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A LETTER OF 
 
 WILLIAM BRADFORD AND 
 
 ISAAC ALLERTON, 1623 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 R. G. MARSDEN 
 
 REPRINTED FROM THE 
 
 gimencan §ii^t0rial §mm 
 
 Vol. Vlli No. 2 January 190? 
 
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f Kc|irinlril I mill Till- Ami KUAN I lis'iiiuic Al Kl \ liw, Ndl, \ 111.. Nu. 2, Jiin., Iijoj. ) 
 
 /. A Letter of Williaiii Bradford and Isaac Allcrton, 162J. 
 
 The following letter is amongst a mass of unarranged and un- 
 calendarod papers in the Public Record Office in London, which 
 were sent to that office from the Registry of the High Court of 
 Admiralty. Its appearance in so unexpected a quarter is explained 
 below. The original has been followed as closely as it is possible 
 to follow in print a written letter. One or two contractions have 
 been extended ; the punctuation has been altered in one or two 
 places ; and the letters " v" and " u " have been interchanged ac- 
 cording to modern usage. 
 
 The Little Jatncs went out in 1623 with supplies for the Ply- 
 mouth colony. On her return to England in 1624 she was sued in 
 the High Court of Admiralty by Stevens and Fell, two of her crew, 
 for their wages. The defense was that they had forfeited their 
 wages by their mutinous conduct ; and, in the result, the claim was 
 dismissed. The cause of discontent appears to have been that the 
 Little /alius had a commission to capture ships, and that a French 
 bank fisherman, who might have been captured on the outward 
 voyage, was allowed to escape ; and, further, that after the ship 
 arrived in New England she was ordered by Bradford to go upon a 
 fishing voyage, which the crew objected to, alleging that they had 
 been hired for a privateering and not for a fishing voyage. Brad- 
 ford's letter given below was produced as evidence for the defense 
 in the suit of Stevens and Fell c. The IJttle James. It is through- 
 out in the handwriting of William Bradford — the writing of the 
 well-known "Log" of the Mayflower. It has no address, but the 
 context shows that it was sent to the adventurers in London. 
 Annexed to it are two other letters, one from Emmanuel Altham, 
 the captain or commander of the Little Jatncs, the other from John 
 Bridg (or Bridge), her master. Both of these are addressed to 
 James Sherley, the treasurer of the adventurers in Lontlon. The 
 address of the former is almost illegible ; it appears to be as follows, 
 but the words marked (?) are doubtful : 
 
 "To the Worshipfull (?) and my most respected loving kind 
 friend M'' Jeames Sherle Treasurer for the New Plimoth adventurers 
 dwellinge on London bridg at the Golden hoospyte (?)." 
 
 294 
 
295 DociDuctits 
 
 V 
 
 Bridge's letter, written from " Plemoth in New England" is 
 dated 2^7th Sep., 1623, and is addressed : 
 
 " To his aproved frend M' Jeames Sherlcy at liis house in 
 Croked Lane in London." 
 
 The Little James belonged to the adventurers, and upon her 
 return to England she was taken possession of by Thomas Fletcher 
 and Thomas GofTe under a decree of the Admiralty Court in pay- 
 ment of a debt of ^250. 
 
 R. G. Marsden. 
 
 2 da' 
 
 Beloved and kind freinds We have received your letters both by the .\nne 
 and the James, which are botk safly arived here, thanks be to God, the 
 Anne about the later end of July, and the James a fourthnight after, and 
 by them a large and liberall suply, for which togeather with your loving 
 and honest leters we give you harty thanks, being very sorie to hear of 
 your losses and crosses, and how you have been turmoyled therabout. 
 If God had seen it good we should have been right glad it had come 
 sooner, both for our good and your jirofite ; for we have both been in a 
 langwishing state ; and also faine to ]nit away our furrs at a small vallew 
 to help us to smne necessaries, without which notwithstanding we should 
 have done full ill, yea indeed could not have subsisted ; so as we have little 
 or nothing to send you, for which we are not a litle sorie ; but if you 
 knew how necessarily we were constrained too it, and how unwillingly 
 we did it, we suppose you cannot at all blame us for it ; we put away as 
 much at one time and other of bevaras, if they had been savid togeather 
 and sould at the best hand, would have yeelded y or -j,- loo- pounds; 
 and yet those are nothing to those we have lost for want of means to 
 geather them when the time was, which I fear will scarce ever be againe, 
 seeing the Duch on one side and the french on the other side and the 
 fishermen and other plantations betweene both have, and doe furnish the 
 savages, not with toyes and trifles, but with good and substantial cmod- 
 ities,^ as ketkes, hatchets, and clothes of all sorts ; yea the french doe 
 store them with biskay shalopes fited both with sails and ores, with which 
 they can either row or saile as well as we ; as also with peices powder 
 and shot for fowling and other servises; (we are informed that ther are 
 at this present a • 100 • men with ■ S • shalops coming from the eastward, 
 to robe and spoyle their neighbours westwards) ; also 1 know upon my 
 owne knowledg many of the endeans to be as well furnished with good 
 ketkles, both strong and of a large size, as many farmers in england ; yet 
 notwithstand we shall not nectlect to use the best means we can with the 
 pinnas and means we now have, both for trading or any other imploy- 
 ment the best we can for both your and our advantage ; but we are sorie 
 that shee is maned with so rude a crew of sailors ; we ho|)c the maister is 
 
 ' Secuntla. This wonl in the maigiii of ilic original indicates that a duplicale was 
 sent by another ship. 
 ' Sic. 
 
 d 
 
 iSU. 
 
 ajl 
 
A Letter of William Bradford a>id /saac Allerton 296 
 
 an honest man ; and we find the capten to be a loving and courteous gen- 
 tle-man ; yet they could not both of them rule them, so as we were 
 faine to alter their conditions and agree with them for wages as well as 
 we could ; and this we did not only by the capten, and maisters, together 
 with M' peirces advice, but we saw we were of necessitie constrained 
 thereunto to prevente furder mischefe, which we saw would unavoyd- 
 ably ensew ; for besides the endangering of the ship, they would obey no 
 command, at least without continual! murmuring, aleging that they were 
 cousened and deseaved and should saile and work for nothing, the which 
 they would be hanged rather than they would doe, as also that they would 
 not fish, or doe any such thing ; they said they were filed out for a taker, 
 and were tould that they might take any ship what soever that was not 
 to strong for them, as far as the west endeans, and no other imployment 
 would they follow ; but we doubt not now to have them at a better pass, 
 and hope to raise some benefite by her imploymente ; shee is now 
 to go to the southward ; we have sent to the Indeans, and they promise 
 us we shall have both come and skines ; at her returne we think to 
 send her northward, both to fish and truck, if it please God to bless 
 them. 
 
 We have sent unto you (with these our letters) one of our honest 
 freinds, Edward Winslow by name, who can give you beter and more 
 large Information of the state of all things than we can possiblie doe by 
 our letters ; unto whom we refferr you in all partickulars ; and also we 
 have given him Instrucktion to treat with you of all such things as con- 
 sceirn our publick good and mutuall concord ; expecting his returne by 
 the first fishing shipss. 
 
 We have write to the counsell for an other patente for cape Anne to 
 weet for the westerside of it, which we know to be as good a harbore as 
 any in this land, and is thought to be as good fishing place ; and seeing 
 fishing must be the cheefe, if not the only means to doe us good ; and 
 it is like to be so fite a place, and lyeth so neer us ; we thinke it verie 
 necessarie to use all diligence to. procure it ; and therfore we have now 
 write unto you and the counsell againe about it, least our former letters 
 should not be come, or not delivered, of which we have some suspition ; 
 M'' Weston hath writen for it, and is desirous to get it before us ; and 
 the like doth ISP Thomson ; which is one spetiall motive that hath 
 moved us to send over this messenger fore named ; as allso about that 
 grand patent which we understand you have gott from M' peirce, which 
 if it be as we have it is by M' Thomsons relation, but to goe by a right 
 line from the Gurnatsnose due west into the land a certain way, and noe 
 furder north-ward, it will stripe us of the best part of the bay, which will 
 be most comodious for us, and better then all the rest ; therefore seeing 
 now is the time to helpe these things we thought it were then necessarie 
 to send aboute the former patente for cape Anne ; we desire it may be 
 procured with as am|)le privileges as it may, and not to be simplie con- 
 fined to that place, but in our liberty to take any other, if we like ic 
 better. 
 
297 Documents 
 
 M'peirce' (for ought I hear) hath used our passengers well, and 
 dealt very honestly with us ; but we wanted a perfect bill of lading, 
 to call for ech parcell of our goods, which as you have occation we 
 pray you see toe hereafter, for it is very requisite though you have to 
 deale with honest men. we have agreed with him to lade him back for 
 a ■ 150 • pounds, which you will thinke something much, but we could 
 gett him no cheaper; we did it the rather that he might come directly 
 home, for the furderance of our other aftares ; as also for some other 
 respects necessarie and benefitiall for us ; we have laded him with clap- 
 board,^ the best we could gett, which we hope at the least will quite the 
 cost ; for lengths they are not cut by the advice of the Cooper and pipe- 
 stafmaker which you sent us ; for thicknes they are biger than those 
 which come frome other places, which must accordingly be considered in 
 the prices ; the cooper of the ship saith they are worth ■ 5 • per • 100 • 
 and I here he means to bye some of them of you ; of which I thought 
 good to give you notice. 
 
 We have also sent you that small parcell of furres which we have left, 
 besides those we put away formerly ; if the ship had but come one month 
 sooner, we had sent you a good many more, though since that consjiiracie 
 raised against us by the Indeans, caused by M' Westons people, and that 
 execution we did at the Massachusets, cheefly for the saving of their lives, 
 we have been much endamaged in our trad, for ther wher we had most 
 skins the Indeans are rune away from their habitations, and sett no come, 
 so as we can by no means as yet come to speake with them, we have 
 taken up of M' peirce sundrie provissions, the cheefe wherof is bread, and 
 course cloth, and some other needfuU things withall ; and with them he 
 hath ]jut upon us some other things less necessarie, as beefe etc. which we 
 would not have had if we could have had the other without theni ; fear of 
 want againe before suply coiue to us, as also a litle to encourag our jjeo- 
 plf after ther great dishartening hath made us pressunie to charg you 
 herewith : a bill of the pertickulars we have here sent you ; we hope the 
 /urres will defray it. 
 
 It is for certain that great jirofite is here raised by fishing ; theshipes 
 have this year made great viages, and were a great many of them ; ' and 
 if we could fall once into the right cource about it, and be able to man- 
 age it, it would make good all ; a good fishing place will be a great 
 advantage for it, wher the boats may goe (i.uickly in and out to sea at all 
 times of the tide, and well stoed with fish neer at hand, and convenient 
 places to make it, and build stages in, and then it will not only serve for 
 
 ' Ali'^ut 14. days after came in (his ship, caled the Anne, whereof M' William 
 Peirce was m.', and aboute a weeke or 10. days afier came in the pina.ss which in foule 
 wcailicr thev ost at sea, a fine new vcssell of aboute 44. tune, which the company had 
 built to Slay in the cunlri. Ilnt'iy " of I'limolli Plniilnlioii " (l8q8). 171. 
 
 *This ship was in a shone lime laden with clapboard, by the help of many hands. 
 Also ihey sente in her all the beaver and other furrs ihey had, and M' Winslow was sent 
 »er with her, lo enforme of all things, and procure such things as were thought need- 
 -full for tlieir presenle condition, /in/., 177. 
 
 ' thus, in the original, possibly some words were omitted. 
 
A Letter of William Bradford and Isaac Alter ton 298 
 
 our owne fishing, but after it be known once by ex])erience to be a place 
 well qiiallified for that purpose, benefite will be made of it by granting 
 licence to others to fish ther. But about these things we referr you for 
 furder information to our messenger and M! peirce, who is a man as we 
 perceive very skillful and diligent in his bussines, and a very honest 
 man, whose imployments may doe us much good ; and if you resolve, as 
 we ernisly desire you may, of any course aboute fishing we think he is as 
 fite an Instrument as you can use. 
 
 It would be a principall stay and a comfortable help to the Colonic 
 if they had some catle, in many respects, first it would much encourage 
 them, and be in time a gretter ease both for tillage of ground, and cariag of 
 burden ; 2ly, it will make victuals both more plentiful!, and comfortable ; 
 3!y, it might be a good benefite after some encrease that they might be 
 able to spare some to others that should have thoughts this way ; espetialy 
 goats are very useful for the first, and very fite for this place, for they 
 will here thrive very well, are a hardly creature, and live at no charge, 
 ether wenter or sommer, their increas is great and milke very good, and 
 need little looking toe ; also they are much more easily transported and 
 with less difiiculty and hassard, then other kattle ; yet tow of those which 
 came last dyed by the way, but it was by some neclegence. for kine 
 and other catle it will be best when any comes that it be in the spring, 
 for if they should come against the winter, they would goe near to dye ; 
 the Colonic will never be in good estate till they have some. 
 
 .\s touching making of salte we have by accedente had speech with 
 one of the north cuntrie, who came with M' Reinolds (who put in here), 
 and was his mate ; he had speech with our smith aboute the making of 
 salt pane, he douts he cannot doe it ; also he saith if they goe about it 
 that have no skill they will quickly burne the pans and doe no good, 
 wheras if they be skillfully ordered they may last a long time, he thought 
 wc might have some frorne about new-rastlc that would best fite our 
 tourne for that bussines we pray you provide for us here about as soone 
 as you can, that wc may doe some thing to the purpose. 
 
 M'' Westons colonic is desolvd (as you cannot but hear before this 
 time), they had by their evill and deboyst cariage so exasperated the 
 Indeans against them as they ploted ther overthrow ; and because they 
 knew not how to effecte it for fear we would revenge it upon them, they 
 secretly Instigated other peoples to conspire against us also, thinking to 
 cut of our shalope abroad and then to assalte us with their force at home, 
 but ther conspiracie and trecherie was discovered unto us by iMassacoyte, 
 (the occation and furder relation wherof our messenger can declare unto 
 you at large, to whom we referr you'), we went to reskew the lives of 
 our countric-men, whom we thought (both by nature, and conscience) 
 we were bound to deliver, as also to take vengance of them for their vil- 
 lanie entended and determened against us, which never did them harme, 
 weaiting only for opertunite to execute the same, but by the good provi- 
 dence of god they were taken in their owne snare, and ther wickednes 
 came upon their owne pate ; we kild seven of the cheife of them, and 
 
299 Documents 
 
 the head of one of them stands still on our forte for a terror unto others ; 
 they niett our men in the feild and shoat at them, but thank be to god 
 not a man of them were hurte ; neither could they hurte the Indeans 
 with their peices, they did so shilter them selves behind great trees, only 
 they brake the arm of a notable rogue as he was drawing his bow 'o 
 shoot at capten standish, after which they came away, we gave the 
 capten ordere, if W Westons people would, that he should bring them 
 to us and we would aford them the Ijest secoure we could, or if they 
 chose reather to goe to Monhegin, that then if he tooke any corne from 
 the Indeans, he should let them have to victuMll them thither (which 
 accordingly was done, though ours had scarce enoughe to bring them 
 home againe). yet for ail this, and much more [the]y cannot afford us 
 a good word but reproach us behind our backes. 
 
 Touching our governemenle you are mistaken if you think w^e admite 
 weomen and children to have to doe in the same, for they are excluded, 
 as both reason and nature teacheth they should be ; neither doe we 
 admite any but such as are above the age of ■ 2 1 • years, and they also but 
 only in some weighty maters, when we thinke good ; yet we like well 
 of your course, and advice propounded unto us, and will as soon as we 
 can with convenience bring it into practice, though it should be well it 
 were so ordered in our patent. 
 
 Now wheras you think we have been to credulous in receiving in- 
 sinuations against you, and to rash in complaining and censoring of 
 you ; as allso that to pertickular men letters have been writen not with 
 that descr[e]tion and deliberation which was meet, we answare what 
 others have writen we know not, neither could hinder ; if ther be any 
 thing otherwise then well lett them beare their blame ; only what we 
 have writen we best know, and can answer, and first we wishte you 
 would either roundly suply us, or els wholy forsake us, that we might 
 know what to doe ; this you call a short and peremptorie resolution, 
 be it as it will, we were necesarily occationed by our wants (and the 
 discontents of many) therunto. yet it was never our jjurpose or once 
 came into our minds to enter upon any cource before we knew what you 
 would doe, upon an equall treaty of things, according to our former, as 
 we conceivd, bonds between us. And then if you should have left us we 
 mente not to joyne with any other (as you it should seeme conceived) 
 but thought we could get our selves foode, and for cloathes we Intended 
 to take the best course we could, and so to use the best means we could 
 to subsiste, or otherwise to retume. though Indeed we thinke jf you had 
 left us we might have had others desirous to joyne with us. also you 
 may conceive some of us have had enough to doe to hould things togeather 
 amongst men of so many humors, under so many dificulties, and feares 
 of many kinds ; and if any thing more hath been said or writen to any 
 by us, it hath been only to shew that it might rather be marvilled that 
 we could at all subsist, then that we were in no better case haveing been 
 so long without suplie, and not at all for your disgrace. If necessity or 
 pation have caried others furder, your wisdoms will (I doute not) beare 
 
A Letter of William Bradfoj-d and Isaac Allerton 300 
 
 with it. as for capten standish we leave him to answare tor him selfe ; 
 but this we must say, he is an helpfull an Instrument as any we have, 
 and ascarfuU of the general! good, and doth not well aprove him selfe. 
 
 Indeed freinds it doth us [mucjh good to read your honest letters. 
 we perceive your honest minds, and how squarly you deal in ail things, 
 which giveth us much comforte, and howsoever things have been for time 
 past, we doubt not for time to come but ther shall be that good coras- 
 pondance which is meete. and we shall labore what we can to be answar- 
 able to your kindnes and cost. 
 
 for our freinds in holand we much desired their conipanie, and have 
 longe expected the same ; if we had had them in the stead of some 
 others we are perswaded things would have been better then they are 
 with us, for honest men will ever doe their best endeavoure, whilst others 
 (though they be more able of body) will scarce by any means be brought 
 too ; but we know many of them to be better able, either for laboure or 
 counsell then our selves ; And indeed if they should not come to us, we 
 would not stay [her]e, if we might gaine never so much welith, but we 
 are glad to take knowledge of what you would write touch [ing] them, 
 and like well of your purpose not to make the generall body biggere, 
 save only to furnish them with usefuU members, for spetiall faculties. 
 
 Touching those articles of agreement, we have taken our selves bound 
 by them unto you, and you unto us, being by M' Weston much pressed 
 ther unto, we gave M' Cochman full Commission to conclude and confirme 
 the same with you. for any thing furder ther aboute we referr you to 
 our messenger ; though in any bound made, or to be made between you 
 and us, we take our freinds at Leyden to be comprehended in the same, 
 and as much interese[d] as our selves ; and their conssents to be accord- 
 ingly had ; for though we be come first to this place, yet they are as 
 principalle in the acction and they and we to be considred as one body. 
 
 We found the chirugion in the pinas to be so proude and quarelsome 
 a man, and to use his ternies in that sorte, as the Capten and others durst 
 not goe to sea with him ; being over ready to raise factions and mutanie 
 in the shipe; so as we were constrained to dismise him, and hire M' 
 Rogers in his roome, M' Peirce being willing to releace him, to doe us a 
 favore. he is to have ' 35 ' s ■ per mouth, wherof he desers his wife 
 may have ■ 16 ■ s a month, which we pray you may be accordingly per- 
 formed. 
 
 About Hobkins and his men we are come to this isew. the men we 
 retaine in the generall according to his resignation and equietie of the 
 thinge. and about that recconing of • 20 ' ode pounds, we have brought 
 it to this pass, he is to have • 6 • "• payed by you ther, and the rest to be 
 quite ; it is for nails and shuch other things as we have had of his brother 
 here for the companies use, and upon promise of paymente by us, we 
 desire you will accordingly doe it. 
 
 for the tokens of your love and other the charges you have been at 
 with my selfe befitt ' you many thanks, (and so doe they 
 
 ' A hole in the paper. 
 
30 1 Documents 
 
 likewise) not knowing how to recompence your kindnes. it is more 
 then we have deser\ed at your hands. 
 
 Touching those which came unto us in ther pertickuUir, we have re- 
 ceived them in as kindly maner as we could, according to our abilite, 
 and offered them as favorable termes as we could touching their footing 
 with us. yett they are sundrie of them discouraged I know not whether 
 by the countrie (of which they have no triall) or rather for want of those 
 varietis which England affords, from which they are not yet wayned, 
 and being so delitefuU to nature cannot easily be forgotten without a 
 former grounded r[esolu]tion. but as they were welcome when they 
 came, [so shjall they be when they goe, if they thinke it not for their 
 g[oo]d, though we are most glad of honest mens companie ; and loath 
 to part from the same. 
 
 Thus againe giveing you hartie thanks for your loveing affections and 
 large hands extended unto us, we rest your loving freinds to use, 
 
 VViLLi.AM Bradfokd, Governor 
 Plimoth Isaac Allerton, Assistant 
 
 September 8 
 1623 
 
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