LIBRARY OF CONGRESS I J/Ac^/. B-3.S- DNITED STATES OF AMEltlCA. t C'»'» ■'*-<*''*t''^'^'*'** ■«'-^**Sfc.'«fe''%''«''* '«'*'^''H! Our National Emblem. — The American or Bald Eagle, a symbol of etrengtli and courage. The Coat of Arms of the U. S. is composed of the Eagle, with oxitsprcad wings, guarding a shield of Stars and Stripes, holding arrows in one talon and an oUve branch in the other, and in its beak the motto, "ii' FlVr- ribus UnumJ' r -^ < ^ ,,\1 still waves." >^ X m ^^^^-^-_^' —•'<_- f •• Forever float that standard sheet" ^ 0' THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK OP AMERICAN PROGRESS COMPRISING A READY REFERENCE MANUAL OF FACTS AND FIGURES, FROM THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA TO THE PRESENT TIME. HISTORICAL, DOCUMENTARY, BIOGRAPHICAL, FINANCIAL, STATISTICAL, POLITICAL. Edited by REV. E. a"" HAVEN, D.D., LL.D. Chancellor of Syracuse University, N. Y. ; late President of the North Western Universily HlinoiB. and formerly President of Michigan (Ann Arbor) State University. ILLUSTRATED, NEW YORK: E. B. TREAT, 805 BROADWAY. PALMER, AUGIR & CO., CHICAGO. | F. A. HUTCHINSON, ST. LOUIS. 1876. COPrRIGHT. B. B. TREAT. 1876. INTRODUCTION. We present in this volume a collection of the most important facts in American history — just the facts that every intelligent citizen de- sires to have at ready command. As a fitting introduction to it we give a brief memoir of the " Father of his Country," " first in war, first in peace, first in the hearts of his countrymen,*' the immortal Washington ; using that as a kind of thread on which to string some facts and thoughts that tend to show the magnitude and magnificence of the wondrous revolution in the politics of the world, of which, what we call the American Revolution was the centre, and George Washington the most conspicuous figure. CONTENTS HISTORICAL. PAGE. American Progress, by E. 0. Haven 11 Chronology of important events from the discovery of America to 1776 41 King Philip's War,— causes of 42 Pequot War, — causes of 42 Bacon's Rebellion, — causes of 42 Queen Anne's War, — causes of 43 King William's War, — causes of 43 King George's War, — causes of 44 French and Indian War,— causes of 44 Revolutionary War, — causes of 47 Continental Congress — Presidents and Sessions of 56 History of the Confederation 57 Articles of Confederation 58 Important Events of each year, from the formation of the govern- ment t-: the present time, chronologically arranged, under each administration 144 Whisky Rebellion in Pa., — causes of 156 War with Tripoli, — causes of 156 Second War with England, 1812— causes of 162 Hartford Convention, — its object 163 Anti-Masonic Excitement, — causes of 176 The Black Hawk War on the frontier. 180 The Seminole War in Florida 180 Tl-ie Canadian Rebellion, — causes of 185 Mexican War, — causes of 195 Oar National Domain, and how acquired 276 History of each State and Territory 280 Civil War, 1861-65,— causes of History of our Flag, by Hon. J. T. Headley. 380 Important Events of the Rebellion, exclusive of Battles 388 BIOGRAPHICAL. COMPRISING THE LIVES OP George Washington, 1st President 144 John Adams, Vice-President, and 2nd President 150 Thomas Jefferson, Vice-Pres., and 3d President 154 Aaron Burr, Vice-President. ... ... 155 James Madison, 4th President 159 George Clinton, Vice-President 160 James Monroe, 5th President 167 Daniel D. Tompkins, Vice-President 169 John Q. Adams, Vice-President, and 6th President 172 John C. Calhoun, Vice-President. 174 Andrew Jackson, 7th President 177 Martin Van Buren, Vice-President, and 8th President 178, 182 Richard M. Johnson, Vice-President 184 8 CONTENTS. PAGE. Wm. H. Harrison, 9th President 187 John Tyler, Vice-President, and 10th President 189 James K. Polk, 11th President 193 Geo. M. Dallas, Vice-President 194 Zachary Taylor, 12th President 198 Millard Fillmore, Vice-President, and 18th President 199 Franklin Pierce, 14th President 202 Wm. R. King, Vice-President 203 James Buchanan, 15th President 206 John C. Breckenridge, Vice-President 208 Abraham Lincoln, 16th President 212 Hannibal Hamlin, Vice-President 214 Andrew Johnson, Vice-President, and 17th President 214 Ulysses S. Grant, 18th President. 219 Schuyler Colfax, Vice-President 221 Henry Wilson, Vice-President 221 DOCUMENTARY. The Declaration of Independence, and signers 47 The Articles of Confederation of the United Colonies of America. . . 57 The Constitution of the United States ,74 Constitutional Amendments, — fifteen 95 Washington's Inaugural Address 102 Washington's Farewell Address 109 The First Prayer in Congress 137 Slave Ordinances of 1797, 1820, 1850, and 1854 142 Dred Scott Decision of 1854 142 Jackson's NulUfication Proclamation to S. C 227 The Mouroe Doctrine 266 The Neutrality Law of the U. S 268 Hon. S. A. Douglas' great Union Speech 297 Alien and Sedition Laws of the U. S Lincoln's 1st Inaugural Address 304 Lincoln's First Call for Troops 322 War Resolution of N. Y. Chamber of Commerce 325 The Blockade Proclamation 330 The Emancipation Proclamation . . 333 The Confiscation Act of the Rebellion 337 Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address 340 The Amnesty Proclamation 344 President Johnson's Amnesty Proclamation 350 The Peace Proclamation " 355 The CivU Rights BiU 361 STATISTICAL. Table of Battles of the Revolution, giving the dates and places of engagement, the commanding officer on each side, numbers en- gaged, and loss 139 Our Navy during the Revolutionary War 140 Slave Population of tlie Colonies, 1715 143 Slave Population of the U. S. in 1860 143 War of 1812 ; list of battles, with date and place of engagement, commanding officers on each side, number engaged, and loss 165 Naval Battles of the War of 1812, with date, where fought, com- manding officers, loss, etc ; 166 List of Battles of the Mexican War, with dates and places, com- mandiug officers, loss, etc 197 CONTENTS. 9 PAGE. PopnJation of U. S., Census at each decade ... 278 1870 Census of 100 largest cities 279 List of principal Treaties of the U.S 296 Table showing the Number of Troops furnished by each State dur- ing the Rebellion 321 Table showing the number of men called into service, 1861-65 324 Provost Marshal General's Report of the Killed and Wounded dur- ing the Rebellion 357 Statistics of Emigrants arriving in U. S 372 Number of Patents issued each year since 1791, with the number of Patents granted to each mechanical device, for example : 2,295 patents have been granted for Sewing Machines and Attach- ments, etc 374 Post Offices and miles of Post Roads at each decade 376 Table of Popular and Electoral Vote for each President 377 A Ready Reference Perpetual Calendar 378 List of 600 Battles of the Rebellion, with dates and place of engage- ment, commanding officers, and loss on each side 394 List of 1,400 vessels captured in violation of the Blockade. 433 List of 300 vessels destroyed by Confederate Privateers during the Civil War 466 Congressional apportionment for each State 475 The Vote, by States, for President, 1860, '64, '68, and '72 476 FINANCIAL. The Expenses of the Government for each year, from 1791 to the present time 144 The National Debt for each year since 1791 144 The Exports and Imports of the U. S. for each year since 1791 144 The Debts of twenty leading Foreign Nations as compared with that of the U. S 371 Annual Receipts and Expenditures of the Patent Office 373 The Postal Revenue and Expenses of the U. S. for each decade since 1791 376 POLITICAL. Electoral Vote for President and Vice-President, 1st and 2nd term of the first (Washington's) Administration 147 The Party Candidates and Electoral Vote of each of the 2d (Adam's) Administration 152 The same of the od (Jefferson's) Administration 156 " " 4th (Madison's) " 161 " " 5th (Monroe's) " 169 The party Candidates, Popular and Electoral Vote of each for Presi- dent and Vice-President of the 6th (J. Q. Adams') Administration 175 The same of the 7th (Jackson's) Administration 179 " 8th (Van Buren's) " . 185 " " 9th (Harrison and Tyler's) Administration 190 " " 10th (Polk's) Administration 195 " " 11th (Taylor and Fillmore's) Administration 200 " " 12th (Pierce's) Administration 204 " " 13th (Buchanan's) Administration 208 " " 14th (Lincoln and Johnson's) Administration 214 " " 15th (Grant's) Administration 122 Appendix giving Political matter pertaining to the Campaign of 1876. 479 AMERICAN PROGRESS. On the 2 2d of February, 1732, or, as it was then des- ignated, the 11th of February, in a small, Birth ofWash- but comfortable farm-house on the shore ington. of the Potomac, in the county of West- moreland, Virginia, was born the oldest child of Mary and Augustine Washington. Little did the parents imagine that the name which they should select for this boy would become celebrated in history, oratory, and poetry, and be a household word in many lands and in many lan- guages. There was nothing in the outward appear- ance to indicate such a glory. The Washingtons were, indeed, a respectable family of the English aristocracy. The great-grandfather of the little boy was an English knight, who, however, made no use of his title after coming to the wilds of Virginia. They possessed large estates and a plenty of servants, and commanded all the comforts that could well be secured in the new province so far away from the 12 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. centres of civilized life. But there was no prospect that this little American infant would inherit a title of nobility, and the prophecy of his achieving a dis- tinction that should leap over national boundaries, and command the eulogies of the best minds in all countries, would have been regarded as the foolish fancying of a necromancer unworthy of a moment's hearing. But at this time there was a notable American who was soon to be regarded as the foremost Benjamin philosopher of his generation, Benjamin Franklin. Already he had struggled up through great difficulties and made himself an ac- complished scholar. His " Poor Richard's Almanac " was in thousands of homes. He was improving the fire department and the government of Philadelphia. He was planning for the foundation of a university. He was just about to enter upon some investigations of that mysterious force which attracts light bodies to amber and glass when rubbed, then repels them, and was soon to succeed in quietly drawing down Jove's thunderbolt from heaven, and thus write his name in the sky, to be read of all men. But the little infant, whom we have left, as yet unnamed, knew nothing of all that. Like other babies, he was pass- ing through the first of the Seven Ages of man : '* Mewling and puking in his nurse's arms.** AMERICAN FBOGBESS. 13 We leave him there for the present, and will take ^^ ^ a rapid survey, first of the shadowy un- xviiiuf organized land or lands subsequently to become the United States of America, and then glance at Europe, where the influence of this young Washington and his associates will yet be al- most as great as in their own land. North America at that time did exist. It had been lifted from the ocean, but for want of the woodman's axe and the shovel, directed by the engineer, a much larger part of it, than no^, was an unbroken wilderness. It was an almost impenetrable forest. Wild beasts roamed over the most of it, occasionally chased by a few straggling Indians, who divided their time between hunting the beasts and hunting each other. The French held what there was then of Canada and Michigan, and also Louisiana at the mouth of the Mississippi, and claimed the whole of that river, and all west of it, although no one knew how much or what was the nature of the territory claimed. Flor- ida was held by the Spaniards. South America had a larger population of European origin than North America. Mexico was stronger than New York. The English flag floated over thirteen surviving North-American colonies, several having already per- ished, and all of the thirteen having been more than once on the verge of extinction. All New Eng- 14 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. land, embracing the four colonies, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Connecticut had about 375,000 inhabitants ; New York had only 100,000, a majority of whom were Dutch ; Pennsyl- vania 250,000; all the rest about 300,000; all together had about one million, — less than the popu- lation now of New York city alone ; less than one twentieth of the population of the United States one hundred years later ; less than one fortieth of the population of the United States in the centennial year of their history, 1876. America, was then con- temptible in the eyes of the world. Glowing pic- tures of its future greatness were sometimes im- agined, but in present resources it was too feeble to tempt the robber or even the tax-gatherer. The col- lection of any revenue from America would have cost more than the income. Had it been a nation it would have held about the same rank among the nations as Greenland, Iceland or the Sandwich Islands to-day. The one million of people in the thirteen colonies Avere gathered into a few villages, or scat- the pioneer tered in rural settlements along the ocean Americans. shore, widely separated. The colonies were not even connected by passable roads. Glance at them ! There are no regular postal or mail arrange- ments. It were a voyage longer and more perilous to go from Massachusetts to Georgia, than now to AMERICAN PROGRESS. 15 circumnavigate the globe ! Wild beasts roam over most of the great region afterwards to be known as the State of New York. There are onl}^ three col- leges in America, and these not equal to a modern village high school. There is not a school in all the thirteen colonies where a girl can receive a good English education. There is not a machine factory in America superior to a country blacksmith's shop. Foreign commerce is almost unknown. Coasting commerce is trivial. There are no woollen mills. The cotton plant is not yet cultivated in America, and cotton cloth is almost as expensive as silk — and both are practically unknown. The little paper used is brought from England. There are only six news- papers published in all North America. The whole number of subscribers for the six is probably not more than twelve thousand. The men are mostly clad in linsey-woolsey, spun and woven by their wives and mothers, dyed with different colors ex- tracted from the leaves and roots of certain vegeta- bles found in the forest, and the women are largely clad in the same material ; and every family has a dye pot, as common as a water pail. Many families partake of their daily mush or Indian pudding out of one common dish in the centre of the table. What few dishes they have are wooden or pewter. The ploughs are wooden. Shovels and hoes, heavy and 16 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. scanty, are all the other agricultural implements. The men have flint-lock muskets to hunt with, which act so slowly that a wild duck has time to dive and dodge the shot after hearing the click of the lock. Wheeled vehicles are scarce, and the wheels are solid, sawn from the end of logs. Log houses are the common habitations. The Indians are about as numerous as the whites. But if we look at this people more carefully, we shall find some gleams of light that startle peopie.^^' us with their flashing promise of brillian- cy, if only this diamond can be freed with- out breaking from the rough coating about it. " Of what use," inquired a blockhead, sometimes called a practical man, of Franklin, " is your new discovery ? " " Of what use," said Franklin in reply, " is a new born baby ? " The American colonies were then a babe. Born in the wilderness, to be strengthened by toil, if by a favoring Providence it survives the dan- gers of infancy. These Americans were then an an- omaly in the world. In all history there had never been a phenomenon like this. The world was never prepared before for such a growth. Rome was founded in like manner, but Romulus and Remus, fabled to have been suckled by a wolf, and their companions, were pagan fugitives from justice, and not Christians, desiring liberty to worship AMERICAN PROGRESS. 17 and obey God according to their own sense of right. Greece had been settled by adventurers, but both Greek and Roman pioneers hastened to declare them- selves masters and to reduce to slavery the large mass of the population around them. These early Americans were free simply because they were neg- lected. The mother country seldom interfered with them, usually for injury, never for protection or ben- efit. Some of the colonies chose their own governors and all their magistrates ; others were partially gov- erned or embarrassed by foreign officers. They reg- ulated their own churches. They made their own internal improvements. They established their own schools. They imposed taxes upon themselves. They were the outgrowth of the most advanced par- ties in Europe. They had inherited the thought and culture of ages. They were sifted out of England and other nations to try an experiment on a virgin soil. They had left the privileged classes, the aris- tocracy, behind. They were a band of workingmen, with well educated. Christian leaders. By consequence they were disciplined. They were educated. They were democratic republicans. They never had a real war with each other. Some little disputes arose, but the magistrates and ministers usually settled these without bloodshed. They were compelled to fight often with the wily savages around 2 18 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. them. The mother country forced them into a war with their sister French colonies, but they had no heart for it, and had the dispute been left to those who lived on this continent, it would have been set- tled without bloodshed. They were at that very time, though poor, yet the freest people in the world. Let us leave there the infant Washington to grow up amid the peculiar strifes and ambitions and toils of the little colony of less than a hundred thousand people a while longer, and now extend a glance over the continent of Europe. At this time, from 1732, Washington's birth year, to 1776, the great American Republic's in°Eu?op^!^^^ birth year, there was no great Republic on the soil of Europe, or nation, in which the whole people governed themselves. Switzerland had a population of about one million mountaineers, like the North American Indians, di- vided into about twenty tribes, partially confeder- ated, often at war with each other, consisting o± nobles and peasantry, the people not voters — and only a republic in the sense that it was not a mon- archy. It is now a republic, and some historians falsely say it was then a republic. The little republic of Andorra, now so-called, was about equal to an average American township, and AMERICAN PROGRESS. 19 was really an aristocracy ; while San Marino was another little township, governed by a self-elected council, who held office for life. All the rest of the continent of Europe — practi- cally all of Europe — was divided into hos- Em-opean ^j^^^ nations, over each of which presided a monarch. The nobles had some privi- leges ; the people were practically slaves. The great business of the men of Europe was to fight. They fought, and then rested long enough to take breath, and to let a new crop of boys grow up to be soldiers, and then fought again. Well might Hobbes, the ec- centric English philosopher, picture human society as a huge leviathan, and promulgate the theory that the natural state of man is war. The monarchs were contending with the nobles, and every nation with every other nation. Treaties broke like rotten withes. The promises of a prince were empty air. Diplomacy was synonymous with deception. Talley- rand's maxim was but an embodiment of actual prac- tice : " The great object of speech is to conceal thought." Macchiavelli was the most popular politi- cal authority, whose book, entitled " The Prince," is such an awful embodiment of diabolism that men of the XlXth century are inclined to regard it as ironical, but in that age princes subscribed to it as true. One of his maxims was : " Providence is 20 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. always favorable to the powerful, who possess neither shame nor conscience, and withholds its protection from the weak" " Might makes right " was the law of European monarchs. Especially in the XVIIIth century despotism touched bottom in Europe. It was equally base with ancient Roman and later Oriental tyranny. The late invention of the art of printing, the gradual increase of the relative number of readers, the discussion of religious questions in which an ap- peal was made to the Bible, did, however, gradually put the despots on the defensive, and tended to arouse a growing active party, who were inclined, in the disputes between the monarchs and the nobles, to make the best terms possible with one or the other, and so a new and strange contest for liberty arose. In the meantime, in many nations the prisons were full, and the most of the prisoners died of jail fever. In Russia, nine-tenths of the people were slaves ; in Denmark and Germany, and Prussia and Austria, and Italy and Spain, and France, it was but little better. Nor were these slaves well cared for. Their food was coarse and scanty ; their comforts embraced but little above the common animal grati- fications ; and the average length of life was not two- thirds as great as it is now in England and the United States. AMERICAN PROGRESS. 21 To this dark picture England formed the greatest exception. Though corruption prevailed Eiu:ope.^ ^^ in her politics ; though she was then use- lessly laying the foundation of her great national debt ; though her Parliament was but an imperfect representation of the public opinion ; yet speech was more free, law was more impartial, reli- gion was less restrained, and the government was more sensitive to the wishes of all classes of the peo- ple, than in any other great nation. She was then, as always, the freest nation in Europe — ^but very far behind what she is to-day. Now, how many centu- ries will roll away before right shall triumph over wrong, the divine right of tyrants shall be denied, the serfs of Russia shall be emancipated, the monarchies shall be shaken, written constitutions shall be wrested from the monarchs, and some of the largest nations of Europe shall be republics ? But for America this could not have been accomplished in five hundred years, perhaps never. But under the leadership of America it was to be accomplished in one hundred years, and the greatest name in all this stupendous revolution was to be the name given to that infant born in a Virginia farm-house in 1732, Geokge Washingtoit. Once more, then, let us return to him, and see how wonderfully Providence prepared a man for so stupendous a work. Of the childhood and youth 22 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. of Washington little is known. Every American «^M.^ :. :, hoy has heard the story of the hatchet Childhood and «^ ^ WasMngtoif. ^^^ ^^"^^ cherry tree, which by some is supposed to be a lie told in the interest of truth, reminding us of Mark Twain's interesting re- mark that in one respect he was superior to George Washington. Washington could not tell a lie, — but, said Twain, " I can, but won't I " In that he half represents nearly all Americans. "They can," but we fear, like Twain, would tell the greatest lie when they say " I won't." Washington was, however, truthful, bold, modest, chaste, temperate. His whole life, after he became a conspicuous object to the people, was never stained by a known immorality. It has been said of him traditionally that in two instances he swore vigor- ously, both times on the battle field, and Wendell Phillips expresses his gratification that Washington showed the common frailty of human nature in this way. Edward Everett, however, examines all the evidences and circumstances of the traditions, and pronounces the traditions unreasonable and untrue. It would seem strange that a man not accustomed to profanity should begin to practise it under such dif- ficult circumstances, but even if he had cursed some, we agree with Phillips in excusing him, but do not regard it as a wrong. It would not detract from our AMERICAN PROGRESS. .23 estimation of the man, for if ever a man could ever use properly strong Scriptural language in the full sense of the words, it would be when a battle was about to be lost by the cowardice or imbecility of an under officer. Still we doubt if Washington, even in such a temptation, swore. He was undoubtedly a man capable of wrath, and would have been a feeble man without it. But in a time of wrath he probably spoke as he was accustomed at other times to do. His education was accurate, but not extensive. He did not go to William and Mary College, the only one in the colony, probably because his father not living, he was needed at home, and he had good pri- vate tutors fully equal to the faculty of that young college. He had the advantage of the society of his uncle, a graduate of Oxford, and he gives evidence of having studied the English language carefully, and so much of mathematics as to make him an accomplished practical surveyor. At the early age of thirteen he had written out a series of rules on the conduct and character of a gentleman, and to this day it is not known whether they were original or compiled. In either case they show remarkable accuracy and forethought. Indeed, his system and adherence to strict propriety amounted to genius in that respect ; in that respect it was evi- dently supernormal. 24 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Three of the years that he might have spent in college he spent under equally severe discipline in the fields as a surveyor, keeping accurate notes of his work, and writing a journal of his proceedings. As soon as he arrived at manhood he had some severe discipline as a military officer against the Indians and the French, all of which we pass by, supposing that Americans are familiar with the story. Who has not heard of the Indian chief who met him after he had become famous, but before he was President, and exclaiming : " The Great Spirit must have saved you ! Three times I and my men aimed directly at your heart and fired, but the balls were turned aside." Washington, after attaining his majority, was elected and several times reelected to the Leg^islature of Virginia, till the American revolution broke out, and thus enjoyed the advantages of legislative edu- cation, than which we know of nothing better calculated to drill and develope a man's mental powers, especially if he be studious and industrious. In this way Washington obtained a thorough educa- tion. The great story of the American revolution can- The American ^^°* ^® condensed into a paragraph. Revolution, j^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ colonies demurred at be- ing required to give up their ancient privileges •, AMERICAN PROGRESS. 25 how they remonstrated at paying taxes to the mother country without being represented in her councils ; how calmly they protested ; how they insisted upon it that they desired only their ancient liberties, nothing additional, nothing new, and not separation from the old country ; how, finally, they were driven to arms by the rebellion of England, not by their own rebellion ; how, then, hired soldiers from other lands were sent to drive them into submission ; how they called upon Washington to be their commander ; and how reluctantly he accepted the post ; but how wonderfully he persevered for seven long years, the very embodiment of cool and unflinching energy ; and how, finally, the British arms being humbled and the greater part of their forces being annihilated, the wishes of the most liberal minority of her people were regarded, and America was declared indepen- dent, we shall not further describe. America had by this time nearly three million of people, but at the close of the war their Condition of , , , i n i j^ America after movable property was nearly all destroy- the Revolution. r r j j j ed, nearly every family had lost a member in battle, in many families all the men had perished, the different colonies were loaded with debts that it seemed thej^ could never pay ; the soldiers went home half-clad and with only paper money in their pockets, which was soon not worth five cents on a 26 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. dollar ; and to complete their sorrows, not yet con- solidated into a nation, but dissevered, and perhaps soon to be discordant states, without even a common dependence or a common government to hold them together. When the noble fifty-six signed the Declaration of Independence, one of them who sat next to Franklin turned to him and said : " Mr. Franklin, we must hang together now." " Yes, " said Franklin, we must hang together, or we will hang separately ! " It seemed after the Revolutionary war that the states who had so nobly hung together during the war, were doomed to hang separately in the time of peace. We doubt whether an eminent statesman in Europe then thought it possible that these struggling states, notwithstanding England had withdrawn its forces, would ever crystallize into a nation ; or if so it would be a monarchy. Indeed Washington was besought to declare himseltla dictator and assume the place of a king. The army was ready to obey him. The offer was deliberately and formerly made. Here was exhibited that trait of character in Wash- ington which has most astonished the "Washington ^ , i i • i i refused to worid, and which has seemed to some al- ba King. most supernatural and has placed the name of Washington highest on the roll of fame. Washing- ton refused to be a monarch! Not from fear of AMERICAN PROGRESS. 27 trouble ; not from a want of the appreciation of the luxury of power, but from pure principle. In this he was the highest and noblest embodiment of the true American idea. In perfect keeping with this same principle, he was reluctant to be President when the Con- Refused a third ,., ,. i j i i ^ na term of the stitution was adopted and such an omcer Presidency. was required. He was more reluctant to serve the second four years, and no amount of solicitation could induce him to serve a third term. This example is ten fold more sacred than any words in the written Constitution ! He was American enough to perceive that the nation that can select only one man for its chief officer, is not a true Repub- lic, and he gracefully retired to private life. So let it be forever with all our Presidents. At this time he was the most honored man in the world. But had he been President for life, his name would have sunk to a level with ordinary successful chiefs. His name is now known not only in America and Europe, but throughout the vast empires of the Orient and in the wilderness of Africa. The public opinion of the world has been well summed up by one of England's most eloquent orators. Lord Brougham, in these words : " This is the consummate glory of Washington ; a triumphant warrior, where the most sanguine had 28 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. a right to despair; a successful ruler in all the diffi- culties of a course wholly untried : but Lord Broug- on^a^MiS ^ warrior whose sword only left its sheath °^* when the first law of our nature command- ed it to be drawn ; and a ruler who, having tasted of supreme power, gently and unostentatiously de- sired that the cup might pass from him, nor would suffer more to wet his lips than the most solemn and sacred duty to his country and his God required." " It will be the duty of the Historian and the Sage in all ages to let no occasion pass of commemorating this illustrious man ; and until time shall be no more, a test of the progress our race has made in wisdom and virtue will be derived from the veneration paid to the immortal name of Washington." What a tribute is this for one of England's most celebrated statesmen to pay to the leader of the na- tion that won its independence of England by arms ! If now it be asked what renders Washington so great, much discrimination is needed to frame a re- Intellectually he was not preeminent. He was care- ful, methodical, accurate in his observa- ciiaractS\°^ ^ tion of men and things, and familiarized himself with the sources of power in the kinds of employments to which he was called. He was a skilful farmer, perhaps the best at that time in AMERICAN PROGRESS. 29 America. He was a shrewd legislator, especially in the committee room. He was decided in his con- victions, but courteous in their enforcement. His letters and state papers show a correctness of expres- sion, characteristic of an accurate thinker. As a military officer, though sometimes defeated, and seldom winning decisive victories, he confessedly displayed wonderful power in organizing his forces, small or large, and in baffling the purposes of the enemy. But his chief excellences were rather moral than intellectual. His transparent integrity, his self-ab- negation, his unyielding firmness, his conciliatory manner, his power to select good advisers, and to re- pel the turbulent and ambitious, showed him fit- ted by Providence to fulfil the demands of America in the most momentous hour of her destiny. He stands alone, the most conspicuous and the most honored leader of the XVIHth century, and unsur- passed in any century or any nation of the world. And yet it is possible to regard Washington idola- trously and foolishly and most unworthily should not be for an American. Washing-ton's ffreat ■worshipped. _ _ . mission was to lead a revolution which was to break down the foolish practice of man-wor- ship, which culminates in voluntary submission to despotism. We dishonor him most when we worship 30 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. him or unduly clothe him with a splendor woven by our own fancy. Washington did not make this country, nor alone did he save it. He performed his part, a noble part, but others also did theirs. We are not the worthy citizens of a republic if we wor- ship Washington. It should be remembered that our Revolutionary War was not a rebellion on our part, but should wor- a war to maintain old privilep^es, and if a ship only God. ^ rebellion at all, it was on the part of Eng- land. England it was that broke the compact. Freedom was planted here in the early part of the XVIIth century. Washington was not the first to rise in defence of endangered liberties. Others arose and debated and pleaded and finally called upon him to be the military leader in defence of ancient rights. Others did the legislation and furnished the sinews of war and aided in the actual contest. Others framed the Constitution and organized the nation, he, indeed, giving them the aid of his counsel and influence. It was America that conquered and rose before the world in her majesty — not Washing- ton. He was too honest to claim more than belonged to him, and we honor him most when we accord to him all, and only all, of his high desert. A great modern statesman has said that we should do better to imitate the patriotic fathers than to AMERICAN PROGRESS. 31 eulogize them. Imitate their good qualities indeed we should, but the greatest incentive to imitation is healthy commendation ; indiscriminate eulogy and fulsome flattery are both characteristic of weakness and senility, but a clear admiration of the good stimulates to like goodness. There have been and are many Americans as pure and patriotic as Wash- ington, Franklin, and Otis, and Henry and Lee, the Adamses, Jeiferson, Jackson, Taylor and Lincoln, and many who have acted as judges and legislators, and thousands not permitted to make their names familiar as household words, have been as devoted to justice and liberty as he. His greatest glory is that he is the best and finest impersonation of the typical American idea of manhood ! His day was not free from contentions and party spirit, and corruption and selfishness and the neces- sary resistance to evil. Nor is our day free from these ; but now, as then, right is triumphing over wrong, and hope rather than despair takes the helm of State. Happy was it for the world that when this conti- nent was opened to civilized men, a people were ready to be organized out of the leading nations of Europe, not to respect the failures of the past, but to embody in concrete form the ripest results of States- manship and Christianity. Crudely it may be, feebly, 32 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. and to some extent falsely, the experiment began ; but the good predominated over the evil, and the re- sult was a new growth. There was never a Republic in the modern sense before. Greece was an aristocracy or bundle of aristocracies, — the great mass of the people of the same color and race being slaves. Rome and the republics of mediaeval times were simply free cities governed by aristocracies. America is a con- federation of republics into one sovereign Republic. It could not have been born till Christianity had raised up a proper people. It has now completed the first century after its consolidation, actually it has had a history of more than two centuries and a half, for there has never been anything but a republican form of government among the whites of North America. During the whole of these two centuries and a half it has had but one foreign war for conquest, and then gracefully gave up the most it had won, and has never been overcome in any contest. In this century Great Britain has had eight for- eign wars, France nine, Russia thirteen, European q ^ 5 ? Sw^stnonePi'^ssia six, and all the great nations of ^ ^^^" Europe about as many, the United States of America has had only two. The most of the States of Europe have been engaged in foreign war from twenty to fifty years in this century; the United AMERICAN PROGRKSS. S3 States only six years. Every nation in Europe has been defeated at least once in this century and lost territory by war, the United States has never been defeated and never lost territory by war or in any other way. She has gained, mostly by purchase, far more than half of the territory over which her flag now floats. All the nations of Europe have had re- bellions during this last hundred years, some as many as eight or nine; — the United States has, indeed had one, — a stupendous rebellion, which per- haps could not have been avoided, but the result of which is to enlarge the domain of freedom and to demonstrate that the strongest of all governments is that which but expresses the will of the people. Riots are comparatively unknown, revolutions are not attempted ; there is nothing to flght for when all imaginary improvements may be tested constitution- ally so soon as a respectably large portion of the peo- ple desire the experiment. We do not deny that there are many evils among us, — but we do deny that the form of gov- vice Reform emment is responsible for them. They needed. are the evils of ignorance, of intemper- ance, of licentiousness, of a greed for wealth and honor, — all of which exist in all nations, whatever the form of government. Republicanism, resting on the choice of the people, tends to develop responsi- 3 34 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. bility and self-control and ability to contend against these evils. Americans have been nearly over-flooded with immigrants who have been attracted to the plenty and license of the land. Many of the evils of assimilation are temporary. Free speech and party spirit, as when some liquids are purified by boiling, bring all the corruption to the surface. Those who only look at the outside are appalled at the appear- ance. Some evils have so sweet a taste that it is hard to give them up — like our present system of ap- pointing the incumbents of many civil offices, but a Civil Service Reform will yet prevail. Education and art are not cultivated as rapidly and as thoroughly as their devotees desire, but where on the round earth to-day more than in America? Religious teachers are sometimes discouraged, but where are they more respectfully listened to than here ? And can they not see that compulsory reli- gion is not religion, compulsory morality is immor- ality? God himself seems to ask nothing higher and better than the impartial presentation of good and evil, and then let men choose and receive the conse- quences I This is the quintessence of freedom ! This is the central idea of Republicanism. Let then the celebration of this centennial of the great republic deepen our faith in liberty, and inten- sify our devotion to the common welfare of man. AMERICAN PROGRESS. 35 Julius Csesar, at the head of conquering hosts car- ried the Roman eagle to far off lands, w^iL^Napc?" writing a glowing history of his own ex- leon, and . i t t^ i . Washington ploits, and returning, crossed the Rubicon? compared. planted his victorious standards on their native soil, and debauched his country's liberty, and when the crown was offered him by his foolish flat- terers would not decidedly resist the temptation, and justly fell, stabbed by the desperate defenders of their country's rights. Cromwell relieved his country of despotism, but dispersed a Parliament, made him- self a perpetual Protector or despot, and sought to transmit his power to an imbecile son. Napoleon, in spite of the example of Washington, having astonished the world by supernatural military and executive genius, vainly endeavored to resist the envious com- bination of abler despotisms against his new empire, and justly fell, and ended his days in exile. But Wash- ington alone resisted the seductive temptation of ab- solutism, appreciating the rights of a people, carried out the teaching of the highest authority: "He that loseth his life for my sake " for the sake of truth and right, shall find it. He has found it. Highest on the pyramid of fame his name is chiselled, by his grateful countrymen, and confirmed by universal applause; and a century hence, yes, a thousand centuries hence, no name will be found above the name of Washington. 36 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. A century's experiment of a free government, con- firms the wisdom of the founders of the Republic, and sets at naught the j)i^edictions of its founders ; having emerged from every struggle with a record untarnished, and won the confidence and respect of the civilized world. In growth, we may say unparalleled, its population at the organization of the government in 1789, was 3,929,827. By the census of 1870, it had increased to 38,547,229. Our territorial area has increased since the nation's birth from thirteen original states, bordering on the Atlantic, embracing 815,615 square miles, until it has spanned the Continent, forming a mighty Re- public from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and now embraces thirty-eight states and ten territories, with an area of 3,678,392 square miles, and includes terri- tory formerly belonging to the dominions of England, France, Spain, Sweden, Holland, and Russia. Equally rapid strides have been made in extending our commercial relations at home and abroad. The first successful application of steam to navigation in 1807, has so multiplied that palatial steamers may be seen upon every important river and bay. The first steamer to make the trans-Atlantic voyage was in 1819, and they are now numbered by hundreds. The commerce of the United States stands second among the nations of the world. Our imports in AMERICAN PROGRESS. 37 1870 reached upwards of $315,000,000, and exports for the same year amounted to more than 1^254,000,000. The first steam railway went into operation in 1827, and have since extended their lines until they span the continent from shore to shore with a total length of 72,623 miles. The electric telegraph was first introduced in 1844, and there are now 75,187 miles in use. The resources of the country in agricultural pro- ducts, and the mechanical arts, stimulated by the in- ventive talent and genius of its people, have wonder- fully developed. In referring to the inventive genius of America, Mr. Charles Reade, a writer of whom England may be justly proud, says : " Europe teems with the material products of American genius. American patents print English newspapers, and sew English- men's shirts. A Briton goes to his work by Ameri- can clocks, and is warmed by American stoves. . . . In a word, America is the leading nation in all matters of material invention and construction, and no other nation rivals or approaches her." In 1836, Congress authorized the appointment of a Commissioner of Patents, which with one assistant was all the help necessary to meet the requirements of the Patent Ofiice. Now a force of nearly 400 are employed, and issue nearly 20,000 patents annually, while the accumulation of models is so great as to 38 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. demand for their accommodation one of the largest public buildings in the world. We may justly point with pride to our educational, religious, charitable, and humane institutions. It is not the design of this article to enter into details, and while we recapitulate some of these great triumphs in the past, we are not content much of the time to look backward. America is still one of the youngest nations of the world. We have no fellow- ship with those countries whose chief glory is ex- humed from the ruins of centuries and milleniums that are past. Our motto is Onward ! We welcome other nations that are rapidly adopting our principles of popular liberty, public education and political equality. We bid them welcome to the peaceful contest for the highest honors of the centuries to come. The past is secure. What shall be the future? In 1976 the custom of hereditary office holding will be obsolete, and all civilized nations will be practi- cally republics. All will be confederated, and wars will be infrequent. Temptations to crime will be lessened, but criminals will be more surely if less severely punished. The English language will pre- vail over all North America, as well as in other large portions of the world. Many new editions of this book, or of others of the same kind, will have been published; and there will even then, as now, be AMERICAN PROGRESS. 39 croakers complaining that the present days are not as good as the former, and also men of faith and hope and enthusiasm, looking for better days to come. Read, then, and be happy, for intelligence is an es- sential element of genuine American citizenship. E. O. H. 40 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 41 IMPORTANT EVENTS OF AMERICAN HISTORY PRIOR TO THE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. 860 Iceland discovered by Noddod, an adventurous Northman, by accident, and called it Snowland. 864 Flokko attempts to plant a colony on the island (Ice- land) : he returns to Norway, after spending the win- ter and spring, and pronounces it unfit for habitation. 874 Iceland settled by a colony from Norway under Earl Ingloff, who sought refuge from tyranny at home. 985 Greenland discovered by Bjarni Herjulf of Norway. 1000 Newfoundland and Nova Scotia discovered by Leif. 1002 The Northman, Thorvald, sails for America. 1170 The Welsh claim the discovery of America by Madog. 1380 Nicolo Zei-o, a Venetian, sails for America. 1492 Oct. 12. Christopher Columbus discovered America. 1497 July 3. Labrador discovered by John and Sebas- tian Cabot. 1498 Coast of North America explored by Sebastian Cabot. 1499 Amerigo Vespucci visited South America. 1504 Amerigo Vespucci's narration of discovery published. 1507 The Western Continent first named America. 1512 April 6. Juan Ponce de Leon discovered Florida. 1519 The Gulf of Mexico explored by Francis de Garay. 1521 Fernando Cortez conquered Mexico. 1522 Magellen makes the first voyage round the world. 1534 June. Jaques Cartier discovered the St. Lawrence River. 1541 De Soto discovered the Mississippi River. 1365 Sept. 18. The Spaniards settled St. Augustine, Florida. 1602 May 24. Bartholomew Gosnold discovered Cape Cod. 42 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 1605 The French settled Port Royal, Nova Scotia. 1607 May 23. The English settled Jamestown, Virginia. 1608 July 3. The French under Champlain settled Quebec. 1609 Sept. 21. Henry Hudson discovered the Hudson River. 1614 The Dutch settled New York. 1616 Tobacco first cultivated in Virginia. 1620 Aug. Negro slavery commenced in the English Colonies, at Jamestown, Va. Dec. 21. Massachusetts settled at Plymouth. 1622 April 1. First Indian massacre in Virginia. 1623 New Hampshire settled at Dover. 1633 Oct. Connecticut settled at Windsor. 1634 April 6. Maryland settled at St. Mary's. 1636 Rhode Island settled at Providence by Roger Williams. Harvard College founded. 1637 The Pequod War. — Caused by the murderous depredations of this tribe against the Colonists of Connecticut. They were totally defeated, and those not slain were sold into captivity or joined other tribes. 1638 April. Delaware settled near Wilmington by Swedes. 1664 Sept. 8. New York became an English Province. . New Jersey settled at Elizabethtown. 1675 July 4. King Phillip's ^A/'ar commenced. — Caused by a combination of the New England tribes of Indians, with a view to exterminate the Whites. The most shocking barbarities were perpetrated until the death of their leader — Philip — by one of his own tribe in 1676. 1676 Bacon's Rebellion. — Caused by the tyranny of Governor Berkeley, of Va., and his refusal to protect the lives and property of the Colonists OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 43 from the Indian depredations. Public indignation was aroused, and, led by Nathaniel Bacon, were successful in securing the ends sought. 1680 Charlestown settled. 1682 Pennsylvania settled at Philadelphia. Aug. 31. Delaware granted to Wm. Penn by the Duke of York. 1686- Dec. 30. Andros arrived at Boston as Governor of New England. 1689 July 7. King William's War commenced. — Cause. — Upon the ascension of William and Mary to the throne of England, the Protestants of Mary- land demanded the Colonial management of the Territory. The Roman Catholics, after repeated struggles, were overthrown in the province which they had planted, and the Established Church of England became the religion of the province in 1692. 1690 Feb. 8. Schenectady burned by French and Indians. 1692 " Salem Witchcraft." 1697 Sept. 20. Close of King William's War, by the " Treaty of Eyswick." 1702 Queen Anne's War commenced. — Cause — Spain was in alliance with France against Eng- land. The troubles between England and Spain induced hostilities between the English Colony of South Carolina and the Spanish Province of Flor- ida. The English were victorious and gained possession of the territory by the treaty of Utrecht in 1713. 1710 Oct. 13. Port Royal, Nova Scotia, taken by the English. 1732 Feb. 22. Washington born in Westmoreland Coun- ty, Virginia. 44 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 1741 " The Negro Plot " in New York. 1744 King George's War commenced in America. — Cause — England under George II. was arrayed against France. In America, the struggle was carried on between the English and French Colon- ists for rights of territorial possession. Nothing definite was gained by the devastating land and naval warfare of four years. Peace was con- cluded by treaty at Aix-la-Chapelle, in 1748. 1745 June 28. The English captured Louisburg. 1748 Oct. 18. Close of King George's War by the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. 1753 Oct. 31. Washington sent with a letter from Gov. Dinwiddle, of Va. 1754 The French and Indian War commenced. — The alleged cause was the encroachments and hostile acts of the French, which resulted in the settlement of a long-disputed question between Eng- land and France for colonial supremacy in Amer- ica. England claimed the territory from the Atlantic to the Pacific by virtue of the discovery of the Atlantic Coast under Cabot. The French claimed the interior from the St. Lawrence, Ohio and Mississippi Rivers and their tributaries to the Gulf of Mexico, from their discovery by La Salle and other navigators. The English were victorious. 1755 June. The French expelled from Nova Scotia by Monckton. July 9. Braddock defeated at the battle of Monon- gahela. 1756 May 17. War declared against France by Great Britain. Aug. 14. Oswego taken by the French under Montcalm. OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 45 1757 Aug. 9. Fort Wm. Henry surrendered to Montcalm. 1758 July 6. Lord Howe kifled in a skirmish near Ti- conderoga. July 26. Amherst and Wolfe take Louisburg. 1759 The French abandoned Ticonderoga and Crown Point. July 25. Niagara surrendered to the English under Johnson. Sept. 18. Quebec surrendered to the English. 1760 April 28. The French attempted to recover Quebec. Sept. 8. Canada surrendered to the English. 1763 Feb. 10. Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain. 1765 March 8. Parliament passed the Stamp Act. Oct. 7. A Colonial Congress met at New York. 1766 March 18. Parliament repealed the Stamp Act. 1770 March 5. " The Boston Massacre." 1773 Dec. 16. Tea thrown overboard at Boston. 1774 March. Parliament passed the " Boston Port Bill." Sept. 5. " The First Continental Congress " met at Philadelphia. 1775 April 19. The Revolutionary War. First battle at Lexington. Causes — See Declaration of Independence. 1776 July 4. The Independence of the United States of America declared. For list of battles, see Ta- ble of Contents. 1778 Feb. 6. France acknowledges the Lidependence of America. Treaty of Alliance of the United States with France. 1779 Sept. 23. Paul Jones' naval battle off the coast of England. 1781 July 10. French fleet arrived at Newport, R.L Oct. 2. Execution of Major Andre at Tappan, N.Y. 1781 Oct. 19. Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown. 46 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 1782 Nov. 30. Preliminary articles of peace signed at Paris. 1783 April 19. Cessation of hostilities proclaimed Jn the American army. July 11. British evacuated Savannah, Georgia. Sept. 3. Definitive treaty of peace signed at Paris. Nov. 3. American army disbanded. Nov. 25. British evacuated New York. Dec. 23. Washington i esigns his commission. 1784 The Tenth Continental Congress met at Trenton. 1785 John Adams first Minister to England. 1786 Shay's Rebellion in Massachusetts. 1787 Sept. 11. Constitution of the United States adopt- ed by the Convention of Delegates at Philadel- phia. 1788 Cotton first planted in Virginia. For the leading events of each succeeding year, see each administration. THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. A RESOLUTION of the Congress of the United Colonies was passed June 11, 1776, appointing a committee of five to draft a Decharation — consist- ing of Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, Robert R. Livingston. Thursday, July 4, 1776. Agreeable to the order of the day. Congress resolved itself into a Committee of the Whole to consider the Declaration, President John Hancock of Mass., in the chair. The Secretary, Benj. Har- rison of Va., reported that the committee had agreed upon a Declaration ; which was read and adopted as follows : — When, in the coarse of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect for the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. 47 ^^ NATIONAL HAim-BOOK. We hold these truths to be self-evident : —that all men are created equal ; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights ; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of hap- piness ; that to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed ; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long estab- lished should not be changed for light and transient causes ; and accordingly all experience hath sliown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government and to provide new guards for their future security Such has been the patient sufferance of these col- onies; and such is now the necessity which con Btrains them to alter their former system of govern- DEOLAEATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 49 ment. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpa- tions, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world. He has refused his assent to laws the most whole- some and necessary for the public good. He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained ; and, when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. He has refused to pass other laws for the accom- modation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the legislature — a right inestimable to them, and formidable to tyrants only. He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the deposi- tory of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing, with manly firmness, his invasions on the right of the people. He has refused, for a long time after such disso- lutions, to cause others to be elected ; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have 50 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. returned to the people at large for their exercise ; the State remaining, in the mean time, exposed to all the danger of invasion from without and convul- sions within. He has endeavored to prevent the population of these States ; for that purpose obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners, refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the conditions of new appropriations of lands. He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers. He has made judges dependent on his will alone for the tenure of their offices and the amount and payment of their salaries. He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers, to harrass our people and eat out their substance. He has kept among us, in times of peace, stand- ing armies, without the consent of our legislatures. He has affected to render the military indepen- dent of and superior to the civil power. He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution and unac- knowledged by our laws ; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation, — DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 51 For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us : For protecting them, by a mock trial, from pun- ishment for any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these States : For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world : For imposing taxes on us without our consent : For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury : For transporting us beyond seas, to be tried for pretended offences : For abolishing the free system of English law in a neighboring province, establishing therein an arbi- trary government, and enlarging its boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these colonies : For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of our government : For suspending our own legislatures, and declar- iug themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. He has abdicated government here by declaring us out of his protection, and waging war against us He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, 62 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. burned our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people. He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries, to complete the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun, with circum- stances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation. He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands. He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruc- tion of all ages, sexes, and conditions. In every stage of these oppressions we have peti- tioned for redress in the most humble terms ; our petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. !N^or have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have warned them, from time to time, of attempts made by their legislature to exfpnd an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We DECLAEATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 53 have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them, by the ties of our common kin- dred, to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspon- dence. They, too, have been deaf to the voice of justice and consanguinity. We must therefore acquiesce in the necessity which denounces our sep- aration, and hold them, as we hold the rest of man- kind, enemies in war — in peace, friends. We, therefore, the representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name and by the authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and declare that these United Col- onies are, and of good right ought to be, free and independent States ; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved ; and that, as free and independent States, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alli- ances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which independent States may of right do. And for the support of this declaration, with a 54 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. Signed by order and in behalf of the Congress, JOKN" HANCOCK, President Attested, Chaeles Thompson, Secretary, NEW HAMPSHIEB. Josiah Bartlett, William Whipple, Matthew Tnornton. MASSAOHUSETTS BAT. Samuel Adams, John Adams, Robert Treat Paine, Eldridge Gerry. EHODE ISLAND, ETC. Stephen Hopkins, William EUery. CONNECTICUT. Roger Sherman, Samuel Huntington, William Williams, Oliver Wolcott. NEW YOEK. William Floyd, Philip Livingston, Francis Lewis, Lewis Morris. NEW ji:esey. Richard Stockton, John Witherspoon, Francis Hopkinson, John Hart, Abraham Clark. PENNSYLVANIA. Robert Morris, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, John Morton, George Clymer, James Smith, George Taylor, James Wilson, George Ross. DELAWAEK. Caesar Rodney, George Read, Thomas M'Kean. MAEYLAND. Samuel Chase, William Paca, Thomas Stone, Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, VIEGINIA. George Wythe, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jeflerson, Benjamin Harrison, Thomas Nelson, jr., Francis Lightfoot Lee, Carter BraxtOD. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 55 NORTH OAEOLINA. ThoDias Hey Ward, jr., William Hooper, T^r^\J^^i'5?^; J""*' Joseph Hew^, ^^^^ Middleton. John Penn. geoegia. BOITTH OAllOLINA. ?^*^^^ GwiDIiett, Lyman Hall, Edward Rutlcdge, George Walton, OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 67 HISTORY OF THE CONFEDERATION OF THE COLONIES. The first steps toward the organization of the United States of America dates back to an assembly of Delegates from the several North American Colo- nies, which met at Carpenter's Hall, Philadelphia, Sept. 5th, 1774, and styled themselves a Congress. Its object was to discuss the grievances of Great Britain, and to enact measures for self-protection. Each Colony was entitled to one vote. The Confed- eration constantly gained in strength and in public confidence. British aggressions became intolerable ; and, July 2d, 1774, the Continental Congress re- solved " That these United Colonies are and of right ought to he Free and Independeyit States^^' &c. ; and on Thursday, July 4th, 1776, the Declaration of In- dependence was agreed upon, and read to the public July 8th. On the 9th of Sept., 1776, by resolution of Congress, the words " United Colonies " was changed to '' The United States of America.'' The Articles of Confederation and perpetual un- ion of the United States of America was agreed to November 15th, 1777, subject to the ratification of the several State Legislatures, the last of which rat- ified the same March 1st, 1781, 58 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION AND PER- PETUAL UNION OF THE STATES. To all loJiom these Presents shall come, We, the undersigned Delegates of the States affixed to our names, send greet'mg : — Whereas, the Delegates of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, did, on the 15th day of November, in the Year of our Lord, 1777, and in the Second Year of the Inde- pendence of America, agree to certain Articles of Confedera- tion and Perpetual Union between the States of New Hamp- shire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantar tions, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, in the words following, viz. : " Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union between the States of New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. Article 1. The style of this Confederacy shall be " The United States of America." Article 2. Each State retains its sovereignty, freedom and independence, and every power, juris- diction and right, which is not by this confederation expressly delegated to the United States in Congress assembled. Article 3. The said States hereby severally enter into a firm league of friendship with each other, for their common defence, the security of their liberties, and their mutual and general welfare, bind- ing themselves to assist each other against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them, or any of OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 59 them, on account of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any other pretense whatever. Article 4. The better to secure and perpetuate mutual friendship and intercourse among the people of the different States in this Union, the free inhab- itants of each of these States — paupers, vagabonds, and fugitives from justice excepted — shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of free citizens in the several States ; and the people of each State shall have free ingress and regress to and from any other State, and shall enjoy therein all the privileges of trade and commerce, subject to the same duties, im- positions and restrictions, as the inhabitants thereof respectively, provided that such restriction shall not extend so far as to prevent the removal of property, imported into any State, to any other State of which the owner is an inhabitant ; provided, also, that no imposition, duties or restriction shall be laid by any State on the property of the United States, or either of them. If any person guilty of, or charged with treason, felony, or other high misdemeanor in any State, shall flee from justice, and be found in any of the United States, he shall, upon demand of the Governor, or executive power of the State from which he fled, be delivered up and removed to the State having jur- isdiction of his offense. 60 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK Full faith and credit shall be given in each of these States, to the records, acts, and judicial pro- ceedings of the courts and magistrates of every other State. Article 5. For the more convenient manage- ment of the general interest of the United States, Delegates shall be annually appointed, in such man- ner as the Legislature of each State shall direct, to meet in Congress on the first Monday in November, in every year, with a power reserved to each State to recall its Delegates, or any of them, at any time within the year, and to send others in their stead, for the remainder of the year. No State shall be represented in Congress by less than two, nor by more than seven, members ; and no person shall be capable of being a Delegate for more than three years in any term of six years ; nor shall any person, being a Delegate, be capable of holding any office under the United States, for which he, or another for his benefit, receives any salary, fees or emolument of any kind. Each State shall maintain its own Delegates in any meeting of the States, and while they act as members of the Committee of the States. In determining questions in the United States in Congress assembled, each State shall have one vote. OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 61 Freedom of speech and debate in Congress shall not he impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Congress, and the members of Congress shall be protected in their persons from arrests and im- prisonments, during the time of their going to and from, and attendance on Congress, except for trea- son, felony, or breach of the peace. Article 6. No State, without the consent of the United States in Congress assembled, shall send an embassy to, or receive an embassy from, or enter into any conference, agreement, alliance or treaty with any King, Prince or State ; nor shall any per- son holding any office of profit or trust under the United States, or any of them, accept of any present, emolument, office or title of any kind whatever from any King, Prince, or Foreign State ; nor shall the United States in Congress assembled, or any of them, grant any title of nobility. No two or more States shall enter into any treaty, confederation, or alliance whatever between them, without the consent of the United States in Congress assembled, specifying accurately the purposes for which the same is to be entered into, and how long it shall continue. No State shall Iq>j any imposts or duties which may interfere with any stipulations in treaties en- tered into by the United States in Congress assem- 62 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK bled, with any King, Prince or State, in pursuance of any treaties already proposed by Congress, to the Courts of France and Spain. No vessels of war shall be kept up in time of peace by any State, except such number only, as shall be deemed necessary by the United States in Congress assembled, for the defence of such State, or its trade ; nor shall any body of forces be kept up by any State, in time of peace, except such number only, as in the judgment of the United States in Con- gress assembled, shall be deemed requisite to garrison the forts necessary for the defence of such State ; but every State shall always keep up a well regulated and disci j)lined militia, sufficiently armed and accou- tered, and shall provide and have constantly ready for use, in public stores, a due number of field 23ieces and tents, and a proper quantity of arms, ammunition, and camp equipage. No State shall engage in any war without the consent of the United States in Congress assembled, unless such State be actually invaded by enemies, or shall have received certain advice of a resolution be- ing formed by some nation of Indians to invade such a State, and the danger is so imminent as not to ad- mit of a delay till the United States in Congress as- sembled can be consulted : nor shall any State grant commissions to any ships or vessels of war, nor letters OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 63 of marque or reprisal, except it be after a declaration of war by the United States in Congress assembled, and then only against the Kingdom or State, and the subjects thereof, against which war has been so de- clared, and under such regulations as shall be estab- lished by the United States in Congress assembled, unless such State be infested by pirates; in which case vessels of war may be fitted out for that occasion, and kept so long as the danger shall continue, or un- til the United States in Congress assembled shall de- termine otherwise. Article 7. When land forces are raised by any State for the common defence, allofQcers of, or under the rank of colonel, shall be appointed by the Legisla- tures of each State respectively, by whom such forces shall be raised, or in such manner as such State shall direct, and all vacancies shall be filled up by the State which first made the appointment. Article 8. All charges of war, and all other expenses that shall be incurred for the common de- fence or general warfare, and allowed by the United States in Congress assembled, shall be defrayed out of a common treasury, which shall be supplied by the several States, in proportion to the value of all land within each State, granted to or surveyed for any per- son, as such land and the buildings and improvements thereon shall be estimated according to such mode 64 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK as the United States in Congress assembled shall, from time to time, direct and appoint. The taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the Legislatures of the several States within the time agreed upon by the United States in Congress assembled. Article 9. The United States in Congress assembled shall have the sole and exclusive right and power of determining on peace and wai, except m the cases mentioned in the 6th article — of sending and receiving ambassadors — entering into treaties and alli- ances, provided that no treaty of commerce shall be made whereby the Legislative power of the respective States shall be restrained from imposing such imposts and duties on foreigners as their own people are subjected to, or from prohibiting the exportation or importation of any species of ^oods or commodities whatsoever — of establishing rules for deciding in all cases what captures on land or water shall be legal, and in what manner prizes taken by land or naval forces in the service of the United States shall be divided or appropriated — of granting letters of marque and reprisal in times of peace — appointing courts for the trial of piracies and felonies committed on the high seas and establishing courts for receiving and determining finally, appeals in all cases of cap- tures, provided that no member of Congress shall be appointed a judge of any of the said courts. OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 65 The United States in Congress assembled shall also be the last resort on appeal in all disputes and differences now subsisting, or that hereafter may arise, between two or more States concerning boun- dary, jurisdiction, or any other cause whatever ; which authority shall always be exercised in the manner following : — Whenever the legislative or ex- ecutive authority or lawful agent of any State in controversy with another shall present a petition to Congress, stating the matter in question and praying for a hearing, notice thereof shall be given by order of Congress, to the Legislative or Executive authority of the other State in controversy, and a day assigned for the appearance of the parties by their lawful agents, who shall then be directed to appoint, by joint consent, commissioners or judges to con- stitute a court for hearing and determining the mat- ter in question ; but if they cannot agree. Congress shall name three persons out of each of the United States, and from the list of such persons each party shall alternately strike out one, the petitioners be- ginning, until the number shall be reduced to thir- teen ; and from that number not less than seven, nor more than nine names, as Congress shall direct, shall in the presence of Congress be drawn out by lot; and the persons whose names shall be so drawn, or any five of them, shall be commissioners or judges, to hear and finally determine the controversy, so always 5 66 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK as a major part of the judges who shall hear the cause shall agree in the determination : and if either party shall neglect to attend at tlie day appointed, without showing reasons which Congress shall judge sufficient, or being present shall refuse to strike, the Congress shall proceed to nominate three persons out of each State, and the Secretary of Congress shall strike in behalf of such party absent or refusing; and the judgment and sentence of the court to be ap- pointed, in the manner above prescribed, shall be final and conclusive; and if any of the parties shall refuse to submit to the authority of such court, or to appear or defend their claim or cause, the court shall nevertheless proceed to pronounce sentence or judg- ment, which shall in like manner be final and deci- sive, the judgment or sentence and other proceed- ings being in either case transmitted to Congress, and lodged among the acts of Congress for the secu- rity of the parties concerned : provided that every commissioner, before he sits in judgment, shall take an oath, to be administered by one of the judges of the Supreme or Superior Court of the State where the cause shall be tried, *' well and truly to hear and determine the matter in question, according to the best of his judgment, without favor, affection, or hope of reward : " provided, also, that no State shall be deprived of territory for the benefit of the United States. OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 67 All controversies concerning the private right of soil claimed under different grants of two or more States, whose jurisdictions, as they may respect such lands, and the States which passed such grants, are adjusted; the said grants or either of them being at the'same time claimed to have originated antecedent to such settlement of jurisdiction, shall on the peti- tion of either party to the Congress of the United States, be finally determined as near as may be in the same manner as is before prescribed for deciding disputes respecting territorial jurisdiction between different States. The United States in Congress assembled shall also have the sole exclusive right and power of regu- lating the alloy and value of coin struck by their own authority, or by that of the respective States— fixing the standard of weights and measures throughout the United States— regulating the trade and managing all affairs with the Indians, not members of any of the States ; provided that the Legislative right of any State within its own limits be not infringed or violat- ed — establishing or regulating post-offices from one State to another, throughout all the United States, and exacting such postage on the papers passing through the same as may be requisite to defray the expenses of the said office— appointing all officers of the land forces, in the service of the United States, 68 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK excepting regimental officers — appointing all the officers of the naval forces, and commissioning all officers whatever in the service of the United States — making rules for the government and regulation of the said land and naval forces, and directing their operations. The United States in Congress assembled shall have authority to appoint a committee, to sit in the recess of Congress, to be denominated " A Commit- tee of the States," and to consist of one Delegate from each State ; and to appoint such other commit- tees and civil officers as may be necessary for manag- ing the general affairs of the United States under their direction — to appoint one of their number to preside ; provided, that no person be allowed to serve in the office of President more than one year in any term of three years — to ascertain the necessary sums of money to be raised for the service of the United States, and to appropriate and apply the same for de- fraying the public expenses — to borrow money, or emit bills on the credit of the United States, trans- mitting every half year to the respective States an account of the sums of money so borrowed or emitted — to build and equip a navy — to agree upon the num- ber of land forces, and to make requisitions from each State fot- its quota, in proportion to the number of white inhabitants in such State ; which requisition OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 69 shall be binding, and thereupon the Legislatures of each State shall appoint the regimental officers, raise the men, and clothe, arm and equip them in a soldier- like manner, at the expense of the United States ; and the officers and men so clothed, armed and equip- ped shall march to the place appointed, and within the time agreed on by the United States in Congress assembled; but if the United States in Congress as- sembled shall, on consideration of circumstances, judge proper that any State should not raise men, or should raise a smaller number than its quota, and that any other State should raise a greater number of men than the quota thereof, such extra number shall be raised, officered, clothed, armed and equip- ped in the same manner as the quota of such State, unless the Legislature of such State shall judge that such extra number can not be safely spared out of the same ; in which case they shall raise, officer, clothe, arm and equip as many of such extra number as they judge can be safely spared. And the officers and men so clothed, armed and equipped shall march to the place appointed, and within the time agreed on by the United States in Congress assembled. The United States in Congress assembled shall never engage in a war, nor grant letters of marque and reprisal in time of peace, nor enter into any treat- ies or alliances, nor coin money, nor regulate the value 70 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK thereof, nor ascertain the sums and expenses neces- sary for the defence and welfare of the United States, or any of them, nor emit bills, nor borrow money on the credit of the United States, nor appropriate money, nor agree upon the number of vessels of war to be built or purchased, or the number of land or sea forces to be raised, nor appoint a commander-in-chief of the army or navy, unless nine States assent to the same : nor shall a question on any other point, except for adjourning from day to day, be determined, unless by the votes of a majority of the United States in Congress assembled. The Congress of the United States shall have power to adjourn to any time within the year, and to any place within the United States, so that no period of adjourn- ment be for a longer duration than the space of six months, and shall publish the Journal of their pro- ceedings monthly, except such parts thereof relating to treaties, alliances, or military operations, as in their judgment require secresy ; and the yeas and nays of the Delegates of each State on any question shall be entered on the Journal, when it is desired by any delegate ; and the Delegates of a State, or any of them, at his or their request, shall be furnished with a tran- script of the said journal, except such parts as are above excepted, to lay before the Legislature of the several States. 01^' AMERICAN PROGRESS. 71 Article 10. The Committee of the States, or any nine of them, shall be authorized to execute, in the recess of Congress, such of the powers of Congress, as the United States in Congress assembled, by the consent of nine States, shall from time to time think expedient to vest them with ; provided, that no power be delegated to the said committee, for the exercise of which, by the Articles of Confederation, the voice of nine States in the Congress of the United States assem])led is requisite. Article 11. Canada, acceding to this Confeder- ation, and joining in the measures of the United States, shall be admitted into, and entitled to, all the advant- ages of this Union ; but no other Colony shall be admitted into the same, unless such admission be agreed to by nine States. Article 12. All bills of credit emitted, moneys borrowed, and debts contracted by, or under the au- thority of Congress, before the assembling of the United States, in pursuance of the present Confeder- ation, shall be deemed and considered as a charge against the United States, for payment and satisfac- tion whereof the said United States and the public faith are hereby solemnly pledged. Article 13. Every State shall abide by the determinations of the United States in Congress as- sembled, on all questions which by this Confederation 72 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK are submitted to them. And the Articles of this Con- federation shall be inviolably observed by every State, and the union shall be perpetual ; nor shall any alteration at any time hereafter be made in any of them, unless such alteration be agreed to in a Con- gress of the United States, and be afterward con- firmed by the Legislatures of every State. And Whereas, It hath pleased the Great Governor of the World to incline the hearts of the Legislatures we respectively represent in Congress, to approve of, and to authorize us to ratify the said Articles of Confederation and perpetual union. Know ye that we, " the undersigned Delegates, by virtue of the power and authority to us given for that purpose, do by these presents, in the name and in behalf of our respective constituents, fully and entirely ratify and confirm each and every one of the said Articles of Con- federation and perpetual union, and all and singular the matters and things therein contained. And we do further solemnly plight and engage the faith of our respective constituents, that they shall abide by the determinations of the United States in Congress assembled, on all questions, which by the said Con- federation are submitted to them. And that the Ar- ticles thereof shall be inviolably observed by the States we respectively represent, and that the union shall be perpetual, hi witness whereof we have OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 73 hereunto set our hands in Congress. Done at Phila- delphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, the 9th day of July, in the Year of our Lord, 1778, and in the 3d year of the Independence of America. 74 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. We, the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defence, promote the general wel- fare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. ARTICLE I. § I. — All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Kepresenta- tives. § II. — 1. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several States ; and the electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislature. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 75 2. No person shall be a representative who shall wot have attained the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of the State in which he shall be chosen. 3. Representatives and direct taxes shall be appor- tioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, includ- ing those bonnd to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Con- gress of the United States, and within every subse- quent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least one representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three ; Massachusetts^ eight ; Rhode Island and Providence Plantations^ one ; Connecticut^ five ; New Yorh^ six ; New Jersey^ four ; Pennsylvania^ eight ; Dela- ware^ one ; Maryland^ six ; Virginia, ten ; North Carolina, five; South Carolina, five; Georgia, three 4. When vacancies happen in the representation 76 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. of any State, the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. 5. The House of Representatives shall choose their speaker and other oificers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. § III.— 1. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from each State, chosen by the legislature thereof, for six years ; and each senator shall have one vote. 2. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divi- ded, as equally as may be, into three classes. The seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one third may be chosen every second year ; and if vacancies happen, by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the legislature of any State, the execu- tive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. 3. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. H 4. The Yice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided. 5. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a president pro tempore in the absence of the Yice-President, or when he shall exercise the office of President of the United States. 6. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the chief justice shall preside ; and no person shall be con- victed without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. 7. Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extefld further than to removal from office, and dis- qualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States; but the party convicted shall, nevertheless, be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punisli- ment, according to law. § lY. — 1. The times, places, and manner of hold- ing elections for Senators and representatives shall be prescribed in each State by the legislature thereof; but the Congress may, at any time, by law, make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing senators. 78 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year ; and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law ap- jioint a different day. § Y. — 1. Each house shall be judge of the elec- tions, returns, and qualifications of its own members; and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business ; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide. 2. Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly be- havior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. 3. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceed- ings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the mem- bers of either house on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. 4. Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. § YT. — 1. The senators and representatives shall CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 79 receive a compensation for their services, to be ascer- tained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the United States. They shall, in all cases except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privi- leged from arrest during their attendance at the' session of their respective houses, and in going to or returning from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either house they shall not be questioned in any other place. 2. No senator or representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased, during such time ; and no person holding any office under the United States shall be a member of either house during his continuance in office. § yil._l. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Kepresentatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments, as on other bills. 2. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Kepresentatives and the Senate shall, before i-t becomes a law, be presented to the President of the United States ; if he approve, he shall sign it; but if not, he shall return it with his objections, to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall 80 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. enter the objections at large on tlieir journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsidera- ation, two thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to o o CM • P. .^c^ -> • ^ O O Ofl I tN ^ CO — o o o o o o o o E -2 c w Si 5 iJ5 o c* S 2 (M ^ (M b - ® c Si-^ cj in ^ c3 ■oo o o . . * • • 2 • : a '. ® . ;=; a) iU gig i- s S X MP Q i CO :1^^« 1 :■!« = § ^ 52§ fcl be S-O 2 s o ^ s s > "a 01 ;J t- O :^5 ^ ^: : c o :0^ &: a ^ o) mc5 '-5 OO HMO' fe^sa o : -/^ ^^. ^^2 c ' -0 „ ^ - -T- — -p G c JO iJ ■ o< cj a 1^ [V, ^ ti 2 o 1) *^ so M C9 O — V— y:CM ci cTrH o» iS S "^ts to -^^ ^ c^ -^^ 4- « J OQ cfi O o o o O OO BATTLES OF THE REVOLUTION. 139 .o O ? o-l CO 2j_ o o & (i o ooo o ooooo o coo o ooooo O 00<» O «00»OC5 ooo o ooo 0> O O O O O lO ooo CyD -^^j t- lO O O • O' O lO ■^ -^ 1-1 • -q- C5lO ^ CO " O, P .OO >> Jd I- o -< — o ^ ^ S 2 :|st : :Sc.S i5* — ' -t ■^4^ : :^S^ • M J- '-' s => • : o o ^ ^ . o 000- •^ O' CO CO o> 05 O O ( 1^0 • r-t •- n t^ -H 0/ c^ a Plill.lllfl^lllHm^^ -~ir».n. r> r"i5Mri.,'~i c_i rhc_i'-~i r^ t-. fk. & C-i '-> n ri 55 r- r -. :^ : : Mi = ^ :d *• &c - .Si - ■■- ^ ^ = " - S o C5C-' 2 22ts3 ^ • CO '< C ci I) 3 ^-i = a 5 OJ S So ^Cjd o . - 3 i3 c bo f^ ^ .S 5 2 ^ 5 d^ : •2 -zn ■5 . 5 -^ 5 "H ;^ a S i > 3 c3 2 5 „<" ^ rt -M > CAD ^T>~c>-/}a > i^sl '^''jt'-^ca H.Ji-31^ O cj SO . _.':r fcD Q o ^ Ott g' 1^ 6 ■tj fcn^ r. -^2 '-^ ^ t— ^ - t- - 0)2; Hj (M «) O^ > tb ij - -fl 3 3 = - u i2 l2 c^ib to 3 3 3 3 00 (^f o", r- (N " O] :_, ' 140 NATIOKAL fiA]!?D-B00K THE NAVY OF THE EEVOLUTION. In December, 1775, Congress passed an Act order- ing the building of thirteen vessels, three of 24 guns, five of 28, five of 32, with Ezekiel Hopkins as Com- mander-in-Chief, as follows : — Name. No. of guns. History. Hancock . . 32 Captured by the British in 1777. Congress . . 28 Destroyed in the Hudson River to avoid capture in 1777, never having been to sea. Montgomery. Delaware . . 28 24 Do do do. Captured in the Delaware River 1777. Randolph. . 32 Blown up in action with the British ship Yar- moath, 64 guns, in 1778. Washington . 32 Destroyed in the Delaware by the British, before getting to sea in 1778. Effingham . 28 Do do do. Raleigh . . 32 Captured by the British in 1778. Virginia . . 28 Captured by the British in 1778, off the capes of the Delaware, before getting to sea. Warren . . 32 Burned in the Penobscot River in 1779, to prevent falling into the enemy's hands. OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 141 Name. No of guns. History. Providence . 28 Seized by the British at the capture of Charles- ton, S. C, in 1780. Boston . . 24 Do do do. Trumbull. . 28 Captured by the British ship Watt, in 1781. Such is the story in brief of the " original thir- teen " vessels. Not one survived in the possession of the Colonies to the close of the war. About ten vessels of a force ranging from 24 guns down to 10, and two even smaller, were purchased and fitted out as cruisers, while the " thirteen " were building. The navy of the Revolution was disbanded at the close of the war ; the officers gave up their commis- sions; the few public vessels that remained were sold. Several of the States maintained small cruisers, with the consent of Congress. During the last year or two of the war, it had dwindled almost to nothing. This was in part due to the fact that its place was taken by the French. The assertion of sovereignty on the seas was not yet thought of, while indepen- dence on the land was not secured. The most remarkable naval engagement of the Revolution was fought off the coast of Scotland on the evening of Sept. 23d, 1779, between the Bon Homme Richard, of 40 guns, commanded by Paul Jones, and the Serapis, a British frigate of 44 guns, under Capt. Pearson. The Serapis surrendered with a loss of 150. The Richard lost 300 in killed and wounded, and while sinking the crew was transferred to the Serapis. — Cooper s Naval History of U. S. 142 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK SYNOPSIS OF LAWS PEETAINING TO SLAVEKY. Ordinances of 1787; pertained to the government of the teri'itoiy of the U. S., northwest of the Ohio River and prohibited shivery in said territory, and provided for the return of fugitives, to those claim- ing their service. Fugitive Slave Bill of 1793; provided for the return of fugitives from justice and persons escaping from the service of their masters, by requisition of the Governor of the State from whence they escaped, on the Governor of the State in which they may be found; and inflicts a penalty of a flne and imprison- ment for harboring, concealing or aiding in their escape. The Missouri Compromise Act of 1820; author- ized the people of the Missouri Territory to organize a State Government, on an equal footing with the original States, and prohibited slavery in certain ter- ritories. Fugitive Slave Bill of 1850 ; was amendatory of the law of 1793, and made it obligatory upon any justice of the peace, magistrate, marshal or deputy marshal, when called upon to enforce the law of 1793, under a penalty of ^1000, and commanded all good citizens to aid and assist in the prompt execu- tion of this law, whenever their services were re- quired. The Kansas-Nebraska Bill of 1857 ; upon the organization of those two territories, left it free for tlie people of every territory on becoming a State-^to adopt or reject slavery. The Dred Scott Decision. — See page 142. Emancipation Proclamation. — See page 333. NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 143 SLAVE POPULATION IN THE U. S. IN 1860. States. 1860. Alabama 435,132 Arkansas 111,104 Delaware 1,798 Florida 61,753 Georgia 462,230 Kentucky 225,490 Louisiana 332,520 Maryland 87,188 Mississippi 436,696 Missouri 114,965 States. ISOO, North Carolina 331,081 South Carolina 402,r)41 Tennessee 275,784 Texas 180,388 Virginia 490,887 Nebraska (Territory). 10 Utah " 29 New Mexico " 24 District of Columbia. 3,181 Total 3,952.801 STATISTICS OF SLAVERY BEFORE THE REVOLUTION. AMEBIC AN 8LAVEEY IN 1715. In the reign of George I., the ascertained popula- tion of the Continental Colonies was as follows : White Men. Negro Slave* New Hampshire 9,500 150 Massachusetts 94,000 2,000 Rhode Island 7,500 500 Connecticut 46,000 1,500 New York 27,000 4,000 Pennsylvania 43,800 2,500 New Jersey 21,000 1,500 Maryland 40,700 9,400 Virginia 72,000 28,000 North Carolina 7,500 3,700 South Carolina 6,250 10,500 Total 375,000 58,550 lU NA'ilO.NAL IlA^'i>-B•OOK FIRST ADMINISTRATION. George Washington. — The ancestors of George Wash- ington emigrated from England to Virginia, in 1657, and settled in Westmoreland County, on the banks of the Po- tomac. His father's name was Augustine, and he is said to have been a wealthy planter in the Old Dominion. He died April, 1743, leaving large possessions to be distributed among liis children. The maiden name of Washington's mother was Mary Ball, a lady of refined taste and noble character. Washington was born on the 2 2d of February, 1732. His early education was acquired under the immediate in- spection of his devoted mother, and such instructors as she saw fit to employ. At the age of sixteen he had completed OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 145 his studies, and was eager to enter upon a career of activity and usefulness. He would probably have been sent to England to com- plete his education, had his father lived ; for it was custom- ary among wealthy planters of the South to send their sons to Europe for this purpose. Had this been done, it might possibly have changed Wash- ington's whole career, and even seriously affected the destiny of the American nation. In his boyhood he was distinguished for his ardent love of military life ; and when only nineteen years of age, he was placed over a militia district, with the rank of major. His subsequent military career was eventful and thrilling in its character. In 1759 he was united in marriage to Mrs. Martha Custis, an accomplished lady of Welsh descent. At about this time, he was elected a member of the House of Burgesses, and evinced rare judgment and fidelity in the dis- charge of his duties. The second Continental Congress elected him Commander-in-Chief of the American Army, and he accepted the solemn trust with all the modesty and dignity of his great nature. Congress had already fixed the pay of the Commander-in- Chief at $6000 a year ; but, in accepting the position, Wash- ington showed that he was uninfluenced by mercenary mo- tives. He scorned the idea of making the position minister to his personal emolument. He distinctly assured the Con- gress that he would accept no remuneration, and would only ask that the expenses actually incurred in the service should be paid. " I do not wish," said he, " to make any profit out 10 146 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK of it." And when, in 1797, President Adams, anticipating war with France, called him once more to the command of the American Army, he reiterated the same sentiment. " I must decline," said he, " having my acceptance considered as drawing after it any immediate charge upon the public; or that I can receive any emolument annexed to the appoint- ment, before entering into a situation to incur expense." How generous and self-sacrificing the conduct of this great chieftain appears, especially when contrasted with the grasp- ing, self-seeking spirit of the present age ! On the 3d of July, 1775, he assumed command of the army at Cambridge, Mass. The evacuation of Boston by the British ; the trans- fer of the war to New York ; the masterly retreat through the Jerseys ; and the subsequent brilliant career of Washing- ton as a military leader, are familiar to all readers of history. In 1789 he was unanimously elected to the Presidency, and inaugurated amid great demonstrations of popular favor, on the 30th of April, 1789. In 1794 he was re-elected, and served the nation with the same fidelity and success that had so pre-eminently distin- guished his previous career. He died on the 14th of December, 1799, at Mount Ver- non. Distant nations were smitten with sorrow when he died, and wept with his own beloved nation, as her tears fell upon the grave of the citizen and soldier. " First in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen." John Adams, Vice-President. — For biographical sketch, see Second Administration. OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 147 Electoral Vote. — First Administration, \st Term. — • Under the Constitution as it then existed, each elector voted for two candidates ; the one receiving the highest number of votes was declared President, and the next highest Vice-Pres- ident. Ten States voting — Va., N. H., Mass., Conn., N. J., Pa., Del., Md., S. Ca., and Ga. Whole number of Electors, 69. N. Ca. and R. I. had not ratified the Constitution, and N. Y. had failed to make provisions for electors. George Washington, of Va., irrespective of party, received the unanimous vote, 69. John Adams, of Mass., 34, and was declared Vice-Presi- dent. John Jay, N. Y., 9. R. H. Harrison, Md., 6. John Rutledge, S. Ca., 6. John Hancock, Mass., 4. Geo. Clinton, N. Y., 3. Sam'l Huntington, Ct., 2. John Milton, Ga., 2. Jas. Armstrong, Ga., 1. Edw'd Telfair, Ga., 1. Benj. Lincoln, Mass., 1. Electoral Vote. — ^st Administration, 2d Term. — Fif- teen States voting — R. I. and N. Ca. having ratified the Con- stitution, and two new States had been admitted, Vt. and Ky. Whole number of Electors, 132. George Washington, of Va., for President, received 132 votes, and was declared unanimously elected. John Adams, of Mass., for Vice-President, received 77 votes. Geo. Clinton, N. Y., 50 ; Thos. Jefferson, Va., 4 ; Aaron Burr, N. Y., 1. 148 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK Important Events of First Administration. 1789 March 4. The first Congress under the Constitu- tion met in Federal Hall, Wall St., New York City ; James Langdon, N. H., Pres. pro tern, April 30. Geo. Washington took the oath of office as President, administered by Chancellor Liv- ingston. 1790 First census of U. S. taken— 3,929,326. The Register of the Treasury reported the estimated cost of the seven years' war at $135,000,000. April 17. Benjamin Franklin died, aged 84. 1791 United States Bank established, Philadelphia. March 4. Vermont admitted into the Union. 1792 June 1. Kentucky admitted into the Union. United States Mint established. 1793 Congress adopts the Fugitive Slave Bill. Coal mines discovered at Lehigh, Pa. 1794 Gen. Wayne defeats the Indians on the frontier. 1795 Jay's Treaty with Great Britain ratified. The Cotton-gin invented by Eli Whitney. 1796 June 1. Tennessee admitted into the Union. Sept. 17. Washington issues his Farewell Address. Cabinet Officers, 1st Administration — 1789 to 1797. Secretaries of State — Thomas Jefferson, Va. ; Edmund Randolph, Va. ; T. Pickering, Mass. Secretaries of Treasury — Alexander Hamilton, N. Y. ; Oliver Wolcott, Conn. Secretaries of War and N'aiy — Henry Knox, Mass. ; T. Pickering, Mass. ; James McHenry, Md. OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 149 Postmasters General — Sam'l Osgood, Mass. ; T. Picker- ing, Mass. ; Jos. Habersham, Ga. Attorneys- General — Edmund Randolph, Ya. ; Wm. Brad- ford, Pa. ; Charles Lee, Va. National Expenses and Debt, 1st Administration. Tear. Expenses. Debt. 1791 $ 7,207,539 $75,463,476 1792 9,141,569 77,227,924 1793 7,529,575 80,352,634 1794 9,302,124 78,427,404 1795 10,405,069 80,747,587 1796 8,367,776 83,762,172 Imports and Exports, 1st Administration. Year, Imports. Exports. 1790 $23,000,000 $20,205,156 1791 29,200,000 19,012,041 1792 31,500,000 20,753,098 1793 31,000,000 26,109,572 1794 34,600,000 33,026.233 1795 - - - - 69,756,268 47,989,472 1796 81,436,164 67,064,097 150 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK SECOND ADMINISTRATION. John Adams. — Second President of the United States, was born at Braintree, Mass., Oct. 19th, 1735. His an- cestry may be traced back to Henry Adams, who settled at Braintree, in 1640. His early educational advantaijes were of a very superior order. He was a good student and grad- uated at Harvard, 1755. He devoted himself for a time to teaching and to the study of law. and in Oct. 1758, was admitted to the bar as Attorney at Law. In 1764, he mar- ried Abigail Smith, whose ancestors were of Colonial fame. He became a prominent actor in the stirring events and scenes of the times. His first political step of any special significance was taken by the delivery of an address in op- OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 151 position to the Stamp Act of Great Britain. When the first outbreak at Lexington occurred, he joined the patriot forces in defending their liberties and lives. In 1774, he was chosen a member of the Continental Congress and honor- ably represented his constituents in that body. He had the honor of proposing George Washington as Commander-in- Chief of the American Army, and the proposal reflects great credit upon his judgment. He assisted in preparing the Declaration of Independence and bore an active part in the debate it occasioned. In Nov., 1777, he was appointed Minister to France. He was the first American Minister to Great Britain, being appointed in 1785. In 1788, he was elected to the office of Vice-President, and performed its duties with zeal and success. He was elected President in 1797, defeating Jefferson in the contest for that position. His administration was active and at first popular with the people, but was environed with difficulties of a perplexing character and closed amid the unscrupulous upbraidings of his political foes. Leaving Washington, he returned to the retirement of his quiet home, and there, with the grand sentiment of " Independence forever ! " breaking from his lips, he passed away, on the 4th day of July, 1826. Thomas Jefferson, Vice-President. — For biographical sketch, see Third Administration. 152 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK Electoral Vote, Second Administration. Sixteen States voting, Tennessee having been admitted during the First Adm. Whole number of Electors, 140. John Adams, of Mass., Federal, received 71 Electoral votes, and was declared President. Thomas Jefferson, of Va., Democrat, received 68 Elec- toral votes, and was declared Vice-President. Thomas Pinckney, S. Ca., 58 ; Aaron Burr, N. Y., 36. Samuel Adams, Mass., 15 ; Oliver Ellsworth, Conn., 11. George Clinton, of N. Y., 7 ; John Jay, of N. Y., 5. James Iredell, N. Ca., 3 ; Samuel Johnston, N. Ca., 2. George Washington, of Va., 2 ; John Henry, of Md., 2. Charles C. Pinckney, of S. Ca., 1. Important events of the 2d Administration. 1797 March 4. John Adams inaugurated President. Difficulties arise with France. Congress convened preparatory for war. 1798 George Washington appointed Commander-in-Chief of the American Armies, with the rank and title of Lieut.-General. — Alien and sedition laws passed Congress. The first gave power to the President to expel from the country aliens suspected of conspiring against the government. The sedition law was designed to suppress publications that were disloyal to the Republic. 1799 Dec. 14. Death of Washington, in his 68th year. OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 153 1799 Feb. Naval combat between the U. S. Frigate Con- stitution and the French frigate L'Insurgente, the latter captured. Feb. 26. Three Commissioners sent to negotiate peace with France. 1800 The Capital located at Washington. Sept. 30. Treaty of Peace concluded with France. Cabinet Officers, 2d Administration — 1797-1801. Secretaries of State — Timothy Pickering, Mass. ; John Marshall, Ya. Secretarifs of the Treaswy — Oliver Wolcott, Conn. ; Sam- uel Dexter, Mass. Secretaries of War — James McHenry, Md. ; Samuel Dex- ter, Mass. ; Roger Griswold, Conn. Secretaries of the Navy — George Cabot, Mass. ; Benjamin Stoddert, Md. Postmaster- General — Joseph Habersham, Ga. Attorney- General — Charles Lee, Va. National Expenses and Debt, 2d Administration. Year. Expenses. Debt. 1797 $ 8,626,012 $82,064,479 1798 8,613,507 79,228,529 1799 - - 11,077,043 78,408,669 1800 11,989,739 82,976,291 Imports and Exports, 2d Administration. Tear. Imports. Exports. 1797 $75,379,406 $56,850,206 1798 68,551,700 61,527,097 1799 - . - 79,089,148 78,665,522 1800 91,252,768 70,970,780 154 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK THIRD ADMINISTRATION. Thomas Jefferson. — Not least renowned among the historic characters of the American Republic, is Thomas Jef- erson, third President of the United States. He was born at Shadwell, Virginia, April 2d, 1743. His ancestors were of Welsh extraction. His father de- cided to give him a classical education, and sent him, as a student to William and Mary College. He was very studious and made rapid advancement ; at the end of two years left College and began the study of law. He pursued his legal studies for five years, and thus laid the foundation for that great skill and ability that distin- guished him as a counsellor and logician. In 1769, he was elected to the House of Burgesses, and OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 155 at once became an active and prominent member. In 1772, he was united in wedlock to Mrs. Martha Skelton, a lady of great personal worth and beauty. At about this time he was elected a member of Congress, and proved himself in every way worthy of the honor. He was chosen to prepare the immortal Declaration of Independence, which, after a stirring debate of three days, was adopted on the Fourth of July, 1776. He was elected Governor of Virginia, in 1779, and held the office for two years. In 1784, he was selected to negotiate with European Statesmen, upon the subject of commercial treaties. He was elected to the office of Vice-President, in 1797, and at the next election was chosen President. In his inauo-ural o address, he used the following memorable expression : " We are called by different names, brethren of the same princi- ple. We are all republicans : we are all federalists. If there be any among us who would wish to dissolve this Union, or to change its republican form, let them stand, un- disturbed, as monuments of the safety with which error op OPINION MAY BE TOLERATED, WHERE REASON IS LEFT FREE TO COMBAT IT." His administration was so popular that, at its close, he was elected for a second term, by a very large electoral vote. His second administration was active and aggressive in its policy, and contributed to the growth and stability of the nation. He died at the age of eighty- three, on the 4th day of July, 1826. Aaron Burr, Vice-President, was born at Newark, N. J., Feb. 6, 1756. Died on Staten Island Sept. 14, 1836. He graduated at Princeton, 1772, admitted to the bar at Albany, 156 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 1782, elected to tlie Legislature in 1784, to the United States Senate in 1791, and to the Vice-Presidency in 1800. Electoral Vote. — Third Administration^ \st Term, — Sixteen States voting. Whole number of Electors, 188. Thomas Jefferson^ Va., Democrat, and Aaron Burr, N. Y., Democrat, each having received 73 ; John Adams, Mass., Federal 65 ; Charles C. Pinckney, S. C, 64 ; John Jay, N. Y., 1. No choice was made by the people, and con- sequently the House of Representatives proceeded to the choice ot President according to tiie provisions of the Con- stitution, and upon the 36th ballot — Thomas Jefferson, of Va., Democrat, was elected Pres. Aaron Burr, of N. Y., Democrat, was elected Vice-Pres. Electoral Vote. — Third Administration, '2d Term. — Seventeen States voting, Ohio having been admitted during the previous term. Whole number of Electors, 176. Thomas Jefferson, of Va., Democrat, for President, re- ceived 1 62 votes, and was declared elected. George Clinton, of N. Y., Democrat, for Vice-President, received 4 62 votes, and was declared elected. Charles C. Pinckney, S. C, Federal, for President, 14; Rufus King, N. Y., Federal, for Vice-Pres., 14. Important Events of the 3d Administration. 1801 March 4. Thomas Jefferson inaugurated President. The internal revenue law repealed ; its enforcement led to the "Whiskey Rebellion" in Pa. in 1794. — ^ June 10. Tripoli declares war against the United States, by demanding of Capt. Bainbridge the use OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 157 of U. S. frigate Geo. Washington to convey an ambassador to Constantinople, he was obliged to comply or submit to destruction from the Castle guns of the harbor. 1802 Nov. 29. Ohio admitted as a State. West Point Military Academy founded. 1803 April 30. Louisiana purchased of France for $15,- 000,000. — Com. Preble and his fleet sent to demand restitution from Algiers and Tripoli for piracies. 1804 July 1 1. Hamilton killed in a duel with Burr. The difficulty grew out of a political quarrel. 1805 June 3. Peace declared between Tripoli and U. S. 1806 Aaron Burr charged with treason in attempting to set up an Empire west of the Alleghanies. He was tried and acquitted of conspiracy. England persists in searching American vessels for suspected deserters from the British navy, and thus impressing American seamen. These repeat- ed outrages led to the second war with Endand. 1807 Robert Fulton makes first trip to Albany in the steamboat " Clermont." " Dec. 22. Congress decrees an embargo on all ves- sels in American ports, and orders home all Amer- ican vessels to prepare for war. 1808 The African Slave-trade abolished by Congress, prohibiting the importation of slaves into the U. S. Cabinet Officers, 3d Administration — 1801-1809. Secretary of State. James Madison, Va. 158 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK Secretaries of the Treasury. Samuel Dexter, Mass. ; Albert Gallatine, Penn. Secretary of War. Henry Dearborn, Mass. Secretaries of the Navy. Benjamin Stoddert, Md. ; Robert Smith, Md. ; Jacob Crowninshield, Mass. Postmasters- General. Joseph Habersham, Ga. ; Gideon Granger, Conn. Attorneys- General. Theophilus Parsons, Mass. ; Levi Lincoln, Mass. ; Robert Smith, Md. ; John Breckenridge, Ky. ; Caesar A. Rodney, Del. National Expenses and Debt, 3d Adm. Year. Expenses. Debt. 1801. . . . $12,273,376 $83,038,050 1802. 13,276,084 80,712,632 1803. 13,258,983 77,054,686 1804. 12,624,646 86,427,120 1805. 13,727,124 82,312,150 1806. 15,070,093 75,723,270 1807. 11,292,292 69,218,398 1808. 16,764,584 65,196,317 Imports and Exports, 3d Administration. Year. Imports. Exports. 1801. . . . $111,363,511 $94,115,925 1802. . 76,333,333 72,483,160 1803. . ^i,QQ%Qm 55,800,038 1804. . 185,000,000 77,699,074 1805. . 120,600,000 95,566,021 1806. . 129,410,000 101,536,963 1807. . 138,500,000 108,343,151 1808. 56,990,000 22,430,960 OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 159 FOURTH ADMINISTRATION. James Madison, Fourth President of the United States, was born at King George, Virginia, on the 16th of March, 1751. He entered Princeton College, New Jersey, 1769, and graduated, in advance of his class, in 1771. Having impaired his health by too close application to study, he re- mained in Princeton for a time to recruit his shattered health, and also still further to enrich his mind. He was one of the first to comprehend the peril of the Colonists, and gave his cheerful co-operation to the patriots in resisting the encroachments of Great Britain. He was a member of the first Legislative Assembly, and would doubtless have been a member of the next, it is said, 160 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK had it not been for his conscientious refusal to follow the prevalent custom of treating the electors. In 1780, he be- came a member of the National Congress, and greatly assisted its deliberations by his sagacious counsels. He represented his State in the Legislature from 1784 to 1786, and was very active in promoting the financial and com- mercial interests of the State. In 1794, he married Mrs. Todd, of Philadelphia, a lady possessing great amiability and vivacity of mind. Having finished his Congressional career, he retired from public life, to enjoy the companionship of his books and home, but was soon called to share the conflicts of the hour. He discharged the duties of the office of Secretary of State, promptly and acceptably, under the administration of Jefferson. He was elected to the office of President in 1809. Exciting discussions, complications with foreign powers, and war with England, were the distinguishing events of his ad- ministration. He died at his home, in Montpelier, June 28, 1836, at the age of eighty-five years. George Clinton, Vice-President, was born in Ulster Co., N. Y., July 26, 1739. Died at Washington, April 20, 1812. He was elected to the Continental Congress in 1775, voted for the Declaration of Independence, was Brigadier-General in 1777 ; Governor of N. Y. in 1801, and Vice-President in 1804, and a prominent candidate for President in the cam- paign of 1808. OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 161 Candidates for President and Yice-Pres. 4th Adm. For President. I From. I Vice-Pres. I From. I Politics. James Madison, C. C. Pinckney, Second Term. James Madison, DeWitt Clinton, Va. S. Ca. Va. N. Y. Geo. Clinton, Rufus King, N. Y. N. Y. Democrat. Federal. Elbridge Gerry, Mass. Democrat. J. Inffersoll, Pa. Federal. Electoral Vote for Pres. and Vice-Pres. 4th Adm. Seventeen States voting. Whole number of electors, 175. In 1804 an amendment to tlie Constitution was adopted, which provided that in voting for President and Vice-Presi- dent each candidate should be voted for separately by the electors. For President, 1st Term. For Vice-President. James Madison ... 122 Geo. Clinton , . 113 C. C. Pinckney ... 47 Rufus King ... 47 James Madison was declared elected President, and Geo. Clinton Vice-President. For President, 2d Term. For Vice-President. Eighteen States voting. — Louisiana admitted during pre- vious term. Whole number of electors, 217. James Madison . . . 128 Elbridge Gerry . 131 DeWitt Clinton ... 49 J. Ingersoll ... 86 James Madison was declared elected President, and El- bridge Gerry Vice-President. 11 162 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK Important Events of the 4th Administration. 1809 March 4. James Madison inaugurated President. 1810 American Board of Christian and Foreign Missions organized. 1811 Nov. 7. General Harrison wins at Tippecanoe the most desperate battle ever fought with the Indians. 1812 April 8. Louisiana admitted as a State. '. First house in Rochester, N. Y., erected. Second War with England.— C'awse— The impressment of American seamen by the British, and the blockade of her enemies' ports. Congress authorized the President to call for 25,000 enlisted men, 50,000 volunteers, and 100,000 militia, with Henry Dearborn as Commander-in-Chief. See Contents for list of Land and Naval Battles of the War of 1812. 1813 March 4. James Madison began a second Presi- dential term, with Elbridge Gerry as Vice-Pres. June 1. Capt. Lawrence, of the U. S. frigate Ches- apeake, fought the British frigate Shannon, 30 miles from Boston, and in dying said, " DonH give up the ship," Sept. 10. Perry's victory on Lake Erie. 1814 August 24. City of Washington taken by the British, and public buildings burned. - Capt. Porter of U. S. frigate Essex, when captured by the British frigate Phoehe, after a desperate battle and losing 154 men, in his report to the OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 163 Secretary of the Navy said, " We have been unfortunate but not disgraced.'' Dec. 15. Hartford Convention in opposition to the war, threaten secession of the New England States. Dec. 24. Hull, for the surrender of Detroit, was tried for cowardice and treason, found guilty, and senten'ced to be shot. Pardoned by the President. Dec. 24. Peace declared by Treaty at Ghent. 1815 Jan. 8. Battle of New Orleans, 40 days after peace was declared. Gen. Jackson lost 13 killed and wounded; the British 1700. Jan. 15. A British squadron capture the U. S. frigate President. March. Congress declares war against Algiers. 1816 Apr. 10. U. S. Bank re-chartered for twenty years, with a capital of $35,000,000. Dec. 11. Indiana admitted as a State. Cabinet Officers, 4th Administration— 1809-1817. Secretaries of State. Robt. Smith, Md. ; Jas. Monroe, Va. Secretaries of the Treasury. Albert Gallatin, Pa. ; George W. Campbell, Tenn. ; Alex. J. Dallas, Pa. Secretaries of War. William Eustis, Mass. ; John Arm- strong, N. Y. ; James Monroe, Va. ; Wm. H. Crawford, Ga. Secretaries of the Navy. Paul Hamilton, S. C. ; William Jones, Pa. ; Benjamin W. Crownin shield, Mass. Postmasters- General Gideon Granger, Conn.; Return J. Meigs, Jr., Ohio. Attorneys- General Caesar A. Rodney, Del.; William Pinckney, Md. ; Richard Rush, Pa. 164 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK National Expenses and Debt, 4th Admln. Year. Expenses. Debt. 1809. . . $13,867,226 $57,023,192 1810. . . 13,319,986 53,178,217 1811. . . 13,601,808 48,005,587 National Expenses, &c.- — Continued, Year. Expenses. Debt. 1812. . . $22,279,121 $45,209,737 1813. . . 39,190,520 55,962,827 1814. . . 38,028,230 81,487,846 1815. . . 39,582,493 99,833,660 1816. . . 48,244,495 127,334,938 Imports and Exports, Fourth Adm. Year. Imports. Exports. 1809. . . $59,400,000 $52,203,333 1810. . 85,406,000 66,657,970 1811. . 53,400,000 61,316,883 1812. . 77,030,000 38,527,236 1813. . . 22,005,000 27,855,927 1814. . 12,965,000 6,927,441 1815. . . 113,041,274 52,557,753 1816. . . 147,103,000 81,920,452 OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 165 to g U:=i a— S 2 o o ^ ^„ ^ > 2 M 33 - ■ 'Zl o -^ o .2 o ^ o >^g bJD si C c3 be ri > p Oh-l PW aa bJO TtH Th 02 C/2CZ2 M tn o g P-. ^ ^ M O ^ bX) be O "S -2 Q * bC 3 -4-9 'S cS ^ .a Q iS pq ryT ^ a il .2 C/2 ^ -d 4-> CD +3 -S 2S ^ 6 % 2 I- cs © 5 -w CD -^ P £? CD •+^ rt oi ^ fH "f +2 22 ^ oj :i oj lO S a c I* _bc _bc ^ i^ ^ ^ ^ «8 Oh . O be CO P^ W pq o 1=1 , be be t— I 'd .^ 5« ^ Q I 5« 10 oo;z;ooSpqOK5 J3 m" 8 l5 s * * 3 S CD Qi ^9^"^ m m a ft o o o o be Is! 1^ CO CD ^ 1^ 9. CD ^ .- a a P-I bO be -5^ Fc^o O -M -15 .H pq < ^ ^ be '-;> o ^ pq 2 ^ -^ ?a k:; o * -jj S I • ^ > •' 5 i^ * 1-^ pq o o 5 * be bo <5 <1 ^ fl dad, ^ H-, CO CO CO OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 167 FIFTH ADMINISTRATION. James Mot^roe, Fifth President of the United States, was born in Westmoreland County, Virginia, in 1758. Com- paratively little is known of his ancestors. His father's name was Spence, and the maiden name of his mother was Elizabeth Jones. He received his education at the College of William and Mary, and immediately after leaving College, identified him- self with the Colonists in their struggle for freedom. He took an active part in some of the earlier actions of the war, and was severely wounded at the battle of Trenton. His services were properly recognized, and he was pro- moted to a Captaincy. He acquitted himself with distinguished honor as a StafE 168 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK officer of Lord Sterling, and in 1780 served as a military commissioner under Governor Jefferson. He was chosen a member of the Legislature of Virginia, in 1782, and, in 1783, became a member of Congress. His eminent abilities were at once recognized ; and his sound views upon the various questions discussed in Congress, exerted a potent influence upon that body in its measures for the promotion of State and National interests. Li 1786, he married Miss Kortright, a lady of great per- sonal merit, upon whom John Quincy Adams pronounced a very high eulogy. He held the office of Senator for about five years, and was twice elected as Governor of Virginia. Li 1803, he was appointed to aid Kobert R. Livingston, the resident Minister at France, in negotiations for the purchase of Louisiana, and afterward served as Minister to England. He was also Secretary of State during the administration of Madison in 1811. His efficient services in the difficult and resj^onsible positions he had occupied, and his advocacy of a popular national policy, directed attention to him as a candidate for the Presidency, and, in 1819, he was elected to the office by a large electoral vote. After his election, he made a tour of visitation through the Eastern States ; and the favor with which he was everywhere received and the happy effects of his visit upon all parties, suggest that a closer in- timacy between our people and their rulers would be of im- mense advantage to the nation. So satisfactory was his ad- ministration that, at its close, he was re-elected, and served another term with equal honor and success. During his ad- ministrations, the South American republics were recognized OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 169 by Congress as sovereign nations and the President, in his message, declared the famous Monroe Doctrine, that the Con- tinents of America were not to be considered as subjects of European power. His death occurred in New York, on the Fourth of July, 1831. In 1858, his remains were removed to Hollywood Cemetery, Virginia. D. D. Tompkins, Vice-President, was bom at Scarsdale, N. Y., June 21, 1774. Died on Staten Island, June 11, 1825. Candidates for President and Vioe-Pres., 5th Adm. For President. | From \ Vice-Pres. \ From. | Politics. James Monroe, Va. D. D. Tompkins, N. Y. Democrat. Rufus King, N. Y. J. E. Howard, Md. Federal. Second Term. James Monroe, Va. D. D. Tompkins, N. Y. Democrat. John Q. Adams, Mass. Richard Stockton, N. J. Federal. Elctoral Vote for Pres. and Vioe-Pres., 5th Adm. Nineteen States voting. — Indiana having been admitted during the previous term. Whole number of electors, 217. For President, 1st Term For Vice-President. James Monroe ... 183 D. D. Tompkins . .183 Rufus King .... 34 J. E. Howard . . 22 Twenty -four States voting. Miss., 111., Ala., Me., and Mo., were admitted during previous term. Whole number of electors, 232. For President, 2d Term For Vice-President, James Monroe ... 227 D. D. Tompkins . . 218 John Q. Adams ... 1 Richard Stockton . 8 170 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK Important Events of the 5th Administration. 1817 March 4. James Monroe inaugurated President, at Congress Hall, Washington, the Capitol having been burnt by the British. July 4. Ground broken for the Erie Canal. Com- pleted in 1825. Dec. 10. Mississippi admitted into the Union. 1818 March. Gen. Jackson defeats the Seminoles in Fla. The U. S. flag, 13 stripes and one star for each State, in a blue field, adopted by law. Dec. 3. Illinois admitted into the Union. 1819 Dec. 14. Alabama admitted into the Union. The Savannah, first steamer, crosses the Ocean. 1820 March 15. Maine admitted into the Union. James Monroe re-elected President. Stephen Decutor, of the U. S. Navy, killed in a duel with Com. Barron. Oct. Florida ceded by Spain to the United States. 1821 Aug. 10. Missouri admitted as a State. 1822 The independence of South America acknowledged by U. S. Boston, Mass., incorporated a city. 1823 Commodore Porter suppresses piracies in the West Indies. President Monroe advocates the non-intervention of foreign powers upon the American continent, pop- ularly known as the Monroe doctrine. 1824 Aug. Gen. Lafayette re-visits the United States. OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 171 Cabinet Officers, 5th Administration 1817-1825. Secretary of State. John Quincj Adams, Mass. Secretary of the Treasury. "William H. Crawford, Ga. Secretaries of War. Isaac Shelby, Ky. ; J. C. Calhoun, S.C. Secretaries of the Navy. Benjamin W. Crowninshield, Mass. ; Smith Thompson, N. Y. ; Samuel L. Southard, N. J. Postmasters- Gerieral Return J. Meigs, Jr., Ohio; John McLean, Ohio. Attorney- General William Wirt, Ya. National Expenses and Debt, 5th Administration. Year. Expenses. Debt. 1817. . . $40,877,646 $123,491,965 1818. . . 35,164,875 103,466,633 1819. . . 24,004,199 95,529,648 1820. . . 21,763,024 91,015,566 1821. . . 19,090,572 89,987,427 1822. . 17,676,592 93,546,676 1823. . 15,314,171 90,875,877 1824. . 31,898,538 90,269,777 Imports an d Exports, 5th Administration. Year. Imports. Exports. 1817. . . $99,250,000 $87,671,560 1818. . . 121,750,000 93,281,133 1819. . . 87,125,000 70,141,501 1820. . . 74,450,000 69,661,669 1821. . . 62,585,724 64,974,382 1822. . . 83,241,541 72,160,281 1823. . . 77,579,267 74,699,030 1824. . . 89,549,007 75,986,657 172 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK SIXTH ADMINISTRATION. John Quincy Adams, Sixth President of the United States, was born at Brain tree, Mass., on the 11th of July, 1767. His character was formed under the ennobling influ- ences of a cultured home, and developed amid rare social and literary advantages. The influence of his noble mother, as well as of his father, is apparent in the development of his moral and intellectual nature. His youthful ear heard the thunder of the cannon that shook Bunker's Hill, and his eye eagerly watched the clouds of smoke as they ascended from the burning ruins of Charles- town. In his eleventh year he accompanied his father to France, and thus had rare opportunities to acquire a knowl- edge of the politics, manners and language of the people. OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 173 When he had attained his fourteenth year, he was acting as his father's secretary, and, notwithstanding his youth, was recognized as an officer in that capacity by Congress. Returning from his foreign travels, he entered Harvard College, in 1786, and graduated the following year. He then studied law for three years, and was admitted to the bar in 1790. In 1794, he was appointed Minister to the Nether- lands, and in 1797 he was honored with the appointment of Minister to Portugal, which was afterward changed to the mission to Berlin. He also served his country as Ambassa- dor to Prussia, Russia, and England. Washington entertained a high opinion of his diplomatic abilities, and pronounced him the ablest American Minister ever sent to a foreign Court. He also was elected to the Senate of the United States, but resigned before the close of the Senatorial term. In 1806 he was elected to the Professorship of Rhetoric and Belles-Lettres at Harvard, and was a great favorite with the friends and students of the University. He was appointed by President Monroe to the office of Secretary of State, and served in that capacity through both terms of Monroe's ad- ministration. In the next Presidential election the suffrages of the people were divided between four candidates, neither of whom received a majority of the electoral votes, and con- sequently the election of a President devolved upon the House of Representatives. The members of that body in performing the duty assigned them elected John Quincy Adams as the successor of President Monroe, and he was 174 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK inaugurated March 4tli, 1825. His administration was some- what embarrassed by the strong party spirit that had been engendered previous to his election, and his political adher- ents being in a minority could not induce Congress to adopt his recommendations. After his retirement from the Presidency he devoted his time chiefly to literary and religious researches. It is said that he translated the Psalms into English verse, and devoted much of his time to the study of the sacred Scriptures. In 1830, he was elected to the House of Representatives, and held the position until his death, which occurred on the 21st of February, 1848. He had just risen to address the Speak- er of the House when he was smitten with paralysis, and fell, exclaiming, " This is the last of earth." Thus " the old man eloquent " fell at his post, and passed to his final re- ward. John C. Calhoun, "Vice-President, was born at Adbe- ville, S. C, March 18, 1782. Died at "Washington, March 31, 1850. He was among the foremost statesmen of his time, and with him originated the " State rights doctrine." OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 175 Candidates for President and Vice-Pres., 6th Adm. For President. \ From. | For Vice-Pres. \ From. | Politics, John Q. Adams, Mass Federal. Andrew Jackson, Tenn. John Calhoun S. Ca. Democrat. W. H. Crawford, Ga. . Nathan Sanford, N. Y. Democrat. Henry Clay, Ky. . . Nathaniel Macon, Ga. Whig. Popular and Electoral Votes, 6th Adm. Twenty-four States voting. Whole number of electors, 261. For President, John Q. Adams, 105,321 votes ; Electoral votes, 84. Andrew Jackson, 152,899 " " " 98. W.H.Crawford, 47,265 " " " 41. Henry Clay, 47,087 « " " 37. For Vice-President, John C. Calhoun, 182 Electoral votes ; Nathan Sanford, 30. Nathaniel Macon, 24 " " Andrew Jackson, 13. Henry Clay, 9 " " Martin Van Buren, 2. None of the candidates received the majority of the elec_ toral votes for President : the choice devolved upon the house of Representatives. Adams received the vote of 13 States, Jackson 7, and Crawford 4, John Q. Adams was therefore elected President, and John C. Calhoun Vice-President. Important Events of 6th Administration. 1825 March 4. John Q. Adams inaugurated President. Corner Stone of Bunker Hill Monument laid by Lafayette. 1826 July 4. Death of two Ex-Presidents, John Adams and Thos. Jefferson. 176 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK ^— Anti-Masonic excitement, caused by the abduction of William Morgan from Canandaigua, N. Y., by Free Masons, who were charged with murder. A legislative committee of investigation confirmed the suspicion. 1827 First Railroad in the U. S., from Quincy to Boston. 1828 Tariff Bill a law. The cotton states oppose it. Cabinet Officers, 6th Administration — 1825-1829. Secretary of State. — Henry Clay, Ky. Secretary of the Treasury. — Richard Rush, Pa. Secretaries of War. — Jas. Barbour Va. ; P. B. Porter, N. Y. Secretary of the Navy. — Samuel L. Southard, N. J, Postmaster- General. — John McLean, Ohio. Attorney- General. — William Wirt, Va. National Expenses and Debt, 6th Administration. Year. Expenses. Debt. 1825. . . 23,585,804 83,788,432 1826. . . 24,103,398 81,054,059 1827. . . 22,656,764 73,987,357 1828. MPORTS . . 25,459,479 \ AND Exports, 6th A 67,475,043 J>MINISTRATIO: Year. Imports. Exports. 1825. . . 96,340,075 99,535,388 1826. . . 89,974,477 77,595,322 1827. . 79,484,068 82,324,727 182a 88,509,824 72,264,686 OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 177 SEVENTH ADMINISTRATION. Andrew Jackson, Seventh President of the United States, was of Scotch-Irish ancestry, and was born on a plan- tation in Mecklenburgh County, North Carolina, March 15th, 1767. A few days before the birth of Andrew, his father died, leaving his widow, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Hutchinson, to struggle for the maintenance and culture of three children. Andrew received very little schooling, and was characterized for his boldness, activity, generosity, and self-reliance. At the age of thirteen, fired by the death of his eldest brother, who perished in the Indian battle of Stono, he entered his country's service in the struggle for Indepen- dence. Andrew and his brother Robert were captured by the British, and the latter died soon after their exchange- 12 178 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK Their mother in the mean-time, who had acted as nurse to some captive friends on a prison ship, contracted fever, and died suddenly, leaving Andrew, a half developed youth, the sole surviving representative of tlie family. Andrew tried the saddlery trade and school teaching, after which he studied law, was admitted to practice at the age of twenty, and rose at once to prominence. He married Mrs. Robards in 1791. On the 5th of December, 1796, Jackson took his seat in Congress as the first Representative of Tennessee, which had just been admitted. He was subsequently Senator from the same State, and at a later period Judge of the Supreme Court of Tennessee. In 1806, he fought a duel with Charles Dick- erson, when both were severely wounded, and Dickerson died. The war of 1812 brought him prominently before the world as a dashing military chieftain. Fired by the massa- cre at Fort Mimms, he inaugurated a vigorous campaign against the British and the Creek Indians, which culminated in a great victory at New Orleans, January 8, 1815. In 1823, he was again elected to the U. »S. Senate, and nominated for the Presidency, receiving a large but unsuc- cessful vote. In 1828, he was elected to the Presidency, and re-elected in 1832. Many grave measures agitated the coun- try during his administration. He retired to the " Hermitage," March 4th, 1837, where he died, June 8th, 1845. Gen. Jackson was a fearless, honest man, of rare common sense. He was never vanquished. He conquered the wilderness, the savage, the trained European chieftain, the American duelist, and politician. Martin Van Buren, Vice-Pres. See sketch 8th Adm. of american progress. 179 Candidates for President and Vice-Pres., 7th adm. For President. \ Fronu \ For Vice-Pres, \ From, | Politics. Andrew Jackson, Tenn. John C. Calhoun S. Ca. Democrat. John Q.Adams, Mass. Richard Rush Pa. Federal. For President, 2nd Term. Vice-President. Andrew Jackson, Tenn. Martin Van Buren, N. Y. Dem. Henry Clay, Ky. J. Sergeant, Pa. Whig. John Floyd, Va. W. Wilkins, Pa. Independent. William Wirt, Md. Henry Lee, Mass. Anti-Masonic. Popular and Electoral vote, 7th Administration. Twenty four States voting. Whole number of electors, 261. For President, 1st Term. Andrew Jackson, 650,028 votes; Electoral votes 178. John Q.Adams, 512,159 " " " 83. Andrew Jackson was declared elected President, and John C. Calhoun Vice-President. For Vice-President. John C. Calhoun, 189 Electoral votes, Richard Rush, 83. For President, 2c? Term. Andrew Jackson, 687,502 votes ; Electoral votes 219 Henry Clay, 550,189 " " « 49 John Floyd, « " « « H William Wirt, « " « « 7 For Vice-President, M. Van Buren, 171 Electoral votes ; J. Sergeant, 49. Wm. Wilkins, 30 " " " Henry Lee, 11. Andrew Jackson was declared elected President, and Martin Van Buren Vice-President. 180 NAIIONAL HAND-BOOK Important Events of 7th Administration. 1829 March 4. Andrew Jackson, inaugurated President. 1830 Jackson, opposes the U. S. Bank in his message. 1831 July 4. Death of Ex-president, Monroe. Agitation of the U. S. Bank question. 1832 First appearance of Asiatic cholera in America. " The Black Hawk War " with frontier Indians in 111. Black Hawk captured and taken to Wash- ington, and other cities, to convince him of the strength of the nation. State's Rights doctrine dates from this year. Advocated by John C. Calhoun. S. Ca. Legislator attempted to evade the U. S. Revenue Law, which gave rise to Pres. Jackson's Nullification proclamation. Professor Morse invents the magnetic telegraph. March 4. Pres. Jackson enters upon a second term. 1833 Tariff controversy settled by Henry Clay's bill. Oct. Removal of the Government funds from the U. S. Bank, by order of President Jackson 1834 Gen. Thompson killed in Seminole War. Cyrus McCormick's reaper patented. 1835 Seminole Indian War in Florida, led by Osceola. Dec. 16. 674 buildings burned in New York ; loss $20,000,000. National debt paid off during ^his year. Gen. Scott subdues the Creek Indians in Ga. and Ala. They are removed beyond the Mississippi. 1836 June 15. Arkansas admitted as a State. OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 181 Cabinet Officers, 7th Administration — 1829-1837. Secretaries of State. Martin Van Buren, N. Y. ; Edward Livingston, La. ; Lewis McLane, Del. ; John Forsyth, Ga. Secretaries of the Treasury. S, D. Ingham, Pa. ; Louis McLane, Del. ; Wm J. Duane, Pa. ; Roger B. Taney, Md. ; Levi Woodbury, N. H. Secretaries of War. John H. Eaton, Tenn. ; Lewis Cass, O. Secretaries of the Navy. John Branch, N. C. ; Levi Woodbury, N. H. ; Mahlon Dickerson, N. J. Post Masters- General Wm. T. Barry, Ky. ; A. Kendall, Ky. Attorneys- General. John M. Berrien ; Roger B. Taney, Md. ; Benjamin F. Butler, N. Y. National Expenses and Debt, 7th Administration. Year. Expenses. Debt. 1829. . . $25,044,358 $58,421,413 1830. . . 24,585,281 48,565,406 1831. . . 30,038,446 39,124,191 1832. . . 34,356,698 24,322,235 1833. . . 24,257,298 7,001,032 1834. . . 24,601,982 4,760,081 1835. . . 27,573,141 351,289 1836. . 30,934,664 291,089 [PORTS AND Exports, 7th A .MDMINISTRATIO] Year. Imports. Exports. 1829. . $74,492,527 $72,358,671 1830. . . 70,876,920 73,849,508 1831. . . 103,191,124 81,310,583 1832. . . 101,029,266 87,176,943 1833. . . 108,118,311 90,140,443 1834. . . 126,521,332 104,336,973 1835. . . 149,895,742 121,693,577 1836. . . 189,980,085 128,663,040 182 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK EIGHTH ADMINISTRATION. Martin Van Buren, Eighth President of the United States, was a descendant of Holland ancestry, and was born on a farm at Kinderhook, Columbia Co., N. Y., September 5th, 1782. He inherited a clear, logical intellect, which was quickened by academic culture. At the age of fourteen he began the study of law, and seven years later was duly ad- mitted to practice. After a few years, spent in his native village, he established himself at Hudson. He early evinced a taste for politics, and before he attained his majority was a delegate at a county convention. In 1808, he assumed his first public office, that of Surrogate of Columbia Co. He was elected to the State Senate in 1812, and re-elected in 1816. In 1815, he vviis appointed Attorney-General of New OF AMERICAN PKOGRESS. 183 York. Ill 1821, he was elected from New York to the United States Senate, where he continued until 1828, when he resigned to become Governor of New York. In the New York Senate he was a prominent leader in the Madison party, and when transferred to the Senate at Washington, he was a staunch supporter of the Democracy of those times. On the first day of January, 1829, he entered upon the gubernatorial duties of the State of New York, but in March following resigned to become Secretary of State in President Jackson's Cabinet. In 1831, President Jackson reorganized his Cabinet, accepting the resignation of Mr. Van Buren, but appointing him at once Minister to England. He proceeded to London, but, on the assembling of Congress, the Senate refused to confirm his appointment. He immediately re- turned to the United States. Mr. Calhoun, the Vice-Presi- dent, having cast the deciding vote in the Senate against his appointment to England, was left out in the political slate at the national convention in the following May, and Van Buren was nominated to the second place on the ticket with Jackson, and was triumphantly elected. On the 4th of March, 1837, he was inaugurated President of the United States, having been elected as the successor of Andrew Jackson. Mr. Jackson's financial measures and his war on the banks culminated, soon after his retirement, in the most disastrous monetary depression that has ever overtaken the country. JNIr. Van Buren was held responsible. The Seminole War dragged wearily ; the anti-slavery agitation increased, and the administration lost favor steadily until its close, when Mr. Van Buren retired to Kinderhook, to ap- 184 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK pear again, in 1848, as a candidate for the Presidency on the "Free Soil" ticket, when he was defeated. He died at Kinderhook, July 24th, 1862, aged eighty years. Mr. Yan Buren was a statesman of more than ordinary grasp ; he was a gentleman of cultivated tastes and of amiable disposition. RiCHAKD M. Johnson, Vice-President, was born near Louisville, Ky., Oct. 17, 1780. He served as colonel in the Indian wars under Harrison ; was twelve years a representative in Congress from Ky. ; and was elected to the United States Senate. He served four years as President of the Senate. In the Presidential campaign of 1836, no candidate for Vice-President re- ceived a majority of the electoral votes, and he was elected Vice-President by the Senate. He died at Frankfort, Ky., Nov. 19, 1850. Candidates for President and Vice-Prest., 8th Adm. For President. \ From. \ ForVice-Pres. \ From \ Politics. Martin Van Buren, N. Y. R. M. Johnson, Ky. Democrat. Wm. H. Harrison, Ohio. Francis Granger, N. Y. Whig. H. L. White, Tenn. John Tyler, Va. Indepen. Daniel Webster, Mass. William Smith, Ala. Whig. of american progress. 185 Popular and Electoral Vote, 8th Adm. Twenty-six states voting, Arkansas and Michigan having been admitted during previous term. Whole number of Electors, 294. For President. Martin Van Buren 762,149 votes, electoral votes 170. Wm. H. Harrison, " " " " " 73. H. L. White, " " " " " " 26. Daniel Webster, " " " " " 14. W. P. Mangum, N. Ca. Total opposition vote " 11. 736,736 For Vice-President. R. M.Johnson, electoral votes 147. Francis Granger, 77. John Tyler, " " 47. Wm. Smith, 22. No candidate for Vice-Pres. received a majority of the electoral votes and R. M. Johnson was elected by the Senate. Important Events of 8th Administration. 1837 March 4. Martin Van Buren inaugurated President. Independence of Texas acknowledged. Great financial distress. Banks suspend specie pay- ment. Failures amounting to over $200,000,000 in New York city in March and April. Extra session of Congress called Sept. 4, to devise relief. Nov. 7. Riot at Alton, 111. ; Rev. E. P. Lovejoy mobbed and killed for anti-slavery sentiments. 1838 The Mormons driven from Missouri. The Canadian Rebellion caused by disloyal English and Americans attempting to set up an independent govern" ment. 186 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 1839 Another financial panic. Banks suspend payment. 1840 The so-called " Log Cabin " and " Hard Cider " Cam- paign. Cabinet Officers, 8th Administration — 1837-1841. Secretary of State. John Forsjth, Ga. Secretary of the Treasury. Levi Woodbury, N. H. Secretary of War. Joel E. Poinsett, S. C. Secretaries of the Navy. Mahlon Dickerson, N. J. ; James K. Paulding, N. Y. Postmasters- General. Amos Kendall, Ky. ; John M. Niles, Conn. Attorneys- General. Benjamin F. Butler, N. Y. ; Felix Grundy, Tenn. ; Henry D. Gilpin, Pa. National Expenses and Debt, 8th Administration Year. Expenses. Debt. 1837. . . $37,265,037 $1,878,223 1838. . . 39,455,438 4,857,600 1839. . . 37,614,936 11,983,737 1840. . . 28,226,553 5,125,077 MPORTS AND Exports, 8th Administration. Year. Imports. Exports. 1837. . . $140,989,217 $117,419,376 1838. . . 113,717,404 108,486,616 1839. . . 162,092,132 121,088,416 1840. . . 107,641,519 132,085,936 OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 187 NINTH ADMINISTRATION. William Henry Harrison, Ninth President of the United States, was born at Berkeley, on the James River, Virginia, February 9th, 1773. His father was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and one of the Governors of Virginia. William Henry was educated at Hampden, Sydney College, Vircrinia, and pursued the study of medicine. He was, however, drawn from the duties of his profession by the barbarities of the Indians along our north-western frontier. In 1791, he received from President Washington a commission as ensign in the artillery, and was, during the next year, promoted for meritorious service to the rank of lieutenant. He served under General Wayne, and after the battle of Miami Rapids, he was made captain. 188 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK In 1800, he was made Governor of the '' Indian Terri- tory," including the Territories of Indiana, Illinois, and Wisconsin. This position he filled for twelve years to the satisfaction of Indians and white settlers. He negotiated thirteen important treaties with Indian tribes. In 1811 Harrison conducted the war against Tecumseh, and in a great battle on the Tippecanoe River defeated that illustrious chieftain, and s ) frustrated his plans that he never recovered. After the surrender of Detroit, by General Hull, Harrison was made Commander-in-Chief of the entire Nortl> west, where he proved himself a masterly organizer and a vigorous, intrepid commander. His fame, at the close of the war, was unbounded. Some difficulty with the Secretary of War led to his resignation, but the President immediately appointed him to negotiate further treaties with the Indians. In 1816, he became a Representative in Congress from Ohio, and immediately took rank as an eloquent and able member of the body. In 1824, he was elected to the United States Senate from Ohio. In 1886, Mr. Harrison was brought forward for the Presi- dency. He had three rivals, and was beaten by Mr. Van Biiren. His popularity was so great that the Whigs again nominated him in 1840, and after one of the most stirring campaigns of the century, he was elected by electoral count of 234 out of 294. His administration gave promise of great success, but his frail nature was so overtaxed that he expired April 4th, just one month after his inauguration. OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 189 John Tyler, successor of Mr. Harrison, and Tenth Pres- ident of the United States, was born in Charles City County, Virginia, March 29th, 1790. His ancestors were English, and were among the first settlers in the Old Dominion. His father was a patriot in the Revolution, a wealthy land pro- prietor, and at one time Governor of Virginia. Young Tyler entered William and Mary College at the age of twelve, where he graduated wicli the highest honors at seventeen. At nineteen he was admitted to the bar, and rose quickly to an honored and successful practice. At the age of twenty- one he was elected to the Legislature, and served five terms. In 1816, he was elected to Congress, and was twice re- elected. In 1825, he was chosen Governor of Virginia. In 1827, he was elected to the United States Senate, against John Randolph. In Congress, Tyler, in turn, sup- ported and opposed the administration of President Jackson. He voted for Clay's resolutions of censure on Jackson for re- moving the U. S. deposits : he was subsequently instructed, by the Legislature of his State, to rescind that action, where- upon he resigned his seat, and returned to private life. He was nominated for the Vice-Presidency in 1840 and elected. At the death of General Harrison, April 4th, 1840, Mr. Tyler was, on the 6th, inaugurated President. His adminis- tration failed to satisfy either Whigs or Democrats. Every member of his Cabinet, except Mr. Webster, resigned. In 1861 he was President of the Peace Convention, and afterwards a member of the Confederate Congress. He died at Richmond, Va., January 17th, 1862. 190 national hand-book Candidates for President and Vice-Pres., 9th Adm. For President. \ From. | For Vice-Pres. \ From. \ Politics. Wn. Henry Harrison, Ohio. John Tyler, Va. Whig. Martin Van Buren, N. Y. R. M. Johnson, Ky. Democrat. J. G. Birney, N. Y. L. W. Tazewell, S. Ca. Abolition. Popular and Electoral Vote, 9th Administration. Twenty-six States voting. Whole number of electors, 294. For President. Wm. Henry Harrison, 1,274,783 votes. Electoral votes 234 Martin Van Buren, 1,128,702 " '* " 60 J. G. Binney, 17,009 " « " For Vice-President. John Tyler, 234 Electoral votes. L. W. Tazewell, 11 R. M. Johnson, 48 " " James K. Polk, 1 " " President Harrison served but one month. Upon his death Vice-President Tyler became President. Important Events of 9th Administration. 1841 Feb. 4. U. S. Bank failed, followed by banks gen- erally. March 4. Gen. Wm. H. Harrison inaugurated Pres. April 4. President Harrison died in office. April 6. John Tyler inaugurated President. 1842 Seminole War terminated. The " Dorr Rebellion," in Rhode Island. The North-eastern Boundary question settled. 1843 Fremont explores the Rocky Mountains. OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 191 Feb. 28. A. P. Upsher, Sec. of State, and T. W. Gilmer, Sec. of Navy, killed by the bursting of a gun on the excursion steamer Princeton, on the Potomac. 1844 First telegraph, from Washington to Baltimore. 1845 March 1. President Tyler signs the bill for the an- nexation of Texas. March 3. Florida admitted into the Union. Cabinet OfFiCERS, 9th Administration — 1841-1845. Secretaries of State — Daniel Webster, Mass. ; Hugh S. Legare, S. C. ; Abel P. Upshur, Va. ; John Nelson, Md John C. Calhoun, S. C. Secretaries of the Treasury — Thomas Ewing, Ohio ; Walter Forward, Pa. ; John C. Spencer, N. Y. ; George N. Bibb, Ky. Secretaries of War — John Bell, Tenn. ; John C. Spencer, N. Y. ; James M. Porter, Pa. ; William Wilkins, Pa. Secretaries of the Navy — George E. Badger, N. C. ; Abel B. Upshur, Va. ; David Henshaw, Mass. ; Thomas W. Gilmer, Va. ; John Y. Mason, Va. Postmasters- General — Francis Granger, N. Y. ; Charles A. WicklifPe, Ky. Attorneys- General — John J. Crittenden, Ky. ; Hugh S. Legare, S. C. ; John Nelson, Md. 192 national hand-book National Expenses and Debt, 9th Administration. Year. Expenses. Debt. ]84l $31,787,530 $ 6,737,398 1842 32,936,876 15,028,486 1843 12,118,105 27,203,450 1844 33,642,010 24,748,188 Imports and Exports, 9th Administration. Year. Imports. Exports. 1841 $127,946,117 $121,851,803 1842 , . 100,152,087 104,691,531 1843 64,753,799 84,346,480 1844 108,435,035 111,200,046 OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 193 TENTH ADMINISTRATION. James Knox Polk, Eleventh President of the United States, was of Scotch-Irish ancestry, and was born Novem- ber 2d, 1795, in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. Polk and Jackson are as yet the only two Presidents born of similar ancestral blood, and in the same County. His kin- dred had taken part in the struggle for Independence. Plis father was a farmer and a staunch Jeffersonian Democrat. In 1806. his family removed to Nashville, Tennessee. James was averse to mercantile pursuits, and after preliminary studies under Mr. Black, he, in 1815, entered the University of North Carolina, where he graduated with highest honors three years later. After graduating he returned to Nash- 194 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK ville, where he studied law, and was admitted to the bar. He was elected to the Legislature of Tennessee in 1823, and two years later was elected a Representative in Congress, where he continued for fourteen years, and served during five sessions as Speaker of the House of Representatives, presiding with a dignity and impartiality that gave him great popularity. He was elected Governor of Tennessee in 1839, but was de- feated in a struggle for the same honors in 1841, and also in 1843. He was brought forward by the Democrats at their Baltimore Convention in May, 1844, as a candidate for the Presidency in opposition to that well-known statesman, Henry Clay. Mr. Polk favored the annexation of Texas, and was elected by a large majority. His inauguration was fol- lowed by trouble with the Government of Mexico, which soon developed into open war. General Taylor, with a small army, was sent to the bank of the Rio Grande to defend the claims of Texas. At a later period General Scott was sent with a large army, which cut its way through the country and captured the City of Mexico, which terminated the war. Mr. Polk retired to private life at the close of his term, and died three months later, at Nashville, June loth, 1839, at the age of fifty-four. Geo. M. Dallas, Vice-President, a statesman of rare ability, was born at Philadelphia, July 10, 1792. Graduated at Princeton in 1810. He filled many positions of honor and responsibility at home and abroad. OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 195 Candidates for President and Vice-Pres., 10th Adm. For President. \ From. \ For Vice-Pres. \ From. | Politics. James K. Polk, Tenn. Geo. M. Dallas. Pa. Democrat. Henry Clay, Ky. T. Frelinghuysen, N. J. Whig. J. G. Binney, N. Y. Abolition. Popular and Electoral Vote, 10th Administration. Twenty-six States voting. Whole number of electors, 275. For President. James K. Polk, 1,335,834 votes. Electoral votes 170. Henry Clay, 1,297,033 " " " 105. J. G. Binney, 62,270 " " « 0. For Vice-President. Geo. M. Dallas, 170 Electoral votes. T. Frelinghuysen, 105 " " Important Events of the 10th Administration. 1845 March 4. James K. Polk inaugurated President. Mexico declares war against the United States, caused by the admission into the Union of the Mexi- can State, Texas. See Contents for list of battles. Dec. 29. Texas admitted into the Union. 1846 April 26. Thornton's party, by order of Gen. Tay- lor, cross the Rio Grande, and are captured by the Mexicans. First blood of the Mexican War. 1846 May 11. Congress declares, "War existed by the act of Mexico." Mexican War. — See Contents for battles. Dec. 28. Iowa admitted into the Union. Elias Howe Sewing Machine patented. 1847 Sept. 14. The American army, under Gen. Scott; enters the City of Mexico without opposition. 196 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 1848 Feb. 2. Treaty of Peace with Mexico, signed at Gaudaloupe, which confirmed the annexation of Texas, and ceded to the United States California and New Mexico, an area of 500,000 square miles, by payment of $15,000,000 and assuming $3,- 500,000 debts due citizens of the United States. May 29. Wisconsin admitted into the Union. July. Gold first discovered in California. Cabinet Officers, Tenth Administration — 1845-1849. Secretary of State — James Buchanan, Pa. Secretary of the Treasury — Robert J. Walker, Mississippi. Secretary of War — William L. Marcy, N. Y. Secretaries of the Navy — George Bancroft, Mass. ; John Y. Mason, Va. Postmaster- General — Cave Johnson, Tenn. Attorneys- General — John Y. Mason, Ya. ; Nathan Clif- ford, Me. ; Isaac Toucey, Conn. National Expenses and Debt, 10th Administration. Tear. Expenses. Debt. 1845 $30,490,408 $17,093,795 1846 27,632,282 16,750,926 1847 60,520,851 38,926,623 1848 60,655,143 48,526,879 Imports and Exports, 10th Adjiinistration. Tear. Imports. Exports. 1845 $117,254,564 $114,646,606 1846 121,591,797 113,488,516 1B47 146,545,638 158,648,622 1^^8 154,998,928 154,032,131 OF AMERICAN PK0GRKS3. 197 Q w o H H Hi >— ( O ^^ I— I P^ 9^ 'A as M « a 03 ^" ^.8 ^ og e^ I* ^^•^• > a ce o) a a 2 g O O w ^ „ to CO hrt a " C^L- (M H-l CO H-l ;i[s 8S8 88 C O lO Cl o rti OO" CC" L-" «3 8S 02 02 r*- iK O Cvi £ a o ^ ^ a II B a »H O a u 'C >> 0) -Fl ■2 £' o ■^ c i a '^ ^ ^^H .§ eS ;• -s c5 ■ B -t:} ;-4 O s 1 "a; c ^ f ^ J o eu Co S o S W c; J^ "^ gg Tf" ic" cc" od~ (M (M <>1 (M o, d ^ ^ CO P p£^ flH c3 pL, p: ^ a -r >^ ^" CO 02 oi O i o a Cl o 11 73 o: 198 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK ELEVENTH ADMINISTRATION. Zachary Taylor, Twelfth President of the United States, was born in Orange County, Virginia, November 24th, 1784. His father was a gallant officer in the Continental Army, associated with Washington ; and his mother was a woman of liberal ideas and of sterling worth. Soon after the birth of Zachary, his parents removed to Kentucky, and settled in a wilderness near the present site of Louisville. The subject of this sketch, therefore, had few educational advantages. He toiled on the farm during his minority, and took part in the rude border excitements of the period. Ih 1808, Presi- dent Jefferson gave him a lieutenant's commission in the Seventh U. S. Infantry. Nothing of much imj^ortance, how- OF AMERICAN PROGRES 199 ever, occurred in his army life for many years. The war with Mexico afforded scope for the display of his abilities. Gen. Taylor's extraordinary success at Monterey, and his stubborn resistance at Buena Vista, against a force four times as strong, led by the ablest general of Mexico, could not escape public attention. He became unboundedly popular, and was elected President of the United States in November, 1848. He died suddenly of bilious fever July 9th, 1850, exclaiming : " I have tried to do my duty ! " Millard Fillmore, Vice-President, succeeded Mr. Tay- lor, and thus became the Thirteenth President of the United States. He was born at Summer Hill, Cayuga County, New York, January 7th, 1800. His father, a plain man, removed in 1819 to Erie County, where he purchased and cultivated a small farm. Young Fillmore had only the most meager literary opportunities,being apprenticed at fourteen to a cloth- ier. He early found a friend in Judge Wood, who received him into his office, and furnished him means until he was admitted to legal practice. He was elected to the Legisla- ture of New York in 1829, and in 1832 was chosen as a Representative in Congress. In 1847, he was Comptroller of the State of New York ; and in 1848 he was elected to the Vice-Presidency, on the ticket with Mr. Taylor. On the decease of President Taylor, Mr. Fillmore was duly inaugu- rated and presided over the nation with the coolness and abil- ity that had characterized him in humble spheres. He died at Buffalo, N. Y., March 8th, 1874. 200 national hand-book Candidates for President and Vice-Pres., 11th Adm. For President. | From \ For Vice-Pres. \ From. | Politics. Zachary Taylor, La. Millard Fillmore, N. Y. Whig. Lewis Cass, Mich. Wm. O. Butler, Ky. Democrat. Martin Van Buren, N. Y. Free Soil. Popular and Electoral Vote, 11th Administration. Thirty States voting. — Florida, Texas, Iowa and Wis- consin having been admitted during previous term. Whole number of Electors, 290. For President. Zachary Taylor, 1,362,031 votes. Electoral votes, 163. Lewis Cass, - 1,122,445 " " " 127. Martin Van Buren, 291,455 " " " 0. For Vice-President. Millard Fillmore, 163 Electoral votes. Wm. O. Butler, 127 " " President Taylor died July 9th, 1850, and Vice-President Fillmore became President. Important Events of the llth Administration. 1849 March 5. Zachary Taylor inaugurated President. 1850 July 9. Death of President Taylor. July 10. Millard Fillmore inaugurated President. ' Sept. 9. California admitted into the Union. Fugitive Slave Act passed. It imposed a fine of $1000, and six months' imprisonment, for harbor- ing or aiding tho escape of fugitive slaves. Re- pealed, 1864. 1851 Kossuth, a Hungarian patriot, arrives in New York. 1852 Death of Daniel Webster, and Henry Clay. of american progress. 201 Cabinet Officers, 11th Administration — 1849-1853. Secretaries of State — John M. Clayton, Del. ; Daniel Webster, Mass. ; Edward Everett. Mass. Secretaries of the Treasury — William M. Meredith, Pa. ; Thomas Corwin, Ohio. Secretaries of War — George W. Crawford, Ga. ; Charles M. Conrad, La. Secretaries of the Navy — William B. Preston, Va. ; Wil- liam A. Graham, N. C. ; John P. Kennedy, Md. Secretaries of the Interior — Thomas Ewing, Ohio ; Alex. H. H. Stuart, Va. Postmasters- General — Jacob CoUmer, Ya. ; Nathan K. Hall, N. Y. Samuel D. Hubbard. Attorneys- General — Reverdy Johnson, Md. ; John J. Crit- tenden, Ky. National Expenses and Debt, 11th Administration. Tear. Expenses. Debt. 1849 . - $56,386,422 $64,704,693 1850 44,604,718 64,228,238 1851 48,476,104 62,560,395 1852 46,712,608 65,130,692 Imports and Exports, 11th Administration. Year, Imports. Exports. 1849 $147,857,439 $145,755,820 1850 178,138,318 151,898,790 1851 216,224,932 218,388,011 1852 212,945,442 209,658,366 202 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK TWELFTH ADMINISTRATION. Franklin Pierce, Fourteenth President of the United States, was born at Hillsborough, New Hampshire, November 23d, 1804. His father, Benjamin Pierce, was a General in the Revolutionary War. After a thorough preparatory course he entered Bowdoin College at Brunswick, Maine, where he graduated in 1824. He entered the law office of Levi Wood- bury, and was admitted to the bar in 1827. His success in the practice of law was not brilliant at the outset, but by un- wearied industry he rose at length to the highest rank as a counsellor and advocate. When a young man he entered the political arena, and supported General Jackson. In 1829, he became a member of the State Legislature, OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 203 where he remained four years, during two of which he dis- charged the duties of Speaker with great ability. In 1833, he was elected to Congress, and remained a member of it until 1837, when he was transferred to the Senate. In 1834, he was married to the daughter of Dr. Appleton, ex-President of Bowdoin College, and established his resi- dence at Concord, which he never changed. President Polk tendered him the office of Attorney-General in 1846, which he declined, in favor of his own legal practice, which had grown large and lucrative. The war with Mexico, however, drew him from his office. He raised a regiment of New England volunteers, and receiving the commission of Brio-a- dier General, he departed to the Mexican frontier. At the head of a small division he marched to Pueblo and reinforced General Scott, who immediately prepared for his attack on the City of Mexico. J*ierce had his leg broken at the battle of Contreras, but refused to leave the field. On the follow- ing day he was on duty in the fierce engagement at Churub- usco, where, overcome with pain and exhaustion, he fainted on the field. His army life was of the most exciting nature. In 1852 he was nominated by the Democrat's for the Pres- idency, and was elected over General Scott, by an overwhelm- ing majority. He died at Concord, N. H., October 8th, 1869. Wm. R. King, Vice-President, was born in N. C. in 1785. He was elected to the U. S. Senate in 1819 and served 21 years. At the death of Pres. Harrison he was elected Pres. of the Senate. Died in Ala. April 18th, 1853, shortly after the inauguration, and never took his seat as Vice-President. 204 national hand-book Candidates for President and Vice-Pres., 12th Adm. For President. From. For Vice-President. From. Politics. Franklin Pierce, N. H. Wm. R. King, - Ala. Democrat. Winfield Scott, N. J. Wm. A. Graham, N. Ca. Whig. John P. Hale, N. H. Abolition. Popular and Electoral Vote, 12th Administration. Thirty-one States voting, — California having been admitted during previous term. Whole number of Electors, 296. For President. Franklin Pierce 1,590,490 votes. Electoral votes 254. Winfield Scott 1,378,589 " " " 42. John P. Hale 157,296 " " " 0. For Vice-President. AVm. R. King 254 Electoral votes. Wm. A. Graham 42 " " Important Event of the 12 thAdministration. 1853 March 4. Franklin Pierce inaugurated President. July 13. Grey town. Central America, bombarded by U. S. man-of-war for Spanish insult to Amer- ican Consul. July 14. World's Fair, or '' Crystal Palace," opeu- ed in New York. Dr. Kane sails for the Arctic Seas. 1854 June. "• Kansas-Nebraska Bill " passed. 1855 Anti-Slavery excitement in Kansas. 1856 Sl?.very question excita^ the political parties. OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 205 1856 June 24. President Pierce recognizes the Fili- buster, Gen. Wm. Walker, as President of Nica- raugua, who six months after was driven from the country by the natives. July 28. Panama E,. R. to Aspinwall opened. Cabinet Officers, 12th Administration — 1853-1857. Secretary of State — William M. Marcy, N. Y. Secretary of the Treasury — James Guthrie, Ky. Secretary of War — Jefferson Davis, Miss. Secretary of the Navy — James C. Dobbin, N. C. Secretary of the Interior — Kobert McClernand, Mich. Post master- General — James Campbell, Pa. Attorney- General — Caleb Cushing, Mass. National Expenses and Debt, 12th Administration. Year. Expenses. Debt. 1853 $54,577,061 $67,340,628 1854 75,473,119 47,242,206 1855 66,164,775 39,969,731 1856 72,726,341 30,963,900 Imports and Exports, 12Tn Administration. Year. Imports. Exports. 1853 $267,978,647 $230,976,157 1854 304,562,381 278,341,064 1855 261,468,520 275,156,846 1856 314,639,943 326,964,908 206 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK THIRTEENTH ADMINISTRATION. James Buchanan, Fifteenth President of the United States, was born in Franklin County, Pa., April 23d, 1791. His parents were from the North of Ireland. He was a studious youth, and graduated with honor at Dickinson Col- lege, when but eighteen years of age. He studied law in the office of James Hopkins, of Lancaster, Pa., and was admitted in 1812. In his profession he had numerous and wealthy clients, and his practice was so extensive and remunerative, that at the age of forty he was able to retire with an ample fortune. At the age of twenty-three he was elected to the State Legislature of Pennsylvania. He vigorously sup- ported the War of 1812-14, and as a private soldier marched to the defense of Baltimore. In 1820, he was elected to the OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 207 House of Representatives at Washington, where his knowl- edge and eloquence soon gave him extensive celebrity. Here he remained ten years, and then declined re-election. In 1831 President Jackson appointed him Minister Pleni- potentiary to Russia. He accepted the honor, proceeded to St. Petersburgh, and concluded the first commercial treaty between the two countries. In 1 833 he returned, and was chosen to the U. S. Senate from Pennsylvania. In 1845, when President Polk formed his Cabinet, Mr. Buchanan became Secretary of State, which important posi- tion he filled during the entire administration. In 1853 President Pierce tendered him the appointment of Minister to England, which he accepted, managing our af- fairs at the Court of St. James with such discretion as to meet with high approval. He landed again in New York in 1856, amid great public applause. In 1857 he was selected by the Democrats at their Convention at Cincinnati, as the standard-bearer of the party for the Presidency, and was elected by a moderate majority, two other general tickets be- ing defeated. Mr. Buchanan had been longer in public life than any of his predecessors in the Presidency, yet his ad- ministration was, perhaps, less satisfactory to all parties than that of any of our Presidents. The discussion on the Slavery question, which then reached its crisis, was the absorbing interest of the times. Senator Douglas divided the Democracy, but thereby only hastened secession. Buchanan's public career closed in a storm of fearful severity. He sat appalled amid the treachery of high officials and the treason of entire States. He ruled unfor- 208 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK tunately when a Jackson or a Napoleon was needed. He retired to private life at the close of his term, and died at Wheatland, near Lancaster, Pa., June 1st, 1868. He never married, and was styled the bachelor President. John C. Breckenridge, Vice-President, was born at Lexington, Ky., Jan. 21, 1821. A lawyer by profession. Elected to Congress 1851, and Vice-Pres. in 1856. Candi- date for President in 1860. Elected to U. S. Senate 1861. Expelled Dec. 4, 1861. Became Confederate INIajor-General and Sec. of War at Richmond 1865. Died May 17, 1875. Candidates for President and Vice-Pres., 13th Adm. For President. | From. \ For Vice-Pres. \ From. \ Politics. James Buchanan, Pa. J. C. Breckenridge, Ky. Democrat. J. C. Fremont, Cal. Wm. L. Dayton, N. J. Republican. Millard Fillmore, N. Y. A. J. Donelson, Tenn. American. Popular and Electoral Vote, 13th Administration. Thirty-one States Toting. Whole No. of Electors, 296. For President. James Buchanan 1,832,232 votes. Electoral votes 174. John C.Fremont 1,341,514 " '' " 109. Millard Fillmore 874,707 " « « 8. For Vice-President. J. C. Breckenridge 174 Electoral votes. Wm. L. Dayton 109 " " A. J. Donelson 8 " « OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 209 Important Events of the 13tli Administration. 1857 March 4. James Buchanan inaugurated President. March 6. The Dred Scott decision rendered by Chief Justice Taney. Dred Scott and wife were slaves, held by an army surgeon. By change of residence from a slave state to free territory, they claimed their freedom, which was denied by their master. The Supreme Court denied the claim, and tliey were held as slaves. Financial panic, and great religious revivals. 1858 May 11. Minnesota admitted into the Union. Mount Vernon purchased by the ladies. 1859 Feb. 14. Oregon admitted into the Union. Oil wells first discovered at Titusville, Pa. June 2Q. Commodore Tatnall of U. S. Navy, in retalliating for Chinese insult, said: "Blood is thicker than water." July 4. Alexander II. Stephens advocates the formation of a Southern Confederacy. Sept. Prince of Wales visits the U. S. amid great popular demonstration. Oct. 16. John Brown with an armed band make a raid into Va. with a view to liberating slaves. Nov. 6. Abraham Lincoln elected President. This is made a pretext for secession of the Southern States. I Dec. 3. President Buchanan denies the right of a State to secede and asserts the rights of the U. S. government to coerce a rebellious state. 14 210 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 1860 Dec. 20. South Carolina Legislature passed the ordinance of secession. Cabinet officers, U. S. Senators, and Members of Congress from the Southern States resign. 1861 Jan. Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia and Louisana secede from the Union. Jan. 21. Jefferson Davis resigned his seat in U. S. Senate, 1862 Jan. 29. Kansas admitted into the Union. Feb. 1. Texas secedes from the Union. Feb. 4. " Southern Confederacy " formed at Mont- gomery. Feb. 9. Jeff. Davis and A. H. Stevens eiected President and Vice-Pres. of the " Confederacy." April 12. Bombardment of Fort Sumpter, first shot of the Civil War. April 15. The President called for 75,000 volun- teers. N. Y. State authorizes the appropriation of $3,000,000 for war purposes. May 15. Queen Victoria proclaims neutrality. Rebellion, important events of. See Contents. of american progress. 21) Cabinet Officers, 13th Adm. — 1857-1861. Secretaries of State — Lewis Cass, Mich. ; Jeremiah S. Black, Pa. Secretaries of the Treasury — Howell Cobb, Ga. ; Philip F. Thomas, Md. ; John A. Dix, N. Y. Secretaries of War — John B. Floyd, Va. ; Joseph Holt, Ky. Secretary of the Navy — Isaac Toucy, Conn. Secretary of the Interior — Jacob Thompson, Mississippi. Postmasters- General — Aaron V. Brown, Tenn. ; Joseph Holt, Ky. ; Horatio King, Me. Attorneys- General— ^^QreminXi S. Black, Pa. ; Edwin M. Stanton, Pa. National Expenses and Debt, 13th Administration. ^e«^- Expenses. Debt. 1857 ........ $71,274,587 $29,060,386 1858 82,002,186 44.910,777 1859 83,678,643 58,754,699 I860 77,055,125 64,769,703 Imports and Exports, Thirteenth Administration. ^car. Imports. Exports. 1857 $362,890,141 $362,960,608 1858 282,613,150 324,644,421 1859 338,768,130 356,789,641 I860 362,162,541 400,122,296 212 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK FOURTEENTH ADMINISTRATION. Abraham Lincoln, Sixteenth President of the United States, was born in Hardin County, Kentucky, on the 12th of February, 1809. His early home was one of extreme pov- erty, but of strict virtue. His mother, an intelligent Chris- tian lady, taught him to read and write. In 1816 his pa- rents removed to what is now Spencer County, Indiana. Here he received a few months of schooling, the only advan- tages of that kind he ever enjoyed. His youth was charac- terized by stalwart physical growth, by great industry, honesty, and a thirst for learning. In 1830 his father removed to Decatur County, 111., and established himself on an uncultivated farm. Here Abraham split rails for fencing, which, in later years, gave him the OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 213 title of " rail-splitter." During these years he mastered all the books within his reach, and hungered for more. In 1832, he served as captain of volunteers in the war against Black Hawk, and two years later he was elected to the Legislature of Illinois, where he continued four years. In 1836, he was admitted to the bar, and the following year opened an office at Springfield, and gradually rose to the first rank as an attorney. In politics he was a Whig in his early years, and in 1844 canvassed the State for Henry Clay. In 1846, he was elected to Congress. In 1848, he canvassed the State for Gen. Taylor, and in 1858, he canvassed it again in opposition to Judge Douglas for the U. S. Senatorship. In 1860, he was nominated by the Republicans for the Presidency, and elected, by a minority of the people, three other tickets being in the field. His election was made the occasion for the secession of States, and the attempt to de- stroy the Union, which President Buchanan did not prevent. Finding that nothing but armed force could hold the States together, he reluctantly accepted the issue, mustering hun- dreds of thousands of troops, and waging through his first term a war of astounding magnitude, resulting in the com- plete triumph of the Federal authority. His Emancipation Proclamation, a war measure, taking effect January, 1863, obliterated cliattel slavery forever in the United States. He was re-elected by an immense popular majority in 1864, but was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, April 14th, 1865. He gathered around him in office the greatest minds. He was honest, fearless, pure, — a statesman and a patriot. 214 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK Andrew Johnson, Vice-President, succeeded Mr. Lin- coln, and thus became the Fifteenth President of the U. S. He was born at Raleigh, N. C, Dec. 29th, 1808. His family was so poor that he received no public schooling, and at ten was apprenticed to a tailor. He married and settled at Greenville, Tenn. His wife became his instructor, and he soon became mayor of the town, after which he was elected to the Legislature, and went from that to Congress, where he remained for several years. He served several years in the U. S. Senate, and in 1862 was made Military Governor of Tennessee. Though previously a rigid pro-Slavery Democrat, he changed his politics and was elected on the ticket with Mr. Lincoln. Soon after his installation as President, a painful disagreement arose between him and Congress, which unhappily continued through his entire administration. Pie died July 30th, 1875. Hannibal Hamlin was born at Paris, Me., Aug. 27, 1809. He spent his earlier years on his father's farm, com- menced the study of law when 21 ; and was admitted to the bar in 1833, was a member of the Maine Legislature four years, twice elected to Congress and to the U. S. Senate, in 1848 was re-elected two subsequent terms of six years each. In 1857 was elected Governor of Maine and Vice-President in 1860. Candidates for President and Vice-Pres., 14th Adm. For President. \ From. \ For Vice-Pres. \ From. \ Politics. Abraham Lincoln, 111. Hannibal Hamlin, Me. Repub. J, C. Breckenridge, Ky. James Lane, Oreg. Dem. Stephen A. Douglas, 111. H. V. Johnson, Ga. Dem. John Bell, Tenn. Edward Everett, Mass. Union, of american progress. 215 Second Term. Abraham Lincoln, 111. Andrew Johnson, Tenn., Repub. Geo. B McClellan, N. J. Geo. H. Pendleton, Ohio, Dem. Popular and Electoral Vote, 14th Adm. Number of States voting, first term thirty -three. Minnesota and Oregon admitted during previous term. Whole number of electors, 303. For President. Abraham Lincoln, 1,857,610 votes. Electoral votes, 180. John C. Breckenridge, 847,953 " " " 72. Stephen A. Douglas, 1,365,978 " " " 12. John Bell, 590,631 " « « 39. For Vice-President. Hannibal Hamlin, 180 Electoral votes. James Lane, 72 " " H. y. Johnson, 12 « « Edward Everett, 39 " " Second Term.— Number' of States voting, 25. South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Georgia, Tennesses, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Arkansas, Florida and Texas being in rebellion, did not vote. Since last election Kansas, West Virginia and Nebraska were admitted. Whole number of Electors, 233. For President. Abraham Lincoln, 3,213,035 votes. Electoral votes, 212. Geo. B. McClellan, 1,811,734 « « « 21- 216 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK For Vice-President, Andrew Johnson, 212 Electoral votes. Geo. H. Pendleton, 21 " « President Lincoln died April 15th, 1865, and Vice-Presi- dent Johnson became President, and L. S. Foster, of Conn., became acting Vice-President. Important Events of the 14th Administration. 1861 March 4. Abraham Lincoln inaugurated Pn sident. War of the Rebellion. See Contents for prominent events of the War. See Contents for Battles of the Rebellion. John A. Dix, Secretary of Treasury, dispatch to New Orleans : '•'-If any man attempt to haul down the American flag, shoot him on the spot.'" June 10. Napoleon III. proclaims neutrality in the U. S. conflict. Nov. 30. The British minister, Lord Lyon, ordered to leave the country if the confederate com- missioners, Mason and Slidel, were not released within seven days. Dec. 30. N.Y. banks suspend specie payment, follow- ed by other cities — silver resumed fifteen years later, May, 1876, by act of Congress. 1862 July 1. The President calls for 300,000 more troops. 1863 Jan. 1. President Lincoln's Emancipation Proc- lamation goes into effect (issued Sept. 22, 1862). June 20. West Virginia admitted into the Union. July 13-16. Great Draft Riots in N. Y. and other cities. OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 217 1864 Feb. 1. President orders a draft for more men. July 18. President calls for 500,000 volunteers. Oct. 31. Nevada admitted into the Union. 1865 April 9. Surrender of Lee's army to Grant. April 14. President Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth. Andrew Johnson inaugurated President. 27. Booth, the assassin of President Lincoln, mort- tally wounded and captured. May 10. Jefferson Davis captured in Georgia. Dec. 18. Slavery abolished by the ratification of Fifteenth Amendment by three-fourths of the States. 1866 Atlantic Cable successfully laid. Feb. 19. The Freedman's Bureau bill, requiring the government to take care of the emancipated slaves and poor whites of the South. Vetoed by Pres. Johnson. The bill passed over his veto July 16. March. 27. The Civil Rights Bill which accorded to the negro every right enjoyed by the white man, vetoed by the President. The bill passed Congress over his veto, April 9. 1867 March 1. Nebraska admitted as a Stale. May 13. Horace Greeley and others sign Jefferson Davi's bail bond at Richmond,Va.,andheis released. June 20. Alaska purchased from Russia for $7,- 200,000. 1868 Feb. 24. President Johnson impeached by the House, and acquitted May 16. 218 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK Cabinet Officers, 14th Administration — 1861-1869. Secretary of State. — William H. Seward, N. Y. Secretaries of the Treasury. — Salmon P. Chase, Ohio ; William Pitt Fessenden, Me. ; Hugh McCuUoch, Ind. Secretaries of War. — Simon Cameron, Pa. ; Edwin M. Stanton, Pa. ; Ulysses S. Grant, 111. ; John M. Schofield, Mo. Secretary of the Navy.- — Gideon Wells, Conn. Secretaries of the Interior. — Caleb B. Smith, Ind. ; John P. Usher, Ind. ; James Harlan, Iowa ; O. II. Browning, 111. Postmasters- General. — Montgomery Blair, Md. ; William Dennison, Ohio ; Alex. W. Randall, Wis. Attorneys- General. — Edward Bates, Mo. ; James J. Speed, Ky. ; Henry Stanberry, Ohio ; William M. Evarts, N. Y. National Expenses and Debt, 14th Administration. Year. Expenses. Debt. 1861 $ 85,387,313 % 90,867,828 1862 570,841,700 514,211,371 1863 805,796,630 1,098,796,181 1864 1,298,144,656 1,740,690,489 1865 1,897,674,224 2,682,593,026 1866 1,141,072,666 2,783,425,879 1867 1,093,079,655 2,692,199,215 1868 1,069.889,970 2,636,320,964 Imports and Exports, 14th Administration. Year. Imports. Exports. 1861 $286,598,135 $243,971,277 1862 275,357,051 229,938,985 1863 252,919,920 322,359,254 1864 329,562,895 301,984,561 1865 234,339,810 336,697,123 1866 445,512,158 550,684,299 1867 411,733,309 438,577,312 1868 373,400,448 454,301,713 OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 219 FIFTEENTH ADMINISTRATION. •^•fowEfTur^ Ulysses S. Grant, Eigliteenth President of the United States, was born of good English ancestry, at Point Pleasant, Clermont County, Ohio, April 27th, 1822. His grandfather, Noah Grant, fought at the battle of Lexington, and was pro- moted to the rank of captain. Ulysses attended school at the Academy at Ripley, Ohio, after which he entered the Military Academy at West Point, where he graduated May 15th, 1839, being then scarcely eighteen years of age. He ranked as a fair, general scholar, and excelled in mathematics. He took part in the Mexican War, distinguishing himself for coolness and bravery, and was promoted to the rank of captain in 1853. He remained with his regiment until 1854, when he resigned, and in complete poverty returned to private 220 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK life. He tried farming and real estate business with but moderate success, after which he became a partner with his father in the leather trade, at Galena, 111. Here he remained until President Lincoln issued his call for 75,000 troops. He wrote to the authorities at Washington, tendering liis services, but received no reply. He marched to Springfield at the head of a company of volunteers. Governor Yates needed some one with military knowledge to assist him, and so made him his mustering officer. He soon held a colonel's commis- sion, and two months later was made Brigadier-General. On the 15tli of February, 18G2, he captured Fort Donelson, after much hard fighting, which was the first great victory of the war. His reply to the rebel General who attempted to delay his operations, "I propose to move immediately on your works," was caught up and repeated all through the country. Grant's reputation as a fighting General was now estal)- lished. At Pittsburgh Landing he was surprised : his army and his reputation suffered somewhat, but he grasped victory in his defeat. The capture of Vicksburg, and the consequent opening of the Mississippi River, was hailed with the wildest delight all over the North, and by common consent Grant became, in fact, the Generalissimo of the forces of the United States. His rapid promotions had no evil effects upon him. Placed in command of 700,000 armed men, he announced that his headquarters would be in the field, and promptly inaugurated two grand movements, the success of which ended the strug- gle. One of these against Atlanta, Georgia, he committed to General Sherman ; the other as^ainst Richmond, he conducted OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 221 himself. Driven from his stronghold, Lee, with the remnant of a great army, retreated to Appomattox Court House, where he surrendered to Grant, and the war ended. Grant's conduct in this great triumph was marked by a delicacy that extorted praise from his bitterest enemies on both sides. On the 21st of May, 1868, Grant was nominated for the Presidency, and was elected over Horatio Seymour by a large majority. His first term gave such satisfaction that he was re-nominated, June 5th, 1872, and was elected over Horace Greeley. President Grant has been an honest, virtuous Executive. His tenacity for his friends, the exclu- sion of more capable men, has led to numerous mistakes, which have somewhat dimmed the glory of his administration. Schuyler Colfax was bornin T»^. Y. City, Mar. 23, 1823. Removed to Indiana in 1836, and studied law and afterwards edited a newspaper. In 1851 was elected to Congress and six times re-elected. He served three terms as speaker of the House and was elected Vice-Pres. in 1860. Henry Wilson was born at Farmington, N. H., Feb. 16, 1812. Apprenticed to a farmer till 21 years of age, then followed shoemaking at Natick, Mass. He was a close student and filled numerous positions of trust and honor in his own State, was elected to the U. S. Senate in 1855, and served that body till elected Vice-Pres. in 1868. Died at Washington Nov. — 1875. 222 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK Candidates for President and Vice-President, 15th Adm. For Pres. From. For Vice-Pres. From. Politics. Ulysses S. Grant, 111., Schuyler Colfax, Ind. Republican. Horatio Seymour, N. Y., Francis P. Blair, Mo. Democrat. Second Term. Ulysses S. Grant, 111., Henry Wilson, Mass. Republican. Horace Greeley, N. Y., B. Gratz Brown, Mo. Liberal. Popular and Electoral Vote.— 15^^ Administra- tion. — Thirty-four States voting, Va., Miss., and Texas had no vote. They had not been re-admitted since the Rebel- lion. Whole number of Electors, 294. For President. U. S. Grant, 3,015,887 votes ; Electoral votes, 214. Horatio Seymour, 2,703,249 votes ; Electoral votes, 80. For Vice-President. Schuyler Colfax, Electoral votes, 214. Francis P. Blair, " « 80. Second Term. — Thirty-seven States voting. Whole num- ber of Electors, 360. Frr President. U. S. Grant, 3,592,984 votes ; Electoral votes, 300. Horace Greeley, 2,833,847 votes. Would have received 74 Electoral votes. He died before Electoral College met. For Vice-President. Henry Wilson, Electoral votes, 300. B. Gratz Brown, " " 66. OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 223 Important Events During 15th Adminis- tration. 1869 March 4. U. S. Grant inaugurated President. Nov. 4. Death of George Peabody. 1870 Oct. 12. Death of Gen. Robert E. Lee. 1871 Jan. 26. Congress repeals the income tax. March 5. Great riot (Chinaman's) in San Fran- cisco. July 12. Orange Riot (attacked by Catholics) in N. Y. Oct. 7-9. The great Chicago fire. " 8. Great forest fires in Wis. and Mich. " 26. Wm. M. Tweed and others arrested for frauds on N. Y. city. 1872 March 26. Great earthquake and loss of life in Cal. June 17. The World's Peace Jubilee (Gilmore's) in Boston. Nov. 9-10. The great Boston fire. Barnum's Museum destroyed by fire in New York. 1873 Jan. 20. U. S. troops defeated by Modoc Indians. April 11. Gen Canby and Rev. Dr. Thomas mur- dered by Modoc Indians. Sept. 18. . Failure of Jay Cooke & Co., and others on Wall street, followed by panic of 1873. Oct. 3. Capt. Jack and other Modoc Indians ex- ecuted. Nov. 19. W. M. Tweed convicted for defrauding City of New York. 1874 March 11. Death of Charles Sumner. May 16. Mill River (Mass.) Reservoir Disaster. Fearful loss of life. Nov. 1. Arrival of Kalakana, King of Hawaiian Islands. 224 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 1875 Jan. 23. East River spanned by an Ice Bridge ; and pedestrians cross from Brooklyn to New- York. April 19. 1 00th Anniversary of the Battles of Concord and Lexington. June 17. Centennial Celebration of Bunker Hid. ■ Nov. 22. Death of Vice-President Henry Wilson • Nov. 24. Death of William B. Astor. Aged 84. The wealthiest man in America ; estimated at $150,000,000. June 26. Gen. Custer and 311 United States troops defeated and killed by Sioux Indians, led by Sitting Bull. August 14. East River spanned by the first wire in the construction of the New York and Brook- lyn Bridge. 1876 March 2. . April 10. Death of A. T. Stewart, the Merchant Prince. April 15. Dom Pedro, Emperor of Brazil, visits New^ York. May 1 0. Grand Opening of the World's Exhibition at Philadelphia. OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 225 Cabinet Officers, 15th Administration — 1869-1877. Secretary of State — Hamilton Fish, N. Y. Secretaries of the Treasury — B. H. Bristow, Ky. ; Lot M. Morrell, Vt. Secretaries of War — Wm. W. Belknap, Iowa ; J. D. Cam- eron, Pa. Secretary of the Navy — Geo. M. Robeson, N. J. Secretary of the Interior — C. Delano, Ohio ; Z. Chandler, Mich. Attorney- General — Edwd. Pierrepont, N. Y. Postmasters- General — J. A. Creswell, Md. ; Marshall Jewell, Conn. ; Joseph N. Tyner, Ind. National Expenses and Debt, 15th Administration. Tear. Expenses. Debt. 1869 .... $322,865,277.80 $2,588,452,213.94 1870 . . 309,653,560.75 2,480,672,427.81 1871 . . 292,177,188.25 2,353,211,332.32 1872 . . 277,517,962.67 2,253,251,328.78 1873 . 290,345,245.33 2,202,952,993.20 1874 . . 287,133,873.17 2,192,930,468.43 1875 . 274,623,392.84 2,173,869,531.95 1876 . . 258,459,797.33 2,146,730,067.15 Imports and Exports, 15th Administration. Tear. Imports. Exports. 1869 .... $437,314,255 $343,256,077 1870 . . 462,377,587 450,927,434 1871 . . 341,000,000 541,500,000 1872 . 640,000,000 523,900,000 1873 . 693,600,000 542,600,000 1874 . . 595,800,000 653,000,000 1875 . . 553,900,000 605,500,000 1876 . 476,500,000 15 599,500,000 PEESEJENT JACKSON'S PEOCLAKATION. 227 PRESIDENT JACKSON'S PEOCLAMATION, ISSUED IN 1832, WHEN SOUTH OAEOLINA UNDEETOOK TO ANNUl THE FEDERAL EEVENUK LAW. Wheeeas a convention, assembled in the State of South Carolina, have passed an ordinance, by which they declare " that the several acts and parts of acts of the Congress of the United States, purporting to be laws for the imposing of duties and imposts on the importation of foreign commodities, and now having actual operation and effect within the United States, and more especially ' two acts for the same purposes, passed on the 29th of May, 1828, and on the 14th of July, 1832,' are unauthorized by the Constitution of the United States, and violate the true meaning and intent thereof, and are null and void, and no law," nor binding on the citizens of that State or its offi- cers; and by the said ordinance it is further declared to be unlawful for any of the constituted authori tieb of the State, or of the United States, to enforce 228 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. the payment of tlie duties imposed by tlie said acta within the same State, and that it is the duty of the legislature to pass such laws as may be necessary to give full effect to the said ordinances : I And whereas, by the said ordinance it is furthei ordained, that, in no case of law or equity, decided in the courts of said State, wherein shall be drawn in question the validity of the said ordinance, or of the acts of the legislature that may be passed to give it effect, or of the said laws of the United States, no appeal shall be allowed to the Supreme Court of the United States, nor shall any copy of the record be permitted or allowed for that purpose ; and that any person attempting to take such appeal, shall be pun- ished as for a contempt of court : And, finally, the said ordinance declares that the people of South Carolina wdll maintain the said ordi- nance at every hazard ; and that they will consider the passage of any act by Congress abolishing or closing tlie ports of the said State, or otherwise ob- structing the free ingress or egress of vessels to and from the said ports, or any other act of the Federal Government to coerce the State, shut up her ports, destroy or harass her commerce, or to enforce the said acts otherwise than through the civil tribunals of the country, as inconsistent with the longer con- tinuance of South Carolina in the Union ; and that PRESIDENT JACKSON^S PEOCLAMATIOK. 229 the people of the said State will thenceforth hold themselves absolved from all further obligation to maintain or preserve their political connection with the people of the other States, and will forthwith proceed to organize a separate government, and do all other acts and things which sovereign and inde- pendent States may of right do: And whereas the said ordinance prescribes to the people of South Carolina a course of conduct in direct violation of their duty as citizens of the United States, contrary to the laws of their country, subver- sive of its Constitution, and having for its object the destruction of the Union — that Union, which, coeval with our political existence, led our fathers, without any other ties to unite them than those of patriotism and common cause, through a sanguinary struggle to a glorious independence — that sacred Union, hitherto, inviolate, which, perfected by our happy Constitu- tion, has brought us, by the favor of Heaven, to a state of prosperity at home, and high consideration abroad, rarely, if ever, equaled in the history of na- tions ; to preserve this bond of our political existence from destruction, to maintain inviolate this state of national honor and prosperity, and to justify the con- fidence my fellow-citizens have reposed in me, I, Andrew Jackson, President of the United States, have thought proper to issue this, mj Peoclamation, 530 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. stating my views of the Constitution and lawa applicable to the measures adopted by the Conven- tion of South Carolina, and to the reasons they have put forth to sustain them, declaring the course which duty will require me to pursue, and, appealing to the understanding and patriotism of the people, warn them of the consequences that must inevitably result from an observance of the dictates of the Convention. Strict duty would require of me nothing more than the exercise of those powers with which I am now, or may hereafter be, invested, for preserving the Union, and for the execution of the laws. But the imposing aspect which opposition has assumed in this case, by clothing itself with State authority, and the deep interest which the people of the United States must all feel in preventing a resort to stronger measures, while there is a hope that anything will be yielded to reasoning and remonstrances, perhaps demand, and will certainly justify, a full exposition to South Carolina and the nation of the views I en- tertain of this important question, as well as a distinct enunciation of the course which my sense of duty will require me to pursue. The ordinance is founded, not on the indefeasible right of resisting acts which are plainly unconstitu- tional, and too oppressive to be endured, but on the strange position that any one State may not only 231 declare an act of Congress void, but prohibit its exe- cution — that they may do this consistently with the Constitution — that the true construction of that instrument permits a State to retain its place in the Union, and yet be bound by no other of its laws than those it may choose to consider as constitutional. It is true they add, that, to justify this abrogation of a law, it must be palpably contrary to the Constitution ; but it is evident, that to give the right of resisting laws of that description, coupled with the uncon- trolled right to decide what laws deserve that char- acter, is to give the power of resisting all laws. For, as by the theory, there is no appeal, the reasons alleged by the State, good or bad, must prevail. If it should be said that public opinion is a sufficient check against the abuse of this power, it may be asked why is it not deemed a sufficient guard against the passage of an unconstitutional act by Congress. There is, however, a restraint in this last case, which makes the assumed power of a State more indefensi- ble, and which does not exist in the other. There are two appeals from an unconstitutional act passed by Congress— one to the judiciary, the other to the people and the States. There is no appeal from the State decision in theory ; and the practical illustra- tration shows that the courts are closed against an application to review it, both judges and jurors being 232 NAlTONAL aANi)-BOOK. sworn to decide in its favor. But reasoning on this subject is superfluous, when our social compact in express terms declares, that the laws of the United States, its Constitution, and treaties made under it, are the supreme law of the land ; and for greater caution adds, " that the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding." And it may be asserted, without fear of refutation, that no federative government could exist without a similar provision. Look, for a moment, to the conse- quence. If South Carolina considers the revenue laws unconstitutional, and has a right to prevent their execution in the port of Charleston, there would be a clear constitutional objection to their collection in every other port, and no revenue could be collected anywhere ; for all imposts must be equal. It is no answer to repeat that an unconstitutional law is no law, so long as the question of its legality is to be decided by the State itself ; for every law operating injuriously upon any local interest will be perhaps thought, and certainly represented, as unconstitu- tional, and, as has been shown, there is no appeal. If this doctrine had been established at an earlier day, the Union would have been dissolved in its infancy. The excise law in Pennsylvania, the em- bargo and non-intercourse law in the Eastern States, pEEsiDENT Jackson's proclamation. 235 tlie carriage tax in Yirginia, were all deemed uncon- stitutional, and were more unequal in their operation than any of the laws now complained of ; but, fortu- nately, none of those States discovered that they had the right now claimed by South Carolina. The war into which we were forced, to support the dignity of the nation and the rights of our citizens, might have ended in defeat and disgrace, instead of victory and honor, if the States, who supposed it a ruinous and unconstitutional measure, had thought they possessed the right of nullifying the act by which it was de- clared, and denying supplies for its prosecution. Hardly and unequally as those measures bore upon several members of the Union, to the legislatures of none did this efficient and peaceable remedy, as it is called, suggest itself. The discovery of this impor- tant feature in our Constitution was reserved to the present day. To the statesmen of South Carolina belongs the invention, and upon the citizens of that State will, unfortunately, fall the evils of reducing it to practice. If the doctrine of a State veto upon the laws of the Union carries with it internal evidence of its im- practicable absurdity, our constitutional history will also afford abundant proof that it would have been repudiated with indignation had it been proposed to form a feature in our government. 234 NATIONAli HAND-BOOK. In our colonial state, although dependent on an- other power, we very early considered ourselves as connected bj common interest with each other. Leagues were formed for common defense, and before the Declaration of Independence, we were known in our aggregate character as the United Colonies of America. That decisive and important step was taken jointly. We declared ourselves a nation by a joint, not by several acts ; and when the terms of our confederation were reduced to form, it was in that of a solemn league of several States, by which they agreed that they would, collectively, form one nation, for the purpose of conducting some certain domestic concerns, and all foreign relations. In the instrument forming that Union, is found an article which declares that " every State shall abide by the determinations of Congress on all questions which by that Confederation should be submitted to them." Under the Confederation, then, no State could legally annul a decision of the Congress, or refuse to submit to its execution ; but no provision was made to enforce these decisions. Congress made requisi- tions, but they were not complied with. The gov- ernment could not operate on individuals. They had no judiciary, no means of collecting revenue. But the defects of the Confederation need not be detailed. Under its operation we could scarcely be PRESIDENT Jackson's pkoclamation. 235 called a nation. We had neither prosperity at home nor consideration abroad. This state of things could not be endured, and our present happy Constitution was formed, but formed in vain, if this fatal doctrine prevails. It was formed for important objects that are announced in the preamble made in the name and by the authority of the people of the United States, whose delegates framed, and whose conven- tions approved, it. The most important among these objects, that which is placed first in rank, on which all the others rest, is " to form a more perfect TJnionP Now, it is possible that, even if there were no express provision giving supremacy to the Constitution and laws of the United States over those of the States, it can be conceived that an instrument made for the purpose of ''^forming a more perfect Union^^ than that of the Confederation, could be so constructed by the assem- bled wisdom of our country as to substitute for that confederation a form of government, dependent for its existence on the local interest, the party spirit of a State, or of a prevailing faction in a State ? Every man, of plain, unsophisticated understanding, who hears the question, will give such an answer as will preserve the Union. Metaphysical subtlety, in pur- suit of an impracticable theory, could alone have devised one that is calculated to destroy it. 236 KAtlOiTAt ifAND-BOOit. I consider, then, the power to annul a law of the United States, assumed by one State, inconvpatible with the existence of the Union^ cont/radicted expressly hy the letter of the Constitution^ unauthorized hy its fipirit^ inconsistent with every princijple on which it was founded^ and destructive of the great object for which it was formed. After this general view of the leading principle, we must examine the particular application of it which is made in the ordinance. The preamble rests its justification on these grounds : It assumes as a fact, that the obnoxious laws, although they purport to be laws for raising revenue, were in reality intended for the protection of manufactures, which purpose it asserts to be un- constitutional ; that the operation of these laws is unequal ; that the amount raised by them is greater than is required by the wants of the government ; and, finally, that the proceeds are to be applied to objects unauthorized by the Constitution. These are the only causes alleged to justify an open opposition to the laws of the country, and a threat of seceding from the Union, if any attempt should be made to enforce them. The first actually acknowledges that the law in question was passed under power ex- pressly given by the Constitution, to lay and collect imposts ; but its constitutionality is drawn in ques- PRESIDENT Jackson's proclamation. 237 tion from the motives of those who passed it. How- ever apparent this purpose may be in the present case nothing can be more dangerous than to admit the position that an unconstitutional purpose, enter- tained by the members who assent to a law enacted under a constitutional power, shall make that law void; for how is that purpose to be ascertained? Who is to make the scrutiny ? How often may bad purposes be falsely imputed? In how many cases are they concealed by false professions? In how many is no declaration of motive made ? Admit this doctrine, and you give to the States an uncontrolled right to decide, and every law may be annulled under this pretext. If, therefore, the absurd and dangerous doctrine should be admitted, that a State may annul an unconstitutional law, or one that it deems such, it will not apply to the present case. The next objection is, that the laws in question operate unequally. This objection may be made with truth to every law that has been or can be passed. The wisdom of man never yet contrived a system of taxation that would operate with perfect equality. If the unequal operation of a law makes it unconstitutional, and if all laws of that description may be abrogated by any State for that cause, then, indeed, is the federal Constitution unworthy of the slightest efforts for its preservation. We have hith- 238 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. erto relied on it as the perpetual bond of our Union. We have received it as the work of the assembled wisdom of the nation. "We have trusted to it as to the sheet-anchor of our safety, in the stormy times of conflict with a foreign or domestic foe. We have looked to it with sacred awe as the palladium of our liberties, and with all the solemnities of religion have pledged to each other our lives and fortunes here, and our hopes of happiness hereafter, in its defense and support. Were we mistaken, my countrymen, in attaching this importance to the Constitution of our country ? Was our devotion paid to the wretched, inefficient, clumsy contrivance, which this new doc- trine would make it ? Did we pledge ourselves to the support of an airy nothing — a bubble that must be blown away by the first breath of disaffection ? Was this self-destroying, visionary theory the work of the profound statesmen, the exalted patriots, to whom the task of constitutional reform was intrusted? Did the name of Washington sanction, did the States de- liberately ratify, such an anomaly in the history of fundamental legislation? 'No. We were not mis- taken. The letter of this great instrument is free from this radical fault ; its language directly contra- dicts the imputation; its spirit, its evident intent, contradicts it. No, we did not err. Our Constitu- tion does not contain the absurdity of giving power PRESIDENT Jackson's proclamation. 239 to make laws, and another power to resist them. The sages, whose memory will always be reverenced, have given us a practical, and, as they hoped, a per* manent constitutional compact. The Father of his Country did not affix his revered name to so palpable an absurdity. ]^or did the States, when they sever- ally ratified it, do so under the impression that a veto on the laws of the United States was reserved to them, or that they could exercise it by application. Search the debates in all their conventions — examine the speeches of the most zealous opposers of federal authority — look at the amendments that were pro- posed. They are all silent — not a syllable uttered, not a vote given, not a motion made, to correct the explicit supremacy given to the laws of the Union over those of the States, or to show that implication, as is now contended, could defeat it. Ko, we have not erred ! The Constitution is still the object of our reverence, the bond of our union, our defense in danger, the source of our prosperity in peace. It shall descend, as we have received it, uncorrupted by sophistical construction, to our posterity ; and the sacrifices of local interest, of State prejudices, of per- sonal animosities, that were made to bring it into existence, will again be patriotically offered for its support. The two remaining objections made by the ordi- 240 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. nance to these laws are, that the sums intended to be raised by them are greater than are required, and that the proceeds will be unconstitutionally employed. The Constitution has given expressly to Congress the right of raising revenue, and of determining the sum the public exigencies will require. The States have no control over the exercise of this right other than that which results from the power of changing the representatives who abuse it, and thus procure re- dress. Congress may undoubtedly abuse this discre- tionary power, but the same may be said of others with which they are vested. Yet the discretion must exist somewhere. The Constitution has given it to the representatives of all the people, checked by the representatives of the States, and by the executive power. The South Carolina construction gives it to the legislature, or the convention of a single State, whei'e neither the people of the different States, nor the States in their separate capacity, nor the chief magistrate elected by the people, have any represen- tation. Which is the most discreet disposition of the power ? I do not ask you, fellow-citizens, which ia the constitutional disposition — that instrument speaks a language not to be misunderstood. But if you were assembled in general convention, which would you think the safest depository of this discretionary power in the last resort? Would you add a clause giving PRESIDENT Jackson's peoclamation. 241 it to each of the States, or would you sanction the wise provisions already made by your Constitution ? If this should be the result of your deliberations when providing for the future, are you — can you — be ready to risk all that we hold dear, to establish, for a tem- porary and a local purpose, that which you must acknowledge to be destructive, and even absurd, as a general provision ? Carry out the consequences of this right vested in the different States, and you must perceive that the crisis your conduct presents at this day would recur whenever any law of the United States displeased any of the States, and that we should soon cease to be a nation. The ordinance, with the same knowledge of the future that characterizes a former objection, tells you that the proceeds of the tax will be unconstitutionally applied. If this could be ascertained with certainty, the objection would, with more propriety, be reserved for the law so applying the proceeds, but surely can not be urged against the laws levying the duty. These are the allegations contained in the ordi- uance. Examine them seriously, my fellow-citizens —judge for yourselves. I appeal to you to deter- mine whether they are so clear, so convincing, as to leave no doubt of their correctness ; and even if you should come to this conclusion, how far they justify 16 242 NATioNAii hajsd-boob:. the reckless, destructive course which you are directed to pursue. Review these objections, and the conclu- sions drawn from them once more. What are they ? Every law, then, for raising revenue, according to the South Carolina ordinance, may be rightfully an- nulled, unless it be so framed as no law ever will or can be framed. Congress have a right to pass laws for raising revenue, and each State has a right to oppose their execution — two rights directly opposed to each other; and yet is this absurdity supposed to be contained in an instrument drawn for the express purpose of avoiding collisions between the States and the general government, by an assembly of the most enlightened statesmen and purest patriots ever em- bodied for a similiar purpose. In vain have these sages declared that Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties, im- posts, and excises — in vain have they provided that they shall have power to pass laws which shall be necessary and proper to carry those powers into execution, that those laws and that Constitution shall be the " supreme law of the land ; and that the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any- thing in the constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding." In vain have the people of the several States solemnly sanctioned these pro- visions, made them their paramount law, and indi- PEESiDENT Jackson's peoclamation. 243 vidually sworn to support them whenever they were called on to execute any office. Yain provisions ! Ineffectual restrictions ! Vile profanation of oaths ! Miserable mockery of legisla- tion ! If a bare majority of the voters in any one State may, on a real or supposed knowledge of the intent with which a law has been passed, declare themselves free from its operation — say here it gives too little, there too much, and operates unequally — here it suffers articles to be free that ought to be taxed, there it taxes those that ought to be free — in this case the proceeds are intended to be applied to purposes which we do not approve, in that the amount raised is more than is wanted. Congress, it is true, are invested by the Constitution with the right of deciding these questions according to their sound discretion. Congress is composed of the repre- sentatives of all the States, and of all the people of all the States ; but we, part of the people of one State, to whom the Constitution has given no power on the subject, from whom it has expressly taken it away — we^ who have solemnly agreed that this Con- stitution shall be our law — we^ most of whom have sworn to support it — we now abrogate this law, and swear, and force others to swear, tliat it shall not be obeyed — and we do this, not because Congress have no right to pass such laws ; this we do not allege ; 244 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. but because thej have passed them with improper views. They are unconstitutional from the motives of those who pass them, which we can never with certainty know, from their unequal operation; although it is impossible from the nature of things that they should be equal — and from the disposition which we presume may be made of their proceeds, although that disposition has not been declared. This is the plain meaning of the ordinance in rela- tion to laws which it abrogates for alleged unconsti- tutionality. But it does not stop here. It repeals, in express terms, an important part of the Constitu- tion itself, and of laws passed to give it effect, which have never been alleged to be unconstitutional. The Constitution declares that the judicial powers of the United States extend to cases arising under the laws of the United States, and that such laws the Constitution and treaties shall be paramount to the State constitutions and laws. The judiciary act pre- scribes the mode by which the case may be brought before a court of the United States, by appeal, when a State tribunal shall decide against this provision of the Constitution. The ordinance declares there shall be no appeal ; makes the State law paramount to the Constitution and laws of the United States ; forces judges and jurors to swear that they will dis- regard their provisions ; and even makes it penal in l*RE87DfiNT JACKSOn's PEOCLAArATION. 245 a suitor to attempt relief by appeal. It further declares that it shall not be lawful for the authorities of the United States, or of that State, to enforce the payment of duties imposed by the revenue laws within its limits. Here is a law of the United States, not even pretended to be unconstitutional, repealed by the authority of a small majority of the voters of a single State. Here is a provision of the Constitution which is solenmly abrogated by the same authority. On such expositions and reasonings, the ordi- nance grounds not only an assertion of the right to annul the laws of which it complains, but to enforce it by a threat of seceding from the Union, if any attempt is made to execute them. This right to secede is deduced from the nature of the Constitution, which they say is a compact between sovereign States, who have preserved their whole sovereignty, and therefore are subject to no superior ; that because they made the compact, they can break it when in their opinion it has been departed from by the other States. Fallacious as this course of reasoning is, it enlists State pride, and finds advocates in the honest prejudices of those who have not studied the nature of our government suffi- ciently to see the radical error on which it rests. The people of the United States formed the Con- 246 NATIONAL FAND-BOOK. stitution, acting tlirough the State legislatures, in making the compact, to meet and discuss its provis- ions, and acting in separate conventions when they ratified those provisions ; but the term used in its construction show it to be a government in which the people of all the States collectively are repre- sented. We are one people in the choice of the, President and Yice-President. Here the States have no other agency than to direct the mode in which the votes shall be given. The candidates having the majority of all the votes are chosen. The electors of a majority of States may have given their votes for one candidate, and yet another may be chosen. The people then, and not the States, are represented in the executive branch. In the House of Representatives there is this difference, that the people of one State do not, as in the case of President and Yice-President, all vote for all the members, each State electing only its own representatives. But this creates no material distinc- tion. When chosen, they are all representatives of the United States, not representatives of the particu- lar State from which they come. They are paid by the United States, not by the State ; nor are they accountable to it for any act done in performance of their legislative functions ; and however they may in practice, as it is their duty to do, consult and pre- 247 fer the interests of their particular constituents when they come in conflict with any other partial or local interest, yet it is their first and highest duty, as representatives of the United States, to promote the general good. The Constitution of the United States, then, forms a government^ not a league, and whether it be formed by compact between the States, or in any other manner, its character is the same. It is a gov- ernment in which all the people are represented, which operates directly on the people individually, not upon the States ; they retained all the power they did not grant. But each State having expressly parted with so many powers as to constitute jointly with the other States a single nation, can not from that period possess any right to secede, because such secession does not break a league, but destroys the unity of a nation, and any injury to that unity is not only a breach which would result from the contra- vention of a compact, but it is an offense against the whole Union. To say that any State may at pleas- ure secede from the Union, is to say that the United States is not a nation ; because it would be a sole- cism to contend that any part of a nation might dissolve its connection with the other parts, to their mjnry or ruin, without committing any offense. Secession, like any other revolutionary act, may be 248 NATIONAL HANi)-B00i^. morally justified by the extremity of oppression ; but to call it a constitutional right, is confounding the meaning of terms, a7id can only be done through gross error, or to deceive those who are willing to assert a right, but would pause before they made a revolution, or incur the penalties consequent upon a failure. Because the Union was formed by compact, it is said the parties to that compact may, when they feel aggrieved, depart from it ; but it is precisely because it is a compact that they cannot. A contract is an agreement or binding obligation. It may by its terms have a sanction or penalty for its breach, or it may not. If it contains no sanction, it may be broken with no other consequence than moral guilt ; if it have a sanction, then the breach incurs the designated or implied penalty. A league between independent nations, generally, has no sanction other than a moral one ; or if it should contain a penalty, as there is no common superior, it cannot be enforced. A government, on the contrary, always has a sanction, express or implied ; and, in our case, it is both necessarily implied and expressly given. An attempt by force of arms to destroy a govern ment is an offense, by whatever means the constitu- tional compact may have been formed ; and such government has the right, by the law of self-defense, I'ttiBSIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION. ^45 to pass acts for punishing the offender, unless that right is modified, restrained, or resumed by the con- stitutional act. In our system, although it is modi- fied in the case of treason, yet authority is expressly given to pass all laws necessary to carry its powers into effect, and under this grant provision has been made for punishing acts which obstruct the due administration of the laws. It would seem superfluous to add anything to show the nature of that union which connects us ; but as erroneous opinions on this subject are the foundation of doctrines the most destructive to our peace, I must give some further development to my views on this subject. ISTo one, fellow-citizens, has a higher reverence for the reserved rights of the States than the magistrate who now addresses you. No one would make greater personal sacrifices, or ofti cial exertions, to defend them from violation ; but equal care must be taken to prevent, on their part, an improper interference with, or resumption of, the rights they have vested in the nation. The line has not been so distinctly drawn as to avoid doubts in some cases of the exercise of power. Men of the best intentions and soundest views may differ in their construction of some parts of the Constitution ; but there are others on which dispassionate reflection can leave no doubt. Of this nature appears to be 250 NATIONAL HAm)-BOOK:. the assumed right of secession. It rests, as we have seen, on the alleged and undivided sovereignty of the States, and of their having formed in this sovereign capacity a compact which is called the Constitution, from which, because they made it, they have the right to secede. Both of these positions are errone- ous, and some of the arguments to prove them so have been anticipated. The States severally have not retained their entire sovereignty. It has been shown that in becoming parts of a nation, not members of a league, they surrendered many of their essential parts of sovereignty. The right to make treaties, declare war, levy taxes, exercise judicial and legislative powers, were all functions of sovereign power. The States, then, for all these important purposes, were no longer sovereign. The allegiance of their citizens was transferred in the first instance to the govern- ment of the United States ; they became American citizens, and owed obedience to the Constitution of the United States, and to laws made in conformity with the powers vested in Congress. This last posi- tion has not been, and can not be, denied. How, then, can that State be said to be sovereign and independent whose citizens owe obedience to laws not made by it, and whose magistrates are sworn to disregard those laws, when they come in conflict PRESIDENT JACKSON^S PROCLAMATION 251 with those passed by another ? What shows condu eivelj that the States can not be said to have reserved an undivided sovereignty, is that they expressly ceded the right to punish treason — not treason against a separate power, but treason against the United States. Treason is an offense against sov- ereignty, and sovereignty must reside with the power to punish it. But the reserved rights of the States are not less sacred because they have for their com- mon interest made the general government the depository of these powers. The unity of our politi- cal character (as has been shown for another pur- pose) commenced with its very existence. Under the royal government we had no separate character ; our opposition to its oppression began as united COLONIES. We were the United States under the Confederation, and the name was perpetuated and the Union rendered more perfect by the federal Con- stitution. In none of these stages did we consider ourselves in any other light than as forming one nation. Treaties and alliances were made in the name of all. Troops were raised for the joint defense. How, then, with all these proofs, that under all changes of our position we had, for desig- nated purposes and with defined powers, created national governments — how is it that the most per- fect of these several modes of union should now be ^^2 NATIONAL IIANt)-:feOO^. considered as a mere league that may be dissolved at pleasure? It is from an abuse of terms. Compact is used as synonymous with league, although the true term is not employed, because it would at once show the fallacy of the reasoning. It would not do tc say that our Constitution was only a league, but it is labored to prove it a compact (which, in one sense, it is), and then to argue that as a league is a compact, every compact between nations must, of course, be a league, and that from such an engagement every sovereign power has a right to recede. But it has been shown that in this sense the States are not sovereign, and that even if they were, and the national Constitution had been formed by compact, there would be no right in any one State to exone- rate itself from the obligation. So obvious are the reasons wliich forbid this secession, that it is necessary only to allude to them. The Union was formed for the benefit of all. It was produced by mutual sacrifice of interest and opinions. Can those sacrifices be recalled ? Can the States, who magnanimously surrendered their title to the territories of the West, recall the grant ? Will the inhabitants of the inland States agree to pay the duties that may be imposed without their assent by those on the Atlantic or the Gulf, for their own benefit? Shall there be a free port in one State, PRESIDENT Jackson's peoclamation. 258 and enormous duties in another ? l^o one believes that any right exists in a single State to involve all the others in these and countless other evils, contrary to engagements solemnly made. Every one must see that the other States, in self-defense, must oppose it at all hazards. These are the alternatives that are presented by the convention : A repeal of all the acts for raising revenue, leaving the government without the means of support ; or an acquiesce in the dissolution of our Union by the secession of one of its members. When the first was proposed, it was known that it could not be listened to for a moment. It was known if force was applied to oppose the execution of the laws, that it must be repelled by force — that Congress could not, without involving itself in dis- grace and the country in ruin, accede to the proposi- tion ; and yet if this is not done in a given day, or if any attempt is made to execute the laws, the State is, by the ordinance, declared to be out of the Union. The majority of a convention assembled for the pur- pose have dictated these terms, or rather this rejection of all terms, in the name of the people of South Carolina. It is true that the governor of the State speaks of the submission of their grievances to a convention of all the States ; which, he says, they "sincerely and anxiously seek and desire." Yet this 2o4: NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. obvious and constitutional mode of obtaining the sense of the other States on the construction of the federal comj)act, and amending it, if necessary, has never been attempted by those who liave urged tlie State on to this destructive measure. The State might have proposed a call for a general convention to the other States, and Congress, if a sufficient num- ber of them concurred, must have called it. But the first magistrate of South Carolina, when he expressed a hope that, " on a review by Congress and the func- tionaries of the general government of the merits of the controversy," such a conrention will be accorded to them, must have known that neither Congress, nor any functionary in the general government, has authority to call such a convention, unless it be demanded by two-thirds of the States. This sug- gestion, then, is another instance of the reckless inattention to the provisions of the Constitution with which this crisis has been madly hurried on ; or of the attempt to persuade the people that a constitu- tional remedy has been sought and refused. If the legislature of South Carolina " anxiously desire " a general convention to consider their complaints, why have they not made application for it in the way the Constitution points out? The assertion that they " earnestly seek " it is completely negatived by the omission. 255 This, then is the position in which we stand. A small majority of the citizens of one State in the Union have elected delegates to a State convention ; that convention has ordained that all the revenue laws of the "United States must be repealed, or that they are no longer a member of the Union. The governor of that State has recommended to the legis- lature the raising of an army to carry the secession into effect, and that he may be empowered to give clearances to vessels in the name of the State, l^o act of violent opposition to the laws has yet been committed, but such a state of things is hourly appre- hended, and it is the intent of this instrument to PEOCLAiM, not only that the duty imposed on me by the Constitution, " to take care that the laws be faithfully executed," shall be performed to the extent of the powers already vested in me by law, or of such others as the wisdom of Congress shall devise and intrust to me for that purpose ; but to warn the citi- zens of South Carolina, who have been deluded into an opposition to the laws, of the danger they will incur by obedience to the illegal and disorganizing ordinance of the convention — to exhort those who have refused to support it to persevere in their deter- mination to uphold the Constitution and laws of their country, and to point out to all the perilous situa- tion into which the good people of that State have 266 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. been led, and that the course thej are urged to pur- sue is one of ruin and disgrace to the very State whose rights they effect to support. Fellow-citizens of my native State ! let me not only admonish you, as the first magistrate of our common country, not to incur the penalty of its laws, but use the influence that a father would over his children whom he saw rushing to a certain ruin. In that paternal language, with that paternal feeling, let me tell you, my countrymen, that you are deluded by men who are either deceived themselves or wish to deceive you. Mark under what pretenses you have been led on to the brink of insurrection and treason on which you stand ! First a diminution of the value of our staple commodity, lowered by over- production in other quarters and the consequent diminution in the value of your lands, were the sole effect of the tariff" laws. The effect of those laws was confessedly injurious, but the evil was greatly exaggerated by the unfounded theory you were taught to believe, that its burdens were in propor- tion to your exports, not to your consumption of imported articles. Your pride was roused by the assertions that a submission to these laws was a state of vassalage, and that resistance to them was equal, in patriotic merit, to the opposition our fathers offered to the oppressive laws of Great Britain. You 257 were told that this opposition might be peaceably — miglit be constitutionally made — that you might enjoy all the advantages of the Union and bear none of its burdens. Eloquent appeals to your passions, to your State pride, to your native courage, to your sense of real injury, were used to prepare you for the period when the mask which concealed the hideous features of disunion should be taken off. It fell, and you were made to look with complacency on objects which not long since you would have regarded with horror. Look back to the arts which have brought you to this state — look forward to the consequences to which it must inevitably lead! Look back to what was first told you as an inducement to enter into this dangerous course. The great political truth was repeated to you that you had the revolu- tionary right of resisting all laws that were palpably unconstitutional and intolerably oppressive — it was added that the right to nullify a law rested on the same principle, but that it was a peaceable remedy ! This character which was given to it, made you receive with too much confidence the assertions that were made of the unconstitutionality of the law and its oppressive effects. Mark, my fellow-citizens, that by the admission of your leaders the unconstitution ality must h^ palpable^ or it will justify either resist- ance or nullification ! What is the meaning of the 258 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. •word palpable in the sense in which it is here used \ — that which is apparent to every one, that which no man of ordinary intellect will fail to perceive. Is the nnconstitutionality of these laws of that descrip- tion ? Let those among yonr leaders who once approved and advocated the principles of protective duties, answer the question ; and let them choose whether they will be considered as incapable, then, of perceiving that which must have been apparent to every man of common understanding, or as imposing upon our confidence and endeavoring to mislead you now. In either case, they are unsafe guides in the perilous path they urge you to tread. Ponder well on this circumstance, and you will know how to appreciate the exaggerated language they address to you. They are not champions of liberty emulat- ing the fame of our Kevolutionary fathers, nor are you an oppressed people, contending, as they repeat to you, against worse than colonial vassalage. You are free members of a flourishing and happy Union. There is no settled design to oppress you. You have, indeed, felt the unequal operation of laws which may have been unwisely, not unconstitution- ally passed ; but that inequality must necessarily be removed. At the very moment when you were madly urged on to the unfortunate course you have begun, a change in public opinion has commenced. 259 The nearly approaching payment of the public debtj and the consequent necessity of a diminution of duties, liad already caused a considerable reduction, and that, too, on some articles of general consump- tion in your State. The importance of this change was underrated, and you were authoritatively told that no further alleviation of your burdens was to be expected, at the very time when the condition of the country imperiously demanded such a modification of the duties as sliould reduce them to a just and equitable scale. But, as apprehensive of the effect of this change in allaying your discontents, you were precipitated into a fearful state in which you now find yourselves. I have urged you to look back to the means that were used to hurry you on to the position you have now assumed, and forward to the consequences it will produce. Something more is necessary. Contem- plate the condition of that country of which you still form an important part ; consider its government uniting in one bond of common interest and general protection so many different States — giving to all their inhabitants the proud title of American citi- zens — protecting their commerce — securing their literature and arts — facilitating their intercommuni- cation — defending their frontiers — and making their name respected in the remotest parts of the earth 1 260 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Consider the extent of its territory, its increasing and happy population, its advance in arts, which render life agreeable, and the sciences which elevate the mind! See education spreading the lights of religion, morality, and general information into every cottage in this wide extent of our Territories and States ! Behold it as the asylum where the wretched and the oppressed find a refuge and support ! Look on this picture of happiness and honor, and say, we, 700, AEE CITIZENS OF America — Carolina is one of these proud States her arms have defended — her best blood has cemented this happy Union ! And then add, if you can, without horror and remorse, this happy Union we will dissolve — this picture of peace and prosperity we will deface — this free intercourse we will interrupt — these fertile fields we will deluge with blood — the protection of that glorious flag we renounce — the very name of Americans we discard. And for what, mistaken men ! For what do you throw away these inestimable blessings — for what would you exchange your share in the advantages and honor of the Union ? For the dream of a separate inde- pendence — a dream interrupted by bloody conflicts w^ith your neighbors, and a vile dependence on a for- eign power. If your leaders could succeed in estab- lishing a separation, what would be your situation? Are you united at home — are you free from the PRESIDENT Jackson's proclamation. 261 apprehension of civil discord, witli all its fearful con- sequences ? Do our neighboring republics, every day suffering some new revolution or contending with some new insurrection — do they excite your envy? But the dictates of a high duty oblige me solemnly to announce that you can not succeed. The laws of the United States must be executed. I have no discretionary power on the subject— my duty is emphatically pronounced in the Constitution. Those who told you that you might peaceably prevent their execution, deceived you — they could not have been deceived themselves. They know that a forcible opposition could alone prevent the execution of the laws, and they know that such opposition must be repelled. Their object is dis- union ; but be not deceived by names ; disunion, by armed force, is treason. Are you really ready to incur this guilt? If you are, on the head of the instigators of the act be the dreadful consequences — on their heads be the dishonor, but on yours may fall the punishment — on your unhappy State will inev- itably fall all the evils of the conflict you force upon the government of your country. It cannot accede to the mad project of disunion of which you would be the first victims- — its first magistrate can not, if he would, avoid the performance of his duty — the con- sequence must be feaiful for you, distressing to your 262 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. fellow-citizens here, and to the friends of good gov- ernment throughout the world. Its enemies have beheld our prosperity with a vexation they could not conceal — it was a standing refutation of their slavish doctrines, and they will point to our discord with the triumph of malignant joy. It is yet in your power to disappoint them. There is yet time to show that the descendants of the Pinckneys, the Sumpters, the Rutledges, and of the thousand other names which adorn the pages of your revolutionary history, will not abandon that Union to support which so many of them fought and bled and died. I adjure you, as you honor their memory — as you love the cause of freedom, to which they dedicated their lives — as you prizo the peace of your country, the lives of its best citizens, and your own fair fame, to retrace your steps. Snatch from the archives of your State the disorganizing edict of its convention — bid its mem- bers to re-assemble and promulgate the decided expressions of your will to remain in the path which alone can conduct you to safety, prosperity, and honor— tell them that compared to disunion, all other evils are light, because that brings with it an accumulation of all — declare that you will never take the field unless the star-spangled banner of your country shall float over vou — that you will not be stigmatized when dead, and dishonored and scorned 263 while jou live, as the authors of the first attack on the Constitution of jour country ! — its destroyers you can not be. You may disturb its peace — you may interrupt tlie course of its prosperity — you may cloud its reputation for stability — ^but its tranquillity will be restored, its prosperity will return, and the stain upon its national character will be transferred and remain an eternal blot on the memory of those who caused the disorder. Fellow-citizens of the United States ! the threat of unhallowed disunion — the names of those, once re- spected, by whom it is uttered — the array of military force to support it — denote the approach of a crisis in our affairs on which the continuance of our unexam- pled prosperity, our political existence, and perhaps that of all free governments, may depend. The con- jecture demanded a free, a full, and explicit enuncia- tion, not only of my intentions, but of my principles of action ; and as the claim was asserted of a right by a State to annul the laws of the Union, and even to secede from it at pleasure, a frank exposition of my opinions in relation to the origin and form of our government, and the construction I give to the instrument by which it was created, seemed to be proper. Having the fullest confidence in the just- ness of the legal and constitutional opinion of my duties which has been expressed, I rely with equal 264 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. confidence on jomt undivided support in mj deter- mination to execute the laws — to preserve the Union hj all constitutional means — to arrest, if possible, bj moderate but firm measures, the necessity of a recourse to force ; and, if it be the will of Heayen that the recurrence of its primeval curse on man for the shedding of a brother's blood should fall upon our land, that it be not called down bj any offensive act on the part of the United States. Fellow-citizens ! the momentous case is before you. On your undivided support of your govern- ment depends the decision of the great question it involves, whether your sacred Union will be pre- served, and the blessing it secures to us as one people shall be perpetuated. Xo one can doubt that the unanimity with which that decision will be expressed, will be such as to inspire new confidence in republi- can institutions, and that the prudence, the wisdom, and the courage which it will bring to their defense, will transmit them unimpaired and invigorated to our children. May the Great Ruler of nations grant that the signal blessings with which He has favored ours may not, by the madness of party, or personal ambition, be disregarded and lost, and may His wise provi- dence bring thop.e who have produced this crisis to Bee the folly, before they feel the misery, of civil PRESIDENT Jackson's proclamation. 265 strife, ar.d inspire a returning veneration for that Union which, if we may dare to penetrate His designs. He has chosen, as the only means of attain- ing the high destinies to which we may reasonably aspire. In testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of the United States to be hereunto affixed, having signed the same with my hand. Done at the City of Washington, this 10th day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-two, and of the inde- pendence of the United States the fifty-seventh. Andeew Jacksoh. By the President. Edw. Iivingsoe, Secreta/ry of State, 266 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. MONROE DOOTEINE. EXTEAOT FROM PRESIDENT MONROE's ANNUAL MESSAGE, WA8U- INGTON, DEO. 2, 1823. The citizens of the United States cherish senti- ments the most friendly in favor of the liberty and happiness of their fellow-men on that side of the Atlantic. In the wars of the European powers, in matters relating to themselves, we have never taken any part, nor does it comport with our policy so to do. It is only when our rights are invaded, or seri- ously menaced, that we resent injuries or make prep arations for our defence. With the movements in this hemisphere, we are, of necessity, more immedi- ately connected, and by causes which must be obvious to all enlightened and impartial observers. The political system of the allied powers is essen- tially difterent, in this respect, from that of America. This difference proceeds from that which exists in their respective Governments. And to the defence of our own, which has been achieved by the loss of so much blo?d and treasure, and matured by the wisdom of their most enlightened citizens, and under MONBOB DOCTRINE. 267 which we have enjoyed unexampled felicitj, this whole natioij is devoted. We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amic- able relations existing between the United States and those powers, to declare, that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere, as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power, we have not interfered, and shall not interfere. But, with the Governments who have declared their independence, and maintained it, and whose independence we have, on great con- sideration, and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling, in any other man- ner, their destiny, by any European power, in any other light than as the manifestation of an un- friendly disposition towards the United States. In the war between those new Governments and Spain, we declared our neutrality at the time of their recognition, and to this we have adhered, and shall continue to adliere, provided no change shall occur, which, in the judgment of the competent au- thorities of this Government, shall make a corres- ponding change on the part of the United States, indispensable to their security. 268 NATIONAT. HAND-BOOK. NEUTKALITT LAW OF THE UNITED STATES, AS AMBNDBD AND APPROVED BY 0ONGBE6S, JULY 26, 1866. A Bill more effectually to preserve the neutral rela- tions of the United States. Be it enacted^ c&c, That if any citizen of the United States shall, within the territory or jurisdic- tion thereof, accept and exercise a commission to serve a foreign prince, State, colony, district, or peo- ple in war by land or by sea against any prince, State, colony, district or people with whom the United States are at peace, the person so offending shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall on conviction thereof be punished by a fine of not exceeding $2,000 and imprisonment not exceeding two years, or either, at the discretion of the Court in which such offender may be convicted. Sec 2. And he it further enacted^ That if any NEUTRALITY LAW. 269 pereon shall, within the territory or jurisdiction of tlie United States enlist, or enter himself, or hire or retain another person to enlist or enter himself, or to go beyond the limits or jurisdiction of the United States, with intent to be enlisted or entered into the service of any foreign prince. State, colony, district or people as a soldier, or as a marine or seaman on board of any vessel-of-war, letter-of-marque or priva- teer, every person so offending shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall upon conviction therefor be punished by fine not exceeding $1,000, and im- prisonment not exceeding two years, or either of them, at the discretion of the Court, in case such offender shall be convicted; provided that this act shall not be construed to extend to any subject or citizen of any foreign prince. State, colony, district or people, who shall transiently be within the United States, and shall be on board of any vessel of war, letter-of-marque or privateer, which, at the time of its arrival within the United States, was fitted and equipped as such, enlist or enter himself, and hire or retain another subject or citizen of the same foreign prince, State, colony, district or people, who is tran- siently in the United States, to enlist or enter himself to serve such foreign prince, State, colony, district or people, on board such vessel of war, letter-of-maique or privateer, if the United States shall then be at 270 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. peace with such foreign prince, State, colony, district or people. Sec. 3. And he it further enacted^ That if any person shall within the limits of the United States fit out and arm or attempt to fit out and arm, or pro- cure to be fitted out and armed, or shall knowingly be concerned in the furnishing, fitting out and arm- ing of any ship or vessel with intent that such ship or vessel shall be employed in the service of any for- eign prince, State, colony, district or people, to cruise or commit hostilities against the subjects, citizens or property of any foreign prince. State, or any colony, district or people with whom the United States are at peace, or shall issue or deliver a commission within the territory or jurisdiction of the United States for any ship or vessel to the intent that she may be em- ployed as aforesaid, or shall have on board any per- son or persons who shall have been enlisted, or shall have engaged to enlist or serve or shall be departing from the jurisdiction of the United States with intent to enlist or serve in contravention of the provisions of this act, every person so offending shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine not exceeding $3,000, and imprisonment not exceeding three years, or either of them, at the discretion of the Court in which such offender shall be convicted ; and every NEUTRALITY LAW. 271 Buch ship and \essel, with her tackle, apparel and furniture, together with all materials, arms, ammu- nition and stores which may have been procured for the building and equipment thereof, shall be forfeited to the United States of America. Sec. 4. And he it further enacted^ That it shall be lawful for any Collector of the Customs who is by law empowered to make seizures for any forfeiture incurred under any of the laws of Customs, to seize such ships and vessels in such places and in such manner in which the officers of the Customs are em- powered to make seizures under the law for the col- lection and protection of the revenue, and that every such ship and vessel, with the tackle, apparel and furture, together with all the materials, arms, ammu- nition and stores which may belong to or be on board such ship or vessel, may be prosecuted or condemned for the violation of the provisions of this act in like manner as ships or vessels may be prosecuted and condemned for any breach of the laws made for the collection and protection of the revenue. Sec. 5. And he it further enacted^ That if any person shall within the territory or jurisdiction of the United States, increase or augment, or procure to be increased or augmented, or shall knowingly be con- cerned in increasing or augmenting the force of any ship of war, or cruiser, or other armed vessel, which 272 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. at the time of her arrival within the United States was a ship of war, or cruiser, or armed vessel in the service of any foreign prince, State, colony, district or people, or belonged to the subjects or citizens of any such prince. State, colony, district or people, the same being at war with any foreign prince, State, colony, district or people with whom the United States are at peace, by adding to the number of guns of such vessel, or by changing those on board of her for guns of a larger calibre, or by addition thereto of any equipment solely applicable to war, or shall have on board any person or persons who shall have enlisted, or engaged to enlist or serve, or who shall be departing from the jurisdiction of the United States with intent to enlist or serve in contravention of the provisions of this act ; every person so offend- ing shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall upon conviction thereof be punished by fine or imprisonment, or eitlier of them, at the discretion of the court in which snch offender shall be convicted. Sec. 6. And he it further enacted^ That the Dis- trict Courts shall take cognizance of all complaints, informations, indictments, or other prosecutions, by whomsoever instituted, in cases of captures made within the waters of the United States or within a marine league of the coasts or shores thereof. Sec. 7. And he it further enacted, That in every NBUTBALITY LAW. 273 case In which a vessel shall be fitted out and armed, or in which the force of any vessel of war, cruiser, or other armed vessel shall be increased or augmented, in every case of the capture of a ship or vessel within the jurisdiction or protection of the United States, as before defined, and in every case in which any pro- cess issuing out of any court of the United States shall be disobeyed or resisted by any person or per- sons having the custody of any vessel of war, cruiser or other armed vessel of any prince or State, or of any colony, district or people, or of any subjects or citizens of any foreign prince. State, or of any colony, district or people in any such case, it shall be lawful for the President of the United States, or such other person as he shall have empowered for that purpose to employ such part of the land and naval forces of the United States or of the militia thereof, for the purpose of taking of and detaining any such ship or vessel with her prize or prizes, if any, in order to the execution of the prohibition or penalties of this act, and to the restoring the prize or prizes in the cases in which restoration shall have been adjudged. Sec. 8. And he it futhev enacted^ That it shall be lawful for the President of the United States, or such person as he shall empower for that purpose, to employ such part of the land and naval forces of the United States, or of the militia thereof, as shall 18 274 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. be necessary to compel any foreign ship or vessel to depart the United States in all cases in which, by the laws of nations or the treaties of the United States they ought not to remain within the United States. Sec. 9. And he it further enacted^ That offences made punishable by the provisions of this act, com- mitted by citizens of the United States, beyond the jurisdiction of the United States, may be prosecuted and tried before any court having jurisdiction of the offences prohibited by this act. Sec. 10. And le it further enacted, That noth- ing in this act shall be so construed as to prohibit citizens of the United States from selling vessels, ships or steamers built within the limits thereof, or materials or munitions of war, the growth or product of the same, to inhabitants of other countries, or to Governments not at war with the United States : provided that the operation of this section of this act shall be suspended by the President of the United States with regard to any classes of purchases, when- ever the United States shall be engaged in war, or whenever the maintenance of friendly relations with any foreign nation may in his judgment require it. Sec. 11. And he it further enacted, That noth- ing in the foregoing act shall be construed to prevent fclie prosecution or punishment of treason, or any NETJTEALITT LAW. 275 piracy or other felony defined by the laws of the United States. Sec. 12. And he it further enacted^ That all acts and parts of acts inconsistent with the provisions of this act or inflicting any further or other penalty or forfeiture than are hereinbefore provided for. T^ ^ acts forbi iden herein are hereby repealed . 276 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK OUR NATIONAL DOMAIN. HOW ACQUIRED. The United States of America is a union of inde- pendent States, and at this Aviiting (1876) consists of thirty-eight States and eleven organized Terri- tories, under the control of the General Govern- ment, and covers an area of 3,678,392 square miles, and extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, a distance of about 3,000 miles, and from the Gulf of Mexico to the great lakes, a distance of over 1,000 miles. The Confederation. The original thirteen States, prior to 1783, claimed for their western boundary the Mississippi River, and some even as far west as the Pacific. These States, one after another, ceded to the United States all the territory west of tlieir pre- sent limits. By treaty with Great Britain, September 3, 1783 (at the close of the Revolutionary War), the territory of the United States was declared to extend from the OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 277 Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River on the west, and from the great lakes to the southern border of Georgia, and comprised 815,615 square miles. The Province of Louisiana, acquired by purchase from France, April 30, 1803, for $15,000,000, includes all the territory west of the Mississippi River, except the present States and Territories of Oregon, Texas, California, Arizona, and Alaska, comprising 930,928 square miles. Florida, ceded by Spain, February 22, 1819, for the consideration of |5,000,000, included the State of Florida and southern portions of Alabama and Mis- sissippi, and comprised 59,268 square miles. Texas, an independent republic of Mexico, was admitted December 29, 1845, and gave rise to the Mexican War. Comprised 237,504 square miles. Oregon, acquired by treaty with Great Britain, in April, 1846, comprised 280,420 square miles. California and Nevada, ceded by Mexico at the close of the Mexican War, February 2, 1848, com- prised 649,762 square miles. Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico, acquired by treaty with Mexico, December 30, 1853, comprised 127,500 square miles. Alaska, by purchase from Russia, May 28, 1867, for 17,200,000. Comprised 577,390 square miles. The growth of our Republic, its increase in wealth, commerce, manufactures, and arts, has no parallel among the nations of the world. What may be ac- complished in the 100 years to come we are unable to predicate. Patrick Henry said : " We are to judge of the future by the past." With the record of a cen- tury before us, and Mexico, the Canadas, Cuba, and the islands of the sea knocking for admission, who can estimate the prospective power, grandness, and extent of the United States of America at its second centennial anniversary ? UNITED STATES CENSUS FOE 1870; With the Population of each Decade for Half a Century. STATES. 1870. 1860. 1850. 1840. 1830. 1820. New York.. 4,370,846 .3,880,735 3,007.394 2.428,921 1,918,603 1,372,111 Pennsylva.. 3.511,543 2,900 215 2,311780 1724,0.33 1348,233 1,047,507 Ohio 2,652,302 2,339 511 1,980 3 9 1,519 467 937,903 581295 Illinois 2,529 4 1,711951 85i 47.) 476,183 157,445 55,161 Missouri... 1,691.693 1,182 012 682 044 383.702 140,455 66 557 Indiana.... 1.655 675 l,35n,428 988.410 685 866 34.3,031 147.178 Mas.-achus. 1,457 351 l,231,i 66 994.514 737,699 610,408 523.159 Kentucky.. 1,320,407 1,155,684 982,105 779,828 687,917 564 135 Tennessee.. 1,225 937 1,109 801 1002 717 829 210 681904 422,761 Virginia... 1,211442 1,596 318 1,421661 1,239,797 1,211,405 1,065 129 Michigan... 1,184,653 749 113 397 654 212,267 31,639 8 765 Iowa 1181,359 674,913 192214 43,112 Georgia.... 1,174,832 1,057 286 906185 691,392 516,823 340,983 Wisconsin. 1055 501 775 881 305 391 30,945 N.Carolina 1,(>16 954 992 622 869,039 7.53 419 737,987 638,829 Alabama... 998 175 964.201 771623 590,756 309,527 127,901 N.Jersey.. 903 044 672 ' .35 489.555 373,306 320,823 277,426 Mississippi 842,056 791,305 6 526 375.651 136,621 75,448 Texas 7!)5.50a 004 215 212.592 Maryland.. 790,()95 687.049 .583 034 470,019 447 040 407,-350 Louisiana.. 734,420 70S 002 517,762 342 411 215 739 152.923 S.Carolina. 705,789 703,708 668.507 .594,398 581,185 5' 2,741 Maine 62^,719 62^279 583.169 501,793 399,455' 298,269 California.. 549,808 379 994 92,.597 Connecticut .537,417 46'>,147 370 792 309.978 297,675 25,102 Arkansas... 473 174 4.')5,45 » 209,897 97,574 30,388 14.2.55 WestVa.... 441.094 Minnesota.. 424 543 172 023 6,077 .' Kansas 379,497 107.206 .. .; .,,. Vermont... 3.30 582 315,098 314,120 291,848 280,652 235 749 N. Hamps'e 317,710 326 073 317,976 284,574 269,328 244,022 Rhode Isrd 217 356 174 620 147,545 108,830 97,199 83,015 Florida .... 189,995 140.424 87,445 54,477 34,7-30 Delaware... 125,015 112,216 91,-532 78,085 76,748 72,749 Nebraska . . 116,888 28,841 Oregon 90,878 -52,465 13,21)4 Nevada ... 42,456 6 857 Dis. Colum. 131,7-6 7-^0,80 51,687 43,712 -39,834 33.039 Territories. 288,161 184,497 72,927 Total Union. 38,538,180 31,443,-321 23191,876 17,069,453 12,806 020 9 638,191 TERRITORIES. New Mexico 86,122 Washington, 23,925 Dakota, 14,181 Utah,. 70,000 Montana 20,594 Arizona, 9,658 Colorado, 39.681 Idaho 14,883 Wyoming, 9,118 CENSUS OF 1870. PopuLATit. OF 100 Large Cities of the United States. OFFICIAL— Frorr* ihe Advance Sheets of the Census Bureau, at Washington, D. C. New York, N. Y 942,946 Philadelphia, Pa 674,t'22 Brooklyn, N. Y 39f),300 St. Louis. Mo 312.963 Chicago, 111 298,983 Baltimore, Md 267 354 Boston, Mass 25 ',526 Cincinnati. O 216.239 New Orleans, La 191,322 San Francisco, Cal 149.482 Buffalo, N.Y 117,715 Washington, D. C 109.204 Newark, .N. J 105.078 Louisville, Ky 100,754 Cleveland, O 92,846 Pittsburg, I'a 86,235 Jersey City, N. J 81.744 Del roit, Mich 79,580 Milwaukee, Wis 71,499 Albany, N.Y 69,422 Providence. R.I 68,906 Rochester, N. Y 62.385 Alleghany City, Pa. . . . 63,181 Richmond, Va 51,038 New Haven, Conn 50.840 Charleston, S. C 48,9 6 Troy, N.Y 46,471 Syracuse, N.Y 43,051 Worcester, Mass 41,105 Lowell, Mass 40,928 Memphis, Tcnu 40,226 Cambridge, Mass -39,634 Hartfor t. ,' Conn 37,180 Indianapolis, Ind 41,600 Scranton, Pa 35,093 Reading Pa 33,932 ColumlDUS, O 33,745 Patterson, N.J 33,582 Dayton. 32,579 Kansas City, Mo 32,2i)0 Mobile, Ala! 32.084 Portland, Me 31,414 Wilmington, Del 30,841 Lawrence, Mass 28 921 Utica,N. Y 28,804 Toledo. O 28,546 , Charlestown, Mass 1.3 3:3 Savannah, Ga 23,235 Lynn. Mass 23,233 Fall River, Mass 26,786 51. Springfield, Mass 26,703 52. Nashville, Tenn 25,872 53. Peoria, 111 25,787 54. Covington, Ky 24,505 55. Salem, Mass 24.117 56. Quincy,Ill 24.053 57. Manchester, N. H 23,5.36 58. Harrisburg, Pa 23,109 59. Trenton, N. J 22,874 60. Evansville, Ind 22,830 61. New Bedford, Mass 21,320 62. Oswego, N.Y 20 910 63. Elizabeth, N. J 20,838 64. Lancaster, Pa 20,2.33 65. Po'keepsie, N. Y 20,080 66. Camden, N.J 1^0,045 67. Davenport. Iowa 20,042 68. St. Paul, Minn 20,031 69. Wheeling, W. Va 19,282 70. Norfolk, Va 19.256 71 . Taunton, Mass 18,629 72. Chelsea, Mass 18,547 73. Dubuque, Iowa 18 4(J1 74. Bangor, Me 18,259 75. Petersburg, Va 18,266 76. Leavenworth, Kan 17,849 77. Fort Wayne, Ind 17.718 78. Springfield, 111 17,365 79. Newburgh, N. Y i 7,014 80. Atlanta, Ga., 16,986 81. Norwicli, Conn 16,653 82. Sacramento. Cal 16.484 83. Omaha, N eb 16,083 84. Lockport, N.Y 15,458 85. Augusta,. Ga 1 5.-389 86. Glouce^-ter, Mass 15,387 87. New Brunswick, N.J... 15,0.59 88. New Albany, Ind 14,273 89. Galveston, Tex 13,818 90. Newburyport. Mass 13,595 91. Alexandria, Va 13,570 92. Wilmington, N. C 13,446 93. Bridgeport, Conn 13,299 94. Newport, R. 1 12.521 95. Little Rock, Ark 12 3S0 96. Zanesville, 12.378 97. Concord, N. II 12.241 i;0. Des Moines, Iowa 12 C35 Ci), Waterbury , Conn J0,836 100. Raleigh, N, C 10,149 280 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK HISTORY OF EACH STATE COMPRISING THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. In the order of their admission into the Union. DELAWARE RATIFIED THE CON- STITUTION Dec. 7, 178T. Area, 2,112 sq. miles. Capital, Dover. :Pop. 1870, 125,015. '':^!WEHCt^^^^^ gQ named after Lord de la Warr, Governor of Va., and popularly known as the Diamond Slate. First settled by Swedes and Fins at Cape Hen- lopeii in 1(327. Embraced in the Charter of Pennsylvania until the adoption of a Constitution September 20, 1776. PENNSYLVANIA RATIFIED THE CON- STITUTION Dec. 12, 1787. Area, 4G,000 sq. miles. Capital, Harris- BTTHG. Pop. 1870, :i521, 951. So named after William Penn in 1681 . and i)opularly known as the KeyMone State. First settled by AVm. Penn on the Dela- ware River in 1682 ; chartered Feb. 28, 1681 ; formed a Consti- tution Sept. 28, 1776. OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 281 V NEW JERSEY RATIFIED THE CON- . /J\ STITUTION Dec. 18, 1787. Area, 8,320 sq. miles. Capital, Trentox. Pop. 1870,906,096. So named from the Island of Jersey on the coast of France. First settled by the Dutch at Bergen in 1620 ; under the same grants as New York ; separated into East and AVest Jersey March 3, 1677 ; formed a Constitution July 2, 1776. GEORGIA RATIFIED THE CON- ^^_r^ ==- /^^^ ^^z^ STITUTION Jan. 2, 1788. ^ Area, 58,000 sq. miles. Capital, Atlanta. -^^^^^"" Pop. 1870, 1,184,109. -l>^ So named in honor of King George II. First settled by Oglethrope at Savannah in 1733. Chartered June 9, 1732 ; adopted a Constitution Feb. 5, 1777. CONNECTICUT RATIFIED THE CON- STITUTION Jan. 9, 1788. _ ^_ Area, 4,674 sq. miles. Capital, Hartford. 'Si* Pop. 1870, 536,454 So called from the Indian name of its j^rincipal river, and popularly known as the Nutmeg or Free Stone State. First settled by Puritans at Windsor in 1635. Formerly embraced under the Charter of Mass. '^.^'M ^ 282 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK MASSACHUSETTS RATIFIED THE CON- STITUTION Feb. 6, 1788. Area, 7,800 sq. miles. Capital, Boston Pop. 1870, 1,457,351. So called from a tribe of Indians, and is popularly known as the Baij State. Fii'st settled by English Puritans from Hol- land at Plymouth Dec. 22, 1620. MARYLAND RATIFIED THE CON- STITUTION April 28, 1788. Area, 11,184 sq. miles. Capital, Anxapolis. Pop. i^-,_ ^ Elizabeth, the Virgin Queen of England, and popularly known as The Old Dominion, or Mother of States. First settled by the English at Jamestown in 1607. Chartered April 10, 1606. Formed a Constitution July 5, 1778. NEW YORK RATIFIED THE CON- STITUTION July 26, 1788. _„__,^ Area, 47,000 sq. m\\Q%.^( jjif ' Capital, Albany. Z^^^^ ' Pop. 1870, 4,382,759. JB-^^»^?^^^157 So named in honor of the Duke of York, and popularly knov/n as the Emjnre or Excelsior State. First settled by the Dutch on Manhattan Island in 1614. Granted to the Duke of York, March 20, 1664. 284 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK NORTH CAROLINA k^ RATIFIED THE CON- STITUTION Nov. 21, 1789. Area, 50,704 sq, miles. Capital, Raleigh. Pop. 1870, 1,071,361- So named in honoi of King Chailes IX. of France, and pop- ularly known as the Old North or Turjyentine State. First set- tled by the English at Albemarle in 1650. Chartered March 20, 1663. Adopted a Constitution December 18, 1776. RHODE ISLAND RATIFIED THE CON- STITUTION May 29,1790. Area, 1,800 sq. miles. Capitals, Proyidknce and Newport. Pop. 1870,217,353 It derives its name from the Island of Rhodes in the Med- iterranean, and is popularly known as LiUlc lllwda. First set- tled by Roger Williams at Providence in 1636. Jhartered by Parliament in 1644. VERMONT '. AIITTED INTO THE UNION March4, 179L rea, 10,212 ?q. miles. Capital, MoxTPELiER. .^p. 1870,330,551. So named from the French vert mont, the Green Mountains, and popularly known as the Gree7i Mountain State. First settled at Fort Dummer in 1764. Formed from territory belonging to New York. OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 285 KENTUCKY ADMITTED INTO THE UNION June 1, 1792. Area, 37,000 sq. niile&. Capital, Frankfort Pop. 1870, 1,320,011.: So called fioin its principal river, and populaily known as the State of the Dark and Bloody Grouml First settled near Lexington, in 1775. Formed from territory belonging to Virginia. TENNESSEE ADMITTED INTO THE UNION June 1, 1796. Area, 45,600 sq. miles -^ Capital, Xashville. Pop. 1870, 1,250,520. :^ So named after its principal river, and popularly known as the Big-Band State. Formed from territory belonging to North Carolina in 1790. Constitution adopted February 6, 1796. INDIANA ADMITTED INTO THE UNION Dec. 11, 1816. Area, 33,809 sq. miles. Capital, Indianapolis. Pop.1870, 1,680,637^.. So named from the American Indians, and popularly known as The Hoosier State. First settled at Vincennes in 1780. Formed from North-West territory. Constitutution adopted June 29, 1816. 2S6 NATIONAL HAND-ROOK OHIO ADMITTED INTO THE UNIOX Nov. 29, 1802. ^. Area, 39,964 sq. miles. fl Capital, Columbus. Pop.1870, 2,665,260. So called from its principal river, and popularly known as the Buckeye State. First settled at Marietta in 1788. Formed from North- West territoiy. Constitution adopted November 1, 1802. LOUISIANA ADMITTED INTO THE jOSTiCf '*:} p^V'"i ^?,llf; }> UNION APRIL "^ 1812. Cnpital, New Orleans. ' Area, 41,346 sq. miles. "^"^^ Pop. 1870, 726,915. So named in honor of Louis XIV. and popularly known as The Creole State. First settled at Iberville in 1699 ; formed from French territory. Constitution adopted in January 22, 1812. MISSOURI ADMITTED INTO THE UNION AUG. 10, ^^^ 1821. >;^Area, 65,350 sq. miles. ~-^^i Capital, ^^- Jefferson City. ^,;^,^;;-cccxA^^^^ --^ p^p_ 1870, 1,721,295. So named from its principal river, the name signifying Muddy water. Formed from French territory; first settled in 1764, at St. Louis. Constitution adopted July 19, 1820. 0%.1'W^^: ,^ OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 287 MICHIGAN ADMITTED INTO THE UNION JAN. 26, 1837. Area, 56,451 sq. miles. Capital, Lansing. Pop. 1870, 1,184,059. "' " -"^-- '" So named from Lake Michigan, an Indian term, meaning a river for fish, and popularly known as The Wolverine State. Formed from the northwestern territory. First settled in 1650, on the Detroit river. Constitution adopted January 25, 1833. ILLINOIS ADMITTED INTO THE UNION DEC. 3, Area, 55,410 sq. miles. ^-^.^Hts Capital, Springfield. ^^^.^^ Pop. 1870, 2,539,891. So named from its principal river, the name meaning the river of men, and popularly known as The Such r or Prairie State. Formed from Northwest Territory ; first settled at Kas- kaskia in 1720. Constitution adopted Aug. 26, 1818. MISSISSIPPI _^ ADMITTED INTO THE UNION DEC. 10, ML ^/:;i^?%-- 1817. Area, 47,156 sq. miles. P J Capital, Jackson. -^;^,,^^ Pop. 1870, 827,922. So named from its Western boundary, and ]iopularly known as The Bayou State. First settled at Natchez in 1716 ; formed from territory of South Carolina and Georgia. Constitution adopted March 1, 1817. 28S NATIONAL HAND-BOOK ALABAMA ADMITTED INTO THE ^^l-^s^.^ UNION DEC. 14, ?• 1819. Area, 50,722 sq. miles. - Capital, Montgomery. ^'^ Pop. 1870, 996,092. So named after its principal river, the name signifying here toe rest. Formed from teri'itory of South Carolina and Georgia, and was formerly known as the Territory of Mississippi. Con- stitution adopted August 2, 1819. MAINE :^M^ /7 ADMITTED INTO THE "^iS> -v^t. ^\ 4 4 UNION MARCH 15, iy'-ti^:^ jUfli 1820. "^^ Area, 81,776 sq. miles. Capital, Augusta. Pop. 1870,626,915. So named from Maine in France, and is popularly known as The Lumber or Pitie Tree State. Foi-med from territory of Massachusetts; first settled in 1623, at York. Constitution adopted Oct. 29, 1819. ARKANSAS ADMITTED INTO THE UNION JUNE 15, 1836. Area, 62,198 sq. miles. Capital, Little Rock. Pop. 1870, 484,471. So named from its principal river, and popularly known as The Bear State. Formed from French territory. Constitution adopted March 1, 1836. OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 289 WISCONSIN ADMITTED INTO TEE UNION MAY 29, 1848. Area, 53,924 sq. miles. ^ -s^x^u ,■ Capital, Madison. ^V^-S^^ Pop. 1870, 1,054,670. ^ So called from the Indian name of its principal river, signi- fying ivild rushing river. Formed from territory ceded by Vir- ginia to the United States. First settled at Green Bay, in 1670. Constitution adopted Jan. 21, 1847. IOWA ADMITTED INTO THE UNION March 3, 1845. Area, 55,045 sq. miles. Capital, Des Moines. Pop. 1870, 194,020 So called fi-om the Indian name of its principal river, signifying the sleepy ones, and popularly known as The Hawkey e State. Formed from In- dian territory. First settled at Burlington and Dubuque in 1830. Constitution adopted December 9, 1844. FLORIDA ADMITTED INTO THE UNION March 3, 1845. Area, 59,268 sq. miles. Capital, Tallahassee Pop. 1870,187,748. So named because discovered on Palm Sunday — Pascita Florida. First settled by Spaniards at St. Augustine in 1565. Secured by treaty and purchased from Spain in 1819. Constitution adopted Feb. 20, X839. ^3 290 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK TEXAS ADMITTED INTO THE UNION ^ Dec. 29, 1845. / ;t/^ Area, 237,504 sq. miles. Capital, Austin. /_r^:t^.,^r^>f^/. Poi3. 1870, 818,579. So called from the Spanish name of the Republic, and popularly known as The Lone Star State. First settled in 1792. Formerly an Independent Republic of Mexico. Secured by conquest and treaty February 2, 1848. CALIFORNIA ADMITTED INTO THE UNION Sept. 9, 1850. Area, 188,981 sq. miles. Capital, Sacramento Pop. 1870, 560,247. So called from the Spanish name of an arm of the Pacific Ocean, and popularly known as The Golden State. Formed from Mexican territory. First settled on the Pacific Slope by the Spaniards in 1769. Constitution adopted Nov. 13, 1849. MINNESOTA ADMITTED INTO THE UNION \t-^- T:if^ May 11, 1858. Area, 83,531 sq. miles. Capital, St. Paul. Pop. 1870, 439,706. So called from an Indian word signifying the lohithh water . Formed from Louisiana territory. First settled in 1812, on the Red River. OF AMERICAN PROGRESS 291 OREGON ADMITTED INTO THE UNION Feb. 12, 1859. Area, 95,244 sq. miles. Capital, Salem. Pop. 1870, 90,923. ■ So called from the Indian name of its principal river, a term meaning river of the loest. Formed from territory acquired by treaty with Great Britain in 1846. First settled by Spaniards. Constitution adopted November, 1857. KANSAS ADMITTED INTO THE UNION Dec. 6, 1859. Area, 81,318 sq. miles. Capital, ToPEKA. Pop. 1870, 364,399. : So called after an Indian name signifying The Smoky Water. Foi-med from In- dian territory and formerly embraced in the Louisiana pur- chase. WEST VIRGINIA ADMITTED INTO THE ^^_ UNION Dec. 31, 1862. Aren, 23.000 sq. miles. Capital, Charleston. Pop. 1870, 442,014 So called after Virginia. Formed a part of Virginia until the latter seceded from the Union. 292 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK NEBRASKA ADMITTED INTO THE UNION March 1, 1867. Area, 75,995 square miles. Capital, Lincoln. Pop. 1870, 122,993. So called from an Indian word signifying Water- Valley, Shallow River. Organized as a Territory from the Louisiana pm'cliase, Ma}"^ 30, 1854. NEVADA ADMITTED INTO THE UNION October, 1864. Area, 112,090 square miles. Capital, Carson City. Pop. 1870, 42,491. A Spanish term signifying WJnte with Snow. Formed from territory acquired from Mexico in 1848. COLORADO ADMITTED INTO THE '^^ UNION '; Aug. 1, 1876. f ^i '5.V\ ' ''-'.>>!' 'Area, 104,500 sq. miles. 'rj proclamation, that the laws of the United States are opposed, and the exe- cution thereof obstructed, by combinations too pow- erful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, or by the power vested in the marshals by law, any person or persons, his, her, or their agent, attorney, or employee, shall purchase or acquire, sell or give any property of whatsoever kind or description, with intent to use or employ the same, or suffer the same to be used or employed, in aiding, abetting, or promoting such insurrection or resistance to the laws, or any person or persons en- gaged therein ; or if any person or persons, being the 22 338 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. owner or owners of any such property, shall know- ingly nse or employ, or consent to the use or employ- ment of the same as aforesaid, all such property is hereby declared to be lawful subject of prize and capture wherever found ; and it shall be the duty of the President of the United States to cause the same to be seized, confiscated, and condemned. Sec. 2. Such prizes and capture shall be con- demned in the district or circuit court of the United States, having jurisdiction of the amount, or in admi- ralty in any district in which the same may be seized, or into which they may be taken and proceedings first instituted. Sec. 3. The Attorney-General, or any district attorney of the United States in which said property may at the time be, may institute the proceedings of condemnation, and in such case they shall be wholly for the benefit of the United States ; or any person may file an information with such attorney, in which case the proceedings shall be for the use of such in- former and the United States in equal parts. Sec. 4. Whenever hereafter, during the present insurrection against the Government of the United States, any person claimed to be held to labor or ser- vice under the law of any State, shall be required or permitted by the person to whom such labor or ser- vice is cliiimed to be due, or by the lawful agent of THE CONFISCATION ACT. 339 BTicli persons, to take up arms against the United States, or shall be required or permitted by the per- son to whom such labor or service is claimed to be due, or his lawful agent, to work or to be employed in or upon any fort, navy yard, dock, armory, ship, intrenchment, or in any military or naval service whatsoever, against the Government and lawful au- thority of the United States, then, and in eveiy such case, the person to whom such labor or service is claimed to be due, shall forfeit his claim to such labor, any law of the State or of the United States to the contrary notwithstanding. And whenever thereafter the person claiming such labor or service shall seek to enforce his claim, it shall be a full and sufficient answer to such claim that the person whose service or labor is claimed had been employed in the hostile service against the Government of the United States, contrary to the provisions of this act. 340 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. PEESIDEITT LmOOLN'S SECOND AND LAST INAUGURAL ADDEESS. Maboh 4, 1865. Fellow-countrymen : At this second appearing to take tlie oath of the Presidential office, there is less occasion for an extended address than there was at the first. Then a statement, somewhat in detail, ( f a course to be pursued seemed very fitting and proper. JN'ow, at the expiration of four years, during which public declarations have been constantly called forth on every point and phase of the great contest which still absorbs the attention and engrosses the energies of the nation, little that is new could be presented. The progress of our arms, upon which all elso chiefly depends, is as well known to the public as to myself, and it is, I trust reasonably satisfactory and encouraging to all. With high hope for the future, no prediction in regard to it is ventured. Lincoln's last inatjgueal address. ^^1 On the occasion corresponding to this four years ago, all thoughts were anxiously directed to an im- pending civil war. All dreaded it ; all sought to avoid it. While the inaugural address was being delivered from this place, devoted altogether to sav- ing the Union without war, insurgent agents were in the city seeking to destroy it without war — seeking to dissolve the Union and divide the effects by nego- tiation. Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive ; and the other would rather accept war than let it perish, and the war came. One-eighth of the whole population were colored slaves, not distributed generally over the Union, but localized in the Southern part of it. These slaves constituted a peculiar and powerful interest. All knew that this interest was somehow the cause of the war. To strengthen, perpetuate, and extend this interest, was the object for which the insurgents would rend the Union even by war, while the Gov- ernment claimed no right to do more than to restrict the territorial enlargement of it. ITeither party expected for the war the magni- tude or the duration which it has already attained. Neither anticipated that the cause of the conflict might cease with, or even before the conflict itself should cease. Each looked for an easier tri 342 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. umpli, and a result less fundamental and astound- ing. Both read the same Bible, and pray to the same God ; and each invoke his aid against the other. It may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a just God's assistance in wringing their bread from the sweat of other men's faces ; but let us judge not, that we be not judged. The prayers of both could not be answered. That of neither has been an- swered fully. The Almighty has his own purposes. " Woe unto the world because of offences, for it must must needs be that offences come ; but woe to that man by whom the offence cometh." If we shall suppose that American slavery is one of these offen- ces, which, in the providence of God, must need? come, but which, having continued through his appointed time, he now wills to remove, and that he gives to both North and South this terrible war as the woe due to those by whom the offence came, shall we discern therein any departure from those divine attributes which the believers in a living God always ascribe to him? Fondly do we hope, fer- vently do we pray, that this mighty scourge of war may soon pass away. Yet, if God wills that it con- tinue until all the wealth piled by the bondman's two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until ewry drop of blood drawn with Lincoln's last inatjgural address. 343 the lash, shall be paid with another drawn by the sword ; as was said three thousand years ago, so still it must be said, " The judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether." With malice toward none, with charity to all, with firnmess in the right, as God gives ifs to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in ; to bind up the nation's wounds ; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow and his orphans ; to do all which may achieve and cher- ish a just and a lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations. 344 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. PEESIDENT LINCOLN'S PEOOLAMATION OF AMNESTY. AOOOMPANTnTG THE PEESIDENt's MESSAGE, DEOEMBEE 8, 1863. TVheeeas, in and by the Constitution of the United States, it is provided that the President " shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment ;" and whereas a rebellion now exists whereby the loyal State governments of several States have for a long time been subverted, and many persons have committed and are now guilty of treason against the United States ; and whereas, with reference to said rebellion and treason, laws have been enacted by Congress declaring forfeitures and confiscation of property and liberation of slavey all upon terms and conditions therein stated ; and also declaring that the President was thereby author- ized at any time thereafter, by proclamation, to extend to persons who may have participated in the leptcoln's proclamation of amnesty. 345 existiog rebellion, in any State or part thereof, par- don and amnesty, with such exceptions and at such times and on such conditions as he may deem expe- dient for the public welfare ; and whereas the con- gressional declaration for limited and conditional pardon accords with well established judicial exposi- tion of the pardoning power; and whereas, with reference to said rebellion, the President of the United States has issued several proclamation s» with provisions in regard to the liberation of slaves ; and whereas it is now desired by some persons heretofore engaged in said rebellion to resume their allegiance to the United States, and to reinaugurate loyal State governments within and for their respective States : Therefore, " I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, do proclaim, declare, and make known to all persons who have, directly or by implication, partici- pated in the existing rebellion, except as hereinafter excepted, that a full pardon is hereby granted to them and each of them, with restoration of all rights of property, except as to slaves, and in property cases where rights of third parties shall have inter- vened, and upon the condition that every such person shall take and subscribe an oath, and thence- forward keep and maintain such oath inviolate ; and which oath shall be registered for permanent preser- 846 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK, vation, and shall be of the tenor and effect following, to wit : " I, , do solemnly swear, in presence of Almighty God, that I will henceforth faithfully support, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States, and the union of the States there- under ; and that I will in like manner, abide by and faithfully support all acts of Congress passed during the 'existing rebellion with reference to slaves, so long and so far as not repealed, modified, or held void by Congress, or by decision of the Supreme Court ; and that I will, in like manner, abide by and faithfully support all proclamations of the Presi- dent made during the existing rebellion having reference to slaves, so long and so far as not modified or declared void by decision of the Supreme Court. So help me God." The persons excepted from the benefits of the foregoing provisions are, all who are, or shall have been, civil or diplomatic ofiicers or agents of the so- called confederate government ; all who have left judicial stations under the United States to aid the rebellion ; all who are, or shall have been, military or naval ofiicers of said so-called confeddfate govern- ment, above the rank of colonel in the army, or of lieutenant in the navy ; all who left seats in the United States Congress to aid the rebellion ; all ytho Lincoln's proclamation of amnesty. 347 resigned commissions in the Army or I^avy of the United States, and afterwards aided the rebellion ; and all who have engaged in any way in treating colored persons, or white persons in charge of such, otherwise than lawfully as prisoners of war, and which persons may have been found in the United States Service as soldiers, seamen, or in any other capacity. And I do further proclaim, declare and make known, that whenever, in any of the States of Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, and North Carolina, a number of persons, not less than one-tenth in number of the votes cast in such State at the presidential election of the year of our Lord 1860, each having taken the oath aforesaid, and not having since violated it, and being a qualified voter by the election law of the State existing immediately before the so-called act of secession, and excluding all others shall re-establish a State government which shall be republican, and in nowise contravening said oath, such shall be recognized as the true govern- ment of the State, and the State shall receive there- under the benefits of the constitutional provision which declares that " the United States shall guar- anty to every State in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them 348 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. against invasion ; and, on application of the Legisla- ture, or the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened), against domestic violence." And I do further proclaim, declare, and make known that any provision which may be adopted by such State government in relation to the freed people of such State, which shall recognize and declare their permanent freedom, provide for their education, and which may yet be consistent, as a temporary arrangement, with their present condition as a laboring, landless, and homeless class, will not be objected to by the National Executive. And it is suggested as not improper, that, in constructing a loyal State government in any State, the name of the State, the boundary, the subdivisions, the consti- tution, and the general code of laws, as before the rebellion, be maintained, subject only to the modifi- cations made necessary by the conditions hereinbefore stated, and such others, if any, not contravening said conditions, and which may be deemed expedient by those framing the new State government. To avoid misunderstanding, it may be proper to say that this proclamation, so far as it relates to State governments, has no reference to States wherein loyal State governments have all the while been maintained. And for the same reason, it may be proper to further say that whether members sent Lincoln's proclamation of amnesty. 349 to Congress from any State shall be admitted to seats, constitutionally rests exclusive with the respective Houses, and not to any extent with the Executive. And still further, that this proclamation is intended to present the people of the States wherein the national authority has been suspended, and loyal State governments have been subverted, a mode in and by which the national authority and loyal State governments may be re-established within said States, or in any of them ; and, while the mode presented is the best the Executive can suggest, with his present impressions, it must not be understood that no other possible mode would be acceptable. Given under my hand, at the City of Washington, the 8th day of December, a. d. 1863, and of [l. s.] the independence of the United States of America the eighty-eighth. ABKAHAM LI:N'C0LK By the President. Wm. H. Sewakd, Secretary of State. 350 NiTIONAL HAin>-BOOK. PEESIDENT JOHNSON'S AMNESTY PROCLA- MATION, BY THE PEESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 'Whereas^ The President of the United States, on the 8th day of December, 1863, did, with the object of suppressing the existing rebellion, to induce all persons to lay down their arms, to return to their loyalty, and to restore the authority of the United States, issue proclamations offering amnesty and par- don to certain persons who had directly or by impli- cation, engaged in said rebellion ; and Whereas^ Many persons who had so engaged in the late rebellion have, since the issuance of said proclamation, failed or neglected to take the benefits offered thereby ; and Whereas^ Many persons who have been justly deprived of all claim to amnesty and pardon there- under, by reason of their participation directly or by implication in said rebellion, and continued in hos- tilitv to the Government of the United States since 351 the date of said proclamation, now desire to apply for and obtain amnesty and pardon : To the end, therefore, that the authority of the Government of the United States may be restored, and tha*t peace, and order, and freedom may be es- tablished, I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, do proclaim and declare, that I hereby grant to all persons who have directly or in- directly participated in the existing rebellion, except as hereafter excepted, amnesty and pardon, with res- toration of all rights of property, except as to slaves, except in cases where legal proceedings under the laws of the United States, providing for the confisca- tion of property of persons engaged in rebellion, have been instituted, but on the condition, nevertheless, that every such person shall take and subscribe to the following oath, which shall be registered, for permanent preservation, and shall be of the tenor and effect following, to wit : I do solemnly swear or affirm in presence of Almighty God, that I will henceforth support, pro- tect, and faithfully defend the Constitution of the United States, and will, in like manner, abide by and faithfully support all laws and proclamations which have been made during the existing rebellion with reference to the emancipation of slaves. So help me God 352 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. The following classes of persons are excepted from the benefits of this proclamation. 1. All who are or have been pretended diplomatic officers, or otherwise domestic or foreign agents of the pretended Confederate States. 2. All who left judicial stations under the United States to aid in the rebellion. 3. All who have been military or naval officers of the pretended Confederate Government above the rank of colonel in the army, and lieutenant in the navy. 4. All who left their seats in the Congress of the United States to aid in the rebellion. 5. All who resigned or tendered the resignation of their commissions in the army and navy of the United States to evade their duty in resisting the rebellion. 6. All who have engaged in any way in treating otherwise than lawfully as prisoners of war, persons found in the United States service as officers, sol- diers, seamen, or in other capacities. Y. All persons who have been or are absentees from the United States for the purpose of aiding the rebellion. 8. All military or naval officers in the rebel ser- vice who were educated by the Government in the Military Academy at West Point, or at the United States l^aval Academy. JOHIfSON's AMNE8TT PEOCLAMATION. 353 9. All persons who held the pretended offices of Governors of the States in insurrection against the United States. 10. All persons who left their homes within the jurisdiction and protection of the United States, and passed beyond the Federal military lines into the so-called Confederate States for the purpose of aiding the rebellion. 11. All persons who have engaged in the de- struction of the commerce of the United States upon the high seas, and all persons who have made raids into the United States from Canada, or been engaged in destroying the commerce of the United States on the lakes and rivers that separate the British prov- inces from the United States. 12. All persons who, at a time when they seek to obtain the benefits hereof by taking the oath herein prescribed, are in military, naval or civil confinement or custody, or under bond of the military or naval authorities or agents of the United States as pris- oners of any kind, either before or after their con- viction. 13. All persons who have voluntarily participated in said rebellion, the estimated value of whose taxa- ble property is over twenty thousand dollars. 14. All persons who have taken the oath of am- nesty, as prescribed in the President's proclamation 23 354 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. of December 8, 1863, or the oath of allegiance to the United States since the date of said proclamation, and who have not thenceforward kept the same inviolate ; provided, that special application may be made to the President for pardon by any person be- longing to the excepted classes, and such clemency will be extended as may be consistent with the facts of the case and the peace and dignity of the United States. The Secretary of State will establish rules and regulations for administering and recording the said amnesty oath, so as to insure its benefits to the peoj^le, and guard the government against fraud. In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, and caused the seal of the United States to be afilxed. Done at the City of Washington, this the 29th day of May, 1865, and of the independence of America the 89th. A]^DEEW JOHNSON. By the President, Wm. H. Seward, Secretary of State, A PEACE PBOCLAMATION. 355 A PEACE PEOOLAMATION. On the 20th of August, 1866, the President issued a proclamation announcing the return of peace and restoring the writ of habeas corj)us in all the Southern States. Among the points made in this proclamation are the following : '' There now exists no organized armed resistance of the misguided citizens or others to the authority of the United States in the States of Georgia, South Carolina, Yirginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Ala- bama, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Florida, and the laws can be sustained and enforced therein by the proper civil authority. State or Federal, and the people of the said States are well and loyally dis- posed, and have conformed, or will conform, in their legislation to the condition of affairs growing out of the amend inent to the Constitution of the United 356 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. States prohibiting slavery within the jurisdiction of the United States. u * * * fi^Q people of the several before men- tioned States have, in the manner aforesaid, given satisfactory evidence that they acquiesce in this sov- ereign and important revolution of the national unity. " It is believed to be a fundamental principle of government that people who have revolted, and who have been overcome and subdued, must either be dealt with so as to induce them voluntarily to become friends, or else they must be held by absolute mili- tary power, or devastated so as to prevent them from ever again doing harm as enemies, which last named policy is abhorrent to humanity and freedom. " The Constitution of the United States provides for constitutional communities only as States, and not as territories, dependencies, provinces, or proteo torates. u * * * Therefore, I, Andrew Johnson, Presi- dent of the United States, do hereby proclaim and declare that the insurrection which heretofore existed in the States of Georgia, South Carolina, Korth Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Florida is at an end, and henceforth to be so regarded." PK0V08T MARSHALL-GENERAL'S REPORT. PEOVOST MAESHAL-GENEEAL'S EEPOET. SHOWING THE NUMBER OF MEN ENLISTED, NTJMBEE OF KILLED, WOUNDED, AND DEATHS FEOM DISEASE, DUBING THE REBELLION. Washington, D. C, Friday, April 27, 1866. The following is a condensed summary of the results of the operations of this bureau, from its or- ganization to the close of the war. 1. By means of a full and exact enrollment of all persons liable to conscription, under the law of March 3 and its amendments, a complete exhibit of the military resources of the loyal States, in men, was made, showing an aggregate number of 2,254,063, not including 1,000,516 soldiers actually under arms, when hostilities ceased. 2. One million one hundred and twenty thousand six Imndred and twenty-one men were raised, at an average cost (on account of recruitment exclusive of 358 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. bounties,) of $9.84 per man, while the cost of recruit ing of 1,356,593 raised prior to the organization of the Bureau was $34.01 per man. A saving of over seventy cents on the dollar in the cost of raising troops was thus effected under this Bureau, notwith- standing the increase in the price of subsistence, transportation, rents, &c., during the last two years of the war. (Item: The number above given docs not embrace the naval credits allowed under the eighth section of the act of July 4, 1864, nor credits for drafted men who paid commutation, the recruits for the regular army, nor the credits allowed by the Adjutant-General subsequent to May 25, 1865, for men raised prior to that date.) 3. Seventy-six thousand five hundred and twenty- six deserters were arrested and returned to the army. The vigilance and energy of the officers of the Bu- reau, in this line of the business, put an effectual check to the wide-spread evil of desertion, which, at one time, impaired so seriously the numerical strength and efficiency of the army. 4. The quotas of men furnished by the various parts of the country were equalized, and a propor- tionate share of military service secured from each, thus removing the very serious inequality of recruit- ment, which had arisen during the first two years of the war, and which, when the bureau was organized, had become an almost insuperable obstacle to the further progress of raising troops. 5. Records were completed showing minutely the physical condition of 1,014,776 of the men examined, and tables of great scientific and professional value have been compiled from this data. 6. The casualties in the entire military force of the nation during the war of the rebellion, as shown by the official muster-rolls and monthly returns, have been compiled with, in part, this result : KTLLED IN ACTION OR DIED OF WOUNDS WHILE IN SERVICE. Commissioned officers 5,221 Enlisted men 90,868 DIED FROM DISEASE OR ACCIDENT. Commissioned officers 2,321 Enlisted men 182, 329 Total loss in service 280,739 These figures have been carefully compiled from the complete official file of muster-rolls and monthly returns, but yet entire accuracy is not claimed for them, as errors and omissions to some extent doubt- less prevailed in the rolls and returns. Deaths (from wounds or disease contracted in service) which oc- 360 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. curred after the men left the armj are not included in these figures. Y. The system of recruitment established by the Bureau, under the laws of Congress, if permanently adopted, (with such improvement as experience may suggest,) will be capable of maintaining the numer- ical strength and improving the character of the army in time of peace, or of promptly and econom- ically rendering available the National forces to any required extent in time of war. THE CIVIL RIGHTS BILL. 361 CIVIL RIGHTS BILL. AS ADOPTED BY 00NGBKS8, MAEOH, 1866. § 1. That all persons in the United States and not subject to any foreiprn power, excluding iL.Hans not taxed, are hereby declared to be citizens of the United States ; and such citizens of every race and color, without regard to any previous condition of Slavery or involuntary service, except as a punish- ment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall have the same right, in every State and Territory, to make and enforce contracts, to sue, to be sued, be parties and give evidence ; to inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey personal property, and to full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of person and property as are enjoyed by white citizens ; and shall be subject to the like j>unishment, pains and penalties, and to none other ; any law, statute, ordi- 362 NiiTIONAL HAND-BOOK. iiauce, regulation, or custom to the contrary not- withstanding. § 2. And that any person who, under color of any law, statute, ordinance, regulation, or custom, shall subject, or cause to be subjected, any inhabit- ant of any State or Territory to the deprivation of any right secured or protected by this act, or to pun- ishment, pains, and penalties, on account of such person having at any time been held in a condition of slavery, or involuntary servitude, except for the punishment of crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, or by the reason of his color or race, than is prescribed for the punishment of white persons, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, or imprisonment not exceeding one year, or both, in the discretion of the court. § 3. That the district courts of the United States, within their respective districts, shall have, exclu- sively cf the courts of the several States, cognizance of all crimes and offences committed against the provisions of this act, and also, concurrently with the circuit courts of the United States, of all causes civil and criminal, affecting persons who are denied, or can not enforce in the courts of judicial tribunal of the State or locality where they may be, any of THE Cr9lL EIGHTS BILL. 363 the rights secured to them hy the first section of this act ; and if any suit or prosecution, civil or criminal, has been, or shall be commenced in any State court against any such person, for any cause whatsoever, civil or military, or any other person, any arrest or imprisonment, trespasses, or wrong done or com- mitted by virtue or under color of authority derived from this act, or the act establishing a bureau for the relief of freed men and refugees, and all acts amenda- tory thereof, or for refusing to do any act, upon the ground that it would be inconsistent with this act, such defendant shall have the right to remove such cause for trial to the proper district or circuit court, in the manner prescribed by the act relating to habeas corpus^ and regulating judicial proceedings in certain cases, approved March 3, 1863, and all acts amenda- tory thereto. The jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters hereby conferred on the district and circuit courts of the United States shall be exercised and enforced, in conformity with the laws of the United States, so far as such laws are suitable to carry the same into effect; but in all cases where such laws are not adapted to the object, or are deficient in the pro- visions necessary to furnish suitable remedies and punish ofiences against the law, the common law, as modified and changed by the Constitution and statutes of the State wherein the court having juris- 364 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. diction of the cause, civil or criminal, is held, so far as the same is not inconsistent with the Constitution, and laws of the United States, shall be extended, and govern the said courts in the trial and disposition of such causes, and, if of a criminal nature, in the infliction of punishment on the party found guilty. § 4. That the district attorneys, marshals, and deputy marshals, of the United States, the commis- sioners appointed by the circuit and territorial courts of the United States, with power of arresting, impris- oning, or bailing offenders against the laws of the United States, the officers and agents of the Freed- men's iiureau, and every other officer who may be specially empowered by the President of the United States, shall be, and they are, hereby specially authorized and required, at the expense of the United States, to institute proceedings against all and every person who shall violate the provisions of this act, and cause him or them to be arrested and imprisoned, or bailed, as the case may be, for trial before such of the United States or territorial courts as by this act have cognizance of the offence, and, with a view to affording reasonable protection to all persons in their constitutional rights of equality before the law, with- out distinction of race or color, or previous condition of shivery or involuntary servitude, except as a pun- ishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been THE CIVIL BIGHTS BELL. 365 duly convicted, and the prompt discharge of the duties of this act, it shall be the duty of the circuit courts of the United States and the superior courts of the territories of the United States, from time to time, to increase the number of Commissioners, so as to afford a speedy and convenient means for the arrest and examination of persons charged with a violation of this act. § 5. That said Commissioners shall have concur- rent jurisdiction with the judges of the circuit and district courts of the United States, and the judges of the superior courts of the territories, severally and collectively, in term time and vacation, upon satis^ factory proof being made, to issue warrants and precepts for arresting and bringing before them all offenders against the provisions of this act, and, on examination, to discharge, admit to bail, or commit them for trial, as the facts may warrant. § 6. And such Commissioners are hereby author- ized and required to exercise and discharge all the powers and duties conferred on them by this Act, and the same duties with regard to offences created by this act, as they are authorized by law to exercise with regard to other offences against the laws of the United States. That it shall be the duty of all mar- shals and deputy marshals to obey and execute all warrants and precepts issued under the provisions of 3QQ NATIONAL HAITO-BOOK. this act when to them directed, and should any mar- shal or deputy marshal refuse to receive such war- rant or other process, when tendered, or to use all proper means diligently to execute the same, he shall on conviction thereof be lined in the sum of one thousand dollars, to the use of the person upon whom the accused is alleged to have committed the offence ; and the better to enable the said Commis- sioners to execute their duties faithfully and effi- ciently, in conformity with the Constitution of the United States, and the requirements of this act, they are hereby authorized and empowered, within their counties respectively, to appoint, in writing under their hands, one or more suitable persons, from time to time, to execute all such warrants and other pro- cess as may be issued by them in the lawful perform- ance of their respective duties, and the person so appointed to execute any warrant or process as afore- said shall have authority to summon and call to their aid the bystanders of Si posse comitates of the proper county, or such portion of the land or naval forces of the United States, or of the militia, as may be neces- sary to the performance of the duty with which they are charged, and to insure a faithful observance of the clause of the Constitution which prohibits slavery, in conformity with the y^rovisions of this act ; and said warrants shall run and be executed by THE OIVIL EIGHTS BILL. 367 said officers anywhere in the State or Territory within which they are issued. § 7. That any person who shall knowingly and wrongfully obstruct, hinder or prevent any officer or other person charged with the execution of any war- rant or process issued under the provisions of this act, or any person or persons lawfully assisting him or them, from arresting any person for whose apprehen- sion such warrant or process may have been issued ; or shall rescue, or attempt to rescue, such person from the custody of the officer, other person or per- sons, or those lawfully assisting, as aforesaid, when so arrested, pursuant to the authority berein given and declared ; or shall aid, abet or assist any person so arrested as aforesaid, directly or indirectly, to escape from the custody of the officer or other per- sons legally authorized, as aforesaid, or shall harbor or conceal any person for whom a warrant or process shall liave been issued as aforesaid, so as to prevent his discovery and arrest after notice of knowledge of the fact that a warrant has been issued for the appre- hension of such person, shall for either of said offences be subject to a fine not exceeding one thou- sand dollars, and imprisonment not exceeding six months, by indictment before the district court of the United States for the district in which said offence may have been committed, or before the proper court NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. of criminal jurisdiction, if committed within any one of the organized Territories of the United States. § 8. That the district attorneys, the marshals, their deputies, and the clerks of the said district and territorial courts, shall be paid for their services the like fees as may be allowed to them for similar services in other cases ; and in all cases where the proceedings are before a Commissioner he shall be entitled to a fee of ten dollars in full for his services in each case, inclusive of all services incident to such arrest and examination. The person or persons authorized to execute the process to be issued by such Commissioners for the arrest of offenders against the provisions of this act, shall be entitled to a fee of five dollars for each person he or they may arrest and take before any such Commissioner, as aforesaid, with such other fees as may be deemed reasonable by such Commissioner for such other additional services as may be necessarily performed by him or them — such as attending at the examination, keeping the prisoner in custody, and providing food and lodgings during his detention and until the final determina- tion of such Commissioner, and in general for per- forming such other duties as may be required in the premises, such fees to be made up in conformity with the fees usually charged by the officers of the court of justice, within the proper district or county, as THE CIVIL RIGHTS BILL. 369 / near as practicable, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States, on the certificate of the district within which the arrest is made, and to be recover- able from the defendant as part of the judgment in case of conviction. § 9. That whenever the President of the United States shall have reason to believe that offences have been or are likely to be committed against the pro- visions of this act within any judicial district, it shall be lawful for him, in his discretion, to direct the judge, marshal and district attorney of such district to attend at such place within the district and for such time as lie may designate, for the purpose of the more speedy arrest and trial of persons charged with the violation of this act ; and it shall be the duty of every judge or other officer, when any such requisition shall be received by him, to attend at the place and for the time therein designated. § 10. That it shall be lawful for the President of the United States, or such persons as he may empower for that purpose, to employ such part of the land or naval forces of the United States, or of the militia, as shall be necessary to prevent the vio- lation and enforce the due execution of this act. § 11. That upon all questions of law arising in any cause under the provisions of this act, a final appeal may be taken to the supreme court of the United States. 24 370 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. 1774 TO 1789. PRESIDENT. DATE. CONGKES8 MET AT Peyton Randolph, Va. . .5th Sept., 1774 Philadelphia. Henry Middleton, S. C. . .22nd Oct., 1774 Peyton Randolph, Va. . .10th May, 1775 " John Hancock, Mass. . . .24th May, 1776 Baltimore. r Philadelphia. Henry Laurens, S. C. . . .1st Nov. 1777 < York, Pa.; ;^ Lancaster, Pa. John Jay, N. Y 10th Dec, 1778 Philadelphia. Samuel Huntington, Conn. 28th Sep., 1778 " Thomas McKean, Del. . .10th July, 1781 " John Hanson, Md 5th Nov., 1781 « Elias Boudinot, N. J. . . .4th " 1782 " / Princeton, N. J. Thomas Mifflin, Pa. . . . 3rd " 1783 ] ^ ^. ,,^ (Annapolis, Md. Richard Henry Lee, Va. . .30th Nov., 1784 Trenton. Nathaniel Gorham, Mass. 6th Jan., 1786 New York. Arthur St. Clair, Pa. . . .2nd Feb., 1787 Cyrus Griffin, Va 22nd Jan., 1788 " The first Congress under the Constitution met at New York, March 4, 1789 ; Geo. Washington inaugurated Presi- dent. The seat of Government was removed to Washington, D. C, in 1800. OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 371 NATIONAL DEBTS OF THE TWENTY LEAD- ING NATIONALITIES IN 1875. Country, Beht, Interest, Bates France . . 14,500,000,000 1165,000,000 3§ England . . 3,900,000,000 133,500,000 2i United Statet i 2,125,000,000 103,000,000 41 Italy . . . 1,950,000,000 76,750,000 4 Spain . . . 1,875,000,000 55,000,000 3 Austria . . 1,750,000,000 75,000,000 4i Russia . , 1,700,000,000 67,250,000 4 Germany . . 1,000,000,000 45,000,000 4i Turkey . . 675,000,000 47,500,000 7 India . . . 650,000,000 29,500,000 4i Brazil . . , 410,000,000 15,500,000 4 Holland . . 400,000,000 11,250,000 2i Egypt . . 375,000,000 37,500,000 10 Portugal . 345,000,000 10,750,000 3 Mexico . 317,500,000 20,000,000 6 Australasia , 230,000,000 13,500,000 6 Peru . . 185,000,000 13,000,000 T Belgium . 180,000,000 8,750,000 5 Hungary . 160,000,000 7,500,000 5 Canada . 150,000,000 7,500,000 5 Total, $22,950,000,000 $942,750,000 372 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK STATISTICS OF EMIGRANTS ARRIVING IN THE UNITED STATES SINCE 1820. 1820 . . . . 8,385 1852 . . . . 371,603 1821 . . 9,130 1853 . . . 368,645 1822 . . . . 6,911 1854 . . . . 427,833 1823 . . 6,354 1855 . . . 200,877 1824 . . . . 7,912 1856 . . . . 200,436 1825 . . 10,199 1857 . . . 251,306 1826 . . . . 10,837 1858 . . . . 123,126 1827 . . 18,875 1859 . . . 121,282 1828 . . . . 27,382 1860 . . . . 153,640 1829 . . 22,520 1861 . . 91,920 1830 . . . . 23,322 1862 . . . . 91,987 1831 . . 22,633 1863 . . . 176,282 1832 . . . . 60,482 1864 . . . . 193,418 1833 . . 58,640 1865 . . . 248,120 1834 . . . . 6b,S6o 1866 . . . . 318,554 1835 . . 45,374 1867 . . . 298,358 1836 . . . . 76,242 1868 . . . . 297,215 1837 . . 79,340 1869 . . . 385,287 1838 . , . . 38,914 1870 . . . . 284,422 1889 68,072 . . 84,006 1840 . . Total, . . 7,448,925 1841 . . 80,289 1842 . . . . 104,565 1843 . . 78,615 1844 . . 1845 . . * . * 114,371 1846 . . . . 154,416 1847 . . . 234,968 1848 . . . . 226,527 1849 . . . 297,041 1850 . . . . 369,963 , 1851 . . . 379,466 OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 373 United States Patent Office. Comparative statement from 1837 to 1875, inclusive. y , Applica- Patents Cash Cash ^^^' tions. issued. received. expended. 1837 435 $29,289 08 $33,506 98 1838 520 42,123 54 37,402 10 1839 425 37,260 00 34,543 51 1840 735 473 38,056 51 39,020 67 1841 847 495 40,413 01 52,666 87 1842 761 517 36,505 68 31,24148 1843 819 531 35,315 81 30,776 96 1844 1,045 502 42,509 26 36,244 73 1845 1,246 502 51,076 14 39,395 65 1846 1,272 619 50,264 16 46,158 71 1847 1,531 572 63,11119 41,878 35 1848 1,628 660 67,576 69 58,905 84 1849 1,955 1,070 80,752 98 77,716 44 1850 2,193 995 86,927 05 80,100 95 1851 2,258 865 95,738 61 86,916 93 1852 2,639 1,020 112,656 34 95,916 91 1853 2,673 958 121,527 45 132,869 83 18.54 3,324 1,902 163,789 84 167,146 32 1855 4,435 2,024 216,459 35 179,540 33 1856 4,960 2,502 192,588 02 199,93102 1857 4,771 2,910 196,132 01 211,582 09 1858 5,364 3,710 203,716 16 193,193 74 1859 6,225 4,538 245,942 15 210,278 41 1860 7,653 4,819 256,352 59 252,820 80 1861 4,643 3,340 137,354 44 221,49191 1862 5,038 3,521 215,754 99 182,810 39 1863 6,014 4,170 195,593 29 189,414 14 1864 6,932 5,020 240,919 98 229,868 00 1865 10,664 6,616 348,79184 274,199 34 1866 15,269 9,450 495,665 38 361,724 28 1867 21,276 V],0\6 646,58192 639,263 32 1868 20,420 13,378 681,565 86 628,679 77 1869 19,271 13,986 693,145 81 486,430 78 1870 19,171 13,321 669,456 76 557.149 19 1871 19,472 13,033 678,716 46 560,595 08 1872 18,246 13,590 699.726 39 665,59136 1873 20,414 12,864 703,19177 691,178 98 1874 21,602 13,599 738,278 17 679,288 41 1875 21,638 16,288 743,453 36 721,657 71 374 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK Table. — Showing the number of Patents issued for each of the following mechanical devices since the organization of the U. S. Patent Office :— Bee-hives 645 Bending-machines for wood and metal 144 Boots and shoes, manufacture of, and articles used therein 817 Brick-kilns and brick-machines 808 Bridges 425 Brooms and brushes, and their attachments 750 Buckles 388 Burglars-alarms 165 Burners, gas, lamp, and vapor 793 Cane-mills 66 Corn-planters 647 Corn-shellers 378 Cotton-planters , 173 Cultivators 1,617 Car-brakes 485 Car-coupling 961 Car-wheels 314 Carriages and their appendages 1,495 Churns and their appendages 1,391 Clothes driers and wringers 984 Curtain fixtures 364 Fire-arms 1,203 Fanning-mills 127 Grain-cradles 18 Grain-drills 186 Gas and gas apparatus 1,399 Grain, cutting, binding, and drying 135 Grinding and grist mills 371 Hand-rakes 9 Harrows 329 Harvesters 2,244 Hav-forks 382 Hoes 201 Horse-powers 415 Horse-rakes 373 Lawn-mowers 38 Lamps and appurtenances 1,483 Looms and appurtenances 1,210 Mowers 173 Plows 2,451 Paper, manufacture of 269 OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 375 Pavements 404 Photography 346 Planing-machines, wood and metal 384 Propellers, and apparatus for 570 Printing-presses, apparatus and material 756 Railways, apparatus and connections 1,552 Rotary engines 170 Reapers 69 Reapers and mowers combined 61 Rollers and scrapers 141 Seed-sowers 579 Scythes 50 Scythe-snaths 26 Separators 334 Shovels 58 Sickles 13 Stump-pullers 191 Thrashers 732 Saw-mills and machines 1,981 Sewing-machines and their attachments 2,295 Steam-engines and apparatus 1,013 Stoves 2,400 Straw-cutters and machines 401 Sugar-mills and machinery 343 Telegraph and instruments 566 Toys 300 Tobacco-presses and manufactures 197 Valves 1,497 Total number of patents issued since 1836 171,640 Total number of reissues 6,830 Total number of designs 8,883 Total number of trade-marks 3,287 Total number of labels 464 From the Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Patents. 376 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK o o o o o -tJI CO 0:1 CO »^ OS O o (^ o O CO '^ 00 CO CO .^ o »o oo o o «:» CO (?4 t^ t "^ o o (M o (M o t^ CO Tjl I—I o Oi . GO Oi <] fM ?— ( ^ o C5 CX) (^^ x^ GO ^ CO CO o CO o I— 1 T-^ !>. 05 00 m (M -* rH Oi tr- (M 00 OS H § iH sH ^'^ »o CO CO W H H CO I o o o H § t^ -rj^ ->:iH W |S CO O 00 rj "^ as GO CO g 5 CO 00 >o ^ 5? ^ <>< 10 '^ fe ^ e <§ CO ■v> ? »o t-H H c^ 00 r/? ^^ 00 HH 3 ^ (— ^ (N CO h* (^ OS 00 ''tt CO t^ <-5 (M CO t^ 1—1 (M (^ f7< ^ Ci CO xj^ as (>< ir^ r-H Oi CO OS GO (M CO' ^ as — ■ l>. Oi I-^ 05^ rH -^ ^ ^ oT OS, b- O 23 CO I— ( l>. OS j^ <>< CO «>• ^ as (n ^ (M CO t^ as CO T-( r^ CO uo (M (N 00 T-i CO 'O t>. '^ »o w:) 1—1 tH .ooOiooO'— iasas"^oo P^ ^ OSC0»O^'^^^^^» CO CO a, si oooooooo ocoo asOT-HC^co'^>o«oh'i>>i>- t>.O0QOO0O00O0OQOO0GOCO OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 377 THE VOTES FOR THE PRESIDENTS. Popular Electoral Teau Candidates. Vote. Vote. 1789— George Washington Unanimoua 1796— John Q. Adams 71 Thomas Jefferson 69 1800— Thomas Jefferson Dem 73 Aaron Burr Dem 73 John Q. Adams Fed 65 1804— Thomas Jefferson Dem 148 C. C. Pinckney Fed 28 1808— James Madison Dem 122 C C. Pinckney Fed 47 1812— James Madison Dem. 128 DeWitt Olinton Dem 89 1816— James Monroe Dem 183 Rufus King Fed 34 1820— James Monroe .Dem 227 John Adams Fed 1 1824— John Q. Adams Fed. 105,321 84 Andrew Jackson Dem. 155,872 99 W. H. Crawford Dem. 44,282 41 HenryClay Whig. 46,587 37 1828— Andrew Jackson Dem. 647,231 178 John Q. Adams Fed. 509,097 83 1832— Andrew Jackson Dem. 687,502 219 HenryClay Whig. ' id. John Floyd Ind 11 William Wirt Anti M 7 1836— Martin Van Buren Dem. 761 ,549 170 Wm. H. Harrison Whig 736,656 121 1840— Wm. H. Harrison Whig 1,275,011 234 Martin Van Buren Dem. 1,135,761 60 1844— James K. Polk Dem- 1,337,243 170 Henry Clay Whig. 1,361,362 105 1848— Zachary Taylor Whig. 1,360,099 163 Lewis Cass Dem. 1,220,544 127 Martin Van Buren Free Soil. 291,263 — 1852— Franklin Pierce Dem. 1,601,474 254 Winlield Scott Whig 1,542,403 42 JohnP. Hale Abolitionist 157.296 — 1856— James Buchanan Dem. 1,838,169 174 JohnC. Fremont Rep. 2,215,798 122 Millard Fillmore Am. 874,707 8 1860— Abraham Lincoln Rep. 1,866,352 180 J. C. Breckenridge Dem. 2,810,501 123 S.A.Douglas Dem. l,365,r>78 12 John Bell Union. 590,631 39 1864— Abraham Lincoln Rep. 2,216,067 213 George B. McClellan Dem. 1,808.725 21 1868— Ulysses S. Grant Rep. 3,015,071 214 Horatio Seymour Dem. 2,709,613 80 J872— Ulysses S. Grant. Rep. 3,597,070 300 Horace Greeley Lib. 2,834,079 66 1876— Ruthaford B. Hayes Rep, Samuel J. Tilden Dem. 378 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK ■ nm^ ' This maybe carried to an iiuletinite period in the past or future, by extending the table of years and repeating the same letter every 28 years. 1776] 200 YEARS. [1976 i77« l»i>4 1832 1860 • 05 ' 33 •61 " 78 " 0« ' 34 • «2 • 79 '07 • 35 "63 '• HO "08 " 36 "64 " 81 "09 " 37 "65 " H2 •'lo '•38 "66 •' «a ' 11 "U " 67 ** 84 •' 12 "68 " 85 " 13 "41 "69 !!14 "42 '•70 " 87 15 '•43 "7 it luQ " 16 •'44 '•751 •• 89 :.' 17 " 45 "7;; "90 IS '46 "74 " 91 * 19 " 47 "75 " 92 ' 20 "48 ' 76 " 9S : 21 •*49 " 77 " *»4 ' 22 'ftO " 78 " 95 " 23 "51 " 79 •24 "52 "80 " 97 "25 • 53 "81 *' 98 ' 26 " 54 "82 " QQ ' 27 ' 55 ' W3 1800 ;• 28 ' 66 "81 ' Ol '29 " 57 " 85 "oa ' 30 •' 68 •H6 •Ol "31 • 59 " h7 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 9S 99 190(> Ol O'i 03 Ol 05 06 07 08 09 lO 11 12 13 64 15 1916 • 17 "18 " 19 " 20 • 21 " 22 " 23 " 24 * 25 " 26 " 27 " 28 ' 29 ' 30 " 31 " 32 * 33 " 34 " 35 " 36 " 37 ''■ 38 " :j9 " to ■' iij '• -23 1944 ■' 45 • 46 " 47 " 48 " 49 •* 50 " 51 " 52 " 53 " 54 " 55 " 66 " 57 " &m " 59 " 60 " 61 " 62 ' 63 " 61 " 65 " 66 " 67 " 68 " 69 " 7 0' •'71 1972 " 73 " 74 " 75 •• 76 li, Ns li it H^: E ■ClFlF D (;:A F HU g:i;!(' AC U l> I) F „ e'gIc F AID A I> OGBE IJE FlO D G -u k; G<,',B !K AlAiD F FB II EG D E « A t* If IS Ki 'mm A B V. c k; ADD BEE 'E'aIa F BIB, E A ., F B AD G B E A C FIB DGjr F B E GC|F ADG BIE A DGC E a!d FIB E «. HISTORY OF THE FLAG. BY A DISTINGUISHED HISTOBIAN. Men, in the aggregate, demand something be»ided abstract ideas and principles. Hence the desire foi symbols — something visible to the eye and that ap- peals to the senses. Every nation has a flag that represents the country — every army a common ban- ner, which, to the soldier, stands for that army. It speaks to him in the din of battle, cheers liim in the long and tedious march, and pleads with him on the disastrous retreat. Standards were originally carried on a pole or lance. It matters little what they may be, for the symbol is the same. In ancient times the Hebrew tribes had each its own standard — that of Ephraim, for instance, was a steer; of Benjamin, a wolf. Among the Greeks, the Athenians had an owl, and the Thebans a sphynx. The standard of Romulus was a bundle of hay tied to 4 pole, afterwards a human hand, and finally an eagle. HISTORY OF THE FLAO. 381 Eoigles were at first made of wood, then of silver, with thunderbolts of gold. Under Caesar thej were all gold, without thunderbolts, and were carried on a long pike. The Germans formerly fastened a streamer to a lance, which the duke carried in front of the army. Eussia and Austria adopted the double headed eagle. The ancient national flag of England, all know, was the banner of St. George, a white field with a red cross. This was at first used in the Col- onies, but several changes were afterwards made. Of course, when they separated from the mother country, it was necessary to have a distinct flag of their own, and the Continental Congress appointed Dr. Franklin, Mr. Lynch, and Mr. Harrison, a com- mittee to take the subject into consideration. They repaired to the American army, a little over 9,000 strong, then assembled at Cambridge, and after due consideration, adopted one composed of seven white and seven red stripes, with the red and white crosses of St. George and St. Andrew, conjoined on a blue field in the corner, and named it " The Great Union Flag." The crosses of St. George and St. Andrew were retained to show the willingness of the colonies to return to their allegiance to the British crown, if their rights were secured. This flag was first hoisted on the first day of January, 1776. In the meantime, the various colonies had adopted distinctive badges, 382 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. BO that the different bodies of troops, that flocked 'o the army, had each its own banner. In Connecticut, each regiment had its own peculiar standard, on wliich were represented the arms of the colony, with the motto, " Qui transtulit sustinet " — (he who trans- planted us will sustain us.) The one that Putnam gave to the breeze on Prospect Hill on the 18th of July, 1775, was a red flag, with this motto on one side, and on the other, the words inscribed, "An appeal to Heaven." That of the floating batteries was a white ground with the same "Appeal to Heaven " upon it. It is supposed that at Bunker Hill our troops carried a red flag, with a pine tree on a white field in the corner. The first fiag in South Car- olina was blue, with a crescent in the corner, and received its first baptism under Moultrie. In 1776, Col. Gadsen presented to Congress a flag to be used by the navy, wliich consisted of a rattle-snake on a yellow ground, with thirteen rattles, and coiled to strike. The motto was, " Don't tread on me.'' " The Great Union Flag," as described above, without the crosses, and sometimes with the rattle-snake and motto, " Don't tread on me," was used as a naval flag, and called the " Continental Flag." As the war progressed, different regiments and corps adopted peculiar flags, by which they were designated. The troops which Patrick Henry raised HISTORY OF THE FLAG. 383 and called the " Culpepper Minute Men," had a banner with a rattle-snake on it, and the mottoes, "Don't tread on me," and "Liberty or death," to gether with their name. Morgan's celebrated rifle- men, called the " Morgan Rifles," not only had a peculiar uniform, but a flag of their own, on which was inscribed, " XL Virginia Regiment," and the words, " Morgan's Rifle Corps." On it was also the date, 1T76, surrounded by a wreath of laurel. Wherever this banner floated, the soldiers knew that deadly work was being done. When the gallant Pulaski was raising a body of cavalry, in Baltimore, the nuns of Bethlehem sent him a banner of crimson silk, with emblems on it, wrought by their own hands. That of Washington's Life Guard was made of white silk, with various devices upon it, and the motto, " Conquer or die." It doubtless always will be customary in this country, during a war, for different regiments to have flags presented to them with various devices upon them. It was so during the recent war, but as the stars and stripes supplant them all, so in our revolu- tionary struggle, the " Great Union Flag," which was raised in Cambridge, took the place of all others and became the flag of the American army. But in 1777, Congress, on the 19th day of June, passed the following resolution : " Resolved, That 384 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. the flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white, that the union be thirteen stars, white, in a blue field, representing a new constellation." A constellation, however, could not well be represented on a flag, and so it was changed into a circle of stars, to represent harmony and union. Red is supposed to represent courage, white, integrity of purpose, and blue, steadfastness, love, and faith. This flag, however, was not used till the following autumn, and waved first over the memorable battle field of Saratoga. Thus our flag was born, which to-day is known, respected, and feared round the entire globe. In 1794 it received a slight modification, evidently growing out of the intention at that time of Congress to add a new stripe with every additional State that came into the Union, for it passed that year the fol- lowing resolution : ''Resolved^ That from and after the 1st day of May, Anno Domini 1795, the flag of the United States be fifteen stripes, alternate red and white. That the union be fifteen stars, white, in a blue field." In 1818, it was by another resolution of Congress, changed back into thirteen stripes, with twenty-one stars, in which it was provided that a new star should be added to the union on the admis- sion of each new State. That resolution has never been rescinded, till now thirty-six stars blaze on our HISTOET OP THE FLAG. 385 banner. . The symbol of our nationality, the record of our glory, it has become dear to the heart of tlie people. On the sea and on the land its history has been one to swell the heart with pride. The most beautiful flag in the world in its appearance, it is stained by no disgrace, for it has triumphed in every struggle. Through three wars it bore us on to vic- tory, and in this last terrible struggle against treason, though baptized in the blood of its own children, not a star has been effaced, and it still waves over a united nation. Whenever the " Star-Spangled Banner " is sung, the spontaneous outburst of the vast masses, as the chorus is reached, shows what a hold that flag has on the popular heart. It not only represents our nation- ality, but it is the peojple^s flag. It led them on to freedom — it does something more than appeal to their pride as a symbol of national greatness — it appeals to their affections as a friend of their dearest rights. We cannot better close this short history of our flag than by appending the following stirring poem of Drake : When freedom from her mountain height Unfurled her standard to the air, She tore the azure robes of night, And set the stars of glory there I 25 36C) NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. She mingled witli its gorgeous dyes The milky baldric of the skies, And striped its pure celestial white With streakings of the morning hght; Then, from his mansion in the sun, She called her eagle-bearer down, And gave mto his mighty hand The symbol of her chosen land I Majestic monarch of the cloud Who rear'st aloft thy regal form, To hear the tempest trumping loud And see the lightning lances driven, When strive the warriors of the storm. And rolls the thunder drum of heaven, Child of the sunl to thee 'tis given To guard the banner of the free ; To hover in the sulphur smoke. To ward away the battle stroke; And bid its blendings shine afar. Like rainbows on the cloud of war — The harbmger of victory 1 Flag of the brave! thy folds shall fly, The sign of hope and triumph high. When speaks the signal trumpet tone, And the long line comes gleaming on, (Ere yet the life-blood, warm and wet, Hath dimmed the glittering bayonet,) Each soldier's eye shall brightly turn To where thy sky-born glories bum, HISTOET OF THE FLAG. 387 And, as his springing steps advance, Catch war and vengeance from the glance ; And when the cannon's mouthings loud Heave in wild wreaths the battle shroud, And gory sabres rise and fall, Like shoots of flame on midnight's pall; Then sha.l thy meteor glances glow. And cowering foes shall shrink beneath Each gallant arm that strikes below That lovely messenger of death. Flag of the seas 1 on ocean wave Thy stars shall glitter o'er the brave. When death, careering on the gale. Sweeps darkly round the bellied sail, And frightened waves rush wildly back, Before the broadside's reeling rack. Each dying wanderer of the sea. Shall look at once to heaven and thee, And smile to see thy splendor fly, In triumph o'er his closing eye. Flag of the free, heart's hope and home ! By angel hands to valor given ; Thy stars have lit the welkin dome. And all thy hues were born in heaven I Forever float that standard sheet'I Where breathes the foe but falls before us? With Freedom's soil beneath our feet. And Freedom's banner streaming o'er us? 388 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. IMPOETANT EVENTS OF THE EEBELLIOK For a Chronology of Battles, see page 280. 1§59. Oct. 16. John Brown and fifteen white men and five negroes seize the arsenal at Harper's Ferry, and kill four of the in- habitants. Oct, 17. The militia and Federal troops besiege Brown and his men in the armory. Oct. 18. The armory captured by Colonel R. E. Lee (now G-eneral). Twelve of Brown's men killed. Brown and four men taken prisoners. Nov. 30. South Carolina Legislature ofier resolutions, that she is ready to enter with other States into the formation of a Southern Confederacy. Dec. 2. John Brown and two negroes hung at Charlestown, Va. 1§60. April 23. The Democratic National Convention assemble at Charleston, S. C, and adjourn to meet at Baltimore, June 18. The Southern Delegates secede, and meet at aame time and place. <( u u u u u IMPORTANT EVENTS OF THE REBELLION. 389 May 9. The Constitutional Union Convention meet at Balti- more, and nominate John Bell for President, and Edward Everett for Vice-President. May 18. The Republican Convention at Chicago nominate Abraham Lincoln for President, and Hannibal Hamlin for Vice-President. June 23. The National Democratic Convention at Baltimore nominate Douglas and Fitzpatrick. The Seceders nom- inate Breckinridge and Lane. Dec. 5. The U. S. Treasury suspends specie payment. " 20. South Carolina " Ordinance of Secession " passed. 1§61. Jan. 9. Mississippi " " 11. Alabama « " 11. Florida « " 19. Georgia " " " " 26. Louisiana " « " " 21. Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, withdraws from the U. S. Senate. " 29. Secretary Dix's despatch to New Orleans, " If any one attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot him on the spot." Feb. 1. Texas Ordinance of Secession passed. " 9. Jefferson Davis and A. H. Stephens elected President and Vice-President of the Southern Confederacy by the Convention at Montgomery, Ala. April 12. Bombardment of Fort Sumter — the first gun fired of the Rebellion — ^^ nobody hurV^ " 15. President Lincoln calls for 75,000 three months' volunteers. " 16. The Confederate Government calls for 32,000 men. 390 THE KATIONAL HAND-BOOK. April 16. Virginia " Ordinance of Secession" passed in secret session. " 16. N. Y. Legislature appropriates $3,000,000 for war purposes. * 17. Jefferson Davis grants letters of marque. " 19. Sixth Massachusetts Regiment mobbed in Balti- more while en route to Washington. " 19. President Lincoln orders the blockade of Southern ports. " 20. Governor Brown, of G-eorgia, by proclamation, pro- hibits the payment of all debts to Northern creditors till the end of hostilities. May 6. Arkansas " Ordinance of Secession " passed. " 21. North Carolina " " " " 24. Colonel Ellsworth shot at Alexandria, Ya. " 30. Secretary Cameron declares slaves contraband of war. June 3. Hon. S. A. Douglas died at Chicago. His dying mes- sage to his son was, " Tell them to obey the laws, and support the Constitution of the U. S." " 8. The Sanitary Commission authorized and appointed by the Government. " 24. Tennessee secedes by a vote of 104,913 for, and 32,134 against. July 8. $5,000,000 loaned the Government in five hours by N. Y. merchants. " 10. President Lincoln calls for 500,000 volunteers. Aug. 14. All Union men notified by Jefierson Davis to leave the Confederate States in forty days. *' 16. The President issues a proclamation confiscating rebel property. Nov. 8. Captain Wilkes, of the U. S. steamer San Jacinto. IMPORTAJ^T EVENTS OF THE REBELLION. 391 captures Mason and Slidell, rebel emissaries, on board the English steamer Trent. Nov. 19. The First "Stone Fleet" sailed for the South from Connecticut and Massachusetts. " 20. Kentucky, in State Convention, adopts an Ordinance of Secession. Dec. 4. John C. Breckinridge expelled from the U. S. Senate. " 20. The main channel of Charleston Harbor obstructed by sinking sixteen vessels of the " Stone Fleet." " 26. The Cabinet Council at Washington decide to give up Mason and Slidell. " 28. New York banks suspend specie payments. 1§63. Feb. 1. The President authorized by Act of Congress to take possession of all the railway and telegraphic lines when required for military purposes. " 14. Commodore Foote receives his death-wound in an en- gagement at Fort Donelson. March 8. The first Iron-Clad Naval Engagement between the Monitor and Merrimac. •Aug. 9. Recruiting brisk, and drafting in several States — travelling restricted by order of Government to prevent fugitives escaping. Sept. 22. 'The President issues his Emancipation Proclamation to take effect January 1, 18G3. " 24. The President suspends the writ o^ Habeas Corp^is. 1§63. Feb. 16. The Senate pass the Conscription Bill, and on the 25th the House pass the same. July 13. Great Draft Riot in New York — continues four days. The Colored Orphan Asylum and a number of buildings 302 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. burned. Twenty-five of the militia and police killed oi wounded, and 150 of the rioters. 1§64. June 5. Fremont and Cochrane nominated for President and Vice-President, but subsequently resign. " 8. The Baltimore Convention nominate Lincoln and Johnson for President and Vice-President. " 19. The Pirate Alabama sunk by the Kearsarge off the coast of France. Nov. 8. Lincoln and Johnson elected President and Vice- President. " 25. Hotels in New York burned by Southern incen- diaries. 1§65. Jan. 31. General R. E. Lee appointed Commander-in-Chief of Rebel forces by Jefferson Davis. Feb. 4. Failure of the Peace Negotiations with Rebel Commis- sioners. Grold in Richmond 4,400. March 11. The President orders the disfranchisement of non- reporting deserters. April 3. Evacuation of Richmond. Jefferson Davis at Dan- ville, Va., a fugitive. " 4. President Lincoln holds a levee in Jefferson Davis' house. " 7. Grant urges Lee to surrender, to save further effusion of blood. " 9. Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia to General Grant. " 10. Great rejoicing all over the country. " 13. Grant advises the draft to be stopped and recruiting to cease. mPOHTANT EVENTS OE THE REBELLION". 395 April 14. President Lincoln shot in Ford's Theatre, Washing ton, by J. Wilkes Booth. " 15. President Lincoln dies at 7.20 a.m. Andrew John son becomes the seventeenth President. " 21. General Kirby Smith by proclamation asserts his ability to continue the Rebellion. " 26. G-eneral J. E. Johnson surrenders with 27,500 men. May 9. President Johnson issues a Peace Proclamation declai- ing the war at an end. 10. Jefferson Davis captured at Irwinville, G-a. 13. $30,000,000 Seven-Thirty Loan subscribed this day. (( 394 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. CHEONOLOGIOAL TABLE Date. 1861. April 12 " 19 June 3 " 16 u 17 " 18 " 20 » 28 July 2 " 4 " 5 " 6 " 8 " 10 " 10 " 12 » 12 " 13 " 17 " 18 " 18 " 21 " 22 Aug. 2 " 5 Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. Bombardment of Ft. Sumter. Riot, Baltimore Philippi, Va. Seneca Mills, Md Boonesville, Mo Near Warsaw, Mo Big Bethel Shorter's Hill, Ya Martinsburg Harper's Ferry Carthage, Mo Middle Fork Bridge, Va. Burlington, W. Va Monroe Station, Mo Laurel Hill, Va Rich Mountain, Va, Barbourville, Va. Carrick Ford, Va. Scary town, Va. . Bull Run Kansas Cit}', Mo Blackburn's Ford, Va Beauregard's rep . Federal report. . . Forsyth, Mo Dug Spring, Mo Point of Rocks, Md Commanders. Union. Maj. Anderson.. Cols. Kelly and Landers Maj. Everett... G-en. Lyon . . . . . Capt. Cook Brig.-Gen. Price. Gen. Patterson. . 9th K Y Col. Sigel 45 of the odOhio Col, Smith Cols. McCook & Andrews Gen. McClellan. Col. Woodruff. , Gen. McClellan. Maj. Van Horn Gen Tyler j Gen. Irwin I McDowell Gen. Sweeny, Gen. Lyon . . . Confed, Gen. Beauregard Col. Porterfield, Capt. Gen. Price Gov. Jackson... Maj.-Gn. Magru- der Gen. Johnson.. . Price & Jackson. Gen. Harris. . . . Col. Pegrara Col, Pegram .... Gen. Garnett. . . Gen. Beaureo^ard Gen. Price. CHEONOLOGIOAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 395 OF THE WAE. Killed, "Wounded, and Prisoners. Union. Confed. 5 w Reported, " Nobody hurt." 3 k 7 w 7 k. 8 w First blood shed of the four year?' 2k. 2 w. 2 m. ... 16 k., 26 m 3 k Rebehion. 2 k. 8 w 25 k. 52 w. 28 p.. 16 k. 34 w. 6 m... 1 k 1 w 35 k. and w., 30 p. 45 k. and w k.,w..& m. uncer. . 2 k 3 k. 10 w 2 k. 3 w 30 k. and w., 20 p. 13 k. 31 w Ik 3 w 250 k. and w 7 k. and w 20 k. 40 w 80 k. and w., 70 p. Successful retreat of SigeL 2 k. 6 w Confederates defeated. Confederates defeated. 1 k. 3 w Confederates defeated. Ilk. 35 w 1 k 140 k. 150 w. 150 p. 12 k Capture of 200 tents, 60 wagons, and 6 cannon. Confederates defeated. 13 k. 40 vv 9 k 38 w 9 m . . 150 k. & w., 800 p. Gen. Garnett killed. Three Federal colonels and two Ik 20 k. and w 68 k. and w 1852 k. and w captains captured. Confederates defeated. 83 k. and w 4500 k., w., and p. 481k,1011w.700p. 2w Federal loss 28 pieces artillery 5,000 small arms. 5k.l0 w 40 k. 80 w 3 k. 2 w. 7 p 1 9 k 30 w s% THE NiTlOKAL HAl^D-BOOK. Date. 1861 Aug. 5 " 10 " 13 " 19 " 26 " 29 Stpc. 1 " 1 '' 10 " 12 " 13 12-14 *' 14 " 17 Oct. Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. (Athens. Mo. Wilson's Creek, Mo. Near Grafton, Va. Charleston, Mo. . . Cross Lanes, W. Va. . . . Lexington, Mo Bennett's Mills, Mo Boone Court House, Ya. Cai'nifex Ferry, Va Black River, Mo Booneville, Mo Cheat Mountain, W. Va. Kansas City, Mo Mariatown, Mo Blue Mills Landing, Mo Lexington, Mo Papinsville, Mo Mechanicsville Gap, Va Chapmansville, W. Va Osceola, Mo Lucas Bend, Ky Greenbrier, W. Va Hillsboro, Ky Santa Rosa Island, Fla Cameron, Ray Co., Mo 18 miles N.E. of Lebanon, Mo. Beckwith's Farm, Mo . . . Big River Bridge, Mo. . . , T ronton. Mo Big Hurricane Creek, Mo. Edwards' Ferry, Va Fredericktown, Mo Ball's Bluff Buffaio Mills, Mo. Commanders. Union. Col. Moore. Gen. Lyon, Capt. Dayton. Col, Dougherty and Lieut.-Col. Ransom.. . . Col. Tyler.... Gen. Ro^J^c^anz Maj. Ga vitt . . . Capt. Eppstein. Gn.J. J. Reynolds Lieut. Col. Scott, Col. Mulligan. . . Gen. Lane Col. Pratt Col. Montgomery Gn.J.J.Reynolds Lieut. Sadler. . Col. W. Wilson Maj. James.. . . Maj. Wright.:. Lieut. Tufts. Maj. Gavitt. . . . Col. Morgan Col. E. D. Baker Col. Baker. Confed. Gens. Price and McCulloch . . . Col. Hunter. Col. Reed.., Floyd Ben. Talbott... , Col. Brown Gen. R. E. Lee, GnD.R.Atchisou Gen. Price Col. J. W. Davis Gn. H.A.Jackson Capt. Holliday.. Gen, Anderson. . Capts. Lowel & Wright.. . .. GnJff. Thompson Gen. Thompson. Gen. Evans. . . . Jeff. Thompson i Col. Lowe. . . . Gen. Evans. . .. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. S'J'i Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. Eemarks, Union. Confed. 10 k and w 223 k. 721 w.292m None 23 k. 50 W 421k. 1317 w. 3 m. 21 k and w 20 k. and w., 17 p. 5 wagon-loads of supplies and 40 horses were captured from the Confederates. Gen. Lyon killed. Confederates routed. 1 k. 6 w 15 k. 40 w 30 p. . Confederate loss not known. 5 or 6 w 3 k. 6 w 8 k. several w Confederate loss not known 6 w 30 k . 16 k. 102 w Unknown 5 k.4 p Confederates retreated with small loss. 1 k. 4 w 13k. 20 w. 60 p.. 12 k. 30 w 100 k. & w., 20p.. 7 k. 6 p 7 k 100 horses and their tents and supplies were captured. 100 k. and w 42k.l08w. 1624 p. 17 k. 40 w 3 k. 10 w 4 k. 8 w ... 25 k. 75 w 40 k. 100 p 15 k. 30 w 29k. 50 w. 47 p.. 10 k 4 k. 5 p 100 k. 95 w. 13 p.. 11 k. 29 w. 22 p.. 100 k. & w. 35 p.. 8 k. 5 p 62 k. and w., 30 p. 12 k. and w 5 k. and 4 w 36 k. and w 14 k 8 p. . . And all their tents and supplies. Confederates defeated. Col. J. W. Davis kUled. Confederates routed. A drawn battle. 1 k. 4 w None 8 k. 32 w 3 k. 3 w 13 k. 21 w 1 k, 4 w 1 k 2 k. 5 w. 3 m 1 k. fi w Unions burned the bridge. 11 k. 14 w .. 223 k. 250 w. 600 p 7 k. 60 w 223k.266w.455m. 200 k. and w Rebel loss heavy . . 36 k. 264 w. 2 p.. 20 k. and w. 60 p.. Col. Lowe killed, 80 prisoners and 4 heavy guns captured. Col. Baker killed. 398 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Date. 1861. Oct. 23 " 28 " 25 " 2f) " 2G 2 1 Nov. Dec. Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. West Liberty, Ky, Hodgesville, Ky, . Sprinfyfield, Mo. . New Creek, Va . . Plattsburo:, Mo Platte City, Mo. . , Belmont, Mo Port Royal, S. C. Belmont, Mo. Rolla, Mo... Piketon, Ky New River, Ya Guyandotte, Va Kansas City, Mo , Romney, Va , McCoy's Mill, Va. Warren.sburg , Fort Pickens, Fla Lancaster, Va Dranesville, Va. Black Walnut Creek, Mo. Hunter's Chapel , Dunksburg, Mo Salem, Mo. Whip-poor-will Bridge Brownsville, Ky Dam No. 5, Va Olathe, Mo Bertrand, Mo Camp Alleghany, Va. . Mumfordsville, Ky. . . Osceola, Mo Millford, Mo Ky. Danesville, Va. Hudson, Mo . . . Commanders. Union. Lieut. Grayson Maj. Zagonvi. . Geii. B. F. Kelley Maj. Josephs. Gens. Grant & McClernand Com. Dupont & General W. T. Sherman .... Gen. Grant. . . . Col. Grensle. . . . Nelson's Brigade Col.K.V.Whaley Col. Anthony. Gen. Benham. Col. Moore. . . Col. Bayard . . Maj. Hough. . Gen. Blenker. Maj. Bowen . . , Home Guards, Lt. Col. Rhodes. Brig. Gn. Milroy. Gen. Pope Col. J. C. Davis & Gen. Steele. . . Gen. E. 0. C. Ord Maj. McKee Confed. Col.A.McDonald Silas Gordon, Gen. Drayton. Gen. Polk.... Gn. Floyd's array Lt. Col. Blanton , Capts. Young & Wheatley Cols. Freeman & Turner GnT.C.Hindman Col. E. Johnson. Gen. Bragg Gen. Stuart. . , . CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 399 Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. Union. Confed. 10 k. 5 w. 6 p 3 k. 5 w 3 w Lieut.Grayson severely wounded. Confederates routed. Col. Angus McDonald captured. 48 k. 27 w. 2 k. 14 \v 10 m. 106 k. 27 p 10 k. 15 w S k. 12 p 13 k. and w., 30 p. 155 n 89 k. 150 w. 150 m 500 p. 185 m. 8 k. 23 w. 2 84k.288vv. ' k.& w. not reported. 261k.427 vv.278m. On 2,600 Confed. prisoners & 42 guns. 600 head of cattle 40 horses and 6 k. 24 w 400k.&w.2000p. mules captured. 8 k. 1 w ... 8 k. 12 w. 45 r> Col. Whaley captured. Union troops withdrawn. 8 k. 8 w. . . 2 k 12p 15k Col. Crogham killed. 150p 2 k. 13 w 1 k. 2 w 13k Many wounded and prisoners. 2 w 2 k. 4 p 6w 17 k. 5 p 4 k. and w. 2 p . . . 7k.lO w Maj. Hough wounded. Confederates defeated. Ik 15 k. and w Confeds. defeated; loss unknown. 4 w 6 k. and w. 11 p.. 3 k. 5 w 12k Confederates defeated. 2 k 3 k. 5 w 1 k 16p 20 k. 1 07 w 10 m. Confeds. report about same loss. Confederates defeated. 10 k. 17 w. . 33 k. 60 w 300p 2 k. 17 w 1300 p 75 k. 150 w. 30 p. 10 k. 17 p 70 wagons with stores & equipage^ Confederates defeated. 7 k. 61 w Confederates defeated. 1 400 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Date. Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. Commanders. Union. Confed. 1861. Dec. 22 " 28 1862. Jan. 1 " 4 " 7 j Newport News, Ya. ) I New Market Bridge J Mount Zion, Mo Maj. Schoepf. . . Col. Jno. Glover Port Royal Ferry, S. C. Bath, Va Huntersville, W. Ya. . . Gen. Stevens. Gen. Jackson. Blue's Gap, W. Ya 30 miles east Sutton, W. Ya. Paintsville, Ky. . Silver Creek, Mo. Prestonburg, Ky. Mill Spring, Ky. . Maj. "Webster. .. Col. Dunning. . . Col.H. Anisansel Col. Garfield... Maj. Torrence. . Gen. Garfield.. . Gen. Thomas. . . Hum'y Marshall Col. Poindexter. Hum'y Marshal] Gen. Zollicoflfer. Feb. " 14 u 14 " 14 " 16 ♦' 18 " 21 March 7 Fairfax Court House, Ya . . . Capture of forts on Roanoke Island, N. C Linn Creek, Ya Near Fort Henry, Tenn Blooming Gap, Ya Flat Lick Ford, Ky Fort Donelson Capture of Fort Donelson. Col. Friedman . . Com. Goldsbo- rough & Gen. Burnside Capt. Smith Com. Foote and Gen. Grant. . . Gen. Lander. . . . Col. Munday. . . Com. Foote Gen. Grant Gen. Wise. Gen. Tilghman. Gen. Buckner. . Sugar Creek, Ark. Independence, Mo. Yalverde, N. M . Winchester, Ya. Pea Ridge, Ark. 14 Hampton Roads, Ya. New Madrid Col. Cranby Capt. Cole Gens. Curtiss, Si- gel, Asboth, & Davis U. S. war ship Cumberland.. Gen. Pope Quantrell Parker. . Col. Steele. and Gens. Yan Dorn, Price, McCul- loch, and Pike Merriraac. ..... Gens. McCrogan, Stuart, Gauth, CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAK. 401 Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. Eemarks. Union. Confed. 6 w 10k 3 k. 46 w 3 k. 11 w 3 k. ;so p 25 k. 150 w. 40 p. 6 k. 12 w 7k 2 k. 7 w 15 k. 20 p 22 k. and w 15p 90 horses and 106 stand of arms were captured. Confederates retreated. Unions retreated. $50,000 worth of army stores were captured. 3 cannon and their wagons were captured. 56 head of cattle and 15 horses were captured. Confederates dispersed. Confederates retreated. Confederates retreated. C en. Zollicoffer killed, 1200 horses <& mules, 100 large wagons, and 2,000 muskets were captured. 12 horses captured. 6 forts, 40 guns, and 3,000 small arms were captured. 32 horses captured. including 17 officers. None 2 k. 1 w 3 k. 10 w 2 k. 25 w 39 k. 207 w 2 w 12 k. 22 w. 15 p.. 50 k. 25 p 192 k. 140 p 1 k. 12 p 30 k. 50 w. 2500 p.. 8 k. 7 w. 17 p 5 k. 30 p 13 k, 20 w., 65 p., 4 k. 4 w. 3 p 60 k. 150 w 1 k. 1 w 39 k. 23 w 7k None 60 k. and w Com. Foote severely wounded. Brig, Gen. Buckner captured. Gens. Floyd & Pillow escaped. 446 k. 1735 w. and 150p 281k. 1007 w.and 15,000 p 13 k. and w 1 k. 3 w 3 k 55 k. 140 w... . . . Confederate loss about the same. 3 w 6 k. 5 w Capt. Cole wounded. 1351 k. w. anJ m. 340 k. & drowned 1100 k. 2500 w. & 1600 p. Gens. McCulloch, Mcintosh, and Slack were killed. U. S. sloop-of-war Cumberland destroyed. il k 100 k . . . $100,000 worth of military stores captured from the Confeds. 26 402 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Date. Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. 1862. Mar. 14 " 14 •45-18 " 22 " 23 » 26 " 28 " 29 April 5 6-7 1-7 U 11 16 20 26 Newbern, N. Cumberland Mts., Ky. Siege of Island No. 10. Independence, Mo. . . . Winchester, Va Humansville, Mo. . . . Vallis Ranch, N. M... May 13 Warrensburg, Mo. Siege of Yorktown, Ya. . Pittsburg Lauding, Tenn . Corinth, Miss Bombardment and capture Island No. 10 Capture of Fort Pulaski, Ga Yorktown, Va . . . Lee's Mills, Ya.. South Mills, N. C. Fort Macon, N. C. Farmington, Miss. Williamsburg, Ya. Commanders. Union. Gen. Burnside. . Col. Carter and Lt.Cl.Keigwin Com. Foote, . . . Gen. Shields. . . Col. Slough .'.*.. Capt. Thompson Gen. McClellan . Gens. Grant and Buell Gen. Sherman. . ofiCom Foote and Gen. Pope. . . Gen. Hunter Somerville Heights, Ya. Corinth, Miss McDowell, W. Ya 12 m. from Athens, Ala. Farmington, Miss McDowell, Ya. 13 14 16 16 lelNear Trenton, N. C, Monterey, Tenn Trenton Bridge, N. C. On James River Gen. McClellan. Gen. Reno Gens. Burnside and Parker... Gen. Paine Gen. Stoneman. Gens Kearney and Hooker. . Col. Foster Maj. Arlington.. Gens. Schenck & Milroy Capt. Connet. . . Gen. Pope Gens. Milroy Schenck, . . Gen. Smith. . . Col. Amory. . Gen. Geary. . . , Maj. Fitzsimons, Gen. Branch, Quantrell Gn. T. J. Jackson Col. Scurry and Maj. Pyron. . . Col. Parker GeriS. Johnson Beauregard . Gen. Makad.. Col. Olmstead, Gen. Lee. . Col. White. Gen. Longstreet. Col. Woodward. Gens. Ruggles, Price, Y an Dora. Gen. Jackson . . CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAK. 403 Killed, "Wounded, and Prisoners. Union. 91 k. 466 w. Ik , 100 k. 400 w. 38 k. 54 w. 17 p.. 2 k 1614 k. 7721 w. 3963 m 15 k 25 w 1 k. 1 w. . 20 k. and w S2 k. 100 w. 90 k Confed. 60 k. 200 w. 200 p 3 k. 6 w. 18p.... 7 k. 11 p . . . 600 k. 300 p. 15 k 80 k. 100 w. 93 p, 15 k. 25 p 3 k. 22 w 1728 k. 8012 w, 959m 17 k. 6300 p. 3 w. 36U p.. . Eemarks. 1 k. 3 w.. 2 k. 20 w. 20 k. 177 w. 2 k 25 k. 75 w. 7 k. 18 w. 8 k 7 k. 25 p. 2073 29 k k & w. 623 p. 700k.l000w 300p. 4w 30 k 30 k. 200 w ft k. 13 k. . . . 40 k. 120 w 40 k. 200 w. 10 k 10 k 17 k 20 w 17 k...,. B p 6 k. many w forts captured. 59 horses, 100 guns, and 100 sa- bres were captured. Confederates defeated. Confeds. retreated in disorder. Many wounded. Confederates retreated. Col. Parker and Capt. Walton taken prisoners. Beauregard's report. 47 guns and 40,000 pounds of powder captured. Confederates routed. Fort captured. Confederate loss heavier. Unions '•etreated. Maj. Arlington killed. Confederate loss computed to be much greater. Capt. Connet captured. Confed. loss much greater Unions lost their camp, baggage, and stores. Confederates defeated. A aval engagement. Maj. Fitzsimons wounded. 404 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Date. 1862. May 17 " 18 " 18 " 19 " idO " 21 " 2a " 28 " 24 " 25 " 26 " 27 " 28 *^ 29 » 29 Names and Places of Battles, En gagements, and Skirmishes. Corinth Near Searey, Ark, Princeton, Va . . , Newbern, N. C. . . . Moorfield, Va Near Corinth, Miss. Lewisburg. Va, . . . . On the Chickahominy New Bridge, on the Chicka. hominy . , Winchester, Va. Near Winchester, Va, . . , Near Hanover C. H., Va. Corinth, Miss Hanover Court House Pocotaligo, S. C. Commanders. Union. Gen. Osterhaus. Gen. Cox Lt. Col. Downey Col. Sedgwick. . . Col. Cook Confed. Humphrey Mar- shall Gen. Heath . . , 4th Mich Gen. N.P.Banks Col. Cluseret. Col. Purcell . . . Gen. Morell. . . 30 Corinth, Miss iGen. Halleck . I 30 Front Royal, Va " 31 'Near Washington, N. C " 3VFair Oaks, Va I June 1 1 Between Strasburg and Staun- I ton, Va 1 Fair Oaks, Va., continued. . . , Gen. McClella Gen. Fremont. . 10 Near Jasper, Tenn jGen. Negley . . Cross Keys, Va Gen. Fremont. Port Republic, Va. James Island I2iNear Village Creek, Ark 14 On James Island, S. C 16|0u James Island, Secession- ville, S. C Gen. Shields. . . Col. Brackett. 5th La Gens. Ewell and Johnson Gen. Jackson. . . Gen. Branch.. . . Gen. Beauregard Gn. J.E. Johnson Gen. Jackson . . . Gen. Adams . . . Gen. Stonewall Jackson Gen. Jackson. . Gen. Benhara Capt. Hooker., Col. Lamar, . . . CHKONOLOGICAL TaBLE OF THE WAR. 405 Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. Union. Confed. 10 k. 31 w 1 2 k. many w . . . . Confederate loss about 100. 80 k. 70 w... .... Cox defeated. 6 k 11 k 4 k. 12 p 25 k 10k.40w. 8miss'g. Ik. 6 w 100 p 4 cannons and 200 stand of arms 15 w. 31p 50 k. and w., 37 p. captured from the Confeds. Many Confederates killed. 10 k Banks retreated. 1w 25 p Confed. killed and wounded un- 54 k. 194 w. & m. known. Confed. loss between 200 and 300 25 k. and w 30 k k. and w.. and 500 pris. Confed. killed left on the field. 53 k. 326 m 11 k 400 k. &w., 600 p. 20 k. and w 2000 prisoners and large supplies taken. 6 officers were captured, 2 en- 8 k. 5 w 20 k. & w., 156 p.. 11 k 2w gines, and 11 cars. Confederates defeated. 890 k. 3627 w. and 1222 p 1 2 k. and w 2800 k. 3897 w... 5739 loss 8000 k. and w 12 k. & w., 25 p.. 6ook.&w : Confederates defeated. 125 k. 500 w 67 k. 361 w. and 574 m Confederate loss considerable. Union troops retreated. Con- federate loss about 1000. 4:k. 13 w 13 w 15 k. 2 w 28 k., w., and p. . . 17 k. 8 w 40 k. 100 w Confederate killed and wounded left on the field. 3 k. 19 w 685 k., w., andp.. Unions defeated. 406 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Date. Names and Places of Battles, En gageuients, and Skiruiishes. Commanders. Union. Confed. 1862. June 18 a 25 « 26 " 27 '« 27 (( 27 July 1 23 (( 24 (( 25 (( 28 <( 29 Aug 2 5 u 5 it 6 i( 7 (t 7 (( 7 t( 9 a 11 (( 11 <( 11 (( 11 i( 12 a 15 it 16 u 19 u 20 u 20 tl 21 it 22 u 25 u 27 u 28 Near Smithville, Ark Oak Grove, Va Chickahoruiny , Near Richmond Gaines' Mills, Va Village Creek, Ark Malvern Hill, Va. (7 days.). . Florida, Mo Vlaj. Zeley. . . . , Gen. Hooker. . , McClellan Gen. McClellan. Gen. Porter. . . , Col. Brackett. . . Gen. McClellan. Maj. Caldwell . . Capt. Jones. Gen. Lee . . . Gen. Lee . . . Gen. Lee . . . Gen. Lee. . . Gen. Lee . . Col. Porter Near Decatur, Ala Near Orange C. H., Va, Moore's Mills. Mo Capt. Harman. Gen. Gibson. . . Cols. Porter and Cobb Brownsville, Tenn. Orange C. H., Va Baton Rouge, La.. Capt. Dollin Gen. Crawford.. Gen. Williams . . Malvern Hill, Va Near Mattapony River, Va. . . Fort Filmore, K M , Near Trenton, Tenn Kirkville, Mo Cedar Mountain, Va , 11 miles east of Helena, Ark, Compton's Ferry, Mo Kinderhook, Tenn Clarendon, Ark Gallatin, Tenn , Gen. Hooker. . . Generals Gibbon and Cutter. . . Col. Canby Gen. J. C. Breck- inridge Col. McNeiU . Gen. Banks. . Merriwether's Landing, Tenn . Low Jack, Mo , Near Hickman, Mo Edgefield Junction, Tenn . . . , Col. Guitars. . . . Col. McGowan.. Gen. Hovey. . . . Col. MUler. . . Col. T. W. Harris Maj. Foster. . . . Capt Moore. . . . Gen. Stuart . . . . Col. Sibley Capt. Faulkner. Col. Porter Gen. Jackson. . . Jeff. Thompson. Col. Poindexter. Anderson Col. J. H. Mor- gan , Capt. Barlield. Col. Coffee . . . , Near Union Mills, Mo. Pincknoy's Island, S. 0. Near Gallatiu, Tenn. . . Maj. Price, CoL J. H. Mor- gan Gen. Johnson, Morgan. Attack on Fort Donelson Kettle Run, Va Ready ville, Tenn Gjn. Hooker. . . Col. Murphy . . . Col. Woodward. Gen. Ewell Gen. Forrest . . . CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAft. 407 Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. Union. Confed. 8 k. 4 w 4 w. 15 p Capt. Jones captured. Confed. loss much the heaviest. Confederates retreated. 200 loss 80 k. 150 w Over 1000 7500 k., w. & m.. . 2 k. 31 w About the same.. . About 1000 About 3000 Ppf^ Praia fJpfpaf.pfl ■wif.li a. Innci Ckf 10 k. 30 w 26 men. 5 k. 12 w. & p . . 10 k. 30 w 4 k. 6 w 52 k. 100 w lu k. & w., 11 p.. . Confed. w. left on the field. 4k 12 w . 250 k., w., and m. 600 k., w., and m . Gen. Williams killed. Tht. Con- federates were defeated. •721, Confederate troops defeated. 2(» k. 3() w Confederate troops defeated. Confederates repulsed. 1500 k., w., and p 1000 k. 1500 w... 100 k. &w., 200 p. 7 k. 27 p 600 p Confederates defeated. 6 k. and many w. . 20 k. 9p 110 k, andw 4 k. 19p 7 k. 20 w 1 k 4 p 60 k. 100 w 2 w 4 k 3 w 16 horses captured. 3 k., 3 W., 32 p. . . 64 k. 100 w. 200 p Gen. Johnson and his staff cap- tured. Confed. repulsed with heavy loss. A.bout 800 k. & w. 800k.&w., lOOup. Confeds. driven from the field. Confederates defeated. 408 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Date. Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. Commanders. Union. Confed. 1862. 29 " 30 29-30 " 80 Sept. 1 " 1 " 2 " 2 " 4 " 4 " 6 ' 6 " 6 " 7 " 8 " 9 6 miles west of Centre ville,Va. Groveton, Va 2d Bull Run., Gens. McDowell and Sigel. . . . Gens. Hooker, Sigel, Kear- ney, Reno, and King Gen. Pope. . . Richmond, Ky Bolivar. Tenn Britton's Lane, Tenn. Chantilly, Va Gens. Mason and Craft Col Leggett. . . Col. Dennis. . . . Gen. Pope. . . . Near Plymouth, N. C. . . Near Slaughterville, Ky. Fort Ridgely, Minn Cumberland Gap, Tenn. Washington, N. C Near Martinsburg, Va . . Washington, N. C Sergt. Green . . Lt.-Col. Foster. Gen. Jackson. . . Gens. Jackson and Longstreet Gen. Lee Gen. E. Kirby Smith Gen. Armstrong Gen. Armstrong Gens. Jackson, Ewell, and Hill Col. Garret Indians Gen. Jul. White Capture of Shepherds ville, Ky. Near Poolesville, Md Williamsburg, Va Edwards' Ferry, on the Poto- mac Fayette, Va Near Coldwater, Miss Middletown, Md .... ciouth Mountain, Md Maj. Chapman. CoL Campbell. . Gen. Keves. . CoLSiber Col. Grierson . CoL Shingle. Gen. Stuart. Gen. Lormg. Mumfordsville, Ky , Greene River, Ky , Harper's Ferry (3 days siege). Gens. Hooker & Reno Col. Wilder... Gen. Lee , Gen. Duncan . . , Col. MUes. Near Durhamville, Tenn Falmoutli, on Ky. Cen. R.R. Near Florence, Ky. Lieut. R. Griffin. Col. Berry Maj. Foley. . . . Gen. A. P. HiU. Lt. CoL Faulkner CHKONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 409 Killed, Wounded, aud Prisoners. Union. Confed. Confeds. driven back with loss and many prisoners. Confederates defeated. Confederates routed. Confederates defeated, Heavy loss on both sides. Death of Gens. Kearney and Stearns. 6000 k. and w 800 k., 4000 w., & 3000 p. 200 k., 700 w., 2000 p 5 k., 18 w., 64 m 12,000 k., w.,&m. 700 k. 3000 w. . . . 250 k. 500 w 200 k. and w 1300 k. &w. 180 k. 220 w 800k.&w 30k.40 p 3 k., 2 w., 25p... 13 k. 47 w 8 k. 36 w 33 k. 100 w 50 p. besides k.&w 30 k. 36 p 2 k. lOw Federal gunboat exploded her magazine during the engage- ment. 18 killed ntV>t»fif>lH Confederates defeated. 1 w 4 k. several w 4 k 30 horses captured. Confederates defeated. 100 p Several k lOw Confederates defeated. 45 k. 40 p 5 k. 18 w Confederates defeated. 414 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Date. 1862. Dec. " 12 " 12 *' 1-2 " 13 " 13 •• 14 «* 17 « 18 " 21 " 24 " 25 " 27 " 28 27-29 " 30 1863. Jan'y 2 " 9 " 10 Names and Places of Battles, En gagements, and Skirmishes. Franklio, Va Near Cliarlestown, Va. . . . Oxford, Miss Helena, Ark Prairie Grove, N. W. Ark. Hartsville, Teun Near Corinth, Miss. . . Nf-ar Kingston, N. C. Franklin, Tenii Fredericksburg, Va... Tuscumbia, Ala Kingston, N. C Goldsboro, N. C Lexington, Ky Davis Mills, Wolf River, Miss. Near Munfordsville, Ky Near Munfordsville, Ky Dumfries, Va Elkford, Ky Vicksburg, Miss Parker's Cross Roads, Tenn. . . Stone River, or Murfreesboro, Tenn Near La Grange, Ark. Springfield, Mo Ripley, Tenn . . SuQblk, Va. . . . Hartsville, Mo. Commanders. Union. Col. Spear . , Gen. Geary Col. Hatch . Gens. Blunt and Herrou Col. A. B. Moore Col. Sweeney. . . Gen. Foster . . . Gen. A.S.Stanley Gen. Burnside. . Gen. Foster. . . . Gen. Foster. . . . Col. B. G. Inger- soll Col. K. H.Morgan Capt. Dickeys,. . Col. Gray Col. C. Candy.. Maj. Foley. . . . Gen. Sherman. Gen. Sullivan., Gen. Rosecrans. Gen.Washburne Gen. Brown and Col. Crabb . . . Capt. Moore. . . . Gen. Corcoran . Col. Merritt Confed. Gens. Hindman, Marmaduke, Parsons, and Frost Gen. J. H.Mor. gan Col. Roddy Gen. Lee. Gen. Evans. . Gen. Evans. . Gen. Forrest. Gen. Van. . . . Gen. Morgan. . . Gen. Morgan. . . Gens. Stuart & FitzHugh Lee. Gen. Johnston.. Gen. Forrest .... Gen. Bragg. Gens. Marma* duke and Bur- bridge Lt.-Col. Dawson. Gen. Pryor Gen. Marmaduke CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 415 Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. Union. 20 k. and w 495 k. 600 w. 55 k. lOa w., Ik. 2 p 1 k 1512 k., 6000 w., & 2078 p 4 k. 14 w 90 k. 478 w 40 k. 23 p 10 k. and w. 191 k.982 w.756m 200 k. and w 1533 k., 6000 w. 17 k. 50 w... 3w Fed. loss 104. 35 k andw. . Confed. 70 k. & w., 145 p. 92 p 8 k. 30 p 1500 k. and w Loss about the same 11 k. 30w 400 p 5 k. 10 w Loss 1800 70 p 71k. 268 w., 400 p. 2 k., 30 w., 20 p. k. 22 w 30 or 40 k. andw. 80 k., 176 w., 51 p. 600 w. 10 k. and w., 10 p. Eemarks. 8 k., 20 w., 46 p.. Confed. defeated with severe loss. Confederates defeated. Confederates repulsed. Confederates defeated. Federals surrendered. 13 pieces artillery, etc., captured. Confederates defeated. Federals repulsed. Confederates routed. 13 pieces of artillery captured. Confederates defeated. Federals defeated. 100 stand of Confederate arms left on the field. Federals defeated. Confederates defeated. Confederates routed. 80 Confederate horses captured. Confederate loss not reported. Confederates defeated. Confeds. defeated. Their I033 over 10,000, of which 9,000 were killed and wounded. Confederate loss 200. Confederates defeated. 150 k. andw. 150 p 41G THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Date. 1863. Jan'y 1 1 « 26 (( 30 K SO « 31 Peb'y 3| " 3 (( 4 « 10 <( 12 (( 15 ({ 15 ii 15 a 19 (i 20 (( 26 (( 27 March l| u 2 (1 2 t. 4 " 6 Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. Capture of Fort Hiudman, on the Arkansas Eiver Near Woodbury, Tenn Trenton, Tenn Deserted House, 9 miles from Suffolk, Va Near Nashville, Tenn Mingo Swamp, Mo Fort Donelson, Tenu Near Lake Providence, La. . Old River, La Near Bolivar, Tenn Canesviile, Tenu , Nolensville, Tenn Arkadelphia, Ark Coldwater, Miss Yazoo Pass Woodstock, Va 15 miles from Newbern, N. Bradyville, Tenn Near Petersburg, Tenn. . . . Aldie, Va . . . Chapel Hill, Tenn Near Franklin, Tenn I( 1 i( 10 u 17 (( n « 18 t( 20 l( 22 " 29 (( 3<» u •M) 4prU 1 " 2 (( 2 Unionville, Tenn Near Coviugton, Tenn. Kelly's Ford, Va Near Franklin, Va . . . . Berwick Bay, La Near Milton, Tenn. . . . Commanders. Union. Adm. Porter and Gen. McCler- nand Gen. Palmer. . Col. Wood... Gen. Corcoran . Maj. Reeder . . . Col. Harding. . . Capt. Tucker. Col. Monroe. . . Sergt. Holmes. Capt. Brown. . Lt.-Col. Wood. 5th lUinois . . . Capt. Jacobs . . . Gen. Rosecrans, Near Blue Spring, Mo. Near Somerville, Tenn . Near Somerset, Ky. . . . Point Pleasant, W. Va. Doanesville, Va Woodbury, Tenn Capt. Schultze . Col. Johnson. . CoL Colburn. . . Gen. Manly . . CoL Grierson. . Gen. AverilL. . Col. Spear Capt. Perkins. Col. Hall Gen. Gillmore, 1st Vermont. Gen. Hazen. . In Jackson Co., Mo Maj. Ransom. Confed. Gen. Churchill. . Capt. Dawson. . Gen. Pry or. . . . . D. McGee. Wheeler Forrest . "3d La.". and Morgan's Cav.. . Morgan. Mosby Col. Roger. Van Dorn. . Gen. Russell. . . Col. Richardson. Morgan and Breckinridge . Quantrell Pegram Gen. Jenkins.. Capt. Mosby Hicks CHEONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAE. 417 Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. Ppmn.rkQ Union. Confed. Nearly 1000 k., w. and missing 2 k. 9 w 550k.&w. 5000p. 35 k. 100 p 34 p. or killed Confederates defeated. Loss in killed and wounded on each side about 60. 5w.. 12 k., 12 w., 300 p 9 k. 20 w 100 k. 400 w. 300 p 30 k. and w 11 k. and w., 25 p. 4 k. 5 w D. McGee killed. 12 k. 30 w Confederates repulsed. 90 horses taken. 8k.and w Confederates defeated. Federals defeated. 20 k., many w., 6 p. 8k., 20 w., 4p... 14 k. 12 w 50 horses, 300 stand of arms cap- tured. Confederates defeated. 2 k. 12 w 6 k , 3 w., 15 p. . . Confederates defeated. Federals routed. 5 w 6 k. 26p Confederates dispersed. 200 k and p Confederates defeated. 1 w 3 k. 48p Confederates defeated. 15 k. and w 8 k., 30 w., 89 p.. 12 k. 20 w 3(1 p Confederates retreated. Confederates defeated. Confederates defeated. 12 k. 72p 120 k. 300 w 50 k. 180 w 25 k. many p.. . . . 86 p 100 k., 300 w. and 1200 p Federals defeated. Federals defeated. Ik. 16 w Federals retreated. 1 k. 20 w 40 k. 140 w. 12m.. Confederates defeated. •7 k. 3 w 9 k 5 m several w Confederates defeated. Federals defeated. 40 k. and w Confederates defeated. Conf. loss 350. 450 cattle capt'rd. 1 k. 1 w 12 k. 14 p 60 k., w., and p. . . Federals defeated, 12 k. 30 w. andp. ilk Confederates defeated. 'Zl 418 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Date. 1863. Ipril 2 " 10 " 14 " 19 " 20 " 22 " 26 May 1 " 1 " 1 " 1 Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. Commanders. Union. Snow HUl, Tenn Franklin, Tenn . . . Bayou Teche, La . . Cold water, Tenn . . . Patterson, Mo Near Strasburg, Va. G-en. Stanley. . Gen. Granger. Cape Girardeau, Mo. Near Franklin, Tenn, Col. Bryant Col. Smart Majors McG-ee and White . . . GTen. McNeil Col. Campbell. . . Near Suffolk, Va., on the Nan- semond River Port Gibson, Miss Monticello, Ky 2 Before Fredericksburg, Va. 2-3 Cnancellorsville, Va 18- June Warrenton Junction Haiu's Bluff *on the Miss, Tupelo, Miss Raymond, Miss Near Jackson, Miss Champion Hill, Miss Big Black River, Miss. . . Vicksburg, MLss Near "Winchester, Va Middletown, Tenn ... Port Hudson, La. . . . Col. Nixon Gen. Grant Gen. Carter . . . Capt. De Huff. . Gen. Sedgwick. Gen. Hooker. . . CoL De Forrest. Near Doniphan, Milliken's Beud, Miss Col. Corwyn Gen. McPlierson Gen. Grant Gen. Grant Gen. Grant Gen, Grant and Adm. Porter. Gen. Milroy Gen. Stanley. . . Gen. Banks and Ad. Farragut. Mo Major Lippert. . 9 1 Beverly Ford, Va. 141 Winchester, Va 2l|Near Middleburg, Vf 21 Hoover's Gap, Tenn 24 Liberty Gap, Tenn. . 2(3 South Anna, Va Gen. Thomas. Gens. Buford & Gregg Gen. Milroy. . . . G-eu Pleasanton Col. Hoover Gen. Willich... Col Spear Confed. Morton an(? Wharton Van Dorn Marmaduke Van Dorn's Pickets. . Gen. J.S.Bowen Col. Morrison.. . Gen. Lee. Gen. Mosby. Gen. Ruggles. . . Gen. Gregg . . . Gen. Johnston.. Gen. Pemberton Gen. Pemberton Gen. Pemberton Gen. Gardner. Gn. McCullough Gn.J.E.B.Stuart &F. Hugh Lee Gen. Ewell Gen. W. F. Leo. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 419 Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. Union. Confed. 15 or 20k. 50 p.. 300 k. and w Confederates defeated. 100 Confederates repulsed. Confederate loss much greater. 350 10 k. 20w 20 k. 40 50 k and w Federals defeated 2 5 k., 9 w., 25 p. . . 6 k. 6 w 40 k. 200 W flonffiflfiratfis dpfcatPfl. 30 k. and w., 11 p. 41 k. and w Confeds. defeated with severe loss 130 k. 118 w. 5 m. 1500 k.,w., and p. Confederates defeated. Confederates defeated. 41 k., w., and m . . Federals defeated. 2000 k. and w 15,000 k, and w., 11,000 p 18,000 k. and w., 5000 p Confed. defeated with heavy loss. 80 k. and w Naval engagement. 90 p Confederates defeated. 51 k. 181 w 40 k. 240 w. 6 m.. 426 k. 1842 w.... 29 k. 242 w 75k. 250 w. 186 p.. 40() k. andw 4000 k., w., and m 2600 Confederates defeated. 29 cannon captured. 17 cannon captured. Loss about 2500.. Loss not reported. 6 k. 7 p 8 k. 90 p 200 horses captured. Federals defeated. 900 k., w., and m 80 k., w., and m. . 600 k., w., audm. 1 27 k. 287 w. 151m 380 k., w., and m . 2000 200 k. 500 w. & m 750 k., w., andm. 850 k., w., and m. 150 k. andw., 80 p. Confederates defeated. Federals defeated. Confederates defeated. 45 k. and w Confeds.defeated with heavy loss. 90 k 100 w Confeds. defeated with heavy loss. 110 p 300 horses, 35 wagons, and their commander captured. '420 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Date. Names and Places of Battles, En gagements, aud Skirmishes. Commanders. Union. Confed. 1863. June 26 July 1 " 2-3 4 Shelbjville, Tenn G-ettysburg Gettysburg Surrender of Vicksburg, Miss. Helena, Ark Gen. Eosecrans. Gen. Meade Gen. Mead Gen. Grant . . . . Gen. Prentiss . . Bolton, Miss. Gen. Grant. " 12 u 12 " U " 17 " 18 "18-19 " 19 " 28 " 26 Aug. 20 " 22 " 28 Sept. 7 9 9 "19-20 Oct. 8 27-28 Nov. 3 » 16 Nov. 17 to Dec 4 Nov. 24 Surrender of Port Hudson, Miss Near Jackson, Miss Jackson, Miss Falling Waters, Va Elk Creek, Ark Honey Springs. Ind. Territory. Fort Wagner, S. C Wytheville, W. Va Gen. Banks Col. Hatch Gen. Lanmann. . Gen. Kilpatrick . Gen. Blunt Gen. Blunt. . . . Gen. Gilmore... Cols. Tolland & Powell Gen. Bragg. . .. Gen. Lee Gen., Lee Gen. Pemberton Generals Price, Holmes, and Marraaduke . . Gen. Johnson . . Gen. Gardner. . Gen. Cooper Gen. Cooper. . . . Gn. Beauregard. Manassas Gap, Va. New Lisbon, Ohio. Col. Shackleford. Chickamauga . . . Pocahontas, Ark. Warm Spring, Va Fort Sumter Gen. Morgan . . Gen. Bragg. . . . Gen. Jeff. C. Thompson . . . T. H. Stevens. Tilford, Tenn Cumberland Gap, Tenn. Chickamauga Farmiuo:ton, Tenn. . . Bristow Station, Va.. Brown's Ferry, Tenn . Bayou Cokay, La Campbell Station, Tenn , Kuoxvillo, Tenn . . , Lookout Mountain. Gen. Burnside.. . Gen. Rosecrans. Gen. Cook Gen. Warren . . . Gens, i^mith & Hooker. ..... Gen. Burbridge. Gen. Burnside.. Gen. Burnside.. Hooker Gen. Frazier. . . Gen. Bragg. . .. Gen. Wheeler. . Gen. A. P. HiU Gen. Longstree Gen. Longstreet Gen. Longstreet Bragg CSEONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 421 Killed, "Wounded, and Prisoners. Union. Confed. 85 k. 463 w. 13m. Total loss '^8, 1 9s. . Total loss 37,(i00. . 245 k. 3688 w. & 9000 k. & w. and 303 p. 250 k., w., and m. ] 3 k. and w 300 k. and w 29 k. 30 w 10 k. 25 w 9 k. 50 w VOO k., w. and m. 65 k. and w. . . . 30 k. 80 w 114. 300 p. 1644 k. 9262 w 41)45 ra 29 k. 150 w 51 k. 329 w 7(1 k. 339 w. 22 ra. 18 k. luu w. 559 m 4Ut) 600. 30,000 p. 50nk. orw.,1000p. 4(i00 p 5500 p 3 k. and w. 3()0 p. 130 k. &w. 4o0 k. or w. 60 p. 50 k. ^75 w. 65 p. . 500 k. 331 w 75 k. 150 p 3()0 k. or w., 60 p. 100 p. 2i 0.. !OUOp. 17,000 k., T^., &ra. 125 k. & w., 300 p 1200 k. &W.8U0 p Loss over 1000. . . loo k. 200 p 1000 1600. Remarks. Confed. k.dkw. not rep'td ; 1634p.; Gen. Reynolds killed. Confederates paroled. Confederates defeated. Rear-guard of Johnson's army captured. 400 conscripts released. Confederates defeated. Confederates defeated. Federals repulsed. Virginia and Tennessee Railroad destroyed. Confederates defeated. Gen. Morgan and all his cavalry, 400 men, captured. Federals defeated. Gen. Jeff. C. Thompson and Staff captured. Naval engagement. Federals de- feated. Federals defeated. A larj^e su[)ply of army stores captured. Federals defeated. Confederates defeated. Confederates withdrew. r-'io-ht above clouds. Bracff deft'd 42^2 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Date. Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. 1863. ISr.2::!-25 " 25 " 27 27-3 ' Dec. 14 " 25 " 2G 1864. Jan. 'J. 3 " 12 " 17 " 2S " 2 " 30 Feb 3 « 4 14 ' 20 22-25 " 22 March 5 " 9-10 " 16 '» 21 " 21 25 Ap'18-9 " 12 Chattanooga, Teau Capture of Missionary Ridge, Va Locust Grove, Va. Bean Station Pulaski, Tenn Charleston, Tenn.. Near Moorfield, Va. Jonesville, Va Mossy Creek, Tenn. Tuunel Hill, Ga Scottville, Ky Federal supply train captured near Petersburg, W. Va. . Bolton, Miss Newbern, N. C. Clinton, Miss.. . Gainesville, Fla. Ulustee, Fia, . . . Tunnel Hill, Ga Near Drainsville, Va. Yazoo City Suffolk, Va Near Fort Pillow Henderson's Hill Near Alexandria At Fed. Fork, Paducah, Ky. Mansfield, La. Fort Pillow . 17-20 Plymouth, N. C " 24 Cane River, La 25 Supply train captured near Pine Bluff, Ark Commanders. Union. Gen. Grant. Gen. Hooker. Gen. Hooker. Gen. .\ieade . . Shack leford. . Gen. Dodge. , Col. Luberk . , Gen. McCook. Maj. Johnson. Col. Snyder Sherman's ad- vance Gen. Foster Capt. Roberts . Gen. Seymour . Gen. Palmer . . Gen. Mower. Banks Coh Hicks . . Gen. Banks. . Majs. Booth Bradford . . Gen. Wessels Gen. A. T. Smith Col. Drake. Confed. Gen. Bragg. . Bragg Gen. Hardee. Gen. Lee. . . , Longstreet. . . Gen, Wheeler. Gen. Pickett. Gen. Gardner. . . Gen. Wheeler . . Mosby Gen, Forrest , . . Kirby Smith... Gen. Forrest. . Gen. Hoke — Gen. Dick Taylor CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAE. 423 Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. Union. Confed. Ecmarks. 4000. ,800.. 1000, 200., 60 k. or w., 300 p, 150 k, and w 80 k. and w., 12 k. 35 w. 212 k., w., and m 15 k. 80 w 1500. "75 k. and w. . . 8 k. 7 w. 15 m. 6 k. 20 w 210. About 16,000. 800 p 2500 800 k. and w. 50 p 121 p I'S k. 20 w. 14 k. 49 p. 32 k. and iCo. p. 40 k. 20 p 300 k., w., and m 300 p. 14 k. 46 w.. .. 600 k. &w. 1500 p. 2000 p 25 k 50 k. and w . . . •282 p 806 p 1000 k. and w.. 600 k. 100 w. 150 k. 1700 p. 80 k. andw. . 2000 p. Brao:g defeated. Confed. k. and w. not reported. Forrest's guerrillas captured. Confederates defeated. Confederates defeated. Confederates defeated. Federals defeated. C(Jiifederates defeated. Confederates defeated. Confed s. defeated. Loss much greater. Confed. Battery defeated. Confederates routed. Federals defeated. Confederate loss about the same. Killed and wounded not reported. Federals defeated. Confederates defeated with con- siderable loss. Suf}V)lk captured. Confederates defeated. Confederate camp captured. Town nearly destroyed by the bombardment. Confederates defeated. Loss not reported. loOO k. and w 1000 9 guns captured. 424 THE NATIONAL HANE-BOOK. Date. Names and Places of Battles, En- jrasrements, and Skirmishes. 1864. May 5-7 Wilderness, Va, 8-11 ' 10 ♦ 10 ' 12 12-15 13-15 " 15 19-20 " 24 May 25 " 28 Junel-3 June 5 " 9 » 10 " 11 15-18 Rock Face Ridge, G-a. Spottsylvania C. H. . . Near Wytheville, Va . Spottsylvania G. H. . . July Fort Darling, Va Resaca, Ga New Market, Va Bermuda Hundred, Va. Wilson's Landing, Va. . Near Dallas, Ga Dallas, Ga. Cold Harbor, Va Piedmont, Va. Mount Sterling. Gunto\V[i, Miss . . . . Near Cynthiana, Ky, Petersburg, Va. Weldon Railroad, Va. . . Near Kenesaw Mt., Ga. Monocacy, Md. . . . . , 12 Silver Springs, D. C. Gens. Grant, Meade, and Burnside . . . . Gen. Sherman. . Grant Gen. Averill. . . . Gen. Grant J'yl-'^-lS " 20 " 20 " 22 27-30 Ag. 5-20 Between Pontotoc and Tupelo, Tenn Before Winchester, Va.. . . Peach Tree Creek, Ga Before Atlanta, Ga Petersburg, Va Mobile Bay, Ala Commanders. Union. Gen. Butler Gen. Sherman . . Gen. Sigel . . . . Gen. Butler. . . . Gen, Wild Gen. Hooker. . . Gen. Sherman . . Gens. Grant and Meade Gen. Burbridge . Gen. Siurgis. . . . Gen. Burbiidge. Gens, Grant and Meade Gen. Meade .... Gen. Sherman . . Gen. Wallace., . Geu. Augur. . . . Gens. Suuth and Slocum. . . , Gen. Averill.. Gen. Sheiinan Gen. Sherman Gen. Grant, . . Adm.Farragut & Gen. Granger Confed Gen. Lee Gn. Joe Johnson Lee Gen. Jones Gen. Lee Gn. Beauregard. Gn. J'-e Johnson Breckinridge . . Gn. Benuregard. Gn. Fitz H. Lee, Gen. Hardee. . . Gen. Longstreet, Gen. Lee. E. Kirby Smith. Gen. Alorgau , . , Gen. Lee Gen. Lee Gen. Johnson. Gen. J. Early. Gen. Early. . . . Gen. Forrest. . . Gen. Early Gen. Hocjd Gen. Hood Gen. Lee Gn.Page& Adm. Buchanan... . CHRONOLOGICAL TABIE OF THE WAR. 425 Killed, Wounded . and Prisoners. Eeniarks. Union. Confed. Confd. Gen. Longstreet wounded. Gens. Wadswortli and Haj-ea killed. Loss about 28,000 on each side. 800 k., w., and m. 650 k., w., and m. 1000 p Confeds lost betw'n 3000 & 4000 5000 k., w., and m 100 k. 2800 w 97 k. 440 w. 225 m 300 Loss much greater. Loss not reported. 1000 k., w., andm. Not stated 275 k. andw., lip prisoners, including 2 general officers & 30 pieces of artillery. Federals defeated. 40 k. and w 1500 Confeds. about the same loss. 30() 2500k.&w., 300p. 8000 k., w., and m. 15u0 p Confederates retreated. 9000 k, w., and ra. 3 guns and 3000 stand of arms, stores, etc., were captured, and . a large number of Confederates killed and wounded. Confederates defeated. Federals defeated and the town burned. 700 p 98n k. & w. 1000 p 200 k. &\v. 1200 p. 10 000 Loss not reported. 3u5k. 275VV. 400p Xot reported Luss not reported . 6ii0k. (t w. 25G0 p 1500 Johnson flanked loUO Nut reported 100 k., many w. . . oQOO Federals overpowered and forced to retreat. Confederates defeated. 200 k., w., and m. 300 . ... 250 k , w.. and m. 1713 k., w., andra. 3521 300 k. & w., 200 p. 5000 k.&w. 1000 p 10,000 Early defeated. Gren. McPherson killed. 5000 k., w., and m. 120 k. 88 w 1200 k., w., and m. 1756 p K. and w. not reported. 150 guns captured. 420 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Date. Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. 1864. A.ug, 14' Strawberry Plains, Ya. 15-18 Deep Bottom, V"a. ' lOJCrooked Run, Va. 18-22 *' 19 '' 21 " "21 " 24 " 25 " 31 Sept. 3 " 16 " 19 " 21 " 26 Sept. 29 to Oct. 1 Sept. 30 Oct. 2 « 2t 0. 28-30 " 28 Nov. 5 Jonesboro, Ga. At Six Mile Station, Va. . . . On Weldon Road Summit Point, Va Dalton, Ga On the Weldon Road Before Atlanta Drakesviile & Perry ville, Va. Greenville, Teuu Sycamore Church, Ya. Bunker Hill, near "Winchester, Va Fisher's Hill, Va Ironton, Mo Richmond and Petersburg, Va. Preble's Farm Abingdon, Va Darbytown Road and New Market Heights Fisher's Hill, Va Allatoona, Ga Darbytown Road, Ya Ball's Gap, Va Cedar Creek, Ya Lexington, Mo Mins Creek, Alo Darbytown, Williamsburg Road, and Hatcher's Run, Va Decatur. ... Norristown, E. Tenn Fort Sedgwick, Ya . Commanders. Union. Gen. Grant. Gen. Grant.. Gen. Merrill . Gen. Kilpatrick and Col. Minty Gen. Warren . . . Gen. Grant Gen. Sheridan. . Col. Siebold Gen. Grant Gen. Sherman. . Gen. Lee Gen. Lee Gens l.omax & Wickliam. . . . Gen. Ross Fer- guson Gen. Pickett. .. Gen. Lee Gen. Karly Gen. Wheeler. . . Gen. Lee Gen. Hood Gen. Gillam. . Gens. Gregg and Kautz Gen, Sheridan. . Gen. Sheridan. , Gen. Ewing. . . . Gen. Grant Gen. Warren. . . Gen. Burbridge. Gen. Butler. . . . (jen Sheridan. . Gen. Corse Gen. Terry Gen. Gillem . . . . Gen. Sheridan. . Gen. Blunt Gen. Pleasanton Gen. Grant. . , . Col. Morgan. , Gen, Gillam . . . Confed. John Morgan. Gen. Hampton. Gen. Early Gen. Early.. . . Gen. Price. . . . Gen. Lee. . Gen. Echols. , . . Gen. Anderson, Gen. Rosser. . . . Gen. French,. , . Gen. ———... , Gn. Breckinridge Gen. Early Gen. Price Gen, Price Gen. Lee Rhoddy . Vauglm . CHUONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAE. 427 Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. Ccnfed. Union. Total loss 1100.. Total loss 4000.. 70. r-514 k. and w 3000 6()0 900 30 lOOok. &w. 30G0p. 50 k. 439. w. 60 m, 300 110 k., w., and m, 3000 k. and w. 600 k. and w. . 9 k. 60 w 6000k, w., and m. 500 k. &w., 1500 p. 350 500 60 600 k., w., and m. 414 220 4000 k.&w. 1300 p 1000 k. &w. 2000 p 400 k. 1500 w. 800 m 100 TO. 250 p. 2500 . 300. 1000 k., w., and m 1500 p 2000 150 15()0 k. and w. . . , oOOO k., w., and m , 70 p , 100 k. 75 p , w. 90 k. and w. ., 00 k. 4000 2500 p 400 k. & w. 1100 p 1500 k. and w. o(f p 18 k. 71 w. 21 ra. 1000. 330 p. Eemarks. Oonfed. k. and w. not given. Confederates defeated. Confederates defeated. Confederate loss not reported. Confederates defeated. Confederates repulsed. Confederates repulsed. Morgan's staff taken prisoners, Morgan killed. Confed, Gens. Rhodes and don killed. 16 confed. c^uns captured. Confederates defeated. Confed. loss about 2400. Gor- Confed. k. and w. not given. Confederates defeated. 275 k. & w., 500 p, 200 Federals retreated Confederate loss not given. 2800k.& w. 1300p 900 k., 1000 p. 1600 k., w., and ra. 400 p., many k.&w. 200 p 120, Blunt defeated. Gens. Marmaduke and Cabell, 2800 wounded Confeds., and 1500 stand of arms captured. 8 pieces of artillery captured from the Confederates. Confederates defeated. 428 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK Date, 1864. Nov. 12 Nov 29 to Dec. 7 Nov. 30 Dec. 1 " 7 " 13 " 14 15-21 Dec. 15 D. 15-16 " 17 23-25 1865. Jan. 15 Feb. 5-7 " 11 17-19 20-22 Feb 27 toMh 10 March 2 " 10 " 11 « 16 ' 19 ' 29 27-25 April 1 Names and Places of Battles, En gagements, and Skirmishes. Near Nineveh, Va Grahamsville and Pocotaligo, S. C Fraukhn, Tenn Nashville, Tenn ... Near Murfreesboro. Kingsport, E. Tenn. Bristol, Tenn Savannah, Ga Near Murfreesboro. Nashville Ashbyville, Ky. . . Fort Fish«r, N. C. Fort Fisher, N. C. Dabney Mills and Hatchers Run, Ya Near Wilmington, N. Ci . . . Fort Anderson, N. C Wilmington, N. C. Waynesboro. James River, and Virginia Central Railroad.. Between Charlottesville and Staunton Kingston, N. C . . . Kingston, N, C. , , Averasboro, N. C. Bentonville, N. C. Quaker Road Petersburg, "Va, Five Forks Commanders. Union. Powell, Gen. Foster. . . Gen. Scliofield. Gen. Thomas. . Rosseau Gen. Burbridge Gen. Burbridge Gen. Sherman . Gen. Thomas . . Gen. McCook. . . Gen. Butler and Rear Ad. Porter Gen. Terry Gen. Grant and Meade Gen, Terry Gen. Schotield & Rear Ad I'orter Gen. Scliofield & Rear Ad. Porter Gen. Sheridan. . Confed. Gen. Lomax. Gen, Hood. (xeii. Hood. Forrest . . . . Ba?il Duke Gon. Hardee, Forrest ilood Gen. Lyon . . . Gen. Whiting. Gen, Lee Gen. Hoke. . Gen. Bragg. Gen. Early. . Sheridan Early. Gen. Scliofield.. [Bragg Cox and Couch , Gen. Sherman. Gen. Sherman. , Sheridan Gens. Grant and Meade Sheridan and Warren Hill and Hoke. . Gen. Johnson.. . Gen. Jolinson.. . Bushrod Johnson Gen. Lee, Gen. Lee. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 429 Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. Union. Confed. 150 p 2 Confed. guns captured. Confed. loss not reported. From 1200 to 11 500 w 189 k. 1033 1104m 1750 k. 3800 w. 702p Loss over '23,000.. 207 D Loss about 6500. . Forrest routed, losing 14 cannon. Confederates routed. 150 300 p 600 k. & w. 1000 p 1500 k. and w 23,000 loss 400 Forrest defeated. 6500 loss Ed. Johnson captured, also 47 guns and 7000 small arms. Lyon defeated. 195 look. & w., 280 p. 440 k. & w. 2500 p. I5- pewa Huron Kanawha Perry, Lockwood Si Ceres Ceres Pursuit Northern Light Currituck Hunt.sville 434 VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED Ciaea. Schooner Steamer.. Steamer.. Schooner. Sloop Schooner, Schooner. Schooner. Sloop.... Tug Bam Schooner. Steamer.. Schooner. Schooner. Steamer,. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Sloop Sloop..... Steamer. . Steamer.. Schooner , Boat Schooner . Schooner. Brig Steamer. . Schooner. Schooner. Sloop Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Sloop Schooner. Earn Steamer.. Iron-clad, rebel... Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Brig. Name. Aquilla. Adela . . Ann Albemarle America Anna Sophia . . Arctic Ann Squires.... Anglo American Arkansas Adventure A.B Annie Dees. . Adelaide .... Anglia Ai'iel Agnes Alicia Ariel Ann Maria.. Ann When cap- tured. "Where captured. Charleston. Mobile. Avenger Antona A. W. Baker . . . A. W.Thompson Alligator Avon Annie Atlantic Aries Antelope Aurelia. . . . Anna Ascension . Annie B... Alabama.. A. Carson. Alma... Amelia. Angelina . . . . A. J. Hodge. Arkansas.... Argo Atlanta Anna Maria. Arctic Ann Artist Atlantic 1862 Aug. 4 July 7 June 19 Mar. 25 Pungo river, N. C April lOjNewtogan c'k, N. C Aug. 27 j Gulf of Mexico Potomac river Sept. 25^*-g^^ May 16 May 13 May 20 >» June 17 June 28 May 28 July 6 Aug. 15 Aug. 10 Jupiter inlet. Lat. 24°, long. 83° Indian river Cape St. Bias Mississippi river. . . . Piney Point Caloosahatchie river Abaco... Wilmington Havana Bull's Bay, S. Car.. Charleston Tortugas Mosquito inlet Suwanee river Havana Lat. 27% long. 83° .. Lat. 29% long. —°... Charleston At sea Lat. 28% long. 86° Yazoo city Savannah Steinhathee river. . . Great Yiocomico Charlotte Harbor. Florida Lat. 28% long. 95° . . Pio Grande Huron Quaker City ana Huntsville Susquehanna&Kan- awha Delaware Com. Perry, &o P. P. Cuyler Freeborn Florida William Bacon. Kensington, &c. Arthirr Seneca Ellis Flag & Restless Huntsville Sagamore Monticello Gem of the Sea Sagamore Pocahontas Queen of the Wert Wyandank Julia Tioga State of Georgia Sonoma Stettin Memphis Two Sisters Arizona Fort Henry Huntsville Wanderer Susquehanna W. World and S. Eotan Perry Flag, Canandaigua, Wamsutta Courier Huntsville Yazoo Pass expedi- tion Weehawken Nahant Fort Henry Satellite Pestless Bermuda Princess Royal and FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 435 Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vesseL Steamer Schooner... Steamer Steamer.... Brig Steamer Boat Schooner... Schooner... English sch . Schooner. . , British sch., Steamer Alice Vivian.... Ann Alonzo Childs .. Arabian Atlantic Alabama Argus Alice Arctic Anita Amelia Ann Albert, or "We- nona Antoinette . . Antonica Sloop Schooner. . . Steamer Mexican sch Schooner. . . Schooner. . . Schooner. . . Steamer.... Steamer.... Steamer Schooner... Steamer.... Schooner... Rebel ram.. Rebel steam Schooner. . . Schooner. Schooner. Steamer.. Schooner. Rebel sch. Sloop Annie Thoraps'n Arietta, or Mar- tha Alliance , Alma Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner . Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. 186 Aug. Aug. Gulf of Mexico Gilbert's bar . . Amanda Agnes , Ann C. Daven- port Arrow A. D. Vance.... Annie Annie Virden.. Annie Ann Louisa... Sept. Aug. Sei Oct. July Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. Dec. Dec. 1864 Jan. 16 Mar. 3 April 12 April 19 14 New inlet. N. Car.. Off the Rio Grande. Chandeleur island . . Red river De Soto Sagamore Mississippi squadron Shenandoah 30 20 At sea At sea Brazos Santiago. Off Mobile Cuml)erland beach. < Off Wilmington... St. Cath.'s sound. . OfFTybee island... Off Savannnh Eugenie Black Hawk Fort Henry Ladona Granite City KanaAvha Braziliera Gov. Buckingham Fernandina May May May July Sept. Oct. Oct. Oct. Sept. 6 S. Car., T. Virginia Kanawha Off" Velasco, Texas. . [Chocura A. Ward Coast of Texas. .. Off Espiiitu Santo Pass Alligator rivei Gatesville, N. lOlAt sea 31 5 7 Albemarle Alabama Albert Edward June 19 Oct. 31 Armstrong. Alabama... Dec. Dec. Augusta Amazon Annie Sophia. Anna Dale . . , Annie Belle Conway. Brilliante Basilde Brunette Baltimore Beverly Bachefor Br ena Vista... Beauregard . . . . 4 7 1865. Jan. 17 Mar. 2 Feb. 7 Feb. 18 April 11 1861. May 15 June 23 July 16 Sept. 29 Oct. 3 July 17 Nov. 13 Off New inlet Off Valasco Near Cape Fear Lat.26°30' N.-, long. 89° 30' W Roanoke river Off Cherbourg, Fr.. Lafc. 27°N.; long.94° W Lat. 32°N.-,long.77° W Off St. Louis Pass. Suwanee river, Fla. Savannah river Galveston Bay Pass Cavallo Crystal river, Fla.. Hampton roads. . . Mississippi sound. Coast of Maryland. Hatteras inlet Potomac river Bahama channel,. . Ceres and Rockland Naval and army cap- ture Santiago de Cuba Kansas, &c. Mobile Aster Proteus Torpedo boat (Lieut. Cushing) Kearsarge Katahdin R R. Cuyler and others Princess Royal and Chociua Honeysuckle Pontiac Bienville and Prin- cess Royal Panola Sea Bird Minnesota Massachusetts Potomac flotilla Susquehanna Gemsbok Potomac tioulla Resolute "W. G. Anderson 436 VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTEOTED Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. Brig Sloop Schooner. . Schooner.. Steamer... Schooner.. Schooner.. Schooner.. Sloop Sloop Schooner.. Sloop Sloop Schooner.. Schooner. . Steamer... Schooner.. Steamer... Steamer... Schooner. . Schooner.. Schooner.. Sloop Sloop Steamer . . . Ship Schooner.. Sloop Boat Steamer... Schooner... Steamer... Sloop Steamer... Steamer... Steamer. , . Schooner . . Steamer... Schooner.. Steamer... Schooner... Gunboat. . Rebel st'r-. Rebel st'r. Schooner,. Schooner.. B. F. Martin . Blooming Black "Warrior British Queen. Bermuda Belle British Empm Baigorry Beauregard... Blossom Breaker Bellefont Belle Italia... Brilliant By George — 1861 July 28 YouthlDec. 18 1862. Feb. — Mar. 1 April 27 April 26 Hatteras Alexandria, Va. Bloomer. Brave . . . Burton.. Berwick Bay.. Belle Brothers Banifor Bright Blazer Bi-itannia , Banshee Bettie Cratzer. Blue Belle Buckshot Banshee Bigelow Bendigo... Bufialo Bombshell. Boston. Bat Badger... Beatrice . Belle.... Blenheim... Ben Willis. Beaufort. June Aug. 12 Feb. — July 10 Nov. 3 Dec. 1 Elizabeth City Wilmington Hole-in- Wall Charleston Marataiizas inlet. . . Lat. 23°, long. 83° . Coast of TcNas Potomac river Coast of Texas New Topsail inlet Indian river Pensacola. New Orleans, La. . . . Mississippi river . . . Sapelo sound Abaco Jan. 1 Jan. 15 Jan. 19 Feb. 3 Feb. 23 Mar. 22 Mar. 25 April 24 Gulf of Mexico ... May 27 [Lat. 26°, long. 96° June 25 1 Lat. 25°, long. 74°. July 29! New Inlet June 23 Coast of N. Car.. July 2 Sabine Pass. Aug. 7 Nov. 21 Dec. 16 1864. Jan. 3 Feb. 1 May 5 July Oct. Nov. Nov. Dec. 1865 Jan. Feb. Bear Inlet Off Wiknington St. Andrew's sound Ga Off Plymouth, N. C. slOff Wilmington.... lo! (5 1st. George's Sound, ''i Fla 27 Off Charleston, S. C. 27 Galveston, Texas... Baltic Black Diamond Cecilia... Cambria. Mar. — May 10 1861. Sept. 24 April 23 Cape Fear river.... Lat. 28° N., long, 92' W Richmond, Va Tombigbee river. . . . Hampton roads.... Union Perry Rowan's expedition Mount Vernon Mercedita Uncas Isaac Smith Bainbridge. Rachel Seaman Reliance Arthur Daylight Sagamore Naval and army cap- ture Octorara Admiral Farragut's fleet Queen of the West Potomska Tioga Fort Henry De Soto Brooklyn Santiago de Cuba Niplion Flambeau Cayuga San Jacinto Grand Gulf and Ful- ton Not known Blockading squadron Braziliera Mattabesett and oth- ers Fort Jackson Montgomery, &c, Adela Picket boats Virginia N. Atlantic squadro* Panola Part of N. Atlantic squadron Part of West Gull squadron Dart Cumberland FOR riOLATXOK OF THE BLOCKADE. 437 Class. Name. When cap- tured. "Where captured. By what veesel. Schooner... Schooner. . . Schooner. . . Schooner.. . . Schooner. . Carrie Crenshaw Catherine Caroline C. P. Knapp.... Charles Henry. Col. Long Cheshire Charity Capt. Spedden.. Calhoun 1861 May 2 May 17 May 27 July 5 Aug. 8 April 7 Sept. 4 Dec 6 Dec 15 Dec. 31 1862. Jan. 23 Feb. — Mar. - Mar. 14 April 3 April 2 April 5 April 10 May 4 May 22 May 26 May'si May 13 Hampton roads.... u •••• >» .... Galveston Minnesota South Carolina Santee Sloop Chandeleur island.. At sea Massachusetts Schooner.. . . Savannah.. Flag, Seneca, Poca* hontas, Augusta, and Savannah Stars and Stripes Harry Lewis, "Water- Witch and New Schooner.... Schooner.... Hatteras inlet Biloxi Steamer Southwest Pass Roanoke island West coast of Fla... Lat. 26°, long. 84°.. Newbern. . ......... London Colorado, Eachel Seaman, and tend- er of Samuel Eo- tan Powan's expedition Ethan Allen Panola Sloop Schooner.. . . Caroline Cora Schooner . . . Clifton Rowan's expedition Susquehanna Mercedita and Saga Sloop Pilot boat.. Coquette Charleston bar Apalachicola Coast of Texas Mobile Schooner.... Columbia Charlotte. Cuba more Montgomery Schooner. . . Steamer.... Steamer.... Circassian Constitution,... Cambria Cora Coast of Cuba Lockwood's Folly in- let Somerset Mount Vernon, Vic- toria, and State of Georgia At Sea Arietta and Dan Charleston Bayou Bonfouca.... Keystone State Calhoun Mound City Alabama and Flam- Gunboat... Steamer.... Corypheus Schooner..; Catalina Curlew June 20 June 16 June 28 Mar. 14 April 10 July 9 Aug. 3 Aug. 23 Sept. 20 Oct. 28 Nov. 8 »j Nov. 11 Dec. 22 Charleston ......... Cedar Keys Warsaw Sound Sounds of N, Car.... beau Chance Caroline Virginia Comet Naval expedition Rowan's expedition Commodore Perry Newtoganc'kN. C. Coast of Texas Lat. 28', long. 76»... Lat. 23% long. 84° . . Potomac river Coast of Texas Lat. 29°, long. 87°... Glymont, Md Propeller... Schooner. .. Columbia Corelia and others Arthur Santiago de Cuba James S. Chambers Schooner.... Schooner.... Steamer.... Sloop Sloop Chapel Point... Conchita Carolina Capitola Caperton Corse Jacob Bell Crocker's expedition Montgomery Resolute Sabine Pass Lat. 24°, long. 83°... Velocity, Dan Ken- sington, and Ra- Schooner... Courier chel Seaman Huntsville 438 VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vesseL Brig. Schooner.... SMp Comet • 1862 Dec. 2& Dec. 27 1863. Jan. 19 Feb. 27 Feb. 28 Feb. 23 Feb. 24 Mar. 25 Mar. 30 April 14 April 16 May 7 April 20 May 17 May 15 May 8 May 16 AprU 26 June 11 June 1 June 3 June 21 June 19 July 26 July 11 Autr. 7 July 29 Abaco Santiago de Cuba Carmita C. A.Farwell... Ceres Marquesas keys New Orleans, La... Alexandria, Va.... Magnolia Admiral Farragut'i fleet Schooner.. . . Steamer .... Schooner Chatham Adolf Hugel Charm Indian river Gem of the Sea Schooner... Schooner. . . C. W, Worrell.. Wyandank Mobile Clyde Crotilda Cherokee Cuba Comet Deer creek Mississippi squadron Sonoma McClellan Canandaigua and Flag Port Royal De Soto Kanawha Schooner. . . Sloop Steamer. . . . Steamer Brigantine.. Boat Sloop Schooner.... Steamer.... Campeachy bank... Lat. 28°, long. 80°.. Charleston bar Apalachicola Lat. 28°, long 87°... Fort Morgan Tampa bay, Florida. Charleston. . ... .... Crazy Jane C. B-onterean.... Clarita Tahoma S. Atlantic block- Lat. 26°, long. 83°... Wilmington Crystal river •••• >> ad'g squadron. De Soto Calypso Charleston Cassandra Clara Ann Clotilda Cronstadt Carmita Clara Louisa.... Charmer Comubia Florida Fort Henry and Beauregard Fort Henry and Beaiu-egard Octorara and Tioga Fort Heni-y De Soto San Jacinto Port Royal April 20 July — July - July - Dec. — Dec. - July 11 Aui: 1 July 26 July 17 do. 19-26 Aug. 16 Aug. 14 Aug. 8 July 26 Nov. 8 Port Royal >» J. L. Davia Osage Seminole Yankee. Steamer Schooner... Sloop Sloop Steamer Schooner.... Sloop Schooner.. . , Steamer.... Near Apalachicola. . St. Joseph's bay Mississippi squadron "Wilmington Rappahannock river Mosquito inlet Wacassassa river... . Cape San Bias Lat. 27°, long. 76°... Lat. -26°. long. 95,... Indian Rivor inlet.. Mosquito inlet Oflf New Inlet Sagamore, &o Fort llenrv Hendrirk Hudson. Rhode Island BeiTuuda Sagamore Sagamore, &c. Jas. AdgerandNip hon. FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 439 Glass. Eng. stem'r, Schooner., . . Schooner.... Sloop. Steamer.. Schooner. Sloop...., Steamer., Sloop... ., Sloop , Schooner. Steamer., Steamer., Schooner. Schooner, Schooner.... Steamer..... Schooner. . . . Steamer Schooner.... Sloop -. Steamer Schooner..., Steamer.... Rehel iron clad Schooner. . . Schooner. . . Schooner. . . H. brig.... Schooner. . . Name. Chatham. Ceres Caroline.., Concordia. Caroline. 3863 Dec If Dec 6 Dec. 28 Oct. 5 1864. Jan. 18 Jan. 6 Feb. 26 Cumberland.... Camilla Cassie Holt Caledonia Feb. Feb. Feb. May Caroline June Cyclops June Coquette Oct. Condor Oct. Constance Oct. Cora Smyser. . . . jOct Carrie Mair Nov. Dec. When cap- tured. Dofcey sound Cape Fear river Oclockney river, Fla. Calcasieu Pass Jupiter inlet At sea Suwanee river, Fla. Where captured. Port Pembert'in. At sea San Luis Pass.. Jupiter inlet... Off Charleston. Potomac river. Cora. Charlotte. Coquette. . . , Celt Comus Cath. Coombs. Cora Chaos. Cotton Plant., Columbia. Dorothy Haines Delaware Far- Dart.... Delta... Delight. Dec Jan. 5 Oft' Charleston 28 0ffVelasco, Texas.. 30 Pass Caballo, Texas. 5Lat. 32° N., long. I 77° W. I At sea 19, Off Galveston island Jan. 19 Jan. 26 Mar. 31 Feb. Mar. April April April April 1861. May 11 May 14 July 4 Oct. 27 Dec. 9 long. Lat. 33° N 75° W. Cape Fear river Combahee river, S. Carolina Stranded on Sulli- van's island Lat, 23° N., long. 83° W. Yorktown, Va Near Brazos de St. lago. Mississippi river. . . . Off Galveston, Texas Roanoke river. Charleston, S. C. Hampton roads. Galveston Mississippi sound. By what vessel. Huron Conn, and others Stars and Stripes Granite City Roebuck Vanderbilt Clyde Mississippi squadron Expedition up Yazoo De Soto Virginia Massachusetts and Keystone State Union Flag Adolph Hugel Sciota and Chociu'a Itasca Gettysburg and oth- ers Mackinaw Princess Royal Horace Beals Malvern and others Dai-Chtng and Clo- ver luka Crusader Quaker City Huntress Gertrude Cornubia Cornubia and Get* trude Boat expedition Cumberland South Carolina Santee New London 440 VESSELS CAPTURED AND DE8TE0YED Class. Name. Sloop. Schooner. • Schooner, . Schooner. . Schooner.. Schooner. ■ Schooner. . Schooner. . Steamer.. Schooner. . Steamer.. Propeller. Steamer.. Schooner., Steamer.. Schooner. . Schooner.. Steamer.. Steamer.. Brig Dudley or Pink- i nay Darlington Dixie , Deer Island. . . . , 'Director , Director Defiance , David Crockeit, Dart , Dan Diana , . Dove 1862 Jan. 10 Mar. 3 April 15 May 13 May 4 July — Sept. 7 Oct. 13 Oct. 6 Oct. — Nov. 26 Steamer.. Schooner. Steamer.. Steamer.. Steamer.. Schooner. . Schooner. Steamer.. Steamer... Schooner.. Schooner. . Schooner.. Schooner.. Schooner.. Schooner.. Schooner.. Schooner. . Schooner. . Bark Schooner. . Sloop Sloop Sloop Schooner.. Schooner . Diana Douro Dolphin D. Sargent.... Dart Dew Drop ..... Don Jose Director Duoro Diamond Dashing "Wave. Dare Defy Don Donegal, or Aus tin. Delia Delphina. Deer Dolly.... Denbigh. Elite Emily Ann.... Elizabeth Ann, Enchantress... Extra Eagle Edwin Ezilda Ewd. Barnard.. Empress E J. Waterman Express Ellen Jane Eugenia Smith. Emma Eugenia Smith, "When cap- tured. 1863. Jan. 19 Mar. 9 Mar. 25 Mar. 12 May 1 May — July 2 Sept. 30 Oct. 11 Sept. 23 Nov. 5 1864. Jan. Feb. Feb. Mar. 4 June 6 1865. Feb. 17 Jan. 22 Feb. 18 Mav 25 1861 May May 14 July 2: Aug. 29 Aug. 12 Sept'. '31 Oct 16 Nov. 26 Nov. 30 Dec. Dec. 18 Dec. 1862. Jan. 17 Feb. 7 Where captured. Cedar keys Fernandina Georgetown Mississippi sound . York river Sapello pound. Charleeton Coast of Texas. Pass Cavalo. New Orleans Lat. 33°, long. 77°. Lat. 19°, long, 65° Galve-ton Mobile At sea Point Eossa New inlet St. Simon's sound. Off Rio Grande... Off Doboy light, Ga Near Masonboro' . . . Off Beaufort, N. C. . Off Mobile bay Near Bayport, Fla Calcasieu river Charleston, S. C. Roanoke river, N. C. Hampton roads. . . . . Coast of Virginia. .. Rappahannock liver Beaufort, N. C Barrataria bay Pass a I'Outre North( ast Pas.'i, Misi Tybee light Mississippi sound . . Alexandria, Va.... Off Rio Grande Coast of Florida. Lat. 28°, long. 91° By what vesBeL flatteraa Naval expedition Keystone State Bohio Corwin and Curri- tuck Brazil! era America and Flag Kensington, &c Kittatiuny Magnolia Admiral Farragut Quaker City Wachusett Kittatinny Kanawha Yazoo expedition Juni:Ua Gem of the Sea Nanscmond Stettin Owasco, Virginia. Aries Midnight Cambridge Pequot Metacomet Mahaska Chocura Monad nock and ott- ers Naval e.xpedition Cumberland Albatross Daylight Resolute Cambridije South Carolina Vincennes and Misa Savannah New London Perry Santiago de Cuba Connecticut Bohio FOB VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 441 Glass. Steamer... Sloop Schooner.. Schooner. . Schooner. . Schooner. . Ship Propeller.. Steamer... Schooner. . Schooner.. Steamer. . . Schooner.. Steamer. . . Schooner.. Schooner. . Schooner.. Schooner. . Sloop Armed sch. Schooner . . Schooner.. Schooner. Sloop Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Sloop Steamer.. Sloop Sloop Schooner. Sloop Steamer. . Sloop Schooner. Schooner. Steamer.. Steamer.. Sloop Schooner. Schooner. Sloop Steamer..., Schooner.., Steamer..., Name. Elhs Edisto Elizabeth. . , . Eva Bell.... Eothen Eugenie Emily St. Pierre Eureka Ella Warley. Eugenia EllaD Elizabeth. . . . Emily. Emily Emma Elizabeth Eliza ElmiraC 'melius Eli2;a Elmer Elias Reed... Emma 1862 Feb. . Feb. 14 Mar. 14 Mar. 16 Mar. 1 April - April 25 May 20 May 22 May 29 June 26 July 7 July 23 July 5 Aug. 21 Oct. 11 EmmaTuttle... Ellen Exchange. Emma Tuttle.. Emily Murray. Elizabeth Evansville. Enterprise. Express.... Emma Amelia., Elias Beckwith., Eugenie , Emeliue , Emily... , Echo Emma Bett... Evening Star. Elizabeth Emma Emma Eureka Emma Elmira.... Excelsior. Elizabeth. Ella and Anna. Nov. 9 When cap- tured. Aug. 12 Nov. 5 Sept. 26 Nov. 3 Nov. 24 Dec. 28 1863. Jan. 27 Feb. 9 June 28 Feb. 12 Mar. 8 May 4 May April May May May May May May May 'June June July July July July July Oct. Where captured. Roanoke island. Bull's Bay • ••• ,) •••.. Newbern. Off the Mississippi. Charleston Potomac river Lat. 28°, long. 97°.. North Carolina.... Charleston. "Wilmington. Bull's bay Lat. 27', long. 75° Charleston. Bull's bay.. Coast of Texas.. Lat. 26°, long. 77 Velasco, Texas. New inlet Indian river Rappaliannock river Jupiter inlet Carson's landing.. . . Coast of S. Carolina St. Andrew's bay, Fla Mobile lAt sea Urbana, Va Lat. 25% long. 83° Lat. 25% long. 77° Warsaw sound, Ga. Lat. 23°, l» J. L. Davis Gem of the Sea Mercedita and Saga- more Potomac flotilla ») Pursuit Ethan Allen Restless Hatteras Shepherd Knapp Keystone State Magnolia. FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 443 ClasB. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vesBel. Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Sloop Sloop Schooner... Boat Schooner... Schooner... Steamer.... Steamer Schooner . . . Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... English sch. Reamer... . Sloop English sch. Schooner . . . Sloop Eehel steam. Eehel arm'd steamer . Steamer..., Schooner.., Schooner.., Sloop Rebel Iron-clad. Schooner . . . Five Brothers. . . Florida , Florence Night ingale , Fashion Flying Cloud.. Frolic Florida Fashion Flying Scud Fulton , Fanny Florrie Friendship Friendship , F. U. Johnson., 1863 Mar. 16 Lat.27° N.,lonmsbok Resolute New London and R R. Cuyler Jamestown Louisiana Rowan's expedition Bohio Isilda Arthur Connecticut Cun-ituck Commodore Morris Ottowa Somerset, &c. Naval expedition Estrella Octorara Juniata Kanawha, &a Ossipee Satellite Florida Tahoma Vincennes & Clifton S. Atlantic blockad'g squadron Tioga Niphon and others Calypso Sunflower Beauregard )> Virginia. Daffodil and otheri Para Ladona Eolus 446 VESSELS CAPTURED AlO) DESTROYED Clasfl. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what veseeL Rebel st'r. . Gunboat un finished . Schooner..., Schooner... Schooner..., Schooner.. . , Brig. Schooner..., Schooner..., Schooner.... Schooner... Brig , Hampton. Halifax... 1864 Richmond, Va Roanoke river, N. C. Industry Iris Island Belle ... Isabel or "W. R. King Intended..... Ida 1861. May 15 May 27 Dec. 31 1862. 1 Sloop English 8ch Steamer.... Steamer.... Steamer. . . , Schooner. . , Schooner. . , Schooner.., Schooner.., Schooner. .. Schooner. ., Bark Schooner . . , Schooner.., Schooner. .. Schooner. .. Schooner.. , Schooner. . , Schooner... Schooner . . , Schooner. . , Steamer..., Sloop Schooner.., Ida Inez Isabel Isabella Thomp- son Isabella Indian. Isabel . . Ivanhoe. Ida J. H. Etheridge, John Hamilton. Jane Wright. . . . Julia Joseph H. Tooue Judith Joi'gen Lorent Feb May 1 July 12 1863. Mar. 4 April 18 May 18 June 19 May 22 1864. ril 10 ay 28 July 4 July 8 1861. May 15 July 5 Aug. 2 Hampton roads Bull's Island light. . Atchafalaya bay New inlet, N. Car. . . Lat. 26"'N., long. 76° W Api Ma Charlotte harb'r Tla. Indian Iliver inlet.. Mobile Lat. 41° N., long. 67° W Wacassassa bay At sea Off Galveston. Off Mobile.... Sapelo sound. Hampton roads Jane Campbell.. J. "W. Wilder... Julia Joanna Ward... J. J. McNeil.... Julia Worden . . Jesse J. Cox. Julia Jane .Jeff. Thompson. . I Jeff. Davis John Schooner. Schooner . Brig Schooner. Sloop..... Schooner. Oct. Sept. Dec. Dec. 1862. Jan. Jan. Feb. Jan. Mar. Mar. May May June Mar. April Potomac river Beaufort, N. Car... Barrataria bay Pensacola navy yard Ldt. 6° N., Long 37°W \ Beaufort, N. Car... Mobile bar New Orleans Lat. 30° N. long. 80° W Corpus Chiisti Cape Roman pas- sat^e Mobile Naval expeditioB Minnesota Augusta Montgomery Jamestown Mercedita J. S. Chambers Gem of the Sea R. R. Cuyler United States Fort Henry Vicksburg Admiral Fleet off Mobile Sonoma Minnesota Daylight, &c. Thomas Fi'eebom Cambridge South Carolina Boat expedition from Colorado Morning Light State of Georgia R R. Cuyler Mercedita, &o. Harriet Lane Axthiir J. J. Crittenden James Norcon . . Josephine.... John Gilpin. John Thompson J. C. Rozer.. April 10 Mar. July .'^ept. Dec. Lat. 26° N., long. 83° W Memphis Newbem Pasquotank river, ISr. Carolina Newtogan creek, N. Carolina Little River, N. C. . . Ship Island, Miss... Mississippi sound. . . Wilmington. Cayuga. Kittatinny R. R. Cuyler. Western flotilla Vessels in sounds of North Carolina Commodore Perry, &c. t( Shawsheen, &o. Hatteras Katahdin. Cambridge FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 447 Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what Sloop Sloop Schooner, Schooner. Steamer.. Schooner. Schooner. Sloop Sloop Steamer.. Sloop.. .. Schooner. Steamer.. Schooner. Steamer.. Schooner. Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Steamer.... Schooner . . . Sloop Mexican sch Schooner . . . Schooner. .. Steamer.... Sloop Schooner... Schooner.. . Sloop Schooner... Julia John C. Calhoun J. C. McCabe... John "Williams.. J. D Clark.. Joe Flanner. Juniper Jane Adelie . Justlna John "Walsh.. John "Wesley. Julia . 1863. Jan. 8 Jan, 22 Jan. 18 Mar. 19 April 8 April 24 May 4 April 24 April 23 May 24 June 16 James Battle. J. T. Davis... Juno Jenny. Jupiter. Jano... Jenny. John Scott. John Douglass.. Josephine Juanita Julia A. Hodges Judson Jupiter Julia James "Williams John James Sandy... John A. Hazard Schooner.., Schooner... Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner... Schooner. . . Sloop Sloop Steamer.... Julia. Julia. Josephine. John Hale. Kate. Kate. Kate. Kate. Kate. Kate. July 17 Aug. 10 Sept. 22 Oct. 6 Sept. 13 Oct. — Oct. 6 1864. Jan. 7 Feb. 29 Mar . 24 April 11 April 6 April 30 June 27 July 12 Sept. 11 Oct. 28 Nov. 5 Dec. 5 Dec. 23 1865 Jan. 14 Feb. 1862. April 2 Dec. 27 1863. Feb. 25 May 28 June 23 Aug. 1 Jupiter inlet Chuckatuck creek . . James river Lat. 26° N., long. 76" W ■Red river Mobile Gulf of Mexico Lat. 28° N., long. 78° "W Lat. 28° N., long. 83° "W Lat. 25° N., long. 6° W Ri Grande Off "Wilmington, N. OffEioGrande!..." At sea Off Rio Brazos Coast of Texas Off Mobile OffVelasco, Texas.. Saversota sound.... Off San Luis Pass. . . Matagorda bay Off Mobile bar At sea Off Sapelo sound Off Galveston Off Velasco Off Alexandria, Va. Lat. 26° N., long 96° W Near Velasco, Texas Alligator creek, S. C Off Brazos, St. lago Texas Coast of Florida . . . . "Wilmington St. Mark's river... Point Isabel light. . . Indian river New Inlet, N. C... Sagamore Commodore Moma Zouave Octorara Hartford Pembina Kanawha De Soto Tioga Yazoo Pass expedi- tion Circassian Tioga De Soto, &c. Cayuga Connecticut Virginia Cimarron & Nan- tucket Tennessee Virginia Kennebec and oth- ers Penobscot Suniiower Virginia Estrella Conemaugh Proteus Nipsic Penobscot Augusta Dinsmoze Adolph Hugel Fort Morgan Chocura Acacia Seminole Matthew Vassar Mount Vernon Roebuck Potomac flotilla Brooklyn Pursuit James Adger, &o. 448 V^ESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED Glass. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. Steamer.. Steamer. . Sloop Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Sloop Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner . Propeller. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Sloop Schooner . Steamer. . Schooner. Schooner . Schooner. Steamer.. Schooner. Schooner . Brig Sloop Sloop Steamer.. Schooner. Schooner. Bark Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Steamer.. Steamer. . Schooner. Sloop Schooner. Schooner. Steamer. . Steamer.. Kate Dale. Kaskaskia. July 14 Kate Dale. Laurie Lynchburg — Louisa Leon Louisa Louisa Agnes. Lida Lizzie Weston . , Labuan Lynnhaven. Lion Lizzie Taylor... Lydia and Mary, Lookout Lufayette Liverpool Lewis White- mor^- Lucy C. Holmes. Lion La Criolla Little Rebel Louise Lucy LiUa L. Rebecca. Lizzie Lodona Lonely Bell. Louisa La Manche. Lavinia . . . Lilly Levi Rowe . Landis Little Magruder. Lightning Laura Dudley.. Ladies' Delight. Linnet Lady 'Walton... Lizzie Oct. 16 186L May 4 May 30 July 4 July 25 Aug. 11 Sept. 9 Dec. 1 1862. Jan. 19 Feb. 1 Feb. Tampa bay Hampton roads. . . Chesapeake bay.. Galveston Potomac river.. .. Cape Fear river . . Beaufort, N. Car. OflESt. Simonds... R. R. Cuyler Mississippi squad- ron. Tahoma and Adela Cumberland Quaker City South Carolina Thomas Freeborn Penguin Cambridge Seminole Feb. Mar. Mar. April April April May May Mar. May Tune June June 20 July June Aug. Aug. Boca Chica Elizabeth City, N.C. Lat.26° ]Sr.,long. 93° W Newbern Cape Roman passage Potomac river Georgetown Atsea Pantago creek, N. C. Charleston Memphis Lat. 29° N., long. J W Hole in the Wall. 21 2 4 21 Aug. 23 Aug. 27 Aug. 31 Nov. 30 1863 Jan. 19 Jan. Mar. 15 April 27 May 14 May 21 June — July 15, Coast of North Caro- lina Ossabaw sound Powell's Point Charleston Lat. 38° N., long. 69° W Lat. 27° N., long. 76° W Atsea New inlet New Orleans, La. White House...., Lat. 27° N., long. 86' W Urbana, Va Lat. 26° N., loug.84' W White river Lat. 27° N., long.75' W Portsmouth Delaware Kingfisher Rowan's expedition Restless Potomac flotilla Pursuit. Keystone State Colorado Santiago de Cuba Delaware Bienville Western flotilla Albatros Beauregard Quaker City Bohio Penobscot Unadilla General Putnam Bienville and Pem- bina Ino Santiago de Cuba W. G. Anderson Mount Vernon Admiral Farragut'i fleet, Mahaska, &c. Bienville McClellan Currituck, &c Union Naval boat exp'n Santiago de Cuba FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 449 GlasB. Name. "Wlen cap- tured. Where captured. By what veBsel. Schooner. . . Steamer.... Sloop Lady Maria.. Louisville... Last Trial... Lizzie Davis. Steamer..., Steamer... Leviathan . Laura. . . . , Boat Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner.. . English sch. Bloop Lydia., Louisa Linda. Steamer.. Schooner , Schooner.. Schooner.. Schooner.. Sloop Schooner.. Schooner . Schooner.. Schooner.. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Steamer.. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Longhoat. Schooner. Bark Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Lilly Lauretta . . . Lilly Laura Last Resort. Little Ada.. Lilian Lynx Lucy Louisa Louisa Lady Sterling. Louisa Lucy Little Elmere. Lone Louisa Lawood Lady Hui-ley.. Lilly Louisa Lecompte. . . Lady Davis. 1863 July Bay Port, Fla. E.ed River Oct. — Sept. 16 Sept. 22 1864 Jan. 18 Feb. 4 Feb. 11 Mar. 11 Feb. 28 Mar. 1 April 17 April 21 June 30 July 9 Aug. 24 Sept. 25 Nov. 2 Oct. 15 Oct. 12 Oct. 31 Oct. 12 Oct. 21 Nov. 9 Nov. 6 Nov. 24 Dec. 4 Dec. 6 1865. Jan. 6 Feb. 18 May 25 L:it. 25° 58' N., long 85MrW , Off Southwest Pass. Ockockney river. . . . Jupiter inlet .... Off Brazos River Mary & Virginia Mary Willis Mary Mary Cltutou. .. McCanfield Mary Monticello Morning Star... Mary Alice Macao Mary Wood.... Mary E. Pindar Mabel 1861. May 4 May 14 May 15 May 30 July 4 July 13 July 26 Aug. 3 Sept. 5 Sept. 9 Sept. 22 Nov. 15, Off Mosquito inlet. Off Velasco, Texas . Off Indian Pi,iver . . . Off Velasco Jupiter inlet. At sea Off New inlet, N. C. Lat. 32° 40' N., long. 77" 48' W Off San Luis Pass. . . Near Aransas Pass. Off Wilmington.... Off Aransas Pass, Texas OffBayport, Fla.... Mobjack bay, Va... Lat. 28'^ N., long. 95^ W Bar of St. Bernard Near Velasco, Texas Off' Velasco, Texas, Off Galveston, Texas Arkansas Pass, Texas Galveston, Texas . . . Charleston, S. C Hampton Roads.... Mouth of Mississippi Galveston North Carolina.... Rappahanjaock river Potomac river Mouth of Mississippi Hatteras inlet 29 Lat. 31°N., long W De Soto and others Red river expedit'n Beauregard San Jacinto De Soto Stars and Stripes Beauregard Queen Beauregard and Nor- folk packet Penobscot Roebuck Owasco Roebuck Gettysburg Keystone State and others Niphon and others Sautiago de Cuba Mobile Chocura Calypso, Eolus, Fort Jackson Chocura Sea Bird Stepping Stones Fort Morgan Chocui-a Metacomet Penobscot Cornubia Cumberland Minnesota Powhatan South Carolina Roanoke Daylight Freeborn Wabash Brooklyn & St.Loui* Pawnee Gemsbok Dale 450 VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED Class. Schooner.. Schooner.. Sloop Sloop Steamer... Pilot boat. Schooner., Schooner.. Schooner., Schooner.. Schooner. . Schooner.. Sloop Schooner.. Schooner.. Steamer... Steamer... Schooner. . Schooner . . Schooner. . Schooner.. Sloop Schooner . . Schooner . Schooner. Ship Ship Sloop Sloop SchoontT., Schooner. , Steamer.. Schooner . Brig Brig Schooner . Schooner. Name. When cap- tured. 1862. Jan. 28 Feb. 5 Jan. 25 Feb. 6 Feb. 19 April 2 April — April 26 April 30 Major Barbour. . Mars Mary Lewis Margaret, aUas Wm. Henry. . Magnolia Mary Olivia.. . . Monterey Mersey Maria . ' Magnet . Mary Teresa... . . Magnolia . Monitor . Mary Stewart. . . . Morning Star... . Modern Greeca. .Memphis [July 31 .Mail Aug. 1 . M;iry Elizabeth. 'Aug. 24 ., Monte Christo..|july 10, . Mary Ann I . Mustang IFeb. — Miuia Nov. 12 Dec. 3 Dec. 19 Dec. 25 Where captured. Eacoon Point, La.. . Fernandina Mantle river, Fla. . . Isle au Briton Pass a I'Outre Apalachicola Potomac river Lat. 31° N., long. 79° W Charleston Fernandina By what vessel. May 10 May 1 June — June 3 June 27 De Soto Keystone State Kingfisher & others Sciota Brooklyn and others Mercedita, &c. Potomac river Santiago de Cuba Dupont's expedition Mary Grey.... Mont Blanc... Metropolis. . Milan Music Mircury. . . . Matilda .... Margaret . . . Moro Mail Minna Magicienne. Mary Jane. innie Schooner. Schooner. Brig Schooner . Schooner.. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner., Jan. 19 Jan. 22 Jan. 4 Mattie Maggie Fulton Minnie Mnjor E. Willis Martha Ann. Maria Bishop... Mignionette.... M jssissippian . Charleston TJnadilla. Be rwick bay : Hatteras Piankatank river. . . Anacosiia Santee river Gem of the Sea Frying Pan shoals.. Bienville NearFon Fisher... ,%-brMge, star.* At sea Magnolia Freeborn Wilmington Stars & Stripes, «&c. Coast of Texas Arthur IKensingtoiJ, «fcc. Coast of Texas | Arthur Sabine Pass Kensington, &c. New Orleans, La. . . . Feb. Feb. 3 Feb. 23 Feb. 18 Chuckatuck cn-ek. . . Charleston. Matagorda bay Lat. 27° N., long. 83' W Mississippi river. . . . Jan. 28 Mar. 24 April 6 April 13 April 8 April 2U April 19 April 24 May L3- 14 May 17 May 19 June 1 May 19 Baton Eouge. Bahamas Shallot inlet Lat. 22° N., long. 28' W Wilmington Lat. 26' JSr., long. 82' W Lat. 23° N.,long 83' W Indian river inlet.., Bull's bay Charleston Chesapeake bay Urbana, Va , At sea Piney Point...., Lawson's bay, A' Gulf of Mexico.. Essex T. A. Ward Octorara Admiral Farragut's fleet Commodore Morris Quaker City Henry Janes, &c. Tahoma, «fcc. Queen of the West Potomac flotilla "Victoria Onward State of Georgia, &o. Huntsville. Annie Gem of the Sea Ladona Powhatan Western World, &o, Currituck, &c. Courier Sophronia Primrose, &c, De Soto FOB VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 451 Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. Steamer. . . Schooner.. . Schooner . . Steamer... Steamer. . . Sloop Mobile Magnolia Miiry Jane Miriam Merrimack Massachusetts. Music, Yazoo City. Steamer. . . . IMontgumery. . . Schooner.. . . Mack Caniield. Schooner May British stmr Mail British stmr Martha Jane. . . June 18 July 24 July 2 Sept. 17 Sept. 13 Aug. 25 Clearwater harbor., Brazos Santiago New inlet, N. C Baltimore, Md Potomac river Lat. 28° 32' N., long, 89°12W Bio Grande Oct. 15 Oct. 20 Margaret and Jessie Schooner. . . . Matamoras . . Schooner Marshal J.Smith Schooner I Maria Alberta. . Nov. Sloop Schooner . Magnolia.. Mary Ann. Minna. .... Schooner... Mary Campbell Steamer.... Mayflower. Schooner. . . Minnie. . . . Sloop Sloop Schooner. . . British sch.. Maria Louise . . , Mary Mary Aim M. P. Burton.., Nov. 4 Dec. 9 Nov. 27 Dec. 16 Nov. 26 Dec. 9 Nov. 14 1864. Jan. 13 Jan. 15 Jan. 10 Jan. 19 Mar. 6 Mar. 11 At sea Near Cedar Keys. . . Off Wilmington... Off Rio Grande.. Off Mobile Bayport, Floi'ida. long Lat. 26° 15' N 82° W Lat. 26° 22' N., long 97" W , Lat 23° 48' N., long 78° 3' W Near Pensacola Schooner... Marion , Schooner... Mary Sorley... Schooner . . . Maudoline , British sch.. Maria Alfred.. Pass, Fla.. Mosquito inlet Jupiter ruiet Eng.steamer Minnie.. I English sch. i Miriam, Schooner... Steamer.... Steamer.... Schooner.... Schooner.. . . Schooner.... Sloop Schooner.. Schooner, M. O'Neill. Matagorda. . Matagorda.. Mary Bowers. . , Off "Wilminiiton Lat. 28° 50' N., long. 95° 5' W. Mar. 12 Gulf of Mexico'. '.'... April 4, Off Galveston April 13' Atchafalaya bay.. . . Lat. 28° 50' N., long. 95° 5' W May 9 Lat. 34° N.*'long.'75° 28' W Lat. 25° 25' N., long. 84° 30' W..- Off Washington, N. Carolina. Off coast of Texas. . 10 Lat. 22° 50' N, long. 85° 47' W. Off Charleston, S. C. Medera. Mary Mary Ann. Morris Mary EUen. April. 29 May 5 July Sept. Oct. 29 Dec. 8 Dec. 3 Dec. 8 Dec. 19 1865. Jan. 3 Pascagoular bar.. . . . Lat. 32° N, long. 78° W. Oft" Pass Cabello, Tex Gulf of Mexico Off V-3la8co, Texas. Yazoo Pass exped'n Tahoma Itasca Iroquois Yankee Adolph Hugel De Soto "W". G. Anderson Coeur de Lion, &c. Honduras & others Anne, tender to Fort Heniy Keystone State and others Owasco and Virginia Kennebec Two Sisters, tender to San Jacinto Aiiel, tender to San Jacinto Antona Cu'cassian Bermuda Union Beauregard Roebuck GrandGulf Aroostook Scioto Nyanza Bachel Seaman Connecticut Honeysuckle Valley City Kanawha and others Magnolia Atlantic Block. quadron J. P. Jackson and Stockdale Mackinaw Itasca Pocahontas Kanawha 452 VESSELS CAPTUEED AKD DEBTEOYBD ClSBB. Name. When cap- tured. Wliere captured. By what vessel. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner.. Schooner.. Schooner. Steamer.. Steamer . . Iron-clad (rebel) Steamer.. Ship. Brig. Schooner.. Schooner.. Schooner.. Sloop Bteamer.. Brig Schooner. . Schooner.. Schooner. Steamer.. Steamer.. Steamer . . Steamer.. Sloop Schooner., Schooner., Schooner., steamer.. Schooner.. Steamer.. Steamer.. Steamer... Steamer... Sloop Sloop Steamer... Schooner . Mary T. Cotton, North Carolina. Nahum Stetson. Napoleon. . . New Island. Newcastle. . . Matilda Mary Agnes.... Matilda. Malta. Mary.... Morgan. . Mab Missoiu'i. 1865 Feb. 11 Feb. 18 Feb. 11 Mar. 3 Mar. 16 Off Pass Cabello, Tex Aransas Pass, Texas Near Pass Cabello, Texas. Bayou Vermillion, Louisiana. Indian river, Fla... Penobscot GUde Pursuit New Eagle.. Nassau Napier Nathan'l Taylor Nellie Nonsuch Neustra Sonora de Regla, Naniope Nashville.. Nicolailst. Neptune... Nellie New Year. Nymph. . . . Natchez.. . Nanjemoy. Nita Neptune. . . June 3 1^61. May 14 June 19 1862. Mar. 14 April 2 May 11 May 15 May July 29 April Sept. 23 Dec. 1 1863 Feb. 28 Mar. 21 April 19 Mar. 29 April 26 April 22 May — July 15 Aug. 17 June 14 Charleston, S. C, Red river Hampton roads. . Mouth of Mississippi Newbem Apalachicola , Lat. 23° N., long, 83' W. Coast of Cuba , "Wilmington Pasquotank river, N, Carolina. Ossabaw Sound, Ga. Bahama Banks Port Royal Fort McAllister.. Cape Fear river. Charleston Port Royal.... Tortugas Coast of Texas Cone river... , Gulf of Mexico...., Lat. 25° N., long. 85 Minnesota Brooklyn, &c. Rowan's expedition Mercedita, &c. Bainbridge Sea Foam State of Georgia, &c. Mount Vernon, &c Commodore Perry, &c. Alabama Tioga General Sherman, &c. Diana Montauk Victoria, &c. Atlantic Block. Squadron South Carolina Sagamore Rachel Seaman Yazoo Pass exped'n. Yankee DeSoto Lackawanna Steamer.. Iron-clad (rebel).. Bark Schooner., 1864. Nutfield Feb. 4 Nan-Nan Feb. 24 Nina Feb. 27 Neptune 'May 6 Night Hawk....; Sept. 29 Neptune Nov. 19 1865. AprU — May 10 Nansemond. Nashville. . . Octavia Olive Branch, . New river inlet. Suwannee river. Indian river.... Tampa bay Off Brazos de Santi- ago, Texas. Richmond, Va. 186L ..Jay 16 Hampton roads.. .. June 23 Mississippi sound... Nita Roebuok Sunflower Nipbon Princess Royal Star Massa'jhusetts FO"R VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 453 Class. Schooner.., Pungy Schooner..., Sloop Name. I Ocean Wave... Ocean Wave..., Olive Osceola , Schooner. .. Schooner.... Sloop Steamer Sloop Bchooner..., Steamer Schooner..., Barkantlne, Schooner... Schooner. » Steamer..., British sch. Olive Branch... Ocilla O. K Old North State. Octavia Orion Ouachita. . Orion Ocean Eagle Odd Fellow., Oliver S. Breeze Oconee Ocean Bird Sloop Eng. schn'r. Schooner... Schooner... Bark Ship Bark Schooner. . , Schooner... Schooner. .. Schooner. . , Schooner.., Schooner.., Sloop , Schooner.., Steamer..., Sloop , Steamer..., Schooner.., Schooner.., Schooner.., Steamer..., Schooner.., Sloop Boat Sloop Schooner.. Steamer... Steamer... Steamer... Sloop, Oscar. O.K. Oramoneta. Oregon. Pioneer Perthshire Pilgrim Petrel Prince Leopold. Prince Alfred . . . Prince of "Wales, P. A. Sanders. . , Palma Pioneer ,. President P. C. Wallis..., Poody Patras Providence Princeton Planter , Post Boy Pathfinder Pointer , Priae , When cap- tured. 1861 Sept. 9 July 18 Nov. 22 Dec. 9 1862. Jan, 21 Tan. 10 Feb. — Mar. 14 April 2 July 24 Oct. 14 Dec. — 1863. Jan. 19 April 15 May 16 Aug. — Oct. 23 1864. May 1 April 27 April 18 Aug. 24 1861. May 25 June 9 June 7 July 28 Aug. 22 Sept. 28 Dec. 24 1862. Mar. 14 Potter Pride Pearl Princess Royal. Peterhoflf Petee Feh. Mar. April May May May June May Mar. Nov. Oct. Dec. 1863 June June June June Feb. Mar. "Where captured. Hatteras inlet Potomac river Mississippi sound. . . • • • • n Coast of Florida. . . . Cedar Keys Newbern A.ppalachicola Lat. 22° N., long. 87' W. Coast of Carolina. . . New Orleans Little River inlet, N. Carolina. Anclote Key Near Savannah Off St. Augustine in- let. Lat. 26° 5' N., long. 83° 20' W. Coast of Florida.... Off St. Augustine, Florida. Biloxi bay By what vessel Hampton i-oads. Gulf of Mexico. Pass a 1' Outre.. Charleston New York Hatteras inlet.. Georgetown Newbern . Rio Grande Mississippi river. Pass Christiana. . Vermillion bay.. Charleston Tortugas banks.. Pamunkey river 3 Potomac river 21 Frying Pan shoals. 20 29' Charleston 25JSt. Thomas lol Pawnee Resolute New London, &c. King-fisher, &c. Hatteras Santiago de Cuba Rowan's expedition Merccdita Quaker City Memphis Calhoun Admiral Farragut'g fleet Monticello Two Sisters Norfolk packet Fox, tender to S. Jacinto Union Beauregard Narcissus Minnesota. Massachusetts. Brooklyn. St. Lawrence. ( ollector of the port Susquehanna Gem of the Sea Rowan's expedition Portsmouth Owasco Hatteras, «fec. Hatteras Bienville Susquehanna Currituck Vessels in sounds of N. Carolina Penobscot Reliance Octorara Currituck Chocura Tioga Unadilla, &c. Vanderbilt Gem of the Sea 454 VESSELS capturi:d and destroyed Class. Name. Schooner.. . Schooner. . . Steamer Steamer.... Steamer.... Steamer Steamer.... Sloop I Steamer.... Schooner . . . Schooner... Schooner... Small boat. . Steamer Sloop Schooner... Sloop Steamer Rebel steam. Ram Schooner . . . Sloop Schooner... Schooner... Schooner. .. Ai-med rebel schooner. . Sloop Schooner... Schooner... Schooner . . . Schooner.. . Schooner... Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner.. . Steamer.... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Brig Schooner... Schooner... Schooner. . . Bloop *, Paoifique.... Pushmataha.... Planter. . . Powerful . Phantom . Presto . Pet.... Per sis Pevensey... Pocahontas. Prince Albert. . , Pancha Larispa, Peep O'Day.... Petrel Pickwick Pet Phantom Philadelphia. . . . Patrick Henry . Qu'n of the West Ring Dove.... Richard Lacey. Remittance .... Revere Reindeer Royal Yacht... Rattler , Reindeer .... R. C. Files.. Rebecca Rowcna Rich'd O. Bryan Resolution... Reindeer.... Reliance Rambler .... Rising Sun Revere Robert Bruce . . Reindeer Racer Rising Dawn.., Richards •»•••» When cap- tured. 1863 Mar. 27 June 13 June 15 Where captured. By what vessel. St. Mark's Tortugas Lat.27° N., lont;-. 86' W Dec. 20 Suwannee river.... Sept. 23 1864. I Feb. 2 Feb. IG Mar. 12 June 9 July Oct. 29 Oct. 27 Near Rich inlet, N, Carolina Dec. 1.5 Dec. 6 1865. Feb. 7 Mar. 3 Jan. — April — 1863. April — 1861. July 16 Aug. 28 Sept. 10 Nov. 7 1862. Jan. 10 April 2 April 20 May 29 June 6 June 4 April 4 July 9 July 21 Sept. 5 Oct. 11 Oct. 22 Sept 17 Oct. 30 1863. Jan, 10 J^eh. I Sullivan's island.... Off Lockwood's Fol- ly inlet Off Wassaw sound, Ga Off Charleston, S. C. Off Velasco, Texas.. Near Indian river, Fla New inlet, N. C Coast of Florida Galveston bay Suwannee rivi'r.. . . Sounds of N. Car.. Richmond, Va Red river, Ark. Eastern Sliore, Md. Potomac rivei- Beaufort, N. C. Galveston. Cedar Keys.... Appalachicola .. Potomac river.. Mobile Charleston Stono inlet Coast of Texas. . Pass Christian.. Coast of Texas.. Lat. 28° N., long. 94" W Cape Fear river. . . Shallot inlet, N. C. New inlet, N. C... Bocos Grande i Sweet Stars and Stripes Sunflower Lackawanna Fox, tender to S. Ja- cinto Connecticut Lehigh and others Montgomery Massachusetts and others Newborn Azalia and Brier S. Atlantic Blockad- ing squadron Sciota Pursuit Sunflower Boat expedition Honeysuckle Estrella, &c. Potomac flotilla Thomas Freeborn Yankee Cambridge Dart Expedition froiE Santee Hatteras Mercedita, &c. Potomac flotilla Kanawha Bienville Pawnee and others Rhode Island Hatteras Arthur Huntsville Connecticut Wyandank Monticello, &c. Penobscot "W. G. Anderson Daylight Octorara 3:wo Sister* FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 455 Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what veseel. Schooner. . Steamer.... Sloop Sloop Sloop Schooner... Schooner... Schooner . . . Schooner... Steamer .... Ram Sloop Schooner... Sloop Schooner. . . Schooner... Sloop Schooner. .. Steamer.... British sch.. Mexican sch Schooner... Steamer. . . . Sloop Schooner... Sloop Sloop Steamer. . . . British sch., British st'r. Sloop, Sloop Steamer... Schooner.., Iron-clad, rebel. Iron-clad, rebel. Brig Schooner.. Schooner.. Bark Schooner . . Bark Schooner.. Rowena , Rose Hamilton. Relanpagi , Rosalie , Ranger E,ising Dawn.. Royal Yacht. . . Ripple., Rapid R. J. Lockland Republic Richard Vaux. Rebekah Fei.. Mar. Mar. Mar. April May April May Relempago Revenge Renshaw Richard Robert Knowlee R. E. Lee, for- merly Giraffe. Ring Dove Raton del Nilo. Rosita. . . Roebuck. Ranger. Racer Rebel Rosina Resolute Rose R. S. Hood. Rouen. Eacer . . . Reliance. Ruby Rob Roy Richmond. Roanoke R. H. Vermilyea Soledad Cos Sarah and Mary Star Savannah Sallie M agee Sally Mears.. .. June June July July July Aug. Sept. Nov. Dec. Dec. 1864. Jan. 28 Jan. 7 Jan. 11 Jan. 31 Feb. 29 April 13 May 12 June 2 June 9 July 2 Aug. 2 Nov. 9 1865. Feb. 27 Mar. 2 April — April — Mar. 12 Carson's landing.. . . Chai-lotteharbor,Fla Lat. 26° N., long. 76' W Crystal river New inlet Galvebton Mobile Gulf of Mexico Yazoo City Potomac river Lat. 27°N.,loig.83"^ , W I Lat. 25° N., long. 82' W Calcasieu Washington, N. C. Charlotte harbor. . . New Era Conestoga, &c. J. S. Chambers Octorara Fort Henry, &c. Mount Vernon, Ac W. G. Anderson Kanawha De Soto Yazoo Pass exped'n Primrose J. S. Chambers JaBmine Owasco Louisiana Gem of the Sea Coeur de Leon James Adger Oft' "Wilmington. Oif Indian river, Fla Roebuck East of Padre island, (New London Gulf Lat. 26° 23' N.; long. 83° 59' W. Near Lockwood's Folly inlet. Off Cape Canaveral. Indian river San Luis Pass... Cape Canaveral. Off Georgetown . Lat. 28° 2' N. ; long 77° W. Lat. 32° 50' N. ; long 75° 40' W. Off Bull's Bay , Mobjack bay, Va.. At sea Steinhntchie river, Fla. Richmond, Va •••• ») Lat. 27° N., long. 1861. Sept. 11 Galveston. May 11 Hampton roads. May 17i.... „ June 3 Charleston June 26 Hampton roads. July l!.... „ "Western Metropolis San Jacinto Minnesota and oth- ers Beauregard Roebuck Virginia Beauregard "Wamsutta Proteus Keystone state Hope Stepping Stoaes Proteus Fox Quaker City South Carolina Cumberland Minnesota Perry •Quaker City I Minnesota 456 VESSELS CAPTURED AJSTD DESTEOTED Glass. Schooner., Schooner., Bark Schooner., Schooner.. Schooner., Schooner., Steamer... Schooner... Schooner., Schooner., Schooner. . Schooner.. Schooner.. Steamer... Schooner.. Schooner. . Schooner. . Schooner.. Schooner.. Schooner... Schooner.. Steamer... Sloop Steamer.. Steamer.. Schooner . Steamer . . Steamer.. Steamer.. Steamer.. Steamer.. Steamer . . Steamer.. Steamer.. Sloop Steamer.. Bark Sloop Steamer.. Steamer.. Steamer.. Schooner., Bark Schooner. Schooner . Schooner. Name. Sam Houston. Sliark Solferino Sarah Starr... Susan Jane... San Juan Specie Salvor Somerset. .. . S. T. G.nrrison.. Sarah & Carol'e Stephen Hart.. Stag Star ''-'ea Bird Spitfire Sarah A. Fal- coner. Sarah Ann.. Sidney C. Jones Sea Foam , Southern Inde pendence. Sarah Stettin Swan Sarah Sovereign Sumter Sereta , Sarah Sarah Susan Ann HoW' ard. Scuppernong.., Sabine S. C. Jones , Southerner Sunbeam Swan Scotia Sophia W. Green . . , Southern Mer- chant. St. Charles. Sallie Robixison, Silas Henry.... Stonewall Springbok Sue Surprise . When cap- tured. Where captured. 1861 July July June 26; Aug. 3i Sept. 10 Sept. 28 Oct. 12 Oct. 13 June 8 De'c."ii 1862. Jan. 29 Jan. 10 Feb. 8 Feb. — Mar. — Mar. 14 April — By what vesseL Galveston j South Carolina Eattlesnake shoals "Wilmington Hatteras inlet.... Lat. 3rN.,long. W. Tortugas Mar^land Vandalia, &c. [Wabash [Pawnee 'Susquehanna Dale St. John's river. Keystone State Resolute Louisiana Bienville April 10 May 1 May 24 May June June June June June Mar. June April Aug. Sept. Sept. Feb. Oct. Nov. jf^ov. Dec. Lat. 24° N., long. 82° Supply W. \ Cedar keys Bayou Lafourche. . . Roanoke island "West coast of Fla. . . Newbern Hatteras De Soto Rowan's expedition Ethan Allen Rowan's expedition Potomac river Potomac flotilla Off Mobile. Bull's bay.. Charleston. Lat. 23° N., long. 82° W. Coast of Cuba... Alemphis 1863. Jan. 19 Jan. 8 Feb. 20 Feb. 3 Mar. 30 Mar. 13 Shallow inlet, N. C. Charleston Berwick bay Newbern Indian Town, N. C. Cone river New inlet, N. C Coast of Texas Bull's bay Masonborough inlet New Orleans, La. Kanawha Onward Bienville Bainbridge, &c. Sea Foam Western flotilla )> Penobscot Keystone State, &C. Hatteras Vessels in soimds ol N. Carolina General Putnam Wyandank State of Georgia, Arthur Restless Daylight, &c. T. A. Ward Diana Admiral Farragut'i Tahoma Point Rosa, Florida. Julia, &o. Lat. 25° N., long. 73° Sonoma W. Little River inlet. . . Monticello Lat. 26° N., long. 83° Himtsvill* W. ' FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 457 Class. Steamer. . . . Schooner... Schooner.. . Schooner... Schooner . . . Schooner... Sloop Steamer.... Steamer.. . . Schooner., . . Schooner.... Schooner.. . . Schooner.. . . Sloop Schooner. . . . Schooner Steamer Steamer.... Steamer. . . . Steamer.... British bark British sch.. Bark British sch En* sch'ner Schooner.... Steamer.... Steamer. . . . Schooner... Steamer.... Name. St. John's St. George Samuel First. . . Sarah Lavinia. Sea Bird Sea Lion.... Secesh Scotland Star of the West Star Sea Drift Statesman Sarah Southern Star.. Southern Rights Shot Su- William Peel St. Mary's SpauldiEg.... .. May 30 June 22 June 6 May 28 Aug. 6 Aug. 8 Aug, — Scottish Chief.. Saxon Sallie Science Silvanus. Susan.... Swift.... St. Mary', Spunky.. Stingray. Scotia... Schooner... Sophia... Schooner... Sylphide Sloop Swallow. Spunky.. Siren.,... Schooner.... Steamer.... Sloop Steamer. . . . Behooner.... Schooner... Steamer. . . . Schooner... Steamer. . . . Steamer.... Schooner.. . Schooner. . . Brig Rebel stm'r Rebel stm'r Schooner.... Schooner. . . . Schooner.... Sarah Mary. Selma Sea Witch. Sybil Susanna. Sorts Stag Syren. Salvador Sort Sar. M. Newhall Shrapnell Spray When cap- tured. 1861 April 18 April 22 May 6 May 8 May 13 May 9 May 15 May 24 Where captured. Cape P^omain inlet.. Port Fisher, N. C... Potomac river Cui-ritoman river. . . Lat. 29° N., long. 87° W. Mobile Charleston Oct. 8 Oct. 16 Oct 30 Dec. 20 Nov. 5 1864. Jan. 2 Jan. 11 Feb. 9 Feb. 29 Mar. 1 Mar. 3 Mar. 9 Mar. 20 April 7 June 5 June Aug. Dec. 31 Nov. 21 Nov. 27 Dec. 10 1865 Jan. 19 Feb. 18 Feb. 25 Feb. 28 April — Brazos Santiago. . . , Matagorda island. . Tampa, Florida... Great Wicomico... St. Martin's reef. . . Gilbert's bar Off Rio Grande Yazoo City Lat. 31° N., long. 80° W. Tampa bay Coast of Africa Off Wilmington Off Rio Grande Doboy sound, Ga. . . Oft' Jupiter inlet. . . . Wassaw sound..... St. John's river Fort Caswell, N. C . . Off Velasco. Texas. . Lat. 32° 34' W., long. 77° 18' W. Altamaha sound, Ga. Off Coast of Texas. Off Elbow Light Off Cape Canaveral. South of Cape Look- out. Mosquito inlet Mobile bay Lat. 27° N. W. By what vessel. long. Theresa C Tropic Wind. Tros Freres. . . 1861. May 4 May 20 June 23 Off Campeachy b'ks Anclote keys Cape Fear river. Charleston, S. C. At sea Cedar keys, Fla.. S. A. squadron.. Ptichmond, Va.. . nampton roads. Mississippi sound... Stettin Mount Vernon, «fco. Dragon Primrose . De Soto Aroostook, «fcc. Canandaigua Yazoo Pass exped'n Brooklyn Itasca. Tahoma Satellite Fort Henry Sagamore Seminole Mississippi squadr'n Union Tahoma and Adela Vanderbilt Connecticut Owasco & Vu-ginia Huron Roebuck Patapsco Norwich and others Penobscot Connecticut Dan Smith & others Virginia Tioga Beauregard Keystone State 1 Norfolk packet W. Gulf blockading squadron Metacomet Iosco Metacomet 0. H. Lee Malvern & others Gladiolus & others Marigold Honeysuckle Cumberland Minnesota Massachusetts 458 VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTEOYED ClaBS. Name. "When cap- tured. "WTiere captured. By what vesseL Schooner. . Schooner.., Schooner.., Sloop Ship Sloop , Span, hark., Schooner... Steamer. . . . Schooner..., Tug , Schooner.. . , Sloop , Schooner.. . , Schooner..., Schooner. . , Steamer..,, Schooner... Schooner... Schooner.. Schooner.. Steamer.... Steamer.... Span. bark.. British sloop Schooner... Steamer.... Steamer.... Eng. sch'ner Rebel ram.. Schooner.. Sloop Rebel ram Steamer. . . Schooner. Schooner • Steamer. . . Tom Hicks T. J. Chambers. Teaser r. J. Evans Thomas Watson T. W. Riley.... Teresita Theo. Stoney... 1861 July 9 Galveston. Tubal Cain. July 5 Sept. 1 Oct. 15 Nov. 6 1862. Jan. 30 Feb. 14 July 24 Telegraph Teaser Troy Thomas Reilly. Two Sisters. . . . Theresa Potomac river . . . Chesapeake bay.. Charleston Rappahannock river Yucatan bank Bull's bay , Lat. 31° N., long. 78' W. Trier... Tobacco, 4 boxes Tuly 4 Aug. 13 Oct. — Sept. 21 Sept. 4 Oct. 28 James river , Sahine Pass , Quantico Creeli Rio Grande Lat. 28° N., long. 93< W. South Carolina >> Dana >» Roanoke, &c. Cambridge Kingfisher Restless Octorara Maratanza Kensington Freeborn Albatross W. G. Anderson Tennessee. Time.... Theresa. Tampico Three Brothers. Turpentme, 11 barrels. Tom Sugg Three Brothers. Teresita Two Brothers... Three Brothers. Tristr'm Shandy Thistle Terrapin. . . Tennessee. 1863. Jan. 19 Jan. 23 Mar. 16 Mar. 3 Aug. 17 July 24 July — Oct. 21 Nov. — 1864. Feb. 25 April 11 May 15 June 4 July 10 Aug. 5 1865. Jan. — Mobjack bay New Orleans, La. . Sagamore Crusader New inlet Lat. 27° N., long. 83° W. Sabine Pass. . , Great Wicomico.... Cape Canaveral.... Tensas river Potomac river Near Rio Grande.. Off Indian river.... Homasassa river. . . . Lat. 34° 6' N., long. 77° 27' W. Lat. 32° 38' N., long. 75° 55' W. Off Indian riv. inlet. Mobile bay. Triumph... Telemico 'Mar. Texas. Torpedo.., Transport Union.... Uncle Mose. Union Mar. Mar. Perquimon's river, N, Carolina. Lat. 25° N.; long. 96° W. Richmond, Va Richmond, Ya.. Charleston, S. C. 1861. June 5 1862. July 7 Aug. 25 Coast of Yucatan . , . Lat. 23° N.; long. 85' W. Admiral Farragut's fleet Cambridge H. Hudson Cayuga, &c. Satellite Sagamore Mississippi squadr'n Currituck & Fuchsia Granite City Roebuck Nita Kansas Fort Jackson Roebuck "W. Gulf blockading squadron Wyalusing Quaker City Part of N. A. B squadron Harriet Lane Tahoma J. S. Chambers FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKAI^E. 459 Class. Steamer. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Sloop , Schooner., Steamer... Sciiooner. , Steamer... Sloop , Steamer.. . Steamer... Brig British soli Steamer. . . . Rehel iron clad Schooner.... Schooner... Bark Yacht Schooner.. . Schooner. Sloop Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner.. Schooner. Schooner. Steamer. . Schooner. Sloop Sloop Steamer.. PchOOBAT . Name. When cap- tured. 1863, Union May 19 1861 July 4 July 18 Dec. 26 Venus. . Velasco Venus.. Victoria. Victoria. Venus . . . Volaiite. Victoria. Venture. Velocity. Virginia. Vesta Victoria . Victoria. Victory. . Venus... Volante . Volante. Vesta , Vixen... Virginia. William & Jcihn "William Henry. "Winifred "Wanderer "William H. Nor- throp. "Wyfe or N"ye. . . William H. Mid dleton. Wave Feb. 1 Wandoo Feb. 14 William Mallory May 5 Wave April 19 W. C. Bee April 23 Winter Shrub. . , May 21 "Whlteman iMay 6 Will o' the Wisp! June 3 Water Witch... May 5 Wave iJune 27 Wilson jJuly 9 William July 1 Dec. 1862. April 10 May 15 July 2 July 12 June 19 Sept. 30 1863, Jim. 18 Feb. 28 May 28 May 30 June 21 Oct. 21 Nov. 5 1864. Jan. 12 Dec. 1 1865. Mar. — 1861. May 15 May 25 May 14 Dec. 25 1862. Jan. 10 Where captui-ed. Lat.27°N.;long,85< W. Galveston Coast of N. Carolina Lat.28° N.; long. 93° W. Point Isabel Mobile Lake PoLchartrain. Georgetown, S. C . . , Lat. 26°]Sr.: long. 76' W. Mobile bay Mugue's island Piney Point Havana Point Isabel Lat. 25° N.; long. 75' W. New inlet, N. C... . Off Rio Grande Otf Cape Canaveral. Between Tubb's riv- er and Little inlet, N. Carolina. Lat. 32° N.; long. 78° W. Richmond, Va. By what vessel Huntsville South Carolina Albatross Rhode Island Santiago do Cuba Kanawha Calhoun Gem of the Sea, &c. Mercedita Morning Light Crocker's expedition Wachusett Wyandank Tuniata Brooklyn Santiago de Cuba Nansemond Owasco & Virginia Beauregard Rhode Island Hampton roads. Cape Henry. Key West... Cape Fear... Cedar keys. Minnesota Quaker City Crusader Femandina Hatteras Boca Chico Portsmouth Bull's bay i Restless St. Andrew's bay . . . [Water Witch Georgetown I G. W. Blunt Santiago de Cuba Keel's creek, N. C . . I Hunchback, &c. Lake Pontchartrain. ' Calhoun. Mississippi sound. Hamilton, N, C... Sabine lake, La... Montgomery Currituck, &c Bohio. Com'dore Perry, «o. De Soto 460 VESSELS CAPTURED AKD DESTEOYEB Class. Name. When cap- tured. Schooner. . Schooner. . Schooner. . Schooner. . Sloop Schooner... Steamer.... Steamer.... Scliooner.. , Schooner.... Schooner... Steamer.... Schooner... British sch. Steamer.... British sch. Schooner. . . Steamer.... Schooner.... Schooner. . . . Steamer Schooner.... Steamer..., Tng Rebel priv'r schooner. British slo'p Steamer... "West Florida "Wat(>r Witch Wave Water Witch Wm. E. Chester Wm. TI .Harrison Wm. A. Knapp. White Cloud... Wave Queen. . . . Wanderer W. Y. Leitch... Sloop. Schooner Schooner Schooner. . . Bloop. Sept. 27 Nov. 4 Aug. 24 Nov. 20 1863. Jan. 24 Wonder Wm. Bagley... Wave William. Warrior. William. Wm. A. Kain... Wild Dayrell. Wm. Douglass Wild Pigeon.. Wando Watchful. Will o' the Wisp Winona Young America York Young Racer. Young Republic Yankee Doodle. Zeland . Zavala . Zulima . Zouave. Zion. 1862 Corpus Christi Ai'izoua Pass. Feb. 25 May 2 April 20 May 13 July 18 Aug. 22 Oct. 28 Aug. 16 1864, Jan. 13 Jan. 22 Feb. 1 Feb. 15 Mar. 21 Oct. 21 Sept. 27 186.5. Feb. Jan. 21 1861 April 24 Aug. 1864, Jan. 14 May June 10 1861 Nov. 21 Oct. 1864. Nov. Where captured. By what vessel. Niirth Santee. Lat. 20° N.; long. 76' W. Port Royal, S. C. . . , Lat. 26° N.; long. 96" W. Lat.26°N.;long. 86' W. Oflf Suwannee river. St. Andrew's bay... Stump inlet, N. C... San Luis Pass Florida coast Lat. 33° 5' K ; long. 76° 40' W. Lat. 28' 46' N.; long, 90° 53' W. Oflf Galveston, Texas Mississippi Squadr'n Hampton Roads.. . . Cape Hatteras Near Jupiter's inlet. Lat. 32° 10' N.; long. 78°49' W. Entrance to Pearl river, Miss. Off Tampico bay Vermillion bay Kensington, &0. Arthur E. B. Hale Corj'pheuB Montgomery New Era Conemaugh Saciainento Octorara Wabash, &c. Dc Soto, &c. Cayuga Mercedita Gertrude Two Sisters, tender to San Jacinto Restless Norwich, &c. "Virginia Hendiick Hudson Fort Jackson Arkansas Cumberland Union Roebuck Grand Gulf Elk Connecticut Huntsville New London Mississippi squadr'A Adolph Hugel FOB VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 461 MISCELLANEOUS CAPTURES. Description. When cap- tured. Where captured. Schooner. Schooner. Schooner. Schoonef.. Sloop Schooner . Schooner., Schooner . Bark Schooner Sail-boat Launch Ferry scow 1 iron windlass 5 barrels of lard, &c. Schooner Schooner New gnnboat Schooner Schooner Schooner Schooner Schooner 2 fishing schooners.. 9 fishing sloops Schooner Schooner Sloop Schooner Schooner Schooner Schooner Schooner Schooner Schooner Schooner Steamer Steamer Steamer Steamer Schooner Bark Schooner, (supposed to be Monticello.) Long gig Launch Schooner 1,200 bars railroad iron. Steamer Mar. 21 1861 ! Dec. 11 1 Off St. John's river, Fla. 28 Potomac river 5 Chincoteague inlet 11 Quantico creek 161 Potomac river 15 St. Lone bar Pass Cavallo St. Andrew's , May .Oct. . Oct. .'Aug. . Nov. Dec. 15 1862. Jan. 24 Jan. 23 Jan. 10 Mar. 14 Feb. 10 Jan. 22 Feb. — Feb. 12 April April April May April June Mar. June June May May July Mobile bar. Roanoke, N. C Elizabeth City. Edenton, N. C. Isle au Pied. Fernandina Sullivan's island. Rappahannock river. Coast of South Carolina, Bull's bay Light-house inlet Cedar keys Memphis'.. Near Sabine river Table land of Mariel , Fort Morgan , "West Point, Virginia.. Coppohosal Coast of Texas St. Simon's sound, Ga. Newbem, N. C By what vessel. Bienville Resolute Louisiana Union Yankee Sam Houston Arthur Bienville Mercedita, &c. HuntsvUle Hatteras Naval expedition Commodore Perry Ariel . Rowan's expedition Louisiana, &c. Lieut. Jefifer's expedition New London S. Atlantic Blockading Squadron Jacob Bell, &c. Hatteras Hmon )> Alabama Santiago de Cuba Tahoma Santiago Cuba Amanda Kanawha Corwin, &c. Rhode Island Naval expedition >> Delaware 462 VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED Description. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. Sloop Schooner Sloop Sloop A wharf boat Schooner A.* old launch Three boats One seven-oarr'dboat Metaliclife-boat Two canoes Three boats One seine boat Schooner Brig Schooner Bark Pilot schooner Schooner Schooner Vessel on stncks.... Schooner Schooner Schooner Scows and boats Two sloops Schooner Flat-bottomed boat. Launch Two sloops Sloop Nine boats Fifteen boats Five boats Sloop Eight boats Scow Lighter Boat Sloop Sloop Bark Bark Scow Sloop Kebel vessel, (bldg.) Rebel vessel, (bldg.) Rebel vessel, Cbldg.) Rebel vessel, (bldg.) Rebel vessel, (bldg.) Canoe- Sloop Four clinker-built boats. Two small boats. Two canoes Nine canoes Three boats 1862 Aug. 11 Aug. 12 July 10 July 29 Sept. 26 Oct. 1 Oct. 3-5 Oct. 9 Oct. 17 Oct. 24 Nov. 1 Nov. 16 Nov. 17 Nov. 19 Nov. 4 Oct. 21 Nov. 25 Nov. 23 Potomac river. . Sturgeon creek. Eunice New inlet, N. C. Quant CO creek.. Masonborough inlet. Shallow inlet Masonborough inlet. Nassau river North river East river. Nov. Nov. Nov. Dec. Dec. New inlet.., Floro creek 13ell river.. York river. Dec. 20 Dec. •— Dec. 20 Jan. Indian river, Fla. "White House Arthur Pittsburg State of Georgia Eureka. T. A. Ward Jacob Bell Potomac river Matthew Vassar Freeborn Jan. 18 Nc's^'port News, Va Jan. 19 Capttu-e of New Orleans. Jan. 13 Dividing creek, Va. Jan. 20 Chuckatuck creek.. Jan. 23 .... „ T. A. Ward Cambridge Daylight Cliocura E. B Hale General Putnam, &c Crusader Mt. Vernon, &c. Dan Smiih Calhoun Sagamore Mahaska, &c. Diana Octorara Mahaska Minnesota, &c. Admiral Farragut's fleet Currituck Commodore Morris Jan. 20 Indian creek Currituck Jan. 25 Tabb's creek ] „ Jan. 24- Potomac river George Mangham 25. ' I FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 463 Description. Schooner. Sloop Two boats. Schooner . . Canoe Schooner.. Schooner.. School er.. Brig Sloop Wharf bo:i I Sloop Schooner. . Schooner.. Six vessels, &c.... Steamer " 35th Par- allel" Schooner , Two transports. Monster ram Horses and "Wagons, Fishing scow Schooner Flat-boat Sloop boat Scow boat Skiff and flat Barge Flat Sloop boat , Schooner Sloop , Sloop Canoe Flat-boat Lot of Merchandise, Dry-goods and shoes Four canoes 4 schooners 11 bbs. of turpeuti Schooner Schooner Schooner Schooner and launch Row-boat 3 rolls bagging.. . Scow Scow Sloop Schooner Steamer Schooner Schooner Schooner Sloop Steamer When cap- tured. "Where captured. By what vessel 1863 Jan. 21 Topsail inlet [Daylight Feb. 12 George Mangham Jan. 20 Commodore Morris Feb. 9 Dan Smith Feb. 2 Topsail iulet Mt. "Vernon Mar. 13 Cceur de Leon Mar. 2 Mosquito inlet Sagamore Mar. 24 Boat expedition April 19 Charleston April 10 Pabir.e Pass New London April 8 "VTarrenton Hartford April 24 "Wassaw sound, Ga Cimmaron May 2 Eich inlet Perry. May 14 Urbana, Va CuiTituck, &c. May 20 Charleston May 1-8 "Western "World, &c. Yazoo Pass expedition May 10 Morrell's inlet Conemaugh, &c. May — Yazoo Pass expedition May 20 Yazoo City Naval expedition Mississippi squadron May 30 Brooklyn June 24 June 9 June 1 June 10 June 2 May 14 May 30 July — July 3 July 6 July 13 July n July 20- 2L July 8-9 July 24 July 8 July 9 June 22 July 14 June 24 July 19 July 8 Sept. 28 June 30 Oct. — Oct. 7 Mantau river, Fla ■Wiihlacoochee river, Fla "Withlacoochee river, Fla Crystal river, Fla Wacassassa bay White House Cumberland Charlotte harbor, Fla. Eappahannock river. Charles county, Md. Dividing creek, Va.. Coast of Texas . Coast of Texas Neuse river. Old Haven creek. Coast of Louisiana, o'ff Sabine Pass Dec. 31 Matagorda bay Granite City, &c. Tahoma Fort Henry Shokokon Commodore Morris Restless Yankee, &c. Coeur de Leon Currituck Sciota De Soto Sciota Boat expedition Annie Tahoma Fort Henry Restless Currituck Cayuga 464 VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED Description. Sloop boat. Schooner Twelve oyster boats. Boat Sloop. Sliitf Schooner Schooner Schooner Two canoes Schooner Twenty -two boats.. Twenty-six small boats. Large barge Seven boats (blclg,). Three boats Where captured. Steamer Sail-boat Twenty-two boats. Nine boats Rosin Turpentine Sugar Railroad iron Sugar Bacon Horses Wheat Tobacco Schooner Four scows Rifles— 9 Rifles, &c Schooner Sloop boat Sloop Schooner. Steamer.. Steamer.. Mar. 11 Feb. 8 Feb. 23 Mar. 28 April 18 May lo July Aug. Sept. Oct. Boat Steamer Cargo of sloop, name unknown. Rebel torpedo boat 3 rebel torjiedo boats One lighter Iron, cables, anch'rs, &c. Flat-boat Machinery, &c... Indian river, Fla . . . . Morrell's inlet, S. C. York river Lat. 24° N. ; long. 83° W, Caney creek, Texas Running from Va. to Md. Matagorda bay Up tlie Rappahannock.. . Turkey creek Lat. 27° 41' N. ; long. 78= 54' W. Off Charleston Potomac river Mar. 11 Mar. 11 Mar 16 Mar. 21 April 18 July 28 June 30 Aug. 5 Aug. 24 Nov. 21 Oct. 24 Nov. 5 Nov. 29 Dec. 3 Dec. 27 1865. Jan. 27 Feb. 4 Feb. 27 Piankatank river. . . Up St. John's river. Up Rappahannock. By what veesel. Roebuck Nipsic Morse San Jacinto Queen Dragon Estrella Potomac flotilla Commodore Perry Magnolia Katskill Primrose Potomac flotilla Pawnee's launch Pawnee and others Potomac flotilla Gates ville, N. C Whitehead Mobile Glasgow Mobile bay W. G. B. squadron Masonboro' inlet Niphon Bruinsburg, Miss I Avenger Tampa bay, Fla iNita Otf Little Malco, Fla iRosalie Off Charleston, S. C jPatapsco Decross's Point, Texas.. ! Itasca Off Cape Fear river Emma and others Western bar jMonticello Manitec river ! Ino and Ariel Beach inlet, S. C Wamsulta, &c. Wando river, S. C Jonquil and others April 6 April Columbus Charleston, S. C. Wilmington, N. C Windmill Point, Va .... Richmond, Va Mercnry N. A. B. squadron The number of tlie prizes adjudicated to this date (Jan. 27, 1867), is seven hundred and tliirly. The total amount of mi)ne^ FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCBLiDE. 465 involved — including that for distribution to the captors, and that which is passed to the credit of the United States — is about $25,000,000. Payment has already been made to nearly ten thousand different claimants, in sums varying from twenty-five cents to thirty -eight thousand dollars. There still remain to be adjudi- cated about six hundred prizes, tlie most of which wUl probably be condemned and the proceeds paid to the captors. 30 ONION VESSELS OAPTUEED OR DESTROl ED DIFFERENT CONFEDERATE PRIVATEERS. BY THE ALABAMA. Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons Alertbark.. New London Sept 9, 18G2.. 391 Altamaha, brig Sippican Sept. 1 3, 1 862 . . 300 Amanda, bark Manilla Oct. 6, 18i^3.. 595 Amazonian, bark New York June 2, 1 863 ... 48 1 A. F. Schmidt, ship ... St Thomas Julv 2, 1 863 . . . 784 Ariel, steamer New York Dec. 7, 18ti2. . . 1295 Avon, ship TTowland's Island Mar. 29, 1 804. . . 930 B'n de Castine, brig. . . Castine Oct. 29, 1862 ... 267 Benj. Tucker, ship New Bedford Sept. 14, 1 862 . . . 800 B. Thayer, ship Callao Mar. 1, 1863... 8^6 BriDiant, ship New York Oct. 3, 1862 .. . 839 Charles Hill, ship Liverpool Nov. 25, 1863. . . 699 Cnastelain, brig Guadaloupe Jan. 27, 1 803 . . . 240 Conrad, bark Montevideo June 20, 1863 . . 347 Contest, ship Yokohama Nov. 11, 1863. ..1()98 Corsair, schr Provincetown . . . Sept. 13, 1802. . . 200 Crenshaw, schr New York Oct. 23, 1 802. . . 278 Dorcas Prince, ship. . . New York April 20, 1 8r.3 . . . 699 Dunkirk, brig New York Oct. — , 1803 . . . 298 E. Dunbar, bark New Bedford Sept. 18, lh62 ... 300 E. Farnham, ship Portsmouth Oct. 3, 1862 ... 1 1 19 Emma Jane, ship Bombay Jan. 14, 1804... 1096 Express, ship Callao July 6, 1S63. . .1072 Golden Eagle, ship.. . .Howland's Island Feb. 21, 18r.3. . . 1273 Golden Rule, bark New York Jan. 26, 1863. . . 250 Har't Spaulding, bark .New York. Nov. 1 8, 1863 . . . 299 Hatteras, gunboat Galveston Jan. 13, 1803... 800 Henrietta, bark Baltimore , 1863. . . 439 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 467 «ame of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons. Highlander, ship Singapore Dec. 26, 1 863 ... 1 149 Jabez Snow, ship ^ew York Mar. 25, 186:^. .1070 John A. Park, ship.. . .New York Mar. 2, 1863. . . 1050 Justina, bark Rio Janeiro May 25, 1863. , . 400 Kate Cory, brig Westport April 15, 1868... 125 Kingfisher, schr Fairhaven Mar. 23, 1863 ... 125 Lafayette, ship New York Oct. 23, 1862... 945 Lafayette, bark New Bedford AprU 15, 1863 .. . 300 Lamplighter, bark New York Oct. 15, 1862. . . 279 Loretta, bark New York Oct. 28, 1862 ... 284 Levi Starbuck, ship. . .New Bedford Nov. 2, 1862. . . 376 Louisa Hatch, ship.. , .Cardiff , 1863. . . 835 Manchester, ship New York Oct. 11, 1862 . . . 1075 Martha WenzeU, bark . Akyab Aug. 9, 1 b63 . . . 578 Martaban, ship Maulmain Dec. 24, 1863 ... 807 Morning Star, ship Calcutta Mar. 23, 1 863 ... 1 105 Nora, ship Liverpool Mar. 25, 1863 ... 800 Nye, bark New Bedford April 24, 1863. . . 300 Ocean Rover, bark. . . . Mattapoisett Sept. 8, 1862 ... 766 Ocmulgee. ship Edgartown. Sept. 6, 1 862 . . • 300 Olive Jane, bark Bordeaux Feb. 21, 1863. . . 300 Oneida, ship Shanghae April 24, 1863 .. . 420 Palmetto, schr New York Feb. 3, 1863. . . 172 Parker Cook, bark Boston Nov. 30, 1862. . . 130 Punjaub, ship Calcutta Mar. 15, 1863. . . 760 Rockingham, ship Callao AprU 28, 1864. . . 976 Sea Bride, bark New York Aug. 5, 1863 .. . 447 Sea Lark, ship Boston May 3, 1863. . . 974 S. Gildersleeve, ship. . .Sunderland May 25, 1863 : . 847 Sonora, ship Singapore .Dec. 26, 1863. . . 707 Starlight, schr Fayal Sept. 7, 1 862 . . . 205 Talisman, ship New York June 5, 1863. . .1239 T. R. Wood, ship Calcutta Nov. 8, 1863. . . 599 Tonawanda, ship Philadelphia Oct. 9, 1 862 ... 1300 Tycoon, bark New York , 735 Union Jack, bark New York May 3, 1863... 300 Virginia, bark New Bedford Sept. 1 7, 1 863 ... 300 Washington, ship. .. ..Callao Feb. 27, 1863... 1655 Wave Crest, bark New York Oct. 7, 1862. . . 409 Weather Gauge, schr.. Provincetown Sept. 4, 1862... 200 Winged Racer, ship. . .Manilla Nov. 10, 1863. . .1767 BY THE SHENANDOAH. Abigail, bark New Bedford May 25, 1865 .. . 375 Adelaide, bark Boston Oct. 13, 1864. . . 437 Alina, bark Newport, Eng Oct. — , 1864 ... 47C 468 THE NATIONAL nAND-BOOK. Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons. Brunswick, bark New Bedford June — , 1 8h5 . . . 226 Catharine, bark New Bedford June 26, 1865 .. . 226 Charter Oak, schr Boston . Oct. — , 1864. . . 140 Congress 2d, bark New Bedford June 28, 1865 .. . 375 Covington, bark Warren, R. I June 28, 1865. . . 300 Delpliine, bark London Jan. 1 3, 1 865 . . . 698 D. Godfrey, bark Boston Dec. — , 1864 .. . 299 Edward, bark New Bedford Dec. 4, 1864. . . 420 Edward Cary, bark .. .San Francisco ..April 1, 1865... 370 Euphrates, ship New Bedford June 21, 1865. . . 597 Favorite, bark Fairhaven June 28, 1865. . . 360 Gen. Pike, bark New Bedford June 22, 1865 ... 425 Gen. Williams, ship... .New London June 25, 1865. . . 469 Gipsy, bark New Bedford June 26, 1865... 390 Harvest, bark Honolulu April 1, 1865. . . 350 Hector, ship New Bedford April 1, 1865 . . . Hillman, ship New Bedford June 27, 1865. . . 600 Isabella, bark New Bedford June 27, 1 865 ... 394 L Howland, ship New Bedford June 28, 1865 .. . 9()0 James Maury, bark. . .New Bedford June 28, 1865. . . 400 Jireh Swift, laark New Bedford June 23, 1 865 . . •. 360 Kate Prince, ship Cardift^ Nov. 12, 1864. . . 997 Lizzie M. Stacy, schr.. .Boston Nov. 13, 1864. . . 140 Martha 2d, bark New Bedford June 28, 1 865 ... 298 Milo, ship New Bedford June 28, 1865 . . . 50o Nassau, ship New Bedford June 28, 1865. . . 450 Nile, bark New London June 22, 1865. . . 380 Nimrod, bark New Bedford June 25, 1865. . . 340 Pearl, bark New London April 1, 1865... 275 Sophia Thornton, ship. New Bedford June 23, 1865. . . 400 Susan Abigail, bark. . . San Francisco June 23, 1 865 ... 159 Susan, brig San Francisco June 4, 1865. . . Waverley, bark New Bedford June 28, 1865. . . 450 W. Thompson, ship... New Bedford June 22, 1865... 600 Wm. C. Nye, bark San Francisco. June 26, 1865. . . 388 BY THE FLORIDA. Aldebaran, schr New York Mar. 13, Anglo Saxon, ship. . . .Liverpool Aug. 21, Arabella, brig Aspinwall Ian. 12, B. F. Hoxie, ship Mazatlan June 16, Clarence, brig Bahia , Commonwealth, ship . .New York April 17, Corris Ann, brig Philadelphia Jan. 22, David Lapsley, bark. . .Sombrero. . .' , Electric Spark, str New York July 10, 1863.. ,. 187 1863.. .. 868 1863.. . 291 1863.. .1387 1863.. . 253 1863.. .1245 1863.. , . 235 , . 289 1864.. .1400 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 469 Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons. Estella, brig Matizanilla Jan. \1, 1863... 300 F. B Cutting, ship Liverpool Aug. 6, 1863 . . 79(3 Geo. Latimer, schr Baltimore May 18, . . . 198 Gen. Berry, bark . . . .New Yorli .July 10, . . . 469 Golconda, bark Talcahuana July 8, 1 864 . . . 33 1 Greenland, bark Philadelphia July 9, 1864. . . 549 Har't Stephens, bark . .Portland , . . . 500 J. Jacob Bell, ship Foochow Feb. 12, 1863. . .1382 Kate Stewart, schr Philadelphia June — , 18G3 . . . 387 Lapwing, bark Boston Mar. 27, 1863. . . 590 Mary Alvina, brig Boston June — , ls63 . . . 266 M. A. Schiuler, schr.. .Port Royal June 12, 1863. . . 299 Mary Y. Davis, schr. . .Port Royal July 9, 1864. . . 270 M. J. Colcord, bark . . .New York Mar. 30, 1863. . 374 Mondamin, bark Rio Janeiro Sept. — , 1864. . . 886 Red Gauntlet, ship Buena Vista May 26, 1863. . .1038 Rienzi, schr Province town .July 7, 1863 ... 95 Southern Rights, ship. Rangoon Aug. 22, 1863 . . . 830 Southern Cross. Boston June 6, 1863... 938 Star of Peace, ship Calcutta. Mar. 6, 1863 ... 941 Sunrise, ship New York July — , 1863. . . 1174 Tacony, bark Port Royal June 12, 1 863 . . . 296 Varnum H. Hill, schr .Provincetown June 27, 1852. . . 90 Wm. B. Nash, brig. . . . New York July 8, 1 863 . . . 299 Wm. C. Clark, brig Machias, Me June 1 7, ... 338 Windward, brig Matanzas Jan. 22, 1863 ... 199 Zealand, bark New Orleans June 10, 1864. . . 380 BY THE SUMTER. Abbie Bradford, schr.. July 25, 1861... 180 Albert Adams, brig. . . .Cuba July 5, 1861 .. . 192 Alvarado, bark Cape Town June — , 1861 . . . 299 Arcade, schr Portland Nov. 20, 1861 .. . 122 Benj. Dunning, brig ... Cuba July 5, 1861... 284 B. F. Martin, brig Philadelphia June 16, 1861 .. . 293 California, bark St. Thomas , 1861 .. . 299 Cuba, brig New York ..July 4, 1861... 19v» D. Trowbridge, schr. . . New York Oct. 27, 1861... 200 Eben Dodge, bark New Bedford Dec. 8, 1S6I . . .1222 Glen, bark Philadelphia July—, 18^1... 287 Golden Rocket, ship.. .Havana July 13, 1861 .. . 608 Henry Nutt, schr Key West Aug. — , 1 861 . . . 235 Jos. Maxwell, bark Philadelphia July 27, 1861 .. . 295 Joseph Parks, brig. . . .Pernambuco Dec. 25, 1861 . . . 300 J. S. Harris, ship Cuba , IS^il... 800 Louisa KLlham, bark . .Cienfuegos July 6, 1861 .. . 468 470 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Name of Vessels. Machias, brig . . .. Naiad, brig N. Chase, schr. . . Neapolitan, bark Ocean Eagle Where from. Date of Capture. •July • July 4 New York Sept. — , Messina Feb. Rockland Feb. Santa Clara, brig. Porto Rico Feb. Sebasticook, ship Liverpool Feb. — , Vigilant, ship New York Dec. 3, West Wind, bark New York July 6 W. S. Robins, bark Arroya June — 1862. 1861. 1861. 1862. 1861. 1861. 18rtl. ISe^l. 1861. 1861, BY THE TALLAHASSEE. Adriatic, ship .London Aug. A. Richards, brig Glace Bay, C. B Aug. Arcole, ship New Orleans Nov. Atlantic, schr Addison, Me Bay State, bark Alexandria, Va Aug. Billow, brig Calais, Me Aug. Carrie Estelle, brig Machias, Me Aug. Castine, ship Callao Jan. Coral Wreath, brig Aug. Etta Caroline, str Aug. Flora Reed, schr Aug Glenhaven, bark Glasgow Aug. Goodspeed, schr Boston Nov. Howard, bark Aug. Jas Littlefield, ship... .Cardiflf Aug. J. H. Howen, schr Gloucester Aug. L. Dupont, schr Wilmington, Del Aug. Magnolia, schr .... Aug. Mercy Howe, schr Chatham Aug. N. America, schr Connecticut P. C. Alexander, bark.. New York Pearl, schr Aug. Rasselas, schr Boothbay, Me Aug. Roan, brig Salisbury Aug. S. A. Boyce, schr Boston Aug. Sarah Louisa, schr Spokane, schr Calais, Me Aug. 12, 1863. 11, 18i;3 3, 1863 ii! 18G3 10, 1863 11, 1864 25, 1863 11, 1863 10, 1868 15, 1863 13 1863 2 1864 15 1864 14 1864 14 1864 1.3, 1864 15, 1864 15, 1864 — 1864 — 1864 16 23, 1863 20, 1864 11, 1864 — 1864 12, 1864 BY THE TACONY. Ada, schr Gloucester June 23, 1 863 . . . 90 Arabella, brig Gloucester June 12, 1863. . . 200 Archer, schr Gloucester June 24, 1863. . . 100 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 471 Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons. Byzantium, ship London June 16, 1863. . .1048 Elizabeth Ann, schr. . .Gloucester June 22, 1863. . . 100 Florence, schr Gloucester June 22, 1863. . . 200 Goodspeed, bark Londonderry June 23, 1863 . . . 629 Isaac Webb, ship Liverpool June 20, 1863. . . 1300 L. A. Macomber, schr. .Noank June 20, 1863 .. . 100 Ma'engo, schr Gloucester June 22, 1863... 200 Ripple, schr Gloucester June 22, 1863. . . 150 Ru!us Choate Gloucester June 22, 1863... 100 Shattemuc, ship Liverpool June 24, 1863 . . . 849 Umpire, brig Laguna June 15, 1863... 196 Wanderer, schr. Gloucester June 22, 1863. . . 125 BY THE CLARENCE. A. H. Partridge, schr. .Gloucester June 1, 1863. . . 100 C. Gushing, cutter Portland June 24, 1863... 1 50 Whistling Wind, bark . . Philadelphia June 6, 1863 ... 349 BY THE SALLIE. Betsey Ames, brig Cuba Oct. — , 1861 .. . 265 Grenada, brig Neuvitas Oct. 13, 1861. . . 255 BY THE GEORGIA. Bold Hunter, ship Dundee Dec. 9, 1863. . . 797 City of Bath, ship Callao June 28, 1863. . . 79 Constitution, ship Philadelphia June 25, 1863 ... 97 Crown Point, ship New York May 16, 1863... 1053 Dictator, ship Liverpool April 25, 1863... 1293 Geo. Griswold, ship. . .Cardiff June 18, 1863. . .1280 Good Hope, bark Boston June 22, 1863. . . 436 John Watt, ship Maulmain Oct. — , 1863 ... 947 J. W. Seaver, bark. . .Boston June 22, 1863... 340 Prince of Wales, ship. .Callao July 16, 1863. . . 960 BY THE JEFF DAVIS. D. C. Pierce, bark Remedies June — , Ella, schr Tampico , Enchantress, schr Boston July 16, Jno. Crawford, ship.. . .Philadelphia Aug. — , John Welsh, brig Trinidad July 16, 1861... 306 1861... 92 1861... 200 1861... ___ 1861... 275 29, 1864.. . 237 31, 1864.. . 49-2 30, 1864.. . 400 31, 1864.. . 957 472 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tona Rowena, bark Laguayra June — , 1861... 340 S. J. Waring, schr.... New York July 16, 1861... 372 W. McGilvery, brig. . .Cardenas July — 1861 ... 198 BY THE WINSLOW. Herbert, schr June 18, 1861... 100 Itasca, brig Neuvitas Aug. 4, 1861... 300 Mary Alice, schr .. . .Porto Rico July — , 1861... 181 Priscilla, sclir Curafoa July — , 1861... 144 Transit, schr New London July 15, 1861 . . . 195 BY THE CHICKAMAUGA. Albion Lincoln, bark. .Portland Oct. Emma L. Hall, bark.. .Cardenas Oct. Mark L. Potter, bark. . .Bangor Oct. Shooting Star, ship. . . .New York Oct. BY THE OLUSTEE. A. J. Bird, schr Rockland Nov. 3, 1864... 178 Empress Teresa, bark. . Rio Janeiro Nov. 1, 1864. . . 316 E. F. Lewis, schr Portland Nov. 3, 1864. . . 197 T. D. Wagner, brig Fort Monroe N(»v. 3, 1864. . . 390 BY THE RETRIBUTION. Emily Fisher, brig St. Jago Mar. — , 1863 .. . 230 Hanover, schr Boston Jan. 31, 1863... 2oO J. P. Ellicott, brig Boston Jan. 10, 1863... 231 BY THE ST. NICHOLAS. Mary Pierce, schr Boston July 1, 1862. . . 192 Margaret, schr. July 29, 1862... 206 Monticello, brig. Rio Janeiro July 1,1862... 8oO BY THE CALHOUN. John Adams, schr Provincetown May — -, Mermaid, schr Provincetown May — , Panama, brig Provincetown May 29, 1861... 100 1861... 200 1861... 163 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. ^73 BY THE NASHVILLE. Name of Yeseelt. Where from. Date of Capture. Toi:.«. Harvey Birch, ship Havre Nov. 19, 1862. . . 800 R. GimUan, schr Philadelphia Feb. 26, 1862. . . 240 BY THE BOSTON. Lenox, bark New York June 12, 1863... 37^, Texana, bark New York June 12, 1863, . . 588 BY THE SAVANNAH. Joseph, brig Cardenas June 15, 1861... 17) BY THE LAPWING. KateDywer, ship Callao June 17, 1863... 127S BY THE ECHO. M. E. Thompson, brig. . July 9, 1862... 210 Mary Goodell, schr. . .. July 9, 1862... 200 BY THE YORK. G. V. Boker, schr Galveston Aug. 9, 1861 ... 100 BY THE CONRAD. Santee, ship Akyab Aug. 5, 1863. . . 808 BY THE TUSCARORA Living Age, ship Akyab Sept. 13, 1863. ..1193 MISCELLANEOUS. A. B. Thompson, ship.. Savannah May 19, 1861... 800 Alleghanian, ship. ...Baltimore Oct. 21, 1862. ..1142 Alliance, schr Philadelphia Sept.—, 1863... 190 Boston, tug June 9 1863... 100 474 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons, Chesapeake, steamer. .New York Dec. 7, 1863... 460 Golden Rod, schr Holmes' Hole Sept. — , 1863. . 130 Hannah Balch, brig... Cardenas July 6,1862.. 149 Harriet Lane. L'unbt. . .Galveston Jan. 11, 1863... 325 James L. Gerity Matamoros Oct. — , 1863... 90 J. R. Watson, schr New York July 13, 1861... 20o Lydia Francis, brig. . . . July 15, 1862. . . 262 Pearl, schr Moriches — '■ , 1862... 183 Protector, schr Cuba June — , 1861 . . . 200 Sea Bird, sch Philadelphia , 1868. . . 200 Sea Witch, schr Baracoa ,1861... 95 Union, schr Baltimore Dec 5, 1862... 115 '•^J^-am the Commercial and Financial Chronicle. OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 475 APPOINTMENT FOR CONGRESSMEN. ADD TWO TO EACH 8TATE FOR SENATORS WILL ttlVE THE ELECTORAL VOTE OF EACH STATE. Alabama 8 Arkansas 4 California 4 Connecticut 4 Colorado 1 Delaware 1 Florida 2 Georgia 9 Illinois 19 Indiana 13 Iowa 9 Kansas. . . 3 Kentucky 10 Louisiana 6 Maine 5 Maryland 6 Massachusetts 11 Michigan 9 Minnesota 3 Mississippi 6 Missouri 13 Nebraska 1 Nevada 1 New Hampshire 3 New Jersey 7 New York 33 North Carolina 8 Ohio 20 Oregon 1 Pennsylvania 27 Rhode Island 2 South Carolina 5 Tennessee 10 Texas 6 Vermont 3 Virginia 9 West Virginia 3 Wisconsin 8 Total, , Total electoral vote, 369 .293 470 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. POPULAE AND ELECTORAL STATES. Alabama Arkansas California Connecticut. . . . . Delaware Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts. . . Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire. New Jersey . . . . New York North Carolina. . Ohio Oregon. ... Pennsylvania . . Rhode Island . . . South CaroHna . . Tennessee Texas Vermont , Virginia "West Virginia . . Wisconsin , 1860. Total. Kep Lincoln. 39,173 43,792 3,sl5 172,161 139,033 70,409 1,364 62', 811 2,294 106,533 88,480 22,069 17,028 37,519 68,324 362,646 231,610 5,270 268,030 12,244 Electors 33,808 1,929 86,110 .452 Dcm. Dem, Douijlas. Breckenridffe. 13,651 5,227 38,516 15,522 1,023 367 11,590 160,215 115,509 55,111 25,651 7,625 26,693 6,966 34,372 65,057 11,920 3,283 58,801 25,881 62,801 312,510 2,701 187.232 3,951 16,765 7,707 chosen by 11,350 6,849 16,290 65,021 1,375,157 48,831 28,732 34,334 14,641 7.337 8.543 61,889 2,404 12,295 1,048 53,143 22,681 6,368 42,482 5,939 805 748 40,797 31,317 2,112 48,539 11,405 5,006 178,871 the Legis- 64,709 47,548 218 74,323 '888 847,953 la 18&4, wh. Tote, 4,000,850 ; Linc/s maj ., 406,812.— lu 1860, wh.vote, 4,680,193 ; Line, or OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 47-7 POPULAR VOTE FOR PRESIDENT. STATES. Alabama Arkansas California Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts . . , Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire, New Jersey New York North Carolina. . Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania. . . Rhode Island. . . South Carolina. Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia. West Virginia. Wisconsin. 1864. McCll'n Dem. 43,841 42,285 8,767 158,730 130,233 49,596 3,691 64,301 42,211 32,739 48,745 74,604 17,375 Lincoln. Rep. 62,134 44,691 8,155 189,496 150,422 89,075 16,441 27,766 61,803 40,153 126,742 91,521 25,060 31,678 72,750 6,594 32,871 68,024 361,986 205,568 8,457 276,316 8,470 13,321 10,438 65,884 9,826 36,400 60,723 368,735 265,154 9,888 296,391 13,692 42,419 23,152 83,458 Total 1,808,725 2,216,067 2,907,613 3,015,071 1868. Seymr. Dem. 72,088 19,078 54,077 47,952 10,980 102,722 199,143 166,980 74,040 13,990 115,890 80,225 42,460 62,357 59,408 97,069 28,075 65,628 5,439 5,218 31,224 83,001 429,883 84,601 238,606 11,125 313,382 6,548 45,237 26,129 12,045 20,306 84,707 Grant. Pud. 76,366 22,112 54^583 50,995 7,623 57,134 250,303 176,548 120,399 31,048 39,586 33,263 70,493 30,438 136,477 128,550 43,545 86,860 9,729 6,480 38,191 80,131 419,883 96,769 280,223 10,961 342,280 12,993 62,301 56,328 44,167 29,175 108,857 Lincoln's majority over McClellan, 407,342; Grant's over Seymour, 305,458. 478 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK POPULAR VOTE FOR PRESIDENT. STATES. Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Illinois Indiania Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts. .. Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina. Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania. . . Rhode Island. . . South Carolina. Tennessee Texas Vermont. Virginia West Virginia. Wisconsin. ... 1872. Grant. Greeley. 90,272 79,441 41,296 38.448 54,044 43,347 50,638 45,780 1 11.116 10,208 17,765 15,428 62,715 76,278 241,248 184,770 186,144 163,637 131,233 71,119 66,942 32,970 88,970 100,208 71,663 57,029 61,422 29,087 66,760 67,687 133,472 59,260 138,455 78,355 54,558 34,327 82,406 47,287 119,196 151,433 18,245 7,745 8,413 6,236 37,184 31,421 91,611 76,801 440,746 387,279 94,304 62,494 281,852 244,321 11,818 7,745 349,689 211,961 13,665 5,329 72,290 22,703 83,655 94,391 47,406 66,500 41,480 10,926 92,953 93,424 32,323 29,533 104,942 86,477 3,597.070 2,834,079 The total scattering vote of 33,293 was nearly all for Charles O'Conor. The death of Horace Greeley caused the vote in the Electoral College to be divided— each State voting for their favorite candidate. RUTHERFORD B. HAYES. Rutherford Birchard Hayes, the Republican candidate for President of the United States, was born in Delaware, Ohio, on the fourth of October, 1822. His ancestors settled in this country in the Seven- teenth Century, and at once identified themselves with the commercial, political and religious interests of the land of their adoption. Possessing intelligence, refinement and patriotism, they were held m high esteem and honored as valued members of society. Some of them evinced their patriotism by their faith- ful services in the war of the Revolution, and pa- tiently endured the privations and sufferings of that trying period of our national history. The blood that flowed in their veins belonged to the world's best type— the blood of noble England and sturdy Scot- land. Descending from such ancestors it is not sur- prising that Rutherford Birchard Hayes should possess those qualities of heart and mind that form the basis of an enero-etic, solid and symmetrical character; 31 481 482 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK neither is it stran^fe that, in his public services, he should prove so efficient and deservedly popular. He pursued a collegiate course at Kenyon College, and graduated with distinction at the age of twenty. Having chosen the law as a profession, he began at once to fit himself for its duties by careful study, and graduated at Harvard University Law School in 1845. He immediately began the practice of law in Cincinnati, and soon was recognized as an honest, able and successful advocate. His professional serv- ices were in great demand, and the skill and fidelity with which he managed some very difficult cases, evoked high eulogiums from members of the bar, and gave him the reputation of being one of the most ac- complished and brilliant members of the profession. He was married in 1832 to Miss Lucy Ware Webb, of Chillicothe, and as this lady is destined to receive, with her distinguished husband, a large share of pub- lic attention, it is fitting that some reference should be made to her in this brief sketch. It is said that she enjoys the highest respect of all classes, and richly merits their confidence and ad- miration. Her nature is gentle and genial, and over- flows with the spirit of kindness and love. She is distinguished by genuine artlessness and true womanly modesty. She is regarded as a brilliant conversationalist, charming the social circle with her refined and graceful intercourse. She is also a lady of great personal beauty, and invariably makes a pleasing impression upon all wlio come in contact with her vivacious and magnetic spirit. Her toilet shows a taste, which shuns folly and extravagance on the one hand, and a severe simplicity on the other. Her excellent example in this respect has been much admired by ladies of good taste, and it is hoped that it may be imitated by the fair sex, not only in promi- nent official circles, but in all the diversified ranks of social life. OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 483 In 1858 Mr. Hayes was elected to the office of City Solicitor, and held the position until 1861, dis- charging its duties with rare devotion and ability. As an evidence of his great popularity with the people at this time, it is stated that Avhen re-elected in 1859 to this office, he ran ahead of his ticket more than five hundred votes, and his administration Avas commended by his political antagonists as cordially as by his warmest personal friends. At the com- mencement of the civil war he was on the highway to political preferment, and his friends Avere ready to crown him with Congressional honors ; but he delib- erately thrust aside the alluring prize, and joined the brave defenders of the nation, in the hour of its weakness and peril. He was a positive, pronounced Unionist, and boldly avowed his sentiments on all suitable occasions. In January, 1861, he wrote as follows : " South Carolina has passed a Secession or- dinance, and Federal laws are set at naught in the State. Overt acts enough have been committed, forts and arsenals have been taken, a revenue cutter seized, and Major Anderson besieged in Fort Sum- ter. Disunion and civil war are at hand ; and yet I fear disunion and war less than compromise. We can recover from them. The free States alone, if we must go on alone, will make a glorious nation. I do not feel gloomy when I look forward. The reality is less frightful than the apprehension which we have all had these many years. Let us be temperate, calm, and just, but firm and resolute. Crittenden's compromise ! Win dam, speaking of the rumor that Bonaparte was about to invade England^ said : ' The danger of invasion is by no means equal to that of peace. A man may escape a pistol, no matter how near his head, but not a dose of poison.' " These words show that he clearly apprehended the position of the nation at this early stage of its crisis, and felt that the Union must be preserved. In May, 1861, 484 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK he wrote very forcibly and feelingly of his purpose and personal feeling concerning the war. " Judge Matthews and I have agreed to go into the service for the war, if possible, into the same regiment. I S})oke my feelings to him, Avhicli he said were his also, viz., that this was a just and necessary war ; that it demanded the whole power of the country, and that I would prefer to go into it if I knew I was to die or be killed in the course of it, rather than live through and after it without taking any part in it." Brave, noble words ! The war came, and one of his most cheering reflections to-day is, that he took " part in it," and aided in suppressing the rebellion. In company with Judge Matthews, an old classmate, he immediately attempted to raise a regiment ; and so successful was the effort that men enough for two regiments were enlisted. From these recruits the Twenty-Third Ohio In- fantry was formed, and R. B. Hayes was ajDpointed Major. Not having received a military education, he de- sired that the command should be given to an officer of experience, and accordingly Col. W. S. Rosecrans was placed in command, and Major Hayes served as Judge Advocate on his staff. Afterwards he receiv- ed the commission of Lieutenant-Colonel, and con- ducted a spirited and successful campaign against the roving bands of guerillas that infested the Rich Mountain territory. In August, 1862, his regiment was transferred to Washington, and became a part of McClelland's army, and soon after participated in the battle of Antietam. Col. Hayes' command opened the engagement at South Mountain by firing the first shot, and was severely cut up in the battle. Col. Hayes, in this action, received a severe wound, and being disabled was compelled to retire for a few mo- ments ; but soon was seen rushing again into the thickest of the fight and continued in the action un- OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 485 til he became so exhausted that he had to be carried from the field. In the fall of 1862 his command was again assigned to service in Western Virginia, and passed through many severe hardships. It participated in the battle of Floyd Mountain, in 1864, and afterwards joined General Hunter's command in the Shenandoah Valley. The battle of Winchester commenced at 10 A.M., on the* 19th of September, 1864, and Col. Hayes gallantly led the First Brigade of Gen. Crook's commaud into action. As he approached the rebel position, he discovered that a deep, dangerous slough intervened between him and the enemy's battery, and his men suddenly halted on its verge, as though unwilling to cross. He saw the peril of the hour, and immediately dashed into the morass, but soon his horse sank helplessly into the mire, and he was obliged to dismount and wade to the other side. Inspired by his example his men followed, and while some were shot, and others drowned as they struggled through the slough, the brigade pressed on, climbed the bank, and drove the enemy before them. Subsequently in the battles of Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek, he displayed great gallantry, and was accordingly brevetted Major- General, for his meritorious conduct on these occa- sions. Before the close of the war he was elected to Con- gress, and in 1866 he w^as re-elected, but resigned be- fore the close of his term, in order to accept the nom- ination of Governor which was persistently pressed upon him by the Republican State party. In 1867 he was elected Governor of Ohio, and is now serving his third term in the gubernatorial chair, with marked ability and fidelity. The most renowned Democrats of Ohio could not stand before him in the political contest, and we believe that the man who fought re- bellion in the South, and conquered the champions of Democracy in his own State, will so completely 486 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK annihilate his present opponent that the name of Samuel J. Tilden will forever be knoAvn as the name of a defeated partisan, a vanquished foe. Thus we perceive that Mr. Hayes has a good politi- cal record, and especially has he a noble military record, which, if not so impressive and brilliant as some, is, nevertheless, stainless and heroic. His chil- dren may gaze upon that record without a blush of shame, and his countrymen will ever view it with patriotic pride and thankfulness. There is nothing in his military career demanding apology, and there is nothing requiring labored defence. The powerful party, whose standard-bearer he has consented to be- come, feel that they have made a wise selection, and can safely trust the clear head and warm heart of R. B. Hayes. The man who could say, as the stormy blast of the Rebellion broke upon the nation, " I pre- fer to go into this war and die in the course of it, ratlier than to live through and after it, ivithout tak- ing part in it,'^ can never be charged with disloyalty, and his supporters will never be under the painful necessity of defending him from the charge of sym- patliizing with Secessionists, and aiding them in their attempts to overthrow the best government of modern or ancient times. If, at the commencement of the war, some who now unblushingly ask the favor of presiding over the political destiny of the American nation, could so demean themselves as to express their sympathy for Soutliern demagogues and Seces- sionists, Rutherford B. Hayes could not so degrade his manhood and so basely betray his country as to imitate their pernicious example. Some one may liave had so little love of country as to say of the war for the Union, " I have no sympathy Avith its ob- jects," but R. B. Hayes could never school his tongue to utter such a sentiment. Some may have been so blinded by political prejudice and passion as to [)r()Hounce the ''war a failure,'' but R. B. Hayes OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 487 could not and did not deem it a failure, for he was on the field, face to face with the foe, and saw the broken, shattered armies of the rebellion fleeing be- fore the determined and victorious legions of the Union. When urged to leave the army and engage in the canvass for his election to Congress, he wrote as follows : " I have other business just now. Any man who would leave the army at this time to elec- tioneer for Congress ought to be scalped." His record in this respect will remain untarnished through the stirring political campaign upon which the two great parties are entering with so much eagerness and warmth. Contrast this record with that of the rival candi- date for the Presidency, and who can hesitate one moment in deciding how to use that grandest privilege of a free and intelligent man — tlie privilege of the ballot? Samuel J. Tilden claims to be a reformer, and the party placing him in nomination claims that his election will result in the most marvellous reforms in politics, in commerce, in social life, and will so thoroughly purif}' every department of State, that the horizon will glow with the light of a spotless political sun. But, unfortunately, the Democratic party is hopelessly wedded to its old-time measures, and can deceive no one with the stupid, hypocritical cry of reform. It owns the men who bear its banners, and not one, reformer though he be, can carry his indi- viduality and independence into office, but must bow down and do its bidding just as servilely to-day as ever in the past. Reform ! Look at the recent Con- gress. Sitting in the house were sixty -four Demo- cratic members who were once acting, either as officers or soldiers, in the Confederate army ; and although they have had a " majority of nearly two-thirds," yet, with all their boasted ideas of reform, dandled upon the knees of their most eminent party nurses, paraded and applauded by their most eloquent orators, until 488 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK they have bawled themselves hoarse, they have not originated one single useful measure, nor advanced a single step in the way of reform. They have not touched our difficulties, nor afforded the least degree of relief to the suffering interests of the countiy. We have heard their melancholy recital of wrongs, their murmurings and repinings against the Administration, and we have seen how swift and keen they are on the scent for corruption ; but where is the great reform they propose to effect ? We have no hope of reform through the Democratic party. Its past history and its present political affiliations show that it cannot be a party of reform, and its campaign cry of '^ Reform ! " " Reform ! " is a cheat and a lie. Let Samuel J. Tilden be elected, and he Avill be the President of the South, elected by Southern votes, and pledged to favor Southern interests. What will be the character of his reform when the old lash that scourged the poor slave's back is shaken threateningly before his eyes, and the old demon of slavery lifts up its scarred and bloody form, demanding recognition and asking to be entln-oned once more in the capitol of the nation ! We are told that it is unkind to spea.k of Southern Democrats as rebels, or recall in any Avay the struggle of the past. We are assured that rebels are subdued, and, with some degree of pity for our ignorance, we are told that slavery is dead. But who subdued rebels — did the Democratic party ? Who struck the death-blow to slavery — did the Democratic party, Avith Samuel J. Tilden, the reformer, at its head ? But, admitting that rebels are extinct and that slavery is dead, it must still be confessed that they possess so much animation and life that it is quite difficult sometimes to believe that they have actually expired. Insulting the black men of the South as they march through the streets, intimidating them at the polls, hanging them to the most convenient branch, and shooting them down in cold blood, are OF AMERICAN PKOGRESS. 489 deeds that give sorry proof of the extinction of rebels and death of slavery. It is too early in the history of the restored Union to place the government in the hands of the men who, for long and weary years of strife and blood, sought to desolate and destroy it. They are still too arrogant, too revengeful, and too sectional to be entrusted with the supervision of the Government. We see, therefore, the necessity of retaining in power the party whose sympathy, influence and valor, saved the country from the bloody grasp of the rebellion, and gave it the prosperity and peace it has since enjoyed. At the head of that party, as its chosen standard-bearer stands the loyal and heroic Hayes. He never identi- fied himself with corrupt rings ; he never made rail- road corporations pour their treasures into his purse ; he never pronounced the war an "outrage " and a " failure ;" he never consorted and conspired with Secessionists to destroy the Union ; but he bravely defended it by his words, and went to the field and fought and bled for its perpetuity, while Samuel J. Tilclen, the reformer, stayed at home, feeding the Southern fire that burned in his Democratic heart, and wearing the brand of an Anti-Unionist upon his brow. The man who, a few years ago, tried tp wreck this nation, is not the man to rule it to-day. We turn from such a man to R. B. Hayes with hope and con- fidence. His record as a citizen and a soldier is untarnished ; and the distinguished services he has rendered, his high moral character, and his splendid abilities as a statesman, indicate that he will not disappoint the eager expectations of his fellow-citizens. Ohio presents him as a candidate worthy to occupy the highest position in the gift of the nation, and her sister States, with one accord, are preparing to wel- come him to the Prgfeidential Chair, as the immediate successor of the loyal and invincible Grant. So mote it be. 490 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK WILLIAM A. WHEELER. William A. Wheeler, the Republican candidate for the Vice-Presidency of the United States, was born at Malone, Franklin County, New York, June 30th, 1819, and is now in his fifty-seventh year. His ancestors were of English and Welsh extrac- tion. Mr. Wheeler received an academic education in his native town, and entered the University of Vermont in 1886, when only 17 years of age. After leaving the University he began the study of hxw, and, being admitted to the Bar, commenced the practice of his profession with marked success. He became very popular with his clients and neighbors as an advocate, and all classes, irrespective of political views, held him in high esteem. The Democrats of F]"anklin County offered him the nomination of Dis- trict Attorney, in 1848, and deeming it his duty to accept the nomination, he was elected, and i)erformed the duties of the office with the hearty approval of his constituents. In 1849 he was elected a member of the Assembly, by the Whig party, after a warm contest, and was re-elected in 1850. After completing his term of service in the As- sembly, he abandoned public life, for a season, and devoted himself more particularly to business pur- suits. He became cashier of the Bank of Malone, and retained the responsible position for a period of fourteen years. He displayed such sound financial judgment, and was so thoroughly methodical and business-like in his policy, that he won the esteem and confidence of all who had any business transac- tions with him. In 1857 he was "elected President of the Ogdensburgh and Rouses Point Rail Road, and OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 491 exercised a judicious supervision over its interests for eleven years. When the Whig party, with which he had been identified, was replaced by the Republican organiza- tion, he at once warmly espoused all its peculiar tenets. In 1858 he was elected State Senator, and was chosen Chairman of the Committees on Banks and Privileges and Elections. He was also chosen Presi- dent of the Senate, pro tern., and thus received a very flattering proof of the confidence of his compeers in his ability and integrity. In 1859 he was elected from the Sixteenth District, composed of the counties of Clinton, Essex and Franklin, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and in the memorable sessions of that Con- gress performed his duties with great conscientiousness and fidelity. At the close of this Congress he retired to private life, but was soon summoned forth again into the arena of political strife. In 1867 he was elected a member of the State Constitutional Con- vention, and, at the urgent solicitation of his friends, accepted the chairmanship of the organization. In 1857 he was elected to the Forty-first Congress, and since that date has retained his seat, and given this important council of the nation the benefit of his rich and ripe political experiences. His present promi- nence as a statesman is derived largely from his care- ful and skilful adjustment of the vexing controversies which so recently distracted the State of Louisiana. He proposed what is known as "the Wheeler Com- promise," which, being accepted by both political parties in the Louisiana Legislature, secured a peace- ful and happy solution of the exciting questions that had so seriously disturbed the peace and order of the State. The honesty and integrity of Mr. Wheeler was strikingly illustrated in his refusal to receive his "back pay," to which, by Congressioual enactment, he was justly entitled. 492 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK To his letter, declining the additional compen- sation, the Secretary of the Treasury wrote the fol- lowing rep] ,7 : — Ti'easiiry Department, Washington, D. C, March 22, 18T3. Sir, — Your letter of the 19th inst., inclosing Coupon Bonds, of the Act of June 30, 1864, amount- ing to $3,800, and currency draft for $6,737, has been received. The proceeds of bonds and drafts have been covered into the General Treasury of the United States, in accordance with your wishes. Very Respectfully, W. A. Richardson, Secretary. Hon. W. A. Wheeler, Malone, Franklin County, New York. This action of Mr. Wheeler is very suggestive, and is justly commended, not only by his friends, but also by his political opponents. A man of such high- toned nature, so resolute in resisting temptation, and so incorruptible in his official station, may be safely honored with the responsible duties of the Vice- Presidency of the nation. Let those who would see manhood in all its nobility, sitting in the second place of national honor, gracing it with the charms of a quiet spirit, and a superior order of statesmanship, work and vote for the election of our popular and gifted candidate, Mr. William A. Wheeler. OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 493 THE REPUBLICAN PLATFORM. Adopted at Cincinnati, June 15th, 1876. When, in the economy of Providence, this land was to be purged of human slavery, and when the strength of the Government of the people, by the people, for the people, was to be demonstrated, the Republican party came into power. Its deeds have passed into history, and we look back to them with pride, incited b}^ their memories and high aims for the good of our country and mankind ; and, looking to the future with unfaltering courage, hope, and purpose, we, the representatives of the party, in National Convention assembled, make the following declaration of prin- ciples : I. The United States of America is a nation, not a league. By the combined workings of the National and State Governments, under their respective con- stitutions, the rights of every citizen are secured at home and protected abroad, and the common welfare promoted. II. The Republican party has preserved those Governments to the hundredth anniversary of the Nation's birth, and they are now embodiments of the great truths spoken at its cradle — that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, among which are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness ; that, for the attainment of these ends, governments have been in- stituted among men, deriving their just powers froin the consent of the governed. Until those truths are cheerfully obeyed, and, if needed, vigorously enforced, the work of the Republican party is unfinished. 494 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK III. The permanent pacification of the Southern section of the Union, and the complete protection of all its citizens in the free enjoyment of all their rights, are duties to which the Republican part}' are sacredly pledged. [Applause.] The power to provide for the enforcement of the principles embodied in the recent constitutional amendments is vested by those amend- ments in the Congress of the United States, and we declare it to be the solemn obligation of the legislative and executive departments of the Government to put into immediate and vigorous exercise all their consti- tutional powers for removing any just causes of dis- content on the part of any class, and securing to every American citizen complete liberty and exact equality in the exercise of all civil, political, and public rights. [Applause.] To this end Ave imperatively demand a Congress and Chief Executive whose cour- age and fidelity to these duties shall not falter until these results are placed beyond dispute or recall. [Applause.] IV. In the first act of Congress signed by President Grant, the National Government assumed to remove any doubts of its purpose to discharge all just obliga- tions to public creditors, and solemnly pledged its faith to make provision at the earliest practicable period for the redemption of the United States notes in coin. [Applause.] Commercial prosperity, public merits, and National credit demand that this promise be fulfilled by a continuous and steady progress to specie payment. [Loud and long-continued ap- plause.] V. Under the Constitution the President and heads of Departments are to make nominations for office ; the Senate is to advise and consent to appoint- ments, and the House of Representatives is to accuse and prosecute faithless officers. The best interests of the public service demand that these distinctions be respected ; that Senators and Representatives who OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 495 may be judges and accusers should not dictate ap- pointments to office. The invariable rule for appoint- ments should have reference to the honesty, fidelity, and capacity of appointees, giving to the party in power those places where harmony and vigor of ad- ministration require its policy to be represented, but permitting all others to be filled by persons selected with sole reference to efficiency of the public service, and the right of citizens to share in the honor of ren- dering faithful service to their country. VI. We rejoice in the quickened conscience of the people concerning political affairs. We will hold all public officers to a rigid responsibility, and engage that the prosecution and punishment of all who betray official trusts shall be speedy, thorough, and unspar- ing. [Cheers.] VII. The public school system of the several States is the bulwark of the American Republic, and with a view to its security and permanence we recom- mend an amendment to the Constitution of the United States forbidding the application of any public funds or property for the benefit of any school or institution under sectarian control. [Great cheering, continuing several minutes.] VIII. The revenue necessary for current expen- ditures and the obligations of the public debt must be largely derived from duties upon importations, which, so far as possible, should be so adjusted as to promote the interests of American labor and advance the prosperity of the whole country. [Cheers.] IX. We reaffirm our opposition to further grants of the public lands to corporations and monopolies, and demand that the national domain be devoted to free homes for the people. X. It is the imperative duty of the Government to so modify existing treaties with European governments that the same protection shall be afforded to adopted American citizens that is given to native-born, and 496 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK all necessary laws be passed to protect immigrants in the absence of power in the State for that pur- pose. XI. It is the immediate duty of Congress to fully investigate the effect of the immigration and impor- tation of Mongolians on the moral and material interests of the country. [AppLause.] XII. The Republican party recognize with approval the substantial advance recently made toward the establishment of equal rights for Avomen by tlie many important amendments effected by Kepublican Legis- latures in the laws which concern tlie personal and property rehations of wives, mothers, and widows, and by the appointment and election of women to the superintendence of education, charities, and other public trusts. The honest demands of this class of citizens for additional rights and privileges and im- munities should be treated with respectful considera- tion. [Applause.] XIII. The Constitution confers upon Congress sovereign power over the Territories of the United States for their government, and in the exercise of this power it is the right and duty of Congress to prohibit and extirpate in the Territoi-ies that relic of barbarism and polygamy ; and we demand such legis- lation as will secure this end and the supremacy of American institutions in all the Territories. [Ap- plause.] XIV. The pledges which our nation has given to our soldiers and sailors must be fulfilled. The grateful people will always regard those who perilled their lives for the country's preservation in the kindest remembrance. XV. We sincerely deprecate all sectional feeling and tendencies. We therefore note with deep solic- itude that the Democratic party counts as its chief hope of success upon the electoral vote of a united South, secured through the efforts of those who were OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 497 recently arrayed against the nation, and we invoke the earnest attention of the country to the grave truth that a success thus achieved woukl re-open sectional strife and imperil the national honor and human rights. XVI. We charge the Democratic party as being the same in character and spirit as when it sympa- thized with treason, and with making its control of the House of Representatives the triumph and op- portunity of the nation's recent foes ; with reasserting and applauding in the National Capitol the sentiments of unrepentant rebellion ; with sending Union soldiers to the rear; with deliberately proposing to repudiate the plighted faith of the Government ; with being equally false and imbecile upon the overshadowing financial question ; with thwarting the ends of justice by its partizan mismanagement and obstruction of investigation ; with proving itself, through the x)eriod of its ascendency in the Lower House of Congress, utterly incompetent to administer the Government. "We warn the country against trusting a party thus alike unworthy, recreant, and incapable. [Cheers.] XVH. The National Administration merits com- mendation for its honorable work in the management of domestic and foreign affairs, and President Grant deserves the continued and hearty gratitude of the American people for his patriotism and his immense services in war and in peace. [Cheers.] RESULT OF THE SEVERAL BALLOTS AT THE CINCINNATI CONVENTION. 1st 2d 3d 4th 5th 7th 8th Blahie 291 65 113 96 125 58 11 298 64 114 93 111 63 1 3 293 67 121 90 113 68 1 2 292 68 126 84 108 71 3 2 287 102 114 82 95 69 3 2 308 113 111 81 85 50 4 2 351 Haves Bristow 384 21 Conkliiig ATortoii Ilartranft Jewell Wheeler Necessary for a choice ^ 379 32 498 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK GOV. R. B. HAYES'S LETTER OF ACCEPT- ANCE. Columbus, O., July 8, 1876 To the Rons, Edward McPherson, Wm. A. How- ard, Jos. H. Rainey, and others^ Committee of the National Republican Conventioji. Gentlemex : In reply to your official communi- cation of June 17, by which I am informed of my nomination for the office of President of the United States by the Republican National Convention at Cincinnati, I accept the nomination with gratitude, hoping- that, under Providence, T shall be able, if elected, to execute the duties of the high office as a trust for the benefit of all the people. I do not deem it necessary to enter upon any extended examination of the declaration of principles made by the Con- vention. The resolutions are in accord with my vicAvs, and I heartily concur in the principles they announce. In several of the resolutions, however, questions are considered which are of such import- ance that I deem it proper to briefly express my con- viction in regard to them. The fifth resolution adopted by the Convention is of paramount interest. More than forty years ago a system of making ap- pointments to office grew up, based upon the maxim ^' to the victors belong the spoils." The old rule, the true rule, that honesty, capacity, and fidelity con- stitute the only real qualifications for office, and that there is on other claim, gave place to the idea that party services were to be chiefly considered. All parties in practice have adopted this system. It has OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 499 been essentially modified since its first introduction. It has not, however, been improved. At first the President, either directly or through the heads of de- partment, made all the appointments, but graduall}^ the appointing power, in many cases, passed into the control of members of Congress. The offices in these cases have become not merely rewards for party serv- ices, but rewards for services to party leaders. This system destroys the independence of the separate de- partments of the Government. " It tends directly to extravagance and ofiicial incapacity." It is a tempta- tion to dishonesty ; it hinders and impairs that careful supervision and strict accountability by which alone faithful and efficient public service can be se- cured ; it obstructs the prompt removal and sure punishment of the unworthy; in every way it de- grades the civil service and the character of the Gov- ernment. It is felt, I am confident, by a large ma- jority of the members of Congress, to be an intolera- ble burden and an unwarrantable hinderance to the proper discharge of their legitimate duties. It ought to be abolished. The reform should be thorough, radical and complete. We should return to the principles and practice of the founders of the Gov- ernment — supplying by legislation, when needed, that which was formerly the established custom. They neither expected nor desired from the public officers any partisan service. They meant that pub- lic officers should give their whole service to the Government and to the people. They meant that the officer should be secure in his tenure as long as his personal character remained untarnished and the performance of his duties satisfactory. If elected I shall conduct the administration of the Government upon these principles, and all constitutional powers vested in the Executive will be employed to estab- lish this reform. The declaration of principles by the Cincinnati Convention makes no announcement 500 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK in favor of a single Presidential term. I do not as- sume to add to that declaration, but believing that the restoration of the civil service to the system es- tablished by Washington and followed by the early Presidents can be best accomplished by an Executive who is under no temptation to use the patronage of his office to promote his own re-election, I desire to perform what I regard as a duty in stating now my inflexible purpose, if elected, not to be a candidate for election to a second term. On the currency question I have frequently ex- pressed my views in public, and I stand by my record on this subject. I regard all the laws of the United States relating to the payment of tlie public indebt- edness, the legal-tender notes included, as constitut- ing a pledge and moral obligation of the Government which must in good faith be kept. It is my convic- tion that the feeling of uncertainty inseparable from an irredeemable paper currency, with its fluctuation of value, is one of the great obstacles to a revival of confidence and business, and to a return of prosper- ity. That uncertainty can be ended in but one way — the resumption of specie payments. But the long- er the instability of our money system is permitted to continue, the greater will be the injury inflicted upon our economical interests and all classes of so- ciety. If elected, I shall approve every aj)propriate measure to accomplish the desired end ; and shall oppose any step backward. The resolution with respect to the public school system is one which should receive the hearty support of the American people. Agitation upon this subject is to be appre- hended, until, by constitutional amendment, the schools are placed beyond all danger of sectarian con- trol or interference. The Republican party is pledged to secure such an amendment. The resolution of the Convention on the subject of the permanent pacification of the country, and the OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 501 complete protection of all its citizens in the free en- joyment of all of their constitutional rights, is timely and of great importance. The condition of the Southern States attracts the attention and commands the sympathy of the people of the whole Union. In their progressive recovery from the effects of the war, their first necessity is an intelligent and honest administration of government which will protect all classes of citizens in their political and private rights. What the South most needs is '' peace," and peace depends upon the supremacy of the law. There can be no enduring peace if the constitutional rights of any portion of the people are habitually disregarded. A division of political parties resting merely upon sectional lines is always unfortunate and may be dis- astrous. The welfare of the South, alike with that of every other part of this country, depends upon the attractions it can offer to labor and immigration, and to capital. But laborers will not go, and capital will not be ventured where the Constitution and the laws are set at defiance, and distraction, apprehension, and alarm take the place of peace-loving and law-abiding social life. All parts of the Constitution are sacred and must be sacredly observed — the parts that are new no less than the parts that are old. The moral and national prosperity of the Southern States can be most effectually advanced by a hearty and gener- ous recognition of the rights of all, by all-— a recog- nition without reserve or exception. With such a recognition fully accorded it will be practicable to promote, by the influence of all legitimate agencies of the General Government, the efforts of the people of those States to obtain for themselves the blessings of honest and capable local government. If elected, I shall consider it not only my duty, but it will be my ardent desire to labor for the attainment of this end. Let me assure my countrymen of the Southern 502 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK Stales that if I shall be charged with the duty of orgatiizing an administration, it will be one which will regard and cherish their truest interests — the interests of the Avhite and of the colored people both and equally ; and which will put forth its best efforts in behalf of a civil policy which will wipe out for- ever the distinction between North and South in our common country. With a civil service organ- ized upon a system which will secure purity, experi- ence, efficiency, and economy, a strict regard for the public welfare solely in appointments, and the speedy, thorough, and unsparing prosecution and punish- ment of all public officers who betray official trusts; with a sound currency ; with education unsectarian and free to all ; with simplicity and frugality in pub- lic and private affairs, and with a fraternal spirit of harmony pervading the people of all sections and classes, we may reasonabl}^ hope that the second cen- tury of our existence as a nation will, by the bless- ing of God, be pre-eminent as an era of good feeling and a period of progress, prosperity, and happiness. Very respectfully, your fellow-citizen. R. B. Hayes. OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 503 HON. WILLIAM A. WHEELER'S LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE. Malone, July 15, 1876. The Hon. Edward McPhErson, and others of the Committee of the Republican National Convention : Gentlemen: I received on the 6tli inst. your communication advising me that I had been unani- mously nominated by the National Convention of Republican party, held at Cincinnati on the 14th ult., for the office of Vice-President of the United States, and requesting my acceptance of the same, and asking my attention to the summary of Republi- can doctrines contained in the platform adopted by the Convention. A nomination made with such unanimity, implies a confidence on the part of the Convention which inspires my profound gratitude. It is accepted with a sense of the responsibility which may follow. If elected, I shall endeavor to perform the duties of the office in the fear of the Supreme Ruler, and in the interest of the whole country. To the summary of doctrines enunciated by the Convention, I give my cordial assent. The Republi- can party has intrenched in the organic law of our land, the doctrine that liberty is the supreme, un- changeable law for every foot of American soil. It is the mission of that party to give full effect to this principle by '* securing to every American citizen, complete liberty and exact equality in the exercise of- all civil, political and public rights." This will be accomplished only when the American citizens, with- out regard to color, shall wear this panoply of citi- 504 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK zenship as fully and as securely in the cane-brakes of Louisiana as on the banks of the St. Lawrence. Upon the question of our Southern relations, my views Avere recently expressed as a member of tlie Committee of the United States House of Represen- tatives, upon Southern Aifairs. Those views re- mained unchanged and were thus expressed : We, of the North, delude ourselves in expecting that the masses of the South, so far behind in many of the attributes of enlightened improvement and civilization, are, in the brief period of ten oi- fifteen years, to be transformed into our model Northern connnunities. That can onh^ come through a long course of patient waiting, to which no one can now set certain bounds. There Avill be a good deal of unavoidable friction, which will call for forbearance, and which will have to be relieved by the temperate, fostering care of the Government. One of the most potent, if not indispensable agencies in tliis direction, will be the devising of some system to aid in the education of the masses. The fact that there are whole counties in Louisiana in Avhich there is not a solitary school-house, is full of suggestion. We compelled these people to i-emain in the union, and now duty and interest demand that we leave no just means untried to make them good, loyal citizens. How to diminish the friction, how to stimulate the elevation of this portion of our country, are problems addressing themselves to our best and wisest states- manship. The foundation for these efforts must be laid in satisfying the Southern people that they are to have equal, exact justice accorded to them. Give them to the fullest extent, every blessing which the Government confers upon the most favored — give them no just cause for complaint, and then hold them, by every necessary means, to an exact, rigid observance of all their duties and obligations under the Constitution and its amendments, to secure to all OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 505 within their borders, manhood and citizenship, with every right thereto belonging. The just obligations to public creditors, created when the Government Avas in the throes of threat- ened dissolution, and as an indispensable condition of its salvation — guaranteed by the lives and blood of thousands of its brave defendants — are to be kept with religious faith, as are all the pledges subsidiary thereto and confirmatory thereof. In my judgment, the pledge of Congress of Jan. 14, 1875, for the re- demption of the notes of the United States in coin, is the plighted faith of the nation, and national honor, simple honesty, and justice to the people whose permanent welfare and prosperity are depend- ent upon true money as the basis of their pecuniary transactions, all demand the scrupulous observance of this pledge ; and it is the duty of Congress to supplement it with such legislation as shall be neces- sary for its strict fulfilment. In our system of government, intelligence must give safety and value to the ballot. Hence the com- mon schools of the land should be preserved in all their vigor, while in accordance with the spirit of the Constitution, they and all their endowments should be secured by every possible and ])roper guaranty against every form of sectarian influence or control. There should be the strictest economy in the expenditures of the Government, consistent witli its effective administration, and all unnecessary offices should be abolished. Offices should be con- ferred only upon the basis of high character and particular fitness, and should be administered only as public trusts, and not for private advantage. The foregoing are chief among the cardinal prin- ciples of the Republican party, and to carry them into full, practical effect, is the work it now has in hand. To the completion of its great mission, we address ourselves in hope and confidence, cheered 506 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK and stimulated by the recollection of its past achieve- ments ; remembering that, under God, it is to that party that we are indebted in this Centennial year of our existence, for a preserved, unbroken Union ; for the fact that there is no master or slave through- out our broad domains, and that emancipated mil- lions look upon the ensign of the Republic as the symbol of the fulfilled declaration that all men are created free and equal, and the guarant}" of their own equality, under the law, with the most highly favored citizen of tlie land. To the intelligence and conscience of all who desire good government, good will, good money, and universal prosperity, the Re- publican party, not unmindful of the imperfection and shortcomings of human organizations, yet with the honest purpose of its masses, promptly to re- trieve all errors and to summarily punish all offend- ers against the laws of the country, confidently sub- mit its claims for the continued support of the American people. Respectfully, William A. Wheeler. OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 507 DEMOCRATIC REFORM. UNION SOLDIERS REMOVED TO MAKE ROOM FOR REBELS, What the Democratic Party has already accomplished. Disabled union soldiers turned, out, and confederates of various grades of incompetence put in their places — a carnival of ignorance and imbecility — and a fore-taste of what we may expect under Tilden. We quote from the New York Times of August 4th, as follows : — " An examination of the table shows that there were discharged from tlie Doorkeeper's department 23, Union soldiers; from the Clerk's office, 19 Union soldiers; from the Post Office, 13 Union soldiers ; from the Capitol Po- lice 2, — making 57 Union soldiers discharged by the Demo- cratic House since its organization last December. A number of these soldiers were disabled in the service. " There wei'e appointed in their places, as far as can be ascertained, in the Doorkeeper's department, 19 Con- federates ; in the Clerk's office, 10 ; in the Post Office, 14; Capitol Police 1, and 3 committee clerks — making 47 Confederate soldiers appointed. The names of many of the employes of the present House, such as extra mes- sengers, folders, and extra committee clerks, cannot be ascertained for the reason that they are paid upon vouch- ers instead of a regular roll. A great number of those extra employes are ex-Confederates, and if the facts could be ascertained in all the cases, the number of ex-Confeder- 508 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK ate solfliers appointed would be found to exceed the num- ber of Union soldiers discharged. " Tlie Post Office rolls show the most wanton disre- gard by the Confederate House of the obligations of the Government to its disabled soldiers, where nearly every man discharged served in the Union Army, and with two exceptions every man appointed was a Confederate.'* EX-REBEL OFFICIALS IN CONGRESS. Although allusion is frequently made to the ex-Con- federate element in the present Congress, there are few persons who have any idea as to the real numbers of this wing of the Democratic Party. For the benfit of some of our Southern subscribers we have taken the pains to prepare a list of these gentlemen, with titles worn by them while in the service of Mr. Jefferson Davis. Senators. Goldthwaite, Alabama, Adjii- Ransom, N. Carolina, Major tant Gen. Gen. Jones, Florida, Brisr Gen. Key, Tennessee, Lieut. Col. Gordon, Georgia, Major Gen. Maxey, Texas, Major Gen. Alcorn, Mississippi, Briij. Gen. Withers, Virujinia, Col. Cockrell, Missouri, Major Gen. Represeyitatives, Williams, Alabama, Major. Davis, N. Carolinn, Capt. Bradford, Alabama, Col. Scales, N. Carolina, Brijr. Gen. Hays, Alabama, Bri*;. Gen. Robbins, N. Carolina, Col. Hewitt, Alabama, Col. Vance, N. Carolina, Brit?. Gen. Forney, Alabama, Brig. Gen. Diorell, Tennessee, Brig. Gen. Lewis, AlabaiuM, Col. Wliittiiorne, Tennessee, Adj. Gause, Arkansas, Col. Gen. Slemmons, Arkansas, Brig. Gen. Atkins, Tennessee, Col. Gimter, Arkansas, Col. Young, Tennessee, Col. Smith, Georgia, Capt. Culberson, Texas, Col. Hartridge, Georgia, Col. Throckmorton, Texas, Brig. Cook, Georgia, Major Gen. Gen. Hill, Georgia, Col. of Kec. Douglas, Virginia, Major. Blackburn, Kentucky, Lieut. Cabell, Virginia, Col. Col. Tucker, Virgina, Capt. Gibson, Louisiana, Brig. Gen. Hunton, Virginia, Brig. Gen. Ellis, Louisiana, Capt. Ferry, Virginia, Brig. Gen. Levy, Louisiana, Col. Faulkner, W. Virginia, Min. to Lamar, Mississippi, Col. France. OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 509 Hooker, Mississippi, Col. Re;igan, Texas, Brig. Gen. Franklin. Missouri, Capt. Goode, Virginia, Col. Clark, Missouri, Brig. Gen. Hatcher, Missouri, Col. Yeates, N. Carolina, Major. Singleton, Mississippi, Insp. Waddell, N. Carolina, Lieut. Col. Gen. Ex-Members of Rebel Government. Honse, Tennessee, Major. Culberson, Texas, State Leg. Stephens, Georgia, Vice Pres. Harris, Georgia, State Leg. l?eagan, Texas, Post. Gen. Sleninions, Arkansas, State Hill, Georgia. Sen. Leg. Caperton, W. Virginia, Sen. Gimter, Arkansas, State Leg. Aslie, N. Carolina, Sen. , Lamar, Mississippi, Min. to Honse, Tennessee. Bep. Russia. Goode, Virginia, Hop. ])il)rell, 'J'exas, State Leg. Smith, Georgia, Kep. Hnnton, Virginia, State Leg. Hatcher, Missouri, Bep. Faulkner, W. Virginia, Min. to Singleton, Mississippi, Bep. France. Caldwell, Alabama, So. Gen. Harris, Virginia, State Leg. Norwood, Georgia, State Leg. Maxey, Texas, Sup. of Indian Candler, Georgia, State Leg. Atfairs. Tucker, Virginia, At. Gen. QUESTIONS FROM EX-GOVERNOR AND U. S. SENATOR BROWNLOW OF TENN., IN THE KNOXVILLE " CHRONICLE : " " Gov. Tilclen lays p-eat stress upon the burdens of taxation we are compelled to endure, and the weig^ht of them we are not disposed to controvert. They are heavy and 2;rievous, and every time we are pressed with their weio^ht we feel like hurlinor anathemas at those reckless Democrats who imposed them upon us. The great Re- public was gettino^ along very well in 1860, in so far as the prosperity of its citizens was concerned ; and, althou£>;h the Government credit was bad, it took but $60,000,000 a year to run it. There was no national debt of any con- sequence. Hence, there was no internal revenue neces- sary, and the great army of office-holders which has grown up out of the war to fasten and fatten on the people did not exist. But the Rebel Democracy, having failed to elect its President at the ballot-box, revolted and tried to destroy the Republic it had shown itself unfit to govern. It waged a rebellious war against the Union, to preserve which taxed the energies and resources of the loyal peo- 510 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK pie for more than four years of bloody war and ten more of quarrelsome and laborious peace. The national debt is, for the most part, a Democratic debt ; and if the prin- ciple of indemnity insisted upon in the late Franco-Ger- man war had been carried out in closing up their rebellion, it would not have been the people of the United States but the rebel Democracy that would have had to pay that debt. What right have Tilden and Hendricks, both sym- pathizers with rehellion, to arraign the party which saved the Union for levying taxes to pay the interest on the na- tional debt and make annual redactions from the principal ? It is not those who pay, but those who make debts that should be arraigned." FROM EX-POSTMASTER GENERAL's JEAVELL BRATTLE- BORO SPEECH, AUG. 17th. " As President, his past history indicates that he (Mr. Hayes) would aim for the best good of the country ; that he would surround himself with the foremost men and purest statesman of his party ; that he would expel every dishonest and unfaithful official, and keep every faithful and honest one ; that he would promote resumption at the earliest possible day, and that he would be willing to name the day and prepare for it ; that he would protect every citizen, regardless of color or nationality, in all of his rights, both at home and abroad. That he will do all this we have every reason to believe by his past acts and past avowals." EXTRACTS FROM THE LEWTSTON (mE.) SPEECH OF COL. R. G. INGERSOLL, OF ILL. I belong to the Republican party, and I am glad of it, and I will give you a few reasons why I am glad of it. The Republican party is the conscience of the nineteenth century. What was the condition of the country when the Republican party came into power ? I know there are those with envenomed tongue who denounce this party ; men who, if they had had their own way, would not have allowed us to have a counti-y to-day. The Democratic party made it the duty of citizens to hunt fugitives seek- OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 511 ing liberty. Such a law would disgrace the statute books of hell. [Laughter.] No man ever voted for such a law who was not a rascal. I intend to tell the truth, if I am strong enough, and I tell you I have an excellent consti- tution. [Laughter.] This crime crept up into the Su- preme Court. That court was a farce. I know all about it. In 1861, if a negro had planted corn and the crop was ready for harvest, and a Democrat had come along to steal it, the Supreme Court would have decided with their spectacles pushed back on their bald pates that the corn belonged to the Democrat. [Loud applause.] This was the spirit of the good old party of reform. [Loud ap- plause.] Imagine the condition we were in when the Republicans came into power. Justice and mercy were vagrants. At the North the Democrats were ready to give anything for an office. The Southern States took up arms — took up arms for what ? Why. for the right to steal from four millions of people of different color. I believe I am superior to the black man — and so superior that I can get my living without robbing him. [Laughter.] The Democratic party commenced the war against the Union. The question was, Are you for or against the Union ? The Republican party offered all that it could — it almost got into the dirt, but the South rushed to war. The great Republican party and every Union-loving Democrat in the North struck hand to fight for the Union. Are you sor- ry the Rebublican party won in 1860? Are you sorry the great Lincoln was elected President ? He was almost the only man who, having absolute power, never abused it except on the side of mercy. The Democratic party was opposed to the war ; that ought to damn them eternally (I would be willing to let them end a little short, but politically I mean eternally.) [Laughter.] The Democratic party opposed the means to put the war down ; they swore the debt never ought to be paid. They tried to impair the national credit. The Democratic party said, " Don't buy a bond ; the South will succeed." If the Democratic party had had its way, the soldiers in the field would not have been paid. They ought (politically) eternally to be damned for that. [Laughter.] How many Democrats were delighted every time the Union army was defeated ! [Voice, " that's so."] 512 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK That's a fact. I don't tell it as news [laughter], but sim- to refresh your memories. " Recollect when I speak of the Democratic party I mean the men who did these things. I am sorry to see men, good and true and loyal, who are with the Democrats still, and who are trying to make them respectable. My voice has no word against those men, do whatever they do, who faced shot and shell for the Union. I do not stigmatize them. I do not allude to true and loyal Democrats, but to those Democrats who are Democrats from mere cussedness. [Laughter.] How came it to this ? Is a man to be ashamed for having fought the Democratic party with shot and shell ? Will the time ever come when these scars worn by Gov. Connor shall be a disgrace to him? Shall the time come when we shall not mention the struggles of our boys and defend their scars ? It never can come! But I say if the Dem- ocratic party gets the power, the Union soldier will have to hide his scars. If Tilden is elected President, he will be the tool and instrument of the Southern Democracy. "Who made the times hard? Who made it necessary for the United States to borrow money? The Democratic party, North and South. And now they say we ought to have whipped them for less. Hard times I You will see what hard times mean if you get the Democratic party into power. We've got down to hard pan. And we are already in the light of the dawn of a revived business. Why ? Because the Republican party is bent on seeing a gold dollar and in resuming specie payment at the appointed time. The Republican party, I say, will pay the debt and protect all men. The Democratic party can find no Haw in the record of Mr. Hayes. He will carry out the doctrines of the Republican party. If Tilden is elected he will be controlled by the Democratic party. Which party will you trust ? I tell you, gentlemen, you must stand by the Republican party. What was Mr. Til- den doing when Mr. Hayes was fighting for his country ? Mr. Tilden was resolving the war was a failure. " I am glad that we have a party on whose brow is the eternal sunrise ; that we have a party of freedom, pledged to the progress and elevation of the human race, and pledged to stand by the divine rights of man."