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 HISTORICAL STUDIES '^ 
 
 PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE DEPARTMENT 
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 ^be 1bcnri5 Marrcn ^orrei? Jfun^ 
 
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 PUBLISHED BY HARVARD UNIVERSITY 
 
/ 
 
 BARRINGTON-BERNARD 
 CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 AND 
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE MATTER 
 
 1760-1770 
 
 DRAWN FROM THE 
 
 "PAPERS OF SIR FRANCIS BERNARD" 
 
 (Sometime Governor of Massachuseti's-Bay) 
 
 / 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 EDWARD CHANNING Ph.D. 
 Professor of History in Harvard University 
 
 AND 
 
 ARCHIBALD GARY GOOLIDGE Ph.D. 
 
 Professor of History and 
 Director of the University Library 
 
 CAMBRIDGE 
 
 HARVARD UNIVERSITY 
 
 London: HENRY FROWDE 
 
 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 
 
 1912 
 
■Bz-j 
 
 
 Copyright, 1912, 
 By the President and Fellows of Harvard College. 
 
 NotSaoolJ iPrwa 
 
 J. 8. rushing Co. — Berwick & Smith Co. 
 
 Norwood, Mass., U.S.A. 
 
 ©J.A332105 ,< 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Introduction vii 
 
 Barrington-Bernard Correspondence ..... i 
 Appendices : 
 
 I. Letters, Official and Others 221 
 
 II. Bernard's Petition for Increase of Salary . . 259 
 
 III. "State of the Disorders" ...... 264 
 
 Index 303 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 The letters printed in this volume are drawn from the col- 
 lection of original documents and transcripts which Jared 
 Sparks brought together in the course of his extended editorial 
 career. For years he was Professor of American History in 
 Harvard University and, for some time, was its President.^ 
 In 1866, after his death, his papers were deposited in the 
 Library of the University and later were given to it by his 
 son, William Sparks. President Sparks made several journeys 
 to England and was shown every courtesy by the descendants 
 of Lord Shelburne and other prominent men of the Revolu- 
 tionary era and by the government itself. He had volumes of 
 transcripts made for him, and every now and then purchased 
 original manuscripts. Among the latter are thirteen volumes, 
 separately bound, and entitled "The Papers of Sir Francis 
 Bernard, Governor of New Jersey, and afterward Governor 
 of Massachusetts." Of these thirteen volumes, eight comprise 
 Bernard's original "Letter Books." The other five volumes 
 are filled with letters received by him from his superiors and 
 others in England, and also official papers, as commissions. 
 Running through the whole set is a series of letters from 
 Bernard to his wife's cousin-german, Lord Barrington, and the 
 latter's replies. Their interest consists in the fact that they are 
 friendly and confidential epistles and not official letters, 
 although they were written by two of the most highly placed 
 government officers in England and in America. 
 
 ^ See Herbert B. Adams' Life and Writings of Jared Sparks, comprising 
 selections from his Journals and Correspondence (2 vols., Boston, 1893). 
 
 vii 
 
viii INTRODUCTION 
 
 Lord Barrington was the son of John Shute, first Baron 
 Barrington, of Newcastle in the county of DubHn and Viscount 
 Barrington of Ardglass in the county of Down, both in Ireland, 
 The father was one of those fortunate Englishmen, or Irish- 
 men, of that time who unexpectedly inherited money. The 
 first windfall came at the death of Mr. Francis Barrington, who 
 had married John Shute's first cousin ; the second was a 
 bequest from John Wildman of Becket, in the English county 
 of Berks, who was not related to him in any way. John Shute's 
 eldest son was born in January, 1717, and was appropriately 
 named William Wildman.^ In 1734 he succeeded to the title 
 of Viscount Barrington, and six years later entered the British 
 House of Commons as member for Berwick. In 1745, being 
 then twenty-eight years of age, he was appointed one of the 
 Lords of the Admiralty. From that time to the day of his 
 death he was in receipt of an income from the British treasury. 
 In 1753, he was appointed Master of the Great Wardrobe. 
 Two years later, in 1755, he was transferred to the War Office 
 as Secretary at War. At that time, the holder of this office 
 was practically the confidential clerk of the commander-in- 
 chief. Barrington greatly extended its dignity and usefulness, 
 and, by his firmness and kindly finesse, powerfully contributed 
 to WiUiam Pitt's successful carrying on of the war with the 
 Bourbon powers. In 1761, Newcastle caused Barrington to 
 be appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer, against the latter's 
 wishes. In the administration of Lord Bute, he held the lucra- 
 tive position of Treasurer of the Navy. In 1765, at the 
 express wish of the king, Barrington again became Secretary at 
 War. He held that post through all changes in adminis- 
 tration until December, 1778, when he resigned. He was 
 
 ^ His brothers were Major General John Barrington, Samuel Barrington, 
 Admiral of the White, and Shute Barrington, Bishop of Durham. 
 
INTRODUCTION ix 
 
 given a pension of two thousand pounds a year, which he en- 
 joyed together with the income of a sinecure office, until his 
 death on February i, 1793. For thirty-three years, from 1745 
 to 1778, this most successful of placemen fed at the public crib. 
 Ministries might come and go: Henry Pelham, the Duke of 
 Newcastle, the Duke of Devonshire, William Pitt, Lord Bute, 
 George Grenville, the Marquess of Rockingham, the Duke of 
 Grafton, and Lord North with their followers went in and out of 
 office ; but Lord Barrington, whose only principle was devo- 
 tion to his royal patrons, held on. 
 
 So fortunate an office-seeker as Lord Barrington was fiercely 
 attacked by those who were not so successful as he. His 
 letters show that he was no ordinary placeman, but one who 
 had his own ideas as to the proprieties. His position was one 
 of great difficulty during the American war, for he had no voice 
 in determining the policy of the government or the plans of 
 campaigns. From 1775 onwards, at least twice yearly he sought 
 rehef from a position that had become well-nigh intolerable 
 after the appointment of Lord George Germain to the colonial 
 secretaryship. On one occasion, he thus stated his thoughts 
 to the king: — 
 
 "I have, . . . my own opinions, in respect to the disputes 
 with America : I give them, such as they are, to Ministers in 
 conversation or in writing ; I am summoned to meetings, where 
 I sometimes think it my duty to declare them openly, before 
 perhaps twenty or thirty persons ; and the next day, I am 
 forced either to vote contrary to them, or to vote with an 
 Opposition which I abhor. I know the use and necessity of 
 practicability ; but it may be carried too far. Your Majesty 
 has condescended to be my patron ; I will have no other : be 
 pleased to determine forme, how as a man of honour, conscience, 
 and feeling, I am to act." ^ 
 
 ' Shute Barrington's Political Life of William Wildman, Viscount Barrington, 
 165. 
 
X INTRODUCTION 
 
 Barrington disapproved of the American war, or, at any 
 rate, of the way in which it was carried on. The following 
 letters reflect the soundness of his judgment so well that they 
 have been deemed worthy of reproduction in this place, al- 
 though they were written after the close of Francis Bernard's 
 term of office as Governor of Massachusetts Bay. 
 
 To the Earl of Dartmouth, November 12, 1774 
 
 "In the present state of the Colony of Massachusets, I 
 presume it is not an improbable supposition, that no magis- 
 trates will be found, who will assist with their authority in 
 executing the laws made by the ParHament of Great Britain : 
 while this situation continues, the riotous mobs, directed by the 
 factious leaders of that country, must govern it; and they 
 cannot be quelled, or even resisted by the army, which must 
 therefore remain in a disgraceful inaction ; enriching with its 
 pay a delinquent Colony, and in continual hazard of insult 
 and bloodshed. 
 
 *' If the Massachusetts should be in this state, it will immedi- 
 ately bec' (me a question, what should be done with the seven 
 regiments now there. I beg leave to submit to your Lordship, 
 not as an advice, but as a matter to be considered by better 
 heads than mine, whether they and their General, the Governor, 
 should not be directed to leave a place, where at present they 
 can do no good, and without intention, may do harm. 
 
 "If this measure should be adopted General Gage might 
 be instructed, to remind the Colony that the Parliament has 
 made laws, and the Government has sent him with a great 
 number of troops, to deliver it from tyrannical anarchy under 
 which it has long suffered ; that he should have carried this 
 good purpose into execution, if he had met with that support 
 from the magistrates and better sort of people, which was 
 naturally to be expected ; but having found none, to inform 
 them he must quit the Colony, leaving it in its present dis- 
 tracted state, until it shall become disposed to co-operate in 
 helping itself to a better. 
 
 "It is unnecessary to trouble your Lordship now with my 
 opinion, where the troops should be stationed after their re- 
 moval from the Massachusetts; but there are places not far 
 
INTRODUCTION xi 
 
 distant, where so many of them as shall be thought needful, 
 may remain in safety with convenience, and at moderate 
 expense, till a proper juncture shall offer for their return. In 
 the mean time, I humbly conceive that the naval force may be 
 so employed, as must necessarily reduce the Colony to sub- 
 mission, without shedding a drop of blood. 
 
 "The Island (which I believe is called Castle William) 
 being separated from the rest of the Colony, a regiment may 
 continue there with safety, if Government shall judge it ex- 
 pedient." 
 
 To the Earl of Dartmouth^ December 24, 1714 
 
 "Our disputes with North America have not at present the 
 foundation of interest ; for the contest will cost us more, than 
 we can ever gain by the success. 
 
 "I do not believe, any Ministry will ever attempt another 
 internal tax on the Americans, by Act of Parliament ; and 
 experience has shewn, that we have not strength in that part 
 of our dominions to levy such taxes, against an universal 
 opinion prevailing there, that we have no right to lay them. 
 Besides, many among ourselves, though persuaded of the 
 right, doubt at least the equity of such taxations ; as Parlia- 
 ment is less acquainted with the state of the Colonies than of 
 Great Britain, and as Members of neither House are to bear 
 any part of the burthen they impose. 
 
 "The fair deduction from these premises is, that, whatever 
 might be the case when the Stamp duty was first imposed, our 
 present contest is about the point of honour only ; which point, 
 however, can in certain situations be as little yielded to our 
 Colonies, as to our neighbours. 
 
 " It is greatly to be lamented, that the North Americans have 
 not enabled us to make concessions to them : much might have 
 been ceded to their duty and obedience, which must be refused 
 to their insolence and resistance. The point under considera- 
 tion at present is, how the mother country should act towards 
 Colonies, one of which seems to be in actual rebelhon, and many 
 more on the verge of it. 
 
 "I will begin with the Massachusetts, whose conduct has 
 merited the most severe chastisement, and is such as would 
 justify conquest ; but I am against employing troops to con- 
 quer that country, for the following reasons. 
 
xii INTRODUCTION 
 
 ''First. I doubt whether all the troops in North America, 
 though probably enow for a pitched battle with the strength 
 of the Province, are enow to subdue it ; being of great extent, 
 and full of men accustomed to lire arms. It is true, they have 
 not hitherto been thought brave ; but enthusiasm gives vigour 
 of mind and body, unknown before. If the Massachusetts 
 (with whom the inhabitants of Connecticut and Rhode Island 
 are said to have made common cause) were conquered, they 
 must be kept under by large armies and fortresses ; the expense 
 of which would be ruinous and endless. 
 
 " Second. Because the most successful conquest, that can be 
 imagined, must produce the horrors and bloodshed of civil war. 
 
 "Third. Because a conquest by land is unnecessary ; when 
 the country can be reduced first by distress, and then to obe- 
 dience, by our Marine totally interrupting all commerce and 
 fishery, and even seizing all the ships in the ports, with very 
 little expense and less bloodshed. 
 
 "To this might be added, the punishment of the factious 
 chiefs, by Impeachment or Bill, if their persons can be secured ; 
 but till then, any judicial proceedings would provoke but not 
 hurt, and confer the palm of martyrdom without the pain of 
 it ; which is the perfection of fanatical beatitude. 
 
 "In respect to the other Colonies south of New England, a 
 strict execution of the Act of Navigation, and other restrictive 
 laws would probably be sufficient at present; and a small 
 addition of frigates and sloops would so execute those laws, 
 as to prevent almost all commerce with foreign states. Those 
 Colonies should also be left to deal with the Indians ; the 
 Mother Country withdrawing the estabhshments made since 
 the beginning of the late war for the management of Indian 
 affairs, and kept up till this day at a great expense. 
 
 "Though we must depend on our smaller ships for the active 
 part of this plan, I think a squadron of ships of the fine should 
 be stationed in North America ; both to prevent the interven- 
 tion of foreign powers, and any attempt of the Colonies to 
 attack our smaller vessels by sea. 
 
 "It remains to be considered, what should be done with our 
 troops. I think they should by no means remain inactive at 
 Boston ; where their spirits will be cowed, while the Colony will 
 be amazingly enriched. They should not be quartered in any 
 of the Provinces, which have sent Deputies to the Congress ; 
 
INTRODUCTION Xiil 
 
 for if in a large body, they will enrich those Colonies, as they 
 now do New England ; and if separated into small ones, they 
 will certainly be useless, and probably insulted. Very good 
 quarters may be provided for them in Canada, Nova Scotia, 
 and East Florida, till they can be employed with good effect 
 elsewhere. There is still a small detachment in the Illinois, 
 which can no longer be supplied by the Ohio, is useless on the 
 Mississippi, and should be withdrawn. 
 
 "If these ideas arc well-founded, the Colonies will in a few 
 months feel their distress ; their spirits not animated by any 
 Httle successes on their part, or violence of persecution on ours, 
 will sink ; they will be consequently inclined to treat, probably 
 to submit to a certain degree ; and in my humble opinion, the 
 whole is then over, for with dignity we may make them con- 
 cessions. I repeat, our contest is merely a point of honour ; and 
 Cardinal de Retz wisely observes quHl n'y a rien, qui doit moins 
 s'outrer que Vhonneur. The Colonies will feel we are their 
 masters, and will be less provoking for the future ; and if we 
 are wise, we shall for the future abstain from all ideas of 
 internal taxation. 
 
 "I beg leave to add a word more on this subject. When 
 three out of four taxes were repealed in the Duke of Grafton's 
 ministry, I proposed in the House of Commons to repeal them 
 all, where they had not been resisted, and to repeal none of 
 them where they had been. I mentioned somewhat similar 
 last year to a meeting at Lord North's. If the tea duty were 
 this season repealed in Canada, Nova Scotia, Georgia, East and 
 West Florida, I cannot help thinking it would produce very 
 good consequences ; and would shew the refractory Colonies 
 that obedience is a sure way to be relieved. 
 
 "Pardon, my dear Lord, this liberty. I have accustomed 
 myself for near thirty years, to lay my opinions before Minis- 
 ters ; and as this was the only trouble I gave them, they took 
 it in good part. Possibly all my ideas, and many others, may 
 have been suggested to your own mind by the subject : God 
 grant, that you and the other Ministers may adopt those meas- 
 ures, that may give us peace and prosperity." 
 
 Upon the sanguine expectation of the force, which it might 
 be practicable to send out to America, Lord Barrington thought 
 
xiv INTRODUCTION 
 
 it his duty to attempt to undeceive the Minister as soon as 
 possible; and in July, 1775, addressed the following letter to 
 the American Secretary : — 
 
 To the Earl of Dartmouth, July ji, 7775 
 
 *'Mr. Pownall having mentioned to me this day, that it was 
 intended the force in North America should by next Spring be 
 raised to twenty thousand regulars, I told him it was clearly 
 my opinion, that no such number could be raised or procured for 
 this purpose ; and therefore ventured to recommend strongly, 
 that no expectation of the kind should be given, in the dis- 
 patches going out to the Colonics. General Harvey was pres- 
 ent, and joined in this opinion, which I dare say Mr. Pownall 
 intends to mention to your Lordship : but as the vast multi- 
 phcity of affairs, now going through his hands, may prevent 
 his remembering it, I think it safest in this manner, to state 
 it to your Lordship, with all due deference to better opinions." 
 
 To this he added, on the same day, the following letter to 
 his Majesty : — ■ 
 
 To the King, July ji, I'jjs 
 
 "I have just finished a long conference with Sir John Bla- 
 quiere, General Harvey, and Mr. Pownall. I think I may ven- 
 ture to say, that every thing ordered by your Majesty, in the 
 two letters dated 29th, and one dated the 30th of this month, 
 has been clearly communicated to the several persons, con- 
 cerned in the execution ; and I trust there will be no mistake 
 made by any of them. I have seen the commissions framed 
 for Major-Generals Howe and Carleton, which I conceive to 
 be clear, and sufficient to answer your Majesty's purpose in 
 granting them. 
 
 "I wish, Sir, most cordially, that the force intended for 
 North America may be raised in time, to be sent thither next 
 Spring ; but I not only fear, but am confident, the proposed 
 augmentation cannot possibly be raised, and ought not to be 
 depended on." 
 
 A few days after he sent the following, on the same subject, 
 to the Prime Minister: — 
 
INTRODUCTION XV 
 
 To Lord North, August 8, 7775 
 
 "I have several plans under consideration, for raising for- 
 eigners and Irishmen, to serve in our regiments. Those of 
 them which seem practicable and proper, I will report to your 
 Lordship ; for as it is the measure of Government to have a 
 large army in North America, it is my duty and incUnation to 
 make that measure succeed to the utmost ; though my own 
 opinion always has been and still is, that the Americans may be 
 reduced by the fleet, but never can be by the army. I wish I 
 could flatter myself, that the utmost exertion of our endeavours 
 would produce the recruits we shall want, before next Spring." 
 
 Two months after, he addressed a fifth letter, as follows, to 
 the American Secretary: — 
 
 To the Earl of Dartmouth, October 26, iJ^S 
 
 "On my arrival at the War OfiEice last Monday, I found that 
 five regiments were to be sent from Ireland, in the beginning of 
 December : I am not apprised where they are going ; but I 
 conclude from universal report, that they are intended to act 
 as a separate corps in North America, to the southward. If 
 there should be an idea of such a force marching up the coun- 
 try, I hope it will not be entertained ; for there must be great 
 danger of its wanting many essential necessaries, where there 
 is so Httle to be had, so much desire to prevent the having that 
 little, so much difflculty in conveying artillery, stores, pro- 
 visions, &c. and so much hazard of losing communication with 
 the ships. As to other dangers, I am no judge. 
 
 "Allow me once more, my dear Lord, to remind you of the 
 necessity there is, in all military matters, not to stir a step 
 without full consultation of able military men, after giving 
 them the most perfect knowledge of the whole matter under 
 consideration, with all its circumstances. 
 
 "I am sensible nothing can excuse the frequent liberties of 
 this kind which I take, but an honest disinterested anxiety 
 for the public, and desire to serve the King and his Adminis- 
 tration." ^ 
 
 ' Shute Barrington's Political Life of William Wildman, Viscount Barrington, 
 compiled from Original Papers, 140-152. 
 
xvi INTRODUCTION 
 
 Francis Bernard came of a distinguished English family and 
 was a man of scholarly instincts and some learning. He was 
 bred to the law ; but financial reasons compelled him to leave 
 London for the provinces. He settled at the cathedral city of 
 Lincoln, becoming steward of that city and later, recorder of 
 the neighboring town of Boston. In 1741, he married Amelia 
 Offley, granddaughter of Benjamin Shute. Her mother was 
 the sister of the first Viscount Barrington and of Colonel 
 Shute, sometime Governor of Massachusetts. Francis Ber- 
 nard soon became intimate with his wife's successful relative, 
 the second Lord Barrington. When the pressure of a growing 
 family began to bear heavily on Bernard's resources, Barring- 
 ton secured for him the position of Governor of New Jersey, 
 and a few years later obtained for him the more lucrative office 
 of Governor of Massachusetts Bay. Throughout Bernard's 
 American career, Barrington was his faithful friend and adviser, 
 although with his own tact and accommodating disposition, 
 the doings of his cousin's husband must have oftentimes been 
 exceedingly annoying. After Bernard's return to England, 
 even Barrington's influence could not save him from the fate 
 that his lack of tact and harshness of utterance brought upon 
 him. George III and Lord North were too shrewd not to 
 realize that the unfortunate course of events in Massachusetts 
 in the ten years following 1760 was largely due to his incapac- 
 ity. They provided Bernard with a pension, but took Httle 
 interest in seeing that it was paid. As one means of relieving 
 the exchequer, Sir Francis was appointed one of the Com- 
 missioners of Customs for Ireland. This appointment troubled 
 him because he did not wish to go to Ireland, and the whole 
 matter had the appearance of putting him on the shelf. At 
 the time of the excitement in London over the behavior of the 
 Boston people toward the East India Company and its tea 
 
INTRODUCTION xvii 
 
 Bernard, according to William Knox, ''infused the opinion into 
 Lord North" that the mode of drawing jurors in Massachusetts 
 should be regulated and that town meetings should be pre- 
 vented. The ordinary idea is that these suggestions came from 
 Lord George Germain, but Knox was at the center of affairs, 
 although he may have forgotten the precise details at the time 
 he made this entry. ^ At all events, in 1774, Sir Francis Ber- 
 nard's name was restored to the pension roll and arrangements 
 were made for the support of Lady Bernard and the children 
 as appears from a letter written by Thomas Hutchinson on the 
 fourth day of December in that year: — 
 
 "S"^. F. Bernard has obtained a pension of £800 for himself, 
 and 4oo£ Lady Bernard, and a place of better than 2oo£ a 
 year for his son Tom ; all which makes him happy, and I think 
 more healthy. He has been with me as a lodger for 10 or 11 
 days, in a house which I have taken three doors above Park 
 Place, very pleasant and well furnished. We live in great 
 friendship." ^ 
 
 Lady Bernard never enjoyed her separate pension, as she 
 died in May, 1778, slightly more than a year before Sir Francis 
 himself. The two following letters written by his son, Thomas, 
 form an appropriate close to this brief survey of the life of 
 the next to the last royal governor of Massachusetts : — 
 
 To the Earl of Hillsborough, June 30, 1779 
 
 My Lord, 
 
 The Countenance & Support that your Lordship has at all 
 Times given to my late Father Sir Francis Bernard ^ induce 
 me to hope that your Lordship will excuse the Liberty I 
 
 ^ Royal Historical Manuscripts Commission's Reports, Various Collections, 
 vi, 257. There is no date to this entry in the "Knox Papers." It may be that 
 the narrator's recollection was a little at fault ; certainly it is to be hoped that 
 Bernard did not give the fatal advice attributed to him. 
 
 ^ Diary and Letters of Thomas Hutchinson, i, 313 note. 
 
 'Followed by "& the many Favors that you have conferred upon him," 
 then crossed off. 
 
xviii INTRODUCTION 
 
 take in entreating you that the inclosed Letter to Lord North 
 may pass to his Lordship's hands through your ISIediation. 
 I hope I do not presume too much in this Request ; & as there 
 are Some Parts of the Letter which may require Explanation 
 I hope your Lordship will permit me to wait upon you ; I 
 will do myself the honor of calling tomorrow Morning to know 
 when it will be agreeable. 
 
 I have the honor to be with 
 great Respect, 
 
 Your Lordships faithful 
 & most obed humble Serv 
 Lincolns Inn. 30 June 1779 Thomas Bernard 
 
 The Right honble 
 The Earl of Hillsborough 
 
 To Lord North, July i, 1779 
 
 My Lord,^ 
 
 I trust that your Lordship will pardon an Application 
 occasioned by the Death of my Father the late Sir Francis 
 Bernard ; whose private Fortune, never considerable, is so 
 far from having been increased in the Service of Government, 
 that it has been eventually diminished ; as I think I could 
 easily explain to your Lordship's Satisfaction. 
 
 My Lord Barrington's Goodness to me - & the Marriage 
 of my eldest Sister have made our Situations easy ; but the 
 very slender Provision, wliich my late Father was able to make 
 for my youngest Brother & my three younger Sisters, com- 
 pels me to beseech your Lordship's favor with his ^Lijesty 
 for a Continuance to them of Some Small Part of lus Pension, 
 either in four separate Sums of £100 each, or as Shall be 
 thought proper. Permit me to say that the Favor will not 
 be unworthy of your Lordsliip's benevolent Disposition, & I 
 pray you to excuse the Pride with which I add that it is not 
 
 ' "Bernard Papers," vol. xii, 303, 311. These letters are endorsed on the back : 
 "Thomas Bernard to Lord North July i. 1779. on the death of his father Sir 
 Francis Bernard." 
 
 -In another draft of this letter {ibid., xii, 319) after the words "to me" 
 the following was inserted : " (in recommending me to the Appoint^ of one of the 
 Deps: Comms of Musters)." 
 
INTRODUCTION xix 
 
 unmerited by the Zeal & Integrity with which my Father 
 devoted his Life and Abilities to the Service of his Majesty. 
 
 I have the honor to be 
 i^\ July. 1779 Your Lordship's dutiful 
 
 & obedient Servant 
 
 Thomas Bernard 
 The Right honble 
 Lord North 
 
 Bernard's personality comes out clearly in the following let- 
 ters. His growing family and his aristocratic desires made nec- 
 essary a larger income. The only way that he could see to 
 improve his fortune was to secure places and pensions for 
 himself and his children, to get an augmentation of salary, and 
 to secure whatever additional grants he could from the treas- 
 ury. As these letters were written to his political backer in 
 England, these matters are constantly mentioned in them and 
 give one an impression of sordidness of character that was 
 really foreign to Sir Francis's nature. Among other gains was 
 the gift of Mt. Desert Island from the Massachusetts Assem- 
 bly in the early years of Bernard's tenure of office. Unfortu- 
 nately for him, Mt. Desert was outside of the territory which 
 was at the disposal of the provincial assembly. It required 
 the confirmation of the king and this proved to be no easy 
 matter to obtain. 
 
 Had Bernard's career in Massachusetts been in other times, 
 it is conceivable that he might have had a pleasant and profit- 
 able term of office, for his scholarly tastes would have been in 
 harmony with his surroundings. His fall from colonial grace 
 came soon after the grant of Mt. Desert and grew out of the 
 affair of the Writs of Assistance. The Assembly had passed a 
 bill designed to mitigate some of the objections to the use of 
 these general search warrants. Bernard felt obhged to negative 
 this law. This affair was hardly smoothed over when the 
 
XX INTRODUCTION 
 
 passage of the Stamp Act aroused sharp differences that con- 
 tinued to the end. 
 
 Governor Bernard did not approve of the project of taxing 
 America by act of Parliament, as it was attempted. He thought 
 that the provincial governments should be thoroughly re- 
 formed before anything of the kind was done. Besides, he 
 wrote that Massachusetts in 1765 was burdened with taxes. 
 His scheme for colonial reformation was to assimilate the pro- 
 vincial governments to that of Ireland. At a later time, he 
 argued for the admission of American representatives to the 
 imperial Parliament. Barrington put this suggestion aside 
 with the assertion that there were not ten men in both Houses 
 of Parliament who would favor any such project. At the time 
 of the Stamp Act commotions, Bernard had applied for 
 troops. Arrangements had been made for sending soldiers 
 to Boston when he changed his mind and refrained from 
 using the discretionary orders that had been placed in his 
 hands. 
 
 From November, 1765, Bernard was exceedingly anxious 
 to return to England, or to be transferred to some other colony. 
 Barrington opposed these projects of return, but procured for 
 him a discretionary letter of recall. Barrington also used his 
 influence to procure a more advantageous post for his cousin's 
 husband. Finally Bernard was on the point of being trans- 
 ferred to Virginia with the title of baronet, when the necessity 
 for providing for Lord Botetourt prevented the former. 
 Instead, Bernard was given the title without the payment of 
 any fees, and was ordered home to report on the state of the 
 province. Two things had made it extremely desirable for 
 him to leave Massachusetts in 1769. When it had been 
 determined to send troops to Boston in 1768, following on the 
 seizure of the sloop Liberty, Barrington had foreseen that the 
 
INTRODUCTION xxi 
 
 Quartering Act would be unworkable. The soldiers had not 
 been hospitably received and the officers laid some of the blame 
 for this on the governor. Bernard excused himself as well as 
 he could, but he had become unpopular with the soldiers as 
 well as with the people. The dislike of the latter had been 
 greatly increased by the printing of Bernard's ofi&cial letters to 
 his superiors in England. These had been laid before Parlia- 
 ment and had become public property. There is nothing in 
 the letters printed in this volume, nor anywhere in the ''Ber- 
 nard Papers," to explain the cessation of the cordial relations 
 which for a decade had subsisted between Lord Barrington and 
 Sir Francis Bernard. All that can be said is that the last ten 
 years of Bernard's hfe were out of keeping with the promise of 
 the ten years of his American career.^ 
 Lord Barrington's letters are in his own hand and are the 
 
 ^The first two volumes of Mrs. Napier Higgins' The Bernards of Ahington 
 and Nether Winchendon, A Family History (4 vols., London, 1903) contains 
 what is substantially a life of Sir Francis Bernard. On library catalogues this 
 work is sometimes entered under Mrs. Higgins' baptismal name Sophia, which 
 does not appear on the title page. She knew that thirteen volumes of Governor 
 Bernard's papers were in the Harvard College Library, and thus referred to them 
 in her preface : " Documents illustrating the most critical period of the history 
 of England in its relations with America have been allowed to fall into American 
 hands, and it has not therefore been practicable for me to consult them." To 
 this book should be added The Political Life of William Wildman, Viscount 
 Barrington, compiled from Original Papers by his brother, Shute, Bishop of Durham 
 (London, 1814). 
 
 Some of the matter contained in this volume has already been printed in the 
 Select Letters on the Trade and Government of America by Governor Bernard 
 (London, 1774). Many of these are again reprinted in one or more of the fol- 
 lowing books : Copy of the Complaint of the Hoiise of Representatives of Massa- 
 chuset's-Bay against Sir Francis Bernard: with Sir Francis Bernard's Answer 
 (no date) ; Conduct of the Late Administration examined, relative to the American 
 Stamp-Act (London, 1777); and Almon's Collection of Interesting, Authentic 
 Papers relative to the Dispute between Great Britain and America, 1764-1775. 
 This last was published at London in 1777 and is always referred to as the 
 "Prior Documents" from the running headline. Other original matter from 
 Bernard's pen is to be found in Letters to the Ministry from Governor Bernard, 
 
xxii INTRODUCTION 
 
 originals received by Governor Bernard and filed away by him. 
 Bernard's letters are from his "Letter Books." Some of them 
 were undoubtedly copied from the letters as sent ; in other 
 cases it is not unlikely that the letters are copied from Bernard's 
 original drafts written, possibly, upon a chance sheet of paper 
 and destroyed after copying. The drafts are in several hands, 
 being written by clerks or scribes whom Bernard employed ; 
 in a few instances the chirography changes in the midst of a 
 letter. They are corrected, interhned, and re-written so much 
 that it is difficult to reproduce them in print. The attempt is 
 here made in the text and in the notes to show the original 
 spelling, capitalization, and punctuation. In arranging the 
 correspondence, the plan has been followed of placing Bar- 
 rington's letters immediately after those of Bernard to which 
 they refer ; but this has not always been found to be pos- 
 sible. 
 
 In the Appendix are some papers relating to the financial 
 and military limitations of the functions of a provincial 
 governor. These are general in their nature and do not 
 relate particularly to Massachusetts. Appendix III contains 
 a long one-sided statement of the course of events in Massa- 
 chusetts, beginning with 1766 and including a narrative of 
 the tea troubles. The author and date of writing are both 
 unknown, but the document is so valuable in its point of view 
 
 General Gage, and Coinmodore Hood (Boston, 1769); Letters to the Right Hon- 
 ourable ike Earl of Hillsborough, from Governor Bernard, General Gage, and the 
 Honourable His Majesty's Council of Massachusetts Bay (Boston, 1769) ; and in 
 Alden Bradford's Speeches of the Governors of Massachusetts, from 1765 to 1775; 
 and the Answers of the House of Representatives (Boston, 1818). There is a good 
 deal of material relating to Bernard in the Diary and Letters of Thomas Hutchin- 
 son edited by P. O. Hutchinson (2 vols., Boston, 1884-86), and in the third 
 volume sf Hutchinson's History of Massachusetts Bay (London, 1828). Of mod- 
 em accounts that by J. K. Hosmer in his Life of Thomas Hutchinson (Boston, 
 1896) is perhaps the best. 
 
INTRODUCTION xxiii 
 
 that it has been thought worthy of a place in this volume. All 
 the matter in the Appendix is drawn from the "Bernard 
 Papers." 
 
 Edward Channing, 
 Archibald Gary Coolidge, 
 
 Committee of Publication. 
 Cambridge, Massachusetts, 
 August 6, 191 2. 
 
THE BARRINGTON-BERNARD 
 CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD i 
 
 Cavendish Square i6^'' April 1759 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 Some time since I received your Letter concerning Colonel 
 Peter Schuyler, of whose merit I have heard much, & whose 
 character I greatly admire ; & yet perhaps he might not shine 
 so much, commanding a Corps of Regulars, as he does with 
 his command of Provincials. The Army is a trade in which 
 a man must begin his apprenticeship young; be that as it 
 may, a proposition of the kind you mention must not come 
 from the War Office; it can only come with effect from the 
 Commander in Chief in America. I beg this may not dis- 
 courage you from giving me future hints : I shall always think 
 myself obliged by them. 
 
 Since my last I have had the affliction to lose my Sister Price, 
 who died in childbed of her tenth child. She was threaten'd 
 with a cancer, a circumstance I did not know before her death, 
 & which is certainly some alleviation of the concern it gives 
 to all her friends. I hope you, M? Bernard, & the Httle 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. ix (Correspondence), p. 39. The letter to which 
 this is a reply is not among the "Bernard Papers"; usually Barrington's letters 
 are in answer to one or more from Bernard. 
 
2 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 family with you continue perfectly well, & pleased with your 
 situation. 
 I am with the greatest truth esteem & regard 
 
 Dear Sir 
 
 your most obedient 
 humble Servant 
 
 Barrington 
 His Excellency Fra*? Bernard EsqF 
 Govf of New Jersey. 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON ^ 
 
 Perth- Amboy Mar. 22. 1759 
 My Lord 
 
 As I know it will be agreeable to your Lordship to hear of 
 the good Success of my proceedings here ; I give you the trouble 
 to inform you that there is the utmost harmony between me 
 & the Assembly, which has been lately made Evident in a 
 Sessions just now ended; where the Public business has been 
 expedited with an unanimity & dispatch scarce ever known 
 before. For proof whereof I beg leave to inclose such of the 
 proceedings as have been printed in the Neighbouring News 
 papers. 
 
 As I tliink it necessary to endeavour to get this province 
 favoured in such articles as the Abilities of y^ People will 
 reccommend them to; & also to serve, in the best Manner I 
 can, those Gentlemen to whom I am most indebted for the 
 Support of the Government & the Assistance of myself: I 
 must beg the favour of your Lordship, that, — if the present 
 Conquests, any future acquisitions, or other establishments 
 should afford an Opportunity, you wou*^ Grant a Victualling 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. i (Letter Book), p. 167. 
 
NEW JERSEY - 
 
 contract to this port ; for which there is none other in America 
 so fit ; as this Province, besides its exports Elsewhere, supplies 
 the Port of New York with the greatest part of their VittuaU- 
 ing Store. 
 
 The Person whom I would reccommend for this undertaking 
 is John Stevens Esq', Member of the Assembly for this City, 
 a very Considerable Land-holder, & throughly acquainted 
 with the several branches of trade, & now Commissary for 
 Cloathing &c the New Jersey Regiment. His Influence & 
 abilities have given him opportunity of being of the greatest 
 use in the Support of the Government. & his friendly Dispo- 
 sition has made him very serviceable to me in my private 
 affairs. In short, our connections are such, that a favour of 
 this kind to him would be the same as if done to myself. 
 
 I ought to be ashamed in troubHng your Lordship again, 
 after having received so many favours ; but I hope it will be 
 understood, that I make no request to your Lordship, without 
 the Condition, that It is agreeable to your Lordships senti- 
 ments & convenience. 
 
 My house is at Present a War-office & hke to continue so 
 for a month longer ; when I hope to have my regiment to a 
 man in the field, under the Command of Col. Schuyler. We 
 are three weeks earlier in this business this year then the last ; 
 I can truly say that I have not lost a day. 
 
 We are all very well & desire that Our Complim^^ may be 
 
 acceptable to your Lordship, your Lady, Lady Dowager & all 
 
 our friends. I am my Lord, 
 
 your Lordships & 
 
 &c &c &c 
 Lord Barrington. 
 
4 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD HARRINGTON i (?) 
 
 Perth Amboy May 23 1759 
 My Lord 
 
 I acknowledged your Lordships favor of the ^^^ of Fabry, 
 by the last packet, intending to give your Lordship a further 
 trouble concerning your kind hint, when I had got my regi- 
 ment of Jersey blues in the field : These I have had the pleas- 
 ure to see embarked for Albany 2 days ago compleately clothed 
 & furnished well officerd & full to a man. And now I am 
 at liberty to think of other things. If the pecuHar circum- 
 stances of my family did not require an uncommon exertion 
 to make a provision for them, I should condemn myself for 
 thinking of another Government. But 'till Nature sets 
 bounds to the Number of my children, (which is not done yet) 
 I know not how to limit my wants or desires. Upon this 
 account only can I desire another Government : & I cant 
 but consider that in pursuing one advantage, I shall lose 
 some others that I set an Value upon. There are several 
 agreable circumstances in my present situation, which I can- 
 not expect to have improved, but must have some of them 
 impaired by removing from hence. They are cheifly these, 
 The Health & Beauty of the Country; the good disposition 
 of the people in a political sense, or, what answers the same 
 purpose, their favourable Opinion of me; the free & easy 
 Way of life in which I am permitted to live in, being quite 
 of the Way of form & parade. As to the first of these, I 
 look upon this Town to be the precise spot of a medium of 
 the temperature of this province (besides its peculiar healthi- 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. i (Letter Book), p. 173. This is undoubtedly to 
 Lord Barrington, but the letter mentioned, dated Feb. 5, is not among these 
 papers. In the manuscript the last part of the letter is crowded together on 
 the page, leaving barely room for the letters, "L'^B." 
 
DESIRE FOR CHANGE 5 
 
 ness above other places in the same latitude) ; & that whoever 
 goes North or South of this province, changes his situation 
 for the worse. Therefore, in regard to Climate, I should not 
 care to go North of New York or South of Pennsylvania, & 
 therefore should confine my desires to the two next neigh- 
 bouring Governments. In regard to the political disposition 
 of the people No one can assure himself of an easy Govern- 
 ment in the former, or can hope for it in the latter. If, in- 
 deed, the appointments of Governors should be settled by 
 Parhament so as to make them independent of the people 
 (which has been much talked of & cannot be done too soon) 
 I could venture on any government & trust to my discretion 
 supported by independency. Or if Pennsylvania should be 
 made a royal Government (which must be done, however 
 reluctant the proprietors may be to it) and a fixed Salary 
 should be settled on the Governor, I would venture on that. 
 And till these things are done, there will be no restoring peace 
 to that distracted province. I will trust your Lordship 
 
 with a foible of mine, which, if known, would lower me in the 
 Opinion of the prudent & discreet men of the World. I find I 
 have a good deal of public Spirit in me & take a pleasure in 
 doing my Country service, where my own intrest is not 
 equally concerned. I know of no greater Service, that this 
 Country affords for a pubHc spirited Man (except the defend- 
 ing it from its enemies) than settling the disorders, heahng 
 the divisions & ballancing the constitutions of the Govern- 
 ments; & there is no province that affords so arduous & so 
 glorious a task as Pennsylvania. With a prospect of success 
 in so great a work (which, with proper assistance from the 
 Crown & also, if necessary, from the Parliament, might be 
 hoped for) I think, I could give up the ease & pleasure I have 
 here ; which I should think ill exchanged for any money, did 
 
6 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 not the considerations before mentioned intervene. But I am 
 far from desiring this; & it is probable, that things are not 
 ripe enough for such an alteration. If therefore my services 
 should be thought sufficient to intitle me to further favors, 
 It is possible, I may be able to point out some means of mak- 
 ing some addition to what I now enjoy, without my quitting 
 this Government. If I can explain myself farther on this 
 subject I shall do it by the first opportunity. 
 
 I am going to the Southward parts of this province next 
 week, & from thence shall cross over to Philadelphia; where 
 I shall learn the particulars of a new revolution in that City. 
 It seems the Governor has consented to a bill for taxing the 
 unimproved lands, contrary to the principal article of his 
 instructions : and the Assembly has given him one of the 3 
 years Salary they owed him. They say, he might have had 
 the whole if he had required it : but now they say, he must 
 do another job to get the other two years. This is not to be 
 wonderd at : for it is well known, that the proprietors have 
 been for some time looking out for another governor; & there- 
 fore, they must not be surprized if the present endeavours 
 to get in his arrears before he goes. But it will be strange, 
 if this does not open the eyes of the proprietors & make them 
 see the necessity of surrendring the government to the King 
 after having the right of the proprietorship settled by private 
 concessions. This was the Case of New Jersey : the taxing 
 the proprietors unsettled Estates was the chief bone of con- 
 tention between them & the Assembly, till the surrender of 
 the Government after which It was never so much as at- 
 tempted. I am &c 
 
GOVERNOR OF MASSACHUSETTS 7 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD ^ 
 
 Cavendish Square 14. Nov'. 1759. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I have to my shame I confess it, several Letters of your's 
 which I have not yet acknowledged. Some of them relate to 
 forfeited Lands concerning wliich M^ Pownal and I have had 
 several conversations. I need not explain the difficulties we 
 should have found in a pursuit of that nature, as a fortunate 
 circumstance has offer'd which will carry you from new 
 Jersey to Boston. The Death of Colonel Haldane Governour 
 of Jamaica has occasion'd a general promotion of Governours 
 in America : M^ Lyttelton goes to Jamaica, M!^ Pownall to 
 Carolina, you go to Boston & M^ Boon succeeds you. I 
 found Lord Halifax in the best disposition to shew his regard 
 for you and approbation of your conduct, & I am to wish 
 you Joy of the thing you desired, given in the manner that 
 must please you the most. I will endeavour that your In- 
 structions shall be as little Inconvenient to you as possible, 
 and shall be happy in every opportunity of shewing my sincere 
 regard & affection for you and your family. I hope this 
 change will not be less agreable to my Cousin than it is to 
 you ; & I beg you will convey to her my sincere Compliments 
 & congratulations. 
 
 I have not time to give you an Account of our Successes 
 in Europe & in Asia as well as in America. They are great, 
 and I hope they will produce us a good Peace; but hitherto 
 no Overtures of that sort have been made. 
 
 All M"? Bernard's Relations in my family are well, except 
 M. Gen! Barrington who got an unlucky Accident ashooting 
 in Norfolk : a friend of his firing at a Partridge one of the 
 
 ^"Bernard Papers," vol. ix (Correspondence), p. 73. 
 
8 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 shots touched the white of his Eye. He has been blind of 
 
 that Eye ever since, & has sufferd great pain in different 
 
 parts of his head; but he is now much easyer, the Eye is 
 
 coming to itself, and there is the greatest reason to think he 
 
 will recover the Use of it. The other Eye never was in the 
 
 least affected. All of us join in sincere Compliments & 
 
 wishes to you and M'? Bernard. I am with the greatest 
 
 truth & regard 
 
 Dear Sir 
 
 Your Excellency's 
 
 most faithful & 
 
 most obedient Servl^ 
 
 It is expected that Barrington 
 
 in a few days your 
 
 Appointment will go thro 
 
 the forms of the Council. 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD i 
 
 Cavendish Square 22^ Feb^ 1760 
 Dear Sir 
 
 I receiv'd with great pleasure the account you sent me of M"'^ 
 Bernards' safe delivery. I have communicated this good 
 news in the manner you desire to her Relations here, who all 
 join with me in compliments to her & you on this occasion, 
 
 I hope you receiv'd my Letter acquainting you with your 
 removal to the Government of New England. I flatter 
 myself the change will be advantageous for you ; the most 
 sanguine wish of your friends cannot go farther than that 
 the People over whom you are going to preside may think 
 of you, & act towards you as you deserve. 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. ix (Correspondence), p. 93. The letter to which 
 this is a reply is not in the " Bernard Papers." 
 
COURSE OF THE WAR g 
 
 A little time will shew what expectations we may form of 
 Peace, but we are acting as if there were to be the most vigor- 
 ous continuation of War. Prince Ferdinand's Army will not 
 consist of less than 90,000 men, and no other part of the 
 World will be neglected. 
 
 I am with my best wishes 
 Dear Sir 
 
 Your Excellency's 
 most faithful and 
 
 most obedient Servant 
 
 Barrington 
 P.S. 
 
 I have sometimes the 
 
 pleasure to see my Godson 
 
 who I assure you, without 
 
 flattery, is a very fine 
 
 Youth, & is reckon'd one 
 
 of the best Scholars of 
 
 Westminster. 
 
 His Excellency 
 
 Francis Bernard Esq' &c. &c. &c. 
 at New Jersey. America. 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON 1 
 
 Perth Amboy feb 18''' 1760 
 My Lord 
 
 I received Your Lordships favor of Nov 14"" last fryday & 
 
 want words to express my thankfullness to your Lordship for 
 
 your kind & Earnest Care of us. I need not repeat to your 
 
 Lordship, that it is upon my Childrens account only that I 
 
 ^"Bernard Papers," vol. i (Letter Book), p. 194. 
 
lo BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 have solicited this advancement, in regard to ourselves, we 
 shall quit this place with regret, as the People have joined 
 with the Country & Climate to engage our Affection for it. 
 & therefore Your Lordship must not be surprised if some 
 years hence when I can better afford to perfer ease & pleasure 
 to profit, I shall trouble your Lordsliip to get me sent back 
 to Amboy : wliich I suppose will alhvays be an easier task 
 than the present has been; as competitors for governments 
 are. in General, more attentive to the income than the Situa- 
 tion. 
 
 I have not been able at Yet to form any Certain Judgment 
 of tlie Value of that Government : It is generally said to be 
 worth ^1500 Sterhng pT an. If so, as it is undoubtedly a 
 cheaper market than N York, I think we shall live for half 
 that ^loney ; especially as IMF Pownall has established a life 
 of reserve which tho' I could not so well begin it myself I 
 can follow, & shall, as far as it is Convenient with the honours 
 of the Place. As I am order'd to stay here 'till M' Boone 
 comes, I reckon I shall not set out for Boston till some time 
 in May next ; as soon as I get a little settled there, I will 
 acquaint your Lordship with the particular situation & the 
 Circumstances of the Governm* It is one good one, that, 
 
 as I am assured, ]\P Pownall has brought it into very good 
 order ; & I doubt not but I shall keep it so, as I have no 
 reason to fear that any impracticable instructions will interfere. 
 
 I this day rec^ a letter from Gen! Amherst, desiring that I 
 would set my Assembly about providing for the Campaign. 
 But I must have a letter from M^ Pitt before they will mind 
 me. It seems to me inevitable that the Pro^•incial troops 
 must take the field this Year, tho' there is little more to do 
 than to take possession. But I hope the amazing Series of 
 Success, that has attended his Majesty's arms, will authorise 
 
SALARY AND FEES ii 
 
 him to retain Canada : and I can assure your Lordship that 
 that Acquisition only will be worth all the Expences of the 
 War. 
 
 We are extreamly concerned for Gen! Barrington's mis- 
 fortune, but flatter ourselves that a Cure with a recovery of 
 the Sight has been brought about; especially as we see in 
 the papers, that he is going with a Command to Germany. 
 We beg your Lordship will present our Congratulations to 
 him on the Great honours he has deserved of & rec^ from his 
 Country. 
 
 Our Compliments wait on the Ladies & all our Friends. 
 I am with the greatest Gratitude 
 
 my Lord 
 
 your Lordships most obedient 
 Lord Barrington & most humble Servant 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON ^ 
 
 New York Ap. 19. 1760 
 My Lord 
 
 I am just arrived here from New London, where I have 
 
 met Gov' Pownall & been informed of the state of Massa- 
 
 chusets bay. The income of the Government falls short of 
 
 expectation, being hardly to be brought up to "^1200 sterling 
 
 by reckoning in all advantages & contingencies. On the 
 
 other side it seems that the expenses of living will also prove 
 
 short of expectation, so that upon the whole the ballance 
 
 may turn out so much in my favor as to make my removal 
 
 advantageous on account of Money only. But there are 
 
 other advantages of consequence to me, among which I must 
 
 reckon the greater Opportunities I shall have of educating & 
 
 ' "Bernard Papers," vol. i (Letter Book), p. 201. 
 
12 BARRINGTON -BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 providing for my children ; of which I shall have much better 
 means than I could expect here. As for the people,^ I am 
 assured that I may depend upon a quiet & easy administra- 
 tion. I shall have no points of government to dispute about, 
 no schemes of self intrest to pursue. The People are well 
 disposed to live upon good terms with the Governor & with 
 one another : and I hope I shall not want to be directed by a 
 junto or supported by a party ; but that I shall find there as 
 I have done here, that plain-dealing integrity & disinterested- 
 ness make the best System of poHcy. 
 
 As to the pleasures of hfe, there is a great contrast between 
 the two places. This Town (Amboy) struck me Very much 
 at first for the pleasantness of its situation; and I think still 
 that I never saw a more delightful place for a country seat. 
 But when I found myself wholly secluded from refined conver- 
 sation & the amusements that arise from letters arts & sciences, 
 I learnt that there might be too much of retirement. On 
 the other hand Boston is perhaps the most polished & scientific 
 Town in America. I shall find there a good public library, 
 many very conversible men, tolerable musick & other amuse- 
 ments to which I had bid adieu not without regret It is 
 true, that the parade of the Government & the great con- 
 course of company will be disagreable at first : but in time we 
 shall get rid of part of this & be familiarised to the other part. 
 And to Vary the Scene We shall have a very pretty place to re- 
 tire to, a pleasant apartment in Castle William which stands in 
 an Island about 3 miles from the Town at the entrance of the ^ 
 bay. 
 
 'This part, beginning with "As for the people" through the end of the 
 paragraph, is printed in j\Irs. Napier Higgins's The Bernards of Abington and 
 Nether Winchedon, i, 24S. 
 
 2 First written "in a pleasant," then changed to "at the entrance of the." 
 
BOSTON SOCIETY 13 
 
 Your Lordship will perhaps have expected to have heard 
 from me long before this comes to hand. But we have been 
 Very unfortunate in the packets this Winter. My letters 
 from London dated the Middle of November I did not receive 
 till the Middle of febry. My answers to them, which were 
 wrote immediately after the receipt, are now lying at the 
 post office here, waiting for the arrival of a packet boat, 
 which is now suppose to be taken, & on board of which it is 
 expected mine & M' Boones commissions have been put. 
 If these should fail, the succession at Amboy & Boston would 
 be stopt for some time. I am with our compliments. My 
 Lord &c 
 Lord Barrington 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD ^ 
 
 Cavendish Square 3*^ Jime 1760. 
 Dear Sir 
 
 I am favour'd by two Letters of your's One dated the iS*'* 
 
 of February the other the i<f^ of April, and I am happy to 
 
 find that you are pleas'd with the Exchange of Governments. 
 
 The paper you enclose shews plainly how well the people of 
 
 Jersey are pleas'd with your adminstration ; I make no 
 
 doubt of your being as much lik'd at Boston. Your conduct 
 
 in both governments will make it a pleasing and an easy 
 
 task to soUicit one better than either, when ever any such 
 
 shall be vacant, and agreable to You. I am also very happy 
 
 to find that M^ Bernard likes America so well ; I beg you 
 
 will present my best Compliments to her together with my 
 
 assurances of regard, and desire of contributing to whatever 
 
 may be useful and agreable to her & her family. 
 
 ^"Bernard Papers," vol. ix (Correspondence), p. 107. 
 
14 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 You have heard before this time that the Estate in Derby- 
 shire is sold. M"^ Porter's share I have put into the four per 
 Cent Annuities of this Year with her approbation. Her in- 
 come will be a httle increas'd by the Exchange. 
 
 All your friends here are well, and extremly happy to find 
 that you are settled so much to your satisfaction. They all 
 send the most affectionate CompUments to you and M" 
 Bernard. Major Gen' Barrington's Eye mends apace, but 
 his Constitution has not recover'd the shock of a West Indian 
 Climate, so as to serve abroad this Campaign. He is going 
 to Scotland where he is to serve under Lord George Beau- 
 clerck, who commands in Chief in that Country. 
 
 I assure you, without flattery that my Godson is a very 
 fine Boy : I have it from good hands that he is one of the 
 best Scholars in Westminster School. I have never heard 
 you say to what profession he is destin'd. If your Inclina- 
 tions and ^is are for the Army I will endeavour to procure 
 him a Commission before the War is over. I am with the 
 greatest truth & regard 
 
 Dear Sir 
 
 Your most faithful & 
 His Excellency most obedient Servant 
 
 Francis Bernard Esq"" Bareington 
 
 Governor of New England. 
 
ENTRY INTO BOSTON 15 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON^ 
 
 Boston Aug*.* 7*^ 1760 
 My Lord 
 
 I was preparing to inform Your Lordship of Our Safe arrival 
 at this Town when I rec"^ your Lordship favor of the 3'''^ of 
 June which was brought by the Leicester Packet which arrived 
 here this Morning, As the Packet was drove in here by 
 southerly winds, I ordered Gen! Amherst's dispatches to be 
 sent from hence to albany under the Care of a Lieut of High- 
 landers & an Express rider by which means he will receive 
 them a week sooner than he would by way of New York. 
 
 We made our Entry here last Saturday in a very Mag- 
 nificient Manner. It seems there had been no Instance of a 
 Gov"" entring by land since Gov? Burnetts time so the Cere- 
 monial was in a Manner new. For this I shall refer your Lord- 
 ship to the new[s] of the day, which I shall add to the triiSes 
 which your Lordships kindness for us has encouraged me from 
 time to time to trouble you with. I have the Pleasure to in- 
 form your Lordship that I have a very fair Prospect of an 
 easy Administration from the Assurances of All persons con- 
 cerned in it that I have yet seen ; as also from the favourable 
 impressions, which I am told have been rec'^ of me as well 
 from London as from New Jersey, 
 
 I am very Glad that the money is laid out with M'? Porters 
 approbation & for her Advantage, whatever your Lordship 
 shall do therein will certainly have our approbation. Per- 
 haps when the war is over if stock should Rise, & private 
 intrest (as it Generally is) be higher than public, It may be 
 more for her Advantage to Vest the Money upon land Security 
 
 ^ "Bernard Papers," vol. i (Letter Book), p. 272. 
 
l6 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 We are Extreamly Glad that Gen! Barrington is in the Way 
 of Recovery from all his shocks ; we are much obliged to our 
 friends for their kind remembrance of us & beg your Lord- 
 ship will again present our Compliments 
 
 Your Lordship may imagine that I receive great Pleasure 
 from your Accounts of my son; and I must do him Justice 
 to say that it agrees with Accounts I receive from every one 
 Else, I am very much obliged to your Lordship for your kind 
 intention towards him : but I have not as yet formed nor do 
 I intend for some time to form any resolution Concerning 
 his profession. I intend at present to indulge his uncommon 
 tast for literature ; & for that purpose would have him to 
 pursue his studies at Oxford for 3 or 4 Years. At Next 
 Westminster Election (which is the Monday before Ascension 
 day) I hope to have him elected to Christ Church : to secure 
 this point with the dean of Ch. Ch. I fear I must trouble your 
 Lordship to add a little weight: a word from the Duke of 
 New-Castle (who I understand to be the Deans patron) will 
 make all safe. M^ Stone will I doubt not, save your Lord- 
 ship any trouble you please in this business. 
 
 As this extention of his Education will superannuate him 
 for the Army, I shan[t (worn off)] be able to avail my self of 
 your Lordships kind offer on that Account. But If the 
 Placeing him out depended on me alone, I should not doubt 
 to express my desire to see him (when his Education is Com- 
 pleated) in some public ofl&ce, if Possible under your Lordship 
 Eye 
 
 M"? Bernard begs leave to Join with me in our best respects 
 to your Lordships 
 
 I am my Lord 
 
 Your Lordships most obedi' 
 & most humble servant 
 
PROSPECTS 17 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD 1 
 
 Cavendish Square 15*'' October 1760. 
 Dear Sir 
 
 I am favour'd by your Letter dated Boston August the 7'^'', 
 and am extremly happy to find by it that New England is 
 so agreable to you & M^ Barnard. The prospect of an easy 
 administration is by your account extremly fair. I most 
 sincerely hope it will equal not only your expectations, but 
 your wishes : I am sure you will do your part, I hope the 
 people over whom you preside will do their's. 
 
 I most sincerely congratulate you on the happy reduction 
 of Canada which has set the hands of Government at liberty 
 in that quarter of the World. I think our affairs in other 
 parts wear a favorable aspect; particularly in the East 
 Indies, where we are strong, and the French are become 
 weak. Even in Germany, Superiority of numbers has not 
 given the Enemy superiority of Success ; which I hope will be 
 evident and declared on our side before the Troops go into 
 Winter Quarters. I wish the result of our good fortune may 
 be a speedy and honourable peace; but I rather wish than 
 expect it soon. 
 
 Some time before I receiv'd your Letter, my Brother Shute 
 put me in a way of serving my Cousin & Godson. The Duke 
 of Newcastle at my desire, wrote to the Dean of Christ Church, 
 whose answer to His Grace leaves me no room to doubt of 
 your Son's success next Election. 
 
 I am also to return you many thanks for your Letter of 
 the 23** of August, and the papers enclosed therewith. 
 
 All your friends here are extremly well, and send you their 
 best compliments; General Barrington particularly, who 
 
 ^ "Bernard Papers," vol. ix (Correspondence), p. 145. 
 
i8 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 serves at present on the Staff in Scotland, has entirely re- 
 cover'd the use of his Eye. We all join in compliments to 
 M^ Barnard. I am with the greatest truth & regard, 
 Dear Sir 
 
 Your Excellency's 
 most faithful & 
 
 most obedient Servant 
 Barrington 
 
 His Excellency 
 
 Francis Barnard Esq' 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON » 
 
 Boston Aug^.* g^''^ 1760 
 My Lord 
 
 A few Lours after I sent away my letter dated the f^ to 
 your Lordship, I rec'^ advice of the death of Lieut Gov? De- 
 lancy I have wrote Lord Halifax of this event, as it is possible 
 this Ship may arrive before one from N York. I think it is 
 also propper to advertise your Lordship of this ; but without 
 any View to myself ; as I am sens ble that I ought to show 
 my self worthy of the late favours shown to me before I 
 solicit others ; But if your Lordship should have any friend 
 Apply for it, I would acquaint him that I believe, that Gov- 
 ernment is fully rated at ^1800 sterling ^ an ^1000 of which 
 must be expended even with Oconomy 
 
 I am &c 
 Lord Barrington 
 
 * "Bernard Papers," vol. i (Letter Book), p. 274. 
 
COURSE OF THE WAR 19 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTONi 
 
 Boston August 23. 1760 
 My Lord 
 
 In the Cover with this I inclose a duplicate of a letter I 
 sent, soon after the time of its date, by the Ship Brittannia 
 Cap' Dashwood bound from this port to London : since 
 which business has gone on extreamly well. What passed 
 between the Assembly & me will appear from the following 
 papers, which I take the liberty to enclose. To these I have 
 only to add that the Assembly made the usual Grants viz 
 "^975 Sterling for the Salary of the current Year (of which 
 near a quarter was spent) & ^225 sterling for the Charges of 
 Removal. This was done with a uncommon unanimity ; and 
 this bill passed both houses & received the Assent in one day. 
 
 On the 14th Cap* Stott of the Scarbrough brought to 
 me Dispatches from England that came in the Vengeance 
 Man of War: among these was a letter from your Lordship 
 to Genl Amherst & another to Col. Amherst they were imme- 
 diately dispatched for Albany: the Messenger that carried 
 them is returned & brings advice that on the 7th inst Col. 
 Amherst went from Oswego with the Vanguard ; on the 10*^'* 
 Gen! Amherst with the main body; & on y^ n''' Brig Gage 
 with the rear : The Numbers were not ascertained. Also 
 that on the 11'^ Col. Haviland went down lake Champlan 
 with 3000 Regulars & 2500 provincials. It is apprehended 
 they will meet with Opposition at the Isle des Noix 
 
 This day a Sloop arrived from Quebeck, which she left on 
 the 26^^ of July : the Master brings advice that on the 13'^ 
 Gen! Murray sailed up the River with 2500 regulars & left 
 
 * "Bernard Papers," vol. i (Letter Book), p. 275. 
 
20 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 looo ^ more in Quebec that about the 23 a Schooner arrived 
 with an Account that two forts had fired up on his fleet & 
 killed an OflSicer & 5 or 6 men : and that the forts were after- 
 wards abandoned : that he had met with no other opposition, 
 the People in general submitting & giving up their Arms. 
 He adds that he met the two Regiments from Louisburg at 
 the lies de Coudre : they had been at sea 3 Weeks. 
 
 From all these we expect very intresting advises Soon : 
 and I hope I shall have occasion to congratulate your Lord- 
 ship before I seal this letter. We wish we could with as 
 great probality flatter our selves with seeing Cap!^ Barrington, 
 who we understand is arrived at Louisburg. 
 
 I am my Lord 
 
 Your Lordships &c 
 R^ honble L Visct. Barrington 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON 2 
 
 Boston sep'' 9. 1760 
 My Lord 
 
 I wrote to your Lordship ten days ago enclosing some 
 favourable accounts of the progress of his Majesty's forces 
 against Montreal, which I sent by the Brigantine Bristol 
 Packet. I have this day received by Express early advices 
 of the further success of the Army, which seem to leave room 
 but for one acc*^ more. I have therefore engaged a Brig to 
 Sail directly with an Accout of these dispatches, which I 
 have enclosed in a cover to the Secretary of state the same 
 which your Lordship will receive with this. 
 
 I heartily congratulate your Lordship on this Occasion, & 
 
 * Followed by "in Garison," then crossed off. 
 
 2 "Bernard Papers," vol. i (Letter Book), p. 278. 
 
SURRENDER OF MONTREAL 21 
 
 hope it will not be long before the last congratulations on the 
 Military success in N America will come to your hand. I am 
 my Lord. 
 
 Your Lordships most &c 
 &c &c &c 
 R!^ Honble L? Viscount Barrington 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON ^ 
 
 Boston Sep- 17. 1760 
 My Lord 
 
 I have now the pleasure to congratulate your Lordship on 
 the reduction of all Canada by the Surrender of Montreal on 
 the 8'^ inst. The french abandoned all their out Posts, but 
 one which Gen! Amherst invested & took, & gathered all 
 their forces together at Montreal to the Amount (according 
 to their Account) of 13000 men : who surrendered prisoners 
 of War on the approach of the three british Armies, a&, as 
 I understand, before their junction was completed As this 
 advice is come from Montreal in 9 days We cannot expect 
 particulars : but from what I can learn, there have not been 
 100 men lost in all the expeditions, I Shall enclose Copies of 
 the letters I have rec"? 
 
 I am my Lord 
 
 &C&C 
 
 R^ honbte U Barrington not sent 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. i (Letter Book), p. 280. This letter was crossed 
 out in the Ms., and was probably not sent. 
 
22 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD HARRINGTON » 
 
 Boston Sep 29. 1760 
 My Lord 
 
 I beg leave to congratulate your Lordship on the surrender 
 of all Canada. I received the advice on the i;*^^ but 9 days 
 after the capitulation; & immediately engaged a Vessel to 
 sail away with the account; for which purpose I wrote to 
 your Lordship to M'' Secretary Pitt & to the Lords of trade 
 inclosing copies of the letters to me. But having been dis- 
 appointed in that Vessel & also in another I afterwards en- 
 gaged for the same purpose, I cannot propose now to hasten 
 the advice of this glorious event. Nevertheless least the 
 Diana who is charged with this account should meet with 
 any acident, I have thought proper to take the opportunity 
 of a Vessel that is sailing for Glascow to enclose to your 
 Lordship the News papers of the day, which includes among 
 other things the substance of the Genl's letters to me. 
 
 I am 
 Lord Barrington 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON ^ 
 
 Boston January 17. 1761 
 My Lord 
 
 I am favoured with yours of the 15'^'' of October which like 
 every other adds much to my Obligations to Your Lordship. 
 I beg through your hands to return my thanks to Mr Shute 
 Barrington for his concern for my son. I have had that 
 business so much at heart, especially as I had rec*? advice 
 
 ^"Bernard Papers," vol. i (Letter Book), p. 282. ^ Ibid., p. 292. 
 
MONEY MATTERS 23 
 
 that there would be great intrest made on that Occasion, 
 that I have been unnecessarily troublesome to your Lordship, 
 having then rec*? Advice that a Ship which Carried a letter 
 to your Lordship, was taken & not knowing then that my 
 second Venture had escaped. 
 
 I have received advice from M^ Bollan the Agent for this 
 Province that he has had full & proper Assurance that my 
 Commission will be renewed. As I am undoubtly indebted 
 to your Lordship for this repeated favor I must beg leave to 
 return your Lordship my Particular thanks for my being 
 continued in his Majestys service. And at the same time I 
 must beg leave to state my present case, as it is very singular, 
 without any imputation to the gratefuU sense I have of the 
 unmerited honor that has been conferred upon me. 
 
 It is no uncommon thing for a man's purse to be impaired 
 by perferment coming too fast upon him : I remember to 
 have read of a Bishop's being undone by too frequent trans- 
 lations. — My case is as uncommon as I suppose that of Any 
 one whatsoever : I shall have had three Commissions within 
 the space of 3 Years ; the two latter will I suppose be within 
 the space of one Year. The fees of a Commission are not 
 less than ^400 : I have now before me an account of the fees 
 of my first Commission to the amount of "^390, tho it does not 
 include all. So that by this time I suppose I shall have P^ 
 ^1200 in fees, & I shall have received from New Jersey 2 Years 
 at -^800, ^1600 & I Year from Boston including the whole of 
 the Current Year to the End of May next iioo, total ^2700, 
 ded^ ^i2co remains 1500 Thus my public account would 
 stand, according to which I Should have ^500 a Year for my 
 3 Years service. But when I apply my private Account to 
 this I find it more against me. I expended in fitting myself 
 
 ^ Probably meant for " deduct." 
 
24 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 out at least ^1600, including my fees, which may be thus 
 divided : fees -^400, Expences of Voyage ^300 Expences of 
 Journeys, carriage & living in London & Portsmouth ^300 
 Cloaths Equipage & other trapings of Government ^600 So 
 that adding the three last articles to the former one of fees 
 I have Expended in the whole -^2400 in quaUfying myself for 
 these Governments. There are two articles that may be 
 added to my receipt ; the Gratuities received at my accession 
 which were at New Jersey "^300 at Boston -^225. These are 
 give towards the Expence of removing & settling; & con- 
 sidering that against this be sett the extraordinary expence 
 of two settlings & one removal, they will go far to Answer 
 both, But supposing the least of the sums will Answer these 
 Extraordinary expences, my Account will stand thus. 
 
 O The Expences of fitting out &c 1200 T>^ the 3 Years income 2700 
 
 The fees of 3 Commissions 1200 The Jersey Gratuity ^5 
 
 1400 ^ 3000 
 
 After this I need not say that after 3 Years service I have not 
 got a step forward towards retrieving my first Expence : & 
 this is not owing to any miscalculation mismanagement or 
 disappointment but only to the uncommon accident of having 
 so many Commissions to sue out in so short a time. 
 
 Pardon me my Good Lord for being so explicit on this 
 subject : It is only to apologise for a request (as I have too 
 often occasion to do) which I have to make that your Lord- 
 ship would be so good to advise M^ Pownal to whom I have 
 wrote on this Subject whether it may not be proper to petition 
 the Lords of the treasury for a grant on this uncommon 
 occasion ; to what may be urged in my favor on this Subject, 
 may be added my Service at the Indian treaty at Easton, 
 which produced immediately the surrender of Pittsburg & 
 * This is a mistake for 2400, but the manuscript is clearly 1400. 
 
PROVISION FOR CHILDREN 25 
 
 soon after the entire reconcilation of the 6 Nations. I have 
 learnt to set a value upon this service, from the great Com- 
 pliments I have rec*^ on this Occasion; but never expected a 
 particular reward nor should have mentioned it in that light 
 otherwise than a make weight to another request. If their 
 Lordships of the treasury will be pleased to grant me ^800 
 (being the fees of two Commissions) they will amply reward 
 me ; if they will grant me "^500 or 400 I Shall be quite satisfied 
 & thankfull. If this Applicasion Should be approved of, I 
 have desired MF Pownall to communicate this request to my 
 Lord Halifax, but I did not care to write to him my self, till 
 I was better satisfied about the reasonableness & practability 
 of my request. 
 
 I am 
 Lord Barrington 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON 1 
 
 Boston Mar 3. 1761 
 My Lord 
 
 As I am well assured that all my honest endeavours to 
 provide for my children will have your Lordships approba- 
 tion, & assistance too, when it shall be advisable, I need make 
 no Apology for the enclosed. It is the Copy of a memorial 
 which I have sent to M"^ Pownall to be laid before my Lord 
 Halifax : at the same time I wrote to my Lord to desire his 
 favorable acceptance of it. And I now am to desire your 
 Lordships kind interposition on behalf of my request, which 
 is sufficiently explained in the memorial. 
 
 I think, I have before informed your Lordship, that I con- 
 sidered the opportunities I should have of placing out my 
 
 ^"Bernard Papers," vol. i (Letter Book), p. 302. 
 
26 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 Sons among the chief advantages arising from my removal to 
 Boston. This Government the worst supported, considering 
 its importance & trouble, of any in the Kings gift, in its cer- 
 tain income does not exceed New Jersey by more than ^300, 
 which is not much more than the difference of the expence 
 of living at one & the other. The opportunities of placing 
 out my Sons now I survey them, I find but few : the Naval 
 office is much the best & is an handsome provision for a per- 
 son that executes it himself. 
 
 Your Lordship will recollect that I've before intimated my 
 desire to have my eldest son settled in business in England : 
 and I do not now mean to determine against it. But it must 
 be observed that His appointment is to be partly reversionary : 
 and We may have 5 years before We shall be obHged to deter- 
 mine. If in that time, He should have an opportunity of 
 engaging in better business, he may quit this ofiice to my 
 second son, who will then be of full age & well qualified for 
 the office. The latter I am now going to put to a Merchant 
 in this tov n, having given him as much school learning as 
 the Way of live he is designed for will require. 
 
 As my two eldest Sons are so much further advanced in 
 life than the rest of my children. It is much my desire to see 
 them well settled in life. For then I shall have provided 
 natural guardians for the rest of my children, in case I should 
 be called away. For this reason I shall in general, prefer 
 such means for their advancement as are capable of the 
 quickest Maturity. The subject of my present request will 
 fully answer that purpose for one of them. 
 
 I am 
 Lord Barrington. 
 
MONEY MATTERS 27 
 
 LORD HARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD » 
 
 Cavendish Square 6*'' June 1761. 
 Dear Sir 
 
 I have received so many different letters from you & at so 
 many different times, that I am at a loss which to answer 
 first : but, I must begin, previously to every thing else, with 
 entreating you to pardon my long silence, which admits of 
 no excuse : I will not attempt any, but throw myself entirely 
 on your indulgence, and hasten to Subjects less disagreable & 
 disgraceful to me. 
 
 I am happy to find that Boston continues agreable to you 
 & M''^ Bernard. It is very convenient that Governors should 
 be satisfied where they are, since a removal is so very expen- 
 sive. I have made enquiries whether any allowance could 
 be made by the Government here in consideration of the 
 expence you have been at, and particularly of the enormous 
 fees paid on the passing of your Patents. I have talk'd 
 to the Duke of Newcastle on this Subject, but I find 
 nothing can be obtain'd; whatever is paid on such 
 occasions, must come out of the Civil List, a fund consider- 
 ably lessened by the King's moderation when it was settled, 
 and his bounty since : besides great apprehensions of the 
 danger of making a precedent. I should think your best 
 way would be, to get your case properly represented to the 
 Assembly. 
 
 I lost no time in solliciting the business contain'd in your 
 Letter of the 3*^ of March; and my endeavours should not 
 have been spared, if I had found a possibility of success; 
 but the Office was renewed before Lord Halifax left the 
 
 ^"Bernard Papers," vol ix (Correspondence), p. 209. 
 
28 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 Board of Trade, and he had left it near a month before I 
 received your Letter on this subject. 
 
 In a former Letter I returned you my best thanks, and 
 my brother's, for the kind present of excellent Fish which 
 you sent us ; I take leave to repeat my acknowlegments for 
 it, and for every other mark of your remembrance. 
 
 Monsieur Bussy the French Minister, arrived here a few 
 days since, and he is treating the British part of the general 
 peace, with our Ministers : hitherto that negociation has not 
 made any great progress ; but, I have good hopes this Summer 
 will not pass over without giving that repose to Europe, to 
 which it has now been too long a Stranger. We expect every 
 day to receive an account of the reduction of Belleisle. 
 
 We are all extremely obliged to M^ Bernard for her kind 
 remembrance of us, and we all join in our best compliments 
 to her and you. I am with great truth & regard 
 Dear Sir 
 Your Excellency's 
 most humble & 
 
 most obedient Servant 
 
 Barrington 
 
 His Excellency 
 Governor Bernard 
 
THE NAVAL OFFICE 29 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON/ 
 
 Boston. June 6, 1761 
 My Lord 
 
 I take the first oppertunity to congratulate your Lordship 
 on your advancement to the treasury, which as it adds to 
 your Dignity, will, I presume, also contribute to your ease ; 
 at least, in comparison to your former Employ, I must also 
 beg the favor of your Lordships Mediation, to present Our 
 
 Comphments to Mf Sh. Barrington & Lady Diana, & 
 
 to assure them that we wish them all possible happiness; 
 which We persuade ourselves, .that We can, without running 
 any risk of being thought false prophets, allmost positively 
 assure to them. 
 
 I wrote to your Lordship the beginning of March last on 
 the Subject of the Naval Ofi&ce of this province, desiring your 
 Lordships Assistance to get Executed an agreement between 
 me & MF Pemberton to get a Grant of that office (by sign 
 Manual) to him & my Eldest son Jointly. Whilst we were 
 sending these papers from hence, A sign Manual of the Office 
 to him alone passed at London & was received by him to day. 
 He is notwithstanding, desirous not to carry this into execu- 
 tion, but to wait for the Joint Appointment, which we have 
 requested, He is wilUng that the Governor should be more 
 intrested in the Ofi&ce than he has hitherto been, being sen- 
 sible that it will turn out to his advantage so as to ober balance 
 the concssions made to my son, He has therefore proposed to 
 let the present Sign Manual He dormant, in Expectation of 
 another according to our Joint request 
 
 As this business is now become only an affair of consent of 
 parties, I hope there will be no great Difl&culty in it: The 
 
 * "Bernard Papers," vol. i (Letter Book), p. 313. 
 
30 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 settlement of it upon the terms proposed, altho' of no imme- 
 diate advantage to my family, I consider as a considerable 
 Security in Case of Accident, 
 
 I have many things to write to your Lordship upon : which 
 I wont anticipate : as sufficient to the letter is the trouble 
 thereof. 
 
 I am with the greatest gratitude & respect. 
 The R? Honble Lord Viscount Barrington.) My Lord &c 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON ^ 
 
 Boston Aug^*^ lo. 1761 
 My Lord 
 
 When I first arrived at This Town I received from your 
 Lordship a recommendation of MF Barrons Collector of this 
 Port; upon which I assured him that I should take a pleas- 
 ure in obeying your Lordships commands by serving him I 
 soon found that the best service I could do him would be to 
 advise hir.. concerning his public conduct; & the duty of 
 my Office making it quite necessary, I was soon given to 
 understand that I had so far incurred his displeasure, as to 
 be thought deserving a formal opposition to me & my Govern- 
 ment. The injuries and insults I have received from him & 
 his party make apart of a long story which has been already 
 communicated to Lord Hahfax & Secretary Pownall ; & must 
 now if it has not Already, be made public. 
 
 I should not have troubled your Lordship on this Subject 
 if It could have been avoided. But M Lechmere the Sur- 
 veyor General having Suspended Mr Barrons from his Office, 
 & having sent away the articles exhibited against him together 
 the proofs taken in support of them, as also some fresh charges 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. ii (Letter Book), p. 2. 
 
THE BARRON S INCIDENT 31 
 
 to the commisioners of the Customs; & having prepared 
 another set for the Lords of the Treasury I find this business 
 must come before your Lordship in your pubHc character ; 
 & therefore beg leave to use the access your Lordships has 
 allowed me to have to your private station 
 
 I have wrote so much upon this subject that I am quite 
 tired of it; but if I was ever so much disposed to write on, I 
 could not give your Lordship a better information of the 
 part I have acted, than by the copies inclosed. The I is a 
 Copy of my declaration by way of Evidence, which is among 
 the proofs. The II is a Copy of a letter I wrote to Lord H. 
 As this contains Uttle more than plain Narrative, I presume 
 I am not wrong in sending this Copy to your Lordship. If 
 there is any danger of my being blamed for it, your Lordship 
 will keep it to your self. The III is a copy of a letter I now 
 write to the Lords of trade. The subject matter would have 
 made it more properly addressed to the Lords of the treasury, 
 if the regulation of My Correspondence had not directed me 
 to apply myself to the Lords of Trade, your Lordship will 
 consider this as designed only for your own private informa- 
 tion, untill It shall be formally transmitted from the board 
 of trade. Among the papers sent by Mr Lechmere (Copies 
 of which I have sent to the board of trade) you will find agood 
 deal more matter than what I now trouble your Lordship 
 with. 
 
 Ever since the commencement of these disturbances which 
 is now near 12 months I have been ready & desirous to take 
 hold of every oppertunity that offered to compose these 
 troubles but have not been able to do any thing towards it 
 The defence of my self & my Authority as well as of the 
 Court of Admiralty & the Custom house, has found me full 
 employment. 
 
32 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 A few weeks ago some Gentlemen applied to me in behalf 
 of M' Barrons, desiring I would intervene in his favor. I 
 told them that the actions he had brought against MF Lech- 
 mere M' Craddock & Mr Paxton were such open acts of his 
 setting at defiance the King Authority under which he was 
 placed by his office, that I could do him no service, whilst he 
 persisted in maintaining them, but If he would withdraw 
 them, I would waive all resentment, of my own, (altho' some 
 injuries I then mentioned them were Very fresh) & imme- 
 diately treat with them about what could be done for MF 
 Barrons. They used their endeavours to persuade him to 
 comply with this preliminary, but could not prevail 
 
 It has been no small part of my Concern at being thus 
 embrangled in this dispute, that It may tend to impeach a 
 Character which I have borne thro all my life & which I own 
 I am proud of, that of a good natured Man. I very much 
 regret that the unreasonable Man has made the censuring 
 him necessary to my defence & part of my duty. Without 
 these considerations I could wish him all the good he desires : 
 I heartily wish he had a place of twice the Value any where 
 else : and I have often wished that I could consistently with 
 my duty reccommend his being restored to & continued in 
 this. But I dare not make my self answerable for such a 
 representation : the same prejudices passions & connexions 
 that I have had so much reason to complain of, still seem to 
 prevail. 
 
 I shall take the first oppertunity to lay before your Lord- 
 ship a state of the Custom house in this and the Neighbour- 
 ing Governments ; from whence will plainly appear the Causes 
 which have induced the Merchants of this port to be less dis- 
 posed to Obey the Laws of Trade than they have hitherto 
 been. The Remedies for these inconveniences will be very 
 
MONEY MATTERS 33 
 
 obvious & I hope as practicable ; & like to be attended with 
 very good consequences. But this I must defer to a further 
 time. 
 
 I am with great respect, 
 My Lord your Lordship's & 
 &c &c 
 
 The R? Honble 
 
 The Lord Visc^ Barrington 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON ^ 
 
 Boston August 28. 1761 
 My Lord 
 
 I am extreamly obliged to your Lordship for you kind 
 letter of the 6''' of June : whilst I return my thanks I must 
 again apologise for the trouble I gave your Lordship on 
 account of the fees. I was very diffident of the propriety of 
 the application & trusted more to your Lordships Benignity 
 than I depended on the Singularity of the Case ; which 
 pehaps may still have some weight, when your Lordship's 
 kind attention to us shall favor some other request. I men- 
 tioned to your Lordship before how Very inequal the Income 
 of this Government was to its business & importance, with 
 a View to excuse my self for being so Solicitous for providing 
 for my Sons by places. To come to particulars, the Salary 
 is 1. 000 the fees at most 100, to which if the Annual Value 
 of the Governor's house is reckoned (which would be highly 
 
 estimated at 100) the Government is worth at the most 
 
 1200 a year. As for the share of seizures which, if the Author- 
 ity of the Custom house is maintained, would be worth reckon- 
 ing, in the present state of the Custom house, It is a profit 
 neither to be expected nor wished for. Nevertheless I can 
 Assure your Lordship that I am quite pleased with my being 
 
 * "Bernard Papers," vol. ii (Letter Book), p. 4. 
 
34 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 placed here, as the advantages I may hope to gain for my 
 Children will make good the deficiency of the income. 
 
 For these reasons I hope your Lordship will excuse me, if 
 I still wait in expectation of a favourable Event to my request 
 concerning the Naval Office. I wrote to your Lordship on 
 this Subject the very day of the date of your Lordships letter 
 now before me, wherein I informed, that M^ Pemberton had 
 received a sign Manual, yet he was very willing to let it lye 
 by to give me an opportunity to procure another in the manner 
 I have proposed, being still desirous that our Agreement 
 should be carried into Execution. I added that as this 
 business seemed to be an affair of consent of parties, I hoped 
 it would meet with no difficulty. That there may be no 
 doubt in M^ Pembcrton's behalf, he proposes to write to M! 
 Pitt to acquaint him that he has not put in execution the 
 former Sign Manual & is very willing that another should 
 be issued in the Manner I have desired. I shall write a short 
 letter to Mf Pitt my self, which I beg leave to inclose to your 
 Lordshir to be delivered to him or not as your Lordship shall 
 Judge fit.^ My pretentions to this favor will be more effectu- 
 ally represented by your Lordships than they can by me. 
 I hope the expectation of the place after M^ Pemberton's 
 death will not be thought of any great Value as to be opposed 
 to my request ; for I can Assure your Lordship that his health 
 & Vigour promises many more years. 
 
 M'. Pemberton has brought me a letter from him to Mf 
 Pitt, as also one to your Lordship. He has acted with great 
 Candor in this Affair ; and I think my self obHged to him what 
 ever the Event is. 
 I am with great gratitude & respect. 
 
 My Lord Your Lordships &c. 
 The R* Honble the Lord Viscount Barrington) 
 * First written "think fit." 
 
MONEY MATTERS 35 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON^ 
 
 Castle William Sep 27. 1761 
 My Lord 
 
 Last night I rec^ your Lordships favor ^ of the 11'^'' of July 
 as also the duplicate of that of the 6"^ of June, the original of 
 which I have received some time ago. Upon the receipt of 
 the former of the 6'*' of June, I had a conversation with Mf 
 Pemberton ; when (observing to him, that tho' he had sig- 
 nified his consent to a joint patent by many letters wrote 
 before he knew that a sign manual was issued to him alone, 
 yet since that, He had only Signified such consent by a letter 
 to M' Alderman Baker, & that probally W. Pitt would 
 Expect a letter to himself) He wrote a letter to MF Pitt 
 for that purpose ; ^ which together with another from MF 
 Pemberton to your Lordship, one of mine to your Lordship, 
 another to MF Pitt & a Copy of the memorial which I before 
 sent to your Lordship, I enclosed in one cover & sent it en- 
 closed again in a large packet to the Lords of Trade by the 
 Chesterfield Man of War Cap Scaife, The Captain himself 
 took it in charge & sailed for England sep'. 3. This contains 
 all the papers required by your Lordship in your last, & as 
 they go by a 50 Gun ship, I hope no inconvenience will arise 
 from my not having provided duplicates. 
 
 I was very sorry to find myself obliged to trouble your Lord- 
 ship with the papers contained in another cover sent by the 
 same conveyance, relating to the contest between the Mer- 
 chants & the Custom house, But as this business must inavoid- 
 ably come before your board, I thought it would be agreeable 
 to your Lordship to have some preuious knowledge of the Affair 
 I propose soon to write to your Lordship on the subject of the 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. ii (Letter Book), p. 11. 
 
 * First written "letter." ' First written "subject." 
 
36 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 present state of the trade of this Country, possibly to more 
 purpose than giving details of Custom house Squabbles. 
 
 I have not the honor of being personally known to Mf 
 Pitt: and it was my misfortune to be prevented paying my 
 duty to him in person, before I left England, by his indis- 
 position, I should think a great honour, if your Lordship 
 would reccommend my service to him. My previous Studies 
 in England & my attention to the Kings Service in N America, 
 have induced me ^ to turn my thoughts upon the poHtical 
 state of this country,^ to which my different stations have not 
 a httle assisted.^ If after a peace a general disquisition of 
 the constitutions of the several Gk)vernments here, — should 
 take place as it is much expected, I should be very proud to 
 be of the least use in such a work. 
 
 I have received a letter from my son wherein he acknowl- 
 edges his negligence in not waiting on your Lordship before 
 he went to Oxford. I hope your Lordship will excuse the in- 
 advertency of youth: I persuade myself that he has not 
 ingratitud'^ in his nature however his carelessness may make 
 him appear so. 
 
 I beg your Lordship will make our Compliments to the 
 ladies & all our friends acceptable. I am with the utmost grati- 
 tude & respect. My Lord your Lordships most obedient &c 
 
 PS If a sign Manual should be prepared, 
 I must desire your Lordship will give 
 notice to W*!* Bollan Esq in Liecester Square 
 to sue it out, pay the fees & transmit it. 
 I shall write to him on the occasion 
 
 R* Honble Lord Visct Barrington 
 
 * First written "have given me great opportvinities. 
 
 * First written " the several provinces." 
 ' Followed by "me," then crossed off. 
 
END OF B AKRONS 37 
 
 LORD HARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD ^ 
 
 Cavendish Square 12*'' De(5 1761. 
 Dear Sir 
 
 I have received two very large Packets from you, one con- 
 cerning M'' Baron, the other relating to the apphcation made 
 by you and M'' Pemberton. As to the first, I have the pleas- 
 ure to acquaint you that M"^ Baron is turn'd out with the 
 entire approbation of the Treasury, Board of Trade & Customs. 
 The latter has been directed by the former to send as Suc- 
 cessor to M"" Baron, the very best Officer they can find within 
 their Department. 
 
 I have strongly recommended the other affair to Lord 
 Egremont M"^ Pitt's Successor, to whom I have dehvered the 
 Letters for M' Pitt, transmitted to me. His Lordship is very 
 well disposed, and I make very little doubt of your request 
 being granted ; but I could not get things brought to a con- 
 clusion before the departure of this Packet. I have delayed 
 this letter till the last day, in hopes of sending you some good 
 news, and I am now so busy that I cannot answer at present 
 the most obliging letter from M'^ Bernard for which I beg 
 you will make her my best acknowlegments together with 
 my best compUments, in which all my family join. I can 
 
 only add that I am 
 
 Dear Sir 
 
 Your Excellencys 
 
 most humble & 
 
 most obedient Servant. 
 
 His Excellency Barrington. 
 
 Governor Bernard 
 
 at Boston New England 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. ix (Correspondence), p. 233. 
 
38 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD HARRINGTON ^ 
 
 T,, T Boston Oct 20. 1761 
 
 My Lord ' 
 
 The Cover of this encloses the duplicate of a Letter I 
 wrote to your Lordship on the 27*'' of Sep'^' the day after 
 I rec*^ your favor of the 11*'' of July : the Original is on board 
 the General Wall packet boat, which sailed from NYork 
 
 The time between my receiveing your Lordships Letter & 
 dispatching my Answer to it would not afford an oppertunity 
 of seeing M^ Pemberton But upon my talking with him soon 
 after & shewing to him that possibly M^ Pitt may expect a 
 more formal signification of his consent, than what his letter 
 contained, it was agreed to transmit to your Lordship a 
 duplicate of the agreement with an addition thereto signify- 
 ing M- Pembertons still adhering thereto This I now en- 
 close & must now conclude this, uncertain whether I shall be 
 able to write to your Lordship on other Subjects by the same 
 ship waites only for wind. I am with great respect 
 
 My Lord your Lordships 
 K^ honble Lord Vis* Barrington) 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD 2 
 Dear Sir Cavendish Square 14*^ January 1762 
 
 I was in hopes by this Packet to have given you an account 
 that the affair between you and M"^ Pemberton, had been 
 settled in the manner desired; and I know that Lord Egre- 
 mont both from his wilHngness to oblige, and his long unin- 
 terrupted friendship for me, was very much disposed to do it. 
 I now find he has scruples which cannot be removed; they 
 
 ^ "Bernard Papers," vol. ii (Letter Book), p. i6. 
 
 * "Bernard Papers," vol. ix (Correspondence), p. 245. 
 
THE NAVAL OFFICE 39 
 
 regard two points : One is, the making a joint Grant ; The 
 other, your Son's being under age. He has promised me, 
 that when time has remov'd the last objection, he will, in 
 case he then holds the Seals, give the Employment to your 
 Son, the moment it becomes vacant, either by death, resig- 
 nation or otherwise. I am sorry the thing has not succeeded 
 but I cannot think Lord Egremont in the wrong, tho' perhaps 
 there may be precedents the other way. His Lordship has 
 promised to write me a Letter on this Subject, which may be 
 of use hereafter with his Successor in case he should not hold 
 the Seals three years hence. In a former Letter, I acquainted 
 you with the removal of M"^ Barones, but I think I did not 
 add that he was removed entirely in consequence of repre- 
 sentations from the Boards of Trade & Customs. I never 
 said one word upon the Subject, which I thought would be 
 unfair on account of my relation to you. 
 
 I am to return you a thousand thanks for the Fish you so 
 obligingly sent me, and to M""^ Bernard for the instructions I 
 have received from her, as to the manner of dressing it : I 
 beg you will present my best compliments to her. I intended 
 to have wrote an answer to her most obliging Letter, but as 
 I write to you, it would be an imnecessary trouble to her. 
 
 I hope in the course of this Summer, I shall be able to pre- 
 vail on your Son to come sometimes to Beckett. My Brother 
 Shute has had the good fortune to get a Cannoncy of Christ 
 Church, which I hope will not be a disadvantage to Our 
 Cousin. All your friends are well & present their comp? to 
 you & M"^ Bernard. I am with the greatest truth & regard. 
 Dear Sir 
 Your Excellencys 
 His Excellency Most faithful 
 
 Governor Bernard humble Servant Barrington 
 
40 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD HARRINGTON i 
 
 Boston Dec^ 14. 1761. 
 My Lord 
 
 I am favoured with your Lordships of the 28**^ of August. 
 The trouble I have given your Lordship about the Naval 
 Office has been greatly increased by the d fficulties w''.*' attend 
 explanations at a distance : for it has more than once hap- 
 pened that your Lordships letters & mine on the same subject 
 have crossed the sea about the same time & possibly before 
 Irec^ this last your Lordship may have found in my Letters 
 matter sufficient to remove the difficulties which this affair 
 has laboured under. 
 
 I wrote to your Lordship by the Chesterfield man of War 
 inclosing all necessary papers with Letters from M' Pemberton 
 for your Lordship & MF Pitt. I wrote again by the packet 
 Boat which Sailed in Oct!^ last; & I sent a duplicate of the 
 last letter (together with a duplicate of the agreement with 
 MF Pemb'^rton & a supplement to it signifying his consent 
 to the new grant as proposed) by the Lucretia Snow I also 
 sent another part of the agreement by the Adventure Snow 
 So I apprehend that your Lordship has all necessary pappers 
 now by you. 
 
 As for Objections against an appointment in joint Names, 
 I was always aware of them & endeavoured to obviate them 
 in my Memorial, which I suppose Mf Pitt had not seen when 
 he made the objections. My arguments in favor of ajoint 
 appointment arise from the office having usually been granted 
 so, for which I alledged the appointment immediately preceed- 
 ing Mf Pembertons which was to two. And I understand 
 that in all pubHc offices in London where there has been an 
 
 * "Bernard Papers," vol. ii (Letter Book), p. i8. 
 
TEE NAVAL OFFICE 41 
 
 usuage of granting to two, an office may be granted to one or 
 two at pleasure. For this there are frequent precedents in 
 the Custom house Exchequer Chancery &. 
 
 I believe I have not mentioned the reason of my being so 
 desirous of having this Affair settled in a pubhc way. I know 
 ver}' well that reversionary' promises of Offices in America 
 are now very much soUcited I have particular advice that 
 there are some people in pursuit of this ver>" office, and I can 
 form to my self no adequate Security against a surprise but 
 an Actual Grant. A Promise of the Secretan,' of State extends 
 only to himseh' ; and if it is not to be executed till M^ Pem- 
 bertons death, the office probably will be in anothers dis- 
 posal, at that time : to guard against which it will be necessary 
 to make a fresh appHcation whenever there is a Change in 
 the Secretar\-5 Office. 
 
 As my Son is to have no intrest in the Office till sep 1764 
 I could have no objection to letting the Office, continue, as 
 it is, to that time if my life & Continuance in this Govern- 
 ments were certain & if this delay would remove the difficul- 
 ties now started, But in regard to the first, the Number of my 
 Children makes me desirous of leaving as little to the hazard 
 of my hfe as I can ^ And as to the latter, the same difficulties 
 will remain, if they can not be ob\'iated now If a Joint 
 appointment should be thought exceptionable then I shall 
 not be able to contrive an appointment to one that will answer 
 my purpose. For If Mt Pemberton is to be the Grantee' it 
 wiU give me no power over nor much dependance upon the 
 reversion. And if I should ask M- Pemberton to let my Son 
 be the Grante'e I know not what Security I could give him to 
 indemnif)' him if my son should die before him. Besides, I 
 have thought it ad\'isable to press the dispatch of this business 
 1 First written "possible," tten changed to "I can." 
 
42 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 now, because as M^ Pemberton's Age & health are now, The 
 Reversion of his Office is of Uttle or no Value to the present 
 Secretary of state, But as his Age increases & his health im- 
 pairs, the Reversion will become an object of much more 
 Value than it is at present, & therefore more hard to obtain. 
 
 I have another reason to desire that the grant may be 
 made in the Manner requested which is that it willput an end 
 to your Lordships trouble, which has already been more ex- 
 tended than I flattered my self it would be when I first made 
 the Application, which I considered to amount only to this, 
 for leave to make such a grant of the Office as my predecessors 
 have been used to make, with the consent of the present pos- 
 sessor of the Office M^ Pemberton has been so good as to allow 
 me to defer the issuing his patent as long as I shall see occasion. 
 I shall therefore wait untill the papers I sent by the Chester- 
 field &c shall have had their Effect. 
 
 I have the highest sense of your Lordships continued favor 
 & Am with great respect My Lord 
 
 Viscourt Barrington Your Lordship most obedient &c 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON ^ 
 
 Boston Dec 15. 1761 
 My Lord 
 
 In a letter dated yesterday I acknowledged the receipt of 
 your Lordships of Aug 28 & have therein submitted to your 
 Lordship all that occurrs to me to be wanting for the deter- 
 mination of that affair: to which I need only add that any 
 resolution on the subject will be agreeable to me, as it must, 
 at all events, afford a fresh instance of your Lordships kind 
 concern for me & mine. I can truly assure your Lordship 
 
 ^ "Bernard Papers," vol. ii (Letter Book), p. 21. 
 
REFORMATIONS 43 
 
 that your friendship is the cordial of my life & contributes 
 more than any thing else (except my own conscience) to 
 support that Spirit & Resolution, which the due exertion of 
 the powers that are here committed to me, requires. My 
 friends in this Country find another advantage from my con- 
 nexion with your Lordship: they say that your Lordships 
 family has been allways the patrons of this Country; (for 
 at the present the Memory of Gov' Shute is truly honoured), 
 and there it is happy for it that it has now the Means of an 
 easy access to your Lordship. 
 
 In a former letter of the if^ of Sept last I desired your 
 Lordships general recommendation of me to M' Pitt: I must 
 now request the like introduction of me to Lord Egremont. 
 I presumed to think that when a Revisal & settlement of the 
 political state of N America should have a place in the British 
 Councils, I might possibly be of some service. This self- 
 flattery has not had its rise from any extraordinary opinion 
 I have of my own ability, but upon a reflexion upon the 
 particular circumstances of literature & professional standing 
 that have directed & enabled me to make a more critical 
 survey of the politicks of N America, than can be expected 
 from the generality of those that are sent here with a public 
 Character. < 
 
 But the time of peace, which must preceed the regulation 
 of the North American governments, seems now at a greater 
 distance than ever. Never the less, as they may happen in 
 the course of this Winter a change in the present intractabil- 
 ity of our Enemies which may bring about a peace, when it is 
 least expected, I will add a few more lines to what I have 
 before wrote on this Subject 
 
 There is in my opinion no System of Government in N 
 America that is fit to be made a module of. The royal 
 
44 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 Governments are faulty in their constitution as well as the 
 popular ; of late they have given more instances of it than 
 the latter. If therefore there should be a new estabhshment 
 of the governments in N America upon a true EngUsh- 
 constitutional bottom, it must be upon a new plan : and upon 
 the formation of it will depend all the Ease or DiflSculty of 
 the Work. 
 
 It will be readily apprehended that the greatest difficulty 
 will be with the New England charter Governments. I am 
 willing to admit this for the sake of the conclusion that follows 
 from it. But I do not think there will be much difficulty in 
 the New England Governments ; and yet will readily conclude ^ 
 that upon such a supposition it will be best to begin with those 
 Governments. In Rhode Island the sensible people neither 
 expect nor desire that their charter should be continued. In 
 Connecticut I have heard it frequently mentioned without 
 contradiction that it would be better for the people & most 
 agreeable to the thinking part of them to have a royal Governor 
 rather than the present elective one. And for this Province ; 
 its constitution by charter & its strict observance of the 
 stipulations contained therein on behalf of the royal preroga- 
 tive, make it, in my opinion, better disposed to a more perfect 
 establishment than any Government I am acquainted with, 
 either Royal or other. I therefore conclude that when ever 
 a New estabhshment of Government in N America shall be 
 thought advisable, New England is the proper place to begin in 
 
 Whenever this subject shall be brought on the tapis I must 
 again repeat I shall be proud to offer my Service. If It 
 should be accepted, I shall readily obey an order to attend 
 in person. In such case that there may be as little loss of my 
 emoluments here as possible, It would be advisable that the 
 
 ^ First written "admit." 
 
REFORMATIONS 45 
 
 order might be so timed, as not to be known here, till after 
 time of settling the support of Government which is in the 
 beginning of June in each year. In a letter, which I hope to 
 send to your Lordship on the subject of the trade & Customs 
 of this Country, I shall have occasion to mention some 
 particulars that may be of great service to the regulation of 
 the American Governments whenever it shall be undertaken : 
 tho' according to our last advices from Europe, these consid- 
 erations seem to be ill timed, 
 a paragraph on Gen' Whitmore's death & funeral 
 A paragraph on the Voyage to Newfoundland. 
 
 I am &c 
 Lord Barrington 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON 1 
 
 Boston Jan 12. 1762 
 My Lord 
 
 The packet which is to enclose this having been detained 
 beyond expectation, I find my self obhged to add another 
 letter upon a subject with which I hoped I should not have 
 had occasion to trouble y'' Ldshp again I mean M Barons. 
 
 In my letter of Aug 10 sent by the Chesterfield Man of War, 
 I acquainted your Lordship that some Gentlemen had applied 
 to me in behalf of M' Barons desiring I would intervene in his 
 favour. I told them that- the Actions he had brought against 
 the Surveyor general &c were such open acts of his setting at 
 defiance the Kings Authority that I could do him no service 
 whilst he persisted in them : but if he would with draw them 
 I would immediately enter into a consideration of what could 
 
 ^ "Bernard Papers," vol. ii (Letter Book), p. 24. 
 * Followed by "if," then crossed off. 
 
46 BARRINGTON-BERNAKD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 be done for him. They urged their endeavours to persuade 
 him to comply with this preliminary, but could not prevail 
 & thereupon gave over their Negotiation. I can only add that 
 it was then my intention, if he would have given Any proof 
 of his disposition to return to his duty to have assisted him 
 to have retrieved his credit & recovered his office. 
 
 When M"^ Temple the Surveyor general came here (about 
 6 weeks ago) he brought with him the most favorable inten- 
 tions towards M' Barons & had I believe, predetermined 
 (as much as he could without knowing the Case) to restore 
 him. But when He came to be acquainted with the nature of 
 his offences and the proofs of them, & understood that the 
 whole process had been laid before the Lords of the treasury as 
 well as the Commissioners of the Customs I suppose he found 
 the affair was gone too far to be accommodated here. Never- 
 theless, as I saw M'' Temple was desirous to favor M' Barons, 
 I told him that, if he could persuade himself that M"^ Barons 
 might be restored with safety to the Government & Security 
 to the King;^ offices I would concur with him in proper means 
 for it. I know not now what M' Temples Sentiments are ; 
 but understand he will wait for orders from home, he having 
 just now appointed a new temporary Collector 
 
 As I have hitherto acted chiefly on the defensive I have 
 preserved great moderation toward M"" Barons, of which the 
 two forementioned are not the only instances. And yet this 
 Man is now forming a plan to engage me again in dispute with 
 the Assembly & to Ubell me in the public papers. His former 
 attempts of this kind, which by Vigilance & discretion I have 
 heretofore defeated I have endeavoured to forget, hoping 
 that his late Censure would bring him to his Senses. But I 
 am just now informed of these new attempts by a Gentleman 
 of undoubted Credit, to whom M"" Barons of his own accord 
 
JOHN TEMPLE 47 
 
 communicated the particulars of the Scheme to inflame the 
 Assembly, & read over the whole of the libell against me 
 (being a bundle of personal invective & improbablities) which 
 he had prepared for the press. He added that he had engaged 
 the best writer in Town to write against me & assured him 
 that I should not be Governor of this province one year longer : 
 and, that M' Hardy would be Governor here. 
 
 As this is the Case I can not keep myself from declaring, 
 that I have no longer any hopes of the Governments of this 
 province being maintained in dignity & peace whilst M"" 
 Barons has an office in it. At present The Governor L'' Gov~^ 
 All the Judges of the Superior Court the Judge of the Admiralty 
 & his ofl&cers, all the officers of the Customs the Kings Author- 
 ity in general & the Court of Admiralty & Custom house more 
 particularly are the Defendants & M'' Barons & Co Assailants. 
 If M' Barons has any merit there is room enough for rewarding 
 it without fixing him here. But I can not think He is of 
 consequence enough to expect to have the peace & wellfare of 
 this province sacrificed to his Caprice and Malevolence. 
 
 I am &c 
 Rt Honble Lord Barrington 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON ^ 
 
 Boston Febry 20. 1762 
 My Lord 
 
 I have just now received your Lordships favor of Dec. 11 
 which much increases the great sum of our obligations to you it 
 has given me great concern that I have been obliged to trouble 
 your Lordship with such quantitys of paper : And I could 
 have been glad to have Stopt a letter which I sent to NYork 
 
 ^ "Bernard Papers," vol. ii (Letter Book), p. 27. 
 
48 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 about a month agoe, which was wrote before I had any 
 advice of the resolutions taken in regard to M^ Barons ~ 
 It contained an Acco^ of his intention to embarras me with 
 the House & to libell me in the papers. But both those 
 purposes were soon defeated: His petition was rejected by 
 the House & his libell was refused by the Printers So I hope 
 I shall never again after this letter, have occasion to name his 
 name to your Lordship, 
 
 The ferment in this place begins to subside : M^ Barons has 
 withdrawn two of his own Actions & been nonsuited in the 
 third and I hope means may be used to prevent the other 
 two from troubling the privy Council. The contests in the 
 General Assembly begin to abate : I have been no party to 
 them since the meeting of the present Assembly in May last ; 
 Since that time I have been chiefly a Spectator of Disputes 
 which I could not prevent : but if I have the general credit, 
 which some of both partys flatter me with I shall hope to be 
 an effectual mediator between them. When I consider what 
 a deal of tiouble I have had in this government, it sounds 
 very odd to me to be told that there is not one Member of 
 either house that is not friendly to me. But I am not on so 
 good terms with the merchants: some of them have been 
 above this fortnight preparing papers to be sent home, which, 
 I believe will Answer no other purpose than to keep up the 
 remembrance of things which they should desire should be 
 forgottan. Some few of them labour hard to get some clauses 
 reflecting upon me included : but I can't blame them ; for if 
 it had not been for me, there would have been now neither 
 Court of Admiralty nor Custom house here 
 
 Not but that the merchants here want redress in regard 
 to Several of the Laws of trade : but they don't use proper 
 means nor take the proper time. I tell 'em again & again that 
 
HIS FAMILY 49 
 
 they must wait for the Conclusion of peace before they can 
 ask the ministry to Set about Civil regulations: and assure 
 them that at such time I will assist them to the Utmost of my 
 power. It is with this view that I have so long intended to 
 lay before your Lordship a State of the Laws of trade in 
 America & the necessity of altering some of them &c : which 
 I still hope to do before it is wanted — 
 
 We find this Country to agree very well with us & in general 
 enjoy good health I have Seven of my Children now with 
 me my Second son is to be put under a merchant here 
 next month. I expect my eldest son (upon a visit in order to 
 Settle the further plan of his Education) this next Summer. 
 He writes me word, he has been at your Lordships door 
 Several times. He shall take care to Signify to your Lordship 
 the time proposed for his departure by a line. He returned 
 to school at the Coronation & became a Kings Scholar again. 
 We are pleased here with the Appearance of Spring : I long 
 to get to the Castle, notwithstanding the narrow escape I 
 had last Year, with the Additions & improvements I have made, 
 It is the prettiest summer residence I know : and it is the only 
 place where I can read & write to any purpose but business — 
 
 I herewith enclose the printed Account of a publick Audience 
 I gave to an Indian an orator, a Councellor & a warrior; & 
 my friend. He was a principal Manager at the Treaty at 
 Easton in 1758 & from thence Joined Gen^ Forbes & was the 
 first that entred Fort du Quesne after the French abandoned it. 
 He commanded the Enghsh Indians at the Battle of Niagara, 
 afterwards Attended Gen' Amherst to Montreal & now having 
 nothing to do, He travelled 400 Miles to visit me I took 
 hold of the oppertunity to pay a Compliment to the 6 Nations 
 & therefore gave him a pubHck Audience to Authenticate 
 his dispatches. This I did more out of regard to the King's 
 
50 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 Service in general than any want that this province has of 
 those Indians. And they on the other hand will distinguish 
 between a Compliment unattended with any requisition or 
 expectations of a return & those they are most used to, which 
 are visibly founded upon self Interest & therefore, as they 
 wisely discern no instances of real friendship. 
 
 M""? Bernard desires I will express her most gratefull 
 Acknowledgments for your kind care of her & hers. If the 
 pohtical estimate of the value of a Family be reckoned by a 
 combined proportion of the number & usefulness of the persons 
 produced by it, I hope, my children will hereafter be reckoned 
 in the estimate of the family of your Lordships Grand father 
 
 I am with due Compliments to the Ladies & all other our 
 friends with great respect. 
 
 My Lord, Your Lordships 
 Most obedient & most humble Servant 
 My Lord Barrington 
 
 P. S. Febry^ 27.. 1762 
 Since my writing this letter the 4^?" suit Against M' Paxton 
 a Custom house officer is ended by the Jury pursuant to 
 Strong recommendation from the Judges finding for the defend^ 
 The 5*1" Cause I apprehend will be soon ended by the plan*, 
 discharging the Judgment to prevent his answering in appeal 
 So that the Kings authority is now triumphant in every in- 
 stance : but in the assembly things are not so quiet as I could 
 wish. 
 
 However I have the pleasure to acquaint your Lordship that 
 the assembly has given an evident proof that a personal 
 opposition to me has no part in their dissentions. For this 
 day a vote passed both Houses in the following words 
 
 Resolved that in consideration of the extraordinary Services 
 of his Excellency Governor Bernard there be granted to 
 
MT. DESERT 51 
 
 him his heirs & assignes the Island of mount desart^ 
 
 lying north eastward of penobscot bay and that a grant 
 
 thereof to be laid before his majesty for his approbation 
 
 be signed by the Secretary & Speaker on behalf of the 
 
 two Houses. 
 
 This Island is distinguished in most maps & is about 15 
 
 Miles long & 5 or 6 wide at a medium : it contains between 
 
 40 & 50,000 acres among which is some very rich land. I 
 
 shall visit it this Summer & will then give your Lordship an 
 
 account of it at present unknown as it is to me I would 
 
 not take ^looo Sterling for it. 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD HARRINGTON 2 
 
 Castle William May i. 1762 
 My Lord 
 
 It will be agreable to your Lordship to to receive information 
 that the Disputes which have subsisted here for some time 
 concerning the Custom house officers & Court of Admiralty 
 are subsided ; and that in every instance the Kings Authority 
 has prevailed : the Actions which were brought against dif- 
 ferent ofi&cers are all either determined on the side of the 
 Crown or withdrawn. The Act that put the last End to 
 these commotions was my negativing a bill which passed both 
 Houses & was intended to substitute a new & very insuffi- 
 cient kind of Writ in lieu of the Writ of Assistance granted 
 to the Custom house officers in pursuance of Acts of parHa- 
 ment. This the Council, greatly contrary to their duty, 
 suffered to come up to me: and as it was a Very popular 
 
 ^ The story of Bernard's connection with Mount Desert is told by George 
 E. Street with considerable matter from the "Sparks Manuscripts" in his 
 Mount Desert, a History, ch. iv. 
 
 2 "Bernard Papers," vol. ii (Letter Book), p. 187. 
 
52 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 subject, I gave it a more solemn condemnation than it de- 
 served. I ordered the Judges to attend the Council & having 
 there stated the Matters of Law & proposed Questions 
 thereupon I had the Authority of their opinion that the Bill 
 was contradictory to an Act of parliament: I therefore im- 
 mediately rejected it in open Council. This occasioned a 
 good deal of Murmuring ; but there was no room for a Serious 
 objection to my proceedings. 
 
 This was at the end of a session in which they had done 
 the Kings business in part only, tho' they had given some 
 assurances that every thing I desired should be done at the 
 next Session. Before the next Session which began the 14th 
 of last Month The Advice of the Spanish War arrived. I 
 therefore ordered the Declaration of War ^ to be published 
 the day the assembly met; & that same day I opened the 
 Session with a speech, wherein I told them they must take 
 care of themselves k should have my assistance therein; 
 but that I should not interfere with their Councils nor would 
 be answerable for them. They immediately & allmost unani- 
 mously granted every thing that I could ask of them in 
 the amplest amnner. At the end of the Session I compli- 
 mented them in a way that has proved very agreable to them 
 both within doors & without. So that, at this precise time 
 I am a very popular Governor. 
 
 How long this will last I dont know nor pretend to guess. 
 But I have long thought that in general Governors have 
 greatly impaired their own authority by interfering too 
 much in the provincial Councils ; & have thereby been obliged 
 to resort to Management & Intrigue to do that, for which 
 they might have had, by a more open way of acting, the 
 Voice of the people. I wont say that this observation will 
 
 1 Followed by "against Spain," then crossed ofi. 
 
POLICY 53 
 
 hold every where; but it is plain to me that this is the 
 right policy for this Country. The People here are loyal 
 & public spirited, but jealous of their liberties (of which 
 they form high & sometimes unconstitutional ideas) to a 
 great degree : and therefore the appearance of treating them 
 as Independents (I mean in politicks) is Very agreable to them. 
 And in so doing, It seems to me that I am strengthening 
 myself; Whilst I am giving them credit for their indepen- 
 dency I have a right to insist upon my own. And I do so : 
 It has been the principal object of my politicks, since I arrived 
 here to place my self on a bottom of my own. I had no other 
 choice : When I came here I found the province divided into 
 parties so nearly equal, that it would have been Madness 
 for me to have put my self at the head of either of them. I 
 had therefore nothing to do but to keep myself to my self 
 & maintain my own Dignity. 
 
 Your Lordship has here a System of pohticks of a very 
 inferior kind to those of that great estabHshment in which 
 you bear so considerable a part. But the importance of this 
 Country is now well known : & its politicks must also undergo 
 the Examination of the British Councils, as soon as the con- 
 tentions of Princes will allow time for it 
 
 I am with all due regards to your Lordship & our other 
 friends 
 
 My Lord &c 
 Lord Barrington 
 
54 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD HARRINGTON ^ 
 
 Castle William May 
 2^^ 1762 
 My Lord 
 
 I am favoured ^ with your Lordships letter of 14*^^ of Jan- 
 uary which came to my hands not till the 16*^ of May : like 
 every other it adds greatly to our obbigations, I quite approve 
 of My Lord Egremonts determination & have the fullest 
 Sense of his favor. The only reason why I pressed the matter 
 so far was, that by carrying ^ it into execution now, I could 
 have made it contributory to M^ Bernards Security in case 
 of accidents. 
 
 I shall now give M"^ Pemberton a patent in pursuance of 
 his sign manual : he has patiently waited for it to this time. 
 I believe he will write to your Lordship to assure you that 
 he shall be ready to carry the agreement into execution 
 whenever proper means can be devised for it ; & also to desire 
 your Lordships patronage that you would protect his office, 
 which now extends to all the ports in the province from being 
 partitioned ; such a design having been on foot. I appre- 
 hend ^ that after the assurances given by ^ my Lord Egre- 
 mont, such a Caution is ^ unnecessary. Nevertheless if M"^ 
 Pemberton should write to this purpose, your Lordship will 
 be so good as to excuse it. 
 
 By accounts received from England I think it probable 
 that my eldest son is now on the Sea in his passage to us. 
 I found it very necessary in order to settle the future plan of 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. ii (Letter Book), p. 190. 
 
 2 First written "informed." * First written "apprehended." 
 * First written "engaging." ^ First written "to." 
 
 ^ First written "in." 
 
THE NAVAL OFFICE 55 
 
 his destinations to have an interview with him; & I have 
 obtained the Dean of Christ Church's leave for that purpose, 
 having engaged that he shall lose no time in his studies. And 
 I shall endeavour to keep my word & hope by means of a 
 little leisure time of my own & the assistance of the professor 
 of Mathematicks at the College (with whom I am very friendly) 
 to send him back well advanced in the principles of Mathe- 
 maticks & Natural Philosophy : in which when he has recieved 
 the finishing pohsh at Oxford, It will be time for him to fix 
 upon some certian business. 
 
 I hope my congratulations to your Lordship & M' Barring- 
 ton on his promotions at Christ Church came to hand. I 
 know but of one Vessel with letters of mine on board that 
 has failed & that had only Duplicates, 
 
 Our compliments wait on your Lordship & all our friends. 
 I am. with great respect 
 
 My Lord, Your Lordships 
 most obedient & most humble 
 Servant 
 R* Honble Lord Viscount Barrington, 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON ^ 
 
 Boston June 7. 1762 
 My Lord 
 
 Since I sent away the original of my inclosed Letter, M' 
 Pemberton has delivered me a duplicate of one of his to your 
 Lordship which will go in the Cover with this. He is per- 
 fectly satisfied with the declarations of My Lord Egremont 
 to secure his office from the applications of other people. I 
 have before commended his candor in this transaction : I 
 
 ' "Bernard Papers," vol. ii (Letter Book), p. 193. 
 
58 BARRINGTON -BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD i 
 
 Cavendish Square ii*'' Septm' 1762 
 
 Dear Sir 
 
 I have received various Letters from you, & one from M' 
 Pemberton: I have made the proper use of them all. I 
 shall watch every opportunity that offers, and endeavor to 
 employ it for your service. I shall also, if necessary, give 
 any assistance in my power to the Agents you employ about 
 the Grants made to you by the Province, of which I most 
 sincerely wish you joy, both on account of the advantage 
 they will be to your family, and as they are testimonials of 
 the respect & good will borne you by the people of your 
 Government. 
 
 I had lately a visit from Cap* Booth, who asked my con- 
 sent for his marrying M"'* Porter, which I most willingly gave. 
 He told me he intended to settle his fortune first on her, and 
 afterwards on your Children, if he had none of his own, which 
 he did not seem to expect. 
 
 We are in full expectation of a speedy Peace ; whenever it 
 is concluded you shall have an immediate account from me. 
 I beg you will present my best compliments to M"^ Bernard, 
 & believe me to be with the greatest truth & regard 
 Dear Sir 
 
 Your Excellency's 
 most faithful & 
 most obedient Servant 
 
 BARRINGTON 
 
 His Excellency 
 Governor Bernard 
 
 » "Bernard Papers," vol. x (Correspondence), p. 15. 
 
FAMILY MATTERS 59 
 
 LORD HARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD 1 
 
 Cavendish Square 6*'' October 1762 
 Dear Sir 
 
 Since my Letter to you by last Packet, M' Booth is mar- 
 ried to M"'^ Porter, of which he has acquainted me by Letter, 
 assuring me of his determination to settle his fortune in the 
 manner mentioned in my last, to Wit ; First on his wife, and 
 then on your children, in case he has none of his own. I 
 beg leave to make my best compliments to you and M^^ Ber- 
 nard on this occasion. 
 
 I have seen M"^ Jackson, and have concerted with him how 
 I can be most serviceable to you, in case my good Ofi&ces 
 should be wanting. 
 
 I was in hopes of sending you an account of the Peace by 
 this Packet : I think you will hear it by the next. I am with 
 great truth 
 
 I beg leave to add my best comp^ Dear Sir 
 
 to M"^ Bernard & your Son. your Excellency's 
 
 most faithful humble Servant 
 Barrington 
 His Excellency 
 
 Governor Bernard 
 
 1" Bernard Papers," vol. x (Correspondence), p. 29. 
 
58 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD i 
 
 Cavendish Square ii^'' Septm^ 1762 
 Dear Sir 
 
 I have received various Letters from you, & one from M' 
 Pemberton: I have made the proper use of them all. I 
 shall watch every opportunity that offers, and endeavor to 
 employ it for your service. I shall also, if necessary, give 
 any assistance in my power to the Agents you employ about 
 the Grants made to you by the Province, of which I most 
 sincerely wish you joy, both on account of the advantage 
 they will be to your family, and as they are testimonials of 
 the respect & good will borne you by the people of your 
 Government. 
 
 I had lately a visit from Cap^ Booth, who asked my con- 
 sent for his marrying M^ Porter, which I most willingly gave. 
 He told me he intended to settle his fortune first on her, and 
 afterwards on your Children, if he had none of his own, which 
 he did not seem to expect. 
 
 We are in full expectation of a speedy Peace ; whenever it 
 is concluded you shall have an immediate account from me. 
 I beg you will present my best compKments to M" Bernard, 
 & believe me to be with the greatest truth & regard 
 Dear Sir 
 
 Your Excellency's 
 most faithful & 
 
 most obedient Servant 
 
 Barrington 
 
 His Excellency 
 Governor Bernard 
 
 ^ "Bernard Papers," vol. x (Correspondence), p. 15. 
 
FAMILY MATTERS 59 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD 1 
 
 Cavendish Square 6*'' October 1762 
 Dear Sir 
 
 Since my Letter to you by last Packet, M' Booth is mar- 
 ried to M'^ Porter, of which he has acquainted me by Letter, 
 assuring me of his determination to settle his fortune in the 
 manner mentioned in my last, to Wit ; First on his wife, and 
 then on your children, in case he has none of his own. I 
 beg leave to make my best comphments to you and M"" Ber- 
 nard on this occasion, 
 
 I have seen M' Jackson, and have concerted with him how 
 I can be most serviceable to you, in case my good Ofl&ces 
 should be wanting, 
 
 I was in hopes of sending you an account of the Peace by 
 this Packet : I think you will hear it by the next, I am with 
 great truth 
 
 I beg leave to add my best comp' Dear Sir 
 
 to M^ Bernard & your Son. your Excellency's 
 
 most faithful humble Servant 
 Barrington 
 His Excellency 
 
 Governor Bernard 
 
 1" Bernard Papers," vol. x (Correspondence), p, 29, 
 
6o BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD HARRINGTON i 
 
 Castle William Aug. 30*'* 1762 
 
 My Lord 
 
 As I have given your Lordship a false Ace* of the french 
 force at Newfoundland, as it was reported at the beginning 
 of the Alarm, I must endeavour to make you amends by a 
 more true Account now. The french fleet Consists of the 
 Robuste 74 guns Eveille 64. guns Licorne 36 & a transport 
 with 26 or 30 guns (no matter which) called the Garrone. 
 The ships are extreamly ill maned with Sailors, but the land 
 forces are very good consisting of 900 Granadiers & 300 
 Marines. They have fortifyed S* Johns & propose to keep 
 it this winter depending, no doubt, upon the seasons not per- 
 mitting a relief from England or the West Indies. But they 
 will find themselves mistaken. Upon the Antelope arriving 
 at Placentia & joining the Sirene there, & the Gosport arriving 
 at New York & being ordered to Halifax I sent our Province 
 Ship the King George (a complete 20 gun Frigate) to Halifax. 
 And my Lord Colville immediately After, on the 10'^'' of 
 August, sailed from Halifax with the Northumberland Gos- 
 port & King George to join the Antelope & Sirene & proceed 
 to S' John's to block up the french fleet there. In the mean 
 time Gen! Amherst has fitted out a land Armament under the 
 Command of Col Amherst of Sufficient force to attack S* 
 Johns by land : and I expect every day to hear that they are 
 sailed from Halifax to Join Lord Colville so that we hope to 
 have a good Account of the French fleet & Army before 
 Winter sets in. It happened that Lord Colville left Hahfax 
 
 » "Bernard Papers," vol. ii (Letter Book), p. 207. There is no address on this 
 letter, but it is dearly to Lord Barrington. See Governor Bernard's letter of 
 Oct. 20, 1762. 
 
NEWFOUNDLAND 6i 
 
 before he received Advice of the land Armament being form- 
 ing : but such measures have been taken, that this is not 
 like to create any disappointment or delay in the execution 
 of the scheme. I mean not to make myself Answerable for 
 Consequences, but think that this expedition has a very 
 promising Appearance : & therefore take the oppertunity of a 
 Snow saihng for Bristol to inform your Lordship of it. 
 I am with great respect 
 My Lord Your Lordships most &c 
 &c 
 
 By the Snow Bristol packet 
 sail*^ Sep. 4 
 
 PS. Sep 14*'^ Sep 
 
 I take this oppertunity of a Brigs sailing from this port 
 for Bristol to transmit to your Lordship this duplicate & at 
 the same time to inform you that Col. Amherst with the land 
 forces saild from Halifax on the 26^^ for Newfoundland : as 
 it is now 5 Weeks since Lord Colville sailed for S* Johns & I 
 hawe heard nothing from the Captain of our ship I Conclude 
 that they arrived at S^ Johns time enough to block up the 
 french there : & if the Sufficiency of their strenght was doubt- 
 full before I hope it will be put out of all doubt by the junc- 
 tion of the Enterprize lately arrived from the Havanna & 
 with the Addition of some troops just returned to New York. 
 
 I beg leave most sincerely & heartily to Congratulate your 
 Lordship upon the Reduction of the Havanna a Conquest 
 more great & Important than living memory or British His- 
 tory can Afford. 
 
 Duplicate & P. S By the Brg Rain bow 
 
 potberry for Bristol sailed 
 
62 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD » 
 
 Cavendish Square Nov. 13, 1762. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I have now the Pleasure to congratulate your Excellency 
 on the conclusion of a Peace with France and Spain signed 
 the 3^ Instant at Paris by the respective Ministers of those 
 Crowns & by the Duke of Bedford. They have been ratify'd 
 already here, & I beleive in France ; & there is no doubt of 
 their being ratify'd by Spain as soon as possible. I have not 
 seen any Copy, but the Paper herewith inclosed (pubHsh'd 
 in one of the News Papers) I beHeve contains pretty nearly 
 the truth. I think the Peace a good one, & hope others will 
 be of that opinion. I am with my best Comps to M'.^ Bernard 
 
 & my Cousins 
 
 Dear Sir 
 
 Your Excellency's 
 
 most faithful & 
 
 obedient Servant 
 
 Barrington 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON 2 
 
 Castle William Oct. 20*'' 1762 
 My Lord 
 
 By a Letter dated Aug'.' 30 & a postscript added to the 
 duplicate thereof I informed your Lordship of the measures 
 which were taking for the recovery of S^ Johns by an im- 
 mediate armament from the continent: and happily it has 
 the success which I then flattered myself with. When the 
 French arrived here, — this Coast was Very defenceless: & 
 yet it could not be regretted, Since it was occasioned by the 
 
 ' "Bernard Papers," vol. x (Correspondence), p. 33. 
 ' Ibid., vol. ii (Letter Book), p. 219. 
 
NEWFOUNDLAND 63 
 
 Assistance which North America gave to the Expedition against 
 the Havannah without which it could not have succeded. & 
 therefore if the taking S^ Johns had been more detrimental than 
 it was ; it would be but fair to ballance it with the Havannah. 
 The French Commander, upon his arrival at Newfoundland, 
 declared that he knew there was no Man of War upon the 
 Coast but the Northumberland: in which, if he meant to 
 confine himself to Halifax, he was not mistaken. He there- 
 fore thought himself safe in determining to hold the place 
 thro' the Winter concluding that no Armament could arrive 
 from England or the West Indies time enought before the 
 Winter was set in; and that North America was unable to 
 fit out one: but in the latter he was disappointed. The 
 Sirene of 20 guns arrived upon the coast of Newfoundland 
 about the same time with the french fleet, & soon after the 
 Antelope of 50 guns arrived & escaped the Enemy. These 
 rendevoused at, Placentia. Soon after, the Gosport arrived 
 at N York with a Convoy & immediately after, sailed for 
 Halifax. I had kept our Province Ship the King George (a 
 complete 20 gun frigate & then in Very good order) in readi- 
 ness to join Lord Colville, & upon hearing the Gosport was 
 Sail'd from NYork I ordered the King George to Halifax; 
 which arriving a few days after the Gosport Lord Colville 
 immediately sail'd to join the Antelope & Sirene & face the 
 Enemy. The Naval Force stood thus 
 
 French Robuste . . 
 
 • 74 
 
 EngUsh 
 
 Northumber- 
 
 
 Eveille . . 
 
 64 
 
 
 land . . 
 
 64 
 
 Licorne . . 
 
 36 
 
 
 Antelope 
 
 50 
 
 Garonne 
 
 . 26 
 
 
 Gosport 
 
 40 
 
 Grammont . 
 
 16 
 
 
 Sirene . . 
 
 20 
 
 
 216 
 
 
 King George 
 
 20 
 
 194 
 
64 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 In the mean time a land Armament was preparing, tho' with 
 so much Secrecy that Lord Colville was not acquainted with 
 it when he sail'd. This was under the command of Col. 
 Amherst, & formes another ballance of Land Forces 
 
 French. Granadiers of English. Regulars . . 900 
 
 France . . 900 Provincials of 
 
 Marines . . . 300 Massachusets 
 
 1200 Bay . . 500 
 
 1400 
 
 Irish recruits uncertain 
 
 Artillery not reckoned : 
 
 chiefly on board the Ships 
 
 With this force, in which the besiegers very little exceeded in 
 number the beseiged, has this place strong by nature, made 
 stronger than ever by additional fortifications, & defended 
 by, what the Enemy called, the best troops of France, been 
 taken. The Sum of the french prisoners with that of the 
 killed added thereto is very near equal to the whole Number 
 of the English Regulars. But We must make due allowance 
 for the provincials ; one company of which being light In- 
 fantry & joined to the same corps of regulars was no ways 
 inferior to them in driving the french from the severall out 
 posts which they endeavoured to maintain. Two days after 
 the Place was taken arrived 4 Men of War from England : 
 So that this Expedition was favoured to the last by the whole 
 honor of it being preserved entire to the first adventurers. 
 
 As I had before informed your Lordship of this Expedition, 
 I have thought proper to conclude the History of it. 
 
 I am &c 
 The Right Honblc The Lord 
 \'iscount Barrington 
 
TEE NAVAL OFFICE 65 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTONi 
 
 Castle William Oct. 21 1762 
 My Lord 
 
 At the desire of M'' Pemberton, Naval Officer throughout 
 this Province, I am to inform your Lordship that he is appre- 
 hensive that A Gentleman lately gone from hence professedly 
 to get A Place in this Country by appointment from Eng- 
 land, has a design upon that part of the Naval Office which 
 lies in the port of Salem : & therefore He begs the favor of 
 your Lordship under whose patronage he considers his Office 
 to be, to bespeak my Lord Egremont's attention, that such 
 an application, if it should be made, may be duly considered 
 I dont apprehend that there is any probability of such an 
 attempt succeding, but by the means of misrepresentation 
 or misapprehension : & therefore I Should think that it 
 would be quite sufficient to Enter a Caveat with M'' Wood. 
 Indeed I Should not have troubled Your Lordship with this, 
 but that I could not refuse M"^ Pemberton in assisting him 
 in Such acts of Caution, which he Shall think proper to take 
 
 I am &c 
 The Right Hon'''^ The Lord Viscount Barrington 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON ^ 
 
 Castle William Oct 30^'' 1762 
 My Lord 
 
 I have the pleasure to inform your Lordship that my eldest 
 
 Son arrived here safe on Tuesday last. He received your 
 
 Lordships favor with a letter to M^ Clevland to procure him 
 
 a passage in a Man of War : but a Ship ready to sail for 
 
 ^ "Bernard Papers," vol. ii (Letter Book), p. 223. ^ Ibid., p. 221. 
 
66 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 NYork offering, he thought it best to save time by going on 
 board her. On this side the Madeira he shifted himself on 
 board a Ship bound for this port & came directly hither. I 
 fear I am blamed by my friend in England for engaging him 
 in such a Voyage merely for a Visit as they may call it : But 
 I see it in a stronger light. It has seemed to me absolutely 
 necessary at this most critical time of his Hfe to explore his 
 genius, so as to direct his studies & farther pursuits to proper 
 objects. Parts He by no means wants, & he has hitherto 
 not being deficient in acquiring such learning as has belonged 
 to him : but judgement in choosing his Walk of Ufe & steadi- 
 ness in keeping in it he has Still to gain. To settle this & 
 to initiate him in Mathematicks & Natural Philosophy, 
 so as to make those studies pleasing to him, will be our busi- 
 ness for the 9 or ID Months in which I propose he shall stay 
 here. 
 
 In some of my former letters I mentioned to your Lordship 
 the grant of the Island of Mount desart made by the Assembly 
 to me in consideration of extraordinary expences & Services. 
 I Imd the confirmation of it is like to labour, from the Lords 
 of Trade not being at present inclined to allow the lands on 
 the East side of Penobscot Bay to belong to the province 
 of Massachusets Bay, altho' thier Right to it has heretofore 
 been formally admitted in pursuance of the opinion of the 
 Atty & Soil' general, Be that as it will, I perceive that the 
 litigation of this Question, if it is carried to its full lenght, 
 will be very tedious & very warm. And therefore I am Very 
 desirous of getting my business exempted from it, which I 
 think may be done by giving it a new Turn by making a little 
 change in the terms of my Application for the Kings con- 
 firmation. I must not conceal from your Lordship, that this 
 Island is a great object to one who has such a Number of 
 
MT. DESERT 6^ 
 
 young children as have fallen to our lot; & therefore must 
 not be lost for want of any pains of mine or any assistance I 
 can procure from my friends, I shall endeavour to avoid 
 giving your Lordship unnecessary trouble: when it cannot 
 be spared I know you'l excuse it 
 
 I am &c 
 The Right Honble The Lord Viscount Barrington 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD ^ 
 
 Cavendish Square 13. Feb: 176^ 
 Dear Sir, ' ^' 
 
 I have enter'd a Caveat with MF Wood, who will be sure 
 to let nothing be done in the office concerning M^ Pemberton's 
 Place, without my knowlege. 
 
 I have lately seen M^ Jackson, who will not fail to apprize 
 me when he wants my help in your affairs. 
 
 Last tuesday I had the misfortune to lose my mother after 
 a very few hours illness. She was senseless from her first 
 seizure, and seem'd easy and quiet till she dyed. I beg you 
 will present my best Comp^ to M- Bernard, and all my 
 Cousins & I am with great truth 
 DrSir 
 
 Your most faithful 
 humble Serv^ 
 
 Barrington 
 
 » "Bernard Papers," vol. x (Correspondence), p. 57. 
 
68 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LOR:d HARRINGTON ^ 
 
 Castle William May 21-1763 
 My Lord 
 
 I am favoured with your Lordships letter of the 13*^ of 
 Febry informing of Lady Barrington's Death. I should 
 tliink an easy determination of a well spent Life rather a 
 subject for 2 congratulation than condolance, if it was not 
 for the pain which the separation gives the relatives left behind. 
 
 I was loath to give your Lordship the last trouble concern- 
 ing the Naval Office ; but M^ Pemberton is a cautious Man ; 
 and I could not avoid satisfying his fears. And now there is 
 occasion for further trouble: by the new establishment of 
 the board of Trade, This Office falls into the patronage of 
 M- Townshend, and I suppose it will be necessary to secure 
 his Confirmation of Lord Egremonts Designation. Your 
 Lordship w^il judge what will be the best method of procuring 
 that : that nothing may be wanting, I inclose an abstract 
 of the Memorial submitted to Lord Egremont; which, tho' 
 contracted in words, is sufficiently expHcit in matter. 
 
 I must also beg your Lordship to reconmiend me in general 
 terms to M^ Townshend, I have wrote to him upon the Subject 
 of his appointment & have made a ready offer of my Service 
 in giving him information of what has occured to me in re- 
 gard to such matters as are too delicate for pubhc letters. 
 I wrote to your Lordship (dated Dec' 15 1761) a short state 
 of my pretensions to being of some use, in case a Revisal & 
 new Settlement of the Political state of N. America should 
 have a place in the British Councils : to that letter I would 
 now refer; what addition to it shall be necessary, I shall 
 consider & forward by the best oppartunity, 
 
 » "Bernard Papers," vol. iii (Letter Book), p. 62. 2 pirgt written "of." 
 
MT. DESERT 69 
 
 The Grant of Mount desert still remains in suspension, for 
 want of the original grant, which having been deHvered into 
 the Secretary's Office is mislaid so that it cannot be found. 
 A Duplicate of it sent to the Lords of Trade was taken ; but a 
 triplicate, I sent lately, was arrivd. At the beginning of 
 last Winter My Conduct & the Provinces was I beheve mis- 
 represented from Nova Scotia; and The Lords hearing that 
 Side only judged us rather too hastily. Some time after, my 
 papers arriv'd, which, I understand, have shown my conduct 
 & the Provinces right in a dififerent light from what they were 
 seen in before. I have upon this occasion received a kind 
 letter from thier Lordships which makes amends for a un- 
 pleasant one which the Nova Scotia Representation produced. 
 I am much obliged to your Lordship for the concern you 
 have expressed in this affair. I hope your Lordship will 
 not have much more trouble in it ; as it seems to me that the 
 right of the Province to those lands is too strong to be set 
 aside: And M- Jackson is full in this Opinion. There have 
 certainly been great pains taken in the defence of the Province's 
 right ; and I have had my full share of them & I hope without 
 giving offence, as appears from the following Clause in thier 
 Lordships last letter to me "Wee can have no objection to 
 "your acceptance of this grant as a Testimony of the ap- 
 " probation & favour of that Province in whose service & 
 "in the conduct of whose affairs you have manifested such 
 "Zeal & Capacity" — 
 
 We have passed thro' a very Severe Winter in good health. 
 I have now 8 of my 10 Children in family with me. Frank 
 will soon take his departure for England ; when I shall ac- 
 quaint your Lordship with my thoughts concerning him. I 
 am with our joint compliments to your Lordship, & our friends 
 &c My Lord — your Lordships &c 
 The R^ Honble L^ Barrington 
 
70 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD HARRINGTON » 
 
 Boston June 15. 1763. 
 My L 
 
 When I was at Penobscot last Summer I engaged the Com- 
 mander of Fort Pownall on that river to employ the best 
 hand he could to make an Indian Canoo, which I entended 
 for y' Serpentine River at Becket. The Captain after- 
 wards wrote me Word that he had employed a Squaw of the 
 Penobcot Tribe (who are all now our Freinds) esteemed the 
 best hand for a Canoo in America, to exert the utmost of her 
 art on this occasion. But when I came to recieve it, I find 
 I have been mistaken ; & instead of a practicable Canoo they 
 have sent me only a a Modell of one. I am so disappointed in 
 this, that in order to alleviate it, I have resolved to send y* 
 Lordship this trifle of trifles, which perhaps may recommend 
 itself as a < iriosity : as it is the work of a Lady, perhaps of 
 the first quahty among her own people, & is exactly the same 
 both in materials & Workmanship as a full sized Canoo. I 
 intend however to send y' Lordship a full sized one, which 
 tho capable of holding three or four at a time is easily carried 
 by one man from river to river. 
 
 I propose to reconnoitre this Country this Summer with 
 great accuracy, the assembly having authorised me to employ 
 a Mathematician to make observations all along the Coast. 
 I have a very good Man for that purpose, the Professor of 
 Mathematics at this College, whom I shall accompany, & 
 assist myself. And I shall make a a further progress in sur- 
 veying Mount Desart, unless I am ordered oflf from home. I 
 have concluded with 60 families with a Minister at their head 
 & a Merchant to supply 'm to settle there this Summer upon 
 » "Bernard Papers," vol. iii (Letter Book), p. 78. 
 
MT. DESERT 71 
 
 a plan already laid out: I want only power to make them 
 a title. There are also 920 families ready to settle upon the 
 continent adjoining to the Islands in 12 Townships already 
 mark't out. I shall greive much (setting aside my own in- 
 terest) if this settlement should be defeated ; as it is compactly 
 planned & laid out to great advantage. And when I con- 
 sider how much it has Cost the Government of Great Britain 
 to settle 4000 Souls in some other Parts of America, I think 
 it will be a great pity that such a Settlement should be re- 
 fused when offered to be brought forward at no public expence ^ 
 at all. For my own part I have been drawn into this scheme 
 imperceptibly : & now the People call on me to be their leader, 
 which I shall decline no longer, than till I can learn that my 
 establishing a New Colony in a desert (which will long remain 
 impeopled if this opportunity is neglected) will be approved 
 
 Yours &c 
 
 The R Horble the L Viscount Barrington 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON 2 
 
 Castle William Aug^* i 1763 
 My Lord 
 
 I have the favor of your Lordships letter of the 30*^'' of 
 
 March which came to my hands not till the 23^*^ of July. I 
 
 wrote to your Lordship a letter dated May 21^!^ desiring your 
 
 Lordships favor to recommend me to M' Townshend whom 
 
 I then imagined to be first Lord of Trade. I must now beg 
 
 to tranfer the requests in that letter from M^ Townshend to 
 
 Lord Shelburne who, according to my instructions, has the 
 
 patronage of America in the Same manner as Lord Halifax had, 
 
 ^ First written "offence." 
 
 2 "Bernard Papers," vol. iii (Letter Book), p. 86. 
 
72 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 I write to his Lordship by the packet, to make him an offer 
 of my best Services: your Lordships recormnendation will 
 make them much more acceptable than they can be of them- 
 selves. 
 
 I wrote to your Lordship also on June 15 on the Subject of 
 Mount Desart: this business still continues promising; but 
 the delay is unsuitable & will obUge me to enter into some 
 Expence this Summer in dependence of a future confirmation 
 of my title. A Letter I have just now received from the Lords of 
 trade sayes that "it would be very agreeable to them to concur 
 "with the Legislature of the province in so proper a testimony 
 "& approbation of my services to the public" but it is not 
 as yet advisable to bring the incidental questions into dis- 
 cussion, So I don't expect that this Affair will be considered 
 untill next Winter. Mf Jackson has been indefatigable in it 
 
 M"? Bernard joins with me in Comp^* to your Lordship 
 & your La \y & all our friends 
 
 I am, with great respect 
 The R^ Honble My Lord your Lordships 
 
 The Lord Viscount Barrington most obedient &c 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD » 
 
 Cavendish Square 23*^ Febr^ 1764 
 Sir 
 
 I am to return you my best thanks, for your very kind 
 Present of Fish, which came very safe to hand, and is very 
 good. I am ashamed of the trouble you annually give your- 
 self, upon my account. 
 
 I understand thro' M^ Jackson, that your affairs concerning 
 Mount Desert go on well ; he has promised to give me notice 
 * "Bernard Papers," vol. x (Correspondence), p. 163. 
 
MT. DESERT 73 
 
 when I can be Assistant therein. Lord Hillsborough, the 
 present first Lord of Trade, is the most intimate friend I have 
 in the world, and I have not neglected to inform him of 
 my connexions with, and good opinion of you. 
 
 I hope this Letter will find you, M^ Barnard, & all your 
 family in perfect health. I beg you will present my best 
 compliments to her, & add that her Relations on this side the 
 Water are well & much at her service. 
 
 If I were to enter on the PoHtical situation of this Country, 
 it would open too large a field for a Letter : My opinion is 
 that the present Administration will support itself very well, 
 notwithstanding it has been press'd on some popular points, 
 and I hope those Clamours which have artfuly & wickedly 
 been raised, will subside. I am with great truth & esteem 
 
 Dear Sir 
 
 Your Excellencys 
 most faithful 
 
 humble Servant 
 Barrington 
 His Excellency 
 Governor Bernard 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON 1 
 
 Boston March 31^.^ 1764 
 My Lord 
 
 My Eldest Son being now ready to embark in a ship 
 
 bound for England I take the liberty to trouble Your Lordship 
 
 with this, that will inform if no accident happens, of his 
 
 arrival at Christ Church. As the ship he goes in is bound to 
 
 Bristol, He is to make the best of his Way to Oxford from 
 
 ^ " Bernard Papers," vol. iii (Letter Book), p. 133. 
 
74 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 thence; & he will be obliged to keep at College for some 
 time. But he will at all times be proud to receive your 
 Lordships Commands to wait on you at any time & place 
 You shall be pleased to Appoint. 
 
 The friendship with which your Lordship has honoured me 
 & the favourable regards you have shown towards this my 
 Son make it my duty to observe an entire unreserv^edness 
 in expressing to your Lordship the opinion I at present enter- 
 tain of liim. He has a quick Genius & is a good school 
 schollar in latin greek & hebrew to which since he has been 
 here he has added french so far as to read it ; he is inquisitive 
 & has a boundless Curiosity: but he is unsteady, indolent 
 & at present incapable of pursuing a purpose to any great 
 length; so that his studies (for he can't remain Idle) are 
 desultory & more calculated to give him an Imperfect knowl- 
 edge in many Sciences than a Compleat knowledge in any one. 
 
 He is no*-, without ambition but it is quite obscured by his 
 Curiosity ; which has given him a great inclination to travel! 
 & the further the better. I gave him leave to go as far as 
 Philadelphia & when he got there, he had a desire to Visit 
 Fort Pitt & see the Country about the ohio ; & he actually 
 went as far as Alexandria. I dare say He had rather be 
 appointed Secretary to an Embassy to China, than have a 
 place of five times the Value at home. 
 
 Your Lordship may imagine that Dispositions so very Con- 
 trary to my designation of him, which is to get him fixed in 
 some business or other as soon as possible are very unpleasing. 
 I have therefore combatted them with all my power; with 
 what effect must be seen from his future Conduct. However 
 we have agreed that he shall return to college & reside there 
 two years ; at the end of which the disposal of him is to be, 
 if it can be, finally settled. In the mean time I have given 
 
FAMILY MATTERS 75 
 
 him a taste for Philosophy, that seems to take hold of him, 
 by the books he reads & the Questions he asks about the New- 
 tonic System, with which I have made him a Httle acquainted. 
 
 Altho' I cannot much depend upon making him a Man of 
 business, I shall not give it up as yet, as his Abihties will 
 still remain, & two Years may make a great change in his 
 disposition to exert them. At least I hope to be able to resort 
 to that place, which your Lordship was so kind as to engage 
 from Lord Egremont & which notwithstanding the late 
 fluctuation, of the American Patronage, your Lordship will 
 still be so good as to secure. 
 
 M"? Bernard desires to join with me in Compliments to 
 your Lordship & all our friend. 
 
 I am, with great respecet, 
 The Right Honble 1 My Lord your Lordships 
 
 The Ld Viscount Barringtonj most obedient &c &c 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTONJ 
 
 Castle William ^ June 23. 1764 
 My Lord, 
 
 I am favoured with your Lordships letter of Feb. 23, & 
 should have acknowledged it sooner, but that I had a letter 
 to you ^ on the Sea at the time I received your last. I think 
 myself highly honourd by your Lordships friendship ; ■* & 
 can assure you the Sense of it gives great Strength to the guard 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. iii (Letter Book), p. 235. The second and third 
 paragraphs appear as a complete letter in Select Letters on the Trade and Govern- 
 ment of America by Governor Bernard (London, 1774), p. 23. The text is 
 practically like the manuscript; the important differences in wording are 
 noted. 
 
 2 " Castle William " is omitted in Select Letters. 
 
 ' First written "your Lordship." * First written "patronage." 
 
76 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 I keep ^ upon my conduct. I consider myself no less fortunate 
 that the Direction of American Affairs should fall into the 
 hands of the two noble Lords, who have so large a share of 
 your 2 Intimacy. In this Confidence, I am going to give 
 your Lordship a trouble which I flatter myself you^ will excuse 
 tho' you should not approve of it. 
 
 I am not now to acquaint your Lordship that ever since I 
 have been in America, I have studied the Policy of the several 
 Governments & endeavourd to acquire a true Idea of their 
 Relation to Great Britian. But I have had no Encouragement 
 to reduce my thoughts into writing, as heretofore the unsettled 
 State of the Offices ^ afforded me no prospect of a proper 
 opportunity to communicate my Sentiments upon these 
 Subjects. However this Spring I formed my thoughts into 
 a kind of regular System, as concise and as argumentative 
 as could well be.'' And now I wish I had done it sooner : 
 for the kcC proceedings in Parliament have given such a 
 rouse to the poUticians in this Country, that it seems that a 
 pubhcation of some thing of this kind at this time might be 
 of some ® Service. But I could not Venture upon it myself, 
 not only from diffidence of my own Judgement, but because 
 in my Station I do not think myself at liberty to publish 
 anything of this kind without first Submitting it to my 
 Superiors. 
 
 I have therefore thought it proper to transmit to your 
 Lordship two Copies of this piece, that if you ^ think it deserves 
 Notice, you may transmit them to my Lords Halifax & Hills- 
 
 » First written "kept." 
 
 '^ Followed by "Lordships," then crossed off. 
 
 'First written "your Lordship." 
 
 ♦The word "public" is inserted before "Offices" in Select Letters. 
 
 » See Bernard's "Principles of Law and Polity" in his Select Letters, p. 65. 
 
 •Omitted in Select Letters. ^ First written "your Lordship." 
 
REFORMATIONS 77 
 
 borough.^ Altho' it is concise, it is not obscure ; & tho' short 
 it contains the heads of a great deal of Matter : for it seems 
 to me that evry thing I have to say of the American Govern- 
 ments in general & my own Province in particular may be 
 brought into commentaries upon this little Work ; ^ & for 
 such a purpose I have intended it. If it has any Merit, I 
 would have the honour of your Lordships Mediation; if it 
 has none, I shall stand in need of your Apology. 
 
 I shall send your Lordship another Copy by the next 
 packet I send to London : but having these two ready, I was 
 unwilling to lose the benefit of a Ship now ready to sail : 
 for I don't care to trust anybody to copy these but my second 
 Son, who being engaged in a Merchants counting house has 
 very little spare time to write for me. 
 
 M"^ Bernard has lately been very much out of order with 
 a slow feaver but is now mending apace. This CUmate does 
 not agree with her so well as it does with me : if I should have 
 more frequent instances of it I shall be much disconcerted. 
 She joins with me in comphments to your Lordship your Lady 
 & all our friends. 
 
 I am. with great respect 
 The R* Honble My Lord &c 
 
 The Lord Barrington 
 
 ^ The names of Halifax and Hillsborough are left blank in Select Letters. 
 ^ The word is "piece" in Select Letters. 
 
78 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD HARRINGTON » 
 
 Boston July 23, 1764 
 My Lord 
 
 I take this opportunity to send to your Lordship a duplicate 
 of a letter I sent by the Ship Boston packet Capt Marshall 
 which sailed for London on June 27 ; and also another Copy 
 of the paper mentioned therein. I have nothing to add but 
 that the Experience of explaining to the Americans the nature 
 of their own rights keeps encrasing, as new Pampletts on the 
 popular Side are coming out. If your Lordship should think 
 that this Paper affords a proper System for such an explaina- 
 tion, I am quite prepared to enforce & extend the principal 
 propositions thereof, by observations of my own & conclusions 
 drawn from them. If this paper should be thought to deserve 
 a serious Consideration, I should be glad if your Lordship 
 could procure Lord Mansfields thoughts upon it. 
 
 I have the pleasure to inform your Lordship that M":^ 
 Bernard has kept improving ever since the date of my last. 
 She is now a a pleasent house of the Secretary's 5 miles from 
 Boston, which he has lent us ; as the Air of it is thought more 
 suitable to her than than that of my Summer Residence the 
 Castle 
 
 I am, with great respect &c 
 The R* Honble 
 The Lord Vise* Barrington 
 
 » "Bernard Papers," vol. iii (Letter Book), p. 236. 
 
THE NAVAL OFFICE 79 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD ^ 
 
 Beckett 7. Sep|^ 1764. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I have two unanswer'd Letters of your's; one dated in 
 March, the other in June last : It is not long since I received 
 them ; the first having been a great while on its road, before 
 it got hither. Soon after your Son's arrival at oxford, he 
 very obUgingly desired to know whether he might wait on me 
 here to use his own modest expression. He came hither at 
 my request, and past a day or two with us. He seems very 
 much to answer your description of him : I do not see why he 
 should not make his way in the world very well ; and I heartily 
 wish he may ; to the intire satisfaction of his friends. 
 
 In a former Letter I acquainted you that I had mentioned 
 your son to Lord Halifax when he became Secretary of State 
 for the Southern Department ; but as he (Mf Bernard) was 
 considerably under Age, I only said I had a request to make in 
 his favour, which I had made with good prospect of Success 
 to Mr Pitt and Lord Egremont. Finding him to be one and 
 twenty the 2f} of this month, I explain'd the whole Plan 
 of what you & MF Pemberton had settled to Lord Halifax, 
 making oppology for breaking, or rather seeming to break, a 
 resolution he knew I had taken when I became Treasurer of 
 the Navy ; which was to ask no favours of any body, since I 
 was no longer in a Situation to make a return : I told my 
 Lord what I then did was no new matter, having undertaken 
 it with Mf Pitt near four year's ago. I was sorry to find 
 more difficulties than I expected, tho I did not find the least 
 diminution of his Lordships friendly good will for me . He said 
 he had refused many things of the kind, to People he loved & 
 
 * " Bernard Papers," vol. x (Correspondence), p. 187. 
 
8o BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 wish'd to gratify ; conceiving that reversions, additional names 
 added to grants, & resignations in favour of others, were in 
 their natures injurious to the Crown, the PubHck & his suc- 
 cessors in office; all which is most undeniably true. I en- 
 deavour'd to make distinctions between this Case and others ; 
 and left him assuring me he would consider the whole matter 
 carefully, & see what could be done to oblige me. He spoke 
 of you with much esteem and approbation : I left with him 
 one of the two manuscript Copies you transmitted to me; 
 and Lord Hillsborough shall have the other when he returns 
 from Ireland. I shall have more conversation with Lord 
 Halifax at the end of this month concerning your son, and 
 you shall know the result. 
 
 I have lately had some talk with our friend Pownal about 
 mount Desart, who assures me your grant shall have his best 
 assistance, & seems to think it will pass to your Satisfaction : 
 He & M^ Jaciison have promised to let me know when any 
 help of mine is wanted. 
 
 I am extremely concern' d to hear that M"? Bernard has 
 not got her health so well as she had in England. I flatter 
 my self however she will soon get rid of every indisposition 
 and find New England to agree with her as well as the old. 
 I trouble you with a Letter for her in answer of one she lately 
 honour'd me with about her son. I am with great truth & 
 Esteem Dear Sir 
 
 Your Excellency's 
 P-S- Most faithful & 
 
 Since writing this Letter Obedient Servant 
 
 I have received your third Copy 
 
 and the Letter dated 23^ July therewith Barrington 
 
 inclosed 
 
MT. DESERT 8l 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD i 
 
 Beckett 3^ Oct^ 1764. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I had the misfortune to lose Lady Barrington last week. 
 
 She had been very ill, and was not expected to Uve long, but 
 
 her death was not thought to be so near. 
 
 I have presented your work to Lord HaHfax who admires it 
 
 greatly, and says it is the best thing of the kind by much that 
 
 he ever read : I am persuaded Lord Hillsborough will not give 
 
 it less commendation. When I return to London I will see 
 
 what can be done for my Cousin Francis in respect to Pember- 
 
 ton's employment. I am with my best Comp! to M"? 
 
 Bernard Dear Sir 
 
 Your Excellency's 
 
 most faithful & most obed^ Servant 
 
 Barrington. 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON ^ 
 
 Castle William Octo 20. 1764 
 My Lord 
 
 I have been long in hopes, that I should not have occasion 
 
 to trouble Your Lordship upon the Subject of Mount desert 
 
 any more than to return you thanks. But at a time when I 
 
 expected evry day to receive the confirmation of my grant, 
 
 I learn from M"^ Jackson that new objections are made to the 
 
 Province's right to those lands, & when we thought ourselves 
 
 Safe in harbour. We are all drove out to sea again. At the 
 
 Same time I receive from Sec^ Pownall, & by declarations 
 
 from him to M^ Jackson, assurances that I shall have the 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. x (Correspondence), p. 195. 
 ^ Ibid., vol. iii (Letter Book), p. 254. 
 
82 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 Island at all events. I could be content to wait till evry 
 obstacle that stands in my way was removed : but unfort- 
 unately my undertaking's & Engagements will not wait 
 any longer. This obhges me again to be troublesome to all 
 my friends ; the occasion of it I will explain to your L'^ship. 
 
 Altho' for want of the Kings confirmation, I could not do 
 any pubHc Acts of ownerships' yet as I have been allways 
 considered & have considered myself as the Owner of the Island, 
 I have been inavoidably led into considerable expences for 
 improving & peopling the place : Among which, besides my 
 frequent Voyages, I may reckon the Surveying the whole 
 Island, which will come to a large Sum, & the laying out a 
 Town & cutting out all the lines of the principal Streets, to 
 make the plan more readily understood. But this Summer 
 I thought myself uncommonly fortunate: for having had a 
 German Agent introduced to me, who was employed to look 
 out for a settlement for a Congregation he belonged to, I 
 offered him my Town at Mount desert ; where I showd him 
 and accordingly I took him & a German Minister his assistant 
 in my sloop to Mount desert [ ] 
 the spot proposed, & in a very few words came to an agree- 
 ment with him for 80 families, to whom I was to assign 2000 
 acres, being 25 acres each, gratis, & as much more land as they 
 should want at an easy rate then agreed on : and I was to 
 be at a considerable expence in preparations for their recep- 
 tion,^ which I now cannot excuse myself proceeding in 
 
 I had before 20 families of near 100 souls upon the Island or 
 engaged to it, & a sawmill erected there, which I believe 
 contributed to determine the Germans in favour of it. 
 
 Your Lordship may imagine that I plumed myself greatly 
 on this Success; & was not a little pleased at the prospect of 
 
 ^ First written "regard." 
 
MT. DESERT 83 
 
 seeing a regular Town start up in one Summer, in a desert, at a 
 distance from any other Town from 60 to 100 miles evry 
 Way. When instead of receiving my Confirmation, I have 
 advice from M' Jackson, that the objections to the Province's 
 right are again revived. & the Confirmation of the grants are 
 put off sine die. This is a grieveous disappointment : for 
 tho' I should ^ hereafter get the Island, yet if by this delay I 
 lose the German Colony, it will be a loss never to be retrieved. 
 If indeed I should lose them & the Island too, it would be a 
 kind of little ruin. I consider the Island at this time as in- 
 debted to me for 1000 pounds stf & it is, allmost if not quite, 
 the sum total of my Acquisitions in America ; it is peculiarly 
 calculated ^ for the present state of my house, worth nothing 
 at present & valuable only in future ; & I do not expect to get 
 anything from it myself, but it will be a valuable legacy to my 
 Children after I shall, with expence & labour have made it no 
 longer a desert Island. All that I've been to blaim for, is, 
 that I have suffered my Activity & public spirit, to outrun 
 my Prudence : & I could well apologise for that, if I could 
 quote all the encouragements I have had to consider this 
 Island as my own. But I hope & fully persuade myself that 
 I shall not suffer by having been eager to people one spot of the 
 Vast wast of his Majesty's Dominions. 
 
 For this purpose I beg leave to engage your Lordship to 
 be my advocate : to which End I have sent to M"^ Jackson 
 all necessary Papers, among which are Memorials for the 
 Secretary of State, & the board of Trade, with letters to 
 the Sec'?' of State & the first Lord. These M'' Jackson will 
 cummunicate to y' Lordship, & will give you notice when the 
 Matter is pressed, & will inform you, if it should be the Case, as 
 I hope it will, where y' Lordships Interposition will not be 
 
 * First followed by "not," then crossed o£f. ^ First written "adapted." 
 
84 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 wanted as well as where it will be necessary : as I am very 
 desirous that your Lordship should have as little trouble in 
 this Affair as the Exigency's will admit of. 
 
 I am &c 
 The R' Honble The 
 Lord Vise' Barrington. 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON* 
 
 Boston Decf if^ 1764 
 My Lord 
 
 I am favoured with yours of Sepf 7 & Ocf 3 both which 
 came together. M'.^ Bernard has taken upon her to answer 
 the latter ; & I beg leave to join therein 
 
 I am in great hopes my Son will prove an usefull & Steady 
 man : My Letters from England give me good Encouragement 
 to expect it. It is a good account of him that as yet he has 
 acquired no vitious habit whatsoever : and I am therefore 
 desirous as soon as possible, to engage him in actual business, 
 knowing what a dangerous state to a young man Want of 
 Employment is. For this purpose it has been some time my 
 intention to fix him in the Naval Office here, if your Lord- 
 ship's kind intentention to ^ procure it for him should succeed. 
 In this your Lordships friendly Care anticipates my own 
 Sollicitude ; & has, I hope effectually inforced the particular 
 considerations, which distinguish my Case from General rules. 
 
 Upon the time of my sons full age arriving, M^ Pemberton 
 of his own accord renewed his conversation with me on that 
 subject, and as one of the objections, my Son's Minority was 
 over, if the other of making the grant to two Names could 
 
 ^ "Bernard Papers," vol. iii (Letter Book), p. 271. 
 
 » Followed by "fix him in the Naval Off," then changed to "procure." 
 
THE NAVAL OFFICE 85 
 
 not be got over, he would Consent that the sign Manual 
 might be made out in my Son's name upon the following 
 terms. That to provide against accidents of death A Stipu- 
 lation be enter'd in the proper office, if it may be, that at all 
 events Mr Pemberton shall enjoy the profits reserved to him- 
 self, 2 thirds for 2 Years from SepF 1764 one half for 3 years 
 & one third for hfe, this stipulation to be made secure to the 
 Satisfaction of Aid? Baker MF Pembertons friend Also that 
 M^ Bernard shall not enter upon the Office till after the first 
 2 Years & shall then Authorise M^ Pemberton to join in the 
 Administrations of it for 3 Years more. Nevertheless MF 
 Pemberton is very desirous that the Grant should be joint & 
 I should approve of it as it is warranted by former usage & is 
 the least exceptionable Method. 
 
 I am very much flattered with your Lordship's Account of 
 my Lord Hahfax's approbation of my Essay. Altho' the 
 writing itself was an hasty work, the subject matter was the 
 result of some Years consideration begun in the first days of 
 my Government & carried on in the View of Seven Govern- 
 ments which have been within the Circle of my observations ; 
 but was never put upon paper untill June last & then finished 
 in a fortnight in intervals of leisure during the sitting of the 
 Assembly. I have endeavoured to ascertain principles for 
 connecting America with great Britain with a true regard for 
 both my Countries. 
 
 As for Mount desert I have received numberless Assurances 
 of it's being confirmed to me, some directed immediately to 
 myself but many more thro' MF Jackson. I still promise 
 myself that I shall have it : tho' I cannot but regret that it 
 has given so much trouble to my friends: for myself, trouble 
 is my portion ; and I must neither decHne nor regret it. 
 
 I have the pleasure now to inform your Lordship, that M'? 
 
86 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 Bernard has quite recovered her usual health, & seems to be 
 in as good a state now as ever. However she must take Care 
 of herself : She is not so able to bear this rough Climate as I 
 am, who enjoy as good health at the present as at any time 
 of my Life. I have the pleasure to hear that your Lordship 
 also enjoys your usual happy temperament : Long may it be 
 preserved. I am with great gratitude and respect, 
 The Right Honble 1 My Lord, Your Ldps 
 
 The L- Vise' Barringtonf &c &c 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD ^ 
 
 Beckett Aug^ s^^ 1765- 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I have defer'd writing to you for many months expecting 
 that my friend Lord Halifax would come to some determina- 
 tion concerning the Employment now held by M"' Pemberton. 
 I did every thing in my power to conquer his Lordship's 
 Scruples, and indeed what seem'd to me sufficient for that pur- 
 pose; but nothing was done when he resign'd the Seals. I 
 have not half the reason to hope favour from his Successor 
 tho' I have lived on very good terms with him all my life. 
 Solicitation is intollerable to me, & would be impossible if it 
 were new matter ; but such is my desire to serve you & my 
 Cousin, that I will see what can be done in case any favour- 
 able opportunity offers. I beg you will acquaint Mf Ber- 
 nard of this with my best Compliments. 
 
 I left this place about three weeks ago, went directly to the 
 King and beg'd he would dispose of the Employment He had 
 given me, in case it could be of any use to the settlement of 
 
 * "Bernard Papers," vol. x (Correspondence), p. 276. 
 
POLITICS 87 
 
 his affairs under his new administration; & I came out of 
 the Closet a second time Secretary at War to my great Sur- 
 prise. I am at all times & in all situations Dear Sir 
 
 Your Excellency's 
 most faithful 
 humble Servant 
 
 Barrington 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD 1 
 
 Cavendish Square 12*^ Septm^ 1765 
 Dear Sir 
 
 I acquainted you by the last Packet that Lord Halifax 
 had left the Secretary of State's Office, without doing any 
 thing in regard to the Naval Office, tho' I did every thing in 
 my power to remove his scruples. After so Httle success with 
 one of the oldest & most intimate friends I have in the World, 
 I can have but little expectation of succeeding with any 
 body else : however, I have mentioned the Affair to General 
 Conway, who has taken it under his consideration ; but I 
 must confess to you, from what pass'd between us, I con- 
 ceive very slight hopes, if any. I shall not know his final 
 determination before Saturday's Packet sails, however I would 
 not let it depart without carrying you this information; 
 with assurances of my being with great truth and regard 
 Dear Sir 
 
 P.S. Your Excellencys 
 
 I beg my best compliments Most faithful 
 
 may be made to M"^ Bernard humble Servant 
 
 & my young Cousins. Barrington 
 
 ^ " Bernard Papers," vol. x (Correspondence), p. 296. 
 
88 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON^ 
 
 Boston, N. E. Nov^ 15. 1765. 
 My Lord, 
 
 I am favoured with your Lordships letters of Aug^ 5 & 
 Sep' 12. I have long had a desire to write to your Lordship 
 on subjects of more importance than those which have lately 
 given your Lordship so much trouble: but the great Con- 
 fusion which this Province, & more especially this Town, 
 has been put into, has taken from me all choice of Correspond- 
 encies. At present I only sit down to acknowledge your^ 
 Lordships last favours. 
 
 I am heartily sorry that I ever moved this business, which 
 has given your Lordship so much Solicitude & myself so much 
 Mortification, And yet for my own Justification, I must say 
 that I had no Idea of its being a business of so much diffi- 
 culty & Perplexity as I have found it to be. I argued upon 
 the reasonableness of my request, & from thence concluded 
 for its Practicability. I found myself in a Government of 
 very great trouble, & very inadequate pay : I therefore per- 
 suaded myself that I should be allowed to resort to Patron- 
 age for some Compensation; & what could I expect more 
 favorable to me than a Patronage which had in all instances 
 but one belonged to the Governor, & in an instance where I 
 had paved the way by private Negotiations. I do not men- 
 tion this by way of Complaint, but as an Apology for having 
 led ycur Lordship into a fruitless Solicitation ; as from your 
 Lordship last letter I conclude in the end will prove. 
 
 I fear that M Temple's malicious & unjust Charge against 
 me has made impressions to my disadvantage, or at least 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. v (Letter Book), p. 38. 
 
 2 First followed by "favours," then crossed off. 
 
MONEY MATTERS 89 
 
 has created a Notion that I get money fast enough without 
 any extraordinary favour. In regard to the general Imputa- 
 tion against me, I have been very happy in having so good a 
 friend as your Lordship, ready to defend me against a stab 
 in the dark, which It was not in my power to guard myself 
 against. It has been also a great Comfort to me to learn, 
 that at those Offices, where my Conduct has been canvassed 
 for upwards of seven Years, I had gained a credit, which 
 formed a kind of ballance against M Temple's insinuations. 
 And yet it has given me great Concern that I have never had 
 an account of the Particulars of the Charge against me, nor 
 an Opportunity to make a formal defence thereto. It is 
 true, I may suppose from thence that it is entirely discredited ; 
 but yet I could have wished that my Vindication had been at 
 least as public as the Accusation was. 
 
 As for my getting money in this Government, I would with 
 pleasure give an Account of evry shilling I ever received : but 
 perhaps the sum total will be sufficient. The certain Income 
 of this Government including Salary & ordinary fees is 1000 
 guineas a year at a medium. The Contingent profits arising 
 from Shares of the forfeitures have in five Years amounted to 
 about £1700 including the forfeiturs which M Temple 
 grounded his Complaint upon. This makes £340 p Ann ; & 
 the whole income for 5 Years may be called £1400 p Ann. 
 I can't Spend less than 1000 £ p Ann ; & in some Years have 
 spent 2 or 300 £ more. What then is there to lay up. I 
 have lately made a rough Estimate of my whole Possessions : 
 & I find myself worth 1000 pounds more than I was when I 
 rec"^ my first Appointment; & have wondered at my being 
 so rich. I have not been used to be so solicitous about my 
 private profits : but the rising generation makes it evry day 
 more & more my Duty. 
 
90 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 But whatever Success this, or any other Solicitation or 
 expectation of mine may have, I shall allways retain a grate- 
 ful Sense of your Lordships favor; To whom I owe evry 
 thing which I now have, & to whom I am allready indebted 
 beyond all power of retribution, except by sincere thanks & 
 earnest good wishes. I hope very soon to write again to your 
 Lordship ; possibly before I shall have dispatched this. 
 
 I am, &c 
 M'^ Bernard begs leave to 
 join in Compliments to your 
 Lordship & all our friends. 
 Right Hon^'^ 
 Lord Barrington. 
 
 P.S. Nov^ 19. 
 
 Since I have wrote the foregoing, I have seen M Pemberton 
 who tells m that he finds that his Convention with me, has 
 set other Persons upon treating about the disposal of his 
 Office : of which he gives this instance. Commodore Loring 
 (the Commanding Officer upon the Lakes) who lives near 
 M Pemberton, came to him some time ago, & told him that 
 he had received advice from London that he, M Pemberton, 
 wanted to dispose of his Office; & oflfered to treat with him 
 for it on behalf of his Son who is an Officer in the Army. 
 M' Pemberton declined the Treaty & avoided explanations 
 as well as he could. Some time after, M Loring came again, 
 & said that he was assured that M Pemberton had expressed 
 his desire to quit his Office, & pressed him to treat with him. 
 M Pemberton there Upon declared that what intention he 
 had professed was in favour of my Son, & no one else ; that 
 the Business was out of his hands & that he could treat with 
 no body else : Upon which M Loring dropt his Sollicitation. 
 
THE NAVAL OFFICE 91 
 
 This has alarmed M Pemberton, who is a cautious Man : 
 and he is apprehensive that his treaty with me will bring 
 upon him apphcations from others upon Terms prescribed to 
 him. But I endeavour to persuade him that if your Lord- 
 ship shall not prevail to have our Agreement carried into 
 execution, you will not want Power or will to prevent any 
 disadvantage being taken against him upon that account. 
 However he proposes to write to the Duke of Newcastle, who 
 has been a kind of Patron to him in regard to this Oflace, & 
 will inclose the letter unsealed in a cover to your Lordship. 
 And I would beg leave to intimate to your Lordship, that 
 if an Alteration in our Plan, such as an absolute Resignation 
 would procure Success, I doubt not but I could easily come 
 to terms with him : which I submit to your Lordships Con- 
 sideration. 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD ^ 
 
 Cavendish Square 16. Dec''- 1765. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 In a former Letter I acquainted you that I had spoken to 
 Mf Secretary Conway about your son's appointment : 
 no thing has been done in that matter, but I have better 
 hopes than I had formerly of my Success. 
 
 I most sincerely pitty North America, & every body in it ; 
 particularly those in most authority. I am confident one 
 Governor at least will do his duty. I am in very great haste 
 but as great truth D"^ Sir- 
 
 Your most faithful & 
 obedient Servant 
 My best Comp^ to my Barrington. 
 
 Cousins. 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. x (Correspondence), p. 328. 
 
92 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD ^ 
 
 Cavendish Square Feb : 6. 1766. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I received your Letters of the 15^.^ November yesterday. 
 The Packett goes out again the day after to morrow ; I am 
 engaged in a great deal of ofl&ce business, and the House of 
 Commons sitts on American affairs continually till two or 
 three in the morning. This does not hinder my acknowleg- 
 ing most cordially your remembrance of me ; but it prevents 
 my answering your Letters as I ought, or acquainting you 
 with the present state of affairs here. I hope your other 
 Correspondents are not so busy. 
 
 In my last Letter I acquainted you that M^ Secretary 
 Conway had given me hopes that the Naval office of your 
 Province would be confer'd jointly on M^ Pemberton and 
 your Son. Those expectations have been since confirm'd, & 
 I am not without an Idea that the thing may be actually 
 done before the Packet sails. Your Conduct which has 
 obtain'd the highest approbation and most publick and general 
 commendation,^ has done infinitely more than any friendly 
 efiforts of mine. Your Correspondence with the Ministry 
 laid before both Houses of Parliament is universally admired ; 
 I wish the Publication of it may not produce any incon- 
 veniences in America. 
 
 Mr Temple's representations against you have had no 
 effect, and I shall always be watchful for your Service, both 
 at the Treasury and the Council. 
 
 I have just had time to look over your most ingenious 
 Letter on the Subject of North America. I shall studdy it 
 
 ^ "Bernard Papers," vol. x (Correspondence), p. 332. 
 2 First written " approbation." 
 
REFORMATIONS 93 
 
 very closely my self, and will make the proper communications 
 of it. 
 
 I am with my best Comp? to M^.^ Bernard & all my Cousins, 
 Dear Sir 
 
 Your most faithful 
 
 & obedient Servant 
 
 Barrington 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON 1 
 
 Boston Nov : 23 1765 
 My Lord 
 
 It is not above a Year since I troubled your Lordship with 
 Copies of an Essay to delineate the Principles of Law & 
 Polity 2 applicable to the British Colonies in America. Among 
 these two principal Conclusions were, that the Regulation 
 & Reformation of the American Goverments was then be- 
 come a necessary Work ; and that the present was the most 
 proper time to undertake that Work. If I could have then 
 spoke out with that earnestness with which I thought upon 
 the Subject, I should have urged it as a Business which would 
 admit of no Delay; a Business to which all others ought to 
 have been postponed ; as it was itself a necessary Preparative 
 to allmost all others. But unfortunately (I speak it feehngly) 
 the Business of the Finances took the Lead : this was un- 
 doubtedly an Urgent & primary Concern of the Councils of 
 Great Britain ; but it did not follow that it ought to be im- 
 mediately extended to America. A little Consideration 
 
 ^ "Bernard Papers," vol. v (Letter Book), p. 47. This letter is printed in 
 Select Letters on the Trade and Government of America by Governor Bernard 
 (London, 1774), p. 29. Some portions of the printed letter are quite different 
 from the manuscript ; the important differences are here noted. 
 
 ^ See Select Letters, p. 71. 
 
94 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 would have made it at least doubtfull whether an inland 
 Taxation of the Americans was practicable or equitable at 
 that 1 Time. If I had had the Ques'tion put to me I think 
 I should have proved the Negative in both particulars.^ 
 
 It must have been supposed that such an Innovation as a 
 Parliamentary Taxation would cause a great Alarm & meet 
 with much Opposition in most parts of America; It was 
 quite new to the People, & had no visible Bounds set to it ; 
 The American's declared that they would not submit to it 
 before the Act passed ; & there was the greatest probability 
 that it would require the utmost ^ Power of Government to 
 carry it into Execution. Whereas at this Time the Govern- 
 ments were weak & impotent to a amazing Degree; The 
 Governors ^ & the ^ Officers of the Crown in several of the 
 cheif Provinces intirely dependent upon the People for Sub- 
 sistence ; The Popular Scale so much weigtier than the Royal, 
 that it requiied Address & management & frequent temporiz- 
 ing to preserve a tolerable ballance ; The Persons of the 
 Governors & Crown-Officers quite defenceless, & exposed to 
 the Violence of the People without any possible Resort for 
 Protection. Was this a Time to introduce so great a Novelty 
 
 as a Parliamentary inland Taxation into America ! ? 
 
 Nor was the Time less favourable ^ to the Equity of such a 
 Taxation. I do not mean to dispute the Reasonableness of 
 America contributing to the charges ^ of Great Britain when 
 she is ^ able : nor, I beleive would the Americans themselves 
 have disputed it at a proper Time & Season. But it should 
 be considered that the American Governments themselves 
 
 » The word is " this " in Select Letters. ^ * First written " Government." 
 2 First written "Instances." s Omitted in Select Letters. 
 
 ' First written "greatest." 6 Yhst written "mifavourable." 
 
 ^ First written "relieving the incumbrances," then changed to " the charges." 
 ' First written "was." 
 
REFORM A TIONS 9 5 
 
 have, in the prosecution of the late War, contracted very 
 large debts, which it will take some Years to pay off, & in 
 the mean Time occasion very burthensome Taxes for that 
 Purpose only. For instance, this Government, which is as 
 much before hand as any, raises every Year ^37,500 sterling 
 for sinking their Debt, & must continue it for 4 Years longer 
 at least before it will be clear. If therefore the par- 
 liamentary Taxation had been postponed for this Time, & 
 the interval employed in regulating & strengthening the 
 Governments, It probably might have been then introduced 
 without much Difhculty. Now it seems that both one & the 
 other are at ^ greater distance that ever. 
 
 It were much to be wished that America could be brought 
 to the State it was in, two Years ago; when there was a general 
 Disposition to submit to regulations & requisitions necessary 
 to the Reformation of the Governments & ascertaining their 
 relation to Great Britain. But that Time is past & not to 
 be retreived : since the Insurrections against the Stampt- 
 Act, The Americans have found the Governments so con- 
 temptibly weak & the People so superior to the ^ Royal Au- 
 thority, that they are not a Uttle elated upon their Triumphs 
 over the defenceless Officers of the Crown; & seem to be 
 resolved that their ^ Idea of their Relation to Great Britain, 
 however extravagant various & inconsistent shall be the 
 standard of it. So that it is ^ to be feared that it will cost 
 much time & Treasure ^ to bring America to that Degree of 
 Submission, which the Parhament will think necessary to 
 require of them. The Question will not be whether there 
 
 1 The words are "at a greater distance" in Select Letters. 
 
 2 Omitted in Select Letters. 
 
 ' Followed by "Relation,'' then crossed off. 
 
 * Followed by "much," then crossed off. 
 
 6 Followed by " (& perhaps some blood)," then crossed off. 
 
96 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 shall be a Stamp Act or not ; but whether America shall or 
 shall not be Subject to the Legislature of Great Britain. 
 
 It is my Opinion that all the Political Evils in America 
 arise from the Want of ascertaining the Relation between 
 Great Britain & the American Colonies. Hence it is that 
 Ideas of that Relation are formed in Britain & America, so 
 very repugnant & contradictory to each other.^ In Britain 
 the American Governments are considered as Corporations 
 empowered to make by-Laws, existing only during the 
 Pleasure of Parliament, who hath never yet done any thing 
 to confirm their Establishment, & hath at any Time a Power 
 to dissolve them. In America they claim (I mean in ^ publick 
 Papers,) to be perfect States,^ no otherwise dependent upon 
 Great Britain than by having the same King ; which having 
 compleat Legislatures within themselves, are no ways subject 
 to that of Great-Britain; which in such Instances as it has 
 heretofore exercised a legislative Power over them has usurped 
 it. In a Difference so very^ wide who shall determine ? The 
 Parliament of Great Britain? No, say the Americans (I 
 mean the violent & foolish^ of them) ; that would be to make 
 them Judges in their own Cause. Who then? the King? 
 He is bound by Charters &^ Consdtutions equal to Charters ; 
 & cannot decree^ against his own Grants. So at this Rate 
 there is no superior Tribunal to determine upon the Rights 
 & Priviledges of the American Colonies. 
 
 But the general Plea of the Americans against the Stamp 
 
 ' First written "one another." 
 
 2 The words are " in the publick" in Select Letters. 
 
 » First written "compleat Governments," then changed to "perfect States." 
 
 * Omitted in Select Letters. 
 
 ^ The words "& foolish" are omitted in Select Letters. 
 
 • The word is "or" in Select Letters. 
 
 ' The word is "declare" in Select Letters. 
 
REFORMATIONS 97 
 
 Act is that they are not represented in Parliament, & therefore 
 not Hable to be taxed by it. To which it has been answered in 
 England, that they are, virtually represented in Parhament. 
 Each of these Pleas tends to expose its own Cause: If the 
 Americans rest their Defence upon their not being represented, 
 It is in the Power of the Parhament by admitting representa- 
 tives from America to take away all Pretence of their not 
 being bound by its Acts ; On the other side, if the Notion of 
 the Americans being virtually represented should be falsified 
 in fact, the Plea of the Americans will remain in its full Force. 
 Whereas The Right of the Parhament of Great Britain to 
 make Laws for the American Colonies is founded upon its 
 being the Supreme Imperial Legislature, to which all Members 
 of the Empire, whether represented or not, are subject in all 
 Matters & Things & in Manner & Form as shall be judged 
 most convenient for the whole. 
 
 But tho the Parliament of Great Britain does not stand in 
 Need of a Real or Virtual Representation to ground its Au- 
 thority over the Colonies, it may now be worth Consideration 
 whether Admitting Representatives from the Colonies may 
 not be a Proper expedient for the present Exigencies. Two 
 Years ago a proposal of this Kind would not have bore an^ 
 hearing : But so much is America altered by the late financial 
 Acts, that a New System of Policy & of a more refined Kind 
 than was wanted heretofore, is now become needful. The 
 Patchwork Governemnt of America will last no longer: 
 The Necessity of a Parliamentary establishment of the 
 Government of America upon fixed Constitutional Principles 
 is brought on with a Precipitation which could not have been 
 foreseen but a Year ago ; & is become more urgent by the 
 very Incidents which make it more difficult. The Circum- 
 
 1 Printed "borne a" in Select Letters. 
 
98 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 Stance of the Americans justifying their Disobedience by 
 their not being represented^ points out a Method to inforce 
 their Obedience upon their own Principles. Take them at 
 their Word; let them send Representatives for the present 
 Time & for the present Purposes : 30 ^ for the Continent & 15 ^ 
 for the Islands would be sufficient. In this Parliament, the 
 Colonies being actually represented, Let the Affair of the 
 American Governments be canvassed to the Bottom; & let 
 a general uniform System of American Government be formed 
 & Established by Act of ParHament, by which the Americans 
 according to their own Principles will be bound ; and let the 
 Relation of America to Great Britain be determined & ascer- 
 tained by a Solemn Recognition; so that the Rights of the 
 American Governments & their Subordination to that of 
 Great Britain may no longer be a Subject of Doubt & Dispu- 
 tation. When this Great Wo k is done the American Repre- 
 sentatives may be dismissed & left to attend their own legisla- 
 tures, which will then know the Bounds of their own Authority.^ 
 Ireland^ affords an Example for the Usefulness of this Work 
 
 ' Followed by "in Parliament," then crossed off. 
 
 2 First written " 20." 3 pirgt written " 10." 
 
 * In Select Letters the words "or may be continued, as shall be found most 
 adviseable" are added after the word "Authority." 
 
 " The following paragraph in the Select Letters differs so much from the above, 
 that it is here given in full. 
 
 " Ireland affords an example of the usefulness of this work, and the manner 
 of doing it. It is owing to the wise administration of Ireland, when it was 
 first made a kingdom, that the form of government of that island, which is as 
 perfect for a dependent, as that of Great Britain for a supreme power, has 
 lasted now for two hundred and seventy years, without wanting the least amend- 
 ment of fundamentals. Haply America, in the formation of her government, 
 had not the same care taken of her, to regulate her policy, and prevent the 
 mischiefs which the uncertainty of the relative powers of civil government, 
 supreme and subordinate, is now bringing on like a torrent. The civil policy 
 of America is composed of temporary expedients, all derived from the Crown 
 only; not one of the American governments has that sanction which none of 
 
REFORMATIONS 99 
 
 & the Manner of doing it. It is owing to the wise Administra- 
 tion of S'' Edward Poynings in Henry the 7'^'^ Time, that the 
 Form of Government of that Island, which is as perfect for a 
 dependent, as that of Great Britain for a supreme Power, 
 has lasted now for 270 Years, without wanting the least 
 Amendment of Fundamentals. Haply America has not had 
 a Poynings to regulate her Policy & prevent the Mischeifs, 
 which the Uncertainty of the Relative Powers of civil Gover- 
 ment, imperial & subordinate, is now bringing on like Torrent. 
 The Civil Policy of America is composed of temporary Ex- 
 pedients all derived from the Crown only; not one of the 
 American Governments has that Sanction which none of them 
 ought to be without, a parliamentary Establishment. And 
 imtill the parliament shall establish the American Govern- 
 ments upon a constitutional bottom, & ascertain the Limita- 
 tion's & extension's of their Legislatures, It must be expected 
 that the Governments will be continually subject to disturb- 
 ance, whenever the Americans think fit to complain of 
 innovations upon & infringements of their Rights; that is 
 whenever any thing is required of them which they don't like. 
 Ireland also affords Instances of every Kind of Regulation 
 which America wants ; which may be brought under these 
 Heads, i . The Governments (especially in the Old & settled ^ 
 Countries) should be composed of such ample Districts, as 
 will enable the People to keep up the State of Government 
 without feeling the Burthen of it. 2 : There should be one 
 
 them ought to be without, a parliamentary establishment. And, until the 
 Parliament shall establish the American governments upon a constitutional 
 bottom, and ascertain the limitations and extensions of their legislatures, it 
 must be expected that the governments will be continually subject to dis- 
 turbance, whenever the Americans think fit to complain of innovations upon, 
 and infringements of, their rights; that is, whenever any thing is required 
 of them which they don't like." 
 
 1 Followed by "Funds," then crossed off. 
 
lOO BAREINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 Form of Government as like as possible to that of Great 
 Britain, that is the same as Ireland, with a true Middle Legisla- 
 tive Power, appointed by the King for Life & separate from 
 the privy Council. 3. There should be a certain & sufficient 
 civil List laid upon perpetual Funds for the Support of all 
 his Majestys Officers, so that they may not be too much 
 dependent upon the People. 4. The Several American Govern- 
 ments should Maintain such standing Forces as shall be 
 thought necessary to be kept up in America as their quota of 
 the general Armament of the Empire, by raising the Sums 
 requisite therefor & paying the same into the Kings Treasury ^ 
 in America; the Numbers of Men,^ & proportions of the 
 several Governments to be settled by the Parliament of Great 
 Britain. 5. There should be a solemn Recognition of the 
 Supremacy of the Parliament of Great Britain over the Ameri- 
 can Governments, which should be the first Act of each 
 Legislature aiter its new Estabhshment & be The condition 
 of its Activity. 6.^ There should be a general Rivisal of the 
 Laws of America, that they may be reduced as near as possible 
 to the Standard of England & the Administration of Govern- 
 ment & Law may be render'd as similar thereto as well may be.* 
 You see here, my Lord, a Scheme for settling America; 
 which, I doubt not, will appear to be very extravagant. It 
 may be ^ so ; but such also is the State of the Country ; ex- 
 
 ^ First written "Treasuries." 
 
 2 Followed by "Sums of Money," then crossed off. 
 
 ^This sentence was first written "There should be also (which should may 
 be included in the same Act) a Bill of the Rights of the People, which should be 
 declared to be the same with those of the People of England, the Dependency 
 xcepted," then crossed off. 
 
 <This was added, then crossed off: — "8. In all omitted and doubtfuU 
 Cases The English Constitution should be the Guide ; or, if it should be thought 
 necessary, the Parliament should determine it." 
 
 "First written "is so." 
 
REFORMATIONS loi 
 
 traordinary Disorders require extraordinary Means of Cure. 
 It seems to me that the Government of Great Britain never 
 had, in my Time, a more difficult Business, than what the 
 Americans have now put into their Hands. If therefore any 
 Scheme can be proposed, which by constitutional Means will 
 probably compose the present Disorder's & prevent the like 
 for the future, it is worth attending to. For this Purpose 
 I have put these Thoughts into writing, in a hasty Manner ; 
 for at present I can write no otherwise : and I ^ communicate 
 them to your Lordship ; that if you should think they deserve 
 a deliberate Consideration you may procure it for them. 
 I shall think myself very happy, if I can contribute to the 
 restoring the Peace of America & establishing the Governments 
 of it upon a Constitutional & permanent Basis, according to 
 the foregoing or any other System. The Opportunities I 
 have had of observing the Pohcy & Manners of many of the 
 Governments of North America have afforded me a Knowl- 
 edge which might be made useful, if I could freely communicate 
 it; which cannot be done without my personal Attendance. 
 I say this upon ^ presumption that some effectual ^ Alteration ^ 
 of the Government of America ^ is like to be brought on the 
 carpet : but if nothing is ^ to be done but making Peace with 
 the Americans, & letting them go on in their own Way & 
 according to their own Notions, No great Consideration will 
 be necessary.^ 
 , I have extended this letter so far that I have not room to say 
 
 ^Followed by "have thought proper to," then crossed ofif. 
 
 2 In Select Letters "upon a presumption." 
 
 ^ First written "great." 
 
 * The word is "regulation" in Select Letters. 
 
 ^ First followed by "will soon take place," then crossed ofiE. 
 
 ^ First written "will be." 
 
 ' The printed text ends here in Select Letters. 
 
I02 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 much ^ of myself : but IVf Pownall can inform your Lordship 
 in that respect as well as^ I can.^ For near 3 months I 
 have been under great difficulties & not without danger : 
 Once' my house was invested (the same night the Lieut Gov- 
 ernors house was distroyed) but preserved by the remonstrances 
 of the Neighbours, ourselves being at the Castle ; twice have 
 I^ sent away any papers plate &c; once I expected to be 
 obliged to quit the Province for several days together ; but 
 the peremptoriness of my instructions made^ me desrious of 
 trying evry experiment first, & I got over that difi&culty. 
 Even Now I am in continual expectation of fresh dis- 
 turbances arising, of which I may^ partake more or less. 
 But I have done my duty tho' it has been a Severe one at 
 this time : I have waged a most unequal War, & can hardly ' 
 now procure the liberty of remaining Neutral without pretend- 
 ing to exercise any real Authority. I send your Lordships 
 copies of the'^ principle papers which have passed between me 
 & the house of representatives, from which you will see that 
 All my Crime is vindicating the right of parliament to make 
 laws for y^ American Colonies : a conduct unavoidable by me 
 whatever were the Consequences. 
 
 I am &c 
 The Right Honble 
 The Lord Vise' Barrington. 
 
 ' First written "any thing." 
 
 2 First written "more minutely than," then changed to "as well as." 
 ' First followed by "myself. At present I can only say that," then crossed 
 off. 
 
 * First written " We." b pirgt written "got." ; 
 
 « First written "shall." 7 Yir%i written "not." 
 
 8 Followed by "grand altercation" then changed to "principle papers which 
 have passed." 
 
DIFFICULTIES 103 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON^ 
 
 Boston Jan: 11 1766 
 My Lord 
 
 I am desired to certify to your Lordship, that at the begin- 
 ning of the Year 1 764 Gen| Gage at my Request, gave Leave 
 to Ensign Francis Miller of the 45 regiment, then stationed 
 in Newfoundland to come to Boston to assist me in some 
 Works of Public Surveying, which I had undertaken in pursu- 
 ance of resolutions of the general Assembly & partly by Orders 
 from England. M"" Miller being then at an outpost & not 
 easily releived did not arrive at Boston till Nov^ in that 
 Year, when the Seazon for actual Surveying was over. He 
 was employed that Winter & Spring following in protracting 
 the Surveys made that Summer, among which was a compleat 
 Rout from Fort Pownal on the River penobscot to Quebec, & 
 some other curious explorations of the Eastern parts of New 
 England hitherto unknown to EngHshmen : of which, elegant 
 Maps drawn by M"" Miller have been transmitted to the 
 Board of Trade. Early in the Last Summer I employed M' 
 Miller (having previously informed Gen! Gage of the Inten- 
 tion) to make an actual Survey from Boston to Albany & 
 back again by another Way being near 200 Miles; & after- 
 wards from Boston to penobscot being above 200 Miles; 
 by which Means a true Geometrical Line of 400 Miles in 
 length through part of new York & all the habitable part of 
 New-England has been obtained, which will afiford great 
 Assistance to the Ascertaining the Geography of this Country & ' 
 its Sea Coast. After this Survey was finished he was employed 
 in protracting the Same & making Drawings thereof which 
 he has done with great Accuracy & Elegance. 
 
 ^"Bernard Papers," vol. v (Letter Book), p. 72. 
 
104 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 Whilst he was engaged in this Business, He received 
 orders to follow his Regiment to Ireland : upon which he 
 wrote to his Colonel! acquainting him with the Employment 
 he was in & by whose Leave & Order he was engaged in it ; 
 & that, as soon as he had finisht, he should join his regiment. 
 He is now embarking for England for that purpose : and, 
 least the Occassion of his Absence should be misunderstood, 
 he has desired that I would acquaint your Lordship of the 
 forementioned particulars. This I do in Justice to him ; & 
 can add that he is very deserving, not only on Account of the 
 Works aforesaid, but as a faithfu Officer in general, he having 
 been in the Service of this Province in their provincial Troops 
 
 during the whole Late War ; at the End of which he procured 
 
 his present Commission 
 
 I am, &c 
 
 The Right Hon^'f the 
 
 Lord Viscouiit Barrington 
 
 Secretary of War. 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD' 
 
 Cavendish Square 25. March 1766. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 At last the Commission constituting my Cousin your son 
 and M^ Pemberton joint naval officers has past the Secre- 
 rary's office, and M^ Jackson has undertaken to take it out. 
 I cannot assume to my self any merit in this success : General 
 Conway is my very good friend, but not more so than his 
 Predecessor's, who none of them did what I desired ; and the 
 present Secretary of State demur'd for several months after 
 my application. You are obHged for your Success to your 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. .x (Correspondence), p. 344. 
 
THE NAVAL OFFICE 105 
 
 abilities and merit, universally acknowleged by all who 
 know anything of what has past in your part of the World. 
 I hope it is only a begining of future rewards more adequate 
 to your Services. I am with my best CompKments to M"? 
 Bernard and all my Cousins, as likewise with the most perfect 
 Esteem and and regard 
 
 Dear Sir 
 
 Your Excellency's 
 Most faithful & 
 
 Most obedient Servant 
 Barrington. 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD ^ 
 
 Cavendish Square 26*^ March 1766. 
 Dear Sir 
 
 I receiv'd your Letter dated the ii'^ of January, in favour 
 
 of Ensign Francis Miller whom I immediately recommended 
 
 to his Colonel Major General Boscawen, from whom I have 
 
 receiv'd a Note herewith enclos'd. I hope there has been no 
 
 mistake in the disposal of this Officer's Commission but 
 
 I know nothing of the transaction, the Regiment being on the 
 
 Irish Establishment. I am with great truth & regard 
 
 Dear Sir 
 
 Your Excellencys 
 
 Most faithful & 
 
 Most Obedient 
 
 hiunble Servant 
 
 Barrington 
 
 * " Bernard Papers," vol. x (Correspondence), p. 352. 
 
io6 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD HARRINGTON^ 
 
 Boston, Mar 27. 1766. 
 
 My Lord, 
 
 I am favoured with your Lordships letter of Dec' 16; 
 for which I beg leave to return my thanks. My situation 
 here has been very disagreeable, not to say dangerous, for 
 above this half Year : & I wonder to find myself here at this 
 time. Altho' I have allways preserved the firmness of my 
 mind, yet It has occasioned some distraction in my Councils ; 
 as I have foreseen & still do foresee infinite difficulties in 
 bringing North America, & especially this Government, into 
 good order again. In this Province, the late Fermentation has 
 stirred up all the ill humours, which had been before kept 
 under, & set them above all Government & order. 
 
 This has been the occasion of my troubling your Lordship 
 with a tedious Letter on the Subject of North America; 
 which I should have had much reason ^ to have apologised for, 
 If the Importance of the Subject & your Lordships pubHc 
 Station should not excuse it. It has now obliged me to write 
 a long Letter to the Secretary of State, to show the Necessity 
 of myself or the L* Gov being ordered home to make a report 
 of the present State of this Province. I have accompanied 
 this with a Letter to M Pownall, who gives me frequent 
 proofs of his friendship, to desire that He would consult my 
 friends about the Advisableness of my coming home, con- 
 cerning which there are in my mind many doubts & difficulties, 
 tho' upon the whole I think it best for me to go home. Upon 
 this occasion I cannot excuse myself informing your Lordship 
 of this Busmess in the first instance, which I shall do by 
 
 » "Bernard Papers," vol. v (Letter Book), p. 96. 
 * First written "occasion." 
 
THE NAVAL OFFICE 107 
 
 inclosing Copies of the forementioned Letters. The L*^ 
 Gov' is acquainted with these Letters, & is quite indifferant 
 about the Decision ; as I shall also be with the determination 
 of my friends, if your Lordship will be so good as to consider 
 Yourself, as I must ever do, the chief of them, whatever your 
 Lordship shall think most proper, I suppose, must be easily 
 affected. 
 
 Since I have begun this Letter M Pemberton has been with 
 me & showed a Letter he has wrote to your Lordship & another 
 to the Duke of Newcastle concerning his Office & our Agre- 
 ment. I should have been glad to have saved your Lordship 
 this trouble at a time when I am giving your Lordship much 
 more upon another Subject. But M'' Pemberton has acted so 
 honorably with me, that I know not how to restrain him in 
 taking such precautions as he shall think necessary to his own 
 Security. Besides these Letters will give Your Lordship 
 little more trouble than the reading, unless your Lordship shall 
 think proper to make use of them with the Duke of New- 
 castle. 
 
 I am, &c 
 The R^ Honble 
 
 The L*^ V^ Barrington. 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD ^ 
 
 Cavendish Square June 8. 1766. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I have received your Letter of the if"^ March, with one 
 
 inclosed therewith for the Duke of Newcastle from M' 
 
 Pemberton : I have not dehver'd it to his Grace, because a 
 
 joint grant to him and your Son past some time ago, (as I have 
 
 already inform'd you; ) and in the manner desired by all 
 
 * "Bernard Papers," vol. xi (Correspondence), p. 13. 
 
io8 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 Parties. I again congratulate you on the final conclusion of 
 that business. 
 
 I have consulted with MF Jackson and M^ Pownall on 
 the subject of your return : The former seems not to expect 
 much advantage either to you or the Publick from coming 
 hither: The latter apprehends you in some danger where 
 you are, and therefore wishes you at a distance from Boston. 
 If that be the case, every friend you have must be of the 
 same opinion; but if you can remain in your Government 
 with tollerable quiet and safety, I cannot advise you to 
 leave it till some other better provision is made for you ; a 
 thing to which your Services universally known give you an 
 indisputable Claim : We do not however live in times when 
 such Claims are much regarded. I see no disposition, or 
 indeed as things are constituted ability to settle any thing 
 permanently, either at home or abroad; and therefore an 
 expensive inconvenient Journey would only produce vexation 
 and disappointment. I may be mistaken in the opinion I 
 now give ; but I am sure it is disinterested ; for I wish very 
 much to see you after so long an absence. 
 
 The Parliament is just broke up without any considerable 
 changes : We have got the Duke of Richmond for the Duke 
 of Grafton, and liis Grace has the Southern department; 
 but it was agreed that America should be given to the board 
 of Trade or a third Secretary of State: However this is 
 not done, or at present much talk'd of. 
 
 I beg you will present my affectionate CompHments to all my 
 Cousins, and believe me to be with the most perfect Esteem 
 
 Dear Sir 
 
 Your Excellency's 
 Most faithful 
 and most obedient Servant 
 Barrington. 
 
POLITICS 109 
 
 LORD HARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD 1 
 
 Cavendish Square July 12. 1766. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 Since I wrote to you last, rather advising against your 
 coming here, an Event has happen'd which may possibly 
 induce me to alter my opinion : if it does you shall hear from 
 me again by next Packett. The King has sent for Mr Pitt 
 who arrived in Town yesterday, and a new arrangement of 
 administration is expected. God grant it may be solid, exten- 
 sive and permanent, with wisdom and decision. If I see a 
 disposition in any new Establishment of this kind to go 
 properly to work with the Colonies, you may be very useful 
 here. I am with great truth and Esteem Dear Sir 
 
 Your Excellency's 
 most faithful & 
 
 Obedient humble Servant 
 Barrington. 
 My best Comp! attend 
 all my Cousins. 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON* 
 
 Boston July s*"" 1766 
 My Lord 
 
 I am honoured with your Lordships Letter of Mar : 25 
 acquainting me with the Favour of Secretary Conway con- 
 ferred on me thro your Lordships Mediation. I am very glad 
 that any Services of mine have gained me so much Credit as 
 to shew me not wholly unworthy of your Friendship. I 
 can assure your Lordship that my Desire of not discrediting 
 
 ^ "Bernard Papers," vol. xi (Correspondence), p. 25. 
 "^ Ibid., vol. V (Letter Book), p. 138. 
 
no BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 your Lordships Recommendation has always had a consider- 
 able, Influence over my Public Conduct. And your Lordships 
 Approbation of it alone is to me a very pleasing Reward. 
 I have not yet received the Sign Manual, as soon as I do I 
 shall think it proper to pay my Compliments to Secretary 
 Conway. At present I must desire your Lordship to accept 
 mine & AP Bernards hearty Thanks for this great Addition 
 to your Lordship's former good Offices to me & our Family ; 
 which we hope will never be forgot by any Branch of it. 
 
 I am obliged still to maintain a political Warfare with the 
 Popular party : The Kindness of the King & parhament has 
 not had the Effect in this place which it ought to have. I 
 have just got thro' a very troublesome Session in which the 
 House of Representatives with great Imprudence as well as 
 Ingratitude have treated the Kings Authority with fresh 
 Indignity : I have not been wanting in shewing a proper Resent- 
 ment of it. I am now preparing exact Accounts of these 
 Transactions for the Secretary of State and the board of 
 Trade; & flatter myself that the Spirit I have shewn upon 
 this occasion will meet with Approbation. It was lucky for 
 me that my Conduct was at that Time set in an high Light 
 as a friend to this Country by many Letters from London 
 which were printed in the papers here. This served not only 
 to strengthen my Resolution, but has contributed to make 
 my Conduct on this Occasion most generally applauded. 
 
 I am in great hopes that I shall soon receive Orders or 
 Leave to come to England Such a movement would be very 
 timely on many Accounts ; And I am sure that I could be of 
 more Service to his Majesty at the present Time, at London 
 than at Boston. 
 
 I am &c 
 The Right Hon''!'' 
 
 the Lord Vise* Barrington 
 
CHARLES PAXTON ill 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON^ 
 
 Boston July 25 1766 
 My Lord 
 
 I beg Leave to introduce to your Lordship M"^ Paxton a 
 Gentleman of Boston who has been in the Service of the 
 Crown in the Custom House the best part of his Life with the 
 highest Fidelity & Reputation. His Intimacy with me & 
 knowledge of my Conduct and the Cheif Motives of it will 
 enable him to satisfy your Lordship in all Matters of Enquiry 
 which you shall want to make concerning me. And his per- 
 fect Knowledge of the Business of the Custom house will 
 make him a fit person to be referred to in Regard to any 
 Complaint that has been or shall be made against me. And 
 your Lordship will generally find him very intelligent in the 
 Affairs of this Country 
 
 I am &c 
 Lord Barrington 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD 2 
 
 Cavendish Square Sep^ii*?* 1766. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I am to acknowlege two Letters from you, one dated the 
 si!* and the other the 25. of July. The last was brought to 
 me by M^ Paxton, with whom I have conversed on your 
 Subject. He is very much your friend, and if I see occasion 
 to trouble him farther, he has allow'd me to do it. I am very 
 sorry to hear by him that my Cousin has been indisposed; 
 but he assures me she is much better. I find that your old 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. v (Letter Book), p. 140. 
 ^ Ibid., vol. xi (Correspondence), p. 31. 
 
112 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 friend M'^ Temple has sent home some Complaints against 
 you ; but I am persuaded the Treasury will not judge from a 
 partial reason. 
 
 Your Letter of the $^^ of July mentions those unhappy 
 differences between your Excellency & the Assembly of which 
 I had indeed heard before. That Circumstance may incline 
 you more than before to return hither for some time : I hope 
 whenever you come, that you will be hear'd patiently and 
 your opinion have the greatest weight. Nobody will embrace 
 you with more satisfaction than my self. 
 
 Since my Last Lord Hillsborough has return'd to the Board 
 of Trade. I trust that we have a deciding Ministry, (all 
 the world agrees that it has ability.) and that it will be perma- 
 nent: I hate changes, and I am always with great truth & 
 Esteem Dear Sir 
 
 Your most faithful 
 
 humble Servant 
 
 Barrington. 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON ^ 
 
 Boston, Sept' i, 1766. 
 My Lord, 
 
 I am much obliged to your Lordship for your kind letter of 
 June 8 ; wherein you observe the different Opinions of two of 
 my friends on the Subject of my return. M Jackson expects 
 no Advantage from thence, either to the public, or myself; 
 M Pownall apprehends me to be in danger where I am: I 
 fear they are both in the Right. From all Accounts we 
 learn that the Councils of Great Britain are in such a State 
 of Instability, that the Measures necessary to the Support of 
 » "Bernard Papers," vol. v (Letter Book), p. 144. 
 
DANGERS AT BOSTON 113 
 
 the Sovreignty of Great Britain over America, cannot at 
 present be pursued ; & the misfortune is, that from the same 
 Cause, they are becoming evry day more & more necessary. 
 The Americans see the Weakness of Great Britain, arising 
 from their internal Divisions ; & from thence they are encour- 
 aged to form pretensions, which they would not have dared 
 to have hinted at, if they did not depend upon the Disunion 
 of the Sovreign State. In such a Case, I can be of no Service 
 to the publick, let my Informations be ever so Authentick, 
 or my Advice ever so salutary. But then the Consequence is, 
 that it is high time for evry Crown Officer in America, who 
 has distinguished himself by his fidelity to the King, to get 
 away before his retreat is cut off. If the Administration of 
 Great Britain is not able to take necessary Measures to support 
 its Authority over the Colonies, it cannot be expected that 
 they should be able to protect the King's Officers against 
 the popular power of the Colonists ; which must be evry day 
 encreasing at the Expence of Great Britain. 
 
 M Pownall has long ago expressed great Concern at the 
 danger I am in at this Place, and with Reason ; for many 
 People here have wondered at my having hitherto escaped : 
 perhaps my firmness has contributed to it ; but that won't do 
 at all times. I think the Trial is still to come, especially as 
 I have of late found myself obUged to strike some bold Strokes 
 on the behalf of the ICing ; which, tho' they have been gener- 
 ally approved of, will excite some of the Wickedest people 
 who are hurt by them, to do me some singular Mischief. 
 I advertised M Pownall of the Necessity of this Conduct of 
 mine, some time before it took place ; & from thence argued 
 for the Propriety of my being ordered home at the present. 
 The Crisis which I apprehended most danger from, is the 
 Introduction of King's Troops into this Town ; which having 
 
114 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 become necessary to the Support of the Government, will be 
 placed to the Account of the Governor : altho' I^ know nothing 
 of the Designations for that purpose, & it seems intended 
 that I shall not. The Faction at Boston have declared that 
 they will not suffer Troops to come in this Town ; & if they 
 come cross the Country, (as has been reported) that they will 
 never reach this Town. Now, tho' I dont think that they 
 will dare to oppose the King's Troops in form, yet they are 
 like enough to resort to the Cowardly Expedient of avenging 
 themselves on the King's Servants, defenceless as they will be, 
 before they will have the protection of the Troops. And 
 after the Troops arrive, I shall have a difficult part to act : 
 if I seem to depend upon their protection, I shall be charged 
 with pusillanimity; If I totally disregard it, perhaps my 
 Confidence in my own Innocence ^ & the Security, which ought 
 to arise from hence, may be turned to my Ruin. And yet 
 it is strange ' to say that I am charged here with no other 
 offence against the People, than the high Sense I have of the 
 
 Sovreignty of Great Britain, & my duty to support it . 
 
 I therefore wish that I may receive a discretionary power to 
 go to England, if it becomes necessary ; that at least I may 
 not be obliged to stay here, when it is no longer safe for me. 
 I shall be very unwilling to take an expensive Voyage to no 
 purpose ; it would make too great a hole in my fortune : but 
 possibly I may have no Choice, or the Alternative may be 
 much worse. 
 
 I have been very loath to turn my Eyes from this Province ; 
 it is rather too late in Life for me to form new Schemes; 
 & therefore it was my Intention rather to endeavour to get 
 this Government improved (as it ought to be at all Events) 
 
 » Followed by "have," then crossed off. 
 
 * First written " Ruin." s Yhst written " hard." 
 
DESIRES TO LEAVE BOSTON 115 
 
 than look out for a better: But this Purpose, in the manner 
 I intended it, is defeated by the late Troubles ; and no Improve- 
 ment can be made in this Government but with the high hand 
 of ParKament : So that It will be a} vain attempt to get my 
 Salary augmented with the good will of the present Rulers 
 of the People. And now it seems to me that there must be, 
 sooner or later, effectual Measures taken for reforming this 
 Government, which will be unpleasing to the People in their 
 Present Plenitude of Power. In such Case the Old Gov"" will 
 be made obnoxious, whether he is or is not ^ advising or privy 
 to such Measures : & it may be advisable upon that Acco*^ 
 only, to appoint a new Govr This Consideration has induced 
 me to think of looking out for another Establishment : & I 
 have been the more encouraged in it, by the many Letters 
 rec'* here, advising that it was intended to remove me to a 
 better Government; one of which, from a Gent" who has 
 admission to some great People, expressly named Jamaica. 
 There are now vacant 4 Governm'^% Jamaica, Leward Islands, 
 Barbadoes, & Nova Scotia. The two former I should decline 
 upon account of the Climate ; which I apprehend would not suit 
 mysaguine Complexion : & the State of my Family obliges me to 
 have some regard to my Health. Barbadoes I should most 
 thankfully accept. Nova Scotia at another time, I should con- 
 sider as a banishment : but even that would be more acceptable, 
 (especially if I could have it upon Terms more advantageous ^ 
 than the present) than to be left here to fight the King's 
 Battles, without protection, support, or maintenance. It is 
 said that Lord Cha^ Greville is to be removed to Jamaica : 
 South Carohna, which I should decline, if I had a prospect 
 of being quieted here with an adequate Salary, would be more 
 
 ^ Followed by "high," then crossed off. 
 
 2 Followed by "obnoxious," then crossed off. * First written "acceptable." 
 
ii6 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 agreable, than to be left here in my present Situation. You 
 see, My Lord, What a distraction of wants & wishes I am 
 reduced to : & I would fly away from it, in hopes of negotiating 
 for myself to some purpose, if I had any prospect of Success. 
 
 I have made this Letter longer than I intended, for which 
 I must depend upon your Lordships usual Indulgence. I wish 
 your Lordship would give M Pownall an Opportunity of 
 perusing this Letter, & afterwards talk with him upon the 
 Subject : in this Expectation, I shall say the less to him upon 
 it. I expect to hear from M"" Jackson by the first Ships from 
 London, &_then perhaps shall learn what is intended to be 
 done with me : at present your Lordships Letter is the only 
 one I have rec** upon the Subject. 
 
 M" Bernard joins with me in respectful Compliments to 
 your Lordship. 
 
 I am, with the Greatest regard 
 &c, &c, &c. 
 Lord Vise' Barrington. 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRING TON ^ 
 
 Boston Sep: 14 1766 
 My Lord 
 
 I wrote to your Lordship the first of this Month by a Ship 
 which sail'd from hence last Monday : this was in Answer to 
 your Lordships of June 8 ; & will serve to show my Distraction 
 of Mind concerning what is best to be done with me or for 
 me. Since that I have received sev'ral Letters from M' 
 Jackson from whence, with the Help of some reflexion of my 
 own, I have quite reconciled myself to my continuing here 
 untill the Affairs of America are more ripe : & I have per- 
 
 > "Bernard Papers," vol. v (Letter Book), p. 155. 
 
POLITICS 117 
 
 suaded myself that I shall be able to stay here with a very 
 probable prospect of Safety. / Whilst I am perparing to 
 write to your Lordship to this purpose, I received your Lord- 
 ships letter of July 12, which has again put me into a State 
 of uncertainty of the pleasing Kind. It is a Pity that there 
 should be any Interval between the Indulgence of America 
 & the Reformation of it : because in such Case, The Former 
 instead of being subservient to the latter will impede it. It 
 is therefore much to be wished by ev'ry one, who has the 
 prosperity of the British Empire at Heart, that such a Min- 
 istry may be formed, who may have power as well as Judge- 
 ment to reunite the different Members to its Sovereign Head 
 upon true principles of Constitutional Policy, without which 
 all Temporary Expedients must fail. 
 
 And I perfectly agree with you Lordship that untill such 
 a ministry so disposed is formed it will be to no purpose for 
 me to come to England : unless I shall be called with an In- 
 tention of preferment. And I shall entirely acquiesce in 
 waiting 'till your Lordship sees the proper Time, & shall give 
 a Direction to the Opportunity which shall offer for its Im- 
 provement 
 
 I am &c 
 
 The right hon'ble 
 
 the L*? Visc^ Barrington 
 
ii8 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON^ 
 
 Boston Oct. 15 1766 
 My Lord 
 
 I beg Leave to introduce to your Lordship Chambers 
 Russel Esq' Judge of the Court of Admiralty & one of the 
 Judges of the Superior Court of this Province. He goes to 
 London to endeavour to procure an Appointment of a Salary 
 to his Office having for 20 Years past served his Majesty, too 
 much at his own Expence ; tho with great Fidelity & Reputa- 
 tion. His having been a Member of the Council for many 
 Years & for these 3 or 4 last Years, by his own preference, 
 a Member of the House of Representatives, & in every Sta- 
 tion a faithful Supporter of the Rights of the Crown, He is 
 extremely well qualified to represent the True State of this 
 Province both as to its Government & its Governor, as he is well 
 acquainted wuh the Merits & Demerits of them both : and 
 it is for that purpose as well as to put him in the Way of your 
 Lordships Notice that I take the Liberty to recommend him. 
 The Honor or Favour which Your Lordship will be pleased 
 to shew him will be conferred on a very deserving Man 
 
 I am &c 
 The Right Honble 
 The Lord Visc^ Barrington 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. v (Letter Book), p. 164. 
 
POLITICS 119 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD 1 
 
 Cavendish Square Ded 13. 1766. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I fear I have not acknowleged either of your Letters dated 
 in April : ^ The first of them expresses an earnest wish to 
 leave Boston, the second a willingness to remain there. As 
 there is no inconstancy in your mind, I conclude this change 
 arises from your finding before the middle of the month that 
 no Troops were coming into your Province; a circumstance 
 which you apprehended a fortnight before, & which you 
 thought would lay you under great difl&culty. Be assured that 
 your wishes will be always accompany 'd by mine. 
 
 I have never had any intimation from General Gage that he 
 intended to send Troops into New England. He knows my 
 opinion, which is that they should not be quarter'd in the old 
 Colonies which have been long settled and inhabited, unless 
 call'd for by the Civil Magistrate or Government of the 
 Province, as necessary to preserve the publick peace. I open 
 my self very freely to you, and know that I may safely 
 trust your discretion. 
 
 We have lately had some considerable changes here : I 
 need not mention names or ofiices, as the pubHck papers will 
 give you full information of those Particulars. It seems to 
 me on the whole that there was both passion and faction in 
 the resignations. The Minister (who declares himself the 
 strenuous opposer of faction) would willingly have brought 
 in several of the Duke of Bedfords friends as individuals; 
 but they wanted to come in as a Body, which was not per- 
 mitted. The vacant offices have been given partly to old 
 
 ' " Bernard Papers," vol. xi (Correspondence), p. 53. 
 
 * There is no letter of this month in the "Bernard Papers." 
 
120 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 Servants of the Crown displaced by different administrations, 
 & partly to Men who would take Employment by themselves. 
 I think on the whole that the arangement has been well 
 made ; & I have a very good opinion of the stabiHty & strength 
 of Government : I hope it will soon turn its consideration to 
 the Western as well as the Eastern part of the Globe. Lord 
 Hillsborough has left the Board of Trade where he was not 
 situated to his Satisfaction, & is intended for high & im.portant 
 emplo>'ments when vacant, but at present he is one of the Post 
 masters General. M^ Nujent (created Lord Clare in Ireland) 
 is at the head of the Board of Trade. 
 
 I beg you will assure all my Cousins of my affectionate 
 regard, and that you will believe me to be Dear Sir 
 Your Excellency's 
 
 most faithful & most obed Servant 
 
 Bakrington 
 Turn over 
 
 P.S. 
 
 A few days ago I reced a Letter of introduction which 
 you had given to a Gentleman who dyed at his landing at 
 Portsmouth. From the Character you give of him I much 
 regret him & think him a great loss at this Juncture. 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD ^ 
 
 Cavendish Square Feb. 13. 1767. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I take the opportunity of to morrow's packett to acquaint 
 
 you that no great alteration has lately happen'd here in pubhck 
 
 affairs. Lord Chatham's gout at Bath has postponed many 
 
 weighty considerations and among others the affairs of America 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. xi (Correspondence), p. 65. 
 
DESIRES TO RETURN 1 21 
 
 which I fear grow more difficult every day and certainly will 
 not become easy by procrastination. 
 
 Let this short note assure you, M'.' Bernard & all my Cousins, 
 that I am anxious at all times for your happyness & wellfare, 
 being with the greatest truth Dear Sir 
 
 Your most faithful 
 
 & most obedient Servant 
 Barrington. 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON ^ 
 
 Boston Jan 20 1767 
 My Lord 
 
 I continue to learn that your Lordships Opinion is full 
 against my coming to England at this Time. I am therefore 
 absolutely satisfied with this Determination altho' this place 
 continues to be made as disagreeable to me as it can well be 
 without Apphrension of Violence. I call to my Aid what 
 philosophy I am Master of, which is partly native & partly 
 acquired & does me great Service. I am also much releived 
 by the frequent professions of Regard which I receive from 
 the most respectable persons in the province, some of whom 
 are fellow sufferers. And I contrive to contrast my Labours 
 with amusements of different Kinds of which I have a con- 
 siderable Fund within myself. So that upon the whole I 
 I go on pretty well, & have not, I hope, lost an Ounce of flesh 
 in all my Troubles. 
 
 But, my Lord, I cant help thinking now & then what is 
 to be the End of all these Things both as to the public & my- 
 self. It is evident to me that Great Britain must interpose 
 with the Governments of America some Time or other. But 
 ^ "Bernard Papers," vol. vi (Letter Book), p. 9. 
 
122 BARRJNGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 it is fitting that the Ministry should see this at their own Time 
 & prosecute it in their own Manner. Whilst Things are 
 in Suspence I am willing to act in such a Manner as shall be 
 most agreeable to my Superiors ; let it only be pointed out 
 to me. But it should not be expected y* I can keep up 
 government, without Authority, or regulate a people elevated 
 by Success & made impracticable by inadmissible preten- 
 sions, without Support or Maintenance, When I have said 
 that this Government is not like to recover itself by any powers 
 of its own, I have spoke, not my Own Opinion, but the Senti- 
 ments of the ablest and wisest Men in the province. For 
 my part let my Conduct be brought to the severest Test, and 
 it will appear that the present Difficulties do not arise from 
 me ; for which a Review of my Administration for the four 
 first Years will afford an irrefragable Argument. 
 
 For this purpose, being cut off from the Hopes of repre- 
 senting these Matters in person, I have found myself obHged 
 to endeavour to do it in a Series of Letters to the Secretary 
 of State. This will be a disagreeable & tedious Work : but, 
 as far as I can Judge, it is unavoidable. My Letters on this 
 Subject are & will be very lengthy ; and yet I know not how 
 to contract them. I am sensible that long Writings are 
 Hable to be not well attended to : but the Subject is so im- 
 portant, that I cant venture to omit what is like to fling Light 
 upon it. & so I must leave myself & my Writings to the Can- 
 dour of the Minister. 
 
 Another Step which I have taken is to make a Formal 
 Representation of the present Income of the Governor & a 
 petition ^ for an Addition to his Salary. This I have intended 
 to do ever since I have been Governor, & have only waited 
 for a proper Opportunity : which I have thought to have oc- 
 ^ See Appendix II. 
 
INCOME OF GOVERNOR 123 
 
 curred now by my being ordered to transmit to the Treasury 
 an Account of the Annual Expences of this Government; 
 & therefore concluding that this Matter would soon be brought 
 upon the Carpet, I have made this Representation by a 
 Memorial to the Secretary of State, & a petition to the King in ^ 
 Council both nearly in the same Terms. In these I have shewn 
 by what Means several Defalcations have been made from 
 the Income of the Governor so as to reduce it to its present 
 Sum, :^io75 pf An which I have proved to be the sum total 
 of the Salary Fees & profits whatsoever of the Governor for 
 these two Years past & Hke to remain so. This, I have 
 ventured to say, is not a competent or honorable support for 
 a Governor of an extensive populous & rich province living 
 in one of the principal Capitals of America. And I have 
 asserted that my annual Expences have often amounted to 
 a greater Sum ; & cannot be kept within the Bounds of that 
 Sum, but by a Aconomy which must impair the Dignity of 
 the Office. 
 
 M' Jackson in a Late Letter writes that he thinks it very 
 possible I might change my Government if I wisht it; & 
 offers his Assistance if I have such a View. I write to him 
 that near 5 Months ago I wrote to your Lordship on that 
 Subject & then gave Reasons why it might be necessary 
 for me to change my Government ; & that these Reasons have 
 not since seemed to lose their Force. I add that at that 
 Time there were sevral valuable Governments vacant; of 
 which I should decHne Jamaica & the Leeward Islands upon 
 Account of the CHmate, that I should be very thankful for 
 Barbadoes, & should thankfully accept 2 S Carolina if that 
 Governor went to Jamaica. That I had not much expecta- 
 tion of Success, unless I could attend the SolHcitation myself; 
 
 » First written "&.» a Followed by "Barbadoes," then crossed off. 
 
124 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 and it was upon that Account among others that I was de- 
 sirous of being ordered home. Upon the whole I desired M' 
 Jackson to talk with your Lordship ; and if any Thing is to 
 be done, to endeavour to steer it so as to give your Lord- 
 ship as Uttle Trouble as possible. My present disagreeable & 
 dangerous Situation is my only pretension for troubling 
 your Lordship at all, after I have allready received so many 
 Favours from you. But this State of Inquietude Uncertainty 
 & Hazard obliges me to neglect no Means which afford a pros- 
 pect of Releif. 
 
 I have the pleasure to inform your Lordship that M™ 
 Bernard is got into pretty good health & begs leave to pre- 
 sent her compliments to your Lordship together with mine 
 
 I am &c 
 Right honble Lord Barrington 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD i 
 
 Cavendish Square March 13*^ 1767 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I fortunately received your Excellency's Letter of the 
 20*^ January soon enough to acknowlege it by this Packett. 
 I will endeavour to see Mt Jackson soon, and talk with him 
 on your Situation, which I confess to be very desagreable; 
 and therefore on your Account (tho not from any publick 
 consideration, far otherwise) I wish you removed to some 
 other Government agreable to your incUnation and Cir- 
 cumstances. I think however that I cannot be of any use 
 to you in that pursuit; for the comfort of my h'fe consists 
 in my independency, and no man can be independent who 
 solicits even for his friends. It is very hard after the uni- 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. xi (Correspondence), p. 67. 
 
UNREST IN MASSACHUSETTS 125 
 
 versally acknowleged Services you have done, & risks which 
 you have undergone, that you should have occasion to ask 
 any thing either personally, or thro' others ; but the World is 
 so made that the most just debts are not paid without dun- 
 ning. On the whole, if you are determined to leave Boston 
 when an opening shall offer else where, I think you should 
 communicate your wishes to the Secretary of State for the 
 Southern department, and I am sure you may do it in a way 
 neither importunate or assuming. As to an Augmentation 
 of your Salary, I think there is no ground to hope for it, un- 
 less some American fund can be assign'd for the purpose. 
 
 I am very glad to hear M'.^ Bernard's health is better. 
 My Cousin your Son calls on me sometimes & tells me he is 
 going to you. I wish him and all your family all possible 
 happyness and success, for I am very sincerely to them and 
 to you Dear Sir 
 
 A most faithful & 
 
 obedient humble Servant 
 
 Barrington. 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON 1 
 
 Boston May 20 1767 
 My Lord 
 
 I have this Moment received your Lordship's Letter of 
 March 13 & take an Opportunity to acknowledge this & your 
 former favour by a Ship which will sail early toomorrow. 
 
 I so much approve of the principles of your Lordships 
 Conduct in Regard to Sollicitations, that I would by no means 
 break in upon them. But as there are more Ways of assist- 
 ing a Business than the direct, & some of them very consistent 
 
 ^" Bernard Papers," vol. vi (Letter Book), p. 23. 
 
126 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 with the Independence you desire to preserve, you will still 
 permitt me to explain to your Lordship my Difficulties, 
 my Wants, & even my Wishes, when reasonable ; at the same 
 Time professing my Desire not to engage your Lordship in 
 any pursuit inconsistent with your System. 
 
 I find it necessary to suspend my purpose of solHciting a 
 Removal untill I learn the Event of my Sollicitation of an 
 Augmentation of my Salary. If that should be rejected, it 
 will give me a fair pretence to ask publickly for another 
 Government; if it should succeed, it may make a change 
 not desirable. I have had no Thoughts of charging such an 
 Augmentation on the British Estabhshment ; tho' perhaps 
 it may facilitate the Business for Great Britain to advance 
 the first payment as a loan. American funds for their own 
 Civil Lists will allways be in the power of the Administration ; 
 & therefore I ant think it will be long contested, after the 
 Americans find it is resolved upon. 
 
 I really think, without Vanity, that at this Time my re- 
 moval from hence would do disservice ; for the Faction, tho' 
 the Change were ever So much to my Advancement would 
 triumph upon it. Indeed all Removals of Governors in 
 Compliance with the Illtemper of the People serve to increase 
 that illtemper : it is nothing but humouring a froward Child. 
 This Government feels to this Day the ill Effects of Gov^ 
 Shutes not being sent back with an Increase of Salary & 
 Authority; and the giving him an Equivalent to his Satis- 
 faction has not prevented or lessened the mischeivous Con- 
 sequences of his being displaced. 
 
 Next Week The New Assembly meets & the Election of 
 new Councillors takes place. Many people think that the 
 Change will be for the better, I doubt it : for the Distemper 
 contracted by the Stamp-Act seems to be too deeply rooted 
 
AUGMENTATION OF SALARY 127 
 
 to be cured without physick ; none of which has been applied 
 as yet, unless what has encreased the Disease may be called 
 so. However I must suspend considerations for myself, 
 untill I see what turn the public Affairs will take; which a 
 Month or less will determine 
 
 M^ Bernard is in pretty good Health not estabHshed. 
 All my Children are perfectly well. I begin to expect my 
 eldest Son every Day. I am with M^ B'^s compliments & 
 my best Respects 
 
 My Lord, &c 
 
 Lord Barrington 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD 1 
 
 Beckett July the 8^^ 1767. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 A few days since your Letter of the 20^^ of May was sent 
 to me hither; and I find by it with great satisfaction, that 
 you are well, and M''^ Bernard much better than she was. I 
 flatter my self that your son is before this time safe at Boston. 
 
 I most sincerely wish that your Salary may be so augmented, 
 as to render your continuance desireable where you are. All 
 changes are troublesome & expensive; and as a good Eng- 
 lishman I must hope that you may remain in your present 
 Government. No man ever serv'd this Country so essentially 
 in that, as you have done. This is almost the universal 
 opinion, tho' some have vainly endeavour'd to insinuate the 
 Contrary. 
 
 When I left London about ten days ago things were in the 
 most unsettled state imaginable; and tho' the Parliament 
 
 * "Bernard Papers," vol. xi (Correspondence), p. 71. 
 
128 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 has been since prorogued, I do not find that any thing has 
 been done. Lord Chatham's ilhiess continues, he is still in- 
 capable of the least business, and his friends in Administra- 
 tion are afraid to act on their own Judgment, least when he 
 returns to a state of Activity he should disapprove their 
 proceedings: In the mean time we are absolutely without 
 Government. 
 
 I intirely agree with you in every opinion you express rela- 
 tive to America : : What has been hitherto done by each 
 Administration was wrong, there is the most urgent reason to 
 do what is right, and immediately ; but what is that right, & 
 who is to do it ? 
 
 The Packett sails next Saturday & I shall not return to 
 London till this day Sennight : God grant that I may be able 
 to send you a more Comfortable Letter by the Packett fol- 
 lowing ! 
 
 I am with my best Compliments to all my Cousins & with 
 the greatest truth & Esteem 
 Dear Sir 
 Your Excellency's 
 most faithful 
 
 & most obedient Servant 
 
 Barrington. 
 M*? Yeamans dyed 
 
 last month. 
 
WISHES A BETTER PLACE 129 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD » 
 
 Cavendish Square Oct' 6: 1767. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I have lately heard your Panegyrick from Persons who are 
 able to serve you. I understand there is a wish to give you 
 some better Government, as a reward for your good conduct 
 where you are. It is not impossible when vacancies happen 
 that I may be ask'd what alteration of Scene would be agre- 
 able to you. That I may be enabled to give a useful answer, 
 be so good as to inform me what Governments would, & 
 would not be agreable to you at the present moment. Per- 
 haps information on this head may be of use, perhaps of 
 none; but your eventual Instructions can do no harm. I 
 need not exhort you not to form sanguine expectations from 
 the hint I now give you : The Times are very uncertain ; and 
 when they are most fixt in this Country, a thousand accidents 
 happen between the Cup & the Lip. 
 
 In this Conversation I plainly perceivd the strongest desire 
 that America should grow quiet; that no disputes should 
 arise between the mother Country & it's Colonies, or between 
 Governors &" their Assemblies. I venture to give you this 
 hint, for your information and guidance; not wishing that 
 you should give up any thing on your side of the Atlantic 
 Ocean which is materially valuable to this. I am with my 
 best Comphments to all my Cousins Dear Sir 
 Your Excellency's 
 
 most faithful & most obedient 
 humble Servant 
 
 Barrington. 
 
 ' "Bernard Papers," vol. xi (Correspondence), p. 91. 
 
130 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD/ 
 
 Cavendish Square Jan : 8. 1768. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 Probably I shall not convey to your Excellency the first 
 news of a determination to seperate America from the Southern 
 department of Secretary of State, and to appoint Lord Hills- 
 borough third Secretary with the care of the Plantations &c. 
 I need not make My Lord's Panegyrick to Governor Bernard, 
 or recommend the Governor to his Lordship. They have a 
 mutual good opinion of each other, and the Business they 
 must have togather will be transacted to the satisfaction of 
 both. 
 
 I think the new Arangement on the whole very properly 
 made, and I am of opinion it will produce a permanent ad- 
 ministration, J necessary for this Country and particularly 
 in respect to its Colonies. 
 
 I beg you will present my best CompUments to all my 
 Cousins and beleive me to be with great truth 
 Dear Sir 
 
 Your most faithful 
 
 & obedient humble Servant 
 
 Barrington. 
 
 ' "Bernard Papers," vol. xi (Correspondence), p. m. 
 
NO MORE DISPUTES 131 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD HARRINGTON » 
 
 Boston Jan. 26 i76[8] ^ 
 My Lord 
 
 I have just now received the Duplicate of your Lordships 
 Letter dated Oct : 6, the Original not being come to hand, as 
 the Oct' Mail is not yet arrived. I am also indebted for 
 your Lordships Letter dated July, 8, which did not arrive 
 till Oct^ 10. I had deferred acknowledging the last men- 
 tioned, in Expectation that I ^ should recieve some advices 
 which might direct my Answer to Your Lordship ; but they 
 are not arrived yet tho' daily expected. However I have so 
 many matters to write upon to your Lordship, that I shall 
 begin now ; And as my Subjects are various I shall digest 
 them into separate letters; in which the preference will be 
 due to that which is the most public & interesting concern. 
 
 Your Lordship observes that there is a strong Desire that 
 America should become quiet, & that no disputes should 
 arise between the Mother Country & its Colonies or between 
 Governors & their Assemblies. I have had many hints & 
 have given the utmost attention to them & pursued their 
 purpose as far as I could do consistently with that Rule 
 wisely laid down by Your Lordship that nothing should be 
 given up on this Side the Atlantick which is materially valu- 
 able on Yours. To prevent disputes between the Mother 
 Country & its Colonies must be the Work of Great Britain : 
 No Man in the Colonies, not all the Governors in America, 
 tho' they could act with one Mind and with the best Under- 
 standing can of themselves bring about so desirable an Event. 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. vi (Letter Book), p. 67. 
 
 * This letter is indexed under 1768 ; the draught is dated 1766 with a 7 written 
 over the final 6. The date given in the index is clearly the correct one. 
 ^The words "did not" followed, but were crossed out. 
 
132 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 Upon this Subject I shall write to your Lordship by a separate 
 
 Letter. 
 
 The preventing Disputes between the Governors and their 
 AssembUes is easily effected, at least will probably be soon 
 brought about in this Province. I have shown the Assembly 
 the natural and constitutional Power of a Governor here, 
 whilst he keeps himself Blameless and is supported from 
 home ; And have falsified that prevailing Notion that a 
 Governor of this Province cannot withstand a popular Clam- 
 our. Otis himself has given up the Question and says it is 
 to no purpose any longer to oppose me : And some of his 
 Colleagues have allready made peace with me. The Assem- 
 bly has now sate a full Month & have not shown the least 
 Intimation to Dispute; on the Contrary they have shown a 
 good Disposition to avoid and to remove the Causes which 
 have occasic:.ed it before. So that it is probable that America 
 may become apparently quiet notwithstanding their present 
 pretensions. But, my Lord wounds may be skinned over 
 without heaUng ; and a Calm may be more dangerous than a 
 Storm. It is my Opinion that Great Britain will never be 
 safe till the Wounds are probed to the Bottom and a Remedy 
 appUed that will prevent the Return of the Disorder. This 
 must be the work of Parliament, and tho more difficult than 
 it was some Tune ago, is still very practicable; in what 
 Manner, I will explain in my Next 
 
 I am &c 
 Viscount Barrington 
 
AMERICAN CLAIMS X33 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTONi 
 
 My Lord Boston Jan. 28 1768 
 
 I understand that it is a prevailing Opinion on your Side 
 the Ocean, that America, if let alone, will come to herself 
 and return to the same Sense of Duty and Obedience to Great 
 Britain which she professed before.^ But I beleive no con- 
 siderate Man on this Side of the Water has any such Expec- 
 tation. If indeed the late Animosity had arose wholly from 
 a Particular Transaction which stood on its own Bottom and 
 had no Relation to any other Matters, upon removing the 
 Cause, the Effect might ^ cease. But when it " is founded 
 upon Principles equally ^ apphcable to other Transactions 
 which may 6 arise in the Course of Government, the Ani- 
 mosity may seem to die, but it will only sleep ; & will revive 
 whenever such principles are again applied to other transac- 
 tions, that is whenever the Parliament shall make Ordinances, 
 which the Americans shall not choose to obey. 
 
 It was easy to be foreseen that the Distinctions used in 
 Parliament in favor of the Americans would be adopted by 
 them and received as fundamental Laws. It would signify 
 nothing what the Number was^ which rejected them: the 
 Respectableness of the Names of those who introduced them 
 and the apparent Interest of the Americans in maintaining 
 them would outweigh all the Authority of Numbers for the 
 Contrary Opinion. It was also to be foreseen that the Ameri- 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. vi (Letter Book), p. 70. Another copy in manu- 
 script of this letter differs so much from the above that it is given in the Ap- 
 pendix I, p. 245. 
 
 2 At first "4 Years ago," then changed to "before." 
 
 ' At first "or Purpose would,'.' then changed to "might." 
 * At first written "this Animosity." 6 At first written "which are." 
 
 •This was foUowed by "continually be expected to," and then crossed out. 
 ^ FoUowed by "of the Majorities that," then crossed out. 
 
134 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 cans would carry these Distinctions much farther than was 
 intended by the introducers ^ of them, even so far as to anni- 
 hilate them. But yet these Distinctions never gave me Con- 
 cern, because they carried their Remedy with them : if they 
 were hurtfuP to the American Constitution, they had an 
 Antidote at hand; like the antient Spear if they wounded 
 they cured also : If the Parhament can't tax the Americans 
 because they are not represented, they can allow them Repre- 
 sentatives and then tax them. 
 
 Let ^ us state the Assertions in parliament in favour of the 
 Americans and the Use which has been [made] of them in Amer- 
 ica and see how far the chain of reasoning can be extended. 
 It ^ was said in parliament that i. The Parliament has no Right 
 to tax the Americans because they have no Representatives in 
 Parhament. 2. But they have a Right to impose Port Duties 
 or external "^axes, because such Duties are for the Regula- 
 tion of Trade. 3. The Difference between an external and 
 internal Tax, is that the former is imposed for the Regulation 
 of Trade, and the latter for raising a Revenue. From ^ 
 
 * First written "Promoters." 2 pirgt written "noxious." 
 ' First written " Let us state these Distinctions and the Consequences [illegible] 
 
 the Americans have drawn from them and endeavour to form a Logical Chain," 
 then changed to read as above. 
 
 * Followed by three illegible words which were stricken out. 
 
 * At first this was written as follows, then entirely crossed off : — 
 ["American Consequences," stricken out.] i. Whatever Taxis imposed for 
 [first written "the Regulation of Trade" and then crossed off] raising a Rev- 
 enue is an internal Tax. 2? Port Duties imposed for raising a Revenue are in- 
 ternal Taxes. 3. The Duties imposed on the Colonies by the 7*'' of Geo : 3^ be- 
 ing expressed to raise a Revenue are internal Taxes. 4. The Duties imposed 
 upon the Colonies by the 6^^ of Geo. 3 being directed to be paid into the Ex- 
 chequer for the Use of the Government are a Revenue. 5. All Duties im- 
 posed upon the Colonies to be paid into the Exchequer are a Revenue. 6. All 
 American Port Duties raising Money to be paid into the Exchequer for the 
 Use of the Government are internal Taxes. 7. The Americans are not obliged 
 to pay any port Duties they being internal Taxes imposed by a Parliament 
 in which they have no Representatives. 
 
AMERICAN CLAIMS 135 
 
 these positions ^ it is argued in America that i Port Duties 
 imposed for raising a Revenue are internal Taxes. 2 Port 
 duties ^ of which the produce is to be paid into the Exchequer 
 for the use of Gk)vernment are imposed for raising a revenue. 
 3 The produce of All the ports duties imposed upon America 
 is ordered to be paid into the Exchequer for the use of Gov- 
 ernment 4 All the port Duties imposed upon America are in- 
 ternal Taxes. The only Difference between the Port duties 
 declared ^ to be for raising a Revenue & those of which no such 
 declaration is made is that in one the Intention is explicit ; in 
 the other it is implied: the effect of both is the same. 
 
 My Lord this is not a fictitious Argument but a real one, 
 now urged and insisted upon, as the Terms of a good Agree- 
 ment between Britain & her Colonies. For Proof of which 
 I shall enclose to your Lordship a Series of Letters ^ printed 
 originally at Philadelphia,^ and reprinted throughout the 
 Continent : In these you will find all these positions before 
 laid down, except that they are not expressly carried to their 
 full Length, tho they certainly are consequentially so. What 
 then shall be done ? Shall the ParKament make a new de- 
 claratory Act ? See ! here are Counter declarations to that. 
 Shall they take no Notice of these American Pretensions? 
 they then will be confirmed in the Minds of the Americans, 
 and really become, what they are now proclaimed to be a 
 Bill of American Rights.^ There is nothing left to be done 
 to get rid of these Difficulties, which arise wholly out of the 
 
 ^ This paragraph was written on a small piece of paper and seems to be in- 
 tended as a substitute for the crossed ofif portion. 
 
 2 First written " Taxes " then changed to " Port Duties." 
 ^ First written " expressed." 
 
 * Followed by "supposed to be written at New York, but" and then crossed 
 out. These were John Dickinson's " Letters from a farmer." 
 
 ^Followed by "& in this Town" and then crossed out. 
 
 * Followed by "No :" and then crossed out. 
 
136 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 Political dissentions at Westminster ; but to allow the Ameri- 
 cans Representatives : this will cut up their Pretensions by the 
 Roots ; it has been for above 2 Years expedient, it is now be- 
 come necessary. 
 
 In one of the Papers enclosed is a Speech extracted from a 
 London Pamphlet said to have been spoke in the House of 
 Lords ^ which has been reprinted in the American Papers. 
 The whole Argument of this does not tend to shew that the 
 Americans ought not to be taxed; but that previously to 
 their being taxed they ought to be allowed Representatives. 
 This has been ^ extremely well received here, altho' the Con- 
 clusion is for an American Representation. If this was really 
 the Speech of a ' Lord of that House It ^ might have been 
 properly answer'd by admitting the Conclusion and thereby 
 avoiding a dispute ^ about the Premises. If the Americans 
 should be all<~wed Representatives it would become a Ques- 
 tion merely speculative whether Representation is necessary 
 to Taxation or not./ And yet the Americans in general do 
 not desire a Representation, tho' the PubUcations on their 
 Behalf all tend to that Conclusion; and some of them seem 
 Calculated to force the ParUament into that Measure as the 
 only one which would satisfy their Pretensions. How is this 
 to be reconciled? thus: tho the People don't see their In- 
 trests in having Representatives ; yet their Leaders do theirs 
 in being representatives and some of them have never lost 
 Sight of this View since the Troubles first began. Without 
 this it is impossible to account for the popular Writers found- 
 
 ' .^s first written ; "by Lord C m (in the original it is more properly 
 
 printed Lord C n)." 
 
 'Followed by "so," then crossed off. 
 
 ' Originally written, " the learned Lord whose Name it is supposed to bear." 
 * First written "It should," then changed to "It might have been properly." 
 ' First written "avoid disputing." 
 
AMERICAN REPRESENTATIVES 137 
 
 ing all their Arguments upon the Want of Representatives, 
 and resting their whole Cause upon one Pillar, which it is 
 in the Power of the ParHament at once to remove, and let the 
 Whole Fabrick down to the Ground. 
 
 t See PS ^ 
 
 *And old Member 2 who had before in Vain opposed the 
 House making Representations against the late Acts of Par- 
 liament,^ told the House that they had nothing now to do 
 but to consider whom they should choose for their Repre- 
 sentatives in parliament; for If their AppHcation had any 
 Success, it would have that Effect. He therefore bespoke 
 their Favour on behalf of a Merchant, who desired to have 
 the Honour of fitting out the Ship which shall carry their 
 Representatives home ; which he offered to do for half what 
 they would sell for when they came there. 
 
 This has been a serious Objection that American Repre- 
 sentatives would be subject to undue Influence; another is 
 that the Colonies would not be able to maintain them. Both 
 these, which contradict each other, would be more easily 
 answered than a more material Objection, which Hes at the 
 Heart ; that an ^ American Representation will absolutely 
 take away all Pretence of disputing the Ordinances of Par- 
 liament. The Plan of an American Representation will 
 admit of the Continuation of Provincial Assemblies for the 
 Purposes of Domestic Government : and therefore no Objec- 
 tions have been drawn from the Cessation of inferior Legis- 
 latures, the Supposition of which would create infinite Diffi- 
 culty. 
 
 1 The letter from this point is involved. In the final draft the P. S. on 
 p. 138 undoubtedly appeared here. 
 
 2 Followed by "of an Assembly having, " then changed to "who had before." 
 
 3 Followed by "when the Business was over," and then crossed off. 
 ^ First written "the." 
 
138 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 Upon the whole my Lord, if there was no Necessity for the 
 Appointment of an American Representation; (which I 
 think there is & that very pressing) The Idea of it greatly 
 enlarges my View of the Grandeur of the British Empire. 
 And if there is any Danger of its falling to pieces, which 
 surely cannot be toomuch provided against. It seems to me 
 that Nothing would so Effectually guard ^ against so fatal 
 an Event, as binding the Colonies to the Mother Country 
 by an incorporating ^ Union And giving them a Share in the 
 Sov'reign Legislature. If this was done there could be no 
 Dispute about American Rights and Priviledges; and an 
 Opposition to Great Britain would have but one Name. 
 And then we might expect a Longer Duration to the entire 
 British Empire than desponding Politicians in its present 
 critical State are wiUing to promise. 
 
 I am &c 
 Vise* Barrington 
 
 PS: 
 
 In writing the foregoing Letter I have avoided, as much as 
 possible evidences of locaHty ; that, if your Lordship should 
 think proper to communicate it, by transcribing it and leav- 
 ing out the Name and local Date, the Writer of it might not 
 necessarily appear. I therefore omitted what has passed in 
 our Assembly, except one Short Story, which was not neces- 
 sarily local, concerning Representation. At the Opening of 
 this Session a noted Speaker, who during the whole of last 
 Winter had joined the Opposition to the power of ParHament 
 and gone great lengths in his Assertions against that Power, 
 now in a set Speech retracted all his former Opinions, and 
 said that he had fully informed himself of the Relation be- 
 
 ^ Followed by "Great Britain," then crossed off. 
 
 '^ First written "aconomical," then changed to "incorporating." 
 
AMERICAN REPRESENTATIVES 139 
 
 tween Great Britain and her Colonies, & was convinced that 
 the Power of parliament over the Colonies was absolute, 
 with this Exception, that they ought not to tax them untill 
 they allowed them Representatives. That when the Colonies 
 had representatives, the Power of Parliament would be as 
 perfect here as it was in England. He then argued in Favour 
 of a representation & said that it was now become a Measure 
 necessary both to Great Britain and the Colonies, for the 
 heaHng the breaches between them. 
 
 This surprised the House a good deal ; but some Time after 
 their Eyes began to open: A Member on the Side of the 
 Government charged the leaders of the Opposition with an 
 Intention to make an American Representation necessary 
 by the Objections they made to all Acts of parliament for 
 Want of Representatives. The Proofs he adduced together 
 with the aequivocal Answers given on the other Side, left 
 little Doubt but that there was such an Intention. Upon 
 this see * letter that ^ Brig' Ruggles (the old Member men- 
 tioned in my Letter) made his proposal for carrying the Rep- 
 resentatives home. If they will not be obedient to ParHa- 
 ment without Representatives, In Gods Name let them have 
 them, 
 
 I need not, perhaps, mention to your Lordship that a 
 Review of my Letter dated Nov. 23 1765. will be of use in 
 the the Consideration of this 
 
 1 First written "It was Upon this occasion that" then changed to "Upon, 
 this see letter that"'; see passage marked with an asterisk on p. 137. 
 
I40 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD ^ 
 
 Cavendish Square March 12. 1768 
 Dear Sir 
 
 Last Packett which arrived two or three days ago brought 
 me two Letters from you, dated the 26^^ & 28'.^ of January: 
 I am very much obliged to your Excellency for both, but I 
 am unable to answer them as I ought. The Packett to North 
 America goes off to night, and the Election orders which go 
 all over Great Britain at the same time, make such full Em- 
 ployment for the War office, that I have been thoroughly 
 busyed for some days past : I also set out for my own Election 
 at Pl^-mouth to morrow. 
 
 I have communicated your most ingenious thoughts 
 about American Affairs to my friend Lord Hillsborough. 
 I am sorry to find that a man so knowing in what relates to 
 that Country as your self, is of opinion that nothing can put 
 a real end to our difference with our fellow Subjects there, 
 but a representation from thence. Without entering into 
 that subject, I may venture to say that the proposed expedient 
 is impracticable, as no Influence could make ten Members 
 of either House of ParUament agree to such a Remedy. 
 
 I hope this Letter will find you and all my Cousins per- 
 fectly well. I rejoyce that your prudence & spirit have con- 
 quer'd faction in New England : I most cordially wish it were 
 subdued on this side of the Ocean. I am with the greatest 
 truth & regard Dear Sir 
 
 Your Excellencys 
 most faithful & 
 
 most obedient Servant 
 
 Barrington 
 
 '"Bernard Papers," vol. si (Correspondence), p. 157. 
 
ANOTHER GOVERNMENT 141 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON^ 
 
 Boston Feb. 7 1768 
 My Lord 
 
 I come now to answer the first Part of your Lordship's 
 last Letter intimating the favourable Disposition towards 
 me : and in order to give this Subject a full Latitude, it will 
 be proper to go back to the first movements of it. 
 
 It was in Sept' 1766 that I wrote to your Lordship 
 to sollicit a Removal from hence. I was then in a State very 
 distressful, not only uneasy in my Administration but exposed 
 & threatned with personal Danger. And yet under all those 
 Difficulties, I expressed a Desire that I might be made easy 
 here, by supporting my Government & augmenting my Salary 
 The Truth is I did not know where to go or what to ask for. 
 The best Governments in the King's Gifts are in my Opinion 
 the least Desirable, as the Emoluments are, in general, much 
 overballanced by the unheal thiness of the Climates. There 
 were several of the very best Governments vacant at that 
 Time; Jamaica, Leeward Islands, & Barbadoes. I then 
 absolutely declined the two first, altho' the very best Govern- 
 ments in the Kings Gift : Barbadoes I expressed a great Desire 
 for : and indeed it is the only one among the Islands that I 
 have desired. Now that as well as the other two is but just 
 filled : so that the only Object of my Desire in the West 
 Indies is now out of the Question. 
 
 In Regard to the Continent, in the Same Letter I intimated 
 that South Carolina, altho' upon Account of the Climate far 
 from being desirable, would in my present Situation ( If I had 
 no Prospect of being quieted with an adequate Salary) be 
 more agreeable than to be left here. Soon after I sent away 
 
 ^" Bernard Papers," vol. vi (Letter Book), p. 82. 
 
142 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 that Letter, I wrote to M' Jackson to disclaim S Carolina, 
 upon Account of the disagreeable Inform"^ of the Climate 
 which I had then received; of which we have frequently 
 visible Evidences from the sallow Complexions of those 
 Corolinians who come hither to recover their Health. I will 
 here apologise for my exceptiousness in Regard to Climates, 
 by assuring your Lordship that it is not so much on my own 
 account (tho' my Life is made valuable by the tender Age 
 of most of my Children) as it is for the Sake of M^ Bernard, 
 whose frame, naturally delicate, has been much weak'ned since 
 she came here. To follow the Governments along the Con- 
 tinent N Carolina is much in the same Predicament as its 
 Name Sake, & is now full with a new Governor. Virginia 
 being a L^ Government would be no advancement. New 
 Jersey (my favourite in Regard to Situation) would be a deg- 
 radation. Wc now come to N York ^ now full of a new 
 Governor also: I should gratefully accept of this if it was to 
 become vacant and be offered to me : but should like better 
 & I think it would be better for me to be properly supported 
 in this Government. They are both of them liable to be 
 harrast by the Spirit of Jealousy of and Opposition to Govern- 
 ment which prevails in both & has for some Time past been 
 whetting itself upon each other. But there is this Material 
 Difference between the two Provinces : in N York that Spirit 
 actuates Men of Rank and Ability, in Massachusets it works 
 only with Men of Middling or low Rank ; in the Latter the 
 Gov' has the generality of respectable Men on his Side; in 
 the former they are more generally against Government. 
 Without entring into more particulars, It appears to me that 
 the Administration of N York is more difficult than that of 
 Mass*^ especially as I can plainly perceive that this Government 
 » Followed by "my favourite with Regard to Situation," then crossed off. 
 
ANOTHER GOVERNMENT 143 
 
 has received Strength from the Spirited & steady use which 
 I have made of my negativing power & the public Approba- 
 tion it has received. This, with the great additional Strength 
 which it will gain from that wise Parliamentary Measure for 
 providing for the Support of the Governors & Crown Officers, 
 will make it full as necessary for the Leaders of the People 
 to court the Governor as it will be for the Governor to court 
 them. 
 
 This leads us to the ballancing the Question. Since the 
 Time when I applied to be removed from hence one Event 
 then despairred of has happened ; The Parliament has made 
 a Provision for the Payment of the Governor, & tho' it has 
 not been declared what the Salary will be, yet we must sup- 
 pose that it will be adequate to the Importance of the Govern- 
 ment. Another good event is coming on apace, a Recon- 
 ciliation between me & the Malecontents. The Assembly 
 has now sat near 6 Weeks, & not the least Disrespect has 
 been shown to me, even by those who were used to be most 
 froward at other Times. On the contrary All such Businesses, 
 as I might be supposed to have an Int'rest or a Will in, have 
 been done in such a Manner as I could desire. And yet they 
 still pursue an Opposition to the late Acts of ParUament by 
 Remonstrances : and at the same Time appears an evident 
 Disposition to restore the Peace of this Government. This 
 will not be dissappointed by the Defeat of their Purposes in 
 Parliament ; it will be much more probably improved by it. 
 As for the Salary, a Gentleman of very good Authority assures 
 me it will be ^2500 ; tho' others report that it will be but ^2000. 
 If it is the least of these Sums, it will (together with a Restora- 
 tion of the good Humour of the Government) make a Removal 
 from hence not desirable ; especially when the Cheif Govern- 
 ments have been so lately filled as to afford little Prospect of 
 
144 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 a valuable Vacancy. It is true this Expectation^ may be 
 intcrvented ^ : for tho' the Act is passed, yet Nothing has been 
 done in Pursuance of it ; and it may be repealed before any 
 Thing is done ; As the Assembly of the Massachusets are now 
 endeavouring to engage all the other Assemblies on the Conti- 
 nent to join in remonstrating against it. But I cannot think 
 that there is any Danger of the Parliament's giving Way to 
 such a Combination They have seen toomuch allready of 
 the Abuse of the former Repeal, for which a strong Necessity 
 was to be pleaded, to give Way to another Dictation of the 
 Colonies which is itself one of the Abuses of the former In- 
 dulgence. If they should give Way, they may as well at 
 once Repeal all the former Acts of Trade which impose Duties : 
 for they are all included in the same Chain of reasoning. 
 
 You see, my Lord, that it is very probable that this Govern- 
 ment may be made more desirable to me than another; or 
 at least that I must wait till the Salary of it is settled before 
 I can properly compare it with another. So that all I can 
 resolve upon now is to desire your Lordship, after accepting 
 my most gratefuU Thanks for your Kind Care of me, to en- 
 deavour to keep alive the favourable Disposition of advanc- 
 ing me, till I can determine what Occasion I shall have for 
 it. In the mean Time I would avail myself of it, with your 
 Lordships Approbation, to obtain leave of Absence for a Year, 
 to be left to my own Discretion whether I shall use it presently 
 or not. For two Things must happen before I should chuse 
 to go to England : I must wait till the Salary of this Govern- 
 ment is fixed & put in a Way of Payment : And I should chuse 
 to see the Peace of the Government perfectly restored before 
 I leave this Place. Both these may probably happen before 
 next Midsummer : the first of them will be known to your 
 
 » First written " Prospect." 2 First written " interrupted."' 
 
MORE SALARY 
 
 145 
 
 Lordship much sooner than it will to me; and when it 
 does happen, I think with Submission, that it will be a 
 proper Time to make the Request, leaving to me to make 
 Use of the Licence as the other Event shall turn out, more 
 or less, One Thing your Lordship may be assured of, that I 
 will not leave the Province at a Time when my Presence 
 here appears in any Way necessary. But when we get 
 into a Httle good humour with one another a Short Separa- 
 tion may make us meet again better Friends than before. 
 Besides I shall by this Means have an Opportunity to con- 
 sider effectually how I can best avail myself of the favour- 
 able Disposition towards me, which my present Distance 
 makes Difficult. I have not as yet wrote to the Minister 
 upon this Subject; and shall not 'till I dismiss the Assembly, 
 When I do your Lordship shall be informed of all Particulars. 
 If Leave should be obtained, it will be very expedient that it 
 should be kept secret till I shall Think it Time to make Use 
 of it. I am w*!^ great Grat^ & Resp'^.^ 
 
 My Ld your Ldships most obed^ 
 
 humble Servant 
 Vise* Barrington 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON 1 
 
 Boston. Feb. 20 1768 
 My Lord 
 
 Since I wrote to your Lordship my Letters of Jan. 26 & 28 
 
 there has been a considerable Change in our Assembly which 
 
 has produced a Paper which I think proper to add to the 
 
 political Papers allready communicated to your Lordship. 
 
 You must know that at the Beginning of this Session the 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. vi (Letter Book), p. 94. 
 
146 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 Friends of Government had power enough to keep the fac- 
 tious Party of the House in awe. And tho' they could not 
 prevent their writing a Letter to their Agent, another to 
 the Secfy of State & an Address to the King upon the Subject 
 of the late Acts of Parliament for imposing Duties & constitut- 
 ing a Board of Commissioners of Customs, yet they prevented 
 for that Time the sending circular Letters to the other As- 
 semblies inviting them to join them, by a Majority of 2 to i. 
 
 But the Faction would not be so disappointed; but after 
 having prepared the Way by private Cabals they brought on 
 the Business again when they got a Vote for expunging all 
 the proceedings of the House out of the Journals, & then 
 obtained another Vote for sending a circular Letter to the 
 other Assemblies. This is what I have now the Honor to 
 transmit your Lordship a Copy of : I shall make no Remarks 
 upon it than that your Lordship will find in it a full Illustra- 
 tion of my former Letter. I also send your Lordship a tenth 
 Letter of the farmers Letters, which will I beleive compleat 
 the Set. 
 
 The Party elate with their Success on the Circular Letter, 
 immediately after, quarrelled with me : but it is upon a Sub- 
 ject which will do them no Credit & me no Harm. They 
 have put themselves much in my Power, if I was incHned to use 
 Declamation : but I have done with it. However I shall give 
 them a short Answer which will be sufficient to expose them. 
 It is not worth your Lordships while to attend to such 
 Squabbles; and therefore I shall not trouble your Lordship 
 with the particulars 
 
 I am &c. 
 Lord Vise* Barrington 
 
 P.S. Before I put this into a Cover, a Ship came in from 
 England in a Passage of 19 Days from the Lands End. I 
 
THE CIRCULAR LETTER 147 
 
 am told that she brings advice that L Hilsborough is ap- 
 pointed Secy of State for America. If this should be so, I 
 think that knowing your Lordship's Connexion with that 
 noble Lord, I have Reason to congratulate myself upon the 
 Even't. 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON^ 
 
 My Lord ^"'""^ ^^^- ^ ^768 
 
 In my Letter of Jan 28 I informed your Lordship to what 
 Lengths the Americans had carried their Improvements of 
 the Arguments which had been used in England in favour 
 of their being exempt from a parliamentary Taxation. I there 
 mention that the Pretensions were not expressly carried to 
 the Length that they were Consequentially. But, my Lord, 
 the httle Interval of Time between the Dates of that Letter 
 and this has afforded Instances of these Pretensions being 
 actually carried to the full Length they are capable of. The 
 Traders here are now associating 2 in the same Manner that 
 they did at the Time of the Stamp Act; with what Success 
 remains to be determined: however there is now a Sub- 
 scription opened to import no British Goods (except for the 
 Fishery) for 18 Months. If this was all, we Crown Officers 
 should be 3 well Content : but it is given out among them that 
 they will not submit to the Laws in the Mean Time ; & violent 
 Methods of Opposition are every Day expected. One Man 
 has unloaded a Cargo without entring it at the Custom House : 
 it was done in the Night with a strong hand; but it is as 
 pubhckly known as if it had been at Noon Day. The Officers 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol vi (Letter Book), p. 96. 
 
 2 Followed by "here," then crossed off. 
 
 » Followed by "very," then crossed out. 
 
148 BARRINGTON -BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 either do not or dare not know where the Goods are carried. 
 Many Merchants say they will not suffer Custom House 
 Officers to go on board their Ships ; one of them declared so 
 in the House of Representatives. When they are asked what 
 will satisfy them, the Answer is a total Repeal of the Laws of 
 Trade imposing Duties and nothing less. And untill such 
 Repeal shall be made they propose to suspend the Execution 
 of the Laws, as they did in the Stampt-Act, which is now 
 made a Precedent. However there has not as yet been a vio- 
 lent Opposition to the Officers ; but it is hourly expected. 
 
 Your Lordship may imagine that such a State of this Town 
 must be very disagreeable to the Commissioners of the Cus- 
 toms who are strangers in this Country. There have been 
 Nights fixed by Common Report for a Tumult twice within 
 these lo Days. Upon one of them M' Burch one of these 
 Gentlemen had a large Number of Men with Clubs assembled 
 before his Door great Part of the Evening, and he was obliged 
 to send away his Wife & Children by a back Door. This 
 was afterwards turned to a Joke & said to be nothing but 
 to intimidate them ; but if it was only a Joke it was a very 
 cruel one. The Commissioners have asked me what Support 
 I can give them, if there should be an Insurrection; I an- 
 swer none at all. They then desire me to apply to the general 
 for Troops ; I tell them I cannot do it ; for I am directed to 
 Consult the Council about requiring Troops; & they will 
 never advise it let the Case be ever so desperate. Indeed I 
 no more dare apply for Troops than the Council dare advise 
 me to it. Ever since I have perceived that the Wicked- 
 ness of some and the folly of others will in the End bring 
 Troops here, I have conducted myself so as to be able to say, 
 and swear to, if the Sons of Liberty shall require it, that I 
 have never applied for Troops. And therefore, my Lord, 
 
THE COMMISSIONERS 149 
 
 I beg that Nothing I now write may be considered as such 
 an Application. The present Suspence is a very disagree- 
 able one : the Commissioners see that they must wait till 
 a violent Opposition is made to their Ofi&cers; & yet they 
 dread the Experiment. I must be involved with them more 
 or less: I have promised them an Asylum at the Castle, & 
 possibly may want it myself. Tho' the more moderate of 
 the Opponents to the Laws of Trade say that they will hurt 
 No body; but when they find that they are not hke to be 
 redressed, they will put the Commissioners & all their Officers 
 on board a Ship & send them back to England. This is 
 the Talk used to prevent Riots : a Short Time will determine 
 it. I shall drop the Subject here having said enough to shew 
 how probable it is that the Officers of the Crown will soon be 
 in the same situation which they were above 2 Years ago; 
 and how deceitful that Opinion is like to prove, that America 
 will come to Rights of its own Accord. The Impeachment of 
 the Power of Parliament has been continually extending 
 since the Time of the Stampt-Act; & will not stop till the 
 Parliament interposes with Effect. 
 
 Having said so much for the public there is Httle remaining 
 for myself. Your Lordship may imagine that whilst the 
 Faction are attacking the Authority of Parliament they 
 won't let the Governor alone. They accordingly picked a 
 Quarrel with me about the Middle of the Session : But they 
 have chose an unfortunate Subject and managed it very 
 ill. I found myself obliged to make it the Subject of a Speech 
 at the End of the Session ; as the Faction have shown their 
 Intention, to hurt me with the People by the Publication 
 of the Papers of their House followed with an Infamous 
 Libell. But they are both fully answered by my Speech and 
 an Address of the Council; both of which joined together 
 
I50 BARRIXGTOX-BERNARD CORRESPOXDEXCE 
 
 on this Occasion will I hope open the Eyes of the People to 
 
 the Wickedness of tliese Fellows. 
 
 The Right honble I am &c 
 
 The L"? Vise*: Barrington 
 
 PS 
 
 If your Lordship should think proper to communicate any 
 Part of this Letter, you will spare my Name as much as 
 possible. 
 
 LORD B.\RRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD ^ 
 
 Cavendish Square April i6. 176S 
 De.\r Sir, 
 
 I was yesterday favour 'd by several Letters from you, and as 
 the Packett sets out this Evening I have not time to answer 
 any of them , .s I wish : I have indeed scarce been able to read 
 them ; for the same conveyance brought me some material 
 publick Dispatches which require answers, and I have only 
 a few hours to write them. I cannot however suffer this days 
 Post to go, witliout carrying my acknowlegments of your kind 
 Attention to me, and of the material information you send me. 
 
 Three of your Letters dated the 28'.^ 26'.'' of January and 
 the 20^'' of Feb : are duplicates. One of tliem contains a 
 very ingenious but in my poor opinion impracticable plan 
 for representing the Colonies in Parliament. I acquainted 
 you with my opinion on tliat Subject by last Packett. I then 
 knew how such a proposal however right would be received 
 on this side the Water, and the Act of assembly dated feb.ii*?* 
 shews how much it would be abhor'd on your side, at least 
 in your Government, so we must put that Plan entirely out 
 of the Question. 
 
 * "Bernard Papers," vol. xi (Correspondence), p. 167. 
 
AMERICAN REPRESENTATIVES 151 
 
 I see with Grief, but not with surprize, the open attempts 
 towards independency making in New England, & I conclude 
 the other northern Colonies. A man must have been blind 
 who did not foresee that consequence, from the repeal of the 
 Stamp Act. Things are coming apace to a crisis : My friend 
 Lord Hillsborough will have his hands full, but for the sake 
 of the pubhck I am glad America is in his hands. He has 
 prudence firmness & temper : The times want them all. 
 
 I am persuaded you are in the right in your dispute with the 
 Assembly; but that dispute makes it eligible for you ftho' 
 not for this Country) that you should be removed to a better 
 Government; especially as no steps are taking towards 
 granting a fixt salary to the Governors of the Northern 
 Colonies. I will watch every Circumstance that can make for 
 your benefit, and your Letter dated f^ february has inform'd 
 me of your wishes. I am with great truth & Esteem & with 
 my best Comps. to my Cousins 
 
 Dear Sir 
 Your Excellency's 
 
 most faithful & obedient 
 humble Servant 
 
 Barrington. 
 PS. 
 
 In my hurry I had forgot 
 
 to acknowlege your Letter of 
 
 the 4^^' March which is of the 
 
 most serious importance. The contents 
 
 will not be neglected by me & I will make the 
 
 proper use of them without commiting the writer so as to hurt 
 him. 
 
152 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON^ 
 
 Boston March 28 1768 
 My Lord 
 
 I have an Opportunity of adding the 11*'' & 12*^^ Farmers 
 Letters which compleat the set; I shall send your Lordship 
 another Set in an 8'^° Edition by the next Opportunity. All 
 that I fore- told of these Letters becomes verified : the ill Conse- 
 quences which were to be expected from them are coming 
 on with a Rapidity; and I fear it is too late now for Great 
 Britain to prevent America getting the Start of her. For if 
 the Expectations of the Cabinet of the Politicians here are 
 well founded, they depend upon using weightier Reasons 
 than have been urged as yet against the Parliaments imposing 
 Duties in America. I have wrote a good Deal upon this 
 Subject to the Secretary of State; but dare not repeat all 
 I hear till I have a safer Conveyance for my Letters than 
 offers at present. A little Time will give Maturity and 
 Appearance to the Designs which are now carrying on, if 
 what I hear is to be credited. 
 
 I am &c 
 The Rt honble 
 L"* Vise* Barrington 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON ^ 
 
 Boston Apr: 20 1768 
 My Lord 
 
 I take this Opportunity to inform your Lordship that we've 
 lost our fourth Son Shute who died at Cambridge, where he 
 was placed for his Studies, on the 5*^ inst^ after 4 Days 
 Illness in the 16 Year of his Age. I find that a Number of 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. vi (Letter Book), p. 105. "^Ibid., p. 106. 
 
LEAVE OF ABSENCE 153 
 
 Children does not so much reconcile one to the Loss of one, 
 as might be imagin'd. However I ought not to repine, when 
 I have 9 hopeful Children left. 
 
 Yesterday I received your Lordship's Letter recommending 
 Mr Chaumier : Immediately after which I had an Opportunity 
 of shewing my Desire of serving him by removing some Diffi- 
 culties in the Way of his obtaining an Indulgence from the 
 Board of Customs, which I hope has been effectually done. 
 
 Both the Mails of^ & Febry are still due, tho the latter 
 should have been in by this Time. I have no Advice in an 
 Official Way of the Appointment of Lord Hillsborough : so I 
 am now in an Interval between the closing my Correspondence 
 with L*^ Shellburne, & opening one with L*' Hillsborough. 
 The Officers of the Crown & Friends of the British Govern- 
 ment are now in a distressed State, hoping that, but not know- 
 ing how or when, they shall be relieved. 
 
 In a former Letter I proposed that I should have a discre- 
 tionary Leave to come home. Altho Things are very much 
 alter'd since I wrote that Letter, yet it still becomes very 
 adviseable to the Government, & desirable to me, that I 
 should have leave to come to England. I must run a Risk in 
 it: But the Times are growing so bad, that I am not like to 
 have any Choice in it. The good Inclinations of the Ministry 
 towards me, I am satisfied will have no good Effect untill I can 
 have an Interview with them. As soon as the Mail comes in, 
 I will write more fully to your Lordship upon these Subjects ; 
 in the mean Time I could wish that the Purpose of obtaining a 
 discretionary Leave for my coming home might be pursued. 
 
 The Right honble I am &c 
 
 L*^ Visc^ Barrington 
 
 1 Followed by "Janry" and then crossed off. 
 
154 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD » 
 
 Cav: Square May the q*** 1768 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 Lord Hillsborough told me the other day that he thought it 
 very right you should receive an immediate mark of the King's 
 favour, and approbation of your sevices, and ask'd me whether 
 you would have any objection to being created a Baronet. 
 I said that I never had observed any thing in you which made 
 me conceive you were fond of Titles, and that it cost three 
 or four hundred pounds to be a Baronet ; but that I would 
 enquire of you, & let him know your Inclinations. I beleive 
 there is no Government in America which if vacant you might 
 not have, with the greatest ease; but at present there is 
 nothing to be disposed of but the Lieut. Government of 
 Virginia. This I am authorised to offer you, with or without 
 the Title of Baronet. Lord Hillsborough conceives it to 
 be the same as a Government in point of Rank as the Governor 
 never resides, and that in point of value it is better than 
 what you have : In ease & comfort it is infinitely preferable. 
 I do not find there is any prospect of paying the Governors 
 of America out of the funds created last year, and which 
 were then created only to give the late Chancellor of the 
 Exchequer a Httle momentary eclat. I ask'd Lord H. who 
 he would propose to be Your Successor : He said it would be 
 a great distress to this Country, whenever you left the Massa- 
 chusets, but that his Views went of MT Hutchinson the pres- 
 ent Lieu* Governor ; and this in the strictest confidence I 
 was allow'd to tell you. In short my dear Sir, You have now 
 the whole before you for consideration, and no man can deter- 
 mine better. My Lord H. has promised me to write you 
 
 ' "Bernard Papers," vol. xi (Correspondence), p. 183. 
 
THE BARONETCY j 
 
 such a private Letter as will authorise you to come hither on 
 eave ,f you should chuse it. I am with my best CompUments 
 to all my Cousins 
 
 Your Excellency's 
 most faithful & 
 
 most obedient Servant 
 
 Barrington. 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD > 
 Dear Sir, Cavendish Square June 1 1" 1768 
 
 ^ I answer'd all your Letters by last Packett, & therefore 
 intended by this to trouble you with nothing but a duplicate 
 o that answer. Yesterday brought me your Letter of the .0'- 
 of April, by which I hear with great concern of the misfortune 
 which has happened in your family by the death of my Cousin 
 
 f T^T^- ' ""' ""'^"^'^ '°"^''''' "'■"' y°- Excellency 
 & with M" Bernard on this occasion; earnestly hoping you 
 will have no more affictions of the same kind or indeed of 
 any other. 
 
 I am much obliged to you for the Printed Papers which 
 you have sent to me. and which shew too clearly the ill humour 
 
 ZIZ : *'"^" ' ^^" '''"' ^°" "°'hing pleasing 
 
 from this side and therefore I will not give you or my seU 
 concern by writing news I am ever with the greatest truth 
 
 Dear Sir 
 
 T _, ^,.„ , Your most faithful 
 
 Lord Hillsborough has & obedient Servant 
 
 obtamd the discretionary Barrington. 
 
 leave you desire & I beleive 
 sent it to you by last packet. 
 
 ' " Bernard Papers, " vol. xi (Correspondence), p. 197. 
 
156 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON^ 
 
 Boston May 9 1768 
 My Lord 
 
 The Febry Mail is not yet come in : so that at this Time, 
 4 Months after his Appointment, I have received no Letter 
 from Lord Hillsborough. As upon this Account I must 
 still defer writing to him, I am now aware that I shall not have 
 Time to apply to him for Leave to go to England ; so as to 
 expect an Answer in Time to set out soon enough to keep clear 
 of the Winter : and a Winter Voyage in these Seas is to be 
 avoided by all Means possible. 
 
 I must therefore beg of your Lordship that I may be favoured 
 with your Lordships Application (with as Uttle Loss of Time 
 as may be) t' at I may have an Order or Leave to come 
 to England before Winter. An order it will be if the Minister 
 sees the Expediency of calling me to make a Report in Person 
 of the present State of New England ; in which Way I am 
 convinced I can be more serviceable to his Majesty than I 
 can by continuing here without real Authority. It seems to 
 me that the Omission of the most proper Means to quiet 
 America, if there has been any such, must be imputed to the 
 Administration having wanted proper Informations of the 
 State of the Country; which for many Reasons cannot be 
 communicated by Letters. 
 
 Considering this as a License granted to me. It will still 
 partake of the Nature of a publick Business. For if my 
 Service has received the Approbation with which I have 
 been flattered, I hope it will create a Merit, which will exempt 
 me from being again exposed to the same Dangers, which 
 I so firmly withstood & so happily escaped. In the Winter 
 ' "Bernard Papers," vol. vi (Letter Book), p. no. 
 
THE COMMISSIONERS 157 
 
 65-6, 1 was sev'ral Times drove to the very Brink of Deserting 
 my Post; & in the Spring following the Lieut: Gov^ told 
 me that nothing surprised him more than to see me in this 
 Town at that Time. And if we are to beleive the Heads of 
 the Faction here, if Concessions from Great Britain are not 
 soon made, the next Winter will be as dangerous to Crown 
 Officers as any which have passed. 
 
 I have not at present any Dispute of my own or of any Kind 
 but what arises from the Opposition to Great Britain. At 
 present the Faction is cheifly employed in insulting affronting & 
 threatning the Commissioners of the Customs & their Ofi&cers. 
 The Instances are gross & notorious : I shall not at present 
 mention Particulars, as I suppose the Commissioners them- 
 selves will fully report them to their Superiors. It is sufficient 
 that these Proceedings necessarily involve me in continued 
 Disputes, as I cannot dispense with paying due Respect to 
 Gentlemen bearing Commission under the great Seal & 
 station'd in my Government. And yet this is in a Manner 
 required of me, as the Terms of being spared^ myself. It 
 therefore seems unavoidable that when they rise against the 
 Commissioners (which they publickly declare they will do, as 
 soon as they learn that their applications to the Government 
 at home are successless) the Governor must be involved in 
 the Dispute & partake of the Difficulty & Danger. 
 
 For these Reasons as well as others, I much desire that I may 
 have leave to come to England next winter. I am sensible that 
 I run a risk of hurting my Family Stock, & much so, if I cannot 
 obtain an appointment under the late Act with an early Com- 
 mencement. But my Family will run a much greater risk, 
 from my being left exposed to another insurrection, which will 
 undoubtedly be attended with much more mischeif than the 
 ^ First written "loved." 
 
158 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 former, as it will be accompanied with a desperate Defiance 
 of Great Britain. This Event seems unavoidable if Measures 
 are not already taken to prevent it. — If an Order should 
 be obtained, I beg it may be forwarded with all Expedition, 
 & a duplicate & triplicate by other Ships. 
 
 The Right Hon The V" Vis* Barrington, I am &c. 
 
 PS. May. 12. 
 
 Yesterday I recieved my Lord Hillsboroughs first Packet; 
 & as the Ship which is to carry this is to sail to morrow I 
 shall have no time to write Lord Hillsborough except to 
 acknowledge the Reciept of his Letters. I shall probably be 
 able to write upon my subject in about a weeks time : but as 
 the Time of that will be uncertain I shall stand in need of 
 You Lordships interposition in the same manner as if this 
 Packet had no', arrived. And it is the more to be desired as it 
 will be proper to prepare his Lordship for an Address diectly 
 from myself; which latter I shall most probably inclose to 
 your Lordship, that you may judge of the propriety of it 
 before it be presented. I should have mentiond before that 
 I have recieved your Lordships Letter of Jan. 8 & am obHged 
 to you for your kind information. 
 
 secret 
 
 As I have a Confidence in the Conveyance of the inclosed, 
 I will venture to add a few Lines, which I should not chuse to 
 trust to the common Post: I am well assured that it is the 
 intention of the Faction here to cause an Insurrection against 
 the Crown Ofiicers, at least of the Custom house, as soon as 
 any Kind of Refusal of their extravagant Demands against 
 Great Britain shall furnish a Pretense for so extraordinary 
 
COLONIAL UNREST j 
 
 a Step; & that they depend upon being join'd & supported 
 m this by some of the other Colonies. I am advised of this 
 by one of their Party whose name I can never use, as he is 
 not suspected of communing with me. 1 asked him if they 
 were hkely to confine themselves to the Custom House ofHcers 
 or would extend their operations to the other Crown officers 
 & especially the Governor. His answer was, "if I was Governor 
 Bernard I would get out of the way whenever any Commo- 
 tion began, especially if it arose from the Expectation or the 
 arrival of regular Troops." The same Person told me they 
 were waiting for the success of their application to other 
 Colomes to join them in an actual opposition. Since this I 
 have learnt that they greatly exult in Advices they have 
 lately recieved from other Colonies. All this is continually 
 confirmed by frequent Declarations that they will do them- 
 selves Justice; that they will remove the Commissioners 
 & their olicers ; that no Pensioner of Great Britain, no, not one 
 that recieves a Stipend from ■ thence shall live in this Province • 
 & It has been publickly declared upon Change that if 
 the Commissioners were not recalled before the beginning 
 of the Winter, they will be shipped of for England. The 
 Situation of these Gentlemen (& indeed of all the Crown 
 Officers) IS become very gloomy; especially as they cant 
 earn from England or New York that any Relief is intended 
 to be sent to protect them from this desperate Gang I 
 should have observed before, that it cannot be concieved 
 that they would treat the Parliament of Great Britain with the 
 Insolence & Contempt which their News Paper is frequently 
 fill d with. If they did not mean to set her at Defiance, & dare 
 her to express a resentment. This is the present State of 
 this unhappy distracted Town. 
 
 'Followed by "Great Britain," then crossed off. 
 
i6o BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON^ 
 
 Boston June i8 1768 
 My Lord 
 
 I have just received your Lordships Letter dated April 16*^ 
 as I did that of Mar 10 in due Time, which I waited to acknowl- 
 edge 'till this Mail come in. 
 
 Your Lordship observes that Things are coming apace to a 
 Crisis: I am sure they are with us ; and I fear the Bostonians 
 will get the Start of you. The Commissioners of the Cus- 
 toms and their Ofi5cers & the Officers of the Custom House 
 are driven out of the Town allready, the latter not without 
 wounds & bruises & a narrow escape with life. The Com- 
 missioners & their officers are on board the the Romney Man 
 of War : the^ are going to the Castle to wait the Event of 
 this, as soon as it shall be made defensible by the station of 
 Men of War about it. There are allready the Romney of 50 
 guns & the Beaver of 16 : others are expected. 
 
 I am myself on better terms with the people, than usual. 
 A Civil Treatment of a petition of the Town to me, a plain 
 & friendly Answer thereto & some real Service by interpos- 
 ing with the Man of War, have given me a little popularity. 
 But it wont last a week : as soon as I have executed the orders 
 I have just recieved from the Secretary of State, in the general 
 Assembly, there will be an end of my popularity. And I 
 dont know whether I shant be obliged to act like the Capt of 
 a fireship, provide for my retreat before I light the fusee. 
 
 I shall send this by M"" Hallowell Controller of the Customs 
 of this Port, who is sent home by the Commissioners upon 
 this occasion. He will inform Your Lordship of all the par- 
 ticulars of the present transactions, as he has bore a great 
 
 ^ "Bernard Papers," vol. vi (Letter Book), p. 123. 
 
COLONIAL RESISTANCE i5j 
 
 part in them. There seems at present a determination to 
 resist Great Britain, & preparations, I am am told are made 
 for It. We must wait for the Event. 
 
 I am &c. 
 
 The Right Honble 
 
 The Lord Viscount Barrington. 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON^ 
 My Lord 
 
 Boston. June 29. 1768. 
 I wrote to your Lordship a short Letter dated June 18 
 which went in the Care of M^ Hallowell. Since that I have 
 informed the Assembly of the orders I have recieved to require 
 them to rescind & disapprove some resolutions of the late 
 House m the last Session, & on their refusal to dissolve them 
 It IS certain they wont comply; in the mean time they are 
 putting off giving their answers, & perhaps meditating some 
 other Act as bad as that which they are required to rescind 
 1 am not at present an object of resentment, altho I have 
 been abused in a speech of Otis's in common with the Govern- 
 ment the Ministry, the parliament & the People of G Britain 
 & all persons in Authority on both sides the Water But I 
 apprehend that I shall be drove to execute my orders in a 
 manner that may make me personally offensive. Besides 
 one doesnot know what effects the Dissolution of the Assem- 
 bly may have among the People, nor what turn it may take 
 I there fore a good deal depend upon my obtaining Leave 
 of absence. I have not wrote to my Lord Hillsborough on 
 this Subject: ever since my Correspondence has been opend 
 with him I have had so many interesting Subjects to write 
 
 ' "Bernard Papers," vol. vi (Letter Book), p. 125. 
 
1 62 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 upon, that I have not found room for myself. Besides, the 
 Year has advanced so fast, that there is not Time left for 
 me to recieve an Answer to a Letter wrote now, early enough 
 to embark before the Winters sets in ; tho I should venture 
 much if I should meet with a good Ship, especially a Man of 
 War. I must therefore rely upon what I have allready 
 wrote & your Lordships kind offices therein. 
 
 It seems to me that my going to England is quite neces- 
 sary for the improvement of the good disposition of the 
 Minister towards me. Without an interview, there will be 
 no End of doubts & difficulties, especially as my Ideas of an 
 advantageous settlement lay a great stress upon health & the 
 means to preserve it, a good Climate. I also want ease & 
 rest, having been greatly too much overworked for 3 Years 
 past, & I begin to feel it. I had therefore rather return to 
 my old Goverment of New Jersey with a Salary of i5oo£ a 
 Year (no more than is allowed to the Government of Nova 
 Scotia) than go to a Southern or West indian Government 
 (Barbadoes excepted) of twice or thrice the Value. And I 
 should think this might be effected by advancing Gov^ Frank- 
 lin & allowing an additional Salary to that Government. As 
 for my staying in this Government with an additional Salary, 
 It would depend upon the treatment the People are to meet 
 with here. If I was upon the spot where I could know what 
 is to be done with this Goverment, I could quickly tell how ^ 
 advisable it would be for me to continue in it ; & if I should 
 be asked my opinion what should be done I might propose 
 measures which would make my return to it by no means 
 advisable. For tho' I conform to the Constitution of the 
 Government, as it is at present my Duty, yet I cant be blind 
 to its defects & the ill consequences which proceed from thence ; 
 
 ' Followed by "to," then crossed off. 
 
WISHES TO LEAVE BOSTON 163 
 
 & if I am called upon I must speak out. Upon the whole 
 
 my having leave to go to England seems to be the first step 
 
 to be taken. 
 
 June 30. 
 
 I have this day recieved the ^ answer of the House, wherein 
 they refuse to comply with the terms of the Kings requisi- 
 tion in a manner which will give great offence at home. I 
 am also abused by them, altho' I have been meerly ministerial 
 in this business. I have therefore prorogued them to day & 
 shall dissolve them to morrow by proclamation. I expect 
 great resentment from England against this Town & province, 
 & that much confusion will arise here & perhaps there may 
 be an actual insurrection. Upon these accounts Leave for 
 me to go to England becomes more & more desirable. I 
 wTite fully to my Lord Hillsborough, & upon that Account 
 must shorten this as I must make up my packet for a Ship 
 which is to sail to morrow. 
 
 I am with great &c 
 The Right Hon ble 
 The Lord Viscount Barrington 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD 2 
 
 Cavendish Square Aug^ ii'.'^ 1768. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 In my last Letter to you I made you an offer from Lord 
 Hillsborough of the Lieu- Government of Virginia if it were 
 agreable to you : but an Event has since happen'd which 
 put an end to this Plan. The Representations of that Colony 
 to the King and Parliament shew such an alarming disposi- 
 tion there, that it was thought necessary a Governor and a 
 
 ' First written "an," then changed to "the." 
 
 ^ "Bernard Papers," vol. xi (Correspondence), p. 277. 
 
1 64 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 man of great distinction should reside there. Sir Jeflfery 
 Amherst declining to go to America in that capacity, Lord 
 Botetourt has been appointed in his room, a man every way 
 fit for the business he has undertaken. I hope this will not 
 prove a disappointment to you, and that some other advan- 
 tagious establishment will be found out for you in case Boston 
 continues a disagreable Government, of which there is but 
 too much appearance. 
 
 It is now evident to all the world that the Civil Magistrate 
 in the Massachusets should be assisted by troops, in main- 
 taing Peace & supporting Law. The Regiments in North 
 America being thro' a most fatal Policy dispersed so, as that 
 no considerable number can be assembled, two Regiments 
 are going from Ireland to that part of the world ; but of this 
 I need say no more, as your publick dispatches will fully 
 apprize you of it. 
 
 I understand from Lord Hillsborough that in your dis- 
 patches you mention leaving your Government on account 
 of health or something of that sort, but in the present junc- 
 ture I am persuaded you will not stir from thence on any 
 Account tho' you have leave of absence. I know & lament 
 the uneasyness of your situation and hope in God it will not 
 long continue. I am with my best Comp! to all my Cousins 
 Dear Sir 
 
 Your Excellency's 
 
 most faithful & obed? Servant 
 
 Barrington. 
 
TROOPS TO BOSTON 165 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTONi 
 
 Boston July 11 1768 
 My Lord 
 
 I wrote to your Lordship the 2(f' inst* a Letter which 
 went to New York for the Packet ; and a duplicate went the 
 next Monday for Glascow. I now take an Opportunity of 
 sending to your Lordship Copies of the Papers relating to 
 the Dissolution of the Assembly as they are printed in the 
 Newspapers. This Business went off easier than I expected, 
 partly from its being previously known and partly by my 
 dismissing the Assembly by Prorogation & dissolving them 
 afterwards by Proclamation. 
 
 But the Crisis is still to come : Death has been denounced 
 against those who are concerned in bringing Troops here : 
 and yet I beleive one Regiment at least is now ordered from 
 Halifax. I have kept clear of being concerned in it by the 
 Indulgence of Gen' Gage who knows my Situation; but it 
 will not follow that I shall not be charged with it. However 
 I must take Care of myself as well as I can ; and if I can't 
 stand my Ground I must go to the Castle, which is now be- 
 come a Place of Security, tho' in a Manner without a Garri- 
 son, having a 50 Gun Ship two 16 Gun Sloops & two armed 
 Cutters stationed about it. Few Weeks will determine this 
 Affair. 
 
 I am &c 
 The Right honble 
 The Lord Viscount Barrington 
 
 } "Bernard Papers," vol. vi (Letter Book), p. 132. 
 
1 66 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD ^ 
 
 Cavendish Square 6^^ Septem' 1768. 
 Dear Sir 
 
 As this Packet will carry you a Duplicate of the Letter 
 which I wrote to You by the last ; I have little now to add, 
 except an acknowlegement of your Letter dated the II^^ of 
 July : And an Account of Sir Jeff ery Amherst's resignation 
 of the Regiments he commanded. This event has given 
 great concern to the King, & to every body who serves him ; 
 for Sir Jeffery is universally respected & valued. - - - You 
 may be assured there was the strongest intention to shew him 
 every mark of regard ; And I really think that if Sir Jeffery's 
 own mind could have approved the offer made him, & which 
 it was thought he had accepted, of a Pension for life out of 
 the Americaii 4^ per Cents, equal to what the Government 
 of Virginia brought him in, no man living, of the least degree 
 of common Sense, would have blamed Sir Jeffery, or thought 
 him ill used : Be that as it may, I very much lament what 
 has happened. 
 
 God grant that we may have speedy Accounts of Boston's 
 
 being quiet: but I shall not expect that tranquillity there 
 
 will be of long continuance, unless some legal example be 
 
 made of persons concern'd in the late violences committed 
 
 there. I am with great truth & regard 
 
 Dear Sir 
 
 Your most faithful 
 
 humble Servant, 
 
 Barrington 
 His Excellency 
 
 Governor Bernard 
 
 &c &c. 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. xi (Correspondence), p. 293. 
 
THE SOLDIERS 167 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD HARRINGTON * 
 
 Boston, July 20, 1768 
 My Lord — 
 
 We continue in the same uncertain Situation now as when 
 I wrote last : the Crisis waits for the arrival of Troops ; & I 
 now learn that there are none coming. Gen^ Gage has now 
 inaformed me that his orders to HaHf ax are that ^ the Troops 
 shall be collected & kept in readiness, but are not to move 
 till I require them. I answer that then they will never move : 
 for I shall not make such a requisition without the Advice 
 of Council; & I never expect to obtain that; neither their 
 popular Constitution nor the present intimidation will permit 
 it. He says that Troops never are sent to quell Riots & Tu- 
 mults but at the desire of the Civil Power. I admit it; & 
 say that I sh*^ never think of sending to New York or Hali- 
 fax for Troops to quell a Riot at Boston : the Business must 
 be over before they can arrive; & no Troops can be of any 
 Service in quelling a Riot or a Tumult, that are not previously 
 quartered near the Place. 
 
 In Short, my Lord, Troops are not wanted here to quell 
 a Riot or a Tumult, but to rescue the Government out of the 
 hands of a trained mob, & to restore the Activity of the Civil 
 Power, which is now entirely obstructed. And if an open 
 Defiance of the Authority of Great Britain; a persecution 
 of all those who are supposed to be maintainers of that 
 Authority ; The Expulsion of the King's Commissioners ap- 
 pointed under the great Seal in pursuance of an Act of Par- 
 liament out of the Town where they have been Stationed by 
 the King's Authority; & obliging them to take refuge in a 
 
 1 " Bernard Papers," vol. vi (Letter Book), p. 136. 
 
 ^ At this point in the original there is what appears to be a period. 
 
1 68 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 Castle & there remain under the Protection of Men of War 
 for want of better Security ; If all these are not sufficient to 
 show the Expediency of quartering Troops at Boston, we 
 must wait till it becomes more apparent. 
 
 In truth, The sending Troops to Boston sh^ be a Business 
 of quartering, of Cantonment: it is now no secret that this 
 ought to have been done two years & a half ago. If it had, 
 there would have been no opposition to Parliament now, & 
 above all no such Combination as threatnens (but I hope 
 vainly) the Overthrow of the British Empire. If Provision 
 was to have been made against Faction & Sedition, the head 
 quarters should have been secured. Instead of which Regi- 
 ments have been sent into Quarters at Philadelphia &new 
 Jersey where the People are principled in peace & Submission 
 to civil Order ; & Boston has been left under the uninterrupted 
 Dominion of a Faction supported by a trained mob from 
 Aug®' 14, 1765 to this present July 23, 1768 
 
 And now all the Burthen is to be laid upon me and, as if 
 I was not at present sufficiently loaded with Dangers & Diffi- 
 culties, I alone am to be made answerable to the Fury of the 
 People for introducing Troops here illegally & unconstitu- 
 tionally ; for so they will call the requiring them without the 
 Advice of Council. Otherwise I am to be made answerable 
 to the King for all the ill Consequences which shall follow 
 the Want of Troops here. I must say that this bringing me 
 between two Fires is very hard ; and I would add very cruel, 
 if I was not convinced that it did not arise from any Intention 
 to hurt me : for I am well assured that Gen Gage has none 
 but friendly Intentions towards me; tho' possibly he may 
 act in this Business with too much Caution, or probably may 
 be confined in his general Orders. 
 
 To discharge myself as well as I can of being answerable 
 
THE SOLDIERS 169 
 
 for Consequences I have ordered a general Council to meet 
 on Wednesday next when I shall lay before them the Sub- 
 stance of Gen' Gages Letters, and require them to give me 
 their Advice whether I shall or shall not send for the Troops 
 which the Gen' has ordered to be ready at Hahfax: And 
 according to their Advice I will act. I should not have chosen 
 to have made this Communication ; for I expect little Assist- 
 ance from a Council popular & timid ; And I have but lately 
 tried them upon this very Question : but ^ I am drove into 
 this Measure. As soon as the Determination is over, I shall 
 acquaint Lord Hillsborough with it: In the mean Time I 
 have thought it proper to state this Business to your Lord- 
 ship, that if it should be brought upon the Carpet to my Dis- 
 advantage your Lordship may be informed of the true State 
 
 of the Case. 
 
 I am &c 
 The Right honble 
 
 The L'' Vise' Barrington 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON 2 
 
 TVT T Boston July 30 1768 
 
 My Lord j j o i 
 
 According to the Notice I gave you in my Letter of July 20 
 I have laid the Proposal of Gen' Gage before a very full Coun- 
 cil, & upon putting the Question whether I should or should 
 not require Troops of Gen' Gage, it past in the Negative 
 unanimously, as indeed I expected it would. But tho' I was 
 prepared for this Answer, I was not for the high Strain of the 
 present Popularity with which this Question was treated; 
 from whence I am, convinced that I am no longer to depend 
 upon the Council for the Support of the small Remains of royal 
 & parliamentary Power now left ; the whole of which has been 
 gradually impeached arraigned & condemned under my Eye. 
 1 First written "for," 2 "Bernard Papers," vol. vi (Letter Book), p. 139. 
 
I70 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 It is now 3 Years since the popular Power, which now 
 prevails first raised its head : I have constantly give Notice 
 of every Step it has made, & have given my Opinion that 
 there was no internal Power in this Government which could 
 prevent its gaining all real Power. I have myself done every 
 thing I could to stop its Progress & by my Negativing Power 
 kept it from prevailing in the Council. But it is all over 
 now: the indifference which has been shown in England to 
 the checking the Demagogues of America for so long a Time 
 has at length so effectually discouraged the Friends of Govern- 
 ment, that they have been gradually falling off, 'till at length 
 the Cause is become desperate. The Vote in the House 
 against rescinding, which was carried by so large a Majority 
 gave the precise Turn to the Council; and now I see that 
 popular Leaders & popular Measures will wholly prevail in 
 that Body in which I have hitherto boasted that I have kept 
 the Enemy from prevailing. 
 
 I have wrote to my Lord Hillsborough giving him a par- 
 ticular Account of ^ all the Proceedings about requiring Troops 
 hither, with Copies of all Papers relative thereto. But I 
 desire by no Means to be understood to blame Gen' Gage, 
 whom I consider to be very friendly to me. I make no Doubt 
 but he can as well vindicate himself for not sending Troops 
 here without my Requisition as I can for not requiring them 
 without the Advice of Council. All I desire is that we may 
 both appear to have acted right. As the Settling these 
 Provincial Disputes will take up Time, and I am become very 
 heterogeneous to the present prevailing System, I should 
 be glad to retire a little, till it can be determined how I can 
 be disposed of : for surely I have for 3 Years served in a very 
 hard Warfare. I am &c 
 
 The L*^ Vise* Barrington 
 
 * First written "about." 
 
THE SOLDIERS 171 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD ^ 
 
 Beckett October the 3^ 1768 
 Dear Sm; 
 
 Since my last I am to acknowlege your Letters of the 
 20 & 3o^'' of July. I agree entirely with your reasonings 
 about sending Troops to Boston : The late Violences made 
 it proper to send them, orders went accordingly to General 
 Gage, but he had not received those orders when you wrote 
 the above mention'd Letters to me. He was right in not 
 sending any Troops without either orders or requisition. I 
 find near three Regiments are assembled at Halifax, & two 
 saild from Ireland the 10*^^ of last month. I hope this will 
 furnish a sufficient Strength for you ; but when they come, 
 how will you quarter them, or where will you find a Civil 
 Magistrate to use them ? If the Act for quartering Troops 
 in N. America had been alter'd as I proposed, the first difii- 
 culty would not have existed : I hope you will be able to re- 
 move the Second difficulty. 
 
 I long to hear that things are quiet, I mean permanently 
 quiet in your part of the world, & I wish it may be without 
 any bloodshed. Believe me ever 
 
 Dear Sir 
 Your Excellency's 
 most faithful & 
 Cannot a Governor make most obedient Servant 
 
 what Justices he pleases, & Barrington. 
 
 is he not himself a civil Magistrate ? 
 The Commissioners of the Customs at Boston 
 may also be Justices of the Peace and act as such, both for 
 quartering & directing the Troops : At least I conceive they 
 may. 
 
 ^"Bernard Papers," vol. xi (Correspondence), p. 319. 
 
172 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON^ 
 
 Boston Aug 27 1768 
 My Lord 
 
 I am honoured with your Lordship's Letter of May 9*^ 
 which arrived at Boston the 20^^ of Aug. that is 14 Weeks 
 after it left London. I mention this that there may be no 
 Imputation of Negligence in me in not acknowedging the 
 Favour by the earliest Opportunity. 
 
 I am truly sensible of the high Honour I receive from my 
 Lord Hillsboroughs Estimation of me and your Lordship's 
 Attention to improve it in the best Manner for my Advantage. 
 The unexpected Offer of a Title strikes me too forcibly not 
 to occasion some Deliberation. If indeed it was to be de- 
 termined by myself upon selfish Considerations, I should 
 have no Doubt of declining it. But in a Business of so great 
 Concern to my Family others are to be consulted besides 
 myself. M^ Bernard is at present at a mineral Spring 90 
 Miles from hence to which she has been sent by her Physi- 
 cians. I have also an intimate Friend & Relation in England 
 who has my Intrests so much at her Heart, that I can't 
 excuse myself advising with her. So, my Lord, you must 
 not be surprised, if by making Use of a female Council I 
 should be led into an Act of Vanity. But at present I think 
 the Objections I have to accepting the Honour are unsur- 
 mountable. If I consult my poHtical Friends about accept- 
 ing this Honour, I know they will labour for the affirmative 
 with great Earnestness upon poHtical Considerations. It 
 will be urged that the conferring this Honour on me will 
 afford a true and proper Triumph over those Enemies which 
 my Adherence to the Rights of Great Britain has created ; 
 ^ "Bernard Papers," vol. vi (Letter Book), p. 141. 
 
THE BARONETCY 173 
 
 that it will hold out a Light to other Governors and Crown 
 Officers and teach them that their true Intrest leads to ad- 
 hering to their Duty and not temporising at the Expence of the 
 Rights of the Crown ; and that it will tend to cast a Disgrace 
 upon the Faction which has of late prevailed here, and to 
 lower its Estimate with the People of the Country. I own, 
 my Lord, that these Arguments will have some Weight with 
 me, who am used to consider every Event, with its Relation 
 to the Service of the Crown. You see, my Lord that it is 
 impossible for me to come to a Resolution at present, and 
 therefore I can only desire your Lordship to present my most 
 respectful and grateful Compl*^ to my L'* Hillsborough and 
 to beg his Indulgence of further Time for to consider of the 
 Propriety of my accepting the great Honour he intends for 
 me. 
 
 In Regard to the Government of Virginia I have much less 
 Difficulty or indeed none at all. It is certainly much more 
 valuable than this, even tho' the contingent Profits, which 
 this has been deprived of for 3 Years past & more, should 
 be restored. I speak this upon a Presumption that the 
 Lieutenancy will be held upon the same Terms with the 
 principal as it was by M'' Fauquier ; which I understand was 
 by paying 1500 pounds sterlf in England clear of all Charges. 
 As for the Title of Lieut Gov"^ it matters not whether the 
 Governor is called his Honor or his Excell^ ; tho if it signified 
 any Thing the latter Title might be given to the Lieut Gov' 
 by a special Commission that should not be derogotary to 
 the Commission in cheif : and I have often wondered it was 
 not done ; as this is in Effect a principal Government. The 
 Gov"' of Maryland has long ago taken the Title of his Excell*^, 
 by what Authority I dont know, unless it is by a Commission 
 from his Majesty: for surely a Proprietor can confer no 
 
174 BARRINGTON-BERNAKD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 such Title. As for the Climate which your Lordship knows 
 is a principal Consideration with me, cheifly upon Account 
 of M"^ Bernard, I have learned enough to satisfy me that tho 
 it is too southerly, it is not unhealthy and will probably suit 
 with her. I must therefore desire your Lordship to signify 
 my most grateful Acceptance of this Offer for the present; 
 by which I mean a Reserve of Liberty to apply for something 
 else, if I should be disappointed in the Climate or Income of 
 this Government. If I am not, I may probably set down 
 with Pleasure for the rest of my Life : for it is high Time that 
 my Peregrination should be determined : 
 
 It will be extremely agreeable to me to be succeeded here 
 by the L* Gov"^, as indeed it will upon many Accounts pro- 
 mote his Majesty's Service. Such an Appointment will 
 effectually discourage the Faction, who are more inveterate 
 against him than against me ; and are most offended at me 
 for taking his Part ; And it will afford another great Instance 
 of rewarding faithful Servants of the Crown. I shall treat 
 this with all the Confidentiality your Lordship recommends, 
 and shall not acquaint him with the Assurance I have of 
 this Intention. But I must tell him that I hope and expect 
 that he will succeed me ; as it will be necessary to enter 
 into Concert with him about many Matters previous to this 
 Change, and to take his Opinion concerning several Regu- 
 lations which I have had in my Thoughts to propose. 
 
 I shall avail myself of Leave to return with aU due Ex- 
 pedition ; Many Things both public & private concur in mak- 
 ing it expedient. I have not yet received my L*^ Hillsborough's 
 Letter for that Purpose; the June Packet is not come in, 
 tho it is now ii Weeks since it left London: It is become a 
 most dilatory Conveyance. I now communicate to your 
 Lordship my Sentiments as they arise: when I have the 
 
VIRGINIA 175 
 
 Honour to wait upon your Lordship I shall determine upon 
 every Point. The Question of the Government may receive 
 a considerable alteration if Gen' Amherst should require new 
 Terms from the new Lieut*, which might impair the Bene- 
 ficiality. But I dont expect it as it would probably open 
 a Door for Disputes which had better be avoided. 
 
 I am &c 
 
 The Right honble 
 
 The Lord Vise' Barrington 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD » 
 
 Cavendish Square Nov^ the i^ 1768. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I am to acknowlege your Letter of the 27*^ of August, 
 the last received, and the only one unanswered. 
 
 I have before acquainted you of the necessity of sending 
 a Governor to Virginia which has put an End to the Idea of 
 your succeeding MF Fauquier. The unexpected and ex- 
 traordinary behaviour of the Council and assembly of that 
 Province, made it thought necessary to send a man of Quality 
 thither in a more eminent station than has been usual for 
 many years past. The News Papers &c have assigned other 
 reasons for Lord Botetourt's appointment; but without the 
 least ground. He never had an Idea of going to America 
 till it was proposed to him. I hope some other good thing 
 will soon open for you, and the Title is ready whenever you 
 are on the whole inclined to accept it. 
 
 You mention in the Letter I am now answering, an intention 
 of making use of the discretional leave sent You by Lord 
 Hillsborough, tho' not then received : When this leave was 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. xii (Correspondence), p. 5. 
 
176 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 granted, the Province under your Government was tolerably 
 quiet ; but the Riots which have since happen'd, the ^ Re- 
 bellion in September last, and the expected arrival of the 
 Troops who will stand in great need of your Excellency at 
 their arrival and in their proceedings, will undoubtedly keep 
 you at Boston till better times. I most sincerely feel for 
 your difficulties and distresses there ; but it is such a situation 
 that shews Virtues & talents in their true Hght. I am with 
 my best Comp? to all my Cousins 
 Dear Sir 
 Your Excellency's 
 most faithful & 
 
 most obedient Servant 
 
 Barrington. 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD 2 
 
 Cavendish Square NovF 9*!* 1768 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 The Packett having been delay'd I have an opportunity 
 of congratulating you on the happy & quiet landing of the 
 troops at Boston, and the universal approbation your steady 
 and able conduct has obtaind. I need add nothing to my 
 letter of last week which will go by this conveyance but a 
 repetition of my being with great truth & Esteem 
 
 Dear Sir 
 Sir Jeff. Amherst has Your most faithful 
 
 return'd to the Army to & most obedient Servant 
 
 my great satisfaction. Barrington. 
 
 ^ First written "particularly the." 
 
 * "Bernard Papers," vol. xii (Correspondence), p. 9. 
 
THE TROOPS AT BOSTON 177 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON 
 
 Boston Oct' 20 1768 
 My Lord 
 
 I deferred writing to your Lordship on the Subject of 
 Lord Botetourt's Promotion untill I could receive from your 
 Lordship as I expected I should, an Explanation of it. This 
 did not come to my Hand untill 4 Days ago when I received 
 your Letter of Aug 13 by that tedious Conveyance the Packet. 
 I should not deal sincerely with your Lordship if I was to say 
 that it has not proved a Disappointment to me. But I am 
 quite sincere, when I assure your Lordship that it will have 
 no Influence upon my Conduct, & that it will never appear 
 from my Actions that I have received any Disappointment 
 at all. And indeed it will soon wear of^ by my reflecting 
 that it has arose from my Lord Hillsboroughs favorable 
 Intention towards me, which has itself received no Abate- 
 ment, tho' it has been prevented being carried into Execution 
 in the Manner proposed by unforeseen Circumstances. And 
 therefore I should be inexcusable, if I did not dispose myself 
 to wait chearfully for a more suitable Opportunity of it's 
 exerting itself towards me. 
 
 The Expectation of this becoming an agreeable Government, 
 tho at best it would be very unpromising, seems to be entirely 
 cut off by the Disposition which appears in the present Ad- 
 ministration not to carry into Execution M"' Townshend's 
 Act for settling adequate civil Lists for each Government. 
 For if I should reconcile myself to the People which consider- 
 ing the fresh Tasks I have now sat me, is not as yet to be 
 expected, I don't see how I am to be releived in Regard to the 
 Deficiency of my Income, concerning which I sent a Petition 
 
 1 " Bernard Papers," vol. vi (Letter Book), p. 156. 
 
178 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 to the King about 2 Years ago, which by the Act that 
 passed the Session after, I flattered myself had been 
 favorably received. For my own Part I cannot now live 
 upon the Income of my Government, which by Means 
 arising from the Troubles of the Times & the ill Temper 
 of the People is now reduced to under 1000 Guineas a year, 
 as I proved by authentic Vouchers annexed to my Peti- 
 tion. And I suppose it is not intended that the Income 
 of any Government shall fall short of a full Subsistance to 
 the Governor. 
 
 My Idea of M"" Townshend's Plan for settling fixt civil 
 Lists in the Governments is very difl&erent from that which 
 now prevails: and it seems that a Departure from it will 
 be very contrary to the Rules of true Policy. But as I have 
 had more than any Governor whatsoever, an Intrest in its 
 being carried into Execution, I have for that Reason only, 
 avoided expressing my Sentiments upon it. But my Lord I 
 am persuaded that the Time is coming, if not allready come, 
 when the very Opposition to that Establishment, will evince 
 the Necessity of carrying it into Execution. It was some 
 Years before the passing of the Stamp Act that I was con- 
 vinced that establishing certain civil Lists in America was 
 indespensably necessary to the Reformation & Regulation 
 of the Governments. This is become much more so now 
 than it has been heretofore: and if the Perverseness of the 
 Americans in their Treatment of the supreme Legislature 
 should oblige the Ministry in Order to vindicate the Authority 
 of Parliament to carry this Act into its full Execution it 
 would be an happy Effect of a bad Cause. For if it is not 
 executed the Want of it will often be felt. In this Province 
 particularity, the Want of Pay for proper Officers will be 
 found among the cheif Causes of the Imbecilhty of Government. 
 
COLONIAL REGULATION 179 
 
 If Punishments & Rewards are the two Hinges of Govern- 
 ment, as Politicians say, this Government is off of its Hinges; 
 for it can neither punish nor reward. In short my Lord if 
 this Act should be laid aside either by Repeal or Non- Execu- 
 tion, we shall have Reason to be sorry that it ever passed. 
 For the Disappointment of it will cast such a Damp upon the 
 few People which remain faithful to the King, that he will 
 soon be without Servants. The Laws of Trade will be ex- 
 ecuted, because there the Officers are paid. But in all other 
 Departments of civil Policy the Service of the Crown will 
 be defeated: for it cannot be expected that Officers should 
 act in Opposition to the Humours of the People on the Behalf 
 of the Crown, when they are left by the Crown to the People 
 for scanty & precarious Salaries. 
 
 We have got two Reg'^ from Halifax landed at Boston: 
 those from Ireland are not yet come in. So that the Per- 
 sons of the Crown Officers are safe as I beleive ; tho' that is 
 still doubted. But Security alone will not restore the Au- 
 thority of Government; especially as the Council has now 
 gone over to the People, thinking, as I suppose, the Cause 
 of the Crown to be desperate. And indeed the long Delay 
 of parliamentary Resentment & of military Protection to- 
 gether with the non-execution of the Salary Act has caused 
 a General Despondency. And this will be compleat if it is 
 confirmed, as I have just now heard that the Charter of this 
 Government is still considered as sacred. For most assuredly 
 if the Charter is not so far altered as to put the Appointment 
 of the Council in the King, this Government will never recover 
 itself. When Order is restored it will be at best but a Re- 
 public, of which the Governor will be no more than President. 
 I have sent My Lord H Matter enough to support this As- 
 sertion; I have still more of the same Kind to follow. I 
 
i8o BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 shall herewith enclose some printed Papets to this Pur- 
 pose. 
 
 As for my Voyage to England, I had fixed upon the Ship 
 & the Day of sailing ; when about a fortnight before the Day 
 I received a long Letter from Lord Hillsborough which con- 
 tained Orders of such a Kind that I could not but consider 
 it as a Suspension of my Leave. This Letter also brought the 
 first Advice of Lord Botetourt's Promotion, I thereupon 
 sat down (with an heavy Heart I must own) to spend another 
 Winter here & how much more I know not, under the gloomy 
 Prospect of encreasing Trouble & decreasing Health & For- 
 tune. In this Temper I wrote to my Lord Hillsborough with 
 as chearful a Countenance as I could. So that by this Time 
 he must be satisfied of my not returning to England. 
 
 I have often reflected with Concern upon what your Lord- 
 ship informed me that there were not lo Persons in either 
 House that were favorable to an American Representation. 
 I conceive it to be unfortunate for Great Britain that this 
 Expedient meets with no better a Reception. For it seems 
 to me that this Measure is not only the most proper to remove 
 the Causes of the present Dissentions ; but that an incorporat- 
 ing Union is the only Provision which can prevent a Separation 
 of the Colonies from Great Britain. If it is not done soon, 
 it wiU be too late ; & a Separation will take Place at no great 
 Distance of Time. I shall enclose an Extract of a Letter to 
 me from a Member of Parliament well acquainted with 
 America, observing that his Opinion & mine was not taken one 
 from another ; but we were each confirmed in it before we 
 knew the other's Opinion. 
 
 I am &c 
 The Right honble The 
 Lord Visc^ Barrington 
 
SOUTH CAROLINA i8i 
 
 P S Oct 29 
 
 I am just now informed from ^ Letters now arrived that the 
 Government of S Carolina is at this Time proposed for me. 
 I have in former Letters particularly excepted to that Govern- 
 ment, not upon Account of the Value but the Climate. But 
 as your Lordship may not have this in Memory, I think it 
 proper to repeat my Reasons why I must desire to decline it. 
 I have made myself so well acquainted with the Nature of 
 that Country, that I am persuaded it would deprive me of 
 two of the greatest Comforts of my Life, my Health & my 
 Wife. The former indeed would depend upon a Trial : 
 but the latter would have none ; for I could not ask her to go 
 with me. And as after 27 Years Cohabitation, We are still 
 as desirous to continue together as we were the first Day, 
 I cannot consider an Appointment which will separate us as 
 a Reward or an Advancement, tho my own Health was out 
 of the Question. 
 
 By my Letter of June 29*^^ last I informed your Lordship how 
 great a Stress I laid upon an healthy Climate in my Idea of 
 a good Government. And I added that I had rather return 
 to my old Government of New Jersey with a Salary of 
 ^1500 a year (no more than that of Nova Scotia) than go to 
 any other Government, Barbadoes excepted. Now, my Lord, 
 if the Vacancy of S Carolina could be made the Means of 
 removing Gov' Franklin, & Means could be found to encrease 
 the Salary of New Jersey to the Sum before mentioned or 
 nearly towards the same, I should be better pleased with it 
 than with a much larger Income in a worse Country. The 
 present Salary allowed to the Gov' of New Jersey is ^720 or 
 ^ 750, 1 am not certain which. The Assembly might be induced 
 to raise it to 900 : & if 600 or 500 could be added from the 
 
 1 First written "by." 
 
i82 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 American Treasury it would quite compleat my Wishes. I 
 still love the Place & am still beloved by the People. M'* B 
 begs Leave to join in Compl^^ to your Lordship. She has 
 greatly recovered her Health by the Use of a mineral Spring 
 in Connecticut & continual riding on Horseback 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD » 
 
 Cavendish Square Jan: 2^. 1769. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I have received your Excellency's Letter of the 22^ Oct.^ 
 and the Duplicate. All your Letters convey to me very un- 
 favourable Ideas of your part of the World : There is only one 
 comfortable circumstance, which is that the troops are quietly 
 lodged in Boston. This will for a time preserve the publick 
 Peace, and sr :ure the persons of the few who are well affected 
 to the mother Country. I wish there were a better prospect 
 of such measures at home, as will tend to preserve the Obedi- 
 ence of the Colonies, and such have been proposed ; I can 
 moreover assure you that they have been relish'd by the 
 majority of the Cabinet ; but by some fatal catastrophe, two 
 or three men there, with less ability, less credit, less authority 
 & less responsibility than the rest, have carry'd their point 
 and produced that flimsey unavailing Address which has past 
 the Lords, has been sent down for concurrence to the Com- 
 mons, and which will be considered by them after the Holy 
 days. I think there is a bare possibility that it may be 
 amended in that House of Parliament. I think however it 
 is determin'd by all the ministers, not to repeal Mf Town- 
 shends Acts till the Colonies have submitted thoroughly to 
 them. 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. xii (Correspondence), p. 33. 
 
 2 There is no letter dated Oct. 22, 1768. This should read October 20. 
 
AS TO REMOVAL 183 
 
 The Picture I have drawn of things here will not encrease 
 your inclination to remain at Boston. I earnestly wish you 
 were removed to some other Government; or provided for 
 at home to which your Services abroad give you the justest 
 claim. I have said & shall say this at all proper times & to 
 all proper persons. I am fully instructed as to your wishes 
 concerning other Governments, except that I am not clear 
 whether you should like Barbadoes if it were to become vacant ; 
 and in that respect I beg full & clear information. You may be 
 assured that I shall do you every good office in my power, 
 according to your own Plan. As to S. Carolina it is not vacant, 
 or likely to become so, & I well remember 'd your sentiments 
 concerning that province. 
 
 I beg you will present my best Complim*? to M"? Bernard 
 and to all my Cousins. I wish them & you many happy years 
 and am with the most perfect regard Dear Sir 
 
 Your Excellency's 
 most faithful & 
 most obedient humble Serv. 
 Barrington. 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD ^ 
 
 Private 
 
 Cavendish Square 12^'' Feb^" 1769. 
 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 There were no Packets on this Side the Atlantick the 
 
 first Wednesday of this Month, which has retarded my writing 
 
 till I could inform you that the Resolutions which so long ago 
 
 came down from the House of Peers, were agreed to by the 
 
 Commons : I mean the Resolutions concerning America ; 
 
 * "Bernard Papers," vol. xii (Correspondence), p. 49. 
 
l84 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 concluding with an Address, which tho' voted by the two 
 Houses, I beUeve is not approved by five Men in either : Some 
 thinking it too much & others too little in the present Crisis. 
 I am one of those who think the measure futile & in no respect 
 adequate. I am convinced the Town Meeting at Boston 
 which assembled the States of the Province against the King's 
 Authority, & armed the People to resist his forces, was guilty 
 of high Crimes & Misdemeanors, if not of Treason ; And that 
 M'' Otis the Moderator (as he is improperly called) of that 
 Meeting together with the Selectmen of Boston who signed the 
 Letters convoking the Convention, should be impeach'd. 
 This would convey terror to the Wicked & factious Spirits all 
 over the Continent, & would shew that the Subjects of Great 
 Britain must not rebel with impunity anywhere. Five or 
 Six Examples are sufficient ; And it is right they should be 
 made in Boston, the Only place where there has been actual 
 Crime ; for as to the Opinions almost universaly held thor- 
 oughout America, concerning the Claim of Taxation, I think 
 every man has a right to judge & to speak his Judgement 
 concerning Laws, tho' he hs no right to disobey them. It 
 also seems to me that the Council of Boston which has opposed 
 the calling for Troops & the Quartering of them ; which pub- 
 lished their answer to the Governour before they had made it, 
 and their proceedings without his knowlege & consent, 
 should no longer be Democraticaly elected; but, like all 
 other Councils be appointed by the Crown. Any measures 
 short of these seem to me trifling and dangerous. 
 
 We have at last expelled M"^ Wilkes : He will be rechosen 
 for Middlesex, and then declared incapable of sitting in this 
 Parliament according to precedent, after which the County 
 must elect some other person. His Cause seems however 
 drooping very fast, and will I am persuaded be soon forgotten. 
 
AMERICAN AFFAIRS 185 
 
 Tho' he has been twice chosen Alderman of London, his 
 Brethren will not let him sit among them, if they can help it, 
 and I am told they can. 
 
 I am with my best Comp! to all my Cousins Dear Sir 
 P S Your Excellency's 
 
 March, i. 1769 most faithful & 
 
 There will be a Cabinet most obedient Servant 
 
 on American affairs in a Barrington. 
 
 few days when whatever is or is 
 not to be done will be fixt. The Packett 
 can be kept no longer and goes off to day. 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD 1 
 
 Cavendish Square 21^^ March 1769. 
 Private. 
 
 Dear Sir 
 
 I am very sorry to inform your Excellency that there is no 
 hope that any thing more effectual in regard to North America 
 will be done in Parliament this Session : Vigorous and proper 
 measures have been propos'd to the Cabinet, but it is under- 
 stood they have met with Negatives there. I was directed 
 to bring in the Short Act of last Year for continuing the 
 American Mutiny Act without alteration or addition : I 
 propos'd in the Committee a Clause, of which I send you a 
 Copy: Court & Opposition who have never agreed in any 
 thing else, joined in rejecting my Proposal. The duty I owe 
 to the Crown, the State, the Parliament & the Army, required 
 me to endeavour that the Mutiny Act in America should be 
 executed; the conduct of the Justices and the Council of 
 Boston has shewn it may be evaded. I am as little desirous 
 
 '"Bernard Papers," vol. xii (Correspondence), p. 65. 
 
i86 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 as any man, that Troops should be quartered in private 
 houses; nor was that the intention of my Clause, but to engage 
 the Americans to Quarter them according to the Act, by 
 shewing that if they did not, worse inconveniences would 
 happen to themselves than hireing empty houses and furnish- 
 ing Bedding &c? I confess I do not see how the Troops will in 
 several places be put under cover after this tame acquiescence 
 of Parliament in the disobedience of the Town of Boston, in 
 respect to Quartering those which are there: Nothing but the 
 happy expedient of appointing Commissaries, which occurred 
 to You last Autumn could have procured legal Cover for them 
 even at the expence of Great Britain. 
 
 MF Pownal formerly Governeur of the Massachussets 
 Bay, and Mf Garth who is Agent for one of the Colonies, 
 (both Members of ParUament) propos'd two Clauses which 
 you will see in the Copy of the New American Mutiny Act, 
 just pass'd, which I herewith enclose : I like them very well, 
 & I think they would have produced good effects, if my Clause 
 had been accepted likewise; but I have no conception, as 
 things now stand, that any Man in America will take one 
 Voluntary Step towards Quartering the Troops at the expence 
 of the Colonies. I trouble your Excellency with these matters 
 the more readily, as the being early apprized of them will 
 enable you the better to give that assistance to the Troops at 
 Boston which the present Circumstances will allow. 
 
 I was acquainted two or three days ago with the opinion of 
 Government that the next Pacquet ought not to sail for 
 America without carrying out to You some mark of the 
 King's favour that might shew his approbation of your conduct; 
 and that it was therefore determined to create You a Baronet 
 immediately. I well remember your indifference, to say the 
 least, in respect to Honours of that kind; as likewise the 
 
SIR FRANCIS BERNARD jg^ 
 
 peculiar deUcacy of your Situation wl>ich you sometime since 
 commumcated to me: but I thought on the whole such a 
 Spontaneous mark of Royal favour bestowed at this juncture 
 should not meet with obstruction from Your friends. I was 
 hen asked how you were to be described in the Patent 
 I had recourse to M- Blackborne, by whose advice I gave the 
 followmg description. Francis Bernard oj NeUleham in the 
 County of Lincoln Esquire: The Patent is passing, and is 
 already so far advanced, that I may safely wish You & 
 Lady Bernard joy. I hope this will soon be followed by 
 somewhat of a more solid Nature. You are entitled to a 
 great deal, and the worthy intelligent part of Mankind will 
 not thml. your Services overpaid by any rewards you may 
 
 'Zut /n'''™ ;'^'" '"' '^^' ""^ ^■'^ of 'his matter 
 shall be fully explamed to M» Berresford by Mr Tackson 
 
 and M- Blackborne. I had almost forgot to add tjatte 
 
 expence of your Patent will be paid by the Crown; a thing 
 
 very unusual, and therefore the more honourable. I am 
 
 & regLr"""'' '" "'''""'''' "^ ^^°°- ^ ^^ ""■ S^*^' '^"'h 
 
 D'Sir 
 
 Your Excellency's 
 most faithful & 
 obedient humble Servant 
 Baerington. 
 
1 88 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD HARRINGTON ^ 
 
 Boston Feb 20 1769 
 My Lord 
 
 I must appear negligent in not writing to your Lordship of 
 late but I assure you that it is not for Want of Respect or 
 Attention to Business. I am hard worked every way; & in 
 writing I have none but myself & my third Son, who having 
 taken his Degree of A.B. I am obliged to employ as a Copyist, 
 not daring to trust Strangers. An Answer to your last could 
 not have gone before, if it had been immediately wrote after 
 their Receipt. 
 
 The Affair of Virginia has long ago been settled in my 
 Mind. As for the Title I see great Difficulties in declining 
 it which did not attend the first Proposal. Many private 
 Letters from London, which have been published in the 
 Newspapers, mention an Intention to make me a Baronet, so 
 that it has generally gained Credit. And my declaring that 
 I had no Expectation of it (I meant immediate) has been 
 interpreted, that I have refused it. This has made my 
 Friends blame me for neglecting to take this Opportunity to 
 advance my Family; & my Enemies for presuming to refuse 
 his Majesty honours if they were really offered to me. M*^ 
 Temple has made this a Subject of Part of a Libell he has 
 lately published against me, which, as My Lord H has a little 
 Share in it, I shall send to him by my next Packet. I could 
 bear this ; but my Lord H ^ having kindly offered to take off 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. vii (Letter Book), p. 258. There is no letter to 
 Lord Barrington between this and the one of Oct. 20, 1768. Governor Ber- 
 nard, however, wrote an interesting letter to an unknown person during this 
 interval, which will be found in Appendix I, under date of Dec. 23, 1768. 
 
 ''The following, "Bernard Papers," vol. vii (Letter Book), p. 261, is un- 
 doubtedly to the Earl of Hillsborough and is interesting in connection with 
 the above letter and the baronetcy. 
 
TEE BARONETCY 189 
 
 from me the Expence of the Patent, which I have since freely 
 owned will be a Benevolence convenient to me, I know not 
 how to refuse his Favours. I have therefore wrote to him 
 that if his Lordship shall think that such an Appointment will 
 promote his Majesty's Service either in this Station or in any 
 other to which I may be appointed, which I must own I 
 think it may, I shall most thankfully accept of this Honor, 
 if his Majesty shall be pleased to confer it upon me. And I 
 have for this Purpose been forming a Scheme which with a 
 little Help, not unreasonable to request, will provide for an 
 Income to attend upon this Honor. I have not the plan 
 ready now, & If I had, I should not send it, as it it would 
 look like making Terms. 
 
 I have no Thoughts of going from hence 'till after the next 
 Meeting of the Assembly, which will not be, without special 
 Orders, untill the last Day of May. When the Session is 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO THE EARL OF HILLSBOROUGH( ?) 
 
 private 
 
 Boston Jan 26 1769 — 
 My Lord 
 
 I have the highest Sense of the Honor your Lordship has done me by your 
 private Letter of Nov 19'^ & your kind Assurances of your favorable Disposi- 
 tion towards me. The Regret of the Disappointment of your former Intention, 
 was little more than momentary, & soon gave Way to the Calls of my Duty 
 at that critical Time. 
 
 I am extremely obliged to your Lordship for your Offer of freeing me from the 
 Expence of a Baronets Patent, if his Majesty should confer it upon me. This was 
 not a principal Objection with me tho it had some Weight : for since I have been 
 in America now in the 11"* Year, I have made very little Advancement in my 
 Estate, & for near 4 Years past I have gone backwards This your Lordship 
 will easily beleive when I assure you that my Income for some Years past has 
 not exceeded 1,000 Guineas a Year, and I am the first Man in a great Capital. 
 
 I have no Appetite of Honors, but as they are public Testimonials of the 
 King's Approbation of the Conduct of his Servants. In this Sense they are 
 allways desirable, & at some Times 
 
 for the rest of this Letter see the State letters 
 [This is the way the letter ends.) 
 
I90 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 over, if Things are tolerably quiet & I have no particular 
 Commands to execute, I should be glad to go to England so 
 as to arrive there before Winter sets in. But if the Kings 
 Service shall require my staying here I shall chearfully comply. 
 Your Lordship is pleased to signify your Approbation of my 
 Conduct : it is generally allowed that my spirited Message to 
 the Convention contributed greatly to the preventing vio- 
 lent Measures. My Friends here say that it was the boldest 
 Act I have ever yet done ; & indeed I knew if their Delibera- 
 tions has taken another Turn I was to have been seized; 
 & whether my Life would have been spared or not would have 
 been determined by very wicked Men. But it was quite 
 necessary to the Kings Service ; & I did not ballance about the 
 Consequences. 
 
 My Friend M"" Temple as your Lordship has been pleased 
 to call him some Time ago, has got Business enough upon 
 his Hands now, not to need to quarrel with me. The Dis- 
 putes between him & the other 4 Commissioners, which began 
 soon after they arrived here & have improved with their 
 knowledge of him have now got to such a head, that it is de- 
 clared on both Sides that they cannot continue together: 
 that is that the 4 Commissioners who have endeavoured to 
 support their Commission & the Laws by which & for which 
 it was constituted & have acted therein in Concurrence with 
 & with the Advice & Approbation of all the Officers of the 
 Crown, except M"^ Temple himself, must either be removed 
 to keep M' Temple ; or the latter associated with the Party 
 in Opposition to the Government & the Power of Parliament, 
 & cooperating with them in endeavouring to prevent the 
 Execution of the Commission & to oblige the Ministry & 
 Parli"* to revoke it, & thereby restore the Inactivity of the 
 Laws of Trade which prevailed before this Appointment, 
 
THE CONVENTION 191 
 
 must be removed, that the Commissioners may go on with 
 the Execution of their Office without Obstruction. This is 
 just as if a Question was put whether M' Hutchinson or M' 
 Otis was the fittest Person to be Governor of this Province : 
 The Contrast is not greater in the former Case. I have bore 
 no Part in this Dispute, except from the Effects it had upon 
 my own Business, as it has been the Cheif Occasion of all the 
 Opposition I have met with from the Council within these 
 6 Months past : but I have not as yet assigned this Cause 
 for it. As I have entered so far into this Business, your 
 Lordship will use this Information with all due Caution & 
 Secrecy. 
 
 I am &c 
 The Right honble 
 The Lord Vise* Barrington 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD ^ 
 
 Cav: Square Ap. 5. 1769. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 Since my former Letter began in March & herewith in- 
 closed, I have reced your's dated feb. 20^'' I am happy to 
 find by it that you wish to have the honour which has been 
 confer'd upon you. I can also give you the pleasure of know- 
 ing that last Sunday the King spoke with the highest Ap- 
 probation of your conduct & Services in his Closet to me. 
 I am persuaded any proposal you shall ^ make for the advan- 
 tage of your family will be kindly consider'd by his Majesty and 
 his Servants. I shall make the proper use of the Particulars 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. xii (Correspondence), p. 81. 
 
 2 First written "can." 
 
192 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 you send me concerning M^ Temple. I am in great haste 
 the Packett being to be dispatch'd this Evening but I am not 
 with less truth 
 
 Dear Sir 
 
 Your Excellencys 
 Your Patent most faithful & 
 
 is passed. obed. humble Serv. 
 
 I understand you are Barrington. 
 
 directed to come hither, but 
 Lord Hillsborough authorises me 
 to say you need not be in any inconvenient 
 haste to obey that instruction.^ 
 
 1 The " Leave of Absence " is in " Bernard Papers," vol. xiii (Orders and 
 Instructions), p. 243, and is as follows : — 
 George R. 
 
 Whereas Our Trusty and Welbeloved Francis Bernard, Esquire, Our Cap- 
 tain General and Governor in Chief of Our Province of the Massachuset's 
 Bay, in America, hath humbly represented unto Us, that his private Ailairs 
 may require his Residence for some Time in this Our Kingdom, and therefore 
 hath humbly requested that We would be pleased to grant him a discretionary 
 Leave to be absent from his Government, and to permit him to return into 
 this Our Kingdom of Great Britain ; We are graciously pleased to condescend 
 to his Request, and accordingly do, by these Presents, give and grant unto 
 him the said Francis Bernard, Our full and free Leave, Licence and Permission, 
 to come from his said Government of the Massachuset's Bay into this Our 
 Kingdom and to remain here until Our further Pleasure shall be signified. 
 Given at Our Court at S: James's the Twenty second Day of June 1768. in 
 the Eighth Year of Our Reign. 
 
 By His Majesty's Command 
 
 Hillsborough 
 Gov' Bernard Leave of Absence. 
 
JONATHAN CARVER 193 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO THE EARL OF HILLSBOROUGH' 
 
 Boston Feb: 21 1769 
 My Lord 
 
 Capt° Jonathan Carver commanded a Company in the 
 Massachusets Forces during the whole of the late War; 
 & behaved extremely well as has been certified to me by 
 General Winslow Brigadeer Ruggles & other Officers under 
 whom he served. After the War he accepted of an Offer 
 from Major Rogers to appoint him a Surveyor of the Country 
 about & beyond the Lakes at the Pay of 10^ a Day, & went 
 with him to Machilimakinac. From thence he went upon 
 his Survey & staid out among differant Nations near two 
 Years. He went 500 Miles beyond Lake superior, & came 
 among Indians who said that they had an easy Passage to 
 the western Ocean, which was about 600 Miles from them; 
 & that in a few Days Journey they came to a River which 
 carried them to the western Ocean. But he could not un- 
 dertake this Journey having spent all his Stores & having 
 Nothing left for Presents to the Indians thro' which he was 
 to pass. I write this from Memory of former Conversation 
 & may mistake. Upon his Return to Mackilimackinac he 
 learned that Major Rogers's Power to make such an Ap- 
 pointment was denied, & there was no Office to which he could 
 apply to for his Pay. He was therefore obliged to return to 
 this Country to sollicit his Pay; which not being able to pro- 
 cure here he is going to England, as well to solhcit Pay as to 
 Report his Discoveries. 
 
 As it is probable that his Case will come before your Lord- 
 
 » "Bernard Papers," vol. vii (Letter Book), p. 138. Although this letter was 
 written to the Earl of Hillsborough, it will be seen by the next letter that 
 a duplicate was sent to Lord Barrington. 
 
194 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 ship's Office, I have thought proper to give him this Letter 
 to certify my Knowledge of him & Opinion of his FideHty 
 & honesty, & also Poverty acquired in many Years Service. 
 The R* Hon ble The I am &c 
 
 Earl of Hillsborough — 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON^ 
 
 Boston Feb 21 1769 
 My Lord 
 
 Capt° Jonathan Carver — & so forth as in the former 
 
 Letter except the Words underlined 
 
 omitted in Lord H's 
 
 The R* Honble The I am &c 
 
 Lord Vise* Barrington 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON 2 
 
 Dup. Boston March 15 1769 
 My Lord 
 
 By a Letter from a Gentleman in London to his Friend 
 here I have learnt that my Lord Hillsborough has expressed 
 a Concern at some disagreeable Reports of me ; one only of 
 which I have any Knowledge of, which is that I left the Town 
 on the Arrival of the Troops. And by another Letter I 
 understand that this Complaint has been made against me 
 by L* Celonell Dalrymple who commanded the Forces from 
 Halifax. 
 
 If I had not lived long enough to wonder at Nothing, I 
 should be surprised to find myself charged with so groundless 
 an Accusation from one who as a private Gentleman I treated 
 with the most friendly Regard ; and as a commanding Officer 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. vii (Letter Book), p. 139. ^Ibid., p. 267. 
 
U COLONEL DALRYMPLE 195 
 
 I waited upon with a Sedulity more inforced by my Attention 
 to the Kings Service than reconcileable to the Dignity of 
 my own Station. Tho I might leave such a trivial Charge 
 to be refuted by my general Conduct ; yet least it should have 
 made an Impression to my Disadvantage, I have thought 
 proper to give your Lordship a true state of the Fact. 
 
 When I am charged with leaving the Town on the Arrival 
 of the Troops, would not any one imagine that the Town ^ 
 was then the Place of my Residence ? But the Truth is that 
 I at that Time & for several Months before resided at my 
 House at Roxbury, 4 Miles from Boston, a Retreat so neces- 
 sary for preserving my Health & affording me Leisure for 
 writing, that I could not have gone thro my Business without 
 it. From hence I have, during the Summer, attended my 
 Business in Town with as much Punctuality as I could have 
 done if I had resided in it. 
 
 When the Troops were expected I had left Orders at the 
 Castle that a Messenger should be sent to me as soon as the 
 Ships appeared. This was so punctually executed, that I was 
 at the Castle before the Ships had all come to Anchor & above 
 an Hour before the commanding Officers got to the Castle — 
 From this Day to the Time that the Troops landed I was at 
 the Castle every Morning before 10 o clock & staid there till 
 afternoon or Evening as I was wanted At one of our Con- 
 sultations there it was determined to land the Troops at 
 Boston : immediately after this Resolution was taken I went 
 to the Sherriff of the County & gave him Orders to provide 
 Horses & Carriages for the Baggage & Artillery which was 
 punctually done. After Provision was made for every 
 thing requireable of the civil Power, & the Sherrifif of the County 
 was ordered to wait on these Gentlemen I did not imagine that 
 ' First written "Place." 
 
196 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 the personal Attendance of the Governor was either necessary 
 or decent. 
 
 Your Lordship must know that at the Time of the landing 
 there was not the least Apprehension of Resistance, as a Proof 
 of which the commanding Officer went into the Town an hour 
 before any Body of Troops landed. Every thing was done 
 in good Order & all Provisions which could be expected were 
 made. I was therefore at a Loss to know how I came to be 
 blamed for not attending this Parade ; till I learned it was 
 thought that I ought to have provided a Dinner for the 
 Officers upon this Occasion. I own it never entered into 
 my Head to make an Entertainment at a Time of so much 
 Hurry & Confusion : I could not have done it at my own 
 House; & I could not think it proper for me to open a Tavern 
 upon this Occasion : And this is my only Neglect of Duty. 
 
 This my Lord is the plain Narrative of Facts, upon which 
 
 I shall make no Comment : But I shall only desire that if 
 
 there is any Remembrance of this Charge to my Disadvantage, 
 
 Your Lordship will use this Letter to my Vindication; if 
 
 there is not, that you will excuse this Trouble. 
 
 . I am &c 
 The R^ Honble The 
 
 Lord Viscount Barrington 
 
 No dup 
 
 P.S. I enclose Copies of the letters which passed between 
 me & L*^ Col Dalrymple before & after the Debarkation ; 
 from which it will appear that at the time when my Absence 
 from Town was complained of I really was in Town & made 
 an order for the accommodation of the troop, being all I 
 could then do ; and the day after, I was in Town & in Council 
 upon this business. My attending in person the debarkation 
 was not only unnecessary but highly improper. 
 
IMPOTENCY OF GOVERNMENT 197 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTONi 
 
 Dup: Boston March 18, 1769 
 
 My Lord 
 
 I am favoured with Your Lordship's Letter of Jan 2°"^; 
 and am much obliged to you for the Hints it has conveyed of 
 the Measures pursuing in Parliament, from which I know 
 not how to expect that effectual Means will be used to restore 
 the Kings Authority in this Province. I am sure that the 
 Conclusion of the Address of the Lords will have no such 
 Effect : for a simple Order to me to make Enquiry into the 
 Proceedings, which have incurred the Penalties of Treason 
 or Misprision of Treason, will have no other Consequence 
 that to show the Impotency of Government; unless I am armed 
 with some extraordinary Power to oblige Persons, whom I 
 shall require to undergo an Examination, to submit to it. 
 But I have no such Power at present; otherwise I should 
 have exercised it long ago. And if I was to call before me, 
 even by special Orders from the King, ever so many Persons 
 knowing of the seditious & treasonable Practices of the Fac- 
 tion here, & was to beg Leave to ask them a few Questions, 
 I should be answered, as it is said the Secretaries of State 
 were by Wilkes, "You have leave to ask as many Questions 
 as you please, but I beg leave to give no Answer to any of 
 them." 
 
 In short, my Lord, this Government is now brought to 
 this State, that if the Cheifs of the Faction are not punished 
 or at least so far censured as to be disqualified from holding 
 Offices; if the Appointment of the Council is not put into 
 the Hands of the King; if the Governor & principal Crown 
 Ofl&cers are not provided with adequate Salaries independent 
 * "Bernard Papers," vol. vii (Letter Book), p. 263. 
 
198 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 of the People, It signifies little who is Governor, Whoever 
 he is, he must either live in perpetual Contention in vainly 
 endeavouring to support the royal Rights, or he must pur- 
 chase Peace by a prudential Sacrifice of them. If any one 
 by a Comparison of former Times should doubt of this being 
 a true State of the present, let him consider that untill the 
 4 or 5 Years last past, the Power of Parliament was thought 
 omnipotent, the Authority of the King was revered, the 
 Governor & the Council his Assistants were respected, & the 
 People in whom, by the Constitution, the cheif Weight of 
 Power was lodged, were kept in awe by the Consideration 
 that the Abuse of their Charter priviledges might occasion the 
 Forfeiture of them. But for these 4 Years past so uniform 
 a System of bringing all Power into the Hands of the People 
 has been prosecuted without Interruption & with such Success, 
 that all that Fear Reverence, Respect & Awe which before 
 formed a tolerable Ballance against the real Power of the 
 People, are annihilated & the artificial Weights being removed, 
 the royal Scale mounts up & kicks the Beam. And I do assure 
 your Lordship if I was to answer to his Majesty himself on 
 this Subject, I would give it as my Opinion that if He cannot 
 secure to himself the Appointment of the Council, it is not 
 worth while to keep that of the Governor. For it would 
 be better that Mass Bay should be a complete Republic like 
 Connecticut than to remain with so few Ingredients of royalty 
 in it as shall be insufficient to maintain the real royal Character. 
 For my own Part I have gone too far, to think now of 
 purchasing my Peace by giving up what I have thought my 
 Duty to maintain ; even if I could be permitted to do it with- 
 out being blamed. And as M' Townsends Acts, among 
 which is that of Providing adequate Pay for the Governors 
 &c, are condemned, altho' the Execution of the Sentence is 
 
ANOTHER GOVERNMENT 199 
 
 respected, I can form no Prospect in this Country ; notwith- 
 standing from my liking the Climate & loving the People I 
 had formed Connections here, in parting with which I shall 
 have some Loss, as well as pain. It is therefore extremely 
 agreeable to me to see your Lordship's Concern to get me re- 
 moved to some other Government or a Provision at Home : 
 tho I have no Hopes of the latter, as I am sensible how many 
 Expectants there are for every Vacancy that happens. 
 
 It is a long Time since I first mentioned my Desire of having 
 Barbadoes. In my Letter of Sep : i. 1766 to your Lordship I 
 mention the Governments then vacant & having declined 
 Jamaica & the leeward Islands I add that I should most 
 thankfully accept Barbadoes. In Jan'^^ 1767 I was advised 
 by M' Jackson that I might very possibly change my Govern- 
 ment if I wished for it. In Answer to this I informed him of 
 what I had wrote to your Lordship on this Subject, & desired 
 him to talk with You upon it ; & I accepted his Offer of rep- 
 resenting my Case to Lord Shelburne. And I wrote to your 
 Lordship informing you of what passed between me & M' 
 Jackson by my Letter of Jan"^ 20. About a Year after this 
 D' Spry was appointed to Barbadoes : I cant say but that I 
 was mortified at this ; & thought my Services & Sufferings 
 much overlooked in seeing myself postponed to a Gentleman 
 whose public Merit seemed to consist in his having lived 2 
 Years in a disagreeable Place with little to do & nothing to 
 suffer or to fear. This is the State of my thoughts on Bar- 
 badoes concerning which my Opinion is not changed. For 
 tho I would avoid a hot Climate in general Yet I have had such 
 favorable Accounts of the temperature of this Island, that 
 I would venture upon it; especially as all other Considera- 
 tions make the Appointment very desirable. M'^ Bernard 
 joins with me in these Sentiments, as she does in that per- 
 
20O BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 petual Respect & Gratitude which I have so frequent Occasion 
 to express for your Lordship : with which I am My Lord &c. 
 The Right Honble 
 The Lord Viscount Barrington — 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON ^ 
 
 Boston April 12 1769 
 My Lord 
 
 Your Lordship has foreseen the Necessity of my being 
 removed from hence : it is become very apparent ; for we 
 have just now learned that any one who will pay for them 
 may have Copies of the Letters & Papers laid before the 
 Parliament. There are just now arrived 6 of my Letters 
 & I of General Gage's attested by the Clerk of the Papers ; 
 & M' BoUan who has sent them hither promises the rest as 
 soon as they can be copied. The Councellors to whom they 
 were sent immediately met, & ordered these Papers to be 
 printed; but the Publication of them is deferred untill Ob- 
 servations can be finished to accompany them, which a Gentle- 
 man has been hard at Work upon & will have completed in 
 a Day or two. They are then to be sent about the Province 
 in order to inflame the People against the Election in May 
 next, which they will effectually do. In the Mean time they 
 have been read by the whole Town at the Printers. 
 
 This puts an End to all my Hopes of doing any good here 
 
 & necessarily turns all my future Views out of this Province. 
 
 For it is impossible for a Governor who has been engaged in 
 
 such Contests as I have been, & has as well by special Orders 
 
 as by his own Sense of His Duty, given free & full Information 
 
 of the Proceedings of the factious Party, to think of staying 
 
 ^ "Bernard Papers," vol. vii (Letter Book), p. 278. This letter was headed 
 "Private," but later it was crossed off. 
 
HIS LETTERS PUBLISHED 201 
 
 in the Province, after his most confidential Letters are put 
 in the Hands of the Faction and printed & dispersed among 
 the People. For tho the Letters may be very justifiable 
 with indifferent & impartial Persons, yet it cannot be expected 
 that they will be treated with any Degree of Candour by 
 those whom they affect. 
 
 I have thought proper to give your Lordship this Account 
 that you may see that the Question of providing for me else- 
 where is determined. I have before signified my Thoughts 
 of going to England after I have held the next Session : but 
 it is now made a Question whether I shall be able to hold the 
 next Session at All ; ^ Some of the Council having insinuated 
 that I shall not. However I shall make the Trial ; & shall 
 do every thing I can to defeat the Intention of the Councellors 
 & to weather this fresh Storm. As soon as these Papers are 
 published I will write to your Lordship again. 
 The R* Honble The I am &c 
 
 Lord Visc*^ Barrington. 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO GOVERNOR BERNARD 2 
 
 Cavendish Square June 4'?* 1769 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I have communicated to Lord Hillsborough your Letter 
 
 of the 1$^]" of March concerning a Complaint made by 
 
 Colonel Dalrymple, whose representations have done you 
 
 no harm except among those who were before very ill inclined 
 
 towards you. His Lordship is not one of this number, and 
 
 agrees with me that your whole conduct in respect to the 
 
 Troops has been not only innocent, but highly meritorious. 
 
 Whoever had a doubt before, must be clear in respect to that 
 
 ' Followed by "or no," then crossed off. 
 
 * "Bernard Papers," vol. xii (Correspondence), p. 99. 
 
202 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 matter after reading your Letter which I am now answering, 
 and the Papers by which it is accompany'd. 
 
 I have also shewn to Lord Hillsborough your Letter of the 
 iS'^f' the opinions of which he entirely approves. As to that 
 part of it which concerns your self, he would most undoubtedly 
 offer you Barbadoes if it were vacant. I have never forgotten 
 your determination concerning that Government; but as I 
 never lived in any sort of intimacy with Lord Shelburne I did 
 not mention it to him : You have lost nothing by my Silence. 
 
 I am now come to your Letter of the i2^^ of April the last 
 I have received from you. When it became necessary to 
 Communicate the Situation of America to ParUament, none 
 of the material lights received from thence could be retain 'd, 
 I mean those which came in an ofl&cial Way. Every Paper 
 laid before either House is immediately known to the whole 
 world, a very inconvenient Circumstance in our Government: 
 I do not however see how the knowlege of your Correspond- 
 ence can do you any harm in the Massachusets, for there is 
 not one expression in it which goes injuriously to the Colony, 
 quite otherwise. It is true you do not spare the factions, 
 and it is your merit to have attack'd and resisted them in 
 every possible way, by which you were as obnoxtious to them 
 before your Letters were seen, as since : Besides you are on 
 the point of leaving your Government, and I have even 
 doubts whether this Letter will reach you. I shall not write 
 any more unless I find you continue on the other side of the 
 Water longer than I expect. I wish you. Lady Bernard and 
 all my Cousins a safe & happy passage, and I am to them all 
 as well as to your Excellency, 
 
 A most faithful 
 
 & obedient humble Servant 
 
 Barrington. 
 
POLITICS 203 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON^ 
 
 Boston May 30*'' 1769 
 My Lord 
 
 Your Lordships Letter of feb 12-March i did not come to 
 my hands till May 20. Your Sentiments of the Proceedings 
 in Parliament exactly correspond with those of the Servants 
 of the Crown & the Friends of Government on this Side of 
 the Water; who are now more dispirited that ever; as on 
 the other hand the Sons of Liberty are much more elevated. 
 However I myself have Hopes that some thing more will be 
 done before the Parliament rises : if there is not, this Govern- 
 ment will soon become an anarchical Democracy; a strange 
 Compound of Policy ! 
 
 Tomorrow the new Assembly meets, which will be allmost 
 wholly composed of the Tools of the Faction. Many of the 
 Friends of Government have ^ been turned out ; Many have 
 declined serving ; the few who will be ^ in the House will be 
 only Spectators. So that the Faction will have every thing 
 in their hands. As to the Council if I was to attempt to 
 reform that Body by Negatives, I must reject two thirds of 
 them : but this is become now so trifling an Expedient, that 
 I would not negative a single Person, if I was not afraid of 
 incurring Blame by so doing. What I shall do in this will 
 now be more as a Salvo for myself than for any real Use. 
 That Board must now be corrected in its Body & not in its 
 Members. 
 
 I have lately received an Order from the King that I should 
 repair to England to lay before him a State of the Province : 
 this is much better that meer Leave of Absence. It was accom- 
 
 ^ "Bernard Papers," vol. vii (Letter Book), p. 293. 
 
 2 First written "having." 
 
 ^ First written "have been," then changed to "will be." 
 
204 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 panied with the Honour, which I suppose was thus timed to 
 prevent any triumph from Insinuation that I was removed 
 in Disgrace. As I persuaded myself that it would be ex- 
 pected I should stay the Opening of the Session, I was not 
 prepared to depart before it; & it seems to be best that I 
 should stay thro' it, disagreeable as the Business is like to 
 be. When that is over I shall get away as fast as I can prob- 
 ably by the End of July. I expect to be accommodated with 
 a Passage in the Rippon which carried Lord Botetourt to 
 Virginia. Lady Bernard stays behind me : she begs to join 
 in our ^ respectful CompP^ to Your Lordship. 
 
 I am with &c. 
 The R* Honble The 
 L*^ Visc^ Barrington 
 
 P S. June. I'* 
 
 By the Delay of this Letter I have an Opportunity to send 
 your Lordship a printed Account of the Proceedings in the 
 General Court on yesterday & this day ; from which you will 
 perceive that the Faction has now got full Possession of this 
 Government. They have turned out of the Council 4 Gentle- 
 men of the first Characters, the only Men of Disposition & 
 Ability to serve the Crown left in it. I have negatived 11 of 
 the List of the Elected, being 5 more than I ever negatived 
 before at one time; among these are 2 old Councellors the 
 cheif Movers of the late Opposition to the Kings Authority 
 from the Council. All things are going into Confusion; & 
 it will grow worse & worse untill the ParUament interposes to 
 
 Purpose. 
 
 F. B. 
 
 (Second Postcript to the Duplicate of the Letter to Lord 
 
 Barrington 2 dated May 30, 1769) 
 
 * First written "her." * "Bernard Papers," vol. vii (Letter Book), p. 299. 
 
TEE ASSEMBLY 205 
 
 2nd postcript June 27 
 To the present enclosed Duplicate I add an original Post- 
 cript to introduce some more Inclosures to show in what 
 Manner the Faction, which has at length got Possession of 
 both Houses, is disposed to proceed. They have before 
 refused to do Business at Boston, unless the Troops were 
 removed: I have thereupon moved the Assembly to Cam- 
 bridge at 4 Miles distance from the Troops : they now say 
 that they will not do any Business unless all the Troops are 
 removed from the Province; this I mean to be said without 
 Doors; when they declare it from the House in form I shall 
 know what to do. However every one tells me they will 
 persist in it : all I shall have to do will be to get a positive 
 Declaration from them. And yet if the Troops are removed 
 the principal Officers of the Crown, the friends of Govern- 
 ment, & the importers of goods from England in defiance of 
 the Combination, who are considerable & numerous must 
 remove also. I shall write to Your Lordship further upon 
 this. 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTONi 
 
 Boston July 8 1769 
 My Lord 
 
 I had but just time in my last Packet to acknowledge ^ 
 your Lordship's Letter of March 21-April i. Since this no 
 Ship has sailed from hence to London; & I have been fully 
 employed as your Lordship will see by the inclosed papers. 
 
 If there has been a Difference of Opinion in the Adminis- 
 tration about American Measures, as we learn by wofull 
 Experience there has, It cannot continue a Year longer; 
 
 * "Bernard Papers," vol. viii (Letter Book), p. i. 
 ' First followed by "the Receipt of," then crossed off. 
 
2o6 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 for the Americans will make them open their Eyes in Spight 
 of their Teeth, & tell them in Words of Scripture "you are 
 careful about many Things but one Thing is needful." There 
 is but one Way now of dealing with America : Lenitives have 
 brought the Disease to its present Height & will if continued 
 make it incurable. 
 
 A Member of Parhament (a friend of your Lordships & a 
 protestee against the late inactive Proceedings) writes to his 
 friends here, that he does not see that any thing will rouse 
 the Government, but the Americans attacking the Naviga- 
 tion Act. If that is wanting it will not be so long : for I can 
 assure you the Navigation Act is a principal Object with 
 them. Some Months ago one of the Cheifs of the Faction 
 here said in a Company consisting cheifly of his own Party, 
 that things would never be properly settled in America till 
 the Parliament had repealed all the Acts affecting the Ameri- 
 can Trade from the i$^^ of Charles 2 to the present time. 
 This I took down from a Gentleman who heard it spoke; & 
 you may tell it to M' Stanley as a Fact. 
 
 Your Lordship will judge of the temper & disposition of 
 the Faction & its Creatures who are no less than the whole 
 Council & the whole House (excepting some few Members 
 of the latter who never come near it) from the Papers I send 
 you with this, which are a Continuation of the Papers pub- 
 lished by the House. I have no time to animadvert upon 
 these; but must observe that upon the Pubhcation of the 
 Resolves on July 3, The Speaker denied that those Resolves 
 had all passed the House; The Clerk of the House insisted 
 that they had passed the House ; & that it was a true Copy. 
 However the House has again taken them into Re-Considera- 
 tion, & has, as I understand, quahfied the second, in this 
 Edition, so that it shall refer to Acts of Taxation only, whereas 
 
MUTINY ACT 207 
 
 at present it extends to all Acts ^ whatsoever. But this is 
 only procrastinating: for both their Arguments and their 
 Intentions lead equally to all Acts of Parliament. 
 
 Your Lordship judges right of the Efficacy of the Additional 
 Clauses in the Mutiny Act : they will have no Effect in this 
 Country. I am assured for certain, that the House will 
 make no Provision for the Expence of hiring Barracks here, 
 nor for the Parliamentary Provisions in such Barracks; 
 neither will they provide any Funds for making any farther 
 Provisions for the Troops in the Provincial Barracks at Castle 
 Island. I expect to be able to inclose in the Cover of this an 
 Account of a positive Refusal of this Demand : So that you 
 must not depend upon the Mutiny Act for quartering Sol- 
 diers in this Country. The inlosed Papers will show you what 
 you have to expect : but that is of another Kind than Obedi- 
 ence to Acts of Parliament. — I expect to have an Oppor- 
 tunity of adding another short Letter to this ; so will conclude 
 this with assuring you that I am with a most perfect Respect 
 
 My Lord &c — 
 The R Honble The 
 
 L Visc*^ Barrington 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON 2 
 
 Boston July 13 1769 
 My Loed 
 
 I have not been able as yet to get from the House an Answer 
 
 concerning Provision for the Troops : but it is certain they 
 
 will refuse doing any thing at all under the Act of Parhament 
 
 or otherwise. I here inclose to your Lordship a complete 
 
 Set of the Papers published by the House during this Session 
 
 1 Followed by "of Taxation," then crossed oflf. 
 
 2 "Bernard Papers," vol. viii (Letter Book), p. 3. 
 
2o8 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 & shall ^ add what is to come. As for that Resolve concern- 
 ing Acts of Parliament which was afterwards altered by the 
 House, You will find the Substance of the original Resolve 
 in allmost the same Words in their Message of June 13 : this 
 has received no Alteration. The Rippon is just now come 
 into the Harbour & I expect to embark in her by the End of 
 this Month. 
 
 I am &c 
 The Rt Honble The 
 L*^ Vise* Barrington 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO SIR FRANCIS BERNARD 2 
 
 Beckett September the 7*1" 1769. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I most sincerely congratulate you on your safe arrival in 
 England, and think my self very unfortunate in being here, 
 at a time when perhaps you may want me in London. I am 
 obliged to stay here till Monday, having my house full of 
 Company who continue with me till then : On tuesday before 
 dinner I shall be in London, and hope to get to the War ofl&ce 
 by two o'clock, it being my ofi&ce day: I will endeavour to 
 wait on you in Chidleigh Court as I go thither, and shall 
 be able to fix a time when we may have a great deal of Con- 
 versation on many Subjects. I hope you left Lady Bernard 
 & my Cousins in perfect health. I am with great truth & 
 regard 
 
 Dear Sir 
 
 Your most obedient 
 
 humble Servant Barrington. 
 
 * Followed by "have the Pleasure," then crossed off. 
 '"Bernard Papers," vol. xii (Correspondence), p. 131. 
 
IN ENGLAND 209 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO SIR FRANCIS BERNARD 1 
 
 Beckett Oct^ 12. 1769. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I have been considering that the admirable Canoe you were 
 so good as to give me will be useless here. Nobody can navi- 
 gate it or will venture to go into it. If it receive damage 
 nobody can mend it, & I have no place to put it in. On the 
 whole therefore, after retuning you many thanks for so 
 curious & valuable a present, let me beg of you to give it to 
 some other friend. It is still at my house in Cavendish Square. 
 
 I cannot write to you without making you many sincere 
 acknowlegments for your kind visit here. I am with my 
 Compliments to my Cousin 
 
 P. S. Dear Sir 
 
 If you are at a loss Your most faithful 
 
 how to bestow the Canoe, & obedient humble Servant 
 
 Cap. Barrington shall present it in Barrington. 
 
 your name to the Duke of Cumberland. 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO SIR FRANCIS BERNARD 2 
 
 Beckett Oct^ 18*?" 1769. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I can see no Publick objection to your Succeeding Sir Henry 
 Moor ; on the contrary I think it elegible : But would 
 the assembly of New York grant you a Salary in your present 
 state of American unpopularity? That point once secured, 
 I think you should propose your appointment to Lord Hills- 
 borough the first time you see him ; telling him if you think 
 proper that I have advised you so to do. However in my 
 Opinion nothing should retard the grant of your pension, 
 
 * "Bernard Papers," vol. xii (Correspondence), p. 151. ^Ibid., p. 153. 
 
2IO BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 which once obtaind you may talk of other matters more at 
 your ease ; besides you should be paid here from the moment 
 when your Salary ended at Boston. 
 
 I shall be in London the 30*^ of this month, I am with 
 great truth and esteem Dear Sir 
 
 Your most faithful 
 All here send Comp? humble Servant 
 
 to you and my Cousin. Bakrington. 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO SIR FRANCIS BERNARD 1 
 
 Cavendish Square 30*^ Nov^ 1771. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 Tho' it is impossible to hear of the death of M"^ Beresford 
 without lamenting the loss of so excellent a Woman, I cannot 
 help rejoicLig at the considerable addition made to your 
 Fortune : I know you will make the best use of it. I con- 
 gratulate two of my Cousins on the handseme Legacy which has 
 been left to them ; & their Sisters on the paternal Settlement 
 which you are going to make in their favor. I am very sensible 
 of your friendly attention in communicating this event to me. 
 The unexpected Vote lately carried in the House of Com- 
 mons in Ireland by a large Majority, I conceive will prevent 
 the New Commission's taking place, or at least Suspend its 
 operations; A circumstance which in all probability will be 
 convenient to You, as M^- Beresford's death must be the 
 occasion of a good deal of business, which could not be well 
 done in your absence. 
 
 I am, with my best compliments to all with you, 
 Dear Sir 
 Your most faithful & 
 Obedient humble Servant 
 
 Barrington. 
 
 » "Bernard Papers," vol. xii (Correspondence), p. 235. 
 
IN ENGLAND 211 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO SIR FRANCIS BERNARD ^ 
 
 Cavendish Squaee Jan: 7. 1772 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 Since my arrival in Town, I have seen Lord North who 
 desires me to inform you with his Compliments, that it will 
 not be expected that you should do any thing contrary to 
 your inclinations or hurtful to your health. I do not beleive 
 it is determin'd that the Irish Commissions of Revennue shall 
 be establish 'd, but if they should be you will be willingly 
 allow 'd to remain as you now are. 
 
 I know one of your objects in going to Ireland was to pro- 
 vide for my cousin Tom : There is now vacant a small office 
 in my recommendation, which after paying a deputy will I 
 beleive produce a sine cure 6o£ per annum. If that trifiie 
 be agreable to you, and to him, it is at your service. It be- 
 comes vacant by the death of my worthy and ingenious 
 friend M^ Stillingfleet for whom I promised it some years ago. 
 
 I hope your health continues mending & I am with the 
 
 greatest truth & regard 
 
 Dear Sir 
 
 Most faithfully yours 
 
 Barrington 
 My Comp^ attend 
 
 my Cousins. 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO SIR FRANCIS BERNARD 2 
 
 _ ^ Cavendish Square Tan 2Q*^ 1772. 
 
 Dear Sir, •' ^- " 
 
 Hearing that the Commissions of Customs and Excise in 
 Ireland were to take place, I went this morning to Lord 
 North, and enquired whether your name stood in one of 
 them. He said it did for the present ; but that your attend- 
 
 1 " Bernard Papers," vol. xii (Correspondence), p. 243. "^Ibid., p. 245. 
 
212 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 ance was not required now, and that if you chose on the whole 
 to decline that Service on Account of your health, you should 
 remain with your pension, and a Succeessor should be ap- 
 pointed: Your mind may therefore be perfectly at ease on 
 this Subject. 
 
 I hope Bath has done you service already and will per- 
 fectly restore you soon. Pray let me hear frequently of 
 your health & beleive me ever, D*^ Sir 
 
 P. S Most faithfully yours 
 
 My Cousin Tom is appointed, Barexngton 
 
 but he need not come to Town on that Ace* 
 
 SIR FRANCIS BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTON (?) ^ 
 
 Bath Feb i- 1772 
 My Lord 
 
 / 1 received the favor of yours of the 2(f' & am extremely 
 obliged to your Lordship for your ^ concern for me. / I did 
 not immagine if it was proper for the Irish Business to go on 
 immediately that it would be ^ be Stoppeded on account of 
 altering my name in the Commission as that might occasion 
 a great deal of delay which might be all saved hereafter with 
 a very little trouble. I am much obHged to my Lord North 
 for allowing me a further time to consider of this undertak- 
 ing tho I dont think that it can make any alteration in my 
 desire to retire — this attack has quite frightened me & I 
 cannot in my own Mind realize the expectation every body 
 gives me that I shall not be the worse for it. however as long 
 as the public business is not impeded by me I am very will- 
 ing that the matter should rest till I am able to apologize 
 
 ' "Bernard Papers," vol. viii (Letter Book), p. i8o. 
 
 2 Followed by "care of &," then crossed out. 
 
 » First written "& it cou'd," then changed to "that it would be." 
 
ILLNESS 213 
 
 myself for this disappointment if it must be one, so that it 
 it be done without creating any dependance on me to serve 
 in this Capacity, the waiting for this cannot make ^ a delay 
 of more than 2 or 3 Months. I began drinking the Waters 
 last Monday & they agree very well with me, but yesterday 
 I got a little Cold & I must wait the event of that before I 
 can go on with them — mine I find is a common case & 
 will probably be remedied without Bathing. 
 
 My Son was expected at Kensington on Thursday last & 
 will wait on your Lordship Soon after his Arrival. Lady B. 
 talks of setting out for Bath soon after her arrives & I hope 
 she will make no unnecessary delay, for it is unpleasant to me 
 to be separated from my Family at this time only my eldest 
 Daughter being with me. 
 
 I return Your Lordship many thanks for your kind care of 
 
 me & am 
 
 With great Respect 
 
 My Lord 
 
 Your Lordships 2 
 
 most obedient 
 
 humble Servant 
 
 1 First written " create." 
 
 ^ Followed by "faithful & obedient Serv*," then changed to "most obedient 
 humble Servant." 
 
214 BARRINGTON -BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO SIR FRANCIS BERNARD » 
 
 Cavendish Square March lo. 1772. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 Tho' I frequently meet Lord North I had no good oppertu- 
 nity of speaking to him about you till this day. He will replace 
 you in the Pension when a proper person is found to succeed 
 you in the Irish Employment, but for the present your name 
 must continue in the Commission, & you will be paid as a 
 Commissioner. He says you need not however give your 
 self the least concern about Ireland : No Man can be more 
 inclined to serve and obUge another than Lord North is with 
 respect to you. 
 
 I shall keep an Ensigncy in a good Reg* for my Cousin and 
 namesake who may go with you to France if you desire it. 
 Dijon is a pL etty Town in a fine Country, but I do not believe 
 the Air (tho' good) is any thing extraordinary in Burgundy. 
 I hope wherever you are that your health will perfectly re- 
 turn, & that you will enjoy every comfort of Life. I am 
 
 ever D, Sir 
 
 Your most faithful 
 
 humble Serv* 
 
 BARRINGTON. 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO SIR FRANCIS BERNARD 2 
 
 Cavendish Square 20*^ March 1772, 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I agree entirely in opinion with you that you ought to have 
 
 a Letter from Lord North, securing your return to the Pension 
 
 whenever you shall be removed from the Commission. I see 
 
 no objection to your applying in the manner you propose 
 
 ^ "Bernard Papers," vol. xii (Correspondence), p. 247. 2 mj,,^ p. 251. 
 
PENSION 215 
 
 for your continuing on the Pension for Six months longer. I 
 
 saw your Son this morning, but I could not give him any 
 
 intelligence concerning the manner or place of receiving 
 
 the Irish Salary : but I apprehend you must appoint an 
 
 Agent in that Kingdom. 
 
 I am with my best compliments to Lady Bernard, & my 
 
 Cousins 
 
 Dear Sir 
 
 Your most faithful & 
 
 obedient humble Servant 
 
 Barrington 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO SIR FRANCIS BERNARD ^ 
 
 Cavendish Square April 13*?" 1772. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I always go to Beckett at Easter for a few days to settle 
 Accounts do business &c, but I never encourage any of my 
 friends at that time to call on me, as I am totally incapable 
 of receiving then, even with tollerable convenience. I have 
 no Servants but my old superannuated Housekeeper, who 
 gets me a beefstake ; and the House remains unfurnish'd as 
 every thing is taken down at the beginning of the winter on 
 account of the Damp. That Damp still continues, & I 
 fear would make it dangerous for a convalescent. On these 
 Accounts I must not wish to see you at Beckett till the 
 Summer comes & my family goes down — I shall then receive 
 you and any of my Cousins with the greatest pleasure. 
 
 If however you want to see me now, I will receive you as 
 well as I am able, any Day between Easter Sunday & the 
 Thursday following, unless I should be suddenly calld away 
 on account of Insurrections from the dearness of Provisions, 
 
 * "Bernard Papers," vol. xii (Correspondence), p. 257. 
 
2i6 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 which have begiin, & I fear will spread. Your best way 
 from Bath is by Ciceter and Faringdon. If you come, be 
 pleased to let me know the day by a Line directed to me at 
 Beckett near Faringdon, by the Cross Post. I hope you are 
 in a fair way to be soon perfectly well, and I am with the 
 greatest truth & regard D"^ Sir 
 
 Your most faithful 
 & obed Servant 
 
 Barrington. 
 Cav : Square April 13. 1772. 
 
 LORD BARRINGTON TO SIR FRANCIS BERNARD 1 
 
 Beckett April 23^ 1772 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 Last night I received your Letter of the 19*^?* Instant 
 enclosing a Copy of a Letter from you to Lord North, which 
 to me seems proper and reasonable in the highest degree: 
 What you ask you ought to claim, & he ought to grant. 
 
 I am very glad you did not come hither : The roads are 
 worse than I ever remember them, the Country more deep 
 and dirty, the weather till to day bad, and the House damp. 
 I hope you and my Cousins will think of this place when it is 
 more fit to receive you. I am ever D' Sir 
 
 Your most faithful 
 hiunble Servant 
 P. S. Barrington. 
 
 Your next sh? be 
 directed to London. 
 
 ^ "Bernard Papers," vol. xii (Correspondence), p. 253. 
 
PENSION 217 
 
 SIR FRANCIS BERNARD TO LORD BARRINGTONi 
 
 Copy — Aylesbury Jan 4 1774. 
 
 My Lord, 
 
 Your Lordship gave me Leave to trouble you again upon 
 my Subject, to point out to you the great need there is of 
 settling my Affairs at the Treasury, and to show how much 
 I am affected by the delay of it. And I have had fresh Occa- 
 sion to do this since I left London, having had Returns of 
 my Disorder, tho' not quite in the same Shape. Having had 
 an Opportunity of talking with D'' Smith of Oxford, who has 
 before been acquainted with my Case, He earnestly recom- 
 mended a change of Chmate, which he said would do me more 
 Service than the whole class of Medicines, and proposed my 
 going to the South of France, to Tours or Dijon &c. This 
 would be extreamely agreeable to me, and I believe very bene- 
 ficial in other Respects as well as that of Health. 
 
 Your Lordship may remember that when I wrote to you 
 from Bath in feby 72, I then mentioned my having this De- 
 sign, and I then solUcited my being released from my Office 
 in Ireland and restored to my Pension, as the means to enable 
 me to carry this Purpose into Execution. But by the Delay 
 of my Release, I was obliged to postpone my Journey to 
 France and at length to lay it aside and flatter myself with 
 the hopes of doing without it; till I at length am told that 
 it is necessary to the Recovery of my health, and should be 
 pursued presently ; which I must now do under greater difl&- 
 culties and to greater Disadvantages than it would have 
 been if it had been set about when it first was proposed; 
 to say nothing of the Loss of Time, which in this case is a 
 material Circumstance. 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. xii (Correspondence), p. 289. 
 
2i8 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 To facilitate your Lordship's Sollicitation and to refresh 
 your Memory of what I have before given you too much 
 trouble in, I shall with this inclose Copies of the cheif original 
 Papers, which I have before presented ; which, if the Origi- 
 nals should not be at hand, may be used as such. I have 
 proposed only, that your Lordship should speak to M*" Robin- 
 son on this Subject ; if you should see an Occasion to go farther, 
 I must leave it to your Judgement, as I have no doubt of 
 your perfect good will towards me. 
 
 The Objects of my present Sollicitation are i. That I may 
 be restored to my Pensions with a Satisfaction for the Loss 
 I have suffered by the Deficiency of the Equivalent given 
 in Lieu of them. 2. That upon the Revival of them, part, 
 £400 (or if it should be more agreeable ^ 300 or ^ 200) shall be 
 appointed for the Life of Lady Bernard. The first of these I 
 consider as allready assured to and wanting only a formal 
 Settlement. The other is indeed a new Request : but it is 
 only that out of a Bounty granted to me a provision may be 
 made for my Wife in the way of Defalcation from me, and 
 not by any additional charge. This will be only anticipating 
 what will otherwise be a charge on the King's benevolence, 
 upon my Death ; which will be unavoidable, if it shall appear 
 as it will most probably be, that my Life was shortened by 
 my fidehty in the Kings Service, and the Consequences of it. 
 
 For in truth, my Lord, when I reflect upon my case, I can- 
 not but consider myself as a Martyrr to the Cause of Great 
 Britain. For if the Parhament had not taxed the Colonies; 
 or if I had not in the height of my Zeal for my Mother Coun- 
 try, and the Service of the King tho't it my Duty to support 
 the Authority of Parliament ; or if the Parliament had thought 
 it their Business to support their own Authority, I should 
 probably at this time have been in Ease, affluence and Health, 
 
PENSION 219 
 
 and should have attained many more Years than I am now 
 like to see. And then I should not have had an occasion to 
 sollicit a Subsistence out of the publick Stock, without mak- 
 ing an actual Service a Consideration of my pay. It is there- 
 fore with much Regret that I am become a Pensioner or desire 
 to be one. 
 
 Your Lordship's Friendship has been the Balm of my Life, 
 and now it supports me in persisting in my Endeavours, 
 before I go hence, to see my Family decently provided for; 
 one Means of which is the Extending my Life to a few more 
 Years; and upon that Account I desire to be at Liberty to 
 take the best care of it that I can. I therefore intend, if I 
 have Leave, to go abroad next Summer : but shan't be able 
 unless my Dependance on Government shall in some way or 
 other be made certain. 
 
 I am &c 
 
 Fra Bernard 
 The Right Hon^'^ 
 The Lord Vic^ Barrington 
 
APPENDICES 
 I 
 
 Letters, Official and Others 
 
 LORDS OF TRADE TO GOVERNOR BERNARD i 
 
 Whitehall, March ii^*" 1763 
 Sir 
 
 We have taken into Our Consideration your letter to Our 
 Secretary, dated the first of December, and the several 
 Papers which you have addressed to the Board, relative to 
 the Grant of the Island of Mount Desart, which the General 
 Court of Massachusets Bay is represented to have made to 
 you in July 1762. 
 
 We can have no objection to your acceptance of this Grant 
 as a Testimony of the approbation and favour of that Prov- 
 ince, in whose Service, and in the Conduct of whose Affairs, 
 you have manifested so much zeal and capacity, nor should 
 We have delayed Our Representation upon it to the Crown, 
 if the deed itself had been before Us. You are sensible there 
 are some Circumstances peculiar to the situation of this 
 Trait of Country which make it necessary to consider both 
 the Case itself, and the manner of carrying such a Grant into 
 Execution : When We shall be actually in Possession of the 
 Grant We will bring the Matter to issue with all possible 
 Dispatch, and endeavour to decide whatever questions arise 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. x (Correspondence), p. 63. 
 
222 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 upon it, in a manner which shall be agreable, and upon grounds 
 which shall be just to all Parties concerned. 
 
 It may be proper to observe to you, that the doubt con- 
 ceived upon the Claim of the Province of Massachusets is 
 not founded upon the Allegation, that the lands to the East 
 of Penobscot were not in the Possession of the Crown at the 
 time of Granting the Charter, but upon the Operation which 
 the Treatys of Riswick and Breda (by which Treaties this 
 Tract of Country was ceded to France) should be ad- 
 mitted to have had upon the Charter itself. 
 
 We cannot take upon Us at present to say how far all 
 future Consideration of this Question is precluded by the 
 Order of Council grounded upon the Opinion of the Attorney 
 and Solicitor General in 1731, this is a delicate point, which 
 should be r-' served till the deed shall come regularly before 
 Us, and in the mean time We cannot think it expedient to 
 advise any conditional Grant whatever of this Island. We are 
 Sir 
 Your most Obedient 
 humble Servants 
 
 C. TOWNSHEND 
 SOAME JeNYNS 
 
 E: Bacon 
 Francis Bernard Esq. 
 Gov. of the Massachusets Bay Orwell 
 
APPENDIX I 223 
 
 MINUTES OF THE TREASURY BOARDS 
 
 Whitehall Treasury Chambers 28 Nov^ 1764 
 Present 
 
 M^ Grenville. 
 Lord North. 
 S' John Turner. 
 M' Hunter. 
 M^ Harris. 
 
 My Lords are of Opinion, that no Commander in Chief 
 or Governor is authorised to incurr any Expence for which 
 Money has not already been granted by Parhament, or which 
 has not been previously approved of by His Majesty and His 
 Majesty's Orders signified by this Board for that purpose. 
 2diy That if any Governor or Commander in Chief shall 
 be of Opinion that any Expence ought to be incurred for the 
 Good of His Majesty's Service, he is previously to make 
 Representation thereof to the proper Office at home, who are 
 to communicate the same to this Board that His Majesty's 
 Pleasure may be taken thereupon, and that proper Estimates 
 may be laid before Parliament to the End that such Sums 
 may be granted as Parliament shall think necessary for that 
 purpose. 
 
 ^diy That if sudden and unforeseen Emergencies should 
 arise, where it is absolutely necessary that the Service should 
 be undertaken before His Majesty's Pleasure can be known, 
 or the necessary Sums be granted by Parliament for that 
 purpose such Governor or Commander in chief may in 
 these Cases only draw upon the Lords Commissioners of 
 His Majesty's Treasury, and on no other Person whatever, 
 ^"Bernard Papers," vol. x (Correspondence), p. 258. 
 
224 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 and at the same Time that he make such Draught he is to 
 transmit to their Lordships as well as to the proper Ofl&ce 
 to whose Department the Service so undertaken particularly 
 belongs, Information thereof with the Reasons why consist- 
 ently with the Good of the Service it was not possible to 
 delay the incurring such Expence until such Time as the Reg- 
 ulations above mentioned could be complied with, 
 ^thiy That all Governors and Commanders in Chief be 
 acquainted that no Bills will be accepted until the Informa- 
 tion above required be received, and that they be at the 
 same Time apprized, that they will become Accountants to 
 His Majesty for the Sums they shall respectively draw upon 
 the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury, and 
 that in passing and allowing their Accounts for the Expen- 
 diture of the same their Lordships will take into Consider- 
 ation not only the Authenticity of the Vouchers, but the 
 urgent Necessity of the Services so undertaken, and the 
 Reasonableness of the Prices at which the same were per- 
 formed. 
 
 M- Chancellor of the Exchequer is desired, to lay this 
 Minute, containing the humble Opinion of this Board, upon 
 a Subject of so much Importance, before His Majesty, that 
 if His Majesty shall be pleased to approve thereof, His Royal 
 Pleasure may be signified thereupon in such manner as His 
 Majesty shall direct. 
 
 Ex^y 
 
APPENDIX I 225 
 
 JOHN POWNALL TO GOVERNOR BERNARD » 
 
 Whitehall Ded! f) 1764. 
 Sir, 
 
 His Majesty having been pleased to approve a Minute 
 made by the Treasury Board on the 28'!^ of November last, 
 in relation to publick Expences, which may be incurred, or 
 Bills drawn, by any Commander in Chief or Governor ; I am 
 directed by the Lords Commissioners for Trade and Planta- 
 tions to send you the inclosed Copy of the said Minute for 
 your Information and at the same Time to acquaint you, 
 that the Regulations of the said Minute are not to be under- 
 stood to extend to Money which has been or may be voted 
 by Parliament to support the civil Government of the Colonies, 
 or to any Establishments which have received His Majesty's 
 Approbation. I am. Sir 
 
 Your most obedient 
 humble Servant 
 
 John Pownall 
 Francis Bernard Esq- 
 Govf of the Massachusets Bay. 
 
 SECRETARY AT WAR TO THE EARL OF HALIFAX « 
 
 Extract of a Letter from the Secretary 
 at War to the Earl of Halifax. 
 
 War Office 7'^ Feb^ 1765. 
 
 His Majesty's Intention is, that according to His Commis- 
 sions granted for that Purpose, the Orders of His Commander 
 in Chief & under him of the Brigadiers General commanding 
 in the Northern & Southern Departments, in all military 
 ^"Bernard Papers," vol. x (Correspondence), p. 254. ^Ibid.,p. 272. 
 
226 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 Matters, shall be supreme, & must be obeyed by the Troops, 
 as such, in all the Civil Governments in America. 
 
 That in Cases where no specific Orders have been given 
 by the Commander in Chief, or by the Brigadiers General 
 commanding in the District, the Civil Govf in Council, & 
 where no Council shall subsist, the Civil Govf may, for the 
 Benefit of His Government, give Orders for the Marching 
 of Troops, the Disposition of Them, for making & marching 
 Detachments, Escorts, & such purely military Services within 
 His Government, to the Commanding Officer of the Troops, 
 who is to give the proper Orders for carrying the same into 
 Execution, provided they are not contradictory to, or incom- 
 patible with any Orders he may have received from the Com- 
 mander in Chief or the Brigadier Gen? of the District, and the 
 Commanding Officer is from time to time, duly to report, 
 with all convenient Expedition, to the Commander in Chief, 
 or to the Brigadier Gen! such orders which he shall have 
 rec'd from the Civil Governor. 
 
 That the Civil Govf of the Province shall give the Word 
 in all Places, where he shall be within his Province, except 
 when the Commander in Chief or Brigadier Gen' shall be 
 in the Same Place. 
 
 That the Return of the State & Condition of the Troops, 
 Magazines & Fortifications shall be made to the Gov^ as well 
 as to the Commandf in Chief & Brigadier Genl 
 
 That the Civil Gov' is not to interfere with the detail of 
 the military Regimental Duty & Discipline, the Reports con- 
 cerning which are to be made to the Commanding Officer who 
 is to make his general Report to the Civil Governor. 
 
 When the Commander in Chief or Brigadier Gen! shall be 
 present, all military Orders are to be issued by them only. 
 
APPENDIX I 227 
 
 LORD HALIFAX TO GOVERNOR BERNARD 1 
 
 Circular 
 
 Duplicate S* James's 9^?" Feb?' 1765 
 
 Sir, 
 
 Misunderstandings having arisen between the Civil Gov- 
 nors, & the Commanding Officers of the Troops stationed in 
 some of His Majesty's Colonies, concerning the Intent and 
 Meaning of the Powers respectively vested in Them, with 
 Respect to the General Command and Disposition of the 
 Troops within such Colonies; His Majesty, for the more 
 effectual Prevention of Such Misunderstandings in future, 
 has been pleased to declare His Intentions in that Behalf, 
 by some explanatory Orders, of which I herewith transmit to 
 You a Copy, that You may govern Yourself accordingly. 
 I am with great Truth & Regard 
 Sir 
 
 Your most obedient 
 humble Servant. 
 Dunk Halifax 
 Francis Bernard Esq' Governor of Massachusetts Bay. 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO MAJOR GENERAL GAGE 2 
 
 Castle William, Aug* 27, 1765. 
 Sir, 
 
 I doubt not but you will have an account of the riots at 
 Boston, upon the business of the Stamp Act before this comes 
 to hand. The Mob was so general & so supported, that all 
 civil Power ceased in an instant, & I had not the least au- 
 thority to oppose or quiet the Mob, You are sensible how 
 
 '"Bernard Papers," vol. x (Correspondence), p. 270. 
 ^Ibid., vol. iv (Letter Book), p. 62. 
 
228 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 extreamly weak an American Governor is in regard to popular 
 tumults, without a file of Men at his Command, & having 
 no regular troops, at present, within call. In this state, I 
 could look only towards you : and I was assured that you 
 had but two Companies with you, and those I conceived 
 could not be properly moved from their Present Station for 
 obvious reasons. I therefore listened to flattering hopes 
 that these Troubles might subside of themselves, & that 
 temporary Quiet might take place till we could hear from 
 England. But in this I have been deceived : for the fury 
 of the Mob is grown more extravagant than ever. Last 
 Night they destroyed & rifled the L*^ Gov''^ House from Top 
 to Bottom ; all his Cash, Papers, furniture, Cloaths, &c, are 
 carried off, & wasted & burned ; They served M"^ Hollo well's. 
 Comptroller" of the Customs, after the same manner ; also 
 M"^ Story, the Register of the Admiralty's House, all whose 
 Papers & Books, among which were all the records of the 
 records of the Admiralty, were burnt before his door. An- 
 other House, M"" Paxtons, was intended for ruin ; but begged 
 off by the Landlord of the House. My House was not at- 
 tacked at all ; which I wondered at : for the other Persons 
 having offended them only by being in Ofl&ce under the King, 
 I should have thought, that I should have been reckoned 
 the most offencive. More mischief is daily expected : Where 
 it will end no body knows. In short. The Town of Boston 
 is in the Possession of an incensed & implacable Mob ; I 
 have no force to oppose to them ; I know not whether I shall 
 be able to preserve this Castle, which is threatned to be 
 attacked, if the stamped Papers from England should be, 
 as is designed, placed here. The Garrison, when compleat, 
 amounts but to 60 men; & I dare not reinforce them out 
 of the Country, for fear it should be the Means of betraying 
 
APPENDIX I 229 
 
 the place. Under these difiSculties, I have nothing to do, 
 
 but to apply to you, as his Majesty's Military Commander 
 
 in chief ; & I can only recommend to you to use such means 
 
 as you shall think proper to preserve his Majestys Dominion 
 
 over this Town. I am going to Cambridge to hold a Council 
 
 there, & consider what is to be done upon this occasion ; one 
 
 Measure must be to remove the Government to a place of 
 
 Security, & there call the Assembly, who, I doubt not, will 
 
 testify their Abhorrence of these rebellious Proceedings. 
 
 I am, with great regard, g° &c. 
 Gen' Gage. 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO MAJOR GENERAL GAGE^ 
 
 Boston Aug : 29 1765 
 S^ 
 I herewith send you two Proclamations which will in some 
 
 Measure show the Particulars of two very outragious riots 
 
 at Boston. I also send you the Resolution of Council to 
 
 a Question I put to them after a second riot : as they are of 
 
 Opinion that there is no Occasion for the Assistance of the 
 
 Kings Troops, I cannot ask for them ; nor can I with Safety 
 
 declare my own thoughts on this Occasion. The Town has 
 
 been kept quiet for two Nights Past by Parties of Militia, in 
 
 which the commanding Officers, to do them Justice, have 
 
 been very active. So that I hope that Peace will be restored 
 
 by internal Means only ; but I cant be answerable for it. 
 
 The Council have desired me to cause the Stampt-paper 
 
 when it arrives to be lodged in the Castle to prevent its being 
 
 destroyed : and it is said among the People that the Castle 
 
 shall not Protect the Stampt-paper ; for they are determined 
 
 to take it from thence. The Garrison at the Castle consists 
 
 * "Bernard Papers," vol. iv (Letter Book), p. 66. 
 
230 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 of 60 Men ; and I am going with advice of Council to raise 
 
 a Company of 60 More to reinforce it. I hope this will be 
 
 sufiicient to defend the Castle ; but can't be answerable for it, 
 
 as I know not how it will be attacked. If the Assailants are 
 
 numerous and desperate they must take it ; for the outworks 
 
 must be left undefended : but I hope they will not arrive to 
 
 that Pitch of desperation. As M"" Miller is here, I intend to 
 
 appoint him Lieutenant of the new Company. If I have 
 
 your Leave : he has wrote to the Commanding Officer of his 
 
 Regiment, but has not yet heard of his Resignation being 
 
 accepted. t o 
 
 ^ 1 am &c 
 
 His Ex : Major 
 General Gage 
 
 MAJOR GENERAL GAGE TO GOVERNOR BERNARD 1 
 
 New: YORK Sep^ 6*-^ 1765. 
 Sir, 
 
 I had yesterday Evening the honor of your Letter of the 
 29*? of August Inclosing the Resolution of your Council 
 Board and two Proclamations which you have published. I 
 wish the latter may have a proper Effect, but as none of the 
 Dehnquents have been apprehended and prosecuted I pre- 
 sume it is not practicable to do it ; for it is not possible that 
 they should be unknown. You will receive this by my Aid 
 de Camp Cap^ Sheriffe, by whom you may safely write what 
 you think proper. The Troops are so scattered over the 
 Continent, that I would not be able to collect any consider- 
 able Body to join you under Months; and that by almost 
 deserting the Posts in the upper Country. The nearest Place 
 from whence any Military Force could be sent you is Halifax, 
 and if you shall from your Situation, think it right and Ex- 
 
 ^ "Bernard Papers," vol. x (Correspondence), p. 284. 
 
APPENDIX I 231 
 
 pedient that any Assisstance should be sent you from thence, 
 you will make use of the inclosed Letter to Lieu*: Col? Con- 
 ingham ; who is ordered to throw a Detachment of 100 Men 
 of the 29^^ Reg* and 12 Artillerists into Castle WiUiam. 
 This Number with the two Companys of 60 Men each, which 
 you will have there, may be sufficient for defending that 
 Fortress against any thing that can attack it. The Troops are 
 as much Scattered over Nova : Scotia as the other Provinces, 
 and the only Place I can immediately detach from, is Halifax, 
 which place will be extreamly weakned; and I propose to 
 reinforce it after this Draught of 100 Men, by a Company of 
 the 59'^*' Reg* from Louisbourg and another from S* John's 
 Island. Lord Colvile may send the Troops in some of the 
 ships of War, which will be a further Protection to the Fort, 
 and I think there is no Doubt of His Lordship's doing it, when 
 you convince him of your Situation. I write to His Lordship, 
 which Letter I inclose under a flying Seal for your Perusal, 
 as I do all the orders Sent herewith, and you will forward 
 the whole or not as you Judge best. That no Person might 
 have any Suspicion of your sending a writing purposely to 
 Halifax I have prevailed on Cap* Wallace of the Tryal sloop 
 of War who sails this Day for Halifax, to call at Boston un- 
 designedly, in his way, so that you may dispatch him with 
 any Letters you please. By the Description I have had of 
 Castle William, I think with the Garrison proposed, and the 
 ships of war nothing effectual could be brought against it. 
 And I may hereafter when I shall hear fully from you ; and 
 that you think it necessary, reinforce that Place considerably. 
 You will consider how the Castle is provided with Military 
 stores and Artillery, how the Garrison can be best Supplied 
 with Provisions, after what they carry with them shall be 
 expended and how the Troops are lodged, and that they have 
 
232 BARRINGTON-BERNAKD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 a sufficiency of Fuel, not to be in Danger of going away thr'o 
 want or being cutt of in search of those Articles. You will 
 acquaint me if you are in want of an Engineer, one shall be 
 sent you, if you are. If I get hold of Castle William, I will 
 engage to keep it fast as long as shall be necessary. You 
 will think of the orders proper to be given to the Cap^ of 
 the 29^'' Reg^ to whom you will no Doubt give the Command 
 of the Castle. He will have orders to obey your Commands 
 in general, but you may possibly be in such Circumstances 
 as to be obliged to give orders, which you would wish should 
 not be obeyed. Of this you will give me your opinion, and I will 
 furnish the Captain with such specifick Orders from me, that 
 nothing which you shall do from forceable Methods shall be 
 obeyed, viz* To deliver the Castle into the Hands of no 
 Persons whatever, but defend it to the last, not to deliver 
 anything deposited in it, even by your orders, etc. From 
 the Terms of your Letter, these Precautions may be necessary, 
 you will take Care that the Troops shall have admission into 
 the Castle when they arrive; as MF Miller seems to be a Person 
 in whom you have Confidence, you may contrive Matters with 
 him, so that he may command there at the Time they do arrive, 
 or use any other proper Method which you shall Judge the best. 
 I am with great Regards, 
 Sir, 
 If you can find a more 
 
 expeditious Method to convey Your most obedient, 
 
 the Letters to Halifax, you will do it humble Servant, 
 of Course, without waiting for the Tryal rp p 
 sloop for it seems to me that no Time should 
 be lost 
 
 T:G: 
 His Ex'y GovF Bernard 
 
APPENDIX I 233 
 
 MAJOR GENERAL GAGE TO LIEUTENANT CONINGHAMEi 
 
 New-york Sep*. 6^'' 1765. 
 Sir, 
 
 You will please with all speed to embark a Detachment of 
 the 29^'' Regiment consisting of one Captain, three Subal- 
 terns, four Serjeants one Drum, and one Hundred Men Rank 
 and File and you will keep their Destination, which will be 
 explained to you, as secret as you can, not letting the Captain 
 receive his orders till the moment he sails. You will consult 
 only with Lord Colville or officer Commanding His Majesty's 
 Squadron, to whom you will apply, for to put the Detachment 
 on Board some of the ships of War, which I am to imagine 
 will accompany the Detachment to the Place of their Destina- 
 tion, and you will supply the said Detachment with three months 
 Provisions at least. I write to Lord Colville by this Oppor- 
 tunity, who I make no Doubt will give all Assistance in his 
 Power, and as the voyage is short, will make no objection to 
 crowding the ships for a short Time. You will order the 
 Captain to proceed to the Harbour of Boston, and find means 
 as well as he can, to throw his Detachment into Castle-William, 
 of which Fort he will take the Command and acquaint the 
 Governor as soon as he can of his arrival there, to garrison 
 that Fortress by my Order. The Provincial Forces, consist- 
 ing of two Comp^^ of 60 Men each which he will find in the 
 Castle, will neither oppose his landing, or Entrance into the 
 Castle, and will remain under his Command for the better 
 Security and Protection of it. The Captain will obey such 
 orders as Gov5 Bernard shall give him, except perhaps in 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. x (Correspondence), p. 288. This letter is indexed 
 as from General Gage to Governor Bernard, but is to Lieutenant Coninghame 
 as shown by the superscription, and is of interest in connection with the pre- 
 ceding letter. 
 
234 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 some Cases, wherein I shall Judge expedient to send him 
 Specifick Orders from myself; of which he will have Notice 
 hereafter. 
 
 As the Garrison of Halifax will be greatly reduced by the 
 sending away this Detachment, I transmit you orders for 
 Lieu[ Colonel Pringle to send you a Company of the 59*'' 
 Reg!^ from Louisbourg, and likewise for the Officer Commanding 
 at S' John's Island, to send you a Company from Fort : 
 Amherst, and you will take up a proper Number of Vessels 
 to send to those Places to answer the Purpose of transporting 
 them to Halifax. 
 
 I am, Sir, 
 P : S : Your most obedient 
 
 You will please to send with humble Servant, 
 
 the Detachment, £2 Men of the Royal Tho^ Gage 
 
 Reg^ of Artillery, a proper Proportion of 
 Gunners & Matrosses. 
 
 T: G: 
 Lieu*^^ Coninghame 29*? Reg* 
 
 MAJOR GENERAL GAGE TO LORD COLVILLE^ 
 
 New YORK Sep* 6*^- 1765 . 
 My Lord, 
 
 You will hear from Gov" Bernard the present distracted 
 state of his Province ; The Tumults, Riots and Robberies that 
 have been committed in the City of Boston ; the Threats 
 of the Populace even to attack Castle William in Case the 
 stamps are deposited there, and that the Governor can not 
 
 1 First written "Lieu* Colo" 
 
 * "Bernard Papers," vol. x (Correspondence), p. 292. This is indexed as 
 from General Thomas Gage to Governor Bernard, but it is to Lord Colville, as 
 plainly shown by the superscription. 
 
APPENDIX I 235 
 
 with Safety declare his thoughts upon the Expediency of 
 applying to you or me for Assisstance. The only timely aid 
 that I can give him, is by detaching one Hundred Men from 
 the Garrison of Hahfax to throw themselves into Castle- 
 William ; the only Retreat the Governor can have should he be 
 drove from his Capital, which is not at all unlikely; the 
 Lieu^ Govf haveing been already very barbarously used, his 
 House demohshed, plundered and robbed of every thing in it. 
 By this opportunity I send orders to Lieutenant Colonel 
 Coninghame to embark one Hundred Men, with as much 
 Expedition, and Secrecy as to their Destination as possible ; and 
 if your Lordship should judge proper to embark them on Board 
 any of the ships of War under your Command, with orders 
 for them the ships, to remain in the Harbour of Boston ; 
 the Detachment may be thrown into Castle William, and 
 every thing so secured, that the whole Force of the Province 
 can not avail to do any hurt. What Situation they are in at 
 present, I can't say, or what Turn Affairs may have taken 
 since the late Lawless and Riotou s Proceedings. B ut if Matters 
 are in such a state, as to make it proper and expedient for His 
 Majesty's service, that your Lordship and myself should act 
 in the manner proposed to you, This Letter will be forwarded 
 to you from Boston. The more secrecy and Dispatch there 
 is used in this Business, the better it will be. 
 
 I have the honor to be with great Regard & Esteem, 
 My Lord, 
 
 Your Lordship's, 
 Most obedient, 
 Right Hon**!^ Lord Colville and most humble Servant 
 
 Tho* Gage 
 
236 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO MAJOR GENERAL GAGE^ 
 
 Boston Sep^ 12. 1765 
 
 The Concern you have shown for the peace of this Town by 
 sending Cap- Sheriff to enquire into the state of it deserves 
 my best acknowledgements. At present there is a consider- 
 able alteration in the humours of the people ; and tho as the 
 cause of the late commotions is not removed, We may expect 
 that it will some time or other produce Similar Effects ; Yet 
 as the Town at present is in a tolerable state of tranquillity, 
 I am will to try the utmost to improve it to good purpose: 
 and the more so, as I have appointed the Assembly to sit at 
 this Town in a fortnights time, I am very desirous that it may 
 by kept in quiet, untill that time. Indeed the Power & Au- 
 thority of Government is really at an end : but I am willing to 
 content my self with the form of it, in hopes that in time the 
 peoples Eyes may be opened & their passions subside before 
 the application of external force shall become necessary. 
 
 For this purpose I have consented to the earnest & unani- 
 mous desire that I'd countermand the orders for raising 
 men to reinforce the garrison of the Castle : for which the 
 following reasons have been given. 
 
 I That the people appear to be very differently disposed now 
 than they were when the raising the men was advised ; 
 there not appearing to be any intention to destroy the stamps 
 or attack the castle at present, the dangerous consequences of 
 such attempts being more apparent now. 2 That this Measure 
 has created ^ great uneasiness in the people they being very 
 Jealous of the introduction of new forces of any kind; and 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. iv (Letter Book), p. 69. 
 
 ^ First written "occasioned," then changed to "created." 
 
APPENDIX I 237 
 
 if this uneasiness should so increase as to be active, it might 
 occasion more dangers to the Castle than the reinforcement 
 would counterballance. 3. That as it is now known that the 
 stamps probably will not arrive 'till the Assembly is sitting, 
 it will be best to leave to them to provide for their security ; 
 otherwise they may take umbrage at seeing forces raised with- 
 out their Authority for a Service which has not commenced 
 at the time of their sitting ; and thereby a dissention might 
 be introduced to the General Court at a time when unanimity 
 is most needfull. This last reason has great weight with me : 
 for I desire nothing more than to charge the Assembly with 
 the Defence of the Stamps; for then the province becomes 
 formally answerable for them, and if the people should destroy 
 them they must pay for them. 
 
 These reasons also conclude against the introducing regular 
 troops at this time : to which may be added one other very 
 Material. The introducing a single Company to the Castle 
 would certainly be made use of to inflame the Assembly; 
 & I am particularly desirous that they should be as cool as 
 may be. I have no general dependence upon my being able 
 to prevail upon the Assembly to counterwork the passions of 
 the people. I am assured & I believe that I shall not. But 
 I shall be glad to have fair play & a clear stage, that my 
 endeavours for that purpose may be effectual as possible to 
 do without, troops should not be sent here 'till there are suffi- 
 cient numbers of them. A small force would irritate the people 
 & not protect the Government. As I am now in all appearance 
 safe in Boston, & I shall soon be able to charge the Assembly with 
 the care of the stamps, I hope I shall be able to hold out, untill 
 orders come from England, which probably will be accompanied 
 with forces. For I cant think that so Violent an opposition 
 to an act of parliament can fail of meeting with general resent- 
 
238 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 ment there. For these reasons, I shall not at present forward 
 the orders which you have favoured me with, but I shall 
 write to Lord Colville by the tryal, & give him an account 
 of the present state of the Town & my own situation, with 
 advice of the letters you have favoured me with my reasons 
 for not making use of them now. 
 
 I have been obliged by my engagements in making up 
 dispatches for a ship which sailed for England yesterday to 
 detain Cap* Sherrif to this day, which I have less scrupled to 
 do, as no particular expedition is required. As for the Castle 
 he will give you some information of it & will inform you 
 how you will receive a more particular Account. 
 
 I am. with great regard 
 His Excellency Maj' General Gage /S'' your most obedient 
 
 / &c &c 
 
 CHARLES LOWNDES TO GOVERNOR BERNARD 1 
 
 Sir, 
 
 I am directed by the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's 
 Treasury to Signify to your Excellency their desire that you 
 will give your Aid and Assistance to the Distributor of Stamps 
 within your Government in whatever may relate to his Duty in 
 the execution of his Ofi&ce under the Act passed in the last 
 Session of Parliament and that your Excellency would be 
 particular in Seeing that the Chief Distributor do Appoint 
 under Distributors in every proper Town and place within 
 your Government and that each of the said under Distributors 
 be well Supplyed with Stamps for all Demands And that Your 
 Excellency would be very attentive to the detection of any 
 
 '"Bernard Papers," vol. x (Correspondence), p. 300. Charles Lowndes was 
 Joint Secretary of the Lords of the Treasury. 
 
APPENDIX I 239 
 
 frauds which may arise in this Branch of His Majesty's 
 Revenues And in case it shall have happen'd that any chief 
 Distributor residing in your Governments hath not given 
 Security for the due Execution of his Ofhce That Your Excel- 
 lency will take care that he do forthwith execute his Bond 
 for the same which Bond when executed Your Excellency is 
 desired to return to the Stamp Office. My Lords so much 
 depend upon your Attention to the Public Service that they 
 cannot doubt of Receiving Information from your Excellency 
 in case any remissness in the Execution of the Office of the 
 Chief Distributor within your Government or other Mis- 
 managements or Abuses whatsoever shall Appear to you 
 
 Treasury Chambers, I Am 
 
 Sept: 14 : 1765. your Excellency's most obedient 
 
 humble Servant. 
 
 Cha Lowndes 
 
 Francis Bernard Esq' Governor of Massachusets Bay. 
 
 GREY COOPER TO GOVERNOR BERNARD ^ 
 
 Sir, 
 
 The Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury 
 having read several Letters from M^ Oliver, late Distributor of 
 Stamps at Boston in Massachuset's Bay, giving an Account 
 of great Outrages committed by the People of Boston, on the 
 14^ 15*1* and 26"^ of August last; and signifying that he 
 had been obliged to resign His Office of Distributor of Stamps 
 and Expressing His Apprehensions that the Stamp Paper 
 would be in danger of being Seized by the Populace, upon the 
 Arrival of the Ship, which carried it to Boston; are pleased 
 
 ' "Bernard Papers," vol. x (Correspondence), p. 304. Grey Cooper was one 
 of the Joint Secretaries of the Lords of the Treasury. 
 
240 BARRINGTON -BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 to direct Your Excellency to see that the Stamps be duly 
 distributed until a Distributor be appointed by My Lords; 
 and Their Lordships recommend it to you, and, by your 
 Mediation, to the several Magistrates in your Excellency's 
 Government, to exert yourselves with Spirit, and Firmness, 
 in order to inforce a due obedience to the Laws, and to take 
 care that His Majesty's Revenue suffers no Detriment 
 or Diminution. 
 
 I am, 
 Treasury Chambers. 
 
 Octf : 8*:'' 1765. Your Excellency's 
 
 Most humble Servant, 
 Grey Cooper. 
 His Ex^i^ Francis Bernard Govf of Massachusets Bay. 
 
 H. S. CONWAY TO GOVERNOR BERNARD ^ 
 
 S* James's,^ October 24^'' 1765. 
 Sir, 
 
 Your Letters of the 15'^ 16^!^ 22*? & 31^^ of August have 
 been received ; the three former not till yesterday. 
 
 It is with the greatest Concern His Majesty learns the 
 Disturbances, which have lately arisen in your Province ; the 
 general Confusion that seems to reign there; and the total 
 Languor, and Want of Energy in your Government to exert 
 itself with any Dignity or Efficacy for the Suppression of 
 Tumults, which seem to strike at the very Being of all Author- 
 
 * "Bernard Papers," vol. x (Correspondence), p. 318. This letter is printed 
 in Almon's Prior Documents (p. 40) and is very nearly like the manuscript; 
 the few differences are noted. Belsham {Memoirs of the Reign of George III, 
 ed. 1808, vol. ii, 421) gives the circular letter to the governors of the several 
 provinces which is substantially the same as this to Governor Bernard. Conway 
 was one of the Principal Secretaries of State. 
 
 ^"St. James's" is omitted in Prior Documents. 
 
APPENDIX I 241 
 
 ity and Subordination amongst You. His Majesty cannot 
 but with the greatest Surprise hear of the Refusal of your 
 council to call for the Aid of any regular Force to the Support 
 of the Civil Magistracy, at a time when it seems You had 
 Reason to think there was no other Power capable of providing 
 for the Peace and Quiet of the Province. Nothing can cer- 
 tainly exceed the ill-advised and intemperate Conduct held by 
 a Party in your Province, which can in no way contribute 
 to the Removal of any real Grievance They might labour 
 under, but may tend to obstruct and impede the Exertion of 
 His Majesty's benevolent Attention to the Ease and Comfort, 
 as well as the Welfare of all his People. 
 
 It is hoped, and expected, that this Want of Confidence 
 in the Justice and Tenderness of the Mother Country, and 
 this open Resistance to it's Authority, can only have found 
 Place among the lower and more ignorant of the People ; The 
 better and wiser Part ^ of the Colonies will know, that Decency 
 and Submission may prevail, not only to redress Grievances, 
 but to obtain Grace and Favour; while the Outrage of a 
 publick Violence can expect Nothing but Severity & Chastise- 
 ment. These Sentiments You and all His Majesty's Servants, 
 from a Sense of your Duty to, and Love of your Country, will 
 endeavour to excite and encourage. You will all, in a particu- 
 lar manner, call upon them, not to render their case desper- 
 ate. You will, in the the strongest Colours, represent to 
 them the dreadful Consequences, that must inevitably attend 
 the forcible and violent Resistance to Acts of the British 
 Parliament, and the Scene of Misery and Distraction to both 
 Countries, inseparable from such a Conduct. 
 
 If, by lenient & persuasive Methods, You can contribute 
 to restore that Peace and Tranquility to the Provinces, on 
 * This reads "and more wise part" in Prior Documents. 
 
242 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 which their Welfare and Happiness depend, You will do a 
 most acceptable and essential Service to your Country: 
 But, having taken every Step, which the utmost Prudence 
 and Lenity can dictate, in Compassion to the Folly and 
 Ignorance of some misguided People, You will not, on the 
 other hand, fail to use your utmost Power for repelling all 
 Acts of Outrage, and Violence, and to provide for the Main- 
 tenance of Peace and good order in the Province, by such a 
 timely Exertion of Force, as the Occasion may require ; for 
 which Purpose You will make the proper Applications to 
 General Gage, or Lord Colville, Commanders of His Majesty's 
 Land & Naval Forces in America. For, however unwillingly 
 His Majesty may consent to the Exertion of such Powers as 
 may endanger the Safety of a single Subject, yet can He 
 not permit his own Dignity, and the Authority of the British 
 Legislature, to be trampled on by Force and Violence, and in 
 avowed Contempt of all Order, Duty, and Decorum. 
 
 If the Subject is aggrieved, he knows in what manner 
 legally and constitutionally to apply for Relief ; but it is not 
 suitable either to the Safety or Dignity of the British Empire, 
 that any Individuals, under the Pretence of redressing Griev- 
 ances, should presume to violate the Publick Peace. 
 I am,^ with great Truth and Regard, 
 Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient 
 humble Servant 
 P. S. H. S. Conway 
 
 The Sloop, which 
 carries this, will carry 
 Orders to Lord Colville, 
 
 iThe rest omitted in Prior Documents, which reads "I am &c 
 
 H. S. Conway." 
 
APPENDIX I 243 
 
 and to the Governor of 
 Nova Scotia, to send to 
 Your Assistance any Force, 
 which may be thought necessary 
 from thence, and which that 
 Province can supply. 
 The Favour of your Letter of the 
 •j^^ September is just received.^ 
 Governor Bernard. 
 
 H. S. CONWAY TO GOVERNOR BERNARD 2 
 
 Circular. 
 
 S^ James's March i'.* 1766. 
 Sir, 
 
 I am very sorry not to be able as yet to give You any Instruc- 
 tion for the Rule of your Conduct in the perplexed Situation of 
 Things in the Colonies ; But the Parliament, to whose Wisdom 
 His Majesty has been pleased to refer those affairs, not 
 having come to any ultimate Decision thereon, I may not 
 presume to give You any positive Direction : at the same time 
 It is, I think, my Duty to inform You, — that a Bill is brought 
 in, and has made some Progress in the House of Commons, 
 for the Repeal of the Stamp Act; and that other Proceedings, 
 relative to the mutual Rights of Great Britain and her Colonies, 
 are also in consideration before Parliament. As soon as ever 
 any Thing is ultimately determined by the Legislature, You 
 may depend upon the speediest Information from me; and 
 will not fail to receive therewith His Majesty's farther Instruc- 
 tions. In the mean time. The King relies on your Discretion 
 to take the properest Measures, that the Circumstances of 
 
 1 This last sentence is omitted in Prior Documents. 
 * "Bernard Papers," vol. x (Correspondence), p. 336. 
 
244 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 the Times may require, for the Good of the Colony committed 
 to your Care. 
 
 I am, with great Truth and Regard, 
 Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient 
 humble Servant 
 Governor of Massachuset's Bay./ H. S. Conway 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO 1 
 
 Boston July 3 1766 
 S^ 
 
 The Important Concerns in which I am now employed ^ 
 will not allow me to attend to the little altercations which 
 you seem so desirous to engage me in. When I shall have 
 some^ leis: re I shall be Very glad for my own sake to write 
 upon ^ your subject not only on the present Case, but on the 
 other ways & means ^ which you have employed ^ to em- 
 barrass my Administration. In the Mean time you may 
 represent ^ what you please against me if you do it with 
 truth : for which purpose in the present case you will be 
 much assisted by the Advice in writing which I gave to M"^ 
 Savage,^ which, no doubt he did,^ as he said he would, com- 
 municate to you. 
 
 1 "Bernard Papers," vol. v (Letter Book), p. i8i. This was probably written 
 to John Temple, Surveyor of the Customs for the Northern District with whom 
 Bernard was in open war. 
 
 2 First written "engaged in," then changed to "attending to" and then to 
 "employed." 
 
 ^ First written "a little." 
 
 * First written "glad to attend to your," then changed to "glad for my own 
 sake to write upon your." 
 
 ^ Followed by "with," then crossed out. ^ First written "endeavour'd." 
 ^ Followed by "me as you," then changed to "what you please against me." 
 
 * Followed by "I am so far from," then crossed out. ^ First written "has." 
 
APPENDIX I 245 
 
 Whenever you shall think proper to order the officers of the 
 Customs to act in the prosecution or dismission of Goods 
 seized by them ^ without or contrary to the Opinion of the 
 Governor & the Advice of the Kings Advocate, I think they 
 ought to have their orders in writing. 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO LORD HARRINGTON 2 
 
 Boston Jan 28 1768. 
 My Lord 
 
 I understand that it is a prevailing Opinion on your side 
 of the Ocean that America, if let alone will come to herself & 
 return to the same Sense of Duty & obedience to Great Britain 
 which she professed before. But It seems to me that observ- 
 ing & considerate Men on this side the water expect no such 
 thing. If indeed the 111 temper of the Americans had arose 
 from accidental Causes, & exercised itself without meddling 
 with fundamental principles, the Cause ceasing the effects 
 might also cease ; & the subject of complaint being removed, 
 a perfect & durable conciliation might be restored. 
 
 But when the Dispute has been carried so far as to ^ in- 
 volve in it ^ matters of the highest importance to the imperial 
 Sovreignty, when it has produced questions which the Sov- 
 reign state cannot give up, & the dependent states insist 
 upon as the terms of a reconciliation ; when the imperial 
 state has so far given way as to flatter the dependent states 
 
 ' Followed by "contrary," then crossed out. 
 
 ^ "Bernard Papers," vol. xi (Correspondence), p. 127. This letter is printed 
 in Bernard's Select Letters on the Trade and Government of America (London, 
 1774), p. 53. The letter as found in Select Letters is substantially like this second 
 draft, but quite different from the first ; see above, p. 131. 
 
 ' Followed by "take," then crossed off. 
 
 ^Followed by "question," then crossed off. 
 
246 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 that their pretensions are admissible; Whatever terms of 
 reconciliation Time Accident or Design may ^ produce, if 
 they are - deficient in settling the true relation of ^ great 
 Britain to ^ her Colonies, & ascertaining the bounds of the 
 Sovreignty of the one & the dependency of the other, Con- 
 ciliation will be no more than a Suspension of Animosity; 
 the seeds of which will be left in the ground ready to start 
 up again whenever there shall be a new occasion for the 
 Americans to assert their independence of ^ the Authority of 
 parliament; that is whenever the parliament shall make 
 ordinances which the Americans shall tliink not for their 
 intrest to obey. 
 
 It was easy to be foreseen that the distinctions used in 
 parliament in favour of the Americans would be adopted by 
 them & received as fundamental laws. It would signify 
 nothing by what numbers these distinctions were rejected : 
 the respectableness of the Names of the promoters of them, 
 & the apparent intrest of y^ Americans in maintaining them 
 would outweigh all authority of Numbers for the contrary 
 Opinion. It was also to be foreseen that the Americans 
 would carry these distinctions much farther than the pro- 
 moters could possibly intend they should be. But yet they ^ 
 never gave me any concern; because they carried their remedy 
 with them: if they were hurtful to the constitution, 
 they^ had an antidote at hand and like the antient 
 Spear, if they wounded the Sovreign state they produced a 
 rust to cure it. If the parliament cant tax the Americans 
 
 > First written "shall." » First written "have." 
 
 ' First written "between." ♦ First written "&." 
 
 * At first "pretensions against," then changed to "independence of." 
 •At first "these distinctions," then changed to "they." 
 ^At first followed by "carried their remedy with them," then changed to 
 "had an antidote at hand and." 
 
APPENDIX I 247 
 
 because they are not represented, it may allow them repre- 
 sentatives, & the Authority is compleat. 
 
 I have been used & allways ^ disposed to set an high ^ 
 value upon the Wisdom of Statesmen perhaps sometimes 
 higher than it may ' deserve ; and I am still desirous rather 
 to err on that side than the opposite. When '* the great Man 
 of ^ whose political Abilities I then had & still have the highest 
 reverence, founded his^ impeachment of the power of par- 
 liament to tax the Americans upon the Want of American 
 representatives, It appeared to me to be a stroke of refined 
 policy. I considered this difficulty to be started, in order to 
 enforce the necessity of allowing the Americans to send 
 representatives to parliament. I considered not only the 
 Advantages which would arise from such an ordinance for 
 the present by removing all objections to the power of par- 
 liament ; but also the benefit which must arise for the future 
 by ^ incorporating America with Great Britain in an Union 
 which must more effectually prevent a Separation than can be 
 provided ^ by any other means. If this Objection had been pur- 
 sued to this conclusion. The Author of it would have been de- 
 servedly esteemed the benefactor of both Countries. Without 
 this conclusion It is not easy to See how^ this Contravention 
 of the Authority of parliament can be of service to either. 
 
 Let us state the positions urged in parliament on the behalf 
 
 1 At first "am still," then changed to "allways." ^ At first "higher," 
 
 ^ At first "they perhaps," then changed to "it may." 
 
 * The text, beginning with this sentence and going through the paragraph, 
 is printed in Mrs. Napier Higgins's Bernards of Abington, ii, 102. It is taken 
 from Select Letters as it has the differences of that print. ^ First written "for." 
 
 * .At first "pronounced for the," then changed to "founded his." 
 
 ^ At first followed by "an Union of the two," then changed to "incorporating 
 Americans," and finally to "incorporating America." 
 ^ Followed by "against," then crossed off. 
 ® At first followed by "it can produce any good." 
 
248 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 of the Americans & the use which has been made of them in 
 America, & see how far the chain of reasoning can be extended. 
 It was said in parliament, that i. The parliament has no 
 right to tax the Americans, because the Americans have no 
 representatives in parhament. 2. But they have a right to 
 impose port duties or external taxes because such duties are 
 for the regulation of trade. 3. The difference between an 
 external and an internal tax is that the former is imposed 
 for the regulation of trade & the latter for raising a Revenue. 
 From these premisses the Americans have drawn the follow- 
 ing conclusions, i . Port duties imposed for raising a Revenue 
 are internal Taxes. 2. Port duties of which the produce is 
 to be paid into the Exchequer for the use of Government are 
 imposed for raising a revenue. 3. The produce of all the port 
 duties imposed upon America is ordered to be paid into the 
 Exchequer for the use of Government. 4 All the Port Duties 
 imposed upon America are internal Taxes. The only differ- 
 ence between the Port duties declared to be for raising a 
 Revenue, & those of which no such declaration is made is 
 that in one the Intention is explicit ; in the other it is implied : 
 they both come within the definition of internal taxes, & there 
 are no taxes left for the distinction to operate upon. 
 
 This is not a fictitious Argument but a real one now urged 
 & insisted upon as the terms of a good agreement between 
 great Britain & her Colonies. For proof of which I refer 
 your Lordship to the Farmer's Letters, in which you ^ will 
 find the whole of this argument laid down either positively 
 or consequentially. What then shall be done ? shall the par- 
 liament make a new declarative Act ? See ! here are counter- 
 declarations to the former Act. shall they take no notice of 
 these American pretensions? they will then be confirmed 
 
 * At first "your Lordship," then changed to "you." 
 
APPENDIX I 249 
 
 in the minds of the Americans & become really, what they are 
 now proclamed to be, a Bill of American rights. The right 
 Way to get rid of these difficulties, which have arose out of 
 the political dissentions at Westminster, is to allow the Ameri- 
 cans to send representatives. This will be a full Answer to 
 all their pretensions : it has been for some time past expedient ; 
 it is now become necessary. 
 
 In one of the news-papers inclosed with this is a Speech 
 said to have been spoke in the house of Lords, which has 
 been reprinted from a London pamphlet. The whole Argu- 
 ment of this does not tend to show that the Americans ought 
 not to be taxed, but that previously to their being taxed, they 
 ought to be allowed to Send representatives. This has been 
 extremely well received here, altho' the conclusion is for an 
 American representation. If this was really a Speech of a 
 Lord of that House, it might have been properly answered 
 by admitting the conclusion and thereby avoiding a dispute 
 about the premisses. If the Americans should be allowed 
 representatives, it would become a Question merely Specu- 
 lative, whether Representation is necessary to Taxation or 
 not. 
 
 And yet the Americans in general do not desire a repre- 
 sentation, tho' the publications on their behalf all tend to 
 that conclusion ; and Some of them seem calculated to force 
 the parliament into that measure as the only one which will 
 satisfy them.^ The truth is that tho' the Leaders of the 
 People set out with a view of obtaining a representation & 
 have never lost sight of it; it has but lately occurred to the 
 people in general that this may be a probable consequence 
 of their denying the Authority of parliament. The former 
 have had no objection to being representatives ; but the 
 
 * Followed by "pretensions," then crossed out. 
 
250 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 people have not as yet seen their intrest in Sending them. 
 It is from this disposition in the demagogues, as well as from 
 the support they received in parhament turning upon the 
 same question, that the Americans have founded all their 
 Arguments against the Authority of parhament on their 
 want of representatives in it; and a System for separating 
 them from parliament is formed upon a proposition which 
 it is in the power of the parliament at [blank space] pleasure 
 to convert into the means of more closely uniting them with 
 it. But the mutual intrest of the two Countries seems to be 
 equally misunderstood on both sides of the Water. 
 
 I will illustrate this Account of the Ideas of the Americans 
 by fresh facts. At the opening of the present Session of the 
 Assembly of this province, a Member who had distinguished 
 himself by carrying the objections to the Authority of par- 
 liament to their greatest length, now in a set speech retracted 
 all his former Opinions, & said that he had fully informed 
 himself of the relation between Great Britain & her Colonies, 
 & was convinced that the power of parliament over her colonies 
 was absolute, with this qualification, that they ought not 
 to tax them untill they allowed them to send representatives ; & 
 that if the Colonies had representatives the power of parlia- 
 ment would be as perfect in America as it was in England. 
 He then argued for an American Representation, & said it 
 was now become a Measure necessary both to Great Britain 
 & the Colonies, for the heahng the breaches between them. 
 
 This surprised the House : but their Eyes began to open. 
 A Member on the Side of Government charged the oppo- 
 sition with an intention to make an American Representa- 
 tion necessary by their denying the authority of Acts of 
 parliament over them because they were not represented. 
 The proofs he adduced & the equivocal Answers of the other 
 
APPENDIX I 251 
 
 party left little doubt of this. Upon this an old Member 
 (whose name & Character is well known in England) said 
 that as they were determined to have representatives, He 
 begg'd leave to recommend to them a Merchant who would 
 undertake to carry their representatives to England for half 
 what they would sell for when they arrived there. 
 
 It ^ has been a serious Objection that American represen- 
 tatives would be subject to undue influence : but are not 
 English representatives so ? & is that an argument ag^*^ having 
 parliaments? Another is that the Colonies would not be 
 able to maintain them. Both these, which contradict each 
 other, would be easily answered : but the most intresting 
 Objection, which is not avowed & therefore cannot receive a 
 formal Answer, is that an American Representation will take 
 away all pretences for disputing the Ordinances of parliament. 
 The Admission of American representatives into parHament, 
 will allow of the continuing the provincial Assemblies for the 
 purposes of domestic (Economy; & therefore no Objections 
 have been drawn from the cessation of the inferior legisla- 
 tures; the supposition of which would create infinite diffi- 
 culties. 
 
 Upon the whole. My Lord, if there was no Necessity for 
 the appointment of American representatives (which I think 
 there is & that very pressing) the Idea of it greatly enlarges 
 my View of the Grandeur of the British Empire. And if 
 there is any Danger of its falling to pieces, which surely can- 
 not be too much guarded against, it seems to me that noth- 
 ing could so effectually provide against so fatal an Event, 
 as binding the Colonies to the Mother Country by an incor- 
 porating Union, & giving them a share in the Sovreign legis- 
 lature. If this was done there could [be] no dispute about^ 
 1 First written "This." * First written "of," and then changed to "about." 
 
252 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 the rights & priviledges of Americans in contradistinction to 
 those of Britons ; and an Opposition by force to the Govern- 
 ment of Great Britain would have but one name. And then 
 We might expect a longer Duration to the entire British 
 Empire than desponding poUticians are willing to promise at 
 the present time, & in its present state. 
 
 [not signed] 
 
 UNKNOWN TO UNKNOWN * 
 
 I have been of no small service to Gov^ Bernard, his pubUc 
 speech, & some other matters that had the appearance of 
 giving way to the populace had like to have done him great 
 injury, & so much, when he would have recovered I do not 
 know. I Cid not urge his tarrying at Boston, if a better 
 place could be provided for him, but wish^, by all means to 
 continue him. It is doubted much his want of Spirit in 
 conducting in these new measures. For God sake if he has 
 a regard for himself let him take care how he errs too much 
 on the side of the popular clamour, his ceeding to J Hancock 
 & his answer to the town meeting was of no service to him. 
 pray be as little communicative as possible about matters, 
 send for Judge Auchmuty & advise with him in any case 
 you have occasion. I know him to be a good Man let him 
 know this ab* the Govf but no body else. I know more than 
 I dare say — dated 31 July 68 
 
 * "Bernard Papers," vol. xi (Correspondence), p. 253. 
 
APPENDIX I 253 
 
 GOVERNOR BERNARD TO » 
 
 Confidential 
 
 Boston Dec 23 1768 
 Dear Sir 
 
 The Minds of Men in this Town and Country, are at pres- 
 ent greatly agitated with the Expectation of what will be 
 done at Westminster in Contravention of the late Proceed- 
 ings at Boston. And those Persons who have Reason to 
 expect a severe Censure from Great Britain do not appear 
 to be so anxious for the Event, as the Friends and Well- 
 wishers to the Authority of the Government and the real 
 Wellfare of the Province are under the Apprehension that 
 the Government of Great Britain may not take the full 
 Advantage of what the late mad & wicked Proceedings of the 
 Sons of ^fbmf have put in their Hands. They say that 
 the late wild Attempt to create a Revolt & take the Govern- 
 ment of this Province out of the Kings into their own Hands 
 affords so fair an Opportunity for the Supreme Power to 
 reform the Constitution of this subordinate Government, to 
 dispell the Faction which has harrast this Province for 3 
 Years past, and to inflict a proper & not a severe Censure 
 upon some of the Heads of it, that, if it is now neglected, they 
 say it is not like soon perhaps ever to happen again. I hear 
 so much of this from all the sensible Men I converse with, 
 that tho' I had resolved not to write upon these delicate 
 Subjects any further than my Answers to Letters should 
 make it necessary, I cannot excuse myself giving you some 
 
 1" Bernard Papers," vol. vii (Letter Book), p. 239. There is no letter to 
 Lord Barrington between Oct. 28, 1768, and Feb. 20, 1769; but, meanwhile, 
 Governor Bernard wrote to some unknown person the above letter, which is 
 so interesting in giving the situation at the moment that it is printed in full. 
 
254 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 Hints of the reasonings used here upon this important and 
 
 critical Occasion. 
 
 It is said that the Town-Meeting, the Convention & the 
 Refusal of the Justices to billet the Soldiers, severally point 
 out & justify the means whereby i. the Disturbers of the 
 Peace of the Government may be properly censured; 2, the 
 Magistracy of the Town reformed ; & 3 the Constitution of 
 the Government amended : all of them most desirable Ends, 
 & some of them quite necessary to the Restoration of the 
 Kings Authority. I will consider these separately. 
 
 I The Town-Meeting which appointed the Convention un- 
 doubtedly intended thereby to bring about a Revolt. Not 
 only the frequent Declarations previous to that Meeting 
 that they would resume the Government, but the very pro- 
 ceedings of the Meeting, as published by themselves plainly 
 evidence that that was the Intention : the colouring flung 
 over it is seen thro' by the dullest Eye. It is now known 
 that the Plan was to seize the Governor & Lieut Gov'', and 
 take Possession of the Treasury and then set up their Stand- 
 ard. This was disappointed by the Failure of the Con- 
 vention; the Members of which having Lands & Tenements 
 to forfeit could not be so indifferent about the Consequences 
 of such a Measure, as the Proposers of it who have little or 
 Nothing to lose. But shall so open & notorious an Attempt 
 to raise a Rebellion remain unpunished because it was un- 
 successful ? and if it should, would it not give encouragement 
 to another Attempt which might have Success? Some 
 Punishment is surely due; and it would be very gentle, if 
 it should be what has been talked of here : that the principal 
 Persons concerned in calling the Convention should be dis- 
 qualified by Act of Parliament from setting in the Assembly 
 or holding any Place of Office during his Majesty's Pleasure. 
 
APPENDIX I 255 
 
 This would not only contribute greatly to restore Peace & 
 Order to this Government, but by the Example, would tend 
 to preserve them in other Governments. Happily the Per- 
 sons concerned in this Business would form a complete List 
 for such a Censure which would stand as follows. 
 
 Moderator of the Town Meeting. Ja^ Otis jun"^ Esq'' 
 
 Select Men who signed the circular 
 Letters 
 
 " Joseph Jackson Esq' 
 John Ruddock Esq 
 John Hancock Esq' 
 John Rowe Esq' 
 Samuel Pemberton Esq' 
 
 WilHam Cooper Gent — 
 
 Town Clerk who prepared & cir- 1 
 culated the Letters J 
 
 Speaker of the Convention. Thomas Gushing Esq' 
 
 Clerk of the Convention Samuel Adams Gent' — 
 
 The giving these Men a Check which would make them 
 less capable of doing more Mischeif would really be salutary 
 to themselves as well as advantageous to the Government. 
 
 2. The reforming the Magistracy of the Town, that is the 
 Commission of the Peace would be of great Service at this 
 Time. There is among them several of the Supporters of 
 the Sons of Liberty; and the Refusal of several of them to 
 carry into Execution the Act for quartering the Soldiers 
 given under their own Hands, would justify a Removal of 
 them from their Office. Perhaps it might be better to dis- 
 solve the whole Commission. But this cant be done by the 
 King alone, for if he was to send an Order to the Governor 
 to revoke the present Commission & appoint another, the 
 Council in their present Humour would not obey it. Whereas 
 as this Censure arises from the Contempt of an Act of Parlia- 
 
256 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 ment, It would be most properly inflicted by the Parliament 
 itself, which at the same Time it censures the Contempt of 
 its Authority, makes a Precedent of the Exercise of it. If 
 therefore an Act of Parhament was to pass reciting the Re- 
 fusal of the Justices at Boston to quarter the Soldiers & there- 
 fore enacting that all Commissions of the Peace within the 
 County of Suffolk in the Province of Mass'^ Bay should be 
 determined on a certain Day, it would be doing no more than 
 the King alone can do in any of his royal Governments, with- 
 out assigning any Cause for it. This Act & an Instruction 
 to the Governor concerning the new Appointments would be 
 of great Service to the Restoration of the Government ; Some 
 are for carrying this remedial Measure to all the Commissions 
 of all Kinds in the Government : & it may be wanted if there 
 is no Alteration in the Appointment of the Council. 
 
 3. The last Point is of great Importance : The Amendment 
 of the Form of the Government, particularly with Regard to 
 the Appointment of the Council is a most desirable Object; 
 and if one was to say quite necessary to the Restoration & 
 firm Establishment of the Authority of the Crown it would 
 not be saying too much. It may be therefore well wished 
 that the Meeting of the Convention and the Council's sepa- 
 rating from the Governor may be made subservient to the 
 Purpose of amending the Government in a necessary Article. 
 The Question will be whether the Meeting of the Convention 
 & the Council's acting as a separate Body from the Governor 
 amount to a Forfeiture of the Charter. As a Member of 
 the Community I must doubt about it ; but if I was a Stranger 
 to it, I should have no Doubt at all : An Englishman would 
 argue thus : If a Corporation shall usurp the Rights, which 
 the King upon granting their Charter expressly reserved to 
 himself they will thereby break the Conditions upon which 
 
APPENDIX I 257 
 
 their Charter was granted and thereby incur a Forfeiture of 
 it. Now in the Charter of Mass*^ Bay it is expressly ordered 
 that the Gk)vemor shall have Authority to assemble & call 
 together the Councellors or Assistants (who are appointed 
 to advise & assist the Governor) & with them or any seven 
 of them to hold a Council for the ordering & directing the 
 Affairs of the Province ; and the Governor is also empowered 
 to convene the general Courts or Assemblies & from Time 
 to Time to adjourn prorogue or dissolve the same. And there 
 is no Power or Authority granted to any other Person or Per- 
 sons whatsoever to assemble the Council or convene the 
 general Court or Assembly but to the Governor or the Lieut 
 Governor, except where there shall be no Person commissioned 
 by the King to be Governor within the Province. If there- 
 fore the Council shall meet together as a Council without 
 being assembled by the Governor ; if the People in general 
 shall choose Representatives to meet in Assembly, without 
 the Authority of the Governor ; and if such Representatives 
 shall meet & do Business as in an Assembly even after they 
 have been required by the Governor in the Kings Name to 
 break up their Meeting & separate, it follows that there has 
 been an Usurpation of the Rights reserved by the King to 
 himself at the granting the Charter, by the People, in their 
 Delegates (for so the Council by their Constitution may be 
 properly called) in their Representatives, & in their aggre- 
 gate Body ; and that the Conditions, upon which the Charter 
 was granted have been broken, & thereby a general For- 
 feiture of the Charter on the Part of the People, is incurred. 
 If this should be true, (and I know not how to confute it) 
 It will surely be great Grace & Favor in the King if he shall 
 be pleased to take no other Advantage of this Forfeiture than 
 to correct the Errors of the first Formation of this Govern- 
 
258 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 ment, & by placing the Appointment of the Council, where 
 it ought to have been from the first, in the King, thereby 
 render it more congenial with the Constitution of the Mother 
 Country. It requires no Arguments to show that the inferior 
 Governments of a free State should be as similar to that of 
 the supreme State as can well be. And it is self-evident that 
 the Excellency of the British Constitution consists in the 
 equal Ballance of the regal and popular Powers. If so, 
 where the royal Scale kicks the Beam & the People know 
 their own superior Strength, the Authority of Government 
 can never be steady & durable : it must either be perpetually 
 distracted by Disputes with the Crown, or be quieted by 
 giving up all real Power to the Demagogues of the People. 
 Both these are greatly detrimental to the Community : the 
 first obviou'^ly so; the second is no less apparent to those 
 who have had occasion to observe in a Neighbouring Colony 
 how subject a democratical Government is to Corruption 
 Disorder & Despotism. It is therefore not to be wondered 
 at, that the most sensible Men of this Province see how 
 necessary it is for the Peace & Order of this Government 
 that the royal Scale should have its own Constitutional 
 Weights restored to it & thereby be made much more equi- 
 libral with the popular one. How this is to be done, whether 
 by the Parliament or the Kings Bench, or by both, is a Ques- 
 tion for the Administration to determine ; the Expediency of 
 the Measure is out of Doubt ; and if the late Proceedings of 
 the Convention &c amoimt to a Forfeiture, a Reformation of 
 the Constitution of the Government, if it is insisted upon, 
 must & will be assented to. 
 I am S' 
 Your most obedient 
 & most humble Servant 
 
APPENDIX II 
 
 PETITION OF GOVERNOR BERNARD TO THE KING FOR 
 AN INCREASE OF SALARY i 
 
 To the Kings most Excellent Majesty in Council ^ 
 
 The humble petition ^ of Francis Bernard Esq"^ 
 
 Governor of his Majestys Province of 
 
 Massachusets Bay most humbly sheweth. 
 That your Majestys royal predecessors Queen Anne^ King 
 George the first and King George the second did by their 
 Instructions to the several Governors of the said Province 
 order them to recommend to the Assemblies of the said 
 Province from time to time that the said Assemblies should 
 establish a fixed and honourable Salary for the Support of 
 the Dignity of the Governor there Ifor which looo Pounds 
 sterling was deemed a competent Sum I to be settled by Act 
 of Assembly upon the Governor & his Successors, or at least 
 upon the Governor during the whole Time of his Govern- 
 ment. And the said Recommendation never having been 
 complied with, Governor Belcher, who enter'd upon said 
 Government in the Year 1730, obtained a relaxation of the 
 said Instruction so far as to allow him to accept of the same 
 Salary by Annual Acts only : in Consequence of which, after 
 
 1 " Bernard Papers," vol. xii (Correspondence), p. 297. 
 
 "^ Then followed " To the right honourable the Earl of Shelburne his Majestys 
 principal Secretary of State &c," but it was crossed off. 
 
 ' First written " Memorial," then changed to "humble petition." 
 
 * First written " their late Majestys," then changed to " your Majestys royal 
 predecessors Queen Ann." 
 
 259 
 
26o BARRIXCTON-BERXARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 many difficulties & Delays, the Assembly at length did grant 
 unto the Governor 975 pounds sterling for one Years salary, 
 which was then accepted for & iis 1000 Pounds, & has ever 
 since been continued to be granted to the Governor from time 
 to tin\e by Annual Acts only. 
 
 That at the Times of issuing the forementioned Instructions, 
 wherein the said Sum of 1000 Pounds was declared to be a 
 com^x'tent Salary, The Governor of Massachusets Bay was 
 also Governor of New Hampslurc, from wliich Proxince he 
 received a separate Salary besides Fees & Perquisites ; it was 
 also most probably presumed that the Fees and Perquisites 
 of the Governor of Massachusets Bay being an extensi\-e &: 
 rich Province must amount to a very considerable Sum, 
 which if they bore any Proportion to those of otlier Govern- 
 ments> would not have been less than a Moiety of the Salary. 
 From which Considerations it was probably concluded that 
 the Gox-emors whole Income must amount to little less than 
 double the Salary.^ 
 
 That Governor Shirly, who immediately succeeded Go\'^ 
 Belcher & \\'as the first Governor appointed to Massachusets 
 Ba\- who had not also an Appointment to New-Hampsliire, 
 soon after his Appointment engaged in several Businesses 
 of great Importance, in Con^deration of wliich die Assembly 
 granted liim sevxal considerable Sums of Money over and 
 above the forementioned Salary. He also had tlie Command 
 of a Regiment of regulars, wliich he enjoyed for the greater 
 Part of the Time of liis Government. He was also during 
 Part of sucli Time appointed Commissary for settling the 
 
 ' Then folloxrcd this sentence vrliich xras crossed off : " From which Gr>n- 
 siderations it vras pvrobably concluded that the Gox-ernors whole Income must 
 amount to little less than double the Salarj- assigned by the forementioned 
 Instructions," 
 
APPENDIX II 261 
 
 Bounds of Acadia &c at Paris. He was also during other 
 Part of such Time Commander in Cheif of his Majesty's 
 Forces in America with a very large EstabHshment. By 
 Means of all which Grants & Appointments over and above 
 the ordinary Income of his Government. He never felt the 
 Deficiency of his Salary as Governor nor had any Occasion 
 to complain of the same. 
 
 That Governor Pownall the immediate Successor of Gov' 
 Shirley well understood how inadequate the Establishment of 
 this Government was to the Importance and Dignity of it. 
 But it being in the Time of War, when ev'ry Fund was charged 
 with the utmost Weight it would bear, He found it so un- 
 seasonable to apply for an Addition to his Salary; that he 
 chose to wait for Releif by a Dismission from his Post & an 
 Appointment to a more beneficial one; which he soon ob- 
 tained. 
 
 By these Means it is that it has fallen to the Lot of your 
 Memorialist to represent the present State of the Establish- 
 ment for the Support of the Governor of this Province ; and to 
 shew how inadequate it is to the Importance & Dignity of the 
 Government. For this Purpose he begs Leave to shew that 
 besides the Seperation of the Government of New Hampshire 
 from that of Massachusets Bay, & the low Reduction of 
 Governors fees, by fee biUs & other Means, to almost 
 Nothing, a contingent Profit arising from the Governors 
 Share of Custom House Seizures (which tho' in itself uncertain, 
 has been heretofore reckoned at ^200 sterling com. Annis) 
 has entirely ceased; there having been no Seizures made 
 for some Time, nor none likely to be made, and indeed Profits 
 of this Kind are of so invidious a Nature in this Place, that 
 if they had continued or were like to be revived, the Memor^' 
 would be obliged to sollicit an Equivalent for the Same in 
 
262 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 Order that he might be discharged therefrom, & freed from 
 the Censure occasioned thereby. 
 
 By these Means the Income of the Governor of the Massa- 
 shusets Bay is reduced to a very narrow Compass con- 
 sisting only of two Articles, Salary 975 -p^? Office fees less 
 than 100 p""?^ to "^1075. The Memorialist apprehends that 
 he need not labour much to shew that 1075 pounds pF Annum 
 is not an honourable Support for a Governor of an exten- 
 sive Populous & rich Province residing in one of the Cheif 
 Capitals in America. He begs Leave to assert that his 
 annual Expences have often exceeded that Sum, & cannot be 
 kept within the Bounds of it, but by an Aconomy which must 
 impair the Dignity of the Office. To put the inadequateness 
 of this Appointment out of all Doubt, It may be sufficient 
 to refer to the neighbouring Province of Nova Scotia, where 
 it has been thought necessary to augment the Salary of the 
 Governor to ^1500 p' an; Notwithstanding that Business & 
 Difficulty of that Government bears no Proportion to that of 
 Massachusets Bay, and the Fees & Perquisites of the former 
 greatly greatly exceed those of the latter. 
 
 The Memorialist begs Leave to submit the premises to 
 your Lordships Consideration with this Obvious Reflexions 
 arising therefrom; that as well the Precariousness & De- 
 pendency as the Incompetency of the Support of the Kings 
 Governors tend very much to weaken the Authority of Govern- 
 ment & ex-pose it to Disregard & Opposition. This has been 
 frequently observed in some of the royal Goverments which 
 are founded, as it were, in the Plenitude of the Kings Power. 
 But it is much more observable in a Government, the Con- 
 stitution of which has but one royal Ingredient in it (the ap- 
 pointment of the Governor) and all the rest of its Composi- 
 tion Democratical. In such a State the making the Governor 
 
APPENDIX II 263 
 
 dependent upon the People & lowering him to the levell of 
 them has Effects very hurtful to the Authority & Activity of 
 Government, & such as at the present Time seem to require 
 a speedy Redress. 
 
 Wherefore the Memorialist humbly prays that your Lord- 
 ship will be pleased, at such Time as shall be proper, to lay 
 the Contents of this Memorial or such Parts thereof as shall 
 deserve Notice before his Majesty in hopes that he May be 
 graciously pleased to take The same into his royal Considera- 
 tion, & order such further Provision for the Support of his 
 Governor of the said Province to be made, as in his great 
 Wisdom the Maintenance of the Dignity & Authority of his 
 said Government shall appear to require Wherefore^ The 
 Petitioner as well on the behalf of himself as of his Successors 
 Governors of the said province most humbly prays your 
 Majesty that you will ^ be graciously pleased to take the prem- 
 isses into your royal Consideration, & make such order ^ 
 therein as to your Majesty in your great Wisdom shall 
 be thought necessary for the Support of your Governor of 
 Massachusets Bay & the honour & Dignity of your said Gov- 
 ernment. And your Petitioner shall ever pray. 
 
 1 These lines are on dififerent paper and in different handwriting from the 
 rest of the petition, but in the same handwriting as the corrections on the first 
 page. Some one (perhaps Bernard himself) looked it over, made alterations 
 on the first page and wrote the closing bit. 
 
 ^ First written "would." 
 
 ' First written "order some further provision to be Made for." 
 
APPENDIX III 
 
 State of the Disorders, 
 
 Confusion & Mis-govemment 
 
 which have prevailed & do still 
 
 continue to prevail in His 
 
 ]\Iajesty's Province of 
 
 Massachusets Bay in 
 
 America.^ 
 
 (Jan. 1774) 
 
 The King ha\'ing thought fit to command that a 
 Slate of the Disorders, Confusion and IMisgovern- 
 ment, which have of late prevailed in the Proxince 
 of Massachusets Bay, should be laid before His 
 Privy Council, for their Adxdce to His JMajesty 
 thereupon, the Papers herein referred to are sub- 
 mitted, as containing all the Material Facts, which 
 shew the distracted situation of that Province. 
 
 From these Papers it will appear, that, notwith- 
 standing the Colonies in America, by the Nature 
 and principles of the Constitution of this Kingdom, 
 are, and have, by Law, been expressly declared 
 to be, subordinate unto & dependent upon the 
 Imperial Crown & Parhament of Great Britain, and 
 
 ^ " Bernard Papers," vol. Nnii (Letter Book), p. 182. This paper is in the 
 handwriting of a copyist and not in tliat of Bernard or anj' of his ordinary scribes ; 
 but is most interesting as showing the situation in Massachusetts. It is given 
 in the index under 1773; but on the first jxige of the manuscript in another ink 
 and another handwriting — probably that of Jared Sparks — is the date (Jan. 
 1774)- 
 
 264 
 
APPENDIX III 265 
 
 that it hath also been Enacted & declared, that the 
 Kings Majesty by and with the advice and consent 
 of the Lords Spiritual & Temporal, and Commons 
 of Great Britain in Parliament assembled, had, 
 hath, and of Right ought to have, full power and 
 Authority to make Laws of sufficient Force & Va- 
 lidity to bind the Colonies, and People of Amer- 
 ica in all cases whatsoever ; — Yet nevertheless a 
 variety of Illegal, Violent, & Unwarrantable Acts 
 and Proceedings, tending to question & deny that 
 Right and Authority, to subvert the Constitution, 
 and to oppress the Subject, have been committed 
 & done within the Province of Massachusets Bay ; 
 and that the General Court in their Corporate 
 Capacity have not only pursued no Measures, 
 nor provided any means for suppressing the same, 
 and for punishing the Offenders, as it was their Duty 
 to have done ; but that the Council Acting in their 
 separate Capacity as a Board of Advice, have in all 
 Cases where the Authority of the Supreme Legisla- 
 ture was in question, shewn a Backwardness to con- 
 cur in such measures as were judged necessary for 
 the preservation of the Pubhc Peace, and that the 
 House of Representatives have Countenanced & 
 Encouraged such Violent and Illegal Acts, by adopt- 
 ing the same opinions and declaring the same 
 Principles upon which they were grounded. 
 
 A Narrative of the Material Transactions in 
 the Government of Massachusets Bay, since the 
 Repeal of the Stamp Act, will justify the above 
 observation ; and the Papers themselves, from which 
 it is drawn, will support the Charge it contains. 
 
266 B A RRINGTON -BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 Vide. Bos- The Succcss which had attended Flgitious 
 
 & Si^iSn- Publications in the Boston Newspapers, on the 
 cis Bernards Subjcct of the Stamp Act, in exciting the popular 
 
 Letters N9 ^ 
 
 21. 22, 23, 24 Tumults which followed the promulgation of that 
 ^^' ^^' Law, was too obvious to escape the Attention of 
 Appendix thosc, who wishcd to see the same opposition 
 given to the Subsequent Revenue Laws ; and there- 
 Paragraph fore when it became known that such Laws were 
 iTMemoria proposcd, or at Icast as soon as they were pub- 
 of CommF? jighed and the concomitant Establishment of 
 
 of the Cus- 
 toms of 28 Commissioners of the Customs for America had 
 
 March 1768, t r. • 1 ' i r> 1 1' 
 
 in Appendix taken placc, the Press again teemed with Publica- 
 tions of the most daring nature, denying the 
 Vide Govf Authority of the Supreme Legislature and tending to 
 
 Bernards . , , ^-v • • • 7- 
 
 Letters, Me- excite the people to an Opposition to its Laws. 
 Se'coJS? The Effect of those Publications and the general 
 oftheCus- Disposition of the People to adopt the Principles 
 other Papers they held out, wcre apparent, not only in unwar- 
 to Lord rantable attempts to evade the payment of Duties 
 ough'^s^office iiTfiposed by Act of Parliament, but also in the Rescue 
 by the h^? j^y YoTce of Scizurcs made in Consequence thereof, 
 
 of the Treas- -^ , m > 
 
 ury. and in the Grossest Ill-treatment of the Revenue 
 
 Appendix 2. Officers and of all those who gave their Countenance 
 
 & Support, several instances of which, in the Years 
 
 1766, 1767, & 1768, will be found in the Papers 
 
 referred to, in some of which instances, the Cases 
 
 appear to have been attended with very aggravating 
 
 circumstances of the most daring Insult & Violence. 
 
 Vide Govr Whilst the Spirit of Opposition to the Authority 
 
 Letter of 10*^ of Government & to the Laws of this Kingdom 
 
 Appendix was Confined to Libels in the Newspapers, and to 
 
 Acts of Violence & Disorder Committed by Indi- 
 
APPENDIX III 267 
 
 viduals, there was reason to hope that, by a due 
 exertion of the Constitutional powers granted by 
 the Charter, such Unwarrantable Proceedings 
 might have been suppressed and the Authors 
 brought to due punishment : — But it is repre- 
 sented that those cases, in which the Governor 
 thought he could not Act without the advice of 
 the Council, were not only deliberated upon in a 
 manner that apparently shewed they were not dis- 
 posed to concur in any Measures that might be efectual 
 for that purpose; but that those persons from whom 
 the remedy was to be expected were deeply infected 
 with those Principles from the adoption of which 
 these Disorders had arisen. 
 
 Upon the Election of the Council in May 1766, vide Gov' 
 the Lieutenant Governor, the Secretary, the Judges Letter to the 
 of the Superior Court, and the Attorney General, 7b July 1776 
 all of which, except the Attorney General, are to l-? shel- 
 stated to have been usually elected Members of their in- 
 
 closures 
 
 that Board, were excluded, apparently, as the nos 5 & 6. 
 Governor represents, for no other reason but to no 3. 
 mark a disrespect to the Crown Officers; for the 
 men them selves were of unexceptionable Charac- 
 ters; but no Argument of Justice to them, or 
 Respect to Government, could prevail ; on the 
 contrary, the Lieut* Governor was soon after ex- 
 cluded from being present at the Meetings of the 
 Council, notwithstanding his Claim to such Privi- 
 lege had both reason and usage to support it. 
 
 In the Interval of the Adjournment of the 
 General Court in 1766, a Transport with two 
 Companies of Artillery was driven by distress of 
 
268 
 
 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 Vide Sir 
 Francis 
 Bernards 
 Letter of 
 24 : Decf 
 1776 [1766?] 
 Appendix 
 NO 4. 
 
 Vide Jour- 
 nals of Coun- 
 cil in 
 
 Assembly of 
 St^p Decem- 
 ber 1766. 
 
 Vide Govr 
 Bernards 
 NO s of 18: 
 Febry 1767, 
 in Appendix 
 NO 3, & 
 printed 
 Journals of 
 the Assembly 
 in Janry 
 1767; Pages 
 229, 230, and 
 243- 
 
 Weather into the Port of Boston, and upon appli- 
 cation made to the Gov^ by the Commanding 
 Officer that these Companies might be quartered 
 pursuant to the Act of Parliament, the Gov^ with 
 the Advice of the Council, ordered the Commissary 
 to furnish them with the Articles required by the 
 said Act. When the Assembly met, this matter 
 was moved in the House, and it appearing that the 
 Act of Parliament above referred to had with 
 some other Acts of Parliament been Printed by 
 Order of the Gov*^ & Council, a message was sent 
 to the Council, desiring to be informed by what 
 Authority the said Act or Acts had been so pub- 
 lished, and whether they knew of any Act requir- 
 i' g the Registry of Ordinances which the Legisla- 
 ture there had not consented to. The Council 
 having in Answer to this Message referred the 
 House to the Governor for the Information they 
 desired, the Answer was Voted to be not satis- 
 factory and a Committee was Appointed to take 
 the matter into consideration during the Recess. 
 
 Upon the Meeting of the Assembly on the 2^^> 
 of January 1767, a Message was sent to the Gov- 
 ernor, desiring to be informed whether any Pro- 
 vision had been made, at the Expence of that 
 Government for the Kings Troops lately arrived 
 in the Harbour of Boston. — In Answer to which 
 the Governor sent them the Copy of the Minute of 
 Council, by which Provision was made for the 
 Artillery Companies, pursuant to Act of Parliament, 
 and also an Account of the Expence that had been 
 incurred. In reply to which they charged this 
 
APPENDIX III 269 
 
 Measure upon the Governor as a Violation of the 
 Charter, which was, they say, the more grievous to 
 them, as it was justified upon the Authority of 
 an Act of ParHament which was as great a 
 Grievance as the Stamp Act, which took away 
 the unalienable Right of Freedom from all Taxa- 
 tion, but such as they should Voluntarily consent 
 to and Grant. 
 
 The next important matter taken up by the vide sir 
 Assembly that manifested a Spirit of Opposition Bernards 
 
 Letter N'' 4 
 
 to the Authority of Parliament was that of the of is Feby 
 Circular Letter of the ii'^'' of Feb^ 1768 to the Appendix 
 
 , . . . • . . No 5 
 
 other Colomes, mviting them to concur in Peti- 
 tions for Redress in the Case of the Revenue Laws 
 in which Letter they did at least draw into ques- 
 tion, if not openly deny, the Authority of Parlia- 
 ment to enact Laws binding upon the Colonies in 
 all cases whatever, asserting that the Acts impos- 
 ing duties upon the people of that province with 
 the Sole and express purpose of raising a Revenue 
 were infringements of their natural and Constitu- 
 tional Rights. 
 
 The same Doctrine and Principles were also held vide Appen- 
 forth in other Letters, wrote by Order of the As- Printed 
 sembly at the same time, to such persons of Rank theAs^en^biy 
 in this Kingdom as they conceived, concurred with 1768 Page 
 them in opinion, and also in a Letter to their Agent, tes. 
 in which Letter a Variety of other Acts of Par- 
 liament and Measures of Government, founded 
 thereon, are stated to be Grievous & oppressive & 
 a Violation of their Charter Rights. 
 
 The Publication of these Letters, which the 
 
270 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 House ordered to be printed with their Journals, 
 and the Attrocious Publications in the Newspapers, 
 which continued without any control, could not 
 fail of having a very Mischievous Effect. 
 Vide Sir F Qn the 1 8^^ of March the Anniversary of the 
 
 Bernards -^ 
 
 March fit R^P^^-l ^f the Stamp Act, some disorders were com- 
 Coimdfof^^ mitted, & the Governor was induced, from many 
 176^^^'^'^'^ concurrent circumstances to suspect that further 
 Appendix. 6. ^md. greater Violences were intended ; upon which 
 he thought fit to ask the opinion of the Council, 
 whether they would at that time Advise him to take 
 any Measures for securing the peace of the Town 
 and what those Measures should be : to which 
 they replied that as they apprehended there was no 
 danger of any Disturbance, they did not think 
 any Measures necessary to be taken for that pur- 
 pose. But upon the Governors laying before them 
 a Letter from the Commissioners of the Customs, 
 expressing their Apprehensions that Insults would 
 be offered to them, and One of their Officers having 
 made Oath before the Council of his having been 
 threatened with Mischief they Adjourned the Con- 
 sideration of what might be proper to be done to a 
 later hour, when no disturbances being reported to 
 them, they declared their adherence to their former 
 Opinion ; upon which the Governor thought fit to 
 acquaint the Commissioners that he could give 
 them no protection. 
 Smarts^ In the beginning of March 1768 Subscriptions 
 
 Letter (NO 9) were made and Associations entered into for the 
 
 of 2i?tMarch 
 
 Appendix Non-Importation of Goods from Great Britain ; — 
 but this last Measure was at that time defeated. 
 
APPENDIX III 271 
 
 by the Merchants in other Colonies refusing to 
 concur in it. 
 
 The Exclusion of the Lieutenant Governor and Vide. Sir F 
 
 Bernards 
 
 other Officers of Government from the Council at Letters of 30 
 
 May 1767 
 
 the General Election in 1766 has already been (no is) and 
 
 of 30 May- 
 mentioned. The same direspect was shewn them 1768 (no 4). 
 
 Appendix 
 
 in 1767, & repeated upon the Meeting of the N^s. 
 General Court in 1768. And whilst the conduct 
 of the Assembly was actuated by such Principles, 
 and such a disposition, in which it is represented 
 that the Council had upon many occasions mani- 
 fested a strong inclination to concur; there was 
 little room to hope that the disorders in the Gov- 
 ernment would abate. On the contrary it appears Vide Sir F 
 
 1 • r 1 r^ • r TT 1 • Bernards 
 
 that m consequence of the beizure of a Vessel in Letter's (5. 
 
 6, & 7) nth 
 
 the Harbour of Boston for Runnmg uncustomed 14*'! and 16*1 
 
 fV. c -r June 1768. 
 
 Goods a Mob was assembled on the 10 •• of Tune ; Appendix 
 
 NO 9. 
 and that the Collector of the Customs the Comp- 
 troller, and other Officers & Persons who were 
 Assisting in the said Seizure were Violently As- 
 saulted by the said Mob, their Lives endangered, Vide also. 
 
 Papers re- 
 
 & the Houses of several of them Attacked & At- ceived from 
 
 the Treasxiry 
 
 tempted to be forced ; and that this Riot was fol- on the 224 
 
 ^ . . July 1768. 
 
 lowed by Papers stuck upon Liberty Tree, contain- Appendix 
 ing an Invitation to the people to rise & clear the 
 Country of the Commiss- and their Officers, one 
 of which is said to have been devoted to Death, 
 
 On the 11^^ of Tune 1768 the Governor recom- Vide. 
 
 -' ' ^ Journals of 
 
 mended the State of the Town, under these Vio- the Council 
 
 on the ii^f^ 
 
 lences, and Disorders to the Consideration of the & 13*? June 
 
 ' 1768. 
 
 Council who advised that such of the Members of 
 
 the Board, who were Justices of the Peace, should 
 
272 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 make inquiry into the particular facts & Report 
 the same to the Governor in Council, that so they 
 might take proper Measures upon this interesting 
 occasion. The Governor observes however in his 
 Letter giving an Account of this Transaction, that 
 there appeared a disposition in the Council to 
 Meddle with it as httle as possible. 
 
 On the 13''* of June 1768 the Governor com- 
 municated to the Council a Letter from the Com- 
 missioners of the Customs, complaining that no 
 notice had been taken of the late disturbances in 
 the Town of Boston, whereby they were so imme- 
 diately Affected. — Whereupon the Governor at 
 the desire of the Board, wrote an Answer to the 
 s";id Letter and informed them, that the Board being 
 under no apprehensions of fresh disturbances, when 
 they met last, they had postponed the considera- 
 tion of the Business to that morning. — This being 
 done, the Governor stated his apprehensions that 
 there would be fresh disturbances & urged the con- 
 sideration of Measures for the prevention thereof. 
 But the Council thinking that there was no imme- 
 diate danger of such disturbances advised that the 
 matter should be referred to the Consideration of 
 the General Court. 
 
 In consequence of this Resolution of the Coun- 
 cil & upon the Governors acquainting the Com- 
 missioners that he could give them no protection & 
 that Boston was no place of safety for them, they 
 went on board His Majestys Ship Romney, & 
 obtained an Order from the Governor for their 
 admission into Castle William, 
 
APPENDIX III 273 
 
 What is here stated with regard to the proceed- 
 ings of the Council is taken from their Journals; 
 but as many things are related by Gov'' Bernard 
 to have passed at the Meeting on the 13*!' June 
 1768 which are not stated upon the Journals it 
 may not be improper to refer to the Governor's yide Letter 
 
 in Appendix 
 
 Letter to Lord Hillsborough on that subject, dated no g. 
 the 14- June 1768. 
 
 In this Letter mention is made, that on the 13*'* 
 of June, Notice was given, by a Paper fixed on a 
 Tree, called Liberty Tree, for all those, who in 
 this time of oppression & Distraction wished well 
 to the Town & Province to assemble at that Tree 
 upon the next day : and the Governor relates in yide Letter 
 
 in Appendix 
 
 another Letter dated 16'° of June that in conse- n^q. 
 quence of this notice, there was a tumultuous 
 Meeting of the People at the said Tree, from which 
 they Adjourned to the Town Hall, where it was 
 objected they were not a legal Meeting; where- 
 upon they adjourned to the Afternoon, that in the 
 mean time the Select Men might call a Town 
 , Meeting to Equalize the Assembly. 
 
 In the Afternoon they met in a Meeting House, 
 the Town Hall not being large enough for the 
 Company & M'' Otis was chosen Moderator. 
 
 The Governor in his Letter to Lord Hillsborough 
 giving an Account of this Transaction, relates that 
 at this Meeting many Wild & Violent proposals 
 
 were made, but were warded off. Among 
 
 these were, that every Captain of a Man of War 
 that came into the Harbour, should be under the 
 Command of the General Court; Another was, 
 
Vide Boston 
 Gazette of 
 2oti> of June 
 176S. 
 Appendix 
 NO 10. 
 
 274 BARRJNGTON-BERNAKD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 that if any Person should promote or assist the 
 bringing Troops there, he should be deemed a dis- 
 turber of the peace and a Traitor to his Country. 
 But nothing was done finally except the passing a 
 Petition to the Governor and appointing a Com- 
 mittee of 21 Persons to present it to him, & also a 
 Committee to prepare Instructions for their Rep- 
 resentatives & a Letter to M*^ De Berdt, as their 
 Agent, after which they adjourned to the next day. 
 In the Petition & in the Instructions which in 
 consequence were agreed upon & afterwards Pub- 
 lished in the Boston Newspapers it is asserted as a 
 fundamental principle of the Constitution that no 
 Man shall be Governed by Laws nor Taxed but by 
 Limself or Representative legally & finally chosen; 
 & to which he does not give his own consent ; that 
 Laws and Taxes are imposed upon them, to which 
 they have not only, not given their Assent, but 
 against which they have firmly remonstrated, as 
 Violations of their Constitution, and as meant only 
 to support Swarms of Ofl&cers & Pensioners in 
 Idleness and Luxury. — They say that to contend 
 with their Parent State is a dread full Extremity, 
 but that they cannot bear the reflection of tamely 
 submitting without one Struggle, and apprehend 
 that it is in the option & Power of the Governor 
 to prevent them effecting too much, and save them 
 the Reproaches and Shame of attempting to little. 
 That as the Board of Customs have thought fit, 
 of their own Motion, to relinquish the Exercise of 
 their Commission ; and as they cannot but hope 
 that being convinced of the Impropriety & Injus- 
 
APPENDIX III 275 
 
 tice of such an Establishment and of the inevitable 
 Destruction which would ensue from the Exercise of 
 that Office, they will never re-assume it ; they 
 flatter them selves the Governor will redress the 
 other Grievance, by immediately ordering the 
 Romney Man of War to remove from the Harbour. 
 — That they would maintain their Loyalty to the 
 King, a Reverence & due Subordination to the British 
 Parliament, as the Supreme Legislature in all cases 
 of necessity for the preservation of the whole Empire; 
 but at the same time to assert and vindicate their 
 Dear and Invaluable Rights and Liberties at the 
 utmost hazard of their Lives and Fortunes. — They 
 then state the case of Impressing as a Grievance 
 contrary to an Express Act of Parliament, desire 
 their Representatives will pursue Measures for their 
 Redress, and for preventing Impresses of all kinds, 
 and to promote parliamentary Inquiry, whether 
 the Commissioners of the Customs or any other 
 persons whatever, have really written or Solicited 
 for Troops, & to what end; and that they would 
 forward, if they thought expedient, Resolutions 
 that every such person who shall Solicit or promote 
 the Importation of Troops at this time, is an 
 Enemy to that Town & Province, & a Disturber of 
 the Peace. 
 
 Whether Proceedings & Resolutions of this vide Printed 
 nature in a Town Meeting, legal only to the pur- Massachu- 
 poses of Election of Officers, and the management of Pages 18, 19. 
 the prudential Affairs of the Town, are, or are not 
 criminal, or if criminal what is the Degree of the 
 Guilt, must be submitted ; but it is necessary to 
 
76 
 
 B 
 
 Vide printed 
 Journals of 
 the Assembly 
 in 1768 — 
 Page 65 — 
 and Journals 
 of Council 
 and As- 
 sembly iS"?" 
 June 1768. 
 
 Vide 
 
 Journals of 
 the Council 
 
 on 229 27 
 and 29?'' 
 July 1768. 
 
 tb 
 
 1 RRINGTON-BERNA RD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 observe, that they were followed the next day by a 
 concurrent Vote of the Council and Assembly, that 
 Inquiry should be made into the Grounds and 
 Reason for the present apprehensions of the People, 
 that Measures have been, and are now taking, for 
 the Execution of the late Revenue Acts of Parlia- 
 ment by a Naval and Military Force. 
 
 In this situation the Disorders and Confusions 
 which had prevailed in the Town of Boston re- 
 mained unnoticed until the 22°*^ of July when the 
 Governor moved the Council to take into con- 
 sideration some Measures for restoring Vigour and 
 Firmness to Government. Whereupon it was 
 agreed to take up this consideration on the 27^*^ 
 cid to summon such Members as were within such 
 a Distance as to be able to give their Attendance. 
 
 At this Meeting the Governor recapitulated what 
 had passed relative to the Riot on the 10*^ of June and 
 desired the opinion of the Council what might be 
 done to punish the Perpetrators of those Outrages, to 
 preserve the peace of the Town, and to give such 
 Protection to the Commissioners of the Customs, 
 as that they might return in safety to Boston. 
 
 The Governor further stated, that the proposi- 
 tion, made at a former Meeting that this Business 
 should be taken up by the General Court at large 
 had produced no effect, and that all the Disorders 
 complained of, & objects recommended to con- 
 sideration, remained unredressed or unprovided 
 for ; that no Measure had been fallen upon to en- 
 able the Commissioners of the Customs to return 
 in safety, to punish the Raisers & Perpetrators of 
 
APPENDIX III 277 
 
 the Riots and Tumults, or to preserve the peace of 
 the Town and to support the Authority of Govern- 
 ment ; that this neglect would certainly be taken 
 notice of at home, and therefore he required them 
 to give him their full, free and true advice, accord- 
 ing to the Duties of their Office, and the Terms of 
 their Oaths to perform the same; that he had 
 received advice from Gen' Gage, that the Troops 
 at Halifax were ordered to be in readiness in case 
 he (the Governor) should require their Assistance ; 
 in return to which he had informed the Gen! that 
 he would communicate this to the Council, and, 
 if they advised him to require those Troops, he 
 should do so; and if they should not advise him 
 to require them, he should not, being determined 
 in such a business to do nothing without the 
 Advice of the Council; and therefore he desired 
 their advice, whether he should according to Gen* 
 Gage's offer require Troops from Halifax to support 
 the Execution of the Civil power. 
 
 On the 29*^ of July 1768 the Council made a 
 reply to what had been laid before them by the 
 Governor, in which they state that the Disorders, 
 which happened on the 10*'' of June, arose from the 
 Violent and unprecedented manner in which the 
 Officers of the Customs had made Seizure of the 
 Sloop Liberty. They reminded him of the Order 
 that had been made on the ii^^ of June for the 
 Justices to enquire into the Facts relative to the 
 Riot that had been committed ; they alledged that 
 the matter as it stood, referred to a Committee of 
 the General Court, included a consideration of 
 
278 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 Measures necessary to be pursued for the preven- 
 tion of the like Disturbances for the future ; that 
 the bringing that consideration to a Report and 
 Issue was prevented by what passed in conse- 
 quence of the Orders from Home, by which the 
 Assembly was threatened with a Dissolution, and 
 was finally defeated by the Prorogation, & Disso- 
 lution that followed in consequence thereof ; that 
 they are now ready, upon the first call since their 
 Dissolution, to do every thing in their power to 
 pervent future Disturbances, that with regard to 
 the Commissioners of the Customs, their quitting 
 the Town was a mere Voluntary Act of their own, 
 no Insult having been offered to them nor any 
 Attack upon their Persons or Houses; that the 
 posting Men of War in the Harbour was an Impu- 
 tation on the Loyalty of the Town and a Dis- 
 couragement to its Trade; that if the Commis- 
 sioners had procured those Ships, or had endeavoured 
 to procure Troops to be sent thither, it could not 
 be thought strange that the province entertained 
 no affection for them; that they detested and 
 abhorred the Riots and Disorders, which had been 
 committed, and therefore advised the Governor to 
 direct the Attorney General to prosecute all per- 
 sons Guilty thereof, or that any ways aided or 
 abetted the same, and to Issue a Proclamation for 
 Preventing, suppressing, and punishing all Tumults 
 and unlawful Assemblies ; that, with regard to the 
 Offer made by Gen^ Gage, they were of opinion 
 the Civil Power did not need the support of Troops, 
 and that it was not for His Majestys Service or 
 
APPENDIX III 279 
 
 the Peace of the Province, that any Troops should 
 be required; and that if any Persons have made 
 appUcation to Gen' Gage for Troops, they deemed 
 them in the highest degree unfriendly to the Peace 
 and good order of the Government, as well as to 
 His Majesty's Service & the British Interest in 
 America. 
 
 The foregoing Account of what passed in Coun- 
 cil on the I'j^y & 2()^^ of July 1768 is taken from 
 the Journal of their proceedings, but it is sub- 
 mitted whether it may not be adviseable on this 
 occasion to refer to Journals them selves and to the 
 Account given by Gov"" Bernard of these proceed- 
 ings in his Letter to Lord Hillsborough of the 30*^^ B^ma^rds^ 
 of July 1768, where many things are stated that ^ot"^5u/ 
 do not appear upon the Journals, and many Re- )l^^^^^^ 
 marks are made upon the manner in which the ^° "• 
 Council attempt to justify their conduct, in the 
 case of the Riots and Disturbances in the Month 
 of June 1768. 
 
 The General Court having been dissolved in 
 August 1768, in consequence of the Assembly's 
 Refusal to Rescind the Resolution that gave birth 
 to the Circular Letter of the 11'^'* of March it is 
 necessary to state many Facts & Events of a very 
 extraordinary nature subsequent thereto. 
 
 Notice has been already taken, in a former part 
 of this Paper, of the attempt made in March 1768, 
 to set on Foot Associations & subscriptions for not 
 importing Goods from Great Britain, and of the 
 causes of the failure of that attempt. — This un- 
 warrantable Measure was however again tryed with 
 
Vide Sir F 
 Bernard's 
 Letter of 9'^ 
 Aug' 1768 
 (NO 17) and 
 Boston 
 Gazette of 
 8'?" Augt 
 1768. ■ 
 Appendix 
 NO 12. 
 
 280 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 better success in the beginning of August, when 
 most of the Merchants of the Town of Boston 
 entered into and subscribed an agreement, that 
 they would not send for, or Import any kind of 
 Goods or Merchandize from G : Britain some few 
 Articles of necessity excepted from the if of 
 Janry 1769, to the 1^^ of Janry 1770, and that they 
 would not Import any Tea, Paper, Glass, or 
 Painters Colours, until the Act imposing Duties 
 on those Articles should be repealed. 
 
 On the ^^ of Sept there appeared in the Boston 
 Gazette a Paper containing certain queries, calcu- 
 lated to possess the People with an opinion that the 
 Measures of Parliament with respect to America 
 and those which Government had pursued for the 
 support of them, were of such a nature, as that 
 the Political Union between Great Britain & the 
 Colonies was thereby Dissolved ; and therefore 
 that it was necessary, that a Convention should be 
 held, in order to agree upon a plan for the Govern- 
 ment of that Colony in particular. 
 
 The Governor alarmed at the Doctrine held out 
 in this Paper & for the consequences which might 
 follow therefrom, if the Troops which Gen^ Gage 
 had informed him were by the Kings Command 
 coming from Halifax, should arrive without the 
 peoples having any Intimation of them, thought 
 fit to give out, that he had private advice that 
 such an Event might be expected. 
 
 In consequence of this Intelligence being made 
 Public, several private Meetings (as the Governor 
 states it) were held by the Inhabitants of Boston, 
 
 Vide 
 Boston 
 Gazette of 
 S'l" September 
 1768. Paper 
 beginning 
 "Reader 
 attend" 
 Appendix 
 No 13. 
 
 Vide Govr 
 Bernards 
 Letter 
 (NO 22) of 
 16'? Septr 
 1768. — 
 Appendix 
 No 14. 
 
APPENDIX III 281 
 
 in one of which it was the general opinion that they 
 should raise the Country and oppose the Troops; 
 that it was reported & believed that a Resolution 
 was come to in another Meeting to Surprize and 
 take the Castle; and that an Empty Turpentine 
 Barrel was put upon the Pole of a Beacon that 
 had been lately erected without his Consent ; that 
 the Council, alarmed by these Reports and appear- 
 ances, desired a Meeting might be summoned, 
 which was accordingly done ; at which Meeting 
 Orders were given for taking down the Barrel fixed 
 upon the Beacon. 
 
 On the 12*^^ of Sept^ the Freeholders and other 
 Inhabitants of the Town of Boston Assembled in Vide 
 
 Boston 
 
 Town Meetmg at Fanueil Hall, and, after a Prayer Gazette 
 
 of 19 Septem- 
 
 upon the occasion by the Revf D^ Cooper, M*^ bar 1768. 
 
 y-> • • r ^ Appendix 
 
 Otis was unanimously chosen Moderator, and a no 15. 
 Petition of the Inhabitants, praying that the Town 
 might be legally convened, in Order to Inquire of 
 the Governor the Grounds & Reasons of Sundry 
 Declarations made by him, that Three Regiments 
 might be daily expected there ; and also to con- 
 sider of the most wise, constitutional loyal and 
 salutary Measures to be adopted on such an occa- 
 sion, having been read, a Committee was appointed 
 to make the Inquiry requested, and a Petition to 
 the Governor was framed, praying him to Issue 
 precepts for convening a General Assembly with all 
 speed. 
 
 At the same time a Committee was Appointed 
 to take the state of Public Affairs into considera- 
 tion, and Report the Measures they apprehend 
 
282 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 the most salutary to be taken in the present 
 Emergency. 
 
 On the next day to which the Meeting was ad- 
 journed the Committee Reported the following 
 Declaration & Resolves. 
 
 Vide Boston Gazette oj the ig"* Septenf, 1768, N" 
 70 J, at tJie Mark N" i. 
 
 This Report was unanimously accepted and 
 Recorded, and the following Votes were also unani- 
 mously passed, after which the Meeting was dis- 
 solved Viz; 
 
 Vide as before N";' 2 and j — 
 
 The following is a Copy of the Circular Letter, 
 written by the Select Men of Boston, and directed 
 to the Select Men of the several Towns within 
 that Province agreeable to the above Votes. 
 
 Vide as before X° 4 — 
 
 The foregoing Account of the proceedings of the 
 
 Town Meeting was printed by their directions in 
 
 the Boston Gazette of the 19"' of Sept^ but as there 
 
 are many circumstances relative to what passed at 
 
 ' this IVIeeting related in Governor Bernards Letter 
 
 Vide Sir F to Lord Hillsborough of the 16*^ of that Month, 
 
 Bernard's i • r -. «■ . i r 
 
 Letter in which appear to be very Material for considera- 
 
 Appendix .• •- i . - , t 
 
 14. tion, it may not be improper to refer to that Letter 
 
 It may be proper here to repeat what has been 
 before said in respect to the Proceedings of a former 
 Town Meeting that is to say, that whether they 
 are, or are not Criminal, or if so, what is the de- 
 gree of Guilt, must be submitted; but it is also 
 here as in the former case, necessary to observe, 
 that no Steps whatever were taken to suppress so 
 
APPENDIX III 283 
 
 extraordinary a Proceeding, nor does it appear to 
 have been taken any Notice of by the Council, or 
 by any of the Civil Magistrates in the Colony. 
 
 On the 22*^ of Sept' a number of Persons, up- 
 wards of 70. being Commees from 66 Towns and 
 Districts, assembled in Convention at Fanueil 
 Hall to consult and advise the most effectual Meas- 
 ures, as might most effectually promote the peace 
 and good order of His Majestys Subjects in that 
 Governm^ at this very dark and distressing time. 
 
 The first step taken in this extraordinary Con- 
 vention was the Chusing a Chairman and Clerk, 
 and the objects of this choice were the late Speaker 
 and the Clerk of the Assembly, after which they 
 agreed upon a Petition to the Governor, praying 
 that he would summon the Constitutional Assem- 
 bly of the Province in order to consider of Meas- 
 ures for preventing an unconstitutional Encroach- 
 ment of Military power on the Civil Establish- 
 ment, for promoting the Prosperity of the Kings 
 Governor, and the peace, good order, & due Sub- 
 mission of His Majestys Subjects. 
 
 The Governor however thought fit to refuse the 
 receiving this Petition, assigning for reason that 
 such a reception would be to admit this Conven- 
 tion to a legal Assembly, which he could by no 
 means allow, and therefore admonished them, 
 by Message, to break up instantly and separate 
 themselves before they did any business in order 
 to avoid the consequences of the High Offence 
 they were Committing. 
 
 In answer to this Message they endeavour to 
 
284 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 justify themselves by stating the grounds on 
 which they Assembled, and by openly disclaiming 
 all pretence to any Authoratative or Governmental 
 Acts; but the Governor refused to receive any 
 Paper from them, and, after having sate for three 
 days, they adjourned to the 3"^ of October when 
 they broke up, finishing their Proceedings with the 
 Publication of a Paper which they stiled, the 
 result of the Conference and Consultation of the 
 Committee's, chosen by a number of Towns and 
 Districts, and convened at Boston on the 22f of 
 Sept' 1768. 
 
 On the 19*^ of Sepf the Governor communi- 
 cated to the Council the Letters which he had 
 r'^ceived from Gen! Gage & the Earl of Hillsborough 
 informing him of the Orders that had been given 
 for sending to Boston two Regiments from Halifax 
 & two from Ireland and moved the board to give 
 him their Advice in what manner provision should 
 be made for their Reception and Accommodation. 
 
 As the Answer given to the Governor by the 
 Council on this occasion and what passed in con- 
 sequence thereof, as well as upon the Arrival of 
 the Troops, in respect to the quartering of them 
 in the Town of Boston are very material in the 
 Consideration of the State of the Government of 
 Massachusets Bay and to the Conduct of the 
 Council as a Board of advice & Consultation, and 
 as the subject matter of these transactions cannot 
 be related abstractedly, without a hazard of Mis- 
 leading, it is submitted whether it may not be 
 most adviseable to refer not only to the Journals 
 
APPENDIX III 285 
 
 of the Council, but also to the Governors Letters 
 to the Secry of State upon the Subject, from which 
 will appear the many difficulties that were created 
 to obstruct the Kings Service on this occasion, the 
 pretences that were used to evade and defeat the 
 operation of the Act of Parliament for Quartering 
 His Majestys Troops in America, and to bring 
 reproach upon, and excite Opposition to the 
 Measures His Majesty had been graciously pleased 
 to pursue for supporting the Civil Magistrates, 
 and enabling them to execute the Law. 
 
 It was not however in this business alone that 
 the Council are said to have obstructed the Meas- 
 ures of Government ; they are stated by Governor 
 Bernard to have shewn upon every other occasion 
 where they were consulted by him upon matters 
 relative to the State of the Colony, in cases where 
 the Authority of Parliament was in Question, a 
 Resolution to persevere in a conduct that could 
 have no other effect than to increase the Disorders 
 and ill-humours that prevailed and to defeat every 
 step that could be taken for restoring peace and 
 good order in the Town of Boston. — It would be 
 drawing out this paper to too great a length to 
 enumerate all the instances of this disposition 
 which are stated : they are fully set forth in the 
 Governors Letters to the Secretary of State; and 
 it is to this disposition in the Council that he 
 attributes that Weakness in the Government, 
 which rendered ineffectual every Measure that 
 had been directed or proposed for remedying the 
 disorders which had so long existed in that Prov- 
 
286 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 ince, and for supporting His Majesty's Authority, 
 and that of the supreme Legislature. 
 
 There is one Fact however stated in the Ac- 
 count of the Transactions of this time, which is 
 too material to be passed over in the Considera- 
 tion of the State of the Province as it relates to 
 the Conduct of the Council, which is, the pretence 
 they set up, of acting as a Council of State with- 
 out the intervention of, & separate from, the 
 Governor, and their presuming to Publish, the 
 Minutes of their proceedings, and their Resolu- 
 tions before they were communicated to him. 
 Vide Councils It must howcvcr be observed that the Council 
 
 Letters 
 
 Appendix in three Letters to Lord Hillsborough two of the 
 
 N" i8. 
 
 15 of April & one of the i2*|' of June 1769, thought 
 fit to give an explanatory detail of their Conduct 
 in the cases in which they are charged by the 
 Governor with neglect of Duty and want of zeal 
 for the support of Government, to which Letter it 
 may be here proper to refer. — But whatever was 
 the cause to which the Weakness of Government in 
 that Province is to be attributed, the Fact is, that 
 all the unwarrantable proceedings stated in the 
 foregoing Sheets, were committed and done with 
 intire impunity, and though repeated Orders were 
 given to the Governor to pursue every measure 
 for bringing the Offenders to Justice and for mak- 
 ing Inquiry into the Grounds and Causes of the 
 Disorders and Distractions, and every support 
 given that was required to enable the Officers of 
 the Crown and the Civil Magistrates to perform 
 their Duty; Yet these Orders had no effect, & 
 
APPENDIX III 287 
 
 therefore it was thought fit, in the beginning of 
 the Year 1769 to Submit the State of the Colony 
 to the consideration of ParHament. 
 
 The result of this Measure will appear in VideReso- 
 the joint Resolutions of both Houses of Parlia- Addresses 
 ment and their Address to the King in February Houses of 
 
 Parliament 
 1769. in Feb y 
 
 The just censure of the proceedings in the prov- 
 ince of Massachusets Bay & of the Conduct of 
 the Council and other Civil Magistrates expressed 
 by both Houses of Parliament in their Resolutions ; 
 and their Approbation of the Measure of sending 
 Troops thither to support and protect the Magis- 
 trates and the Officers of the Revenue were very 
 far from producing the good Effect that might 
 reasonably have been hoped for; a Disposition to 
 deny the Authority and resist the Laws of the 
 supreme Legislature continued still to prevail, not 
 only in flagitious pubhcations in the daily News- 
 papers, but also in a Variety of Violent and un- 
 warrantable Resolutions & proceedings of those 
 Merchants and others who had subscribed to the 
 Agreements for Non Importation of Goods from 
 Great Britain. 
 
 Meetings of the Associators were held in as Vide— 
 regular a manner as any other Meeting Authorized Account of 
 by the Constitution. — Committees were ap- ations, and 
 
 . 1 /-^ r 11 T7 1 their pro- 
 
 pomted to Examme the Cargoes of all Vessels ceedingsin 
 
 • •<• /-^ -r^ ' ' ITT o consequence 
 
 arriving from Great Britain, and regular Votes oz. thereof 
 
 . 1 • 1 -« «■ from Page 
 
 Resolutions of Censure were passed in these Meet- i to Page 24. 
 ings upon all such as refused to concur in these no 19. 
 unlawful Associations ; and their Names were pub- 
 
288 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 lished in the Public Newspapers as Enemies to 
 their Country. 
 
 In some cases Goods imported from Great 
 Britain were locked up in Warehouses under the 
 care of these Committees in Order to prevent their 
 being Sold; and, in One or two instances they 
 were re-Shipped to Great Britain. 
 
 It is not necessary to relate all the unwarrant- 
 able and violent proceedings of these Associators; 
 the nature and Effect of them can only be judged 
 of by reading the proceedings themselves which 
 are here referred to. 
 Vide Sir F On the 31^.'^ of May 1769 the General Court met 
 
 Bernards 
 
 Letters N9? at the Court House at Boston pursuant to His 
 
 II and 12. . 
 
 Printed Majcstys Writs, and the first step the Assembly 
 
 Journals of 
 
 the Assembly tooK, before they proceeded on any other Business 
 
 Papers 5. 6. 
 
 7. 8. 18. 1 g. was to send a Message to the Gov' asserting that 
 59. 60! 68! 77! the having Ships in the Harbour and Troops in 
 
 80. 81. 82~ 1 rr. r tT 
 
 Appendix the Town of Boston was inconsistent with their 
 
 NO 20. . 
 
 Dignity and Freedom & therefore that they had a 
 right to expect that he would give Orders for the 
 removal of the Forces by Sea and Land from that 
 Port, & from the Gates of the City during the 
 Session of the Assembly; & at the same time the 
 House came to several Resolutions to the same 
 Effect as the Declarations contained in their Mes- 
 sage to the Governor. 
 
 The Governor having in reply to their Message, 
 acquainted them that he had no Authority over 
 His Majesty's Ships in that Port, or His Troops 
 in that Town, nor could give any Orders for the 
 Removal of them; they then proceeded to the 
 
APPENDIX III 289 
 
 Election of Councillors in which Election not only 
 the Lieutenant Governor & other Officers of Gov- 
 ernment were excluded, but also several other 
 Gentlemen who had been of the former Council ; 
 & who, the Governor represents, had shewn a dis- 
 position to support the Kings Government, to 
 acknowlege the Authority of ParUament and to 
 preserve the people from Democratical despotism, 
 and were otherwise distinguished by their Integ- 
 rity and Ability. 
 
 On the 13*^ of June the Assembly sent an An- 
 swer to the Governors Message of the 31^* of May, 
 in which he told them he had no Authority over 
 the Kings Ships or Troops. 
 
 In this Answer they assert that by the principles 
 of the Constitution the Governor of that Colony 
 has the absolute Military Command, that the 
 sending a Military Force there to enforce the Exe- 
 cution of the Laws is inconsistent with the nature 
 of Government & the Spirit of a free Constitution ; 
 that the unwillingness of a people in general that 
 a Law should be Executed was a strong presump- 
 tion of its being an unjust Law, that it could not 
 be their Law, as the people must consent to Laws 
 before they can be obliged in conscience to obey 
 them. 
 
 Several other Messages passed between the Gov' 
 and Assembly upon the Subject of the Troops, 
 but they are little more than a repetition of the 
 matter that has been already stated, and the 
 altercation ended on the 21^.* of June with a Reso- 
 lution of the Assembly, "That the British Con- 
 
290 
 
 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 "stitution admits of no Military Force within the 
 "Realm, but for the purposes of Offensive & de- 
 "fensive War; and therefore that the sending and 
 ''continuing a Military Force within this Colony, 
 "for the express purpose of Aiding & assisting the 
 "Civil Government, is an Infraction of the Natural 
 "and Constitutional Rights of the People, a breach 
 "of the Privilege of the General Assembly, incon- 
 "sistent with that freedom with which this House, 
 "as one branch of the same hath a right and ought 
 " to debate, consult and determine ; and Mani- 
 "festly tends to the subversion of that happy form 
 "of Government which we have hitherto Enjoyed." 
 Whilst the General Court was sitting Intelli- 
 gence was received of the Resolutions of Parlia- 
 ment respecting the Disorders within the province 
 of Massachuset? Bay ; and Authenticated Copies of 
 such of the Correspondence with the Governor as 
 had been laid before Parliament, had been trans- 
 mitted from hence ; upon which the Assembly did 
 on the 7*1^ of July come to several Resolutions, 
 asserting that the Sole right of Imposing Taxes 
 upon the Inhabitants of that Colony was legally 
 and Constitutionally vested in the House of Rep- 
 resentatives lawfully convened according to the 
 Antient and Established practice, with the Con- 
 sent of the Council and of His Majesty the King 
 of Great Britain or of His Governor for the time 
 being; that the Convention in Septem^ 1768 was 
 a measure of necessity, nor could it possibly be 
 Dlegal, as they positively disclaimed all Govern- 
 mental Acts; that the Establishment of a stand- 
 
APPENDIX III 291 
 
 ing Army in that Colony in time of Peace, without 
 the consent of the General Assembly, was an In- 
 fringement upon the Natural Rights of the People, 
 and a violation of their Charter ; that the sending 
 of an Armed Force, into the Colony, under pre- 
 tence of Assisting the Civil Authority, was an 
 attempt to Establish such a standing Army with- 
 out their consent and was highly dangerous, un- 
 precedented, and unconstitutional ; that too many 
 Persons in Power at home do avow most rancorous 
 Enmity against the Free part of the British Con- 
 stitution, and are indefatigable in their endeavours 
 to render the Monarchy Absolute, & the Adminis- 
 tration Arbitrary in every part of the British Em- 
 pire ; that the Extension of the power of the Courts 
 of Admiralty was highly dangerous & Alarming; 
 that all Trials for Treason Misprision of Treason 
 or for any Felony or Crime whatsoever committed 
 or done in that Colony, ought of right to be had 
 and conducted within the Courts of that Colony; 
 and that the seizing any Person or Persons resid- 
 ing in this Colony, suspected of any Crime what- 
 soever committed therein, and sending such Per- 
 son or Persons to places beyond the Sea, to be 
 Tried, is highly derogatory to the Rights of British 
 Subjects, as thereby the inestimable Privilege of 
 being Tried by a Jury from the Vicinage as well as 
 the liberty of summoning & producing Witnesses 
 on such Trial will be taken away from the Party 
 accused. 
 
 These are some of the principal Declarations 
 contained in the Resolves of the Assembly; but 
 
292 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 they do also contain a variety of other Assertions 
 of a very dangerous and Malignant nature, tend- 
 ing to inflame the minds of the People against the 
 Kings Government, and against the Governor and 
 Commander in Chief; and Sir Francis Bernard 
 having in repeated Messages to them to make 
 Provision for the Expences that had been incurred 
 in Quartering the Kings Troops, the Sessions ended 
 with an Answer to these Messages, in which they 
 arraign in the Strongest terms, the Justice of the 
 Supreme Legislature in passing the Revenue Laws, 
 and more especially that for Quartering the Kings 
 Troops, and declare their Resolution never to 
 make Provision for the Services pointed out in the 
 Governors Messages. 
 
 The General Court having, in consequence of 
 these Proceedings, been prorogued by the Governor 
 to the lo^'' of January nothing of any great mo- 
 ment occurred in the Colony, excepting a Con- 
 tinuance of very Violent and unwarrantable 
 Measures for Supporting the Associations for non- 
 Importation of Goods from Great Britain, until 
 the unhappy quarrel between the Towns people 
 of Boston and the Soldiery on the s^^ of March; 
 from the Accounts of which, as well as from the 
 frequent attacks that had, at different times been 
 made upon the Troops, there is much reason to 
 apprehend, that there was a premeditated design 
 to seek occasion, by such quarrels of forcing the 
 Regiment to leave the Town. 
 
 Since this Event every endeavour has been 
 exerted by the People of Boston to accelerate the 
 
 Vide Lieut' 
 Govr Hut- 
 chinson's, 
 Coll Dal- 
 rymple and 
 Gen' Gage's 
 Letters — 
 Appendix 
 No 21. 
 
APPENDIX in 293 
 
 Trial of Capts Preston and the Soldiers who Sur- 
 rendered them selves up to Justice, and to involve 
 the Commissioners of the Customs and their 
 Officers in the guilt of aiding and abetting the 
 Soldiers in (what is called) the Massacre of the 
 People. — And tho' the Courts of Justice have 
 endeavoured to withstand the attempts that have 
 been made to influence their proceedings, yet, 
 there are but too many symptoms of their being 
 awed & terrified by the Violences of the people. 
 
 It must however be observed that tho' the firm- 
 ness of the Lieutenant Governor, in Negativing 
 in one or two instances, the Election of Persons 
 who have been most forward in opposition to the 
 Authority of the Parliament ; has in some degree 
 checked the dangerous spirit which prevailed, yet he 
 represents that he has only the Shadow of Power 
 without the Council whose Advice or Consent he 
 has never been able to obtain to any proposal he 
 has made for discountenancing the usurpation of 
 the powers of Government by the Town of Boston ; 
 and the People being now possessed with an 
 opinion that they have many Advocates in Parlia- 
 ment who justify them in all they have done the 
 State of the Colony is more desperate than Ever. 
 
 But this will be better explained by the In- 
 structions from the Town of Boston to their 
 Representatives on the 15*'' of last Month, and by 
 the Messages from the Assembly to the Lieutenant Vide 
 Governor, and his Answers thereto — , No 22 — 
 
APPENDIX IV 
 
 NARRATIVE! 
 
 The Advices received from Boston, in Letters 
 from GoVr Hutchinson, Admiral Montagu, and the 
 Commandant of the Kings Troops at Castle 
 William, and the Information taken here of Cap* 
 Scott, lately arrived from thence, contain the fol- 
 lowing Facts — Viz f — 
 
 ist That, in the night between the i^*^ & 2^ of No- 
 
 vember, anonymous Letters were delivered at the 
 Houses of the Persons Commissioned by the East 
 India Company, for the Sale of Teas sent on their 
 own Account to Boston, requiring them to appear 
 next day at noon at Liberty Tree to make a Public 
 Resignation of their Commission, and Printed 
 notices were posted up in several parts of the 
 Town of Boston desiring the Freemen to meet 
 at Liberty Tree in order to receive such Resigna- 
 tion, and to oblige said Agents to swear they would 
 reship any such Tea to London. 
 
 2<iiy That on the 2? of November, the Select Men of 
 
 Boston, the Town Clerk and three or four Members 
 of the House of Representatives, — accompanied 
 by a number of Lihabitants, assembled at Liberty 
 
 1" Bernard Papers," vol. viii (Letter Book) p. 229. This " Narrative " 
 is in the same handwriting as the " State of the Disorders." It bears in 
 pencil the date 1773. 
 
 294 
 
APPENDIX IV 295 
 
 Tree for the purposes aforementioned, and that 
 soon after M*^ Molineux, attended by a number of 
 other persons, calling themselves a Committee of 
 the said Meeting, consisting among others of M- 
 Denny, Df Warren, D'' Church, and M' Johanat, 
 repaired to the House of M'' Clark, one of the said 
 Agents and being asked by M* Clark what they 
 expected of him, M' Molineux read a paper, in 
 which, among other things, it was demanded that 
 the persons, to whom it was expected the Tea 
 would be consigned, would engage not to receive 
 it, but that it should be sent back to England, 
 and that one of the Bills of Lading should be 
 delivered to them that they might send it to their 
 Agent in London. 
 
 That upon M'' Clarke and the other Agents who s^ilv 
 
 were present declaring they would not comply 
 with this Demand, M' Molineux declared that they 
 either were or would be voted Enemies to their 
 Country and must expect to be treated as such. 
 
 That after this the Committee with the Mob ^th'y 
 
 that attended them retired, and soon after returned, 
 assaulted M"" Clarke's House, the Doors of which 
 were Shut from an apprehension of Violence, and 
 having forced open the Doors attempted to make 
 their way up Stairs, but meeting with Resistance 
 they desisted. 
 
 That during the proceedings a M"^ Hatch a 5^^]^ 
 
 Gentleman in the Commission of the Peace, re- 
 quired the Mob to disperse; but they hooted at 
 him, and one of them having Struck him a blow, 
 he retired. 
 
296 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 6twz That on the 5*? of Nov' a Town Meeting was 
 held at Faneuil Hall, at which it was voted that 
 the Hon^? John Hancock Esqi! M' John Pitt, 
 M"" Samuel Adams, M"^ Samuel Abbot, D'' Joseph 
 Warren, M' William Powell, and M' Nathaniel 
 Appleton, should be a Committee to wait on the 
 Agents of the East India Company, and to request 
 them from a regard to their own Character, and 
 the Peace & good Order of the Town and Province, 
 immediately to resign their Appointment, with 
 this request the Agents refused to comply and 
 signified their refusal in Letters to the Hon^ John 
 Hancock who was Moderator of the Town Meeting. 
 
 7*S That on the 12*:'^ of Novf Information was given 
 to M"^ Oliver the Lieut' Governor, that an Attack 
 would be made that Evening upon some of the 
 Agents ; Intimation of this being given to them they 
 left their Houses, but no such attack was made. 
 
 8^? That on the 17^^ in the Evening a Mob of 
 between one and two hundred people, beset the 
 House of M'' Hutchinson one of the said Agents, 
 but finding that he was not at home, they went 
 to the House of M*^ Clarke, another of the said 
 Agents, which they Attacked, and endeavoured to 
 break open the Door, but meeting with resistance 
 they contented themselves with breaking the Glass 
 and Frame of the Window, and then dispersed. 
 
 9 That in consequence of the disturbance before 
 mentioned, the Governor Assembled his Council, 
 and laid before them the necessity of some Meas- 
 ures being taken for preserving the Peace, and 
 supporting the Authority of Government. 
 
APPENDIX IV 297 
 
 That during their dehberations a Petition was 10*^ 
 delivered from the Agents stating the Insults they 
 had received, and the danger to which they were 
 exposed; and praying that they might be at 
 liberty to resign themselves, and the Property 
 committed to their care, to the Governor and 
 Council, as the Guardians and Protectors of the 
 People, but the Council broke up without coming 
 to any Resolution. 
 
 That on the 23^^ of Nov^ the Council met again n*? 
 without doing any thing but referring the Busi- 
 ness to a further consideration on the 29- when 
 they took into consideration a Report made by a 
 Committee in which it is stated that the proceed- 
 ings of Parliament had given just ground of discon- 
 tent to the People, and those proceedings are 
 assigned as the cause of the present Disturbances. 
 — The Agents are referred to the Justices of the 
 Peace for the protection they desire, and it is 
 declared that the Council had no Authority to 
 take charge of the Tea, and that should they direct 
 or advise any measure for Landing it, they would of 
 course advise to a Measure for procuring Payment of 
 the Duty, which being inconsistent with the declared 
 Sentiments of both Houses in the last Winter 
 Sessions of the General Court, they apprehend to 
 be altogether inexpedient and improper. — That 
 with regard to the disturbances the Authors of 
 them ought to be prosecuted, and they advise that 
 the Governor should renew his Orders to the Jus- 
 tices, Sheriff and other Peace Officers, to exert 
 them selves to the utmost for the Security of the 
 
298 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 KLings Subjects the preservation of Peace & good 
 Order, and for preventing all Offences against the 
 Laws. 
 
 12. That this Report was accordingly agreed to, 
 whereupon the Governor demanded of the Council, 
 whether they would not give him any Advice upon 
 the Disorders then prevailing in the Town of 
 Boston, and it was answered in general, That the 
 Advice already given was intended for that purpose. 
 
 13. That on, or about the 26*.'* of November the 
 Ship Dartmouth Capt° Hall, arrived at Boston, 
 having on board a Cargo of Tea consigned by the 
 East India Company to their Agents there; in 
 consequence of which Notifications were posted 
 up, desiring the Inhabitants of the Town and 
 Country to Assemble on the 29*^ — 
 
 14. That on the 29*^^ the Inhabitants of the said 
 Town & Country in number about five Thousand 
 were accordingly Assembled; whereupon the Gov- 
 ernor, (the Council having decHned adxdsing to any 
 Measure respecting that unlawful Assembly in par- 
 ticular) Ordered the Sheriff to repair to the said 
 Meeting with a Proclamation, Warning, Exhort- 
 ing, and Requiring them forthwith to disperse, and 
 to cease all further unlawful Proceedings. 
 
 15 That the Sheriff having been permitted to read 
 this Proclamation, a Question was moved and put, 
 Whether the Assembly should be dispersed in 
 Consequence thereof; and it was unanimously 
 Resolved that they should not. 
 
 16 That Jonathan Williams Esq- was chosen 
 Moderator at this Meeting, and that the said 
 
APPENDIX IV 299 
 
 Meeting came to the following Resolutions ; amongst 
 others Viz^ That they were absolutely determined 
 that the Tea arrived in Capf* Hall, should be 
 returned to the place from whence it came at all 
 Events, in the same Ship. — That no Duty should 
 be paid upon it, and that the Owner of the Ship 
 be directed not to Enter the Tea at his Peril. 
 That the Master of the Ship be informed, that he 
 is not at his peril to suffer any of the Tea to be 
 Landed. That a Military Watch should be Ap- 
 pointed for the Security of the Ship and Cargo, of 
 which watch M'' Proctor was appointed Captain, 
 and a List made of the names of the Persons who 
 offered themselves as Volunteers for that purpose. 
 
 That the Conduct of the Governor in requiring 
 the Justices of the Peace to meet, in order to sup- 
 press any Riot was a reflection on that Assembly 
 and solely calculated to serve the Views of Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 That on Tuesday the 30 of November the Li- 
 habitants were again Assembled, when a Letter 
 from the Agents was read, declaring their Willing- 
 ness to give satisfaction to the Town but as that 
 could only be effected by sending back the Tea, 
 they declared that it was not in their power so to 
 do but that they were willing to Store the Tea 
 until they could write to their Constituents and 
 receive further Orders. 
 
 That upon reading this Letter it was moved 
 whether if any of the Agents could be prevailed 
 upon to come to the Meeting their persons might 
 be safe until their Return to the place from whence 
 
300 
 
 BARRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 they should come ? — which question having been 
 put it was carried in the Affirmative unanimously 
 and that two Hours should be allowed them, 
 whereupon the Meeting adjourned to the Afternoon. 
 17- That upon their Meeting in the Afternoon Re- 
 port was made that the Agents thinking that noth- 
 ing would be satisfactory, short of returning the 
 Tea, which was out of their power, they thought 
 it best not to appear, which Report having been 
 voted to be in no degree satisfactory, an Order was 
 made that the Owner & Master of the Ship Dart- 
 mouth should attend & it was again unanimously 
 resolved that it should be required of them, that 
 the Tea should be returned to England in the 
 "bottom in which it came, and Capt : Hall was 
 forbid to Assist in Unloading the Tea at his peril, 
 and ordered that if he continued Master of the 
 Vessel, he should carry the same back to London. 
 That after taking Measures for a Continuance 
 of the Military Watch resolved to be Established 
 on the preceding day, & directing that if they were 
 insulted they should give alarm to the Inhabitants 
 by ringing or toUong the Bells as the case should 
 happen, it was resolved that if any person or per- 
 sons shall here after Import Tea from Great Britain 
 or if any Master or Masters of any Vessel or 
 Vessels in Great Britain shall take the same on 
 board to be Imported to this place until the un- 
 righteous Act of Parhament laying a Duty upon it 
 should be repealed, he or they should be deemed 
 by this Body an Enemy to his Country and they 
 would prevent the Landing and Sale of the same, 
 
APPENDIX IV 301 
 
 and the payment of the Duty thereon and would 
 effect the Return thereof to the place from whence 
 they should come. 
 
 That it was further resolved at this Meeting 19. 
 that the foregoing Vote should be printed and sent 
 to England, and all the Sea ports of the Province. 
 
 That M' Sam* Adams, the Hon^ John Han- 
 cock Esq'-^ Wills Philips Esq'-? John Rowe Esq, 
 Jonathan Williams Esq- be a Committee to trans- 
 mit fair Copies of the whole proceedings of the 
 Meeting to New York and Philadelphia. 
 
 That it is the Determination of the Body to 
 carry their Votes and Resolutions into Execution 
 at the risk of their Lives and Fortunes. 
 
 That the Persons who principally proposed the 
 questions on which the above Resolutions and pro- 
 ceedings were founded, were, M"^ Adam's, M' 
 Molineux, Doctor Young & Doctor Warren, & that 
 they used many Arguments to induce the People 
 to concur in these Resolutions. 
 
 That after the Dissolution of this unlawful 20. 
 Assembly the Persons called the Committee of Cor- 
 respondence; met from time to time called in the 
 Committee's of other Towns to join with them, 
 kept up a Military Watch on Guard, to prevent 
 the Landing of the Tea, who were Armed with 
 Muskets and Bayonets, and every half hour during 
 the night, regularly passed the Word — all is well, 
 like Centinels in a Garrison. 
 
 That M' Hancock the Gov^'. Capt° of his Cadet 21. 
 Company was one of the Guard on Board the Ships. 
 
 That the said Committee appeared to be the 22. 
 
302 
 
 BA RRINGTON-BERNARD CORRESPONDENCE 
 
 Executioners of the Resolves & Orders passed at 
 the aforesaid Assembly. 
 
 23. That this Committee repeatedly sent for the 
 Owner of the Ship Dartmouth requiring him to 
 comply with the request of the Town and send his 
 Ship with the Tea back to England — In excuse 
 for his Refusal he said that he could not obtain a 
 Clearance from the Custom House, whereupon 
 Notifications were again posted upon the 14'^ of 
 Decern'' for another Meeting of the Inhabitants 
 which was accordingly held in the Afternoon. 
 
 24. That at this Meeting it was determined that the 
 Owner of the Ship Dartmouth should demand at 
 the Custom House a Clearance of the Teas for 
 England, which was accordingly done in the pres- 
 ence of twelve Persons appointed to see it done. 
 
 25. That upon the Refusal of the Custom House to 
 grant such Clearance the Meeting was adjourned 
 to the next day, in order to consider what was to 
 be done, when the said Owner was required to 
 demand a Permit from the Naval Ofi&cer to pass 
 the Castle, which being also refused, he was ordered 
 to apply to the Governor in person for such Permit ; 
 which being also refused he returned and made 
 his Report to the Meeting; whereupon numbers 
 of the people cried out a Mob, a Mob, & left the 
 House, and immediately a body of Men disguised 
 hke Indians, & encouraged by M' John Hancock, 
 Sam^ Adams and others repaired to the Wharf, where 
 three Vessels having Tea on board, lay aground, 
 and took possession of the said Vessels, and in two 
 hours the whole of the Tea was consumed. 
 
INDEX 
 
 American Board of Commissioners 
 
 of Customs. See Customs. 
 American colonial governments to 
 
 be reformed, 43-4S, 76, 78, 93" 
 
 102. 
 American taxation, inequitable, 94- 
 
 96. 
 Amherst, General Jeffrey, 10, 176; 
 
 captures Montreal, 21 ; resigns 
 
 governorship of Virginia, 164, 
 
 166. 
 
 Barrington, Admiral Samuel, 20. 
 Barrington, Major-General John, 7, 
 
 17- 
 
 Barrington, Shute, Bishop of Dur- 
 ham, 17, 39. 
 
 Barrington, William Wildman, lord, 
 sketch of his career, viii, ix ; 
 his political principles, ix ; his 
 ideas on the conduct of the 
 American War, x-xv; Secretary 
 at War, 86 ; opposes Bernard's 
 return, 108 ; on change in admin- 
 istration, 109, 119; on sending 
 troops to Boston, 119; on poli- 
 tics, 120; as to Bernard's re- 
 moval to some other government, 
 124, 129, 151, 154, 163, 17s, 183; 
 as to increase in Bernard's salary, 
 127 ; on American representation, 
 140 ; as to Bernard's baronetcy, 
 154; advises Bernard to stay at 
 Boston, 164; on the American 
 
 Mutiny Act, 185, 186; on Ber- 
 nard's baronetcy, 186; on pub- 
 lication of Bernard's letters, 202. 
 
 Barrons, Mr., collector at Boston, 
 and Governor Bernard, 30 and fol. 
 
 Bernard, Sir Francis, his "Papers," 
 vii ; sketch of, xvi-xxi ; governor 
 of New Jersey, 1-6 ; appointed 
 governor of Massachusetts Bay, 
 7 ; his grant of Mt. Desert, 50, 
 56, 66, 69, 72, 81-85, 221 ; his 
 desire to return to England, 106- 
 108, 112-114, 121; given leave 
 of absence, 116; wishes an in- 
 crease in salary, 126, 143, 177, 
 178 ; on American political ideas, 
 131-139; desires some other gov- 
 ernment, 141, 162, 199; applies 
 for a recall, 156; as to Virginia, 
 173; disappointed in offer, 163, 
 177; advised to stay at Boston, 
 164; increasing difficulties, 168; 
 estimates profits of Virginia, 173 ; 
 offered a baronetcy, 154, 175; 
 ordered to remain at Boston, 180 ; 
 his estimates of other govern- 
 ments, 181 ; baronetcy conferred 
 on, 186, 188 ; relieved of fees of 
 baronetcy, 186-189 ; on his pro- 
 posed return, 189 ; leave of 
 absence, 192 n. ; defends himself 
 against charges of British officers, 
 194-196 ; on political conditions 
 at Boston in 1769, 197, 198; his 
 
 303 
 
304 
 
 INDEX 
 
 official letters published, 200 ; re- 
 turns to England, 203, 204, 208; 
 his arrival, 208-210; his pension, 
 xvi-xix, 2 1 1-2 19; commissioner 
 of customs and excise in Ireland, 
 211-213; at Bath, 212; his valu- 
 ation of his services, 218; corre- 
 spondence with Gage at the time 
 of the Stamp Act, 227-240; on 
 reformation of government of 
 Massachusetts, 253-258; Ber- 
 nard's petition for an increase in 
 salary, 259-263; his (?) "State 
 of the Disorders" and "Narra- 
 tive," 264-302. 
 
 Bernard, Francis, son of Governor 
 Bernard, 49 ; joint appointment 
 with Mr. Pemberton to the Naval 
 Office at Boston, 25 and fol. ; 
 arrives from England, 65 ; returns 
 to England, 73, 79. 
 
 Bernard, Shute, son of Governor 
 Francis, death of, 152. 
 
 Bernard, Thomas, second son of 
 Governor Bernard, applies for 
 pensions on account of his father's 
 services, xvii; given a sinecure 
 ofi&ce, 211. 
 
 Bernard, William, son of Governor 
 Bernard, given an ensigncy in the 
 army, 214. 
 
 BibHographical note, xxi n. 
 
 Boston, 12; Bernard's reception 
 at, 15; opposition to acts of 
 trade, 147 ; opposition to Eng- 
 land, 158 ; convention at, in 1769, 
 184; Bernard on political condi- 
 tions at, in 1769, 197-199, 254; 
 narrative of the tea party, 294- 
 302. 
 
 Botetourt, Lord, 164, 175. 
 British troops, on sending to Boston 
 
 at time of Stamp Act riot, 119; 
 
 despatched to Boston after the 
 
 "Liberty" riots, 165, 167-171; 
 
 arrival at Boston, 176, 179. 
 Burch, William, Commissioner of 
 
 the Customs, attack on, 148. 
 
 Carver, Jonathan, 193. 
 
 Chatham, Earl of. See Pitt, 
 William. 
 
 Civil List. See Colonial Civil List. 
 
 Colonial Civil List, plans for a, 177, 
 178. 
 
 Colville, Admiral Lord, 60. 
 
 Commissioners of the Customs, 
 American. See Customs. 
 
 Convention at Boston in 1769, 184. 
 
 Conway, General H. S., Secretary 
 of State, 91, 109; on the Stamp 
 Act troubles, 240-244. 
 
 Customs, American Board of Com- 
 missioners of the, opposition to, 
 149; at Boston, 157, 160. 
 
 Egremont, Lord, Secretary of 
 State, 39, 43, 54, 56. 
 
 Gage, Major-General Thomas, 103, 
 119, 167-169; his correspond- 
 ence with Bernard as to Stamp 
 Act, 227-240. 
 
 Governor, Provincial, his power 
 over expenditures, 223 ; his rela- 
 tions with the British ofi&cers in 
 America, 225-227. 
 
 Halifax, Lord, 25, 27, 30, 80, 86, 
 87. 
 
INDEX 
 
 305 
 
 Hallo well, Mr., controller of the 
 customs at Boston, 160. 
 
 Havanna, conquest of, 61. 
 
 Hillsborough, Lord, 112, 120; ap- 
 pointed Colonial Secretary, 130; 
 sends Bernard a letter of recall, 
 192 ; suspends his leave of ab- 
 sence, 180 ; and Bernard's baron- 
 etcy, 188, 189. 
 
 Hutchinson, Thomas, on Bernard's 
 pensions, xvii; suggested for 
 position of governor of Massa- 
 chusetts, 174. 
 
 Ireland, government of, as a model, 
 98-100. 
 
 Jackson, Richard, 57, 59, 69, 72, 
 80, 83, 85, 104, 108, 116. 
 
 Knox, William, xvH. 
 
 LoRiNG, Commodore, and the 
 Naval Office, 90. 
 
 Maryland, title of the Lieutenant- 
 Governor of, 173. 
 
 Massachusetts, Francis Bernard ap- 
 pointed governor of, 7 ; his com- 
 ing, 15; Stamp Act troubles in, 
 93, 229; increasing opposition to 
 England, 158 and fol. ; Bernard's 
 retirement from the government 
 of, 200-208 ; statement as to 
 governor's salaries since 1730, 
 256-263; "State of Disorders 
 in," 1766-1770, 264-293; "Nar- 
 rative" of tea party, 294-302. 
 
 Mt. Desert, grant of to Bernard, 
 50, 56, 66 ; opposed in England, 
 
 69, 72, 81, 85, 221 ; plans for 
 settlement of, 70, 82-84. 
 Mutiny Act, American, 185, 186. 
 
 Naval Office, at Boston, joint ap- 
 pointment of Bernard's son and 
 Mr. Pemberton, 25 and fol. 
 
 Newcastle, Duke of, 17, 27, 91. 
 
 Newfoundland, the French at, 57 ; 
 British expedition to, 60-64. 
 
 New Jersey, Bernard, governor of, 
 1-13 ; Bernard as to the govern- 
 ment of, 142; advantages of, 181. 
 
 New York, Bernard as to govern- 
 ment of, 142. 
 
 Paris, Peace of, 62. 
 
 Paxton, Charles, 32, 50, in. 
 
 Pemberton, Mr., joint appointment 
 with Francis Bernard to the 
 Naval Office at Boston, 25 and fol. 
 
 Pennsylvania, government of, 5. 
 
 Pensions and places, Bernard's de- 
 sire for, etc., xvi-xix, 4, 7, 11, 18, 
 19, 23-25, 26, 2>2>, 89, 114-116. 
 
 Pitt, William, afterwards Earl of 
 Chatham, 10, 22, 34-38, 40, 43, 
 79, 109, 120, 128. 
 
 Porter, Mrs., 14, 58, 59. 
 
 Pownall, John, Secretary of the 
 Lords of Trade, 7, 24, 30, 80, 108. 
 
 Pownall, Thomas, Governor of 
 Massachusetts, 7, 10, 186. 
 
 Provincial Governor. See Gov- 
 
 QUARTERING Act, 186, 195, 207. 
 
 Representation, American, in Par- 
 liament, 96-98. 
 Romney, man-of-war, 160. 
 
3o6 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Schuyler, Colonel Peter, i, 3. 
 
 South Carolina, unhealthy dimate 
 of, 141, 181. 
 
 Sparks, Jared, his collected manu- 
 scripts, vii. 
 
 Sparks, William, presents manu- 
 scripts to Harvard Umversity, 
 vii. 
 
 Stamp Act, Bernard's correspond- 
 ence with Gage, 227-240. 
 
 Stevens, John, 3. 
 
 Temple, John, Surveyor-General, 
 46; hostihty to Bernard, 88, 92, 
 112, 190. 
 
 Townshend, Charles, 68, 71. 
 Treasury Board, Minute of the, as 
 
 to provincial governor's power, 
 
 223. 
 Troops, British. See British troops. 
 
 ViRGiNL^, Bernard's views as to the 
 government of, 142 ; offered to 
 Bernard, 154 ; given to Botetourt, 
 164 ; estimated profits of govern- 
 ment, 173. 
 
 Writs of Assistance, bill to modify, 
 vetoed by Bernard, 51. 
 
 H 46 78 
 
IAN 3 1913 
 

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