"°o 
 
 
 • • * «o 
 
 
 
 .V^' 
 
 v^ *>^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 <^ •, 
 
 
 40. 
 
 
 •*-o 
 
 
 ^ "^ «4^ O^ *e»o' .0 
 
 .4: 
 
 ^> ^ o " o *^ 
 
 Ay 
 
 
 -"p-^ 
 
 «.^' vlr^ 
 
 1 . £., -'^ 
 
 

 
 ^- Z-:^^'-"- y^•^;;'X <^^^'Mm;>- / 
 
 
 
 
 <r^ * ♦ • A*^ 
 
 
 jp-nj-. V 
 
 
 
 !?^%/ %;'5?^V* \-'^-?^\/ x*^^-'/ % 
 
North America 
 yind Africa 
 
 Their Past. Present 
 jind Future 
 
 AND KILY TO THE, 
 NEGRO PROBLEM 
 
 By 
 
 Dr. John F. Foard, Statesyille, N.C. 
 
 THIRD EDITION 
 
NORTH AMERICA 
 yi n d AFRICA 
 
 Their Past, Present 
 and Future 
 
 AND KEY TO THE, 
 NEGRO PROBLEM 
 
 price: 
 
 Single Copy, - - - $ .25 
 
 Five Copies, - - - - i.oo 
 
 Thirty Copies, - - - 5 00 
 
 Address all orders to 
 
 Dr. JOHN F. FOARD, 
 
 Statesville, N. C. 
 
 ^a. 
 
 RRADYf 
 
 THE 
 
 Printer 
 
 STATESVILLE 
 
North America and Africa 
 
 Their Past, Present and Future 
 
 AND KEY TO 
 
 The Negro Problem 
 
 BY 
 
 Dr. JOHN F. FOARD, OF Statesville, N. C. 
 
 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 
 
 MULTUM t^/\PARVd ''fV* :'.'.!• 
 
 " I,iBERiA : A republic founded by black men, 
 maintained by black men, and which holds out to 
 hope the brightest prospects." — Henry Clay. 
 

 ! LIBRARY Ot CONGRESS 
 Tv/0 Copies Received 
 
 APR 30 1904 
 
 Cooyrlffhl Entry 
 
 CLASS ^' XXc. No. 
 
 COPY B 
 
 ■i ■ Jr~f 'r tr 
 
 Entered according to Act of Congress on April i, 1904, 
 
 By Dr. JOHN F. FOARD, 
 
 In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 
 
THE AUTHOR 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 One of the problems of not only the South but 
 of the entire nation, for the past thirty-eight years, 
 has been the " Negro Problem." Any one who can 
 add to its solution is a benefactor to both races in 
 America. This pamphlet has three things to recom- 
 mend it. First, it is on a living issue, that is at- 
 tracting the best thought of our nation. One method 
 of solving this vexed question has been set forth in 
 these pages. The idea of colonizing the Negro is 
 not a new one. It has had and still has the cordial 
 support of strong and influential men. The second 
 recommendation offered to the reader, is that it is 
 well written ; in the purest English, and not an 
 ambiguous sentence in it. The third is : the author 
 has given this subject his best thought, and inves- 
 tigations, running through many years. Not only 
 are his plan and thoughts mature, but he thoroughly 
 believes them. The conclusions of a cultured mind, 
 that has been directed to solve a great question, may 
 well be considered. I commend to every one this 
 booklet, and ask a patient perusal of its pages. 
 J. E. Thompson, P. E., 
 Statesville District, W. N. C. Conference. 
 
 3 
 
PREFACE 
 
 For Third Edition of " North America and 
 Africa ; Their Past, Present and Future." 
 Having written a small book entitled as above ; the 
 First Edition appeared on the 20th of May (our 
 Mecklenburg Independence Day) 1875. To prove 
 that America, though when discovered, was occu- 
 pied by the Aborigines, was destined to become the 
 home of the white man ; and Africa was and should 
 ever be the future home of the negro race, unmixed 
 with or unmolested by others. Four years later a 
 Second Edition appeared in an enlarged and im- 
 proved form, though both were premature, as they 
 asked for national aid to accomplish the objects 
 named. Believing the time has now come for ac- 
 tion, the author proposes now to issue the Third 
 Edition, not only to give additional proof of the 
 necessity of the great work, but the manner of doing 
 it to benefit the two Continents and the entire world. 
 From every standpoint, the present time seems to 
 be most opportune and propitious to begin and 
 carry on to a speedy completion of a plan originated 
 in the minds of some of our greatest statesmen and 
 philanthropists, who formed the American Coloniza- 
 tion Society eighty years ago, and adopted in 
 early life by the writer and has followed him 
 through many eventful years ; now believes he 
 
 4 
 
has formulated a most feasible plan to obtain the 
 great blessing ; and having been familiar with the 
 institution of slavery from childhood to its abolition, 
 and the freedmen constantly since, a period of over 
 three-fourths of a century, and studied the questions 
 involved in all their phases should know whereof 
 he writes. Dedicated to Suffermg Hmnanity. 
 
 Fraternally, 
 
 Author. 
 Statesville, N. C, Feb. 22nd, 1904. 
 
 5 
 
NORTH AMERICA AND AFRICA; 
 
 Their Past, Present and Future, and Key to 
 the Negro Problem. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 History tells us that Columbus planted the na- 
 tional flag and religion or Romanism of Spain, on 
 the shores of America when first discovered ; and 
 with them the love of gold appeared and showed 
 itself in the destruction and partial extermination 
 of the natives ; and the introduction of African 
 slavery which was encouraged and fostered by En- 
 gland and other nations and their piratical ships. 
 The original Colonies of England protes'^ed against 
 the introduction of slavery, but to create commerce 
 and wealth the parent government compelled our 
 forefathers to submit, and later the New England 
 States encouraged ? nd participated in the importa- 
 tion and traffic in the heathen population of Africa, 
 captured or bought for the trade, which increased 
 in the Colonies. After the union of the States the 
 people saw a great evil had been put upon them, 
 and began to discuss and legislate on the subject, 
 which resulted in the sale of most of the slaves 
 from the Northern to the Southern States, the for- 
 mer seeing the institution was unprofitable to them, 
 as well as an evil, manumitted the remainder by 
 
 6 
 
legislative enactments ; and the demand for cotton 
 to supply the mills of the old world, as well as those 
 springing up in the North increased, with the aid 
 of the politicians, the pro-slavery population of all 
 the States ; and on the other hand, formed the non- 
 slaveholding element and the far-seeing Christians 
 and philanthropists into opposing forces in every 
 State. The continued agitation of the subject 
 caused several of the Southern States to come very 
 near following the example of their Northern breth- 
 ren and passing laws for emancipation, and coloniza- 
 tion, notwithstanding the increased difficulties 
 around them, in preference to allowing individual 
 owners to free and turn them loose as citizens as 
 some had done ; and later the Western States had 
 to pass laws prohibiting the freed population being 
 sent to them from the Slave States, thereby stop- 
 ping the influx of the freed negroes of the South, 
 which they saw would soon give them trouble. So 
 grave the situation became as early as 1820, that 
 many of the leading divines, politicians, and slave- 
 owners of all the States, formed themselves into the 
 Colonization Society of America, procured a char- 
 ter from Congress and provided means to buy ter- 
 ritory in Africa, created a second Republic, ''Libc- 
 ria^^^ and empowered our Navy to confiscate the 
 ships, and sending the slave passengers to Liberia 
 at government expense. Had not the politicians 
 interfered by fanning the flame of personal preju- 
 dice of '"Jire-eaiers" on both sides, and making the 
 
 7 
 
negro a bone of contention to the injury of both 
 sections and all parties, that movement would have 
 freed all the slaves of the Union and had them 
 comfortably located in their native land, and pre- 
 vented our civil war, and made this a white man's 
 country and Africa the black man's. The tempta- 
 tion for narrow-minded politicians to enter the arena 
 for selfish motives was far too great for them to 
 desist for the sake of humanity ; and the jealousy 
 of the laboring whites that did not own slaves caused 
 them to take up the slogan, which increased diffi- 
 culties, and perpetuated the institution, rather than 
 removing it, as a great number who had inherited 
 the institution were anxious to accomplish. Each 
 year and every election widened the breach between 
 the contending parties until they assumed political 
 caste thereby, just as the adherents to the King of 
 England had done in the Revolutionary struggle, 
 forming two parties ; the Colonizationists were 
 mostly of the Whig party, while their opposers 
 were Democrats (at least in the South) notwithstand- 
 ing Thomas Jefferson was one of the founders of 
 both reformatory movements. As time passed the 
 two great political parties contending for supremacy 
 over the vexed question until they subdivided into 
 factions, as Abolitionists, per se, and Secessionists, 
 each ran ahead of their respective political associ- 
 ates, made the political horizon more dark and 
 threatening, until all Colonizationists were branded 
 as Abolitionists, and all slave-holders as Secession- 
 
 8 
 
ists, which was far from the truth, as the two Clays 
 of Kentucky (Henry was defeated for President in 
 1832 by the unjust appellation of Abolitionist) and 
 many Southerners and slave-holders were honestly 
 striving to solve the problem, and rid themselves 
 and the country of the institution and its cause 
 simultaneously. Though the Colonization Socie- 
 ties (for States were forming them) had started off 
 so nobly, the constant warfare upon them and those 
 most conservative citizens in all sections as that, 
 the leaders of the Abolition element North began 
 the publication and dissemination of incendiary 
 papers, which caused mutiny and insurrection 
 among the happy slaves where they were treated 
 best and had the greatest liberty — and to retaliate, 
 the '■^fire-eating^'' Southern politicians claimed 
 national protection, and a dividing line between 
 the non-slave and slave territory, and got the "Mis- 
 souri Compromise," or Mason and Dixon line ; and 
 added more slave territory by the Florida and 
 Louisiana purchases, and the annexation of Texas, 
 and the war with Mexico grew out of the contro- 
 versy, as well as the annexation of Kansas and the 
 extension of the compromise line ; and desire to 
 annex Mexico to extend and perpetuate slavery, 
 though many slave-holders were anxious to be re- 
 lieved of the responsibility and evils growing out 
 of it, and hoped the labors of the Colonization So- 
 cieties would bring relief, and prevent a sectional 
 war or the division of the States. The masses of 
 
the people on both sides were hoping, praying, and 
 trusting for deliverance and peace ; but the fire in 
 the sedge was on every side and the politicians 
 would not let it be put out, for they wanted a hobby 
 on which to ride into office ; most of them had no 
 other interest in the matter. Three Presidential 
 tickets being in the field in i860, Mr. Lincoln 
 (without receiving a plurality of all the votes of 
 the Union) became President. He being a friend 
 and follower of Henry Clay, and a Colonizationist, 
 would have administered justice and given us 
 gradual emancipation (or indemnity) and Coloniza- 
 tion. If the '^''fire-eaters^'' of both sides had been 
 compelled to accept such a compromise, or ''fight 
 it ouf among themselves under the Union flag, on 
 new or neutral territory, all would have ended well, 
 and this was the talk and sentiment of a majority 
 of voters, in North Carolina at least, as was proven 
 by the vote on secession. When a student 60 years 
 ago, I learned from history that several of the 
 original Thirteen Colonies made stipulated agree 
 ments in forming the Union, and reserved the right 
 to withdraw from it; and if my memory serves me cor- 
 rectly. North Carolina was one of that number, but 
 a large majority of her citizens opposed exercising 
 that right, until President Lincoln called on her for 
 75,000 troops to make war upon her neighbors and 
 blood relatives ; and then as a dernier ressort, seced 
 ed, and her sons did more hard fighting and suffered 
 more than those of any other State in proportion to 
 
 10 
 
population, on either side. A recent quotation 
 from the Baltimore S/n/ says : 
 
 " The General Assembly of Virjirinia last winter passed a law 
 providing for a statue of Gen. Robert E. Lee in statuary luiU in 
 the capitol at Washington. When the question of accepting 
 the statue comes up in Congress there will doubtless l)e a dis- 
 cussion of the great Confederate chieftain, of his motives and 
 his patriotism, of his conduct in taking up arms against the 
 United States after being educated by the Federal government 
 and having had a commission in the United States army. 
 
 Mr. Charles Francis Adams now advances an interesting 
 fact, which may tend to confuse those narrow minds and bitter 
 hearts that can take no pride in this great American because he 
 fought for his own State and his own kindred, rather than 
 against them. Some time ago Mr. Adams made a notable ad- 
 dress at Charleston on the "Constitutional Ethics of Secession," 
 in which he admitted that on the question of secession being a 
 constitutional right of the States, the South had the best of the 
 argument. This address has been printed, and Mr. Adams has 
 added a footnote showing that when Lee was a cadet at West 
 Point, where he was graduated in 1829, he, in common with the 
 other cadets, was taught that the States had the right to secede. 
 The textbook on constitutional law used at West Point down to 
 1840 was "Rawle's View of the Constitution." William Rawle, 
 the author of the book, was a leading member of the Philadel- 
 phia bar and an eminent authority on constitutional law. Mr. 
 Adams makes the following quotations from this book : 
 
 'If a faction should attempt to subvert the government of a 
 State for the purpose of destroying its republican form, the pa- 
 ternal power of the Union could thus be called forth to subdue 
 it. Yet it is not to be understood that its interposition would 
 be justifiable if the people of a State should determine to retire 
 from the Union, whether they adopted another or retained the 
 same form of government. (Page 289) 
 
 The States, then, may wholly withdraw from the Union ; but 
 while they continue they must retain the character of represen- 
 tative republics. (Page 290) 
 
 II 
 
The secession of a State from the Union depends on the will 
 of the people of such State. (Page 290) 
 
 The people of a State may have some reasons to complain in 
 respect to acts of the general government ; they may in such 
 cases invest some of their own ofl&cers with the power of nego- 
 tiation, and may declare an absolute secession in case of their 
 failure. Still, however, the secession must in such case be dis- 
 tinctly and peremptorily declared to take place on that event ; 
 and in such case, as in the case of an unconditional secession, 
 the previous ligament with the Union would be legitimately 
 and fairly destroyed. But in either case (conditional or uncon- 
 ditional secession) the people is the only moving power. 
 (Page 296).' " 
 
 President Lincoln was the most troubled man in 
 all the States during the civil war, and was anxious 
 to settle the whole matter amicably, and showed it, 
 by his '-''Hatnpton Roads Commissions^'' and his will- 
 ingness then to pay for the slaves and colonize 
 them in Africa at government expense, even after 
 having issued his emancipation proclamation, and 
 the commissioners sent to confer with him would 
 have accepted his terms had they possessed the 
 power, in order to put an end to the carnage. But 
 the Secessionists had put the man at the head of 
 their government who would not accept the offer. 
 Furthermore, the same element being opposed to 
 all kinds of emancipation taught the negro popula- 
 tion, before, during, and since the war, that they 
 could not live in Liberia or Africa ; when it is as 
 populous as any other continent. This assertion 
 proved their selfishness or ignorance, or both ; their 
 object was to keep them here, though both races 
 
 12 
 
were injured thereby. After nearly forty years of 
 freedom there are now many reasons for believing 
 both races would have been orreatly benefitted by 
 said compromise. The politicians also said, "we 
 needed them here for their labor and their votes," 
 as if their labor and their votes could not have been 
 supplied by judicious immigration laws ; and the 
 sequel proves their labor and votes have cost more 
 than they anticipated. The history of the Hebrews, 
 and all liberated slaves, proves a separation from 
 former scenes and objects the better mode of pro- 
 cedure ; and the history of our former slaves since 
 their sudden change of life proves that the two 
 races are getting farther from each other and more 
 incongruous every day. The kindly feeling and 
 real friendship which were so manifest before free- 
 dom, have passed away with the elder slaves and 
 their former owners ; and the new issue of both 
 races have no desire to renew them ; but on the 
 contrary, their education and other reasons tend to 
 widen the breach — some of which will be discussed, 
 with other information of the two races and Con- 
 tinents forming the title of this humble volume, in 
 future chapters, in order that all persons desiring 
 information may learn facts instead of fiction ; as 
 personal prejudice and self-interest are apt to mis- 
 state or misrepresent the truth whenever selfish 
 motives are in the way. No part of our history is 
 so little known or cared for as that of the institu- 
 tion of domestic slavery. This is proven by con- 
 
 13 
 
fering with citizens of different States or localities, 
 and learn the total ignorance of some and prejudice 
 of others because of false teaching on the subject 
 during the bitter warfare or controversy for fifty 
 years prior to the civil war it engendered. The 
 term "Negro" is not used by the writer because of 
 disrespect, but because the first brought here were 
 from near the river Niger, called so as its waters 
 are black and the inhabitants are black. 
 
 14 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 COTTON GROWING IN AFRICA. 
 
 It is now evident that the commercial world in- 
 tends to transfer the principal part of the American 
 cotton crop to Africa ; and to do so, it will be nec- 
 essary to carry those of the negro population who 
 are best skilled in producing it here to raise it 
 there. 
 
 When we consider that cotton is a biennial plant 
 (at least that is my recollection), grows faster and 
 longer, the climate better adapted to its growth, 
 the land richer than ours, a greater yield can be 
 obtained per acre there than here, living is also 
 cheaper there than can possibly be had here ; and 
 cheap cotton is the manufacturer's "Shibboleth," 
 we can but conclude that in another decade Africa 
 will ship more cotton to other countries than 
 America has ever done or will do. 
 
 This will work no hardships to the cotton pro- 
 ducers of America, as the joint production of grain, 
 grasses, wool-growing and stock-raising on our pres- 
 ent large cotton plantations will be more remuner- 
 ative and less expensive than our all-cotton system 
 has ever been. Improved machinery, fewer labor- 
 ers, and greater yields will be the outcome. 
 
 Furthermore, the Mexican cotton-boll weevil is 
 now making such dreadful havoc upon the Ameri- 
 can cotton crop, that it is only a question of time 
 
 15 
 
as to its entire destruction. Then the millions 
 of negroes now living by the cultivation of cot- 
 ton must seek other employments in other sec- 
 tions, and come in contact more directly with white 
 labor, which will intensify the indisposition for the 
 two races to work side by side in the great West 
 and North-west, and the race war, already looming 
 up, will be a stupendous reality. To divert this 
 let Africa become their home. God^s hand is in 
 this, and Pharaoh had better keep his off. 
 
 Besides, other countries are looking to us for 
 food and raiment, as well as other manufactured 
 goods, implements, etc., produced by white labor. 
 
 The increased demand for wool which is more 
 easily produced than cotton, and the profit greater, 
 will help to produce a revolution in Southern farm- 
 ing. The improvement of stock and the soil will 
 require more skill and culture than practiced here- 
 tofore, and will pay to devote more time, attention 
 and money, as that will be permanent wealth in- 
 stead of the old "wear and tear" system of putting 
 in one pocket and losing from two. 
 
 COFFEE. 
 The best coffee in the world grows in Liberia ; 
 sugar-cane, rice, cassava, yams, and other vegeta- 
 bles do as well. These and other crops can be 
 raised there with half the labor and greater profits 
 than cotton, corn and tobacco can here. So there 
 is no need of starving ; besides, clothing and fuel 
 are not half as costly there as here. 
 
 i6 
 
Liberia coffee sold in Philadelphia at the Cen- 
 tennial in 1876 at one dallar per pound. 
 
 GOLD. 
 
 Africa is also destined to produce more gold, oth- 
 er minerals, and precious stones than any other 
 country of the world. The late and Honorable J. 
 H. B. Latrobe, of Baltimore, for many years a most 
 efficient President of the American Colonization 
 Society, in one of his letters to me said : " When 
 gold is discovered in Liberia enough ships cannot 
 be had to carry the American negroes from this to 
 that country as fast as they will want to go." That 
 day has dawned upon Liberia/ 
 
 Extensive and satisfactory explorations have just 
 been completed by an English company of ample 
 means ; and all necessary arrangements made to 
 begin and prosecute the important work of mining, 
 which will necessitate the building of railways, and 
 other improvements requiring labor, and the ex- 
 penditure of millions of dollars annually. So the 
 best part of our colored population should start in 
 time, be on hand when the rush sets in, or demor- 
 alization might occur. 
 
 When gold was discovered in California there was 
 a great tide of emigration from the States, and 
 many of them were missionaries and teachers, who 
 made a Christian State of it. The United States 
 government owes it to all of both races of her citi- 
 
 17 
 
zens to open, foster, guide, and protect the exodus 
 that must set in very soon. If left to the tender 
 mercies of capitalists and shipping agents, many 
 hardships and much suffering may occur. South 
 Africa has already extracted hundreds of millions 
 of dollars worth of gold, diamonds, etc., and the 
 work has hardly begun. Why may Liberia and 
 other adjacent sections not do as mnch? 
 
 THE FORESTS OF LIBERIA 
 
 contain many hundreds of millions of wealth in 
 timbers, barks, medical herbs, nuts, oils, etc., and 
 the natives need skilled and willing laborers to lead 
 them to successful subjugation and appropriation 
 of all those vast resources to benefit themselves and 
 the world. The introduction of saw, and other 
 mills and machinery will require capital as well as 
 labor. The white men of America should furnish 
 the former, and the best of the negro population, 
 the latter. 
 
 " The Walter Graham Axe^'' is a new invention, 
 that is claimed for it, to enable one good hand to 
 do the work of three ordinary choppers in a given 
 length of time, ^ith great ease and profit to the 
 operator, and the introduction of that one instru- 
 ment will save millions of dollars worth of hard 
 labor and add greatly to the material wealth of that 
 undeveloped country. 
 
The J. C. Steele & Son's patent brick nionldinj^ 
 machine with all its late improvements will also 
 work wonders in all that vast territory to be turned 
 into habitable domains. These inventors and pat- 
 entees are native North Carolinians and friends of 
 the writer who will gladly help them introduce 
 their most valuable inventions into that great coun- 
 try for the mutual benefit of all countries and peo- 
 ples. Thus it may be seen at a glance the develop- 
 ment of Africa is a most stupendous undertaking. 
 These and other reasons yet to be given will open 
 up to the minds of the industrious colored laborers 
 of Africa such stimulating inducements to emi- 
 grate to their fatherland ;rs to greatly improve their 
 financial condition ; and as their mental and moral 
 growth are equally important as their temporal, it 
 will be necessary to transfer their schools, colleges 
 and churches, with their most consecrated Christian 
 workers also. In fact these should form the advance 
 guard of the great army soon to cross the Atlantic. 
 The scientific world will soon convert the malarial 
 sections of that vast continent into gardens and rice 
 fields, and the cooling waters and healthful breezes 
 from the numerous ranges of mountains will make 
 living there preferable to rny other country for the 
 best and most useful of the colored population of 
 America. The different nations of the Old World 
 have now thousands of miles of railroads in success- 
 ful operation in the Congo and other Northern, 
 Southern and Eastern parts of Africa, and also many 
 
 19 
 
lakes and rivers navigated by numerous steamers ; 
 and it is now the duty of American capitalists to do 
 as much for Western Africa. If not, Europe will 
 soon change the map of that most productive and 
 wonderful field, and draw skilled laborers from the 
 sections of Africa now being cultivated ; while the 
 American negroes can never obtain all they want 
 here at any cost. Then let their American white 
 friends help them to go and possess the land, instead 
 of adding to the social and political strifes now ex- 
 isting, and must continue while they remain, as the 
 chasm widens between them conliniially. Let us 
 take a Missionary view mainly of the matter ! 
 This is the age of missions ! All Christian coun- 
 tries are making extraordinary efforts to raise money 
 to send and support missionaries to convert the 
 heathen, and as for Africa, her own children should 
 do that work ; and to educate them on the ground 
 from whence they came wiU be the most speedy, 
 economical and satisfactory mode. Besides, God 
 suffered them to be brought here, partially prepared) 
 freed and now designs them to finish the work of 
 civilization and Christianization of the many 
 millions who need the Gospel. 
 
 When Melville Cox, a white missionary, was 
 taking his last farewell of his mother on leaving 
 his Southern home for Africa, she threw her arms 
 arourd his neck and exclaimed : " Oh! Melville! 
 Melville! how can I give thee ?//>f" He replied : 
 " Oh! Africa! Africa! how can I give thee upf'' 
 
 20 
 
Slie saw him no more on earth. His l^ones lie 
 bleachinof with many others of his race and conn- 
 try, on Afric's sunny shores, awaitinc^ the <ycncral 
 resurrection. Let all consecrated colored workers 
 adopt his language and follow his example, and 
 soon *' TJic Dark Continent will be ledeemed. 
 
CHAPTER IIL 
 
 WILL AFRICA BE CHRISTIANIZED ? IF SO, BY WHOM? 
 
 For an hundred years these questions have been 
 asked and answered. If the "death of martyrs is 
 the seed of the Church," surely the ashes of mis- 
 sionaries will prove God's willingness to redeem 
 the world, and Africa is no exception to the great 
 plan of redemption. Doctors Moffatt, Living- 
 ston, and Stanl)-, whose united labors in Africa will 
 embrace a century, and astonish the world, furnish 
 only a part of the fruits of the hundreds of conse- 
 crated workers who gave their lives to the great 
 work, while thousands, doubtless, are awaiting 
 God's opportunity to take their places and carry 
 on to completion the redemption of the " Dark 
 Coiithie^it^^'' with its two hundred million souls 
 crying, '''•come over and help tisP^ Europe, America 
 and the white race have furnished most of the mis- 
 sionaries, purely such, and demonstrated the im- 
 portance of the enterprise ; and now God's provi- 
 dences seem to indicate that the Christian neeroes 
 of America are to take up the plan and complete 
 the work. The many schools, colleges, and uni- 
 versities of their own in America will furnish the 
 laborers, and God will furnish the money ; a gradual 
 exodus will set in and increase annually until '■'-The 
 wilderness shall blossotn as the rose^ and the solitary 
 
 22 
 
places be glad for them y No prophet is needed to 
 prove this, for it is apparent upon the face of 
 events. The inequality of the two races here, 
 socially, politically, and the growing tendency to 
 further alienation, produced by the loss of the 
 friendship, or love and confidence that existed be- 
 tween master and servant, and the unwillingness to 
 labor for the upbuilding, each for the other, of both 
 races now and for the future, and the many results 
 growing out of these matters, all point to a humane, 
 gradual, peaceful and final separation here, and the 
 erection of a great Republic on the western coast 
 of Africa. Not only like ours, but fostered, aided, 
 guided and protected by the entire population of 
 this government, as that both races and Continents 
 may be benefitted thereby, and at once. Delay is 
 dangerous ! Other nations are seeing the impor- 
 tance of controlling that vast and valuable country; 
 and once under their control, a combined effort on 
 their part might mean more than we can now 
 imagine possible; while the perpetuity of our g^eat 
 government would be strengthened in proportion 
 to our interest taken in the removal, prosperity and 
 usefulness of our negro population thither ; and the 
 service we continue to render them in their new 
 home would be more than compensated by the 
 trade and commercial advantages accruing to both 
 races and countries. Let Congress agree to pay 
 the honest claims now pending before that body, 
 and long delayed, to needy and private citizens who 
 
 23 
 
could not control public sentiment prior to, or the 
 conduct of the fratricidal civil war (or uncivil if 
 thought best to term it,) and also pay, say ($300) 
 thiee hundred dollars each for the slaves freed, one- 
 half of the latter to go to former owners or their 
 posterity, and the other half to transport and sup- 
 port for a time all of the colored people who would 
 go on such terms. All Christians and philanthro- 
 pists might make donations through the American 
 Colonization Society or otherwise, to transport and 
 support such as would go as teachers, missionaries ; 
 and especially orphans to be reared in manual 
 laboring schools and colleges for the needy and most 
 worthy, as fast as they are landed in their new 
 homes. Educate them there and let them grow up 
 there with the courtry and government ; and they 
 would remain and become loyal citizens. The 
 Liberian government now furnishes all immigrants 
 protection and supplies for three months after ar- 
 rival, and a donation of twenty-five acres of land 
 for each family, or fifteen acres for a single person. 
 These, with numerous other advantages obtained 
 by the change, would work wonders in the im- 
 proved condition of all industrious, sober, and 
 economical citizens thus transferred. The majority 
 of the Southern soldiers did not go into the war to 
 benfit or injure the negro population ; they were 
 persuaded, deceived or conscripted, or to protect 
 their homes, while many sons of Secessionists fled 
 the country, managed to stay at home, or get into 
 
 24 
 
bomb-proof and easy positions after helping to 
 bring on the conflict ; but others, after taking the 
 oath, or assuming obligations of soldiers, most of 
 them became the most indomitable soldiers the 
 world has ever known. They were buried in trenches, 
 died in prisons or hospitals, or returned maimed to 
 live in poverty the remainder of life. Two broth- 
 ers of those faithful veterans who had been reared 
 to hard labor, deprived of many comforts, came out 
 of the war each leaving an arm in the hospital 
 graveyard ; having known them for many years 
 they called at my home a few years ago to have a 
 friendly chat ; as they sat near me, one with an 
 empty right sleeve and the other an empty left, 
 hanging loosely by their sides, and with their gray 
 locks and very plain dress, and thinking of the 
 hard times they had seen in providing for large 
 families, paying taxes, etc.,feelings of deep sympathy 
 sprang up in my soul, and having just read an arti- 
 cle proposing a pension from the United States 
 government for such men (the same proposition I 
 had published in my pamphlet twenty-five years 
 ago) written by my friend, Doctor James J. Mott, I 
 read it to them. When concluded, their eyes were 
 filled with grateful tears, while gratitude and hope 
 were manifested by words and actions. Such an ad- 
 dition to our pension laws would do more than any 
 other to unite our people and settle forever the feel- 
 ings engendered by the sectional controversies and 
 battles of the last century. When anything of 
 
 25 
 
the kind is proposed there are some ready to cry out 
 '''•Economy.^'' The large sums necessary to pay these 
 private claims before Congress, for the late slaves^ 
 and most needy ex-Confederate soldiers could be 
 raised by issuing three per cent, long running bonds, 
 the interest paid by this generation, and principal by 
 later ones, would go to relieve those who have done 
 much to build up our common country, (before and 
 since the war) many on short rations — nobody 
 would feel the burden ; as the great tide of immi- 
 grants constantly coming in, added to our willing 
 population, would create such prosperity as never 
 before witnessed by us and more than replace the 
 amount thus expended. This plan has been in the 
 mind of the writer for a third of a centu-y, and 
 proposed in Second Edition of "North America 
 AND Africa," and laid before Congress twent;, - 
 five years ago. Sectional and political animosities 
 then prevented even a consideration of the proposi- 
 tion, but now, these should not be in the way. No 
 other legislation could do so much to establish a 
 common brotherhood, and start all classes off on a 
 new road of prosperity. "Will our statesmen see the 
 results as many citizens would gladly embrace them? 
 Legislation by individual States could restrain the 
 i-apist (a class hardly known before our civil war) by 
 passing a law to eviasciilatc^ and cropping hotJi ears 
 of the raper, with life service in the penitentiary — 
 if pardoned the subject would be known by the loss 
 of his ears, and a danger of a repetition of the crime 
 
 26 
 
averted. Just half of said penalty would put an 
 end to seduction and bigamy, now so common in 
 all the States, and with both races. Our wives and 
 daughters Diust be protected^ and such laws would 
 be far better than lynching and shooting. I^'allcn 
 women are ostracised by society. Why should their 
 seducers and bigamists not be equally punished ? 
 The pardoning power should be so changed, as to 
 make it more difficult to turn criminals loose on 
 private citizens and communities. 
 
 27 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 A FAMILY QUARREL ! 
 
 Of all the quarrels in the world, that of a family 
 or brethren is the most bitter, oppressive, and de- 
 structive ! This was proven by the continued agi- 
 tation of the question of slavery by the Abolitionists 
 and Secessionists of our Union for many years, 
 which culminated in the greatest civil war known 
 to the human race. 
 
 From our early history we learn the formation of 
 the Union of the States was looked upon by some 
 as of doubtful propriety, and reserved rights of sep- 
 aration were claimed, while a majority thought 
 otherwise ; and but for the introduction of slavery 
 there never would have been a thought of dissolu- 
 tion. The best, most conservative, and larger ele- 
 ment of the voters of all the States were in favor of 
 a settlement of the great national trouble by a fair 
 and peaceful removal of the cause from our shores, 
 but the extremist, "r«/^ or ruin " parties preferred 
 political strife at any cost, and would not be con- 
 trolled by the majority, most wise, and conservative 
 voters of the entire Union. No individual, commu- 
 nity, or part of the nation can have the least idea 
 of the loss of life, property and influence produced 
 by the fratricidal war, the result of the unwise and 
 bitter agitation or family quarrel on the slave ques- 
 
 28 
 
tion and dissolution of the Union ; and after thirty- 
 eight years of so-called peace or continuation of old 
 troubles — it is the duty of all the people of all the 
 States to help allay the old strifes by ''DOINCr 
 JUSTLY, LOVING MERCY, AND WALKINCi 
 HUMBLY BEFORE GOD." Spain paid for her 
 freed slaves. Are we not as able and considerate ? 
 Ours were freed iincotistilutionally ^ as a war meas- 
 ure ; and the Southern people, en masse^ have 
 made full and complete restitution in taxes alone 
 for all the cost of the war over and above all other 
 losses of various kinds by it ; which was forced upon 
 many who opposed it as long as opposition was safe 
 or available, and never ceased to regret its contin- 
 uation, and would have received President Lincoln's 
 proposition to compromise, with gladness and re- 
 joicing. That Secession-Abolition crusade was a- 
 mutual war of retaliation and sin ! It was the devil 
 fighting fire, and the " salt of the earth " was be- 
 tween the demoniacal elements, or between the up- 
 per and nether-millstones, to be ground to powder- 
 but like gold to be gathered up again. 
 
 If the plan proposed in this little book can be 
 carried out it will work no ill to any one of either 
 race, but eventually benefit all of both races and 
 countries. For only one person to advocate any 
 measure of the kind is to invite a failure, but a 
 united effort of all the people of all sections of our 
 o-reat country to be made simultaneously, success is 
 assured ; and to do this the plan must be made pub- 
 
 29 
 
lie, discussed and adopted as a compromise. Con- 
 gress will extend national aid when it sees the peo- 
 ple are for it ! Let the most influential of both 
 races ask for national aid and in less than twelve 
 months good results will be seen and felt, and new 
 life and hope spring up in many hearts now de- 
 sponding ; and if wealthy citizens will direct a part 
 of their beneficence to the erection of agricultural 
 and mechanical schools and colleges in Liberia and 
 transport at their own expense the best teachers, 
 laborers, and children from our sea-ports, and watch 
 over their labors they may accomplish more than 
 in any other way. 
 
 No great work was ever accomplished without 
 prayer, faith, labor, and obedience to the will of our 
 Divine Master. Since the civil war we have had 
 three of our Presidents assassinated, and after care- 
 ful investigation, at great cost of labor, time and 
 money, no proof was ever adduced to show that any 
 Southern citizen had anything to do with those 
 dastardly acts, and our reconstruction history testi- 
 fies to our renewed loyalty for over a third of a cen- 
 tury. If emancipation had been gradually accom- 
 plished, as the Colonizationists desired, all classes 
 would have adjusted matters to have suited their 
 best interest ; peace and harmony would have fol- 
 lowed instead ot the disastrous war and its results ; 
 and now there would be no wounds to heal or diffi- 
 culties to adjust. 
 
 Individual sins create national ones ! All must 
 
 30 
 
"be repented of, forsaken and rest it iii ion made, [cow- 
 piete) or punishments, disasters or calamities follow 
 in rapid succession, for repentance without restitu- 
 tion does not bring pardon, peace or security. 
 
 One of the first lessons taught the freedmen after 
 the war was, that the " bottom rail was on topy 
 Many of them knew it was not true, but enough 
 believed it to inoculate the masses, and caused them 
 to aspire to conditions and positions unattainable 
 and resulted in criminal desires and practices, such 
 as rapes, thefts, murder, incendiarism, dissipation, 
 prostitution and the entire list of crimes. To undo 
 that one lesson will require more time, patience and 
 money than we have at our command, without the 
 relief a judicious exodus would give ; as an evidence 
 of this we cannot draw our proportional part of 
 capital and white immigrants from other States and 
 countries. Two streams of migration started simul- 
 taneously would benefit two races and Continents. 
 
 ANOTHER FAMILY QUARREL ! 
 
 The history of Jacob and Esau affords another 
 sad case of a family quarrel of great severity and 
 long duration. By fraud and treachery Jacob became 
 the possessor of Esau's birth-right, which separated 
 the twin brothers for all time, though a partial rec- 
 onciliation seemed to be had, their posterity must 
 have perpetuated the alienation of their parents. 
 ''Jacob have I loved, but Esau have I hated:' From 
 this quotation of Scripture we may infer that Jacob, 
 
 31 
 
by repentance and proffered restitution reinstated 
 himself in Divine favor, while Esau and his poster- 
 ity failed at this point, a national sin was the re- 
 sult, and perpetuated for thousands of years as their 
 history seems to indicate. In those days Palestine 
 and all the East constituted a vast productive gar- 
 den, but the curses of Jehovah were sent upon 
 Edom, that part occupied by Esau and his poster- 
 ity, doubtless for the sin of idolatry, resulting from 
 the hatred entertained for Jacob, and his God. For 
 some enormous sin God's wrath was poured out 
 upon Idumea, as the prophecies plainly state, and 
 thousands of years Esau's land and posterity have 
 carried the marks of his displeasure. Those peo- 
 ple acknowledge the existence of God and call Him 
 Allah, but have lost all knowledge of His goodness, 
 power, and greatness. To ride his Arabian steed 
 over the barren waste and capture the unprotected 
 traveler and deprive him of his life and money, 
 seems to be his highest motive ; while Jacob's 
 lineage produced Christ and His Church, which are 
 to redeem the world. The question naturally arises: 
 Did the North American Indian spring from 
 Esau ? (as the African sprang from Ham.) He, too, 
 roves the forest as a heathen worshipper, but ac- 
 knowledges the "Great Spirit" and has sprung 
 from a people who once knew God. Esau was born 
 a red man, married the daughters of the Hittites, 
 an idolatrous nation, contrary to the will of his 
 parents, lived in Edom, left a numerous and roam- 
 
 32 
 
iiig posterity, and doubtless all the colored races, 
 except the negro came from him. See Genesis, 26th 
 chapter, 24th and 25th verses. 
 
 How many of the dark races sprang from Ksan 
 we know not, but doubtless many ; and the descend- 
 ants of Jacob must reclaim them, as Christ's re- 
 deeming blood was shed for all and we are of the 
 favored lineage. Our forefathers found the Aborigi- 
 nes here ; and imported the African. The remnant 
 left of the former owners of this continent should 
 be civilized in their native land by those now pos- 
 sessing said territory, and the same people who 
 have had the labors and profits of the imported (or 
 stolen) Africans for four centuries should, h\ all 
 ineans^ transport and otherwise help their offspring 
 into a better country for them than this can ever 
 be. This is God's plan, doubtless ; and to disregard 
 it will only bring His further judgments upon u-. 
 Will not the four centuries of service, with all the 
 responsibilities, profits and losses, a disastrous frat- 
 ricidal war, and sectional strife, and nearly forty 
 years of intestinal discord interspersed with im- 
 mense loss of life, property, peace and happiness 
 not suffice ? Or will we wait longer while matters 
 grow worse for both races ? The mother of the 
 twin brothers was responsible for the loss of frater- 
 nal love that should have been preserved. But, 
 Alas ! F'or a little favoritism. What a catastrophe ! 
 What was once said of France, is now applicable to 
 ^s — what we now " most need arc mothers^ 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 Man is an intellectual being, and must be edu- 
 cated. All are educated in some way, either good 
 or evil. Pope, the poet, says : 
 
 " A little learning is a dangerous thing, 
 Drink deep or taste not the pierian spring." 
 
 The more we learn of some things the worse it 
 is for us and the world. What we learn we are apt 
 to teach others, for "no one liveth to himself." 
 Therefore the importance of obtaining useful knowl- 
 edge. To learn to read and write is the ideal of an 
 education with some persons, while others claim a 
 much higher standard of book knowledge. To 
 educate the intellect to the neglect of the conscience 
 is a dangerous precedent. No one can have a 
 proper education without a due regard for a co- 
 equal culture of the mental, physical, and moral 
 natures of those to be educated. This is an age of 
 education ; but unfortunately most of it is of the 
 wrong sort. To obtain something for nothing, or 
 live at the expense of others seems to be the sole 
 object of many persons in some communities. This 
 is one of the great evils growing out of the civil 
 war and the sudden emancipation and enfranchis- 
 ing of our late slaves ; and the education given 
 them from the public schools has not prevented 
 millions of them from going into excess of crimes 
 
 34 
 
hardly known to them while in bondage, and tlu-ir 
 education was then principally oral instruction, and 
 obedience exacted. As a proof of this, before the 
 war there was only one or two penitentiaries in the 
 South, and they filled with white convicts, now 
 there are a dozen or more, and a very large majority 
 of the inmates are negroes. The same may be said 
 of chain-gangs, alms-houses, and jails, and most of 
 them have enjoyed free school privileges. Some 
 years ago a lady and her escort were passing the 
 lighted streets of Washington City at night, when 
 accosted by ten negro men, who brutally outraged 
 the lady and robbed the man of his money. They 
 were captured in two hours and lodged in jail. 
 While there I wrote the chief of police to know if 
 any of those ten men could read and write ? He 
 answered and said, all of them could read and 
 write. So it seemed, to read and write and live in 
 a city, and capital of the nation did not prevent 
 them from showing the education they had re- 
 ceived. What their fate was I know not, but they 
 should have been emasculated, cropped of botJi ears, 
 sent to the penitentiary for life, and had the benefit 
 of a chaplain. Such crimes have been multiplied 
 a thousand fold in the South since their freedom — 
 in fact all others have increased among them to an 
 alarming extent, and because of their newly ac- 
 quired education. The better class of their race 
 are at too great a distance from the masses. Bricg 
 them closer together here, or what is better, let the 
 
 35 
 
whites give aid to the best and most consecrated to 
 go and carry the rising generation with them to 
 their fatherland, and educate them there, and by 
 example and precept do as much for the natives, 
 leaving behind those who want no reformatory edu- 
 cation to our laws and courts of justice to manage. 
 They, and time will complete the cure. If for 
 forty years these people have been growing more 
 lawless while school houses, colleges and teach- 
 ers have been provided for them by white 
 friends of all sections at great cost, it is time some 
 other practice should be put in operation. For the 
 difficulty lies in the fact that their children now 
 have more evil teaching here than the better kind ; 
 and a separation is the only remedy, and the At- 
 lantic should be the dividing line. For the two 
 races to continue to live here and become alienated 
 more and more every day is to perpetuate a grovv'- 
 ing evil. It is no use to preach one doctrine and 
 practice another. No missionary money and labors 
 will accomplish their proper ends under such a sys- 
 tem. Then, why continue to misapply these means 
 to the neglect of better results ? If a successful 
 change is made on this line national aid must sup- 
 plement private donations. Co-operation faithfully 
 administered will accomplish what neither will do 
 separately. The bonds issued to meet all the obli- 
 gations proposed would be so many ligiments to 
 bind in one common union all the States and peo- 
 ple as to perpetuate its existence, and the increased 
 
 36 
 
rpopulatioii and prosperity would pay tlioin gladly. 
 AH history, sacred and profane, proves all the fallen 
 nations of the past, resulted from oppression and 
 idolatry— oppiessi on of rulers and universal idolatry, 
 but beginning at the head. Solomon's idolatry and 
 oppression resulted in the fall of his nation, favored 
 city temple, home and the homes of his people. 
 While we may go that way, we have notliing else 
 to fear, 
 
 THIS BOOKLET, 
 
 It was the intention of the writer to enlarge it, 
 discuss elaborately all the different features of this 
 great problem ; but the absolute personal attention 
 constantly required caused by the protracted illness 
 of his beloved companion for three years, makes i": 
 imperative to desist with the promise that, as soon 
 as time and means are attainable he will publish 
 and edit a large sized and well filled religious, 
 non-sectional, non-sectarian, non-partizan monthly 
 magazine to be called Tkc Advocate of Missw?is^ 
 and prominence to the Redemption of Africa by 
 her American children and the co-operation of their 
 friends given in every number, and sell it low, so 
 as to give it a very extensive circulation in this 
 and other countries, and invoke the earnest sup- 
 port of all good people. The universal Church, 
 Masonry, Odd Fellowship, all other benevolent in- 
 stitutions, patriots, philanthropists and humanita- 
 rians should unite for the accomplishment of this 
 
 3,7 
 
great plan of redemptiou of a large part of onr com- 
 mon brotherhood. The laws of restitution and 
 self-protection also demand its success. Above all., 
 God's favors will be obtained by this humane and 
 combined effort. The former editions of this pam- 
 phlet were protected by "Copy Right," which is 
 now claimed, and a renewal asked for, and a wide 
 circulation is now desired. Only a short time ago 
 it was reported that a mass meeting of the popula- 
 tion of Washington negroes, held at the capitol, 
 passed incendiary resolutions ; and many other evi- 
 dences of a race conflict are reported weekly in 
 other localities. Another reason for a separation : 
 Some large towns in our State have sprung up rap- 
 idly and occupied almost exclusively by white citi- 
 zens who claim this as an advantage. Seeing a 
 letter from "Bill Arp" in the News and Observer, 
 of Raleigh, N. C, and as it proves some of the posi- 
 tions taken in this pamphlet, I take the liberty of 
 reproducing it, though a part of it has no reference 
 to the subject in hand, unless it proves that finan- 
 cial has taken the place of African slavery : 
 
 BILL ARP'S LETTER. 
 
 A little scrap from The New York World put me to think- 
 ing. A certain Englishman named Hobson lectured Sunday 
 night in Philadelphia on ethics and asked if it was right to ac- 
 cept charity from ill-gotten gains or from such men as Carnegie, 
 Rockefeller and Rhodes, who made their fortunes by monopo- 
 lies and trusts and crushing out the small dealers. 
 
 The editor of the World answers, "if charity money is to be 
 scanned and disinfected where shall the process stop ? Shall 
 
 38 
 
"we boyccftt Faneuil hall, the craale of liherly, because it wa» 
 built from the profits, the blood money of Peter Faneuil's 
 slaves ? 'The Jolly Bachelor' and from his slave trade and sell- 
 ing beads and watered rum to the Indians ? These were the 
 bases of many New England fortunes now being used for gener- 
 ous purposes. We are inclined to say let charity have what it 
 can get. The more sinful the channel through which fortunes 
 have come the better it is that it should now be diverted to good 
 uses. Luther said it was folly to let the devil have all the good 
 tunes. That is good doctrine." "God sent it, but the devil 
 brought it," has good foundation. But I didn't know that the 
 cradle of American liberty was built with money made in the 
 cradle of American slavery. Appleton says that prior to 1776 
 New England had brought from Africa over 300,000 slaves and 
 «old them further South, and for a while they were in such de- 
 mand that the negro traders in Massachusetts seized and sold 
 the young Indians who strayed too far from their wigwams and 
 they actually stole and carried away and sold the son of King 
 Philip, an Indian chief, who was at peace with the whites. But 
 what would not a people do who would burn or drown women 
 as witches as they did at Salem ? 
 
 My friend from Oregon seems anxious to handle my book 
 and sell it, but insists that I shall make more proof that General 
 Grant was a slave owner and hired them out until the surrender. 
 I referred him to Grant's biography, written by General James 
 Grant Wilson, who was chosen by Grant to write it. If his peo- 
 ple will not believe him, neither would they believe if one rose 
 from the dead. The trouble is that most of his people are either 
 foreigners or of foreign birth and don't know anything of Ameri- 
 can history. The truth is our own people are profoundly igno- 
 rant of the history of their fathers and forefathers. Not one in 
 a hundred know that Georgia was the first State that prohibited 
 the African slave trade. Pennsylvania sold negro slaves at 
 sheriff's sales as late as 1843. New England abolished slavery 
 long before, but continued the importation from Africa on the 
 sly until 1861. Our people bought them because they were 
 profitable in the cotton fields and in the culture of rice and 
 sugar cane. For twenty years before the war our best people 
 wished to abolish slavery, not as an act of humanity, but be- 
 
 39 
 
c&aise tiie)' were increasing so fast and were in the way of poor 
 ■Vvhite men and were demoralizing to the sons of the rich and 
 their amalgamation with the whites was a visible curse in manjr 
 families. And so Joseph Henry I,umpkin', our chief justice, 
 began a correspondence with Henry Clay about his scheme of 
 gradual emancipation. My father and many others co-operated 
 with the plan, but the malignant threats of the Abolitionists 
 smothered it in its birth. The other day I had a social call from 
 3ome Northern gentlemen and as the subject of war incidentallj 
 came up a solid veteran happened to- mention something about 
 Fremont, and said he knew him very well, for he was the first 
 man he ever voted for and that he served under him during the 
 war. "Well," said I, "do you know where he was born? No, 
 he did not — up North somewhere. "No, "^ said I. "He was a 
 Georgian— born in Savannah, educated in Charleston. His- 
 father was a Frenchman, his mother a Virginia lady. The boy 
 was a fine scholar, but unruly and disobedient. Became a tutor 
 in mathematics, was appointed a lieutenant of engineers and 
 with Nicholas Nicolet made a topographical sur%'ey of Cherokee, 
 Georgia, in 1838, the first that ever was made." 
 
 My Northern friend was amazed. No, we don't know very 
 much until we get too old to make our knowledge useful. Fre- 
 mont was a very remarkable man. As an explorer he never had 
 an equal on this continent, not even Lewis and Clark, nor Kear- 
 ney compassed half the territory nor endured half the perils 
 that he did. When his men died or deserted him he got more. 
 When his Indian guides refused to go further he went on with- 
 out them. He was called Pathfinder because he found new 
 paths. He was too restless to wait for orders, but, like Andrew 
 Jackson, just went ahead. He ascended the highest peak of the 
 Rocky Mountains. It is named Fremont's peak and is 15,500 
 feet high. He quarreled with Phil Kearney and Kearney had 
 him arrested and sent to Washington, where he was tried and 
 found guilty, but President Polk pardoned him. Soon after 
 this numerous friends began to groom him as a candidate for 
 President. He accepted on the Abolition platform and was 
 beaten. When our civil war came on he was made a brigadier 
 general and put in charge of the Missouri territory. One of his 
 first acts was to abolish slavery in that State. This made Gen- 
 
 40 
 
eral Grant mad and everybody else- who lived there and o\vne<l 
 slaves, so he was reported to Mr. Lincoln, who annnlled his proc- 
 lamation and ordered him to Washington. He was offered other 
 commands, but refused them and retired from active service. 
 After the war he concluded to build a railroad from Texarkana 
 to El Paso and got the State of Texas to give him a liberal grant 
 of land along the entire route of Soo miles. He went to Paris 
 with this grant and agreed to come back and issue bonds on it 
 and get the United States government to indorse the bonds. He 
 got the money and built the road, but failed to get the United 
 States government to indorse the bonds. The French bond- 
 holders never found this o>it until their money was all spent. 
 Then they had him arrested and bound over to court to be tried 
 for the fraud. When the court came on he did not appear, but 
 forfeited his bond. How it was finally settled the record does 
 not tell. He was a wonderful man and never got tired of the ex- 
 citement that nourished him, and his wife stuck all the closer 
 to him during his trials. She was a wonderful woman, and was 
 beloved and admired by all who knew her. Chauncey Depew 
 said he knew of one school where twenty-seven girls were 
 named for her. 
 
 On the whole I am obliged to admire Fremont's character 
 and he was a Georgian. Bii-L Arp. 
 
 The history of the Drcd Scott Case, taken from 
 the Springfield, Mo., Dispatch, is also added for the 
 information of the reader : 
 
 THE DRED SCOTT CASE. 
 
 "A former owner of the famous slave, Dred Scott, died yes- 
 terday in the person of Mrs. Irene vSanford, widow of Dr. C. C. 
 Chaffee, a prominent resident of this city. Mrs. Chaffee was 
 SS years old. She was of a prominent Virginia family. 
 
 Her first husband, Dr. John Emerson, a surgeon of the regu- 
 lar army, bought Dred Scott at the negro's earnest solicitation 
 because his former master had whipped him for gambling. Dr. 
 Emerson owned no other slaves, but used to employ Scutt 
 about his office in St. Louis. Mrs. Chaffee, who was about to 
 
 41 
 
move to this city, told Scott that he was practically free. Scott 
 worked about St. Louis at odd jobs and found employment with 
 a young lawyer who thought he saw an opportunity to make 
 some money out of the man. The suit for Scott's freedom was 
 brought in 1848 on the ground that he had become free when 
 he went to free territory north of the Missouri line. The law- 
 yer hoped to secure the wages of Scott for 14 years during which 
 he claimed he had really been free. These would amount to 
 some $1,700 and Scott had between $200 and $300 saved. The 
 case went against the estate in the local court at St. Louis, pre- 
 vious decisions in the Missouri courts having been that a slave 
 was freed upon being taken into a free State. It was then ap- 
 pealed to the Supreme Court where, in 1S52, the decision of the 
 lower court was reversed. 
 
 The importance of the point in dispute was then understood, 
 and it was fought throughout the United States Circuit Court 
 and in the Supreme Court at Washington, in both of which the 
 decision of the State Supreme Court was upheld. The decision 
 of the United States Supreme Court, given just before the in- 
 auguration of President Buchanan in 1857, startled the country 
 by asserting that a negro, free or slave, had no rights before the 
 law, and by virtually annulling the Missouri compromise by 
 the assertion that a slave owner could take his slave into any 
 section of the United States he pleased. 
 
 Immediately after the decision in the courts Mrs. Chaffee an- 
 nounced the negro a free man." 
 
 We also copy an extract from one of Mr. Lin- 
 coln's speeches in a debate with Judge Douglass, 
 says : " I have no purpose to introduce political 
 and social equality between the white and black 
 races. There is a physical difference between the 
 two, which in my judgment, will probably forever 
 forbid their living together upon footing of perfect 
 equality, and inasmuch as it becomes a necessity 
 that there must be a difference, I, as well as Judge 
 
 42 
 
Dongla<-s, am in favcr of the race to which I belong 
 having- the superiority. I have never said an\tliing 
 to the contrary." This is in accord with tlie wil- 
 lingness shown in his Hampton Roads meeting to 
 pay for and colonize our late slaves for the benefit 
 of both races and countries. Also a clipping from 
 the North Carolina Christian /Idi'ocatc. Rev. Dr. 
 Buckley's editorial says : 
 
 AS SEEN BY A NORTHERN EDITOR. 
 
 Dr. Buckley, editor of the Neiv york Chnslian Advocate, 
 referring to the fact that the Seventh Day Adventists in Wash- 
 ington City have recently established two distinct churches 
 for the two races, with white and colored pastors, says : 
 
 " This seems to have been the case everywhere where slavery 
 of one race has existed, except where a verj' small number of 
 either race attended with a large number of the other. 
 
 " In the cities of the South before the war the whites and 
 blacks occupied the same church building, and in many in- 
 stances worshiped together. Those servants who were not 
 detained by household duties in the morning of the Sabbath 
 occupied the capacious side galleries, the white choir occupied 
 the front. The colored people worshipped in the body of the 
 church in the afternoon. The slave heard the gospel from the 
 same lips as his master, and was much better instructed in 
 Bible truth and Bible ethics than, as a rule, the freedmau is 
 now. 
 
 " The writer had charge of a church in the far South in ante- 
 bellum times in which there was a large colored membership in 
 connection \vith the white. On Sabbath morning there was a 
 good representation of the blacks in the side galleries. They 
 had a large choir of their own which sat at right angles with 
 the white choir, and joined heartily in the choral service. A 
 number of them used note books ; we do not say that in every 
 
 43 
 
case they were right side-up, but some of them seemed really to 
 understand the notes. 
 
 " Once a month we administered the Communion to the col- 
 ored members and baptized their children. We married a num- 
 ber of them, and any failure to observe the legal requirements 
 of matrimony was made the subject of discipline. Every two 
 weeks we met their leaders, who reported any cases of moral 
 delinquincy or any departures from Christian consistency 
 among those under their special charge. 
 
 " These colored members contributed several hundred dol- 
 lars annually to the support of the church. They did it with- 
 out solicitation, and would have considered themselves insulted 
 had they not been allowed to do it. Many of them had the 
 opportunity weekly to make a little money for themselves, and 
 as they were at no personal or household expense it was clear 
 gain, and they dispensed it ireely. 
 
 " A number of them could read and write. The law, indeed, 
 prohibited instruction in these rudimentary branches, but it 
 was largely a dead letter. In many homes the mistress or older 
 children taught the servants. The writer has in his possession 
 several letters received from colored members of his charge 
 after he left, which he prizes among the most precious souv- 
 enirs of his ministry. 
 
 "We mention these facts not in vindication of slavery, which 
 we all rejoice is abolished, but as an honest statement of cir- 
 cumstances with which our Northern brethren are not familiar, 
 and which show that African servitude at the South had some 
 redeeming features." 
 
 We only wish to add by way of comment on the foregoing, 
 that when the leaders North begin to take a rational, and not 
 an altogether sentimental view of the situation, there will be 
 far better hope of the happy and successful solution of the race 
 problem. 
 
 If the Abolitionists and Secessionists could have, 
 like Abraham and Lot, aorreed to go their respective 
 ways in the land and acknowledged that — 
 
 44 
 
"' FOR WK BK HRETHRKN " 
 
 A vast amount of vital force, wealth and domestic 
 peace would have been preserved, and the negro 
 problem would have been settled long ago. But as 
 they did not take the wiser and better course, and 
 as the whole South has received ample punishment, 
 and made fidl and perfeU resliiulion^ now, after 
 so many years of hardship, suffering and persecu- 
 tion should be reinstated in all the advantages of a 
 great and righteous government. And the pros- 
 pects of converting Africa to Christianity is far 
 more promising than that of India or China ; and 
 nearer home. 
 
 Some favor colonization in a part of this or ad- 
 joining governments. But that would only pro- 
 duce delay and invite a fsilure. For it would re- 
 quire a Chinese wall and a standing armv to pre- 
 vent the whites or adjoining races from selling 
 them enough rum, whiskey, tobacco, cards, and 
 other damaging articles to ruin them by producing 
 or continuing idleness, dissipation, prodigality and 
 ludeness, and like the Irdians, they would grad- 
 ually be absorbed — all of which may be prevented 
 by aiding them to go gradually and peaceably to 
 Liberia — a Republic already formed, tried, and no 
 longer an experiment ; but a success, though some 
 have taught otherwise. 
 
 45 
 
WILL THEY GO ? 
 
 A Coloi'ed National Emigration and Commercial 
 Convention was called to meet at Montgomery, Ala.^, 
 June 24, 1903 — -signed by Bishops L- H. Holsey 
 and H. M. Turner, and eleven others of the most 
 prominent leaders of the race in the South, with 
 headquarters at Atlanta, Ga., to buy and run a ship 
 to Liberia for colonization and shipping purposes. 
 They say they must go, can't stay here, etc. Twenty 
 years ago one of the officers of the American Col- 
 onization Society wrote me they had half million 
 standing applications to be sent to Liberia. But 
 misrepresentations as to the labors of the society 
 they could send only a few each year. 
 
 The migratory disposition of the colored people 
 show a state of unrest among them, and the remedy 
 for this is a permanent home in Africa where no 
 collision with another race can harm them. The 
 Boers will emigrate to this continent, and event- 
 ually the negro race will own and control that con- 
 tinent. 
 
 THEY WILL GO ! 
 
 The following clipping from The Statesville 
 Landmark of October 2nd, a Tacoma, Washington, 
 dispatch to the Baltimore Sun^ says : 
 
 Leigh S. J. Hunt, a millionaire mining operator in Korea, 
 formerly a resident of this State, and Booker T. Washington 
 have joined hands in a negro colonization undertaking. Details 
 of their plans are supplied in letters received recently by friends 
 of Hunt. 
 
 46 
 
The general scope o\ the project includes Ihe reclamation 6i 
 ■several hundred thousand acres tributary to the River Nile, in 
 ■the Soudan, Africa, and the cultivation of these lands hy ne- 
 groes who are to be taken from the United States. 
 
 Mr. Hunt is now at a watering place in Germany. In Octo- 
 ber he expects to meet Booker Washington in Africa, probalily 
 ■at Cairo, Egypt. Together they are to perfect plans for the 
 colonization of thousands of negroes. Preliminary details were 
 discussed at a meeting held in New York last month before Mr. 
 Hunt sailed for Europe. 
 
 Following the panic of 1S93 Mr. Hunt lost his fortune on 
 Puget Sound. Later he went to Korea and secured a concession 
 'xor developing gold mines, which have proved among the rich- 
 est gold mines in the world. 
 
 WILL THEV STAY ? 
 
 Recently a few discontents returned and gave 
 doleful accounts of Liberia. 
 
 If six hundred thousand of God's chosen people, 
 after a most miraculous escape from a most cruel 
 bondage, should long to return to the flesh pots of 
 Egypt, It is natural for some of every exodus to 
 desire to do the same, especially the faint-hearted, 
 indolent and improvident. 
 
 "With suitable aid and protection, a vast majority 
 will go and stay. But the aged, infirm, and help- 
 less who prefer to remain here will be cared for by 
 public and private charity by the decendants of 
 their former owners, for their former service and 
 remaining attachments. 
 
 47 
 
A WHITE MAN^S COLONY. 
 
 The Baltitnore Sun^ says : 
 
 An incorporated company has purchased a large tract of lan(i 
 in Alabama on which an interesting experiment is to be made, 
 A colony is to be established and into that colony a black or a 
 yellow face will not be admitted. Land will be sold to settlers, 
 but the sale will be coupled with the condition that no negro- 
 shall be employed as workman or servant, or permitted to pur- 
 chase any part of it. The land of this white man's colony is 
 said to be a fertile tract half as large as the State of Rhode 
 Island, lying in Baldwin county, Alabama, within the "Black 
 Belt" of the South. It is the theory of the promoters of this 
 scheme that the presence of the negro in the South excludes 
 the best class of white labor, which will not come to work side 
 by side with the black man. This colonization scheme is, there- 
 fore, an interesting experiment. If it is found that white labor 
 can do the field work so near the Gulf of Mexico, if the colony 
 prospers without negroes better than adjoining communities do 
 with the negro labor, then the theory of the promoters of the 
 colony will be justified. While the great Western and North- 
 western prairies were being peopled with the very best blood 
 of the New England and Middle States, and splendid States 
 were being formed and admitted to the Union, none of this 
 tide of emigration touched the South, and it was the negro 
 largely that kept it away. Today there is room for a 
 far greater population in the Southern States than they contain. 
 There are not enough people to till the soil as it should be tilled 
 and the land would be greatly benefitted by an influx of good, 
 white citizens. The white man's colony in Alabama, will be 
 watched with interest. 
 
 By common consent, let this colony be enlarged 
 to take in our entire nation ; and one equal to it be 
 made in Western Africa, including Liberia, by the 
 good people of the United States, and not allow a 
 white man to own an acre of land or cast a political 
 
 48 
 
vote in it ! All this may be done, gradually and 
 peacefully, within twenty-five years to the best in- 
 terest of both races and all countries. 
 
 LABOR. 
 
 As to their labor, it is not " the cheapest in the 
 world," as some say it is, but — if so — no race of 
 people can afford at any price to have domestics in 
 and about their homes, whose environments are 
 such as to make it impossible under any circum- 
 stances to become equals, socially or otherwise. 
 
 A VERY GRAVE CONDITION. 
 
 The following is taken from the Charlotte 
 Observer: 
 
 There are foul recitals in almost every day's papers of the 
 currency of the nameless crime. There were two yesterday 
 morning from our own State — one from Iredell, the other from 
 Edgecombe. There seems to be some evil influence in the air, 
 and the over-stepping of the death mark by negro men grows 
 in frequency. What is the matter ? This is by far the gravest 
 phase of the negro problem and calls for the best thought of 
 the well balanced, conservative white men of the South. It is 
 perfectly clear that, notwithstanding argument and protest, 
 lynching for this crime will continue as long as the crime does; 
 that the violator will expiate his offence at the nearest tree or 
 lamp post. But lynch law does not abate the crime, which 
 rather appears to increase as the certainty and severity of the 
 punishment meted out for it increases. It has reached that 
 point that no unprotected woman can be said to be safe, and 
 the menace to the women of the rural districts is increasingly 
 great. Crimes and casualties in certain forms go, as we all 
 know, in waves or by cycles. Let it be hoped that this par- 
 ticular offence against the law and against civilization will soon 
 
 49 
 
complete its cycle, for it is a continuing threat against tlie peace 
 of society, which can never be at rest until our women are as 
 safe in their homes as were the women of Arcadia anywhere in 
 its boundaries. 
 
 The case alluded to in the quotation in the Odscrver 
 occurred a short while ago in Iredell, and the pris- 
 oner could have been charged with /our (4) viola- 
 tions of the law in one hour. Two for criminal as- 
 sault, and murder of a woman; for felony, and carry- 
 ing concealed weapons (he was executed). Two 
 other prisoners were tried also at that court for mur- 
 der ; besides many other negroes for other offences. 
 Tkey run 02ir coiirtsf When will the hallucination, 
 '■''that if left alone we can mar age the negro and 
 keep him among us" be dissipated? The remedy 
 for all these evils is in this Key to the Problein. 
 
 The following is a clipping from the Salisbury 
 (N. C.) Su7i of August 29, 1903. 
 
 Bishop Morrison, of Louisville, Kentucky, who is presiding 
 at the annual conference of the M. E. church of Helena, Mon- 
 tana, discusses the lynching question and gives his views as to 
 the solution of race difficulties. Says the Bishop : 
 
 " I hold the same views as are held by Bishops Turner and 
 Halsey, able members of the African Methodist Church. Bishop 
 Turner maintains that it was by the providence of God that the 
 negro was brought over as a slave, emancipated and Christian- 
 ized, and that it is the providence of God that he be returned to 
 his native land to aid in the development and teaching of his 
 own race. I think he is right." 
 
 The only trouble with this solution (which is by no means an 
 original view) is that it is impracticable. Bishop Morrison will 
 have to take another pass at the question. 
 
 50 
 
" Impracticable ! " This is the arfrnmcnt of all 
 who had not given the whole subject a careful 
 study. If the Revolutionists of 1776 could conduct 
 a war of seven years, successfully without a cur- 
 rency ; and this nation make war upon Spain, con- 
 quer her; set Cuba upon her feet, with a Republi- 
 can government successfully, and subdue the Phil- 
 ippines, give them free schools and an improved 
 currency, all after the greatest bond-issue and 
 gold-basis, contracted currency, and greatest panic 
 of its history, and immerge in prosperity — in a de- 
 cade — she can transport the negroes ; and private 
 citizens will do the balance in a quarter of a cen- 
 tury. 
 
 SHORT SHIFT FOR ROANOKE NEGRO. 
 
 Following clipping is a dispatch from Roanoke, 
 Va., in the Statesville Landmark of Feb. i6th, 
 1904: 
 
 Henry Williams, a burly negro, who, at noon on January 
 30th last, entered the home of George J. Shields, a well known 
 business man and outraged Mrs. Shields and then murderously 
 assaulted her and her three-year-old daughter with a hatchet, 
 razor and pocket knife and left them for dead, today was sen- 
 tenced by Judge Woods in the Corporation Court to be hanged 
 March i8th next. 
 
 After hacking and fracturing the skulls of his nctims with a 
 hatchet, Williams cut Mrs. Shields' throat from ear to ear with 
 a razor and locked her in a clothes closet. He escaped to the 
 coal fields, where he was captured last Wednesday. A reward 
 of |2,ooo had been offered for his capture. He confessed the 
 crime and on Friday was rushed across the State of Virginia on 
 
 51 
 
a special train to Richmond for safe keeping. Yesterday a spe- 
 cial grand jury indicted him for felonious assault and robbery. 
 He was brought here today on a special train accompanied by 
 500 Richmond soldiers and another special train bearing 300 
 soldiers preceded that which bore Williams. He was hurried 
 to the court house under the protection of eighteen military 
 companies and was tried on the charge of felonious assault, 
 which is a hanging crime in this State. Besides a military 
 guard, the court officers, the witnesses, the jury and representa- 
 tives of the press, no one was admitted to the court room. The 
 streets for several blocks around the jail were filled with sol- 
 diers, who prevented any approach to the court house build- 
 ings. 
 
 The prisoner, who already had made several confessions, 
 pleaded " not guilty " but made no defense. The bloody razor 
 was introduced in evidence by the Commonwealth. To save 
 Mrs. Shields' humiliation she was not brought into court 
 and the details of the crime were not rehearsed. The jury was 
 out five minutes and within another five minutes Judge Woods 
 had passed the death sentence on the negro and ordered that he 
 be removed at once to Lynchburg for safe keeping until the 
 day set for his execution, when he will be brought here and 
 hanged. 
 
 HOME. 
 A home without peace is pandimonium! A na- 
 tion is only a home enlarged ! National prosperity 
 is founded on domestic tranquility ! To avert an- 
 other '"Hmpending crisis,'''' this booklet is sent forth 
 to every home. General Sherman said, War was 
 Hell, ! Those who have had the most experience 
 in it will vouch for the truthfulness of the assertion. 
 Therefore, all old soldiers, their widows and or- 
 phans are especially requested to sell this booklet. 
 They shall have the right-of-way, and be waited on 
 first. Our good women should help to sell it as 
 
 52 
 
they are the greatest sufferers in every conflict! 
 The most needy of all classes should lend a helping 
 hand and the well-to-do should buy copies in large 
 numbers to send to their friends, and give others 
 who may not be able to obtain them otherwise. 
 All orders to the amount of five dollars, accompa- 
 nied with the cash, in bank check, postoffice order, 
 registered letter or draft on express company, will 
 be discounted 40 per cent. The express or freight 
 on same will be paid by me or my publishing agent 
 €t tha office of shipment. 
 
 A PROPOSITION. 
 
 If this production is not a key to unlock and 
 ventilate the most serious and important problem 
 that ever confronted any nation of the civilized 
 world, its author will rejoice to see a better and 
 sufficient remedy for its solution, and will gladly 
 adopt it as a compromise. 
 
 To settle national troubles, citizens of Massachu> 
 setts first favored the right of secession by asking 
 Congress to dissolve the Union, and South Carolina 
 carried out the idea, and followed by ten other 
 States ; and recently our government acknowledges 
 the right, by aid furnished Panama, after seceeding 
 from the Colombian government ! Vet with all 
 this^ secession and war are not the way to settle 
 national or State difficulties ! Every Republic 
 should have a court of arbitration to compromise 
 their difficulties, and also to adjust such as arise 
 with other countries. 
 
 53 
 
If secession was a reserved right of the original 
 thirteen Colonies (by withdrawing from the com- 
 pact or Union) said Union had no constitutional 
 right to compel any one of the States by force of 
 arms to remain in the Union or a dissolution by 
 legislative action on the part of Congress — however 
 unwise either act might have been. While we all 
 know the old adage, "/« Union there is Strength,'*'' 
 is true ; and all small Republics (as the South 
 American governments show) find it impossible to 
 cope with stiong monarchical countries by virtue 
 of their armies and navies! Hence all Republican 
 governments should have some other cohesive 
 power more potent than that of the doctrine of 
 '•'•Might is Right,'''' and our Bible is the only 
 book on earth that gives such remedial knowl- 
 edge, i. e., "To Do Justly, Love Mercy, and 
 Walk Humbly Before God." 
 
 The North first proposed secession, and the South 
 put it in practice. Therefore the different sections, 
 parties, classes, and individuals, all should unite in 
 bridging the bloody chasm, making restitution, and 
 healing the bleeding wounds to give peace and 
 happiness to all classes of every part of this great 
 nation, and grand results to all other countries. 
 Where is the individual so narrow, sordid and self- 
 ish as to oppose a settlement of our national 
 troubles because it costs money, without personal 
 sacrifice ? FAITH, HOPE AND CHARITY ! 
 Of these, the latter is greatest. 
 
 54 
 
AGED NORTH CAROLINIAN DIKS IN NKW JHRSKY. 
 
 Following is a New Brunswick, N. J., dispatch, 
 clipped from the Landniark: 
 
 Noah Raby died today in the Piscataway poor house, of 
 ■which he had been an inmate for the last forty years. If he had 
 lived until April ist, next, according to his own statement, 
 Raby would have been one hundred and thirty-two years old. 
 He retained his memory and would recall many incidents of 
 his long career until very recently. 
 
 Raby is said to have been born in Eatontown, Gates county, 
 N. C, on April i, 1772. He enlisted in the Navy in 1805 and 
 served on the ship Constitution and the frigate Brandywine, on 
 the latter of which Farragut was a lieutenant. 
 
 Why was he not on the Government pension 
 list ? Was it because of secession ? 
 55 
 
SUPPLEMENT. 
 
 OUR OPPORTUNITY. 
 
 Colored National Emigration and Commer- 
 cial Association. 
 
 Its Purpose and Plans Explained, Together With Other 
 
 Useful Information, by Rev. W. H. Heard, D. D., 
 
 President, Former Minister, Resident and Con- 
 
 sul-General to Liberia, West Africa, 
 
 The object of this Association ; 
 
 First — To charter and purchase ships to ply between this 
 country and West Africa. 
 
 Second — 'To afford an opportunity to the Negro to invest his 
 money in a paying business. 
 
 Third — To give an outlet to those who feel oppressed in this 
 country by carrying them to Africa at a very cheap rate, taking 
 them from some Southern point, for instance, Savannah, Ga., 
 Charleston, S. C, Pensacola, Fla., or New Orleans, La., at a 
 rate within reach of the most indigent ; charging not more than 
 twenty-five or thirty dollars for the trip. Briefly we have stated 
 the object of our Association, and now we propose to discuss 
 these premises and make them so plain that they will answer 
 most of the questions asked us daily. 
 
 It is the purpose of this Association to charter a ship and 
 
 56 
 
carry all who are ready to go to West Africa in the spring of 1904. 
 There are hundreds who claim that they will be ready to pay 
 their fare and sail from Savannah, Ga., early in March, and we 
 purpose to be ready to carry them. Those who would go 
 with us will get an advantage of a cheaper rate by becoming 
 members of our National Association and taking stock in our 
 ship line. One share of stock will cost but five dollars (Is.oo). 
 A person owning five shares will be permitted to sail free if he 
 transfers his stock to the company. Persons who do not desire 
 to go to Africa will find this a paying investment. Our com- 
 pany being chartered, it can sue and be sued, plead and implead; 
 therefore no one can lose a cent as long as the officers of this 
 Association are worth the money invested. It is as safe invest- 
 ment as any organization among Negroes in the world. Mem- 
 bership fee is but one dollar ($1) to join and one dollar every 
 four months thereafter. This is as cheap as any social organi- 
 zation can be successfully operated. Those who are members 
 of the Association will control it at all times, their votes will 
 charter, purchase, hire or lease ships from time to time, as a 
 majority may direct. This is no class institution, but all the 
 members in good standing have the same rights and must re- 
 ceive the same recognition. 
 
 The business side of this organization is plain to all for there 
 is no greater profit in any legitimate institution than in Rail- 
 road and Steamship companies. The money can not be squan- 
 dered as in many other investments, as the insurance assures 
 against all damages, and our base of operation is not competitive, 
 as so few vessels go to Africa now from America. The outlet to 
 the oppressed Negro will benefit the whole race, those who go 
 and those who stay. Those remaining behind, if they are 
 thrifty and frugal will build for themselves homes and the op- 
 portunity to possess greater estates of land, etc., making them- 
 selves a necessity to the employer, thus the white people will 
 be more humane for fear of losing the best laborers on the 
 American soil, and further, the opportunity will always be 
 open to go to climes more congenial. So those who remain 
 will be benefited as well as those who go. But those who feel 
 that they have been brutalized long enough and are ready to fly 
 from the hand of the assassinator or from the blazing torch of 
 
 57 
 
the lyncher will have the greatest opportunity of so doing, as 
 the rates will be so cheap that any person who will work can 
 pay his passage. Then Liberia holds out the greatest induce- 
 ments to the Southorn Negro ever offered to any people upon 
 God's green earth. She gives every man of family twenty-five 
 acres of the best land under the sun and a deed to the same. 
 
 Every single man or grown up woman receives fifteen acres 
 of land as a free gift. This land will produce corn, cotton, 
 potatoes, peas, beans, cabbage, edowes, cassava, sugarcane, 
 yams, coffee and ginger. The planting season is in April. The 
 gathering season is in February and March. But vegetables, 
 corn, etc., produce two and three times per year, and there is 
 no regular time for gathering and planting these products. 
 The climate is healthier than in Mississippi and Arkansas. 
 Chills and fever are not so prevalent as in these States. 
 
 The social, political, educational and religious environments 
 far surpass anything in America as far as the Negro is concern- 
 ed. You associate with merchants, lawyers, doctors, diplomats, 
 statesmen and ministers, whose characters will bear the scruti- 
 ny of the most aesthetic. Your political rights are never ques- 
 tioned, you vote and are voted for as the people deem you 
 worthy. No discriminations on account of color, taxes or any 
 condition. You are as free to act as the air you breathe. The 
 man deprived of his political rights here feels like an uncaged 
 bird there. 
 
 The educational facilities are quite good, the free school sys- 
 tem equals that of the Southern States. The colleges and Paro- 
 chial Schools are very efficient and every boy and girl has an 
 opportunity to be educated and education means something 
 there, as you are called upon to exercise your talent in assisting 
 in running this government, as well as in mercantile pursuits. 
 Many of the leading men of this Republic are well educated 
 and are men of renown, like Drs. Blyden, Gibson and Richard- 
 son, also Honorables Barkley, King, Haynes, Johnson and 
 others. 
 
 The religious side of life is not neglected. Baptists, Meth- 
 odists, Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Lutherans, all have flour- 
 ishing churches and are doing successful religious work. It is a 
 
 58 
 
pleasure to enjoy religious worship where there is no prejudice 
 on account of color as you can in Liberia and West Africa. 
 Those who contemplate going could sell your horses, wagons 
 and cows. Mules might be carried, but it will cost as much to 
 carry a mule as a man. All cotton goods are useful, but wfxjlen 
 goods can be dispensed with, yet nothing need be thrown 
 away. 
 
 This Republic on the West Coast of Africa is four (4) de- 
 grees above the Equator, running three hundred and sixty 
 (360) miles along the coast north, and extending two hundred 
 and fifty miles back in the interior. It is mountainous, there- 
 fore very healthful for a tropical country. 
 
 lyiberia, though as large as the State of Georgia, has but 
 four counties, namely, Montserrata, Bassa, Sinoe and Maryland. 
 These have each two senators in the Senate of the Republic 
 elected for four years. 
 
 The House of Representatives is composed of four represen- 
 tatives from Montserrata county and three each from the other 
 counties. They are elected and hold their seats for two years. 
 The county government is a superintendent or (governor), 
 sheriff, clerk of court, judge, probate judge, registrar of wills 
 and deeds, county attorney, treasurer and school commissioner. 
 The township government is almost similar to this, with subor- 
 dinates to these county officers. 
 
 The General Government has a president, vice-president, 
 secretary of State, attorney general, secretary of treasury, secre- 
 tary of interior, secretary of war and navy, postmaster general 
 and commissioner of education with their subordinates, such as 
 collector of customs, harbor masters, postmasters, mail carriers, 
 native commissioners, etc. The revenue of the government is 
 derived from postage, taxes and duty on imports. The imports 
 are all dry goods, hardwares, machinery and eatables. The ex- 
 ports are coffee, ginger, palm nuts, palm oil, pyas sava, etc. 
 
 EMIGRANTS. 
 
 Emigrants are voters immediately upon receiving a title to 
 their land and that is always given as soon as the emigrant 
 chooses. All Negroes holding a title to land and not allianced 
 
 59 
 
to another government are voters and electors. None but Ne- 
 groes vote and hold office in this Republic. Here is your op- 
 portunity politically. The news has just reached us that dia- 
 monds, rubies and sapphires have recently been found in Libe- 
 ria, so you have an opportunity also commercially. Today, not 
 tomorrow, as a hundred thousand Negroes are wanted. 
 
 TIME OF SAII^ING CONTEMPLATED. 
 
 It is the purpose of our Association to charter a ship and 
 carry over a load of emigrants in March, 1904. Sailing from Sa- 
 vannah, Ga., and at a cost of from ($25 to I30) twenty-five to 
 thirty dollars per head, children over eight years I15.00 per 
 head and under eight free. Freight at $5.00 per ton. Those 
 who pay one dollar and join the Association and take five shares 
 of ship stock at five dollars per share go free by signing their 
 stock to the Association. This is the cheapest trip on record. 
 Those who wish this trip should commence at once. 
 
 HOW TO GO. 
 
 It is cheaper to carry your household goods than it is to buy 
 the same, but it would pay to take along bolts of calico, bleach- 
 ing, unbleaching, homespun and cotton clothes in general. This 
 information is sent in answer to all inquiries that I have receiv- 
 ed along this line. The officers of our Association are — in part: 
 
 W. H. Heard, D. D., President. 
 
 Frank H. Warren, Esq., Vice-President. 
 
 It. P. Lemon, Secretary. 
 
 C. M. Manning, D. D., Supervisor and Agent. 
 
 Hon. W. A. Pledger, Solicitor and Counsellor. 
 
 Bishop H. M. Turner, D.D., LL.D., Treasurer and Chancel- 
 lor. 
 
 Dr. W. H. H. Butler, Eastern Manager. 
 
 Rev. W. H. Darris, Traveling Agent and Lecturer. 
 
 I concur with the within statements as published by Dr. 
 Heard, in this explanation, having witnessed many of the oc- 
 currences and observed the conditions in my African travels. I 
 heartily commend the same. H. M. TURNER, Bishop, 
 
 30 Young St. Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 60 
 
"APPOMATTOX ■■ 
 
PEACE. 
 
 (Extract from a poem read by Edwin Markham, 
 in Metropolitan Temple, New York City, on Mon- 
 day night, May i8, 1903.) 
 
 " Let there be no battles ; field and flood 
 
 Are sick of bright red blood. 
 
 L,ay the sad swords asleep : 
 
 They have their fearful memories to keep. 
 
 These swords that in the dark of battle burned — 
 
 Burned upward with insufferable light — 
 
 Lay them asleep ; heroic rest is earned. 
 
 And in their sleep will be a kinglier might 
 
 Than ever flowered upon the front of fight. 
 
 " And fold the flags ; they weary of the day 
 Worn by their wild climb in the wind's wild way — 
 Quiet the dauntless flags, 
 
 Grown strangely old upon the smoking crags — 
 Look, where they startle and leap ! 
 Look, where they hollow and heap ! 
 Tremulous, undulant banners, flared and thinned 
 Living and dying momently in the wind ! 
 
 *' And war's imperious bugles, let them rest — 
 Bugles that cried through whirlwind their behest — 
 Wild bugles that held council in the sky, 
 They are weary of the curdling cry 
 That tells men how to die. 
 
 "And cannons worn out with their work of hell, 
 The brief abrupt persuasion of the shell- 
 Let the shrewd spider lock them one by one, 
 With flimsy cables glancing in the sun ; 
 And let the throstle, in their empty throats. 
 Build his safe nest and spill his rippling notes." 
 
 In the language of one of the greatest generals 
 the world ever produced, we add — "LET US HAVE 
 
 PEACE." 
 
 61 
 
A TRUE STORY OF AN AFRICAN PRINCE 
 IN A SOUTHERN HOME. 
 
 (By the Author of this book, dr. j. f. foard.) 
 
 From sacred and profane history we learn that, 
 for unnumbered centuries all the fallen nations had 
 become barbarous and idolatrous ; and in extermi- 
 nating one another, pillage and death were the 
 fruits of conquest, and the captives were slaughtered 
 or reduced to slavery for domestic use, or sold and 
 deported to other countries. Not that God sanc- 
 tioned these acts because of their virtues, but as 
 means of extermination. When America was dis- 
 covered, England, Spain, Portugal, and other mod- 
 ern nations were perpetuating African slavery by 
 buying captive prisoners of war, and non-combat- 
 ants stolen for the trade. About seventy-five years 
 ago a slave-ship landed and sold a cargo in or near 
 Charleston, S. C. Among the number was a son of 
 a King of the Malays or Melis, of Central Africa. 
 Not willing to become a slave and not knowing the 
 English language, he ran away and lived in the 
 forest and swamps, until he was captured near Wil- 
 mington, N. C, and lodged in jail, and advertised 
 and sold to General James Owen, at a large price. 
 
 62 
 
While in prison, he covered the walls with the writ- 
 ing of a language unknown to the scholars of the 
 town, afterwards proved to be the Arabic. General 
 Owen was a brother of one of our former governors 
 by that name, bought him as a curiosity, who built 
 for him a house on his lot near his mansion, sup- 
 plied all his wants, and gave him the liberty of the 
 city ; the only service he did during his natural life 
 was to do shopping and carry messages for the 
 family when needed ; giving him time for reading 
 and study. Having been well educated in his na- 
 tive language, soon adapted himself to the language 
 and customs of the best i^eople around him, became 
 a devout Christian and a member of the First Pres- 
 byterian church with the Owen family, while he 
 lived being called " Uncle Moro^^'' and highly re- 
 spected by all of both races of the city and many 
 visitors. 
 
 In the fall of 1855, the writer was a lay-member 
 of the North Carolina Conference of the I\I. E. 
 Church, South, which met in Wilmington, and with 
 others enjoyed the hospitality and kind attention of 
 Miss Ellen Owen, daughter of Governor Owen, for 
 nearly a week. When the name and history of the 
 ex-Prince were discussed — Miss Ellen proposed 
 sending for ^'^ Uncle Moroy He was received in her 
 splendidly furnished parlor and introduced to each 
 visitor ; by receiving the right hand of each one be- 
 tween both of his and giving a hearty shake, after 
 which, was seated among the guests. He was a 
 
 63 
 
fine looking man, copper colored, though an Afri- 
 can, well dressed, in a long black coat reaching be- 
 low the knees, as worn by the nobility of foreign 
 countries of his day ; sat very erect on' his chair, 
 with both feet flat on the carpet, knees close to- 
 gether, and his hands opened and resting on his 
 legs. He conversed for a short while gracefully, 
 after which, Miss Ellen handed him the family 
 Bible and asked him to read a lesson in his native 
 language. He announced the 23rd Psalm and 
 read it, when I asked if he would kindly write 
 it for me? he did so, and came with it for another 
 interview. I was out visiting other friends and 
 failed to see more of him, but the Psalm was writ- 
 ten and left for me, which appears as written, with 
 this communication. During the Conference, the 
 late Charles F. Deems, D. D., then of the North 
 Carolina Conference, and later pastor of the Church 
 of The Strangers, of New York City, preached to a 
 crowded house. He began by saying he had met 
 " Old Uncle Mord''' on his way to church, and told 
 him the text from which he was going to preach, 
 and asked if he were going to preach from it, how 
 he would treat the subject ? He gave him the di- 
 visions and outlines of a sermon from it, and the 
 Doctor said they agreed with his views and he 
 would follow them ; which showed the African to 
 be a theologian also. Later Miss Ellen Owen be- 
 came the wife of the late Hon. Haywood Guion, 
 and they lived in Charlotte, N. C, where I visited 
 
 64 
 
them and learned of the death of the domesticated 
 African Prince^ but failed to learn more of his life 
 and history, which I have always regretted. His 
 name in his native language was Omeroh. The 
 following is the 23rd Psalm as written by the ex- 
 Prince in his native language, accompanied by his 
 likeness, kindly furnished by the Honorable A. M. 
 Waddell and Mr. H. M. Foard, of Wilmington, N. 
 C, with additional testimony as given. 
 
 The old man died in 1864 and was buried in the 
 family graveyard on the plantation of Gen. Owen, 
 in Bladen county, N. C, and was said to have been 
 a Free Mason in his native country. 
 
 Author. 
 
 Statesville, N. C, April 5, 1904. 
 
(23rd Psalm in Arabic as written by '* Uncle Moro," and given to the Author.) 
 
 )i w;j-» ^-t h^i (jLojo-^-xy J'^^y^ »wJiUu*>j 
 
 • • * "• ^/ .*» 
 
 ■ A \ _, ■> ,^_,jX-a.:S»7'^ ^^>^-AaX^ Aj*-«0»-»-J^ 
 
 ^^.oi', ^©^. '^^-^-^'^ ^ (J li-^iy t» / '<! *j JL» 
 
" UNCLE MORO " 
 
54 W 
 
We are indebted to Rev. John Fox, D. D., Cor- 
 responding Secretary of the American Bible House, 
 New York City, for the cut from the manuscript 
 furnished him of this 23rd Psalm. The following 
 letter will explain itself : 
 
 New York, n. Y., April 12, 1904. 
 Dr. J. P. Foard, 
 
 Statesville, N. C. 
 Dear Dr, Foard : 
 
 I send you, herewith, a copy of the translation of the manu- 
 script. It is a little startling to find that "Uncle Moro" still re- 
 tained a little weakness for Mohammed. 
 
 The curious little square on the lower left-hand corner is a 
 seal, but the meaning of it is not quite clear. 
 
 The translation was made by Prof. R. D. Wilson, of the 
 Princeton Theological Seminary — a very accomplished Semitic 
 scholar and I am sure you could not have gotten it more accu- 
 rately done. 
 
 You will see from this which is the top and which is the bot- 
 tom as the little square like this on the left hand corner. 
 
 Very sincerely yours, 
 
 John Fox. 
 
 TRANSLATION. 
 
 "In the name of God, the merciful and gracious. 
 May God have mercy on the Prophet Mohammed. 
 I am beginning to write this writing (manuscript) 
 in the year 1855, in the month Nubah, in the 
 eleventh day, Monday." 
 
 Then follows the 23rd Psalm. 
 
 Then follows: "I have sent forth this writing 
 (manuscript) through Thy mercy which is named 
 over me." 
 
 67 
 
APR 30 1904 
 
A SOUTHERN INDUSTRY. 
 
 •o 'N 'diiiAsd^xj^s 'MSHOMV aanKVS 
 
Hbvocate of /libigsione 
 
 /^j SUFFICIENT amount of the net income from 
 \j^ this book will be deposited in The First 
 National Bank of Statesville, to be used in estab- 
 lishing and conducting ®ij^ Abhnrat^ of MxBBXOnu 
 (alluded to) on the following terms: 
 
 For Single Copy (monthly) one Year, - $1.00 
 For Three Copies ** ** ** - 2.00 
 For Twelve ♦* ** ** ** - 8.00 
 
 (With a Teacher's Bible, worth $3.00, as a Premium.) 
 
 For Fifty Copies (monthly) one Year, - 40.00 
 
 (With a Solid Silver Double-Case I<ever Watch, 
 worth 515.00, as a Premium.) 
 
 For 100 Copies (monthly) one Year, - 60.00 
 
 (With an i8-karat l,adies' Gold Watch, worth I30.00, 
 as a Premium.) 
 
 ^^^ » 
 
 The Magazine to be in size 8x10 inches, on good 
 paper; 32 pages reading matter (besides advertise- 
 ments) on 
 
 Christian Missions, 
 
 Other Religious Subjects, 
 Health of Body and Mind, 
 I Farming, and other 
 
 ^ Useful Employments, 6c., 
 
 'l and to appear about July 1 st, 1 904. 
 
 f All subscriptions accompanied by the cash, at above 
 
 rates, w^ill be carefully entered and paper mailed, post- 
 \ paid, and premiums sent within thirty days thereafter 
 
 [ per prepaid express. 
 
 .'■ Nantes and P. O. address carefully written, or printed, is preferable. 
 
 f; Remittances should be made by Check, Postoffice or Express Order, or 
 
 V Registered Letter. 
 
 \ JOHN F. FOARD, 
 
 L StatesTille, N. C. Publisher 6 Proprietor. 
 

 J/ V,. 
 
 ,'^ 
 
 ^, 
 
 
 
 
 
 V^^ 
 
 
 •0^ 
 <Ay ^ "■• *^^ 
 
 C 11% * Z^^M 
 
 5sr "y ' • 
 ' o • » • 
 
 <* 
 
 .^^ 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 ••\/ %'^^^-/ ^.>*^^^\/ %'^^'*/ 
 
 ♦ o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 %/ .• 
 
 
 ^•> \'^^V V^^*/ \*^^\/ '