^ " *"^ y y V HIBHARY OF CONGRESS J # ^ ||.u,g.^.Ml. |oKrisht |o I t JMe^.^0% I I UNITED STATES OP AMERICA.^ 1 Iv '^'^g^^^^:^'U' ?l?i4AJJlrFJ VWUUUuWi kyL/.rViV;^w.w^, ^''-mtmm ">'v/wvyv.^'^V4lVV; RiiDd, McNally ic C TECS THW ES^ FOR TOUMISTS OF 1874 Compiled by W. H. STENNETT, General Passenger Agent C. &> N.-W. R'y. I^UBLISHEID B-y THE jjHIC/QO ^ jH0F(TH--¥fE^TEr^N H^aWAY. CHICAGO. ^^^-^^"'^ 1874. THE GREAT NORTHWEST. d £^0 2 SUMMER TOURISTS. In the following pnges you will find a short description of a few of the many pleasant summer resorts you can find in the country north and north- west of Chicago. We claim no originality in the matter herein contained. We have selected it from any source attainable, when we could be sure that fac^s only were given. Great care has been taken to verify all statements made, and we feel sure they will be found to be strictly true and entirely reliable. Much more could be truthfully written in favor of the points named, were it necessary to do so, but we have thought it would be best to simply call your attention to the places, as we feel sure you will find a thousand beauties and advantages we have not named. Upper Wisconsin and Minnesota are unknown lands to most of our friends of the South and of the East, and if our efforts shall induce ever so few to go there, and view and enjoy the beauties and glories of these favored regions, we shall be amply repaid for all of our labor in your behalf, THE COMPILER. Chicago, May, 1874. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1874, By W. H. STENNETT, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. THE GREAT NORTH WKST. NOTICE TO PASSENGERS. Passengers arriving- at Chicago by any of the Roads from the South, East or West, will find Parmelee's Omnibus Checkmen on the trains, who will exchange your checks and give you all information you may require. At the depots you will find omnibuses which will take you to any of the depots of this Company. Passengers holding through tickets issued by any connecting road, will be transported free of charge to the depots oftliis Company, whether they hold an omnibus ticket or not. Baggage [belonging to passengers holding through tickets] will also be transferred free of charge. This includes baggage belonging to emigrants holding through tickets over any of the lines of this Company. Passenger Agents in the emplo}' of this Company can, on arrival of all connecting trains, be found at the depots, and they will cheerfully give all needed mformation. All trains of this line are run by " Chicago time,'' which is 55 minutes slower than New York ; i hour and 7 minutes slower than Boston ; 33 minutes faster than Omaha, and 21 minutes faster than St. Paul. On the arrival of the trains from the East or South, the trains of the Chicago & North- western Railway leave Chicago as follows : For Council Blufls, Omaha and California, two through trains daily. For St. Paul and Minneapolis, two through trains daily. For Green Bay and Lake Superior, two tlirough trains daily. For Milwaukee, four through trains dailj'. For "Winona, and points in Minnesota, two through trains daily. For Dubuque, via Freeport, two through trains daily. For Dubuque and L,a Crosse, via Clinton, two trains daily each way. For Sioux City and Yankton, two through trains daily. For Geneva Lake, two through trains daily. For Kockford, Kenosha, Sterling, Janesville, and other local points, you can have from two to ten express trains daily. Passenger Fares by this route are always as low as they are by any other. IMPORTANT TO THE TRAVELING PUBLIC. To the majority of the citizens of the West, the Chicago & North-Western Railway is well known ; not so, however, to those in many parts of our great country. Operating over two thousand miles of the best road there is in the world, and running through Five Great States with its numerous branches, it is not to be expected that the traveler from the South or the East, could, unaided, understand the vast system of lines that is owned and operated by this Company. It was to supply in part the needed information, that the accompanying pages were prepared. We take up the mam lines and THE GREAT X0ETI1WE6T. branches, that run toward the North and Northwest, and devote a few words to each, and endeavor, with the aid of the accompanying map, to show what we have in the way of a Railway, and to give the traveler such information as may be of service to him, should he wish to go by rail from Chicago to the North and Northwest. It will be observed that we have — First. — The shortest, oldest and best line from Chicago to Council Bluffs and Omaha, and the first that formed a connection with the Union Pacific for Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, California, Oregon, and the Pacific Coast, This connec- tion has never been broken, and to-day our trains make sure and certam connections at Omaha, with those of the Union Pacific Railroad, for all points West. Second. — The best and most direct route to St. Paul, and for all points beyond. Note that we run in nearly an air line from Chicago to St. Paul. This line is new, and as such lias been equipped with everything tending to comfort, speed and safety, that modern invention has placed in the hands of the progressive Railroad Manager. Third.^ — The only line from Chicago to Fond du Lac, Green Bay, Escanaba, Negau- nee, Marquette and L'Anse, by which the traveler can reach the shores of Lake Superior by rail, and without change of management. Fourth. — The only line from Chicago to Freeport, and via Freeport to Galena, Dun- leith, Dubuque, and points West. This is one of the oldest and best lines in the West, and for many years was the only rail line by which the traveler from the Lakes could reach the Mississippi river. Fifth. — The only line from Chicago to Winona, Rochester, St. Peter, New Ulm, Mar- shall, and Lake Kampeska, Dakota. It will be seen that ihis line is 625 miles long, and runs through Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and into Dakota. Sixth. — A line from Kenosha to Rockford, which is the only route through that part ot the country. Seventh. — The old and popular route from Chicago to Milwaukee. This is the only line between tliese cities that runs along the Lake Shore, and offers to the traveler the benefit of the Lake views, and access to the many beautiful cities, towns and villages along its shores. Eighth. — A line from Clinton, Iowa, to Anamosa. This was formerly known as the Iowa Midland Railroad, and runs through the garden of Iowa, Ninth, — Numerous branches which open up routes off the main lines of travel. Besides these, we have said something of our Western and Northwestern connections, and of numerous arrangements we have with other roads connecting with ours at impor- tant points. Some of these routes being out of the usual or probable course of Tourists' travel, we omit them from the detailed or descriptive part of this pamphlet. Before commencing a Western, Northern or Northwestern trip, you would do well to consult the time cards of the Chicago & North-Western Railway ; by so doing, you may be aided in saving time, money and inconveniences of various kinds, and be shown a better way than you have heretofore known. THE GREAT NORTHWEST. HOW TO BUY YOUR TICKETS. At the Chicago Ticket Offices of the Chicago & North-Western Railway you can pur- chase through tickets to all the points named in these pages, but at several points south of Chicago through tickets are sold only to the larger and more important points in the North- west. In the following lines we shall give directions as to what points to buy tickets to, when you cannot get tickets all the way through : MILWAUKEE.— Almost all railroads sell tickets to this point. See that your tickets from Chicago to Milzuaukee, read over the Chicago ^North-Western Railway. PEWAUKEE, Wis. — Buy your tickets to Milwaukee ; from that point you will have to buy a local ticket. The distance from Milwaukee is 19 miles, and the local fare is 80 cents. ELrKHAKT L,AKE, Wis.— Buy your tickets via the Chicago & North-Western Rail- way to Fond du Lac. At Fond du Lac, buy your tickets of the ticket agent of the She- boygan & Fond du Lac Railroad to Glenbeulah ; fare about one dollar. At Glenbeu- lah, you are two miles from the Swiss Cottage, to which point omnibuses carry you free of charge. Or : you can buy your tickets to Milwaukee via the Chicago & North- Western Railway, and at Milwaukee, buy local ticket to Elkhart Lake ; fare, $2.40. In going to Fond du Lac, you can go via Milwaukee, or via Janesville, the same ticket being good either way. WAUKESHA, ^Vis.— Buy tickets to Milwaukee via the Chicago & North-Western Railway. At Milwaukee, buy a local ticket ; fare, 80 cents. 0C0N03I0AV0C, AVis.— Buy tickets to Milwaukee via Chicago & North-Western Rail- way. Local fare from Milwaukee is $1.25. GREEN liAKE, Wis — Ticket Agents should be able to sell you through tickets via Chicago & North-Western and Sheboj^gan & Fond du Lac Railways, but if they can- not, buy via Chicago & North-Western Railway to Fond du Lac, and then buy local ticket; fare, $1.05. Should Ticket Agents not be able to sell you tickets even to Fond du Lac, then buy to Milwaukee via Chicago & North-Western Railway, and at Milwaukee procure your ticket to Green Lake; fare, $3.10. Trains run through from Milwaukee to Green Lake via the Chicago & North-West- ern and Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Railways. PAL.MYRA, Wis — Buy tickets to Milton Junction, via Chicago & North-Western Rail- way-. At this point you can buy local tickets. Fare from Milton Junction, 85 cents. Failing to get tickets to this point, when you reach Chicago you can buy through tickets to Palmyra at the ticket office of the Chicago & North-Western Railway. GREEN BAY, Wis.— All ticket agents should be able to sell you tickets to this point through from Chicago, via Chicago & North-Wcslern Railway. Be particular to see that your tickets read all the way from Chicago, over the Chicago & North-West- ern Railway, as it is the only road that runs there direct and without change of THE GREAT NORTHWEST. cars. At Chicago, j'Oii can take cars that run througli via Milwaukee, or others that run through via Janesville. See other pages for notes on " Milwaukee & Fond du Lac Air Line " Division of Chicago & North-Western Railway. ESCANABA, Midi. — Buy through tickets via Chicago & North-Western Railway. Failing to get those, then buy to Green Bay as above stated. See that your tickets read from Chicago to Escanaba via Chicago & North-Western Railwaj'-. NEGAUNEE, MAKQUETTE, ISHPEMING, L'ANSE, HOUGHTON, HAN- COCK, and the Shores of Lake Superior, are reached, from Chicago, only by the trains of the Chicago & North-Western Railway, and you should be able to buy through tickets to Marquette via this road. At Marquette you can buy rail tickets to Ishpeming and L'Anse, and rail and stage or Steamer to L'Anse, Houghton and Han- cock. Fulhnan Palace Sleeping Cars run from Chicago to Marquette via the Chicago df North- Western Railway. DULiUTH, Minn. — You can buy through tickets to this point via the Chicago & North- Western and West Wisconsin Railways (Elroy Route) and St. Paul, or via Chicago & North-Western Railway to Marquette, and thence via Steamer. See advertisement of Excursion Routes and Rates on anotJier page. M,\DISON, Wis.— Buy through tickets via Chicago & North-Western Railway. DEVIL'S L.AKE, Wis. — Buy tickets to Madison, and from there buy local ticket. Fare is $1.35. Chicago to Devil's Lake, local. Is $6.20. ST. PAUL, Minn. -—Buy through tickets via Chicago & North-Western and West Wis- consin Railways (" Elroy Route"). This is a short and direct route, and the only one running Pullman Sleepers from Chicago, and the only route via Madison, Devil's Lake and Elroy. SPAlvTA, Wis.— Most railroads can sell you through tickets via Chicago & North- Western Railway. Should any be unable to do so, then buy to Madison. Fare from Madison to Sparta, is $4.30. Trains run from Chicago through to Sparta. AVTNONA, Minn.— Buy through tickets via Chicago 8l North-Western Railway. This Is the only direct route. WABASHA, Minn. — Get your tickets to Winona, via Chicago & North-Western Rail- way. You can go from there to Wabasha via Steamer, about 30 miles, or you can buy local ticket and go up by rail. Fare, $1.35 by rail, and about 50 cents by boat. FKOXTENAC, Minn. —Procure your tickets to Winona via Chicago «& North-Western Railway. Go hence by Steamer, about 40 miles, or at Winona buy local ticket. Fare, by rail, $2.10, and about $r.oo by boat. GKNEVA Li.\KE, Wis.— Tf you cannot get through ticket, buy to Chicago. Here you can get through ticket via Chicago & North-Western Railway. It Is the otily route. Fare from Chicago, $3.00. THE GREAT NOKTITWEST. CHICAGO & MII.WAUKEE I.INE. Milwaukee Division. This line is so well known that little need be said about it. For many years it was the only rail line between Chicago and Milwaukee, and running along the lake shore, lias been the means of building up a large number of beautiful cities, towns and villages along its route. Leaving by this division, you start from the depot, on the corner of Canal and Kinzie streets, Chicago, and pass through the following towns : M Is. from Chicago. Mis. troin Chicago. Citv Limits June 2 Belle Phime 5 Ravenswood 6 Rosehill 7 Rogers' Park 9 Calvary -. - --. 10 South Evanston 11 Ev-anston 12 North Evanston 13 Wiimette 14 Winnetka 16 Lake Side 17 Glencoe 18 Highland Park 22 Highwood ... 24 and roach Milwaukee, 85 miles from your starting point. Lake Forest - 28 Rockland 30 Waukegan -. 35 Benton 39 State Line 44 Kenosha 51 Racine June .-- 60 Racine - 61 Ives Station Countv Line Oak Creek Buckhorn St. Francis Engine Station MILWAUKEE. This city is most delightfully situated on the western shore of Lake Michigan, on a magnificent bay, formed by two projecting headlands which make a safe and extensive harbor. The bay is some nine miles in width, and affords a refuge for vessels in case of storms. The Milwaukee river flows down from the north, at an average distance of from half to three-quarters of a mile from the lake, till it reaches a point a little south of the cen- tre of the city, when it turns at almost a right angle and flows into the lake, through an artificial cut. This has made the passage to the lake much shorter, and has resulted in the closing up of the old mouth of the river, some mile or so below. Just where the Mil- waukee turns to reach the lake It is joined by the Menoraonee river, which after winding for two miles through a wide marsh, is lost in its larger neighbor. The two rivers divide the city into what are known as the east, west and south sides. Milwaukee contains a population of about 90,000 people. It is regularlj'^ laid out ; the streets are wide and are lined with buildings eminently adapted for all the requirements of so extensive a place. The business part of the city lies on either side of the river and follows it up closely for over two miles. As you go back from the river you find yourself gradually ascending till you stand on an elevation of considerable height, and can see the city spread out at your THE GREAT NORTHWEST. feet. The streets have a gradual rise, therefore, as you recede from the river, and when you come to the lake shore you stand on a high bluff. These two rivers, the Milwaukee and the Menomonee, give vessels easy access to the very heart of the city, and afford great assistance to the heavy commerce carried on. The healthfulness of the city is some- thing remarkable. Its location, the cleanliness of the streets, the admirable sanitary regu- lations which are stringently enforced, and the intelligence of the people, all combine to prevent any disease from obtaining a foothold and to keep at a distance those epidemics which so frequently prevail in large cities. The stranger who visits Milwaukee is at once struck by its neat and clean appearance. This is due to the care taken in keeping the streets in excellent order, but largely, also, to the cream-colored brick, widely known as " Milwaukee brick," of which the buildings are almost exclusively constructed. These facts, together with the width of the streets, give the place a most charming and delightful look, affording a pleasing variation to the monotonous rows of glaring red bricks met with in the large eastern cities. As a summer resort, Milwaukee possesses many peculiar attrac- tions that are every year becoming more widely known, and that specially commend it to those who seek rest and recuperation during the hot months of the year. Situated on the banks of a beautiful lake it is fanned by the invigorating breezes that pour in an almost continual current over the broad waters. These bring relief and comfort, even in the hottest seasons. The hotel accommodations are of the very finest character. From Milwaukee you can best reach PEWAUKEE, WIS. Among the many points of attraction within the borders of our already famous and justly celebrated country, Pewaukee holds a fair share of possessions, and, in some considerations, is superior to any other. Located nineteen miles west of Milwaukee, and situated at the foot of Pewaukee Lake, nearly the geographical centre of Wau- kesha county, on one of the best highways and most popular drives known to the country and on the direct route from Waukesha to Oconomowoc, commanding the most diversified scenery, embracing Lakeside, Government Hill, and the Highlands. Heretofore, it has been no little wonder to many tourists and pleasure-seekers, in view of the superior facilities for entertainment extended elsewhere, why Pewaukee was so much frequented and always commanded an attendance from the best families and among the most prominent business men. It need be so no longer, however, as investigation proves the attractions for sportsmen are superior there, and everybody concedes that Pewaukee Lake is the gem of all others. THE OAKTON SPRINGS, PEWAUKEE LAKE. These Springs are situated in a beautiful grove, on the south side of Pewaukee Lake, which is five miles long from east to west, and from half a mile to one and a half in width, with an average depth of fifty feet, and 263 feet above the level of Lake Michigan. The Chief Spring A, of the Oakton Springs Group, has been known and used privately for over thirty-seven years.- The four remaining ones will be speedily tested and brought THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 9 before the public if their analysis justifies it. The Dunbar Bethesda Water has been before the public about four years. These springs are six miles apart in the same county, and are the only competing waters of their kind known in the world. Were the capacity of each fifty times as great as it is, there would yet be not half a supply for the actual demands for the "ills which flesh is heir to," if their merits were fully known and appreciated. But the great feature in connection with the above waters, and the arrangement for their use — these hitherto unknown to Pewaukee — is the completion of a first-class building (part four and part three stories high), with ample extensions and grounds, in full view of the lake, and fronting Fox River and the two main streets of the village for over 1,200 feet. These new premises known as the Oakton Springs Hotel, are now opened under competent management as a first-class hotel for families. Oakton Springs Hotel is in every way attractive ; commanding in design, complete in finish, modern in construction, and affords every possible convenience. Fronting on Pewaukee Lake, it commands one of the grandest and most diversified views, and which embraces a great variety of attractions. The rooms for the use of guests are high and airy, spacious in apartment as they are beautiful in design, furnished luxuriously, and sufficient in number for the accommodation of a multitude. The hotel is not only favorably located but spacious, and so constructed as to afford the utmost convenience and please the most fastidious. The accession of the steamer Surprise has been achieved recently, and the waters of Pewaukee Lake are now graced by as staunch and beautiful a craft as floats on any of our inland waters. She will carry a hundred and fifty passengers safely, seat them comforta- bly, and must prove an important auxiliary in the point of attractions here. With the enjoyment to be derived from the various sources of amusement and pleasure above suggested, and with this leading and prominent embellishment of our new " Saratoga of the West," as the journals have flatteringly styled Pewaukee, it is expected that the comfort of healthy families, as well as the invalid community, who visit this "Gar- den spot of creation," (partaking of the life-giving draught of these waters, snatching the balmy breath of a gentle zephyr, in midsummer, from our beautiful lake and its grand sur- roundings, or, it may be, in the still more agreeable performance of the personal duty of storing away the solid comforts of a well regulated hotel), will be such as to recall to their memory in all time to come delightful recollections associated with their first summer at Pewaukee and Oakton Springs. ELKHART LAKE, WISCONSIN. You can reach Elkhart Lake from Milwaukee ; from Fond du Lac via the Sheboygan & Fond du Lac R. R., (to go via this line buy your tickets to Glenbeulah from which point Elkhart Lake is only two miles distant)— or from Menasha. You cannot go amiss if you buy your tickets via the Chicago & North-Western Railway for either of these points, as close connections are made at all three for this point. 10 THE GREAT NORTHWEST. Wisconsin is dimpled over with beautiful lakes to whose shores hundreds annually repair for pleasure and relaxation. Louisville, St. Louis, New Orleans, Galveston, Cin- cinnati and Indianapolis are largel}' represented. Instead of going- to some *' fashionable" wateringplace, where dressing, flirtation and the usual consequences of folly prevail, our western and southern people wisely prefer those secluded spots where nature is so profuse ©f her charms. This lake covers about nine hundred acres, and is pleasingly diversified by bays, which coquettishly wind around jutting bluffs, beneath whose shade the crystal water slumbers. The surrounding hills are verdant with pine, spruce and maple, whilst ever and anon, wheat fields peep through vistas in the forests, affording a pleasing variety to the eye which feasts upon its varying charms. But if you would fully realize the beauties of this charming scenery, view it by moon- light. Row your boat out in the midst of the lake, and as the moonbeams silver o'er the rippling waters and shed their mellowed light on nature in repose, acknowledge that Elkhart is a masterpiece and that the hand which made it "is Divine." Sparkling in the moonlight, it seems like a brilliant diamond set in the midst of clustering emeralds. The lover of nature lingers amidst the solemn stillness, regrets that sleep will liide its beauties from his view, and breathes grateful prayer to Him who thus unfolded such a glimpse of heaven to His children. Balfe's verses, descriptive of Killarney, can truly be applied to Elkhart : " Bounteous nature loves all lands. Beauty wandei's everywhere. Footprints leaves on many strands, But her home is surely there." The " Swiss Cottage" is the only hotel on the lake, and E. N. Marsh is its proprietor. Mr. Marsh has judiciously expended $25,000 on the Cottage and its surroundings, and succeeded in making it delightfully attractive. His table is bountifully supplied with delicious black bass fresh from the like, and every comfort calculated to restore tired nature to its pristine vigor. Elkhart Lake is of no definable shape. It continually surprises one with cozy bays of every conceivable form and size, where, under the shadow of drooping pine boughs, elm and cedar, one can " sit in happy indolence At rest upon tlie oars ; And catch the heavy earthly scents That blow from summer shores." The forests abound in game ; the lake in fish. Numerous boarding houses are already erected along the banks, and all will lie filled with guests. Mark Harrison, the Fond du Lac artist, has a country seat tliere, upon one of the loveliest slopes that dips its feet in the waters of the lake. Boats of every description are contiiuially flitting from bank to bank, conveying the occupants of the various houses upon culling and fishing excursions. THE GREAT XOTITIIWEST. 11 The proprietor of the "Swiss Collage" luis just pmcuased u small stCiimcr which has been christened Marion V. Churchill, in honor of a literary lady. The little boat is a picturesque ornament to the lake as well as a source of great pleasure to visitors. THE SW ISS COTTAGE The building-, large and commodious, is built after those petite and lovely cottages one sees in Switzerland. This, however, is built on a much larger scale and furnishes accommodations for one hundred and fifty guests. The rooms are large, commodious, and well ventilated, and are arranged so that the guests may derive the greatest amount of bodily comfort. In the place of plaster, wood is used on the ceilings and walls. This gives a very pretty effect, being in harmony with the surroundings. The usual ball and billiard rooms are furnished. Every effort is made by the proprietor to make his place acceptable to visitors. Boats and bathing houses are free to the guests, and conveniently arranged near the house. Milwaukee is also the point for j'^ou to buy tickets to if you are going to . WAUKESHA, WIS. Waukesha is the county seat of Waukesha county, beautifully situated on the Fox river. To the citizens of Wisconsin, the beautiful village of Waukesha has long been known b)' name and location. But from the comparative insignificance of an inland country town, it has suddenly grown into world-wide importance, and its name is to-day a household word among the afflicted in every State of the Union. The cause of its sudden notoriety, was the accidental discovery, some years since, by Col. Richard Dunbar, of the wonderful medical properties of an obscure spring in the immediate vicinity of the village, to which he gave the appropriate name of " Bethesda," in recognition of the wonderful and miraculous cures performed by its w^aters. Analysis of the water. — Impressed with the importance of the spring, Col. Dunbar's first step was to have a careful analysis of the water by Prof. C. F. Chandler, of Colum- bia College, New York, In one U. S. or wine gallon, of 231 cubic inches, he found the following proportions : Grains. Chloride of Sodium 1.160 Sulphate of Potassa o-454 Sulphate of Sodium 0.542 Bicarbonate of Lim c 17. 022 Bicarbonate of Magnesia 12 . 3SS Bicarbonate of Iron 0.042 Grain.';. Bicarbonate of Soda 1.256 Piiopphate of Soda a trace. Alumina o. 122 Silica . — 0-74I Organic -\laticr 1.983 Total 35 . 710 BETHESDA SPRING PAVILION. Waukesha is situated twenty miles west of Milwaukee, and is reached in four hours from Chicago. According to the census of 1870, the town contained about 4,000 inhabitants, of whom more than 2,700 were natives of the United States, while of the village about 12 THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 2,000 were natives, and only 700 of foreign birth. The enumerated population of the villag^e, included only persons residing^ strictly within the lines of the corporation, and if those are counted who would naturally be classed as residents, the figures would probably be about 3,500. Nearly every citizen, wlio owns a piece of kind, has a spring or well upon it, which he claims as the best medicinal water in Waukesha. The old stand-by, however, is the " Bethesda," for the efficacy of the waters, of which testimonials pour in daily to such an extent that old residents become somewhat nauseated at seeing them, though there are few so audacious as to doubt the beneficent pi-operties of the sparkling, but tasteless, fiuid. Of churches there are enough in Waukesha to satisfy the most religiously inclined, whether they worship in German or English. Of hotels, tliere arc half a dozen, of which all but one are staid, demure hostelries ot the st>!e of fifty years ago, and the single exception is little better in appearance than the others, though its prices and inner arrangements are more metropolitan. Every private house, nearly, receives guests, at prices not varying much from five dollars per week for mom and bo.ird. In the summer, private houses and hotels are filled to ovei-flowing. When the Fountain House is opened, which is expected to happen in June, we have no doubt that the daintiest tastes can be gratified here in the way of hotel life. You should also buy your tickets to Milwaukee, via the Chicago & North-Western Railway, if you are destined for THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 13 OCONOMOWOC, AVIS. The name Oconomowoc is from the Pottawatomie tongue, signifying Beavers' place. Another romantic rendering of the word mattes it " Beautiful Waters — Home of the Winds." Oconomowoc is distant from Milwaukee thirty-one miles, and from Chicago one hundred and sixteen miles. The population is 2,000. It is delightfully situated on Fowler's Lake and Lac La Belle, two of a chain of forty-four lakes, none of which are more than ten miles dist'-mt. Fowler's lake is 2S1 feet and Lac La Belle 273 feet above the level of Lake Michigan. Oconomowoc lake, 283 feet above the level of Lake Michigan, is distant about one mile. The drive between the lakes is a favorite one. A short walk from any of the hotel? brings the Tourist to the point where the waters of Fowler's lake, by a short and narrow outlet, spanned by a handsome bridge, escape by a considerable fall into Lac La Belle. Oconomowoc lies on the shores of these pretty lakes. Some tasteful residences are sprinkled on shores as fair as ever the sun shone on, and located on sites which are simply charming. The two lakes are about three miles in length. Boats ply on both lakes. A steamboat, capable of accommodating sixty pas- sengers, runs on Lac La Belle. Two islands dot this lake, one of nine acres and the other of four. The gravel beach'of the islands slopes gradually into the water and affords fine bathing grounds. The islands are favorite resorts for picnic parties, and visitors pass many days there. Mosquitoes are unknown. Good drives extend for miles, and the fish- ing is excellent. Mineral water, far famed, of uncloubted curative properties, and pleasant to the taste, flows freely for all. Located close to the shores of Fowler's lake are three first-class hotels ; The Townsend House, La Belle House, and Draper Hall. At Milwaukee you have the Milwaukee & Northern, and the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western Railroads to use, if you wish to reach points on those lines, and you have the new Milwaukee & Fond du Lac Air Line, or North-Western Union Division of the Chicago town is situated at the head of the Bay of Kewenaw, west of Marquette, and can be reached from there by rail or by steamer. It is a new town, but of growing importance, 24 THE GREAT NORTHWEST. as it is the western terminus of the Marquette, Houghton & Ontonagon Railroad, and the shipping point for a large territory tributary to it on the west. HOUGHTON AND HANCOCK, Situated on the Kewenaw peninsula, are towns of considerable size. They are on oppo- site sides of the river, and are rivals in trade and aspirations. From Hancock northward for twelve miles runs a railroad terminating at the Calumet mine. To the curious in regard to the mineral wealth of our country the vicinity of these towns offers a large field for investigation. MARQUETTE TO DUI.UTH, VIA THE NEW LINE OF SIDE- WHEEL STEAMERS. These elegant boats leave Marquette in the morning, and pass by the Huron islands^ Manitou Island, around Kewenaw Point, past Fort William, Eagle Harbor, Eagle River, Ontonagon, the Pewabic Copper Mines, Copper Harbor, Ashland, Bayfield, and so up to Fond du Lac and Duluth. We have an attractive trip on magnificent boats over the largest lake in the world. Lake Superior is noted for its clear, cold water (it being so clear that from the deck of the steamer you can plainly see the great lake trout playing in the water forty feet below the surface) ; you pass within sight of the shores of the lake, which are in many places mountainous, and clothed in the verdure of the pine, hemlock, spruce, fir, and other evergreen trees. A more delightful trip for the hot days of summer cannot be had within the bounds of the American continent. The steamers are large, staunch, finely equipped, and commanded by officers whose superiors in courtesy and kindness cannot be found anywhere. This trip alone is worth, to the lover of nature, more than the price charged for any ticket noted in these pages. DULUTH. County seat of St. Louis county, Minn., situated at the head of Lake Superior and at the northern terminus of the Lake Superior & Mississippi Railway, and the eastern ter- minus of the Northern Pacific Railroad. The location of round house, machine, car and repair shops, etc. Here at the " zenith city of the unsalted seas," we are on the shores of "Gitchie Gumie," — the big sea water of the ancient Dakotas, and are in the parts being made famous by the building of the great northern route to the Pacific ocean. Some months ago a number of gentlemen connected with the Eastern Press made an excursion to the lands of the Northern Pacific R. R., and in their report they say : " The first place visited was Duluth, and that lively, self-confident, and promising little city seems to have won the applause of the whole party. Gov. Bross expressed about the average verdict when he wrote the following to the Chicago Tribune. And this estimate of the future of Duluth is the more significant coming from a representative of Chicago, some of whose citizens have chosen to look upon Duluth as a rising competitor for the grain trade of the New Northwest. THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 26 " 'About four o'clock on Thursday afternoon (July 20), our steamer reached the whart of the new city of Duluth, the terminus of a railway from St. Paul, and also the lake ter- minus of the Northern Pacific R'y- When the location of Duluth was first pointed out to the writer, on the map, having seen it sixteen years ago, the cost of building adequate docks seemed an insuperable difficulty in the way of becoming a great city. But the cut- ting of the canal through Minnesota Point, 250 feet wide, into the Bay of Superior, will give Duiuth one of the best 0/ harbors. By a southeast and east or northeast wind, the only direction to be feared, a vessel will run directly into the harbor, and of course be safe. The canal is open ; steamers pass through it, and docks are being put down on either side. " 'Duluth is only some two years old ; and j'et its citizens now claim a population of 4, nomonee, and other noted lutnber towns, and finally cross the River St. Croix at Hudson* This river is the dividing line between Wisconsin and Minnesota. From Hudson you have a branch line to Richmond, some twelve miles north. A few miles beyond you reach a branch to Stillwater, a flourishing town on the St. Croix river. A fifteen mile ride brings you to 8t. Paul, and here you rest or push on eleven miles further to the active, bustling cities of Minneapolis and St. Anthony. ST. PAUL, MINN. Minnesota has so long been celebrated for its dry, healthful and invigorating' climate, and has been so well brought before the notice of health and pleasure seekers, that it is useless for us to take up your time with any lengthy description of the State, its cities, or in fact, anything relating thereto,we feel sure all that you need to know is where to go and how to get there, and your own good judgment or choice will supply the rest. St. Paul is he largest city in the State, and is ^/ie derived from the free use of the water, until the hotels of the place, together with the juivatc boardiuj; Iiduscs, were iiterallj' crowded with people wlio had gf)ne thither In It" t this iu;\\ly ilisc(jvcrcil remedy for almost every disease known to the medical profes-X sinii. Diirin.i; llie year iS/i, not less tlian 12,000 strangers i):u-took of tiie Iie;iling water of this rcinaika!)lc Weil, wtio, witliout a single exception, made unreserved ackiiowledg- iiiciit of tlic l)..ncfits tliey li.iil received 111 consequence thereof. During the yeiir 1873, tiie j list of visitors to Sparta, for tlie purpose of testing the medicinal properties of the water there, shows the number to have been 25,000, all of whom are ready to add their testimony l{ to those who had preceded them, as to the remarkable effect of the water in alleviating their sufferings, and effecting permanent cures. Subsequently, and in January, 1874, the apparent growing qualities of the water led to a more thorough analysis of it made by Prof. J. M. Hirsh, as given below, revealing the fact that the water has no superior as a chaly- beate and tonic water on this Continent or in Europe. TttE GREAT NOtlTirWEsT. 37 HEAWNG WATERS. The healing properties of these mineral wells were discovered soon after the sinking of the first one, in October, 1867, which led our physicians, and also several chemists, to the investigation of its medicinal properties, when it was discovered that the water contained many valuable elements known to the Materia Medica. Analysis of Water. — In 1,000 parts there are : Grains. Carbonate of Iron - ^905 Carbonate of Magnesia _ 202 Carbonate of Lime- .054 Sulphate of Soda. , _ .301 Sulphate of Potassium .126 Sulphate of Lime. .047 Chloride of Potassium . 005 Chloride of Sodium .253 Iodide of Iron .222 Iodide of Sodium . ogS Phosphate of Soda. .118 Aluminum .069 Silica .013 Organic Matter a traC'~, Temperature of Water. _. .50 deg. F. Still going westward, you piss through Biinqfor, Salem, Winona Junction, On:iI:iska, Trempealeau, and reach Winona, Minn., 299 miles from Chicago. At Winona you cross the Mississippi river on a substantial bridge, owned by the Chicago & North- western Railway. WINONA, MINN. Winona, the largest and most important commei'cial city in Southern Minnesota, and the third in point of population in tlie State, is the county seat of Winona county, and is situ;ited on a beautiful level prairie, on the west bank of the Mississippi river. The first white settlement made in this place, was in 1851. Winona is noted for the natural beauty of its site ; for its healthfulness ; for the air of taste, comfort and culture whicli pervades its residences ; for its excellent system ot schools ; and generally for its thrift, energy, and commercial activity. It has the best system of graded schools in Minnesota, and is, in addition, the seat of the First State Nor- mal School — an exceedingly well-conducted and successful institution for the training ol teachers. The business portion of the town is compactly and substantially built of brick and THE GREAT NOTITHWESI^. stone— the streets are wide and regularly laid out — and its whole appearance betokens business activity and prosperity. We have thus briefly sketched the history and business condition of the beautiful and prosperous young city of Winona. Having attained its present growth and prosperity under many adverse circumstances, there is abundant reason to believe that now, with important and increasing railroad facilities secured — with a position admirably adapted to the carrying on of extended commercial and manufacturing operations — and with a lilieral minded and energetic population — its future will be as bright and successful as its most'sanguine founders ever dared to hope for. The line from Elroy to Winona Junction (57 miles) is new, and was only opened for travel in September, 1873. It was built at great expense by this Company to form a con- nection with the La Crosse, Trempealeau & Prescott, and Winona & St, Peter Railroads which had sometime since been purchased by this Company. Leaving Winona you pass through Minnesota City, Lewiston, Utica, St. Charles, Dover Centre, Eyota, Rochester, Kasson, Dodge Centre, Havana, and reach Owatonna, 389 miles from Chicago. At this point you cross the Iowa branch of the Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad, by which you can, from Owatonna, reach Faril:)ault, Farmington, etc. Still going westward, you pass through Waseca, Janesville, Mankato, Kasota, and reach St. Peter, where you strike the line of tlie St. Paul & Sioux City Railroad, which will take you to Heron Lake, Worthington, etc. Pursuing your journey you reach New Uhn, (468 miles from Chicago), and are at the stene of one of the most horrible Indian massacres that has ever taken place on this con- tinent. In 1862, without cause or warning, the Sioux Indians, who had peaceably resided in this vicitiity with the early white settlers, seemed to become wild for blood and slaughter. They put on their war paint, and began to pillage and murder all who came within tlieir wide track. Soon several himdred of the settlers were killed, and the rest made prisoners, or driven oiT. Troops were sent into the field. The rest is soon told. The Indians were all killed or captured, and the captured, .after months of confinement in military camps, were banished to the unsettled country beyond the Missouri river. The result was that Minnesota and Eastern Dakota permanently got rid of a troublesome and treacherous poi)ulation, and in its place she has the people from New England, and the East, from Germany, Norwav, Sweden, and all parts of Europe, and has settled up her waste places f ister, perliaps, than any other Northwestern State. Great good has thus been forced out of a great wrong, and the comparatively few suffered to benefit the coming many. To tlie farmer, this line of our road offers many inducements. Cheap lands, excellent soil, good water, fine grazing, and certain crops. The country is well watered ; pretty little lakes and numerous streams abound, which, while aiding to beautify, largely help to make the country more valuable to the planter by insuring it against drought. THE GKEAT NORTHWEST. WABASHA, MINNESOTA. Wabasha is situated on the Mississippi River, at the foot of Lake Pepin, nearly opposite the mouth of the Chippewa River, a stream navigable for light draught boats to the fails, some ninety miles, upon which a daily line of steamers ply. From the earliest time of the white man's advent into this region of country, it was an Indian trading post of much importance, and up to the year 1830, it was the centre or capital of the great nation of the Dakota or Sioux tribe of Indians, the greatest and most powerful confederation of Indians on the American Continent. It was here that the King or Grand " Sachem " resided ; the city bears his name " Wa- basha." Here annually assembled the warriors and chief men of the nation. Here they held their feasts, their councils of war, here they held their religious ceremonies, and here they buried their dead, as hundreds of mounds in and around the city testify. Fortifications for defense are still plainly discernible, and, near by, a body of seventy- five mounds placed in a circular form overlook the Mississippi, which contain the bones, ashes, and other relics of the dim and distant past. As a point where the invalid, and the wearied and worn man of business can rest free from the bustle and cares of life and recuperate their depleted bodies, no better point can be found. To the tourist, the man of pleasure, and the sportsman, rare enjoyments are presented, and no point in the Northwest offers as great a variety. To the angler it is his Eldorado. Hundreds of spring brooks, tributaries of the Chippewa, O'Bufand Tombia Rivers, which empty into the Mississippi near the city of Wabasha, are well stored with that sure sporting fish, the speckled trout. For larger and more exciting prey, the angler must resort to the Mississippi, where will be found the Black, White and Striped Bass, weighing from four to ten pounds, which con- gregate in innumerable numbers at the foot of Lake Pepin, just where the waters of that Lake fall into the river proper, making it the most superb trolling grounds in the world, for this noble fish. Pike and Pickerel abound in the Mississippi in large numbers, and are taken, weighing from five to forty pounds; this exciting sport can be enjoyed by ladies and children, within the city in perfect safety. For the sportsman who follows his dog and carries his breech loader, his rapacity here can be glutted, for here is the home of the Prairie Hen, the Ruflfled and Pinnated Grouse, the Woodcock, the Quail, and the innumerable family of Duck and Goose tribe, together with that noble game, the Elk, the Deer, and the Bear, all of which are easy of access by water or land. The visitor at all times can find guides among the remnants of the Indians and their relations, to conduct them to the most certain spots for good sport. Ascending the bluffs back of the city, a loveliness and grandeur of scene is spread out before the eye, stretching far away over Lake Pepin, (the Horicon of the West) and far up the great valley of the Chippewa River, giving you an isometric view, more grand and picturesque than the far-famed Yo Semite Valley, which js awaiting the pencil of tb? artist to give it a world wide fame. 40 THE GREAT NORTHWEST. Good accommodations can be obtained at far less cost than can be had at places where less pleasure and less comfort can be found. To reach this point you should buy your railroad tickets by the Chicago & North- western Railway to Winona. From thence you can go by rail or by steamer as you may elect. FKONTENAC, ON LAKE PEPIN. Frontenac has a National reputation for the beauty of its scenery, its perfection of the Minnesota climate, the varied interest of its drives, and its facilities for boating, bathing, trout fishing and grouse shooting. Wise forethought, guided by cultivated taste, and inspired by a liberal confidence in the growing greatness of the Mississippi Valley, has planned Frontenac to be the Newport of the Northwest, the site of the Hotels, and summer residences of the future. Even now, the expenditure of money has been made so in harmony with the wealth of nature's gifts that it is already one of the most charming summer resorts in the land. Two parks ex- tending through the village plat, one on the lake front, and one in front of the second terrace, secure to the choice residence blocks the most lovely views of wide expanses of water, of cliffs, of wooded gorges and of prairie slopes. Yachts and row boats, of the finest model, invite the guests to the pleasures of aquatic sports. A small steamer makes daily trips to the various lake ports. The passing of the commerce of the Northwest through the lake, gives constantly new objects of interest to the water view. The numerous steamboats, the great rafts of pine logs or lumber, the tow boats with their wheat laden barges, all contribute to prevent monotony. The Steam- boat Landing is on the Lake Side Hotel grounds. Frontenac is the centre of the finest region in the Northwest for both trout fishing and gi-ouse shooting. It is one of the very few places where these two sports can be had together, and there is no place where they can be had together in such excellence and with such ease of access to the sportsman. A drive of six miles up the valley of Wells Creek, through highly cultivated farms, will reach the fishing grounds on this stream, and from there, for eight miles more, the road winds along the bank of the stream, so that there need be no fatigue in securing a good basket of trout. A i-ow or sail of half an hour from the hotel, across the lake, and a pleasant walk of half a mile, introduces the angler to an inexhaustible and never disappointing supply of trout in Pine Creek, and a drive of ten miles will make him acquainted with the three and four pound trout of Rush River, and with the dark forests, the overhanging rocks, and the sparkling waters of that finest of all the trout streams. The drive of six miles to Lake City, along the shore of the lake, affords many interesting views, especially of that bold bluff, always in sight, noted in song and story as the " Maiden's Rock." Every lover, and every one who delights in Indian legend, knows the tale which has lent an interest, beyond the charrn of scenery, to this crag on the shore of Ijake Pepin, lir^ THE GREAT NORTHWEST. '* The beautiful Winona, refused by her father to her lover, a young Dakota warrior, but promised by her father to an old chief, dressed herself with bridal garments, placed a wreath of wild flowers on her brow, from the dizzy edge of this cliff called on her lover to meet her in the happy hunting grounds, clianted her death song, and leaped to destruction rather than be false to her heart's choice, and wed where she could not love." The climate of Frontenac has all to recommend it that has been so often written of the Minnesota atmosphere. The Hotel accommodation is excellent, and the table as good as that of any of the first- class hotels in the West. The house, with the cottages, can entertain, comfortably, a hundred and fifty guests. Distance from St. Paul, 51 miles ; from Chicago, 358 miles. FOND DIT I.AC, WIS. In the detailed description of the route from Chicago to the shores of Lake Superior we purposely omitted the following statement in regard to Fond du Lac, as we wished to call the attention of our readers especially to this point. Statistics and Resources. Fond du Lac, is a city of twenty-two years municipal growth, with a population of nearly twenty thousand. It is situated at the head of Winnebago, in one of the richest agricultural districts in the West, seventy miles from Madison, sixty-three miles from Milwaukee, forty miles from Sheboygan, sixty miles from Green Bay, and one hundred and forty-eight miles from Chicago — directly connected with all of the above-named cities by railroads ; in short, the railroad facilities for coming to Fond du Lac are equal to those of any other interior city in the Union, as they extend from the city at nearly all points of the compass. It is rich in manufacturing resources, and in wealth and population is second only to Milwaukee among all the cities of Wisconsin. Fond du Lac is blessed with enter- prising, liberal-minded manufacturers and business men. It has fourteen extensive saw- mills, and as many shingle mills, in full operation during the lumbering season. Five very large sash, door and blind factories — one the largest, perhaps, there is in the world — send that class of building material to all parts of the United States. Three extensive foundries and machine shops are busy the year I'ound, filling orders for machinery in six or seven near and adjoining States. One blast furnace is nearly ready for operation. There are also innumerable smaller manufactories, the natural adjuncts of those already named, in a city situated in a rich agricultural district, with such extensive resources for transportation and exchange. It has also an extensive wheat market and six banks to accommodate the business of the place. Two large paper-mills are in full operation dur- ing the year, using up the waste straw of a great cereal-growing district, THE FOUNTAIN CITY; Its Society, lleli,t?ious, EtUicational and Charitable Institutions. The society of Fond du Lac is of a high order. It has six splendid brick and stone churches, and about the same number of elegant wooden structures, with able preachers and priests. The churches are well attended, making its religious privileges superior to THE GREAT NOKTHWESl*. 43 those of any other city of the same size. Fond du Lac lias gradetl schools, in capacious school-rooms, in all parts of the city, and a superb High-School edifice, erected last year? where the higher branches of learning are taught by a corps of accomplished teachers. The benevolent ladies of Fond du Lac have established a charitable institution, with convenient buildings, where the sick and indigent are properly provided for and taken care of. Healthiness of the L,ocation. It may be said, without fear of contradiction, that Fond du Lac is one of the most healthy places in the Union. From the time that the first artesian well was sunk, furnishing pure water, its healthiness commenced, and continued to increase rapidly as the number of wells increased, until Fond du Lac was without a rival in this regard. No general sick- ness has prevailed here since the ordinary wells have become numerous. Neither has any epidemic ever reached this place. Most of the few diseases that afflict the residents of this city at this time, or that have afflicted them for the past ten or fifteen years, were acquired in other localities. All people, long residents of Fond du Lac, present as fresh and healthy an appearance as if in the hilly regions of New England, and more beautiful ladies and robust gentlemen than are here, cannot be found. So prominent is this fact that strangers stopping here, or passing through the place, are often heard making remarks upon these peculiarities. Good health, in the higher latitudes of temperate zones, always adds to the loveliness of beautiful forms. In short, Fond du Lac presents more attractions to the invalid, the sick and the afflicted, as well as to the robust and healthy, than any other place of its size in the United States. Amiisement.s. Socials, balls and parties are frequent, and of a high order. Theatrical performances and concerts are plentiful, with other light amusements. Several billiard parlors afford amusements with a "cue." The Fond du Lac County Stock-Growers' Association has a splendid park and race grounds within the city limits, where turf sports can be enjoyed. Several yacht clubs navigate Lake Winnebago in elegant rakish craft, for prizes in sportive contests. Steamboats, with pleasure parties, often make excursions around the lake, which is thirty-five miles long by twelve broad^the largest lake within any State of the Union — whose borders furnish beautiful landscape views, and the most gorgeous scenery. Besides, Fond du Lac is surrounded with pleasant places of resort. Lake de Neveu, a beautiful sheet of water, is romantically situated, about three miles southeast of the city. Eastward is Elkhart Lake, already famous for its natural beauties, and westward lies Green Lake, a noted summer resort. On all these lakes are pleasure boats propelled by steam, wind and man power. The waters of all of these lakes furnish a plentiful and vari- ous supply of fresh-water fish, where piscatorially inclined ladies and gentlemen can enjoy ample amusement in that line. 44 TriE CiHEAt NOliTllWEST. Hotel Accommodations. Parties visiting Fond du Lac for the purpose of being restored to health will find hotel room of every variety and grade — some elegantly fitted and furnished, without rivals in any city of the si^e of this in the United States-^kept by landlords who make strenuous efforts to deserve popularity and patronage. There are also a large number of private boarding-houses, some in the immediate vicinity of the magnetic springs, where board can be obtained at very reasonable rates. Besides, there are several fashionable eating-houses and restaurants, where day board, meals and lunches can be had at all hours, in style and quality to please epicures, moderate persons and invalids — delicate or rich, as may be ordered by the patrons. In the immediate vicinity of these fashionable eating-houses or restaurants are a large number of new blocks, three stories high, with the lower floors occupied as mercantile houses, while many of the upper rooms are still vacant, and can be rented cheap for sleeping aparf ^lents. Among the best of the hotels at'Fond du Lac will be found the PATTY HOUSE, BYRON 'I'OWN, Proprietor. It stands on the main business street of the city and is first-class in every respect. THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 45 Magnetic Springs. Fond du Lac claims superiority over other Wisconsin summer resorts, for the reason that within her boundaries she has Magnetic Mineral Springs that are claimed to be equal to, or even superior, to those of Northern Michigan. Mr. George Hunter is the fortunate owner of these springs, and has arranged hotel and bathing accommodations for all who may wish to try these healing waters. It is claimed that these waters are infallible as a cure for rheumatism and kindred diseases. The people of Fond du Lac call the springs and their artesian wells " Fountains." History of the "Fountains." The first artesian well in this city — or fountain, as it is called there — was sunk in 1848, through fifty feet of red clay, and through the same depth of blue clay, into quick- sand, until the limestone bed that underlies the city was reached, furnishing much purer water than could be obtained from any other source. The citizens have continued to sink these " fountains" until the number has reached near one thousand, materially changing and benefiting the healthfulness of the city. Accidental Discovery of tlie Mineral Water. A thousand drafts upon the fountain head, or water supply to the ordinary fountains, considerably lessened the force of the flow of many of them, until in many parts of the city they ceased to rise above the surface of the ground. George Hunter, being in need of a greater supply of water than the ordinary fountains could furnish, and a purer quality than was in the stream from which his paper-mill was supplied, therefore concluded to sink an artesian well into a lower strata of the lime- stone rock. Mr Hunter sunk a fountain fifty-six feet through the red and blue clay, and one hundred and four feet into the limestone rock, striking at intervals several veins of water, but none of sufficient force to answer his purpose. At that depth the mineral rock was reached, and drilled into twenty-seven feet (In all, one hundred and eighty-seven feet deep), whrti a vein of water was reached with sufficient force to throw it far above the surface of the ground. On using that water in the mill, it was discovered that its mineral qualities totally unfitted it for print-paper manufacturing. A gentleman of some experi- ence in mineral waters visiting the fountain, and noticing its sparkling effijrvcscence, suggested that the water might be magnetic and medicinal, and to test it held an ordinary jack-knife in the stream as it flowed from the pipe. In a few moments the knife was so highly charged that eight and ten-penny nails could be lifted with ease, by the attraction of the magnetized knife. These peculiarities of the water soon attracted attention, and awakened curiosity, and many rheumatic and other invalids in the neighborhood, who had tried various remedies, receiving only temporary reli. f, immediately began to use the mineral water, both for drinking and bathing purposes, and were materially benefited. Some considerable time, however, elapsed after the water began to be used, before Mr. Hunter could be induced to believe that he had discovered mineral waters of such extra- 46 Tim GHEAT NORTIIWESf . ordinary curative properties. But positive evidence of the fact accumulated so rapidly that Mr. Hunter was forced to fit up convenient bath-rooms near the fountain, for the accommodation of the hundreds of invalids who daily visited his place. To reach this city, you must buy your railroad tickets via the Chicago & North-Western Railway. Tickets to Fond du Lac are good via Milwaukee or via the Wisconsin Division. By both routes through coaches are run from Chicago. E.xcursion tickets are not sold to this point by any road at Chicago, but if you buy to Duluth, via Marquette, you can stop off at Fond du Lac en route, and then resume your journey at pleasure. MINNESOTA. Minnesota lies between 43° and 49° north latitude and 89° and 97° west longitude, and is about 380 miles long by 300 miles wide. The surface of the country is undulating. There are no mountains in the State, yet it is the most elevated tract of country between Hudson's Bay on the north and New Orleans on the south. The soil varies very much ; in the valleys it is excellent, and especially so in the valley of the St. Peter. Above the Falls of St. Anthony the soil is of "drift" formation. All parts of the State produce wheat, oats, barley, rye and potatoes in great abundance, and in many portions of the State corn yields ample crops. The great crops of the small grains produced by the rich soil of Minnesota would surprise the farmers of the Prairie States of Iowa and Illinois. Wild fruits abound, and it is probably correctly believed that wherever wild fruits grow indigenously the cultivated varieties will also thrive. Some portions of Minnesota are covered with dense forests, although a large portion of the State is prairie. Taken as a whole, it cannot be called a well wooded State, yet wherever the prairie fires are stopped UxvUo&x \i&^\n'=, to gxo-w without planting. In many parts where when first settled not a tree or shrub could be seen, you may now find dense forests of young timber. As is well known, lakes abound in this State. It might well be called the Lake State. Its lakes vary in size from those of thirty miles in length to those covering not more than an acre of ground, yet all are clear and pure, and in all are great numbers of fish. The lakes largest are Lake of the Woods, Rainy Lake, Red Lake, Cass Lake, Leech Lake and Mille Lac or Spirit Lake. Tourists can reach all of these lakes with but little ti'buble. EARLY HISTORY. This State is said to have been first visited by white men in 1654. They were traders, and who, on returning to Montreal, Canada, two years afterwards, gave such glowing descriptions of the country as to induce not only traders and trappers but Jesuit Mission- aries to visit the country. To these last we are indebted for the first printed or reliable records of the State. The present State formed a part of the original territory of Louisiana and was purchased of France in 1803. The eastern portion of the State formed a part of the French possessions that were surrendered to the British in 1763, and afterwards by the latter to the Government of the United States after the Revolutionary War. The State was first explored under the authority of the Government during the presidency of Thomas Jefferson. He sent General Pike out, with orders to go to the head waters of the THE GIJEAT NORTHWEST. 47 Mississippi River, and the General, when he reached the Falls of St. Anthony, supposed he had reached the head waters, and so thinking his orders fully carried out returned to the East. The first fortification was built on the present site of Fort Snelling, near St. Paul, and in it has been kept a garrison since 1819. The State began to attract people to it for homes in 1845. In 1849 it was erected into a territory, and was admitted as a State in 1853. MINNESOTA—AS A HOME. It is well enough for the summer tourist to know all about the summer pleasures to be found in lands where he may tarry for a few days, but some of our readers may have other motives than pleasure seeking to call them to Minnesota. For those, we give a few words in regard to this State as a place for making a home. We find a portion of the following in a little book written by a gentleman who has spent many years here studying the climate of the State. From what we know of this party, we feel sure that his state- ments may be relied on. MINNESOTA— CLIMATE. " Much has been said and written in regard to the climate of Minnesota, a great deal of which is true, and a great deal of which is untrue. We expect, perhaps, that official or voluntary " commissioners of immigration " will draw the picture as brightly as possi- ble, and attempt to show to the world at large, that ours is the spot to seek the Garden of Eden of these United States. We expect, also, and know, as well, that the anti-emigra- tion writers of other parts of the country will be very cool in speaking of our known superiorities of location, climate, or soil, and shout to the world in trumpet tones, the Xiwrnhtx increased^ and the nature ;«/jr^/r^i-^«/^^, of our drawbacks. By those linked together in this opposition interest, many statements are made by men of position and influence, and echoed by the most intelligent of people and press, which show very plainly either the blindness and prejudice, or ignorance and narrowness of their authors. Let us illustrate : It is but a few years since the editor of the most costly atlas then published in America, stated in his geographical descriptions, that the iuinmers of Minnesota are too brief for agriculttiral success. " Now, we acknowledge the truth of the old saying, 'That life is long which answers life's great end,' and apply the idea to our short-lived Minnesota summers. We have seen the snow two feet deep in cleared land (much deeper in the pineries) at the first of April, and ten days later the plough and the harrow were furrowing and smoothing over the lately snow-burdened fields, and by the time wild strawberries were ripe in Eastern New England, ours had had their day— abundant and luxuriant, and the markets where they were lately sold were glutted with fresh tomatoes, delicious melons, and early fruits in variety. Many kinds of vegetables and fruits, which in many parts of New England are seldom matured, or cannot be raised in the open air at all, are very easily, abundantly, and profitably grown in our very briefest seasons. Grapes, even, of very superior quality ^nd flavor, are now grown quite extensively in some sections of the State, and with no 48 THE GREAT NORTHWEST. considerable difficulty or pains-taking. The annual agricultural exhibitions bear witness to the truth of these statements, and of the impressions they convey. At the State Fair of 187a a building was devoted specially to the products of lands on the lines of the Northern Pacific, St. Paul & Pacific, and Lake Superior & Mississippi Railroads and the broad show pyramids, with shelved sides, were loaded with almost every variety of agricultural and horticultural success, which would be deemed producible away from the tropics. This is no fiction. Pears and peaches, it is true, have not yet been produced in quantities ; but apples, including the finest crabs, plums, grapes, cranberries, tomatoes etc., are cultivated in annually increasing quantities." MINNESOTA— THE PAST. Long before the white man had thought of making a home in this State the hardy hunt- er and trapper had explored every portion of the field, and the patient, zealous mission- ary had traversed its uncultivated plains, and had sought out the Indian in its most distant corners. They brought back to the settlements stories and legends of the past, and taught our poets and novelists to weave the stories into stirring verse and more stirring prose. Some of these legends relate to places named in these pages, and as Indian stories are interesting to almost any one, we here give a few for the amusement of our readers. INDIAN LEGENDS OF MINNESOTA. The early part of the history of the State naturally embraces a great deal of interesting history of the Dakotas, as Minnesota has been appropriately called " Dakota Land." Their wars, habits, superstitious ideas — some of which are really beautiful— and their many characteristics, so strange and interesting to civilized people, have been the subject of many a thrilling tale of truth, or not less thrilling story of fiction. Nowhere else do we find these subjects treated in so faithful and truthful a manner, and in so readable a form, as in the early part of Neill's History. For the benefit of such as would desire to know more of the story of these savage and simple sons of nature, we give some extracts, which show with remarkable clearness the " Footprints of Civilization in the Mississippi Valley." The legends of the Dakotas are numerous, and while many are puerile, a few arc beautiful. Eagle Eye, the son of a great war prophet who lived more than one hundred years ago, was distinguished for bravery. Fleet, athletic, symmetrical, a bitter foe and a warm friend, he was a model Dakota. In the ardor of his youth, his affections were-given to one who was also attractive, named Scarlet Dove. A few moons after she had become an inmate of his lodge, they descended the Missis- sippi with a hunting party, and proceeded east of Lake Pepin. One day, while Eagle Eye was hid behind some bushes, watching for deer, the arrow of a comrade found its way through the coyert into his heart, With only ti|i^e tp )isp the name, Scarlet Dove, he expired: THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 49 For a few days the widow mourned and cut her flesh, and then, with the silence of woe, wrapping her beloved in skins, she placed him on a temporary burial scaffold, and sat beneath. ■When the hunting party moved, she carried on her own back th« dead body of Eagle Eye. At every encampment she laid the body up in the manner already mentioned, and sat down to watch it and mourn. When she had reached the Minnesota river, a distance of more than a hundred miles, Scarlet Dove brought forks and poles from the woods, and erected a permanent scaffold on that beautiful hill opposite the site of Fort Snelling, in the rear of the little town of Men- dola, which is known by the name of Pilot Knob. Having adjusted the remains of the unfortunate object of her love upon this elevation, with the strap by which she had carried her precious burden. Scarlet Dove hung herself to the scaffold and died. Her highest hope was to meet the beloved spirit of her Eagle Eye in the world of spirits. ♦♦ AU-PE-TU-SA-PA." Many years before the eye of the white man gazed on the beautiful landscape around the Falls of St. Anthony, a scene was enacted there, of which this is the melancholy story: Au-pe-tu-sa-pa was the first love of a Dakota hunter. For a period they dwelt in happi- ness, and she proved herself a true wife. With knife of bone she carved her food, Fuel with axe of stone procured — Could fire extract from flint or wood ; To rudest savage life inured. In kettle frail of birchen bark She boiled her food with heated stones ; The slippery fish from coverts dark She drew with hooked bones. But her heart was at length clouded. The husband, in accordance with the custom of his nation, introduced a second wife within the teepee, and the first wife's eyes began to grow sad, and her form from day to day drooped. Her chief joy was to clasp the little boy, who was the embodiment of hopes and happiness fled forever. Faithful and unmur- muring, she followed her husband on his hunts. One day the band encamped on the picturesque shores near the Falls of St. Anthony. With tearless eye, and nerved by despair, the first wife, with her little son, walked to the rapid waters. Entering a canoe, she pushed into the swift current, and the chanting of her death dirge arrested the atten- tion of her husband and the camp in time to see the canoe on the bank, and plunge into the dashing waves. The Dakotas say, that in the mist of the morning, the spirit of an Indian wife, with a child clinging to her neck, is seen darting in a canoe through the spray, and that the sound of her death-song is hear4 moaning in tl^e winds, and in the roar of tjie waters, 50 THE GEEAT NORTHWEST. "MAIDEN ROCK." On the eastern shore of Lake Pepin, about twelve miles from its mouth, there stands a bluff which attracts attention by its boldness. It is about four hundred and fifty feet in hciglit, the last hundred of which is a bald, precipitous crag. It is seen at a distance of miles; and as the steamer approaches, the emergence of passengers to the upper deck, and the pointing of the finger of the captain, or some one familiar with the country, e;vinces it is an interesting locality. It is the Maiden's Rock of the Dakota. The first version of the story, in connection with this bluff, differs frem those more modern, but is preferable. In the days of the great chief Wabashaw, there lived in the village of Keoxa, which stood on the site of the town which now bears her name, a maiden with a loving soul. She was the first-born daughter, and, as is always the case in a Dakota family, she bore the name of Weenonah. A young hunter of the same band was never happier than when he played the flute in her hearing. Having thus signified his affection, it was with the whole heart reciprocated. The youth begged from his friends all that he could, and went to her parents, as is the custom, to purchase her for his wife, but his proposals were rejected. A warrior, who had often been on the war path, whose head-dress plainly told the num- ber of scalps he had wrenched from Ojibway heads, had also been to the parents, and they thought that she would be more honored as an inmate of his teepee. Weenonah, however, could not forget her first love, and, though he had been forced away, his absence strengthened her affections. Neither the attentions of the warrior, nor the threats of parents, nor the persuasions of friends, could make her consent to marry simply for position. One day the band came to Lake Pepin to fish or hunt. The dark green foliage, the velvet sward, the beautiful e.xpanse of water, the shady nooks, made it a place to utter the breathings of love. The warrior sought her once more, and begged her to accede to her parents' wish, and become his wife, but she refused with decision. While the party were feasting, Weenonah climbed to the lofty bluff, and then told those who were below how crushed she had been by the absence of the young hunter, and the cruelty of her friends. Then chanting a wild death-song, before the fleetest runner could reach the height, she dashed herself down, and that form of beauty was in a moment a mass of broken limbs and bruised flesh. The Dakota, as he passes the rock, feels that the spot is Wawkawn. " HOGAN-WAUKE-KIN." The Dakotas call the St. Croix river Hogan-wauke-kin. The legend is, that in the dis- tant past two Dakota warriors were traveling on the shores of Lake St. Croix, one of whom was under a vow to one of his gods not to eat any flesh which had touched water. Gnawed by hunger, the two perceived, as they supposed, a raccoon, and pursued it into a hollow tree. On looking in, the one who could not eat flesh that had touched water, saw thf^t the t^nimal was a fish and not a quadruped. Turning to his companion, he agreed to THE GTIEAT NOHTltWESf . 51 throw it to the ground, if he was not urged to eat. Hunger, however, was imperious, and forced him to break his vow and partake of the boiled fish. After the meal thirst usurped the place of hunger. He called for water to cool his parched tongue, until the strength of his companion failed, and he was then told to lie down by the lake until his thirst was quenched. Complying with the advice, he drank and drank, till at last he cried to his friend, "Come and look at me." The sight caused the knees of his comrade to smite together with fear, for he was fast turning to a fish. At length he stretched himself across the lake, and formed what is called Pike Bar. This, tradition says, is the origin of the sand bar in the lake, which is so conspicuous at low stage of water. Having full faith in the legend, to this day they call jthe river, which is part of the boundary between Wisconsin and Minnesota, "the place where the fish lies," (Hogan-wauke-kin). " WJEENONAH." The original (and correct) name, Weenonah, has now come to be spelled Winona, and, as such, is better known. Many New Hampshire people are familiar with the legend of another beautiful Indian maiden— Winona — the daughter of a famous chief, whose tribe, more than a century ago, were the lords of the soil of the Granite State. This maiden was loved by a young, pale-faced hunter, and returned his affection with the simple and pure ardor of her true nature. They were married, and for a while everj'thing went well. But at length the white man tired of his wild life, and longed for the society of his friends and early acquaintances. He certified his intention of leaving his wife, which he soon after did, against the most tender and earnest entreaties to the contrary. The beautiful and stricken Winona was completely heart-broken, and when she could endure life no longer, drank a tea made from the berries of the deadly night-shade, and died. Meanwhile the false husband sought, amid the busy hum of the city, to drown his remorse and sorrow, which was real, but came too late. He wandered aimlessly about for a few years, unhappy and sick at heart, and at last was found dead at the outskirts of the town of Winchester, upon an old grassy mound, the grave of the injured Winona. 53 THE GREAT NOBTIIWEST. FOR 18V4. For the coming Summer this Company offers to Health Seekers, Tourists and Pleasure Travel the most inviting fields to be found on the continent for Health, Comfort and Recreation. The Routes given herein embrace : ist. The Lake Superior Country, which has obtained not only world-wide renown for its delightful climate, grand scenery and wonderful stores of mineral wealth,, but it is becoming famous as affording delight and benefit to all classes of visitors. To the Invalid, here is offered the cool and invigorating breezes of Lake Superior. To the Scientist the untold stores of the mineral world are open to inspection. To the Sports- man the forests and streams — abounding with game and fish — invite his skill as a " crack shot" or as a "complete angler," while the general pleasure seeker can pick out "solid comfort" in almost any manner. 2d. The "Lake District" of Wisconsin. This beautiful and picturesque region extends from Madison (the Capital of the State) to " Devil's Lake," a distance of forty miles. Commencing at the charming city of Madison, which lies like a gem in the midst of several small lakes, rivaling the celebrated "Lakes of Killarney " for beauty, this route constantly presents pleasing and surprising changes of scenery. The wonderful Baraboo Valley and the romantic and weird-like scenery surrounding Devil's Lake, never fail to extort exclamations of delight and astonishment from all lovers of nature. After passing through the Lake District the famous trout streams of Wisconsin are reached, where the disciples of " Isaak Walton" can meet with sure success. 3d. The Upper Mississippi. Thosewhohave never visited the " Father of Waters," have here presented the most comfortable and desirable route that can be obtained on the Mississippi, and one that affords the best portions of River Scenery. A reference to the routes named within, demonstrates that for quick, comfortable, not to say luxurious tnmsit between the points named, no other line offers superior advantages» while the remarkably low price of fare for the territory traversed, and the comfort fur- nished, should make the Lake Superior region the favorite trip for the coming season. THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 53 ROUND TRIP EXCURSION TICKETS. From Chicago to Duluth and Return, via the Routes named on opposite page, will be sold by this Company at the rate of $35 FOU EACH ADULT PERSON. (Children between the Ages of Five and Twelve Vears, Half Fare.) These Tickets will be good if used any time within the period commencing June ist, and ending October ist, 1874. Holders of through Excursion Tickets issued by this Company, will be permitted to stop off at any point on the line of their journey, by applying to the Conductors of the Trains, or the proper officers of the Steamboat Lines, thereby enabling Excursionists to enjoy at their leisure the varied scenery, or indulge their inclination for fishing or hunting. Excursionists' Coupons between Marquette and Duluth, via this line, will be honored by all Steamers running between the points named. A sufficient number of boats will be run by various lines during the coming season to insure a daily trip each way. Excursionists desiring to go to L'Anse by rail, thence via Steamer to Duluth, via Hancock or Houghton, can have their coupons exchanged without extra charge, by applying at the office of the Marquette, Houghton & Ontonagon R. R., at Marquette or Negaunee. Through Trains, consisting of Elegant Day Coaches and Pullman Palace Sleeping and Drawing-Room Cars, run between Chicago and St. Paul, and Chicago and Marquette, via this line only. The splendid Steamboats of the Packet Lines, on the Mississippi River, leave Dubuque and St. Paul daily. First-Class Hotels and Eating Houses all along the lines of the different Railroads. The four forms of Excursion Tickets named on the following page can be procured at our City Offices, 62 S»uth Clark Street, (under the Sherman House) ; West-Side City Office, corner Madison and Canal Streets, and at the Company's Depots in Chicago. Also at the General Eastern Agency of the Company, 229 Broadway, New York City. W. A. THRALL, General Ticket Agent, Chicago, May 30th, 1874. 54 THE GREAT NOKTHWEST. ROUTE No. 1. Chicago to Negaunee, Mich Via Chicago & North-Western Ry. Negaunee to Marquette, Mich _ " Marquette, Houghton & Ontonagon R. R. Marquette to Duluth, Minn. I ^ t „i,„ c,,^^-:„_ c^^^^„„^ ^ (Meals and Berth included.) \ ^ake Superior Steamers. Steamboat Landing to Northern Pacific I .. Omnibus Transfer. Depot or any Hotel ) Duluth to St. Paul, Minn " Lake Superior & Miss. R. R. Lake Superior & Miss. Depot to any Hotel ( n n. r p or West Wisconsin Railway Depot., j iransier ^o. ^ St. Paul to Elroy, Wis " West Wisconsin Railway. Elroy to Chicago, 111 " Chicago & North-Western Railway. ROUTE No. 2. Chicago to Elroy, Wis Via Chicago & North-Western Railway. Elroy to St. Paul, Minn. " West Wisconsin Railway. West Wisconsin Railway Depot to any I n ^ „ ^f_-. p„ Hotel or Northern Pacific R'y Depot. . j ^ ransier v.o. St. Paul to Duluth, Minn. " Lake Superior & Miss. R. R. Lake Superior & Miss. Depot to Steamboat I u r\ -i , ^ t c Landing or any Hotel f Omnibus 1 lansfer. Duluth to Marquette, Mich .» . Lake Superior Steamers. (Meals and Berth included.) j ^ Marquette to Negaunee, Mich. " Marquette, Houghton & Ontonagon R. R. Negaunee to Chicago, 111 " Chicago & North-Western Railway. ROUTE No. 3. Chicago to Negaunee, Mich Via Chicago & North-Western Railway. Negaunee to Marquette, Mich. " Marquette, Houghton & Ontonagon R. R. Marquette to Duluth, Minn I u t i c • c» ^ (Meals and Berth included.) \ ^ake Superior Steamers. Steamboat Landing to Lake Superior & | .. Omnibus Transfer. Miss. Depot or any Hotel .. j Duluth to St. Paul, Minn " Lake Superior & Miss. R. R. St. Paul to Dubuque, Iowa / ,, PnrVot T ine (Berth included.) f Packet Line. Dubuque to Clinton, Iowa " Chicago, Clinton & Dubuque R. R. Clinton to Chicago, 111 " Chicago & North-Western Railway. ROUTE No. 4. Chicago to Clinton, Iowa Via Chicago & Nortli-Wcstern Railway. Clinton to Duljuque, Inwa " Chicago, Clinton & Dubuque R. R. I)ul)U. The only Line making: connections in Union Depot, Chicago, — WITH TRAINS TO — Pittsburg, Harrisburg, Williamsport, Philadelphia, New York, Milwaukee, La Crosse, St. Paul, and Principal Points, East and North, Without Change. J. C. McMULLIN, JAMES CHARLTON, Gen'l Superintendent, Chicago. Gen'l Passenger and Ticket Ag't, Chicago. THE OREAT NORTIIWJEST. iii Illinois Central Railroad. ST. LOUIS to CHICAGO ^"WITHOUT CHANCE OF CARS,^ JLXJXI FROM New Orleansf Chicago. Ofl 3XILIi:S!^ THE SHOI^TEST I^OUTE THE ONL.Y ROUTE FROM New Orleans to Chicago and St. Louis WITHOUT CHANGE OF CARS. Only One Change from New Orleans, St. Louis or Cairo to MILWAUKEE, ST. PAUL, T^IN^ID J^LIL. FOI]S"TS IN THE IS^ O RTH AA^E S T, Philadelphia, Boston, Baltimore, Washington, Pittsburg, Buffalo And all j>rincipal Eastern Points. Koad and Fqiiipment Unsurpassed — Miller Platforms and Air Brakes on Passenger Trains; Palace Sleeping Cars on all Through Trains. 1^" EXCUrtSIOX TICKETS ^ n Sale at S^. Louis, Cairo. New Orleans, and the principal points in the South and Southwest. -W. p. JOHNSON, A. MITCHELL, Gen'l Pass. Agent, Chicago. Gen'l Sup't, Chicago. JSO. BEXTLEY, JAMES JOHNSON, A. W. KOUNTUEE, Ticket Agent, St. Louis. Gen'l Agent, Cairo. Southern Agent, New Orleans. THE GREAT NORTHWEST. iMiago M M®pll«W®stspa M^j GENERAL OFFICERS : ALBERT KEEP Fresideut Chic»go. M. L. SYKES, Jr ...Vice-President. Secretary and Treasurer NewYojk. H. H. PORTER General Manager Ctncago. MARVIN HUGHITT General Superintendent C. C, WHEELER General Freight Agent C. M. V\ ICKKR Assistant General Freight Agent W. A. CARPENTER Assistant General Freight Agent W. H. STEN-NEIT General Passenger Agent W. A. THRALL General Ticket Agent E. H. JOHNSON Chief Engineer B. C. COOK General Solicitor M. M. KIRKMAN Local Treasurer J. B. REUFIELD Assistant Secretary and Auditor R. \V. HAMEK Purchasing Agent Geiil Offices of ttie Comiiaiiy : '' sss^ii:'^^^^^' ^^^' ^^^^^ &ett'l Pass, and Tictet Office : '' ssrilx^.^^^^^^^ ^^^- ^^^^^ DIVISION SUPERINTENDENTS. E. J. CUYLER Sup't Galena Division Chicago. J. S. OLIVER Sup t Iowa Division Clinton, Iowa. A. A. HOBART Sup't Wis. and Milwaukee Divisions. . .Chicago. C. A. SWINEFORD Sup't Madison Division Baraboo, Wis. S. SANBORN Sup't Winona & St. Peter R. R Winona, Minn. S. C. BALDWIN Sup't Peninsula Division Escanaba, Mich. GENERAL AGENTS. L. P. BOOTH General Eastern Agent, 229 Broadway, New York, H, P. STAN WOOD General Agent, 306 Montgomery St., San Francisco. J. S. GEORGE Ticket Agent, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. C. G. EDDY General Agent, Council Bluffs and Omaha. G. L. HARRISON New England Agent, 5 State St,, Boston, Mass, TRAVELING AGENTS. V. M, CAME Chicago, 111, N. A. PHILLIPS Chicago, 111. S F. HUBBARD 229 Broadway, New York. A*. T. PRENTICE Chicago, 111. O L. HARRISON 5 State Street, Boston, Mass. J, H MOUNTAIN Omaha, Neb, CHICAGO TICKET OFFICES: 02 Clark Street, under Sherman House; corner Canal and Madison Stieets; Kinzie Street Depot, coiner West Kinzie and Canal Streets; Wells Street Depot, corner Wells and North Water Streets; General Office, 56 Kinzie Street, corner Noi th Market, ST. PAUL TICKET OFFICE: Corner Third and Jackson Streeta, NEW YOKK TICKET OFFICE: No. 229 Broadway. BOSTON OFFICE : No. 5 State Street. SAN FRANCISCO OFFICE: No. 306 Montgomery Street. . t^"All trains of this line are run by " Chicago Time," which is 66 minutes slower than New York ; 1 hour and 7 minutes slower than Boston ; 83 minutes faster than Omaha, and 21 minntes faster than St. Paul. CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. Kinhracing, under one management, the Great Trunk Railway Lines of tlie ZIEEAND^ ' With its NunieiH>us Brnnchex and Connections, forming the SHORTEST AND QUICKEST R BETWEEN CKICILG-O All Points in Illinois, Wisconsin, Northern Michigan, Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, AND THE "nTESTERN TERRITORIES. San Prancisco, Sacrameiito, Ogden, SALT LAKE CITY, CEDAR RAPIDS, CHEYENNE, WATERLOO, DENVER, FORT DODGE, OMAHA, DUBUQUE, COUNCIL BLUFFS, LA CROSSE, YANKTON, PRA. DU CHIEN, SIOUX CITY, WINONA, ]\IINNEAPOLIS, ST. PAUL, Are all on the line of this Great Road, or are of Cars than by DULUTH, STEVENS POINT, MARQUETTE, SHEBOYGAN, L'ANSE, OSHKOSH, ISHPEMING, WATERTOWN, NEGAUNEE, FOND DU LAC, ESCANABA, MADISON, GREEN BAY, MILWAUKEE, MENASHA, RIPON, reached by this Route with less Changes any other. r^^FULL INFORMATION In regard to this Route will be cheerfully *"=^ furnished by all Ticket Agents In the United States or Canada. -A. T I" -A. C? 3D. .£9 MARVIN HUGHITT, Gf- eral SuperiiitenJent. W. A. THRALL, General Ticket Agent. W. H. STENNETT, General Passenger Agent. ym, 'Wi^^r^ i^W!«^6&lVyiuOTli^^ W^;^W\lij^\/^y\l\0\J^W iizhk-^-i^m'^mmm »w*»* v'W^'Vi^^wu yy\j\j'^^mmv\S': VVv^V^'*^VV"^,VV'^'l«'Vywvyv«v'^U'^''>'-.^i^^j,C«! :i.J.;vvvvvvw^vwvvv^^v^'^!»vw VyWvVygg^g^^ggygy^^ VwVVV^vv ^^^^^^wv^^vyvvJw^VW# iSii) /t;»^^^i^^^*«fi(if*^§^§§^^^^^ ^»tfb»5WW ^WM^mm^ rtoUUW