Oass Fi*rQ Book - f / ,iA (*^> w^**' / N» INDEX ON LAST PAGE. HARLESTON. West Virginia. NGLE COPY $1 CLUB RATE 50 CTS. 1 / 1 1 THE CENTURY CHRONICLE, DEVOTED TO THE CAPITAL CITY, ITS HISTORY, RESOURCES AND NATURAL ADVANTAGES. Compiled Under the Auspices OF THE Charleston Chamber of Commerce, ii Charleston, West Virginia. 1901. Don't fail to read the "Summary" and marked pages. ./ *V West Virginia Capital Building. East from Carr's Lookout, S. Charleston Charleston Century Chronicle. Ex-Governor G. W. Atkinson published a carefully compiled history of Kanawha county in 1876; the now venerable Dr. J. P. Hale, for sixty years a resident of Charleston, published a volume entitled the "Trans-Allegneny Pioneers" in 1886, and a recompilation of this, with addi- tions, in 1891, entitled "History of the Great Kanawha Valley;" together with an illustrated volume on "Charleston and Its Resources," by J. C. Tipton, in 1898. From these, as well as the files of Char- leston's newspapers, the City Directory, by R. L. Polk & Co., the official records of the state, county, municipality or other public institutions, our compiler will freely copy or condense without fur- ther credit, and to the above gentlemen, as well as to any others who have aided in this undertaking, our sincere thanks are hereby extended. Charleston Settled. This place was permanently settled May 1, 1788, by George Clendennin and others, and in 1794 Charleston was in- corporated by the Virginia Legislature. We have just entered the twentieth cen- tury, and for all practical purposes this town was commenced with the nine- teenth, as 100 years ago there were not above a dozen houses here, and the Cham- ber of Commerce have thought this to be ain opportune time to sum up the work of the past one hundred years, record his- torical data, in a convenient form for preservation and give a comprehensive sketch of the advantages and surround- ings of this city, void of the usual exces- sive personal effusions which so often characterize sketch editions. The Adver- tising Committee of the Chamber of Com- merce has been chosen to supervise the subject matter of this pamphlet, and while as a whole the book is designed to show for the Charleston's superior advan- tages as a commercial and industrial cen- ter, this is a plain matter-of-fact descrip- tion and is not in any sense a boom edi- tion. More than an hundred photograv- eurs are given to prove our solid archi- tectural advancement and to show forth some of the beauties of nature in this vicinity. The committee has confidence that the unvarnished facts, combined with its own natural advantages, are sufficient to secure the continued growth and pros- perity of Charleston, especially as its material interests are now largely in the hands of astute, pushing men. Up to 1870 Charleston may properly have been termed a slow town, for at that time it had but 3,162 inhabitants; but its bound- less surroundings of biack-diamonds, oil and gas in close proximity, timber in abundance, rich valleys for agriculture and hill lands for grazing, excellent trans- portation facilities by river and rail, are the foundations required to bring diversi- fied manufacturing and are sufficient rea- sons why the place has quadrupled within the past thirty years. These reasons will continue to assist in rearing the fine superstructure of an industrial center so long as guided by the liberal and yet withal conservative spirit which now dominates her principal interests. — 3 — The Chamber of Commerce. No place can afford to depend long upon natural advantages alone, for the most favored location without the spirit of push and enterprise, will surely lose its percentage of growth, while an in- ferior place, with decided business energy, may soon lead its more favored rival in the race. Charleston's progressive busi- ness men took the proper action last Oc- tober, by the incorporation of the Cham- ber of Commerce, which is officered as follows: Charles Capita, President; Charles K. Payne, Vice-President; Charles Loeb, Secretary; J. L. Dickinson, Treas- urer; W. S. Lewis, F. N. Staunton, R. G. Hubbard, E. A. Barnes and Philip Frank- enberger, with the above officers, as direc- tors. President Capito is proprietor of a wholesale house and a director in the Kanawha National Bank; Vice-President Payne Is senior member of the Payne Shoe Company, the largest of its kind in the State outside of Wheeling; Secretary Loeb, manager of itlhe Loeb Shoe Com- pany, served for several years in the City Council, and Treasurer Dickinson is the cashier of the Kanawha Valley Bank, the oldest financial institution in Charles- ton. Directors Barnes and Frankenberger are directors in the Charleston National Bank, while among the membership are officers of the Citizens' National Bank ana numerous other proprietors of business and industrial concerns. We condense the following facts regarding the city and Chamber of Commerce from the Man- ufacturers' Record, published at Balti- more, January 10th, 1901: "Among the cities of the Middle South which are now moving rapidly to the front in the industrial and commercial worlds, none is more conspicuous than Charleston, W. Va., the capital of the Mountain State. Nor is the rise of this city in the nature of a boom. It is solid, steady, substantial, the culminating at- tainment of a century of industry and perseverance. It is now 113 years since George Clendennin, the founder of Char- leston, and his associates purchased a tract of land, most of which is within the present city limits, and laid out forty lots. The next year, 1789, the village was made the capital of the county of Kana- wha, and in 1794, by an act of the Legis- lature of Virginia, it was incorporated as Charlestown. Later the w was dropped. The growth of the village was slow, though it gradually became moire and more important as a trading center. But as soon as the completion of the Chesa- peake and Ohio railroad opened up the Kanawha mining belt the rise of Charles- ton was assured. According to the re- turns of the last census, its population is 11,099. As the most important place in Kanawha county, it is realy the center of a population of over 54,696 in one county alone, while a dozen adjacent counties look to it as a distributing and business center. Charleston is situated on the north bank of the Great Kanawha river, at its confluence with the Elk. The latter stream waters fifty miles of the richest timber lands in the United States. Its hygienic and climatic conditions are most admirable. Like most cities, Charleston suffered from the financial and industrial panics of 1893 and in years succeeding in proportion to her previous prosperity. But the clouds that had darkened the finan- cial skies have broken, and the sun of prosperity is shining with its old-time brilliancy." C. C. C. Incorporated. The following extract rrom the appli- cation for a charter indicates the purposes of the Chamber of Commerce: "The un- dersigned agree to become a corporation by the name of the Charleston Chamber of Commerce for the purpose of the col- lection and preservation of statistical in- formation connected with the commerciil and manufacturing interests of the city of Charleston; promoting just and equita- 4 ble principles in trade, establishing uni- formity in the commercial usages of said city; settling differences speedily and without litigation, and promoting the gen- eral progress and prosperity of the com- munity, and for that purpose desire au- thority to purchase, hold, lease, sell and convey real property to the value of two thousand five hundred dollars. "Conditions point to the continued pre- eminence of Charleston, the capital, among the live and beautiful cities of West Virginia, and every step taken in its progress is interesting, in view of the splendid prospects that lie before it. In 1900 some of the business concerns in Charleston did 100 per cent, more busi- ness than in the year before, many show- ing a gain of 75 per cent, and very few less than 25 per cent. Some further refer- ence to the natural advantages of Charles- ton will be of interest. On all sides of the city are scattered collieries from which are sent forth some of the finest coals mined in the United States. Two railroads, the Chesapeake and Ohio and the Kanawha and Michigan, afford for it an outlet, while the Great Kanawha river, with its wonderful system of locks and dams, affords an additional and cheap outlet now available all the year round. The timber wealth of the Elk valley has already been alluded to. There are simi- lar stretches on Coal river, which is only a few miles from Charleston, and along other streams in the vicinity. More than this, Charleston is the center of a natural gas field which is just opening up, and which offers great attractions to manu- facturing industries seeking new loca- tions. There are evidences, too, of oil, and many oil men are of the opinion that Charleston lies in the great oil belt that is now opening up in this State. In addi- tion to the two railroads alluded to, there is a third, the Charleston, Clendennin and Sutton, which, when completed, at no distant date, will bring Charleston into close communication with Pittsburg and make it the business center of all portions of West Virginia south of the Little Kanawha river." Along the Kanawha — South*Side. Design of this Chronicle. The design of the board in promoting this issue is to present in a concise and reliable manner all of the material fea- tures of progress and prospect, with a brief mention of the principal persons and firms who are active workers, that the special advantages of Charleston ooaay be made known to the world. Much time and labor has been spent in the endeavor to make this small volume a true chroni- cle of facts and figures. A perusal of these pages and a glance at the illustra- tions will give to even the casual reader some idea of the commercial and indus- trial interests now in operation, the beau- tiful homes and picturesque surrounding scenery, the transportation facilities and the probabilities of still greater develop- ments, some of which are now projected and are almost certain to materialize in the near future. That this edition may accomplish the good sought by the Cham- ber of Commerce, in advertising the Ka- nawha valley, the cordial co-operation of every business man is requested, so that a widespread distribution of our advan- tages may be made known; and it is be- lieved that every progressive firm will heartily assist in the good work of let- ting the light of the city and county shine abroad, to bring many additional permanent industries to this vicinity, and open up the immense up-river coal fields. In describing this section we shall con- sider it to embrace the counties of Kana- wha, Mason, Fayette and Putnam, ex- tending from the junction of New and Gauley rivers to the confluence of the Kanawha with the Ohio at Point Pleas- ant. This valley, quite narrow in its upper portion, gradually widens until it is more than two miles in width near the mouth of the Kanawha. Along its upper part it has many wild and grand hills and dells; but the soil is a rich alluvial ana well adapted to grazing and agricultural pursuits. A Pre**Historic Race. With the many things which we design to present in this volume we shall only have room for the more important facts and dates and shall omit all, excepting the very important points, where they Mouth of Elk— West Charleston in the Distance. — 6 _ are already preserved in convenient his-' tory. The Kanawha Valley is full of in- terest for the student of American his- tory, both present and remote. Long be- fore the Cherokee Indians, of whom we have record, .roamed through this section it is believed to have been inhabited by a superior people, of whom not even a tradition remains, whose only monuments are earthworks and tumuli, scattered here and there, in some places containing bones from men of gigantic size. Whe- ther these were distinct from the Indian race or not, we may never know, but it .is probable that they were a division of the half-civilized race from which the Mexican Aztecs descended. Relics from these "Mound Builders" were formerly abundant throughout this valley, but when and by what agency the people be- came extinct so far remains as deep a mystery as that of the lost island of "Atlantis." Cherokee Indians. When the Kanawha Valley first be- came known to the English it was tin hunting grounds of the Cherokees, a cribe equal in power to the Iroquois, who re- mained practically in undisputed posses- sion of this section till near the close of the eighteenth century. Governor Berk- ley, of Virginia, opened a trade with them, west of the Blue Ridge, in 1667 and something more was learned regarding the tribe from Daughtery, a trapper who remained with them for some months in 1690. In 1693 a score of Cherokee chiefs visited the Ashley settlement in South Carolina to proffer friendship, but in con- sequence of white aggression the Indians became hostile early in the eighteenth century. A treaty was made with the Cherokees by South Carolina in 1721. The Eighteenth Century. Very little was known regarding the interior of America in the seventeenth century or before. To be sure the Spanish explorer, DeSoto, had crossed from Flor- ida to some place on the upper Mississippi 1539-41, and the French Chevalier de La- Salle, from Canada to the mouth of the Ohio in 1669; but there were no settle- ments, worthy of mention, made by the English, excepting along the Atlantic ccast or tributary rivers, until about the time of the Revolutionary war. Colonel A. Wood, who discovered New river in 1654, was perhaps the first Englishman to penetrate west of the Blue Ridge. Captain Batte crossed in 1666, but there was no attempt to colonize the country until the Draper-Ingles settlement at Drapers Meadows in 1748. In 1749 Cap- tain deCeleron and staff planted lead an plates at Franklin on the Allegany, and near the mouth of the principal streams that flow into the Ohio, claiming all the country watered by said streams for France, by virtue of Lasalle's discoveries. West Virginia was surveyed by Peter Fontaine in 1752, who, discovering these plates at the mouths of the Kanawha and the Muskingum, reported the same to Governor Dinwiddie, and he in '53 dis- patched George Washington to the com- mandant of Ft. LeBeouf, now Waterford, Erie county, Pa., demanding the immedi- ate vacation of all this country to the colonial rights of Virginia. Washington came, with John Davidson, Jacob Van- Brahm and Chris. Giest, to Mingoe, an Indian village on the Ohio, where he "fee- cured guides for the perilous northern journey, and proceeded to the fort, but his request was politely refused, and this led to the French-Indian war of 1753-4. A settlement was made at Ingles' Ferry in '54 and at several other places in that section. The massacre at Drapers Mead- ows occurred in '55; lead mines discovered on New river in '56; Indian raid at Ingles' Ferry. '60; Archibald Clendennln settled on Muddy Creek, Greenbrier county, '63; Matthew Arbuckle floated down the Ka- 7 — nawha to Point Pleasant '64; Butler, Carr and others settled on the Clinch and Blue Stone '64. Colonel A. Donnally, Colonel John Stewart and Captain Jarrett each located forts and homes in Greenbrier county in '71-2. Kenton, Y eager and Strader located at Two Mile creek, on Elk, in 1771, hut two years later Yeager was killed by Indians and his compan- ions were driven away. Numerous set- tlers located lin the Kanawha valley in '74, but ihe Indians proving hostile, the army of General Lewis was marched through to Point Pleasant, arriving Sep- tember 30th, and on October 10th the memorable battle of that place was fought, in which 53 soldiers were killed and 87 wounded, while the Indian loss was much greater. Chiefs Cornstalk and Elinipsico, while on a mission of peace to Ft. Randolph, at Pt. Pleasant, were murdered '77; wagon road ordered from Kanawha Falls to Lexington, Ky., '87; George Clendennin built the first house on the site of Charleston in May, '88; the hostile Indians threatened the little settlement in '89, and Ann Pailey made a brave ride on horseback to secure am- munition and reinforcements. Leonard Porter and William Cooper settled on Elk, '90. The Nineteenth Century. 1808 David and Tobias Ruffner bored the first salt well and commenced the manufacture of salt; '9 William Whitaker opened a salt well on tne south side of the Kanawha; '15, Captain James Wilson, while boring for salt, struck gas; '17, Ruffner's opened a coal bank; '19, steam- boat Robert Thompson came up to Red House shoals; '20, Legislature of Virginia passed the river improvement bill; '20, the Andrew Donally was first steamboat to reach Charleston; '38, the first bridge built at Ingles; '41, William Thompson struck natural gas and utilized it for boiling brine; '43, Dickinson & Shrews- berry struck gas on the Washington tract at Burning Springs; '41, macadam pike built from Buchanan, on James river, to the Tennessee line; '46, Sutton Math- ews found cannel coal on Falling Rock creek, of Elk; '55, Virginia and Tennes- see, now Norfolk and Western railroad, opened; '56, coal oil works erected at Oannelton, to distil petroleum from coal; '61, battle of Scary fought, July 17th; July 24th Confederate General Wise re- tired and Union General J. D. Cox came; September, battle of Cross Lanes and Car- nifax Ferry, on the Gauley, General Lytle wounded; '63, Confederates under Gen- eral Loring re-entered the Kanawha Val- ley, in September, the Federals under General Lightburn refining; October, Gen- eral Loring retired and General Cox re- took the valley; '63, June 20th, West Vir- ginia declared a State; '64, battle of Oloyd's Mountain, in Pulaski county, May 9th General A. G. Jenkins killed; '73, C. and O. railroad opened and perma- nent improvement 'Commenced on the Kanawha, the Quinnemont Co. erected an iron furnace and coke works on New river; '74, centennial observed at Point Pleasant; '78, first coke works built on the Kanawha; '83, New river branch of N. and W. opened to Pocahontas; '83-4, Colonel P. W. Norris made scientific ex- ploration of the mounds of this valley for Smithsonian Institute; '84, Bettie Black- band Iron Furnace and Davis Creek rail- road constructed; in March a mine ex- plosion at Pocahontas, in which over 100 lives were lost, Ohio Central, now K. and M., was opened; '85, State capital relo- cated here and enlarged Capitol building occupied; '87, Ohio River railroad bridge built across the Kanawha at Point Pleas- ant; '90, steel bridge built across the Kanawha at Charleston. Other important events will be found under their respec- tive neadings. State of West Virginia. What is now this State in 1800 con- tained a population of 78,592; in '20, of 136,808; '40, of 224,537; '60, of 376,688; '80, of 618,443, and in 1900 it recorded 958,800. When Virginia seceded from the Union, in 1861, the loyal sons of the western sec- tion called a convention at Wheeling, to consider the advisability of creating a new State and delegates were in attend- ance from 39 of the western counties, in June of that year. An election was or- dered to be held in October, when these counties voted to have the new State named Kanawha and a constitution was prepared, which was ratified by the people in May, 1862. At that time the loyal gov- ernment of Virginia was holding a ses- sion at Alexandria, while the seceders were quartered at Richmond. Upon the name being changed to West Virginia and certain other amendments made, the former consented to a separation and West Virginia became a State June 19th, 1863. This young State sent quite a large force to the Confederate ranks and to the Union army 26,540 mea. In January, '66, the counties of Jefferson and Berkley, upon the Potomac, were added to the State, making 52, since whicn three have been created, now giving a total of 55. The progress of the State in education, commerce, railroads, moral and religious advancement has more than kept pace with its rapid increase in population, which shows the remarkable gain of 55 per cent, for the past twenty years. Topography. West Virginia lies in the central part, of the eastern half of the United States, upon the western slope of the Appalach- ian range, comprising a part of the upper Ohio Valley. It is very irregular in shape, being principally bounded by mountains and rivers. It forms the divide between the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico, the northern portion draining via Potomac into the Chesapeake. It has an area of 23,000 square miles, consider- able of the State being fertile and all well watered and drained. The Blue Ridge is rugged, but interspersed with numerous narrow fertile valleys. Upon the western border of the mountains comes the "Hilly Region," in which more than View From South Charleston. twenty knobs rise above 2,200 feet in height. Panther Knob, in Pendleton county, rises 4,000 feet above the sea and the others to various distances below. The streams flow towards the Ohio and along most of these are gentle slopes which make excellent grazing and agri- cultural lands. The Ohio side of the State is drained by Fashing Creek, Middle Is- land Greek, Little Kanawha, Great Ka- nawha, Guyandotte, Big Sandy and Tug Fork. There are no lakes worthy of mention, but the canons and valleys, mountain peaks, rivers, streams and springs make pleasant and healthful at- tractions for tourists and health seekers. Geology, Ores, Etc. Eozoic rocks crop out on the eastern edge of the State followed by lower Silu- rian limestone and Hudson river shales, and these by Medina sandstone, which forms the summit rocks of the mountain region. Lower Hadderberg limestone, the Clinton and Onondaga groups follow. The Oreskany sandstones form some of the arches and natural bridges. Hanging Rocks, near Romney, is the crown of the western ridge of the mountains, while the Hamilton and Portage shales overlie the sandstone in the mountain slopes around Sulphur Springs. Next comes the Che- mung and Catskill soft sandsitones, the carboniferous and sub-carboniferous strata, covering all the western part of the State and making the diluvial or alluvial soil of the river bottoms. West Virginia covers a prominent part of the Appalachian coal measures, which com- prises all varieties of bituminous coal, in easily worked veins, a large share of the best mines being found along the Great Kanawha and its branches. In addition to the boundless supply of coal, the State has red and brown haema- tite ores, black manganiferous carbonates, red and brown oxides, Olyphant blue lump, &c. The salt veins of + ihe Kana- wha have an excellent reputation, furnish salt with great strength of penetration and free from sulphate of lime. Both the light and heavy grades of petroleum are extensively produced in the western part of the State and have been known from the early days of salt-boring, the Creel well having marketed above $20,000 of oil, through Bosworth, Wells & Co., of Marietta, O., (prior to Drake's discovery of petroleum in Pennsylvania. There is plenty of building and other grades of limestone, fire and potter's clay, glass- sand, ochre, barytes, manganese, salt peter and other minerals. Several noted sulphur springs are found in this vicin- ity and with the salubriousness of the climate, sanitariums or tourists' homes, properly conducted, would undoubtedly prove a success. The Salt Interest. The Kanawha Valley has gained a wiLde reputation throughout the United States from its early and important operations in salt. This led up to the development of coal, oil and gas, which have now largely superseded salt, but we chronicle the past of salt as a matter of hisiiory. The salt spring or lick, above Charleston, was known by the animals and Indians, perhaps hundreds of years ago, and in 1755 Mrs. Mary Ingles and young Bettie Draper, who had been taken captives by the Shawnee Indians, after the massacre at Drapers Meadows, were halted by them at this place, -where water flrom the spring was boiled down to salt and some of the precious saline carried with them to the Seio Valley. Joseph Ruffner purchased 502 acres around the spring in 1785 and ten years later moved from tue Shenan- doah Valley here. In 1797 he leased salt privileges to Elisha Brooks, who erected the first salt furnace here. This consisted of two' rows each of a dozen kettles, built in a flue, with chimney. The elder Ruff- ner died in 1803 and the work was con- tinued by his sons, David and Joseph, — 10 — Jr. In the early years ot 1800 salt was largely imported from .Liverpool or made at Onondaiga, N. Y., and then brought 8 to 10 cents per pound here; but David Ruffner in 1808, after great difficulty, suc- ceeded in drilling through 40 feet of rock and at a depth of 58 feet from the sur- face, about 800 yards south of Campbell's creek, secured a good supply of bnine and brought the price of salt down one- half. His neighbors at once bored for salt, and this soon became a leading in- dustry of the Kanawha, the later wells having been .drilled from 500 to 1,000 feet in depth. By 1817 there were 30 furnaces, pioducing 700,000 bushels of salt annual- ly. The first well, with its 'bucket and sweep, soon gave way to circular horse- power, and this, in 1828, to the steam pump for lifting the bnine. The slips, or jars, as they are now generally called in the oil regions, used in deep boring, were invented by Billy Morris, of Charleston. In 1815 Captain Jas. Wilson bored for salt near the Clendennin block house and struck natural gas. Many of the early salt wells here con- tained petroleum, but its commercial value was then unrecognized and its flow into the river gave to the Kanawha the name of "Old Greasy." In 1841 William Tompkins at Burning Springs struck na- tural gas, which was used for fuel in evaporating brine. The furnaces here ranged in capacity from 25,000 bushels per annum to the magnitude of Joseph Friend & Son's, which produced 100,000 bushels per year. In 1835 George H. Pat- rick, of Onondaiga, introduced the cast- iron evaporating pans, which, with a sys- tem of steam pipes and settling bins, are much the same as those in use to-day. The first shipments of salt from the Ka- nawha by flat-boat, commenced in 1808, increasing from year to year until it reached above a million bushels in '32; 2,000,000 in '43; 3,000,000 in '46, at about which point it stood for nve years, when it began to decline, holding at from one to two million bushels till 1875, when on account of stronger brine at Pomeroy and Saginaw it could be made cheaper else- Looking West on N. S. Virginia Street, — 11 — where, and by 1890 the productiiion had declined to 150,000 'bushels, made by J. Q. Dickinson's furnace, which still holds the field and continues to do a good busi- ness. Coal Development. Small veins of coal for blacksmithing had been opened here at an early day, and in 1817, when the surrounding hills had been mostly denuded of timber for wood, David Ruffner opened a good coal vein, and others from time to time did likewise, but the industry was of small value until the advent of the C. & O. R. R., and permanent improvements upon the navigation of the Kanawha river, since which time it has continued to in- crease from year to year until it now largely supersedes all others. The Kana- wha coal is among the best bituminous found, and the shipments have become extensive. The celebrated Canmel coal is found at Cannelton and other points on the Kanawha and up Elk and Coal rivers, while splint coal is abundant at Fields, Paint, Armstrongs and other creeks in this vicinity, and a heavy vein of steam coal is found up Kanawha Two Mile Creek but a few miles from the city; in fact, Kanawha and surrounding counties are largely underlaid with coal of an ex- cellent variety. First for salt and then for coal came the needs for cheap freights and the conse- quent improvements on the Kanawha. The early movers from the East built rafts at Hughes or Kelley's creeks and floated their families and effects to their destina- tions. From the small flatboat first used in transporting salt to market, larger craft were made until barges left Charleston with above 20,000 bu. of salt on board. Regarding the coal industry we extract the following from Governor Atkinson's message to the 1 Legislature, January, 1901: "Until 1896 the state of Ohio out- ranked our state, but for the present year we have distanced the state of Ohio by five million tons, and at the rate at which coal mining is increasing in the Mountain State it will be but a few years until our tonnage will be second only to Pennsyl- vania. Twenty-nine thousand men are employed at the mines in this state and hundreds of millions of dollars are invest- ed in coal plants. The daily tonnage of coal handled by the railroads in this Coal Fleet in Charleston Pool, — 12 — state, mined within this state, will make a freight train twenty miles long, which requires 100 locomotives to haul to mar- ket, provided no heavy grades are en- countered. The growth of this great in- dustry has attracted the attention of the world. West v irginia coal is known far and wide. More than a million tons of our coal reacned the Chicago market du ing tne past year. It is used in Mexico. South America, Italy, Philippines and Africa. As an illustration of its rapid rise in the state, we show the rank and out- put, as follows: Table. Rank 1 89 0— Tons. Pennsylvania 315 174 089 Illinois 12.104,272 Ohio 9,976,787 West Virginia 7,394,654 Rank 1900— Tons. 1 . Pennsylvania 75,000,000 2. Illinois 24.000,000. 3. West Virginia 22,000.000. 4. Ohio 17,000,0(0. Rank 1880-Tons. 1 . Pennsylvania 18,425.163 ; ?.. Illinois 6,115,377; 3. Ohio 6,008.595; 4. Maryland 2.228.917; 5. West Virginia 1,568,000; "West Virginia came from sixth place, and are now practically consummated, in 1870, to fifth in 1880; fourth in '90 and This assures the completion of a con- third place in '96, which it has since necting railroad between the Chesapeake safely held, and fell but 2,000,000 tons & Ohio and the Norfolk & Western. A short of second place in 1900. In 1870 the very practical line which has been sur- entire state production was but 608,878 veyed, and will probably be built in the tons, whereas one single mine produced a near future, is along the route of the greater amount last year, and the increase Charleston and Parkersburg turnpike, op- since 1896, when we gained third place, ening up a 9-foot vein of fine steam coal, is greater than the entire production was which has been traced from some distance in 1890." up the Elk to the Kanawha near Coal West Virginia coal and timber lands river. This route would require no tun- are rapidly going into the hands of capi- nels and but one bridge of importance, talists and the state is largely covered across Poca river, near Sissonsville. with leases or options. Early in the Along this line, five miles up Kanawha spring D. A. Nease, of New York, pur- Two Mile creek, a mine has been in oper- chased a tract of 6,500 acres for $150,000. ation for some time, and numerous other Projects for great coal combines have been fine fields could be easily tapped by it. actively progressing for some time past Suspension Bridge Across Elk. — 13 — The Kanawha River, In its grade of importance to this region doubtless the Great Kanawha stands first. It is a continuation of New river, which has its source between the Blue Ridge and the Smoky Range, in North Carolina, continuing to Kanawha Falls, two miles below its junction with the Gauley, from whence the stream is known as the Great Kanawha. The Urst boat to steam up this river was the Robert Thompson, in 1819, to Red House shoals. In December, '20, the Andrew Donnally arrived at Charles- ton. This led to the Virginia Legislature, 1S21-2, endorsing the James and Kanawha river improvement companies, designed 10 give a depth of three feet of water, the year round, to the Falls, 90 miles from the mouth of the Kanawha. The Eliza came to Charleston in '23; Fairy Queen, '24; Paul Pry, '26, which blew up in '28 ac Guyandotte; 0. H. Perry, '30, name changed to Daniel Webster. Capt. An- drew Ruffner built the Tiskelwah, at the mouth of the Elk river, that being the Indian name for the Elk, in 1832, and Summers Bros, the Texas, in '37. The Osecola came in '38; Ark in '43; Triumph, '46; Blue Ridge, '46, which exploded her boilers two years later, killing several persons. In '51 Ruffner, Donnally & Co. bought the Salem at Pittsburg, and put her in the Kanawha river trade. ACTIVE WORK was commenced by the James River & Kanawha Company, and chutes, wing dams, etc., were built at Debby, Eighteen, Knob, Tackett, John- son's and elsewhere. The shipment of coal for commiercial purposes was fairly inaugurated in 1855, and increased so rap- idly that the improvement company de- cided to make new and larger chutes through the shoals, and steam divdging was begun in '60; but the war coming on it was abandoned until September, '63. when the new State took charge of the work. In 1872-3 the general government v/as induced to appropriate $25,000, and in '74 a like amount, which sums were used in deepening the channel, removing large stone, building rip-rap dams and dykes. March, 1875, $300,000 was appro- priated, and permanent improvement, by lock and dam, commenced. Lock No. 5 was begun that year and Nos. 4 and 5 completed in 1880. Congress took entire charge of the enterprise in '83 and abol- ished all tolls, since which the plan of im- proved navigation has been completed, giving two fixed dams and eight movable ones of the Chanoine type, a French sys- tem. These works have cost less than $4,000,000 and are found as follows: Lock No. 2 is 27 miles above Charleston, near Cannelton; lift, 12 ft; finished 1887. No. 3, 21 miles above, near Paint creek; lift 14 feet; finished '82. No. 4, 15 miles above, at Cabin creek; finished '80. No. 5, 9 miles above, at Marmet; formerly called Brownstown; finished '80. No. 6, iV 2 miles below Charleston; finished '86; No. 7, 14 miles below, near Coal river; finished '93. No. 8, 2V 2 miles below Raymond City; finished '93. No. 9, 33 miles below Char- leston; finished '98. No. 10, 39 miles be- low; finished '98. No. 11, 1% miles above the Ohio; finished '98, and completing the slack water improvement to the mouth of the Kanawha. These locks are large, the chambers being 342x55 feet in the clear, and four barges, each carrying 600 tons of coal, may be locked through at one time. With these works but partly com- pleted the shipments of coal westward by barges, in the past 15 years, have oeen nearly equal to those by rail for both east and west. As there are no tolls, barges are cheaply transported and the greater >ease of loading gives a large ad- vantage to the river. Kanawha coal is carried from Charleston to Cincinnati, 263 miles, for 25 cents per. ton, and to New Orleans, 1,776 miles, for about $1 per ton. A tow boat safely handles from 6 to 14 barges on the Kanawha, and from 15 to 34, below its mouth, as the Ohio is — 14 — Movable Dam Just Built. much wider and straighter after its con- succeeding years fluenoe with the Kanawha than ahove that point. The capacity of 3-± barges, which may be handled by one good tow boat, would approximate 20,000 tons and make 40 trains, of 25 cars each, stretching a distance of seven miles. The sources of the Kanawha being so far South, obstruction from ice only av- erages &y 2 days per year, while the up- per Ohio is obstructed much more. The latter is navigable for ~arges and boats of 6 feet draught an average of about 150 clays per year, while the Kanawha will accommodate that draught the year around and the Ohio bslow Point Pleasant will permit the passage of coal fleets about 100 days more of each year than that above. The fleets for 1900 carried down ttos Kanawha, for the western markets, 31.017,000 bushels of coal, 1,240,680 tons, while the new tipples built and the in- crease of old ones will probably add large- ly to these figures for the present and There were also 29,460,- 000 feet B. M. of timber; 851,000 oak staves; 3,947 cords of tanbark; 612,600 hoop poles; 2,153,000 lath; 786,700 oak railroad ties; 1,233,000 shingles; 288,000 brick; 8,300 barrels of salt and 57,742 tons cf produce and merchandise carried, mak- ing a grand total of 1,475,930 tons. MOVABLE DAMS are down an average of about 165 days per year, giving open river and .making a great saving in time to boatmen; but when the stage is low they are raised to create the required d?pth for coal boats. The dams are raised and lowered from 5 to 12 times per year. Nos. 4 and 5, complete*., in 1880, were the first movable dams erected in America, and, together with those subsequently put in, have proven very satisfactory. They have an average lift of seven feet, and when not needed are lowered to the bed of the river. The expense of operating is but little more than with fixed dams, and is abundantly repaid by the added facili- — 15 — ties of boating. Space will not permit of giving full details regarding the construc- tion and operation of this system, but our Illustration shows a section under con- struction, while another shows a complet- ed dam, lock and boats. The enterprise is recognized as being of immense value to the developments of the coal and lum- ber interests in this valley. A telephone line connects the engineer's office, in Charleston, with each of the locks, and gauge readers are stationed at Radford, Kinton and Kanawha Falls, who give daily reports by postal, and in case of a sudden rise by telegram. These facilities enable the engineer to direct the opera- tion of the dams to meet the stage of the water. Gen. Wlliam P. Craighill's corps of U. S. A. engineers, with headquarters in Bal- timore, had charge of this work, 1874-95, since which there have been several changes. Capt. H. F. Hodges, U. S. A., with office at Cincinnati, is the present incumbent; but from the commencement of the improvement in 1873, to the present time, it has been largely under the super- vision of Addison M. Scott, as principal assistant, or resident engineer in local charge. In an article published in 1899, by the Engineering Record, of New York, Gen. Craighill, says that to him, more than to any other person, the success of this enterprise is due. Mr. Scott is a native of New York and was connected with the United States improvement of the upper Mississippi for several years prior to com- ing here. He is assisted in the work by Thomas E. Jeffries, a civil engineer, who has been prominently identified with the constructon of these locks and dams since 1880. The U. S. Engineer's offices are in the Kanawha Bank Building. R. C. Church of the Sacred Heart* Tow*boat with Barges in the Boating on the Kanawha. Page 12 shows a view of the Great Ka- nawha River, looking down stream from near the "lower ferry" at Charleston, showing a fleet of loaded coal barges (with two towboats) tied up in the No. 6 pool. A coal barge is generally 25 feet wide, 130 feet long, draught from 6 to 7 feet. Capacity of an average barge, load- ed to 6y 2 feet, is about 14,000 bushels or 560 tons. Cut on page 15 shows part of a movable dam, on the Kanawha, taken inside the coffer dam, during construction. The movable parts, except as noted below, are up or standing. One wicket is "on swing," and in the near foreground the wickets partly shown are down. Two men are sitting on the "bridge" from which the dam is raised and lowered. The bridge also lies fiat on the founda- tion when the dam is down. The wick- ets, which, when up, make the dam, are 14 feet long and 4 feet wide. The bridge is about 17 feet high. Since the days when George Washing- ton visited the Kanawha it has been fa- — 1 Lock— Movable Dam No. 6. mous in history and in song. From its sources in the Carolinas to its confluence with the Ohio at Point Pleasant it pre- sents an ever changing diversity of pic- turesqueness, covering mountain, hill and dale, which cannot fail to be attractive to those needing recreation, and a trip on a Kanawha river boat is a source of health and pleasure. Along the banks of the river, where formerly stood dense for- ests, are rapidly springing forth cities, vil- lages, manufactories, and the tipples of coal mines; so that every additional boat soon finds its field for labor in the in- creasing hum of industry. THE STEAMER KANAWHA. — The hull and cabin of this boat was built at Ironton in 1896, and the machinery put in at Marietta, making a completed ves- sel worth $30,000. This boat has a full equipment of compound machinery, its high pressure cylinders having a 10-inch bore and six feet stroke. The large cyl- inders are 17% in. by 6 ft. stroke, and the boat has a capacity of 600 tons. The hull was made of Oregon firwood, which gives lightness of draught with strength of form, and the Kanawha is recognized as the largest boat plying in the Charleston 7 — Steamer Kanawha. trade. Her dimensions are 187x35 ft. beam, depth of hold 5% ft. The owners are Capt. M. P. Noll of Marrietta, M. Richter, of Williamstown, and Wm. E. Roe, Master. Captain Roe is a native of Williamstown, W. Va., and has been a boatman for 22 years, becoming master of this boat two years since. Geo. W. Hun- ter, the efficient clerk, is from the same town and has been 15 years in the river trade. S. R. Patterson & Co. are agents at Pittsburg, and W. B. Donnally agent at Charleston. The Kanawha has capac- ity for 250 passengers and does a regu- lar packet business between Pittsburg and Charleston, leaving her dock at the foot of Wood street every Tuesday at 4 p. m., and arriving in Charleston two days later, leaving this city at midnight Thurs- day she makes Pittsburg Sunday even- ing, where she remains for loading and the convenience of passengers shonning in the metropolis, until time to start on her next trip Tuesday at 4 p. m. THE GREENWOOD, a companion boat with the Kanawha, was built in 1898, at a cost of about $20,000, and although not quite so large does substantially the same trade. She leaves Montgomery, 28 miles above Charleston, at 8 a. m. Mondays and departs from this city at 9 p. m., ar- riving in Pittsburg Thursday night, and remaining there till 4 p. m. Friday, reaching Charleston Sunday night. The Greenwood is owned by Carrie Green- wood and Gordon" C. Greene, the latter serving as master. Captain Greene is a native of Newport, Ohio, and has follow- ed the river from boyhood. Having of- ficiated as master of the Bedford for nine years. Charles Stalder, of Buffalo, W. Va., is purser and looks well to the care of guests. This boat is about 300 tons bur- den, of light draught, easily handled, and a success in the packet trade. Fare on either of the above boats is $5.50 Charles- ton to Pittsburg, or $10 for the round trip. THE COLUMBIA runs as a freight and passenger packet between Charleston and Gallipolis, making a round trip every two clays. She was built in 1894 at a cost of — 18 — ^f»^-^r,t - imi in imnn.iiii. i. jii_im.mil'. Steamer ..Greenwood. $lf,000 and is owned by the Charleston & Gallipolis Packet Co. THE T. D. DALE was rebuilt in 1896, and makes round trips daily between Charleston and Winfield, leaving the lat- ter place at 5:30 a. m., arriving at Charleston at 11 o'clock and departing at 3 p. m. for Winfield, which she reaches about 7:30 and where she remains until the next morning. She is owned by Capt. G. C. Greene and Austin Beaver, the lat- ter being her master. Although but fit- tie past his majority, Captain Beaver has been brought up on the river, his father being a steamboatman for many years, and is familiar with all his duties. E. P. The T. D. Dale — 19 — Milan of Winfleld officiates as clerk, and the Dale has its place as a factor in pro- moting the shipping business of this sec- tion. THE CALVERT and KANAWHA BELLE are companion packet boats, ply- ing between Charleston and Montgomery, and are owned by Calvert Brothers. The Kanawha Belle, built in 1887 and rebuilt in 1899, leaves Charleston at 9:30 a. m., and Montgomery at 4 p. m., in charge of E. O. Calvert, master. The Calvert was bulilt in 1890 and the hull rebuilt in 1900. She is valued at about $7,500, leaves Montgomery at 5:30 a. m., and arrives here at 10:30; returning, she leaves Charleston at 2 p. m. and gets to Mont- gomery at 7:30 or later. She is in charge of M. A. Calvert, as master. The two make a very convenient schedule for pas- sengers and freight between Charleston and the landings between here and Mont- gomery. E. O. Calvert serves as man- ager of the line, spending most of his time at the Charleston landing. The Cal- vert Brothers are natives of this county and have been brought up in the river trade. The steamer H. M. Stanley is run by the Cincinnati, Portsmouth, Big Sandy & Pomeroy Packet Co., from Cincinnati to Charleston, making a round trip each week. F. A. Laidley, president and man- ager of the line, is a native of Charleston and was master of the Annie Laurie Lb61- 67. Recently he became manager of the above line. We have failed to get farther particulars of the Stanley. The Wharf Boat is owned by W. B. Donnally & Co. Mr. Donnally commenced the business here some fifteen years ago, was out of it for a time, and four years since purchased the present wharf boat at Cincinnati, and has since maintained it at the Charleston levee, which is rented from the city. The firm runs a feed store at No. 18 Summers street and keeps a dozen teams and teamsters steadily em- ployed in the transfer business and hand- ling of the river freights. There are numerous towboats that fol- low the Kanawha river trade but we have not space for further mention of boats at this time. W™s^Miijiii Kanawha Belle* — 20 — The Calvert. Tow=Boat D. T. Lane. Railroad Bridge Across New River. — 21 — The Elk River Bridges, Ferries, Etc. o CO 3 CO 3 o oo c c o U A regular ferry was first started here at the mouth of Elk river, for transfer over either steam, in 1794, John Langston, who lived on the south side of the ivanawha, at Perry Branch, commenced the business in 1809. Later Alex. Quarrier took it up and was succeeded by George Goshorn. James Wilson com- menced the business about 1820. He was followed by J. P. Hale, who in 1871 put on the first steam ferry boat used here. He sold out to Ruffner Broth- ers who consolidated with the lower ferry, the busi- ness having been subsequently known as iMie Charles- ton Steam Ferry Co., which name is still continued, and a skiff occasionally run, but the principal busi- ness has gone to the Charleston and South Side Bridge Co. THE WIRE SUSPENSION— This bridge still doing- good service over the Elk was erected in 1852, and at that time was considered quite a wonderful structure. Its cables were severed in war time, subsequent to which a pontoon bridge was made and used for a time. Later the old cables were spliced and new ones added to make a safe structure. THm KEYSTONE was built by J. Brisben Walker, at the lower crossing, in 1873. This was carried off its piers by an ice gorge in '79, and seven years later the present structure, which carries the electric rail- way, was erected by the city, the Suspension Bridge purchased and all tolls for crossing the Elk abolished. J. W. Shipman, of l\ew York, was engineer and builder. THE KANAWHA BRIDGE— Until 1890 the only means for travel and trade to the south side was by ferry boat, which often proved quite unsatisfactory. Ihe Charleston and South Side Bridge Company was incorporated that year with a capital of $150,000. The bridge was designed by S. C. Weiskopf, who officiated as chief engineer. Jutt, Stratton & Foley built the substructure, and Keystone Bridge Com- pany, of Pittsburg, erected the superstructure, which will long remain a credit to the work of the firm. The annroacnes, abutments, and bridges proper cost over $200,000. The three spans are 1,000 feet in length and required about 1,000 tons of steel. The directors at the time of its construction were B. L. Wood, Jr., President; T. H. Givens, Secretary-Treas- urer; R. S. Carr, J. W. Moon, W. E. Jennings, W. P. Wood, C. H. Sackrider, L. H. Partridge. The pres- ent executive officers are J. Wainwright, President; T. H. Givens, Secretary-Treasurer; L. H. Partridge, Auditor; J. J. Keeff, Superintendent. The latter has been in charge of the bridge since it was built and for twelve years prior was master of the ferry at this place and is well known to the traveling pub- lic. Present capital stock $200,000. RAILWAYS should come next in this connection, but on account of delay in getting some of the copy completed, will be held over to page 40. — 22 — Stone Bridge at T Kanawha County— Courts, Etc. SECESSION— In order to fully compre- hend the changes in county officials, and establish a consecutive chain, it is neces- sary to make some further explanation than that found on page 9 regarding the evolution from Virginia to West Vir- ginia. Shortly after the Act of Secession was adopted by the convention at Rich- mond, April 17, 1861, the loyal represen- tatives of the State gathered at Wheeling and in May, 1861, an election was ordered for State officers. Francis H. Pierpoint was chosen as Governor for the restored statehood and all county officials who would not swear allegiance to the Union were disqualified; and a special election was held July 15, 1861, to elect their suc- cessors. West Virginia was refused statehood by the Federal government until its constitution should abolish slav- ery and make the name West Virginia instead of Kanawha, and after becoming a State in 1863, State and county officials were chosen under the regulations of the new constitution. EARLY HISTORY— This part of Viir- wo*Mile Kanawha. gima remained in tne territory of Orange uo. up to n'6b, wnen Augusta l;o. was formed and heici charge till 1770. It was then under the jurisdiction of Botetourt until Montgomery was formed in 1777. Greenbrier was made from Montgomery in 1778 and Kanawha taken from Green- brier in 1789. The first court was opened October 5, 1789, and the records made by Wm. Cavendish, first clerk, are still in an excellent state of preservation, having been rebound in 1889, under the clerk- ship of J. W. Goshorn. Kanawha county originally comprised 2,090 square miles, which in 1800 contained a population of 9,334. Mason county was erected in 1804, Fayette in '31, and Putnam in '48, reduc- ing the area to 980 square miles, which in 1860 contained 16,150 inhabitants of whom 2,184 were slaves. The census of 1870 showed 22,349; 1880 gave 32,466, 1890 42,756, and 1900 showed 54,696, a gain of 28 per cent, in the ten years, and giv- ing Kanawha the greatest population of any county in the State. THE FIRST COURT was comprised of the following "Gentlemen Justices": Thos. Lewis, Robt. and Wm. Clendenin, Fran- -23 — cis Watkins, Chas. McClung, Benj. Strother, David Robinson, Geo. Alderson, Leonard Morris, James Van Bibber. A century ago four of these, Geo. Alderson, Francis Watkins, Wm. Clendenin and Leonard Morris were still on the bench, While David and Joseph Ruffner, Thos. Rogers, Maurice Reynolds, Andrew Donn- ally, Obediah Fuqua, John Rousch, Saml. Shrewsbury and Wm. Morris had quali- fied. The early court records disclose the fact that for want of a better medium of ex- change, tobacco was a legal tender here in the early days. At the May term, 1792, it was "ordered that 4800 weight of to- bacco be levied for extra services of clerk for four years past, and 3300 weight for extra services performed by Thos. Lewis, sheriff, from 5th Oct. 1789 to July 2nd '92. That Wm. Clendenin be allowed 1300 lbs. tobacco as sheriff and Geo. Clendenin al- lowed 1920 lbs. for books used by this county." A levy was also made for 10,000 lbs. to the use of the county and the sheriff ordered to proceed to collect the above and settle with the county next Feb. At the Nov. term, 1793, a levy was made for 1525 lbs. in favor of John Stew- art, clerk of Greenbrier Co. against John Edwards of Kanawha Co. COUNTY COURTS— The old Virginia plan of the justices from the various dis- tricts of the county, forming the County Court held until West Virginia was found- ed, when a recorder and supervisors took its place until 1872. It then reverted back to nearly the old style till 1880 when the present modified system was adopted, pro- viding for three commissioners who at- tend to probate matters, have charge of the roads, county poor, and business af- fairs of the county in general. Hereto- fore the work on county roads, let by contract, has often been unsatisfactory. With the present season, commissioners have been appointed on the principal roads, and some $8,000 will be expended under their special supervision, requiring annual sworn statements as to expendi- tures, and from which it is hoped to ob- tain better results than the previous plan. The court of 1881 as organized under the present law was composed of H. P. Tompkins who drew the card for two years, J. D. Baines for four years, and T. M. Shelton for. six years, the latter having been chosen as president. Mr. Tompkins at once resigned in favor of J. Q. Dickinson. R. S. Carr was elected in '84 and four years later resigned to accept the state senatorship. Sidney S. Staunton having been elected in '88 10 serve the unexpired term. Wm. B. Cald- erwood was elected in '84; J. S. Cunning- ham, '86 and '92. He died April, "93 and a few months later J. D. Shrewsbury was appointed, serving until J. S. McDonald, who was elected in '94, qualified for the unexpired term, and J. S. Keeney was elected in '94 for the full term. Curtis S. Young was elected in '88; W. S. Laidley, '90, who after five years service resigned and E. A. Woodall was appointed for the remaining year. The present incumbents are John Moulton, President, a native of Maine, who served in the Civil War as major of the Second Minnesota. He has resided in this county for 25 years and was in the lumber business when elected from Louden district, November, 1898. E. A. Woodall, a native of Charleston, re- siding in Poca district, was appointed to serve the unexpired term of W. S. Laidley, December, '95, and November fol- lowing elected for a six year term. A. C. Shaver, a native of Ohio, served in the 141 and 194 Infantry "Volunteers of that State, and at the close of the war settled in this county. He commenced his six year term in January, 1901. COUNTY CLERKS— For nearly forty years prior to the war, Alex. W. Quarrier served as county and circuit clerk. As his sympathies were with the South he refused to qualify and John Slack, Sr., — 24 — was elected. He was re-elected under the new State constitution, (as recorder). A. Cunningham served '66-72, when the name reverted to county clerk and Joel S. Quar- rier was elected; Ham Morris, Sr., elected '78; J. W. Goshorn, '84, '90; and E. W. Staunton, '90. Mr. Staunton is a native of this county and in early manhood en- gaged in the coal and ice business here. He was elected city sergeant at age 24, mayor two years later, and county clerk November, '96. Terms of county courts commence the 4th Monday of February, 3rd Monday ct June. 2nd Monday of September, and 1st Monday of December, continuing as long as the business requires. CIRCUIT COURT— A circuit court was opened here April 24, 1809, with John Coulter on the bench, who was succeeded in 1811 by James Allen. Lewis Summers was judge of the Kanawha Judicial Cir- cuit from 1819 to June. 1843. David Mc- Coraas served to November, '51; Matthew Dunbar appointed till Geo. W. Summers was elected and qualified, July 1, 180: After six years Summers resigned and McComas again took the bench till Jas. H. Brown commenced, February 15, 1862. Daniel Polsley succeeded in June, '63; Jas. W. Hoge in '66; Joseph Smith in '73; an 1 Judge F. A. Guthrie has been on thf bench for twenty years, being now in the middle of his third eight-year tern. Mathew Edmiston, Edw. B. Bailey, Wm. L. Hindman, Jas. H. Ferguson and per- haps others from other districts have ex- changed with the judges of this district. CIRCUIT COURT CLERKS— Up to 18'J1 Alex. W. Quarrier served as county ami circuit clerk, when from his refusal to take the loyal oath, John Slack Sr.. be- came clerk and continued in the office till Wm. E. Gillison was elected in 1872; Thos. Swinburn elected '78; Chas B Smith. '84; H. K. Black, '90; and Grant Looking Up Capitol Street. — 25 — P. Hall, 96. Mr. Hall was reared in this county, taught for several years and serv- ed as county superintendent of schools, was admitted to the bar in 1895, and elected to his present position Novem- ber, '96. His deputies are Ira Mottes- heard and John J. Hall. SUPREME COURT— Judge Jas. H. Brown was one of the first justices on the State Court of Appeals, continuing from 1863 to 1871. It met that year at Charles- ton with Edwin Maxwell, Ralph L. Burk- shire, and C. P. T. Moore on the bench and has continued regular sessions here. The present justices are M. H. Dent of Grafton; H. C. McWhorter, Charleston; Geo. Poffenberger, Pt. Pleasant; Henry Brannon, president, of Weston. SHERIFFS— At the opening of the first court, October 5, 1789, Wm. Cavendish was appointed temporary sheriff and Thos. Lewis, soon afterwards, was chosen as regular sheriff. Formerly the oldest magistrate succeeded to the position of sheriff by virtue of his office. It was changed to an elective office in 1852 and James H. Fry chosen. John Slack, Sr., succeeded in '54, '56; E. S. Arnold, '58, '60, who refused to take the loyal oath, and James Atkinson was chosen, taking John Slack, Jr., and G. W. Atkinson as his deputies. Wm. H. Truslow was elect- ed in 1862 but failing to give bond, John Slack, Jr. was appointed to the vacancy, and on the formation of West Virginia elected to the office. John W. Sentz elected '68; P. W. Morgan, '72; J. jL Rosuler, '76; J. F. Hubbard, '80; L. H. Ewart, '84; Roman Pickens, '88; Peter Silman, '92; J. H. Copenhaver, '96; J. A. Jarrett, 1900. Mr. Jarrett is a native of this county, working as operator and rail- road employe until he engaged as dis- bursing agent for the Winifrede Coal Co. some 12 years ago, and served as deputy county clerk just prior to having been elected sheriff. M. H. Eplin is office dep- uty. SURVEYORS— Reuben Slaughter was appointed first surveyor of Kanawha Co., Oct. 5th, 1789, and this continues to be quite an important county office. Frank G. Burdett, the present surveyor, is a na- tive of Fayette County, residing in Ka- nawha since 1877, and for ten years in Charleston, where he was surveyor, con- tractor and builder when elected to this office, November, 1900. PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS have been elected since 1870 as follows: John E. Kenna, '72; C. P. Snyder, '76, '80; W. E. Chilton, '82; S. C Burdett, '84; S. Cnap- man, '88; C. W. Smith, '92; A. C. Blair, '94; F. C. Burdett, '96; and S. B. AMs, 1900. Capt. Avis is a native of Va. for ten years past in Charleston. He was ad- mitted in '93 and commenced assisting in the U. S. Attorney's office four years ago. When the Spanish-American war came on he organized Co. A 2d W. Va. V. I. and served a year as captain. ASSESSOR— A. R. Shepherd, a native of Charleston, merchandising at Spring Hill for six years past, is assessor for the Lower District, and Marshall Morris of Kanawha Co., formerly in mining, is as- sessor for the Upper District. COUNTY JAILS— Early in the history of the county it became necessary to have a jail for criminals and February 6, 1792, the court "ordered that the bounds of said prison, which is to be built on the front of the lot between John Young and Lewis Tackett, be extended to include the gar- rison and house of Geo. Clendenin, for the safety of the prisoners from Indian incursions." March 6, 1793, " ordered that sheriff let to lowest bidder the building of a prison for this county, 12 ft. square, two floors, one of earth, on the bank of the hill facing the Kanawha, and the other laid over with logs as close as pos- sible, the house to be between floors seven ft., covered cabin fashion." Aug. 6, 1793, "ordered that the jail be received from Lewis Tackett, Sr., whereupon Wm. — 26 — County Jail, Built 1888. Clendenin, sheriff entered his protest in- sufficient." Again Jan 5, '96, "Geo. Al- derson, sheriff, enters protest against the sufficiency of the county goal." A stone jail and county clerk's office was built, in 1829, which continued in use, with some improvements, until the present brick jail was erected by the Pauley Jail Co., in 1888, at a cost of $37,500. COURT HOUSES— For several years after the formation of the county, court was held in the Clendenin block-house, but April 5, 1796, a levy was made to pay Chas. Donally $200 for a house and lot in which to hold court. A protest having been made against this purchase, on Aug. 2d, following, it was "ordered that the money, levied at the April court, for Capt. Chas Donally's house and lot, be appro- priated to the building of a court house on the lot of Geo. Alderson and that Don- ally's house revert to himself. A deed for the lot now in use was given by Al- derson and wife Nov. 7, 1797, for $100. Goodrich Slaughter took the contract to build the under work of a court house for $128, to have "two good floors, two doors, four windows, a pair of stairs and stair door, fashionable seat for magis- trates and clerks, a table for the attor- neys, bench and bar, work to be done in a workmanlike manner, to be well chinked and daubed, together with win- dow, shutters, etc., said undertaker, vo give bond for the true and faithful per- tormance of said work in six months from th.s time." The extras, however, tjiougnt the bill up to $200 which was al- lowed in the audit of accounts for 1796. in 1802 a county clerk's office was order-- td built and was erected of stone on the sue of the present Ruffner House. After a tong service it was used as a law office and the clerk occupied rooms more con- silient to the court house. The brick court house, erected in 1817, continued in use until April 7, 1888, when under the presidency of John S. Cunningham, who is understood to have given his as- sent, it was torn down between two days. Up to 1849 the margin around the court house lot was occupied by an open market house. This was burned in the cholera year, and subsequently one-story offices Brick Court House, 1817*88. — 27 — were erected there, the circuit clerk's of- fice having been erected in 1873. THE NEW COURT HOUSE is a sub- stantial, well-built stone structure, erect- ed in 1892. The architects received $2,000, Stone Court House, Erected \ 892. approved April, 1873, created a board of overseers, one from each district, and September following the committee ap- pointed to appraise the assets .of the poor farm found, "Two horses, 1 mule, 1 bull. and the contractors $90,000. Subsequent 7 cows, 5 calves, 23 sheep, 22 hogs, sev- improvements and furnishings have eral pigs, 2 wagons, a lot of poultry, and brought the grand total above $153,000, small farmling utensils. We found the but the structure is fire proof and will agent's house in tolerable repair. The long accommodate the needs of the county cabins in which the poor stay are old, for the purposes of its design. beds n °t neat, and the committee recom- mend repairs to make them tenantable Ottf County P001\ the coming winter." They also reported The poor of Kanawha county have had abuses by the agent and recommended considerations by law from an early date, that the farm be sold and a smaller one and a tract was formerly occupied about purchased. "It is a rough, hilly farm and a mile south of Charleston, which con- contains more land than can be culti- tinued to be the farm up to the early vated with the help at hand. A smaller, fifties, its inmates having been some- more level farm, mainly for vegetables what indifferently cared for. Subsequent- and pasturage would be more advanta- ly, a large tract was purchased in Poca geous to the county. " J. H. S. Holmes, district and the home of the unfortunates the offending agent, was discharged and removed there. The Act of Legislature, A. D. Tully appointed October 13, '73, but — 28 — Kanawha County Holmes still held possession until about February, 1874. The farm was sold in 1875 for $3,000 and 99^ acres purchased April, '76, of the Cabell estate, at the present site, for $2,200. To this, addi- tional purchases have been made until the present farm is about 200 acres. THE COUNTY INFIRMARY is located eight miles down the river from the court house, along the bank of the Ka- nawha and intersected by the K. & M. R. R. Most of the laud is under a high state of cultivation, and for the year Infirmary, 1895. 1900 nearly everything that was con- sumed by the inmates, excepting cloth- ing and a few groceries, was raised on the farm. A sufficiency of wheat, corn, and vegetables, milk, butter and eggs, part of the pork, etc., was raised, as well as the corn, hay and oats to keep the stock. A superintendent's house was built some ten years ago, and a row of tene- ment houses served to house the inmates until the present well built three-story brick infirmary was erected in 1895, at a Glen on Old Poca— Poor Farm. — 20 — cost with furnishings of $23,000. It con- tains 44 rooms, is fitted throughout with steam heating apparatus, has convenient bath rooms, and all other necessities to make a comfortable home for its average of 60 inmates. Dr. T. L. Barber, of Charleston, is the physician in charge, Walter Kersey, son of the superinten- dent, officiates as engineer, Mrs. Lydia Durable has been the efficient matron for a year past and W. H. Kersey, a na- tive of this county, formerly a Baptist minister, has been superintendent since July, 1899. Charleston — Its Progress and Prospects. On pages 3 and 4 something is given regarding the early founding of Charles- ton. To go somewhat more into detail our historian has found that the Gov- ernor of Virginia, in 1773, granted \ Thos. Bullitt a warrant for 1240 acres, as a reward for military services, and in a will made by him, September, 1775, he devised the same to his brother Cuthbert Bullitt, which was affirmed by Thomas Jefferson, Governor of this Common- wealth, November 19, 1779, giving Bul- litt title to 1030 acres then in Green- brier county on the north side of the Great Kanawha above the mouth of the Elk. George Clendenin purchased this tract December 28, 1787, and the next year came on with others to lay the nu- cleus for the future city. March 30, 1793, he deeded the middle section of the tract, 207 acres, now upper part of the city, to Alex. Clendenin and on the same date 300 acres at the extreme upper part of the city to Wm. Clendenin. A plat of 40 acres, near the Kanawha and Elk, was incorporated as "Charlestown," Decem- ber 19, 1794, in honor of the father of the founder, who died here prior to that time. The first trustees for the town were Reuben Slaughter, Andrew Don- ally, Sr., John Morris, Sr., Leonard Mor- ris, Geo. Alderson, Abraham Baker, John Young, and Wm. Morris. On August 30, 1796, Geo. Clendenin sold to Joseph Ruff- ner 500 acres, nearly a mile square, upon which the central portion of the city now stands, and three years later Mr. Ruffner purchased from Alex, and Wm. Clen- denin the remaining portion of the 1030 acre tract, 27 of the acre lots of the vil- lage plat having previously been sold to settlers. This tract took in all the bot- A Pioneer Home — 30 — ■.uy"ili«if] ^trtiiiitatii "^^[""W M^W ~*» mj* View From South=End of Kanawha Bridge. torn land and a small strip of the hill- elected again in '72; C. P. Snyder, '73; J. side. January 19, 1818, an Act was passed D. White, '74; Jno. C. Ruby, '75, when re-incorporating the town, and the "w" the amended charter made the term two was dropped from the name, leaving It years. C. J. Botkin elected '77, '79; R. R. Charleston. That charter also provided Delaney, '81; J. D. Baines, '83; J. H. Hu- for the election of a president, recorder, ling, '85; J. L. Fry, '87, '89; J. B. Pem- and trustees. Amendments were made to berton, '91; E. W. Staunton, '93; J. A. the charter in 1821, '25, '61, '67, '75. In deGruyter, '95, '97; Herman Smith, '99, 1895 the charter was entirely re-enacted, who died May 27, 1900 and J. B. Floyd extending the limits to take in that por- was elected by the council. Geo. S. Mor- tion below Elk River, formerly known gan who was elected March 11, 1901, is as Elk City, and two years later to in- a native Charlestonian, educated in the elude Upper Ruffner and the entire bot- public schools and commenced clerking torn lands between the Kanawha River at 20 years of age, a few years later be- and hillside. The charter of 1861 was coming proprietor of the grocery business secured through the efforts of Jacob at 74 Lovell Street, where he has held Goshorn and provided for the election of forth some 15 years. a mayor. Mr. Goshorn who resides at THE RECORDERS — J. T. Brodt was the corner of Broad and Washington Sts. serving as recorder in 1870, and those is still hale and among the oldest resi- elected since then have been C. H. dents in Charleston. He was born Decern- Hatcher, '71, '72, '73; H. D. McFarland, '74; ber 9, 1818, his father removing here in J. L. Fry, '75, '77, '79; Davis H. Estill, 1822. He was elected first mayor under '81, '83; J. A. deGruyter, '85, '87; W. A. the charter of 1861, but the war coming Kelly, '89; Henry Fry, '91; J. H. Gates, on he refused to take the oath of loyalty '93; C. L. Topping, '95; Percy Rowan, 97; and in '62 fled for the South. The place Ham Morris, Jr., '99, and Will W. Wertz, was then virtually under military rule 1901. Mr. Wertz came to Charleston until 1865, subsequent to which John from Pennsylvania some four years ago Williams and John Truslow served, and for two years past was serving as George Ritter was elected mayor 1868, 69; principal of the Ruffner school, which he John W. Winfield, '70; H. Clay Dickin- resigned to accept his present position, son, *71, whom, dying soon afterwards, that was awarded to him by the Supreme J. P. Hale succeeded. John Williams Court April 16, 1901, upon contest. --31 — Capitol Street Near Business Centre. COUNCIL— The council is composed of 1881, '83, '85; W. S. Laidley, '88, '89, '91; the mayor, and two coundilmen from each H. 0. Middleton, '93; H. B. Smith, '95; of the seven wards. The names are W. L. C. B. Couch, '97, '99 and H. Delbert Rum- Ashby, John Davidson, V. A. Gates, E. W. mel, 1901. . Mr. Rummel is a native of Higginbotham, A. G. Higginbotham, Le- the city, received his A. M. degree at roy Harless, W. A. Mahan, John Mor- St. Mary's College, Belmont, N. C, was gan, P. H. Noyes, B. A. Palmer, N. B. admitted to the bar in 1896, and elected Ransom, Geo. Ritter, J. C. Riley, H. S. to his present position March last. Stout. L. L. Price, city sergeant, is a Charles- CITY TREASURERS— C. C. Lewis, Sr., tonian, in the sand and lime business, served for ten years, from 1880 and was and secretary of the board of education, succeeded by E. A. Reid, cashier of the L. Caperton, city assessor, is a native of Kanawha National Bank, 1891, who Monroe County, West Virginia, 14 years served a like time. Frank Field, elected in Charleston, and was elected March, 1901, is a native of this county and for 1900. W. A. Hogue, a native Charles- 8 years past connected with the Kanawha tonian, has served as city engineer for Valley Bank. several years past. CITY SOLICITORS— E. B. Knight serv- POLICE DEPARTMENT. — Charleston ed as city solicitor from the early sev- has an efficient police force under charge enties till W. A. MacCorkle was elected of the mayor, and J. M. Lynn, chief. The 32 — $jK \ ft _ .u *! if H 1 *sv.7!li ■■' ■■ • Res. Charles Capito. policemen are John Young, N. S. Starke, Geo. Warner, Will Walker,, Armour Givens, Will Leach, G. W. Medley, Mat. Spradling, Will Nutter, Geo. R. Thomas and James Pridemore. John Ashley is sanitary policeman. C. Summers, police judge since June 6, 1901, was born in this county, moved to Elk City 13 years ago and was recorder of that place prior to its annexation to Charleston. He served as deputy in- ternal revenue collector and for 2 years in the city council. FIRE DEPARTMENT— The city owns five horses, three of which are regularly in (he fire department and the others at call when needed. The chem'cal engine cost about $1,800, carries 1,000 feet of large hose and 200 feet of chemical hose. There are 2 hose carts and a hose reel each carrying about 500 feet of hose, but that on the reel needs replacing by new. The headquarters are on the ground floor of the city hall. An engine house is con- templated for the west side and with the upbuilding of Ruffner and West Charles- ton others will doubtless be needed in the near future. James White, chief of the department, is a native of Boston, 12 years in Charleston and city electrician, for some years past. He has been iy 2 years with the department and chief since April, 1901. J. G. Barker is as- sistant chief, and the other members are E. S. Amos, Chas. Debolt, G. R. Tully, L. I. Hawkins, Wm. Cabell and B. F. Clark. CITY HALL— Subsequent to the war, an engine house was built on the court house lot, the upper portion having been used for city purposes. This was burned December, 1874, and for ten years after- wards council and mayor's court was held in rented rooms. The present city hall was erected in 1884 at a cost of above $13,000. The city has more than doubled since that date and is likely to outgrow the present city hall before 1920. In ad- dition to the fire department quarters a lock-up is found on the first floor. The mayor's office, recorder and council room occupies a spacious hall on the second floor in rear of which is the police head- quarters. The third story is used for storage. B. L. Young serves as janitor. 1 - /* - r- -' ~ . ...* . _ -^ \ Res. Ph. Frankenberger. — 33 — "Kanawha Street, Summers to Hale. LOCATION, ETC.— The capital of the and the K. & M. in '84. Kanawha county, State is 58 miles up the Great Kanawha, of which Charleston is the shire town, is on the north side of the river, in latitude hilly and almost mountainous, hut its 38 degrees 21 minutes, and longitude 81 climate is salubrious and its fertile val- degrees 31 minutes, in the central west- leys and tillable hillsides make good era part of the State. In an air line it is grazing and agricultural lands. The city 66 miles south of Parkersburg, 130 miles was first lighted by gas in 1871; has a s. by w. from Wheeling, 233 miles w. by good system of water works established n. from Richmond, and via C. &. O. R. R. in '86; an electric light plant built in '87; 369 miles to Richmond and but 52 to and although it may be slow in some Huntington, on the Ohio. The Kanawha things, claims to have used brick for is navigable in all seasons and packets street paving the first in America, when ply regularly from here to Cincinnati a part square of Capitol Street was paved and Pittsburg. There is also a line up- with that material in 1870, by Dr. J. P. river 27 miles to Montgomery. In con- Hale, and three years later the city paved sequence of this having been practically Summers Street from Kanawha to Vir- the dividing line between northern and ginia Street. southern sentiment Charleston suffered GROWTH — The growth of this place the ravages of both armies, but with the from its settlement, in 1788, up to the close of hostilities, and the prospect of Civil War was distressingly slow and in this becoming the new state capital, 1870, it recorded but 3,162 inhabitants, wholesale houses were established and a Within the next decade it increased 35 healthy growth commenced. The C. & O. per cent., showing 4,192, while from '80 R. R. was completed through here in 1873, to '90, it pushed forwards 60 per cent, — 34 — Capitol Street bringing the figures up to 6,742 and its growth for the past decade, taking in Elk City and Ruffner, was even more wonder- ful, showing an increase of 65 per cent., and a total population of 11,099, which most of our citizens believe to be an under estimate. From facts which will be proven in this pamphlet, no fair- minded investigator can hesitate to be- lieve that Charleston has entered upon an era of development which will show even greater results in the coming years, and there can be no reasonable doubt but that it will increase 100 per cent, or more within the present decade. The lo- cation of the State Capital, in the Kanaw- ha valley coal belt, makes it not only the legal, but the commercial, financial and distributing; center for about one-third of West Virginia, and with the advent of abundance of cheap gas. which is now assured, it can hardly fail to Become a great manufacturing metropolis. on Circus Day. SITE— The site of the city is a large level plane, above and below Elk river, with surrounding hillsides which can easily be transformed into handsome homes, groves and parks, and with abundant room for an extensive growth, which from the numerous advantages shown forth in this pamphlet, is sure to come speedily. The South Side (Fern Bank) and West Charleston are adjoinng suburbs which will have attention else- where. BUILDINGS— Among public buildings, and popular institutions, we mention the Capitol, described elsewhere, and the An- nex now building: the government, county and city buildings, public, private and parochial schools; excellent opera- house, two large and numerous smaller hotels, ten churches, a superb Masonic Temple, city hospital, etc. BUSINESS— Two daily and weekly papers, two express and two telephone — 35 — companies, long-distance 'phone and W. U. Telegraph, four banks, gas and water works, electric lights; factories for ice, woolen goods, furniture, wagons, handles, two foundries, several flour and saw mills, an engine and general machine shop, two boiler plants, numerous packet lines, three railroads and the electric street car line; a steel bridge across the Kanawha and three bridges across Elk river; fif- teen tow boats and their fleets of barges, for the transportation of coal, coke, lum- ber, salt, tan-bark, staves, railroad ties, etc., to the western markets; and numer- ous other concerns mentioned in detail in the following pages. There are numer- our wholesale houses, doing a large ag- gregate annual business, and a very large and complete line of retail stores, mak- ing Charleston a much greater commer- cial center than cities of its size are usu- ally found to be. The legal, medical and theological professions are ably repre- sented. CLIMATE, ETC.— The principal streets are paved with brick. There are shade trees in profusion and a general pictur- esqueness of surroundings which make this city an ideal place for homes. The climate is equable and comparatively mild, having enough freezing weather to kill off poisonous germs and noxious in- sects; but avoiding the protracted cold and northern blizzards, as well as the depressing heat and dangerous epidemics of the South, the continued monotony of climate as found in Florida, or the archi- peligoes of the sea. The mean annual temperature here is 53 F., and rainfall 40 inches. The altitude is 600 feet above tide water, while the surrounding hills rise from 300 to 500 feet hisrher, and farther up the river and its tributaries much greater elevations are found, giv- ing perfect drainage to the whole region. The water is pure and soft and on the whole there is perhaos no better spot in America for a sanitarium, for general longevity, or for diversified manufactur- ing than the Kanawha valley presents. NO RIVAL— The topography of the country is such that Charleston can have no rival within 50 miles. Our map, (see last page folder,) shows that an air line of aoout 50 miles, would strike the Ohio river, and that a connecting link of rail- road of that length from Clendenin, or Clay C. H., to Parkersburg or Marietta; or a distance of 75 miles parallel with the Charleston and Parkersburg pike, would give us direct connection to the Ireat Lakes. Some astute railroad syn- licate will soon observe that the Besse- mer ore from Cleveland can thereby eas- ily meet the cheap coal, coke, natural gas and limestone of the Kanawha valley, and before ten years, numerous furnaces, rolling-mills, glass factories, etc., will probably be found in this region. Look at the map and observe that it is less than 150 miles, by air line from Charles- ton to Columbus, Staunton or Lynch- burg, 175 miles to Cincinnati, or Pitts- burg, 250 to Cleveland, Toledo, Indianapo- lis, or Washington; 300 to Philadelphia, Atlanta, Nashville; 400 to New York, Chi- cago, or Savannah. In fact the homes of one-thii ._ of the people of the United States are less than 500 miles distant from Charleston. RESOURCES— Within 150 miles of this city are found all of the Great Kanawha ccal fields; the superb water power oi. New River and Kanawha Falls, (which if harnessed would generate sufficient electricity oO turn all the wheels of a great manufacturling valley, as the catar- act at Niagara now sends electrical nower to hundreds of manufactories at Buffalo and elsewhere.) This region has vast for- ests of timber, and a diversity of ores, as explained under that head on page 6. In addition to these should be mentioned quarries of gypsum, while the lands are adapted to grazing and the culture of the famous Kentucky bluegrass. In gran- duer of natural scenery, the New river canon is unsurpassed by anything this side of the Rockies, while for general picturesqueness the Kanawha and Elk valleys are hard to equal. Governmental Matters. The post-office here was called Kanaw- ha C. H. in 1789, the first postmaster being Edward Graham, succeeded by Francis A. Dubois who held up to 1803 and Wm. Whitaker to 1808. The office was first kept in a log hut, N. E. Cor. of Kanawha and Hale Sts. As there was a Charles Town in the State, this office held the official name of Kanawha C. H. till Sept. 30, 1879, when it was changed to Charleston. Up to 1810 the mail came only fortnightly from Lewisburg on horseback. Postmasters since 1861 have been appointed as follows: N. A. Whit- aker, '61; Wm. A. Gramm, '65; L. L. Comstock, '66; J. W. Cracraft, '67; G. W. Atkinson, '71; A. F. Gibbens, '77; L. H. Ewart, '81; A. F. Gibbens, '85; Richard U. S. Government Building. Ashby, '87; H. C. McWhorter, Jan., '91; Mrs. Anna B. Kenna, '93; O. A. Petty, '98. Mr. Petty is a native of Wirt Co., and in Charleston since '86. Served 3 years as councilman and was a partner in the clothing firm of Petty & Wertheimer prior to present appointment. The postmaster now receives $2,900 salary. The recent raise of $200 in salary is indicative of the steady increase in the volume of mail matter dispatched from Charleston which is about one-fourth more than it was two years ago. The office dispatches six daily mails by the C. & 0. and receives seven, sends out four on the K. & M. and receives five, and has one mail each day on the C. C. & S. there are seven star routes, three of which are tri-weekly. There are 8 car- riers and 8 clerks, including assistant postmaster, and the mail handled daily averages about 1,000 lbs. of first class and about 3,000 lbs. of second and third class matter. The Government Building, shown here- with, was partly erected in 1884 and the Summers St. side added in '89 at a total cost of about $125,000. It is a handsome and commodious structure with wide and well kept lawns and is greatly appreci- ated by Charlestonians. The U. S. Senators from West Virginia are Nathan B. Scott of Wheeling, whose term expires March, 1905, and S. B. El- kins, term expiring in 1907. The Con- gressmen are B. B. Dovener, of Wheeling; A. G. Dayton of Phillippi, Barbour Co.; J. H. Gaines of Charleston; J. A. Hughes of Huntington, all elected for the com- ing Congress. Mr. Gaines is a native of Fayette Co., and was serving as U. S. Dist. Atty. when elected to Congress. J. B. Cuningham, who assisted him as law clerk, continues as his private secretary. U. S. DISTRICT COURT— Judge J. J. Jackson, who was appointed Judge of the — 37 — U. S. Court for the western district of Vir- ginia, August 3, 1861, by the recent divis ion of the State, continues in the norther,! district, while B. F. Keller, a native of Bellefonte, Pa., who was admitted to prac- tice in the Supreme Court, D. C. 1882, for ten years past practicing law at Bram- well, W. Va., was appointed to the south- ern district June 18, taking the oath of office July 1st. U. S. CIRCUIT COURT— Edwin M. Keatley, a native of N. Y., for twelve years past residing in W. Va. and for some time a resident of Charleston, was recently ap- pointed by Judges Goff and Simonton, o? the Fourth Circuit, as U. S. Circuit Court Clerk. Mr. Keatley served as Assistant Attorney General 1896-1900. U. S. DISTRICT ATTORNEY— Ex-Gov. G. W. Atkinson, who became U. S. At- torney for the southern district of W. Va. July 1st, was born in this county 56 years ago. He graduated from the Wesleyan University of Delaware, 0., 1870, with the degree of B. A., subsequently receiving the M. A. degree and L.L. D., each from two colleges, and the Ph. D. from Mt. Union College. He taught school in Ka- nawha Co., reading law in the meantime, and graduated L.L. B. from Howard Uni- versity in '75. The Governor has been a life-long Republican and served as P. M. at Charleston '71-7, Dept. Col. Int. Rev. '77, Revenue Agent '78-81, U. S. Marshal '81-5, Congressman 89-90, Governor '97- 1901. Gov. Atkinson was connected ? r ith the W. Va. Journal of this city 1 $69-76, served as editor of the Wheeling Evening Standard '87; has written seven prominent books and altogether has had a very busy life. His public acts speak for themselves and as he is still in the prime oi life it is hoped that there are many years of use- fulness yet in store for him. Elliott Northcott is a native of Clarksburg and in the practice of law at Huntington for some ten years prior to his appointment as Ass't. U. S. Dist. Atty. in 1897. He wa.s reappointed July i, 1901. U. S. MARSHAL— John K. Thompson is a native of Va., and served in the Con- federate Army. He was elected to the W. Va. Legislature from Putnam Co. 1830 and appointed U. S. Marshal for W. Va. in 1897 and reappointed June, 1901, for the southern district. Douglas E. Hughes, a Kentuckian who served as corporation clerk in the Audi- tor's office, was commissioned Lieutenant of 2d. W. Va. Vol. in Spanish-American war, and July 1, 1901, appointed chief deputy in the Marshal's office. E. K. Reedy, also office deputy, is a na- tive of Va., 8 years in Charleston, and was serving as Dept. Int. Rev. Col. and chief clerk for Secretary of State prior to his present appointment. D. W. Cunningham, of Jackson Co , taught in the suburban schools, served on the examining board and has recently re- ceived his appointment for a second term as field deputy. State Capitol, Officials, Etc, The State Capitol first came to Charles- ton Apr. 1, 1870, and May 20, '75 was returned to Wheeling. Charlestonians sued out an injunction but to no effect. In '77 the people voted as to the prefer- ence of Clarksburg, Martinsburg and Charleston, the latter receiving the greatest vote and it was returned here. The old part of the capitol, shown on page 2, was erected 1870-1, and occupied by the legislature '72-4. After ten years the State House was completed practi- cally as it now stands, at a total cost of about $500,000. As this is insufficient for all State purposes the handsome Annex, shown herewith is building. The steps have been changed and other slight al- terations made from the completed draw- ing, as here shown. State statistics, top- 38 — Capitol Annex, June 1, J 901. ography, etc., have been given on pages take time to read he must necessarily have 9-13 to which the reader is referred. a judicious and diplomatic secretary. GOVERNORS have been inaugurated as follows: A. I. Boreman, June 20, 1863, D. D. T. Farnsworth, Feb. 27, '69; Wm. E. Stevenson, Mar. 4, '69; J. J. Jacob, '71; H. M. Mathews, '77; J. B. Jackson, '81, E. W. Wilson, '85; A. B. Fleming, after contest with Nathan Goff, Feb. 6, '90; W. A. MacCorkle, '93; G. W. Atkinson, '97; A. B. White, 1901. Gov. White was born at Cleveland, O., Sept. 22, 1856, and in early manhood published the National Teacher at Columbus. He graduated at Marietta College in 1878 and purchased the State Journal at Parkersburg in '81. He served as collector of Internal Revenue '89 to '96 and was elected governor, Nov. 1900 on the Republican ticket. Genl. E. L. Boggs, who served as the efficient private secretary of Gov. Atkin- son and had a thorough knowledge of of- ficial duties, has been retained by Gov. White. Gen. Boggs is a native of Holli- daysburg, Pa., and has been in the drug trade of Charleston since 1870. As the chief executive receives an average of 100 letters per day, many of which he cannot SECRETARIES OF STATE have been installed as follows: J. E. Boyers, '63; G. D. Hall, '65; J. S. Witcher, '67; J. M. Pipes, Feb., '69; J. M .Phelps, '71; C. Hed- rick, '73; S. Brady, '77; R. Stalnaker, '81; H. S. Walker, '85; W. A. Ohley, '90; W. E. Chilton, '93; W. M. O. Dawson, '97, 1901. Mr. Dawson is a native of Bloom- ington, Md., was merchandising for a time, taught district school, was editor of the Ptreston Co. Journal, elected on the republican ticket as State Senator 1880, '84, appointed to his present position '97 and re-appointed by Gov. White. He is serving a second term as chairman of the republican State executive committee. ATTORNEY GENERALS — The Attor- ney General stands as the arbiter of Jus- tice in the enforcement of the supreme laws of the State and the maintenance of the equal rights and privileges of Its people. He is the advisory counsel of the Executive and of the administration of the State, involving all cases of legal right and procedure. The succession has been A. B. Caldwell, '63; E. B. Hall, '65; 39 — Edwin Maxwell, '66; Thayer Melvin, '67; has been connected with the milling bus- A. B. Caldwell, '69; Jos. Sprigg, '71; H. M. iness for some time past. He was a leader Mathews, '73; R. White, '77; C. C. Watts, on the republican ticket, which won by '81; Alfred Caldwell, '85; T. S. Riley, '93; over 20,000 votes. C. L. Topping, for- E. P. Rucker, '97; R. H. Freer, 1901. merly clerk of the W. Va. Hospital for Judge Freer is a native of Trumbull Co., the Insane, officiates as chief clerk, as- O., practicing law in Ritchie Co., W. Va., sisted by A. D. Gates who has had four since 1868. He served in the State Legis- years' experience in the office. STATE SUPERINTENDENTS OF FREE SCHOOLS— W. R. White, '63; H. lature '90-1, was elected Judge in '96, Congressman '98 and Attorney General in 1900. Alex. Dulin, Ass't. Atty. Genl. is a native of Wirt Co., practicing law at Sut- A - G - zie S ler > ' 69 : A - D - Williams, 70; ton for twenty years prior to his present C S - Lewis > n > W - K. Pendleton, Jan., appointment in March, 1901. 73 ' B - W - Byrne, Mar, '73; W. K. Pen- dleton, '77; B. L. Butcher, '81; B. S. Mor- STATE AUDITORS— S. Crane, '63; J. gan, '85; V. A. Lewis, '93; J. R. Trotter, M McWhorter, '65; T. Boggess, '69; E, A. '97; T. C. Miller, 1901. Mr. Miller is a Bennett, '71; J. S. Miller, '77; P. F. Duffy, native of Fairmont, W. Va., served in the '85; I. V. Johnson, '93; L. M. LaFollette, civil war in the 7th W. Va. infantry, at- '97; A. C. Scherr, 1901. Mr. Scherr was tended Adrain College of Michigan, taught born in Switzerland in 1848, came to for a term in district schools and for 20 America in childhood, and for many years years was superintendent of the schools past has been a manufacturer of woolens at Fairmont, succeeding which he held the at Keyser, Mineral Co. The auditor is chair of pedagogy in the W. Va. Univer- virtually railroad and insurance com- sity for 8 years. He commenced his 4 missioner, collects all the State revenues year term as Supt. of Free Schools of this and issues warrants for disbursements. State Mar. 4, 1901. Supt. Miller having The several departments require ten ef- had over thirty years of experience in ficient clerks, who are under the direc- teaching is at home in school work. The tion of W. B. Mathews as chief. Mr. State Superintendent has general super- Mathews was born in Marshall Co., W. vision over county superintendents and Va., and has been in the auditor's office the free schools of the State; prepares the for four years. forms and blanks used by teachers, in- stitute work, etc. STATE TREASURERS— Campbell Tarr, '63; J. H. Bristor, '67; J. A. MaCauley, ADJUTANTS-GENERAL & STATE LI- '69; J. S. Burdett, '71; Sobieski Brady, '76; BRARIANS till '76 were the same. F. E. T. J. West, '77; T. O'Brien, '81; W. T. Pierpoint, '63; T. Hornbrook, Sept., '66; Thompson, '85; J. M. Rowan, '93; M. A. G. W. Brown, Nov., '66; I. H. Duval, '67; Kendall, '97; P. Silman, 1901. The treas- T. M. Harris, '69; J. M. Ewing, Jan., '71; urer receipts for all moneys paid to the E. L. Wood, '75; Wm. F. Butler, '81; State and, by preserving his checks, has E. L. Wood, '85; B. H. Oxley, '90; J. A. ' vouchers for what he pays out, about Holley, '93; J. W. M. Appleton, '97; S. B. two million dollars each year. Mr. Sil- Baker, 1901. Mr. Baker is a native of man is a native of Kanawha Co., and has Ohio, residing in Parkersburg, for 14 been one of Charleston's prominent citi- years past manager of the State Jour- zens for many years past, serving as nal. A. S. Hutson, Asst. Adj. Genl., a sheriff and in other places of trust. He native of Piedmont, Mineral Co., in the of- — 40 — ii mm iiJjLiiiEiit i i. I Annex— When Complete. fice for four years past, holds over under a full course of mining at Columbia Uni- civil service rules. versify, graduated from the W. Va. Uni- J. L. Cole was the first librarian who versify, with degree of B. S. C. E., 1893. was not also ex-officio adjutant general. He was in mining engineering on New C. L. Hagan came 1891; E. L. Wood, '93; River prior to his appointment by Gov. Guy T. Scott, '97; P. S. Shirkey, '98; 1 Atkinson. Although a young official Mr. W. Starks, 1901. Mr. Starks is a native Paul has been energetic and his statis- o£ Charleston, formerly in the grocery tical work has added much to the knowl- trade and was appointed Mar. 4th of this edge of the mining industry of this State, year. The State Law Library occupies upon which about 150,000 people now de- two large rooms in the capitol and has pend for a livelihood. over 11,000 volumes of legal reference. James Arthur Jackson has been Assistant Librarian since May 1st. CHIEF MINE INSPECTOR— The de- partment of mine inspector was created in 1883, in consequence of the rapid ad- vances in mining, to promote a health- TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES. On pages 14 to 20 we give information about the rivers and boats, which are es- sential to Charleston's steady progres- ful condition of mines, see that all laws sion; but in these days of rapid move- for safety of miners are enforced, and col- ment it is even more so to have good rail- lect statistics relating to this growing in- road connections and this was first dustry. Prior to '97 each district inspec- brought to the Kanawha Valley through tor reported directly to the governor. J. the Chesapeake & Ohio which was built W. Paul was made chief inspector Apr. through this region in 1873, forming a 20, '97, and was reappointed this year for direct connection from east to west, not a second term. Mr. Paul is a native of only giving a railroad outlet to the vast Newburg, Preston Co., and after taking mineral and timber wealth of this val- — 41 — C. & O. Freight Depot. ley but making an ideal route for tourists and health seekers. No other region in the world has a greater variety of sul- phur and mineral waters than along the C. & O. and few if any present better or more luxurious accomodations. Space will hardly permit of detail but the entire 666 miles of main line with a dozen branches aggregating 432 miles, a total, of 1098 miles, may well be termed" a tourists' route as the constant changing" scenery and attractions both of nature and art cannot fail to interest the most stupid. Eight passenger trains through Charles- ton daily, crowded with tourists and pros- pectors, give evidence of the popularity of the C. & 0., the ticket sales for the first quarter of 1901 from this office showing $111,742. The freight department at Charleston is a busy scene requiring 15 handlers and clerks, and averaging to load and unload over 800 cars per month for this city alone, consisting largely of wholesale groceries, meats, sugars, and merchan- dise, wood, coal, and bark to the Tan- ner's & Dyer's Extract Co.; extract sent out as well as machinery and castings by the Ward Engineering Works and the O. A. & W. T. Thayer's foundries. The freight business heie is in charge of L. H. Moseman, a native of Ohio, for 11 years with the C. & O., and 8 years in this of- fice. The management are ashamed of the old passenger depot and request that it be not iJlustrated, as it is soon to be replaced by a fne modern structure, in keeping with the excellencies of the road and the advance- ment of Charleston. C. M. Boren, pas- senger agt. at Charleston, came here with the present year from Ironton, O., the city of his nativity, and as passenger and ticket agent holds office in the W. U. Telegraph rooms. The Ohio Central Lines. The Sunday Creek R. R., built in 1879, Atlantic & Lake Erie, started prior to that time, and several other smaller in- terests, as well as the Toledo & Ohio Cen- tral and the Kanawha & Michigan are now known to the public as the Ohio Central Lines. The two latter with — 42 — K. & M. Freight Depot, Built 1900. through passenger and freight connec- tiai part of the State, undulating over tions under one management, maintain bridges and embankments, along larger distinct organizations, but work in uni- water ways, or through tunnels, to span son. The K. & M. was completed to the broad Ohio river at Point Pleasant, Charleston in 1883, and the route finished, over a bridge well up in the air in order by various consolidations, from Corning to clear the smoke stacks of passing" to Gauley, a distance of 163 miles, ten boats, continuing on a steel trestle above years later. There is now 583 miles in the house tops, over a portion of that the 0. C. L. system and branch lines are historic place; thence up the celebrated being built up Smithers Creek and Boom- Kanawha Valley, in sight of the wonder- ers Branch for accommodation to the ful system of locks and movable dams, rapidly developing coal interests of that shown on pages 12-17, through the capital region, which at this time is one of the city of W. Va., to Gauley Bridge, where most important coal mining sections of it connects with the Chesapeake & Ohio West Virginia, producing a high grade system from the east and south. Not of steam, domestic and gas coals. The only is the panorama of nature, with all O. C. L. system is being relaid with heavy the diversities between the level near the steel rails and it is the design of the lake, to the summit reached in the Alle- management to speedily replace all wood- ghanies, one of pleasure to the tourist, en bridges and trestles with substantial but the busy hum of industry at the nu- iron and stone structures. merous manufacturing cities reached by From a scenic point of view pretty this system is one of great interest to nearly everything in nature is found be- the thoughtful, while the engineering fea- tween Gauley, in the Alleghany Moun- tures, the magnificent public and private tains, and Toledo, on the Great Lakes, buildings found at the two state capi- This route passes through the redeemed tals and other large cities, the handsome dead level Black Swamp, of northern parks and other beauties of nature and Ohio, where the roadbed is for many art, are greatly enjoyed by the health miles straight as an arrow, thence trav- seeker and tourist. While nearly every ersing the smaller streams in the cen- standard article of commerce is made at — 43 — 'OS\ij ■ i i '-^snjj • '"'"' ■ \c , A i i. ' "JT"" |\-\ // ■ '■■ ;. W®. i ■' \\/ ji - ;•. { .*• ■" -r ;•. *J K. & M. Bridge Over Elk. some place along this line, there is still room for more, and at Charleston in par- ticular there are excellent openings for factories using lumber, coal, coke, natural gas, fire-clay, glass-sand, hides, etc., in fact, substantial inducements and pros- pects for good profits are offered in many legitimate and standard lines. Last year the K. & M. erected the commodious freight depot, illustrated herewith, and the present season intends to build a handsome pressed brick pas- senger station, which will have tile floors and all modern conveniences. A large gathering yard is being fitted up at Quin- cy, 14 miles above Charleston, and ground for modern machine shops has been purchased at Hobson, near the cen- ter of the K. & M. division. The man- agement contemplates spending a million dollars in improvements on the K. & M. Railroad the present year. Every atten- Kanawha Falls on K. & M. R. R. — 44 — n^i,#- , aw g^Klte^Sg^;'-^-^^" 5 "*" " *°~ -".-"*" '--■■— •*. ^M.(,M>mmii aaa^^strjIfe^^^'ntiWL.is..-. -*--*■•■ -"^ K. & M. Bridge at Gauley tion is given to E*S«rTtr m9HF ^■yj JJ^jBRkratai^s. ^fa^^^Kr ' ' it r^Wr'^fiffl IfcZ? - t&^'&S&h >^«i '■ ^^^Wic •L ~ X "~ \ ' King Branch Falls. Charleston, Clendennin and Sutton. The Elk River has almost an inexhaus- tible supply of timber and milling wealth. As early as 1837 the steamboat Little Ka- nawha ascended to Queen Shoals and the the needs of the travel- ing public. The K. & M. freight business at Char- leston is one of no small moment, as the handlings for this city proper shows about 700 cars per month, largely of hay and feed, merchandise, etc. The whole- sale houses and manufactories send out about 150 cars per month, while the coal billed, by firms having offices in this city and nearby, averages 2,000 cars per month. The freight yards at this place receives some 600 cars per month from the C. C. & S. loaded with lumber, staves, bituminous and cannel coal. Moulton Houk, Genl. Pass'r Agt., re- sides at Toledo, while E. E. Heiner, of Charleston, is Pass'r Agent for the K. & M. railroad with offices in the Citizens' National Bank building. Mr. Heiner, is a native of Washington, O., and for 13 years past on the K & M., having been promoted to his present position Sept. 1, 1900. C. E. Fultz, Gen'l. Agent for the K. & M. is a native of Rushville, O., and in Charleston some 11 years past; W. G. Christmas, Supt, has been connected with this road for ten years; N. P. Baker, Genl. Road Master, for 15 years and R. W. Harris, Master Mechanic for several years past. — 45 — Paul Pry the following year, but navi- gation for commercial purposes was con- sidered impracticable. In 1891, some of the public spirited men of Charleston, realizing the great benefits to be derived both to this city and to points along the line, took out a charter for the above rail- road. The survey was made the follow- ing spring, a contract let for the section to Clendenin, which was completed early in '93 and train service put on. In the latter part of 1894. J. Wainwright, J. W. Drake, W. D. Stratton and other capitalists purchased a controlling in- terest and the line was extended to Clay Court House, 32 miles distant, in '95-6. An addition of 12 miles is now in pro- cess of construction to Big Otter Creek, which will make 64 miles that will soon be in operation, and it is believed that the connecting link, of 36 miles, between there and Sutton, will soon be made. Communication with the B. & 0. system at Sutton would make a short cut to Parkersburg, Pittsburg, as well as to any point north, east, or west. N. T. Arnold, of Ridgway, Pa., recently pur- chased 24,000 acres of coal land in that vicinity and with others is building a railroad from Bellington to Clarksburg. Ihese roads are essential to the Penna. R. R. interests, and it is believed in com- mercial centers that the connecting link oi the C. C. & S. will promptly be com- pleted. The C. C. & S., although not a long line is rapidly becoming a very impor- tant one, as it penetrates probably the largest tract of hard wood forest to be found in the U. S., where some 400,000 acres of oak, poplar, and other woods become accessible. Among the large lumber firms along this line are W. S. Lewis, L. E. Burdette, and C. L. Ritter Co., of this city, the Clay Lumber Co., Leatherwood Lumbar Co., Davis S. Col- C.> C. & S. Depot, at Charleston. — 46 — Elk River Collieries at Queen Shoals lins Co., which latter interest alone ex- 250 tons a day of fine steam and domes- tends for ten miles along this route., tic or cokeing coal. Some 50 men are operating seven mills and handling all now employed which number will be kinds of hard and soft wood lumber, rapidly increased and by end of the pres- hewn and sawed, oak ties, etc. The Nar- ent year will be doubled. The company row Gauge R. R. of W. S. Lewis, which owns 800 acres at this point, the seam runs some 24 miles into the forests on being about iV 2 feet in what is known tne north side of Elk river, connects by as the No. 5. M. Beane of Charleston ferry with the C. C. & S. at Shelly June- is the efficient superintendent. tion and brings out immense quantities of staves and other forest products to this line. The environments of the Elk are not precipitous, as the hills are usually gen- tle inclines and a fair share of them are tillable when the virgin forests are re- moved. There are numerous connecting streams which form easy roadways and outlets to the uplands. There are sev- eral ideal picnic groves; growing vil- lages at Clendennin, Reamer, Queen Shoals. Porters. Shelton, Big Beechy and elsewhere. CLAY LUMBER CO. is running three mills at Porter's Creek. A new circle with capacity of 25,000 ft. has recently been completed, making three mills with an output of 65,000 feet of lumber per day. The company has 22 miles of steel log roads and three locomotives, using in the several departments 225 men, un- der charge of Peter Carroll, who is one of the original organizers. The product here is principally oak, poplar, and other hard wood lumber which is shipped di- rect to customers all over the country. The company holds property valued ELK RIVER COLLIERIES CO. at above $100,000 and has reached the most Queen Shoals has a pretty mining village sanguine expectations of its promoters, which will doubtless become of con- Burkett & Edwards have a mill at Big siderable importance. The business Beechy with 20,000 ft. capacity per day. started 1898 now has an output of about This was erected by Meeker & Melton — 47 — Clay Court House. some two years since and leased by the mous and cannel coal, and there is per- present parties Feb., 1901. There are three miles of tramway here and the lum- ber product is handled by D. S. Collins & Co. CLAY COURT HOUSE— At the old ter- minus of the line nestles among the picturesque hills of Elk the important village and shire town of Clay county. Although but 500 inhabitants it is a dis- tributing centre for a large scope of coun- try, and its merchants depend upon the C. C. & S. and Charleston as a base of supplies. The people of that country are not idle as more than 200 car loads of lumber, telegraph poles, staves, and other wood products are billed monthly from Clay. "We give herewith a good bird's eye view of the principal street. Not only do all the above products find exit over the C. C. & S. through Charles- ton, but there are several excellent coal mines, furnishing a fine grade of bitu- haps not another road in the U. S. of 52 miles in length, that handles the freight cars of so many different roads as does the C. C. & S., for it ships lumber as far west as Minnesota, as far east as Maine, and to all the intervening states. The management has recently added 20 new freight cars, from the Am. Car & Foundry Co. and an order is now in for 100 40-ton coal cars, to supply the de- mand of the opening mines along the line. A passenger train leaves Charles- ton at 7:30 each morning, and Clay C. H. fo;r Charleston at 2:15. The officers are J. Wainwright, Gen. Manager, of Phil- aelphia; W. D. Stratton, Pres, of New York; C. C. Lewis, Sr., V.-Pres., of Charleston; Pierre W. Bnggs, Treas., of New York; W. A. MacCorkle, Genl. Counsel, of Charleston, to whose tact and persistence, the extensions are largely due; and C. K. McDermott, Genl. Supt., who has been with the road from its in- — 48 cipiency, residing in Charleston since 1872. Queen Shoals and Porter Sta. will be illustrated on pages 66-7. CAMPBELL'S CREEK R. R.— This road commenced in 18C5 by the Camp- bell's Creek Coal Co., has been extend- ed from time to time u*> the creek from Dana and with the present year has been chartered as a common carrier, thirteen miles surveyed and under construction. AlS Dana is but five miles distant from Charleston and the leading officials of the road reside here, it is considered a factor in the general upbuilding. The Campbell's Creek Coal Co. has been in operation for 38 years, during which time it has produced nearly 50,000,000 bush- els of coal. It has recently leased 1,354 acres additional lands and expects to continue production at the rate of three to five million bushels per year. The firm have nearly 400 men employed. M. W. Venable, the engineer in charge of railroad building, is an accomplished civil engineer with office at 56 Capitol St.; and Ed. Knight, the attorney, is of the firm Brown, Jackson & Knight, no- ticed under legal profession. J. E. Dana, Pies., is a native of N. Y., with the Campbell's Creek Coal Co. from its start and for 16 years past a resident of Charleston. THE CHARLESTON TRACTION CO.— In 1897 T. J. Carmack, of Cleveland, pur- chased the old horse car track and fran- chise and shortly afterward the Charles- ton Traction Co. was incorporated with $100,000 capital stock. The new com- pany rent power from the Charleston Gas ^r Electric Co., has five miles of track and four motor cars. An office and barn has been erected on the West Side and Russell A. Brown of Cleveland, who be- came the principal owner two years since contemplates extensive improvements to the line, which are very much needed as the present rolling stock is out of date. Clendennin, on the C, C. & S. Ry. — 4y — Union School,- Erected J 892. Educational Interests. It is recorded as a matter of history that Sir Wm. Berkley, governor of Vir- ginia, in 1670, on a report of the condi- tion of the colony, said: "Thank God! there are no free sehools or printing presses and I hope there will be none for a hundred years; for learning has brought disobedience, heresy and sects into the world, and printing has divulged these and other libels." The governor's desire for a hundred years of ignorance was well attained, but with freedom from the Brit- ish yoke the United States took on pro- gression and the legislature of Virginia, in 1796, passed an act authorizing the county courts to build school houses, for the education of children from 6_ to 16 years of age, whenever the voters should so elect, but this became a dead letter because of the indifference of the popu- lace. In 1808, an act was passed to use the funds from the sale of the glebe on church lands to maintain free schools, which for a long time were attended only by those whose parents were too poor to pay their tuition at academies or pri- vate schools. Acts were passed, in 1836 and again in '46, amending the school laws, and in 1847, the system was quite well perfected; but public education never became popular in this section until the formation of West Virginia in 1863, and resultant changes from the new condi- tion of affairs subsequent to the civil war. EARLY SCHOOLS.— Among those who taught in Charleston prior to 1850 were Lewis Ruffner, Hank VanMetre, John Hereford, Joseph Springer, Fannie Thay- er, Jacob Gibbs and others. Col. David Ruffner organized the Mercer Academy, Feb., 1818, and deeded the lot on which the First Presbyterian church now stands to the purposes of religion and education. A building was erected that year and a — 50 — Mercer School, Built 1888. liberal course of education maintained, in what was practically Charleston's only school prior to 1864. H. P. Gaines was an early teacher of note in the academy. The building was partly burned in '64, but repaired and used by the U. S. Army as a guard-house till July, '65. It was then used by the negroes for a church and school house. On legal contest the title was given to the board of educa- tion, which sold to the present owners and the proceeds went toward the pur- chase of the Mercer school lot, and per- petuates the original name, given in honor of Genl. Mercer of Revolutionary fame. Many older citizens still longed for the academic school and in 1867 J. McC. Blaney and others chartered the Charles- ton Institute, which flourished till about '73, when the growing efficiency of the public schools superseded its necessity. Dr. J. C. Ban* became principal of the institute '68, and N. G. Geddes associated in '69. Prof. B. Gans had charge '71-3. The building, which occupied the Sum- mers St. end of the Government lot, was burned about 1875. PUBLIC SCHOOLS.— A public school was opened in 1864, in the basement of the Virginia St. M. E. Church, by J. T. Brodt, who was succeeded in '66 by Mr. Steele, and after a few months by C. P. Snyder, who taught till '69. On the north side of town John Shepperd commenced in '65; Rev. John Connors, '67-9. Olive Swallow, from Ohio, oraved Southern opinion and opened a public school for the negro children, 1864, succeeded by Mr. and Mrs. Sharpe, and they by Wm. H. Davis who continued m '89. The bet- ter citizens of Charleston united upon the school question in 1868 and the fol- lowing year a two-story brick structure, having four common and two large rooms, was erected as the nucleus for the Union school. This was opened with 51 — wk \ y* } 1 111 / || ■ »■ .'Ma. Wk MtAcn yafiA '■ flR£l 9 v BPI 1 • <1*/ EU 1 j -'*^'B jKriv *yi Lincoln School, Erected J 898. Smart & Tingley as pripcipals, '69, Major superintendent's office are kept in this Rudd, '70; A. B. Jones, '71; John Dod- building; but with the erection of a High dridge, '72; S. H. Patrick, '73-8. Prof. School of modern design, now in con- Patrick arranged a graded course, start- templation, will be removed to the new ed a high school about 1874, with Nannie structure, and relieve the crowded con- V. Noyes principal. In 1876 Geo. S. Laid- dition of the other departments. The ley succeeded as principal, and in '78 he Mercer school, erected in 1888, at a cost was elected as superintendent. After of about $40,000, is a three story, twelve three years he gave place to C. H. Smart room building, containing a commodious for two years, and was again returned auditorium which seats from 700 to 800 to the charge in '83, since which time he persons, and the structure is well adapted has been continuous at the helm, having to school purposes. Lincoln school on the the West Side is a modern ten room structure which was erected in 1898 at a cost of $23,000. It is of pressed brick, has steel ceilings, is on an up-to-date plan and the basement is well lighted experience m now had 23 years Charleston schools. While Charleston has no universities nor colleges, except the Commercial, it may well be proud of its public schools, which are seldon equaled by a city of this and ventilated. Erected at a moderate size and represent property valued at cost for its size and excellence it reflects $180,000. The largest building is the Union on State St., which was erected in 1892, and has cost above $70,000. This is much credit upon the board who super- vised the same. The Elk is a two story, four room, frame building, also on the three stories in height, containing 21 West Side, while the Garnett in the Sixth recitation rooms. The high school and ward is a two story, eight rom, brick, for — 52 - Garnett School, Built 1890. colored pupils, erected in 1890 at a cost college preparatory. The Board of Edu- of $10,000. The Ruffner school in the cation are A. T. Cabell, J. E. Chamber- Seventh ward is a four room frame, and lain . Joel Cottrell, Geo. R. Jacobs, H. B. the board have a two room building on Lewis, Geo. Minsker, N. B. Swarr, J. R. Sage St. rented, for the use of colored Tnomas - and R. B. Cassady, reducing pupils. The enrolment for 1900 showed 2671 pupils of whom 421 were colored. The the number from eleven to nine. L. L. Price is the efficient secretary of the board, Geo. Minsker president. CAPITAL CITY COMMERCIAL COL- enumeration for this year shows 2,99 1 T -cmm T ,, „ LEGE— In these days of rapid business whites of school age and 637 colored, development and specialties in life, the making a total of 3.634. Supt. Geo. S. business college is a necessity to the Laidley is a native of this city, a gradu- young man or woman who would succeed ate of the West Virginia University, class in the commercial world, and Charleston of 1876, and has been, since 1883, con- i s favored with a Commercial College, un- secutively in charge of the Charleston der the management of a man who haa public schools, which are a credit to his had fifteen years' experience in this spec- management and the progressive Board ial line of educational work. This school of Education. The gradations consist was established in 1892 by W. B. Elliott, of eight subdivisions before entrance to and from a small beginning, has pushed the four year High School course. The its way to the front in business education, first graduates were Mattie Brown and The college now occupies two entire floors Mary E. Jones in '79, since which 122 of the new Coyle & Richardson building, have been graduated. The primary, in- Nos. 312 and 314 Quarrier street. As an termediate, and grammar gradss include outgrowth of this institution, two other all the common studies, as well as phy- prospective schools have been established siology and hygiene, civil government, in W . Va.. the Elliott School of Business calisthenics, vocal music and drawing, and Shorthand. Wheeling, and the Elliott while the High School presents a four Commercial College, Fairmont. These year curriculum which is practical and schools are all under the direct Tanage- — 53 — Brick Row on S. S. Virginia Street. ment of Mr. Elliott, and the unusual suc- cess of these institutions is the best evi- dence of the thoroughness of the work done. The term of school here is continuous, students entering at any time of the year ent Daily Mail and Gazette were started. The first of which we find record was the Kanawha Patriot, started by H. P. Gain-33 in 1819; subsequent to which a score of short-lived journals were started prior to the sixties. In May, '56, Rundal, Merrill and each taking up his work according to & Kennedy, from Buffalo, W. Va., started his capability. Students are constantly coming and going, as positions are availa- ble whenever the student has become pro- ficient. Complete Commercial and Short- hand and Typewriting courses are given, a complete scholarship costing $45 5n either department. Further information may be had by addressing the Capital City Commercial College, Charleston, W. Vh., and we are sure you will be liberally dealt with and properly cared for if you attend this institution. THE PRESS — A well conducted news- paper is a powerful educator and the press properly comes under educational matters. Charleston, however, has been a grave yard for newspapers, no journal ex- cepting the Kanawha Republican having lived more than ten years, until the pres- the Kanawha Valley Star, which lived five years. The W. Va. Journal was started in '64 by S. S. & E. T. Moore. G. W. Atkin- son, now ex-Governor, purchased an in- terest in '69 and in '71 A. F. Gibbec.3 bought in and it was published by Gi'o- bens, Atkinson & Co. until it reverted to S. S. Moore & Bro., '76, who continued it a year. The W. Va. Courier was started in '70 by H. S. Walker, and continued for some time to be a paper of large impor- tance. The Kanawha Daily in '71 was the first attempt in that line. It was merged with the Courier shortly after- wards, and changed to a tri-weekly in '73. Liggett & Burdette purchased the office m '78 and continued the Courier two years. Liggett & Foster started the Greenback League in '80, changing to Charleston News in '81, which suspended '82. The — 54 — 3nH ^^^^SP^^^^H tM&iFr * '. --.jQHBHP iaiVjJtV5^- - * m _<^^9 Hub > • .. — - 7» «^ Old Piers at Gauley on K. & M. Charleston Herald started by J. B. Walker '70, continued two years. Couch Bros, published the Temperance Star four months in '74. The Nonpariel, started In '77 by J. V. Henderson, continued for some time. R. H. Freer began the Charleston Leader '78, which in '80 was purchased by Irwin & Cracraft. The Daily Leader com- menced Mar. 5, '83, lived for a short time. There have been numerous religious, so- ciety and other journals of short duration. THE KANAWHA GAZETTE is a suc- cessor of the Kanawha Chronicle, which was started in 1872 by Chas. B. Webb. After five years the office was purchased by Pemberton & Jarreti. and the name changed to the Kanawha Gazette. In '79 Pemberton became sole proprietor and Jan. 12, '83, sold a half interest to Moses W. Donnally. A daily was issued for a week in '84, hut discontinued. In '88 Mr Donnally, having acquired the entire in- terest, commenced the daily, which he continued until the plant was sold to Col O'Brien Moore in '97. The interest wa3 incorporated as the Gazette Co. in '98 and in Apr., '01, Mr. Donnally became business with a Cox Duplex press, capacity of 6,500 papers, printed, pasted and folded per hour, the Gazette has become an impor- tant factor in Charleston's progressive march. George Byrne, editor of the Ga- zette, is a practical newspaper man an1 knows well how to wield the pen and scissors for this Democratic daily and weekly. The Donnally Publishing Co. and Gazette together employ about 50 hands in the various departments and are pre- pared to turn out anything in the publish- ing line. THE DAILY MAIL traces its start back to the Evening Call, May, '81, by Swann & Warren. George Byrne Mar., '83, pur- chased Swann's interest, Warren died the following Oct. and Jan. '84, the office was purchased by Mr. White, who changed the name to Charleston Daily Times. J. II Starr purchased the office in '86, renamed the paper Star and consolidated with the Tribune, making Star-Tribune. The State Tribune had been started Sept. 17, '81, by A. F. Gibbens. He sold to M. B. Reber who continued till the Tribune Company was organized. The evening Mail wis manager, the paper having been changed started in '93 by F. R. Swann, who a year to an evening daily, the office removed to later sold to Jarrett & Floyd. M. W. Don- the Donnally Publishing Co. quarters at nally purchased this through trustee's 305 Kanawha St., a new dress put on, and sale in '97 and shortly afterwards sold it — 55 — to the Tribune Company, which was in • corporated Dec, 1897, and March, '92, effected a consolidation of the Daily Eve- ning Mail with the Weekly Tribune, mak- ing the Mail-Tribune. After passing through various reverses the Mail-Tribune was purchased June 20th, 1901, and a charter issued to the Charleston Daily Mail Publishing Co., E. C. Colcord, R. B. Cassady, J. E. Dana, N. S. Burlew and L. E. McWhorter becoming proprietors. E. E. Hood is editor and Hugh F. Kyle has charge of the city department. The Tribune Company still continues a complete job printing establishment at No. 79 Capitol street. W. VA. SCHOOL JOURNAL was started in 1874, but not fully established until Nov., '81, from which date it takes its volume and number. T. B. McCain was first editor, B. L. Butcher and John M. Birch, managers. It was established wit'i the view of giving the freshest school news from all parts of the State, and as an official organ of the State Supt. of Free Schools. It gives special day exercises, unique problems and answers, teachers' institute programmes, and many other features of great value to teachers. Hav- ing now been regularly published in Charleston for 20 years, it is recognizer! as one of the fixtures of this place. Sta!-3 Supt. Thomas C .Miller, editor, is men- tioned under State officials. M. P. Shaw- key, assistant editor and business man- ager, is a native of Jefferson Co., Pa, graduated from the Ohio Wesleyan Uni- versity, 1894, and taught in the W. Va. Conference Seminary two years prior to having been appointed chief clerk in the Dept. of Free Schools of W. Va., March '97. The School Journal is published monthly, has a bona fide subscription list of nearly 5,000, and is read by a large majority of the progressive teachers in the State. Its pages (type matter) are 5x8 in. and sold to advertisers at the low M. E. Church, South. rate of $85 per year, or $25 for 3 mo. Sub- scription price to the Journal is $1 per year. For further information address the manager. THE W. VA. HISTORICAL MAGAZINE was started the present year as the offi- cial journal of the Historical and Anti- quarian Society, of which Dr. J. P. Hale was the prime mover and is editor. It was organized in 1890 and chartered Feb., 1891. Books and donations of a historical nature were called for and the society succeeded in obtaining possession of the W. Va. Centennial Exhibit and had it vp- moved to the State House. This, together with the library which has accumulated, will have better rooms in the Annex wl^n that building is completed. The present officers of the society are J. P. Hal«, Pres.; Rev. R. D. Roller, D. D., Gen'l. Sec; Hon. G. W. Patton, Treas.; Joseph Ruftner, Chrm. Executive Board; J. W. Paul, Sec. The Kanawha Valley Democrat was started about March, '95, by Perry & Dad- ley and has been since conducted as a — 56 weekly, being now owned by J. W. Dud- ley & Co., at 286 Kanawha St., up-stairs. It circulates in the rural districts of rhf Kanawha and Elk Valleys. S. W. Nichols & Co. are running a book and job office at the corner of Virginia and Summers St. F. W. Snyder, manager. S. S. Moore & Co. have a job printing office in connection with their book store No. 50 Capitol St. R. W. Vandale & Co. have a job office at the corner of Quarrier and McFarlan 1 Sts. Mr. Vandale is a native of Roane Co , fourteen years in Charleston, formerly in the book business, from which he gradu- ally drifted into job printing and now ha^ good facilities in that line. MANUFACTURING. It is generally known that no other interest gives to a city the importance and permanence that may be gained by diversified manufacturing and for the purpose of extending those interests these pages have been compiled. Our Chamber of Commerce believes that the city should make every reasonable concession towards the industries here, which are using tne raw material of the valley and disbursing large amounts to the laboring classes. While Charleston has a goodly number of industrial concerns, there is abundance of room for more, and our transporta- tional, mineral and educational advan- tages shown on pages 10-17 and 41-55, to- gether with reasons given on pages 33-6 and ocher places in this work, will doubt- less awaken prospectors to an investiga- tion of Charleston's merits. That it has many superior features is cleaily shown in this pamphlet, and with the financial aid that can be secured here for legiti- mate enterprises there is every reason to believe that the early years of the twenti- eth century will be prosperous ones to the capital city of W. Va. Following we give some plain matters of detail regarding in- dustrial concerns now doing business in Charleston and its suburbs: Miscellaneous Manufacturing. THE CHARLESTON WATER CO.— Good water works are a necessary ad- junct to the manufacturing, sanitary, fire protection and other progressive features of a city, and the Charleston plant com- menced in 1884 was completed the follow- Manufacturing Site — Petersburg. -57 — Water Works ing year, now having about 25 miles of mains. Its two Dean pumps of 1,500,000 gallon daily capacity proved insufficient for a bountiful supply and five years since a McGowan pump of 3,000,000 capacity was added, which enables the company to meet every demand. A reservoir of a million gallon capacity is located on the adjoining hill and ground has been broken for one four times as large, but the sup- ply is principally sent direct through the mains and the average pressure of 60 lbs. is increased to 115 lbs. when a fire or other emergency necessitates it. Above 80 fire plugs are scattered at convenient distances throughout the city. The pump station, illustrated herewith, is on the east bank of the Elk, and supplied with five of the celebrated Levi filters, which are the invention of Mr. Levi, who has been superintendent of the machinery since the plant was first installed. This device is the most perfect sand filter yet Invented, having many points of superior- ity over the Hyatt, Jewell and other stand- Pumping; Station. ard filters, for large water supply. All the perforated plates of any Levi filter can be cleaned or renewed in a few min- utes, avoiding the usual expense of other filters in shutting down and digging out the impacted sand. Judge Jas. H. Brown, who died Oct. 28, 1900, was president of the water companv for several years; B. W. Knight is vice- president; W. S. Laidley, secreiaiy; Frank Woodman, superintendent and treasurer. Meter rates for manufacturing purposes are made from 12y 2 to 30 cts. per 1,000 gallons, according to amount used. The maximum price for all purposes is gov- erned by contract with the city. CHARLESTON GAS & ELECTRIC CO. A gas plant was started in this city in 1871 by Chas. Ward and about 1880 was reorganized by E. B. Knight and others. The Kanawha Electric Co. was organized in '87, capital stock $50,000, Philip Frank- enberger and O. H. Michaelson, principal owners. In 1891 the above interests were — 58 — Electric Power and Light Plant. merged and capital stocK made $200,000. place. Started by Solomon Minsker, in The gas plant has 6 miles of mains and 1862, as an adjunct to the flour mill, where supplies the principal residences, stores, now stands the Silman milling plant, it halls and public buildings with a portion had a steady increase, and the present of the illumination. The electric plant factory was erected in 1874. This required has a capacity for 180 arc lights, a part a large additional outlay, and Frank of which is taken by the city and a part Woodman, who was born in Wis. in 1846, by individuals and firms. Its incandescent of New England parentage, and who was dynamos supply 2,000 lights, which are following the profession of civil engineer, usually taken by contract, ranging from became interested in 1875 and shortly a minimum of 25 cts. to $1 per month, afterwards purchased the plant, of which according to number of lights used and he continues to be principal owner, after hours kept burning. This plant furnishes more than a quarter of a century. Under power for the Charleston Traction Co. the present management the main brick and for a number of small electric motors, factory, 63x100 ft., was raised another Its officers are Frank Woodman, Pres.: story, a lean-to added to the machine and W. S. Laidley, Sec; J. A. deGruyter, storage department, which is 50x90 ft., Treas.; J. H. Hatcher, Supt. Office is in and a frame store room 25x63 ft. erected, Burlew Opera House. doubling the former capacity. More than 1,000 spindles and 29 looms are kept in KANAWHA WOOLEN MILLS — Among operation in the production of flannels the oldest successful industrial concerns and blankets in which 60 hands find em- of this city the above takes a prominent ployment and the output reaches $75,000 — 59 — Kanawha Woolen per year. The plant consumes 200,000 ibi of raw material each year, about two thirds of the wool used being W. Va grown and one-third secured in the West. There is abundance of sheep grazing lands in this section and every reason why no.; only this but many other mills might be supplied by the home product. Solomon Minsker, Supt., is a mechanic of rare genius and arduous in his labors; Geo. Minsker, Pres., is a native of Charleston and son of the original proprietor, while Frank Woodman is Sec.-Treas. With his varied interests here Mr. Woodman is too well known to need an extended mention, but suffice to say that in addition to being principal owner in the Glen Elk Furni- ture Co., Vulcan Iron Works, Burlew Opera House, Charleston Gas & Electric Co. and Water Works Co., he holds a large interest in the Dawley Furniture Co. (Wholesale), Brooks Meade & Co. (installment 'business), the Kanawha Brick Co., Donaldson Lumber Co., mining interests in Colorado, is treasurer of the Mountain Lake Land Co., which owns 50. 000 acres of iron ore property, and has various other interests which we have Mills, Built \ 874. not space to detail. Mr. Woodr.un iias done a full share towards Charleston's progression and beautification, and haa all citizens here of like means shown a comparative interest in her upbuilding tiie city would unquestionably be progressive. We illustrate herewith his handsome home on Kanawha St., erected some ten years ago. THE TANNER'S AND DYER'S EX- TRACT CO. — A business of no mean im- portance to Charleston is done by the above company which was organized ten years ago and secured a 11 -acre site ad joining the C. & O. R. R., 1% miles below the Kanawha bridge, where buildings were erected and fitted for the extract business. In 1894 the buildings were de- stroyed by fire, but at once rebuilt with double the former capacity. For several years about 20 bbls. per day was the out- put, while at present 65 bbls., a full car- load, is turned out each day. The product is concentrated and refined extract of Chestnut Oak bark and wood for tanners. Quercitron and Sumac extracts for dyeing and printing. The entire products of the 60 Tanners and Dyers Extract Works. firm are consumed by less than half a hundred large tanning and dyehouse firms, some of which are In Gormany, Russia, Australia and other foreign lands The Tanner's & Dyer's Extract Co., of Charleston has authorized capital of $200,000, 108,000 of which is paid in, and the plant with all its appurtenances is valued considerably above the latter fig- ure. Employment is given to about 50 hands here, besides the >arge numl.er who fnd work in shipping barks and woods to the plant, which consumes an average of 5 cars per day of raw material and in addition to the waste used as fuel a car- load of coal per day is also burned, which with the finished product makes a hand- ling of about 2,000 cars per year for this company alone. The raw materials for this company are secured from the bound- less resources of the Kanawha and Elk "'alleys, by rail and river, and its financial income largely goes to the benefit of the merchants, mechanics and laborers of this vicinity. With thousands of hides shipped from the Kanawha valley annual- ly to distant points and all the necessar- ies for tanning industries to be found in this region it would appear that a large tannery might be successfully conducted in Charleston. The continued and in- creasing success of the above firm is pleasing to Charlestonians, and a credit to the men who are conducting its opera- tions. H. N. Gilt, of Hanover, Pa., is Pres. and Treas.; Louis A. Glaser, of Charleston, Sec, and W. P. Stine, of Char- leston, Gen'l. Manager. Mr. Stine is a native of Hanover, Pa., residing in Char- leston for ten years past. The plant shown herewith was half burned June 30, 1901, and has been rebuilt on a larger scale, increasing the output to above 80 bbls. per day. — 61 — Diamond Ice and Cold Storage. DIAMOND ICE AND COAL CO.— The and assistants make it their aim at all Diamond Ice Co. was incorporated in 1883 times to give prompt and satisfactory ser- and the business was very much extended vice to their many patrons. F. M. Staun- ana reincorporated in 1891 as the Diamond ton, Pres., is a native Charlestonian "and Ice & Coal Co. This company began with with the ice company from its start. I. N. a small machine, of 5 tons capacity and Smith, Sec.-Treas., also a native of the has extended and enlarged it's plant to city, has been for several years connected keep pace with the increasing demand in with the company. trade until it now has a capacity of 100 SILMAN MILLING CO.— A mill was tons, and is one of the best equipped and built on Kanawha street near Elk river most modern ice plants to be found nearly 50 years ago, in the seventies, was in the country. As natural ice is a very run by Minsker & Co., and in 1885 was uncertain crop in this latitude the enter- incorporated as the L. A. Carr Milling prise has received a liberal encourage- C o. At that time it was remodeled into ment from the start. a modern mill, with 22 sets of rolls for Its coal business has kept pace with the wh eat and 6 for corn, at an expense above ice business so that it has one of the larg- $25,000. In 1897 it was reincorporated as est and best equipped coal yards in the the Silman Milling Co., capital $25,000, community. The company has recently and in 1900 was leased by the Wholesale built a cold storage house that is up to Produce Co,, which operates it at present, date in all of its equipments and one of holding offices at 312-14 Virginia street, the largest in this part of the country. The mill is furnished with labor-saving With a capacity of 150,000 cu. ft., and with devices and has a capacity of 200 bbls. of a ventilating apparatus that will at all flour and 1,000 bu. of corn in 24 hours, times guarantee pure dry air, it has been The wheat used is secured from W. Va. fitted to accommodate all kinds of goods, and Ohio and the product is sold locally. The factory and cold storage building are In the mill and office some 15 men find located on the Elk river and K. & M. rail- employment. road, and the coal yards on the corner of THE KANAWHA BRICK CO. was in- Capitol and Dryden sts. The management corporated Jan. 1, 1889, and has in op- Lumber District Along the Elk. ei ation on the South Side, a half mile ahove the bridge, a modern brick plant. Natural gas is used for burning, and with a capacity of 25,000 brick per day the company can scarcely keep pace with its orders. Most of our paved streets and many large buildings have secured their brick from this plant. The company have arother yard just above Devereux Lumber Co., on Elk. W. D. Isaac, Pres. and M'g'r, has been in the business for a score of years. Frank "Woodman is Sec.-Treas. Lumber Industries. DEVEREUX LUMBER CO.— The busi- ness of this now prominent company was founded by A. Devereux, Jr., some Ave years previous to the incorporation of the present concern, in 1889, with a capital of $90,000. Mr. Devereux became president of the new corporation, A. W. Watrous, a Michigan lumber man of twenty years ex- perience, vice-president, and W. F. Cal- breath, secretary. Under past and present managements, the business has been a success and shipments are made to job- bers in all points of the country, aver- aging 800,000 to 1,000,000 ft. monthly. The modern band mill, located on the Elk River, with side tracks from the K. & M., 1 as a capacity of 30,000 ft. per day. The plant is thoroughly equipped in every de- tail, having ten acres well covered with the shipping houses and lumber yards, steel tracks and tram way cars, with all the latest improvements, and a Sturdevant dry kiln with a capacity of 200,000 ft. daily. The plant is lighted by both the arc and incandescent system and in its various departments gives employment to from 60 to 70 men. G. W. Stockly, Pres.- Treas., of Lake Wood, N. J., holds offices ar 415 Lexington Ave., N. Y.; A. W. IVatrous, V. P.. is a native of Ashtabula, O., and in the lumber business in Michi- gan and at Charleston prior to the forma- tion of the above company; I. E. Hodge, Sec, is a native of Middleport, O., has - r 63 — Devereux Lumber Company. been in Charleston a dozen years and with this company since '92. The Devereux Lumber Co. has aone an extensive busi- ness and assisted largely in Charleston's continued success. DANIELS & COLLIN CO.— This com- pany leased the old Bradford plant on Bullitt St. and C, C. & S. R. R. Apr. '99, and equipped it throughout with new plan- ing mill machinery. The product handled is rough and dressed poplar and oak lum- ber, of which above 1,500,000 ft., about one-third of which is dressed, is sold monthly at wholesale, principally to deal- Daniels l & Collin Company. — 64 — New Mill of Knight Lumber Company. eis in the middle states. The Charleston tranch house gives employment to about 30 men, and pays out for lumber and wages about $20,000 per month. The plant here is in charge of W. H. Wells, a na- tive of Ft. Wayne, Ind., for 20 years in lumber business and manager here since ^As plant was put in operation. J. C. Williams, superintendent of the mill, has had 13 years experience, coming here from Grand Rapids, Mich. The Daniels & Collins Co. have main offices at 1002-3 Park Building, Pittsburg, r\ branch house at Grand Rapids, Mich., and one at Jamestown, N. Y., with H. W. Ailing, manger, besides the Charleston branch, which holds office in Coyle & R'chardson building, Capitol St. G. B. Daniels, Pres., and W. W. Collin, Sec- Treas., have office at the Pittsburg house. Manufacturing industries of this charac- ter which use up the raw products of th? valley and give employment to its la- boring men are the factors which go to- wards Charleston's upbuilding, and should have a hearty encouragement from our citizens. KNIGHT LUMBER CO.— Roy & Knight commenced the lumber trade in 1894 and two years later it was incorporated aa above. The business has steadily pro- gressed, but its logs coming largely from Coal river, which empties into the Kana- wha twelve miles below this point, had to be towed up stream to the Charleston mill, and the boilers and engine have been removed to a new site at Sattes Station, on the K. & M., just opposite the mouth of Coal river, where this company has re- cently erected a building and put in a complete new band mill with a capacity of 40,000 fet. per day. The handlings of the company heretofore has averaged 6,- 000,000 ft, per annum of oak and poplar lumber, and with the new mill and fifty workmen the firm will be able to increase this to any probable demand. J. C. Roy, Pres.-Gen. Mgr., and H. W. Knight, Sec- Treas., are both native Charlestonians, reared in this business, and thoroughly familiar with all its details. GLEN ELK FURNITURE CO.— The Roy Furniture Co. started in 1889, with — 65 — Glen Elk Furniture Factory. $85,000 capital stock, was succeeded Nov., '86, by the Glen Elk Furniture Co f , which was incorporated with $25,000. The plant lies along Elk river at the west end of the K. and M. R. R. bridge and covers more than an acre of ground with its buildings and lumber yards. The factory is a four-story brick, 60x160 ft. A three- story metal side warehouse, 50x100, and a two-story frame 40x100 are used for pack- ing and shipping besides which there is a dry kiln and several smaller buildings. The plant is fitted with labor-saving ma- chinery and in its various departments gives employment to from 75 to 80 hands. It has side tracks from the K. & M., and loads its products direct into the cars. These consist principally of chiffoniers and side boards, with monthly output averaging $10,000, and are sold to all sec- tions of the country, by about a score of traveling men. In addition to the waste this plant has used about 50 carloads of coal annually for power and heating purposes, but has recently been piped for natural gas. The Glen Elk Furniture Co. pays to its employes $3,000 to $3,500 per month and uses 1,500,000 to 2,000,000 ft. of oak lumber annually. Its pay roll and purchases of raw material are an impor- tant factor in Charleston's upbuilding. Frank Woodman is treasurer and man- ager. W. A. Gill, a native of Philadel- phia, 30 years in furniture work, came to the superintendence of this factory 3 years ago. THE CHARLESTON LUMBER CO. was incorporated Jan. 1897, and a new band mill of 30,000 it. capacity was put in. Above half the lumber handled is planed and largely used in the local trade. The company gives employment to about !0 men and is a factor in Charleston's pro- gression. Geo. Falloon, of Athens, O., is president and A. Baird, Sec.-Treas., also from Athens, is the manager. THE A. S. CAMPBELL ART CO., capi- talized at $400,000, with headquarters ""t Elizabeth, N. J., Sept., 1899, purchased the Landon, Kent & Co. band and plani lg mill at the foot of Glen St. and employ some 40 men in making hardwood mouil- ings, oak ties, &c. • CONKER & GUILL run a planing and dimension lumber mill opp. Elk City de- pot, employ 10 to 12 hands, and each small industry serves to assist in the whole. — 66 — Porter's Station, Clay County. W. Va. MEMBERS of the Clay Lumber Co., at seam of good bituminous and splint coal. Porter, in Clay Co., have secured 100 This is open for development by the pro- acies of coal lands, which by prospecting per parties and will doubtless soon have proves to be underlaid with a 4% to 5 it. paying mines in operation. Res. J. Q. Dickinson, — 67 — The C. L. Ritter Company's Mill. THE C. L. RITTER LUMBER CO. was incorporated Oct., 1899, with $100,00 capi- tal, and commenced business Apr., 1900. The company secured a timber option from the Elk River Coal and Lumber As- sociation on 50,000 acres of land aid erected a modern band mill of 50,000 ft. daily capacity, three miles above Clay C. H. It has 6 miles of tramway and will extend to meet the necessities. Some 2T,0 to 300 men are employed by the C. L. Rit- ter Lumber Co., which deals in poplar and oak lumber, seasoned or unseasoned, at wholesale. The offices are rooms 26, 27, 28 Citizens' National Bank Building, Charleston. C. L. Ritter, Pres. and Mgr., is a native of Pa. and for 8 years past in the lumber trade. Rolfe Gerhardt, Sec- Treas., superintendent of the mills, was for several years with the Upland Coal and Coke Co. E. C. Willets is office man- ager at Charleston and S. F. Beals book- keeper and secretary to Mr. Ritter, who has other lumber interests. ELK RIVER BOOM CO.— The lumber industries =±ong Elk river have been greatly eiinanced by having an entirety safe and reliable boom company, to catch and care for their logs, ties, &c. Th ; s was chartered by the Legislature, Feb. 27, 1869, with $100,000 capital, and in its con- struction and repairs above $350, 0C0 has been spent. No company has ever made a lower percentage of loss in logs and its charges for handling are moderate. The Elk River Boom Co. keeps 25 to 30 men employed with every freshet and has been a great assistance to the log men up Elk and the mills of Charleston. L. James, Pres., is a native of Ohio, in Charleston for 14 years past, and is president of the James Lumber Co. J. L. Dickinson, Sec- Treas., has mention as cashier of the Ka- nawha Valley Bank. The boom com- mences at a bend in the river about 'IVz miles above the city and thence follows the south shore of the stream. The office is at 278% Kanawha street. — 68 — The W. W. Branch Co. Veneer Works. The W. W. BRANCH VENEER AND LJMBER CO. illustrates the success of wood industries in Charleston. Mr. Branch, who had been in this line of busi- ness at Madison, O., since 1867, located in Glen Elk, now Charleston, in '85, as this section of the country produces the neces- sary raw material — oak, maple and po ra- ter — for veneer work. In 1890 the above company was formed, $35,000 capital, and the industry has been extended from year tD year until it is now a very complete veneer plant. Mr. Branch's Inventive genius has assisted in perfecting several necessary machines and these works sup- ply leading sewing machine companies and furniture factories with veneer woods for cabinets, drawer bottoms, mirrors, picture backs, &c. The veneer work reaches all sections of the country, as its lightness, and strength when glued cross- grained has made it indispensable in many lines of industry. The Branch Ve- neer Plant is on the north side of Elk just below the K. and M. railroad, with side tracks and the necessary tram roads. It covers about three acres of ground, gives employment to 25 or 30 men and turns out an annual business of $40,000 to $50,000, which makes an important factor in Charleston's progression. C. C. Branch officiates as superintendent of the manu- factory. NATIONAL VENEER CO.— A concern of more than ordinary importance was in- corporated Apr., 1901, with capital of $50,- 000, for the manufacture of veneer work, which has become essential in several lines of industry- A site of two acres was secured below Glen St., on the north bank of Elk Aver, and the company is about completing buildings to the value of $15,- 000. The main factory is of brick 150x57 ft., three stories in height. A two-story dry kiln 40x80, boiler and engine room 40x40 and other small buildings go to make up the enclosures in which some $25,000 worth of machinery, all of latest designs, is now being placed, fitting the plant for the production of anything nec- essary in the veneer line. The officers and directors of the concern are W. K. Mohler, Pres., who is president of the Mohler Lumber Co.; E. A. Barnes, V.-P., — 69 — Kanawha Wood of the wholesale firm Abney, Barnes &. Co.; J. Q. Dickinson, Treas., president ot the Kanawha Valley Bank; J. Talman Waters, Sec., late deputy clerk of the U. S Circuit Court; J. W. Roche, Mgr., for twenty years in the Grand Rapids furni- ture trade and for eight years in Charles- ton, formerly with the Folding Bed Co. This long experience in furniture, always dealing more or less with veneer work, has given Mr. Roche an intimate knowl- edge of the requirements and best adapta- tions to this industry. The new veneer plant located here because the required timbers are still abundant up the Elk and Kanawha rivers, and it has side track connections with the K. and M., giving every facility for transportation. It re- ceived a liberal assistance from the Char- leston Chamber of Commerce in securing its site and a hearty welcome from our people for locating in this growing city. THE KANAWHA WOOD TURNING CO. was organized May, 1899, with $25,000 capital, for the production of hickory, ash and maple handles for axes, picks, cant- hooks or brooms. The company has ex- tensive timber rights, some ten miles Turning Works. above Charleston, on Indian Creek, ship- ping its logs via C, C. and S., and in its various departments gives employment to 30 to 40 men. The factory is located in the upper part of the city adjoining th'i K. and M. tracks. The lot, 1% acres, i. about half covered with buildings, in which are 5 circle saws, 5 belt machines, 4 cut offs, 10 turning lathes, the usual shaftings, &c, backed by a battery of boilers and engines. The product is most- ly sold in New York, for export to Eu- rope. After the destruction by fire, Nov. 2i, 1900, of the Jennings plant, on tht West Side, C. W. Jennings became Sec- Treas. and Mgr. of the Kanawha Wood Turning Co. Mr. Jennings Is a native of New Castle, Ind., and has had a long ex- perience in this line of industry. I. Schwabe, formerly with the firm of Schwabe & May, is president, while to the above officers Ben Baer, wholesale liquors; M. M. Williamson, cashier Citi- zens' Natl. Bk., and L. A. Glaser, Sec- Treas. of the Tanners' and Dyers' Extract Co., are added as directors. HULING, MONTAGUE & CO., office 324 Quarrier St., mill on Davis Creek, 5 miles across lots from Charleston, have bean — 70 — working 25 to 40 men and sell their hard wood lumber at wholesale. J. R. HOFFMAN has gained a repu- tation as the patentee of the celebrated band mill. He erected mills on Elk street, above the ice plant, 17 years ago and also has two portable mills on Gauley, in bis various enterprises giving employment to 25 men. Res* Ex=Governor G. W. Atkinson. quantities of furnil lire each year which it ships to various sections of the coun- try. Store fixtures, I ardwood mantels and other cabinet wort is turned out to the order of customers The Morgans are ex perienced lumber men and thoroughly posted in every detail of the business. JOHN & J. S. MORGAN— The saw mill and planing business fronting on Clen- dennin St., above Lovell, was started by John Roy in the eighties and has had numerous changes in partners. John Mor- gan has held an interest in the plant for a dozen years past and the above style ot firm name comes with the present year. The plant gives employment to from 20 to 25 hands. The mils and yards cover about three acres an 1 in addition to rougn and dressed lumber, flooring, ceiling, mouldings, turning;, &c, makes large THE DONALDSON LUMBER CO., on Blue Creek, is a feeder to the K. and M. and Charleston interests. In this com- pany Frank Woodman is president and half -owner, and Geo. M. Donaldson the other partner, native of Scotland, 26 years in America, is treasurer and manager. A mill was erected on Blue Craek in 1895, and the company has twelve miles of rail- road connecting with the K. and M. through Kelley's Creek railroad. Some 60 to 80 men are employed here and the interest is one of the feeding factors to + bis section. It's hardwood lumber is laigely exported to Great Britain. — 71 — CAPITAL CITY VEHICLE CO.— This company, organized Dec. 20, 1900, with authorized capital of $25,000, secured the large two-story brick building, Nos. 252-4 Virginia St., which was erected in 1834 as Asbury M. E. Chapel. A blacksmith shop 50x42 was built in the rear, and March 1, 1901, business was commenced in the vehi- cle line. Geo. M. Krauss, who had been employed in high grade vehicle work at Columbus, O., for fifteen years, and who was for eight years with the Buckeye Cart Co., was engaged as superintendent. Un- der his watchful eye the company are put- ting out to the order of customers any- thing of high grade in the vehicle line and are intending later to manufacture exclusively for the jobbing trade. So far the work has been largely delivery wag- ons, which are finished with rubber or pneumatic tires, the best of painting, and in all round up to date style. Dr. V. T. Churchman, mentioned under profes- sional matters, is Pres. ; D. A. Brawley, in stove and tinware business, is Gen. Mgr : Dan. B. Brawley, Sec.-Treas., and Attor- ney Adam B. Littlepage, Chm. of Execu- cive Board. VICERS WAGON CO.— J. W. Vicers, oi' Pulaski Co., Va., commenced wagon mak- ing in Charleston 23 yeais ago, and in 1885 the business was incorporated as above. The company has convenient quar- ters at Court and State Sts., and while repair work is the principal business any vehicle desired by customers is made to order. J. W. Vicers is principal owner, prerident and manager. West Charleston Industries. Stockton's Brick Yard — Depot — Courtney's Mill. C. P. STOCKTON'S BRICK YARD is era! store on Cinder road, near by the opposite the West Charleston depot on the brick yard. K. and M. and is fitted with the necessary D & COURTNEY-Perbaps no single machinery, &c, for the production of 25,- indivi , dual or flrm in Charleston gives em- 000 brick per day, which is (readily sold ploymen t to more laborers than D. G. in the local trade. Mr. Stockton is a na- Courtney, manufacturer of white oak tive of Nicholas county, W. Va., for thirty cooperage, railroad ties and lumber. Mr. years past in Charleston. He has a gen- Courtney is a native of Pennsylvania and — 72 D. G. Courtney's Mill, West Charleston. has been in the cooperage supply business for 25 years, coming to W. Va. some 15 years ago, and having been located at Red House and Raymond Oity prior to estab- lishing his headquarters in Charleston. The accompanying illustration shows his stave yards, machine shops and planing mill, at West Charleston depot; on the adjoining stave yard is a portable mill for finishing staves. Some 20 to 25 hands find employment with Mr. Courtney at Charleston and as many more at each of his other six mills in this county, beside which he has timber privileges and mills in Putnam, Cabell, Mason, Nicholas and Roane counties, and in the year ending June 30, 1901, shipped over 3,000 carloads of manufactured wood products. In thus marketing the raw material of this sec- tion and giving employment to its labor, Mr. Courtney is assisting in its general progression and entitled to a (record among the progressive citizens of the Cap- ital City. His office is 129 Capitol street, Charleston. OHIO VALLEY FURNITURE CO.— One of the largest factories contributing largely to Charleston's upbuilding is the ai ove, organized May, 1900, with author- ized capital of $500,000, of which 392,000 has been paid in. This industry adjoins West Charleston depot, employs about 150 hands, and makes a specialty of side- boards and folding beds, of which it sends out great quantities to various sections of ihe State, the annual output reaching a money value of $350,000, while the pay- roll reaches $1,500 per week, which large- ly finds its way to the coffers of Charles- ton merchants. W. B. Showbert, Pres., is a native of Gallia Co., O., coming here a year since to take the management of this concern; Edson Lewis, of Mt. Vernon, N. Y., is Vice Pres.; W. B. Fuller of Gal- lipolis, is Sec.-Treas; while Wm. C. Ilsley and J. D. Hass of N. Y. are directors with — 73 — He is assisted in the business by Hollister S. Hummel, his son, who is also second assistant in the U. S. Attorney's office. Ohio Valley Furniture Plant. the above. The large buildings shown and Elk river valleys, herewith are all occupied by the com- pany, while great quantities of lumber are stacked outside for seasoning. Lo- cated in the heart of lumber country with convenient shipping facilities by rail or river, the Ohio Valley Furniture Co. will doubtless long remain an insti- tution of which Charlestonians may well be proud. CRYSTAL BOTTLING CO.— C. T. Wood and H. T. Sheffey, under the above firm name, put in some $5,000 worth of ma- chinery and fixtures at No. 24 Summers St. in March last and opened up the bot- tling business. CAPITAL CARBONATING CO. was in- corporated April, 1901, ground leased, near the C, C. and S. depot at the east end of Capitol St., a building 36x70 ft. Carbonated Beverages. RUMMEL BOTTLING WORKS— Henry Rummel, from near Pomeroy, O., located in Charleston in 18/1, and fitted up a bot- tling works plant to which he has added erected and the necessary machinery and fixtures put in to do first-class carbonat- ing and bottling. CHAS. CAPITO, at 135 Kanawha St., bottles the Stroh beer of Detroit and has an ice plant for cold storage of beer. Saddles, harness, tailoring, confection- ery, laundries ana a number of other from time to time, until the machinery, fixtures and stock on hand now averages about $10,000 in value, making one of the best plants for the .manufacture of min- eral waters and soft drinks to be found in this State. From this plant comes the noted Sachs-Pruden ginger ale, as well as birch beer and other popular soft idrinks, and the mineral waters. Mr. Rummel industrial concerns will be mentioned in has secured a permanent and extensive connection with wholesale houses or oth- business throughout, the Kanawha, New erwise. — 74 — TO^M IMHINTDTP^ England in 1870. The Ward Engineering 1KUIN 11NUUD 1 K1CO. works, of which Mr. Charles Ward is SOUTHSIDE FOUNDRY & MACHINE proprietor, manuiactures water- tube WORKS — The foundry business was iv±ai ine boners, high-speed Engines and started in Maiden by O. A. & W. T. Thay- .Light-draught steamers. The Ward er in 1860 and in 71 they secured a site vv r atei - CU be boilers, manufactured under between the C. & O. R. R. and the Ka- 1L . ue is-patent, have gamed a national nawha river and erected the South Side reputation, — being the first water-tube Foundry & Machine Works. This has |j 0i i eis to be installed in the war-ships bten improved and added to from time ot - t he (j s Navy. The first plant was to time until it is now the largest and saut ed on Kanawha street in the build- most complete plant of its kind to be ing adjoining the Hale House, moving found in this part of the State. The Lo iy c a pitoi street. Mr. Ward furnisheu principal product is mining machinery boiieis tor some of the finest yachts in and in that line it is leader in this State, iNew Y ork City, among them a mammoth making mine haulage machinery, tipple wa ter-tube boiler of special design, test- euuipments, mine fans, cars, and every- etl to goo pounds, for the steamship thing pertaining to the business. Hav- Meteor; he here began the manufacture ing grown up with the mining industry, OI the safety water-tube launch boiler, it numbers among its customers nearly now generally used in the launches of all coal operators in the Kanawha, Elk, the U. S. Navy. Crowded by increasing and New river fields, as well as many in business, the plant was moved in 1885 Ohio, Ky., Tenn. and other states. The t o the South Side, adjoining the proper- plant has never shut down for scarcity t y of the C. & 0. Ry. in order to have of orders, but gives steady employment ra ji an d wa ter facilities, which is now to about 75 men and is recognized as one the present location of the plant. More of Charleston's most substantial indus- than 50,000 square feet of floor space trial concerns. The extensive brick are required for the present business, machine shop 275x70 ft., with slate roof, Two substantial shops, each 175x80 ft., was erected recently and adds very large- w j t h traveling cranes running the en- ly to the capacity of the plant. It is tire length, which handle the smallest equipped with traveling cranes and other boiler or a twenty-five ton steel boat — modern appliances, turning out a high loading on the C. & O. tracks or on the grade of machinery for mining, or lum- inclines to the Kanawha river. Recent- Ler plants, etc. The plant covers some ly a s t ee l packet, y0 feet by 14 feet beam, three acres of ground directly below the drawing two feet of water, was launched. C. & O. freight depot, and has its own gb e is equipped with a Ward boiler of sidetracks, for the economical handling Royal Arch type, a Ward single crank and shipment of its products. R. B. triple expansion engine and has a pas- Cassady, Pres., is superintendent of the se nger capacity for one hundred persons. Winifrede Coal Co. G. T. Thayer, Treas. The steam yacht Madge and the U. and Mgr. is a native of the county and s. steam yacht Mascot, plying on for 25 years past connected with this the Kanawha, are products of this plant, plant. There is now being constructed a govern- WARD ENGINEERING WORKS.— ment tow-boat 120 feet in length. The This old, well established plant was start- freight arrivals of tons of refined steel ed in Charleston in 1875 by Charles castings and thousands of feet of boiler Ward, who came to this country from tubing, the shipments of boilers, engines — 75 — Res. Frank Woodman. and boats and the employment of foity commenced the manufacture of the Levi to eighty mechanics make a pay-roll which Filter, of which there will doubtless be a assists materially the financial prosper- large demand as soon as its merits are ity and the future upbuilding of the city fully known. Frank Woodman is presi- dent of the works, G. D. Williams secre- tary-treasurer and A. W. Hager superin- tendent. Mr. Hager was a former partner with Luckadoe in this foundry, and is fully conversant with the business. THE CHARLESTON BOILER & FOUNDRY Co.— E. Polsue and others purchased the Barton Boiler Works, on of Charleston. VULCAN IRON WORKS. — Geo. Davis started a foundry about 1870, which was purchased by Luckadoe & Hager in '89, and June 15, '91, consolidating with the Kanawha Woolen Mills Machine Shops, the Elk Foundry & Machine Co. was in- corporated. In 1900, with other Interests, it was reincorporated as the Vulcan Iron Virginia St., Apr., 1900, and incorporated Works. The business embraces general the above company. The buildings were machine work, castings in iron or brass, burned Feb. 9, 1901, and Mr. Polsue, who heavy forging, boiler and sheet iron work, had formerly cured meats on Dryden St. in fact anything in the foundry and ma- and K. & M. R. R., owning the balance chine line. The plant is located on Colum- of the lot to Court St.., making 165 ft. bia avenue above the lower bridge. The frontage on Dryden, repaired the build- Foundry part is a brick building 60x70 ings and erected new ones until he now ft., the machine shop a frame 50x100 ft., has a fairly complete plant. The three- and the blacksmith shop 30x60 ft., all story brick building, 25x50 ft, formerly well fitted with lathes, trip hammers, etc. a meat house, is now equipped with new The company, in connection with the lathes and other appurtenances necessary manufacture of boilers, for which it has in a machine shop. a building 40x80 ft., expressly equipped BARTON BOILER WORKS.— Since the with up-to-date machinery, has recently burning of the old street car barns, which 76 — had been utilized as a boiler and ma- chine shop by Henry Barton and his suc- cessors, and the removal of the Charles- ion Boiler Works to Dryden St., Mr. Bar- ton has again commenced the manufac- ture of boilers, on Clendennin St. Ht gives employment to 10 or 12 men and turns out some excellent hand made works in boilers, smoke stacks, coal SL&utf-s and other heavy forging. NOVELTY MACHINE WORKS— W. T. Levi, a machinist who has spent most of his life in Charleston, some nine years ago opened a repair shop, and five years since secured quarters adjoining the City Hall, where he has the necessary lathes, &c, to do machine work. He makes a specialty of repairing electrical appara- tus. Charleston has the usual number of blacksmith and repair shops, gunsmiths, &c. m Kanawha Valley Bank. FINANCIAL tionably be classed as reliable, conserva- tive and enterprising officials. This con- The monetary facilities of a city are of dition of affairs adds greatly to Charles- great importance to both its industrial ton's stability, and failures of any proper- and commercial progress, so we have in- ly conducted important commercial or in- serted this article betwen manufactories dustrial enterprise in this city have rarely and wholesale houses. The men at the occurred. The official statements made head of Charleston's banks should unques- July 15, 1901, showed the aggregate assets — 77 — of the four established hanks here to have has been largely connected in Charles- ton's upbuilding and is interested in coal lands and several of the manufacturing enterprises. Jas. F. Brown, Vice-Pres., will have per- sonal mention under legal profession; J. L. Dickinson, Cashier, is son of the presi- dent, a life-long resident of Charleston and too well known in banking circles to need further introduction; John Malone,- a native of Charleston, is Asst. Cashier. The directors are J. Q. Dickinson, J. F. Brown, J. L. Dickinson, Win. Dickinson, E. W. Knight. been $5,006,990.86, and from records made on that date we condense the following figures : THE KANAWHA VALLEY BANK.— This bank was established in 1867 by Wm. Dickinson, Levi J. Woodyard, H. C. and J. Q. Dickinson. For a year it occupied the small building shown herewith, when a good two-story block was built, which served 26 years. The building- now occu- pied, on the corner of Kanawha and Capi- tol Sts., was erected in 1894 at a cost of over $50,000. It is a handsome structure, four stories high, 75x110 ft., of pressed brick, trimmed in brown stone. The in- terior is in keeping with the exterior beauty, and the many fine offices are heat- ed with steam and accessible by a modern passenger elevator. Some store rooms ad- join the banking offices on the ground floor and altogether the building is one of credit to the city: RESOURCES JULY 15, 1901. Loans and discounts $ 999,103 56 Overdrafts 8,170 41 Bonds 19,500 00 Banking house, real estate, &c. 179,218 52 Due from banks 446,224 50 Exchanges for clearing house. 14,829 67 Cash, checks, &c 82,822 97 Expense and tax 8,811 84 Due from U. S. Treasurer 536 00 Total assets 1,759,717 47 Liabilities were for: Capital stock 150,000 00 Surplus and profits 244.945 78 Deposits 1,364,771 69 John Q. Dickinson, president and prin- cipal stockholder, comes of a pioneer fam- ily and was born in Bedford Co., Va., Nov. 20, 1831. He served in the Confederate Five years later the management resolved Army and located in Charleston in the to have a banking house and the fine four- Spring of 1865. He commenced the manu- story pressed brick structure adjoining facture of salt in 1867, and has persisted in the government lot, and illustrated here- the work, being now the only salt manu- with, was completed in 1890. The state- facturer in this vicinity. Mr. Dickinson ment of its financial affairs at the close of — 78 — Charleston National Bank. Second in regard to age comes the Char- leston National Bank, which commenced business / ug. 16, 1884, and very soon se- cured a lair share of the banking trade. business July i5, 1901, speaks for itself better than any eulogies of the compiler might do: RESOURCES. Loans and discounts. . .$ 742,278 26 Overdrafts 2,559 76 Stocks and securities.. 34,500 00 Banking house, fur. &c. 15,000 00 Due from banks 147,973 06 Cash, checks, &c 104,296 97 Due from U. S. T 12,500 00 U. S. bonds 450,000 00 Total 1,609,108 05 LIABILITIES. Capital stock 300,000 00 Circulation 250,000 00 Surplus and profits 49,271 14 Due to banks 32,904 35 Deposits 976,932 56 L. Prichard, president, is a native Ken- tuckian, where he practiced medicine for 21 years, assisted in organizing this banK in 1884, was elected its president four years later and removed to Charleston, taking the management of its finances Aug. 1, '88. Dr. Prichard, in '94, assisted in beautifying the city by the erection of a stone mansion corner of Quarrier and Brooks Sts., illustration of which we give on a later page. J. R. Seal, Vice.-Pres., is an extensive coal operator on New river. H. L. Prichard. Cashier, is son of the president, coming to this [position soon after his graduation from the University of Notre Dame, Ind., in 1890. The direc- tors, in addition to the president and vice president, are E. A. Barnes, of Abney. Barnes & Co. ; Charles K. Payne, of Payne Shoe Co., and Phil. Frankenberger, prin- cipal owner of Frankenberger & Co. cloth- ing house. CITIZEN'S NATIONAL BANK— As Charleston was taking on new life, there appeared to be an opening for another Citizens' National Bank. bank, and the Citizen's was organized Mar. 16, 1889, as a State bank and opened as a National Bank Sept. 10, 1890. In '98 the organization commenced the erection of the splendid five-story, fire-proof build- ing corner of Capitol and Quarrier Sts. This structure was completed Nov., '99, at a cost of $50,000 and is doubtless the best finished office building in Charleston, in fact one that would grace a metropolitan city. Its marble stairways, brass railings, tile floors and fast running modern eleva- tor make offices here desirable and quick- ly taken when vacant. The banking fur- niture and fixtures cost $8,000 additional, and with safety. boxes affords every need- ed facility. RESOURCES JULY 15, 1901. Loans and discounts $367,324 65 Overdrafts 7,122 98 U. S. bonds, stocks, &c 46,600 00 Banking house, &c 58,221 21 Other real estate 1.000 00 .ash, and due from banks 248,159 48 Due from U. S. Treasurer 1,562 82 Total assets 729,990,82 — 79 — LIABILITIES. Capital stock 125,000 00 Surplus and profits 23,169 35 Circulation 31,250 00 Dividends unpaid 1,434 00 Deposits and due banks 549,137 47 W. Mollohan, president, is mentioned as senior member of the law firm Mollohan, McClintic & Mathews; J. A. McGuffin.vice- pres., is an extensive coal operator on the Loop Creek branch of the C. and O. ; M. M. Williamson, cashier, a native of Mari- etta, O., residing in W. Va. from early manhood and in Charleston for 14 years, has been cashier of the Citizen's National Bank since 1892; J. N. Carnes, asst. cash- ier, from Lancaster, 0., has been with the bank since 1895. In addition to the above officers, the directors are W. A. MacCor- kle, of the law firm Chilton, MacCorkle & Chilton; C. A. Gates, grocer, and J. J. Duffy, a merchant of Lewisburg, W. Va. The* Kanawha National Bank, on Capitol and Virginia Sts., commenced business Feb. 1st, 1892. The success of the Citizen's had led to tne belief that still another monetary enterprise could succeed, and as it was promoted by some of Charleston's best financiers it had the confidence of the public from the start. The bank owns its home, a convenient three-story brick, with stone front trim- mings, which is well furnished and fitted for the general banking business which it transacts. It was built some 15 years ago as a commercial house and in 1893 was purchased by the Kanawha National Bank, which had formerly held the rooms on Virginia St. that are now occupied by the Singer Manufacturing Co. The state- ment of the Kanawha National Bank showed: RESOURCES JULY 15, 1901. Loans and discounts $402,335 08 Overdrafts 5,770 65 U. S. bonds, stocks, &c 73,500 00 Banking house, furniture, &c. 26,250 00 Cash, checks, &c 397,143 79 Due from U. S. Treasurer 3,175 00 Total 908,174 52 LIABILITIES. Capital stock 100,000 00 Surplus and profits 31,662 06 Circulation 63,500 00 Dividends unpaid 280 00 Deposits and due banks 712,732 46 Geo. S. Couch, Pres., a native of Point Pleasant, W. Va., has been practicing law in Charleston for 27 years past, was first president of the Charleston National Bank and has been president of the Kanawha National Bank from its start; J. D. Baines, Vice-Pres., is a prominent Char- lestonian, who has served as Mayor and other official capacities; E. A. Reid, a Kentuckian, in Charleston for 17 years past, has been cashier since its organiza- tion; iH. B. Lewis officiates as teller. In addition to the president and vice-presi- dent, the directors are Geo. E. Price and H. B. Smith, both of the law firm xi'lour- noy, Price & Smith; Charles Capito — 80 — wholesale liquor dealer; F. M. Staunton, president of the Diamond Ice Co., and W. E. Mohler, president of a leading lumber interest. WHOLESALE HOUSES. While manufacturing has shown a per- centage of increase in keeping with the addition to population, educational and other advancements of Charleston within the past decade, perhaps in no other line has the development been more marked than in the rise and progress of Charles- ton's wholesale houses. The reason of this is apparent. As the capital of this progressive mining State the city has rap- idly gained prominence, and as Charles- ton has no rival in the Kanawha valley she is not only in a position to hold the commercial trade of all the surrounding counties, but to extend throughout the mountain section for a hundred miles or more, and many of her wholesale houses have a considerable trade in adjoining States. With the transportation facilities 6hown on former pages, and the addition to these interests now building, Charles- ton merchants will be able to compete with metropolitan wholesale houses and doubtless will continue to hold their share of trade. With the possible exception of Wheeling, this is now the most important distributing centre in the State and has no rival on the Chesapeake and Ohio be- tween Richmond and Cincinnati, none on the C, C. and S., nor on the K. and M. this side of Columbus. Lewis, Hubbard & Company. is, Jr., being under the direction of the LEWIS, HUBBARD & CO.— This last two named. Chas. C. Lewis, thfl wholesale house is among the largest in senior member not being actively en- the Virginias, and probably has no su- gaged in the management. The business perior. The firm is composed of Chas. was established in 1881 by the senior C. Lewis, R. G. Hubbard and C. C. Lew- Lewis and P. H. Noyes, under the firm — 81 L v H. & Co., Warehouse. name of P. H. Noyes & Co., continuing that style until Jan. 1, '95. In 18S0 R. G. Hubbard, who had been a trusted em- ploye of the firm from its start, was ad- mitted as a partner and Jan. 1, '95, C. C. Lewis, Jr., became a member and the firm name was changed to Noyes, Hub- bard & Co. A year later P. H. Noyes re- tied on account of declining health, his interest having been purchased by his partners. Dec. 27, 1897, the main building and its contents were consumed by fire, but the reserve stock in the large warehouse on the C. & O., illustrated herewith, and other purchases made at that time, enabled the firm to continue business almost uninterrupted. The concern also has another large ware- house adjoining the K. & M. tracks. In 1898 the grain, feed and produce trade was incorporated as the Charles- ton Grain & Feed Co., this part of the business having been later turned over to John D. Lewis, who is its manager and principal proprietor. In 1898 the commodious storehouse, corner of Quar- rier and Hale streets, was erected at a cost of $30,000. This is 50x150, five stories and basement and is literally packed from cellar to garret. The in- crease of the firm s business in the east- ern section of the State made additional facilities desirable, ana Jan. 1, 1900, a branch house was established at Ronce- verte, wh^ch four months later was in- corporated as the Greenbrier Grocery Co., and is under the management of N. H. Slack, who for a number of years prior was an employe of the firm. The annual handlings of Lewis, Hubbard & Co. are reputed to go into the mill. ins and are exceeded by few houses outS-t.^ of very large commercial centers. Chas. C. Lewis, the senior member, was one of the original salt manufacturers of this section and an early operator in coal. He served as cashier and later president of the Kanawha Valley Bank, retiring from active business 1885. He was a pro- moter of the C, C & S. in its construction period, and its first president; he built and owns the Kelly's Creek Railway. R. G. Hubbard is a native of this county and has been identified with the grocery trade from boyhood. He has n iii i .j-«5 j£| fife " 1 liwl IMg ,, JV .' JMJ : renal a ^H ~ — ^j h • J ^SS Res. Dr. L. Prichard. — 82 — also served as councilman and been otherwise interested in public matters. C. C. Lewis, Jr., was Dorn in this coun- ty and was serving as treasurer of the K. & M. Ry. prior to his active engage- ment in the grocery trade. The progressive spirit and honorable dealings of this firm have done a full share in advertising Charleston as a commercial center, and assisted in its general upbuilding. Ruffner Brothers. RUFFNBR BROTHERS are natives of this county and commenced in the retail grocery trade of Charleston in 1873, ex- panding with the rise of the city from a quiet mountain village to the thriving Capital City of the State. Up to 1876 the business had been principally retail, when a full wholesale house was equip- ped and Ruffner Brothers endeavored to secure their share of trade, in the whole- sale grocery line. The firm owns the fine iron and brick front, four story and basement store rooms, 50 x 134 ft., at Nos. 306-308 Kanawha St., to which connects at the rear the brick warehouse, 25-100 ft., three floors and basement, facing at Nos. 17-19 Hale St. Both buildings are provided with elevators and stocked with goods in this line. Five traveling sales- men look after the trade in this and neighboring States. A. L. & M. P. Ruffner have done a full share towards Charles- ton's progression. THE WHOLESALE PRODUCE CO. was organized in 1893, and is now owned by Jackson Carr, who has had a large experience in the milling and feed line. The business occupies one of the Masonic building sections, 314 Virginia street, 24x 130 ft., three stories and basement, and the handlings are produce, flour, feed, groceries, etc., at wholesale. THE CHARLESTON GRAIN & FEED CO. was incorporated Feb. 26, 1898, tak- ing an established trade in that line, which had been prior conducted by Lewis Hubbard & Co. The offices are still held in the main building of that firm, shown on page 81, while a large warehouse with sidetrack accomodation is kept near the K. & M. Ry. The paid up capital of the Charleston Grain & Feed Co. is $17,000 and in addition to dealing in grain, feed, hay, etc., it does an extensive business in the produce line, purchasing early potatoes, grapes, melons, etc., from the best markets, in the proper season. J. D. Lewis, Pres. and Gen. Mgr., is a native of the city and has been a member of the firm of Lewis, Hubbard & Co. since its organization. He has recently added to the architecture of Virginia St. by erecting a handsome brick residence just above Brooks St., which we illustrate herewith, H, W, Sentz, Sec. of the Com- — 83 — ;5 1 ■• ' A Mk £ HH^fiL 4 i ^| \*Wmmmma ■,tt*" SfcBL „lj pIMll IBSR H'ilSilllliii'liiS '■■ i!' lir !1 '1 .""' WfTniiii ii iiiiliirT' mMI ■^BEL* ' ^^, Res. J, D. Lewis, Virginia Street. pany was formerly connected with the boat captain prior to commencing this firm of Lewis, Hubbard & Co. for a num.- trade 14 years ago. His store room is ber of years. 30x180 feet, and well filled in the above THE BROWN BROTHERS are natives lmes - of Putnam Co. and have been in business DrUgS and Sundries. in Charleston since 1883. In 1895 they THE HUBBARD - WILLIAMS CO., leased grounds of the K. & M. Ry. Co. wholesale drug house, was incorporated adjoining Capitol St. where they handle June 1, 1901, and in July opened up a fine at wholesale and retail everything that stock of general drugs, surgical instru- comes in the flour and feed line, giving ments and appliances, druggists' sun- special attention to lime, cement, plaster, dries and stationery. W. Dan Williams, hair and other building material, fire Pres., is a Virginian who has been brought clay, fire brick, laths, etc., in car-load up in the drug business, having had 25 lots. years' experience in wholesale and retail trade the last eight years as traveling salesman for the wholesale drug house of J. N. Murdoch & Co., of Parkersburg. W. G. Hubbard Sec.-Treas., a native of N. C, for seven years past nas been on the road for Lewis, Hubbard & Co.; while JAS. J. LAIDLEY who deals in gro- R. G. Hubbard, of the same firm, A. Q. ceries, feed, seeds and produce at whole- Smith, and H. P. Cannon of the firm sale, at 286 Kanawha St., is a native of Eskew, Smith & Cannon, and H. Charlestonian and was serving as steam- B. Smith attorney, are also members — 84 — C. H. JAMES is wholesale buyer and shipper of butter, eggs and poultry at 23 Summers St., has good facilities and gives prompt attention to the needs of the trade. The Hubbard=WilHams Co* of the company. The business occupies the three story brick block Nos. 353 355 and 357 Quarrier St., illustrated here- with. This is r i0x95 ft., three stories and basement, and well filled with goods in the wholesale drug line. The Hubbard- Williams Co. are putting in apparatus for the manufacture of several important specialties, and inten^ to keep abreast of the times in everytning relating to the wholesale drug trade. THE KANAWHA DRUG CO. was or- ganized June 1, 1901, capital $50,000, to conduct a wholesale drug and sundry house, and busines was commenced Aug. 1, at No. 26 Summers St., where three floors are occupied, also the third floor over No. 24. The firm have promptly put salesmen on the road and have se- cured a trade for 150 miles or more around Charleston. The members of the com- pany have all been hustlers and know how to meet the demands of trade. J. M. Hutchinson, Jr., Pres., was salesman for the Payne Shoe Co. for ten years; O. P. Meadows, Vice Pres., salesman for Henry Werner & Co., of Columbus; while A. H. Barker, Sec, and W. E. Connell, Treas., as well as R. C. Jef- ferds, the other member of the com- pany have been on the road for Ruffner Brothers for several years past. With a full stock and thus manned, the new firm will assist in advertising - Charleston as a commercial center. Dry Goods and Notions. ABNEY, BARNES & CO.— This whole- sale dry goods house was established by Arnold, Abney & Co. in 1880, and now occupies the four story brick building at 312, 314 Virginia St. Their stock em- braces everything in the dry goods and notion line; also gent's furnishings — pants, overalls, hats and caps — as well as an assortment of carpets and millinery recently added, and in fact everything properly known to a complete line of dry Abney, Barnes & Co. — 85 — goods and notions, the stock being varied and elaborate, including all the various styles and qualities demanded by the trade. The store has four floors, each 40x125 feet, and although the stock is heavy, everything is conveniently ar- ranged, and it is worthy of note what a large amount of goods have been stored in the space at hand. The trade is prin- cipally in West Virginia with a growing patronage in adjoining states. Nine trav- eling salesmen are constantly looking after the out of town patronage. The members of the firm are F. W. Abney, E. A. Barnes, Will O. Abney, all mer- cnants in Charleston for a score of years or more. 1 HIP m [lit ■■LlliL '-t Noyes, Thomas & Co. NOYES, THOMAS & CO.— For the past decade Charleston has held a reputa- tion as a wholesale center, new houses having been added each year, but few of any greater moment than that of Noyes, Thomas & Co., which was incorporated January 1, 1901, with $115,000 paid up capital. A. S. Thomas, president of the new company, is a native of Mason coun- ty and for the past 15 years has been en- gaged in the same line of trade in Char- leston. P. H. Noyes, Sec.-Treas., was formerly a junior member of the P. H. Noyes & Son, wholesale dry goods and notion house, whom the firm succeeded, and a son of P. H. Noyes, who was en- gaged for many years before his death in the wholesale business of the city. George E. Thomas, Vice Pres., was for- merly of the firm of Palmer & Thomas, the shoe men. Noyes, Thomas & Co. have a full stock in all the departments of dry goods, notions and hats. With six traveling salesmen looking after its crade the company is securing a full share of the business. The firm occu- pies two stores, connected "by arches, in the Masonic building, which they have leased for a term of years, giving space of 45x 150 feet, three stories and base- ment. This handsome block, corner of Virginia and Hale, shown herewith, is among the best business blocks of Char- leston. Hardware, Sadlery, Etc. THE CHARLESTON HARDWARE CO. was organized Jan. 1, 1901, with $50,000 paid up capital', and does a general hard- ware business, principally jobbing. It oc- cupies four floors at No. 66 Capitol St. and two floors over No. 68. The officers are T. E. Embleton, Pres.; J. Q. Dickin- son, Vice.-Pres.; P. W. Flournoy, Sec.; M. T. Davis, Jr., Treas.; F. H. Markell, Mgr. THE CAPITAL CITY SUPPLY CO., at No. 75 Capitol St., has been dealing in mine, mill and factory supplies about ten years past and Mar. 30, 1901, was incor- porated with $100,000 capital', Clark How- ell, president; Ernest Howell, general manager. LOEWENSTEIN & -SONS.— This hard- ware and saddlery firm deserves more than a passing notice as including its — 86 — Loewenstein & Sons, Hardware, Etc. manufacturing department it gives em- ployment to some 50 men and assists materially in Charleston's progression. The wholesale house occupies the hand- some six story, pressed brick front, building, 50x150 ft, at Nos. 83, 85 Cap- itol St. The firm also owns one of the large warehouses Detween the C. & O. passenger and freight depots on the South Side, illustrated hereafter. In ad- dition to a complete line of shelf and heavy hardware, saddlery and harness goods, Loewenstein & Sons are large deal- ers in wagons, buggies, etc., the firm having an established trade in West Vir- ginia and parts of Virginia and Ken- tucky, requiring the services of 7 sales- men in looking after the needs of the trade. S. N. Loewenstein came from Ger- many to America in 1863 and commenced the hardware trade in Charleston. Louis and Moses Loewenstein were born in Charleston, educated in the public schools — 87 and became partners with their father in 1890 when the wholesale business was es- tablished. W. F. SHAWVBR & CO.— This firm oegan business as W. F. Shawver, who is a native of Greesbrier county, in 1894, and C. D. Burdett, of the same county, became a partner January 1st, 1901. The premises occupied are at 256 Kanawha St., where four floors and basement, 25x100ft., are well stored witn everything desirable in stoves, ranges, and house furnishings, roofing, etc. The firm keeps three traveling salesmen, vis- iting large and small trade throughout the field usually held by Charleston wholesale houses. Altogether 17 people find steady employment with this house, which is an example of what "push" and enterprise can accomplish. D. A. BRAWLEY, at 242 Kanawha St., is a native of this county and has been in the stoves, tinware, and house furn- ishing goods line for about 20 years. His wares occupy two floors and basement at above number and the workshop ia at 243 Kanawha St. GOSHORN & CO.— W. F. and J. H. Goshorn commenced general merchandise in Charleston in 1842, and later changed to hardware, miner's supplies, sash, doors, etc. W. F. Goshorn died in '82 and his brother, J. H.,' ten years later, the business having been continued by W. F. & H. D. Goshorn, sons of the former, under the firm name of Goshorn & Co. The salesrooms formely kept at 245, 247, Kanawha St. (four stories on the river front) is now at 246 Kanawha St., where three floors and basement are occupied, while the old premises are used for storage. Three salesmen are kept on the road, Goshorn & Co. holding a good trade in the field occupied by Charleston's wholesale houses and as- sisting in the general output from this city. 1 — Goshorn & Company. N. S. BURLBW holds forth at 284 Ka- nawha St., doing a retail trade and job- bing in this and adjoining counties, in the general hardware line. Mr. Burlew is manager of the opera-house, president of the Daily Mail' Co., and vice-president of the South Side Improvement Co. ESKEW, SMITH & CANNON— W. J. Eskew, Jr., and A. Q. Smith who had been manufacturing and jobbing confec- tioners for 15 years and H. P. CannoE — 88 — who for eight years had heen in the wholesale stove, house furnishings and miner's suply trade, combined their in- terests in Feb., 1S99. Th? firm manu- facture a large line of candies at 22 Sum- mers St., and carry a complete assort- ment in both lines at t>4 Capitol St., where they have one of the nicest retail stores in the State in house furnishings. The factory and warerooms on Summers St. covers three floors and basement, 20x 100 ft., where several people are employ- ed. The Capitol St. building is four stories and basement, 22x120 ft., con- taining the stock and offices. This firm is doing an extensive trade in the lines above mentioned and assisting in Charleston's progression. Prince, Mahan & Keeney. PRINCE, MAHAN & KEENEY— Tnis firm occupies the store at No. 20 Sum- mers St., using first and second floors for wholesale stock and third floor for the manufacture of confectioneries. Four salesmen visit the principal merchants for 100 miles around, and although the firm was organized in April, 1899, it en- joys a fair share of trade. The confec- tion line is complete, while crackers and cakes are also handled, as well as to- bacco and cigars. W. A. Mahan, Mana- ger, is a native Charlestonian; J. F. 4: F. A. Prince are merchants at Prince, W. Va.; S. H. Keeney is also a Charles- tonian, while A. J. McClure, of Hills- boro, O., has resided here for 12 years past and has been selling goods for the shoe house of Dages, Andrews & Co. The building illustrated herewith is well occupied with the manufactory and the wholesale stock of the firm, and in the various departments Prince, Mahan & Keeney gives employment to 15 or more persons, thereby assisting in Charles- ton's progression. JOSEPH r^OPP, a native of Germany, came to Charleston in 187 5, and ten years later commenced harness manufacturing. He keeps several men and does a large custom business as well as considerable jobbing in Kanawha and adjoining coun- ties. Collars, whips, horse furnishings, etc. Mr. Popp purchases from leading manufacturers and his long and honor- able dealing in the harness line has given him a large patronage in this ana surrounding counties. In addition to sad- lery and harness goods Mr. Popp carries a large line of shoe findings and shoe- makers' supplies. CHARLES POPP, a native of Pittsburg, 30 years in Charleston and formerly in the tanning business, opened June 1, 1901, a line of saddles, harness, bridles, col- lars, whips, etc., at No. 235 Kanawha St., and is prepared to accommodate custo- mers in that line at wholesale and retail. A. C. Hall at 231 Kanawha St., keeps a similar establishment. PAYNE SHOE CO.— This business was established in 1889, the house rapidly coming to the front as one of the most important firms, in the boot and shoe — 89 — K. Payne is vice president of the Cham- ber of Commerce and has been a direc- tor of the Charleston iNational Bank for 10 years past. His handsome home on Kanawha street is illustrated on later page. Frank ±-ayne is president of the Mile Branch Coal Co. and of the Glen- wood Athletic Club. Houses like the Payne Shoe Co. add to the commercial importance of Charleston and assist in advertising this city in adjoining states. LOEB SHOE CO.— Charles Loeb from Cincinnati; located in Charleston, in 1872, and for 25 years has been in the shoe trade. Four years ago the Loeb Shoe Co. was organized to do a local jobbing trade in connection with the retail business which deals largely in the high class grades of shoes. The store and stock occupy three floors, at No. 12 Capitol St., in the stone-front Brown Block. Furniture, &c. jobbing trade, to be found outside of the metropolitan cities. Six traveling men are required to keep pace with the increasing trade in W. Va., Ohio and Ky. The hand- some business block at No* 325, 327 Vir- ginia St., four stories and basement, pressed brick front, with interior finished in oak, was erected in 1891. The stock carried has been increased from year to year and embraces all the requirements of the trade in boots, shoes and 190lf the firm be . came Rudesili & Mead. The business This extensive wholesale and retail bus- factory. iness was incorporated Aug., 1900, W. B. occupies a store in the Shrewsbury Shober, president; H. J. Ward, secretary block No 65 Capitol st| three floor3 anf| and treasurer. The company occupies basement 22x100 ft., which is fully stocked four floors in the Fountain Block, at Nos. with cMna> croc kery, glassware, lamps, 76, 78 Capitol St., dealing in medium and lanterns, tinware and stoneware.' Rude- high grades of furniture, whicn is sold sill & Mead arfe jmpor ters and jobbers to customers or shipped to the order of enjoying an extensive trade in W. Va., the trade wherever desired. The first and have some customers in adjoining year of uusiness has proven vory satis- states. Mr. Rudesili was in this business with his father at Gallipolis, O., prior to locating in Charleston, while C. H. Mead, a Kentuckian, has been here from boy- hood serving as bookkeeper with P. H. Rend & Co. for several years past. CABLISH BROTHERS. — This firm opened, in March, 1898, has rapidly gain- ed an excellent trade from its special ef- fort to give the best qualities in all its products. The line of bakery goods is very complete, and Cablish Brothers also make an assortment of fine candies on which they are building a nice jobbing trade, but their great reputation has been made in the manufacture of ice cream, which they ship as far east as Hinton and well over the Kanawha Valley for 100 miles or more. They also have a large city and country trade on their bakery goods. The Cablish Brothers are Ken- tuckians, coming here early in '98, and their success is worthy of note. Ten per- sons are employed here and the goods of the firm assist in advertising Charles- ton. u. BLUSTEIN— S. A. Blustein & Co. commenced dealing in hides, furs, wool, ginseng and other roots, beeswax, feath- ers, etc., in 1891, which has grown to quite an important jobbing trade. After the death of S. A. Blustein, in 1897 the firm became Blustein Bros., which was dis- 91 — Grand Rapids Furniture Co. solved March 1, 1901, David Blustein con- tinuing the business at the old stand. He owns the building, illustrated herewith, has traveling buyers visit the local towns for a distance of 200 miles, and the trade in all the before mentioned articles is steadily increasing, that of ginseng alone reaching $50,000 per year and distrib- uting a nice sum of money to root dig- gers. This articie goes to China, while the hides are sold principally to eastern tanners. From $100,000 in '98, the trade of this house increased to $136,000 in '99 and above $150,000 in 1900. J. M. GATES.— Among the long estab- lished houses of Charleston is that of J. M. Gates which was started in 1862 and has successively been doing business on Summers St., near its present site, Nos. 27 and 29. The line carried is paints, varnishes, oils, roofing and wall papers at wholesale and retail. Three salesmen are kept on the road and the business of the house extends throughout the Ka- nawha Valley. Mr. Gates' four sons, J. H., D. H., Wm. S., and J. A. Gates are in the active management of the business. CHARLES CAPITO has a well estab^ lished trade in wholesale liquors at 304 Kanawha St., where he occupies three floors and keeps everything desirable in that line of goods. His beer bottling was mentioned on page 74. Mr. Capito has been in business here since 1872, a direc- tor in the Kanawha Natl. Bk. since its organization, holds stock in several man- ufacturing enterprises, is president of the Charleston Chamber of Commerce, and recognized as a progressive citizen. Ben Baer, o. E. West and others also do business in the wholesale liquor line. [Wholesale and Retail Continued on page 110.] Churches. PRESBYTERIANS— The Kanawha and First Presbyterian Churches, coming from the same root, continue the same history up to 1872. Henry Ruffner under direc- tion of the Lexington Presbytery, organ- ized the Kanawha Presbyterian church Mar. 14, 1819, and served a year as pastor. (Among the following names are some who served only as supplies which in Presbyterian usage is quite different from a pastor.) Calvin Chaddock came 1820; Nathaniel Calhoun, '26; A. S. Morrison, '35; Jas. M. Brown, D. D., an able min- ister, served from Apr., '37 till his death June 8, '62; J. McC. Blaney commenced '62; J. C. Downing, '67; J. C. Barr (as- sisted by N. G. Geddes for a few months) as a supply, '69 till the separation in 1872. Feb. 21, '72, two rolls were prepared, 150 petitioning to unite with the Green- brier Presbytery while 21 desired to go with the W. Va. Presbytery. The prop- erty was amicably divided, the minority receiving the parsonage and the larger congregation keeping the old church which stood on Virginia St. near the site now occupied by Abney & Barnes' store. This congregation decided to take the name of — 92 Residence Charles K. Payne, Kanawha Street. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH and at Lick Branch, Glen Elk and Glenwood Dr. J. C. Barr has continued as pastor from the First church have become sepa- ever since. Dr. Barr is a native of Wash- rate organizations. The stone church on ington Co., Pa., graduated from Jefferson Quarrier St. was opened for services June, College 1855, and from Wesleyan Theolog- ical Seminary of Allegheny. '58. He preached two years in Pocahontas Co., nine years at Lewisburg, Sept., '68 be- came principal of the Charleston Institute the total cost having been $37,750. The auditorium has excellent accoustic properties, seats 700, to which the chapel adds 300. The stone for this structure was quarried near by and illustrates and 32 years ago began supplying the Charleston's advantages in building stone church of which he has been pastor for 29 years past. R. E. Vinson, a native of S. C graduate of Austin College, Texas, '96 became co-pastor shortly after his graduation from Union Theological The parsonage also has a stone front. II was erected in 1890 at a cost of $6,000. KANAWHA PRESBYTERIAN CHURCB kept the original name and at the di vision accepted as its share of the prop- seminary in '99. The church has some erty the parsonage on Kanawha St., and 500 members and with missions on the lot upon which the present church South Side and at Piedmont, there is stands. Jas. Richards, D. D., commenc work enough for both. Former missions ed supplying this church June, 1872, and — 93 — Kanawha PresLyterian Church. April following was installed pastor. Church. At this writing, Sept., 1901, he is July 30, 't5, he died suddenly at Edin- on a tour in Europe and the church is in burg, Scotland. Revs. Gibbs and Cleg- charge of Earle A. Brooks, who is pastor horn supplied during '76, Edwin Hall, Jr., of the mission chapels of North Charles- '77, and March of 1878, Lyman ton and Schwanube. Mr. Brooks is a na- Whitting, D. D., commenced his ministra- tion; F. J. Stanley followed in '84, H. W. Torrence came in '87, continuing until July, '95, D. L. Winters was called Feb., '96, and Rheuel H. Merrill Oct. 9, '98. Mr. Merrill is a native of New Jersey, attend- tive of French Creek, W. Va., a gradu- ate of W. 'Va. University, and the West- ern Theological of Allegheny, 1900, in mission work at Clay C. iH;. until July, 1901. The membership is about 250. After the division the congregation held ed Rutgers' college of New Brunswick, services in the senate chamber for a N. Y., and Center college of Danville, while when some of the members pur- Ky., graduating from Auburn Theological chased the Asbury M. E. chapel which seminary '97, was ordained in '98 and had been erected in 1834. The corner took charge of the North Presbyterian stone of the present church was laid in church of Binghampton, N. Y., from 1873 but the church was not completed whence he accepted a call to the Kanawha till 1886. It cost $3i,000, and the annex, — 94 — Residence Peter Silman, State Treasurer. onilt in '93, cost $12,000. Among former crated in 1869. Father Stenger after 34 stanch members of the Kanawha Pies- years in this charge uied in the hospital byterian church should be mentioned at Cincinnati and was interred with his Judge Jas. H. Blown, Isaac Noyes Smith, people in Mt. Olivet Cemetery here. He the late Dr. Comstock, Mr. Sentz, John was followed by Vicar Genl. Right Rev. C. Claypool and many others. The Mgr. J. T. Sullivan, who served but six church is now affiliated with Parkers- burg presbytery, under jurisdiction of the Northern Assembly. SACRED HEART R. C. CHURCH — The first Roman Catholic priest to say n:ass at Charleston was Father Hitzel- berger in 1836. John H. Walters offici- months till he too died, at Parkersburg, Mar. 23rd. 1901, and the remains were taken to Clarksburg. The corner stone for the handsome stone church on Broad St. was laid July 28, 1895, and the structure although not entirely completed has been partly used atcd here before the war and Father for two y ears P ast lt has cost eome purchase 1 Kallenberg during the conflict. Jos. W $40,000. The Catholics in tcnger, the first resident priest, arrived some 20 acres adjoining Spring Hill cem- in Charleston June 5th, 1866, to organ- etei T for the use of their congregation ize a Catholic congregation and August and have a ver y P rett y P lot consecrated following was joined by Bishop Whelan A. lot was purchased, a small chapel built, to the dead. Father Constantine O. M. Cap. who and a parochial school started the same came to this charge April 20, 1901, was year. The old church, which still stands born in Altoona, Pa., 1864, graduated on Virginia St. and is used by the Y. M. I. from St. Fidelis college of Herman, Pa., society, cost about $2,500 and was conse- '83, was ordained June, '88, and for four — 95 — years held the chair of Philosophy at St. Peters & Pauls Capuchin Fathers of Cumberland, Md. In the charge of some 200 Catholic families here, is assisted by Father Alphonsus O. M. Cap., a native of Wheeling, a graduate of St. Fidelis, ordained Dec, '99, and assisting at St. Augustine's R. C. Church in Pittsburg prior to coming to Charleston. St. Mary's Academy was opened at Charleston in 1867, by Mrs. Mary C. Monroe. Mrs. Mary Dodge taught '68, and Superior Mary Vincent came in '(0. New buildings were erected in '72 and the school continued till '94, having a department for the parochial school. It was then discontinued and the Catholic children have since attended the public schools. Father Constantine holds low mass at 7:30 each Sunday and high mass and sermon at 10 a. m. Catechism com- mences at 3 p. m. Evening services at 7:30. The Y. M. I. meets in the old Catholic church on Virginia St. and has about 40 members. Pres. Jos. Beller, Sec. Leo App, Treas. Andrew Coffey. The A. O. H. started about 1875, has but a small membership. Pres., M. V. Smith; Sec, Jos. Clark; Treas., Michael Hagerty. BAPTISTS— John Alderson, a Baptist preacher, came to the upper part of the Kanawha Valley in 1777. Jas. Johnson organized the Kanawha Baptist church, near Paint Creek, prior to 1800, and a church was erected soon afterwards, which stood until the civil war. The Charleston Baptist church was organ- ized Oct. 30, 1869, by Rev. P. H. Murray, and a brick building erected which still stands at the corner of Donnally and Laidley Sts. He had been preaching for some time previous to the organization and continued until 1870, when Rev. J. B. Hardwicke became first regular pastor, followed by A. M. Simms and S. F. Tay- lor. Rev. T. C. Johnson is the present pastor and the membership is about 300. The temporary building, which stands on the corner of Capitol and Washington Sts., was erected in 1892 to serve until a new edifice should be constructed and active steps have been taken to com- mence at once on the new structure, which will cost some $25,000 and be com- pleted next year. THE FIRST BAPTIST church was or- ganized by the colored people of Charles- ton soon after the civil war and a frame church was built in 1873, Frank James preaching for a time. It has had a long list of preachers, J. C. Taylor coming early in the eighties, since which the succession has been R. M. Mayhew, 1889; G. B. Howard, '90; L. T. Christmas, '96; J. Eullan Bullock, '99. Mr. Bullock was ordained in 18v4, and graduated from Kalabar College, of Kingston, Jamaica, '78. The church on Washington St. was commenced in 1890 and opened for ser- vices two years later. With lot and par- sonage the property is valued above $20,- 000. The membership numbers about 750. STATE ST. M. E. CHURCH.— Henry Bascom of the M. E. church took Charles- ton in his circuit in 18±3 and the next year a class was formed and a few years later a frame church was built. A dozen different itinerants ministered prior to 1834, in which year under the ministra- tions of W. Young, D. D., Asbury brick chapel was erected, which is now in use by the Capital City vehicle Co. Wm. T. Hand, David Reed, J. W. Fowble, Thos. Gorsouch, H. C. Adams, B. N. Spahr, R. S. Fosler, A. J. Lyda, and Alex. Mar- tin were on the circuit prior to 1851, when Charleston was made a station; since which the succession has been G. Battelle, '51; J. L. Clark, '53; T. B. Tay- lor, '55; R. L. Woodyard, '56; J. S. Pat- — 96 — terson, '57; R. A. Arthur, '59; Henry Stevens, '61; A. Stevens, '64; R. A. Ar- tnur, '65; W. E. Williams, '66; G. W. Richmond, '68; Ash Hall, '69; E. W. Ryan, 70; J. A. Kibbe, 72; F. Ball, 73; W. M. Mullennix, 74; E. W. Ryan' 76; S. B. Prickett, 78; G. C. Shaffer, 79; j. A. Fullerton, '82; A. J. Lyda, '85; A. Mick, '87; S. J. Cotton, '91; A. B. Riker, D. D., '96; M. P. Compton, D. D., '98.' Dr. Compton is a graduate of Alleghany State Street M. E. Church. College and of Drew Theological Semi- nary. He has served in the ministry for twenty years. The State Street church was built in the high times of 1872 and cost $16,000. The auditorium seats 500 persons. The State St. parsonage was erected in ]900 and with lot cost $8,200. BOWMAN M. E. is on Elk Ave., West Side. A building was erected in '92 at which time the society became perman- ent under the preaching of Rev. Sage and Presiding Elder Graham, although it had been temporarily organized some years prior. C. H. Malony became pastor '93; E. D. Hanna, '95; C. R. Shackleford, '96; G. E. Morris, '98, who died June, 1900, and Jas. E. Bird supplied till Eu- gene Weaver came Oct., 1900. SIMPSON M. E.— This brick church on Quarrier St. was finished by the col- ored people in 1883 and with lot is worth $20,000. The pastors have been S. Ham- mond, '83; A. Becks, '85; R. P. Lawson, '87; R. H. Robinson, '88; J. W. Walters, '91; D. W. Shaw, Ph. D., '96; G. W. W. 97 — Jenkins, B. D., Apr. 13, 1901. He is a graduate of Centenary Biblical Institute '78 and was preaching in Baltimore prior to locating in Charleston. The Simpson was originally organized in war times but revived in '82 and has been greatly built up the present year. ST. PAUL'S A. M. E. was organized by the colored people in 1897, under F. D. Taylor. C. P. Powell came early in '98; Geo. W. Webster late in '98; C. P. Har- rington 1900 and W. B. Anderson 1901. He graduated from the Atlanta Univer- sity in 1882, from the theological tle- partment of the New Orleans University '76, and has been in the ministry since. St. Paul's Church is of brick, is located on Court street, and cost about $3,000. It had been sold for debt, but has been re- deemed the present year. DICKINSON CHAPEL— Rev. W. Bris- coe, who died Apr. 5, 1901, preached here in March, 1851, and a class of the M. E. Cburch South was formed at thai. time. A building erected in 1858 was burned in war times and the congregation be- came scattered. The church was reor- ganized by J. T. Johnson, in '66, since when pastors have succeeded as follows: P. S. Wade, '67; W. G. Miller, '70; J. T. Jchnson, '72; N. G. Robinson, '74; C. C. Armstrong, '76; W. T .Bowling, '78; G. W. Young, '79; John Mitchell, '80; J. M. Carter, '81; W. T. Bowling, '82; J. W. Hampton, '83; W. E. Boggs, '86; John Martin, '87; C. W. Cook, '88; S. F. Mc- Clung, '92; B. F. Gosling, '94; J. W. Hampton, '96; W I. Canter, '98. Cut of church on page 56. ROANE ST. AND S. S. M. E— A South- ern M. E. church was established near the head of Roane St. about 8 years ago and its pastors have been Revs. Moss, J. W. Crites, Winn, Arthur McLean, '96; G. S. Lightner, '98; and W. B. F. Ball a native of Tazewell Co., Va., reared in this State, who attended school at Lebanon, O., and the Princeton academy before entering the ministry 6 years ago. He came to this charge in '99 and through his efforts the church at Fern Bank, that had been several years under way, has recently been completed. This South Side edifice is a substantial stone one, worth about $4,000. Hrst Presbyterian. — iSee page bS. GLEN ELK & GLENWOOD— Glen Elk, on the West Side, was built by the First Presbyterian church in 1885 and the so- ciety became a separate organization in '87. The pastors and supplies have been B. F. Patton, B. A. Pendleton, Robt. Mann, 96; H. J. Williams, June, '99. Mr. Williams is a native of Greenville, Au- gusta Co., Va., a graduate of Union Theo- logical seminary of Richmond and this is his first charge. The Glen Elk con- gregation have secured the Bream bury- ing ground on Charleston St. and con- template building a $10,000 edifice a year or two hence. Membership over 100. — 98 — Glenwood Mission was buLi. by the First church in 1891 and organized as a church about 5 years later. It has about 25 members and Has been supplied by the same ministers as Glen Elk. THE KANAWHA EPISCOPAL parish was chartered in 1788 by act of the Vir- ginia legislature, and in 1814 the central nucleus was at Cole's Mouth, now St. Albans, Jos. Willard missionary. Ihs early families in this vicinity were the Thomp- sons, Slaughters, Summers, Quarriers, Rogers, McFarlands, Patricks, Drydens, Lovells, Welchs, Reynolds, Lewis and perhaps others. Chas. N. Page came as a missionary to this county in 1822, ana the first church was built at St. Albans, '25. The succession of rectors have been F. D. Goodwin, '31; J. B. Martin, '34; St. Johns church built at Charleston, '35; Dr. Jas. Craik came 39 and under his minis- tration St. Lukes church erected at Mai- den about '40; H. D. Ward came '45; F. M. Whittle, present bishop of Vir- ginia located here in '47; R. T. Brown, '50; T. L. Smith, '54. The Federal army took the church for storage of quarter- master's supplies in '61 and the congrega- tion was scattered till W. F. M. Jacobs came '65; O. K. Pate, '66; Jos. A. Nock, 'C7; C. M. Callaway, '70; R. A. Cobbs, '75, under whose ministrations in '84 the foundation of ST. JOHNS CHURCH, corner of Quar- rier and Broad Sts., was laid. This was consecrated June 9, 1901 at a cost of over $51,000. Rev. Cobbs died in '87 and was succeeded in '88 by R. D. Roller, D. D. Dr. Roller is a native of Rockingham Co., Va., attended Mercersburg college and g: aduated from the Theological Semi- nary of Va. 1876. He served as rector at Hanover, Va. to '79 and of Trinity church at Martinsburg until he came to Charles- ton. Dr. Roller is chaplain and chair- man of the executive committee of the Sheltering Arms hospital of Paint Creek St. John's Episcopal Church* and widely known in Charleston's chari- table work. MISSIONS.— St. Luke's, on the West Side, was built in '74, and removed to its present site in '93, where a rectory was purchased. In '94 St. Mathews, a hand- some $6,000 stone church, was built a mile south of the city and the same yea^ St. Andrews, a rustic church on Davis Creek. These missions since 1897 have been in charge of Gerald Card, a gradu- ate of both the classic and theological departments of Trinity College, of To- ronto, Ont. VIRGINIA AVE. BAPTIST.— This church was organized in 1882 and the late John Stump served as pastor until Chas. Davis came in '95; M. A. Kelley, '97; J. E. Taylor supplied 3 months of '99 when — 99- Hebrew Educational Society. the pastorate was vacant for 9 months. Chas. E. Griffin was born in Mo., reared in Ohio, attended Dennison University for three years, and graduated from Crozer Theological seminary of Chester, Pa., shortly prior to locating here June 1, 1900. The church has been greatly re- vived under his ministrations and now numbers 116. The edifice is valued at $2,500. HEBREW EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY was incorporated March, 1873, and Rabbi M. Schwed was first teacher. There have been a number of Rabbis in charge prior to Leon Volmer who is a native of Lit- tle Rock, Ark., graduated at the University of Cincinnati, in June last, coming here Sept. 1, 1901. The society started with ten members and soon af- terwards erected a small synagogue on State street. In 1892-3 it had grown strong enough to build the handsome syn- agogue on Virginia street, illustrated herewith. This, with lot, cost $25,000 and is a model bunding. The officers are Chas. Loeb, Pres.; B. Batr, V. P.; Her- bert Frankenberger, Sec; Ph. Franken- berger, Treas.; Sol May, Warden; I. Schwabe, M. Goldbarth, Gus Stern Trus- tees. THE CHILDREN OF JACOB.— This Hebrew Society was started in 1893 by Rabbi Aldrich and came under the min- istrations of S. Friedman the following year, when the present synagogue on Court St. was purchased. The society has about 40 members and are known as Orthodox Jews. — 100 — Entertainment Interest. Burlew Opera House. BURLEW OPERA HOUSE.— Many per- sons desire first class entertainments and these can only be had when there is a suitable opera-house. Charleston is fa- vored in having one which is a source of pride to her citizens. The Burlew, which was opened Oct. 31, 1891, and in which the best troupes on the road have played within the past ten seasons. It has a seating capacity of 1,500 including ten handsomely fitted private boxes. The stage is 41x65ft., and there are 12 well ap- pointed dressing rooms with convenient exits for safety against fire. The audi- torium is on the ground floor and finely lighted by electricity and gas. The Bur- lew is a credit to Charleston, to N. S. Burlew, who is careful to list the best at- tractions attainable, and to Frank Wood- man, the other proprietor who had the public spirit to assist in the erection of a first class opera house in this city. THE HOTEL RUFFNER was opened by Ruffner Brothers in 1886 and came into the hands of the Charleston Hotel Co., Geo. O. Taylor, manager, March 4, 1901. Probabaly no other house in this State combines more excellent features than the Ruffner. It is five stories in height, built of pressed brick, and its architectural beauty is an admiration. Since the recent improvements the in- terior is very imposing. Its marble floor lobby, handsome columns, artistic paintings and decorations, make of it a modern and model hotel. It is equipped with elevator, electric return call bells, steam heat, a complete electric light, ice and cold storage plant, and the usual conveniences of the better class of hotels. Its one hundred guests rooms are attrac- tively fitted, its parlors and dining room luxuriously furnished and the menu is the best the market affords. The loca- tion of this hostlery at the corner of Kanawha and Hale streets gives easy ac- cess to the depots and business centre, as well as a magnificent view up and down the Kanawha river. Its present proprietors are making every reasonable endeavor to meet the wishes of the trav- eling public, and Hotel Ruffner is a credit to Charleston and this State. Hotel Ruffner. 101 — Hotel Washburn Row. HOTEL WASHBURN— This house is at in Charleston since 1888, and is posted No. 52 Capitol street, directly oposite in catering to the public. Chas. H. Fish- the Postoffice, has office, dining room and er, clerk, was a former manager of the kitchen on first floor, and some thirty house and has been with the St. Albert guests rooms over Nos. 52, 54 and 56 for three years. The location is 224 Capitol street. It is well kept by A. C. to 230 Kanawha St. Lawrence, a native of Maiden, who was reared in Winifrede, and commenced the hotel business in Charleston August 16, 1899, having for three years tprior been deputy clerk of Kanawha Co. circuit and criminal courts. The Washburn has a nice parlor, furnishes clean beds, a good menu and neat dining room at the mod- erate price of $1 to $2 per day. No A&i'jk saloon attached. THE iST. ALBERT is a substantially constructed four story brick, built for ho- tel purposes and containing 50 guests' rooms, is the largest $2.00 per day house here. It is provided with an elevator and its rooms well furnished with mod- ern conveniences.. J. L. Roadarmour, manager, is a native of Gallia Co., Ohio, «r^~ St. Albert Hotel. — 102 — Medical Matters. This sketch could hardly be considered complete without a brief reference to the men who have tried to relieve suffering humanity. The first physician here of whom we find record was Dr. Shrewsbury, who came about 1800. Dr. Eoff, 1811; Spicer Patrick, '16; Dr. Cushman, '30; J. P. Hale, '44; Ben Wilson, '45; Milton Parker, '46; A. B. Summers, '50, who died March 30, 1901; and numerous oth- ers in the past 50 years besides those mentioned hereafter, who have remained short periods. DR. JOHN T. COTTON was born at Marietta in 1819, was the first graduate from Marietta College, attended the Ohio Medical College, located in Ravenswood '43 and became a partner of Dr. Spicer Patrick at Charleston June 1, '45; soon afterwards purchasing the Cotton block, S. E. corner Capitol and Kanawha Sts., where he still holds an office but has re- tired from practice. DR. A. S. PATRICK is the son of Spicer Patrick, who was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., Jan. 28, 1791, practiced in Charleston 65 years and died here in 1884. Alfred S. graduated from Marietta College '49, Oiiio Medical College '53, practiced 5 years in Mason Co. and located here in '59. DR. W. P. EWING, LL.D., is a native of Rockbridge Co., Va. ,and graduated from Jefferson Medical College of Phil- adelphia in 1846. He has been continu- ously in practice here since 1871. Office 338 Kanawha St. Dr. Ewing has served as president of the State Board of Health and is one of the U. S. pension examiners at this place. DR. J. M. STAUNTON, a native of Genesse Co., i\. Y., attended the Geneva Medical College and commenced practice in 1845. In 1859 he visited the petroleium distilleries of the Cannel Coal Co., four miles up Mill Creels from Elk, and the next year located there. Fifteen years later he removed to Charleston, where he has since been in active practice. Office in his new residence, i>80 Kanawha St. DR. J. T. BARBER, a native of Ply- mouth, Ind.. graduated from Marietta Col- lege in 1877, later receiving the A. M. from the same college and taught for some years in West Virginia. On a competitive examination he received a scholarship in the University of Pennsylvania, and after graduating from the medical department of that institution in 1882, located in Char- leston. Dr. Barber is a member of the American and State Medical Association, has been president of the local and is now secretary of the Charleston Medical Asso- ciation. He is City Health Officer and president of the County Board of Health. In 1901 he visited the principal hospitals of Europe for clinical study and is again at 364 Virginia St. DR. W. W. TOMPKINS, a native of Kanawha Co. and graduate of Columbia College, New \ork class of 1882 has been in active general practice in Charleston since that time. Office at No. 56 Capi- tol St. Dr. J. B. Houston, of Monroe Co., W. Va., graduated from the Medical College of Ohio in '82 and located here in '91. Office 75% Capitol St. Dr. J. F. Wilcox, a native of this Co., giaduated from the University of Lou- isville in '83, and located in Charleston. Office Lynn Block. DR. R. S. HENRY, a graduate of the University of Md. located in Charleston in 1884 and ten years later he spent some months in Europe in clinical study of the eye, ear and throat, which are his specialties, but he also does general prac- tice. Office Arcaae Building. — 103 — Dr. J. L. Stump, a native of Gilmer Co., W. Va., graduated from the Virginia Medical College of Richmond, in '88, and the following year located in Charleston. He was first mayor of Elk City and has erected a good business block on Sum- mers St., opp. the P. 0. V DR. J. M. M'CONIHAY is a native of Cabell Co., graduated from the Ken- tucky School of Medicine, 1876, and lo- cated in Charleston in '89. Dr. McConi- hay took a post graduate course at the Polyclinic of New York in '91 and again in '99, to keep pace with progressive medicine. Office and residence 184 State St. DR. JAMES PuTNEY.— Richard Put- ney commenced the practice of medicine at Charleston in 1815, residing in this vicinity until his death, in 1862. James Putney Sr. practiced in this vicinity from '46 till '76 and the present James Putney, who was born at Maiden, graduated from the University of Maryland in '89, at- tended the Polyclinic of New York and located here in 1891. Office at 56 Capi- tol St. DR. I. P. CHAMPE, a native Charles- tonian, attended the University of West Virginia and graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Balti- more in 1892. Soon afterwards he locat- ed in Charleston. Office 30% Capitol St. DR. V. T. CHURCHMAN, a native of Augusta Co., Va., graduated from Jeffer- son Medical College of Philadelphia in '89, practiced at Alderson, this State, for two years, spent a year in studies of the eye, ear, throat and nose as a post graduate and located in Charleston 1892. Dr. Churchman is a member of the principal medical societies and interested in Char- leston industries. Office at 362 Washing- ton £t. DR. G. C. SCHOOLFIELD is a Ken. tuckian and graduate of the Medical Col- lege of Ohio, Class of 1891. After serv- ing a year as resident physician of the Good Samaritan Hospital of Cincinnati he located in Charleston, where he has since practiced and has an office at 75% Capi- tol St. DR. H. H. YOUNG was born in Cincin- nati, reared in Kentucky, and graduated from the Ohio Medical College, Class of 1900. He served as resident physician to the Christ Hospital of Cincinnati and in June 1901 accepted a partnership with Dr. Schoolfield as above. DR. A. G. STAUNTON is a Charleston- ian graduate of University of Penn. '93, and in practice here since. Dr. Rachel Bullard Staunton graduated for the Wo- man's Medical College of Philadelphia in '94 and in practice here the next year. Married Dec, '98. Partners since. DR. H. F. TICKLE, a native of Bur- lington, N. C, graduated from the Balti- more Medical College in 1894 and located in Charleston, where he has continued in practice. Office 246 Capitol St. DR. CHARLES O'GRADY was born in Galway, Ireland, came to Charleston in childhood attended the University of West Virginia and graduated B. S. from Kana- wha Military Institute. He studied medi- cine at the Georgetown University and the Kentucky School or Medicine re- ceiving the degree of M. D. from the latter in 1897 and opened a practice in Charles- ton. His office is at 69% Capitol St. DR. C. W. ROOT, a native of Pitts- field, Mass., was educated in the schools and graduated from the medical depart- ment of the university at Ann Arbor, Mich., in 1893. He began practice as as- sistant surgeon at the copper mines in Upper Michigan, and was next associated for over two years with Dr. Wurie- — 104 — mann, the eminent specialist, in Milwau- kee. He then took post-graduate courses at the Polyclinics in New York and Phil- adelphia, finally locating at Charleston in 1897. Practice confined to diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat. Office Rooms 31-32 Arcade. DR. C. E. COPELAND, a native of Mon- roe Co., graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Baltimore, 1892, took a post-graouate there '9S, and has been in practice here since Apr., '99. Office at 88 Charleston St. DR. L. L. AULTZ, a native of this county and graduate from the Louisville Medical College of '94, took post-gradu- ate courses at Philadelphia, '98, and at Baltimore, 1900, becoming a partner with Dr. Copeland Jan., 1901. Dr. A. A. Shawkey, of Jefferson Co., Pa., took a three years' course in the Portland (Me.) School of Medicine, prac- ticed for a year at Eglon, W. Va., grad- uated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Baltimore in 1900 and May 15 of that year located in Charles- ten. Office 21 H Capitol St. DR. J. C. GEIGER, also from Augusta Co., Va., and a graduate of the Virginia University, located in practice here the present year and has office with Dr. Churchman. Dentists — Refractionist. DR. J. N. MAHAN, a native Charles- tonian, and dental practitioner of 25 years' standing, is located at No. 75 Cap- itol St., where he makes a specialty of crown and bridge work and gold fillings. DR. E. A. BOTKIN was born in this city and commenced dentistry here 25 years ago. For four years past he has held an office at corner of Court and Donnally sts., but removed Oct. 1st to 248% Front St., where he has well fitted rooms. DR. J. F. BUTTS, a native of this State, graduated from the Baltimore Col r lege, of Dental Surgery in 1890 and lo- cated in Charleston. Dr. Butts is Sec- Treas. of the State Board of Dental Ex- aminers. Dr. F. R. Butts graduated 1'iom the University of Maryland in 1900, and is in practice with his brother at curner of Capitol and Virginia Sts. DR. F. A. COUCH, a native of Mason county, graduated from the Ohio College of Dental Surgery in 1895, and located in Charleston. He has office rooms over Boggs' drug store. Artistic Window Signs of W. H. M'DOUGAL, M. O., a native of Pa., graduated from the Chicago College of Opthalmology in 1888, and after 7 years with a large opthalmic firm in Chicago removed to Indianapolis, from v. hence after six years of successful practice he removed to Charleston, Apr., 1001, in order to avoid the malaria of the Hoosier State. Dr. McDougal has offices at 1 and 2 Arcade building, where he has every necessary instrument for thorough examination of refractory eyes, and prescribing the proper lenses. — 105 — Thomas & PotterfielcPs Drug Store. THOMAS & POTTERFIELD.— This drug store was started ten years ago, Dr. F. S. Thomas becoming proprietor in 1894 and 'C. A. Potterfield a partner the next year. For eight years it has been located at the corner of Capitol and Vir- ginia Sts. This building was burned Jan. 2, 1900, and rebuilt the same year. The store is equipped for handling the requirements of the drug line, has the agency for the Edison Phonographs, and carries photographers' supplies. ROGERS PHARMACY.— In 1840, when Charleston had but 1,000 inhabitants, Dr. J. H. Rogers opened a drug store at 248 Kanawha St. and continued in charge of the same until he sold to his son, J. A. Rogers in 1895, who is proprietor, while the senior Rogers has retired. This is unquestionably the oldest mercantile es- tablishment here. • SCOTT BROTHERS.— Among the hand- somely equipped drug houses of Charles- ton Scott Brothers, at 56 Capitol St., takes a leading place and carries every- thing in drugs and sundries. W. D. and G. W. Scott are natives of Charles- ton and opened trade here 16 years ago. They have assisted in the beautification of the city by the erection in 1891-2 of the handsome four-story brick block ad- joining the opera house. Home and Hospitals. DAVIS CHILD'S TRANSITORY SHEL- TER. — For many years past some of the States have provided homes for homeless children, and five years since W. Va. took up the work. The Huntington and Char- leston homes are auxiliary to the Na- tional society, however, instead of to the State society. These were established Apr., 1896, by D. W. Comstock, D.D., and a year or two since he prevailed upon ex-U S. Senator H. G. Davis, of Elkins, to furnish a permanent building for the Charleston friendless. The Botkin prop- erty, covering an acre at 412 Washington St., was purchased and repaired at a cost — 106 — The Davis' Child's Transitory Shelter. of $11,000. Senator Davis has endowed this with $1,200 a year for expense. The plan is to take children temporarily and secure homes for them as fast as desira- ble places can be found. From 12 to 17 children have been at the home, the en- tries each year numbering about 50. Tho officers are ex-Gov. G. W. Atkinson Pres.; R. D. Roller, D.D., V. P.; J. Q. Dick- inson, Treas.; D. W. Comstock, D.D., State Supt.; Mrs. C. H. Seaton, Asst. Supt. THE CITY HOSPITAL.— The Medical Society of Charleston in 1893 petitioned the Council for a hospital, and the elec- tors in '94 approving it, bonds were is- sued and a fine structure was erected in '96-7 at a cost of $30,000. It stands some 200 ft. above the bottom lands, com- manding a beautiful view of the city, and is surrounded by stately shade trees. The building is of brick, trimmed with stone, is four stories (.wings two stories), inside finished in yellow pine. The building is divided into wards and is fitted with every needed appliance of a good hospital. It has been leased by Dr. F. S. Thomas, who has the general man- agement under the advice of a board of directors. Miss Mary E. Reid officiates as head nurse and as superintendent of the Training School for Nurses, which has been recently established. Although known as the Thomas Hos- pital, in deference to the lessee, Dr. Thomas is assisted by an able corps of — 107 — City Hospital. physicians. The manager is a native of this county and graduate of the Univer- sity of Maryland, 1878, and of Bellevue Hospital Medical College '87. The hos- pital has a number of private rooms, with baths on each floor, and is among the best appointed buildings for its pur- pose in the State The directors are J. Q. Dickinson, J. R. Seal, F. J. Brown, Peter Silman, Geo. Minsker, Chas. Loeb and Chas. Capito. CHARLESTON GENERAL HOSPITAL was established some three years since by Charleston physicians and with the present year came under the management of Drs. Churchman & iSchoolfield, al- though open to the patients of all prac- titioners. The hospital was opened on Kanawha St., but Apr. 1901 was removed to Broat St., opposite the R. C. Church, in the building formerly occupied by Father Stenger. Trained nurses and all needed surgical appliances are found here for the care of the sick or wounded and patients are cared for at nominal rates. The Legal Profession. STATE SUPREME COURT was men- tioned on page 26 and we will here only add a line about the resident judge, Henry Clay McWhorter, who was born in Marion Co., 0., Feb. 20, 1836, and served as Captain Co. G, 9th W. Va., in the civil war. Mr. McWhorter was a member of the State Legislature 1865-8, serving as speaker of the house the latter year. He was again elected '84-'86. Judge Mc- Whorter served as prosecuting attorney tor Kanawha Co. '69-70, city solicitor '70, and was elected Nov. '96 for a twelve year term on the Supreme Bench. Among the early lawyers of note here we find that Edward Graham was ap- pointed Commonwealth Attorney in 1796 at a salary of $40 per year. Capt. Cartmell and Scotch Jamie Wilson practiced at the Charleston bar early in the past cen- tury, while later came Jos. Lovell, Mat- thew Dunbar, Benj. H. Smith, D. E. & E. W. McComas, J. G. Newman, Thos. Smith, J. M. Laidley, J. L. Carr, Isaac Read, J. H. Ferguson, Chas. Hedrick, Robt. Thompson, W. E. Gillison, Thos. Gardner, J. L. Moseley, Geo. S. Patton, Edw. Kenna, Henry Fitzhugh, Andrew Parks, G. W. Summers, S. A. Miller, Nich. Fitzhugh, J. H. Brown, T. B. Swann and 1. N. Smith in antebellum days, W. A. Hogeman, Jas. H. Nash, E. B. Knight and others later. J. S. Swann, now retired, who was admitted in 1849, is oldest among those now living, and Maj. Broun first among those still practicing. BROUN & BROUN.— Maj. T. L. Broun was born in Loudoun Co., Va., and grad- uated from the University of Virginia. — 108 — Queen Shoals, Mining Village on C. C & S. Ry. He read law with Judge Summers, of this city, and was admitted to practice Jan., 1852. He served in the Confederate aiiny and was disqualified to practice here until the enabling act of 1870 re- stored that privilege to Confederate sol- diers, since which he has resided in Charleston. Fontaine Broun, son of the above, was born in Richmond, reared in Charleston, educated at the University of Va., admitted to practice in 1892, since which he has been a partner with hir father. Office 239 Kanawha St. MOLLOHAN, M'CLINTIC & MATH- EWS. — Wesley Mollohan, of the above firm, is among the oldest lawyers of Cbarleston, having been in continuous prartice here since 1864. He is a na- tive of Braxton Co., W. Va., admitted to the bar in 1864 and located in Char- leston nearly 36 years ago. G. W. McClintic, of Pocahontas Co., W. Va., graduated from the law department of the University of Va. 1886, located in Charleston two years later and be- came a partner in the firm of Mollohan & McClintic. W. G. Mathews was born al Lewisburg, Greenbrier Co., attended the law school of the University of Va. and was admitted to a partnership, in Jan. 1901. The firm occupy rooms 45 to 49, Citizens' Natl. Bank building. H. M. Anderson, a Charlestonian, who at- tended Princeton University and graduat- ed in law at Danville, Ky., '98, has office with the above firm. W. S. LAIDLEY, a native of Cabell Co., read law with Judge G. W. Summers, was admitted to the bar in 1866, and a partner with his preceptor till his death in '68. He was then a partner with W. H. Hogeman till '85 anu since in practice alone. Office 27V 2 Capitol St. JOSEPH RUFFNER was admitted to the bar in 1871 and has been in the practice of law here for 30 years. He is serving as U. S. Commissioner and Mas- ter in Chancery of the U. S. Circuit Court. Room 12 Kanawha Valley Bank. (Lawyers and Office Matters Cord, page 118.) 109 — Insurance Etc. cident and the North Western Life Ins. ~" Co., of Milwaukee and Lloyd's Plate THE LOHMEYER-GOSHORN INSUR- Glass Co> ANCE AGENCY, at 291 Kanawha St., is These cover fire, life accident, marine, among Charleston's solid concerns, as it , p iate-glass, fidelity and judicial bonds, holds the general agency for this State ]^ r _ Patterson also places mortgages and for some of the leading insurance com- collects rents. Through care and in- panies of the world. This general agency dustry his business has steadily grown has subagents in the principal towns of unal his extensive agency is recognised W. Va., which report through Charles- as one of Charleston's solid concerns, ton, and as Lohmeyer & Goshorn keep deGRUYTER & FRASIER established in close touch with the home office they an underwriting agency in Charleston are able to give patrons prompt atten- ct. 5, '97, and have increased their busi- tion. Usually the busy business man has ness un tn they now have 15 fire insurance neither the time nor technical skill to an- companies, are the general agents in alyze the standing of insurance corpora- w. Va. for the New York Plate Glass tions; but must to a great extent rely Co. and the Ocean Accident & Guarantee upon the judgment of the agent with Corporation, Ltd., of London, Eng., the whom he places risks.. Wm. Lohmeyer largest casualty company in the world, removed from Baltimore to Charleston in With the complement of companies men- 1888, while E. J. Goshorn, a native of the tioned they are in positien to place and city, commenced underwriting about that care for insurance of every class and time and in 1897 the twain combined to cover any required amount of busi- their agencies. Their long experience ness submitted to them. The firm is com- and careful attention to every detail has posed of Julius A. deGruyter, who serv- gained the confidence of many patrons, ed with honor as Mayor of Charleston, who when in need of fire, life plate-glass 1895-9, and is now connected with several or boiler insurance need only to express prominent business interests of the city; their wants and feel certain that the risk and Robert L. Frasier, who came to will be placed in a thoroughly reliable Charleston from Washington, D. C, Jau company. 19, 1891, since when he has been engag- ed in the fire and casualty underwriting DAVID W. PATTERSON, insurance bTIsiness . The offices Qlf the firm are at agent, at 303 Kanawha St., was born and 307 Kanawha St., opposite Hotel Ruff- educated at Lancaster, Pa., came to Char- ner> where the general puDl j c will be leston in 1883 and commenced insurance cheerfully informed as to the great ad- the following year. He writes for some vant ages in and about Charleston, of the largest American and foreign companies, such as the Aetna and Hart- J- E CHAMBERLAIN represents several ford of Conn.; Liverpool & London & standaTd fire insurance companies having Globe, London and Lancashire, North office in the Kanawha Natl. Bank building. British and Mercantile and Com- He has been about 15 y ears in tne busi " mercial Union, of London, Eng- ness here and is wel1 known in the city. land; Caledonian, of Edenburg; Ham- REINHOLD C. FRANKLIN represents burg-Breman, of Germany; New York the Connecticut Mutual Life Ins. Co., one Underwriters, Hanover, Niagara and of the oldest and most conservative Amer- Phoenix, of New York; Merchants, of ican companies. Office Room No. 2, Ka- N. J.; also the Travelers' Life and Ac- nawha Natl. Bank building. — no — RETAIL STORES. Under this heading we shall only be able to give some of the representative houses as we have several other matters of importance to describe and our space is limited. We feel certain that no other house will take exception to our giving the first place to STERRETT BROTHERS DRY GOODS CO. — Sterrett Brothers opened the dry goods trade in Charleston in 1890 and by meeting the demands of customers for a strictly first class house have steadily pushed to the front and in the line of dry goods, carpets and millinery have a stock that would do credit to any metropolitan city. The building illustrated herewith is 42x120ft., three floors and basement, and the lines are very complete in all depart- ments. With Jan., 1901, the Sterrett Bros. Dry Goods Co. was incorporated, Chas. F. Sterrett, Pres.; W. R. L. Sterrett, Vice-Pres.; Jas. B. Sterrett, Sec.-Treas. Thirty-two people are employed by this company and the magnitude of its bus- iness greatly assists in Charleston's for- ward march. F. J. DANIELS & CO.— This depart- ment store was inaugurated upon the completion of the handsome stone front Brown Block, at 16 Capitol St., in 1894, by J. F. Daniels, a native of Massachu- setts, who has Deen merchandising in Charleston for 20 years. The depart- ments cover dry goods, notions, boots and shoes, carpets, house furnishings, queensware, crockery, tinware, toys and bargain counters. In fact, nearly every- thing needed in the household aside from groceries and furniture proper, and mak- ing a great convenience to those who de- sire to do most of their trading with one he use. Daniels & Co. — Brown Block COYLE & RICHARDSON.— This house was established in 1884 and has always held a prominent place in the dry goods trade of Charleston. It is situated in a large four-story brick building, 26x126 ft., on the corner of Capitol and Quar- rier Sts. They keep a full and complete — Ill — well as ladies' ready made suits, furnish- ing goods, and shoes, and cater especi- ally to the better class of trade. The firm employs, about 25 people. THE ORT CO. — Charleston has numer- ous stores away from the main business center, but there is no handsomer business block and perhaps no better kept store than that of the Ort Co., at the corner of Charleston St. and Virginia ave., illus- trated herewith. The building was erect- ed in 1898 by the Ort Sisters, Rose, Cath- arine and Anna, ai a cost of $10,000. The store was opened in '99 and came into the hands of the Ort Co. in 1900, C. C. Ort, manager. The line comprises dry C I i, p- L j goods, notions, shoes, hats caps etc., and y is a great convenience to the Elk City assortment of staple and fancy dry goods, division of Charleston. Being directly on foreign and domestic, embracing a wide the electric car line, i„ is readily acces- range of textile fabrics and notions, as s ible f-om any part of the city. Residence of Geo. F. Coyle. — 112 - The Oft Company. Shoes, Etc. MAY SHOE CO.— M. H. May opened a general store in Charleston in 1857, and H. W. May succeeded to the business iu 79. In 1895 Phil. M. May became a part- ner, making the firm May Shoe Co. This firm makes a specialty of fitting customers with care in stylish and high grades of footwear. It keeps all sizes of Hanan & Sons' fine shoes and a complete outfit of everything usually found in a first-class retail shoe house. PALMER & THOMAS.— This well es- tablished shoe house commenced business in 1892 and has added to its stock from year to year until it is among the leaders in the retail shoe trade of Charleston, handling the Walkover. Douglas and Bar- rister Shoes for men. Best of All. ladies' shoes, made by Drew, Selby & Co.. and other desirable brands, covering mens, women's and children's footwear. It is located at 264 Kanawha street and enjoys a large trade. J. D. JEFFRIES & CO.— J. D. Jef- fries, a native Charlestonian, commenced clerking for the shoe firm of Jelenko & Loeb, at the southeast corner of Kana- wha and Summers streets, 23 years ago, and in 1878 he bought out his former em- ployers. He still continues at the old stand where he has a fine line of eastern makes of men's shoes, Cincinnati brands of ladies' shoes, and keeps a full line of children's shoes ruboers, etc. Mr. Jef- fries is sole agent in Charleston for Snag Proof Rubber Boots. Clothing & Gents' Furnishing . PH. FRANKENBERGER & CO. haa been continuously in the Charleston trade since 1860. Six years ago the business was moved to its present location, cor- ner of Kanawha and Summers Sts., where it occupies the four-story brick block, 266 Kanawha St., illustrated herewith, car- i ying a full line of clothing and gent's furnishings, hats and caps, trunks, etc The firm does an extensive retail trade and jobs to the trade in this and adjoining counties. Henry Kleeman has for some time been a partner in the concern and with Jan. of the present year Herbert and Max Frankenberger. sons of the — lib — senior partner, became members of the concern. The business has increased within the past year or two so that more 100m is lequhed and a hoor of No. 264 has been secured ana will soon be con- nected with archways. Schwabe & May. SCHWABE & MAY.— I Schwabe and Sri. May commenced the wholesale and retail clothing trade in 1878. In '95 they erected the Fountain Block and moved into it. A. Schwabe, who had a large merchant tailoring business, consolidated with Schwabe & May at that time and I. Schwabe retired Jan. 1, 1901. The bus- iness occupies three floors at 72, 74 Cap- itol St., and covers a full line of mer- chant tailoring, clothing, and gent's fur- nishings, giving employment to about a score gf tailors, besides salesmen, and adding"its share to Charleston as a com- mercial centre. Millinery, Etc. MRS. A. V. M'GRATH, a native Charlestonian, has been for twelve years past in the millinery business here. She keeps, a line of millinery, art materials and hair goods at 232 Kanawha street, and attends fitting and trimming to the order of customers. Books**Laundry***Mill. CAPITAL, BOOK STORE— The book store of S. S. & £. T. JUoore was started in 1865 and is now owned by S. Spen- cer Moore & Co., the company being W. C. B., H. S., and G. E. Moore, sons of the senior partner. Moore's store has kept pace with the times expanding in each department until it is now one of the largest in the State covering three floors at No. 50 Capitol street, occupying 7,500 feet of floor space. It does con- sfderable jobbing and an extensive retail trade in the line of books stationery, school, supplies, fancy goods, wall paper, picture frames, kodaks and photog- rapher's supplies, job printing, and .is among Charleston's solid commercial, houses. r THE HOME LAUNDRY CO. was char- tered, August 1901, by E. W. Staunton,. C. S. Peyton and others to purchase and consolidate the Metropolitan and Kana- wha steam laundries. These were old and well equipped plants irom which the best machinery has been retained and / modern equipments added and The Home Laundry Company is equalled by few laundries in the country. C. S. Peyton, president, and P. W. Sweet, secretary, are both experienced in the laundry business and with its excellent facilities for turning out fine work the success of The Home Laundry Company is assured. The company has thirty branch offices in towns of this State and Virginia, in ad- dition to the city trade: employs 15 to 20 peoDle, and assists in advertising Charleston as an industrial centre. THE BIBBY MILL was started by Samuel Bibby & Co. in 1832 and has been in the hands of some of that name a large share of the time since then, being now owned by James Bibby who was born here in '37, and his son who 114 — has also been brought up as a milLr. 'lhe Bibby Mill is for custom work, hav- ing a capacity of iU ban els per day, and handling a fair shaie of the wheat from ivanawha and surrounding coun- ties. It was rebuilt to the 1 oiler process some 15 years ago, having eight sets for wheat and one for corn. Hardware, Etc. KANAWHA NAIL & IRON CO. is kept at 161 Clendenin street, handling general hardware at wholesale and retail. L. P. Proffitt, principal owner, had been con- nected with wholesale hardware houses for many years prior to starting this March 1884. The nouse keeps a travel- ing salesman who visits the trade for 100 miles around. It holds the agency for The Frick Co.. which furnishes mills and all kinds of supplies. L. C. GATES, a native of Wirt coun- ty, has been in Charleston for 30 years. He spent 12 years as a gr"ocer and for 18 years past has been in hardware at 276 Kanawha street, where he keeps hardware, cutlery, sash, doors, blinds, paints, glass and other goods in that line. Electrical Supplies, Musical, Etc. CHARLESTON ELECTRICAL SUPPLY CO. This concern was incorporated June, 1900, for the purpose of furnishing all needed electrical supplies, construction and repair work, and has quarters at 347 Quarrier street. The company also manu- factures brass signs to the order of cus- tomers, refinish metal goods and does electroplating. 0. H. MICHAELSON commenced in the musical and sewing machine business of Charleston in 1871. later adding agri- cultural machinery. He was one of the promoters in establishing an electric plant here in '87 and has since installed a handles steam engines, and makes a spec- ialty of contracting for steam and electri- cal machinery, saw mills, etc. With the present year he secured the agency of the Hallwood Cash Register and continues this with his musical business at 220 Kanawha street, a part of the St. Albert Hotel, shown on page 102. W. A. Cantrell & Co. W. A. CANTRELL. a. native of Charleston, commenced as salesman of pianos and organs in 1887, and for sev- number of electric plants in the State. He eral years was. in the trade at Mount — 115 — Hope. He opened up a salesroom in Charleston some three yeais ago, remov- ing to the Scott block, 87 Capitol St., Jan. 1899, where he keeps a line of standaid pianos, the Estey and Mason & Hamlin organs, an assortment of small musical in- struments, and a full line of musical mer- chandise. A. T Simms. A. T. SIMMS, a native of Roane Co., commenced in the musical trade some 14 years ago and in 1891 came to Charles- ton. Five years ago he opened a store for musical instruments, a year since securing a section of the Shrewsbury block, 71 Capitol St., where he keeps Pteinway & Sons, Steiff, Schubert and other pianos, the Farrand and Chicago Cottage organs, as well as sheet music and all kinds of musical merchandise. Meats, Groceries, Bakery. The Armour Company and Swift Com- pany each have branch houses at Charles- i§g2 ton for wholesaling meats. E. C. BAUER, a native of Cincinnati, opened the meat business on Capitol street thiitecn yea.s ago and enlarged from year to year until he is now among the leadeis in his line, manufacturing sausa;e, canv- ing a full line of Lesh and salted meats, fobbing for the usual distance and doing a large retail trade. His location is No. T8 Capitol street. Yards on Glenwood Heights. GEO. S. MORGAN, who \"ts elected mayor of Charleston, March, 1901, has been for 15 years in the grocery trade at No. 74 Lovell street, where he keeps every thing needed in that line. His per- sonal mention will be found under city officials, on page 31. BUCKEYE GROCERY CO. This busi- ness was established about two years a^o. and has secured a large patronage It came to the hands of the present man- agement September 6, 1901. and three weeks later the Buckeye Grocery Co. was incorporated, E. N. Hackerman, Pres.; C. C. Lewis, Jr., Sec. Jesse Craver, manager, is a Virginian, and for ten years past has been in the grocery business. The store is at 283 Quarrier street, where a full line of staple and fancy groceries are kept, fresh, vegetables, oysters and fish in sea- son. U. C. DAVIDSON, a native of Taylor Co., W. Va., commenced the grocery busi- ness in Charleston in 1893, at corner of Washington and Morris Sts., where he keens a good line of staUle and fancy gro- ceries, which ma^es a convenience to resi- dents of that section of the citv. BETHEL ALTHERR, proprietor of the Charleston Steam Bakery, is a native of Switzerland and came to Charleston in He was for several years salesman Eagle Bakery, but last year for the — 116 — opened the bakery at No. 259 Kanawha street, where he keeps a restaurant in connection, nis tiaue extends wen ovei the city and he does some jobbing. Flour and Feed^Standard Oil. J. A. (JAKJtt, a native oi r*utnani Co., n is b< en in Charleston tor It yea^s. lie ^tau- pd tne Wholesale Piouuce Co. so^ne eignl. yeais ago, and la^ei som to jacitson Can-. \.1lU tne piesent ycux- ne upeaeu cue y.u mice business m tne oiump diock ou Summers St., oppo. tne postomce, where 1-" deals in hour, teed and produce a1 wholesale, also having a warehouse on Ciendennin St. WAGNER & MALOY. A. H. Wagner commenced the flour and feed business! at 104 Charleston street, some four year; ago, A. C. Maloy becoming a partner later, and two years since the business was made wholesale as well as retail, cov ering flour, meal, feed, hay, straw, lime, salt, meat, lard, fertilizer and farm or garden seeds. STANDARD OIL CO. It would b« sup- erfluous for one to attempt to describe tho magnitude and operations of the Stauda 1 * i Oil Co., which was incorporated in 1371, and has since extended iLs bnsino-a not only to every State in the Union, but to every civilized country on the eJ'.obc. While great concerns always have enem- ies and much has beeu written a?', ir.st the Standard, the magnitude of its eoe *a- tions has accomplished wonders in cheap- ening the production and transportation of petroleum and its products, and in giv- ing to consumers a good illuminan* and lubricant. Many cities and villages owe their prosperity to the operaMcn* of the Standard while its employes are at aV times promptly paid remunerative wages. and the profits are used to build up large industries. The Charleston brant n wis started some 15 years ago, -ind later, tankage aggiegating 445,690 gallon.*, built at South Ruilner, two miles sou*!' oi the city on the C. & u. A ware house aud keeper's residence was also erected there, ami a iaige stocK of fine engine and cylinder oils is carried in bbls. The sei- vices of 8 men aie icquiied theie in co- operage, shipping, etc. The warehouse on Capitol stieet, along the K. & M. tracks, was erected in 1S99, and has 100,- 000 gal. tankage adjoining. Ail Standard petroleum products are cariied here and the Charleston office also has charge of sub-branches at Williamson, l^eyser, Bluefield, Ronceveite, Hinton, Montgom ery, Red House, and Point Pleasant, W. Va. as well as Tazewell, Noiton, Lexing- ton, Beuna Vista, Basic City, Staunton and Ciiffton t orge, Virginia. Some 25 men a>-i employed here and 36 elsewhere in this management, and the output is a very large one. C. E. Brown, who has been connected with the Charleston office for six years, was promoted to the manage- ment here September 1, 1900. This office reports through the general agency at Baltimore. Druggists^Jewelers. KRIEG & PRICE— Among the more re- cent drug firms who have built up a good business in Charleston is the above house, which was started in 1896 by Arch Krieg, and W. C. Price becoming a partner the following year made the firm style Krieg & Price. Both partners are from Logan, Ohio, but have now become a part of Charleston. The firm handles a full line of drugs and druggists' sundries at Nc. 10 Capitol street. R. J. SATTERTHWAIT, a native of Lima. O., commenced the jewelry trade in 1864. He located in Charleston, Febru- ary 73, and for five years past has occu- pied the handsome store room at 290 — 117 Kanawha street, a part of the Kanawha Valley Bank building, where he keeps a very complete line of watches, jewelry, silverware, etc. STOLLE & SON. Among the well es- tablished and solid firms of Charleston is the above jewelry house which was started in 1854 by B. C. Stolle. Gustav Stolle, the present proprietor, was born in Germany, residing in Charleston since 1854. Mr. Stolle owns a fine suburban home on Fern dank, which he erected in 1891. His stock of watches, clocks, jew- elry, silverware, etc., at No. 11 Summers street, is very complete and would grace a city of much larger size than Charles- ton. G. W. PORTER, the Arcade jeweler, a native of Cincinnati, located in Charles- ton in 1871, and for the past four years has held «iore No. 7, Arcade, where he makes a specialty of fine custom work. G. WM. SPANIOL, a native of Charles- ton, com/menced the jeweler's trade five years ago, having since worked in several of the me+r'-pr.litan cities. Just prior to returning to Charleston, in May 1900, he spent several months with the large jew- elry establishment of F. W. Schuler & Co., of Philadelpnia. With the present year he secured store No. 4, Arcade, where he keeps a line of watches, jew- elry and optical goods. Mr. Spaniol be- lieves in live and let live principles and gives the union price of 50 cents for mainspring or watch cleaning. RUDESILL & MEAD occupy one of the seven stores of the Shrewsbury block, which are practically alike, each 23x100 ft. The block is three stories in height, fronts 175 ft. on Capitol St. and was built by the late H. D. Shrewsbury some 20 years ago. Rudesill & Mead. — See page 91. [Attorneys Continued from page 109.] A. BURLEW, a native of N. J., educat- ed in N. Y., located in Charleston in 1865, and has since been in the continu- ous partice of law here. Office rooms 42-3 Citizens National Bank. D. C. GALLAHER, a native of Jeffer- son Co., W. Va., was educated at the Uni- versity of Virginia, attended the law school of that institution and located at Charleston in 1872, where he has since been in active practice. '"j ! il ! ] ' PAYNE & PAYNE are native Virgin- ians. J. M. Payne attended Roanoke Col- lege, studied law under J. P. Holcombe, of Bellevue, Va., a former teacher of law in the State University. He was admitted tf the bar in '71 and located in Charles- ton two years later. W. D. Payne gradu- ated from the normal department of the University of Nashville, in the year 1887, and from the law school of the Washing- 118 ><(l« l *IW|>»»»'f»''V WTWirA '■"* Residence Col. E. L. Buttrick. trn and Lee University in '89. He be came a partner with his uncle and prac- ticed at Fayetteville for 6 years prior to removing to Charleston, where the firm holds offices 5, 6 and 7, Kanawha Valley Bank. E. L. BUTTRICK was born in Boston, in 1824, came to this State 30 years ago ar«d has since been engaged in the exami- nation of land titles and litigation per- taining thereto in the county, State and U S. Courts at this place. BROWN, JACKSON & KNIGHT— Jas. F. Brown is a native of Charleston, grad- uated from the W. Va. University in 1873 and has since been in practice here. He served in the legislature in 1888, is vice president of the Kanawha Valley Bank and has various other interests in Charles- ton. Malcolmn Jackson was born in Richmond, Ind., graduated from the Uni- versity of Virginia Law School in '81. He came to Charleston in '83 and in '88 form- ed a partnership with Mr. Brown as Brown & Jackson. Edw. W. Knight has resided in Charleston from infancy and graduated from Dartmouth College, N. H., in 1887. Two years later he was ad- mitted to the bar here and in 1892 joined Brown & Jackson to make the fBrm of Brown, Jackson & Knight, which occu- pies several rooms on the third floor of ivanawha bank building. John Wehrle born in Charleston, clerked in the Kana- wha Valley Bank, 1890-5, graduated from the W. Va. University Law School in '96 and has since been with Brown, Jack- son & Knight. V. L. Black, reared in Charleston, read ]°w while deputy clerk of the Criminal Court, was admitted to the bar in '96 and h?.s been with above firm since Jan., '97. — 119 — GEO. W. PATTON is a native of Mif- flin county, Pa., took a course at the Uni- versity of Virginia, came to Charleston in 1871, read law with A. Burlew, and was admitted to practice in '80, since when he has been in Charleston. Office, No. 5, __anawha Valley Bank. J. W. KENNEDY, a native of Augusta ccunty, Va., graduated from the Wash- ington & Lee University in 1880 and soon afterwards located in Charleston where he attends to general practice. Office, No. 55, Citizens National Bank. H. O. MIDDLETON, a native of This county, was admitted to the bar in 1881, having now been 20 years in the practice of law here. He served as city solicitor 1893-5. Office 27% Capitol St. ADAM B. LITTLEPAGE, who has been practicing law in Charleston since 1886, is among the self-made Charlestonians, of whom many are successful business men. He is recognized as a good lawyer and strong advocate, and has won a marked success. He believes in Kanawha county fruit and has a growing orchard of 7,000 trees and a good home near the city. i MURRAY BRIGGS, a native of Sullivan county, Ind., reared in this State was admitted to prctice in 1884 and three years later located in general practice here. Of- fice 27% Capitol street. B. S. MORGAN, who was reared m Monongalia county, graduated in both the classical and law departments of the Uni- versity of W. Va. He was elected princi- pal of the Morgantown public schools In 1878, superintendent of schools of Mon- ongalia county in '81, State Superintendent of Free Schools in '84 and re-elected in '88. Mr. Morgan was admitted to the bar in '82 and practiced at Morgantown prior to becoming a State official. After los- ing his second term he resumed the prac uce of law in Cnarleston. Office at 324 (ojuarrier street. F. L. BEAKDSLEY, a native of Ga.lia county, Ohio, attended the law school of i~e Virginia UniveiSity and graduated from the law department of ihe Cincin- nati College in '88. January following Ue located in Charleston.. Mr. Beardsley was appointed coroner August '96, and . ? s also commissioner of accounts for this county. Office No. 5, Arcade. FLOURNOY, PRICE & SMITH— S. L. Flournoy, of the above well-known le- gal firm, is a native of Richmond, Va and a graduate of Hampden-Sidney Col- lege. He commenced the practice of law at Romney in 1872, and in 1890, prior to the close of his second term in the State Senate, he resigned and entered the practice of law here. Geo. E. Price was born in Hardy Co., W. Va., and was ad- mitted to practice at Frederick, Md., in 1871. He practiced for several years at Keyser W. Va., from which place he was elected to the State Senate in 1882, serv- ing two terms and officiating as presi- dent of that body '85-7. He located in Charleston in '90, when the firm of Flour- noy & Price was formed and H. B. Smith was added in '94, making the present firm title. Mr. Smith is a native of Charles- ton, a graduate of Princeton and took his law course at the University of Va.. commencing in practice here in '89. He was for several years associated with the late W. W. Adams in practice and is connected with several prominent Char- leston enterprises. The firm of Flournoy & Price was ten years ago appointed as assistant counsel regarding the boundary lines between Maryland and West Vir- ginia, which dispute is still pending in the U. S. Court. Assisting in general of- fice matters is R. S. Spilman, who grad- uated last year from the law school of — 120 / II -4f ^1 -« - .1- -^B W. Va. Colored Institute. the University of Va.. and R. P. Flour- noy, a graduate of the law department of the University of W. Va., 1899, and H. L,. Flournoy, another son of the senior part- ner, are associates in the collection de- partment. J. H. COUCH, a native of Mason Co., graduated from Marietta College, 1869, was admitted to practice in 70 and re- moved to Charleston Sept. '92. JAMES H. NASH, a native of Putnam Co., graduated from the University of W. Va., 1876, read law with Judge Hoge, of Winfield, admitted in '77 and prac- ticed in Winfield till '93, when he remov- ed to Charleston. Office No. 3 Kanawha Valley Bank building. SIMMS, ENSLOW & ALDERSON — This legal firm, organized in 1897, is composed of H. C. Simms, a graduate o* Harvard, and F. B. Enslow who ha^e been in practice at Huntington for sev- eral years, serving as attorneys for the late C. P. Huntington and chief counsel for W. Va. of the C. & 0. Ry. These uni- ted with C. M. Alderson, a native of Greenbrier Co, wno took the degree of & A. from the University of Nashville 1891, and graduated trom tne law school oc the W. Va. University in '93, shortly af- terwards locating in Charleston. The fiim occupies Rooms 22 and 23 Kanawh-. Valley Bank building. J. F. CORK, a natve of Clarksburg graduated from the University of W. Va., A. M., L.L.B., 1884; served as chief clerk in the department of the State Free Schools, '85 to '93, and has since been in the practice of law at Charleston. Of- fice No. 54 Citizens' Natl. Bank. IVORY C. JORDAN, a native of Maine, graduated from Bowdoin College of that state in 1891 and from Harvard Law School in '93. locating here the latter year. Mr. Jordan is one of the masters ru chancery at this place. Office, No. 8, Kanawha Valley Bank. JOHN A. THAYER, a native of Char- leston, was educated at Harvard, took his lsw course there, was admitted to prac- tice in '94 and located in Charleston. He served in Cuba as first lieutenant of the — 121 — fourth U. S. Immunes in the Spanish Ameiican war. HENRY FRY, a Carlestonian, was ed- ucated in the public schools, read law with J. E. Chilton and was admitted to the bar five years ago. He served as 1st Lieut., 2d W. va, Vois. Inf. in the Span- ish-American war and returned to the practice of law. Office 5, Kanawha Na- tional Bank. RUCKER & ANDERSON.— Edgar I'. Rucker giaduated in law at the W. Va. University, in 1887, was admitted to the bar and for several years past has been practicing at Welch, W. Va. He served as Attorney General 1897-1901. L. C. An- derson graduated from the Ohio Wesleyan University, A. B., in '94; A. M. from the same, 1900; L. L. B. from the W. Va. Uni- versity Law School, 1896, and was ad- mitted to the bar. He served as Assistant Attorney General 1900-1901. Offices 22 and 23 Citizens' National Bank. H. B. BUSTER, a native Charlestonian, attended the free schools of the city and graduated L. L. B. from the law depart- ment of the Michigan University in 1900. The present year he was admitted to prac- tice in this State and has office at 27% Capitol street. FULFORD & DIBERT.— Geo. M. Ful- ford and S. Royer Dibert, lawyers, make a specialty of corporation practice and the examination and report of land titles. They are natives of Pennsylvania and practice in that State and West Vir- ginia. H. DELBERT RUMMEL occupies room 25 in Citizens' Natl. Bank building. His personal mention appears on page 32 as city solicitor. B. K. REEDY read law while teaching in district school and was admitted to the bar in 1897, having since been serving ia official positions as stated under governmental matters on page 38, until Aug. 1, 1901, when he opened a law office at 30% Capitol St. HENRY S. CATO, a native of this coun- ty, graduated in .aw from the University of W. Va., class of ±900, and August fol- lowing located here. Office No. 11, Kana- wha Valley Bank. Stenographer. T. J. ROBERTS, a native of Hartford City, W. Va., was educated in Charleston free schools and the Capital City Com- mercial College. For three years he has been doing typewriting and officiating as stenographer for the Criminal Court. His office is on third floor at 30% Capitol street. Civil Engineering. M. W. VENABLE, a Virginian, opened a civil and mining engineers office in Charleston, in 1890. He occupies rooms at 56 Capitol street, and is engineer for the Campbell's Creek Railway. See page 49. C. P. PEYTON, a Virginian, attended Roanoke College and commenced civil en- gineering in 1883, having principally been engaged in railroad engineering prior to locating in Charleston, in 1894. Office over Charleston National Bank. W. D. SELL, of Lancaster County, Pa., has been a land and railroad civil engi- neer for sixteen years, residing for nine years in Logan County. He located in Charleston a year ago as more central for business and the courts. Mr. Sell is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers. Office No. 6 Charleston Na- tional Bank. — 122 — 1* ..»* .« ^^TE^^fr 1 > si - StffflKwK™^? & \\A- ^vTMMti T"-*"^*" mmum...--** Bird's Eye View of Fern Bank*»Sooth Charleston. Real Estate and Insurance. SOUTH CHARLESTON IMPROVE- MENT CO. was incorporated in 1891, pm - chased the hill on the South Side from the Kanawha river bridge to opp. the mouth of Elk and extending back nearly a mile from the C. and O. Ry. This is quite precipitous, but has numerous ra- vines, a graded roadway and more than half of the 400 lots have been sold. There are nearly 100 residences nestling among the virgin forest, while churches, schools, lodges and other improvements have been added to this thriving suburb of Charles- ton. WEST CHARLESTON IMPROVEMENT CO. was incorporated in '92, and purchased tie bottom lands adjoining the city on the west. The tract extends from the Kanawha river to the hillside and has numerous available manufacturing sites. as well as good residential quarters. years ago. Mr. Hawkins had been a painter by traae r.nd was well acquainted with real estate values. In '98 he as- sociated his son, Wm. A., in the business and the agency of Steele A. Hawkins & Son holds forth at 27 % Capitol street. They have a larire amount of desirable property in all lines, listed on their books, attend to the rental of property and the management of estates and are among the leaders in their line. I JOHN L. THORNHILL, a native Vir- ginian, reared in Charleston, who was manager of the Charleston Daily Star 1884-9, in '92 opened a real estate and brokerage office at 21% Capitol street, where he represents Arbuckle Brothers and other leading importers and manu- facturers. He has a large line of desira- ble property listed on his real estate books, is agent for the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Co. and altogether Is a busy business man. STEELE A. HAWKINS & SON— Steele SAMUEL MATHEWSON, a Canadian, A. Hawkins, who had been sergeant-at came to Charleston in 1884,served as U. arms of the State Senate and custodian S. Supt. of Internal Revenue for 4% yea^s, of the government building engaged in was engaged in the lumber and stave the real estate business here some seven business for twelve years, since when he — 133 — has conducted a real estate agency. His office is at room 22, Arcade, where he at- tends to renting, the management of es- tates and all necessary business pertain- ing to the real estate line. Arcade Building. L. Pritchard, E. W. Knight, Geo. Goshora, Wesley Moiiohan and others. John Gres- ham recently erected the Home for In- curables at Huntington, and the firm are among the progressive business concerns of Charleston. THE PRUDENTIAL INSURANCE CO , opened a district office at 2iy 2 Capitol street, April, 1898, with J. L. Kimball, a native of Michigan, superintendent. The district comprises the southern part of this State and a part of Kentucky and Ohio. It has forty-five agencies, which report through the Charleston office. The Prudential writes industrial and ordinary insurance, and is too well known to need comment. Contractors and Builders. GRESHAM BROTHERS.— W. T. and John Gresham are natives of Durham, N. C, and commenced carpentering here in 1865. They do contract work, and among recent buildings which they have finished are the residences of Dr. L. Pritchard, H. W. T. & JOHN DAVIDSON.— Charleston has a half-dozen contractors, but none perhaps who employ more men than the above firm. The Davidson brothers are natives of Taylor Co., W. Va., and have been builders for 11 years. Among fine edifices now under construction by them are residences for Ben Baer, Enoch Car- ver and J. D. Lewis. The latter is shown on page 84. Additional residences are much sought after and the above firm has aided in the city's development by the erection of 7 handsome houses on Elwood ave. The firm uses modern methods and gives employment to about 60 men. WM. ALCOTT, of Liverpool, Eng., ex- ports logs, lumber and staves, making 124 — Old Depot, South=Side==New One Coming;. a specialty of heavy white oak lumber, which he purchases from the mills of this section and ships from 15 to 20 carloads per month. Office No. 20 Arcade build- ing, with R. C. Bell as local manager. Nursery, Seeds, Etc. THE NURSERY & SEED CO.— J. M. Neil, manager of this business, is a na- tive of Nicholas Co., and has been in the nursery trade for 17 years, and for two years past located at No. 16 Arcade building, where he supplies fruit and or- namental trees, roses, shrubs, small fruit plants, etc.; also flower, vegetable, field seeds and bulbs, which are largely grown at Rochester and Danville, N. Y. The business of this concern is con- ducted exclusively by mail, thereby saving tin salaries of middle men, and goods are shipped to any section of the coun- try, as required by customers. Photograph Galleries. A. P. GATES' is an old photographer Gallery at 2iy 2 Capitol street J. LEONARD GATES, a native of this city, has worked photography in leading galleries of the South and for 8 years past has been in the business at Char- leston, holding the gallery at Capitol and Virginia Sts., where he is prepared to dc anything in his line. GEO. P. SLACK a native Charleston- ian. commenced the photographer's trade in 1897, and in 190,. purchased the gal- lery at 248V2 Kanawha St.. where he is kept busily engaged in the art. Mr. Slack developed most of the negatives that were made by Dr. Robbins for this book and duplicate photos can be had at his gallery. — 125 — Two Sections Masonic Temple. Two of the three store sections of the building is shown herewith. This was erected in 1895-6 at a cost, with lot, of about $50,000. The three lower floors are rented for stores, while the upper floor is the home of the various Masonic bodies. Lodges, Etc. The societies of a city each have a bearing upon its desirability as a home, for many persons are attracted to their lodge centre as others are to a church home, in fact it is more and more becom- ing recognized that the standard fraterni- ties are a national blessing, and while they avoid sectarian teachings or political environments they go hand in hand with the churches in relieving the needy, visit- ing the afflicted, in teaching intellectual advancement and good Samaritan work. MASONIC. — A dispensation was issued to John Shrewsbury, Master; Samuel Shrewsbury, S. W.. and James Wilson, J. W., June 20, 1816, to organize Kanawha Lodge No. 104, which was chartered Dec. V. following with Lewis Summers, W. M.; Jas. Wilson, S. W.; Samuel Dryden, J. W. This lodge suspended Sept. 10, '32. Kanawha Lodge was revived in 1856, un- der a dispensation to Spicer Patrick, W. M.; Jas. Connell, S. W.; Geo. S. Patton, J. W. This was suspended in '61 and a dis- pensation for the third lodge granted Sept. 12, '65, with A. E. Summers, W. M.; J. S. Connell, S. W.; Wm. W. Kelly, J. W. A charter was issued Jan. 19, '66, to Kanawha Lodge No. 20, which is now oflicered by D. W. Patterson, W. M.; B. A. Caruthers, S. W.; G. S. Thomas, J. W. Thp lodge meets the first and third Mon- days of each month at Masonic Temple. TYREAN, R. A. O— Dec. 9, 1824. a charter was granted for a Royal Arch Chapter to Philip T. Thomson, H. P.; Jas C. McParland, K.; John Welch, S. This — 126 — was suspended in the anti-Masonic times charter was granted for a Royal Arch Chapter to Philip R. Thomson, H. P.; Jas. and Jan. 25, '73, another dispensation granted to A. T. Laidley, H. P.; W. S. Summers, K.; Noyes Rand, S., with privi- lege to organize a chapter, which was chartered as Tyrean No. 13, Nov. 13, 73. Present officers— H. W. Knight, M. E. H. P.; J. W. Crider, K.; G. W. McClintic, S.; H. McC. Anderson, Sec; J. N. Carnes, Treas. Convocations are held on second Mondays. Membership, 190. Colored Lodges. Charleston has a goodly number of en- tei prising negroes and maintains the usual societies as well as churches. KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS.— This is head- quarters for W. Va. K. of P. S. W. Starks is Supreme Chancellor of the World and Grand Chancellor of W. Va., maintaining an office at 20% Capitol St. There are 35 lodges in the State and 2,400 colored Knights. W. S. Kenney, of Huntington, Grand K. of R. and S. KNIGHTS TEMPLAR.— Kanawha Coni- mandery No. 4, K. T., held its first meet- ing Dec. 4, 73, with Geo. W. Patton, E. C; A. F. Gibbens, G.; J. H. Hilling, C. G.; W. S. Summers, Rec. It was chartered Feb. 25, 74, and its present officers are J. M. McConihay, E. C; H. W. Knight, G.; B. A. Caruthers, C. G.; J. W. Crider, Rec. Meets on fourth Mondays. Member- ship, about 200. CAPITOL CITY NO. 1, K. of P., was organized in 1890 and has 125 members. J. F. Clark, C. C; C. W. Boyd, K. of R. and S. Meets on first and second Thurs- day nights at Summers and Kanawha Sts. CARLON COMPANY No. 1. U. R. K. of P., was organized in 1890. John S. Michie, Captain; George E. Wanzer, Rec. Has over 50 Uniformed Knights. BENI-KEDEM TEMPLE, Ancient Ara- WASHINGTON, No. 6, A., F. and A. M., bic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, was organized July 7, 1883, and has over was organized 1896 and chartered June, thirty members. It meets first and third '97. It meets the second Thursday of Fridays. Officers — Thomas Norton, W. M.; each month and numbers 367 members, Albert Brown, S. W.; A. A. Barnett, J. many of whom live long distances away. W.; C. C. Campbell, Sec.; Fleet Porter- Its officers are: W. F. Hite. P.; J. M. Mc- field, Treas. Conihay, C. R.; D. W. Patterson, A. R.; .los. Ruffner, Rec; J. N. Carnes, Treas. ODD FELLOWS.— Kanawha Lodge No. 25, I. O. O. F.. was instituted Dec. 5, 1865, *vith David Goshorn, N. G. ; P. A. Graves. V G.; C. H. Hatcher, Sec; Jos. Shields, A. S.; Alex. Wallace. Treas. It meets Tuesday evenings at 39% Capitol St., and has about 75 members. The officers for current term are: A. Wehrle, N. G.; Sam- uel Hess. V. G.; B. F. Hoover, Sec; Chas. Loeb. Treas. Hall, 39y 2 Capitol street. Kanawha Light Lodge, 1637, G. U. O. O. F.. was organized Sept., 74, and has 55 beneficial members. Meets first and third Mondays. Robert Hamlin, N. G.; P. F. Male, Sec [Lodges,