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 Dr. Winslow Lewis, 
 
 ON RESIGNING THE PRESIDENCY OF THE 
 
 
 oston sjumissmatic Jloritfty, 
 
 .3 
 
 JANUARY 5, iTf6;. 
 
 •> 
 
 t> 
 
 $ew ¥or>: 
 
 Printed at the office of the American Journal of Numismatics. 
 
 1866. 
 
 T 
 
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 O ^o 
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ADDRESS. 
 
 Gentlemen — Brother Members of our Society : 
 
 Although the weak state of my health daring the past year would have 
 been a sufficient excuse for my declining to do more, on the present occa- 
 sion, than make a very few remarks on the state of our Society, many 
 reasons, and chief amongst them, the desire felt by me for its increased 
 prosperity and progress in a sound and legitimate direction, disincline me to 
 avail myself of that excuse, or to shrink from the performance of any duty 
 so long as I retain any power of performing it. 
 
 Probably to the minds of some of my younger brethren, the Horatian 
 warning may present itself: 
 
 " Solve senescent em mature sanus equum, ne 
 Peccet ad extremum ridendus et ilia ducat" 
 
 I am by no means insensible of the force and value of that warning; on 
 the contrary it is, I assure you, with very much of diffidence and hesita- 
 tion that I enter on my task of throwing out some suggestions for the 
 guidance of those whose powers are so much fresher and more vigorous 
 than my own, yet on the other hand, it will not, I trust, appear a prompt- 
 
Address of 
 
 ing of presumption, if I acknowledge the consciousness of feeling, that 
 what loss of vigor may have been produced by advancing years, has been, 
 to some extent, compensated by experience, especially in those studies and 
 pursuits which have formed the chief relaxation and delight of my later 
 years; and while, neither in dignity, nor sweetly-flowing eloquence, nor 
 indeed in age itself, can I or would I compare myself to that aged monarch 
 of the Iliad, the " eloquent orator of the Pylians," yet this advantage does, 
 I believe, accrue from years, that younger and more impetuous brethren, 
 will, at least, accept kindly and listen considerately to the words of their 
 more aged Brother and Friend. 
 
 It is my duty firstly, to make a very brief statement concerning what w T e, 
 as a Numismatic Society, have accomplished up to this time, and what has 
 been done by others in the United States, whether as individuals or asso- 
 ciates. 
 
 Our Association dates from i860, when a few individuals, who had for 
 a considerable time been interested in the subj.ect, united in the formation 
 of the " Boston Numismatic Society." Their object was, by an associated 
 zeal, to improve themselves in the very interesting pursuit of a study which 
 might not only increase their own knowledge of coins and medals, but 
 enable them to diffuse such information as might be valuable to others en- 
 gaged in such pursuits elsewhere. The Society have met since that period 
 regularly once a month, generally on the first Thursday. I need not say 
 that these meetings have been very pleasant in their social aspect and full 
 of interest. Rare and valuable coins have been exhibited at every meeting, 
 and papers read of great value to the Numismatic inquirer, and quite a 
 cabinet has been created, either by donations of the members or by friends 
 of the Society. 
 
Dr. Winslow Lewis. 5 
 
 The earliest collector among our number is Mr. William G. Stearns, of 
 Cambridge, the present Steward of Harvard University. He was the first 
 gentleman who devoted himself to the formation of a somewhat extended 
 cabinet of coins and medals. The next are Mr. Colburn and Mr. Daven- 
 port, gentlemen of great information as Numismatists, and who have done 
 much towards the advancement of the science and of our Society. There are 
 also several of our members whose collections are large and very choice. 
 
 Of Mr. Appleton's collection we can safely say that it is second to none 
 in this country, except, perhaps, that of Mr. Mickley. Mr. Appleton's 
 takes a wider range, embracing, as it does, numerous specimens of every 
 country. His collection of ancient Greek and Roman coins is quite large, 
 and contains fine specimens of great rarity. His American Series contains 
 very many of the rarest of our coins and medals, in particular the Massa- 
 chusetts Pine Tree Copper of 1776, the only specimen known, and also 
 the New England IlI'd of 1652, which was unknown to collectors except 
 through its mention by Folkes, until the discovery of the specimen in the 
 Cabinet of the College at New Haven. Mr. Appleton's is the only other 
 known. 
 
 Mr. Seavey's contains a complete series of the gold coinage of the United 
 States Mint, consisting of line specimens of every date and variety ever 
 coined. His collection of pattern pieces is complete. 
 
 Judge Putnam's Series of American coins is full and very fine. His 
 English Series contains many rare and valuable pieces. 
 
 The collection of medals by Mr. Wheeler is probably the largest in this 
 country, principally from the French Mint. 
 
 Mr. Fowles' collection of Greek coins and foreign medals is quite exten- 
 sive and valuable. 
 
Address of 
 
 The collection of Papal medals belonging to your President is thought 
 to be the most complete in this country. 
 
 There are now kindred Associations in Philadelphia, Providence, and 
 New York. The principal authors in this country on Numismatics are 
 Eckfelt and DuBois, Hickcox, Prime, Snowden, Felt, Dickeson, and Bush- 
 nell. The first Mint Master appointed on this continent was John Hull, 
 and the first building for the manufacture of coin was in this city. It was 
 ordered to be made of wood, to be 16 feet square and 10 feet high, and 
 certainly, as Felt observes, it did not deserve the rebuke of an adage com- 
 mon to that day, " Twelve pence laid out on the purse, and only sixpence 
 in it." 
 
 As an Association we have endeavored to publicly caution collectors 
 against the unjustifiable practice, now too palpably resorted to, of issuing 
 fac-similes of rare coins and medals. Of the Funeral Gold Medal of 
 Washington^ we are cognizant at least of two struck recently in New York, 
 and we know, also, that the rare half cent of 1796, which has brought $96, 
 has been imitated and the counterfeit circulated. 
 
 So much, gentlemen, for our own " res gestae" and position thus far ; 
 and now I shall proceed to consider, as concisely as I can, those points of 
 the history, science, and uses of Numismatics, which seem to me more 
 particularly worthy of our careful consideration, if we desire and hope — 
 as assuredly we all alike do — to raise this Society of ours to that position 
 of dignity, prosperity, and power, of which I believe it to be, if properly 
 conducted, eminently worthy. 
 
 The Science of Numismatics treats both of coined money and of medals, 
 and the nature, devices and execution of the different denominations of 
 coins, their reciprocal relations, and the laws regulating them. As " money" 
 
Dr. Winslow Lewis. 
 
 — coined money y or gold, I mean, — occupies so powerful and prominent a 
 place in our arfairs in our daily life just now, that almost the first thing 
 looked for in the evening paper is the price of gold, a few words as to 
 the origin of " money may not be altogether out of place. As to the pre- 
 cise time at which the precious metals first came into use as a circulating 
 medium, nothing can now be clearly ascertained, except that it must hftve 
 been at a period of great antiquity, (as to paper substitutes, we know much 
 more, but in this, as in other things, increased knowledge is not a synonym 
 for increased happiness). The earliest purchase of land on record, I believe, 
 is thus related: "And Abraham hearkened unto Ephron ; and Abraham 
 weighed to Ephron the silver, which he had named in the audience of the 
 sons of Heth, four hundred shekels of silver, current money of the mer- 
 chant." (Gen., xxiii, 16.) The use of bullion, whether of gold or silver, 
 was a vast improvement on the old practice of bartering cattle, which ex- 
 isted in the heroic ages : but it was still attended with serious inconvenience 
 especially in regard to the tedious process of weighing and assaying. It was 
 to obviate this inconvenience, that gold and silver were eventually coined — 
 that is, marked with a stamp, which attested both the quality and quantity, 
 or value of the piece of metal ; and then, finally, as a protection against 
 the frauds which private persons might be led to commit, the coining of 
 money was made an exclusive privilege of the government. 
 
 In Persia, gold was coined at a very early period, as is proved by the 
 very early mention of the Darics, or sovereigns, which were so called from 
 being stamped with the portrait of the Darius or king, then reigning. We 
 also know that "sovereigns," to use the English term, of a similar kind 
 were circulated by the Macedonians, under the name of Philiippi, as having 
 been first made in the reign of Philip II., father of Alexander the Great. 
 
Address of 
 
 In those ancient gold coins, the proportion of alloy is much smaller than 
 that which the gold coins and trinkets of the present day contain. Then 
 this proportion was only about one fiftieth, whereas now it is never less 
 than one twelfth. There are few, even of partly savage nations now, that 
 have not a coinage of their own. The number of coins and medals, of 
 which specimens are extant, is upwards of 200,000 ; and it is only a natu- 
 ral consequence, that so vast and long a train of metallic documents should 
 show no little light on history: and this is the main value of our science, 
 though not, I grant, the only one. This the Numismatic student should 
 always bear carefully in mind, as he should also the mode in which coins 
 illustrate history. This mode is chiefly confirmatory and corroborative, espe- 
 cially as to chronology, at least as regards the more ancient coins. On this 
 point I will cite a brief extract from the able article on Numismatics in the 
 Encyclopaedia Britannica, an article doubtless familiar to most of you, and 
 whose perusal I would strongly urge upon all who are interested in the 
 subject. " The value of the corroborative evidence afforded by coins must 
 not be overlooked. It chiefly relates to chronology, although it also adds 
 to our knowledge of the pedigree of royal houses. But perhaps the most 
 interesting manner in which coins and medals illustrate history, is in their 
 bearing contemporary, or nearly contemporary, portraits of the most famous 
 kings and captains, from the time of the first successors of Alexander the 
 Great to the present age ; whereas pictures do not afford portraits in any 
 number before the later period of the middle ages; and works of sculpture, 
 although occupying in this respect the same place as coins in the last men- 
 tioned and under the Roman empire, are neither so. numerous nor so 
 authentic. There is no more delightful companion in historical reading 
 than a cabinet of coins and medals : when we know the features of Alex- 
 
Dr. Win slow Lewis. 
 
 ander, Mithridates, of Julius Caesar and Augustus, of the Antonines and 
 Severus, we can more readily take ourselves back to the times in which 
 they lived, and see a real interest in their stories. Our belief in the truth 
 of history is confirmed by the qualities we can perceive in their portraits. 
 The strength and energy of Alexander, the brilliant genius of Mithridates, 
 the philosophic calmness of Antoninus, the obstinate ferocity of Nero, and 
 the brutality of Caracalla, are as plain on their coins as in the pages of his- 
 tory. The numismatic portraits of the time following the founding of 
 Constantinople, have less individuality, bur after the revival of art, they 
 recover that quality and maintain it to our day, although executed in a very 
 different style from those of antiquity. From this last class we can form a 
 series of portraits more complete, and not less interesting, than that of the 
 ancient period." 
 
 Nor is it upon history alone that our science throws this illumining and 
 illustrating light. It is to the same source that we are, in no small degree, 
 indebted for our knowledge of the religious ideas or belief of the ancients, 
 particularly the Greeks, in regard to whose mythology the more ancient 
 coins afford us very valuable evidence. 
 
 The same remark applies to Geography, in which most important in- 
 formation as to position of towns, their inhabitants, trade, &c, has been 
 acquired almost entirely from coins. That noble art also, of which coin- 
 engraving is itself the child — Sculpture — is illustrated in an eminent degree 
 by this our science, not only in the preservation of the memory of lost 
 statues, but also in the very high degree of engraving or sculpture art-excel- 
 lence exhibited on many of the ancient coins themselves. 
 
 From these very brief remarks, in which I have glanced at the " summa 
 fastigia rerum" — "the chief heads of a story," it is plain that manv, if not 
 
io Address of 
 
 most, departments of Ancient Literature must be indebted for their illus- 
 tration to Numismatic Science. History, Geography, Mythology, Art, 
 Poetry, must all gratefully acknowledge this obligation. If you wish any 
 further evidence of this, let me refer you to those valuable Dictionaries by 
 Dr. Smith of London, which have proved such valuable auxiliaries to clas- 
 sical and antiquarian students during the last twenty years, more particularly 
 in the first three subjects named, and the last, — the Dictionaries of Antiqi- 
 ties, of Mythology, and of Geography, — and as to Poetry, let me further 
 refer you to the beautifully illustrated editions of Virgil, Horace, Ovid, &c, 
 that have emanated during about the same period from the Oxford and 
 Cambridge University presses, and have generally appeared, soon after- 
 wards, on the tables of our fellow-citizens, Little, Brown & Co. A vast 
 number of the illustrations in each and all of these cases, have been taken, 
 you will find, from coins or medallions. 
 
 I find something that I desire to say further in regard to the uses of this 
 science, and the mode in which it ought to be, and indeed can alone be, ad- 
 vantageously and legitimately pursued, so well and fully expressed in another 
 passage in the article previously cited from, that I fear I cannot do better 
 than give its words in preference to my own : 
 
 " It cannot, however, be said that the actual condition of the science jus- 
 tifies great expectations. We shall best perceive this if we enquire what 
 objects it has to fulfill. Besides its bearing upon the History, the Religion, 
 the Manners, and the Arts of the nations which have used money, the 
 science of Numismatics has, from its relation to Art, a special modern use. 
 Not only do coins display the various styles of art prevalent at different 
 ages, but, in doing so, they supply us with abundant means for promoting 
 the advancement of Art among ourselves. If the study of many schools be 
 
Dr. Winslow Lewis. ii 
 
 at all times of advantage, it is especially so when there is little originality 
 in the world. Coins and medals have, therefore, two main uses ; the one 
 relating to the illustration of history, and the other to the promotion of 
 Art. It is not," (I ask your special attention, brethren, to this part of the 
 passage, as embodying precisely the same suggestion and warning I would 
 earnestly seek to impress upon our younger members, — nay, rather upon 
 all Numismatic students, for we are all too apt to fall into the same error), 
 " it is not for these purposes the collections are usually founded. It is in 
 vain to point to high prices now paid for rare coins, if that rarity be not 
 always accompanied by some marked historical or artistic importance. Surely 
 we must fear the decadence of this science, if its votaries, leaving its im- 
 portant teachings and objects, are seen to lavish wealth in the almost worth- 
 less pursuit of making collections, the possession of which will not engender 
 a valuable idea, nor add one iota to our knowledge. Are we not somewhat 
 degenerate at this present time, in our Numismatic pursuits ? Will the 
 possession of fifty or sixty cents, from their first coinage to this year, a 
 series not certainly strikingly artistic nor elegantly suggestive, be called a 
 lofty pursuit? LeUus hope for better days in this respect ; and meantime let 
 us preserve all that is historically valuable, and do all we can to discourage 
 the folly of collecting worthless pieces of metal, whose sole value is in their 
 scarcity, and on which so much time and money have been expended during 
 the last several years." — " Prime," Coins, Medals, and Seals, Preface. 
 
 "Very few among the collectors think of anything beyond the rarity or 
 beauty of a coin, and of the latter they frequently judge by a vicious stand- 
 ard. So little have the coins themselves been thoroughly studied, even by 
 professed Numismatists, that few of them have formed an opinion as to 
 the different denominations to which many of the most common specimens 
 
Address of 
 
 correspond. The study of ancient coins, and that of ancient systems of coin- 
 age, have been more and more separated. There is also much reason to 
 complain of the comparative neglect of various branches of Numismatics. 
 Until equal attention be paid to all, the condition of the science cannot be 
 called sound. Why, for instance, while the Roman money is eagerly col- 
 lected and studied, is the Byzantine series, its proper continuation, and one 
 of the most important portions of the mediaeval class, generally treated with 
 contemptuous neglect ? 
 
 " Numismatics, thus superficially and partially pursued, demands the 
 least labor, and affords no result of importance, except the negative one of 
 bringing into disrepute one of the most valuable aids to historical inquiry." 
 
 If any feeble word of mind could add even a feather's weight to the 
 force of the above remarks, I would most emphatically commend them to 
 your careful consideration, and especially in regard to these points : — ist, 
 Let not mere variety lead away the collector of coins, but let him ever have 
 a special regard to their historical or artistic values ; 2d, Let each young 
 Numismatist endeavor to gain a fair knowledge of the principles of the sci- 
 ence, before he enter upon the practice of it, and this he can readily obtain 
 in such works as those of Humphreys, Akerman, Hawkins, and the more 
 recondite productions of Mionnet, Spanheim, Bizot, and others, and also 
 in the article from which I have made two quotations ; 3d. Let him avoid 
 every temptation to a mere partial, one-sided study of some one corner, but 
 let him aim, both for his own sake and for the honor of the science to 
 which he professes his devotion, at a scholarly and catholic, that is thorough 
 study of the whole field. Thus will he be helping, pro virile parte, to re- 
 move from our science the stigma too justly attached to it by the British 
 Encyclopedist. 
 
Dr. Winslow Lewis. 13 
 
 I feel I have only entered on the threshold of what I desired to say to 
 you on many topics, and yet that I have already trespassed too far upon 
 your time and attention ; to one topic that has dwelt much on my mind of 
 late, however, I must and will (with your permission) briefly allude. 
 
 In the illustrations of Ancient History, to which reference has been made, 
 we find numerous coins representing many of the great battles and illustri- 
 ous conquerors of antiquity. America this day is living and acting a greater, 
 grander, and more terrible and tremendous war-history, than ever was en- 
 acted by ancient Persia, Greece, or Rome. Both amongst our dead and 
 living leaders of armies are men who well deserve to rank with the Alex- 
 anders, the Caesars, the Scipios, of those olden times; would it not then be 
 a most just and graceful tribute to the heroic and patriotic valor and skill 
 of these our brave fellow-countrymen, to commemorate, by a series of medals, 
 some of the more illustrious scenes of the war, as well as the more promi- 
 nent acton in them? Would it not also give a stimulus to an art which, it 
 is feared, has fallen into a state of languor and decay? 
 
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