Class JAA^A_ Book • r 1623. Richard Montague, D. D.§ »> 1638. Brian Duppa, D. D.|| - - The King. * He brought the water to supply the town. Leland. He resigned and had a pension of £30 per annum for life out of the rectory, confirmed under the seals of Bishop Sherburne and Eton College. t Fellow of Winchester College and Bursar of Eton College, "Rector per triginta annos, ob. 1591." Inscription on brass, X A painful pastor of this church of Petworth for the space of thirty years, ob. 1622. Brass. § Dr. Montague was elected Bishop of Chichester July 14. 1628, and had a dispensation to hold Petworth in conmendam as long as he continued Bishop of Chichester, (as did the next two Rectors) this practice is deservedly condemned by Lord Hobart as most injurious. He was translated to Norwich, 1638. He wrote a tract entitled Appello Ccesarem, on which Pym reported in 1626, and the House of Commons resolved "That Mr. Montague endea- voured to reconcile England to Rome, and alienate the king's affection from his well effected subjects." |j Duppa was successively Bishop of Chichester (1638), Salis- bury (1641), and Winchester (1660), after having been chaplain to Charles I. and tutor to the Princes Charles and James. He was with Charles I. at the surrender of Cxford, and remained in solitude at Richmond till the Restoration. On an almshouse which he afterwards founded there, this inscription still remains over the gate, "I will pay ray vows which I made to Grod in my trouble." KINO.— CHEYNELL. 69 Rectors. Patrons. J641. Henry King, D. D* - - The King. 1643. Francis Cheynell, D. D.f The Parliament. * An account of this Bishop of Chichester (son of John King, Bishop of London, James the First's "King of Preachers") is to be found in Godwin de Prcesulibus, and A. Wood, Athence Oxon. Hi. 839. He was himself an eminent preacher, and chaplain in ordinary to James I. Deprived of Petworth by the Parliament, he was reinstated to this rectory 1660. His tract entitled "A deep Groan fetch' d at the Funeral of the incomparable and glorious monarch King Charles I.," was printed 1649. As a poet he enjoy- ed considerable reputation : his poems have been recently collected and edited. London 1843. Bishop King was buried in Chichester Cathedral, where before the fall of its spire, his tomb was to be seen at the back of the choir screen. t Calamy tells us that Cheynell "long resided at Petworth and was very assiduous in his ministry there." He is better known as one of the Westminster Assembly of Divines in 1643. Being most zealous and active in the cause of the Parliament he was ap- pointed one of the seven preachers "having power to preach in any church in Oxford." Hot headed and disputatious, he was fore- most in every controversy there, the Puritans "could do nothing without Cheynell." A. Wood says that he was of "a fiery face" and gives an example of his fiery disposition, — While visitor at Oxford, seeing a scholar going out of St. Mary's door wearing a hat with a ribbon in it, embroidered with a royalist device, obnoxious to him "he did with great fury snatch the hat irom his head, pull the ribbon thence with disdain, tear or cut it in pieces and threw to the scholar his hat again." He attended the army of the Earl of Essex, and obtained the rectory of Petworth for his services to the Commons. He was a most popular preacher with the House. A Sermon entitled "The Man of Honour, preached before the Lords of Parliament in the Abbey Church at Westminster, March 26. 1645, the Solemn day of the Publique Monethly Fast, by Francis Cheynell, Minister of God's Word," was ordered to be printed and the thanks of the House given to Master Cheynell for his great pains. An examination of Cheynell' s writings shews that he was an able man, and of extensive reading. As the opponent of Laud, Hammond & Chilling worth, Dr. Johnson in his biography of him observes "that his memory would not have been preserved, had he not, by being conjoined with illustrious names, become the object of public curiosity." He was however one of the most energetic and prominent men of his party, and this criticism is somewhat too severe, if we try to consider him dispassionately. One blot notwithstanding will necessarily ever stain his character, — « 70 PETWORTH. Rectors. Patrons. 1660. Henry King, D. D. - - (reinstated). 1669. John Price, D. D.* - - Eton College. 1691. Edward Pelling, D. D.f - „ his virulent persecution of Chillingworth to and beyond the death. In his "Chillingworthi Novissima" he displays his own fanaticism. The terrible coldness of the season had compelled Chillingworth to seek shelter in Arundel Castle, from which, on the castle's being taken, he was removed to the bishop's palace Chichester, where he died. Cheynell attended him constantly during his illness, but at the burial in the cloisters at Chichester, he met the corpse, having in his hands Chillingworth' s famous work "The religion of Pro- testants" and threw it into the grave with the dead body, saying "Get thee gone, thou cursed book, which has seduced so many precious souls : get thee gone thou corrupt rotten book : earth to earth, and dust to dust : get thee gone into the place of rotten- ness, that thou may est rot with thy author and see corruption." Cheynell is said to have died at Preston, Sussex, 1665, disordered in his understanding. * It is asserted that General Monk's plan of the restoration of Charles II. was communicated to none but to Dr. Barrow his physician, and to Mr. John Price his chaplain ; this circumstance is alluded to on the brass to his memory, within the altar rails. Sub hoc saxo sepulchral! jacent Eeiiquise venerabilis viri Johanis Price, S. T. P. Qui Ducibus AumarlisB Patri et filio a sacris erat. In Eestaurando Carolo fidelissimus Adjutor Quippe qui a Partibus Kegis et Ecclesioe Fortiter semper stetit Kebus in adversis. Yitse tandem cursu pie peracto, obiit iEtonensis Collegii socius Ecclesise Sarum Praebendarius iNecnon Pettworthensis Parochise ? , - ,_ Q1 Pastor vigilantissimus. J P r " ' * "Mystery and Method of the happy restauration of Charles II., laid open to public view, by John Price," 1680. A book preserved in the Library, at Petworth House. f Admission, on presentation of Eton Coll. Eeg. Patrick fol. 10. (Chichester), Author of a work entitled "Pelling on Charity." LATER INCUMBENTS. 71 Rectors. 1718. Benj. Langwith, D. D.* 1 743. John Wickins, D. D. - 1783. Euseby Cleaver, D. D.f - 1789. Charles Dunster, M. A.J 1816. Thomas Sockett, M. A.§ 1 859. Charles Holland, M. A. - Patrons. Charles Duke of Somerset. Charles Duke of Somerset. George Earl of Egremont. ?> ?> George Lord Leconfield. * Author of Observations on Arbuthnot's Essay on the Weights and Measures of the ancients, 4to. 1747. t Bishop of Cork and Eoss, 1789, and of Leighlin and Ferns, 1789. Archbishop of Dublin, 1809. % One of the most eminent critical scholars of his time. He published a translation of "The Frogs" of Aristophanes, 4to. 1785. His works in connection with English literature are an edition of Phillips's "Cyder" with excellent notes, and many local anecdotes of Herefordshire, 8vo. 1791. Paradise Regained with "notes of much erudition." 1795. Considerations on Milton's early reading and the prima stamina of his Paradise Lost. 1800. In his later years he devoted himself exclusively to Divinity, and published several works on the proofs of Christianity. § There is a portrait of the Rev. T. Sockett, by Phillips, in the Library, Petworth House. In his earlier career he was associated with the poet Hayley's Life of Cowper. He graduated at Oxford ; and became Rector of Petworth & Duncton (Sussex), and of North Scarle (Lincoln). As during a decade of his life, the writer of these pages, his godson, received the benefit of his instruction, he now gladly seizes the opportunity of paying a small tribute of gratitude to his memory. His acquaintance with experimental science was accurate and extensive. His untiring love for the classics in general, and for Horace in particular, was truly remarkable. The New Tes- tament he always preferred to hear in the Greek original. His goodness was unostentatious ; but not the less active, and his works do follow him. 72 PETWORTH. CHAPTER V. The Town— Roads— Tradesmen's Tokens— Petworth Marble— Iron Works — Hospitals — Old Houses— Inn Signs— Sports of the last century — Town Hall — G-aol — Modern improvements. The market towne of Petteworth, Yn the wald of Southsax, is right well encreasid, Syns the Yerles of Northumbreland usid litle to ly there. Leland. The terms in which old Topographies, Directories, and Gazetteers speak of Petworth, considered by itself, as a town, apart from Petworth House, the Park, and the surpassingly beautiful scenery which surrounds it, are not flattering. One ignorantly as- serts that it is situated on a considerable eminence, upon a small stream near the Pother ; another describes the town as an irregular mass of streets ; while a third mentions it as small, and consisting of an irregular assemblage of buildings.* Its want of arrangement must be admitted; but the very intricacy of its ways and the quaintness of its old houses which disfigure Petworth, in the opinion of some, may commend it to others, as at least as picturesque as the long strait thoroughfare which characterizes many of our towns, and some of our cities. To return to the Domesday survey; it was then an independent and thriving place, producing * Petworth is 14 miles from Chichester, N. E. by N. ; 11 from Arundel, N. ; and 49 from London, S. W. by W, The parish, which is the most populous in the Kape of Arundel, contained 3368 inhabitants at the last census. It is 6140 acres in extent. KEFORMATION PERIOD. 73 dina fluviorum, the species of which Petworth marble is composed. The difference between the two kinds of marble is very conspicuous, when they are seen in juxtaposition. S. A. C. vii. 63. IKON WOEKS. 81 pillars, such as those in the north aisle, and the columns in the clerestory at Chichester, It was pro- bably however not so much wrought for this purpose as has been asserted, — some of the examples cited are certainly Purbeck. But in many of the churches of Sussex it occurs as sepulchral slabs, in which brasses were inserted. One of these at Trotton measures 9 ft. 6 in. by 4 ft. 6 in. In the old houses of the Sussex gentry it is frequently to be observed in the form of sideboards, columns and chimney pieces, and was so abundant near Petworth that one sees it used in the town even for ignoble purposes, as for paving and for the construction of sinks and water-troughs. It has been mentioned that old Petworth Park was nearly consumed by the iron works* at an early period, as one laments who was evidently acquainted with this district, "Such a heate," he says "issueth out of so many forges and furnaces for the making of iron, and out of the glassf kilns, as hath devoured many famous woods within the welds, as about * In an excellent account of the Sussex Iron Works by Mr. Lower, we find as owners in 1574, "The late Earl of Northumberland, 1 fordg, 1 furnace, in Petworth Great Park, in the hands of Mr. Blackwell. Thomas Smyth, 1 fordg, 1 furnace in Shillinglee. Henry Boyer, 1 furnace in Moore forest." S. A, C. ii. iii. t A road from Petworth in the direction of Kirdford retains the name of "Glass house Lane." In the parishes of Kirdford and Wisboro' Green there were two glass manufactories during the reign of Elizabeth, the last had employment as late as that of Charles I. Dallaway clxv. 82 PETWORTH. Burning fold, Lopwood Greene (Loxwood), the Minns, Kirdford, Petworih parkes, Ebernoe, Wassels, fyc* The hammer pondsf which remain in the neighbour- hood, and especially the string of them in Stag Park, now converted into fish ponds, are sufficient evidence of the manufacture of this metal, now monopolized by the North ; but which once raised many Sussex families to affluence. One of the distinctive features of Petworth is the number and munificence of its charities ; and what- ever may be theoretically advanced against such be- nevolent institutions, it cannot be denied that they have been beneficial to the inhabitants of this place. No town in Sussex is in this respect better provided.^ The earliest is Thompson's Hospital, in North Street, founded 1624, and well endowed. § The founder directed that the Governors should be in- corporated and use a common seal, the house to be called "The Hospital of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, of the guyft or foundacion of Thomas * ISTorden, Surveyor's Dialogue, London. 1607. f So pleasantly described by A. E. Knox, Esq., in his Orni- thological Rambles in Sussex, 99. A work highly esteemed by all naturalists, in which many scenes and incidents near Petworth are depicted. Both to the zoologist and to the botanist the vicinity offers a rich field for observation. J The income derived from these charities and endowments amounts to nearly £1600. a year. § The founder was born here. He left the House built by him in 1618, for a hospital : and the trust deed provides "that £60. per annum shall be given to 12 (now 14) poore persons of either sex, inhabitants of Petteworth, and that the increments of the estate should be divided between them." The gross value of its revenues at the present time is £267. per annum. * »• THE SOMERSET HOSPITAL. 33 Thompson,* Gent, of Barnard's Inn." It is neatly built of stone, has been restored, and is in good preservation. The Somerset Hospital, a remarkable specimen of the brick building, of the early part of the last century, also in North street, is the largest of these charitable foundations.! The property was purchas- ed by Charles Duke of Somerset in 1740, J who in 1746, built the Hospital for twelve poor widows, § to be elected by owner of the Honor, Manor, and Man- sion House of Petworth for the time being. The Duke liberally endowed it and personally * In a return made by Lake, Bishop of Chichester, of Hospitals in Sussex, before 1690, it is stated that "In Petworth is an Hospital founded by one Thompson.,.. There was also a chapel joined to this Hospital and endowed with about £10 per annum, for a person to read Divine Service to the poor people ; but this is now suppressed and the Chapel shut up." S. A. C. xiij. 305. f Elizabeth Countess Dowager of Northumberland had be- queathed (Dec. 30, 1704,) £1000. to the Duke for the purchase of lands for maintenance of six poor widows. His Grace carried out her design and increased the number to twelve, % A letter dated Northumberland House, June 17, 1740, gives the particulars of the sale, this property had been part of the estate of Francis Mose, Esq., occupied by a family named Wiekliffe. It was bought for £160. in the name of T. Elder, Esq., the Duke's Steward. Muniments^ Petworth Rouse, § The indenture describes it as purchased for this purpose, by Charles, Duke of Somerset, Marquis and Earl of Hertford, "Viscount and Baron Beauchamp de Hatche, Baron Seymour of Trowbridge, Lord of the Honors of Cockermouth and Petworth, Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, Lord High Steward of the City of Chichester, and one of the G-overnors of the Charterhouse, and one of His Majesty's Privy Council, and made over in trust to Matthias Mawson, Lord Bishop of Chichester, Sir Cecil Bishop, of Parham, Sir Thomas Booth, Hutchins Williams, Esq. of Chichester, and the Rectors of Petworth, Tillington, and Northchapel. 84 PETWOETH. took an interest in its completion.* The number of widows was increased to twenty-two in 1818, at a pension of £20. per annum each, and the surplus income, as directed, is divided among other widows as out pensioners. The revenues of this hospital at present amounts to more than £800. per annum. A benefaction to Petworth called "Ay re's Chari- ty," which now produces more than £57. a year, was made June 8th 1673, by Richard Ayre, Gent., who bequeathed a house anciently called the Crown Inn,f and other premises, to be applied by trustees in gifts of money for the poor, and the remainder to be distributed in bread. The value of this charity was formerly but £16. % * His visits to inspect the alterations going on at the Hospital, in a richly carved, gilded, and velvet lined Sedan Chair, carried by- two very tall, muscular men, each nearly 6 ft. 2 in. high, with a running footman carrying a silver topped staff to clear the way ; and two others, who walked one on each side of the window of the chair, with similar silver headed sticks to knock on the head any persons whose curiosity might tempt them to try to get a sight of the ducal occupant, are still traditionally remembered. f This building can be identified by the description given of it in the next note. It has an upstairs room, evidently the chief apartment, when the house was an inn, of which the ceiling is still an interesting object. It has elaborate ornaments in plaster boldly but somewhat roughly executed. Men, women, and various animals are represented in grotesque attitudes, some of the figures are but little injured. On the space above the fireplace, between it and the ceiling is a coat of arms with a shield, having on it a boars head, which also appears elsewhere on the plaster. The crest and supporters are mutilated. J "Mr. Richard Aire gave to the use of the poore of the Parish of Petworth one house which was anciently called ye Crown Inn, near ye church gate, ye corner house on the left hand cowing up from ye market, containing six tenements, stable yard and gardens to ye value of sixteen pounds per annum or more." Petworth Reg. CHAKITIES. 85 Taylor's Charity is a bequest made in 1753 by the Eev. John Taylor, Fellow of St. Mary's College Winchester, of £2400, the interest to be applied by the Rectors of Petworth, Tillington and Duncton, for the education* of ten boys and ten girls. He also left £500, to St. Mary's, Winton College, the interest of half to be paid to two poor Tradesmen of Petworth, and that of the other half to the widows of two poor clergymen, and £50, the interest to be expended in the purchase of Bibles, Prayer Books, and Religious Tracts. In 1816, the Earl of Egremont, built a school for 30 boys, in North Street, which has been recently enlarged by Lord Leconfield, and ground for the purpose of recreation added. The Earl also erected a school for 30 girls, in Church Street, which has since been pulled down and the site thrown into the churchyard. In lieu of this building, Lord Lecon- field purchased the former Independent Chapel in East Street, and at his sole expense converted it into the commodious school, in which the girls are at present instructed. An endowment in the 3 per cent Consols of £1333 „ 6 „ 8, which produces £40 per annum for this school, and a like endowment for that of the boys, were effected by the late Earl. * The master is to instruct "in the grounds of Christianity, reading, writing and arithmetic," and to be allowed for his salary £35 a year. By a codicil (1763) the interest of £800 is added for the clothing of the boys and girls. One child of each sex is apprenticed annually. 86 PETWOKTH. The Infant School near the County Gaol, was also built and endowed in 1862, by Lord Leconfield, the income arising from this investment is about £33 a year. This and the handsome School at Byworth, for girls, are supported by his Lordship, who has followed in the footsteps of his munificent father.* The Alms Houses in the New Eoad, near the new cemetery, founded in 1836, by the Earl of Egremont and endowed with the sum of £3150, were instituted for the benefit oifour aged persons. To each house is attached a good garden. The present trustees are Lord Leconfield, and the Hon. H. Wyndham, M, P.f * In each of the respective parishes, in which he has property, the nohle owner of the Petworth estate expends a considerable amount annually in charities, and among other instances of his Lordship's liberality, one really good work is too apparent to be passed over in silence, — the numerous commodious cottages which have been erected in Petworth and its vicinity are a boon to their occupiers, in point of health and comfort, not easily attainable elsewhere, and serve as a model for landowners. Their moral, sanitary and elevating influence, can scarcely be over estimated. f There are several smaller charities for the poor of early date. Henry Pylfolde by will dated "vij of Julie 1565" devised that the owner of Westlands "shall paye out of the same unto the use of the parish of Petworth xiijs. iiijd., by the year for ever, to be demand-; ed and collected and gathered by the collectours for the poor of the Parishe aforesaid. ,, John Avenell, by will July 28. 1681, de- vised thus "I give to the poore of Petworth three pounds a year for ever, out of my farm called Westlands and other my freehold Lands and Tenements lying in the parish of Petworth, to be paid upon the feast day of Saint Thomas the Apostle" #c. &c. Under the will of Henry Smith, in 1627, usually called Dog Smith, (pro? bably from having been led by a dog), a rent charge of £5 a year is payable for the poor of Petworth out of lands in Hartfield. And more recently an endowment producing £4 „ 1 „ 4 per annum, to be distributed in bread, was made by Peter Luttman, Esq,, an old inhabitant of the town. Also, a native of this parish, Mr. Daniel Lee, of Bath, who died April 8. 1849 aged 97, bequeathed £700 on trust to the Rector and Churchwardens of Petworth, and their OLD HOUSES. 87 There are several houses in various parts of the town which deserve the attention of the archaeologist, particularly the old residence of the Dawtrey family, described by Leland as the "house longing to them in Petworth by the chirch." This is a large build- ing, of stone, forming two sides of a square; one side facing the church, the other in Lombard Street. It is gabled, the points of the gables being orna- mented with balls, and has long mullioned windows, some of which are in their original state.* Allusion has been made to the Dawtreysf in the account of St. Thomas's Chapel, and the tombs and brasses to successors for the time being "that they shall for ever hereafter, twice in each and every year, pay and divide the annual dividends of the said sum equally unto and amongst three of the oldest and most deserving poor, either men or women, who shall be parish- ioners of Strood and Byworth, within the said parish of Petworth, and members of the Established Church. * An engraving of it is given in Dr. Turner's paper on Pet- worth. S. A. C. xiv. t The pedigree of Dawtrey is fully deduced by Dallaway, 332. William son of Joceline de Alta Ripa, is supposed to have been the founder of Heringham or Hardham Priory. Edmund Dawtrey of Petworth, sheriff in 1527, became possessed of Moore by mar- riage with Isabel niece of John Wood, Treasurer of England, temp. [Richard III. Edmund Dawtrey, his son, grandson, and great- grandson, were successively sheriffs of Sussex from 1492 to 1566. When Leland visited Petworth in the reign of Henry VIII. it seems that he was a guest of Sir Henry Dawtrey, and received from him some curious information relating to property here. "Dawterey told me" he says "that there were 3 women or sisters that had the divi- sion of the landes of the Honor of Petworth, and that they were thus maried to Percye, Dawterey, and Aske. So that hereupon I gather that al these 3 cam oute of the northe countre. Percy, Dawterey, & Aske, give the myllepykes (fusils) but with difference yn the felde. The first partition hath not continued in al the aforesaid 3 names holy ; but hath bene disperkelid. Yet some likelihod is, that seeing that so much remained a late yn Percie hand, that Dawterey and Aske had never like partes, to have been but as beneficiarii (mesne 88 PETWORTH. them there. "The chiefest house of these Dawtereis," the same antiquary observes "is in Petworth paroche, caullid the More, half a mile from Petworth toune."* The crescent, a badge of the Percies, t appears as an ornament on the exterior of some of the older houses e. g. at Norman Place, in East Street, and occasionally in the interior. The gable end at the back of the house belonging to A. Daintrey, Esq., which is timber framed, the spaces between the timbers being filled up with herring-bone brickwork, is of the early Elizabethan jstyle. The ceiling of the principal room is beauti- fully wrought in stucco with festoons of flowers, terminating in a central wreath. Newgrove was the property of an ancient family called de Aula or Atte Hall, established there before the reign of Henry VI. John Hall possessed it in 1625, his daughter Mary married William Peachey lords to "Percy. Dikes, whos landes now be devolvid to Mr. Goring, and other gentilmen thereabout, were beneficiarii to the Honor of Petworth. Dawtery, the knight, that dwellid in Hampton Town, was brother to old Mr. Dawtery, now living at Petworth; and this Dawtrey of Hampton landes cam al by purchase." Itinerary vi. 17, # The mansion of Moore was built round a court with an arched gateway in the centre. It was in great part taken down in 1763, and the remainder converted into a farm house. In 1786 it was sold to the Earl of Egremont by the Bishop of Llandaffto whom it had been bequeathed. It contains a spacious apartment, having a ribbed stuccoed ceiling, with the family crest, a unicorn passant argent, displayed at the points where the ribs intersect. The walls are oak panelled. Over the fire place is the Dawtrey escutcheon of arms with the date 1580. f "The crescents of Percy occur in the abbey of Sallay." Notes to Tongas Heraldic Visitation of Yorkshire. 89. It is visi- ble on the Earl of Northumberland's chair engraved at p. 21. .INN SIGNS. 89 and afterwards Henry Bulstrode, who began the present house. Sir Henry Peachey when created a Baronet in 1736, was styled of Newgrove.* Strange names were attached to property in old Petworth, such as Bywimbles near the Church, Horsberries in the East Street, and a spot which rejoiced in the appellation of Buttermongers.f The place now called Darner's Bridge was then named Sowter Ditch, and a building in the Market Place was termed the Roundabout House, from its Rotun- do-like appearance.^ * The late Earl of Egremont purchased it in 1773 of Lord Selsey, second son of Sir H. Peachey. f A rate made 168f , which is preserved in the Parish Chest, supplies a few additional appellations. Names of Persons. — Henry Dammer ; Robert Ffoord ; John Eede of Craweli ; Jeffery Dawtrey, House and Land, 5d. Henry Gatton, Haseleingbourn Mill and Cowtersole Mill, 1/4. Dr. Price for ye parsonage and Grleeb Land, 10/10. W. Peachey, Esq. for the Lyth ; Widow Sadler for the blew Lyon ; Matt. Taylor for Limbo, lid. Mr. Penington for the George, 5d. Richard Nye for Jno. Avenell's Farm, 1/. Ss/ March ye eleventh 168J wee alow of this Tax Robert Palmer. John Lickfold, Ralph Mills. Churchwarden, John Apsley. his mark I Mathew Taylor, Churchwarden. J As the Archaeology of Inn Signs shews that some are of religious origin, others heraldic, or have reference to distinguished persons, pastimes or trades. The local historian usually gleans some knowledge from considering them. In an assessment, made in the reign of Queen Anne, the following signs occur : The White Hart ; The Swan ; The Half Moon ; The George ; The Bull ; The Coach ; The Brick and Mould ; The Plow, at Shopham Bridge. There have been in Petworth two signs of the White Hart, and the Little White Hart; The White Antelope, often confounded with the White Hart of Richard II., and the Silver Swan were the badges of John of Gaunt and furnish many of the Inn Si^ns of West 90 PETWORTH. The progress which the town has now made, compared with the barbarisms of the age just past can with difficulty be conceived. It is not easy tQ realize the fact that within the last century the bait- ing of bulls was a common occurrence, on the very spot on which the Market House now stands. Bulls were tied to the stake in the Market Place and there lacerated morsibus scevis canum, in the open area, and I have been informed by an old inhabitant, that he remembered the circumstance on one occasion, of a bull breaking loose and charging the ring, to the no small disconcertment of the surrounding throng. It was a custom to burn a candle at the butcher's stall where the flesh of the bull was sold, after the cruel sport had terminated. Throwing at cocks on Shrove Tuesday was another brutal practice no less demoralizing These birds are said to have been trained to avoid the staff thrown at them, by adroitly jumping or flying away. If struck so that the legs were broken, or if the poor biped was stunned, and did not recover before a Sussex. The Half Moon or Crescent may be traced back to the crusades ; but as a badge of the Percies there is a reason for meeting with it at Petworth. The Angel is a sign which not unfrequently occurs elsewere. The Crown, Sun, & Ship, names of old Petworth Inns speak for themselves. Of Red Lions there have been two, and also a Blue Lion, the latter near one of the Lodges of Petworth House : as the Lion azure was borne by the Percies, this is easily accounted for : this Inn was afterwards called the Brown Colt. A house near the Reservoir had the sign of the Fighting Cocks, and the Inn in the Market Place, now the Star, was called the Bull, both having reference to barbarous sports above alluded to. FULLER'S VALE. 91 certain time, it became the property of the striker. This debasing pastime was carried on at the corner of the road, which leads to Tillingtom* The cruel and irrational sports of a bygone age have now been succeeded by cricket, and rifle prac- tice, manly and beneficial recreations, in keeping with the spirit of our times. The butts are to be seen in constant and signifi- cant use, and it is curious to note the words of Fuller, in his account of Sussex, 200 years ago. "For my Vale to this countryf I desire to be their remembrancer of the councell which William Earl of Arundle gave to his son Henry Fitzallen, viz. Never to trust to their neighbours the French. Indeed for the present they are at amity with us ; but foreign friendship is ticklish, temporary and lasteth no longer than it is advantaged with mutuall interest." The truth of this observation appears from the fact that several wars between France and England ; one of more than twenty years duration, have since ensued. That the patriotism of Petworth was tested just before Waterloo, is sufficiently shewn * Although bull and bear bailing were witnessed with satis- faction by ladies in the reigns of Mary and Elizabeth ; and still later a municipal enactment existed that in all towns and cities, no butcher should be allowed to kill a bull until it had been baited, yet that such cruelties should have been so recently tolerated, is now a source of wonder. Bull baiting has not been extinct here more than sixty years. It was abolished by the late Earl of Egre* mont. Cock throwing was even longer practised. f Worthies, 114. 92 PETWOETH. by a handbill posted in the Market Place, at that time, a copy of which I have seen. It contained pressing invitations to enlist and concluded with a couplet full of confidence, if not poetical, "Ye Sussex lads, your courage shew, The French dogs for to overthrow." The Yeomanry cavalry who were accustomed to exercise in Petworth Park have not been disembodi- ed more than five and twenty years, and the very existence of the 6th Sussex Volunteers, whose num- bers are imposing, marksmen excellent, and band successful in musical contest, implies that with an Anglo-French alliance, generally popular, and which it is to be hoped may long continue, war is at least, a contingency provided for : while freedom from strife with our Gallic neighbours, during half a century has given to our cities and towns opportunities for progress, denied to the last generation, which cannot be embraced too thankfully. The modern improvements in Petworth must be noticed but briefly.* The irregularity of arrange- ment which characterizes the townf has been already * Some of its Streets may still be uneven, unpaved, and un- watered. The clock on the Market House, at a standstill, may yet deceive the unwary rustic, who looks intently at it, and then sets his watch by it, but it cannot be denied that many improvements have been effected in the town itself, the approaches greatly amended, and better drained, and the lighting and watching ameliorated. t Cynical critics may call Petworth ugly ; but without being guilty of maudlin sentimentality, those to whom it has afforded a dulce domum in their childhood may love it still ; if for no better reason than that which leads the mother to think her plain child TOWN HALL. 93 adverted to, but this is a feature which is becoming less apparent; while by the metaphysical law of asso- ciation, its very nooks and corners serve to imprint it more indelibly on the memories of those who have quitted it for remote counties or for distant lands. The area in the centre of the town now called the Market Place* was so termed in the reign of Charles I. The Market House or Town Hall, built of stone was however erected by the late Earl of Egremont in 1793. It is adorned at one end with a bust of William III. In the Court Eoomf the handsome, — because she looks on it as hers, she regards ifc as her own. But even dispassionately considered, few will deny that it is in some respects unique, and pleasant and healthful in no ordinary degree. * A small weekly market, has long been held here. As Pet- worth is situated in a district purely agricultural, its prosperity necessarily depends in some degree, on the improved cultivation of the soil in its vicinity, and much success in this respect has been achieved. Young speaks admiringly of what had been done in his time. "The greatest improvement that I know undertaken in this county, has been effected at the Stag Park at Petworth, some years ago by the Earl of Egremont. Previously to its being improved, it was an entire forest scene, overspread with bushes, furze, some timber, and rubbish of no kind of use, if we except a few miserable, and ragged young stock, which it annually reared, and would not have let for more than 4s., or at most, 5s., an acre. The under- taking of converting between 700 and 800 aeres of land was an exertion to be expected only from an animated and enlightened improver. Every part has been drained in the most effectual man- ner, and the whole of it enclosed and divided into proper fields. Few tracts of 20s. or 30s. per acre can be said to be more produc- tive. Extraordinary fine crops of wheat and oats are raised. It is thoroughly well stocked. The whole is a garden.' ' Agriculture of Sussex, p. 188. The wonderful advancement which has since taken place on the Petworth Estate, where every improvement in the science and practice of agriculture is at once adopted, is too appa- rent to need further mention. t Petworth has not been without its facilities for self-culture. 94 PETWOBTH. Epiphany and Easter Quarter Sessions, for the Western Division of the county are held, by suf- ferance ; as well as the fortnightly Petty Sessions of the magistrates, and the County Court. The lower portion has been lately converted by the liberality of Lord Leconfield, — at his sole expense, into rooms, for purposes of mental recreation and improvement. These are now occupied by a Sub- scription Reading Society, and a Working Man's Institute, to the banishment of the stocks and whipping post, formerly to be seen there, inter- rorem, and occasionally made use of. Dallaway in his Preliminary History has given a long and interesting account of Petworth Prison up to 1819. In 1782 it consisted of two miserable apartments, t subsequently replaced by a structure on the Howard plan. This has been superseded during the last few years by what may now be con- The Literary and Scientific Institution was once prosperous, nor does its decease imply its failure. It did its work in its day, — an honorable epitaph on a society, as the like would be on an in- dividual. A Mutual Improvement Society succeeded. In the room of these, the existing Institutions have followed, each in accordance with prevailing opinions, and all calculated for advancement, intellectual and moral. For Lectures in connection with the re- spective objects of these Societies, the use of the Town Hall has always been freely granted. t Howard's statements shew that the discipline of Prisons was then lax, the stipends paid to the functionaries attached to them inadequate, and the treatment of those incarcerated most wretched. At the old prison at Petworth it was customary for the inmates to put out a leather bag, with a label on it, "Pray remem- ber the poor prisoners." HOWARDS REPORT. 95 sidered a model Gaol. The contrast is remarkable. Howard the Philanthropist deservedly of European celebrity, who died at Kherson, (1790) while en- gaged in his work of mercy, visited Petworth Bride- well in 1774 and 1776 and made the following report — "Petworth. This Bridewell has two rooms, one 17ft. by 10ft. full 6ft. high, the other 18ft. by 9ft. 6ft. high, too small for the general number of prisoners. No chimney, no yard, no water, no em- ployment. Allowance, a penny loaf a day. This I found to weigh seven ounces and a half. Keeper's salary, lately augmented from £12 to £20. Fees 6s. 8d. No Table. The Keeper told me in September 1774, that all his prisoners were, upon discharge, much weakened by the close confinement and small allowances. In 1774, September 28th, 4 prisoners. In 1776, February 23rd, 8 prisoners." Insufficient nutriment and want of ventilation tell rapidly upon health, as is well known ; but on com* paring dates, the facts which Howard next adduces are truly appalling. "Thomas Draper and William Godfrey were committed the 6th January 1776; the former died the 11th, the other on the 26th of the same month. William Cox committed the 13th of January, died the 23rd. None of them had the Gaol Fever. I do not affirm that these men were famished to death : it was extreme cold weather. However since that time 9(5 PETWORTH, the allowance of bread is doubled. For this the pri- soners are indebted to the kind attention of the Duke of Richmond." In 1782 the magistrates determined on thorough- ly remedying this deplorable state of things and erecting a suitable building. A new House of Cor- rection was accordingly commenced, on a site pre- sented by the Earl of Egremont, from designs by J. Wyatt, Esq., in 1785, and completed in 1788.* Alterations adapting it for carrying out the principle * Many regulations were then drawn up, among which are the following. 4. — That the Governor and Turnkey take especial care that the prisoners are kept separate, night and day, and that they perform such work as may be allotted them, in their respective cells, and that they, upon no pretence whatever permit them to have any communication one with another. That every person in health attend divine service, and be put into the airing yard, for at least the space of one hour every day ; and that no two prisoners be aired together unless the number should make it absolutely necessary. That each prisoner before he is aired, sweeps and cleans his room and washes his hands and face. 6. — That there be also provided for every felon and other prisoner (except vagrants) com- mitted for punishment, a coat, a waistcoat, a pair of breeches, two shirts, two pair of stockings, one pair of shoes, one hat, one woollen night cap. The clothing to be made of the cheapest and darkest colored woollens, without plaits or pockets, with different colored sleeves, 7. — That the women be likewise clothed with garments of the same colour and materials proper for women. 8. — That when a felon or other prisoner is first received into the prison, the surgeon shall examine the state of his health, and such as are committed for felony or punishment shall then be stripped naked, washed with warm water, and have his head shaved (when deemed necessary by the G-overnor), and all his clothes baked in the oven, and laid by, to be returned when he leaves the prison. 9. — That each prisoner be allowed two pounds of bread a day, 10. — That no other liquor be allowed to the prisoners than water (except in case of sickness) and that no person be considered sick, that is not ordered to the infirmary by the surgeon. THE GAOL. 97 of solitary confinement,* were made in 1816, and a system of employment was subsequently adopted. Within the last few years extensive improvements have been effected in Petworth Gaol, which on the abandonment of the Gaol at Horsham in 1843, has now become the Gaol for the Western Division of the County, while the gyves, fetters, leg irons, ring- bolts, &c, made use of in the last century are only to be seen as relics of the past, all the modern ap- pliances of prison discipline are at present in use, and although cruelty has been banished, the punish- ment which criminals now undergo is much more salutary and effective than it has ever previously been. In 1792 the Arun Canal from Stopham to Mid- hurst was constructed, which proved of benefit to the town. In 1836 it was supplied with gas, and it has now been connected with London by railway and telegraphic communication. The unusual beauty of the scenery on all sides of Petworth will conse- quently become more generally known and appre- * Independently of its present efficient state as a place of pun- ishment for wrong doers, Petworth Prison is remarkable as origin- ating the "separate or isolated system of confinement," now adopt- ed throughout the civilized world. Under his Grace the Duke of [Richmond, W. Mitford, Esq., Walter Smyth, Esq., and other magistrates of West Sussex, it was here first instituted in 1788, as appears from the Rules above cited. Two or three other English Gaols followed the example, with modifications ; it was speedily transplanted to Philadelphia and has been finally adopted as the basis of all modem penal discipline. 98 PETWORTH. ciated * The prospect tower on the hill in the Park, and the Gohanna Lodge usually known as "Gog and Magog/ 5 have been built on heights from which most glorious views may often be obtained. In the town itself new erections spring up : old ones are restored. No one who has annually visited Petworth during the last few years can fail to have observed signs of an increased vitality, — signs of advancement. With places as with individuals, "There is a tide which taken at the turn leads on to fortune." But this only with God's help and with God's bless- ing* A review of the history of this town presents no evidence of decline, but on the contrary assures us that it has steadily improved, Very different is its condition now from what it was when Edward VI. rode into it, scarcely knowing where to find sustenance for his train, or when Charles, King of Spain groped his way hither by torchlight, or even when Dr. Johnson in his friend Metcalfe's carriage, visited it in 1782.f May this retrospect of its for- tunes make us more hopeful of its future, remember- * Horsfield, who received these lines from an unknown author has cited them as "certainly, applicable to the place." ii. 179. "Disdaining rules that human art bestows, Petworth' s proud scene in native grandeur glows. Far as th' horizon leads the wandering eye, The cloud capp'd hills the boundary supply. Here stately groves arise in form sublime ; Here sportive "Nature wantons in her prime." t BoswelTs Johnson, v. 38. CONCLUSION. 99 ing always that as the steam within an engine is the motive power which propels it onwards on its jour- ney, so the men and women in a town directing their energies aright are the real source of its pro- gress, relying first on God's aid and next on them- selves. It is related of a body of Swiss Guards, at the court of a King of France, that on hearing a Swiss air played, all evinced great emotion, and some were so strongly moved that even death was the result. Nearly akin to this love of our country is the feeling of local attachment which influences almost every one. Around our native place many happy associa- tions cling. In after life friendships formed at school, or at a university; companionship in work and iden- tity of interest, may also exercise an enduring power; but they never obliterate the scenes of our earlier years. The collection and verification of these his- torical facts have consequently been to the writer a labour of love, yet he believes that he has not been unduly influenced by this circumstance. He is glad however that the task has fallen to his lot. There are few events connected with the ancient city of Chichester which are not well known ; the history and antiquities of Arundel have been minute- ly described; but those of Petworth have never hitherto been published in a separate book. Chi- chester Cathedral, Aiundel Castle, and Petworth LrfC. 100 PETWORTfi. House were the only three buildings which Fuller noticed in his account of Sussex two centuries ago. None possess more interest now. As this sketch was originally a lecture, brevity has been studied through- out, or it might easily have attained a much larger size. Petworth has been long connected with the line of the Percies, distinguished in arms, and their noble and munificent descendants. Its Rectors have been eminent. Many whose good actions are their best memorials, sleep near it, their course completed and their labor done. May their example nerve us to combat indolence, selfishness, and vice. As the writer has always the most pleasant reminiscences of Petworth ; as those who have dwelt here and those who now inhabit it are dear to him, in conclusion he would express a sincere wish, — May Petworth prosper ; and in its social, moral, and religious con- dition may it continue to make progress. 101 APPENDIX. A. {Page 21) hotspur's sword. The formidable weapon, represented in the engraving, is in a state of good preservation. On the blade, immediately below the hilt, is incised the date 1392. The chair by which it is supported is also in Petworth House. It belonged to one of the Earls of Northumberland and is elaborately carved and gilded. It has on the back, a crescent (silvered), the badge of the Percies, surmount- ed by an Earl's coronet. B. (Page 25) hotspur's letters. Sir H. Nicolas, who seems not to to have been aware that the sword of this renowned warrior is still in the possession of his descendants, observes of these letters that "they derive great interest from being the only relics of Hotspur which are known to be preserved." The conclusion of one of them is here given in the original, as confirmatory of some of the statements made respect- ing him, and as a specimen of his ordinary correspondence. — "Voillez remembrer coment pluisors foitz jay poursue a vous pour payment dez soldeours du Koi en la ville de Berewyk et sur lestmarche Dengleterre les quellez sont en si graunt povertee quils ne purront porter nendurier defaute du payment. Et pour ceo vous supplie dordener qils purront estre paiez en manere come fuist taille entre le Tresorer et moy a notre darrein entre parlance si meinour payment ne purray avoir quar autrement moy covient venir devers vous pour le dit payment tontz antres chosez lessez Reverentz piers en Dieux et treshonorez seigneurs autres ne vous say escrier a present mez jeo prie le seint E spirit que vous mayn- teigne en tont honour et joy solonc votrez desires. Escrit a Car- narvon le iij e jour de Maij. (1401). HENE' PERCY Gardein de lestmarche Dengleterre vers Escoce. 102 APPENDIX. C. THE DUDLEY EMBEOIDEEY. Among the many objects of interest in Pet worth House, is an exquisite piece of embroidery, notice of which has been omitted. It was designed to commemorate the union of the houses of Grey and Dudley by the marriage in 1553 of Lady Jane Gtrej with Lord Guilford Dudley, who were soon so tragically parted. It is intri- cately worked with flowers, having the Dudley crest in the centre, and shields around it, setting forth the armorial bearings of the two noble families, down to the time of the nuptials. It is said to have been wrought by the fair hands of Lady Jane Grey herself, and on examination appears to be a very beautiful example of the needlework of the period. D. {Page 32) TO TAKE HECTOE'S CLOAK, "When Thomas Piercy Earl of Northumberland, Anno 1569 was routed in the rebellion which he raised against Queen Eliza- beth, he hid himself in the house of one Hector Armestrong of Harlaw (Northumberland), having confidence he would be true to him, who notwithstanding for money betrayed him to the Eegent of Scotland, It was observed that Hector, being before a rich man, fell poor of a sudden, and so hated generally that he never durst go abroad, insomuch that the proverb, To take Hector's Cloak, is continued to this day among them, when they would express a man that betrayeth his friend, who trusted in him." Fuller, Worthies, 303. E. (Page 34) HAEIOT. The papers of this eminent astronomer and explorer who is styled by Camden Mathematicus insignis, still remain at Petworth House. By permission of the late Earl of Egremont, they were examined by Professor Rigaud of Oxford, who has published from them in the Appendix to Bradley's Works (Oxford, 1832) the APPENDIX. 103 valuable observations of Hariot on Halley's comet in 1607. The first discovery of the spots on the sun is contended for by Galileo, Scheiner and Hariot, and is a point still undetermined. This accurate astronomer observed them in England in December 1610, soon after his introduction to the 9th Earl of Northumberland who from his scientific pursuits was spoken of as "Henry the Wizard." "The Earl," says Wood, "finding him to be a gentleman of an affable and peaceable nature and well read in the obscure parts of learning allowed him a yearly pension of £120." Hughes, Warner and Hariot were called the Earls three Magi. Hariot' s earlier career was a remarkable one. Born and educated at Oxford, he became mathematical preceptor to Sir W. Kaleigh, who in 1585 sent him over to Virginia on the first attempt to colonize that region. He has published an account of it under the title of "A brief and true "Report of the Newfoundland of Virginia" which is extant in Hakluyt's Voyages. He there gives an interest- ing narrative of his intercourse with the natives and their admira- tion of the mathematical instruments, glasses, clocks, guns and books used by the English. Speaking of a plant named Openawk, he describes it as "having the roots round, and hanging together as if fixed on ropes, and good for food, either boiled, or roasted" We now call this vegetable the potatoe. The colonists were reduced to great distress, and Hariot and his companions were carried back to England by Sir E. Drake. According to Camden these were the persons who introduced to this country another plant, at present extensively used. He says, "These men who were thus brought bach were the first, that Ilcnow of, that brought into England that Indian plant which they call Tabacca or Nicotia or Tobacco, It may however be mentioned that whether the Erench navigator, Jaques Cartier had introduced tobacco to Europe or not, he was acquainted with the mode of using it as early as 1535, for he writes thus of the Indians, "they put it into one of the ends of a comet or pipe and laying a cole of fire upon it, at the other ende sucJce so long that they fill their bodies full of smoJce, till that it commeth out of their mouth and nostrils, even as out of the Tonnell of a chimney" On his return Hariot indulged his love of scientific 104 APPENDIX. pursuits. His Artis Analytic® Praxis, printed after his death was dedicated to his patron the Earl of Northumberland. Dr. Zach, astronomer to the duke of Saxe Gotha, who searched the Petworth MSS. in 1784, has shewn that Descartes, without acknowledgement has, taken some of Harlot' s improvements in Algebra and stated them as his own. Hariot has been accused by Wood, on insufficient grounds, of a tendency to Deism ; but this has since been refuted. His own works shew that he was animated by a missionary spirit, truly practical, for he tells us, that to the people of Virginia wher- ever he came "he explained to them the contents of the Bible" and that in consequence the natives desired to be present at the public worship of the English, and to be prayed for by them in sickness." He died in London, 1621. Hakluyt. Cayley's Life of Ralegh JBiog. Brit. F. (Page 42) DEEE. The large and well conditioned herds of deer which roam through Petworth Park, add to its other attractive features. They average about 600. The deer at which the Lords of Petworth and the first Earls of Northumberland here drew bow were doubtless of the species, Cervus Mephus, — the Stag or Eed Deer ; such as those hunted in the north, when "to drive the deere with hound and home Erie Perci took his way." These which we now see, to the excellence of whose venison few will demur, and whose fawns fall to the rifle, belong to that of the Fallow Deer or Buck.— C. Dama. But one other kind of deer is indigenous to this island, the pretty little Roebuck, C. Capreolus, now rarely to be seen in England, and almost confined to the Scottish Highlands, probably few naturalists are aware that it still exists at Petworth. In the enclosure anciently called the Stag Park, adjoining the Home Park, there is a considerable number of these beautiful creatures. One requires a quick eye however to get a glance at them, they lurk among the brake and underwood and disappear instantaneously at the sight of a human being. APPENDIX. 105 (Page 68) A LENTEN DISPENSATION. Memoranda That this first day of March Ano. Dm. 16 . . I Alexander Bownd, Doctor of Divinitie and Minister of ye Parish Church of Petworth in the Countie of Sussex, knowing that Mr. Thomas Payne ye elder of my pish, hath bynne, and nowe ys verye ill and sick, soe that there is litel hope of his recoverye, and that eating of ffish would shortenne his dayes, therefore I doe by these presents soe far as power ys gyven to me by any statute or Laws of England to ye sed Mr. Payne to eat fleashe this Lent, as uppon any ffish dayes out of Lent. In witnesse whereof I have hereunto sett mye hand. Dated ye day and year above sayd. MS. in Pet" worth Parish Chest, H. (Page 69) DISPUTATION IN PETWORTH CHUECH. Another instance of the violent proceedings at Petworth, in Puritan times, may be gathered from a controversy which was conducted in Petworth Church itself, between Dr. Cox, Precentor of Chichester and Fisher an Antipsedobaptist, as appears from an inscription to the memory of the former. Guil. Cox, S. T. P. Ecclesice Cathedralis Stx Trinitatis Cicestrensis Dignissimus Pro¢or Qui in arenam descendens contra Tfisherum Anti- pcedobaptistarum pugilem in JEclesia Parochiali de Petworth in hoc Com. Anno salutis MDCLIV > cert amine memories digno, strennus athleta ac gloriosus evasit victor. The above occurs on a brass, in Tillington Church. For a copy of which I am indebted to the kindness of the Eev. E. Eidsdale, Eector of Tillington and Prebendary of Chichester. In his "Sufferings of the Clergy" p. 27, "Walker mentions that Cox was barbarously used by his opponents and was imprisoned in Lord Petre's house at Alder sgate. Le Neve erroneously give 1631 as the date of his death. The statement on the brass is as follows. "Obiit circa XV Febru. Anno JZrce Chris- tian^MDCLVIW 106 APPENDIX. I. (Page 70) price's "mystery and method." "Mystery and Method of His Majesty's happy Restauration, laid open to public view by John Price, D. D. one of the late Duke of Albemarle's Chaplains, and privy to all the secret passages and particularities of that Glorious Eevolution. London, printed for James Vade at tie Cock and Sugar loaf, near St. Dunstan's Church in Fleet Street, 1680." I append some extracts from this curious work, by one of the Rectors of Petworth, which gives a vivid impression of the troubles of his time. As a personal narra- tive it is unusually interesting. Price was at Coldstream with Monk, whilst that general's army lay there, and he tells us that they were both suspected of Royalist tendencies. "Oliver Crom- well" he says "wrote to Monk not long before his death, and in the letter was this drolling expression, Tis said there is a cunning fellow in Scotland called George Monk, who lies in wait there to serve Charles Stuart, pray use your diligence to take him and send Mm up to me" p. 12. Monk's lady and Price endeavoured in vain to urge that prudent commander to precipitate measures. He once said to the latter "I can be undone by none but you and my wife" and after the defeat of Sir G. Booth's attempt, he observed that had he not been more circumspect, "they would, home brought Ms head to the block." When the General's and her own work, and the day's work were done" he tells us "Mrs. Monk used to come into the Dining room with her treason gown on (as I called it) telling him that when she had that gown on he should allow her liberty to say anything... Sometimes the general would make hard faces on hearing her and oft address himself to me, as if I were to moderate at the act, to whom I oft returned, Sir, she speaks such unhappy truths that you nor I cannot gainsay them. I cannot forget his usual answer, True Mr. Price (he would say) but I have learned the Proverb that he who follows Truth too close upon the heels, will one time or other have his brains kicked out, p. 14. The following is an instance of the intentions of some of the Puritans, and of the stand which Monk made against fanaticism. On the occasion of a thanksgiving APPENDIX. 107 for Lambert's victory over Booth, "a very intricate question of con- science ivasput before Dinner, whether he could be a godly man who grayed the same grayer twice. Some were for the negative; but others said they durst not be so peremptory, at dinner the madness continued and the joy increased insomuch that in their jollity they (the officersj fell to scoffing at the name of priest, nay and even the Presbyterian would no longer d,own with him for a Gospel Minister. At last one Captain Poole of Collonel Fairfax's Regiment spake (his mouth being open) that there could never be a quiet and lasting settlement in these nations so long as there was a parish priest or a Steeple House left, upon which extravagancy of thanksgiving recreations, the general in an unexpected indignation rose from his chair and spoke to the amazement of all. Fair and softly (says he) Captain Poole, if you and your party once come to pluck there I will pluck uith you. Whereupon there was a sudden damp ; they were but soldiers before their general, and were silent, and thus concluded the mirth and the thanksgiving dinner, p. 28. "At Coldstream our first entertain- ment was suitable to the name (he tells us); no sutlers being yet come to us and no shambles to be liad...on our return we found butchers and sutlers; but the sutlers (useful men) had got a small barn to themselves, another there was (but not at all so good) that served indifferently for a cowstalk and a chappell. p. 67. Dr. Price's book is the more valuable as it appears to be a kind of diary. When Monk entered England, Price was with him at St. Albans where he witnessed some of the extravagancies of the Puritan preachers of which he thus speaks, "Here we spent one day extraordinary at the church, the famous Hugh Peters, Mr. Lee of Hatfield and another carrying on the work of the day, which was a fast, Peters superero- gated. As for Ms Sermon he managed with some dexterity at first (allowing the cantings of Ms expressions). His text was Ps. 107, v. 7. "He led them forth by the right way 8fc" With his fingers on the cushion he measured the right way from the Bed Sea, through the wilderness to Canaan, told us it was not 40 days march, but God led Israel 40 years through the wilderness before they came hither, yet this was still the Lord's right way who led Ms people crinkledom cum crankledom % „(Qj. \>j a circuitous route). Thus my little re- 108 APPENDIX. marques of him and the Fast were at an end, p. 86. At this time Price observes "The Ministers of the Church of England were gener- ally contented with the exercise of their Religion in private houses ; though even there also they were disturbed by soldiers or constables ivho used to hale them from their very communion tables, upon the more solemn festivals of their despised Church, rending their sur- plices, where any toere used and tearing their Mass books (for that was the name by which the crafty statesmen and the more jugling Gospeller taught the indiscerning multitude to call the English Liturgy) into pieces, p. 118. In the dedication, which is to the Earl of Bath, Dr. Price narrates his interview with Charles II. on his return, and adds " The King after he had vouchsafed me the honor to Jciss his hand was pleased to tell me that he well un- derstood the service I had done him, and commanded me to make application to him as oft as I desired his favor" This book was published after Price had been sometime Rector of Petworth, and would appear to have been written and revised here. K. EXTEACTS EEOM PETWOETH CHTTECHWAEDEN'S ACCOUNTS. 1592. Layde out. for a Booke of Articles iiiji. for a communion table vs. \id. for a bell rope iis. ivd. 1593. for our charges and ye Sydesmen's at ye visitation iiis. yd, to James Baker for stooles for ye communion table iiijc?. for sope for washing ye surplus id. 1594. for mending ye claper of ye great bell iid. paide to ye Constable for relief of souldyers ... iiijs. iiijc?. 1595. for halfe a hyde of whit lether to make hanging for ye bell clappers 3s. 4& for oyle for ye clocke id. toward ye reliefe of maymed souldiers 8s. 8d. to Mr. Wilson for wryting ye bill of Christenings and Burials xiid. for washing ye surplus and sope i«« APPENDIX. 109 1596. layd out at Midhurst for ye charge and ye visita-* tion and ye sydesmen 3*. 2d. Item for mending ye graves in ye churche 3*. Item for mending ye steeple windowe and for timber ...... 4s. 10d. Item for boordes for ye same iiis. Item for nayles 8d. In 1650 the following entry occurs which shews that the Church plate was then in the keeping of the Puritans ; this they probably never restored, since, in 1666, Dr. King gave to the par^ ish "a Tankard, a plate for Offertory and plate for ye Bread" "Delivered to ye next Churchwardens by Aaron Smith in Church with all ye books plat and ornaments belonging to ye Church. A pulpet cloth of velvat. A wroth (wrought?) coshen and a carpet of velvat and (diaper) comounion cloth. On Puter bason. On present pot of puter. In Mr. George Barnard's hands on silver coup and cover, In Kichard Barton's hands a silver coup and a silver ewer given by Mr. Mosse, in his hand also to puter flagins. In Henry Sandom's hand a silver cover of a coup and gilded. A Church Bible (no Prayer BooJc mentioned, we observe) and to register books. Fuells (?) works and a deske to lay them on. 6 lethern bockets. Toe laders on of them new. Toe Bears (sic) to cary y e dead. A Dish of puter for bread. To chests on of of them wth 3 loks. To dishes to colect mony. To iron hooks and a wheelbarrow." To this is added in Cheynell's handwriting. Aprill 19. 1652. this account was presented Sum To tall of Keceipts 173£ vijs. 3d. Sum of Disbursment s . 145£ 10s. vid. Bemanent in ye hands of the overseers Jeffry ) * « .. „ , -. , Goodyer and John Neale § 27h 16s ' lld ' This acoount is not yet approved by ye parish. 110 APPENDIX. OBJECTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTEREST IN THE VlCINIT? OF PETWORTH. Most of the undermentioned parishes are adjacent, "BARLAYINGKTOiN*. The small church consists of a nave and chancel* It has a rude hagioscope, and some slight traces of mural ornamentation. BIG-NOR. The remains of the Roman "Villa at Bignor, sup- posed to be of the age of Titus, are not more than 6 miles distant from Petworth. As they afford one of the most perfect specimens of Roman art and splendour yet found in England, and are in a state of good preservation, they have been much visited, and are still shewn by the family of the discoverer, who in 1811 struck up fragments of mosaic pavement while ploughing. The villa was built at the station Ad decimum, the 10th milestone from Regnum (Chichester) and was of unusual dimensions. The buildings have been traced to an extent of about 600 ft. in length to about 350 ft. in breadth. The household apartments stood round an inner court, which was nearly a rectangular parallelogram. There are three pirncipal rooms. The largest was probably the triclinium or great banqueting hall. The tesserae of which the pavements are composed are dark brown, red, yellow, white, ash color, blue and black. In the smaller of the two circular compartments are represented Ganymede and the eagle, well executed. The larger has six hexagonal divisions, in which are figures (not entire) of dancing nymphs ; in the centre is a cistern of stone. The second pavement west of this, displays a remarkable head, which has by the side of it a leafless branch and is supposed to represent Winter; one of the four seasons, figured at the corners. The third pave- ment is even more interesting. It exhibits combats of Cupids or genii habited as gladiators. Betiarii with net, trident, and short APPENDIX. Ill sword. Secutores with shield, greave for the left leg, and crested helmet, and Rudiarii or veterans, holding a rod and regulating the combat. Four different scenes are represented. In one the gladia- tors are preparing for the fight. In another they are engaged in it. In the third the retiarius is wounded as appears by the bloody sword of his antagonist, and the rudiarius is coming to his aid. In the last he has fallen and is disarmed. The north end of this pave- ment has a female head ornamented with a chaplet of flowers, and surrounded by a nimbus of light blue color. There are also remains of a bath, a hypocaust, and a cryptoporticus which surrounded the whole court, in the west part of which appears a head of Medusa. The pavement discovered at Avenches in Switzerland, in 1708, very closely resembles this at Bignor. At Bignor Park is preserved a gold ring found near the villa. It is of exquisite workmanship, chased and set with an intaglio, representing a warrior holding a buckler before him. The old house called Bignor Park was built in 1632. Charlotte Smith, the novelist and poetess resided here, the present mansion was erected by J. Hawkins, Esq., in 1828. The park itself was enclosed from the great forest of Arundel, temp. Henry III. for the purpose of fattening deer, to supply venison for salting for the winter. The Kev. E. Turner has given an interesting account of a poaching affray here in 1524 in which the Prior of Hardham was concerned. S. A. C. XI. 112. The long lancets of the Chancel of Bignor Church should be noticed. BURTON. The diminutive church, one of the smallest in England, was partly rebuilt by an injunction of the Archbishop of Canterbury in 1626. It contains several altar tombs, inlaid with brasses, to the memory of members of the knightly family of Groring. Burton House, their ancient residence, was in the best Elizabethan style. It was twice partly burned down and has been superseded by a new building in which a portion of the old mansion is pre- served. The fine park, magnificent ponds and pretty cascade render Burton well worth a visit. 112 APPENDIX. DUNCTON. In 1815 the remains of a hypocaust were dis* covered here 140 yards, north east from the Church (an engraving of it is given hy Dallaway, II. 279.) It appears to have belonged to a Roman military bath, such as were placed near great roads for the use of soldiers on the march. The building stood exactly north and south. On the south was a room paved with tiles in which the flue was heated. Fragments of painted stuoco ocourred. Since the discovery nothing has been preserved. The benefice, anciently one of the chapels of ease of Petworth, is now rectorial. John Rayfolde (1552) wills u my body Sfc. before the image of our Lady in the body of the Church of Dtmcton" FITTLEWORTH. The church consists of a chancel, nave and north aisle. Portions of it are Early English and Decorated. The most ancient building in this parish is a farm house called Lee or Leigh of the the XVth century. KIRDFORD. The church chiefly Early English has a lofty tower. The chapel of Plaistow in this parish, was probably erected for the convenience of the Archbishop of Canterbury's tenant at Plaistow Place, now a farm house, containing some vestiges of the ancient mansion, particularly a ceiling. Shillinglee was one of the parks belonging to the Earls of Arundel, The house was built early in the last century ; large additions were made to it by the first Earl Winterton. It is surrounded by beautiful forest scenery. LTJRGrASHALL. The church has a nave, and modern chan- cel. On the south side of the nave is an open cloister of timber frame, furnished with benches for the accomodation of distant parishioners who brought their refection with them. On the south is also a large tower with a timber spire. The family of Yaldwyn have long possessed property here. In a sequestered spot under the shelter of Blackdown, which rises to an elevation of 800ft. nestles Black- down House (locally in Lods worth parish.) It has on it the date 1640. William Yaldwyn was appointed commissioner of the forfeit- ed estates in Sussex by Oliver Cromwell, the letters patent to this effect commence thus. "Oliver Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England fyc. To all persons to whom these presents shall come APPENDIX. 113 greeting, whereas we have committed to William Yaldwyn the younger our county of Sussex Sfc" NORTH CHAPEL, — was formerly a constituent part of Petworth parish. Henry Barkeley of Petworth 1546, made this bequest — Item, I will to the chappel of St. John called North' chappel fyc." The church has been much enlarged and improved. STOPHAM. The residence of one of the most ancient families in Sussex. The family of Bartelott is said to have come over with William the Conqueror and settled at a place called La Ford in this parish, Stopham House, formerly Elizabethan, was rebuilt in 1787. The church contains relics of colored glass removed from the old mansion. The pavement is almost entirely composed of marble slabs inlaid with brasses and memorials to the Bartelotts, forming a complete series, Stopham Bridge, of seven arches, was erected in 1309. (2 Edward II.) SUTTON. The church consists of a nave and chancel, north transept and south aisle, with a south porch. Hussey speaks of the arches between the nave and aisle as Tr. Norman or Early English. It has a fine western tower. The chancel, which is good Decorated, is now in process of restoration. The beautiful east window is rich Decorated, there are in it two escutcheons of arms. I. Perci and Louvaine quarterly. II. A lion rampant, De Albini. A small quantity of fine colored glass remains in the chancel windows, St. Luke is typified by a winged bull. Fragments of Boman pottery have occured in this parish, which adjoins that of Bignor. TILLINGTON. The church has portions in the Decorated style. It consists of a chancel, and a nave and south aisle separ- ated by a low arcade, the pillars of which have capitals of the XlVth century. The light and lofty tower, finished with flying arches, crossed in the centre, was constructed in 1807, at the sole expence of the Earl of Egremont. John Young, Bishop of Calio- polis, once performed mass in Tillington church, in pontificalibus, having a mitre and staff, and was on this account afterwards 114 APPENDIX. obliged to make concession to Robert Sherburne, Bishop of Chi- chester. That there was also, anciently, a place of worship in this parish, in the manor of River, scarcely admits of doubt, as a stone coffin was dug up, in the premises at River farm, and fields there are still named, — the Chapel Field, the Lady Field, the Soul Field and Chantry Field. Pitts' Hill, the seat of W. T. Mitford, Esq., descended from the Mitford' s of Mitford Castle, Northum- berland, the present M. P. for Midhurst, was erected in 1794 on a site originally selected for its singular beauty. WOOLAYING-TON. John Ball of Woolavington, 28th July, 1519, wills thus Ho the high altar of St. Peter, Woolavington, 12d." The old church has been beautifully restored. A new church was also erected at Westlavington (1850), this is dedicated to "St. Mary Magdalene" Lavington Park was formerly one of the ten annexed to Arundel Castle. Lavington House, originally Elizabethan, has been superseded by a mansion erected by J. Sargent, Esq., the friend of Hayley, and author of several poems, — The Mine, Mary Queen of Scots, &c. It is now the country seat of the Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Oxford ; the Lavington Estate having passed to that eloquent and popular prelate. From the observatory erected by his Lordship, on the summit of the hill above, some of the most extensive and magnificent prospects in the county may be obtained. PBItfTED AND PUBLISHED BY A. J, BEXANT, PETWOBTH, ERRATA. Page 12, Line 20, after himself dele the comma. In the second note for Huntington read Huntingdon. 19, Last line but two, after that dele the. 49, Line 5 of note, for manmocks read mammocks. 51, Line 2 } for immediatly read immediately. 80, Line 4 of note, for Claudia read Claudius. 84, Line 6, for amounts read amount. 94, Line 11, for interrorem read in terrorem. MAY 7 1902