Isaac blessing Jacob — Rem- brandt Two Views in Blenheim Park — Hofland The Virgin and Child, St. John and St. Nicholas— Raphael Over it, an oval, in chiar' os- curo, from an ancient gem Rebecca Catharine of Medicis — Rubens Esther and Ahasuerus — P. Veronese Wife of Rubens, Helena For- man, in the costume of an Archduchess — Rubens The Rape of the Sabines-^P. da Cortona The Woman taken in Adul- tery — Rembrandt Travellers refreshing at an Ale-house door, witb a View of Dort — Cuyp Curiosity detected — Sharpe A Landscape, small size — Ruysdaei Monkeys in Monks* Habits — Teniers Peasants playing at Cards The same A Broad Day -break— The same A large Landscape — Vander- neer Our Saviour and the Virgin in the Clouds, with St. Ber- nard paying adoration— A. Caracci Two small Landscapes and figures — Ferg A beautiful little Landscape, with Figures— Wouvermans A Dutch Family— Ostade An old Woman at her Spin- ning Wheel, and her Hus- band warming himself— Teniers A Landscape — G. Poussin A Landscape — D. Teniers . A small highly-finished Spa- nish Family Piece — Gon- zales THE GREAT DRAWING ROOM Is next shewn. The hangings are a deep crimson cloth. The Paintings are : — Lord Strafford and his Secre- tary — Vandyck The late Duke, Duchess, and six of their Children — Rey- nolds Two Beggar Boys — Murillo Philip II. of Spain— Titian Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I. — Vandyck Rubens' Wife and Child, a R present to the first Duke by the City of Brussels— Rubens Charles I. — Vandyck Andromeda chained to the Rock, with Perseus just appearing — Rubens Three Beggar Boys, very, ex- pressive — Murillo King. Charles I. on horseback. 198 BLENHEIM. — THE SALOON. Amelia Boyce — Austin Virgin and Child — Vandyck A small Portrait of the pre- sent Duke of Marlborough Jones The present Duke of Marlbo- rough on horseback — Stro- chlin The Offering of the Kings — Rubens his casque or helmet sup- ported by Sir Thomas Mor- ton — Vandyck Mrs. Morton and Mrs. Killi- grew, two of Charles II/s favourites, in one picture — P. Lely The Annunciation — Correggio A Holy Family — Rubens Death of the Virgin— Guido A small Portrait of Lady In the centre of the chimney-piece of this room is an alto-relievo of the marriage of Cupid and Psyche. Over it are two bronze Centaurs, and two fine Urns of Derbyshire Spar. THE DINING ROOM Is a large and lofty apartment, and contains the following Paintings : Gertrude, Duchess of Bed- ford — Dance Lady Amelia Boyce — Philips Sarah, Duchess of Marlbo- rough — Kneller Cattle and Figures «*- Casti- glione A Bacchanalian Piece— Ru- bens Venus and Adonis— Rubens The Three Graces, or Rubens' three Wives — The same Lot and his Daughters— The same A Battle Piece — Wouvermans Another Battle Piece— The Lady Charlotte Spencer, in the character of a gipsey, telling her brother, Lord H. Spencer, his fortune — ■ The same The late Duchess and Child The same Lord C. Spencer — Reynolds Marquis of Tavistock — The same Dowager Lady Pembroke— The same The Rape of Europa— P. Ve- ronese John, Duke of Bedford — Gainsborough Lord Churchill— Owen George, the third Duke of The present Duke — Cosway M arlborou gh— Reynolds In this room is a fine marble bust of the present Duke, by Prosperi. From the Great Dining Room, we enter a most magnificent apartment, called THE SALOON, Which is lined with marble. The different nations of the world are represented by La Guerre, in six BLENHEIM. — STATE DRAWING-ROOM. 199 compartments. L French, English, and Scotch, with a portrait of the painter. 2. Spaniards. 3. Moors and Negroes. 4. Chinese and Tartars. 5. Turks. 6. Dutch and Swedes. The ceiling, also by La Guerre, represents John, Duke of Marlbo- rough, arrested in his victorious progress by the hand of Peace; Time reminds him of his rapid flight. Over the right-hand fire-place is a bust of a Roman Consul, and at the same end of the room a Sleeping Venus, on a marble slab. Over the other fire-place, a bust of Caracalla, and Cleopatra and the x\sp on another marble slab. THE GREEN DRAWING ROOM Is next shewn to us. The tapestry represents the Battles of Dunnewert, Lisle, and Malplaquet. — Some of the figures in these battles are very ex- pressive. The paintings are : — A Knight of St. John of Jeru- salem — Baroccio Meleager and Atalanta — Ru- bens The Adoration of the Shep- herds — L. Giordano Madonna and Child — N.Pous- sin Figures encircled with Flow- ers — Rothenhamer Offering of the Wise Men— » L. Giordano A Holy Family — jY. Poussin Figures encircled with Flow- ers — Rothenhamer Caroline, Duchess of Marlbo- rough — Romney On the chimney-piece stands a very fine Clock, by Vulliamy. Under the windows are bronzes of Fame and Mercury. We proceed to THE STATE DRAWING-ROOM, Which is decorated and furnished with the utmost splendour. The tapestry represents the March to Bouchain and the Siege of Bouchain* In the siege is shewn the dog which accompanied his master, Lord Cadogan, through the whole of his campaigns. The Paintings are : — £00 BLENHEIM. — LIBRARY. Over the fire-place. Oeorge, third Duke of Marl- borough, in his Garter Robes — Romney Over the first door. A Fruit Piece — L. Giordano Over the opposite door. St. Lawrence distributing the Ornaments of the Altar. II Prete Genoese An Architectural Piece— D. V. Delen The Burning of Troy— Old Franck Over each door. A piece of Still Life — Maltese STATE BED-CHAMBER. The hangings and furniture of this room are ot blue damask. It contains the following Pictures : — Over the fire-place. Seneca bleeding to death and dictating to his Amanuensis — L. Giordano On a panel to the right, Edward VI.— Holbein On a slab under the mirror is a young Hercules recumbent, finely sculptured. Near the bed is an elegant table which belonged to the late Queen of France, On the chimney-piece are bronzes of Hercules killing the Centaurs and the Hydra, and between them is a bust of Diana. In this room are a beautiful Ebony Cabinet, and a Gold Inkstand. On leaving the State Bed-room, we enter THE LIBRARY. This magnificent room is upwards of 183 feet long, and 31 feet nine inches wide in the centre. — The books contained in k were selected with great taste and judgment by Charles, Earl of Sunderland, who married a daughter of John, Duke of Marlbo- rough. Although this apartment is of such large dimensions, it does not contain the whole of the collection. The remainder is placed in another part of the House, and not shewn to strangers. At the upper end of the Library is a fine marble statue of Queen Anne, by Rysbraeck, which cost 5000 guineas. In a recess on the west side is an antique statue inscribed Julia Domna; and lower BLENHEIM. — CHAPEL. 20 I down, another of Diana and Dog. At the end is a valuable antique bust of Alexander the Great, dug from the ruins of Herculaneum. Over the first fire-place is a bust of Charles, Earl of Sunderland, and another of the Emperor Adrian. Over the second fire-place is a bust of Charles, Duke of Marl- borough, by Rysbraeck. — Over the grand marble door-case is a bust of Milo Crotonensis. In a re- cess is a fine bust of John, Duke of Marlborough. In this superb room is a large telescope, by Her- schell, a present from King George III. to George, the third Duke of Marlborough. The whole-length portraits are : — Francis, Earl of Godolphin John, Duke of Montague Anne, Countess of Sunder- land Elizabeth, Countess of Bridg- water The Countess Cowper The Hon. John Spencer Elizabeth, Duchess of Marl- borough Charles, Duke of Marlborough Sarah, Duchess of Marlbo- rough John, Duke of Marlborough Queen Anne King William Over the first fire-place is a sea-piece of Jonah and the Whale, after Poussin ; and over the second a Girl's Head, antique, and a Landscape, after Poussin. From the Library we proceed under a piazza to THE CHAPEL, The most striking ornament of which is a fine Mo- nument, by Rysbraeck, to the memory of John, Duke of Marlborough, and his Duchess. They are represented with their two sons, who died young ; below is the taking of Marshal Tallard. The altar- piece is painted by Jordaens of Antwerp ; the sub- ject, Our Saviour taken from the Cross. Over the fire-place in the gallery is a painting on black marble, by Allessandro Veronese. After viewing the Chapel, our conductor takes his leave of us, and we once more find ourselves opposite the North Front of the Palace. $02 Roman villa. Three miles from Blenheim, near the village of Northleigh, at a short distance from the river Even- lode, and about half a mile to the right of the turn- pike road from Woodstock to Witney, is a Roman Villa. In the year 1813, the Rev. W. Brown, Rector of an adjoining parish, accidentally observed several fragments of Roman bricks and tiles, which induced him to cause researches to be made on the spot where they were found. The foundations of an extensive building were soon traced, but the examination was deferred till the year 1815, when a large room and several passages were discovered, ornamented with tesselated pavements, evidently of Roman construction. On this being communi- cated to the Duke of Marlborough, to whom the land belonged, his Grace gave orders for continuing the work, and caused a house to be built on the spot for the residence of a person, to prevent the depre- dations of the antiquary, who might probably prefer seeing a part of these relics of the Romans in his own collection, to a view of them on their original site. The building appears to have been a Roman Villa, originally forming a quadrangle of about 200 feet square, and which had for ages past been en- tirely buried in the earth. A plan of this Villa is published by Mr. Hakewill, describing the form, dimensions, &c. of the different apartments disco- vered up to December, 1816. — The principal room is covered over to prevent its receiving injury by exposure to the weather, as is also a large warm* bath in excellent preservation ; the flues round it remain, and also the pillars of the hypocaust, and even part of the pipe which conveyed away the water. Other baths have been found in different parts of the building. The room, No. 1, in Mr. Hakewill's plan, richly merits the attention of the curious. It has a tesselated pavement, with a hy- pocaust under it, which clearly points out the mode of warming the apartments of the Romans. Its dimensions are 33 feet by 20. — In another covered room, near this, a quantity of wheat, turned black GODSTOW NUNNERY. 203 by age, is preserved, which was found in one of the apartments. Several broken articles of earthen- ware have been discovered, and one small urn, very little damaged. The manner of laying the tesselated pavement is clearly perceptible : it differs totally from our method of paving, and is well cal- culated to preserve the rooms from the dampness of the earth. x\ few silver, and many other coins have been dug up, which are carefully preserved ; the r latest is a coin of the Emperor x\rcadius, who died in 408. On the banks of the Isis, about two miles from Oxford, are the remains of Godstow Nunnery. It was founded towards the end of the reign of Henry I. by Editha, a lady of Winchester, and when dissolved, in the reign of Henry VIII. it was valued at £274 per annum. The remains consist chiefly of ranges of wall on the north, south, and east sides of an extensive area. Near the western extremity of the high north wall are fragments of two buttresses. There is a small building which abuts -on the east, and ranges along the southern side. It was probably the Chapter House of the Nuns. It is in this building that the remains of Rosamond are supposed to have been deposited, w^hen they were removed from the choir of the Church, by order of Hugh, Bishop of Lincoln, in 1191. Folly Bridge, at the southern entrance into Oxford, is not mentioned in this Itinerary ; yet it merits the attention of the Stranger. It is over the Isis, and may be seen to great advantage from the south-western extremity of Christ Church Meadow. This bridge has recently been erected. The new warehouses on the wharf, which is close to it, are as complete and convenient as any in the kingdom. They were built from the plans of Mr. Thomas Wyatt, jun. an architect and builder of Oxford. 204 IFFLEY. Grandpont, or the Old Folly Bridge, was of very great antiquity; and Wood says that "no record can resolve its precise beginning." On this old bridge stood a tower, formerly much spoken of, and called Friar Bacon's Study, from a supposition that it was once occupied by that philosopher. Tradition reports that this extraordinary man was accustomed to ascend this tower in the night, and study the stars. It was entirely demolished in 1778. Several views have been taken of it, en- gravings from w T hich appear in some of the larger works respecting Oxford. The village of Iffley is situated on the banks of the Isis, and is celebrated for the antiquity of its Church. The western door of this church has a profusion of Saxon ornament, and is surmounted by a sculptured chain, each link of which is joined to- gether by a grotesque head, and encircles an animal or other device. Next is a large cable moulding, supported by a number of beaks issuing from cu- rious heads. The whole produces a richness of effect not surpassed by any building of the kind in the kingdom. On the south side is another door also replete with rich ornaments. The arch is sup- ported by four columns. The capitals are ex- tremely rich, and represent a combat of Centaurs, and an encounter of horsemen. The north door is of the same size as the south ; but is not so richly ornamented. The lovers of antiquity will be amply repaid by a sight of the interior, it being built in a style corresponding with the exterior, and presents a beautiful specimen of the early Norman or Saxon architecture. The two fine arches which divide the church are sustained by clustered pillars, and richly ornamented with chevron work. The pulpit was originally of stone, and worked into one of these pil- lars ; only the steps and pediment are now remain- ing. One portion of the roof, still uninjured, is much embellished, and supported by three taper shafts. On the right of the altar are three large NUNEHAM. 205 stone recesses, and one intended as a receptacle for holy waters. The font is Saxon, very large, and the basin supported by three twisted pillars, and one of a different construction. In the churchyard stands a very ancient cross; but its ornamented sculpture is entirely destroyed by time. Near this cross is a yew tree, supposed to be coeval with the church ; although it is very much decayed, its ex- ternal appearance is still fresh and flourishing. From a manuscript of Anthony Wood, the anti- quity of Iffley church may be in some measure as- certained. It appears that it was given, with its appertenances, by Jeffrey de Clinton, to the Canons of Kenil worth, in Warwickshire ; and this Jeffery lived in the reign of William the Conqueror. The village is a pleasant walk from Oxford, it being only two miles from that city, and a short distance from the Henley road to London, on the right. Nuneham is about five miles from Oxford. In the Park, by the side of the river Isis, stands a fine ancient building, removed from the top of the High- street, or, as it is generally called, Carfax, whence it obtained the name of Carfax Conduit, in Oxford^ in the year 1787, and presented to George Simon, Earl Harcourt, by the University. It was erected as a conduit to supply the inhabitants of Oxford with water, in the year 1610, at the expense of Otho Nicholson. The water came from a spring near Ferry Hincksey. A very pleasant way of visiting Nuneham, in fine weather, is by water. Boats of all descriptions may be had for this purpose at the Wharfs, near Christ Church Meadow, and parties are pleasantly accommodated in the cottage, kindly erected by the late Earl Harcourt, at a short distance from the building before mentioned, for the reception of visitors. 206 CUMNOR. ^y The far-famed novel of Kenilworth, by Sir Walter """ Scott, having created an interest for the place in which Amy Robsart is said to have met her un- timely fate by order of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, we deem it not irrelevant to inform our readers that Cumnor, a small village, is situated about three miles from Oxford, on the Bath road, and is seen immediately on ascending the hill, a little to the right. The Church is of great anti- quity 7 , the precise date has not been ascertained, but the west door is finished in the Saxon style. On the north side of the chancel is the tomb of Anthony Forster, a monument of grey marble, surmounted by a canopy of the same, supported by two pillars. On the back of the tomb, on brass plates, are engraved a man in armour, and his wife, in the habit of her times, both kneeling, to- gether with the figures of three children kneeling behind their mother. A long epitaph assigns to Anthony a large share of the virtues which most adorn the human character ; and from the historical narrative of his participation in the murder of the Countess of Leicester, at his own house, proves how little reliance is to be placed on monumental pane- gyrics. At the foot of Anthony Forster' s tomb lie the bodies of two of the daughters of Rainold Williams, probably the same family as the wife of Forster. In the south transept of the Church are two an- cient tombs, supposed to be those of two Abbots of Abingdon. \y In a field adjoining the churchyard are still vi- sible some small remains of Cumnor Place ; most of the ruins were taken down in 1810 by order of its noble proprietor, the Earl of Abingdon, and the site of Cumnor Place is nearly all that remains of the favoured retreat of the powerful ecclesiastics of Abingdon. INDEX. Page ACT - -181 Alban Hall - - 166 All Saints' Church - 105 All Souls' College - 49 Anatomical Theatre - 143 Angel Inn - - 38 Arundel Marbles - 70 Ashmolean Museum - 91 Balliol College - 111 Banks in Oxford, 13, 49, 106 Baths, New 25 Bedels - - 21,184 Bible Clerks - - 1T7 Blenheim - - 187 Bodleian Library - 62 Books relative to Oxford 14 Botanic Garden - 25 Brasennose College 59 Bursar - - 178 Butler of a College - 178 Canal - - 125 Carfax - 128 Carfax Conduit - 205 Censors of Christ Church 178 Chancellor of the Univer- sity . - 18.173 Chapels, Dissenting Chaplains Charity Schools Christ Church — Cathedral ■ Chapter House Room Common • Hall Kitchen ■ Library • Meadow 12 177 12 134 139 143 143 136 139 145 144 10, 22 78 Page Corpus Christi Coll. 157 Council Chamber - 130 Members of 22 Crosier at New College 85 at Corpus Christi College - - 159 at St. John's Coll. 118 Cross Inn - .127 Cumnor - 206 Dean of a College 178 Degrees - - 179 Dependent Members of the University - 176 Distances of various places from Oxford - 9 Divinity School - 73 Dresses of the Members of 181 180 97 177 176 136 39 203 204 121 125 179 203 City of Oxford Clarendon Printing Office Colleges and Halls, number of, in the University 18 Commoner - 1 79 Common Rooms - 185 Congregation, House of, 169 Convocation, House of, 169 the University Examinations Exeter College Exhibitioners Fellows Fire at Christ Church at Queen's College Folly Bridge Friar Bacon's Study Gaol, City Gaol, County Gentlemen Commoners Godstow Nunnery Governors of Colleges and Halls ; their nominal dis- tinctions - 175 List of them 18 Great Tom - - 135 Halls— in what they differ from Colleges - 175 Halls, number of, in the University - ]8 Heads of Colleges,&c. 18,176 Hertford College - 86 High Steward of the Uni- versity - Holywell Church House of Industry Jesus College Ifflev 19, 174 11 122 100 204 208 INDEX. Page Impositions - - 186 Independent Members of the University - 179 King's Arms Inn - 87, 91 Lecturers in the City 10, 24 Lincoln College 102 Lunatic Asylum - 13 Magdalen Bridge 25 College 27 Hall - 86 Manciple of a College 178 Manners and Customs of the University - 184 Market - 105 Matriculation - 179 Members of Parliament for the University 19, 174 City - 22 Members of the University, number of, - 18 Merton College 161 Miscellaneous observa- tions - - 184 Mitre Inn - 105 Music Room - 91 New College - 78 New Inn Hall - 127 Noblemen - 179 Nuneham - - 205 Observatory - 120 Officers of the University 21 City - 24 Oriel College - 153 Parishes in Oxford 10 Peckwater - 144 Pembroke College 131 Picture Gallery - 64 Plucked (this technical word explained) 185 Pomfret Statues 72 Population of Oxford 1 Post Office - 24 Preachers, University 55 Printing Office, New 122 Proctors - - 19, 174 Professors „ - 19 Public Orator - 21, 175 Queen's College 38 Page Radcliffe Infirmary 120 Library - 5€ Observatory 120 Regency - 169 Responsions - 180 Roebuck Inn - 127 Roman Villa - 202 Rooms of the Members 185 Routes - "7 Rustication - 186 St. Alban Hall 166 St. Aldate's Church 130 St. Clement's Church 11 St. Ebbe's Church 134 St. Edmund's Hall 43 St. Giles's Church 119 St. John's College 114 St. John's Church 163 St. Martin's Church 128 St. Mary Hall - 156 St. Mary's Church - 54 St. Mary Magdalen Ch. 125 St. Michael's Church 126 St. Peter-le-Bailey Ch. 11 St. Peter's-in-the EastCh. 44 St. Thomas's Church 12 Scholars - - 177 Schools - - 61 S eld en Marbles - 71 Sermons, University 54 Servitors - - 178 Star Inn - - 127 Students of Ch. Ch. 152,185 Terms - - 21 Theatre - - 74 Three Goats Inn 127 Town Hall - - 130 Trinity College 106 Tutors - - 178 Verger - - 184 Vice-Chancellor 19, 173 University College 45 University of Oxford 168 University Church - 54 Wadham College 87 Worcester College 123 Workhouse 11, 122 THE END. Printed by J. Munday, Oxford. n LIBRARY OF CONGRESS l 019 805 211 5 \ y- A ;•' g ■ V I