A JAPANESE CHESS (SHO-NGI) THE SCIENCE AND ART ^^ WAR OR STRUGGLE Philosophically Treated >^ CHINESE CHESS (CHONG-KIE) AND I-GO BY CHO-YO r? n £L EURASIAMERICA New YORK: The Press Club of Chicago U. S. A. LIBRARY of CONGRESS TwoCoDies Received MAR 7 1906 ^ Copyri^fit Entry CLASS u 'xxe. NoT* COPYRIGHT, igOS, BY CHO YO Aii Rights Reserved. M. A. DONOHUE; &. COMPANY PRINTERS AND BINDERS 407-4.29 DEARBORN STREET CH ICAGO A TO MY ESTEEMED FRIEND EDWIN F. BROWN, ONE OF THE GENIUSES IN THE GAME OF HUMAN AFFAIRS, THIS WORK IS INSCRIBED BY The Author. OF THIS EDITION NINE HUNDRED NINETY AND NINE COPIES HAVE BEEN PRIVATELY PRINTED, AND THE TYPE DISTRIBUTED. EACH COPY IS NUMBERED AND SIGNED, AND THIS COPY IS NUMBER DATE 190 PREFACE 1. Inspired by the grand economy of the nature which reveals itself into the causes and effects governing all things from the universe down to molecular existences, admiring the almost incomprehensible foresight, clear plans and diplo- matic movements of Thomas Paine, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson and that sort of personages, and the tactics and strategy of George Washington — those who won the victory in a colossal chess game of humanity in which they stood for the side of pure democracy; — thus inspired, while the little Japanese of the small little island Empire are contesting with the gigantic and most puisant Russian Autocrat, the writer dares say that it is not merely a great number of population, nor enormous amount of pecuniary wealth, nor an immensely extensive territory, nor a considerable superiority of naval and military materiels, nor all these conditions put together that one belligerent power compels another to do what the former wants. 2. It is a union of minds and hearts, others being equal, on the part of the people whose each protects the other, and who support one another according to causes and effects of predestination that one group of men wins over the other. How the thirteen young colonies did cause the powerful father- land to succum at the mercy of their will? We know it perfectly well. g PREFACE. 3. Many say that the Japanese are of small bodily constitu- tions and their works are consequently small, but they forget that whatever small things they do are worked most carefully and perfectly, and that the personages that can perfectly finish the small objects can easily produce ponderous works according to conditions and circumstances, as the small works are apt to be taken as valuable models for magnificently massive ones. They, in fact, produced many wonderful works at home many centuries ago to the latest hour. For these little ones it would not be difficult to make battleships, even however big, because their minds and hearts have been practically drilled and ex- perienced. 4. Who remarked that the Japanese do not have a mathe- matical head? There should be a limit to hypercriticality ! The Far East has produced thinkers, scientific men, diplomats, practical business men and so on. There has been a great secrecy — the writer says secrecy, for the public does not know somehow, though openly practiced — to have pleasingly developed the faculties or their healthy brains, which have been and are naturally a priori flexible and adaptable to the fullest extent. This great secrecy has been the playing of the Science and Philosophy and Art of War, a national game of Chess, of which the true orientals are the greatest players in the world. The game or rather the science which they play, nay! practice — from the oldest to the youngest who are to think sanely, from the wealthiest to the poorest, from the highest down to the lowest, from the most learned to the ignorant, from the highest priest to the misosuribozu (valet priest, or page). 5. The chess play with an exhaustive attention and constant practice in the land of the rising sun is without exaggeration equal to that of billiard, bowling alley, cards and the last of all — chess, and something else more, put together in this country. They play it in summer evenings on verandas, along the streets, at the shop entrances, where passers-by would look at the PREFACE. g beautiful operations of technique of struggles on a small war field of chessboard. 6. They would not suffer summer heat — whenever the weather is too hot to do anything, they gather their heads to ponder over critical movements of fleet, navies, and battalions, divisions and armies — they do not seem to sleep ever. 7. In winter they play it within houses, while enjoying true native original tea, and deliberately thinking and planning with utmost considerations. Before entertainments, either at public places or at private houses, begin, the guests or members are hospitably accommodated with chessboards and pieces, and fine tea in small cups, accompanied by sweet things to heighten the taste and flavor of the beverage — they are playing here and there, smiling and laughing — their beautiful and skilful hands full of strategy and tactics, watched by their friends and acquaintances and admirers. 8. The jinrikisha-men are, at street corners, and in summer in shady nooks, playing Chess, while they are waiting for patrons. Aye! the little Japanese have drilled their minds with their chess playing and made the brains comparatively larger with regard to bodily constitution after a fashion of ceasely working ants and bees. They understand the' importance of union of which protection and supports of each and every other are to be paramount. 9. What will be the difficulties, as far as human mind con- cerns, as regard to mathematics or anything else, for the people that can not have ennui at all, and who can see many hands at once — some of them able to discern fifty or a hundred differ- ent hands ahead or blindfold play a game simultaneously with 3 or 10, even fifteen games, or more, the most complicated con- tests founded upon scientific combinations of movements of navies, armies, etc., on diminutive war-fields of a board? I. The Japanese were playing Chess whenever they had time, in time of peace, also of war, before the European intni- jQ PREFACE ders went there, so that it is natural that, having trained their minds, they could see the advantage of modem diplomacy, warships, and ponderous weapons. 2. The little people with a comparatively large quantity of gray-matter in their intellectual case have improved Chess according to their peculiar ingenuity of inventions, discoveries and the assimilating "power of adaptability, as they did so in the lines of the Chinese works of art and many others, and have so come out as to surpass their masters, and, as at the latest times, they have improved the most modem warfare weapons implements and other things, such as for example, the Shimose gunpowder, the Japanese rifles, wireless telegraphy, medicinal discoveries, and therapeutic advancement. 3. This Japanese Chess, thus improved, is the most highly developed, most interesting and most scientific and philosophical of all the games ever invented and known. It plainly illustrates the secret intricacies and combinations and permutations of causes and effects of every human affair as a factor of nature. Playing this game cultivates business tact, keeps up strategy and tactics, improves diplomacy and strengthens the mental faculties. 4. That little Japan has come out to surprise the world through the realm of beautiful works, diplomacy and warfares: there might be few who do not at all play this game in her army, from the highest officers. Field- Marshals, down to privates, soldiers and the carriers of supplies and provisions ; in her navy from admirals down to mere sailors; in diplomatic department, from the minister to the telephone or gate-keepers; from the premier — cabinet officials — to footmen; the rich and poor. 5. For ages ago, many of the best known generals and great personages played chess, even of very primitive state: Gotama Buddha, Julius Caesar, Charlemagn, William the Conqueror and others it is said, and it is very well known that Napoleon played well, and that celebrated historian Henry Thomas Buckle, Charles Dickens, and Thomas Henry Huxley. And PREFACE. I J all the great Japanese personages of yore played, of course, to the deepest and highest degree, the most highly contrived game. 6. Some of the richest Japanese have presented many hundred chessboards and as many sets of pieces to the hospi- tals, for the soldiers, in this present war, and there is no exag- geration to say that every one of these sets are incessantly patronized by the wounded, who would enjoy to bring up the past and speculate for the future in association with the games. 7. Certain the writer dares say it is that almost all the Dai Nipponese concerned in the present Manchurian War are dexterious players of a game of the true Oriental Science and Art of War or Struggle. 8. The writer is wholly convinced that if any one would a little study the easy movements of the pieces of this fascinating chess war, he will, without doubt, understand how the brain is easily improved and his nerves will be tempered and hardened; and the author fully hopes that his mental faculty, brightened, sharpened and advanced by manoeuvres, tactics, diplomacy, strategy of wise men and generals on minimized battlefields on a small board upon a table — the maps of real warfares or struggles — would surely contribute one of the greatest shares for the everlasting promotion of the GREATEST RE- PUBLIC, THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, the FIRST in peace and FIRST in the hearts of all nations, and for its supremacy to oversee and direct the whole world for the sake of SUBLIME HUMANITY. C— Y. Chicago, 0:10 A. M. Fourth of July, 1904. CONTENTS Pagb Frontispiece Preface 7 -i i The Tree of Chessologics compared with that of Math- ematics — Chess Evolution — (a plate) between.. 14-1S Chess, Chessology, or Chessologics, its definition, its legitimate position, functions, etc i5~37 The importance of knowledge of the use of Figures. 38-49 Chessonytn — Chessonymy 47-81 Japanese Chess — its legitimate position, offices, etc. — as the Calculus in Chessology 50-214 Diagrams 60-65 Tengoma, or Mochingoma, the Vitalities of the cap- tured Chess pieces 86-186 Actual Warfare Elements as examples for the above 11 6-186 Alexander's siege and destruction of Tyre of the Phoenicians 11 7-1 29 The Siege of Port Arthur, a factor of the Man- churian campaign of Japan- Russian war. 129-186 Naru Promotion Method 187-190 Chinese Chess 207-210 I-go {Wei'ki) [Japanese and Chinese] 210-214 Problems (Mondai) 215-229 Index 230-243 «3 A View of Comparatively Assumed Probabilities of Relation of Branches of Ch 86-116; ss. 2a-6a, pp. 21 1-3.) Each of the divisions, or branches of the two Trees is divided, as in the n nitude or quantity or quality abstractly, with relatoin to matter; am bodies, and is consequently interwoven with physical considerations. gics and Mathematics as much Referred in This Work. (s. 8-8b, p. 17-19; pp. ocks, into PURE or ABSTRACT, which, respectively, considers element or mag- ED or APPLIED, which treats of magnitude or element as subsisting in material JAPANESE CHESS THE SCIENCE AND ART OF WAR OR STRUGGLE CHESSOLOGY Definition, Its Position and Functions. 1. Japanese Chess, or what we may vaguely call so here at present, is of a very great antiquity, and it is a descendant of the family of that which originated or was invented in time immemorial, or at least 5,000 years ago. The game has ac- quired a great and unique importance throughout the empire; mainly, no doubt, in consequence of its peculiarly and sooth- ingly extreme, yet inviting, difficulty. It is the subject of a most extensive literature which would fill up quite a large library, and its study has become more that of a science and a philosophy than a mere recreation. 2. Chess, or rather, Chessology, in its simple definition, is the most abstract of all the sciences, and is played, or rather practiced, as an intellectual pastime, the most purely intel- lectual of all the games of skill. It is founded upon a self- evident truth working irresistibly and uniformly in all spaces at all times. Chessology, in its largest sense, treats of the principles of the science of human struggles conceivable and symbolized in the shortest, smallest and least possible time, space and force and played as the highest and most intellectual game to develop and train the Mind, by virtue of amusement accompanied with competition; the term Chess is mainly to mean the art of skill and practice of Chessological game; and the latter is sometimes for convenience sake to be used to 15 1 6 JAPANESE CHESS mean either of both terms. It reveals the Idealistic and Artistic, as well as the beautiful, combinations symbolizing every known element of nature essential for struggles. Chess is the stronghold of abstract science and philosophy. (See and digest Mochingoma, pp. 86-1 1 6.) It is the Sovereign in the domain of all games. 3. Chess, a clear well and factory of patience, a regulator or governor of the Mind, has an extraordinarily flexible nature, comparable to the attributes of water, in a visible and tangible domain, electricity in the physical world and ether in space. Again, Chess is the conception and action out of enlivened imaginations, formed most commonly in regular numbers as to space, time and force, and it contains the impassioned ex- pression which is in the countenances of all sciences and phi- losophies, and more concise in work than in actual warfares and struggles. 4. It is simple, sensuous and impassioned; that is, simple in conception, abounding in sensible images, and in forming them all with the spirit of the Mind. Brevity, the soul of wit, consisting in the compactness and exactness of the thought, not in the curtailed expression of it, is the only fundamental principle of Chessology. 5. In Chess, beauty of thought and that of style should be reverenced to the fullest extent, for Chess is to elevate the altitude of Mind. There is embodied in Chess the repetition in a most condensed and most economized form of ideas, based upon experiences and observations and synthetic speculations, thus producing the effect of conciseness. The reason that conciseness is energy permeates Chess. The different players can develop the mission of Chess in their minds as large as their respective storage of knowledge expands. 6. Chessology, or Chess viewed from a wide standpoint of our present knowledge, in its entirety with especial reference to the part played by man, is to aim at reaching the highest training of Mind for the settlement of struggles, whatsoever conceivable by man, making them welcome and pleasure to himself. 7. It is, thus in brief, an abstraction of the highest kind of knowledge and of the universe of struggles and specula- tions conceivable by the human mind. CHESSOLOGICS 17 7a. Chess, in a general sense, has appeared in some or other form in times immemorial, though the term chess itself and all its cognate words were derived from the Persian tongue. (s 3, p. 36.) It has come out at the same time with the forma- tion of human mind, at the same time when the fingers begun to be used for counting numbers for human intellectual need. It has been improved, revolutionized and specialized in one way or another; and there are at present many kinds of Chess, but really branches, or divisions according to the law of Evolu- tion (the last part, s. 8a, p. 103 ; s. 4c, p. 115). The game is now played in all civilized countries and some others, and it is the only universal game that there is. The game was played in ancient Rome (s. 3, p. 36), and previously in early Greece; in Egypt antedating the period of the Pharaohs, in India long before the birth of history, and in China thousands of years ago. As according to the true and highest sense of the term, there is the only one History, and such a history as that of the United States, or English history or any other national history, is a mere story for contribution to the Unity of Stories — the History of Civilization — , so the time has arrived to have pro- duced what is called Chessology (s. 8, p. 17; s. 3-4C, p. 115; s. 4, p. 109). But for grasping this high conception or abstrac- tion of Chess, chessplayers are very far from perfectly under- standing Chess in both general and pure, or abstract sense of the term, and especially the grand beauty of Japanese Chess — the Calculus of Chessology. (Study and digest the Tree of Chessologics bet. pp. 14-15.) 8. Chessology, or Chessologics is in the highest and rigidest sense the Ultra- Philosophic-Science — both the Phi- losophy and Science of treating with training the Mind in the fewest vivid symbolization by minimum abstract condensation and maximum application for the maximum harvestage in struggles of all known principles of knowledge, the sum of human wisdom, for the most highly organized co-operation: Chess — Applied Chessology — the Art of the Chessological treatment of all kinds of spheres of knowledge, or the Art of an actual duel of wits and knowledge. It profits the players Maxima by virtue of Minima. It may be popularly defined as "a nutshell in which the Infinitude lies." — Kazan (s. 2a, p. 29; see ''Chestnuts,'' s. 3, p. 36 Hux.; s. 6a, p. 56; s. 7aa, p. 60). 1 8 JAPANESE CHESS 8a. Just as there is no such a science as Mathematics or Chem- istry or Astronomy of this or that country, so there is no other Chessology but the purest one only(s. 4, p. 109 ;s. 8, p. m). As game or an Art practicable and productive, Chess in the purest and highest significance is an abstraction, pure intellect and knowledge rendered into visible symbols of all human struggle- elements. It shows the student at first only the seemingly most important points, and then the others gradually to be discovered when further and deeper studied, as in the case of heavenly bodies, (s. 9, p. 35; s. 8, p. 88.) This abstraction embodied in Chess of all struggle-elements is in its manifesta- tions like sunlight viewed through stained glass by ordinary as well as special persons, whereas profound Chessologists take or generalize them as an entity. Chess in general is, therefore, a method or formula for abstraction of all struggles of which there are such grandest incessant struggles at the time of peace as International commerce, International competition for political supremacy and the like, and what is popularly and limit edly known as "war," is the most conspicuous at present as a legacy of savagism. Hence, the term chess attached with the local names in adjective such as the European, Oriental, Chinese or Korean, is a chsssological corollary or demonstra- tion or formula, and what is so-called a war-game is a con- crete problem of chessological treatment of things pertaining to only military works; hence, the French, German, American game of war, or siege-game (s. 2, p, 29; 7, p. iii). They are the formulas or offsprings evolved out of the principles of Chess, that is, struggles in absolute Chessdom according to the ne- cessities and capabilities of the mind of persons in different localities and speciality, (s. 2, p. 39.) Checkers is a branch also. Those branches are related to each other in Chessology in such a similar way as Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry (plane and spherical), Calculus, and others are in Mathematics. (See the Tree ofChessologics, bet. pp. 14-5 ; s. 3a, p. 7o-) A chess- ological principle teaches us that the fighting men — all con- cerned in actual warfares or struggles — are the sorts of chesspieces as war-field is a chessboard; and chessologists, including naval and military tacticians and strategists, may consider wars, that is, bloody struggles as a part of AppHed Chessological Knowledge or Arts. As just as Mathematics pervades all physical sciences, Chessology permeates all reasoning. CHESSOLOGICS 19 8b. The greatest aim of Chessology is to seek the absolute peace and happiness in the domain of all struggles of the self-in- terested human aggrandisement of things, as "to return violence (brute force) for violence is wrong." — {Kazan\, ''Bo-womotte Bd- ni Kdru, Kore Hi nari" (Chinese sage's in Japanese), and lastly to secure that same peace even in the struggle of peace itself versus struggles: "The soft conquers well the hard." — Kazan, "Ju yok Kd-wo seis-vC (Chinese sage's in Japanese), as "the meek and soft shall inherit the earth." — Tyndale, and "a soft answer turneth away wrath." — Prov. xv., i, as "no wind has broken a twig of a weeping willow. ' ' — Kazan ; ' 'the pen is mightier than the sword," and "Chess checks and checkmates struggle or war." — Kazan (s. 5, p. 208). In struggles are included any struggles, such as that of a tribe against another, a tribe against a nation, a nation versus another, an individual against another, a political party against another, freedom versus despotism, trusts or capitalists vs. unions or laborers, boycott vs, strike, economy versus extravagance, imperialism vs. democracy; monarchy or plutocracy or religiocracy or timocracy or strat- ocracy or all like these put together vs. Socialism, and the like. 9. Peace! Peace! Let there be peace! Some say that war brings peace, but it is not very satisfac- tory! Hence, The Hague Tribunal has been instituted, and even then wars devasted the territory of peace; hence the treaties of arbitrations are trying to checkmate the horrible wars; and even then it might be doubtful to let them cease entirely, hence commerical relations founded upon intellectual knowledge for a practical, peaceful life are needed to check- mate warlike struggles, (s. 2,3, p. 29.) Thus even arbitration or peace conference itself comes under the head of struggle. I. Struggles needing, consciously or unconsciously, the measurements of time, distance (locality) and force — Logistics — the science and art of meeting with them come under the training by Chess of the Mind. Chessology, the most abstract and severe of all sciences, trains the human Mind the only source of intellectual activity, to prepare through the most unresistible mental pastime, amusement and competition, to meet with future complicating ramifications of energy, by the aid of the fewest possible symbols, to expose the largest possible influence or spheres of inter-relations of both mental and physical actions. 20 JAPANESE CHESS 2. Chessology is the basis of all the discipline and training of the human mind, deliberately prepared to meet with the events of struggles. It points out the chief elements or factors of fail- ures and successes in the ceaseless strife for competitions or exist- ences; — in the severest and most abstract way as possible and through soothing powers of intellectual amusement and com- petition, it innately leads the players to, and it teaches them, the principles of training and nursing the MIND to be developed into a more highly tempered and sounder Mind, which is the paramount Sovereign Lord of all sciences, arts and philosophies : — Hence, Chess is the most abstract of all the departments of knowledge; consequently, it undergoes a change, both subjective and objective, according to the different strata of the players, respectively different minds. 3. Chess is unquestionably and keenly susceptible of any ideas conceivable and impressive whatever, whether of the matter or the spirit or even extra-natural speculations. All sciences are to become a basis, or pay their tributes for the employment of mental energy, in the Science and Art of strug- gles in life ; the right and the proper application of them by vir- tue of the Science of training the human Mind through intellec- tual amusement and competition — applied Chessology — is a special Art in itself — Chess. It opens to the players the general course of intellectual development. 4. Chess, which is worth}^ to be praised as the mother of Logic and Mathematics, is simpler to be practiced for the culture of the ^lind than the latter which are heavier and comparatively somewhat cumbersome. Consequently Chess is easily prac- ticed and exercised, and, in fact, played by the oldest and the most learned as well as by the youngest and unschooled children because of its being subjective, whilst Logic and Mathematics are only to be handled by the especially cultured. Chess forms mind and intellectual strength which are positively indispensable to Logic and Mathematics which are not consciously necessary in playing chessological game. Hence, "CHESSOLOGICS, or Chess KJnowledge is an indispensable and positively necessary part of education." — Danzo-Kikzan. (s. 2a, p. 29; s. 3, p. 36.) 5. Chess invigorates the power of mind and endows the play- ers with the power and habit of the concentration of mind. It produces a strong frame and fineness of mind; — in brief. Chess- CHESSOLOGICS 21 ologics harnesses the Sovereign Mind. The unfolding and for- mation of an individual character are, therefore, left to practice, and those of an individual judgment are thus theoretically se- cured perfectly well. 6. Washington, speaking of Thomas Paine — who constantly and successfully stirred and kept up the spirit of the Revolution- ary Soldiers by repetitions of his motto, "These are the times to try our souls," when he saw the soldiers' hardships — remarked "Thomas Paine's pen did more than the sword;" the pen might- ier than the sword, the result of Mind, the soul of Chessology. (s. 8b, p. 19; s. 8, p. 47; s. 3, p. 115; Arts. 26,28, 30-1, p. 204-5.) 7. Napoleon, a chessplayer over the board, in war and diplo- macy, said "Before entering upon an undertaking I have medi- tated for a long time, and have foreseen what might happen. It is not genius which reveals to me suddenly, secretly, what I have to say or do, in a circumstance unexpected by other people; it is reflection and meditation." He made himself by delibera- tion and premeditation, active flower of his mind. (s. 3, p. 36; s. 2, p. 117.) 7a. It is not a large size and a huge population, nor enormous resources of a country, nor the superior number of the best cruis- ers, nor the first class battleships, nor a few best diplomatists, nor all those combined that one nation wins victories over an- other ; but a larger mass of people of the nation should have their Mind trained as all other matters followit. In the Manchurian campaign, the " Yellow Rats'' in Russian terminology showed in every way their trained mind on battle fields. The Japanese naval success was due entirely to the personnels of their fleet. The Russian materials, except torpedo boats and destroyers, was considerably superior to ^heir extremely despised foe's. The whole Muscovite tragedy plainly exposes that the need of Chess- ologically training the most essential factor of the personnels, that is. Mind, is paramount importance for men, as shown by the Japanese navy and army, acted and moved like a clockwork exactly after the manner of chesspieces on a war-field board, (ss. 5, 6, p. 27; s. 4, p. 51; pp. 117-186.) 8. Human actions in whatever ways attributed are traceable to the thought, or conception, or mental images, the productions of the Sovereign Mind, whereby universal truths or permanent arrangements of elements of struggles are expressed and sym- 22 JAPANESE CHESS bolized in Chess. (5, p. 54.) What is then our estimation of the value of Chess, in which are expressed conception in the most flexible ways from the smallest to the largest in the least possible limit of space, time and force, and besides, with the greatest in- tellectual amusement by the most soothing competitions not shared by the other sciences, arts and philosophies and by which the Sovereign Mind is harnessed and it is trained to take its own right course in every way? It is the highest of all sciences and arts and philosophies, and the supreme guide of the human AFFAIRS. 9. Because "I think, therefore I am", because "Know thy- self, TvS)6l o-cavTov", and because the first and the greatest dis- tinction between man and the other animals or living existences and, in fine, between a wise man and other men, is the thought or Mind which makes the former divine and lets him govern the latter, therefore Chessology, a reservoir of wisdom — philoso- phic science and scientific philosophy — of drilling or training the Mind, the thinking principle, with minimum condensed prin- ciples for the maximum fruitage of its application, is the highest of all the departments of knowledge, the power itself. (See s. 5, p. 54 and s. 7, p. III.) 1. To have thus perfected Chess and exalted it to this re- splendent zenith is traceable to a spark of the burning mind, trained and nursed in the brains of the far eastern Geniuses, whose minds have been in turn heightened by Chess itself. Japanese Chess is the mastery, and can never be otherwise, in the sphere of Chessdom. (s. 7, p. 21 ; ss. 4-4c,p. 115 ; s. 2, p. 117.) 2. Chessplaying cultivates the habit of attention, strengthens the power of observation, speculation, the reasoning by induc- tion and deduction, produces equanimity, makes one exact and recreates very much by amusement in concentrating the power of the mind, and especially by taking possession of the intellectual faculties and diverting them from their accustomed routine grooves. The organ of thought, after being much occupied in business or greatly worried by cares, or in any way set by dis- appointments and painful reflections, finds in the absorbing and abstracting properties of chessological game that temporary relief which the lighter pastimes will not always bring. Here there is the reason which is not far from being understood. 3. Here acts a principle of something like homoeopathic work. CHESSO LOGICS 23 Anxieties, cares and sorrows are caused by looking forward to or apprehending things to come, and as such, are neutralized by that foresight which the conduct of the chessological game demands. Chess thus checkmates an unnecessary nervous ex- citement. Then, Chess, nursing previous preparation or readi- ness of mind and, thus, doing away with unexpected contingen- cies, has peacefully succeeded in subduing or utterly checkmat- ing irritability of temper and nervous excitability, for the under- standing of the nature could almost pierce into future contin- gents. (See s. 3 p. 16; ss. 5-6, p. 27.) Chess calls one away from gambling and dissipations into which almost all other games are apt to drive him; Intelligence vs. Brute instinct! A game of Chess cures vanity and a conceit forever, (ss. 5-6, p. 27; s. 9, Art. 22, p. 204.) 3a. The question, whether or not Chess, however the greatest of intellectual games, might be too much of a strain on the mind, could be chessologically answered in regard to whether or how far it may become a recreation or an excessive and hurtful exer- tion, because Chessology itself by reason of the highest intellect- uality commands us to ascertain where there is just such a degree of playing as to bring out the most useful, harmless and pleasant recreation for checkmating the violent effort. Chess is the re- creation itself; it solves Strain 7;^. Recreation! (s. 8b, p. 19.) 4. Chess is the most and the best fitted for old folks to en- joy their rest from taking out-of-door exercises during younger age, and to be delighted in teaching their youngsters with their experiences and speculative ideas. The old do not realize that they are becoming older; it refreshes and rejuvenates their mind, and gives to the young the power of competitions and patience, and cultivates endurance and foresight, and endows them with the virtues of the elder people. 5. This chessological game is the only game in which the old people and the young can congenially play together with- out making each other tired at all and forget and entirely discard their seniority and juniority that are, in other depart- ments of games and knowledge, constant bone of contentions, in despising each other's inferiority in their operations and practical skill. Chess teaches the players this essential ad- vantage of the game and encourages them in sustaining union of minds and hearts, however old or young, — mutual pro- 24 JAPANESE CHESS tection and support — co-operation in their whole life careers (pp. 129-186; s.9,p. 163; s. 8, p. 169). It is the only democratic game in which the players do not exclude any class of men, and no castes are tolerated. ZE ^ J|$ ;t9 'W S ^ ''Wang Kung Tseang Seang yew Chung wu,'' in Chinese; and in Japanese, "(5 KoSho Sho Shu aran yaV 'Is there any stock (caste) whosoever of King (emperor, or any other chief), Dukes (nobles). Generals and ministers (assistants, advisers, secretaries)?' A war-game Kriegspiel, the newest and youngest offspring of Chess, is only fitted profitably for military officers, and not possibly for naval persons, and not even for ordinary soldiers, simply because of its being made only for military leaders, and con- sequently and certainly not for others (see ss. 7-9, p. 70-3; ss. 6-4, p. 99), for it is too stiff; that is, too concrete for high ideals of human life, as mere militarism is a source of a caste system or a despotism. (See 3a, p. 23.) 6. Why the Far Eastern people are progressing in every line of their actions can be easily discerned by this game of struggles in life. It is now an open secret art, as a key to elevate the Mind. (s. 4, p. 8.) 7. Chessological principle being the most flexible of all of those of sciences and philosophies, its practical art or game is played in both the easiest and most difficult ways possible, and it is enjoyed through the advantages of the most abundant power of the greatest mental amusement accompanied with the most exhaustive mental competition. 8. There is not at all a least exaggeration whatever in regard to the merit of all the foregoing statements when we know that all the factors, besides amusements and com- petitions, of all the human struggles ever conceivable by men, are perfectly embodied in the apparently small board with only — in the case of the Japanese — 9 X 9 squares or slightly rectangular sections, simply marked by exoterically straight lines, over which the seemingly small and unworthy insig- nificant chess-pieces are to be moved by any sane man. (See ss. 6, 6a, 7, p. 56-8.) 9. Some think that chessplaying is interesting as well as instructive, yet a time is taken a great deal, besides none of profit. But, Chess is, on the contrary, a live and beneficial pastime — and not at all a dull game for mere recreation; it CHESSOLOGICS 2$ teaches how a time (also space, and force, of course), however short (small), is important, and when considered from purely chessological standpoint, the practice of drilling the mind will finally recompensate more than what they think a great loss by an exorbitant use of time. Chess, in this way, serves the players to turn ennui into account by making himself exact, and thus making the game absolutely productive. For the Mind is the sovereign pilot, compass, guiding force of human actions and intellectual functions; and that governing supreme en- ergy, when trained by chessological principles, will make the players to enable to employ and adjust the time to the most advantageous extent which ordinary or superficial and hyper- critical people complaining of the amount of time to be used in chess can never conceive or realize for their whole lives, because even the least wastage of energy or three elements — space, time and force — is forbidden in Chess, and Chess trains the Mind in the most economical ways to employ a least frac- tion of the energy to the greatest possible culmination of the advantages. In brief, "Chessology is the most severe teacher of the Science of Economy." — Qhen-O. (s. 4. p. 20.) 9a. Some think that chess is a difficult game, and almost every English pocket dictionary defines it as "a difficult game"; but this is utterly a mistake. The idea of difficulty works as a stumbling block in a way of encouraging chess beginners. Real chessological difficulty exists only when it stares at the face of experts. Non-difficulty for ordinary amusement pur- pose is the beauty of the game. (See s. 7 above, and s- 2, p. 50,) The moves may be learned in half an hour, and a few days' practice will evoke a sufficient amount of skill to afford pleasure both to the learner himself and even to his tutor. The in- telligent novice will soon be convinced that an ignorant manipu- lation of the chesspieces does not conduce to success, and he will seek for instruction in the right manner to open the game; the various debutes are, after all, simple, and he will find no diffi- culty in acquiring them, one after another. This nobly ac- commodating attribute of making chess in one way the easiest , and in the other, the most difficult game (7, p. 24), is a most beautiful factor of the supremacy of Chessology in the ocean of scientific pleasures of knowledge. (s. 9c, Art. 31, p. 205.) I. When many months — several years, or centuries, or 2 6 JAPANESE CHESS ages of warfares or struggles of innumerable kinds are involved in the shortest possible time on a struggle field of the chess board, real chessological game players cannot afford to com- plain of the loss of time, — if they can do so, they are not chess players! They play chess as they think, but they do not. 'Shdngi sashi no Shdngi shiraz, chessplayers ! you do not know Chess ! ' — Kazan. 2. Several weeks, one hour a day, will suffice for this pur- pose, unless his power of understanding be checked by ob- stinacy, indolence or self-esteem, and the rest goes with his natural capacity. A mere average intelligence is sufficient for a very fair amount of proficiency and strength; while an intellect not much above the common men will suffice to lead right up to the tolerably recognized class of players; that is, those to whom the masters of the game can only concede some small odds of ''Fuhyd, an infantry piece and move," and the like. (ss. 4, 5, 6, p. 190.) 3. In regard with any persons who already play European chess, they would be able fairly to play the Japanese within half an hour or less and soon to make himself par his former self in interesting in his new line but with uncomparably far greater enjoyment accrued from sound reasoning of the latter than the former. A player, even as a beginner, cannot help to become very easily and deeply interested in chessworks when he could independently discover there something, however seem- ingly insignificant, which would reveal itself to his instinct, association of his ideas and reasoning, (ss. 2-2a, pp. 28-9.) 4. Those wishing to improve will find it very beneficial to play upon even terms with players stronger than themselves; for a persistence in taking odds, besides having a discouraging and debilitating effect upon the weaker player, takes the game out of its proper grooves, and tends to produce positions not naturally or unchessologically arising in the ordinary course of the game, as developed from the recognized openings. The reception of odds incapacitates a player from acquiring an insight into the principle of Chessology, and from compre- hending the latent meanings and conceptions upon which combinations and a proper plan of struggles or warfares are founded; while play on even terms throws the player at once upon his own judgment, and by causing him to study his op- CHESSOLOGICS 27 ponent's play, leads necessarily to a material improvement in his own style. 5. The habit of patience and conformity with orders and observance of the rules of refined etiquette is absolutely culti- vated by chessologic practice. (Sees.7,(2o),p.203.) The author, when a mere boy, watching his grandfather playing I go (pp. 210-214), was told once a while by his mother that he should not disturb the welfare of the players; and she referred to the square pit on the back of the chessboard and I go-hoard (see pp. 210-4). She stated that when bystanders would make trouble or lead rough conducts around players, or say or remark or suggest about plans or take the side of one, or when one player would have acted any mean unmanly unchival- rous campaign on the stage of struggles, the player himself so provoked could punish the impolite unresponsible fellows by killing the offender on the spot and by putting his head chopped off on the back pit turned upside down. The mother said that it was for the purpose to have the hollow part, and that the killed deserved to have been punished because of a violation of strict fundamental laws, and ethical rules of etiquette of the Samraism, the first principle of the then governing class of people, (s. 4, p. 51.) 6. She said that none were chastised on that score by the Lord of the land. How in Japan's olden time the governing class of people valued the chessological Art or Science of strug- gles, commonly known as Shdngi (Chess), and Go, (4 p. 2 12) we can even at present easily imagine. Whether the square pit of a severe form was carved in the down side of the board block of wood for the purpose, or just for an ornament, a strong moral effective power upon the part of the youngsters, the parents of youths, should have been certainly remarkable. Thus, there was a way of a Spartan training of mind and discipline of orders. This very spirit of the Samrai-no- Michi, Biishido, the doctrine of Chivalry rules the country; (see s. 4, p. 51.); and it checkmated China and Russia (see pp. 129-186). This Bushidd has preserved the nation in sound state never to have been conquered by a foreign nation. (Arts. 18-22, pp. 113; 203-4.) 7. With a moderate expenditure of time and mental labor, there might be acquired a playing both amusing and 28 JAPANESE CHESS instructive, and training intellectual knowledge based upon an appreciation of the chessological principles and empirical formulae representing the generalized experiences of the players. 8. In the dead winter and infernal summer days when out-of-door exercises are often unpracticable the utilitarian amusement is nothing but sublime. 9. Baseball and football, especially, are by row^^/i competition for athletic or muscular development; and the chessological game, by quiet and soothing competition and amusement for mental strength and intellectual development; the latter may be mentioned as the J u juts, the Soft Art, of the Mind. When mental gymnastics is needed. Chess is only the best recourse to which every one in any walk of life should appeal, (s. 3, p. 23.) 1. The chessological principles permeate any branches of knowledge, because Chess is the philosophic science of draining the human Mind, the sole source of human actions and knowl- edge, and the other sciences are not so active as Chess to stimulate the Mind for investigations (s. 2a, p. 29). The latter works to do so by direct mental competitions, and with a re- enforcement of the sublime intellectual amusement: direct competition and amusement almost utterly lacking in other sciences and philosophies. 2. That knowledge developes through natural means — observations, experiences, experiments, their associations and assimilations, comparisons, generalizations, discoveries and in- ventions — by successive failures through inclemencies, is exactly embodied in Chessology, the extract and abstract of the sum of knowledge condensed and expressed by the cardinal prin- ciples of Chess, of which the interpretations are established by conformity with natural laws and probably even extra-natural speculations of interactions and uniformity of nature — and these interpretations by virtue of different mental capacities of the different players actuate the equivalences of corresponding forces in proportion with time and distance and their inter- relationship. Being purely abstract. Chess when represented as concrete, depending upon the different mental attitudes of persons, would, therefore, stand as a business game for a busi- ness man, as a military game (as already schemed as a war- game, suggested by the chessological principles) for an army man, as a naval game for a navy man, as shown by a Japanese CHESSOLOGICS 29 battleship commander who played a live Japanese Chess game by substituting the subordinate officers for the pieces of the game-board chalk-marked on the deck of the ship involved in the present war, as a real and true war-game for a war-man, man of warfare, as a philosophical solution for a deep thinker or a speculator, as a love game for all persons concerned in the affairs, as politics for a politician or a statesman, a diplomatic game for diplomats, its application upon international law to settle international struggles. Why is it that the Japanese are versed in the laws ? They say that they are born diplomats. But how? (See the Tree of Chessologics, bet. pp. 14-15.) 2a. Many consider life as a game of chess, or chess as a game of life (see s. 8b, p. 19; s. 3, p. 36, Huxley), and painters have treated life as such thereby a man is figured as playing over the board against Destiny or Fate, an untangible form behind the scenes (Huxley s. 3, p. 36). To some persons, Chess ap- pears to be rendered as a synonym with the love game. Charles Dickens remarked: "Love [intellectual affection, the only lasting love] that has a game of chess in it can checkmate any man and solve the problem of life." (s. 7, p. 45.) To a mili- tary man Chess is — in fact, looks like — a military game. But many identify Chess as seen by entirely dropping the funda- mental principles of chessology (ss. 3a, 4, p. 32-3). The student must not confound the terms and meanings of a military game, or so-called war-game, and Chess as a war-game or military game. He should clearly understand the distinctions in order to taste and to digest the principles exhaustively demonstrated. 3. A war-game, which is not really a war-game in its pres- ent form and sense, but a military game — hence, a so-called war-game — is one of the promiscuous problems made concrete out of Chessology, just as an arithmetical question, one of mis- cellaneous concrete examples rendered out of mathematical solutions in symbols of facts to be determined. It means that the construction of the latent meanings of the chesspieces, their movements, squares and all other factors depends upon the individual party's state of mind, which Chess endeavors to elevate. (See8-8b, p. i7-9;pp. 108-112.) If checkers, a branch of Chessology, could be fairly interpreted as, and paralleled with, the drill of a battalion or a regiment, Chess rendered severely concrete exhibits the strategic movements of armies. Every 30 JAPANESE CHESS chessplayer should not even a minute forget that Chess is the highest abstraction, so that blood-thirsty struggles in savagery, commonly known as wars, occupy in the rigidest eyes of Chessology a very small part of Applied Chessologics (s. 8a, p. i8; s. 3, p. 36, Hux.), while a military game under the name of a war-game conducts only the movements of armies, or land forces, (s. 5, p. 208.) 4 A highly advanced, refined, scientific training of the mind, which Chess nurses even to the highest degree and finish, is required in order clearly to see the essence of Chess, especially the movements of the chess-pieces. All other sciences and philosophies, and speculations pay Chess their respective ab- stract tributes, essential to the struggles in human affairs. Chessology is a reservoir of mental power; it gives at first and receives the reward — so that it is a science of 'to give and take' or vice versa to reach a desired end, HOPE. (s. 7a, p. 73.) 5. The Chinese name for chess is the most beautifully ap- propriate one, which will be explained presently. It describes almost exactly the meaning or the principle of Chess. 6. The Mathematic- Astronomical and Astrological (s. 4, p. 108) Ancient Chinese expressing Chess by this name could exactly divine the scientific truth of nature; it is surely to embody all the abstract elements and essential attributes conceivable of knowledge. The Chinese nomenclature, from a chessological view point, clearly and wisely depicts both concretely and esoterically the general aspect of the most abstract and ma- jestic of all the departments of knowledge, which is power. Now, the term Knowledge in Chinology has been, according to the Ancient Chinese sages, '^\,Shin-Jin, idealized, idiographed and pictographed as ^, hed) Q, originally, QP, stands for a mortar ; 1 , originally ix , or ji* , ;:; or the like indicating some small things, anything to be put in a mortar, thus, «?,' — pounded, powdered or cleaned ; •^, 'or originally, '^, a pestle; and ^, originally ^, a man; so that the entire character sug- gesting that a man with a pestle pounds or polishes something in a mortar. 7. The whole character, standing for Knowledge, is to con- vey the meaning that a mere acquisition of Knowledge is not enough, but should be pulverized or cleaned and digested for practical purposes; that it should be classified or you must CHESSOLOGICS 3 1 systematically reason, whence $, hed, means Science or Philoso- phy. (See s. 4, p. 37 ; s. I , p. 95.) (See the Figures pp. 38-49 and digest.) The way to understand the latent meanings of chessolo- gical matters and chessonyms (see ss. 9, 9a, 3, p. 47-8; pp. 70-73) is very necessary and the most important, and indispensable to get the perfect enjoyment out of Chess. 8. Make yourself divine and digest the principles of Mochi- ngoma (pp. 86-186). Now, the Chinese call Chess "Chong-Kie" ^^, '' Chong,'" ®, originally, an elephant, secondly symbolized to stand for ^, Heaven, or the Universe, as in the case of the old Hindus, with whom the L^/^ra-ancient Chinese participated in knowledge, thereby the white elephant, the symbol of the Uni- verse; then meaning phenomena or the phases of the Universe, whence meaning changes or figures or appearances equivalent to the character J^, as seen in the phrases ^J^, "present forms" equivalent to ^^, or ]^^ "present forms or figures or phases," and as shown by ^^