iXPLAtt 
 
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I LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, t 
 
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 t UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. ! 
 
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THE WATIOML CAPITAL 
 
 EXPLAINED AND ILLUSTEAtED. 
 
 y<^ 
 
 CONVENIENT GUIDE 
 
 ALL POINTS OF INTEREST IN THE CITY OF 
 WASHINGTON. 
 
 Masljingtoit, g. C. : 
 PUBLISHED BY DEVLIN & COMPANY. 
 
 1871. 
 
Copies of this book, and also our publication, TJie Metro- 
 polis^ a guide to New-York Cit}', may be obtained gratuitous- 
 ly, by application in person or by letter, at our stores, comer 
 of Broadway and Grand Street, and corner of Broadway and 
 Warren Street, New-York, and No. 1113 Pennsylvania Ave- 
 nue, Washington, D. C. 
 
 DEVLIN & CO. 
 
 Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1871, by 
 
 DEVLIN & COINIPANY, 
 n the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 
 
 S. W. Green, Printer, 16 and 18 Jacob Street, New-York. 
 

 NOTE 
 
 The visitor to any great city is materially assisted in his 
 efforts to see that which is interesting and attractive, as 
 well as enabled to economize time, by the possession of a 
 convenient hand-book that will indicate directly the points 
 of interest, and give in simple form such facts and explana- 
 tions as are essential to the appreciation of any given place 
 or object. In no city of the United States is such a work so 
 necessary as in the National Capital ; and we think the little 
 book here ]3resented meets that want in a practical and re- 
 liable shape. Confident that its merits will commend it to 
 use and favor, and that incidentally thereto our name and 
 business will be favorably presented, we send it forth as 
 "bread upon the waters," and hope for its return in other 
 forms ere many davs. 
 
 DEVLIN & CO. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Asylum foe the Insane, . 
 
 41 
 
 Alms- House, . 
 
 43 
 
 Art, 
 
 
 49 
 
 Aqueduct, 
 
 
 62 
 
 Arlington, 
 
 
 63 
 
 Alexandria, . 
 
 
 64 
 
 Baptist Churches, 
 
 
 56 
 
 Bladexsbukg, 
 
 
 59 
 
 Battle-ground, 
 
 
 60 
 
 Banks and Bankers 
 
 
 53 
 
 Benevolent Institutions, . 
 
 4.3 
 
 Capitol : 
 
 
 Bronze Doors, 
 
 ' 15 
 
 Central Edifice, 
 
 12 
 
 Committee-Rooms of the 
 
 
 House, 
 
 19 
 
 Congressional Library, 
 
 23 
 
 Capitol Police, 
 
 25 
 
 Dome, 
 
 13 
 
 Dimensions, . 
 
 16 
 
 Extensions, . 
 
 13 
 
 Front, 
 
 14 
 
 Grounds, 
 
 16 
 
 Ground Floor, 
 
 24 
 
 Hall of Representatives, . 
 
 18 
 
 Heating and Ventilating, . 
 
 25 
 
 Lobby of the House, 
 
 19 
 
 Lobby of the Senate, 
 
 21 
 
 Old Hall of Representatives, 
 
 22 
 
 President's Room,' . 
 
 20 
 
 Rotunda, 
 
 16 
 
 Stairvv^ays, 
 
 20 
 
 Statue of Liberty, , 
 
 14 
 
 Statuary, , 
 
 14 
 
 Senate-Chamber, 
 
 20 
 
 Senators' Retiring-Room, 
 
 21 
 
 Supreme Court-Room, 
 
 22 
 
 Vice-President's Room, 
 
 21 
 
 Columbia Armory, . 
 
 39 
 
 Columbia Street Railway 
 
 
 Company, 
 
 
 51 
 
 Columbia Hospital, , 
 Columbia Institution for 
 
 PAGE 
 
 44 
 
 THE 
 
 Deaf, Dumb, and Blind, 
 
 Coast Survey Office, 
 
 Cemeteries, 
 
 Congressional Cemetery, 
 
 Churches, 
 
 Congregational Churches, 
 
 Christian Churches, 
 
 City Hall, 
 
 Columbian College, 
 
 Corcoran Art-Gallery, 
 
 District Government, 
 
 Department of State, 
 
 Department of Justice, 
 
 Department of Agriculture, 
 
 District Government Offices, 
 
 Drive to the North, 
 
 Early History, 
 
 Executive Mansion, 
 
 Equestrian Statue of Wash- 
 ington, . . . 
 
 Equestrian Statue of Jack- 
 son, .... 
 
 Episcopal Churches, 
 
 Etiquette, Official, 
 
 Foreign Legations, 
 
 Friends' Meeting-Houses, 
 
 Fortifications, 
 
 Fort Washington, . 
 
 Government Printing-Office, 
 
 Government Buildings, 
 
 Glenwood Cemetery, 
 
 German Evangel. Churches, 
 
 Georgetown College, 
 
 GoNZAGA College, . 
 
 Georgetown, . 
 
 Great Falls, 
 
 Health, 
 
 Hebrew Churches, 
 
 Howard University, 
 
Vlll 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 HO"W" TO MEASURE FOR ShIRTS, 69 
 How TO MEASURE TOR CLOTHING, 71 
 
 Interior Department, 
 Institutions of Learning, 
 La Fatette Square, 
 Leading Hotels, 
 Lutheran Churches, 
 Lincoln Hall, 
 Little Falls, 
 Long Bridge, 
 Medical Museum, 
 Metropolitan Railway Co, 
 Methodist Epis. Churches, 
 Methodist Prot. Churches 
 Methodist Episcopal, 
 
 Churches, 
 Masonic Hall, 
 Military Asylum, 
 Mount Vernon, 
 Military Clothing, 
 Navy Department, 
 Naval Observatory, 
 Navy-Yard, 
 
 New Jerusalem Churches 
 National Theatre, 
 National University, 
 Oak Hill Cemetery, 
 Plan of the City, . 
 Population, 
 Post-Office Department, 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Propagating-Gardens, . 40 
 Public Parks, . . 41 
 
 Presbyterian Churches, . ■ 55 
 Providence Hospital, . 44 
 
 Places of Amusement, . 47 
 Public Schools, . . 49 
 
 E.0MAN Catholic Churches, 56 
 Reform School, . . 43 
 
 Rock Creek Church, . 60 
 
 Residents and Visitors, . 26 
 Smithsonian Institution, . 36 
 Secret and Benevolent Socie- 
 ties, .... 52 
 Street Railways, . . 50 
 
 Special Features, . . 70 
 
 Treasury Department, . 28 
 Unitarian Churches, . 57 
 
 University for the Blind, 48 
 Vicinity of Washington, . 59 
 War Department, . . 30 
 
 Women's Christian Association,44 
 Wall's Opera- House, . 47 
 
 Washington Monument, . SS 
 Washington Arsenal, . 39 
 Washington and Georgetown 
 
 Railroad Company, . 50 
 
 Washington Business College, 48 
 Young Men's Christian Associa- 
 tion, .... 44 
 
EARLY HISTORY. 
 
 The subject of a permanent seat of government was first 
 debated in Congress after the insult offered to tliat body in 
 Philadelphia, in 1783, by a band of mutinous soldiers, who 
 assailed the hall during session, demanding arrearages of pay. 
 A resolution was immediately introduced providing for a 
 change, and the question of the location caused much angry 
 debate ; but after serious deliberation, it was decided, in 
 1790, to locate it on the banks of the Potomac, in its present 
 situation, on the spot advocated by Wasliington. His atten- 
 tion was arrested by the advantages which this location pre- 
 sented for a city, when he was a youthful surveyor of the 
 country in this vicinity, and when, with Braddock's forces, 
 he encamped on the hill now occupied by the Observatory, 
 which was long known as Camp Hill from this circumstance. 
 His earnest desire that the seat of government should be 
 located here doubtless had great influence in securing the 
 decision of Congress. 
 
 The location being decided, the States of Virginia and 
 Maryland ceded to the general government a part of their 
 territory, embracing an area of ten miles square, and includ- 
 ing the cities of Georgetown and Alexandria; adding to 
 the grant a donation of about $170,000 for the improvement 
 of the new capital. 
 
 A commission was appointed by Congress to make pur- 
 chases of land from private individuals, to define the proper 
 boundaries, and to erect the necessary buildings. The com- 
 missioners laid the corner-stone of the District at Jones' 
 Point, near Alexandria, on the 15tli of April, 1791 ; and di- 
 rected that the federal district should be called the Territory 
 
10 THE CAPITAL. 
 
 of Columbia, and the federal city the City of Washington. 
 The fund donated 'by Virginia and Maryland being exhaust- 
 ed, Congress authorized a loan for the continuation of the 
 improvements, under which autliority President Washington 
 received from the State of Maryland a loan of $100,000. In 
 June, 1800, the commissioners reported the necessary biiild- 
 iugs ready for occupancy ; whereupon, the public offices 
 were immediately removed from Philadelphia, and on the 
 third Monday of November following. Congress held its first 
 session in the infant city, and on the 37th day of February, 
 1801, formally assumed jurisdiction over the District of 
 Columbia. As before stated, the District embraced an area of 
 ten miles square, or one hundred square miles ; but in July, 
 1846, Congress ceded back to Virginia the territory originally 
 donated by her, embracing the city and county of Alexandria, 
 thus reducing the area to about sixty square miles. 
 
 PLAN OF THE CITY. 
 
 President Washington, as soon as the location was decided 
 upon, directed Major L' Enfant to lay out a plan for the 
 capital city; but finding him somewhat refractory, appoint- 
 ed Andrew EUicott in his place. 
 
 In laying out the plan of the city, Mr. Ellicott drew a me- 
 ridional line, by astronomical observation, through the area 
 intended for the capital, and upon this basis laid off two 
 sets of streets, intersecting each other at right angles, and 
 distinguished by letters and numbers. The streets running 
 north and south are numbered, and those running east and 
 west are lettered, taking the Capitol as a starting-point. 
 Avenues were then projected, cutting the streets at various 
 angles, and connecting the most prominent and favorable 
 points of the city ; the avenues intersecting each other and 
 forming open spaces at certain points previously determined 
 upon. These avenues are named after, and located to cor- 
 respond with, the position of the different States in the 
 Union, and are from 130 to 160 feet wide ; the streets vary 
 from 90 to 110 feet in width. The city is four and a half 
 miles in length and two and a half in breadth. 
 
THE CAPITAL, 11 
 
 HEALTH. 
 
 Owing to the wide streets and numerous open spaces, as 
 well as to the natural salubrity of the climate, the city and 
 District arc almost entirely exempt from epidemics ; diseases 
 incident to compact and crowded cities are here scarcely 
 known. There are very few deaths from malarious diseases, 
 and the number of these is annually decreasing. A large 
 proportion of the deaths amongst strangers, for Avhich the 
 climate of Washington is sometimes held responsible, is to 
 be attribiited to two causes — the entire change of diet and 
 mode of life, by which the constitution is weakened and 
 lurking disease strengthened, and too frequently the casting 
 away of the moral restraint of home, by which the same re- 
 sult is obtained, and thevictim of unusual dissipation is thus 
 charged to the climate of the seat of government. 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 The population of the District has from year to year 
 largely and steadily increased, until it now numbers 130,000 
 souls. This number is vastly augmented during the sessions 
 of Congress. The war wrought an important and happy 
 change in the character and number of the population, and 
 instead of the degeneracy and ruin prophesied by many, a 
 few years have given evidence of the energy and intelligence 
 of the new citizens, and the city is now rapidl}' increasing 
 in prosperity and importance. 
 
 It is believed in many quarters that the moral tone of the 
 city of Washington is lower than that of the average of our 
 large cities. This is an error oft refuted, so far as the per- 
 manent population is concerned, for it can not be denied 
 that the community is w^ell ordered, and will compare favo- 
 rably with tliat of any other city. There is, however, no 
 need of disguising the fact that much vice flourishes here, 
 especially at those seasons wiien the city is crowded with 
 strangers. Washington is, however, rapidly becoming a 
 social centre to which the fashionable life of the country 
 gravitates in the winter, as it does to the leading watering- 
 places in summer. 
 
12 THE CAPITOL. 
 
 THE DISTKICT GOVERNMENT 
 
 is vested in the Congress of tlie United States. Tliat body 
 originally delegated the eontrol to a board of commissioners, 
 then to a superintendent, then to a mayor appointed by 
 the President. Afterward, under a charter conceived in a 
 more liberal spirit, the government was placed in the hands 
 of the people to a greater extent, and they were allowed to 
 elect their mayor and municipal councils. But this had its 
 disadvantages, and a territorial organization was conceded, 
 by a large, majority, to be better for all interests ; accord- 
 ingly Congress passed an act, in 1870, j)roviding for the 
 change, and in April, 1871, a new government was organized. 
 Its officers consist of a Governor, a Secretary, a Council 
 or Upper Board of the Legislature, a Board of Public Works, 
 and a Board of Health, all appointed by the President for 
 certain terms, and confirmed by the Senate of the United 
 States ; a Delegate to Congress, and a House of Delegates or 
 Lower House of the Legislature, and other officers, who are 
 elected annually by the people. 
 
 THE CAPITOL. 
 
 The first and grandest object of interest to the sight-seer 
 is the Capitol, a magnificent structure, conspicuous on 
 entering the city, and prominent from every section of the 
 neighboring country for many miles around. It is situated 
 in the eastern portion of the city, and stands on the brow 
 of a plateau 90 feet above the level of the low-tide water of 
 the Potomac River. This commanding position was chosen 
 by George Washington, and the corner-stone was laid by him 
 at the south-east corner of 
 
 THE CENTRAL EDIFICE, 
 with appropriate civic, military, and Masonic honors, on 
 Wednesday, September 18th, 1793. This portion of the 
 
THE CAPITOL. 13 
 
 building was made available for the sitting of Congress in 
 November, 1800, and was nearly finished in 1811, when the 
 troubles between Great Britain and our country com- 
 menced. On the 24th of August, 1814, the interior of 
 both wings was destroyed with fire by the British troops, 
 and Congress was therefore compelled to hold its sessions in 
 various other buildings. Having passed an order for the 
 rebuilding of the Capitol, the work was commenced imme- 
 diately, and the original plan completed in 1825, Congress 
 in the mean time having returned to the occupancy of the 
 building. The architecture of this central portion is princi- 
 pally Corinthian ; the Doric style is employed in some por- 
 tions, and several of the columns have original designs for 
 their capitals. The material of which the walls are con- 
 structed is sandstone, quarried on an island in Aqnia Creek, 
 Virginia, that was purchased by the government for this 
 purpose, in 1791, at a cost of $6000. 
 
 THE EXTENSIONS. 
 
 According to an order made by Congress, September 30th, 
 1850, it was provided that the Capitol be extended ; and 
 plans, submitted b}^ Thomas U. Walter, architect, were 
 accepted by President Fillmore June 10th, 1851. The cor- 
 ner-stone was laid in the presence of a vast concourse of 
 people from every section of the country, on the 4th of 
 July, the first day of the seventy-sixth year of the Indepen- 
 dence of the United States, by the President, Daniel Web- 
 ster, then Secretary of State, being the orator of the day. 
 
 The material used in the construction of the walls of the 
 " extensions" is white marble, slightly variegated with blue, 
 which is brought from Lee, Mass. The columns, of pure 
 white marble, are each in one solid block, and were quar- 
 ried at Cockeysville, Md. The architecture is mainly a con- 
 tinuation of the principal style of the central building. 
 
 THE DOME. 
 
 This magnificent fabric, rising over the centre of the 
 whole edifice, was commenced in 185G, and was designed by 
 2 
 
14 THE CAPITOL. 
 
 the arcliitect of the extensions. It occupies the place of 
 the "old dome," a squatty construction of brick, stone, and 
 wood, sheathed with copper, the total height of which, from 
 ground to top, was only 145 feet. The present dome, 
 senii-elllpsoidal in form, is huilt of cast-iron, weighs nearh' 
 4000 tons, and rises to a height of 228 feet from the base- 
 ment floor to the lantern, the latter being 52 feet high and 
 17 feet in diameter. 
 
 THE STATQE OF LIBERTY, 
 
 which surmounts the whole, is of bronze, measures 16 feet G 
 inches higli, and Avas designed by Crawford. 
 
 THE FEONT. 
 
 The building fronts the east, and that part looking 
 toward the western portion of the city is the rear. The 
 three great flights of steps on the front are the entrances 
 respectively to the Senate-Chamber on the north wing, the 
 Rotunda in the centre, and the Hall of Representatives on tlie 
 south wing. Beneath these steps are vaulted carriage-ways 
 and broad entrances to the ground floor. The right and left 
 cheek-blocks of the centre tiiglit of steps are ornamented 
 with 
 
 STATUARY. 
 
 That on the right side (entering) is by Horatio Greenough, 
 and represents the struggles of oui- pioneer settlers. A 
 sturdy backwoodsman is grappling witli a powerful Indian, 
 whose tomahawk had been uplifted to strike the death-blow 
 of the white man's wife and chikl, whose faithful dog- 
 stands by, anxjous to assist his master. In a corresponding- 
 position on the other side of the steps is Persico's sculp- 
 ture, representing the Discovery of America. It describes 
 Columbus holding in his hand a globe, and at his feet an In- 
 dian maiden crouches in fear and astonishment. Just above 
 tlicse, in the tympanum of the pediment, is an allegorical 
 group of three female flgures, in alto-relievo, also b}' Persico, 
 
THE CAFITOL. 15 
 
 typical of the Genius of America. Tlie central lii2;ure is 
 America, who is presented as addressing Hope upon the left, 
 and directing her attention to Justice, who stands at the 
 right, holding the constitution of the United States and the 
 scales. This group is said to have been designed by John 
 Quincy Adams. In the portico, to tlie right and left of th.e 
 door entering into the Rotunda, are Persico's statues of Mai-s 
 and Ceres, and over the door is Canipellano's bass-relief of 
 Fame and Peace crowning a bust of Wasliington with wreaths 
 of laurel. The pediment over the lliglit of steps to tlie 
 northern wing, or Senate entrance, contains a group by 
 Thomas Crawford, indicating the progress of civilization in 
 America. In the centre is a statue of America, and on her 
 right are the figures of the soldier, commerce, youth and edu- 
 cation, the mechanic, and a sheaf of wheat ; on her left are the 
 pioneer, the hunter, the Indian witli his squaw and their 
 child, sitting by a filled grave. A corresponding work of 
 art will ultimately fill a similar place in the front of the 
 southern wing. 
 
 BRONZE DOORS. 
 
 The massive doors (17 feet high, and Aveiglung 20,000 
 pounds) opening from the eastern front into the Rotunda 
 are of pure bronze, and were cast in Munich from designs 
 by Rogers, representing, in bass-relief, interesting periods in 
 the life of Columbus ; beginning with his dei^arture from the 
 convent near Palos, and ending with his death-bed scene. 
 They cost more than $100,000. There are two doors of a , 
 similar material at the eastern entrance to the Senate wing. 
 These were designed by Crawford ; but he died before the 
 work was finished, and they were completed by Rinehart, a 
 Baltimore sculptor. The design is intended to symbolize 
 war and peace by historical events in the life of Waslnngton. 
 They were cast at Chicopee, Massachusetts, and cost about 
 $55,000. Their entire weight is 14,000 pounds. It is satis- 
 factory to know that these doors were designed and executed 
 in this country by Americans. 
 
16 THE CAPITOL. 
 
 THE GROUNDS 
 
 surrounding- the Capitol building embrace an area of about 
 lift}' acres, and are ornamented with a great variety of um- 
 brageous trees, indigenous and foreign, flower-beds, graveled 
 walks, and fountains. A large number of comfortable seats 
 are provided for visitors, and the park is a place of de- 
 lightful resort, especially during the summer season, when 
 on every Wednesday afternoon, by an order of Congress, 
 open-air concerts are given by tlie Marine Band. The statue 
 of Washington, in the park fronting the Capitol, is by 
 Greenough, the granite pedestal of which bears the words, 
 " George Washington : First in war, first in peace, first in the 
 hearts of his countrymen." 
 
 THE DIMENSIONS 
 
 of the Capitol are as follows : the centre building is 353 
 feet 4 in dies long and 121 feet 6 inches deep, with a portico 
 160 feet wide on the east side, and a projection of S3 feet on 
 the west. The corridors connecting tlie north and south 
 wings with the centre building are each 44 feet long and 56 feet 
 8 inches wide. Each wing is 142 feet 8 inches in length, and 
 238 feet 10 inches in depth, exclusive of the porticoes and 
 steps. The entire length of the building is 751 feet 4 inches, 
 and the total depth 324 feet, or 31 feet longer than St. Peter's 
 at Eome, and 175 feet longer than St. Paul's at London. 
 The height from the basement floor to the top of the bronze 
 statue of Liberty on the dome is nearly 300 feet. St. Peter's 
 Cathedral to tlie top of the lantern is 145 feet higher, and 
 St. Paul's is 73 feet higlier. The heiglit of the interior of the 
 dome from the floor of the Rotunda is 180 feet. The inte- 
 rior diameter is 97 feet, and the greatest exterior diameter is 
 135 feet. The ground covered by the Capitol is 153,112 
 square feet, or 652 feet more than 3^ acres. 
 
 THE EOTUNDA 
 
 is the circular room occupying the centre of the building. 
 Its floor is paved witli freestone. Its walls between the pi- 
 lasters rising from tlie floor are decorated with eight large 
 
THE CAPITOL. 17 
 
 historical paintin.^s, 18 by 13 feet each. The oldest of these 
 are the four painted by Colonel John Trumbull, a member 
 of the Continental army, who served on the staff of General 
 Washington. These pictures represent the signing of the 
 Declaration of Independence; the Surrender of Burgoyne at 
 Saratoga; the Surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown ; and the 
 Resignation of Washington as Commander-in-Chief of the 
 Array in 1783. They possess a peculiar interest and value 
 on account of the portraits they contain, the artist having 
 been associated with most of the characters represented. 
 They were ordered by Congress at a cost of $8000 each. 
 The remaining pictures are, the Embarkation of the Pilgrims 
 in the Speedwell at Delft Haven, by Robert W. W^eir ; the 
 Landing of Columbus, by John Vanderlyn ; De Soto discover- 
 ing the Mississippi, by William H. Powell ; and the Baptism 
 of Pocahontas, by John Gadsby Chapman. These paintings 
 cost the government from $10,000 to $20,000 each. Just 
 above them in alternate panels are four carvings in bass-relief, 
 representing the head of Columbus, the discoverer of the 
 new world ; the head of Cabot, the discoverer of the 
 northern continent ; the head of Sir Walter Raleigh, the 
 pioneer settler in America, and La Salle, the explorer of 
 the West. 
 
 Over the four doors of the Rotunda are groups in alto-re- 
 lievo, representing Daniel Boone's conflict with the Indians, 
 b}' Causici ; the Landing of the Pilgrims, by the same ar- 
 tist ; the Rescue of Captain John Smith by Pocahontas, by 
 Campellano ; and Penn's Treaty with the Indians, by Gevelot. 
 Above these are panels which at some future day will doubt- 
 less be ornamented with sculpture, and colonnades sup- 
 porting the great dome, which contracts to a diameter of 
 sixty-five feet, through which may be seen, as if in the 
 clouds, Brumidi's allegorical painting, delineating different 
 subjects connected with the history of America. 
 
 The method of lighting the Rotunda is curious and novel. 
 
 By means of a beautiful apparatus, situated at the door 
 
 opening toward the Senate, a current of electricity is passed 
 
 from burner to burner, until the whole number, 1800 in all, 
 
 2* 
 
18 THE CAPITOL. 
 
 from the lowest to those \\\ the lantern itself, are all ablaze. 
 The time occupied in lio;hting is four minutes. 
 
 Between the inner and outer shells of the dome there are 
 stairs, affording easy access to all its parts ; and at proper in- 
 tervals are galleries and Avindows, where the architectural de- 
 tails of the structure may be examined. The stairs lead finally 
 to the top of the dome ; and the extended vicAV from this 
 point well repays the labor of the ascent. Skirting the west- 
 ern and southern boundaries of the city are the Potomac 
 River and its tributary, the "Eastern Branch." Directly 
 •westward, on the bank of the river, are the Arlington 
 Heights, Munson's Hill, and other places, made memorable 
 by the events of the earlier period of the late war. To the 
 south-west, the city of Alexandria can be plainly seen. 
 Directly south, on the opposite bank of the Eastern Branch, 
 is the Insane Asylum. To the north is the old Soldiers' 
 Home, and in every direction is a magnificent view of the 
 surroimding sceuer}', full of beauty and historic interest. 
 The entrance to the stairway to the dome is in the passage- 
 way on the left, going from the Rotunda to the Senate. 
 
 THE HALL OF EEPRESENTATR^ES 
 
 is 139 feet long, 93 feet wide, and 30 feet high. The gallery, 
 running entirely around the hall, will accommodate 1500 
 persons ; a portion, directly above the Speaker's chair, is set 
 apart exclusivelj' for the press reporters, and immediately 
 adjoining are the seats reserved for the diplomatic corps. 
 The remainder of the gallery is open to the general public, 
 a large portion being resci-ved for ladies. In front of 
 the Speaker's chair, and facing the members, are scats for 
 the clerks of the House, and immediately in front of them 
 sit the official reporters for the government. The ceiling of 
 the hall is of iron, (as is much of the ornamental work about 
 the Avails,) and is supported by trusses from the roof. The 
 stained-glass i)auels in the ceiling each represent the coat of 
 arms of a State. At night the illumination is by gas jets, 
 ignited by electricity, the light shining through these panels. 
 Access to the floor of the House can be obtained by any 
 
THE CAPITOL. 19 
 
 one during the recesses of Congress ; but, during their ses- 
 sions, privileged persons only are admitted. Surrounding 
 tlie hall is a corridor, commonly called 
 
 THE LOBBY. 
 During the sessions of Congress this is continually crowd- 
 ed with the importunate friends of memljers of Congress, 
 sight-seers, employees, and hundreds of others, forming an 
 exciting and interesting scene. 
 
 COMMITTEE-EOOMS. 
 
 Across the lobby are located several rooms for the use of 
 the Speaker, the officers, and several of the committees 
 of the House. The Speaker's room is immediately in the 
 rear of the hall; the ceiling is of iron, richly paint- 
 ed, and the w^alls are highly decorated with mirrors and 
 portraits of nearly all the Speakers vvho have presided over 
 the House. Adjoining this on the right is the room of the 
 Sergeant-at-Arms, on the left an ante-room for the use of 
 visitors, and at the other end of the lobby is the room of 
 the Committee on Appropriations. These are handsomely 
 decorated and furnished. The post-office for the use of the 
 members is across the lobby on the eastern side of the hall, 
 and is very complete and convenient in its arrangements. 
 The rooms of the Committees on Foreign Relations, Public 
 Lands, Territories, Military and Naval Affairs, and Agricul- 
 ture, are all worth a visit, being beautifully frescoed and 
 gilded. In the room of the Committee on Agriculture the 
 painting is particularly attractive. On the arched ceiling are 
 represented the four seasons, and on one wall is a beautiful 
 picture of Cincinnatus, called from the plow to the dicta- 
 torship of Rome, while opposite is a companion painting, 
 representing Israel Putnam, called from the plow to the 
 l)attle-field of Lexington ; on the other two walls are por- 
 traits of Washington and Jefferson, and illustrations of the 
 ancient and modern modes of reaping. 
 
 The large painting at the first landing in the staircase 
 leading to the upper fioor is by Leutze, and is entitled, 
 " Westward the Star of Empire takes its Way." 
 
20 THE CAPITOL, 
 
 STAIRWAYS. 
 
 The grand marble staircases ascending to the gallery and 
 descending to the ground floor, as well as the bronze staircase 
 leading from the private lobby at the rear of the hall to 
 the lower floor, are worthy of critical examination. The 
 former are constructed of beautiful white Italian marble, 
 and equally attractive variegated Tennessee marble highly 
 polished ; the latter is of pure bronze, cast in artistic 
 designs of figures of the eagle, deer, and Cupids, with rich- 
 ly f oUated intertwinings. 
 
 THE SENATE-CHAMBEK, 
 
 located in the centre of the north wing, is of rectangular 
 shape, 113 feet long, 83 wide and 30 high. Its walls and ceil- 
 ing are handsomely frescoed and gilded. The ceiling is al- 
 most entirely of cast-iron, richly moulded, and in the centre 
 is a large sky-light of stained glass, through which the 
 chamber is lighted. The galleries will accommodate one 
 thousand persons. The northern end is reserved for ladies, 
 and the remainder is free to all, witli the exception of that 
 portion immediately over the presiding officer's chair, which 
 is devoted exclusively to reporters for the press, and the sec- 
 tion directly opposite for the sole accommodation of the 
 members of the foreign legations. 
 
 The Senate is presided over by the Vice-President of the 
 United States, or, during his absence, by a senator elected 
 pro tern. Immediately in front of the presiding officer's", 
 chair are the seats of the secretary of the Senate, and en- 
 grossing and enrolling clerks, and in front of these are the 
 desks of the official reporters. Senators and privileged per- 
 sons only are admitted to the floor of the Senate during 
 the sessions, but at other times any one may enter. Across 
 the lobby, at the rear of the Vice-President's chair, is 
 
 THE PRESIDENT'S ROOM, 
 
 which is beautifully frescoed ; on its walls are painted the 
 portraits of the first President and Cabinet; and on the 
 ceihng illustrations of the history of the country. Tliis 
 
THE CAPITOL. 21 
 
 room is for the accommodation of tlie President wlien lie 
 has occasion to visit the Senate, as is necessarj^ at tlie close 
 of every session, to sign the numerous bills hurried through 
 at the last hours of legislation. Next to this room is the 
 
 SENATORS' EETIRING-ROOM, 
 
 The ceiling is of white marble, deeply paneled, supported 
 by highly polished Italian marble columns ; the walls are of 
 Tennessee marble, in which are set large plate-glass mirrors. 
 Adjoining this is 
 
 THE VICE-PRESIDENT'S ROOM, 
 
 richly frescoed and ornamented. On the wall is a large 
 portrait of Washington by Eembrandt Peale. Next to 
 these rooms, on the east, are the reception-room and Senate 
 post-offiee, with gilded and frescoed ceilings and ornamen- 
 tations. The stationer^^-room, and offices of the secretary 
 of the Senate and sergeant-at-arms, with one or two commit- 
 tee-rooms, are on the east and west of the Senate-Cham- 
 ber. The wide corridor, or lobby, which surrounds the 
 Senate-Chamber and separates it from the committee- 
 rooms, is called 
 
 THE SENATE LOBBY. 
 
 The walls are set with niches for statuary, and in one 
 of these on the east side of the Senate, just opposite the 
 staircase leading to the gallery, is an exquisite statue of 
 Franklin, by Powers, while in a similar position on the west 
 side is one of Plancoek, by Stone, both life-size. The stair- 
 cases leading to the galleries are of highly polished Italian 
 marble, and on the walls of the landings large slabs of 
 Tennessee marble are set. At the first landing of the west 
 staircase, the large and beautiful painting, executed by 
 Walker, and entitled, "The Storming of Chapultepee," 
 claims the admiration of the visitor. On the east staircase, 
 in a similar position, is a large painting representing "Gene- 
 ral Scott before the City of Mexico." 
 
 The visitor will jjcrceive that many features of the Senate 
 Chamber and its surroundings ai-e similar to those alreadv 
 
22 THE CAPITOL. 
 
 detailed in the description of tlic Hall of Representatives, 
 and therefore do not need repetition here. 
 
 Throni^h the corridor that leads from the main entrance- 
 door of the Senate-Chamber to theHonse of Representatives, 
 the messages that pass from one of these bodies to the other 
 are carried by the proper officer ; and it is also the principal 
 thoroughfare connecting the two wings. On the eastern 
 side of this corridor, about half-way between the Senate- 
 Chamber and the Rotunda, is 
 
 THE SUPREME COURT-EOOM, 
 
 semi-circular in form, seventy-five feet long, fort.y-flve feet 
 high. The Ionic columns supporting the gallery at the rear 
 are of Potomac marble. This room was formerly the Senate 
 Chamber of the United States ; and here, as in the old Plall 
 of Representatives, cluster memories of palmy days and im- 
 portant debates conducted by the greatest minds of the na- 
 tion. Now the solemn and almost oppressive deliberations 
 and proceedings during court-days settle down upon the 
 visitor with weighty importance. The judges of the court 
 are attired in black silk gowns, the Chief -Justice presiding 
 in the centre, and on either side the Associate Justices. 
 Opposite the Supreme Court room, across the corridor, is the 
 Court of Claims room. On the other side of the Rotunda, 
 between that and the House of Representatives, are several 
 objects of interest. The principal one of these is 
 
 THE OLD HALL OF REPRESENTATIVES, 
 
 semi-circular in form, ninety-five feet long, and sLxty feet 
 high, and full of interesting associations. Up to the time of 
 the completion of the new hall, the sessions of the House 
 of Representatives were held here ; and its walls have re- 
 sounded with the eloquence of our great men of the past. 
 John Quincy Adams was stricken with death here, and died 
 before he could be removed from the building. 
 
 The twenty-four massive Corinthian columns which support 
 the entablature are of variegated Potomac marble, and cost 
 $8000 each. A colossal statue of Liberty, modeled in plaster 
 
THE CAPITOL. 23 
 
 by Causici, stands over one entrance ; and beneath it is the 
 American eagle, modeled from life, and cut in sandstone by 
 Valaperti. Over the door is a clock having for its dial the 
 wheels of a winged car resting on a globe ; and in the car is 
 a tigure representing History holding in her hand a scroll and 
 a pen. The above are all interesting relics, having been 
 placed in their positions years ago when Congress held its 
 sessions here. By a resolution passed by Congress, since 
 its removal to its new accommodations, tliis hall has been 
 set apart as a receptacle for statuary and similar works of 
 art ; and already several contributions have been made. 
 
 In and about the short corridor, between the Kotunda and 
 the old hall, there are several ol^jeets of some interest. . On 
 the north side of the circuitous passage-way is the stationery- 
 ]-()om, from which all the stationery used by the members of 
 tlie House is issued. On the south side, in a dimly-lighted 
 apartment, tlie post-office was located when the Representa- 
 tives sat in the old hall; and in the adjacent rooms tliou- 
 sands of public documents are stored. At the foot o-f tlic 
 narrow stairs, on the north side of the corridor, is a speci- 
 men of a new order of architecture which was attempted a 
 few years since. 
 
 One of the most delightful and interesting places in the 
 building is 
 
 THE CONGRESSIONAL LIBEARY, 
 located in the western projection of the centre building. 
 
 The Librai-y has suffered greatly from tire, having been en- 
 tirely destroyed by the British in 1814, and losing 40,000 
 volumes by an accidental tire in the winter of 1851. To 
 guard against the recurrence of sucli calamities, tlie present 
 rooms, when reconstructed, were built entirely of iron, the 
 main room being completed in 1853 and the wings in 1867. 
 Tlie volumes in the Library now number nearly 200,000, the 
 collection having been lately increased by the addition 
 of the library of Peter Force, ex-mayor of Washington, 
 wliose labors for many years had secured the most valuable 
 collection of l)ooks on state affairs in tlie country. Tlie 
 number of books is being constantly increased in accordance 
 
24 THE CAPITOL. 
 
 with a law lately passed by Congress, which provides that 
 the first copy of every book published in the United States 
 shall be deposited here, and at such deposit a certificate is 
 furnished, and the book becomes copy-righted. The provi- 
 sions of this law alone "vvill add several thousand volumes 
 yearly. The volumes are all catalogued and arranged by 
 subjects, so that any volume can be found in a moment. 
 Although any one is allowed to examine the books, none 
 are permitted to be taken away except by the President of 
 the United States, the Vice-President, members of the Se- 
 nate and House of Representatives, judges of the Supreme 
 Court, cabinet officers, the diplomatic corps, Secretary of 
 the Senate, Clerk of the House of Representatives, and 
 agent of the Joint Committee on the Library. 
 
 The Document Libraries are situated in incommodious 
 rooms in out-of-the-way corners of the building, and con- 
 tain nearly 100,000 volumes of documents, laws, reports, de- 
 bates, etc. ; they are accessible to members of Congress and 
 persons introduced by them. 
 
 Underneath the Supreme Court room is the Law Libra- 
 ry, containing nearly 20,000 law volumes, the choicest col- 
 lection in America. It is particularly rich in works upon 
 the civil, maritime, and commercial law. 
 
 The Library of the House of Representatives is in a room 
 in the gallery over the House, and contains all the Congres- 
 sional records, a large number of law-books, and other pub- 
 lications useful to members of Congress in debate. It is 
 exclusively for the use of members. 
 
 THE GROUND FLOOR. 
 
 Standing at the north or south entrance door on the 
 ground floor one can look down the corridor the whole 
 length of the building, and see, at the other end, the op- 
 posite entrance door, nearly 800 feet distant. Under the Se- 
 nate-Chamber the walls of the corridor are exquisitely orna- 
 mented in fresco and distemper, illustrating by these beau- 
 tiful paintings the natural history of America. Tlie floors 
 are laid with encaustic tiles of elaborate pattern, and from 
 
THE CAPITOL, 25 
 
 the ceilings beautiful gilded chandeliers are suspended. 
 Some of the committee-rooms on this floor are exquisite. 
 One of the rooms is painted after the style of the Loggia of 
 Kaphael, and another after the Pompeiian style. The thirty 
 monolithic fluted columns of white marble supporting the 
 cast-iron paneled ceiling of the corridor, are worthy of at- 
 tention with their capitals of foliated tobacco-leaves and 
 buds. A room on this floor in either wing is by special per- 
 mission of Congress used as a restaurant, and during the 
 sessions a caterer dispenses necessary edibles at fair prices. 
 By another special resolution intoxicating liquors are for- 
 bidden in the building. The rooms of the Court of Claims, 
 Congressional folding-rooms, and the rooms of the National 
 Campaign Committees are located on this floor near the 
 centre of the building. The Crypt is the funereal-looking 
 portion of the structure immediately under and supporting 
 the Rotunda. Away down in the depths of the building, not 
 an uninteresting sight is 
 
 THE HEATING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS 
 
 under each wing. The machinery is very complete, and kept 
 in beautiful condition. Dui-ing the cold weather, heated air 
 is forced up the flues into every part of the building by im- 
 mense revolving fans ; during the warm season, cold air is 
 sent up ; thus at all times an even temperature is obtained, 
 and the atmosphere rendered pure and wholesome. 
 
 The bath-rooms for the use of Senators and Members are 
 in the basement, and are very complete in their appoint- 
 ments, and liberally patronized. 
 
 THE CAPITOL POLICE 
 
 are ever ready to extend civilities to strangers in showing 
 them about the building. They are readily distinguished by 
 their uniform and badge. 
 3 
 
\' NEWYOR K / 
 
 RESIDENTS AND VISITORS IN WASHINGTON 
 
 Will always find at our s'.ore, 
 
 No, 1 11,3 Pennsylvania Avenue^ 
 
 a complete representation of our 
 
 NEW-YORK PIECE OOODS STOCK, 
 which embraces, at all times, the 
 
 Cream of the Domestic and Foreign Markets in 
 Fabrics for Gentlemen's "Wear. 
 
 By this means orders can be given, and promptly filled, for gar- 
 ments to be made in the well-known and superior style of our 
 New-York houses. 
 
 GENTLEMEN'S FURNISHING GOODS 
 
 Arc also a leadins; feature of our Washington business, of which 
 we have always on'hand a complete stock,' comprising the 
 
 Noveltie's of Neck Gear, 
 
 A large variety of 
 
 Under-Wear, Gloves, Handkerchiefs, 
 Suspenders, 
 And our justly popular and celebrated 
 
 AMERICAN YOKE SHIRT, 
 uf which we are the sole manufacturers. 
 
 DEVLI^eS^ CO., 
 
 New-lTork and Wasbiugton. 
 
GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS. 27 
 
 GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS. 
 
 THE EXECUTIVE MANSION 
 
 faces Pennsylvania avenue, one and a half miles west of the' 
 Capitol. The building was commenced in 1792 ; was modeled 
 after the palace of the Duke of Leinster ; is 170 feet front and 
 86 deep, and is built of freestone, painted white. During the 
 war with Great Britain it was destroyed with fire, by British 
 troops, in 1814, and James Madison, who was then Presi- 
 dent, was compelled to fly with his family for safety. The 
 East-room, wliich is used as the grand reception-room, is 
 located in the eastern end of the building, and is 80 feet 
 long, 40 wide, and 20 high. The Green-room, Red-room, 
 and Blue-room, connecting with eacli other, and opening to 
 the west from the East-room, are also used on certain public 
 occasions, and receive their peculiar names from the color 
 of the walls and furniture. The western end is used for the 
 President's private family; and leading out from this end is 
 the conservatory, containing a great variety of rare plants 
 in almost constant bloom. On the second floor, at the eas- 
 tern end, are located the public offices of the President and 
 his private secretaries. The grounds around the building- 
 are neatly kept, and during the favorable seasons present a 
 beautiful appearance. Concerts, by the Marine Band, arc 
 given in the grounds south of the mansion every Saturday 
 afternoon during the summer months, and always attract a 
 gay and fashionable assemblage. In the grounds north of 
 the building there stands a bronze statue of Jefferson, the 
 gift of Captain Levy, United States Navy, presented to, but 
 never officially received by, the government. Public recep- 
 tions are usually given by the President semi-monthly, dur- 
 ing the later winter months, in the evening, and also upon 
 every New Year's day. Interviews can be had for public 
 business usually between the hours of 11 and 1 upon every 
 day of the week, except the two cabinet-days, when he is 
 closeted with the cabinet for consultation. The public, 
 however, while they may remember that the President is 
 
28 GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS. 
 
 supposed to be the "servant of the people," and that a por- 
 tion of his time may be devoted to receiving tlie congratula- 
 tions and general hand-shalvings of the " sovereigns," should 
 not forget that his time is very precious, and that their inter- 
 views, unless upon important business, and at his request, 
 should not be prolonged beyond two or three minutes. 
 Opposite the east side of the Executive Mansion is the 
 
 TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The appearance of this building, from the outside, is at 
 once appropriate and pleasing, and its harmonious architec- 
 ture, massiveness, and surroundings, especially wlicn viewed 
 on the west side, are extremely imposing. The larger por- 
 tion is built of granite, from Dix Island quarries. On the 
 north front, in the centre of the pavement, is a beautiful 
 fountain, built of granite, and on the western front is an- 
 other, having its basin of the same material. On the south 
 front there will shortly be placed a bronze equestrian statue 
 of Ulysses S. Grant, as General of the Armies of the United 
 States. This statue is to be erected by the contributions of 
 citizens. 
 
 The interior of the building is no less gratifying to the 
 beholder, and is admirably suited to the uses intended. 
 With the exception of the centre, or older portion of the 
 building, the rooms are large, commodious, airy, well light- 
 ed and furnished. The officei"s connected with the Trea- 
 sury Department are, the Secretary or head of the Depart- 
 ment, First and Second Comptrollei*s, and a Comptroller of 
 the Currency, a Commissioner of Customs, Commissioner 
 of Revenue, and Commissioner of Internal Revenue, six 
 Auditors, Treasurer, Register, and Solicitor, and the oflS- 
 cers in charge of the Light-House Board and Coast Survey. 
 There are also a Director in charge of Statistics, a Supervis- 
 ing Architect, and a Superintendent of the building. 
 
 With a written order from the Secretary, and under the 
 direction of the Superintendent, the visitor can be admitted 
 to the Printing Division of the National Currency Bureau; 
 but he must be unaccompanied by ladies, they not being ad- 
 
riiiiiiilii'i'lilijiiiii'ii^iii^i'^ 
 
30 G0VERN3rENT BUILDINGS. 
 
 mitted under any circumstances, except as employees. Here- 
 tofore, all the notes and bonds of the United States have 
 been manufactured here, and the process is exceedingly 
 novel and interesting. The ponderous hydraulic presses, the 
 delicate cutting and counting-machines, the manufacture of 
 paper and envelopes, the printing of the notes, and the in- 
 tricate paths they are compelled to pursue, all present a 
 busy and interesting scene. From a visit to the Loan 
 Branch, Redemption Division, and Cash-rooms of the Trea- 
 surer's Office, the visitor obtains some idea of the financial 
 operations of the government. The redemption and muti- 
 lation, and the counting of the United States currency is, in 
 these offices, an interesting proceeding. 
 
 The Cash-room itself is magnificent. Its walls are con- 
 structed of Sienna, Italian, and Pyrenean marble, with co- 
 lumns of white Tennessee and Carrara marble. In combi- 
 nation with these are the red and dove-colored Tennessee. 
 The floor is laid with white and red marble. From the ceil- 
 ings hang gorgeous chandeliers. The desks and counters 
 are made of solid mahogany, with very thick and clear 
 plate-glass set into the frames. 
 
 THE WAR DEPARTMENT 
 
 occupies the building on the west side of the executive man- 
 sion, and faces Pennsylvania avenue. The present edifice is 
 insignificant and time-worn in its appearance, but will 
 shortly give place to an imposing structure, which has been 
 commenced on the same site. It will be built of granite 
 quarried at Dix Island, Maine, and Richmond, Va., and will 
 correspond somewhat in appearance with the Treasury 
 building. 
 
 The War Department i-^ under the supervision of the Secre- 
 tray of War, assisted by the Adjutant-General, Quarter-Mas- 
 ter-General, Commissary-General, Paymaster-General, Sur- 
 geon-General, and chiefs of the Bureaus of Engineers, Ord- 
 nance, Signal Service, Freedmen's Aflfairs, and Military Jus- 
 tice. The most of these bureaus have all their rooms in the 
 , department building proper, but this not being adequate for 
 
GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS. 31 
 
 the accommodation of all, some are located in adjacent 
 buildings liired for the purpose. The office of the com- 
 manding general of the army is in the main building, where 
 many trophies of the late war are exhibited. - 
 
 Under the direction of the Signal Office, the useful and 
 remarkably accurate meteorological reports for the benefit 
 of commerce are daily made and published. The office of 
 the chief signal officer is at present located in a house (for- 
 merly the residence of JelTerson Davis) on G street, very 
 near the department building. It is here that the weather 
 reports are daily received, by telegraph, from the observere 
 stationed in different sections of the country. The instru- 
 ments in use are exceedingly delicate and accurate, being of 
 the most improved patterns. 
 
 The Freedmen's Bureau occupies portions of the building 
 attached to the Howard University, situated on Seventh 
 street, some distance away from the department building. 
 
 THE NAVY DEPARTMENT 
 
 occupies the building a little south of and similar in appear- 
 ance to the War Department edifice. The building already 
 commenced and referred to in the description of the War 
 Department will occupy the site of the present Navy Depart- 
 ment, and the south wing of it will be occupied by the latter 
 department. The Secretary of the Navy, the admirals, 
 commodores, and other naval officers in charge of the 
 several bureaus, have their offices in tliis building and in 
 Winder's building opposite. One of the most interesting 
 branches of the department is 
 
 THE NAVAL OBSERVATORY, 
 
 located some distance west of the department. It is used 
 principally for the purposes of hydrographieal research, 
 although astronomical observations are made to an im- 
 portant extent. As may be conjectured, tliere are many 
 objects of rare interest to be seen here; and all the instru- 
 ments and appurtenances are of the finest and most valuable 
 kind. The elevated site on which the Observatory stands, 
 
32 GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS. 
 
 before the country became settled, was the camp of a noble 
 tribe of Indians, to whom all the territory in this region be- 
 lon2:ed, and who are thus described by Captain John Smith : 
 "Such great and well-proportioned men are seldom seen; 
 for they seem like giants to the English — yea, and to their 
 neighbors ; yet seemed of an honest and simple disposition, 
 and with much ado restrained from adoring us as God." 
 Many strange and wonderful legends are connected witli 
 this spot. 
 
 Another exceedingly interesting branch of this depart- 
 ment is 
 
 THE NAVY- YARD, 
 
 located in the eastern section of the city, on the Anacostia 
 River, (the eastern branch of the Potomac.) The grounds 
 comprise about 357 acres, and are approached, on the land 
 side, through a handsome gateway, contiguous to which are 
 several guns, trophies of naval warfare, the inscriptions 
 on each stating its history. The workshops, ordnance 
 stores, mementos of maritime adventure, ship-houses, and 
 frequently monitors and war-vessels, present objects of 
 interest sufficient to occupy very profitably the^time of the 
 visitor. Near the yard are the Marine Barracks and Marine 
 Hospital. 
 
 THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE 
 
 at present occupies a building belonging to the Protestant 
 Orphan Asylum of Washington. The building is located 
 on Fourteenth street, and is temporarily occupied by the 
 .department until more suitable accommodations are pro- 
 vided. The old State Department building stood on the 
 spot where is now the beautiful north wing of the Treasury 
 Department. 
 
 As soon as the structure already referred to as the future 
 location for the War and Navy Departments is readj', the 
 State Department will be transferred to it also, thus bringing 
 nearly all of the executive departments of the government 
 in close proximity to each other. It was in this building 
 that the Joint High Commission held its sessions in the 
 
G0VERN3IENT BUILDINGS. 33 
 
 spring of 1871, and framed the Washington Treaty for the 
 settlement of the existing points of difference between our 
 government and Great Britain. All the passports neces- 
 sary for American citizens traveling abroad are issued here ; 
 also x>ardons by the President in favor of convicted offen- 
 ders against United States laws. The library of the depart- 
 ment contains a remarkable collection of curious state 
 papers. 
 
 THE POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT 
 is located on the square bounded by Seventh and Eighth, and 
 E and F streets, about half way between the Capitol and Ex- 
 ecutive Mansion, and three squares north of Pennsylvania 
 avenue. This is the site of the first post-office, which was 
 burnt in December, 1836. The present building is one of 
 the finest structures in Washington. The Corinthian is the 
 order of architecture, which, with a material of white mar- 
 ble, gives an effect altogether beautiful and imposing. It 
 has a front extending £04 feet on E street, north, with 
 v/ings of 300 feet on Seventh and Eighth streets. 
 
 In the archway of the entrance for the mail- wagons, on the 
 Eighth street side, is a well executed piece of sculpture, re- 
 presenting the advantages of steam and electricity. The 
 Dead-Letter Office is a bureau of the department well worth 
 a visit, where all the unmailable and misdirected letters from 
 the many thousand post-offices throughout the country are 
 sent and opened, their contents being properly recorded if 
 of any value, and the letters destroyed. 
 
 In the rear of the building, and opening on F street, is the 
 general delivery of the City Post-Office, the accommodations 
 being commodious and pleasant. It occupies a convenient- 
 ly central position, and is in all respects worthy of the city 
 and of the important interests it represents. 
 
 THE INTEEIOR DEPARTMENT 
 
 is located in the Patent Office building. This magnificent 
 structure, the object of which stands so closely connected 
 with mechanical and social i^rogress, is in all respects admi- 
 rably adapted to its purpose. The principal front, with its 
 
34 GOVERmiENT BUILDINGS. 
 
 splendid portico, in exact imitation of that of the Pantheon, 
 loolis down Eighth street. The grand entrance is here 
 approached by a flight of granite steps, opening into a 
 spacious hall, from which a two-fold flight (;f marble steps 
 conducts to the fine galleries above ; the centre portion of 
 the building is applied to the purposes of the Patent Office. 
 The east wing gives accommodation to the Secretar}^ of the 
 Interior and his assistants, together with the Commissioner 
 of Patents and his staflT, on the ground floor. In other parts 
 of the building are the rooms of the General Land Office, 
 Indian Bureau, and Census Office. One splendid saloon, de- 
 signated the National Gallery, constitutes the second floor, 
 where are deposited seemingly innumerable models of pa- 
 tents, but wliich are really so classified and arranged as to be 
 easily found, curiosities and mementos of national history, 
 specimens of home manufactures, and other objects of inte- 
 rest. A fourfold range of columns, of massive Doric archi- 
 tecture, rising to the height of twenty feet, and from whicli 
 spring a series of arched ceilings ten feet higher, give dignity 
 and adornment to this elegant apartment. Wlien, in connec- 
 tion with this, we take the fine cylindrical arch, rising supe- 
 rior to the others, and admitting light from above by its central 
 aperture of thirteen feet diameter, we are constrained to ac- 
 knowledge the grand and imposing character of the whole. 
 The other halls on the same level are on an equally magni- 
 ficent scale, and in style corresponding with that already 
 referred to — opening by lofty archways into the vast gallery 
 just described, and giving in all a range of galleries of most 
 extensive dimensions. This department also leases, for the 
 use of the Pension Bureau, the Seaton House, lately used 
 as a hotel, on Louisiana avenue, between Sixth and Seventli 
 streets. 
 
 THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 
 
 is presided over by the Attorney-General of the United States, 
 and is accommodated in the south wing of the Trea^iry 
 Department building. It is the duty of the head of this de- 
 partment to prosecute and conduct all cases for the govern- 
 ment appearing before the Supreme Court ; and to render 
 
Mil, 
 
 siiiilli 
 
 I ; 
 
 m W«*^0' 
 
36 GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS. 
 
 an opinion upon all legal points referred to him by the 
 executive officers of the national government. 
 
 THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
 
 occupies the building in the square of ground a short dis- 
 tance south of Pennsylvania avenue and between Fourteenth 
 and Fifteenth streets. It is destined to become one of the 
 most important and useful branches of the government. The 
 grounds and building present a handsome appearance ; and 
 the former give ample field for experimental farming and 
 gardening. There is nothing more attractive in the city than 
 the gorgeous flower-beds in front of the building at the favo- 
 rable seasons. A large conservatory on the western side is 
 filled with rare plants and specimens of horticulture, which 
 afford ample opportunity to the student of botany and lover 
 of flowers to examine and admire. The interior of the main 
 building presents a cheerful appearance ; and the museum 
 on the second floor contains every thing that is rare and 
 curious in the vegetable world, and is worth a prolonged 
 visit. East of the Agricultural Department building is 
 
 THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. 
 
 This building is diflerent in architecture from any other in 
 the city, being of the Lombardian order, and is built of 
 light-red sandstone, obtained from Seneca Creek, about 23 
 miles from Washington. There are nine towers to the 
 building, the main one being 150 feet high. The corner- 
 stone was laid May 1st, 1847. The founder and endower of 
 this institution was James Smithson, a man of high scientific 
 attainments, a native and resident of England. The legality 
 of his bequest was tested in the English courts ; but a final 
 decision resulted in placing $515,169 in the treasury of the 
 United States, for the accomplishment of the object of the 
 testator, namely, " The increase and diffusion of knowledge 
 among men.'''' This sum still remains intact, the interest 
 upon it having been so managed as not only to erect this 
 handsome building, but to give its purposes proper support. 
 The scientific results of the various exploring expeditions 
 
iiiiW^^ 
 
38 GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS. 
 
 are stored here; and the Museum of Natural History and 
 collections of curiosities, native and foreign, is the largest 
 and best in America. The library contains many rare and 
 valuable works. The scientific investigations, conducted by 
 the officers of the institution, are prominent and important ; 
 and their results are appreciated by all similar institutions 
 throughout tlie world. The building was seriously damaged 
 by fire in 1865, but has since been repaired. 
 
 The tall shaft of marble west of the Department of Agri- 
 culture, and so distinctly seen from all parts of the city, is 
 the unfinished 
 
 WASHINGTON MONUMENT, 
 
 the corner-stone of which was laid July 4th, 184S. The ori- 
 ginal design contemplates a square column 600 feet high, 
 and, by the subscriptions of the people, a height of 184 feet 
 has been attained; but for more than ten years these 
 contributions have been so small as to barely keep the 
 present pile in repair. The design furnished by Robert 
 Mills was a grand conception, and can be seen at the office 
 in the monument grounds. Lining the inside of the monu- 
 ment, and also in the sheds erected near, are to be seen 
 blocks of stone contributed by every nation, and by almost 
 every class of people of all nations, bearing suitable inscrip- 
 tions, and intended to testify a universal respect for the 
 great and good man. A feeling of sadness, almost of shame, 
 comes over the visitor as he contemplates this unfinished 
 structure. But history teaches us, by numerous examples, 
 that such stupendous works, even in older, larger, and more 
 wealthy nations, were never built by voluntary contribu- 
 tions. 
 
 EQUESTRIAN STATUE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Just north of the Naval Observatory, in a circular piece 
 of ground situated at the intersection of several streets with 
 Pennsylvania avenue, and forming a pleasant little park, is 
 the equestrian statue of Washington, modeled and cast in 
 bronze by Clark Mills, by order of Congress, at a cost of 
 
GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS. 39 
 
 150,000. The artist has chosen as the proper illustration of 
 his subject that eventful moment in the life of Washington 
 when, at the battle of Princeton, he turned the scale in fa- 
 vor of his country's cause by exposing his own person at 
 the head of his troops, and rallying them on to victory. The 
 likeness is said to be one of the best in existence. 
 
 THE WASHINGTON ARSENAL 
 
 is located on the extreme southern limit of the city, at the 
 mouth of the Eastern Branch, and is in full view from the 
 Navy-yard. Death-dealing implements of war, of every 
 imaginable construction and material, may be found here ; 
 also a museum containing offensive and defensive war ma- 
 terial from every nation, arranged with military precision, 
 and in so neat and orderly a manner as to form a curious at- 
 traction. Curiosities from the battle-fields in the late war 
 form a feature of special interest. Just north of and con- 
 tiguous to the Arsenal grounds formerly stood the Peniten- 
 tiary building ; but, by a late act of Congress, all convicts in 
 the district must be taken to the Albany (N. Y.) Penitentiary, 
 and such parts of the building as were not required for the 
 use of the Arsenal were razed to the ground. It was here 
 that the conspirators in the assassination of President Lin- 
 coln were tried and convicted, and on a spot which can be 
 pointed out Payne, Herold, Atzerodt, and Mrs. Surratt were 
 hung and afterward buried. The spot where Booth's body 
 was deposited, and about which aflair there was so much 
 mystery, can also be easily shown. The entrance to the 
 Arsenal grounds faces Four-and-a-half street. 
 
 THE COLUMBIA ARMORY 
 
 is the grim and solid-looking building in the square on 
 Seventh street, east of the Smithsonian Institution. A large 
 quantity of ordnance and other war material and many mili- 
 tary trophies are stored here, and the place is used to a 
 considerable extent by the District militia as a drill-ground 
 and head-quarters. 
 
40 G0VERN3IENT BUILDINGS. 
 
 THE ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM, 
 
 a branch of the Surgeon-General's Office, is located on Tenth 
 street, between E and F streets, in the building formerly- 
 known as Ford's Theatre, and where the assassination of 
 President Lincoln occurred. The interior of the building 
 has been so altered as to leave no trace of its old appearance, 
 and consequently considerable of the interest it would other- 
 wise have, in connection witli the scene of the assassination, 
 is lost. It is now cheerful and commodious within, and is 
 divided into several apartments, devoted to the investigation 
 of every thing that may be useful in the materia medica of 
 the army. The results of these examinations are carefully 
 recorded, have been of incalculable assistance, and as far 
 as possible are exhibited to those interested. 
 
 THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 
 
 one of the largest establishments of the kind in the world, 
 is located directly north of the Capitol. Nearly all the print- 
 ing and binding required by Congress, and the numerous 
 government departments in Washington, is done in this 
 building, and the most recent and perfect machinery is 
 used in the execution of the work. Several hundred hands 
 are employed, and the scene presented during working hours 
 is busy and interesting. 
 
 At the foot of the Capitol, on the south side of Pennsyl- 
 vania avenue, are 
 
 THE PROPAGATING-GARDENS, 
 
 where rare plants from all parts of the world can be seen in 
 full bloom, a sight at once delightful and curious. Beauti- 
 ful and healthy specimens of the date, fan, and other palm- 
 trees, banana, India-rubber, coffee, and cinnamon-trees, and 
 a great number of tropical plants, are to be seen here. There 
 are several thousand specimens in the collection, arranged 
 in different conservatories according to the required tempe- 
 rature. 
 
GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS. 41 
 
 THE COAST-SURVEY OFFICE 
 
 is in a neat and commodious buildin<>; on Capitoi Hill, and 
 within a few steps of the southern entrance to the Capitol 
 grounds. The results of the coast surveys of the United 
 States are forwarded here and prepared for publication. 
 
 THE GOVERNMENT ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE 
 
 is located on the bank of the Eastern Branch, opposite the 
 Navy- Yard. The building is large and beautifully propor- 
 tioned, occupies an elevated and commanding site, and in 
 all its arrangements, internal and external, is a model insti- 
 tution. It was built under authority of an act of Congress, 
 and is for the accommodation of the insane of the army and 
 navy of the United States, and of the District of Columbia. 
 The bridge spanning the stream, and leading to the Insane 
 Asylum, is the one traversed by the murderers Booth and 
 Herold, in their flight on the night of the assassination of 
 President Lincoln. 
 
 FOREIGN LEGATIONS. 
 
 With two or three unimportant exceptions, all the ambas- 
 sadors from foreign countries reside in Washington. Their 
 names, residences, and other information can be obtained 
 at the State Department. 
 
 PUBLIC PARKS. 
 
 The arrangement of the streets and avenues of the city is 
 such that at their intersections numerous open triangular 
 spaces are formed, which are called " government reserva- 
 tions," and are adorned with trees and flowers. They are 
 under the care of the Commissioner of Public Buildings, (as 
 are all government grounds in the District.) These pleasant 
 green spots are refreshing to the eye, and gratifying to the 
 taste. 
 
 The continuous stretch of ground, comprising about 200 
 
 acres, between the Capitol and the Washington Monument, 
 
 and now known as the Mall, will ere long be adorned with 
 
 trees, shrubbery, and fountains, and when completed will be 
 
 4* 
 
42 GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS. 
 
 one of the finest drives in the country. Congress has now 
 under consideration a bill looking toward the accomplish- 
 ment of this object. 
 
 The grounds surrounding the Capitol, the Executive Man- 
 sion, and other government buildings, are alreadj^ improved 
 to a considerable extent, so as to form delightful and re- 
 freshing resorts. Several of tlie squares have been beauti- 
 fully embellished and cultivated. Tlie most attractive of 
 these is 
 
 LA FAYETTE SQUARE, 
 
 directly opposite and north of the Executive Mansion. It 
 is a favorite • place of resort, and its delightful shade and 
 pleasant retreats during the warm season daily attract large 
 numbers of people. In the centre of the square stands 
 
 THE EQUESTRIAN STATUE OF JACKSON. 
 
 The material used in casting this statue is made princi- 
 pally of the guns captured by General Jadvson at Pensacola, 
 and the four brass six-pounders, at the base of the pedestal, 
 were captured by the hero at the battle of New-Orleans, in 
 1815. The entire height of the statue and pedestal is 16 
 feet, and the centre of gravity is so nicely calculated that 
 no other means are required to maintain the statue balanced 
 in its position upon the hind feet of the horse. The entire 
 cost was $30,000. 
 
 OFFICES OF THE DISTRICT GOVERNMENT. 
 
 The new territorial form of government has been in ope- 
 ration so short a time that its offices are but temporarily 
 located in buildings hired for the purpose, and which may 
 at no distant day be vacated. It is intended to erect appro- 
 priate edifices, which will adorn the city, and be convenient 
 in every respect for the occupancy of government officials. 
 The ijrincipal officers are at present occupying a building 
 on Four-and-a-half street, near Pennsylvania avenue, and 
 a portion of 
 
BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 43 
 
 THE CITY HALL. 
 
 This building was commenced in the year 1820, and after 
 a long- period, during which it remained in a fragmentary 
 state, was brought to its present extent in 1850. The 
 original plan contemplates a much larger sti'ucture, the por- 
 tion already completed embracing only one wing. It pre- 
 sents a commanding appearance, with a front, in stucco, of 
 200 feet. The location is on Judiciary Square, at the head of 
 Four-and-a-half street, and facing Pennsylvania avenue. 
 The uses to which it is devoted are quite varied, including 
 the District Courts, the office for recording title-deeds of 
 District real estate, several offices of the territorial govern- 
 ment, and business chambers for a number of city attor- 
 neys. As a piece of architecture it ranks high, being distin- 
 guished by great elegance and symmetry. In the centre of 
 the open space in front stands a monument to President 
 Lincoln, erected in 1868 by the residents of Washington 
 and designed by one of its citizens. 
 
 BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIOJSfS. 
 
 WASHINGTON ALMS-HOUSE. 
 
 This handsome edifice, dedicated to corporate charity, and 
 the restraint and reformation of petty offenders, occupies an 
 elevated site cast of the Capitol, and is a rare specimen of 
 the right building in the right place. Its architecture is 
 pleasing and durable without unnecessary expense ; and a 
 visit to it will repay any visitor interested in such subjects. 
 
 THE REFORM SCHOOL, 
 
 for the correction and improvement of juvenile offenders, is 
 located on the government farm, near Georgetown, and is 
 an interesting institution. 
 
44 BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 THE PKOVIDENCE HOSPITAL 
 
 is chartered by Congress, and sums of money necessary for 
 its proper support are annually donated by that body. It is 
 intended to receive invalid or outcast persons, who are in 
 bodily suffering, and is under the care of a board of promi- 
 nent physicians of the city, and the Sisters of Charity of the 
 Roman Catholic Church. The building, which is attractive 
 in its outward appearance, and arranged with every comfort 
 within, is situated on the corner of Second street east and 
 D street south, in a very healthy location, a short distance 
 south of the Capitol. Visitors are received daily. 
 
 THE COLUMBIA HOSPITAL 
 
 for Women and Lying-in Asylum is chartered similarly to the 
 above mentioned, and devoted to the objects indicated by its 
 name. It is not, however, under the charge of any religious 
 denomination, as is the case with Providence Hospital, 
 
 THE WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION 
 
 occupies the wooden structures in Judiciary square, in the 
 rear of the City Hall, and is doing a noble work in saving 
 women from a downward course. Meetings ai-e held every 
 Friday evening. 
 
 THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION 
 
 have a handsome building at the corner of Ninth and D 
 streets, where the stranger will always find a welcome. The 
 rooms are open from nine a.m. to ten p.m. Newspapei-s 
 and magazines, religious and secular, from all parts of the 
 country, are to be found in the reading-rooms. The library 
 embraces about twenty thousand volumes, of nearly every 
 class of literature, and is free to all to read in the rooms ; 
 and by the payment of an annual fee of two dollars, books 
 can be taken away. The membership fee, entitling to all 
 the privileges of the association, is three dollars annually. 
 A first-class gymnasium and bowling alley arc in the build- 
 ing, and under the direction of the association. 
 
DEVLIN & CO. 
 
 J. Devlin. / 
 J. Ogden. ) 
 
 iS. W. JessTip. 
 CR. C. Ogden. 
 
 BROADWAY, COMER GRAND STREET, 
 
 ISTEV^-YOHK. 
 
 The above cut represents our " up-town store," in which we 
 carry on 
 
 Every Branch of the Clothing Business, 
 
 INCLUDING 
 
 Reaflf-Iafle Clotliing for Men M Boys, 
 
 T^HOLEBALE J|^]V1> ItETAIIL,. 
 
 Custom-Work or Clothing to Order 
 
 OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 
 
 Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods of all Kinds Ready-Made, 
 and American Yoke Shirts Made to Order. 
 
J. DEVLIN. 
 J. OGDEN. 
 
 S. W. JESSIJP. 
 K. C. OGDEN. 
 
 DEVLIN 86 CO., 
 
 Broadway, corner of Warren Street, 
 NEW-YORK. 
 
 The above is a cut of our " down-town store," the business of 
 which is precisely the same as our "up-town store," excepting 
 the wholesale department. 
 
 At this store will always be found a complete variety of 
 
 Ready-made Clothing for Men and Boys, 
 
 Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods, 
 
 American Yoke Shirts, 
 
 Robes de Chambre and Smokin;^ Jackets, 
 
 AND 
 
 Piece Goods for Custom Orders. 
 
 DEVLIN & CO. 
 
PLACES OF AMUSE3IENT. 47 
 
 PLACES OF AML^SEMENT. 
 
 LINCOLN HALL, 
 
 one of the best audience-rooms in the citj', capable of seat- 
 ing abont twelve hundred persons, is in the Association 
 building, and is the popular place for amusements and exhi- 
 bitions suitable for cultivated and refined audiences. 
 
 THE NATIONAL THEATRE, 
 
 on Pennsylvania avenue, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth 
 
 streets ; 
 
 WALL'S OPERA-HOUSE, 
 
 on Ninth street and Pennsylvania avenue, and 
 
 MASONIC HALL, 
 
 corner of Ninth and F streets, are the principal places of 
 attraction during the amusement season. 
 
 INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING. 
 
 COLUMBIAN COLLEGE 
 
 is located at the head of Fourteenth street, and to the citi- 
 zens of Washington is a source of especial pride, having, 
 from the date of its incorporation in 1821, maintained a high 
 position as a centre of learning. Its organization embraces 
 the various university courses, and in the law, medical, and 
 theological departments is especially popular. Its Ubi-ary 
 contains nearly ten thousand volumes. 
 
 GEORGETOWN COLLEGE 
 
 talces its name from its location, and is owned and controlled 
 by clergymen of the Roman Catholic Church. This college 
 
48 INSTITUTIONS OF 'LEARNING, 
 
 has a very extensive influence, embracing at all times in its 
 roll of students representatives from every portion of this 
 continent; and its systems of study are so thorough and 
 progressive that it deservedly enjoys a national reputation of 
 the highest order. The graduates of its medical department 
 include many bright lights of the profession, that reflect 
 great credit upon their alma mater. The college library 
 numbers thirty thousand volumes, including many ancient 
 and curious manuscripts and missals. 
 
 THE HOWAKD UNIVERSITY 
 
 is located on Seventh street, just outside the northern boun- 
 dary line of Washington City, and although founded less 
 than five years since, has already made a wide reputation as 
 an institution of learning. Its special feature is the admis- 
 sion of students without regard to race or color, and its ad- 
 vantages are chiefly enjoyed by colored men. The law and 
 medical branches are admirably conducted, and very flourish- 
 ing. 
 
 GONZAGA COLLEGE, 
 
 a Koman Catholic institution, on F street, between Ninth 
 and Tenth streets ; 
 
 WASHINGTON BUSINESS COLLEGE, 
 
 corner of Seventh and L streets ; 
 
 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, 
 and 
 
 UNIVERSITY FOR THE BLIND, 
 
 are all prominent and eflacient institutions. 
 
 THE COLUMBIA INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF, DUMB, 
 AND BLIND 
 
 is one of the best establishments of the kind in the country. 
 It is located in the north-eastern portion of the city, in a 
 pleasant suburb, familiarly known as Kendall Green. 
 
ART. 49 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOL BUILDINGS. 
 
 The most attractive are the Franklin building, at the cor- 
 ner of Tliirteentli and K streets ; the Wallach, on Pennsyl- 
 vania avenne and Sixth streets, east, and the Seaton, on I 
 street, between First and Second streets. These are all 
 large and beautiful, the arrangements for the purposes 
 intended being so complete as to command the admiration 
 and approval of many visitors. 
 
 ART. 
 
 Mr. W. W. Corcoran, a wealthy banker and liberal patron 
 of art, has erected, entirely at his own expense, the beautiful 
 building, at the corner of Seventeenth street and Pennsylva- 
 nia avenue, known as 
 
 THE CORCORAN ART-GALLERY, 
 
 which has been fitted up with especial accommodations for 
 the exhibition of pictures and sculpture. Mr. Corcoran has 
 appointed a board of trustees to control the building and its 
 objects, and these gentlemen are preparing as rapidly as 
 l^ossiblc for the reception of contributions. The structure 
 was erected before the late war, by which the noble design 
 of the founder was unfortunately interrupted for a season, 
 and the premises, being needed by the government, were 
 taken for the use of one of the bureaus of the Quarter- Mas- 
 ter-General's office. It was surrendered about a year ago, 
 and repairs were immediately commenced, which are noAv 
 nearly finished. 
 
 Mr. Corcoran has a valuable collection of paintings and 
 
 statuary, which can be seen at his magnificent residence 
 
 at the corner of Sixteenth and H streets, on Tuesdays and 
 
 Fridays. This collection includes Powers's "Greek Slave," 
 
 5 
 
50 STREET RAILWAYS. 
 
 and other statuaiy, and a large number of oil and water- color 
 paintings of the best masters, ancient and modern. 
 
 Mr. J. C. Maguire, at his residence on E street, between 
 Sixth and Seventh, has a fine collection of oil paintings, and 
 Mr. Franklin Philp, 1311 K street, has the largest and best 
 collection of water-color drawings owned \>y any private in- 
 dividual in the United States. These gentlemen are always 
 ready to exhibit their art treasures to appreciative visitors. 
 
 STREET RAILWAYS. 
 
 METROPOLITAN RAILROAD COMPANY, 
 
 (commonly called the f street line.) 
 
 Office^ corner of New- York Avenue and SeventeeiiOi Street. 
 
 The eastern terminus is near the Capitol, whence the cars 
 run through portions of D, Fifth, F, Fourteenth, H, and 
 Seventeenth streets, and Pennsylvania avenue, passing the 
 B. and O. P.P. depot. City Hall, Post-Office Department, 
 Patent-Office, St. Cloud Hotel, Ebbitt House, the Arlington, 
 La Fayette Square, and within one square of the Treasury 
 Department and Executive Mansion, to the Corcoran Arfc» 
 Gallery and War and Navy Departments. 
 
 WASHINGTON AND GEORGETOWN RAILROAD COM- 
 PANY. 
 
 Office, JVb. 200 Keic- Jersey Avenue. 
 
 Georgetown is the western terminus of this line, whence 
 its cars run through Pennsylvania avenue, passing the Cor- 
 coran Art-Gallery, War, Navy, and Treasury Department*, 
 Executive Mansion, La Fayette Square, Willard's, Kirkwood, 
 National, Metropolitan, St. James, Continental, Washington, 
 and St. Charles Hotels, Congressional Conservatory, tlic 
 
CEMETERIES. 51 
 
 Capitol, B. and O. R.R, depot, to the Marine Barracks and 
 Navy- Yard. 
 
 Tlic blue cars run between Geori^etown and the B. and O. 
 R.R. depot only ; but the red cars traverse the entire route. 
 
 This railroad has two branches, for which transfer tickets 
 can be obtained. The principal one of these starts from the 
 foot of Seventh street, where it connects with the southern 
 mail-boats, and, crossing the main track at right angles, conti- 
 nues to the city boundary, within a f cav minutes' walk of How- 
 ard University, passhig en route the grounds of the Smithso- 
 nian Institution, the Post-Offlce Department, and the Patent- 
 Office. The other branch leaves the main line at the junc- 
 tion of New- York avenue and Fifteenth street, opposite the 
 Treasury Department, and runs thence through New-York 
 avenue and Fourteenth street to the city boundary, i^assing 
 the Department of State. 
 
 COLUMBIA STKEET RAILKOAD COMPANY. 
 
 The cars of this line start from the junction of New-York 
 avenue and Fifteenth street, opposite the Treasury Depart- 
 ment, running through New- York avenue. Fourteenth and 
 K streets, Massachusetts avenue and H street, passing the 
 Government Printing-office, to the toll-gate at the city boun- 
 dary, on the Bladeusburg road. 
 
 CEMETERIES. 
 
 THE CONGRESSIONAL CEMETERY, 
 
 located in the extreme eastern section of the city, on the 
 banks of the Anacostia River, is the oldest and best known 
 in the city, and although the property of a corporation, has 
 acquired its name from the custom, prevailing for many years, 
 of erecting within it a monument to the memory of each 
 Senator or Representative dying in office. 
 
52 BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. 
 
 OAK-HILL CEMETERY 
 
 is on tlie heights of Georgetown, upon the western slope of 
 the hanks of Rock Creek, and is beautifully laid out in terra- 
 ces and walks overshadowed by tall oak-trees. Many points 
 command charming views of the exquisite scenery of the 
 valley and the stream. There are already many grand monu- 
 ments and elaborate vaults erected here. The vault belong- 
 ing to the donor of the land, Mr. Corcoran, which stands 
 upon the brow of the hill, in a very conspicuous and beau- 
 tiful location, is surmounted by a primitive Grecian temple 
 of the Doric order, octagonal in form, and built of white 
 marble, at a cost of over $25,000. The granite monument 
 to Bodisco, the late Russian minister, is worthy of notice. 
 The sliaft was sent from St. Petersburg, by the Russian go- 
 vernment. The entrance is graced by a tasteful Gothic 
 lodge, of sandstone, and the stone chapel, overgrown with 
 ivy, is a beautiful feature of the cemetery. 
 
 GLENWOOD CEMETERY 
 
 is located north of the city and near the old Soldiers' Home. 
 Its avenues, trees, shrubbery, and monuments are beautiful 
 and well kept. 
 
 SECRET AND BENEVOLENT 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 The Masonic Order has a beautiful "Temple" at the cor- 
 ner of Ninth and F streets, in which meetings are held every 
 evening. There are 19 lodges, 7 chapters, and 3 commande- 
 ries. The lodge-rooms are beautifully furnished and sup- 
 plied with every convenience. 
 
 The Odd Fellows own a hall on Seventh street, between D 
 and E streets, admirably adapted to their purposes, which also 
 has a large audience-room for public exhibitions. There arc 
 
HOTELS AND BANKS. 53 
 
 13 lodges aud 4 encampments, with meetings every eve- 
 ning. 
 
 The Knights of Pythias, Sons of Temperance, Grand 
 Army of the Republic, are well organized and hold regular 
 meetings. 
 
 LEADING HOTELS. 
 
 The Arlington, Vermont avenue, near H street. 
 Ebbitt House, corner of 14th and F streets. 
 Jenness House, E st., facing Penn. av., bet. IStli and 14th sts. 
 *Kirkwood House, corner of 12th street and Penn. avenue. 
 Metropolitan Hotel, Penn. avenue, bet. 6th and 7th streets. 
 St. Cloud Hotel, (European plan,) cor. 9th and F streets. 
 St. James Hotel, (European plan,) cor. (3th and Penn. av. 
 St. Marc Hotel, (European plan,) cor. 7th and Penn. av. 
 *Willard's Hotel, corner of Penn. avenue and 14th street. 
 Owen House, (European plan,) Penn. avenue, bet. 14th and 
 15th streets. 
 
 BANKS AND BANKERS. 
 
 Bank of Washington, corner of 7th and C streets ; Presi- 
 dent, William Gunton ; Cashier, Charles A. James. 
 
 Jay Cooke & Co., 15th street, opposite Treasury Depart- 
 ment. 
 
 First National Bank, 15th street, opposite Treasury Depart- 
 ment ; President, H. D. Cooke ; Cashier, W. S. Hunt- 
 ington. 
 
 Freedmen's Savings Bank, 7tli street, opposite the Post- 
 Office; President, J. W. Alvord; Cashier, William J. 
 Wilson. 
 
 * Hotels marked thus (*) were closed at this date, September, 1871. 
 
54 CHURCHES. 
 
 Lewis Johnson & Co., cor. Pcnnsylvania'arenue and 10th 
 street ; President, Lewis Johnson ; Cashier, L. J. Davis. 
 
 Middleton & Co., F street, between 14th and 15th streets. 
 
 National Bank of tlie Republic, cor. 7th and D streets ; Pre- 
 sident, Fitzhugh Coyle ; Cashier, Charles Bradley. 
 
 National Metropolitan Bank, 15th street, opposite Treasury; 
 President, John B. Blake ; Cashier, Moses Kelly. 
 
 Riggs & Co., cor. 15th street and Pennsylvania avenue ; Pre- 
 sident, George W. Riggs ; Cashier, W. C. Bestor. 
 
 Washington City Savings Bank, cor. 7th street and Louisi- 
 ana avenue ; President, J. B. Bryan ; Treasurer, J. A. 
 Ruff. 
 
 National Savings Bank, cor. 15th street and New-York 
 avenue ; President, H. A. Willard ; Treasurer, B. P. 
 Snyder. 
 
 National Safe Deposit Company, cor. 15th street and New- 
 York avenue ; President, George H. Plant. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 . Church architecture in the national capital has improved 
 greatly during the past five years, and to-day each leading 
 denomination has one or more church-buildings that are 
 elegant and attractive. Tuc se are : The Metropolitan Metho- 
 dist Episcopal, erected at a cost of about $250,000. This 
 church is now being finished by the addition of a lofty spire 
 and a chime of bells. The President and Vice-President, 
 Chief -Justice, and many other dignitaries are regular atten- 
 dants. The Foundry Church, belonging to the same denom- 
 ination, is worthy of mention. The other principal churches 
 are as follows : Presbyterian, First, New-York Avenue, and 
 Fourth; Roman Catholic, St. Aloysius and St. Dominic's; 
 Episcopal, Trinity ; Baptist, Calvary ; and Congregational- 
 ist, First Church. Several other denominations have edi- 
 
CHURCHES. 55 
 
 flees which are commodious and comfortable, although with- 
 out special claims to architectural beauty. The hours of ser- 
 vice on the Sabbath are generally with all the denomina- 
 tions the same, namely, 11 a.m. and half-past 7 p.m. Sab- 
 bath-school services at 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. The following is 
 a list of the names and locations of all the churches : 
 
 METHODIST EPISCOPAL. 
 
 Metropolitan, corner of 4§ and C streets. 
 
 Foundry, corner of 14th and G streets. 
 
 Wesley Chapel, corner of 5th and F streets. 
 
 McKendree Chapel, Mass. avenue, bet. 9th and 10th streets. 
 
 East- Washington, 4tli street, east, near G street. 
 
 Hamline Chapel, corner 9th and P streets. 
 
 Kyland Chapel, corner 10th and D streets. 
 
 Union Chapel, 20th street, near Penn. avenue. 
 
 Fletcher Chapel, corner 4th street and New- York avenue; 
 
 Gorsuch Chapel, corner 4? and L streets, south. 
 
 Waugh Chapel, corner 4tli and A streets, east. 
 
 Providence Chapel, corner 2d and I streets. 
 
 Wesley Mission, corner 9th and S streets. 
 
 METHODIST PROTESTANT. 
 
 Ninth street, between E and F streets. 
 Virginia avenue, near Navy-yard. 
 
 METHODIST EPISCOPAL, SOUTH. 
 
 Mount Vernon Place, corner 9th and K streets. 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN. 
 
 First Church, 41 street, near C street. 
 New-York Avenue, N. Y. av. , bet. 13th and 14th streets. 
 Fourth Church, 9th street, near G street. 
 Assembly's, corner Mass. avenue and 5th street. 
 Sixth Church, 6th street, near Maryland avenue. 
 Western, H street, between 19th and 20th streets. 
 
56 CHURCHES. 
 
 Capitol Hill, 4th street, bet. B street and Penn. avenue. 
 Seventh Street, 7th street, between D and E streets. 
 North, N street, between 9th and 10th streets. 
 Central, 5th street, between D and E streets. 
 Reformed, 1st street, between N and O streets. 
 German Reformed, 6th and N streets. 
 
 EPISCOPAL. 
 
 Christ, G street, between 6th and 7th streets, east. 
 
 St. John's, corner 16th and H streets. 
 
 Trinity, corner 3d and C streets. 
 
 Epiphany, G street, between 13th and 14th streets. 
 
 Ascension, H street, between 9th and 10th streets. 
 
 Grace, D street, between 8th and 9th streets,- south. 
 
 Incarnation, corner N and 12th streets. 
 
 St. Paul's, corner 23d street and Penn. avenue. 
 
 St. Mark's, A street, between 2d and 3d streets, east. 
 
 ROMAN CATHOLIC. 
 
 St. Patrick's, corner 10th and F streets. 
 
 St. Peter's, 3d street, east. 
 
 St. Matthew's, corner 15th and H streets. 
 
 St. Mary's, 5th street, near H street. 
 
 St. Dominic's, corner 6th and F streets. 
 
 St. Aloysius, corner I and North-Capitol streets. 
 
 Immaculate Conception, corner N and 8th streets. 
 
 St. Stephen's, corner Penn. avenue and 25th street. 
 
 St. Joseph's, corner 2d and C streets. 
 
 BAPTIST. 
 
 First Church, 13th street, between G and H streets. 
 
 Second Cliurch, corner 4th street and Viri^inia avenue, east- 
 
 E Street Clmrch, E street, between 6th and 7th streets. 
 
 Fifth Cliurch, D street, near 4i street, soutli. 
 
 Calvary Church, corner of 8th and H streets. 
 
 Shiloh Church, (Old School,) Mass. av., bet. 9th and 10th sts. 
 
CHURCHES. 57 
 
 LUTHERAN. 
 
 St. Paul's, (English,) corner 11th and H streets. 
 Capitol Hill, (English,) corner 1st and C streets. 
 Memorial Chapel, (English,) cor. M and 14th sts. 
 
 . GERMAJ^ EVANGELICAL. 
 
 Trinity, corner 4th and E streets. 
 
 Zion's, M street, between 6tli and Tth streets. 
 
 St. John's, 4? street, Itiland. 
 
 , corner G and 20th streets. 
 
 HEBREW. 
 
 Washington Congregation, (Reformed,) 8th street, between 
 
 H and I streets. 
 Adas Israel Congregation, (Orthodox,) 4iJ6 Penn. avenue. 
 
 FRIENDS. 
 
 Orthodox Meeting-House, 13th street, bet. R and S streets. 
 Hicksite Meeting-House, I street, bet. 18th and 19th streets, 
 
 CONGREGATIONAL. 
 
 First Church, corner 10th and G streets. 
 
 UNITARIAN. 
 First Church, corner 6th and D streets. 
 
 CHRISTIAN. 
 Church, M street, between 9th and 10th streets. 
 
 NEW JERUSALEM. 
 Temple, North-Capitol street, between B and C streets. 
 
If 
 
 MILITARY CLOTHING. 
 
 Our extended experience in the manufacture of the finest uni- 
 form clothing tor 
 
 Officers of the Army and Navy, 
 
 CADET UXIFOilXS FOR THE NAYAL ACADEMY, 
 and for several of the leading State Universities and Colleges ; 
 
 Full and Fatigue Dress for the National Guard, 
 
 AND 
 
 IlDifoms for Boys' wear at Sctiool, 
 
 /has made us entirely familiar with every detail of this peculiar 
 business, and our determination to surpass all competition in the 
 style, durability, and economy of our 
 
 MILITARY WORK, 
 
 has been fully crowned with success. We claim to offer un- 
 equaled facilities for producing 
 
 Elegant and Durable Uniforms 
 
 of every description ; and we especially excel in all work requir- 
 ing gold lace, which we put upon the garments by a special pro- 
 cess, with remarkable exactness and brilliancy. 
 
 DEVLIN & CO., 
 
 No. 1113 Pennsylvania Avenue, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 459 and 461 Uroadtvay, corner Grand Street, 
 
 fi5S and fiOO Uroadwat/, corner Warren Street, 
 
 WEW-YOKK. 
 
VICINITY OF WASHINGTON. 59 
 
 THE 
 
 VICINITY OF WASHINGTON 
 
 is remarkably full of historic interest ; its landscape scenery- 
 is beautiful, and the drives around delic^htful. 
 
 To the north-east, about six miles from the city, is the vil- 
 lage of 
 
 BLAJ)ENSBURG, 
 
 interesting principally as a battle-ground in the war of 1812. 
 On the road are indications of lines of rifle-pits, heavy forti- 
 fications, and other marks of the late war. About four 
 miles out, is the '"old dueling-ground," made memorable 
 by the duels participated in by Senator Mason, Commodore 
 Decatur, Henry Clay, John Randolph, Midshipman Locke, 
 Doctor Johnson, A. J. Dallas, and many other prominent 
 characters. 
 
 FORTIFICATIONS. 
 
 About two miles outside of Washington, and completely 
 encircling the city, there was, during the war, a chain of for- 
 tifications, connected by a military road. There were- 
 more than fifty large forts, besides as many smaller batteries, 
 which mounted more than one thousand guns, many of them, 
 of the heaviest calibre. All of the fortifications on the 
 north and east sides have long since been dismantled, and 
 are now either grass-grown or leveled with the surrounding, 
 earth. 
 
 DRIVE TO THE NORTH. 
 
 The section of country immediately north of the city is- 
 full of interest. Driving out of the road north of the Capi- 
 tol, the beautiful cemetery of Glenwood is passed. Next 
 appears what was, during the war, the site of Harewood Hos- 
 pital, on the carefully-kept and elegant grounds of Mr. W.. 
 W. Corcoran. West from this is 
 
60 VICINITY OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 THE MILITARY ASYLUM, 
 
 or "Old Soldiers' Home," situated on an eminence com- 
 mandiug a grand and extensive view, and surrounded by 
 grounds of almost matchless beautj^ -vvhich are kept in per- 
 fect order by the infirm veterans of the army. The building 
 itself is handsome and commodious, and, during the sum- 
 mer months, the President and family have the privilege of 
 residing here. In the rear of the Asylum is a soldiers' ceme- 
 tery covering many acres, handsomely fenced in, beautifully 
 iind tenderly cared for, and ornamented with flower-beds, 
 •evergreens, shrubbery, and clinging vines. Here sleep 
 ithousands of those who, a few years ago, in all the vigor of 
 (manhood left home and kindred to pour out their life's 
 blood for the national defense. A simple head-board, 
 painted white, having inscribed on it in black letters the 
 name and rank, marks each grave. North of the Asylum is 
 the , 
 
 ROCK CREEK CHURCH, 
 
 n solemn-looking edifice, built in the time of Washington, 
 originally of brick brought from England, but since rebuilt 
 in more modern style and material. 
 
 BATTLE-GROUND. 
 
 From the Military Asylum and the Kock Creek Church a 
 drive of nearly a mile brings the sight-seer to the Seventh- 
 street road, and about two miles north is the spot where the 
 eonfiict occurred between the confederates and the Sixth 
 Army Corps. This was the nearest approach of the Southern 
 troops to the city during the war ; but, by the arrival of the 
 Sixth Corps, their march was staid. Their officers entertain- 
 ed themselves at Montgomery Blair's country residence, 
 " Crystal Spring," which is just inside the city limits, on the 
 Seventh-street road. Continuing the drive toward George- 
 town, on the Rock Creek road, the location of the proposed 
 public park is passed, which in natural beauty offers ex- 
 ceedingly rare advantages for the purpose. Taking the 
 Fourteenth-street road, the favorite drive on pleasant after- 
 
VICINITY OF WASIIIXGTOX. Gl 
 
 noons of the possessors of fast teams, passing Columbian 
 College and coiitinuing west by a way having scenery re- 
 markable for its rugged beauty, 
 
 GEORGETOWN, 
 
 Washington's twin city, is reached. It is three miles west 
 of the Capitol, and separated from the city of Washington 
 by Rock Creek, which is spanned by a beautiful iron bridge. 
 The city is located upon high ground, and commands a 
 beautiful prospect of the capital and the valley of the Po- 
 tomac. It is a port of entry, carries on a considerable trade, 
 and is the greatest shad and herring market in tlie United 
 States ; large quantities of these fish being caught in the Po- 
 tomac and brought here for barreling. The flouring busi- 
 ness is extensively carried on, and keeps about fifty mills 
 in constant operation. Manufacturing has lately become an 
 important interest ; the natural advantages for water-power 
 being so abundant as only to require a reasonable outlay of 
 capital to make them very profitable. The Chesapeake and 
 Ohio Canal is carried over the Potomac at this place, upon 
 an aqueduct 1-118 feet long and oG feet high, costing in its 
 construction two millions of dollars. The canal extends to 
 Cumberland, a distance of 181 miles, through a country 
 teeming with mineral products. The entire cost of the 
 work was $12,000,000. There are eight churches in the city, 
 two banks, a college, a nunnery, and several hotels. 
 
 LITTLE FALLS. 
 Three miles westward from Georgetown the Potomac 
 forms a succession of cascades, designated the "Little 
 Falls." The river at this point is exceedingly beautiful, and 
 will abundantly reward the artist who shall properly deli- 
 neate it. A substantial bridge here crosses the turbulent 
 stream to the Virginia shore, and from it a drive of fifteen 
 miles through an interesting hill and forest country leads 
 to the 
 
 GREAT FALLS. 
 This romantic water-fall is a sublime specimen of the 
 wildest mood of nature. Tlirough jagged barriers of rock, 
 6 
 
62 VICINITY OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 the river forces its -svay with great veliemeiice. The entire 
 scene is wild in the extreme, and exhibits the caprices of na- 
 ture on a o-rand and beautiful scale. 
 
 From this point of the river the water used by the people 
 of Washing-ton is conveyed to the city by means of the 
 
 WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 
 
 This vast enterprise has cost nearly three millions of 
 dollars. Some conception of its construction may be 
 had from the following* official description of the country 
 through which it passes: "The traveler ascending the 
 banks of the Potomac from Georgetown to the Great Falls 
 would conclude that a more unpromising region for the con- 
 struction of an aqueduct could not be found. Supported 
 by high walls against the face of jagged and vertical preci- 
 pices, in continual danger of being undermined by the foam- 
 ing torrent which boils below, the canal (the Chesapeake 
 and Ohio) is a monument of the energy and daring of our 
 engineers. The route appears to be occupied, and no mode 
 of bringing in the water, except by iron pipes secured to 
 the rocks or laid in the bed of the canal, seems practicable; 
 Such were my own impressions ; and though I knew that in 
 this age, with money, any achievement of engineering was 
 possible, I thought the survey would be needed only to de- 
 monstrate by figures and measures the extravagance of such 
 a work. But when the levels were applied to the ground, I 
 found, to my surprise and gratilication, that the rocky pre- 
 cipices and difficult passages were nearly all below the line 
 which, allowing a uniform grade, would naturally be select- 
 ed for our conduit ; and that, instead of demonstrating the 
 extravagance of the proposal, it became my dutj' to devise 
 a work presenting no considerable difficulties, and affording 
 no opportunities for the exhibition of any triumphs of 
 science and skill." 
 
 There are, in all, upon this work eleven tunnels, some of 
 them many hundred feet in length, and six bridges. The 
 most remarkable of these is the bridge that spans a small 
 tributary of the Potomac, called the Cabin John Creek, by a 
 
VICINITY OF WASHIXGTOX. 63 
 
 single arch, two liunclrecl and twenty feet in span, and one 
 hundred feet high. The receiving-regervoir is formed by 
 throwing a dam across a small stream known as the Powder- 
 Mill or Little Falls branch. The dam is of pounded earth, 
 and floods above flf ty acres, making a reservoir of irregular 
 shape, containing, at a level of one hundred and forty feet 
 above high-tide, 82,521,500 gallons. The water leaves it at a 
 distance of three thousand feet from the point Avhere it en- 
 ters, and, in slowly passing across this pool, which deepens 
 to thirty or forty feet near the exit, deposits most of its 
 sediment. The Powder-Mill branch supplies two or three 
 millions of gallons of pure water daily to the reservoir. 
 Tlie Great Falls of the Potomac, from whence the supply 
 of water is obtained, are nineteen miles distant. 
 
 The conduit is nine feet in dimensions, and discharges 
 67,596,4:00 gallons in twenty -four hours. Some idea of the 
 magnitude of the enterprise may be formed by comparing 
 the statement above given with the fact that the Croton 
 aqueduct supplies 37,000,000 gallons, and Philadelphia and 
 Boston are only respectively guaranteed 15,000,000 and 
 10,176,570 gallons during the same period. 
 
 ARLINGTON. 
 
 This magnificent estate, formerly the property of George 
 Washington Parke Custis, is situated directly opposite 
 Washington, on the south bank of the Potomac. It be- 
 came the property of the Lee family by inheritance, and, at 
 the beginning of the late war, was the residence of Colonel 
 Robert E. Lee, afterward so prominent in the confederate 
 military service. The place is rich in historic memories of 
 the past that make it a point df special interest, Avhich is 
 greatly enhanced by the events of the late war that centred 
 here, and by the present conditions and surroundings of the 
 place. 
 
 During the recent war the buildings were used for military 
 purposes, and the grounds frequently for militar}^ camps ; 
 but having been subsequently bought by the government, 
 at a tax-sale, it has been devoted to public uses. The 
 
G-t VICINITY OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Frcedmen's Bureau has maintained here a large number of 
 infirm and helpless emancipated slaves, and the renowned 
 Freedmen's village has come into existence on the property. 
 A portion of the land is devoted to an extensive cemetery, 
 where there are nearly 15,000 soldiers buried. Under a 
 granite monument near the entrance to the cemetery lie 
 the bodies of 2111 unknown soldiers who fell at Bull Run 
 and on the route to the Rappahannock, and who could never 
 be identified. Each grave, 9000 in all, is marked with a 
 neat head-board bearing the name of the deceased, and a 
 register in the office of the superintendent gives further in- 
 formation. 
 
 THE LONG BRIDGE 
 
 connects Washington with the Virginia shore at a point 
 between Arlington and Alexandria. The vicinity of these 
 places still retains many vestiges of the war, some of the 
 fortifications being maintained in military order, 
 
 ALEXAKDRIA 
 
 is seven miles distant from Washington, with which city 
 there is a constant communication by steamboat and rail- 
 road. 
 
 In the latter part of his life, George Washington was a 
 pew-holder of Christ Church, in this city, and many remi- 
 niscences of that great man are preserved in the records of 
 this ancient church, and also in the archives of W^ashington 
 Lodge, No. 23, of Free and Accepted Masons, also located 
 here. Alexandria is connected with Georgetown and the 
 West by a canal, and a considerable manufacturing business 
 is carried on. 
 
 About seven miles south of Alexandria is 
 
 MOUNT VERNON, 
 
 once the home, and now the resting-place, of the immortal 
 Washington.' The estate is now the property of "The 
 Women's Mount Vernon Association." 
 Tlie tomb contains the remains of Washington and his 
 
OFFICIAL ETIQUETTE. 65 
 
 wife Martha, and is a plain brick structure, having in front 
 an iron-grating door, through wliich may be seen the sarco- 
 phagi inclosing the remains. The mansion contains many 
 liistorical relics, among which may be mentioned the key of 
 the Bastile, presented by La Fayette, portions of the military 
 and personal furniture of Washington, family portraits and 
 musical instruments, etc. Steamboats run from Washing- 
 ton to Mount Vernon daily ; a portion of the passage-money 
 is devoted to the care and support of the buildings and 
 grounds. This is tlie only money received from the people 
 for this object. 
 The Mount Vernon steamboats stop at 
 
 FORT WASHINGTON, 
 
 on the opposite side of the river, aljout six miles from 
 Alexandria. It was built in 1812, and strongly fortified dur- 
 ing the late war. 
 
 OFFICIAL ETIQUETTE. 
 
 The following code of official etiquette is generally re- 
 cognized : 
 
 The President. — Business calls are received at all times and 
 hours, when the President is disengaged ; the morning 
 hours arc preferred." Special days and evenings are assigned 
 each season for calls of respect; one morning and evening a 
 week being usually designated for this purpose. 
 
 Receptions, which all persons are privileged to attend, are 
 held during tlie winter season, generally once a week, be- 
 tween eight and ten o'clock in the evening ; at which guests 
 are expected in full dress, and are presented by the usher. 
 
 The President holds a public reception on the first of 
 
 January, when the Diplomatic Corps ]3resent tlieniselves in 
 
 court costume, and the officers of the Army and Navy in full 
 
 uniform. Tlie Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches 
 
 6* 
 
66 OFFICIAL ETIQUETTE. 
 
 of the Government are received between tlie hours of eleven 
 and twelve, after which the Diplomatic Corps, officers of 
 the Army and Nav}', and civilians en masse. 
 
 The President accepts no invitations to dinner, and makes 
 no calls or visits of ceremony ; hut is at liberty to visit, 
 without ceremony, at his pleasure. 
 
 An invitation to dinner at the President's must be accept- 
 ed in writing, and a previous engagement can not take pre- 
 cedence. 
 
 The address of the Executive, in conversation, is Jlr. 
 President. 
 
 The Vice-P)'csicknt. — A visit from the Vice-President is due 
 the President on the meeting of Congress. The Vice-Presi- 
 dent is entitled to the first visit from all others, which he 
 may return by card or in person. 
 
 The Supreme Court. — The Judges call upon the President 
 and Vice-President annually, upon the opening of the 
 court and on the first day of January. 
 
 The Cabinet. — Members of the President's Cabinet call 
 upon the President on New Year's day. First calls are also 
 due from them, by card or in person, to the Vice-President, 
 Judges of the Supreme Court, Senators, and the Speaker of 
 the House of Representatives, on the meeting of Congress. 
 
 The Senate. — Senators call in person upon the President 
 and Vice-President on the meeting of Congress and first day 
 of January. They also call in person, or by card, upon the 
 Judges of the Supreme Court and the Speaker of the House 
 of Representatives, on the meeting of Congress. 
 
 The Speaker of the Ilonse of Bepresentatives. — The Speaker 
 calls upon the President on the meeting of Congress and 
 the first day of January. The first call is also due from him 
 to the Vice-President, on the meeting of Congress. 
 
 The House of Hepresentatii'cs. — Members of the House of 
 Representatives call in person upon the President on the 
 first day of January, and upon the Speaker of the House at 
 the opening of each session. They also call, by card or in 
 person, upon the President, Vice-President, Judges of the 
 Supreme Court, Cabinet Officers, Senators, Speaker of the 
 
OFFICIAL ETIQUETTE. 67 
 
 House, and Forei<^ii Ministers, soon after tlie opening of 
 each session of Congress. 
 
 Foreign Ministers. — The Diplomatic Corps call upon the 
 President on the first day of January, and upon the Vice- 
 President, Cabinet Officers, Judges of the Supreme Court, 
 Senators, and Speaker of the House, by card or in person, 
 on the first opportunity after presenting tlieir credentials to 
 the President. They also make an annual call of ceremony, 
 by card or in person, upon the Vice-President, Judges of 
 the Supreme Court, Senators, and Speaker of the House, 
 soon after the meeting of Congress. 
 
 The Court of Claims. — The Judges of the Court of Claims 
 call in person upon the President on the first day of Janu- 
 ary and the Fourth of July. They also make first visits to 
 Cabinet Officers and the Diplomatic Corps, and call, by card 
 or in person, upon the Judges of the Supreme Court, Sena- 
 tors, Speaker and members of tlie House, soon after the 
 meeting of Congress. 
 
 The Families of Officials. — The rules which govern officials 
 arc -also applicable to their families, in determining the con- 
 duct of social intercourse. 
 
 Any individual, having legitimate business with any de- 
 partment, or any official from the President downv.'ard, Avill 
 find that all reasonable requests are met with the utmost po- 
 liteness. From the highest to the lowest, the conduct of the 
 officials at the seat of government is regulated by a code of 
 courtesy which is based upon the recognized sovereignty o 
 the people. No fees are needed to procure access to the 
 President or the chiefs of departments during the hours set 
 apart for the approach of the public. If a document hais 
 been filed away in some dusty pigeon-hole for half a centu- 
 ry, and you are entitled to peruse it, although it may require 
 several days of labor, the proper officer will, in due time, 
 produce it for your inspection. Nothing opposes the en- 
 trance of tlic humblest citizen ; and patience seems to be 
 the universal characteristic of every employee. Perhaps it 
 may not be out of place to suggest, that an equal courtesy 
 requires the visitor to avoid an unnecessary consumption 
 
08 
 
 OFFICIAL ETIQUETTE. 
 
 of piibli3 time, hx requesting; what can not be given, or 
 asking questions wliieli ean not be answered. 
 
 Tlie general laws for social etiquette are the same every- 
 Avhcre, and are expressed in the terms, j^olitcness and good 
 hreeding ; and it is only necessary to observe these rules to 
 insure proper conduct at public and private receptions. 
 
MODE OF MEASUREMENT. 
 
 y^s=^ 
 
 1. Size of neck at 1. 
 
 2. Length of shirt from 2. 
 
 u. Length of sleeve from 3 to 4 
 and 5 and 6. 
 
 4. Across breast from 7 to 8. 
 
 5. Around the breast. 
 
 6. Around the waist. 
 
 State whether with or without coUur 
 
 We are the sole Manufacturers of the above Shirt, which is 
 without an equal for ease and elegance of fit. Orders filled from 
 stock ready made, or to order if desired. Information by mail 
 forwarded promptly when requested. 
 
 i>ii:vT^iiv «fc CO., 
 
 Box No. 2256, P. O., New-York. 
 
 1113 I^'cnnsylvania Avenue, Washington, I). C. 
 
J. DEVLIN. 
 J. OGDEN. 
 
 ( S. W. JESS -p. 
 '/ E. C. OGDEN. 
 
 SPECIAL FEATURES. 
 
 The aim of our business has always been 
 
 TO SUPPLY THE BEST GOODS, 
 
 In Quality, Style, and Finish, 
 
 AT THE LEAST POSSIBLE PRICE. 
 
 By a liberal investment of capital, a lavish outlay of money to 
 
 secure the best ai-tistic talent in the production of our styles, and 
 
 unceasinp; eftbrt in obtaining the choicest febrics, we are enabled, 
 
 at all times, to display the most elegant stock in the country of 
 
 EEADY-MALE CLOTHING- 
 
 AND 
 
 PIECE-GOODS FOR CUSTOM ORDERS. 
 
 The advantages we thus offer arc fn) appreciated that the sales 
 of our goods continually increase, and under this stimulus we are 
 constantly enlarging our facilities for manufacturing, and improv- 
 ing the styles of our garments, it being our intention in the future, 
 as in the past, to 
 
 Lead the Fashions for Gentlemen's Dress. 
 
 No 
 
 Our Store in Washington is 
 113 PENNSYLVANBA AVENUE 
 
DIRECTIONS FOR MEASURING. 
 
 COAT. 
 
 Length, from 1 to 2 and 3. 
 
 Arm, 4 to 5 and 6. 
 
 Around the breast, under the 
 
 coat, 7. 
 Around the waist, under the 
 
 coat, 8. 
 Height, — feet — inches. 
 Weight, — lbs. 
 
 VEST. 
 
 Length, from 1 to 13, with 
 last two coat measures. 
 
 PANTS. 
 
 Outside seam from top of waist- 
 band, 10. 
 ^Inside leg seam, from crotch, 
 12. 
 
 Around the waist, under the coat, 8. 
 Around the hips, under the coat, 14. 
 
 By the above system, measures may be taken for Clothing to be 
 supplied either ready-made or to order. We give especial atten- 
 tion to orders by this method, and are always happy to respond 
 to requests for prices or other information. 
 
 DEVLIN & CO., 
 
 Box 2256, P. O., 
 
 NEW-YORK. 
 
^ 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 JllliMli lil illil 
 
 014 440 811 1 #