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AN ACCOUNT OF THE CEREMONIES 
 
 ... AT THE . . . 
 
 Dedication of the Soldiers' Monument 
 
 Bridgton. Maine. July 21, 1910 
 
 CONTAINING ALSO THE 
 
 Addresses Delivered on that Occasion 
 
 . . . AND . . . 
 
 Biographical Sketches 
 
 . .. BY . . . 
 PHIUP WILUS MdNTYRE 
 
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FOREWORD 
 
 N THE year 1761 the General Court of Mass- 
 achusetts passed an act granting to Benjamin 
 Milliken, Moody Bridges and Thomas Perley 
 a tract of land in the then District of Maine, 
 which tract was located "east of Saco River." 
 Messrs. Milliken, Bridges and Perley were the agents and 
 legal representatives of Captain John Tyler and tifty-six 
 other soldiers and sailors who had served under Sir William 
 Phipps in the so-called "King William's War" of 1690, in 
 the course of which the French stronghold of Port Royal 
 was carried by storm and Acadia temporarily conquered. 
 
 The tract in question, which embraced about 37,000 
 acres, was made into a township which was at lirst called 
 Pondicherry — a name that in 1769 was changed to Bridgton, 
 in honor of Mr. Bridges, one of the original grantees. The 
 township was divided into eighty-six shares, of which sixty- 
 one were held by the original proprietors, one was set apart 
 for the support of the ministry, one for the first settled 
 minister (the Reverend Nathan Church), one for Harvard 
 College, one for the support of schools and one for the first 
 settler in the township. 
 
 This first settler was Captain Benjamin Kimball, a 
 sailor man who came from Ipswich, Massachusetts, during 
 the spring of 1768. In consideration of the share given to 
 him. Captain Kimball bound himself to build "a convenient 
 house of entertainment" and to "keep a store of goods." 
 It does not appear that he fulfilled both of these conditions, 
 for it was not until 1789 that the first tavern was built in 
 Bridgton ; and this was put up by William Sears, of Bev- 
 erly, Massachusetts, on the corner of the road opposite the 
 present Bridgton House. 
 
In 1768 the proprietors of the township contracted with 
 Jacob Stevens to build and keep in repair a sawmill and 
 a cornmill, both of which he erected upon that outlet of 
 Crotched Pond which has ever since been known as Stevens's 
 Brook. In 1782 certain lots on the shore of Long Pond 
 were allotted to those settlers who, by the greatest progress 
 in clearings and buildings, were deemed to merit reward, 
 and those lots have ever since been known as " The Merited 
 Lots." It was at the same time arranged to build a public 
 mill at the locality formerly known as "Pinhook." These 
 early settlers could not foresee the big Pondicherry, Cum- 
 berland and Forest woolen mills, and the various factories, 
 foundries and machine shops that now give employment to 
 skilled labor in Bridgton village. 
 
 Bridgton was incorporated February 7, 1794, becoming 
 the eighty-fifth incorporated town in the District of Maine. 
 In 1805 that part of its territory which lies on the easterly 
 side of Long Pond, comprising about 8,500 acres, was set 
 off to form in part the new town of Harrison. In 1854 a 
 tract of about 2,500 acres at the southwest corner of the 
 town was set off to form a part of the new" town of Naples. 
 In 1847, in order to restore Bridgton as far as possible to 
 its former dimensions, there was acquired on the west, by 
 annexations from the towns of Fryeburg and Denmark, a 
 tract of about 3,500 acres — which tract was locally known 
 as "Texas," the annexations having taken place soon after 
 the close of the Mexican War, 
 
 In a sketch of the part which the brave sons of Bridgton 
 played during our Civil War it may not be amiss to men- 
 tion an orgranization which flourished during " the fuss and 
 feather" days of the ancient militia. This organization, 
 formed in 1792, was the Bridgton Light Infantry, the 
 members of which wore blue coats with red facings, white 
 breeches and cocked hats with white favors. The officers 
 of this redoubtable body were Captain Isaiah Ingalls, Lieu- 
 tenant Robert Andrews and Ensign John Kilborn. Lineal 
 descendants of these men wore the blue in the great Civil 
 
War which deluged the country with blood nearly seventy 
 years later. 
 
 EARLY BRIDGTON SOLDIERS 
 
 Previous to 1792, in the War for Independence, men 
 who afterward settled in Bridgton and played more or less 
 important parts in the civic history of the new town wore 
 the blue and buff of the Continental Army and served^under 
 General George Washington. These men were Captains 
 John Kilborn and Phineas Ingalls, Lieutenants John Hay- 
 ward and Robert Andrews and privates Nathan Hale, Jacob 
 Hazen, Stephen Gates, Asa Parker, David Clark, Ephraim 
 Davenport, Joseph Kimball and Israel Ingalls, all of whom 
 belonged to the "Massachusetts Line." 
 
 In the War of 1812, which is somewhat grandiloquently 
 called the "Second War for Independence," Bridgton con- 
 tributed twenty-one men to Captain Rufus Mclntire's com- 
 pany in the Third Regiment of United States Artillery — a 
 regiment which was stationed at Sackett's Harbor, on Lake 
 Ontario, under Major General Jacob Brown in 1813, which 
 participated in the battle of Plattsburg and witnessed Com- 
 modore Perry's brilliant victory on the lake. These men 
 were Nathan Hilton, Nathan Dodge, Samuel Ingalls, John 
 M. Fields, Enoch Frost, Robert D. Bisbee, George Fitch, 
 Luther Carman, Aaron Bridgham, Daniel Perley, Nathaniel 
 Martin, Jeremiah Hale, William Stevens, William Libby, 
 Richard T. Smith, Samuel Andrews, John Kilborn, Uriah 
 Gibbs, John Davenport, Amos Gould and Darius Long. 
 During this same war Bridgton also sent to the navy Aaron 
 Littlefield, Joseph Milliken and Henry Day. 
 
 Descendants of some of these soldiers of 1775 and 
 1812 fought under the stars and stripes from 1861 to 1865, 
 and their names are to be found on Bridgton's muster rolls 
 in the adjutant general's oflfice in Augusta. 
 
DAYS OF THE CIVIL WAR 
 
 Bridgton was ever a loyal and patriotic town, and in 
 the great uprising of the united North in 1861 unhesitatingly 
 sent the flower of its youth to the front. No fewer than 
 147 men enlisted before any draft was ever dreamed of. 
 In response to the call of July 2, 1862, for 300,000 men to 
 serve for three years, 228 volunteers went into the army ; 
 and in answer to the call of August 4th for 300,000 nine- 
 months men, 29 enlisted ; while in response to the call of 
 January 1, 1863, for 100,000, six left their homes for the 
 field of battle; under the call of October 17th for 500,000 
 men, 68 enlisted, and under subsequent calls 67 volunteered. 
 
 The total number of men that were furnished by this 
 town in answer to these repeated calls upon the loyal sons 
 of our country was 311, in addition to which, at least six 
 residents of Bridgton are known to have served on the 
 quota of other States. It is quite possible, too, that there 
 were other residents of the town, temporarily absent from 
 their homes, who entered the Union service and of whom 
 no record can be found. Out of the 311 volunteers no less 
 than 41 enlisted twice, in different Maine regiments, and 
 three are known to have enlisted three times — that is, 44 
 re-enlisted ; and this does not take into account the re-en- 
 listments of three-years men whose first term of enlistment 
 had expired. 
 
 In 1861 Bridgton possessed a population of 2,556 and 
 had 617 polls, which would seem to show that more than 
 half of its voters enlisted. This, however, was not precisely 
 the case, as some of the recruits were under the age of 
 twenty-one. The town contributed volunteers to the First, 
 Second, Fourth, Fifth, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, 
 Eleventh, Twelfth, Fourteenth, Fifteenth, Sixteenth, Sev- 
 enteenth, Twentieth, Twenty-third, Twenty-fifth, Twenty- 
 ninth, Thirtieth, Thirty-first and Thirty-second Infantry, 
 the First Veteran Infantry, the First and Second Cavalry, 
 the First, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Batteries, the 
 
regular army and navy, and to Massachusetts and New 
 Hampshire regiments. 
 
 Loyalty seemed to be a sort of family institution in 
 Bridgton, for there were a number of cases where members 
 of the same household went to the front ; and the names of 
 close kinsmen are of frequent occurrence on the Bridgton 
 muster rolls. Of five Bacon boys, two of them, brothers, 
 were in the Twelfth Infantry in the same company ; the 
 third of these brothers was in Company F of the Thirtieth. 
 Of the other two Bacon boys, brothers, cousins to the first- 
 named three, one served in the Twelfth and the other in 
 the Twenty-third and Thirtieth. Two Burnham brothers 
 enlisted in the same company of the same regiment — the 
 Tenth. Of two Dodges, brothers, one served in the Eighth 
 and one in the Twelfth. The son of one also served in the 
 Thirtieth. Three Fitch brothers were in different regi- 
 ments — the First, the Tenth and the Twelfth. Two 
 Grover brothers were res[)ectively in the Twelfth and 
 Thirtieth. Two Hamblen brothers were one in the 
 Eleventh and the other in the Twelfth. Of four Har- 
 mon brothers one was in the Fifth, one in the Eleventh, 
 one in the Twelfth and one in the Fourteenth. Two Jewett 
 brothers were respectively in the Twelfth and Thirtieth. 
 Two Johnsons were in the Tenth and Twenty-ninth. Of 
 four Kendall brothers, all of them served in the Twelfth. 
 Of three Knights, father and two sons, two served in the 
 First Battery, and one of the sons served in the First and 
 Seventh Regiments of Infantry. Two Millikens, father and 
 son, were in the same company of the Thirty-second Regi- 
 ment. Three Pendexter brothers were in different regiments, 
 the Ninth, the Eleventh and the Twenty-third. Two Quincy 
 brothers were in the same company of the Ninth Regiment, 
 one of them having previously served in the Twenty-third. 
 Of three Riley brothers one was in the Twelfth, and two in 
 the same company of the Twenty-ninth. Two Simpsons, 
 father and son, served in different regiments. Two Stevens 
 brothers served in Company F of the Thirtieth Infantry. 
 
Of two Warren brothers one was in the First Infantry and 
 the other in the First Battery. Of six Webb brothers two 
 were in the Tenth, one in the Twenty-ninth, one in both 
 the Tenth and the Thirtieth, and two in the Thirtieth alone. 
 Two Weymouth brothers were in the same company of the 
 Tenth, and two Winn brothers served in different regiments. 
 
 INCIDENTS OF RECRUITING DAYS 
 
 Company E of the Twelfth Maine Infantry Regiment 
 was recruited and organized in Bridgton, though a few of 
 the men came from other towns. The company was first 
 drilled in the Town House, but as soon as it had acquired 
 any proficiency in the school of the soldier it took to drilling 
 on the lot in front of that edifice, on the large lot directly 
 across the street, which is locally known as the "Baptist 
 meeting-house lot," and in the village square where, with 
 fine propriety, the Soldiers' Monument has been erected. 
 The captain of Company E was the late Enoch Knight, who 
 was afterward a municipal judge in Portland, but who was 
 at that time, 1861, editor of the Bridgton Reporter. 
 
 The Reporter was started on the 2d of November, in 
 the year 1858, by Samuel S. Noyes, of Nashua, New Hamp- 
 shire, and was first edited by Charles Lamson, a native son 
 of Bridgton. The next year it passed into the hands of 
 Enoch Knight, who came from Lovell to take charge of it. 
 When Captain Knight went to the war he was succeeded in 
 the editorial chair by George Warren, of Gorham. In May, 
 1862, the paper was purchased by Captain Horace C. Little, 
 of Au])urn, who re-engaged Mr. Lamson as editor, but he, 
 later in the year, was succeeded by Miss Lizzie Flye, of 
 Denmark. In the fall of 1863 Augustus Phelps, of Bridg- 
 ton, bought out Captain Little, changed the name of the 
 paper to The Sentinel, made it Republican in politics, and 
 engaged David Hale as editor. 
 
 Mr. Hale, who was a member of the Twenty-third 
 Maine, had returned from the front along with Captain Lit- 
 
 lO 
 
tie, who also served in that regiment. In 1864 the Sentinel 
 office was destroyed by tire, but the paper was issued as 
 usual the next week with the startling display line on the 
 first page : "Death to Copperheads and Incendiaries." Not 
 long after the episode the Sentinel suspended publication 
 for good and all. 
 
 Many stirring incidents of recruiting days in Bridgton 
 are still remembered by the older residents of that beautiful 
 town. Of these the scenes when stout old Colonel John 
 Webb from time to time took his six sons, one after the 
 other, in his wagon and drove through the village streets 
 down to Portland to see them enlist, are among those never 
 to be forgotten. Whenever he returned from one of these 
 trips and was asked if he did not hate to see the boys go, 
 the old Colonel promptly replied: "No, sir; if I had half 
 a dozen more I should wish them all to go." 
 
 This spirit was shared by the great majority of the 
 Bridgton folk who saw their loved ones go out from their 
 homes to face possible death in defense of our country in 
 her hour of danger, and most of the brave soldier boys took 
 leave of their friends and families with smiles on their faces 
 and words of hope and cheer upon their lips. The women 
 were not one whit behind them in bravery, and when their 
 fathers, and brothers, and husbands, and sons, and sweet- 
 hearts had gone from them, it might be forever, they cour- 
 ageously took up their several burdens of heartache and 
 anxiety, and devoted their leisure time to helping along, in 
 every possible way, the glorious work of the Sanitary and 
 Christian Commissions. The girl or woman who had no 
 one of her own at the front was eajjer to work for the dear 
 ones of her neighbors, and selfish idleness was unknown in 
 the Bridgton homes of that troublous time. 
 
 The little boys who were too young to march south- 
 ward along with their elders played at soldiering in the quiet 
 streets, and lived in hopes that the war would continue long 
 enough so that they might share the glory to be won on 
 fields of battle, such as they heard read of in the newspapers 
 
 II 
 
which were scanned with such eagerness every day, and 
 with such dreadful apprehensions after every encounter 
 between the opposing armies. 
 
 THE INCEPTION OF THE SOLDIERS' MONUMENT 
 
 Ever since the close of the war there had been a deeply 
 cherished desire, on the part of the always loyal people of 
 Bridgton, that a fitting memorial should be erected in rec- 
 ognition of the patriotism of those brave men who rallied to 
 the flag when danger menaced the country of which it is the 
 emblem — men who ungrudgingly gave of their services, 
 and many of whom lay down their lives, in order that the 
 Union might not die. With profound gratification, there- 
 fore, Bridgton learned that one of her sons, former Governor 
 Henry Bradstreet Cleaves, had determined to make this 
 desire of his old townsmen a concrete reality. 
 
 HOW THE PLAN ORIGINATED 
 
 A quarter of a century ago the Cleaves brothers, Nathan 
 and Henry, formed the determination to some day present a 
 Soldiers' Monument to their native town. They repeatedly 
 talked over the project together, but settled upon no 
 definite plan of action. Twenty years ago Judge Nathan 
 Cleaves died, and with his death the subject of memorial 
 was dropped for a time. The cherished purpose was, how- 
 ever, by no means abandoned, and busy as Governor 
 Cleaves's life has been he has never lost sight of the plan 
 that he and his brother made together, in past days, nor did 
 he ever falter in his decision that the wish so dear to his 
 brother's heart should be carried out, — and now, after these 
 long years, this monument stands as a tribute from the 
 brothers to the living soldiers of Bridgton and to the mem- 
 ory of the men whose deeds'and sacrifices it commemorates. 
 
 Governor Cleaves notified the town authorities of his 
 intention, and informed them that the Hallowell Granite 
 Works had been commissioned to employ its most skillful 
 
 12 
 
artisans in fashioning the noble shaft of Maine granite of 
 which the community is now so justly proud. 
 
 It was necessary, of course, that a suitable site should 
 be prepared upon which to erect such a monument, and 
 after full discussion, and careful consideration of several 
 localities which were proposed, it was finally decided with 
 great unanimity by the town that the little square at the 
 head of Main Street (where the newly enlisted men were 
 drilled in 1861) would be the most appropriate place. The 
 matter of arranging for the dedication of the monument was 
 entrusted to a committee of citizens, and for this purpose 
 the following gentlemen were selected : Honorable A. H. 
 Walker, Honorable Luther F. McKinney, D. Eugene Chap- 
 lin, Honorable J. C. Mead and Cyril P. Spurr. Added to 
 this committee was a special committee from Farragut Post, 
 consisting of Doctor J. Louville Bennett, David C. Saun- 
 ders, William H. Foster, Charles O. Stickney and Honor- 
 able L. A. Poor. 
 
 THE MORNING OF DEDICATION DAY 
 
 The monument was set in place early in the month of 
 July, 1910, and was dedicated on Thursday, the twenty-first. 
 Early in the morning of that day Governor Cleaves and his 
 invited guests arrived from Portland in motor cars, this 
 special party consisting of the Governor himself. General 
 Thomas H. Hubbard, of New York City, Major General 
 Charles B. Hall, U. S. A., retired, Judge Clarence Hale, 
 of the United States District Court, and Hon. F. E. Rich- 
 ards, of Portland. Generals Hubbard and Hall were old 
 companions in arms of Governor Cleaves, the three having 
 served together in the Thirtieth Maine Volunteer Infantry 
 during the Civil War. It is an interesting fact that more 
 than thirty Bridgton soldiers served in General Hubbard's 
 command, and these men received their old colonel with 
 unbounded enthusiasm, their hearts stirred anew with mem- 
 ories of camp and field, and the far-off days when they 
 
 13 
 
braved death in Louisiana and Virginia under his gallant 
 leadership. 
 
 The morning train out of Portland on this July day 
 was an unusually heavy one, the passengers being princi- 
 pally those who were on their way to see, or participate in, 
 the ceremonies attending the unveiling of the monument. 
 One car was filled by a delegation, seventy-two strong, from 
 Bosworth Post, G. A. R., headed by Commander James H. 
 Taylor, and another contained the Cleaves Rifles, a company 
 of sixty men, of the National Guard, the crack Westbrook 
 company which was organized when Governor Cleaves was 
 the chief executive of the State, and which was named in 
 his honor. 
 
 Other cars held sons and daughters of Bridgton, who 
 took this occasion to revisit the town of their birth, together 
 with many other men and women who were patriotically 
 eager to witness the interesting ceremonies which were to 
 take place in the well-known town. On its arrival the train 
 was welcomed by the comrades of Farragut Post, No. 27, 
 G. A. R., under the leadership of Past Commander David 
 C. Saunders and Commander Granville M. Burnell, accom- 
 panied by the Bridgton Band, Frank I. Cash, leader. The 
 comrades of Farragut Post acted as escort for the comrades 
 of Bosworth Post, both Posts being escorted by the Cleaves 
 Rifles. Just as it was about to start, the procession was 
 joined by Mayor Charles A. Strout, of Portland, and Mayor 
 Harry F. G. Hay, of Westbrook, who came to Bridgton 
 for the purpose of participating in the exercises of the day. 
 The visiting Posts and troops were served with dinner by 
 the Women's Relief Corps, G. A. R., at Red Men's Hall. 
 The day was cloudless and beautiful, and everything seemed 
 to unite to make the occasion the success that it so well 
 deserved to be. 
 
 THE AFTERNOON EXERCISES 
 
 The exercises of the afternoon were held in the village 
 square, at the intersection of High and Main Streets, one 
 
 14 
 
of the most beautiful spots in the village — the place selected 
 as the site of the monument ; and the wide porch of the 
 Bridgton House was utilized as a platform for the speakers. 
 The Grand Army Posts and the Cleaves Rifles were drawn 
 up in front of the hotel in a hollow square, presenting an 
 impressive appearance. The Secretary of the Reception 
 Committee, D. Eugene Chaplin, had prepared a souvenir 
 program of the exercises in the form of a folder, on one 
 cover of which were a picture of the monument and portraits 
 of Nathan and Henry B. Cleaves, the other cover bearing 
 the national flag in colors and the names of the committee 
 entrusted with the charge of the ceremony of dedication. 
 The following is a program of the exercises : 
 
 Music Band 
 
 Prayer Rev. Stephen T. Livingston 
 
 Pastor of the First Congregational Church 
 
 Music Male Quartette 
 
 Introduction D. Eugene Chaplin 
 
 Presentation of Monument to the Town of Bridgton, 
 
 Ex-Governor Henr>' B. Cleaves 
 
 Acceptance for, and in Behalf of, the Town, Hon. Luther F. McKinney 
 
 Music . . , Male Quartette 
 
 Oration General Thomas H. Hubbard 
 
 Music Band 
 
 Dr. Livingston's invocation was as follows : 
 
 Almighty God, ruler of all things, who art invisible yet everywhere 
 present, we humbly acknowledge Thy majesty, and lift our hearts in 
 profound gratitude for Thy love and mercy. Manifest Thy favor unto us, 
 we beseech Thee, and make us conscious that in assembling here we are 
 meeting with Thee. We rejoice in the privilege Thou hast granted us 
 of living in this great land of hope. We thank Thee for the early chap- 
 ters of its history, when strong men and noble-hearted women, prompted 
 by devotion to freedom and righteousness, crossed a wide ocean and 
 settled in the wilderness of a new continent. Under Thy protection they 
 laid the foundations of this republic, and gave as a heritage to succeed- 
 ing generations the larger purposes of life by which alone a nation can 
 endure and perform its service in the advancement of the human race. 
 More especially at this time our thoughts are turned to the period of civil 
 Strife, when the forces of death wrought unspeakable desolation and the 
 
 15 
 
destiny of the Union trembled in the balance. It is our privilege to ded- 
 icate today a memorial in recognition of those who went forth from this 
 place and offered their blood that the nation might live. Guide us, oh 
 Lord God of our fathers, as we perform the appointed ceremony; and 
 may the light of divine approval rest on Thy servant, who, in loving 
 association with his brother, of revered memory, presents to the town of 
 their youth this beautiful and enduring monument in honor of the living 
 and in commemoration of the sacred dead, who made possible "one 
 country, one destiny, one flag," for the people of Thy choice. We com- 
 mend unto Thee also Thy servant who has come to deliver the message 
 of high patriotism inspired by this occasion, and all who have part in 
 these exercises. Grant Thy divine comradeship to the gray veterans of 
 the Grand Army of the Repul^lic, occupying their well-deserved place of 
 honor among us. Speak Thy word of command to the various compa- 
 nies, carrying arms and banners, who represent a younger generation, 
 and to all other organizations present. Bless the multitude here gath- 
 ered; and in days to come, when we are gone, be Thou the Ciod and 
 Father to our children and our children's children. When the question 
 is asked, "What doth this stone mean, and wherefore these'inscriptions?" 
 may the answer be returned with the same zest as today: "This is a 
 perpetual witness of human gratitude^for the supreme sacrifice that was 
 made, willingly and gladly, to save the nation in its day of peril." So 
 may the best traditions of our land be handed down with ever increasing 
 power as time advances. Oh God of battles, continue Thou to rule, and 
 help us to remember that even when the scourge of war is over there are 
 foes to meet and victories to be won. In the great conflict between the 
 forces of evil and the forces of good, may the Lord of hosts be with us, 
 may our trumpets give forth no uncertain sound, and may our sacred 
 banners be always lifted. May it never be forgotten that righteousness 
 exalteth a nation but sin is a reproach to any people. May wisdom from 
 on high direct the President of our land, and the Governor of this State, 
 and all who are entrusted with authority. Grant us true and fearless 
 leaders, and keep us a united country. The Lord bless us, and keep us: 
 the Lord make His face to shine upon us, and be gracious unto us: the 
 Lord lift up His countenance upon us, and give us peace. In the name 
 of the Prince of Peace. Amen. 
 
 The chairman, D. Eugene Chaplin, Esq., after a musical 
 selection, introduced the Gov^ernor, speaking as follows : 
 
 Fellow Citizens: 
 
 Your attendance here today, so general and in such numbers, both 
 of the older generations and of the younger, indicates beyond peradven- 
 ture that your hearts and minds, at this time, are freighted with that 
 patriotic love and those sentiments which it is the object of these exer- 
 cises to strengthen and to perpetuate in the hearts and minds of those 
 who may come after us. 
 • 
 
 i6 
 
SOLDIERS' MONUMENT. BRIDGTON. MAINE 
 DEDICATED JULY 21, 1910 
 
That love of country, bravery and sterling manhood displayed by 
 those who, at the time of our nation's peril, at the call to arms, took 
 their lives in their hands and went forth to secure, by the shedding of 
 their blood when necessary, the privileges that we today enjoy, should 
 never be forgotten, but should ever be remembered with increasing grat- 
 itude as the years go by; and therefore it is but meet and proper that we 
 of the present age of rush and strenuity should for a few brief moments 
 turn from our usual vocations and entering the antechamber of time, and 
 therein, by such exercises as these, forge a link in the chain of memory 
 that shall the more securely bind the future to the past — that all-impor- 
 tant past to us — but of which it is not for me at this time to speak to you. 
 
 But it is for me at this time to rejoice with you, my fellow townsmen, 
 that the many sons of this old town who at that time obeyed their coun- 
 try's call were possessed of the virtues which I have mentioned, and that 
 such fact is to be evidenced to future generations by the beautiful shaft 
 now erected to their memory, and so soon to be entrusted to our keep- 
 ing to pass on for such sacred purpose; and while it shall stand to the 
 common memory of all, may it also ever be appreciated as faithfully 
 typifying the noble characters and lives of its donors, characters as solid 
 and fine-grained as the granite, Maine granite, from which it is cut; with 
 the love of country and their fellow-men as deeply imbedded therein as 
 is its foundation in the sub-soil of their native town; lives adorned with 
 kind and generous acts, beautiful as the scroll-work upon its die and 
 capital, and supporting over all as true a type of brave and perfect man- 
 hood as the imperishable bronze which stands upon its top. 
 
 As such, the one, the elder brother, lives in our memory today. 
 As such, the other, by the blessing of God, has been spared to us and is 
 now with us, and it is with much pleasure that I now present, as I need 
 not introduce, him to you, our own son and benefactor, Ex-Governor 
 Henry B. Cleaves. 
 
 Although Ex-Governor Cleaves came promptly to the 
 front of the platform at the conclusion of Mr. Chaplin's 
 able and appropriate remarks, it was many minutes before 
 he was allowed to proceed with his speech of presentation, 
 so enthusiastic was the welcome accorded him. When at 
 last the audience became silent he bestowed his gift upon 
 his native town. 
 
 ADDRESS OF PRESENTATION BY GOVERNOR CLEAVES 
 
 Mr. Chairmati, Soldiers and Citizens, Ladies and Gentlemen : 
 
 Nearly fifty years have elapsed since the great Civil War burst upon 
 our country, in 1861. Political parties existed then, as they exist now, 
 but when the first shot was fired upon Sumter party lines were obliter- 
 
 17 
 
ated, all partisanship was banished and there reigned in its stead a united 
 spirit of patriotism and loyalty to country, and a firm determination to 
 resist the assault upon the nation's flag. 
 
 When Abraham Lincoln issued his proclamation for seventy-five 
 thousand troops, more than three hundred thousand volunteers answered 
 the call; and there gathered the hope of the nation, ready for any emer- 
 gency, prepared for any sacrifice. With what alacrity the brave men 
 responded to the President's calls; they came in no hesitating or halting 
 manner, but promptly, from a sense of duty, actuated by noble impulses 
 and love of country. They came from almost every household in the 
 North, and nearly every calling was represented in that patriotic band. 
 They were guided by one purpose; they moved forward with the deter- 
 mination in their hearts that this nation should never die, but that it 
 should live; that the Union should be preserved; and their service was 
 rendered for home, for country and for human liberty. 
 
 It was a long and frightful struggle, but for a noble cause. It was 
 waged on land and sea for the preservation of the constitution and the 
 union of the States; the constitution under which our fathers lived; the 
 constitution and the union for which the soldiers of Bridgton fought, and 
 for which many of her sons died; a constitution that rightfully commands 
 the allegiance of every State and of every citizen; and may no partisan, 
 wild or visionary policies ever find lodgment in that great instrument, 
 saved by four years of strife and sacrifice. 
 
 The soldiers of Bridgton bore an honorable part in that great con- 
 test. They were a part of that grand army of more than twenty-seven 
 hundred thousand men who abandoned the pursuits of a peaceful life, 
 who left home, family, kindred and friends, to uphold the honor and 
 integrity of the nation amid the smoke and carnage of war. 
 
 There are before me men who belonged to that great army, which 
 for four long, weary years kept step to the patriotic music of the Union 
 and bore the flag of our country on many contested fields. They waged 
 war, not for the acquisition of new territor>', not for self-aggrandizement, 
 nor to gratify personal ambitions, but for the preservation of the Ameri- 
 can Republic. They strove that the nation might live; and when the 
 roar of artillery had ceased, when the last hostile shot had been fired, 
 and they came up from the field of Appomatox, bearing their tattered 
 and war-worn flags, to pass in review at the capital of the nation they 
 had saved, they gave to us a stronger and more enduring republic 
 than had ever before been known; a republic saved by the power, the 
 fortitude, the endurance and bravery of the American soldier and the 
 American sailor. 
 
 And after the lapse of so many years, let me recall the devotion of 
 the resolute women of this land, who were constant in their allegiance, 
 who never wavered in their loyalty to the great cause. They gave it 
 force and strength; and, comrades, of little avail would have been the 
 efforts of that historic army, but for the support and courage of the loyal 
 ones at home, whose hopes and prayers were with the soldiers of the 
 Union on every battlefield of the war. 
 
 i8 
 
Many comrades there were who fell by the way; many there were 
 who did not live to see triumph the cause for which they fought; but the 
 service they rendered, the patriotism they exhibited, the sacrifices they 
 made and the sufferings they endured, will always live and be cherished 
 by the liberty-loving people of every enlightened government of the globe. 
 
 The town of Bridgton was steadfast and unyielding in her support of 
 the cause of the Union. She was intensely patriotic, and to every call 
 upon her for more troops she promptly and proudly responded. With 
 her soldiers she has always kept the faith. She not only gave encour- 
 agement to those who were engaged in the conflict, but their families at 
 home had her protecting care. And during more than a hundred years 
 of corporate life, the history of the town of Bridgton has been one of 
 honor and of fidelity to the cause of good government; and it may well 
 be said, her people yield to no community in their advocacy of every 
 good and worthy cause. 
 
 Let us, on this occasion, pledge anew our devotion to the nation 
 and its flag. Let us maintain the dignity, the honor and integrity of the 
 State, and all of her just powers and rights, for here is the home of an 
 advanced civilization and of good and intelligent citizenship. Let us be 
 loyal to all of our institutions and to our respective communities, that 
 they may prosper, advance and grow stronger; and placing principle 
 and patriotism above partizanship, we shall be true to ourselves. 
 
 It is appropriate that there should stand in this progressive commu- 
 nity some testimonial to the valor and heroism of Bridgton' s sons, who, 
 in the dark and gloomy hours of the nation's life, represented the 
 advanced thought, the sturdy principles and the devoted and unselfish 
 spirit of the women and men who then constituted this municipality. 
 
 Recognizing this sentiment, this monument of granite and bronze, 
 erected in honor of your living soldiers and in memory of your dead, is 
 presented to the town of Bridgton. It belongs to her people. On this 
 appropriate spot, so wisely and unanimously selected by her citizens, 
 may it stand for all time, teaching its lessons of loyalty, of patriotism, of 
 love of country, and of duty nobly and fearlessly performed. 
 
 Mr. Chairman, gentlemen of the Board of Selectmen, and citizens of 
 the town of Bridgton, I commit it to your custody and to your care. 
 
 Amid prolonged and enthusiastic applause Governor 
 Cleaves resumed his seat, and then followed the 
 
 UNVEILING OF THE MONUMENT 
 
 The unveiling of the beautiful work of art, which was 
 the center of every one's thoughts on this occasion, was 
 more symbolic than literal, as it was not fully covered by 
 draperies of any kind, its noble proportions, appropriate 
 design and artistic workmanship having been viewed with 
 
 19 
 
deep appreciation by all present throughout the initial por- 
 tion of the ceremonies. A large flag, closely rolled, was so 
 arranged in the hands of the bronze statue of a soldier that 
 crowns the summit of the monument, that the simple pulling 
 of a cord would suffice to unfurl it and fling it to the breeze. 
 Miss Alice Green, daughter of George S. Green, of the 
 Sixteenth Maine Infantry Regiment, and one of the popular 
 young ladies in the town, had been honored by being 
 selected to perform this patriotic ofiice, and she carried out 
 her part of the program with dignity and grace. 
 
 As the tightly rolled bunting rippled out into a glorious 
 splendor of stars and stripes — the insignia for which so 
 many brave soldiers fought, and suffered, and died — the 
 band on the instant began to play the inspiring strains of 
 our national anthem, the "Star-spangled Banner," and the 
 audience, which numbered over three thousand, broke into 
 prolonged and heartfelt cheers. 
 
 The monument consists of a shaft of the famous Hallo- 
 well granite crowned with the bronze statue of a soldier, 
 and is thirty-six feet in height. The base is eight feet 
 square, and on this base rests a molded plinth which bears 
 the following inscription: "Presented by Nathan and 
 Henry B. Cleaves." The die above this plinth is provided 
 with four raised panels, each suitably inscribed. On the 
 front panel, which faces the east, is the inscription : 
 
 To Bridgton's Sons 
 
 Who Defended the Union 
 
 1861-1865 
 
 On the panel which looks toward the north the follow- 
 ing words appear : 
 
 One Country 
 
 One Destiny 
 
 One Flag 
 
 On the west side is this sentence : 
 
 They Strove That the Nation Might Live ; That Govern- 
 ment OF THE People, by the People, for the People. Should 
 Not Perish 
 
 20 
 
Henry Bradstreet Cleaves, ises 
 
Thomas Hamlin Hubbard, ises 
 
The southern panel says : 
 In Honor of the Living: In Grateful Memory of the Dead. 
 
 Surmounting this die is a cap, around which runs a 
 wreath of laurel in bold relief of beautiful design and finish. 
 On the front of the shaft is a sculptured trophy, executed 
 in alto relievo, suggesting the successful termination of the 
 struggle which cost so many lives. This is typified by 
 thirteen stars displayed above a gracefully draped stand of 
 colors, at the foot of which is a pyramid of cannon balls. 
 The capital of the shaft is richly carved, the faces each 
 bearing a representation of an American eagle with out- 
 stretched wings. This fine piece of sculptured stone con- 
 stitutes a pedestal, upon the summit of which stands an 
 heroic sized bronze figure of a soldier, in the act of drawing 
 his sword in defense of the flag which he bears aloft. This 
 figure is fifteen feet and six inches high from the capital to 
 the top of the flagstaff, and is singularly lifelike in attitude, 
 while the general effect upon the observer is impressive in 
 the extreme. 
 
 This splendid monument is designed to stand forever 
 as an architectural ornament to the civic section of Bridgton 
 and a perpetual inspiration to patriotic thought and deed, 
 and it cannot fail to be a source of unalloyed pride to the 
 people to whom it has been presented. Bridgton waited 
 long for a soldiers' monument, but the one which has been 
 bestowed upon her was well worth the waiting. 
 
 THE ADDRESS OF ACCEPTANCE 
 
 The address of acceptance, in behalf of the town of 
 Bridgton, was made by the Honorable Luther F. McKin- 
 ney, a veteran soldier who served for two years in the First 
 Ohio Cavalry, who was afterward a member of Congress 
 from the First District of New Hampshire, and who 
 represented this government in the capacity of minister 
 plenipotentiary to the Republic of Colombia during the 
 administration of President Cleveland. Mr. McKinney, 
 
 21 
 
whose speech was frequently interrupted by applause from 
 his delighted audience, spoke as follows : 
 
 Mr. Chairman aiid Citizens of the Town of BHdgton : 
 
 I deem it a great honor that the citizens have conferred upon me in 
 asking me to accept, on their behalf, this beautiful and imposing monu- 
 ment. We are making history here today; for thousands of years the 
 world has been making history; the events that have taken place are but 
 a chapter in that history. The libraries of the world are full of the his- 
 tories of nations, giving an account of their struggles for supremacy, of 
 their efforts to better their conditions, of their advancement in civiliza- 
 tion and of the downfall of nations once supreme. 
 
 It seems strange to us as we read these histories that the advance- 
 ment of civilization has always been accompanied by war. No great 
 success has ever come to nations, either in their efforts for justice, or to 
 maintain the freedom which God has conferred upon them in their crea- 
 tion, or for the development of a better civilization, unless those nations 
 have accomplished their purpose through war. If we go back to our 
 earliest histories we find that the people of Israel only maintained their 
 supremacy, under the many kings who ruled over them, by constant 
 warfare with other peoples, and only lost their supremacy when they 
 forgot the precepts given them by their fathers. 
 
 Rome came to her supremacy by war, and was enabled to write laws 
 for the world by the power of the sword. England, Germany, France, 
 and all the great nations, have been enabled to write their names as great 
 powers for civilization only through war. Japan, the wonder of the civi- 
 lized world today, has only attained to be considered one of the great 
 powers among the nations through the forces of her armies. Our own 
 bright land, which, thank God, is at peace with all the world today, only 
 laid the foundation of her liberties by the sword, and has since maintained 
 her supremacy by the patriotism of her citizens on the field of battle. 
 
 Though each war that we have been called upon to prosecute since 
 the Revolution has been as a dark cloud hiding from our view, for a 
 time, the peaceful light that has fallen upon the pathway of our pro.s- 
 perity, yet, when the cloud has passed away, the light of progress has 
 shone more brightly upon us as a people. The history of all these events 
 has been written, but, too often, by pens that have been prejudiced. 
 But the histories that endure, and that speak without prejudice, are writ- 
 ten in granite and marble and bronze. Travel the world over and you 
 will find in every land monuments reared in honor of the great men of 
 the nations in both military and civil life. 
 
 One may go to our National Capital, and, without visiting the libra- 
 ries, read the history of the struggles of our people for universal liberty. 
 The heroic figure of George Washington, in marble, near the Capitol, 
 and the towering monument by the Potomac have to generations past, 
 and will to all the generations to come, speak of the struggles of our 
 fathers for liberty and justice. 
 
 22 
 
The statue of John Marshall, at the base of Capitol Hill, speaks of 
 the great mind that placed upon the constitution an interpretation that 
 no legal lights have ever attempted to overthrow. The heroic statue of 
 General Jackson speaks of the War of 1812 and the battle fought behind 
 the cotton bales at New Orleans, which drove the enemy from our land 
 and showed to the world the power of a free people. 
 
 The statues of Scott and Taylor remind us of the Mexican War, with 
 its territorial results and the renewed evidence of American patriotism. 
 The statues of Grant, and Thomas, and Logan, and McPherson, and 
 Garfield, and many others of our great generals, bring afresh to our 
 minds the great struggle of '6i-'65, when human freedom, enunciated in 
 the Declaration of Independence by our fathers, but which they failed to 
 establish, became a fact; and the stain that had so long rested upon our 
 fair land and liberty-loving people was wiped out forever. 
 
 Not only in the North, but in the South as well, monuments have 
 been placed to the memory of those who fought against us to maintain 
 their constitutional rights, and because of their patriotism for their State 
 and their institutions, and thus helped to emphasize the history of that 
 great contest. 
 
 These histories, thus written, are enduring and keep in the'minds of 
 the people, as no written page can, the mighty struggles through which 
 our fathers and brothers passed in order to establish and maintain our 
 institutions, and will help them to shun such evils in the future; and 
 generations yet unborn will learn lessons of value from them. In almost 
 every city and town in our own land stand these silent witnesses to the 
 patriotism of the American citizen. 
 
 During the Civil War 2,235 battles, great and small, were fought; 
 and there were killed in battle, or died from wounds, 245,000 men, a 
 terrible fulfillment of the prophecy: "The sins of the fathers shall be 
 visited upon the children to the third and fourth generations." How 
 many homes were made desolate! How many wives and mothers were 
 made to mourn! How many children ask in vain for the fathers they 
 could but just remember! And yet, sad to say, no monuments are being 
 reared to the memory of the thousands of noble women who struggled 
 and prayed at home, or went with the army, cooling the fevered brow of 
 the sick and wounded soldiers, ministering to them as angels of mercy, 
 and by their loyalty and devotion helping to win the victor\' for right and 
 justice. God bless the memory of their noble sacrifices, and may a 
 grateful people do them justice. 
 
 This was the darkest cloud that ever dimmed the light of our 
 national glory, and yet it had its silver lining. Out from beneath that 
 cloud has come a nation of united people. The men of the North and 
 the men of the South have stood shoulder to shoulder on more recent 
 fields, fighting for the freedom of the oppressed, and died cheering the 
 flag so dear to every American heart, thus proclaiming to the^ world that 
 we have one country, one flag, one destiny. 
 
 Slavery is no longer a part of our institutions. Millions have been 
 awakened to the glory of freedom and become useful citizens of a free 
 
 23 
 
country. A new impetus has been given to our people, a new inspiration 
 to press on to greater victories. The people of the South, who were 
 slow to understand the opportunities that God had given them, were 
 imbued with a new energy. The coal and iron mines that nature had 
 placed beneath their feet, and that had so long lain dormant, have been 
 opened up, and the blast furnace sheds its light upon the midnight sky; 
 the cotton mill has sprung into being, and the noise of the loom is heard 
 where before was heard the cry of the oppressed; from the earth's hid- 
 den resources has come immense wealth to give employment and plenty 
 to the multitudes. No people has ever been inspired with such energy* 
 no people has ever attained such prosperity, as has come to us since the 
 close of that conflict. 
 
 Members of the Grand Army of the Republic: 
 
 Every ton of coal and ore that has been dug from Southern soil was 
 dug by you and your comrades on the field of battle; every ton of iron 
 and steel that has gone forth from the South to enrich the world was 
 made possible by your patriotism in the hour of our country's need. I 
 am glad that so many of you are spared to be here today to iparticipate 
 in writing in imperishable granile another page in the history of that con- 
 flict. Your country gratefully remembers your services, and your com- 
 rade here gives expression to your country's sentiments. Some say that 
 we should forget. No ! we should never forget; we should never forget 
 the day of our chastisement and sorrow. To remember makes more 
 sweet the day of our reward. No individual or nation should ever forget 
 the hour of punishment for their sins; to remember makes us more care- 
 ful of the future. We should lay aside rancor and ill-will toward our 
 opponents; they were our brothers, and we all suffered together for the 
 sins of our fathers. Life is a warfare, and God grant that the American 
 people may be as patriotic in fighting the more important battles of peace 
 as they have been in fighting the battles on the field of conquest. 
 
 Addressing Governor Cleaves, he said : 
 
 And now, sir, it gives me great pleasure, on behalf of the citizens of 
 your native town, to accept this monument from you, and not only from 
 you but from your brother as well, who was beloved by all who knew 
 him, and especially by the citizens of his native town. We rejoice that 
 you have been able to consummate the purpose cherished by you both. 
 We regret that his life was not spared to participate in these services, but 
 our faith teaches us that he is with us in spirit and rejoices in all that is 
 being done. Though he has passed from our mortal sight, he yet speaks 
 to us. You honor yourself, sir, and we honor you, for placing his name 
 beside your own. 
 
 We accept this beautiful monument as a token of your patriotism for 
 our beloved country. We accept it as a token of your love for your 
 native town. We accept it as an expression of your remembrance of 
 those who went forth with you, from this town, to defend the Union and 
 the flag. We accept it as an expression of your desire to perpetuate in 
 
 24 
 
the minds of the people the mighty struggle through which our nation 
 passed to maintain intact what our fathers bequeathed to us. We accept 
 it in the name of future generations, who, long after we have passed 
 away, will stand here and recount the heroic deeds of their fathers, and 
 pledge anew their allegiance to our institutions. As we accept it we 
 pledge ourselves to protect and care for it, to defend it from the depre- 
 dations of vandals and deliver it to those who come after us in as good 
 condition as we receive it. With grateful hearts, we thank you, sir, for 
 your noble and generous gift. 
 
 Upon the close of Mr. McKirmey's address the quar- 
 tette, consisting of Messrs. William M. Dunn, Charles F. 
 Dunn, Abel C. Hinds and H. Elmer Seavey, rendered, in 
 a most finished and delightful manner, an appropriate and 
 inspiring vocal selection, after which General Thomas Ham- 
 lin Hubbard was introduced by the chairman as the orator 
 of the day. 
 
 General Hubbard was adjutant of the Twenty-tifth 
 Maine Infantry Regiment in 1862, and in the subsequent 
 year, 1863, recruited, with General Francis Fessenden, who 
 lost his leg in the Red River Expedition, the regiment 
 known as the Thirtieth Maine Veteran Volunteers, in which 
 Henry B. Cleaves was first lieutenant. A graduate of Bow- 
 doin College in the class of 1857, General Hubbard's career 
 since has reflected credit upon his college, his classmates 
 and himself, and he has especially endeared himself to 
 his Alma Mater and its graduates by the gift of the superb 
 library building which bears the name of Hubbard Hall. 
 General Hubbard was a brave and fearless soldier and always 
 led his men in every conflict. His presence in Bridgton on 
 the occasion of the presentation of the monument to the 
 town had a peculiar, and even sentimental interest ; many 
 who had formerly belonged to his two commands were 
 among the audience who were to listen to his oration, and 
 it is needless to say that the closest attention was given to 
 every word that fell from his lips. General Hubbard said : 
 
 Mr. Ouiirman, Governor Cleaves, Soldiers of the Civil War and of the 
 War ivith Spain, Ladies and Gentlemen : 
 The first word of greeting is due to you, surviving soldiers of the 
 Civil War. You have the fortune, given to few of the living, to look 
 
 25 
 
upon a monument built to commemorate yourselves and to hear words 
 spoken in appreciation of your own past, already becoming historic. 
 
 Time does not delay its processes even for Union soldiers of the 
 Civil War. It has put the livery and the mask of age upon all of us. 
 Yet those who campaigned with you still see in you the young men who 
 marched and fought through the early sixties; who laughed at privation 
 and danger; who conquered fatigue and who, with courage undisturbed, 
 endured alike reverses and successes. 
 
 Whatever may have been your later lot you can have done no better 
 work than in the years from 1861 to 1865. That work will not end with 
 your lives. It will go on so long as free institutions last and so long as 
 endures the republic that you helped to maintain. In all the world-wide 
 operations of our nation you will have a share. Without you and the 
 armies of which you were a part, that nation would have ceased to be. 
 Though the course of our republic is sometimes eccentric and though it 
 seems at times to mark and to follow new orbits, yet we may confidently 
 believe that its full career will repay the sacrifices that have been made 
 to form it and maintain it. 
 
 To the soldiers of the Cleaves Rifles and of the War with Spain is 
 due a word of greeting and of thanks. 
 
 In the long years of peace that followed the Civil War some said 
 that patriotism was dead and that selfishness had usurped its place. The 
 doubting and faint-hearted see best what is assertively displayed. 
 The courage and self-devotion that always live in the hearts of the best 
 citizens are less observed in civil than in military life. You have shown 
 that now, as in 1776 and 1861, there are brave-hearted men, ready at a 
 minute's call to hazard everything for their country's cause. You have 
 shown that in time of peace, no less than in time of war, the same cour- 
 age and loyalty e.xist that in the earlier years founded our government 
 and preserved it. 
 
 The name chosen for your organization is a symbol and an assurance 
 of soldierly excellence and of civic distinction. You have associated that 
 name and have identified your own record with a war that the severest 
 moralist may sanction. It was a war to restrict the forces of oppression 
 and to extend the boundaries of individual freedom. To those who 
 volunteer for such a war, no less than to those who decry all wars that 
 spring from selfish causes, the thanks of the nation are due. 
 
 To all this patriotic audience and to all thoughtful Americans this 
 occasion and its purpose should be of enduring interest. 
 
 We meet near half a century after the Civil War has ended to dedi- 
 cate a monument in commemoration of those Bridgton men who served 
 as soldiers in the war to maintain the Union in its time of peril. 
 
 The monument will stand as long as granite lasts and will be studied 
 by men, women and children as long as this town is inhabited. Its site, 
 the time of its erection, the personality of its givers are significant. If its 
 purpose were only to pay tribute to personal worth and to record with 
 sorrow dates of death, its proper place would be the cemetery. If such 
 
 26 
 
were its only purpose its erection fifty years after the events it recalls 
 would seem tardy. 
 
 But it bears a message to posterity, and posterity for the soldiers of 
 the Civil War is just beginning. Its message is not of sorrow but of pat- 
 riotic precept. Its site is the public ground, where not mourners but all 
 citizens will visit it. Its givers are jurists and a .soldier of the Civil War 
 whose lives exemplified the lessons it imparts. 
 
 A tribute to soldiers means respect for courage, endurance, hardships 
 borne with fortitude, devotion of life to a cause deemed just. These are 
 the attributes common to all volunteer soldiers. They should be com- 
 mon to all good citizens, whether soldiers or civilians. They were pos- 
 sessed by the soldiers of the Confederate, no less than by soldiers of the 
 Union, armies. 
 
 But monuments are not built to record common qualities, save as 
 they are built by mourners and partial friends. 
 
 A tribute to soldiers of the Union armies is indeed a mark of respect 
 for the virtues common to brave soldiers and good citizens; but, beyond 
 this, it is the recognition by the nation of a service rendered by no other 
 than soldiers of the Union. The tributes men pay to admirable qualities 
 should be measured by the merit of the cause in which those qualities 
 are used. A policeman, at the risk of his life, stops a runaway horse to 
 save the lives of children in its path or drawn by it. Another, at the 
 same risk, stops a runaway whose path is clear and carriage empty. A 
 swimmer risks his life to save a drowning man. Another risks his life to 
 win a cup or a purse of dollars. To succor a family besieged, a plains- 
 man rides through lines of Indian scouts where capture means death by 
 torture. A plains bandit — a road agent — fights against hopeless odds 
 and bravely meets certain death in resisting the law. Should monuments 
 be raised or honors awarded alike to all these men, equally brave? 
 
 In the Civil War, through the years iS6i to 1865, millions of men 
 were under arms, fighting and killing and dying. Hundreds of thousands 
 gave up their lives. One army fought to maintain the government of 
 the United States. The other army fought to destroy it, but to preserve 
 institutions of its separate States. Does any credit or discredit attach to 
 the cause for which each army fought ? Are both to be honored alike if 
 they were alike brave and devoted and sincere in belief that their cause 
 was just? 
 
 The government whose life was in issue was not the growth of a 
 day. Many see in its progress the manifest will of God. Its beginnings 
 were with men of different races and creeds. All the antagonism 
 involved in varied nationality and opposed religious doctrines seemed 
 enlisted to keep the colonies asunder. 
 
 English Cavaliers were prominent in the settlement of Virginia; 
 English Puritans in Massachusetts; English Roman Catholics in Mary- 
 land; English Friends, or Quakers, in Pennsylvania. New Hampshire 
 was first occupied by seceders from the neighboring colonies. The set- 
 tlement of Rhode Island and Connecticut was due to doctrinal differ- 
 ences among the colonists of Massachu.setts. New Vork was first settled 
 
 27 
 
by the Dutch. New Jersey had Swedes for colonists. Delaware had 
 Swedes and Finns. The Carolinas and Georgia were settled under 
 grants to English nobles and with a considerable population from France 
 and Germany. 
 
 The conflicts due to such differences of race, religion and education 
 and to undetermined borders and overlapping land grants were many 
 and protracted. Opposed to these dispersing forces were the need of 
 combined resistance to Indian attacks; the need of union for self-protec- 
 tion in the French and Indian Wars; the need of union to maintain what 
 was deemed to be colonial right against encroachments of the home 
 nation and to preserve that independence for which the colonists had 
 crossed the ocean. 
 
 Though the forces for alliance between the colonies proved stronger 
 than the forces for separation, more than a century passed before alliance 
 began to prevail. It was in 1607 when Jamestown and 1620 when Plym- 
 outh was begun. It was in 1752 when Benjamin Franklin first advocated 
 in print a union of the colonies It was 1754 when commissioners from 
 .several of the colonies, including Virginia and all colonies north of it, 
 met at Albany to consider the suggestion of Doctor Franklin and others. 
 And then the welding of the colonies into a nation went on through thirty 
 years of varying struggles, disappointments, failure and success. 
 
 This occasion permits only a reference to the dates of incidents that 
 mark critical points in those struggles; but the mere dates will recall to 
 students of history the vast labors and the illuminated minds that wrought 
 the Union of our States. Each incident is subject for a separate history. 
 Each deserves the study of every thoughtful citizen. 
 
 It was 1773 and 1774 when Franklin suggested and Virginia urged a 
 Continental Congress. It was September, 1774, when that Congress first 
 met at Philadelphia. It was July 4, 1776, when the successor of that 
 Congress announced in the Declaration of Independence that "all men 
 are created equal " and that "governments derive their just powers from 
 the consent of the governed." It was in 1777, while the colonial army 
 was, with pain, maintaining that declaration, that the Continental Con- 
 gress adopted the "Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union." It 
 was during the session of this Congress, held under these articles, sitting, 
 as the theater of war changed, now at Philadelphia; now at Baltimore, 
 Lancaster, York, Princeton, Annapolis, Trenton or New York, that the 
 War of the Revolution was fought and, against all human chances, was 
 won by the fragmentary armies of the colonies. It was in September, 
 1786, after the war had ended, that delegates from five of the States, 
 meeting at Annapolis to promote commercial interests, recommended 
 the calling of another convention of the States. It was in June, 1787, 
 that delegates from the States met in convention at Philadelphia, at the 
 call of Virginia, to amend the faulty articles of confederation. It was 
 September 17, 1787, when that convention finished its work and sub- 
 mitted to Congress, for transmission to the several States for their action, 
 the constitution under which our government existed in i860 and under 
 which it still exists. It was April 30, 1789, when George Washington 
 
 28 
 
qualified as first President of the United States under that constitution 
 and our government commenced its career. 
 
 That career was checked in i860 and would] have been then ended 
 but for the soldiers of Bridgton and the volunteer soldiers like them 
 throughout the North. 
 
 In i860 thirty-four States composed the Union. On the 14th of 
 December, i860, Senators and Representatives in Congress from nine 
 of the Southern States sent from Washington City a manifesto to their 
 constituents at home. It runs as follows: "The argument is exhausted. 
 All hope of relief in the Union, through the agency of committees, con- 
 gressional legislation or constitutional amendments, is extinguished and 
 we trust that the South will not be deceived by appearances, or the pre- 
 tense of new guarantees. In our judgment the Republicans are resolute 
 in the purpose to grant nothing that will, or ought to, satisfy the South. 
 We are satisfied the honor, safety and independence of the Southern 
 people require the organization of a Southern Confederacy — a result to 
 be obtained only by separate State secession; — that the primary object 
 of each slave-holding State ought to be its speedy and absolute separa- 
 tion from the union with hostile States." 
 
 Six days later, on the 20th of December, i860, a State Convention of 
 South Carolina passed, at Charleston, by unanimous vote, an ordinance 
 that runs as follows: 
 
 "An ordinance to dissolve the Union between the State of South 
 Carolina and the other States united with her under the compact enti- 
 tled, 'The Constitution of the United States of America.' We, the peo- 
 ple of the State of South Carolina, in convention assembled, do declare 
 and ordain, and it is hereby declared and ordained, that the ordinance 
 adopted by us in convention on the 23d day of May in the year of our 
 Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight, whereby the consti- 
 tution of the United States was ratified, and also all acts and parts of 
 acts of the General Assembly of this State ratifying amendments of 
 the said constitution are hereby repealed and that the Union now sub- 
 sisting between South Carolina and the other States under the name of 
 the United States of America is hereby dissolved." 
 
 The public signing of this ordinance was performed on the same day 
 and the presiding officer of the convention announced: "The ordinance 
 of secession has been signed and ratified and I proclaim the State of 
 South Carolina an Independent Commonwealth." 
 
 Proceedings like those of South Carolina were taken in six other 
 States in quick succession. Mississippi adopted her ordinance of seces- 
 sion January 9, 1861; Florida, January loth; Alabama, January nth; 
 Georgia, January 19th; Louisiana, January 26th; Texas, February ist. 
 Delegates equal in number to their Senators and Representatives in the 
 United States Congress were appointed by the several conventions 
 adopting the ordinances and these delegates, meeting at Montgomery, 
 Alabama, on the 4th of Februarj', 1861, proceeded to organize a South- 
 em Confederacy. A project of government was perfected on February 
 8, 1861, and the name of the Confederate States of America was adopted. 
 
 29 
 
On February 9th Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, was elected Presi- 
 dent and Alexander H. Stephens, of Georgia, Vice President of the new 
 Confederacy. A permanent constitution for the Confederate States was 
 adopted March 11, 1861. Mr. Davis was one of the signers of the.Wash- 
 ington City Manifesto of December 14, i860. When choice could no 
 longer be deferred four other States joined the Confederacy. Arkansas 
 adopted her ordinance of secession May 6, 1861; North Carolina, May 
 20th; Virginia, May 23d; Tennesee, June 8th. Thus eleven of the thirty- 
 four States had declared the Union dissolved. Of the other twenty-three, 
 four were slave-holding and were classed as border States. In those and 
 in many more northerly States a considerable part of the people favored, 
 or did not disapprove, the secession movement. 
 
 The purposes of those who guided this movement have been forcibly 
 stated by themselves. The State of Mississippi spoke through her con- 
 vention in a "Declaration of the immediate causes which induce and 
 iu.stify the secession of the State of Mississippi from the Federal Union." 
 "Our position," so runs the declaration, "is thoroughly identified with 
 the institution of slavery — the greatest material interest in the world. 
 . . . A blow at slavery is a blow at commerce and civilization. That 
 blow has been long aimed at the institution and was at the point of reach- 
 ing its consummation. There was no choice left us but submission to 
 the mandates of abolition or a dissolution of the Union whose principles 
 had been subverted to work out our ruin. We must either submit to 
 degradation and loss of property worth four billions of money, or we 
 must secede from the Union." 
 
 Mr. Alexander H. Stephens, the able and thoughtful Vice President 
 of the Confederacy, in a speech made at Savannah in 1861, said: "The 
 new constitution has put at rest forever all the agitating questions relating 
 to our peculiar institution, African slavery, as it exists amongst us. . . . 
 This was the immediate cause of the late rupture and present revolution. 
 . . . The prevailing ideas entertained by him [Jefferson] and most of 
 the leading statesmen at the time of the formation of the old constitution 
 were that the enslavement of the African was in violation of the laws of 
 nature, that it was wrong in principle, socially, morally and politically. 
 . . . Our new government is founded upon exactly the opposite ideas. 
 Its foundations are laid and its corner stone rests upon the great truth 
 that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery — subordination 
 to the superior race — is his natural and normal condition. Thus our new 
 government is the first in the history of the world based upon this great 
 physical, philosophical and moral truth." 
 
 The issues thus drawn and to which eleven of the States became 
 directly committed could be determined only by the force of arms. On 
 the 15th of April, 1861, the day next following the capture and evacuation 
 of Fort Sumter, President Lincoln issued a call for seventy-five thousand 
 militia of the several States, to suppress combinations too powerful to be 
 suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings or by the 
 powers ve,sted in the marshals by law. And then commenced the war in 
 which for four years vast armies of brave men contended. On the one 
 
 30 
 
side they fought to maintain the government of the United States as it 
 then existed. On the other side they fought to destroy that government. 
 
 To both is due the honor that belongs to brave men who stake their 
 lives in a contest they believe to be right. But to the memory of each 
 must always be attached the merit or demerit of the cause for which they 
 fought. In his second inaugural address, President Lincoln said: "Both 
 parties deprecated war; but one of them would make war rather than let 
 the nation survive and the other would accept war rather than let it 
 perish. And the war came. . . . Neither of the parties expected 
 for the war the magnitude or the duration which it has already attained. 
 . . . Each looked for an easier triumph and a result less fundamental 
 and astounding. Both read the same Bible and pray to the same God 
 and each invokes His aid against the other. . . . The prayers of 
 both could not be answered — that of neither has been answered fully." 
 
 The fact that great and wise men at great sacrifice founded the 
 Union should not have saved it from destruction if it deserved to be 
 destroyed. Was it worth four years of war, with its hardships, sorrows 
 and losses; was it worth three hundred and fifty thousand young lives to 
 maintain the government of the United States? Are the men who 
 volunteered to maintain it entitled to perpetual and especial honor and 
 commemoration ? 
 
 If any answer "No," they confound the government with the 
 administrations that temporarily perform the processes of government. 
 These do not always fulfill the expectations of the party that has chosen 
 them. They never get, or perhaps deserve, the approval of all parties. 
 Sometimes they are overweighted by the responsibilities of office. Often 
 they are inflated with its consequence. Those who think the best admin- 
 istration is that which ministers to real and not to imaginary needs cen- 
 sure officials because they try to do too much. Those who think that 
 every petty ailment should be cured by the enactment of a new law, or 
 the rediscovery of an obsolete one, censure officials because they do too 
 little. 
 
 It is no doubt true that the continuance of any particular adminis- 
 tration is not sufficient cause for war. 
 
 No really sane citizen would contend that it would have been worth 
 a war to continue the administration of President Hayes, or of President 
 Arthur, or of President Cleveland, or of President Harrison, or of Presi- 
 dent McKinley, or of President Roosevelt, or that it would be worth a 
 war to continue the administration of President Taft, provided these 
 administrations might have ended, or might end, without disrupting the 
 government, or might be superseded by any other administration that 
 would preserve the continuity of government. The continuance of a 
 particular administration relates to the personality of officials. 
 
 Every sane citizen would deem it worth a war to continue each and 
 all of these administrations in the exercise of all the rights and powers 
 conferred upon them by the ballots of the people in accordance with the 
 constitution and the laws, and until they should be superseded in accord- 
 ance with law . Such continuance involves the principles of government. 
 
 31 
 
It is not to depreciate any one of these administrations, but to 
 emphasize the difference between the processes of government and the 
 essence of government that we should always keep in mind the truth that 
 individual officials quickly pass, while governments and the principles o 
 government endure. In the United States administrations are overturned 
 peaceably by ballot. The government can never be overturned while its 
 citizens as volunteer soldiers will fight to maintain it. 
 
 The government of the United States had in i860 and still has prom- 
 ises for its citizens and for the whole human race that no administration 
 has yet been able fully to make good. It still rests upon the proposition 
 that all men are created equal and gives, to all who deserve it, the oppor- 
 tunity to continue as they are created. It still asserts th^ right of every 
 citizen to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness and gives to each, 
 according to his ability, the chance to achieve happiness. It still declares 
 that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the 
 governed and makes officials the agents of its citizens, not their masters. 
 It forbids the grant by the United States of titles of nobility and elimi- 
 nates the fatal doctrine of heredity, prevailing in earlier republics, where- 
 by weak men are accorded rights of precedence because their remote 
 ancestors were strong, and whereby "some acknowledged pre-eminence 
 founded on hereditary succession and on nothing else may be handed on 
 from generation to generation." 
 
 These promises may some day be perfectly performed, when educa- 
 tion has done its best work with all citizens of the republic, whether in 
 office or out of office. And then men may advance to that social condi- 
 tion, coveted and sought but never yet attained, where order prevails 
 because none wish disorder; where laws are few because few are needed; 
 where conduct is ruled by law and not by caprice; where law is not the 
 arbitrary will of a superior imposed on an inferior, but is the agreement 
 of enlightened and honorable men adopted by all for a beneficent rule of 
 conduct by all; where no man need obey any master but the law and the 
 law is the impartial master of every man. 
 
 To maintain the government of the United States was to keep open 
 the avenue for such advance, for which men have struggled from the 
 beginning of the world. To destroy the government was to close the 
 avenue; halt the progress of the world; turn the advance of civilization 
 into disheartening retreat. 
 
 No monument can be too enduring to commemorate the men who 
 gave or risked their lives to maintain such a government. It is the cause 
 they served that gives to Union soldiers especial right to honor and to 
 grateful remembrance. Others may share with them the respect that is 
 due to personal worth; to courage; to endurance; to sincere devotion to 
 a cause deemed worth the risk of life. None can divide with them the 
 good fortune of maintaining the government that offered and still offers 
 the greatest hope for individual independence. 
 
 Sentimentalists misconceive the nature of the stupendous struggle 
 called the Civil War. They treat it like a street brawl where good 
 fellows after a fight shake hands and forget all about it. They fail to 
 
 32 
 
 11 
 
recognize the truth spoken by a distinguished Confederate soldier, that 
 the same person may consistently condemn secession and slavery and do 
 honor to the Southern soldier. One says: "The time is near at hand 
 when all hatreds of soldiers on either side will be buried" and "all 
 wrongs, real or imaginary, should be forgiven and forgotten by all our 
 people." Such utterances assume that soldiers served and fought 
 because they were angry, or hated each other. In the Union armies, 
 surely, and no doubt in the Confederate, the contrary was true. Men 
 went into battle cool and often laughing and joking. They were ready 
 to do a kindness to a captured or wounded opponent. But they went to 
 battle to fight and die for a^principle and a cause whose emblem was the 
 stars and stripes. 
 
 And the message of this monument to all posterity is that the main- 
 tenance of the constitution and laws as framed by our ancestors and not 
 as unwise experimenters would re/rame them is worth the lives of all 
 citizens and that maintenance of these depends on citizens ready to vol- 
 unteer and to fight for them. Law is the true rule of conduct, and arms 
 must uphold the law. 
 
 Bridgton acted on this motto in the perilous years. More than half 
 her voting population and nearly all qualified by age and health entered 
 the volunteer army. They served in three-quarters of the forty-odd mili- 
 tary organizations of the State of Maine. They camped and marched 
 and fought wherever Union armies moved through the four years of the 
 war. The patriotism of the town is shown by the fortitude of the boys 
 and men who went and of the parents and wives and sisters who perforce 
 remained at home. 
 
 The muster rolls show instances where two, three, four and five of 
 the same family served at the same time and where father and son are 
 found in the same company or regiment. The mother of classic memory 
 who gave her son his shield and told him to bring it back as a victor or 
 come back upon it was a prototype of the Bridgton father who, when 
 asked if he did not hate to have all his six sons enlist answered, " No, sir, 
 if I had half a dozen more I should wish them all to go." 
 
 One of Bridgton's men whom, while still living, this monument com- 
 memorates is my friend and fellow-soldier. Governor Cleaves. It is his 
 good fortune to present to you, and yours to receive from him, this last- 
 ing memorial. He wisely and affectionately joins with his own name, as 
 donor, the name of his admirable brother, like himself devoted to and 
 distinguished in the profession of the law. For the monument is a mes- 
 sage to all who see it that the perpetuation of the government rests upon 
 the maintenance of the law by those works in civil life and in the military 
 service so finely exemplified in the lives of both those brothers. 
 
 In contemplating the progress and the results of the Civil War the 
 contribution of no individual soldier should be overlooked. Every one 
 of the Bridgton men who served in the Union armies has equal right to 
 the grateful remembrance of those who enjoy the benefits of the vindi- 
 cated government. Critics indeed may ask what avail the efforts of one 
 man who can neither swerve nor stay the movements of massed columns 
 
 33 
 
and vast armies. And in the same way critics may ask what avails the 
 conduct or misconduct of one man in the vast processes of the universe. 
 
 When we consider its appalling grandeur and contrast with its 
 immensity our own littleness, we are oppressed with the thought that 
 what men may do or may leave undone is of equal worthlessness. 
 Beyond our little planet is the sun. Beyond our sun are other suns we 
 call fixed stars, centers of other planetary systems. Beyond these are 
 other stars viewless from distance. Mind cannot compass, or conceive, 
 the point where these cease to be and beyond which there is nothing. 
 What impress upon this limitless universe can the good or evil acts of 
 man effect ? Can he hasten or delay the courses of stars ? 
 
 But the destiny of the universe is in the keeping of the awful power 
 that controls it. 
 
 Our place has been assigned upon this minor planet where our days 
 are spent. Our actions, good or bad, do make impress upon the lives 
 of those who dwell here with us and do afTect their happiness or misery. 
 If throughout the universe each insignificant unit could act upon the 
 thought that what it does or leaves undone can be of no effect, disorder 
 would wreck the universe. But if each does the little thing worth doing 
 the rule of the universe is co-operation and harmony, effected by the 
 little acts that seem, each by itself, so vain. 
 
 And so with the duties of the soldier. Though the army be millions 
 and the actions of one man seem trifling, yet if each should act upon this 
 thought disorder would wreck the force. But if each man does the 
 things assigned to him co-operation and harmony become the rule. 
 Every soldier who went faithfully through the duties of the day from 
 reveille to taps and of the night from taps to reveille, though his duties 
 may have been mechanical and thankless, was shaping the result that, 
 in 1865, secured, as we believe, the perpetual endurance of the United 
 States of America. 
 
 The oration of General Hubbard, which was received 
 with loud and long-continued applause, closed the formal 
 exercises of the afternoon as far as public remarks were 
 concerned, and music from the quartette and band ended 
 the program. After this the members of the Bridgton 
 Improvement Society, which is composed of some of the 
 most enterprising and public-spirited men of the town, took 
 the Governor's party and invited guests in motor cars for a 
 delightful ride over the smooth and well-kept roads, through 
 the beautiful and picturesque region which lies about the 
 village. Few towns in Maine, it may be remarked in pass- 
 ing, equal and none surpass Bridgton in scenic attractions, 
 as all visitors to that charmed spot can testify ; and the 
 
 34 
 
opportunity to enjoy views of the different localities was 
 thoroughly appreciated by the recipients of the courtesy of 
 the Improvement Society. 
 
 IN THE EVENING 
 
 The event of the evening was a complimentary dinner 
 given at the Bridgton House, by the Improvement Society, 
 to Governor Cleaves and a large number of invited guests. 
 More than a hundred persons, including Judge Walker, 
 Perley P. Burnham, Luther F. McKinney, D. Eugene 
 Chaplin, Frank P. Davis, and other prominent citizens of 
 the town, sat down to the elegantly appointed tables. At 
 the speakers' table were seated, besides Governor Cleaves, 
 Mayor Frederick W. Plaisted, of Augusta, William M. 
 Pennell, of Brunswick, Sheriff Melville W. Trefethen, of 
 South Portland, George W. Norton, of Portland, Asher C. 
 Hinds, William W. Mason and Willis E. Marriner, the 
 president of the society. In a few felicitous remarks Mr. 
 Marriner introduced Governor Cleaves as the guest of 
 honor, and amid deafening applause that gentleman rose to 
 his feet and said : 
 
 I feel perfectly at home in your presence and thank you for this cor- 
 dial greeting. This expression from my old friends and neighbors and 
 the young men of Bridgton, whose fathers I knew so well, is much appre- 
 ciated. I have always taken a deep interest in the town of Bridgton. I 
 entertain the highest respect and affection for the good old town that has 
 gone on amid the storms of more than a century, prospering and advanc- 
 ing; and^^my regard for her interests, her welfare and the prosperity of 
 her people is still unabated. 
 
 I am not only gratified to meet here this evening the citizens of 
 Bridgton, but it is a pleasure to meet the distinguished citizens of the 
 State who have favored the town by their presence. You have with you 
 tonight gentlemen occupying high official stations; gentlemen who are 
 before the people as candidates for high official positions; all of whom 
 you and I will be delighted to hear; all of whom are loyal citizens of the 
 State, and devoted with us to her interests, her progress and the welfare 
 of her people. 
 
 The Governor said he was pleased to meet the repre- 
 sentative men of the town who were interested in her prog- 
 
 35 
 
re83 and her growth, men who believe in this community 
 and in her people. Continuing he said : 
 
 While Bridgton is distinctively an agricultural and manufacturing 
 community, you are developing it as an attractive summer resort. These 
 great industries walk side by side in developing and building up commu- 
 nities. With your manufacturing, your agricultural, commercial and 
 mercantile interests, your excellent transportation facilities, your grand 
 mountain views and lakes, your beautiful scenery and attractive homes, 
 your institutions of learning and grand system of common schools, and 
 with a live and progressive people, no one need have any misgivings as 
 to the future of the good old town of Bridgton. 
 
 The speech of the Governor was marked by as much 
 brevity as sincerity, and every word of it was treasured by 
 his hearers, who loyally testified their appreciation. 
 
 At this juncture Toastmaster Marriner read a telegram 
 from Governor Fernald, who, being unable to be present in 
 person, sent his earnest regards and hearty congratulations 
 to the town of Bridgton for the gift which had been 
 bestowed upon it. 
 
 Mayor Plaisted, of Augusta, was then introduced and 
 spoke as follows : 
 
 I bring you a most cordial greeting from Augusta, and I assure you 
 that our citizens, every man, woman and child of them, honor your dis- 
 tinguished son, Governor Henry B. Cleaves. Such ceremonies as we 
 have witnessed today are an inspiration. I inherited my love for Nathan 
 Cleaves from my father. I was privileged to know him when I was a 
 young man. His life was an open book, and there was not a blot on any 
 page. Why should we not tonight say kindly words of congratulation to 
 Governor Cleaves ? These services today were intended to honor the 
 dead, but they at the same time have ennobled the living. That beauti- 
 ful monument teaches to the young an impressive lesson of patriotism. 
 The Civil War was fought by our boys; their average age was but twenty- 
 two years. If one man by his death could have saved the nation what a 
 heroic figure that man would have been ! Yet every one who gave his 
 life is entitled to as much honor, for he gave his all. Their sacrifices 
 have become a part of our inheritance. As today is better than yester- 
 day, so will tomorrow be better than today; and this government, which 
 in the past has shown itself equal to any emergency, will endure through- 
 out the future. You and Bridgton are acting well your part. I congrat- 
 ulate you on what you have done and what you are doing. Believe in 
 Maine, in the power of her undeveloped rivers and the advantages of her 
 splendid seacoast! Believe in Maine, men of Bridgton, and you will be 
 good citizens, not only of your own State, but of the nation. 
 
 36 
 
Asher C. Hinds was next introduced by Mr. Marriner 
 and said : 
 
 The soldiers of the Civil War lived in a time of g:real good fortune. 
 The soldiers of other wars for liberty have often seen their work undone 
 during their lifetime. The soldiers of Cromwell, who followed him in 
 his famous battles, lived to parade in London when the English people 
 welcomed back the son of the king they had dethroned and the leader of 
 the aristocracy which they had overthrown. The republican soldiers 
 of France, after overthrowing their oppressors and following the greatest 
 military chief of the age, lived to be spurned and despised by the people 
 of reactionary France. Soldiers of our Civil War have seen the liberty 
 which they preserved enjoyed by their posterity, and the nation which 
 they saved come to such prosperity that we are sometimes even tired of it. 
 
 The soldiers of our Civil War have been also fortunate in the enjoy- 
 ment of a high civilization and great social advantages. The soldiers of 
 Daniel Morgan's famous corps of Virginian riflemen, who had gladdened 
 Washington's heart on Cambridge Common, marched through the woods 
 of Maine and fought at Quebec and Saratoga, were able to hold but two 
 reunions. They were poor, communication was difficult, travel was 
 costly and laborious. They met once, twenty-five years later, then they 
 parted forever. Our soldiers, living in a land of wealth, of railroads and 
 steamboats, have held their reunions every year, have kept up the old 
 wartime spirit, and have enjoyed the comradeship of one another as the 
 great pleasure of their lives. 
 
 In the Revolutionary War the soldiers of Maine distinguished them- 
 selves greatly. They had among them famous soldiers and sailors — the 
 Prebles, Commodore Tucker, and that magnificent chief of artillery who 
 had been Washington's great friend and supporter. General Henry Knox. 
 Yet with all those traditions of glory there was not erected, so far as we 
 know, in their time, a single memorial of their valor. Today you have 
 unveiled in this beautiful village a meniorial durable and artistic, the 
 princely gift of two brothers who left a farm in your town to win reputa- 
 tion, esteem and a competency in the city. I call it a competency merely, 
 in these days of great fortunes, but it is more magnificent than would 
 have been thought of in Maine in the simple and poor days after the 
 Revolution. 
 
 Such a memorial as this is possible because the soldiers of the Civil 
 War saved a nation that has become great and rich beyond all former 
 dreams of national magnificence. Our civilization comes high, as far as 
 prices are concerned — sometimes we think too high — and yet the insti- 
 tutions under which we live, and the industrial development thereunder, 
 give us the wherewithal to pay the price. 
 
 Mr. William M. Pennell, when called upon by the 
 
 toastmaster, responded in these words : 
 
 Mr. Toastmaster and Gentlemen : — I esteem it a privilege to partici- 
 pate in these exercises, to share with you in honoring the benefactor of 
 
 37 
 
this village and join with you in paying just homage to a distinguished 
 and worthy son of this town. It is fortunate for this community that his 
 interest in its welfare never flags, and that by this act of patriotic gener- 
 osity the oncoming generations of this town will have ever before them 
 a constant reminder of the great fact that men were willing, if need be, 
 to die for their country and for what they deemed to be the right. 
 
 We are reminded on occasions like these that patriotism is not a 
 mere phrase — it means something. It means the giving up of the dearest 
 and best. It means giving up husband and father, brother and son. It 
 means the sacrifice of life itself. As we look back we are amazed at the 
 spontaneous outpouring of young lives in the cause of the country. We 
 can with diflficulty conceive that the hearts and minds of the people could 
 be so stirred, that thousands went forth to so suffer and to die; yet these 
 monuments, scattered far and wide over the country, testify with mute 
 forcefulness to this solemn truth. 
 
 While we are honoring the memories of those who passed away dur- 
 ing and since that great struggle, and are paying our tributes of respect 
 to those who survive, it is well for us to cherish the thought that the 
 same spirit of patriotism is alive, though perhaps dormant, in the present 
 generation. Patriotism may slumber, it may require some great, throb- 
 bing, stirring question to arouse it; but when the test shall come the 
 boys of today will be as the boys of '6i. Unconsciously we rely upon 
 this spirit in all our national aflfairs. We can reckon with certainty that 
 the smouldering spark will burst into flame at the country's call. May 
 we always have good cause for this faith within us! May the spirit of 
 patriotism ever be cherished and nurtured, and may our country's cause 
 ever be so just that in her days of need she may depend on her loyal 
 sons as she depended on the volunteers of i86r. 
 
 George W. Norton responded to the call of the toast- 
 master and said : 
 
 Mr. Toastmaster : — It is a special pleasure for me to offer my con- 
 gratulations to the Bridgton Board of Trade on this occasion, to note the 
 growth of public spirit in this beautiful town of yours, a town where many 
 of the happiest years of my life were spent. The memory of those years 
 has been a source of purest enjoyment to me in the busy years that have 
 passed since I ceased to be a resident of Bridgton. In memory I have 
 recalled your streets, your hills, your lakes, and the faces that were dear 
 to me then and have ever since been dear to me, many a time in the 
 stress of life's work, and they have always brought me an inspiration. 
 For it was here that I came fresh from home and school and made my 
 first entrance into the world of men. 
 
 I recall now the pride which we all took then in the names of the 
 men who had done distinguished public service who claimed Bridgton as 
 their home, and I remember too that none stood higher then, nor do any 
 now, than the two brothers who have honored their native town today, 
 and in whose honor we are met tonight. Our Maine towns, like this 
 
 38 
 
9^^l^^^^:^^i^ <^5^^^s-^^^^ 
 
town of Bridgton, have earned a debt of gratitude from State and nation 
 for the character and ablility of the boys they have trained, and none 
 have done better than did dear old Bridgton in giving to the world 
 Nathan and Henry B. Cleaves. I congratulate you that his service to 
 the world is recognized both abroad and at home. 
 
 I am amused as I recall that here in Bridgton I began and closed my 
 career as a public speaker, and I must tell you how it happened. I see 
 before me the faces of some who will recall the event. At the end of my 
 first year as a teacher in your grammar school, we held in the Universa- 
 list Church here what we were pleased to call promotion exercises — 
 public exercises not unlike graduations. The boys and girls from the 
 highest class read their essays, or spoke their pieces, just as graduates 
 do; had class history and class prophecies, and went through the formula 
 of graduating without the conferring of any diplomas. And after the 
 exercises were through it seemed to me to devolve upon the teacher to 
 say a few words to the assembled populace. 
 
 Nothing loth, I went at my task with a good will and was getting 
 along swimmingly, as I firmly believed, when Orrin Thompson's little 
 dog, Mars, many of you remember him, hearing my familiar voice as he 
 trotted by in the street, concluded to make a call upon me, and in 
 he came, into church, bustled up the aisle, mounted the platform, and 
 greeted me after the fashion which to h is dogship .seemed most approved. 
 It was fun for Mars, it tickled the people, but it was tough on me. I 
 closed my speech with what grace I could, and concluded from that day 
 not again to make an eftort at public speaking. 
 
 That is why I am not making a speech tonight. What efforts I have 
 made toward educating the public, from that day to this, have been with 
 my pen rather than with my voice. But I am glad of an opportunity to 
 express my pleasure at the great success of this day's proceedings, and 
 to pay my tribute to Bridgton and to her distinguished sons. 
 
 Mr. E. C. Milliken, when called upon by the master 
 of ceremonies, said : 
 
 This day has been to me one of the most enjoyable of my whole 
 life, because it is the culmination of the hopes of years that I might see 
 erected in this, my native village, a Soldiers' Monument to commemorate 
 the services of the men of Bridgton in the great Civil War; tinged also 
 with sadness that my poor old father, a lifelong resident of this town, 
 could not have been permitted to live to see this day so long looked for- 
 ward to by him. 
 
 The generous donor of this monument, whom I am permitted to call 
 my friend, many years ago honored me with a confidence that he intended, 
 some time in the future, to present to his native town a Soldiers' Monu- 
 ment in behalf of himself and his honored brother, now deceased. Ever 
 since I have looked forward to this day with fond anticipations. It has 
 been my good fortune to have seen nearly every Soldiers' Monument in 
 
 39 
 
Maine, and also many in other States, and it can be truly said that 
 Bridgton has as beautiful and appropriate a monument as any town or 
 city in this country. 
 
 This day brings to me a flood of recollections of the days of the war 
 —especially the earlier days before I enlisted. I think I personally knew 
 every man who enlisted during the first years of that struggle. I remem- 
 ber well when the men enlisted in the first half-dozen regiments sent 
 from Maine. How we looked upon them as heroes! Then when Enoch 
 Knight, at that time editor of the Bridgton Reporter, raised his company 
 for the Twefth Maine, recruited as it was from Bridgton, Sweden and 
 Lovell, and they began drilling in the old Town House under a drill ser- 
 geant who had come up from Portland to instruct them. When they had 
 learned "to march sideways in two straight rows," as they termed it, 
 they came out on the street and the space being limited they came down 
 High Street to the square, where the monument is now located. There 
 were no trees there then, all the trees having been set out years after. 
 
 I remember well how, as a barefooted boy, I came up on the "hill," 
 as we called it, to watch them drill; and as they marched back and forth 
 we boys would gravitate back and forward between Dixey Stone's store, 
 which stood where the corner of this hotel now stands and just where 
 the dedicatory exercises took place, and the post office, kept by S. M. 
 Hayden in his drug store, where Frank Webb's store now is. Not a 
 movement escaped our boyish eyes as we saw them march away. As 
 the later regiments were raised the sons of Bridgton responded to every 
 call. The next large number that went forward was when our honored 
 friend, and a large number of others, enlisted in the Twenty-third Regi- 
 ment. Then the Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth each took a large number; 
 and, in fact, under every call Bridgton furnished its full quota. 
 
 It can be truthfully said that no town in Maine, or any other State, 
 furnished a larger proportion of its citizens able for, and liable to, military 
 duty than did the town of Bridgton. It was always a loyal and patriotic 
 town, and while it is true that there were a few who entertained copper- 
 head sentiments, they very early learned that they would not be allowed 
 to express them publicly. 
 
 Bridgton should certainly be proud of the beautiful monument pre- 
 sented to it today, and should ever be grateful to the loyal son of Bridg- 
 ton who presented it, and should care for and cherish it thiough all the 
 coming years. 
 
 I am deeply grateful for this opportunity to participate in this most 
 enjoyable banquet and to say a word of the days of Old Lang Syne. 
 
 Following Mr. Milliken, brief and pertinent speeches 
 were made by Colonel A. C. Drink water, of Braintree, 
 Massachusetts, a former resident of Bridgton, Honorable 
 Luther F. KcKinney and others. 
 
 40 
 
THE CLEAVIi:S FAMILY 
 
 Nathan and Henry Bradstreet Cleaves came from a par- 
 entage which is noteworthy in the history of Bridgton, one 
 of the earliest settlers of the town having been Benjamin 
 Cleaves, who with his uncle, Enoch Perley, came with other 
 pioneers from Beverly, Massachusetts, in the last third of 
 the eighteenth century. Benjamin's wife, Susan (Wood- 
 bury) Cleaves, was also a native of Bridgton, and Mr. and 
 Mrs. Cleaves settled in what is now known as "Hio Dis- 
 trict," and there on the 18th of June, 1799, their son 
 Thomas was born. 
 
 Thomas Cleaves lived for a while on the ancestral farm, 
 subsequently moving to Bridgton Center, to the homestead 
 that remained for more than fifty years in the possession of 
 the Cleaves family, where he died on the 3d of March, 1881. 
 
 The wife of Thomas Cleaves was Sophia Bradstreet, 
 whose father, Daniel Bradstreet, a lineal descendant of Sam- 
 uel Bradstreet who was prominent in Colonial history, came 
 from Raleigh, Massachusetts, in the early days of the Bridg- 
 ton settlement. Thomas Cleaves and Sophia Bradstreet 
 were married December 27, 1827. They were both mem- 
 bers of the First Congregational Church of Bridgton and 
 intimately connected with the history and progress of the 
 town. She died September 16, 1882, aged seventy-seven 
 years. This lovely woman's death was sudden but calm, a 
 fitting ending of a long and noble life. The mother of Mrs. 
 Thomas Cleaves was a sister of the Revolutionary patriot, 
 Lieutenant Robert Andrews, who after settling in Bridgton 
 was a lieutenant of the Bridgton Light Infantry, a military 
 company which was organized in 1792. 
 
 Thomas Cleaves was a man of great energy and of strict 
 integrity, which qualities he bequeathed to his descendants. 
 He was an active and always prominent and influential citi- 
 zen, and saw long service in the affairs of the town. For 
 nine years he was one of the Selectmen, five years succes- 
 Bively from 1838, twice in the SO's and twice in the 60's, 
 
 41 
 
besides which he represented Bridgton in the historic Legis- 
 lature of 1851, which placed upon the statute books the 
 world-famous Maine Liquor Law. 
 
 Of the children of Thomas and Sophia (Bradstreet) 
 Cleaves, the youngest and only daughter, Mary Sophia 
 Cleaves, was born in Bridgton and enjoyed the superior 
 educational advantages of that town, which has been noted 
 for its advanced position in the cause of education. She 
 was a successful teacher in the schools of Bridgton for 
 several years ; was a member of the First Congregational 
 Church and always took a deep interest and prominent part 
 in the social and religious welfare of the community. She 
 resided .at Bridgton with her parents until their decease, 
 when she removed to Portland. She married William W. 
 Mason, president of the Portland National Bank, son of the 
 late Honorable Jeremiah M. Mason, of Limerick. Mrs. 
 Mason is a person of rare intellectual gifts, nobleness of 
 character, of engaging manner and endears herself to all. 
 
 The eldest son was Robert Andrews Cleaves, who was 
 born in Bridgton July 6, 1832. He was educated in the 
 common schools of his native town and attended North 
 Bridgton Acudemy. He resided in Bridgton until the time 
 of his death, March 14, 1909. He was for many years 
 employed in mercantile pursuits, being one of the prominent 
 merchants of the town, identified with Bridgton's growth 
 and prosperity, and always took a deep interest in every 
 worthy and progressive movement that would advance the 
 interests of the town and the welfare of her people. He 
 left an honorable record and a delightful memory. 
 
 The second son, Nathan, who was born on the 9th of 
 January, 1835, was graduated from Bowdoin College in 
 the class of 1858, among his classmates being Francis Fes- 
 senden, Jonathan P. Cilley, Edward Bowdoin Nealley, 
 Franklin M. Drew and Ellis Spear. All these "boys" are 
 noteworthy in the history of the State and the nation, and 
 Nathan Cleaves was certainly not the least remarkable one 
 in this distinguished group of soldiers and men of affairs. 
 
 42 
 
K 
 
 iMMliSSUMJHaMi 
 
Immediately after his graduation Nathan Cleaves began 
 the study of law with the firm of Joseph Howard and Sewall 
 C. Strout, of Portland, and was admitted to the Cumberland 
 County Bar in the year 1861. He opened an office in Bow- 
 doinham, Maine, and soon after removed to Portland and 
 formed a partnership with Lorenzo D. M. Sweat, and this 
 partnership being dissolved by the election of Mr. Sweat to 
 Congress, he formed another with Judge Howard, and later 
 formed a law partnership with his brother, Henry B. Cleaves. 
 He resided in Portland until the time of his death. In 1869 
 he was elected City Solicitor, and two years later, though 
 he was a pronounced Democrat in a strong Republican city, 
 his appreciative fellow citizens sent him to the State Legis- 
 lature, to which bod}^ he was again elected in 1875. 
 
 In the Centennial year of 1876 Mr. Cleaves was chosen 
 Judge of Probate, and discharged the delicate and responsi- 
 ble duties of that office with distinct credit to himself and to 
 the general satisfaction of every one who was brought into 
 relations with that tribunal. In 1884 the Democrats of the 
 First District nominated him as their candidate for Congress, 
 and he came within a few hundred votes of defeating his 
 Republican opponent, Thomas B. Reed, who was then in 
 the very Hush of his fame. In 1887 President Cleveland 
 appointed Judge Cleaves Surveyor of the Customs Port of 
 Falmouth and Portland. 
 
 Judge Cleaves was an accomplished lawyer, a public- 
 spirited citizen, a faithful official, and a man who deserved 
 and won great personal popularity. He was connected with 
 many business enterprises and corporations, and a director 
 in manj^ of the banking and financial institutions of the 
 State. He actively practised law for a period of more than 
 thirty years and obtained i)rominence in the profession he 
 loved. 
 
 The Cumberland County Bar, at a meeting which was 
 held soon after the death of Judge Cleaves, September 5, 
 1892, adopted the following memorial resolution : 
 
 43 
 
II 
 
 Resolved, That the members of the Cumberland Bar have heard, 
 with a deep sense of personal grief and loss, the news of the sudden 
 illness and death of their distinguished associate member, Honorable 
 Nathan Cleaves, at the very summit of his professional career; that his 
 contemporaries at the Bar during their lives will cherish the memory of 
 his unfailing courtesy, his dignity of professional bearing and demeanor, 
 his pure life and character, his eminent legal attainments, his fine train- 
 ing and capacity in all matters pertaining to his profession, his exception- 
 ally good forensic judgment, tact and skill, and the rare and excellent 
 traits and qualities of his mind and heart; and, cherishing the memory of 
 him ourselves, we write also this brief memorial of him, that they who 
 come after us in the profession, to a late posterity, may remember him 
 as one of the ornaments and models of his own time. 
 
 In speaking of this resolution, Judge Symonds said : 
 " It is seldom that the Bar has been so affected as by the 
 death of Nathan Cleaves. For a long time he had been with 
 us, one of us ; he was standing by our side, in our very 
 midst — we looked up, and he was gone. The good man, 
 whose life had become knit with ours by long memories 
 and all fond associations, at the meridian of his intellectual 
 faculties, in the robes of his profession and in the midst of 
 his heaviest responsibilities and obligations, lay dead at his 
 post. He who had labored without rest to bring the best 
 fruitage of life to its harvest had fallen in his place when 
 the boughs hung heaviest, when his work needed him most ; 
 had passed and was still amid the ripe wealth of autumn. 
 The sickle still gleamed in the harvest iield, fallen from the 
 reaper's hand. In the sunlight rustled still the ripened and 
 ripening grain, which no hand now shall ever gather into 
 sheaves. All was as it had been, but his work was done. 
 All was as before, but another companionship, prized and 
 held dear, the charm of one old friendship more, had disap- 
 peared from our lives." 
 
 The third son, Thomas Perley Cleaves, was born in 
 Bridgton January 7, 1838. He was educated in the com- 
 mon and high schools of Bridgton and vicinity and at 
 Oxford Normal Institute, South Paris, Maine. Adopting 
 the law as his profession, he entered the office of Honorable 
 Edward Fox and Frederick Fox, of Portland, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1859. He opened an office in Brown- 
 field, Maine, and early took high rank in his profession. 
 He has held many positions of public trust. 
 
 44 
 
In 1862 Mr. Cleaves was elected Assistant Secretary 
 of the Senate of Maine, and re-elected in 1863-64. In 
 1865 he was elected Secretary of that body and continued 
 in oflfice by successive elections for five years. He was 
 elected Senator from Oxford County, serving two terms. 
 
 Recognizing his ability and high standing. Honorable 
 Lot M. Morrill, Senator from Maine, selected him as Chief 
 Clerk of the Appropriation Committee of the United States 
 Senate, and Mr. Cleaves and his family removed to Wash- 
 ington. Through all the successive changes in the Senate 
 of the United States, Mr. Cleaves continued to serve in this 
 responsible position up to the time of his death, August 10, 
 1910, and was closely associated with the late Senator Allison, 
 of Iowa, Senator Hale, of Maine, and other distinguished 
 senators who have served on this important committee. 
 
 The fourth son, Henry Bradstreet Cleaves, was born 
 on the 6th of February in the year 1840. He acquired his 
 early education in the common schools of his native town 
 and in the Lewiston Falls and Bridgton Academies. In 
 1862 he enlisted as a private in Company B of the Twenty- 
 third Maine Infantry Regiment, Colonel William Wirt Vir- 
 gin, and served with honor until the regiment was mustered 
 out. Upon the expiration of this regiment's service, young 
 Cleaves re-enlisted for three years under Colonel Francis 
 Fessenden, who was recruiting a veteran regiment for active 
 service at the front, and was commissioned first lieutenant 
 in Company F, Thirtieth Maine Veterans, of which regiment 
 Thomas Hamlin Hubbard was lieutenant colonel. While 
 serving in the Department of the Gulf, Lieutenant Cleaves 
 actively participated in the various engagements of the Red 
 River Expedition, under General Nathaniel P. Banks, and 
 subsequently took part in the battles of Mansfield, Pleasant 
 Hill and Cane River Crossing. 
 
 At the close of the campaign in Louisiana the regiment 
 was ordered to Virginia, where Lieutenant Cleaves served 
 throughout the remainder of the war in the Army of the 
 Potomac and under General Sheridan in the Shenandoah 
 
 45 
 
Valley. So creditable was bis record, and so soldierly the 
 aptitude whicb be evinced, that Secretary of War Stanton 
 offered him a commission in the regular army, which offer, 
 however, he declined. At the close of the war he returned 
 to Bridgton, where for a time he was occupied in agricul- 
 tural pursuits, lumbering and the study of law. 
 
 In the month of September, 1868, Lieutenant Cleaves 
 was admitted to the bar and practised in Bath one year, 
 then removing to Portland and forming a law partnership 
 with his brother, the late Judge Nathan Cleaves. 
 
 He achieved distinction in politics as well as in law. 
 He served two terms as a representative to the Legislature 
 from the city of Portland, being Chairman of the Judiciary 
 Committee, In 1877 he was elected City Solicitor of Port- 
 land and conducted many important cases for the munici- 
 pality during his two terms of office. In 1880 he was 
 chosen Attorney General of the State, to which important 
 office he was twice re-elected, serving for a period of five 
 successive years. During his incumbency he was engaged 
 in the prosecution of more than twenty capital cases and 
 of many important State tax cases against the railroads, 
 insurance and express companies, which were carried to a 
 successful termination. 
 
 In the month of June, 1892, Mr. Cleaves received the 
 high compliment of a unanimous nomination by the Repub- 
 lican party for Governor of his native State, and was elected 
 in the September following by a substantial majority. His 
 election was in a way a special personal tribute to him as a 
 man, because his Democratic opponent was Honorable 
 Charles F. Johnson, one of the most popular Democrats in 
 the State and recently elected United States Senator. In 
 1894 Governor Cleaves was re-elected by nearly forty 
 thousand majority, being the greatest majority which, up 
 to that time, had been received by a gubernatorial candidate 
 in Maine. 
 
 His inaugural addresses to the Legislature were regarded 
 as among the ablest ever delivered in Maine, and received 
 
 40 
 
the universal commendation of the press and people. He 
 came to the position fully equipped by experience in public 
 affairs and his was a most popular and successful adminis- 
 tration. In the performance of official duties the interests 
 of the State were always foremost, and during his terms of 
 office he omitted no proper opportunity in all his public 
 addresses to eulogize the State of Maine and her people. 
 
 Though Governor Cleaves has made a memorable rec- 
 ord in everthing that he has ever attempted — particularly 
 distinguishing himself as Attorney General — it is as chief 
 executive of the State that he has most endeared himself to 
 the people of Maine. In that high office he displayed mod- 
 eration, fairness and sagacity, earning the respect of his 
 political opponents as well as the plaudits of hia party 
 friends. An able, honest, fearless and conscientious magis- 
 trate, his name stands high on the honorable roll of the 
 Governors of Maine. 
 
 At the close of his administration as Governor the Leg- 
 islature, irrespective of party, accorded to him an unusual 
 distinction, passing the following resolution in recognition 
 of his distinguished service to the State : 
 STATE OF MAINE 
 
 House ok Representatives, 
 
 January 7, 1897. 
 
 Voicing the sentiments of the people and press of Maine, the House 
 of Representatives desires to place on record its recognition of the dis- 
 tinguished services rendered by the retiring Governor; therefore, 
 
 Resolved, That we extend to Honorable Henry B. Cleaves, who has 
 guided the Ship of State for four years, our recognition of his honorable 
 service. Faithful to every trust, diligent in the performance of all public 
 duties, devoted to the interests of the whole State, he has met every 
 emergency and given to the people of Maine an upright, honest and dig- 
 nified administration. 
 
 He retires from the high office he has so ably and faithfully filled 
 with the confidence, respect and aflfection of the whole people. 
 
 Upon retiring from the office of Governor he resumed 
 the practice of his profession at Portland. He was at once 
 retained as counsel by many of the leading business interests 
 of the State, and tried before the courts many important 
 cases, being general counsel for the Maine Central Railroad 
 Company, of the Portland National Bank, and associate 
 
 47 
 
counsel of the Boston and Maine Railroad, and attorney for 
 various other business and financial interests. The most 
 notable case ever tried in the State, and one that excited 
 much interest throughout the country, vras the Chandler will 
 case, in which Governor Cleaves appeared as senior counsel 
 for the heirs. The American Board of Commissioners for 
 Foreign Missions, under a will executed by the testator, 
 claimed the entire estate, nearly a million dollars, while it 
 was claimed in behalf of the heirs that they were entitled to 
 one-half of the estate by a subsequent codicil of the testator, 
 though it was executed while he was under guardianship. 
 The contention of Governor Cleaves was sustained by the 
 Supreme Court of Maine and the validity of the codicil 
 upheld. 
 
 Governor Cleaves is intimately connected with many 
 of the great business interests of the State, being a Director 
 of the Maine Central Railroad Company, the Portland Ter- 
 minal Company, Union Mutual Life Insurance Company, 
 Portland National Bank, Union Safe Deposit and Trust 
 Company, Consolidated Electric Light Company, and asso- 
 ciated with other financial and business institutions. 
 
 As a prominent member of the Loyal Legion, the 
 Grand Army of the Republic and the Maine Veteran Asso- 
 ciation, and in his professional practice as well as in all 
 matters pertaining to the assistance of his old comrades in 
 arms, Governor Cleaves has always shown a deep and abid- 
 ing friendship for the defenders of his country — a friend- 
 ship of which every soldier, in this or other commonwealths, 
 who knows him, or knows of him, is personally proud. 
 
 48