F LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 014 541 607 3 Conservation Resources LIg-Free® Type I Ph H^ RiiflbriMl F 326 {.U6 Copy 1 Sixty-Sixth Congress, Second Session Senate Document No. 303 JOHN HOLLIS BANKHEAD ( Late a Senator from Alabama ) MEMORIAL ADDRESSES DELIVERED IN THE SENATE AND THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES SIXTY-SIXTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION Proceedings in the Senate December g, 1920 Proceedings in the House January 30, 192 1 PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON PRINTING Ci WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1921 ^****A'«MMiiMan LIBRARY OF CONGf^ESS DOCUMENTS (U»»ViSION .^liii Y i r .il. i A J;'.U-^'r'v^--:--v... ^ ,^ ^^^^^ ■^ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Proceedings in the Senate — 5 Prayer by Rev. Forrest J. Prettyman, D.D 6 Memorial addresses by — Mr. Oscar W. Underwood, of Alabama 9 Mr. Knute Nelson, of Minnesota 16 Mr. Duncan U. Fletcher, of Florida 21 Mr. Henry Cabot Lodge, of Massachusetts 27 Mr. Marcus A. Smith, of Arizona .- 32 Mr. Charles E. Townsend, of Michigan 35 Mr. Wesley L. Jones, of Washington 38 Mr. Joseph E. Ransdell, of Louisiana 41 Mr. John K. Shields, of Tennessee 45 Mr. Atlee Pomerene, of Ohio 53 Mr. Nathaniel B. Dial, of South Carolina 56 Mr. Kenneth McKellar, of Tennessee ._ 62 Mr. J. Thomas Heflin, of Alabama 67 Proceedings in the House -__ 71 Prayer by Rev. William Couden, of Concord, Mich 71 Memorial addresses by — Mr. S. Hubert Dent, jr., of Alabama 77 Mr. Martin B. Madden, of Illinois ,_ 79 Mr. Thomas M. Bell, of Georgia 83 Mr. William S. Greene, of Massachusetts 87 Mr. Edward B. Almon, of Alabama. 89 Mr. Halvor Steenerson, of Minnesota __ 94 Mr. John H. Small, of North Carolina 101 Mr. Finis J. Garrett, of Tennessee 108 Mr. Otis Win go, of Arkansas 111 Mr. Henry B. Steagall, of Alabama 113 Mr. John McDuffle, of Alabama 119 Mr. William B. Bowling, of Alabama 124 Mr. William B. Oliver, of Alabama 127 Mr. L. B. Rainey, of Alabama 130 [3] DEATH OF HON. JOHN HOLLIS BANKHEAD PROCEEDINGS IN THE SENATE Monday, March 1, 1920. Mr. Underwood. Mr. President, it is my sad duty to an- nounce to the Senate that this morning my colleague, Hon. John H. Bankhead, died suddenly at his temporary resi- dence in the city of Washington. For a quarter of a century he has been the foremost figure in the State of Alabama. I think he was the one remaining Member of the Senate who served in the army of the Confederacy, and thus connected this body with that portion of the history of our country. He was a man whose sterling character, probity, and earnest devotion to duty have given him a fixed place in the history of our Nation and of the State which he so long and faithfully represented in the Halls of Congress. He died with the love and respect of his constituents, of his friends, and of all who knew him. At the proper time, Mr. President, I shall ask the Senate to set apart a day on which proper tribute may be paid to his memory. I now submit the resolutions which I send to the desk. The Presiding Officer (Mr. Watson in the chair). The resolutions will be read. The resolutions (S. Res. 316) were read, considered by unanimous consent, and unanimously agreed to, as follows : Resolved, That the Senate has heard with deep regret and pro- found sorrow the announcement of the death of the Hon. John HoLLis Bankhead, late a Senator from the State of Alabama. [5] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead Resolved, That a committee of nine Senators be appointed by the President pro tempore of the Senate to take order for superintend- ing the funeral of the late Senator. Resolved, That as a further mark of respect the remains of the dead Senator be removed from Washington to Jasper, Ala., for burial in charge of the Sergeant at Arms, attended by the commit- tee, who shall have full power to carry these resolutions into effect. Resolved, That the Secretary communicate these resolutions to the House of Representatives. The Presiding Officer appointed under the second reso- lution Mr. Underwood, Mr. Nelson, Mr. Pomerene, Mr. Townsend, Mr. McKellar, Mr. Fernald, Mr. Ashurst, Mr. Ball, and Mr. Harrison as the committee on the part of the Senate. Mr. Underwood. Mr. President, as a further mark of respect to the memory of my deceased colleague, I move that the Senate do now adjourn. The motion was unanimously agreed to; and (at 1 o'clock and 40 minutes p. m.) the Senate adjourned until to-morrow, Tuesday, March 2, 1920, at 12 o'clock meridian. Tuesday, March 2, 1920. The Chaplain, Rev. Forrest J. Prettyman, D. D., offered the following prayer : Almighty God — Our birth is but a sleep and a forgetting: The Soul that rises with us, our life's Star, Hath had elsewhere its setting. And cometh from afar. Not in entire forgetfulness. And not in utter nakedness, But trailing clouds of glory, do we come From God, who is our home. Such is the intimation of immortality. To-day we are brought to face once more the great question of life's [6] Proceedings in the Senate final issue. We are called upon to mourn the loss of one of the eminent statesmen in this country, a man whose character was forged in the furnace of civil conflict, tested in the glare of public office, refined and beautified and glorified in the service which he rendered to our common country. We thank Thee for the embodiment of all the elements of greatness that Thou Thyself hast inspired in the lead- ers of our people. We pray that Thou wilt ever raise men to take the places of those who fall and to stand for the unchangeable principles of Thy Holy Word. Bless and comfort the afflicted family. Give them the consciousness of the divine hope that ever abides in the hearts of the faithful. Help us to so discharge our duties as that when the summons comes to us we may enter unafraid into the presence of our God. For Christ's sake. Amen. A message from the House of Representatives, by D. K. Hempstead, its enrolling clerk, transmitted to the Senate resolutions on the death of Hon. John Hollis Bankhead, late a Senator of the United States from the State of Alabama. Saturday, May 29, 1920. Mr. Underwood. Mr. President, I desire to give notice that on December 9 I shall ask that the business of the Senate be temporarily suspended to consider resolutions on the life, character, and public services of my late dis- tinguished colleague, Hon. John Hollis Bankhead. Thursday, December 9, 1920. The Chaplain, Rev. Forrest J. Prettyman, D. D., offered the following prayer : Almighty God, we have come together as the representa- tives of a people whose Lord is the living God. All that [7] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead adds meaning to life, all that hath set the standard of honor, all that has given glory to labor comes from Thy inspiration. Thou hast held us in the hollow of Thy hand. We have set apart this morning hour to make mention of the name of a great statesman, to record with loving remembrance those qualities of heart and mind that en- abled him to make an impress upon this great Nation. We thank Thee for all the elements of manhood that have ever entered into the leadership of this great Nation of ours. We pray Thee to continue Thy blessing and that Thou wilt stir the highest qualities of life within us, that we may still follow the guidance of God in all our affairs and receive from Thee Thy constant approval. For Christ's sake. Amen. Mr. Underv/ood. Mr. President, by order of the Senate to-day has been set aside for memorial addresses on my former colleague, the late Senator Bankhead, of Alabama. I send to the desk the following resolutions and ask to have them read. The Vice President. The resolutions will be read. The resolutions (S. Res. 396) were read by the Assistant Secretary, as follows: Resolved, That the Senate expresses its profound sorrow in the death of the Hon. John Hollis Bankhead, late a Senator from the State of Alabama. Resolved, That as a mark of respect to the memory of the de- ceased the business of the Senate be now suspended to enable his associates to pay proper tribute to his high character and distin- guished public service. Resolved, That the Secretary communicate these resolutions to the House of Representatives and transmit a copy thereof to the family of the deceased. m MEMORIAL ADDRESSES Address of Mr. Underwood, of Alabama Mr. President: We meet to-day to mourn the death of a friend and colleague who passed into eternity, loved by his family and his friends, respected by his colleagues, and honored by the great constituency he served so well for a third of a century. John Hollis Bankhead, descendant of that sturdy Scotch-Irish stock to which America owes so much, was born on his father's farm in Marion, now Lamar, County, near the old town of Moscow, Ala., September 13, 1842. His father, James Greer Bankhead, a native of Union Dis- trict, S. C, settled at that place in 1818 and resided there until his death in 1861. His mother, Susan Hollis, was born in Darlington District, S. C, and came with her parents to Alabama in 1822, where she remained until her death at the age of 75. Senator Bankhead was educated in the country schools of his native county, and with this meager scholastic preparation became by wide reading and contact with the world a man of solid and practical learning. Realizing the need of proper training for the business of life, he was always the champion of education for the youth of the land. He was married November 13, 1866, at Wetumpka, Ala., to Tallulah Brockman, a native of South Carolina, who had been reared in Alabama, and they celebrated their golden wedding anniversary in 1916 at their home, Sunset, at Jasper, Ala. The five children surviving them are Louise, wife of A. G. Lund; Marie, wife of the late [9] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead Thomas M. Owen; John H. Bankhead, j'r.; William B. Bankhead; and Henry M. Bankhead. An interesting and unprecedented incident in American political history was that during the time Senator Bankhead was a Member of the Senate his son, William B. Bankhead, was a Member of the House, and on more than one occasion they were serving as presiding officers in their respective legislative bodies at the same time. At the outbreak of the war between the Confederate States and the United States, John Hollis Bankhead en- listed as a private in Company K, Sixteenth Alabama Regi- ment, Infantry Volunteers, in the company of Capt. J. D. Powers and the regiment commanded by Col. William B. Wood, of Florence, Ala. He was in the conflict from the beginning to the end; in the battles of Fishing Creek, Perryville, Murfreesboro — indeed, he was in all the battles of the western army in which his command participated, except when disabled from wounds received in battle. After the Battle of Fishing Creek he was promoted to third lieutenant, and became captain after the Battle of Shiloh. He led the Sixteenth Alabama Regiment in a furious charge at Chickamauga and was wounded. The battle ground was an old sedge field, which caught fire and burned rapidly to the dismay of many a wounded soldier. Capt. Bankhead's life was in imminent peril, but he crawled from the bloody and fiery field, carrying upon his back Pvt. John Custer, who was totally disabled. Sena- tor Bankhead's death removed from the Senate the last Confederate soldier to occupy a seat in this body. In 1918, when the United Confederate Veterans held the first re- union of the organization in the National Capital, wearing the gray Confederate uniform he appeared upon the floor of the Senate, received the cordial greeting of his friends and colleagues on both sides of the Chamber, and offered the motion, unanimously adopted, that out of respect to [10] Address of Mr. Underwood, of Alabama the valor of the Confederate soldier the Senate adjourn. He said, quoting from his remarks : A little more than half a century ago Confederate soldiers in arms were hammering at the gates of Washington in an effort to sever their relations with the National Government. Thursday, marching with broken body and faltering steps on a mission of peace and love, not of hatred and bloodshed, but in the spirit of resolute reconciliation and absolute loyalty to our flag, they will voice in vibrant tones to all the world an indissoluble Union of the United States. I am grateful that God has spared me to see this day when my old comrades in arms of the Confederacy are here in the Capital of that Nation, which for four years they strug- gled desperately to destroy, but which none in all this great Republic are now more anxious to preserve. On the occasion of the great Confederate parade Sena- tor Bankhead and Senator Knute Nelson, of Minnesota, a veteran of the Union Army, wearing the blue, marched down Pennsylvania Avenue side by side, denoting to the cheering throngs the established fact of a reunited country. During his service in Congress he voted for the bill to locate and mark the graves of Confederate soldiers who died in northern prisons or were buried in the North; he actively supported all claims for loss of property during the war; he voted for the resolution to return to the sev- eral States all Confederate flags and banners in the pos- session of the Federal Government and for the measure providing for the compilation of the rosters of the Union and Confederate Armies. The welfare of his comrades in arms was ever dear to his heart. He died a great Ameri- can, loyal to his reunited country, but he never forgot the hardships and the suffering of his comrades with whom he fought so valiantly for the flag that only lives in history. After the Civil War Capt. Bankhead returned to his home and resumed life on the farm. Although at the time he was in his early twenties, he was elected a member of [11] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead the Alabama House of Representatives for the session of 1865-66 from Marion County. He was a member of the State senate from the twelfth senatorial district in the general assembly of 1876-77, during which time he voted for Gen. John T. Morgan to become a Senator in the Con- gress from Alabama. Thirty years later he succeeded Senator Morgan to that post of honor. In 1880 he again served in the House of Representatives of the Alabama General Assembly, this time from the county of Lamar, which he had helped to create. His service in both branches of the general assembly brought Capt. Bankhead into public attention as a man of more than ordinary ability. This fact, coupled with his humane character, prompted Gov. R. W. Cobb to appoint him warden of the State penitentiary. During his four years' service as head of the penal system of the State many changes for the bet- terment of the prisoners were effected. He recommended other reforms, since adopted, including reformatory train- ing schools for youthful delinquents. On September 3, 1886, at Fayette Courthouse, Capt. Bankhead was nominated for Congress by the Democratic convention of the sixth congressional district of Alabama, and elected to the office in November of that year, serving continuously from March 4, 1887, to March 4, 1907, a period of 20 years. For many years h"e was a member of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds and chairman of that committee during the period of Demo- cratic control. It was during his chairmanship that the Congressional Library at Washington was completed. For his own State he was instrumental in securing Fed- eral appropriations for a number of public buildings. After March 4, 1897, he became a member of the Commit- tee on Rivers and Harbors, and during his entire congres- sional service, both in the House and Senate, always took [12] Address of Mr. Underwood, of Alabama a prominent part in legislation to promote navigation. In recognition of his interest in the subject he was appointed in 1907 a member of the National Waterways Commission. Through his efforts the Warrior River, in Alabama, has been made navigable from the great coal and iron fields, where it rises, to Mobile Bay. Realizing the value of deep- sea shipping to the port of Mobile, he worked unceasingly for the deepening of that harbor and for improvements and benefits to navigation of the adjacent waterways. Early recognizing the advantage and economy of water power, he devoted much labor to the enactment of a water power bill and the development of the immense water power energy at Muscle Shoals, on the Tennessee River, one of the great and successful results of his public career. During his fatal illness the water power law re- cently passed was in conference, and his last request to any of his colleagues concerning legislation of any char- acter was a message of his concern about certain features of that measure. He was always an earnest advocate of effective trans- portation methods and a pioneer in the promotion of good roads. He was one of the organizers, and for many years president, of the Alabama Good Roads Association, and from its organization several years ago to the time of his death president of the United States Good Roads Associa- tion, one of the largest and most influential organizations of its kind. He stood in the forefront of the men who in the last two decades pressed unceasingly for national aid toward the construction of a great system of highways throughout the country. His speeches in the Senate 13 years ago were among the first in support of Federal aid for post roads, since an adopted policy of the Government. He was undaunted by the criticisms of his opponents, and went steadily on to his objective and secured an appro- CIS] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead priation of $500,000 for an experimentation and demon- stration. He had driven the entering wedge and the senti- ment of the country approved his action. Subsequently his bill was adopted for an appropriation of $75,000,000 for post roads, later increased to $200,000,000, to be ex- pended in cooperation with the several States of the Union. His earnest and unceasing efforts in the end accomplished a great public work, for which grateful friends have justly made acknowledgment by naming a great transcontinental highway in his honor. The Bankhead Highway, begin- ning at Washington, D. C, and ending at San Diego, Calif., is a just recognition by the public of the achievements wrought by John Hollis Bankhead on behalf of good roads throughout the Nation. In a primary election held August 27, 1906, in a contest with six other aspirants. Senator Bankhead was nomi- nated by the Democratic Party of the State of Alabama to succeed to the first vacancy that might occur in the posi- tion of United States Senator from Alabama. On the death of the venerable and distinguished Senator John T. Morgan on June 18, 1907, he was formally elected by the State legislature. In 1911 he was reelected by the people for a full term to expire March 4, 1919. Again he was re- elected and was serving his thirteenth year in the Senate when death called him. Altogether his period of service in Congress was nearly 33 years. In the Senate he was a member of the Post Offices and Post Roads Committee and for seven years the chairman, and at the time of his death chairman of the Joint Com- mission on Postal Salaries. He was for some time a member of the Agriculture Committee and later of the Commerce Committee. He was a man who never ceased to grow in mental power and capacity to serve; each new responsibility that [14] Address of Mr. Underwood, of Alabama came to him he successfully mastered. He filled with credit to himself and his State the high positions conferred upon him. He died at his post of duty, a faithful public servant, mourned by a devoted people, who loved him for his frank and manly dealings with his fellows, his loyalty to his trusts of high responsibility, and his unassuming and modest mode of life. [15] Address of Mr. Nelson, of Minnesota Mr. President : Senator Bankhead and I were associated as Members of the House in the Fiftieth Congress. It was my last term of a six-year service and his first term of a continuous service of 20 years in that body. When we parted on the 4th of March, 1889, I never expected that we would in the future become associates in the Senate. While I realized that he had a great political future in store for him, as for myself, I felt that my political career was at an end. But the stress of politics brought me in 1895 into the Senate, while he was still serving in the House. In 1907, however, he left the House and joined me in the Senate; and from that time till the day of his death we were associates on one of the leading and important committees of this body. In 1861, at 18 years of age, he entered the Confederate Army and served till the end of the war with bravery, skill, and fortitude. He participated in many skirmishes and battles, and was three times wounded. Owing to changed conditions at home, and owing to changes in our own makeup, we of the Union Army on our return from the war found it no easy matter to take up the threads and duties of civil life and to find suit- able places for our future activity and usefulness. Most of us, however, in due time " found ourselves " in one way or another, for we were in a prosperous and happy part of the country, though a few were irretrievably lost by the wayside. Sheer exhaustion terminated the war on the part of the South, and the returned Confederate soldier had a much harder problem to encounter. He returned entirely empty-handed to an impoverished and in some places devastated country. [16] Address of Mr. Nelson, of Minnesota The system of labor which had flourished before the war was no more. Political and social chaos seemed to prevail, more or less. It was not an easy task for the Confederate soldier to adjust himself to such conditions, to find a place for his activity, to find an opening for even a scanty living; for this is what confronted him, and this was a trial more heart-sickening, more utterly discourag- ing, than the stress and strain of the march, bivouac, skirmish, and battle. Yet, somehow, in the midst of all this adversity the mass of the Confederate soldiers "found themselves." Their war service had toughened them. Though they found scanty rations at home on their return, they had often had scantier rations in the army. It was hard work to cultivate a neglected farm with old, worn-out imple- ments, mules, and horses; but they had oftentimes in the army made long marches, partly shoeless, scantily clad, and with empty haversacks. Such men were not given to much repining. Slowly but surely, in one way or another, most of them went to work — many of them, too, who had never done any real work before. The problems of reconstruction came as an aftermath of the war and proved in many cases as great a burden and draw^back. The post-war burdens were, however, bravely carried by the old Confederate veterans until a new South gradually arose from the persistent efforts of the veterans and their sons and daughters, for they became reconciled to the fate of the Confederacy, and they began to realize that a greater future was in store for their country under the Stars and Stripes than ever before. Senator Bankhead was among the first and foremost to enter upon the great work of restoring the South. While his occupation was that of a farmer, which he never forsook, he was gifted as a safe and sound legislator; 46667—21 2 [17] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead and his people took occasion immediately on his return from the war to avail themselves of his service in the State legislature, where he served many years in both branches with great credit and ability. After an interval of a few years, in which he served the State in an admin- istrative capacity, his people in 1886 sent him to Con- gress as a Member of the House, and there he remained till he came to the Senate in 1907. He became a promi- nent and leading Member of this body, and is an example of what a legislator can accomplish by devoting his attention to a few special subjects instead of seeking to cover the entire field of legislation. While he was faithful in attending the sessions of the Senate and the committees of which he was a member, there were two subjects that were ever near to his heart and to which he devoted special attention, namely, good roads and water-power development. As a farmer, he felt that one of the first needs of the farmer was a system of good roads; and being equally interested in the indus- trial development of the country he saw the necessity for legislation to develop and improve as rapidly as possible the many water powers scattered over the land. He was very active and persistent in securing the necessary legis- lation in these two fields, and while he was chairman of the Committee on Post Ofiices and Post Roads his work for good roads was crowned with success. He secured a most liberal appropriation for a series of years for a far-reaching scheme of road construction throughout the several States of the Union. He contributed more than anyone else to the accomplishment of this beneficent result. In the matter of the water-power legislation Senator Bankhead was equally persistent and energetic, though he did not live to see the final passage of the water-power bill; yet the bill as finally passed was substantially the [18] Address of Mr. Nelson, of Minnesota same bill which had been agreed upon by a conference committee of which he was chairman in the session imme- diately preceding the session in which the bill was passed. The report of the conference committee was adopted by the House and would undoubtedly have been adopted by the Senate could it have been taken up before adjourn- ment. Many Senators have great speeches to their credit, but few, if any, have to their credit legislative measures of as great value as these two important laws to the credit of Senator Bankhead. He was always earnest and sin- cere. He was slow to promise, but a promise made was never broken. He was never enamored with any legis- lative Utopias. He was the best example of a safe and sound legislator that I have ever come in contact with in all my legislative career. He had the faculty of in- tuitively grasping in an instant, as it were, the bad and objectionable features of any proposed legislation, and if he came to the conclusion that it was dangerous or unwise he never hesitated to say so and to oppose it. From the moment that the war was over, and Senator Bankhead returned to his home to take up under many drawbacks the duties of civil life, he became thoroughly loyal to the restored Union, and was ever zealous for its welfare and prosperity. While cherishing the memories of the war, and proud of the valor of the southern soldier, his activity was wholly in favor of the progress and pros- perity of our reunited country. He was proud of the fact, and he had a right to be, that he had a son who was a prominent officer in our Army during the recent war. He had another son who followed in his father's footsteps and became a Member of the House in 1917, and is still a prominent Member of that body; and thus in these re- spects has this old Confederate veteran, who never quailed in war or adversity, been more blessed and more fortunate ,[19] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead than some of us — fortunate and blessed because his heart and soul have been devoted since the days of the Civil War to the welfare, the prosperity, and the integrity of our common country, purified and strengthened through the crucible of war for all time to come. During my service here I have been quite intimate with many of my colleagues; with none of them, however, so intimate and close as with Senator Bankhead. During the Civil War we had been enemies in arms, but here in the Senate, when we were together, it seemed as though we had been comrades rather than enemies in arms. The spirit of true soldierhood was upon us, and so it was not so easy to realize that we had been opponents in arms. As soldiers, each of us had aimed to do his whole duty; but when the war was over its asperities were laid aside, as were the weapons we had used. The Union survived the shock of war, but along with it will also survive the memory of the heroic valor of the soldiers who fought that war. Senator Bankhead was the last survivor in this body of the veterans of the Confederate Army, and of the Union Army there are only two, advanced in years, who survive. While the Senator in his youth was a true sample of the old South, in his maturer and later years he was the living embodiment of the new South, with all its loyalty, vigor, and progressiveness. He has been more fortunate than the patriarch Moses. He has not only been permitted to view the promised land of a reunited country, but he has also been permitted to enter it and enjoy all its blessings in full measure for more than half a century. Dear Confederate veteran, accept this token from an old Union soldier. [20] Address of Mr. Fletcher, of Florida Mr. President: As one who honored and loved Senator Bankhead, I should not want this occasion to pass with- out joining his colleagues here in testifying to his ex- emplary life, great personality, nobility of character, and the extraordinary length and value to his country of his public career. I need not refer to the interesting biographical data already mentioned, but beginning with his service here we find a continuation of accomplishments which char- acterized his long and faithful public service. In the Democratic primaries of 1906 he was nominated alternate Senator, and in June, 1907, he was appointed United States Senator by the governor to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Hon. John T. Morgan, and in July, 1907, was elected to that office by the legislature. He was reelected by the legislature in January, 1911, for the full term beginning March 4, 1913. He was reelected Novem- ber 5, 1918, for the full term beginning March 4, 1919. Although he had opposition in the primaries of 1918 he made this characteristic announcement June 24 of that year: It is my purpose to remain in Washington during the campaign. I feel a pressing obligation to contribute, by my presence, every energy I possess to aid our President in the prosecution of the war to a victorious conclusion. My son and grandsons, the sons and grandsons of my fellow citizens all over Alabama, are with the colors. I can help them best by staying at my place of duty. I could not help them by a political campaign in Alabama in my own interests. I shall stay close to my duty here in this hour of national peril, let the results of my political fortune be what they may, and sub- mit my candidacy with an abiding faith that the people of Ala- bama will not fail to protect the interests of a faithful public servant. [21] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead He did remain at his post and the people of Alabama did prove true. In the Senate he gave special attention to the work of the Commerce Committee, of which he was a member, and the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads, of which he became chairman. Early recognizing the economy of water power he made the development of Muscle Shoals, on the Tennessee River, one of the great and successful labors of his incomparable public service. And the farmers of the country will ever have cause to bless his memory for this work in behalf of the enrichment of their fields. By this development the need of agriculture for cheap and abundant fertilizer will be supplied. The Bankhead Highway, the longest road in the world bearing one name, beginning in Washington, D, C, and ending at San Diego, Calif., is a just recognition by the public of the achievements wrought by John Hollis Bank- head in behalf of good roads throughout the Nation. Until he pressed the matter of Federal aid to military and post roads, the people of the United States had believed that a constitutional inhibition precluded this assistance out of the National Treasury. His first efforts to prove otherwise were derided by his political opponents. In the face of criticism he went steadily on to his objective and secured an appropriation for experimentation and demon- stration. Soon the Nation awoke to its opportunities and privileges and got behind the great leader on the subject. The last good roads legislation he secured carried an ap- propriation of $300,000,000, to be expended within the several States of the Union. In appreciation of this work for the good of mankind a grateful people have named the greatest transcontinental highway in his honor. Along this highway it is contemplated that double rows of trees [22] Address of Mr. Fletcher, of Florida will be planted in memory of the soldiers of the World War, and thus the Bankhead Highway becomes in a double sense a " Road of Remembrance." Illustrative of his deep concern for the welfare of the people and the prosperity of the country and his resource- fulness in emergencies, may be cited his efforts and plans to relieve the deplorable conditions which confronted the cotton growers in the fall of 1914, when the price dropped far below the cost of production. A measure was intro- duced in the Senate requiring the Government to purchase 5,000,000 bales. It would have been a profitable transac- tion for the Government, but there were serious objections to the proposal, and Senator Bankhead urged a more fea- sible, more efficacious, and more statesmanlike plan, to wit, that the State issue three-year bonds and buy at 10 cents per pound one-half the cotton crop grown in the State. If his plan had been adopted the farmers of Ala- bama, for instance, would have saved $10,000,000, and the State would have had a profit of $25,000,000— enough to have paid the entire bonded and floating debt of the State, with enough over to have hard-surfaced the main public roads. The Senate will recall that extraordinary and most im- pressive occurrence, June 5, 1917, when Senator Bank- head appeared in his gray uniform and submitted a mo- tion which was unanimously agreed to, in these eloquent words : Mr. President, in submitting the motion I intend to make I trust no Senator will feel that it is an imposition upon the time or the business of the Senate or that its purpose implies any motive of disloyalty to the flag of our country. On the contrary, it is in- tended as a tribute to the patriotism of the Confederate veteran and his son, who stand ready and willing to offer their lives and their means for the perpetuation of the Union which they so des- perately and at such great sacrifice attempted to dissolve. I take [28] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead the liberty of offering this motion since I am the only remaining Senator who served four full years as a Confederate soldier. The local post of the Grand Army of the Republic and the civic organizations of the city of Washington have extended the Con- federate veterans a most generous and pressing invitation to hold their twenty-seventh annual reunion in the Capital City of the Nation, and in the same generous and gracious spirit the invitation was accepted. To-day the shattered remnants of the armies of Lee and Jackson, Johnston and Bragg, and of the navies of the Confederacy, who are physically and financially able, are in Wash- ington and on Thursday will march with their sons down Penn- sylvania Avenue in review before the President of the United States. Think, Senators, of the significance of a spectacle like thisl A little more than half a century ago these same men in arms were hammering at the gates of Washington in an effort to sever their relations with the National Government. Thursday, marching with broken body and faltering step, on a mission of peace and love, not of hatred and bloodshed, but in a spirit of resolute reconciliation and absolute loyalty to our flag, they will voice in vibrant tones to all the world an indissoluble Union of the United States. I am grateful that God has spared me to see this day, when my old comrades in arms of the Confederacy are here in the Capital of that Nation which for four years they strug- gled desperately to destroy, but which none in all this great Republic are now more anxious to preserve. For four years I marched and fought under the Stars and Bars. Five immediate members of my family are now enlisted under the Stars and Stripes — a son, two grandsons, and two nephews. They will even up our records. Now, Mr. President, as a mark of honor and respect to the Con- federate veterans assembled in reunion in the city of Washington, the Capital of the United States of America, I move that the Senate adjourn until 12 o'clock noon on Friday next. The Congressional Record further shows: The Vice PREsmENT. The question is on agreeing to the motion of the Senator from Alabama. The motion was agreed to; and (at 12 o'clock and 10 minutes p. m.) the Senate adjourned until Friday, June 8, 1917, at 12 o'clock m. [24] Address of Mr. Fletcher, of Florida I was proud to inarch that day, as one of the sons, in the grand parade that was the climax of the reunion down Pennsylvania Avenue, behind the Confederate veteran in gray side by side with the Union veteran, the senior Sena- tor from Minnesota [Mr. Nelson], in blue, their comrade- ship denoting to the cheering throngs the unity of the country. The last of the Confederates in the United States Senate passed with the death of Capt. Bankhead, which occurred at his home in Washington, D. C, March 1, 1920. Accompanied by his loved companion, with whom he had lived an ideal married life of 54 years, his children and grandchildren, his faithful secretaries, and a large delegation of Members of both Houses of Congress, his remains were taken to the State he had served so long and ably and buried amid the hills he had loved so ardently and among the people who had delighted to honor him in life and who mourned him in death. After the funeral at the Methodist Church in Jasper, Ala., the burial services were conducted by the Masons, of which he was past grand master. We need him now in dealing with the serious govern- mental problems which confront us. To be deprived of his great aid in their wise solution means a material loss to the Nation. Even tempered, self-controlled, gentle, and kind, always considerate of others, he made warm friends, whom he held in growing attachment. Of commanding appearance, he was great in mind and in heart as well. His practical common sense, sound judgment, sterling honesty, and noble purposes, combined with unusual intel- lectual gifts and high character to make him a true states- man and wise leader. [25] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead His patriotism was deep and strong and ran true through every fiber of his being. He lived the wholesome life of the good citizen in full sympathy and close touch with his fellow men. He recognized and illustrated the truth that the true road to preferment is the straight, though hard, road of personal effort, and the rule of that road is the clean, though harsh, rule of survival by merit. He appreciated the value of the sailor's skill which enables him to go forward by the very winds that blow against him. Day by day and hour by hour he made for himself while here the life in the spiritual world he now enjoys. In that place in the spiritual universe, which only the mind and spirit may apprehend, the only test is character, and our departed friend lived a life here which assures us the final judgment admitted him to a freer, fuller, happier existence. To-night as I sat at my window While the West was all agleam With that strange and wonderful splendor That is fleeting as a dream, I thought that the hands of angels Had flung heaven's gateways wide, And I caught some glimpse of the glory From the hills on the other side. Is it not a comforting fancy. This sunset thought of mine, That always the gates of heaven Swing open at day's decline — That those whose work is all ended From our earthly woes and ills. May pass to the peace and gladness That crown the beautiful hills? [26] Address of Mr. Lodge, of Massachusetts Mr. President: No one who knew Senator Bankhead can think of him or speak of him as we speak of him here to-day without a keen sense of personal loss, for he was one of those men, none too common, who always inspired affection in all who came in contact with him. As my thoughts turn to him many memories arise of days long dead, for we both began our life in Washington in the same Congress. For six years I was with him in the House, and all the memories of our acquaintance there and of my service with him are pleasant and smiling as they look at me out of the past. They are recollections I like to recall. Then after those six years I came to the Senate. Sen- ator Bankhead continued to serve in the House for 14 years longer, and then he also came to the Senate, where he remained until his death 12 years later. Here the acquaintanceship of the House ripened into friendship, and I became very much attached to him; something not very remarkable, for he was endowed as few men are with the happy gift of attaching people to him, all with- out effort or intention, because the power was innate, and he could not help exercising it wherever he went and upon whomever he met. Rufus Choate once said that there are some men whom one hates with cause and others peremptorily, like Dr. Fell of the familiar rhyme. I think the reverse has also much truth in it. As we go on in the world we encounter very many of our fellow men, for the most part with indifference, but there are always some, fortunately for us not a few, whom we respect, admire, love, and esteem for good and easily [27] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead explained reasons, and also others, by no means so numerous, who excite a feeling of affection at once, at the first contact and peremptorily, no cause or reason being either asked or required. The rare quality of these last was characteristic of Senator Bankhead. It is a gift which, like what we call personal charm, rather defies analysis, but no one who has felt it as we did with him ever denies the fact of its existence. Many elements go to the making up of this power to inspire affection at the first sight, on no especial grounds or on no grounds at all. It is there. It holds us captive, and no more need be said. Yet there are qualities in the man so endowed which if not the cause of the ability to inspire affection go with it and are inseparable from it. Kindliness, gentleness, tolerance, and good sense; sympa- thetic ways, something again quite indefinable; a generous loyalty to friends which draws no lines of politics or party; an abundant sense of humor; and an atmosphere inviting trust and confidence which are never disappointed. We shall all, I believe, agree that in this enumeration I have been describing Senator Bankhead as we knew him, and if this be granted there is no cause for wonder at our fondness for him or at the grief w^e all felt when he ceased to live. To make sure of the Congress which we entered together I glanced at the little biographical sketch of Senator Bank- head in the Directory. It was very brief, and I read it through in a moment. Four years a soldier in the Con- federate Army and thrice wounded. A planter by occu- pation. Three times a representative in the General As- sembly of Alabama, a year in the State senate, another in the lower branch; then 20 years in the House of Repre- sentatives and 12 years in the Senate. That is all. A dry, unadorned list of dates and offices, and yet as I reflected [28] Address of Mr. Lodge, of Massachusetts upon it I found much meaning in it and the record of a fine and useful life shone very clearly through the com- monplace words of the catalogue. "A planter," it said, one who drew his living and sustained his family from the earth itself; a member of that ancient calling which goes back to a dim past, when the men who settled down in one spot and tilled the soil lifted the whole race from the savagery of wandering tribes to the permanency of a fixed dwelling place, which is the first stage and the sure foundation of enduring and organized society. Through the steady effort of such men the landowner replaced the nomad. "A planter " meant also a freeholder, a position reached after years of struggle by the people of our west- ern civilization, and the freeholder, thus established, has become the bulwark of society, for the men who own their land can always be trusted to love and protect it, and that means to guard their country. Then conies four years of war, with its proof of high courage and readiness to sacrifice all for the cause the man holds dear. Then follows more than half a century of public service, always upward, and in due time attain- ing to the high places of public life. It was a most honor- able and distinguished service, that of Senator Bankhead, never clamorous or self-advertised, but always as modest in appearance as it was diligent, valuable, and effective in reality. Two years before his death there was held here in Washington the twenty-seventh annual reunion of the Confederate Veterans, and Senator Bankhead made on this floor a motion that the Senate adjourn over the day of their parade. I imagine that all who were present must recall the scene when Senator Bankhead, dressed in a uniform of Confederate gray, simple, as always, without notice and without parade, arose and addressed the Senate in support of his motion. It was an occasion far more [29] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead memorable than most of those which, widely heralded, carefully announced, and decked with all the forms of official ceremony, have in this Chamber drawn crowds of sight-seers and arrested public attention; the more mem- orable because it was a most significant expression of the union of a great people. Those words, the words that he then uttered, have been quoted already on this floor by two Senators. I have them here. Nothing I could say of him would be complete without them. Senator Bankhead said : To-day the shattered remnants of the armies of Lee and Jackson, Johnston and Bragg, and of the navies of the Confederacy, who are physically and financially able, are in Washington and on Thursday will march with their sons down Pennsylvania Avenue in review before the President of the United States. Think, Sena- tors, of the significance of a spectacle like this I A little more than half a century ago these same men in arms were hammering at the gates of Washington in an eff"ort to sever their relations with the National Government. Thursday, marching with broken body and faltering step on a mission of peace and love, not of hatred and bloodshed, but in a spirit of resolute reconciliation and absolute loyalty to our flag, they will voice in vibrant tones to all the world an indissoluble Union of the United States. I am grateful that God has spared me to see this day, when my old comrades in arms of the Confederacy are here in the Capital of that Nation which for four years they struggled desperately to destroy, but which none in all this great Republic are now more anxious to preserve. For five years I marched and fought under the Stars and Bars. Five immediate members of my family are now enlisted under the Stars and Stripes — a son, two grandsons, and two nephews. They will even up our records. It seems to me that this was a very noble declaration. It came from the heart. It was instinct with love of coun- try. It was American in the highest sense, generous, patriotic, brave, and truthful. To me it seems to be filled with a very beautiful spirit. It was a fitting conclusion [30] Address of Mr. Lodge, of Massachusetts and a crown above price to a long and well-spent life given to the service of his country. As Emerson said of another distinguished American so we may say of Senator Bankhead: " Yet the fullness of his respect for every man and his self-respect at the same time have their reward, and after sitting all these years on his plain wooden bench with eternal patience, Honor comes and sits down by him." Such a man gives us faith in America and in the Ameri- can people. What better service can anyone render to his country and his time? What greater reward can any man earn than to have all who know him feel a great gladness that he lived and a deep sorrow that he has gone from among them? 131] Address of Mr. Smith, of Arizona Mr. President: Occasions of this character are pecul- iarly trying and painful to me, where the subject of our eulogies was a verj'^ close and very dear friend of mine through all the years of manhood's real life. I first heard of him the day I first met him as we took our first congressional oath of office at the opening of the Fiftieth Congress, in December, 1887. That was a truly great House of Representatives, on whose membership he early impressed himself as a man of rare judgment and great sincerity of purpose and equal sincerity of speech. Modest, yet firm, and, if need be, ag- gressive in the right as he was given to see it. Unfaltering in his friendships, yet just in his judgments even where they were concerned. As brave as a lion, as tender as a woman, as true as a magnet, he stepped unassumingly into public life in his early manhood and by these striking characteristics maintained himself in the love and ad- miration of the people of his State until the final summons came to him, as it will soon come to us all. The Fiftieth Congress and the two or three succeeding ones had, in my judgment, no superior in our legislative history, and I deem it a great honor and benefit to myself and to all those who served with the men of that day. Dingley and Reed, of Maine; Carlisle and Breckenridge, of Kentucky; Culberson and Mills, of Texas; Bland, Burns, Hatch, and Stone, of Missouri; Sunset Cox and Amos Cummings, of New York; Turner and Crisp, of Georgia; Cannon, Springer, and Payson, of Illinois; Hol- man and Shively, of Indiana; Henry Cabot Lodge, of Massachusetts; Julius C. Burroughs, of Michigan; McKin- ley, Grosvenor, and Butterworth, of Ohio; Pig Iron Kelley and Dalzell, of Pennsylvania; and as many more of as [32] Address of Mr. Smith, of Arizona great if not equal ability, but possibly less renown, shed glory on that Congress in which our friend first served. A hasty retrospect of the Senate reveals at once the names of Aldrich and Allison, Hoar and Sherman, Ed- munds and Hale, Daniel of Virginia, Evarts of New York, George and Walthall of Mississippi, Ingalls and Plumb, Voorhees and Turpie, Vance, Vest, Morgan and Pugh of Alabama, and Isham G. Harris of Tennessee. What a galaxy of brains and patriotism here faces us. Our dead friend John H. Bankhead knew them all, and finally reached the Senate early enough to mingle with some of them. Still purposeful, courageous, and undaunted, he pursued his course undoubting and unafraid until in this body he succeeded in impressing on the country the necessity of aid by the General Government to good roads in the States, and the great impetus thus given promises shortly to so lessen the costs of transportation as to double the profits of all original producers without increasing the cost to the consumers. A great continental highway from ocean to ocean, now in course of construction, justly bears his name, and this monument to his vision, patriotism, perseverance, and statesmanship will keep his memory fresh in the minds of grateful people when all the great men I have mentioned will be known only to a few stu- dents of our history. But it is not as Congressman or Senator or statesman that my memory cherishes him, but as John Bankhead, the man and friend whom I loved. He was not demon- strative in his affection or other emotions, but calm, deep, and intensely sincere, in consequence of which he was loved most by those who knew him best. Slow to ask but quick to grant reasonable favors. Slow to anger, which was terrible when justly provoked, yet quick to forgive and forget unpremeditated injuries. Just in his judgment of men and their motives, hating injustice, cant, and 46667—21 3 [33] Memorial Addresses : Senator 'Bankhead hypocrisy with an intense hate wherever seen, yet looking with pitying leniency on the foibles and weaknesses of his fellows. Possessing such character, it is no wonder that his friends so loved him and his State so honored him. He was the last Confederate soldier to serve in this body, and how like him it was to rarely speak and never boast of his long, brave service to the lost cause. He never regretted it, never apologized for it, never doubted that right was on the side for which he fought. After it was finished he was singularly free from the ruinous prejudices that alvv'ays follow such catastrophes. But I have no doubt that the sufferings through which the South passed in the long-drawn period of reconstruc- tion intensified his love for his own State until it became a passion with him. This was not unnatural in a man like him. How intense was this feeling for his native State of Alabama was revealed to me in private converse shortly before his death wherein he spoke so feelingly of Car- mack's tribute to the South and expressed his thorough and complete accord with every sentiment uttered, and repeated almost verbatim that thrilling and tender burst of pathetic eloquence : "The South is a land that has known sorrows; it is a land that has broken the ashen crust and moistened it with tears; a land scarred and riven by the plowshare of war and billowed with the graves of her dead, but a land of legend, a land of song, a land of hallowed and heroic memories. To that land every drop of my blood, every fiber of my being, every pulsation of my heart is conse- crated forever. I was born of her womb, I was nurtured at her breast, and when my last hour shall come I pray God I may be pillowed on her bosom and rocked to sleep within her tender and encircling arms." That prayer has been answered, and he sleeps well. [34] Address of Mr. Townsend, of Michigan Mr. President : One of my earliest memories of congres- sional life is that of Congressman John H. Bankhead. His strong features and distinguished personal appear- ance made him a marked figure, even to the stranger. His bearing was dignified and confident, and before he spoke he was recognized as an unusual man, for even the first impressions of him were that his dignity was native and not of art, and his look of confidence was but the record of victories in combats with the shams and errors of life. I soon came to know him personally and well, and dur- ing the remainder of my life, as I inventory the value of friendship, which is the greatest personal benefit which comes from congressional life, I shall put high estimate upon my memory of close friendship with Representative and Senator Bankhead. I learned that my first impres- sions were right and that the inner qualities of the man were more than faithful to their facial advertisements. I have served in the National Congress nearly 18 years. I do not know how many different men have been my colleagues during that period, but their number has been several thousand. Practically all of them have been far above the average of men in character and ability, and yet even now I find it is comparatively few of them that I remember well. Indeed, it is true that only a few really close, warm friendships are formed in Congress. Respect is general, but that heart relation which is unaffected by creed or politics, by wealth or poverty, by social position or selfish desires, that something, which for lack of better name we call true friendship, is all too uncommon. It is, however, the rarest and most precious jewel of congres- sional service. [35] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead The friendship of Senator Bankhead was genuine. He knew no deception. He was a shrewd legislator and most successful in the causes for which he contended, but he never employed the arts and intrigues of hypocrisy. His lips never said " I love you " when his heart was not in accord. He probably believed that the truth should not be spoken at all times, especially when it would produce unfruitful pain. But he never lied to accomplish an end. His word was frankly spoken and always passed at par among his colleagues. Since I have been in the Senate, and until death sepa- rated him from it, he and I were members of the Com- mittee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Some of the time he was chairman of it. Some of the time I was chairman. All of the time we worked in closest harmony. When he was absent he authorized me to vote him on all matters, and in a similar manner I trusted him when I was away. I believe I knew him and, knowing him, I believed in him. As a legislator he was well equipped with good judg- ment, rare insight, common sense, broad experience, and almost sublime courage. He was not spectacular, but he was honest and sound. I could, with profit to those who hear or read what I may say, recount his public achieve- ments, but they have already been told by others more eloquently and in detail. I like to think of him as a man without sham or pretense. He was proud of his family, which he loved with all the affection and devotion of a true husband and father. If my memory is not defective, I think that his death is the first break in his own family ties. His large and distin- guished family of children grew into useful manhood and beautiful womanhood. He saw and guided their growth and rejoiced in it, for every one was a credit and honor not only to the devoted father and mother but to the com- munity and State in which they grew and lived. One of [36] Address of Mr. Town send, of Michigan his beloved sons was an honored Member of the House of Representatives when the father died. Senator Bankhead felt that he had been unusually blessed. And so, indeed, he had been. Until he was stricken at last, sickness had been almost unknown to him and his loved ones. He and they lived in an all-pervading atmosphere of love and confidence. Such an atmosphere is conducive to health, happiness, and long life. About the last time I saw him he told me that he was in his seventy-eighth year. A ripe old age. And yet we did not think he was old, and he could have passed for much younger. He asked for no handicap in the race with his colleagues. Until the very last he faithfully and efficiently performed his duties, and we shall miss him. His State lost a faithful representative here; his country, at a time when it needs strong men, has lost one of its best Senators. If, however, a long life's record of great usefulness is worth while, his family and the Senate should take hope and comfort. Mr. President, the senior Senator from Washington [Mr. Jones], who was also a colleague in the House and Senate of the late Senator Bankhead, is on the program to speak to-day. He is unavoidably absent. He has, however, sent his remarks to me and asked me to read them. If I may have the permission of the Senate, I will now proceed to do so. [37] Address of Mr. Jones, of Washington Mr. President: The men who were the youth of 60 years ago may seem out of date to-day. They may not grasp our problems in the progressive way that many of us think they should be undertaken. Their sterling character and Spartan devotion to what they believe in, however, are an inspiration to those who admire sin- cerity of purpose and unswerving loyalty to honest con- viction. These men of another generation grasped the fundamentals of life. They held to them and applied them to all the problems they met. The fundamental principles of human action are, after all, a pretty safe guide. They are as immutable as the stars, and the man who follows them will be right more often than he will be wrong. It was my good fortune to enter Congress when it had among its membership many of these men. They were men of strong character, marked ability, uncompromis- ing in their belief in the principles that control human action, and unsM^erving in their devotion to what they thought to be the fundamental principles of their Gov- ernment and the beliefs of the fathers of the Republic. Among these men was John H. Bankhead. He was not the great debater that many of them were, but in all else he was the peer of any. While making no pre- tensions to oratory or debating skill, he expressed him- self with rare conciseness and clarity. He was frank and open in all he did. When he came to a conclusion upon a matter there was no doubt as to his position. He knew what he wanted, and he sought to attain it by direct, open, fair, and honorable means. The rule of right was the sole guide to his acts. He had but little sympathy with [381 Address of Mr. Jones, of Washington many of the so-called progressive doctrines of to-day, simply because they did not to his mind square with the principles in which he firmly believed. He was another great and good man whom many called a " standpatter " and a " reactionary." He was a " standpatter " in the sense that he stood firmly by his convictions and tried to carry them out without swerving. He was a " reac- tionaiy " in the sense that he applied what he believed to be the tried principles of experience to the problems of to-day. In his judgment the principles which the fathers applied to their problems were sufficient to meet our problems if honestly and fearlessly followed and if properly adapted to changed conditions. John H. Bankhead may have been mistaken in his judgment, but he did that which he thought was right and for the best interests of his State and his country. The same courage that led him to fight bravely on the battle field for the cause he believed to be right led him to stand unflinchingly for his convictions in the battles of peace. While a strong partisan, he did not hesitate to go against his party when it took a position contrary to the principles that controlled his actions. • The legislative career of John H. Bankhead was one of marked success. He did much for his State and country. He gave the most careful attention to every matter that was presented to him. He neglected no opportunity to serve his people. Their needs commanded all his energy and ability. The great problems of internal improvement and development had his special attention. He was an ardent and effective advocate of water transportation fa- cilities, both domestic and foreign. Good roads had no more earnest or efficient champion than he, and he lived to see much of his hopes realized in this direction. Water- power legislation had been pending for many years. He fully appreciated its importance. It had his special atten- [39] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead tion, and everything that he could do to promote its pas- sage he did. As chairman of a conference committee he did much to bring about an agreement on this legislation between the House and the Senate, but the report that was submitted was not adopted because of the close of Con- gress. The report which he had so much to do with secur- ing was largely the basis of action of the succeeding Con- gress. He did not live to see this legislation passed. It is now on the statute books and to his close study and earn- est efforts is largely due this great measure of a real, con- structive character. It is an inspiration to have known John H. Bankhead, to have acted with him in the work of important legislation, and to have counted him my friend. I am glad to pay this feeble tribute to his memory. Words are empty symbols, but his acts and deeds are living, vital things to move us to higher and better living. [40] Address of Mr. Ransdell, of Louisiana Mr. President: I received the news of Senator Bank- head's death last spring with as much regret and heartfelt sorrow as I have ever experienced at the departure of a friend. As Members of the House and as Senators our legislative duties were along similar lines; the needs of his district and State and mine were somewhat the same; and our committee assignments for many years were identical. Like myself, he was a practical planter and loved the life of the farm. His vacations were always spent on his plantation overlooking the actual farm work and rusti- cating with old friends and admirers. In saying a few words in testimony of his high character and devoted public service, therefore, my thoughts are those of one who has seen in action the wonderful talent and unselJBsh industry which characterized the work of the deceased Senator. John Hollis Bankhead was born on his father's farm in Marion, now Lamar County, near the old town of Moscow, Ala., September 13, 1842. He was educated in the country schools of his native place, and at the outbreak of the War between the States cast his fortunes with the South. Young Bankhead enlisted as a private in the Sixteenth Alabama Infantry, served from the beginning until the end of the struggle, and was mustered out as a captain. Dur- ing the Battle of Chickamauga — one of the important battles of the Confederacy — Capt. Bankhead was severely wounded, but displayed unflinching courage and deter- mination by crawling from the field carrying on his back a disabled comrade. After the war Capt. Bankhead returned to his farm life. While a young man he was elected to the Alabama House of Representatives, then to the State senate, and later to [41] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead Congress, serving in the National House of Representatives from 1887 to 1907, a period of 20 years. In 1907 he was appointed to the Senate to succeed Senator John T. Morgan and was subsequently elected by the legislature. He was twice reelected by the people of Alabama to a seat in this body, and had served only a year of his last term when death overtook him. As a fellow member of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors of the House of Representatives, to which I was appointed in 1901, my friendship with the late Senator developed. He was as deeply interested in improving navigation on the Warrior River as I was in the allied problems of transportation and flood control on the Missis- sippi, and there was always the most cordial cooperation between us in helping to solve these very difficult ques- tions. This made a strong bond between us and brought me into the most friendly relations with the late Senator, whom I soon learned to admire and honor. He was not local or provincial in viewpoint and always took a broad national attitude in matters before Congress. The people of Alabama are greatly indebted to him for invaluable service in having the Warrior River made a navigable stream from the rich coal fields to Mobile Bay and for deepening Mobile Harbor. Alabama ought to be also truly grateful for his inestimable assistance in developing water power at Muscle Shoals, on the Tennessee River. In the Senate we served on the Commerce Committee together, and as a Senator his interest in the waterway problems of the country never lessened. Senator Bankhead was a pioneer in the good-roads movement; and the fact that the great transcontinental highway from this city to San Diego, Calif., was named in his honor testifies strongly to the incomparable service he rendered the Nation and the cause of adequate transpor- tation for our country's products. [42] Address of Mr. Ransdell, of Louisiana In my relations with the distinguished Alabamian one of his outstanding traits of character was his absolute justice to all. He was a sincere man, and his associates always knew where he stood. No mere persuasion nor glamor of personal or political expediency could swerve this soldier- statesman from the path of principle. Honesty, political courage, and a scrupulous regard for fairness were the mainsprings of his very nature. He never tried to deceive and was always frank and open in expressing his convic- tions. He had wonderful stability of character and in- exorably followed the strict line of duty when it once became clear to him. Senator Bankhead was a very amiable and courteous man, always kind and considerate with others. During my association of 20 years with him I never knew the Senator to use a harsh word or do an unkind act. He was always humane in dealing with his fellowman; in fact, he had a deep appreciation of human nature, and to this may be largely attributed his great success in life. Yet, withal, he was a firm man, and stood fast to his ideals of right. The Senator was a most attentive Member of this body and oiie of its hardest workers. He was not a great orator, nor did he often address the Senate, but when he took the floor his speeches attracted close attention, as they always contained luminous facts in support of his arguments. His colleagues in the Senate regarded him as a sound, practical statesman, who had learned at first hand in the hard school of human experience to grapple with the prob- lems of life and solve them, and no Member of this body was held in higher esteem. Even in his later years he seldom absented himself from the sessions of the Senate, and was at his post of duty when the final summons came. The death of Senator Bankhead has left a niche in the public life of Alabama and the country difficult to fill. His name was associated with the wonderful progress and [43] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead attainments of his native State, and his great personality and splendid example ought to be a guiding star for the youth of Alabama, aye, for every boy in America. His beloved State, whose people loved him in life, v^^ill for- ever revere his memory, and his many friends in the Senate will look back on their associations with this noble American with pleasure and pride. Personally, I have lost a good friend; his family, a devoted father; and the Nation an able and faithful public servant. My heart goes out to his family in their sorrow, and my hope is that re- membrance of the Senator's splendid, upright character and remarkable achievements for State and Nation will in a measure help to assuage their grief. [44] Address of Mr. Shields, of Tennessee Mr. President: When I came to the United States Sen- ate, nearly eight years ago, my acquaintance was largely confined to those Senators from the States that bordered on Tennessee, and coming from the same section, with the same common interest, traditions, and aspirations, my closest association in this body was in the beginning nat- urally with them. What I have to say in regard to some of those great Senators is not to be understood as an invidious compari- son with Senators from other States and other sections, nor those who now occupy seats from the States I have mentioned. I would say much of what I am about to say of them, both living and dead. I speak only of the dead, of those who have answered their last roll call and now sleep in the soil of the great States whose people honored and trusted them to repre- sent them in this great legislative body. They were Thomas S. Martin, of Virginia; Augustus 0. Bacon, of Georgia; Joseph F. Johnson and John H. Bankhead, of Alabama; James P. Clarke, of Arkansas; William J. Stone, of Missouri; and W. O. Bradley and OUie M. James, of Kentucky — just one-half of the Senators representing those States in March, 1913. They all died in the dis- charge of the public duties confided to them by a loyal and trusting people and enjoying in the fullest measures the admiration and confidence of their constituencies. They were with one exception men of a generation gone by, few of which survive them. They were of that sturdy and indomitable stock who conquered the American wilderness, established homes, churches, and schools and constructed our incomparable Government, and made [45] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead America the greatest Nation of the world. They were men of different and varied types. There were among them planters, business men, soldiers, lawyers, jurists, and ora- tors, and each and all of them excelled and were great in their particular avocations and professions, adorning and contributing to the success, honor, and glory of them. They were constructive statesmen, and their States, their common country, and their Government are all better for their example and honorable public services. They were manly men, men of courage, men who walked erect and looked the sun in the face without a tremor. They were men of convictions, with the courage and ability to defend and maintain them. They knew no master and acknowl- edged no superior save their God. They were sun- crowned American citizens, the highest eulogy which can be conferred on any man. It is no wonder that I admired these splendid citizens and statesmen and delighted in their society and friendship. Mr. President, recalling the character and services of these illustrious Senators causes emotions of sadness and regret that they are no longer here and that their places know them no more, but it is useful for us to do so. It is not only a solace and a stimulus, but it is an inspiration to those who follow them to emulate their great services, their rectitude of purpose, their patriotism, and their devotion to their people and to their country. This is all we can do, for — The good knights are dust, Their swords are rust, And their souls with the saints, we trust. Mr. President, we are met here to-day to commemorate the life, character, and public services and to do honor to the memory of one of this distinguished group of Senators, the peer of any of them, the Hon. John H. Bankhead. [46] Address of Mr. Shields, of Tennessee I will not speak of his early days, nor attempt to give any biographical sketch of him, nor will I recount all the places of public trust that he held in his State and the Federal service. That has been done by other lov- ing and admiring friends who knew him better and are proud of his friendship and association and of the honors he has conferred upon their great State. When I became a Member of the Senate, circumstances and common interest threw me much with him, and I had ample opportunity to judge of his character as a man and his abilities as a Senator. I soon formed a high estimate of him in every respect, and the longer I knew him and the closer I got to him the greater was my admira- tion and respect and the stronger my affection for him. I would not undertake to recall the many kind- nesses I received at his hands or the great assistance he gave me in the early days of my service here. I have no words to describe my affectionate regard for him and my deep and sincere sense of loss when he was gone. The loss of friends whom we loved and esteemed is something akin to the loss of those who are close to us by the ties of blood and family relations, which we feel a reluctance to speak of. They are the innermost and most sacred emotions of the heart and soul and can not be fittingly described in words. They are too sacred to be confided to others. Senator Bankhead was one of those men whom nature endowed and made superior in many things that go to make up a successful life and a leader of men. Success marked all his relations, associations, and efforts in life. He was fortunate and happy in his marriage and in the affection and assistance of an estimable and lovable wife, who survives him. He was happy in living to see his children emerge from childhood and youth and become valued members of society, and especially in seeing his [47] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead sons, of whom he was justly proud, occupy prominent positions in the forefront of their professions, possessing the fullest confidence and admiration of their friends and fellow citizens. I have often thought there was no greater happiness that could come to a father and mother in their declining years, or which would enable them to meet the end, which all mortals must contemplate with more resignation and composure, than the realization of fond hopes of this character. He was happy in acquir- ing and holding through a long and sometimes tempes- tuous public career in which great problems were met and solved the love and confidence of the people of a great State. He had the consciousness of having dis- charged his duty in every trust confided to him faith- fully, honestly, and with self-sacrificing devotion. This must have added much to the peace and tranquillity which seemed to possess him when his soul, without a struggle, passed away and entered into the great beyond. He was strong physically, mentally, and morally, and his great courage, indomitable determination to do what he believed was right gave him force and a power to accomplish with an unusual measure of success every undertaking to which he devoted himself. Alabama has produced many strong, able, and patri- otic men, and those whom Senator Bankhead came in contact with in his many civic and political struggles were no exception to the rule. A mere statement of the honors conferred upon him by the people of that State, and the high offices he was chosen to fill, con- clusively establishes the assertion of his friends of his integrity, ability, and the faithful discharge of duty and of his right to be called a leader of men, for no man not possessing all of these qualities in an eminent degree could have won the victories that came to him or acquired [48] Address of Mr. Shields, of Tennessee and retained the confidence of the people of that great State. He loved his State and his section and was proud of and loyal to his country and his Government. When yet a youth, believing firmly in the righteousness of the cause of the South, he volunteered as private in the Confederate Army and made a brave soldier, serving throughout that great struggle, winning promotions to that of a captaincy for gallantry in action. And when that sacred cause was lost and the banner with the cross of St. Andrew was furled, furled in sadness and in defeat but without dishonor or the semblance thereof, he accepted the inevitable result and returned to his allegiance to the Union, and from then on the Stars and Stripes was his flag and the United States was his Government, and it never had a more loyal and devoted adherent. Senator Bankhead was a firm believer in the Christian religion and held the church and all that it teaches and inculcates with that high respect which is the duty of all men and so necessary an element in the good citizen and the public servant. He never thrust his views of such matters upon others, but when occasion required in such remarks as he made upon the subject his firmness, sin- cerity, and faith were evident and unmistakable. While a cordial and loyal friend when once that rela- tion was established, he did not form friendships readily or without first coming to decisive conclusions as to the character and the worth of men. He estimated their merits or demerits with care and formed his conclusions with deliberation, but when he believed a man was worthy of his friendship his attachment was strong and his friend- ship loyal to the utmost degree. He had the confidence of his fellow Senators and they all respected him for his rugged integrity, his fairness and courtesy, and devotion to duty. 46667—21 i [49] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead He was not a man of words, but rather of action. He was not an orator, but had a clear conception of what he wanted to say and present for the consideration of his audience, and he stated it concisely and in simple words with such clearness and force that those whom he ad- dressed always understood him and were often convinced of the soundness of his views. He did not speak often and addressed the Senate only when he had a purpose to accomplish. His forte and the secret of his success was his extraordinary common sense and the ability to apply it in a practical manner to the situation or the problem that confronted him. His judg- ment was as honest as it was sound. He had a grasp of business propositions and he brought his experience to bear on all legislation which affected the economic interest of the country. His greatest services in the Senate were in the com- mittee room, where, after all, the most effective work is done in the promotion and perfecting of wise legislation. The discussion of bills and policies in committees and the free exchange of opinions there bring out the merits or demerits of the measure in hand in a manner which can not be done in the open debate of the Senate. Those in- formal discussions call for a more complete knowledge of the subject in hand and more ability in presenting the merits of the measure and meeting the objections to it than the preparation and delivery of formal addresses in this Chamber. Were it not for the careful and laborious work of committees it is impossible to say how much un- wise legislation would reach the statute books. Senator Bankhead attended the meetings of his com- mittees with great regularity and gave careful attention to all bills considered by them, and his views concerning them were always pertinent and valuable and aided much toward clearing up errors and perfecting legislation. [50] Address of Mr. Shields, of Tennessee He was especially interested and gave great attention as a member of the Committee on Commerce to the de- velopment and improvement of the waterways of the country. His services to his own State along these lines were marked and valuable, but his interest extended to all the waterways of the Nation, for he was broad and liberal in his policies and efforts to develop the interest of the entire country. He was deeply interested in public highways, and accomplished more in developing a na- tional system of improved highways than any other man who has been in the Senate for many years. He took great interest in our Postal System and did much to improve its economical administration and efficiency. He was deeply interested in agriculture and educational matters, and did splendid work in promoting legislation for the advancement of their interest. He had a great reverence for the Constitution of the fathers and opposed all insidious efforts to undermine and violate its beneficent provisions. While not a lawyer, he thoroughly understood the great and underlying prin- ciples of our Government, and he lived up to his concep- tions of them, consistently and fearlessly. He believed that the National Government was created by the States and had no powers but those that the States had delegated to it, but, in the exercise of these powers, it was absolute. He believed that the Federal Government should be con- fined to the powers so expressly vested and those neces- sarily implied for their full and efficient exercise, but he at all times upheld the reserved rights and powers of the States and firmly resisted all encroachments upon them, believing in the sovereignty of the States in all local matters. He firmly believed and had faith in the great fundamental policies of his partj'^ and was ever ready to defend and maintain them. He never followed false gods or wild and impracticable heresies which have from time [51] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead to time disturbed and afflicted our country, regardless of the temporary advantage which they seem to give, or the attractiveness or special benefits to be derived from them, and had an unutterable contempt for the timeserver and the opportunist. May we have more men of his courage, faith, and firmness ! Those who would bend his bow must gird their loins for unusual strength, and look aloft for faith and inspiration. [52] Address of Mr. Pomerene, of Ohio Mr. President: These splendid eulogies to this splendid man make us all feel as if we were in the presence of a hallowed spirit and we are. No finer tributes have ever been paid to a deceased Member of the Senate, and none have been more deserved. It is always difficult to speak of a dead friend. When I first entered the Senate I was one of its youngest Mem- bers; Senator Bankhead one of its oldest. He was one of the Members to whom I was attracted. Of course, I had known of his public services. I felt for him almost the affection of a son for a father. He was my friend; I was his. We did not always agree, but differences of opinion did not lessen my ardent admiration for his fine qualities. He was big of body, big of heart,^big of mind. He was always well poised. He never flew off at a tangent. He did not depend upon the judgment of others when decid- ing what to say or how to vote. He was his own master. In this day and generation there is so little of charity for those who entertain differing opinions that it is sometimes hard to get a just estimate of one's moral or mental make- up. To illustrate, some men affect to believe that anyone who adheres to the firmly established principles of democ- racy is a conservative if not a reactionary. Others do not hesitate to assert that anyone who looks forward to the further development of fundamental principles is a radi- cal. Both are wrong. If I may assume to characterize our late friend, I would say of him that he was progres- sive without being radical and conservative without being reactionary. He was never ready to reject the established principles of our Government simply because they were old, or to accept as true strange doctrines simply because [53] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead they were new. His feet were always on the ground; his head never above the clouds. What a splendid heritage he has left to his family, his friends, his State, and his country. His life of almost four- score years was full of activity and service. He was the last of the distinguished Confederate soldiers to serve in the Senate. He cast his lot with his State during the Civil War, but when the war was over and the States were re- united no one dared question his loyalty to the Stars and Stripes. Thrice was he wounded while in the Confederate service. His people loved to honor him. He represented Marion County in the general assembly of the State during the ses- sions of 1865, 1866, and 1867. He was a member of the State senate in 1876 and 1877. He was elected to the House of Representatives during the Fiftieth Congress and reelected 10 successive times. His service in the United States Senate began in 1907 and continued uninterrupted until the day of his death. During all of this time he was one of the real Congressmen and one of the real Senators who always " the path of duty trod." It is no small com- pliment to be elected by a constituency to the House of Representatives for 10 consecutive times, and then to be transferred to the United States Senate and reelected for three consecutive times. Such honors come to but few men; and no man can receive them who is not indeed worthy. The path to public favor is not a royal road. No man can enter it and maintain himself who bends to every breeze that blows. No matter what our friend's views may have been, whether we agreed with them or not, we had to respect them as the views of the honest public servant. He served his immediate constituency well, but he served the whole country none the less. His services were not sectional, they were Nation wide. [54] Address of Mr. Pomerene, of Ohio He sought to serve his people, but he never surrendered his conscientious convictions. His conclusions were not reached by putting his ear to the ground to ascertain how many votes he would win or lose by a given course; they were the result of investigation and of reflection. Senator Bankhead always had the courage of his con- victions. He thought what he said and said what he thought, and by this manly course won and kept the confi- dence of his constituents and of his fellow citizens, whether North or South, East or West. Others have spoken more in detail of his splendid serv- ices in the Senate. I shall not attempt to repeat them. He was not given to much speaking, but when he did speak it was out of the fullness of his heart, and with his thoughts fully matured. Much of our best legislation is in part his handiwork. His death is a distinct loss to this Chamber, to his State, and to the Nation. Peace to his ashes ! [55] Address of Mr. Dial, of South Carolina Mr. President: On March 1, 1920, John Hollis Bank- head, citizen, soldier, patriot, and friend, and an honored Member of this body, knocked gently upon the door that leads into that mysterious realm beyond, and entered. The soul of Alabama's distinguished son had taken its flight from the mortal highway of life to the celestial high- way leading to " the undiscovered country from whose bourne no traveler returns." Though serving in both Houses of Congress for many years with honor and distinction, it is not of such service that I desire to speak to-day in the time allotted to me as much as it is to recall the inany pleasing incidents that came to my knowledge concerning the life and character of Senator Bankhead and to touch upon a few of the special features which attracted me to him as we together passed along the highway of life. I shall therefore leave the record in Congress, or at least much of it, for others to dwell upon. I may say that his record has been made up and the book of life sealed until eternity. It was in 1893 that I first met the late Senator from Alabama, at which time he was serving as a Member of the House, and it is with great pleasure that I may truthfully say that during all of these years our relations have been pleasant and cordial. I will therefore not attempt to follow the entire con- gressional career of our late colleague, for that would be useless. What he strived for and what he accomplished in both Houses of Congress need but little exploitation at the hands of those who knew him and of his public and private record. [56] Address of Mr. Dial, of South Carolina Born in the South and of the South in all that the word implies, Senator Bankhead, while believing firmly in the principles of the Government of the United States, an- swered the call to arms when his section went to war. He shouldered his musket, a young boy, and marched to the front, ready with the call of the early morning reveille to fight for his beloved Confederacy. And I may say, there was none stronger in his convictions, braver or more courageous or daring in the face of a hostile enemy, or more loyal to the South and all its traditions than he. During the years from 1861 to 1865 he was found always at the front and never in the rear. That was his position on every question that confronted him in life — leading the fight for what he thought was right. I came to this body as a new Member in 1918, but even before this I had found that throughout the whole country there was deep interest in the Bankhead Highway, a mag- nificent roadway that would connect the great city of Washington with the smaller cities and towns of the South and West, as far as San Diego, Calif., the plan of such high- way being the product of the Alabamian's brain. He saw into the future and realized that better roads mean quicker transportation, saving of loss of time in transit, larger loads of various commodities going from one sec- tion to another, and the use of the auto truck to supplant the slow-moving farm horse or mule, meaning, in a word, an enlightened movement in favor of production, trans- portation, and selling problems of farm produce. There is also the greater problem of quicker transportation be- tween town and country home, linking the two in many material ways. Senator Bankhead conceived wisely when he began the great work of planning and seeing the con- struction of this great highway, and in the years to come it will be a monument to his great genius. [57] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead Let me say that when I came to Washington to take my seat as a Member of this body I traveled with my family from my home in South Carolina in an automobile along this very Bankhead Highway, and as I left mile after mile behind me I realized more and more what this great undertaking would mean in the years to come. As a Member on this side of the Senate Chamber with Senator Bankhead and as a fellow member of the Com- mittee on Post Offices, it was my pleasure to coine in fre- quent contact with him and to watch the workings of his head and heart. I saw his work from day to day, and I saw him stand firm always for justice and right. Though of a quiet nature, speaking but seldom on the floor of this Chamber, and then not in the fashion of the forensic ora- tor to catch the plaudits of the listening crowd, but in an earnest, sincere way, he was firm in his convictions when convinced that his proper line of action lay along a certain definite course. I served with Senator Bankhead from the date of my en- trance in this body until the time of his death, and there was none who more genuinely and sincerely felt the great loss at his taking away than I. In all the years that I had the privilege of enjoying the friendship of the Alabama Senator I found him to be a man in every way. Indeed — He was a man, take him for all in all, I shall not look upon his like again. I wish to say a word concerning the South Carolina con- nections of the late Senator. Mrs. Bankhead, his good wife, was a South Carolinian, her maiden name being Brockton, from Spartanburg County, the county next adjoining the one in which I live. She was closely related to many of the best people in that section. Among those of close kinship were the Moores, [58] Address of Mr. Dial, of South Carolina the Andersons, and others — all people of the very best standing in Spartanburg County. They are the pioneers in old Nazareth Presbyterian Church, a landmark for all that is good in religious life in that section of the county. In addition to this the father of the late Senator, James Greer Bankhead, was a native of the old Union, S. C, dis- trict, settling in Alabama in 1818 and residing there until his death in 1861. Mrs. Susan Hollis, mother of the late Senator, was also born in the Darlington district of South Carolina, moving from that section with her parents to Alabama in 1822. These people have always been the leaders in all that is good and true and have led in the religious life and moral upbuilding in that part of South Carolina. I may say that the Moores, the Andersons, the Clevelands, the Barrys, and others of the Nazareth Church section of Spartanburg County are leaving a generation which is in every way maintaining the high standard set by those who have already traveled the roadway of life and now sleep. Mrs. Bankhead was of these. There was also another strong tie linking me to the Alabama Senator and which brought South Carolina and Alabama close together. The Hon. W. H. Perry, for many years a Representative in the House from my State and district, married one of Senator Bankhead's daughters, his father having been governor of South Carolina some years ago. When the earthly work of our late colleague was done I had the honor of being made a member of the Senate party which attended his funeral in the little town of Jas- per, Ala. I well remember the large and sympathetic crowd which had gathered from every part of the State to pay their last respects to their friend and statesman. The torrential rains which occurred at that time caused the funeral to be postponed. This gave me the opportunity of observing the beautiful floral tributes which had been [59] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead brought to the church, and also the church itself, and I may say of the latter that I was surprised that so small a town could have so large and costly a structure, but it was typical of the deep religious sentiment which prevails in that section. These floral offerings attested in the most sympathetic manner the deep affection in which our late colleague was held by all alike. Those who attended the funeral were from every walk, including high State and Federal officials, farmers, business men, and others, all alike testifying by their presence their deep affection for their departed friend. The funeral services were conducted by a lifelong friend of Senator Bankhead — Rev. James T. Morris, of the Methodist Church. Both he and the Senator were Con- federate soldiers, and the venerable pastor spoke most feelingly of the long, cordial, and close relationship which had existed between them. I remember also that about two years ago I was visiting in Montgomery, Ala., and was most hospitably shown over the capitol building in that city by a son-in-law of the late Senator, Mr. Thomas M. Owen, who was the custodian of archives and history, and who held a position of great re- spect, admiration, and honor among his home people. I was greatly interested in the many interesting things he showed me, and I shall always deeply appreciate his courtesy. Since that time I understand he, too, has passed over the river of life, and that his good wife has succeeded him in his work. It will thus be seen that Senator Bank- head in all of his connections and relations stood well to the front in everything that was worth while. In conclusion I wish to say that Senator Bankhead, while holding strongly to his own views and opinions, was broad-minded and tolerant of the opinions of others. He loved peace above everything. He was willing to fight, and did fight when it was necessary, but was a firm be- [60] Address of Mr. Dial, of South Carolina liever in the pursuit of peaceful methods and kindly acts as opposed to open warfare. This kindly and big-hearted friend has left us. He went, " not like the quarry slave, at night, scourged to his dungeon, but, sustained and soothed by an unfalter- ing trust, approached his grave like one who wraps the drapery of his couch about him and lies down to pleasant dreams." And here I wish to say that just as our late friend and colleague planned a mortal highway — a highway upon which human feet might tread — there was likewise planned for him another highway over which he has now passed into that everlasting spirit world of the unknow- able beyond. After a life full of good works, a life full of love and kindness for family and friends, of justice and equity to his fellow man, and a divine reverence for God, tired with the burdens of life, but still ready to carry his burdens, God touched him and he slept. Finally, we are reminded that — The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power, And all that beauty, all that wealth e'er gave, Await alike the inevitable hour — The paths of glory lead but to the grave. [61] Address of Mr. McKellar, of Tennessee Mr. President: Senator Bankhead and I were warm friends for more than 30 years — ever since I was a boy. I was in college with two of his sons and learned to know him well then, and he always treated me as if I was one of his boys, and frequently spoke of me in that affec- tionate way. When I came to the House he was one of the first to congratulate me, and was my friend and ad- viser while there. Later on, when I became a candidate for the Senate, in many ways he again demonstrated his friendship for me. After I was elected to this body he requested that I serve on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads, of which he was chairman, and through- out the long years of our friendship, many of thepi close and intimate, I do not recall that there was ever a dif- ference between us. He was at all times a safe adviser, and I turned to him often. As a friend he never hesi- tated or halted. He was ever ready to stand up four square. My association with him I shall never forget. His many acts of kindness toward me will ever live in my memory. It is a pity that a man like he was should have to die. He was the salt of the earth. One of the most beautiful attributes of his character was shown in his home life. I do not know that I ever knew a man who adored his family as did Senator Bankhead. His high-minded and delightful wife, his attractive daughters, his splendid boys, and his lovely grandchildren, each and every one of them were objects of almost his worship, and they adored him in the same way. It was an inspiration to visit in his home. His pride, while always modestly expressed, about his boys, all of whom have been wonderfully successful, literally [62] Address of Mr. McKellar, of Tennessee knew no bounds. I never knew a happier family. I never knew a finer father, liusband, or friend. In the War between the States, Senator Bankhead entered into tlie Confederate service as a boy, and took an honorable, a courageous, and a conspicuous part, and came out a captain. When the war was over he accepted defeat like the man he was and gave unlimited allegiance and devotion to the flag of our common country. He never wavered in that devotion. He was at all times the highest and best type of the American citizen. He was patriotic to the highest limit, but always without show or parade. In politics. Senator Bankhead was almost without ex- ception successful. He was successful because he de- served success. He was successful because he was a fighter. He was successful because he was a man of the highest principles, because there was nothing little or mean about him. He was a man of big body, big heart, big brain, and big soul. In his earlier days especially he was a campaigner of great ability. He was an excel- lent speaker and most diplomatic and engaging. He at all times had a wonderfully pleasing personality that at once drew men toward him. He knew human nature as did few men. I recall an incident in one of his cam- paigns for Congress. In one of the counties of his dis- trict lived a very excellent and well-to-do farmer who was quite powerful in politics. For some reason this farmer was very much opposed to the nomination of Mr. Bankhead, and Mr. Bankhead tried in every way he could to reach him, but without effect. One hot day in June he was riding by this farmer's home, and he saw the farmer plowing out in the field, so he got out of his buggy and went to the end of the row and waited for the farmer to get back. When he did so Mr. Bankhead told him he wanted to talk to him about politics. The [63] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead old farmer was testy and said he did not want to hear anything about politics. He said he did not have time to talk, that he wanted to plow that cotton. Mr. Bankhead said, " Hand me that plow." He took the plow and the reins, turned the mule around and started to sweep up the cotton, saying to the old farmer, " Now, you walk along the middle of the row with me and let me explain this matter to you, while I plow." The farmer walked with him about two rows and said, "All right, any poli- tician that can plow cotton like you can have my vote," and he voted for and supported him as long as he lived. This is but illustrative of his fixedness of purpose and his knowledge of human nature, as well as savoir faire under any and all circumstances. So far as I know the only time he was ever defeated in any political contest was when he was defeated for Congress in 1906, after 20 years of splendid service in the House. Later on in the same year he was nominated as an alternate Senator from Alabama, and in June, 1907, Senator Morgan having died, was appointed Senator by reason of his majority vote in the primary for alternate Senator, so that his defeat for the House resulted hap- pily in his coming to the Senate. This method of select- ing Senators was quite unusual, and the only time I have ever known of its being emploj^ed. The facts were that Senators Morgan and Pettus, of Alabama, were very old men, and the State Democratic executive committee con- cluded that as either one of these Senators might sud- denly die, it would be wise to let the people in a primary select their successors while they were yet alive. An interesting thing happened between Senator Bank- head and myself in reference to this race for alternate Senator. In the spring of 1906 I was passing through Bir- mingham on my way to attend the commencement exer- cises of the University of Alabama. I happened to meet [64] Address of Mr. McKellar, of Tennessee Senator Bankhead at the Morris Hotel. Only a short time before he had been defeated for Congress. I had read in the newspapers about the primary for alternate Senators, and I urged Senator Bankhead to make the race. He ex- pressed great doubt about his ability to win. He seemed to think that because he had been defeated for Congress he did not have much show for an alternate senatorship. I told him that I believed the fact that he had been de- feated, taken in connection with his record in Congress, would make the people of Alabama feel all the more kindly toward him. He went on down to the university commencement with me and while there held a meeting of his friends and announced his candidacy and won by a majority over all. He often afterwards told me that I had decided him to run. If so, I did the country a great service, as the Government never had a better or a more faithful or a more intelligent public servant. Counting his service in both Houses Senator Bankhead was in Congress more than 32 years. His record in both Houses was one of great service to his State and to the Nation. He did more for the waterways of Alabama and those of the rest of the country, perhaps, than any other man. It was his service on the Rivers and Harbors Com- mittee that gave him his first national fame. His work on water-power legislation added to that fame. In the Sen- ate his great work was on the passage of laws giving Fed- eral aid to road building. As chairman of the Post Ofiices and Post Roads Committee, he did more than any other one man to bring about the passage of the laws that we now have on the statute books by which the National Gov- ernment is cooperating with the various States to build up a splendid system of roads throughout the country. One of these great highways bears his name. As chair- man of the Post Office Committee, he was always fair and just, a stickler for the rights of the Government, and yet 46667—21 5 [65] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead always liberal, and even generous, to the employees in the service. He took great pride in the Postal Service, and its remarkable growth in the last few years was in a great measure due to his careful supervision as chairman of the Post Office Committee and to the excellent legislation that he fathered. Mr. President, we all, I am sure, recalled with the keen- est pleasure his many delightful personal and social qualities. He had few enemies, none in this body, I be- lieve. His friends were legion. He was courteous and fair and just to all, a man of great poise of character, with high ideals, honorable ambitions, fixed purposes, and as kind a heart as ever beat in a human being. He was an honor to his State and the Nation. In his life I honored and respected him, esteemed and loved him. In his death I felt, and still feel, the keenest sense of personal loss. His kindliness, his gentleness, his patient consideration of the rights and views of others, his rare and delightful per- sonality, his genial disposition, his honest and straight- forward ways, all endeared him to me and I believe to every Member of this body. [66] Address of Mr. Heflin, of Alabama Mr. President : The touching and tender words of com- mendation and praise by those who have served long with him in this body constitute the best proof of Senator Bank- head's high standing and popularity with his colleagues. My colleague, Senator Underwood, in his splendid speech has presented the important facts and events in the public career of Senator Bankhead, and I shall not undertake to repeat or discuss them in detail. Every man who conquers his surroundings and rises su- perior to the forces that oppose him is not only a helpful example to the struggling youths of the country, but he is entitled to a prominent place on the scroll of those who achieve success, for after all only those who merit success should have their names listed in the catalogue of the great. Circumstances and peculiar conditions seem at times to thrust some men into the forefront of financial success or political prominence and power, and it fre- quently happens that we are unable to understand just why such a one was so favored by fortune. But, Mr. President, the man whose memory we honor to-day does not belong to that class. In the field of stubborn conflict he earned every honor that came to him. He was in the true meaning of the term " a self-made man." I have always felt that that term was intended to tell the story of one who had known hard- ships and privations — one who had battled with adverse conditions and in spite of them had achieved success. Senator Bankhead as a boy was one of these. In 1860 when the War between the States arrayed the people of the North and the people of the South on opposing sides John Hollis Bankhead took his place as a private in the [67] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead ranks of the Confederate Army. He was three times wounded in battle. He participated in the settlement of the gravest and most momentous question that ever affected the national life of the country. In that conflict the indisputable status of the Union was finally and for- ever fixed. He lived to see the mingled blood of brothers North and South cement the sections in the bonds of an everlasting union. When the war was over he, like all of his surviving comrades, accepted in good faith the settle- ment of the sword, and from that time on to the day of his death he contributed to the upbuilding, advancement, and perpetuity of the American Union. At the end of the war he returned to his State and devoted himself bravely to the task of aiding and encouraging his people in restor- ing stable government under control of the white men of Alabama. Mr. President, Senator Bankhead believed in the gospel of work and was himself an indefatigable worker. He entered the field of politics when a very young man. He was well trained for service in the Senate of the United States when selected by the people of Alabama to repre- sent them in this body. He had served in both branches of the Alabama Legislature and before his election to a seat in this Chamber had been honored and in return had honored his constituents with 20 years of faithful service in the lower House of Congress. In his long journey up the road of years he was in a hand's reach of the seventy- ninth milepost when the death angel called him away. It must have been comforting to him to feel as he was passing off the stage of action that the record he had left behind was one of valuable service to his country. In view of what has been said by those who have pre- ceded me, I shall refer to only two great measures with which he was so intimately and signally associated. He was the prime mover in the matter of arousing the Ameri- [68] Address of Mr. Heflin, of Alabama can people to the importance and necessity of entering upon a program of general road building in the United States, and he richly deserved the title of " father of the good-roads plan of America." Mr. President, his achievement in opening the Warrior River to navigation and his constructive work on rivers and harbors in the State have linked his name for all time with waterway improvement in Alabama. His great achievements were due to his untiring energy, his great ability, and large experience, acquired through more than 30 years of legislative activities in the two branches of Congress. Mr. President, Senator Bankhead left behind him a record of constructive work and practical achievement rarely equaled by any public servant of his day. All in all he was a remarkable character and had become an important and powerful factor in the affairs of his State and Nation. When the sad news of his death reached the people of Alabama there was sadness in every household, and when the beautiful casket that bore his mortal remains back to his home in Alabama arrived at Jasper people from all over the State had already assembled there to pay to him they esteemed so highly the tribute of their love. The floral offerings, which were exquisitely beauti- ful, of large variety, and in great abundance, were tender tokens and testimonials of a fond people's sorrow and love. Mr. President, Senator Bankhead was a Christian pa- triot and he was a wise and useful statesman. He was a tender and devoted husband, a fond and affectionate father. When he succeeded Senator Morgan in this body, in speaking of the deceased Senator's home life he gave a splendid description of himself when he said : " Senator Morgan's affectionate solicitude for the happiness of his household was beautiful in its tenderness." [69] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead Mr. President, his devoted, bright, cheerful, and lovely wife was the queen of his heart and home. She was the inspiriting power and good angel that supported him through all the trials and vicissitudes of his long and use- ful career. In the death of Senator Bankhead Alabama has lost one of her most distinguished and best-beloved citizens and the State and Nation have lost a big, brave, able, and faithful representative in the Senate of the United States. The Vice President. Without objection, the resolutions submitted by the senior Senator from Alabama [Mr. Un- derwood] at the beginning of these exercises are unani- mously adopted. Mr. Heflin. Mr. President, as a further mark of respect to the memory of the deceased Senator, I move that the Senate do now adjourn. The motion was unanimously agreed to; and (at 2 o'clock and 30 minutes p. m.) the Senate adjourned until to-morrow, Friday, December 10, 1920, at 12 o'clock meridian. [70] PROCEEDINGS IN THE HOUSE Monday, March 1, 1920. Mr. Heflin. Mr. Speaker, it becomes my sad duty to an- nounce to the House the death of Hon. John H. Bankhead, the senior Senator from Alabama. At a future day I shall ask the House to set apart a day for the purpose of paying tribute to the life and public service of Senator Bankhead. I move the adoption of the resolutions which I send to the Clerk's desk. The Clerk read as follows : Resolved, That the House has heard with profound sorrow of the death of Hon. John Hollis Bankhead, a Senator of the United States from the State of Alabama. Resolved, That the Clerk communicate these resolutions to the Senate and transmit a copy thereof to the family of the deceased Senator. Resolved, That a committee of 18 Members be appointed on the part of the House to join the committee appointed on the part of the Senate to attend the funeral. Resolved, That as a further mark of respect the House do now adjourn. The resolutions were agreed to. Accordingly (at 3 o'clock and 43 minutes p. m.) the House adjourned until to-morrow, Tuesday, March 2, 1920, at 12 o'clock noon. Tuesday, March 2, 1920. The House met at 12 o'clock noon. The Chaplain, Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D., offered the following prayer : Our Father in heaven, we thank Thee for the gift of life with its precious hopes and promises; the old world in [71] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead which Thou hast placed us, as sojourners, with its splen- did opportunities to develop all that is best in us; the sun which shines by day; the stars which shine by night; the change of seasons, seedtime and harvest; its fertile soil which yields abundantly to the husbandmen; its rich deposits which meet all the necessities of life; home with its joys, society, government, educational institutions, churches, and philanthropic organizations. The tenure of this life is brief and we are called upon to work while it is yet day, for the night cometh when no man can work. Death has once more entered the congressional family and taken away the veteran Member of the upper House. Comfort his family, numerous friends, in Thine own way, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. The Speaker appointed the following committee to at- tend the funeral of the late Senator Bankhead : Mr. Heflin, Mr. Dent, Mr. Blackmon, Mr. Almon, Mr. Oliver, Mr. Bankhead, Mr. Huddleston, Mr. Steagall, Mr. McDuffie, Mr. Rainey of Alabama, Mr. Mann of Illinois, Mr. Towner, Mr. Steenerson, Mr. Moon, Mr. Humphreys, Mr. McClintic, Mr. Candler, and Mr. Wingo. A message from the Senate, by Mr. Crockett, one of its clerks, announced that the Senate had passed the following resolution: Senate resolution 316 Resolved, That the Senate has heard with deep regret and pro- found sorrow the announcement of the death of the Hon. John Mollis Bankhead, late a Senator from the State of Alabama. Resolved, That a committee of nine Senators be appointed by the President pro tempore of the Senate to take order for super- intending the funeral of the late Senator. Resolved, That as a further mark of respect the remains of the dead Senator be removed from Washington to Jasper, Ala., for burial in charge of the Sergeant at Arms, attended by the com- [72] Proceedings in the House mittee, who shall have full power to carry these resolutions into effect. Resolved, That the Secretary communicate these resolutions to the House of Representatives. Resolved, That as a further mark of respect to the memory of the deceased the Senate do now adjourn. And in compliance of the foregoing resolution the Vice President had appointed Mr. Underwood, Mr. Nelson, Mr. Pomerene, Mr. Townsend, Mr. McKellar, Mr. Fernald, Mr. Ashurst, Mr. Ball, and Mr. Harrison as the committee on the part of the Senate. Friday, December 10, 1920. The committee informally rose; and Mr. Kelly of Penn- sylvania having taken the chair as Speaker pro tempore, a message from the Senate, by Mr. Crockett, one of its clerks, announced that the Senate had passed the follow- ing resolution: Senate resolution 396 Resolved, That the Senate expresses its profound sorrow in the death of the Hon. John Hollis Bankhead, late a Senator from the State of Alabama. Resolved, That as a mark of respect to the memory of the de- ceased the business of the Senate be now suspended to enable his associates to pay proper tribute to his high character and distin- guished public service. Resolved, That the Secretary communicate these resolutions to the House of Representatives and transmit a copy thereof to the family of the deceased. Resolved, That as a further mark of respect to the memory of the deceased the Senate do now adjourn. [73] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead Monday, January 10, 1921. Mr. Dent. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent for the present consideration of the following order. The Speaker. The gentleman from Alabama asks unani- mous consent for the present consideration of a resolution, which the Clerk will report. The Clerk read as follows : Ordered, That Sunday, the 30th day of January, 1921, at 12 o'clock noon, be set apart for addresses on the life, character, and public services of Hon. John H. Bankhead, late a Representative and Senator from the State of Alabama. The Speaker. Is there objection to the present consider- ation of the order? There was no objection. The Speaker. The question is on agreeing to the order. The order was agreed to. Saturday, January 29, 1921. The Speaker. To-morrow the House meets for memorial exercises for the late Senator Bankhead and the Chair would like to designate the gentleman from Alabama, Mr. Blackmon, to preside. Sunday, January 30, 1921. The House met at 12 o'clock noon and was called to order by Mr. Blackmon as Speaker pro tempore. Rev. William Couden, of Concord, Mich., offered the following prayer: Almighty God, we thank Thee for the revelation through Christ's gospel that enables our souls when prostrate to look up into Thy face beyond all shadows and to call Thee " Our Father." This morning we assemble out of rever- [74] Proceedings in the House ence for a good man who has passed from us to return no more. We are glad to remember his personal charm and integrity, his rich mentality, and his public loyalty in the service of his town, his county, his State, and his Nation, both as Representative and Senator. Though he will be missed here, we feel that to him can be applied the words that were spoken of ex-President Benjamin Harrison: Great lives do not go out; they go on. Bless, we pray Thee, the great and holy matters in which this man was interested; the welfare of our country, the spread of justice, and the establishment of truth and love. Encourage those who were his colleagues in promoting every good cause. Especially, we beseech Thee, to pour out Thy merciful and gracious healing upon the group of his near friends and kinsfolk. Breathe Thy spirit of comfort upon his very dearest, the members of his family whose hearts are burdened with the heavy load of missing daily his inti- mate presence. May they find to hand all those Christian powers that enable Thy children to sorrow, not as those who are without hope in Jesus. And, finally, through the Redeemer's triumph, bring us all with sins forgiven and in perfect peace to our heavenly home. Amen. The Speaker pro tempore. The Clerk will report the special order. The Clerk read as follows : On motion of Mr. Dent, by unanimous consent, Ordered, That Sunday, January, 30, 1921, at 12 o'clock noon, be set apart for addresses on the life, character, and public services of Hon. John H. Bankhead, late a Senator from the State of Alabama. Mr. Dent. Mr. Speaker, I offer the following resolution. The Speaker pro tempore. The Clerk will report the resolution. [75] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead The Clerk read as follows: House resolution 658 Resolved, That the business of the House be now suspended, that opportunity may be given for tributes to the memory of Hon. John HoLLis Bankhead, late a Senator from the State of Alabama. Resolved, That as a particular mark of respect to the memory of the deceased, and in recognition of his distinguished public ca- reer, the House, at the conclusion of these exercises, shall stand adjourned. Resolved, That the Clerk communicate these resolutions to the Senate. Resolved, That the Clerk send a copy of these resolutions to the family of the deceased. The resolution was agreed to. 76 MEMORIAL ADDRESSES Address of Mr. Dent, of Alabama Mr. Speaker: The late Senator John H. Bankhead, of Alabama, was for 20 years a Member of this body before going to the Senate 13 years ago. His long, conspicuous, and honorable service here makes it indeed appropriate that this time should be set apart to pay tribute to his memory. The Senate, of which body he was a Member at the time of his death, has already memorialized his life and character. His former colleagues there, par- ticularly the senior Senator from his own State, have given in detail the long public service which he rendered to his native State. It would be useless for me to now repeat the details. Suffice it to say that his record as a Confederate soldier, his service in both branches of the Alabama Legislature, and his career as a Representative from that State in both Houses of Congress speak for themselves. It is seldom given to any man to have such a long, useful, and almost unbroken career in public life, and I am sure no man filled the trusts committed to him with greater faithfulness or more signal ability. Senator Bankhead was indeed a remarkable man. In every undertaking he was accurate, painstaking, and thorough. Though not a lawyer by profession, I heard him make a most splendid legal argument in the Senate relative to the amendment providing for the direct elec- tion of Senators when the governor of Alabama made an appointment to fill a vacancy in the Senate from that State. He had a clear and a broad vision, observing the possi- bilities for the development of his State and the country [77] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead at large as few men have been given the faculty to foresee. Unquestionably he was one of the wisest counsellors it has been my privilege to know. When I came to Con- gress about 12 years ago I acquired his friendship and often sought his advice. I do not recall that in a single instance his judgment was in error. I speak from the heart when I say in his death I lost a real friend. He was a practical statesman. He did much for Ala- bama, as much, I may say, without making objectionable comparisons, as any man who ever represented her in the Halls of Congress, and his memory will be forever enshrined in the hearts of a grateful people whom he served so faithfully and so well. [78] Address of Mr. Madden, of Illinois Mr. Speaker : We do not come here to-day to mourn the death of Senator Bankhead, for it is just as natural to die as it is to live. We come to pay tribute to his memory, and to his work and his life. I had the privilege of serving in this House with Sena- tor Bankhead before he went to the Senate. I served with him on the Rivers and Harbors Committee and in other activities. After he left the House it was my privilege to serve with him on conferences between the House and the Senate. It was also my privilege to serve with him as a member of the joint commission on postal salaries. In my judgment Senator Bankhead was one of the plainest of the good, common, every-day citizens of this Nation. He never assumed that public place gave him superior rights. He realized that he was one of the people, and he never lost sight of the fact that the people of the Nation are the rulers of the Nation. He lived a life of pa- triotism. His patriotism was intense, as tender as the af- fection of son for mother, as strong as the pillars of death. He shrank from no sacrifice, and sought no reward except his country's triumph. During the Civil War he fought on the Confederate side with his own people. That he was a brave soldier the records of his service prove. At the close of the war he came into the Union with a firm determination to be for America, to know no north and no south, no east and no west. No man ever served in the Congress of the United States with more fidelity or a greater determination to do the thing that was best for the people than John Hollis Bank- head. It was a privilege to know him, to serve with him. No one could do either without loving him. No one could [79] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead watch him in the performance of his duty without realiz- ing that he had but one object, and that object the public weal. He was a wonderful character. Plain, simple, di- rect. He was industrious, energetic, forceful, and always attentive to his duties. He was foremost in advocacy of Federal cooperation in road building, and conspicuous as the result of his work is the name of the Bankhead Highway, reaching from ocean to ocean. He was never ending in his determination to see that his State stood foremost among the States of the Union. But he was for America above all else. He be- lieved that we should do our work in such a way as to make the word "America " mean more than it ever meant before. He has left on the record of American history a work that will live. He believed that the American flag should be respected in every land and on every sea. He conducted himself in such a way that it was easy to co- operate with him. He was strong in his determination to do what he believed to be right. He would not yield un- less the facts justified it. He decided questions upon facts, not upon fancy. He was able to distinguish between so- called public opinion produced by propaganda, and public opinion which was real. He was never swayed in his ac- tions by propaganda, but no man was more responsive to real public opinion than was John Hollis Bankhead. He stood foursquare before every wind that blew. He never trimmed sail to meet the passing breeze. He be- lieved in the wisdom of the people. He knew that in the long run they would understand and reach right conclu- sions. He acted on the theory that the best interests of the country would be served by a study of the facts and not in action that for the moment might gain popular favor. He qualified himself by research to decide im- portant questions. Once in possession of all the facts he never equivocated, he acted. [80] Address of Mr. Madden, of Illinois It is a great privilege to be here to-day and to express the opinions which I have formed of this good man as the result of my contact with him. I know of no man with whom I have ever served that was more worthy of trust, no man whose life will live in the acts of other men more than that of Mr. Bankhead. His life was worthy of emu- lation. He has passed away from the scenes of activity here, but his work will live on. No day passes that I do not think of things that he has done, that I do not have called to my attention his strong personality. Of all the men with whom I have served in conference Senator Bankhead was the one man who could be relied upon to be just; always insistent on the rights of the State that honored him with membership in the House and the Senate, he nevertheless never forgot that other States had rights, and while he may not always have been willing to yield without considerable argument he fully realized the rights of others. He recognized that it was only as the result of full, fair, and deliberate conference that results finally shaped into legislation were so shaped because of the concessions made by those who had opin- ions on either side. He realized, more than any man I ever saw, that legislation in its final analysis was the result of compromise. He realized that legislation enacted on the opinions of those from any given section would not be enforceable, and that no legislation could become effective as the law of the land unless it met with almost universal approval, and that could only be reached by a system of compromise. He loved the people of his State as no other man I ever knew. He loved the people of his Nation. He accepted the verdict at the close of the Civil War without reservation, and coming into the councils of the Nation in the House shortly after that, finally entering the Senate, he made a record of loyalty and devotion and unselfishness as an 46667—21 6 [81] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead American tried and true, of which every man, woman, and child in America should be proud. He was an Ameri- can in the best sense, a simple, straightforward, unassum- ing, courageous, honest man with an integrity of purpose never questioned anywhere; brilliant, indefatigable in effort for his people, for his State, and for the Nation. He exemplified his loyalty and devotion and personal sacrifice in the enthusiasm with which he supported every measure for the fulfillment of America's obligations during the Great War in which this country was engaged with Ger- many. Foremost in every movement that meant for American supremacy, that meant the preservation of American institutions, and the perpetuation of constitu- tional rights, John H. Bankhead made a record of which his friends have reason to be proud. We will miss him, we have missed him, but we are proud that he lived, proud that he lived to such a good old age, proud that he was an American, proud of his achieve- ments, proud of his sacrifices, proud that he was a simple, plain American, whom public office could not change into the attitude of autocracy. We rejoice that God gave him birth, that he was per- mitted to serve his country, that he devoted himself to the improvement of the human race. His life and his work have made the Nation better, friends dearer, home brighter. He loved the common man, his life was devoted to the improvement of conditions under which he lived. He was proud to have lived in a land where every citizen is a sovereign. He was in every sense a public servant who justified the people's confidence. [82] Address of Mr. Bell, of Georgia Mr. Speaker: Permit me as a friend and admirer of Senator Bankhead to add my tribute of respect and ad- miration to his memory. Having served with him in the Fifty-ninth Congress in the House of Representatives, and during the last days of his life having been associated with him as a member of the Joint Postal Commission, of which he was chair- man, I was enabled to have a personal knowledge of his splendid character and fine ability, and felt myself hon- ored to be classed among his friends. His passing away was a distinct loss not only to his immediate section, and the South, but to the Nation at large. He was signally interested in any work or project that looked to the de- velopment of the country he loved so well and for the benefit of his fellow man, his work for good roads in this connection being conspicuous. In recognition of a system of highways which, under the leadership of Sen- ator Bankhead, was initiated in the legislation he spon- sored. Congress has authorized the erection of a suit- able monument marking the point from which in future all national highways from Washington will radiate. This monument is gradually to be completed according to designs already approved by the Fine Arts Commis- sion; is to be located immediately south of the White House on the northern line of the Ellipse, inscriptions denoting it as the starting point of two transcontinental motor convoys from Washington to San Francisco, one on June 7, 1919, over the Lincoln Highway, and the other on June 14, 1920, over the Bankhead National Highway through the Southern States, the home city of Senator Bankhead, Jasper, Ala., through Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona to San Francisco. [83] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead This work for good roads and his many other activities was in keeping with the nature of the man, constantly striving to accomplish something which would be of lasting good to his fellow man. The National Highway and the monument to be erected is a fitting memorial to his life — " Something attempted, something done, has earned a night's repose." I feel sure that the pomp and glory of this world did not appeal to him as would that simple encomium — " Earned a night's repose !'* To Senator Bankhead political virtue meant more than merely keeping faith with his party; to him it meant action, ceaseless work to bring to his fellow man the realization of good government. Public office meant only to him the avenue by which he could serve his fellow man. He was in truth a great commoner. No one was too lowly to receive his aid. Indeed, he felt that they were the ones who needed encouragement and sympathy. When I came to Washington in 1904 one of the first Members of Congress outside of my home State I met was Senator Bankhead. We became good friends, and that friendship lasted to the day of his death. I often consulted him about important measures which were to be voted upon by Congress, and his advice was always good and his judgment sound. He was never too busy to confer with me about any matter which seemed to him important to me. I learned to lean upon him almost as though he were my father, and he always appeared grati- fied when I profited by his kindly advice. He was a very remarkable man; indeed, a very unusual man. He was firm but gentle. He was independent in thought, yet he never spurned the counsel of his friends. He was always to be found on the side of justice and right. He would not quibble over unimportant matters, but always looked for something worth while and that which he believed important to his country and his fellow man. [84] Address of Mr. Bell, of Georgia In his conclusions he was as steadfast and firm as the "Rock of Gibraltar." I had the privilege and pleasure of serving with him on two important joint commissions of the House and Senate, and I always found him reliable in word and deed. I served on many conference committees with him, and he was always fair and impartial with his coworkers. He was always ready to meet his antagonist without fear, yet at the same time ready and willing to compromise if, in- deed, he found himself in error or when the interest of a majority of the people he represented was involved. He was a great man. Great because he was good, as no man can be truly great without being good. I have been told of the great love and affection he had for his family, his wife, his children, and his grand- children, and this within itself shows the great soul which possessed our departed friend. I did not know until the spring of 1920 that his popu- larity extended from coast to coast. While attending a meeting of the Joint Postal Commission in Kansas City the mere mention of his name, although he was not present, provoked a storm of applause. In thinking of Senator Bankhead's love for his fellow man; of the spirit of brotherhood that dominated his life and left its impress upon the hearts and lives of those with whom he came in contact, I am reminded of the words of the poem — There are hermit souls that live withdrawn In the place of their self-content; There are souls like stars, that dwell apart, In a fellowless firmament; There are pioneer souls that blaze their paths Where highways never ran — But let me live by the side of the road And be a friend to man. [85] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead Let me live in a house by the side of the road Where the race of men go by — The men who are good and the men who are bad, As good and as bad as I. I would not sit in the scorner's seat Or hurl the cynic's ban — Let me live in a house by the side of the road And be a friend to man. I see from my house by the side of the road, By the side of the highway of life. The men who press with the ardor of hope, The men who are faint with the strife; But I turn not away from their smiles nor their tears. Both parts of an infinite plan — Let me live in a house by the side of the road And be a friend to man. I know there are brook-gladdened meadows ahead. And mountains of wearisome height; That the road passes on through the long afternoon And stretches away to the night; And still I rejoice when the travelers rejoice. And weep with the strangers that moan, Nor live in my house by the side of the road Like a man who dwells alone. Let me live in my house by the side of the road, It's here the race of men go by — They are good, they are bad, they are weak, they are strong. Wise, foolish — so am I. Then why should I sit in the scorner's seat. Or hurl the cynic's ban? Let me live in my house by the side of the road And be a friend to man. [86] Address of Mr. Greene, of Massachusetts Mr. Speaker: The record shows that the late Senator Bankhead was a Member of the Fiftieth Congress and he continuously served as a Member of the Sixtieth Congress. He was appointed to the Inland Waterway Commission in 1907, and served with marked ability on that important commission, and was appointed to succeed the late Sena- tor John T. Morgan in June, 1907. He had a majority over all candidates for his selection as the candidate to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy occurring by reason of the death of the late Senator Morgan. It was my privilege to be elected a Member of the Fifty-fifth Con- gress to fill a vacancy caused by the death of my prede- cessor. It was there that I made the acquaintance of the late Senator John Hollis Bankhead, whose memory we com- memorate to-day. I found him a congenial and experi- enced legislator, and we remained firm personal friends during his membership of the House of Representatives. The people of the State of Alabama appreciated his public services, and they called him from his post of honor as a member of the Inland Waterway Commission to which he had been appointed to the greater distinction of becoming a Member of the United States Senate. There I met him frequently. Senator Bankhead was about 17 months younger than myself. Senator Page of Vermont conceived the idea a few years ago of inviting the Members of the United States Senate and House of Representatives who had passed the age of 70 years to join him in a luncheon on the anniversary of the birth of Hon. Joseph G. Cannon, former Speaker of the [87] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead House of Representatives, on June 7, and he will be 85 years of age on June 7, 1921. The late Senator Bankhead was one of the group who joined in these festivities, which became a great pleasure to all who participated as the years passed by. During my entire membership of the House of Repre- sentatives I have retained my membership of the Com- mittee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries, and I have felt very much gratified that Hon. William B. Bankhead, a son of the late Senator Bankhead, was assigned to that committee as a member, and thus the tie of friendship to the family of the late Senator has become very much en- deared and strengthened by my association with his dis- tinguished son and faithful public servant. I wish to thank the Alabama delegation for inviting me to pay my memorial tribute to the late Senator Bankhead. He had a long and useful life, serving his State with distinction and ability, and had the further distinguished honor of long service in the House of Representatives and the United States Senate. [88] Address of Mr. Almon, of Alabama Mr. Speaker: While I consider it an honor to pay my tribute to the high character and great achievements of Senator Bankhead, I at the same time realize that I am altogether unable to express in words a fitting tribute to his memory. Such a career as his, so long, so full of accomplishments, it is impossible to even touch upon in detail in the limited time which either of us can to-day properly occupy, and I shall not attempt to do so. When I began to take an interest in public affairs Sena- tor Bankhead was one of the leaders in Alabama. I have campaigned with him, and we have often spoken from the same platform. We became very warm and close friends, and his death grieved me very greatly. I often went to him for counsel and advice, and always found him a safe and wise counselor. I had the honor as a member of the Alabama Legislature to place him in nomination for his first full term in the United States Senate. The surroundings of one's youth have a great influence upon the habits and characteristics of life. Senator Bank- head was raised in the rural district of north Alabama. He came of a hardy race of pioneers of Scotch-Irish de- scent. Gifted with a powerful physique, his was a com- manding figure with a mental equipment to match, although his educational advantages were very limited. For almost a half century the people of Alabama hon- ored him with their love and confidence by electing him to State and Federal offices. For 35 years in the two Houses of Congress he stood out in bold relief as a national figure, a leader in all that made for the welfare and good of his country and his fellow man. [893 Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead For 20 years he occupied a prominent and leading position in this House and for 15 years in the Senate — loved and respected by his colleagues in each body. Never once have I heard his personal integrity questioned. Alabama has furnished men of renown in the affairs of the Nation, but none more beloved by her people than John Hollis Bankhead. In the United States Senate as the successor of John T. Morgan he fulfilled the highest expectations of his friends and his State. He maintained his position on a par with that of his most illustrious predecessors. The service of Senator Bankhead in the House and the Senate is a record of devotion to duty to his State and his Nation. It was faithful, able, and extremely useful. At the very beginning of the Civil War John Hollis Bankhead, then a mere youth, enlisted as a private in Company K, Sixteenth Alabama Regiment, Infantry Volun- teers, and was in the thick of the conflict to the end. On account of his splendid record as a soldier he was pro- moted to a lieutenancy and afterwards to a captaincy. He was wounded while leading the Sixteenth Alabama Regiment in the charge at Chickamauga. He was loved, honored, and respected by his comrades in arms. He was the last Confederate soldier to serve in the United States Senate. Our much beloved and honored colleague, Maj. Charles M. Stedman, of North Carolina, who cele- brated his eightieth birthday on yesterday, is the only one remaining in the House. The subjects which received Senator Bankhead's special attention were development of water power and transpor- tation, especially river and harbor improvement, and national aid to roads. He was one of the first men in pub- lic life to fully realize the advantage of the development of our water powers. He took a leading part in all the dis- cussions of this subject for many years, which resulted in [90] Address of Mr. Almon, of Alabama the enactment of our recent water power law. He de- voted years of time and labor to the development of the great water power at Muscle Shoals on the Tennessee River, near my home, and in this district, which I have the honor to represent in this House, and the construction of the great Government air nitrogen plant at that place. He lived to see the nitrate plant, the greatest in the world, completed and to see the great water-power dam in rapid process of construction by the Government. It was largely through his efforts that the Warrior River in Alabama was made navigable from the iron and coal fields of Bir- mingham district to Mobile Bay. He also rendered most valuable service in the improvement of Mobile Harbor. In his first race for the United States Senate his platform was national aid to roads. His speeches were confined almost entirely to that subject. Some derided and scoffed at his position on this subject. Some said it was uncon- stitutional. Others that the Federal Government would never enter the business of aiding the States in building roads. But Senator Bankhead went on, and not only was elected but soon afterwards secured an appropriation for experimentation and demonstration. This materially aided in the creation of public sentiment which resulted in an appropriation by Congress in 1916 of $75,000,000 and in 1919 of $200,000,000 to aid the States and counties in the building of roads. Senator Bankhead was the author of both of these appropriations. Federal aid to roads is now a fixed policy of the Government. The Com- mittee on Roads of the House, of which I have the honor to be a member, only yesterday unanimously reported a bill authorizing the appropriation of $100,000,000 for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1921. All of this is very largely the fruits of Senator Bankhead's able and effective services. Through all his years of public service he urged the ad- vantages of good roads, and was often referred to as the [91] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead ** Father of Good Roads." It was indeed appropriate that the Bankhead Highway from Washington, D. C, to San Diego, Calif., should bear his name. It is but a just recog- nition of his great work for better roads in the Nation he served so well and faithfully. A sketch of the life work of Senator Bankhead would not be complete without some reference to his personal and home life. He was always a loyal friend. His was a helpful, hopeful life. At all times sympathetic and kind. He was free from affectation, a good citizen and neighbor, and an earnest worker for the upbuilding of his church, his town, his State, and his country. But above all of these, he possessed those still nobler qualities as a family man, a faithful, tender, and devoted husband and father. He was married November 13, 1866, at Wetumka, Ala., to Miss Tallulah Brockman, who still survives him. She was a native of South Carolina, but reared in Alabama. A woman of culture, refinement, and great strength of character. Like many men in public life, called upon to face perplexities and difficulties, he was strengthened by the moral support and sympathy of the wife at home. Her high ideal of what his life and public service should be was a constant inspiration to him. Their surviving children are Louise, the wife of A. G. Lund; Marie, the wife of the late Thomas M. Owen; John H. Bankhead, jr., William B. Bankhead, and Henry M. Bankhead. One of his gifted and able sons, Hon. William B. Bank- head, is serving his second term in this House, and has been elected to the next Congress. Father and son serv- ing in the House and Senate at the same time for the first time in the history of the Congress of the United States. I was a member of the committee from the House to ac- company the remains to Alabama and attend the funeral ceremonies in the Methodist Church at his home in Jasper, [92] Address of Mr. Almon, of Alabama Ala. I was profoundly impressed by the sincere evi- dences of sorrow, love, and respect manifested by that vast throng of people from every part of Alabama gathered there to honor him on that occasion, represent- ing, as they did, every side of political and every plane of social life. All in all, he was one of nature's great men. The effect of such a life, character, works, and faith will make its impress not only on the present generation but the generations to follow. Alabama has furnished many eminent statesmen to the service of the country, but none more beloved or re- spected than our late lamented friend. High upon her rolls of fame posterity will write the name of John Hollis Bankhead. [93] Address of Mr. Steenerson, of Minnesota Mr. Speaker: The salient points in the biography of Senator Bankhead are that he was a farmer and made his home on the farm all of his life; that he was self-educated; that he served in the Confederate Army and was three times wounded on the battle field; that he served in both branches of the State legislature; that he served for 20 years in the National House of Representatives, from 1887 to 1907, and for 12 years in the United States Senate. I came to Congress in 1903, and during the Fifty-eighth and Fifty-ninth Congresses I served with Mr. Bankhead. He was a member of the Committee on Rivers and Har- bors, and I was a member of the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. Our acquaintance during these four years was only a speaking acquaintance. However, on one could be here without being attracted by the com- manding appearance and fine presence and wide knowl- edge and influence of Mr. Bankhead as a Member of this House. It was not until about six years ago, after he had served for some time as chairman of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads of the Senate, and I had be- come the ranking Republican member of the House com- mittee, that I had occasion to become better acquainted with him, because as members of the various conferences to adjust the differences between the two Houses on postal matters we had frequent meetings and discussions, and 1 then learned to know him and to admire him greatly. I also served with him on two joint commissions, first the Commission on Pneumatic Tubes, from 1917 to 1919, and later the Commission on Postal Salaries, of which latter commission he was a member and chairman when he died. [94] Address of Mr. Steenerson, of Minnesota He was a man of good judgment and very extensive knowledge of the affairs of our Government. He was a man of independence, and although a party man he was not afraid to exercise his own judgment when he thought he had a right to differ with his party. He believed that the legislative branch of the Government was coordinate with the executive, and he would not take orders from the executive or any others. He maintained with great ability the traditional dignity and independence of Con- gress and resisted any attempt to make it simply a regis- tering body for the will of another branch of the Govern- ment. He had been brought up in a school of political thought which believed in the strict construction of the Constitu- tion, the chief exponents of which were Jefferson, Jackson, Monroe, and others. One of the main tenets of this school of politics was State rights to the extent of believing, as they did, that this was only a compact of independent sovereign powers, and that the States had a right to secede from the Union. He fought for four years on the Con- federate side, but when the war was over he believed that the issue between these two different schools of thought had been finally settled and that there was a new order of things for the future. He was fully reconciled to the new order. He became a strong Union man. This was most eloquently expressed by him in a short speech upon the occasion of the visit of the Confederate soldiers to Wash- ington some two or three years ago, when he appeared in the Senate in his Confederate uniform and moved an ad- journment in order that the Senate might join in showing respect to his old comrades in arms. At that time he said : A little more than half a century ago Confederate soldiers in arms were hammering at the gates of Washington in an effort to sever their relations with the National Government. Thursday, march- ing with broken body and faltering steps on a mission of peace and love, not of hatred and bloodshed, but in a spirit of resolute recon- [95] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead ciliation and absolute loyalty to our flag, they will voice in vibrant tones to all the world an indissoluble Union of the United States. I am grateful that God has spared me to see this day when my old comrades in arms of the Confederacy are here in the Capital of that Nation which for four years they struggled desperately to destroy, but which none in all this great Republic are now more anxious to preserve. That was an indication of the breadth of his views and the soundness of his judgment. It is a rather singular but noteworthy fact in our history that owing to the struggle between the two different schools of thought, the followers of Hamilton on the one side and of Jefferson on the other, as to the extent of the powers the States delegated to the Union, a great many of the undisputed powers were neglected and not exercised for a long time. The powers to regulate commerce and to establish post offices and post roads were practically neglected, at least the former, for a hundred years after the adoption of the Constitution. It was not until 1887, the first year of Senator Bankhead's service in the House of Representatives, that the act to regulate commerce was passed, which was the pioneer law and indicated a new era in the extension of Federal power over the affairs of the people of this Nation. A little later came the antitrust law, upon which a great many subsequent statutes and ex- tension of Federal power have been built. Mr. Bankhead's first activity in Congress was with ref- erence to the improvement of waterways and rivers and harbors generally. He was for several years the chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. He was chairman during the time that the present Library of Congress was erected, and it is in part at least due to the laws passed at that time, although the name of that library is the Library of Congress, that it has actually be- come a national library, and has had an unseen and un- known influence, but a great one, upon the development of [96] Address of Mr. Steenerson, of Minnesota the national spirit among our people and the obliteration of sectional animosities. Mr. Bankhead's greatest service to the country has been in the direction of the extension of the postal powers of Congress. It seems almost ridiculous to reflect that for nearly a hundred years the great states- men of the country and those who ruled the destinies of the Nation believed that where the Constitution says that Congress shall have power to establish post offices and post roads, it did not confer the power to build or con- struct a road. They believed that the Federal Government had no power, except with the consent of the different States, to go into those States and aid in the construction of roads, that the Federal Government had to have the aid of the State to acquire property, that the United States had no right of eminent domain, and the attempt which was sev- eral times made to build national highways in those days encountered insuperable difficulties, as will be recalled in connection with the Cumberland Road up here. However, the legislation in regard to the construction of transcon- tinental lines of railroads following the Civil War, rail- road and telegraph lines, brought the question squarely before the Supreme Court of the United States, and in 1877 it was finally determined by the highest judicial au- thority in the land that the postal power of Congress ex- tended both to building and to authorizing private cor- porations chartered by it to construct railroads, post roads, and telegraph lines (96 U. S.). The same question came up again in the case of California against the Pacific Railroad (127 U. S.) in 1888 when Mr. Bankhead was a Member of the House, and again the Supreme Court de- clared that there could be no question as to the power of Congress under the postal clause to either directly con- struct post roads or to authorize their construction. Up to that time there had been very little effort made in the 46667—21 7 [97] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead direction of having the Federal Government really aid in building post roads in the country. Senator Bankhead was the pioneer in that effort, and as has been stated by the gentleman from Alabama, Mr. Almon, he labored for many years without being able to bring about the object of his efforts. At first his was a voice in the wilder- ness, but finally in 1916 the first Federal road aid act was passed very largely through his efforts, and it appro- priated $75,000,000 to aid the different States to be allotted to them upon the basis of road mileage and population, for a period of five years. Later on he introduced in the Senate what was called the Bankhead bill, increasing the appropriation under the Federal road act, of 1916, by $200,000,000. He secured its insertion in the annual appropriation bill of 1919 as a rider. When it came back here the House by unanimous consent disagreed to all the Senate amendments and ap- pointed conferees. I was one of the conferees. It would have been a pleasing experience for anyone to have watched Senator Bankhead in that conference, when the conferees on the part of the House came over to the Senate to struggle for the maintenance of the House position; for he knew in his heart that at least three-fourths of the House Members favored the appropriation, but as a mat- ter of form the conferees on the part of the House had to fight for the position taken by the House in disagreeing to the amendment. But in the course of protracted diplo- matic negotiations the House conferees finally " yielded," and the provision was included in the annual appropria- tion act and became a law. But it was not only in the direction of building good roads and aiding in the extension of country post roads that Mr. Bankhead was active. He also aided in the estab- lishment and the extension of the rural delivery and the parcel post and the postal savings bank system. As has [98] Address of Mr. Steenerson, of Minnesota been pointed out here he was one of the main advocates of the adoption of the Federal water power act which was pending for so many years and which lately became a law. This is another extension of Federal power. It may be asked if this championship on the part of this professed follower of Thomas Jefferson was not incon- sistent with his political beliefs. The answer is no, be- cause it was now established that there was no constitu- tional limitation and the extension of Federal power over these matters became an accomplished fact, not only by the decision of the war but by the decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States, and it was not a question whether we had these powers that Mr. Bankhead was active in extending, but whether we should exercise them or not, and, if so, to what extent. That was a question of judgment. During the late war, as a war measure, this Government seized the railroads, telegraphs, and telephones. There were many high in power who seemed to think that this was a golden opportunity to establish Government owner- ship and operation of these facilities, and they advocated first an extension of five years in order to try out the ex- periment. But Senator Bankhead took the view that there was no question that we had the power to operate rail- roads and to own them, both under the commerce clause and under the postal clause of the Constitution, and also the telegraph and telephones, if we though it wise to do so. But, having taken them for war purposes, it was hardly fair to the people to assume a new and radical departure in government without first submitting it to their decision; that whether or not it would be wise so to limit private initiative enterprise by such an enormous extension of governmental activities was a serious matter that might affect the very perpetuity of representative government, and for that reason he thought that when the necessity [99] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead had passed these utilities should be returned to their owners. I was an admirer of Senator Bankhead. I admired him for the broadness of his vision and the soundness of his views. But so many encomiums upon his personal life and character have been paid him by those who have a right to speak from a greater and more intimate ac- quaintanceship that it would be almost presumption for me to try to add anything to what they have said. The life of Senator Bankhead will be an inspiration to the young in future ages. He has left a deep impression upon our institutions, and the influence of his legislative work will long be felt and remembered. He is gone, but he leaves a name and a fame that constitute a rich inher- itance to his family, his State, and the country. [lOOJ Address of Mr. Small, of North Carolina Mr. Speaker : When we come to speak of the dead there is a natural hesitancy with every man of modesty and simplicity of thought for fear that he may violate in some degree the proprieties of such an occasion. If Senator Bankhead could speak to us to-day his admonition would be, " Characterize me as I was." Fortunately in his case such a characterization, entirely within the limits of truth, not only does justice to his memory but marks him as one of the distinguished men of his State and country. When I first entered this body in the Fifty-sixth Con- gress, at the first legislative session in December, 1899, Mr. Bankhead was a Member of the House, and even at that time was regarded as a veteran legislator. I recall quite distinctly our first meeting. It so happened, as is the case with every new Member, I had ambitions and purposes, one of which carried me to the committee of which he was a distinguished member, the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. There is scarcely a Member of this House who does not recall during his novitiate the differences in the re- ception which he received from the older Members. Some w^ere in the nature of rebuffs, others of coldness and indifference; and nobody appreciates like the new Member the kindly, gentle, considerate, and encourag- ing reception from an old Member. It was that sort of a reception which Mr. Bankhead gave to me. And dur- ing the following 20 years which ensued, while not thrown intimately together, yet I came to admire, to respect, and to love the man, and it is to-day a source of some satisfaction to feel that upon more than one occasion [101] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead he was gracious enough to consult me in a friendly inti- mate fashion about problems of a public nature. For 33 years Mr. Bankhead served in the Congress — 20 years, as I recall, in the House of Representatives and 13 years in the Senate. Therefore the mature years of his life were devoted to the service of his country in the Federal Legislature. It seems to me that in this brief moment I could do nothing more appropriate than to refer to the legislative career of Senator Bankhead, point- ing out some of the outstanding factors which entered into his public life and marked him as a man and as a faithful servant of the people. There are some essentials necessary to a successful legislator. Of course, he must have a strong mentality — a brain not only well endowed, but one which by train- ing and discipline has come to be the servant of the man. Senator Bankhead had a strong, virile mind, and by dili- gence, by protracted study of public questions to which he gave attention, he had trained that mind in such a way as to make it a potential instrumentality in the public service. A legislator must have imagination and vision, but he must not permit them to run riot. He must keep them within control. Mr. Bankhead had imagination. He could peer into the future, and the visions which he saw were such as made for the public welfare, were prac- tical in every aspect, and he lived to see many of them brought to a successful fruition. A legislator must have self-control. In fact, there is no more essential characteristic which a man should possess in any avenue of life than to be master of him- self. Self-control implies will power, the capacity to withstand temptation, to avoid the aberrations of mind and heart, to walk straight to the object which he has in mind undismayed and unafraid. Mr. Bankhead had [102] Address of Mr. Small, of North Carolina that self-control and that will power which is an essential accompaniment. The legislator must have courage. Upon how many occasions have Members of this House found it necessary to invoke all the courage which they possess ; the courage which withstands the clamor of to-day in order to have an opportunity to stand in the sunlight of truth to- morrow; the courage to avoid the paths of the demagogue and to walk in the highway of righteousness. A man serving the public who does not possess in some degree the courage to look beyond the temptations of to-day in seeking the truth of the future will frequently find him- self taking paths which he regrets to-morrow. A legislator must have integrity. In fact, it is abso- lutely essential. Every intelligent student of government, particularly of a democracy, knows that the courts in the administration of the law are the bulwark of liberty and good government. Every observant citizen, and particu- larly every lawyer, learns soon to recognize the surpass- ing advantage of integrity on the part of the judge. He, . in fact, is willing to minimize intellect if he can substi- tute for it a large degree of common sense, good judg- ment, and unbending integrity. A former Member of this House, now a distinguished Senator, Senator John Sharp Williams, of Mississippi, while a Member of this House, frequently used the ex- pression in referring to a person, that he possessed " intel- lectual integrity." He was seeking, as we may assume, to distinguish intellectual from moral integrity. There is perhaps a distinction. Some of us have seen men whose moral integrity we would scarcely dare im- pugn, and yet we were reluctant to admit that they pos- sessed intellectual integrity. But a combination of the two, thinking straight and clear, with the moral safe- guards of a robust integrity, mark such a man who is [103] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead its possessor as a man peculiarly equipped to serve in a public station. I believe that Senator Bankhead pos- sessed not only a strong moral but an equally marked intellectual integrity. A legislator must have patience and faith. A Member coming into this body stirred by ambitious aims, desiring to accomplish some piece of legislation, will soon en- counter handicaps and obstacles which try his patience. It is a test of his self-control, a test of his ability to deal with men, a test of his capacity to work under disap- pointment. Senator Bankhead was connected with many pieces of legislation, now a part of the law of the land, in which he was conspicuous, and in many instances the largest factor in their enactment. In bringing to final success those measures in which he was peculiarly and personally interested it may be taken for granted that he had learned in the school of legislative experience the wisdom of patience, of faith, and of endurance. Every legislator must be practical minded. I had the privilege of saying a moment ago that while he must possess imagination and vision he must not let them run riot. He must apply to his legislative purposes the prac- tical thought of a man of common sense and unerring judgment. Perhaps that virtue of practicality was one which he possessed in a larger degree than others. He did not care to shine, it was not for the glory of the effort, but for the satisfaction of the success for which he lived his legislative life. I shall only detain you longer to mention the last two pieces of legislation which in a large degree should be credited to the legislative career of Senator Bankhead. One of the gentlemen referred to his membership for years as a Member of the House of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. He was a diligent member of that committee and ranked with the chairman in influence. [104] Address of Mr. Small, of North Carolina One of the particular projects which he believed was most necessary in the public interest was the improvement of the Warrior River system, which involved its canalization by locks and dams at a large cost. Steadily, year after year, he fought for and obtained appropriations for this project. There were many critics, many who sneered, many who doubted the utility of this improvement as a part of our system of transportation, and yet his faith never wavered. Only within the past few years has his work come to be justified, and in the near future the wisdom of the improvement of this great river linking together the coal fields and the almost inexhaustible mines of ore in upper Alabama with the sea, this river will teem with commerce, carrying this coal and iron down to the sea, and carrying merchandise and other commodities into the interior, and will be a distinct factor in commerce and our system of transportation. Perhaps his practical vision is best illustrated in the law providing for Federal cooperation with the States in the construction of public roads. One of the peculiar defects in the economic life of the United States has been the backwardness of the States in the construction of adequate highways. The advent of the automobile and the motor truck required especially stable surface con- struction, which was not so necessary with the old style of vehicles. In the South particularly were our States backward. We had not learned proper construction methods, but more important perhaps, we had not learned the necessity of maintaining these roads. With this Federal cooperation not only has an impetus been given to road construction throughout the United States, but it has been educational in that the States and communities have learned how to construct hard-surfaced roads and the importance of maintaining them. The cause of good roads has been advanced and the benefits of this Federal cooperation will be permanent. [105] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead I have characterized in a simple way what I conceived to be the essential qualifications of a legislator, and I venture to express the opinion, which I believe to be well within the limits of truth, that Senator Bankhead pos- sessed such qualifications. Senator Bankhead in addition had fellowship with the humanities of life. A man whose heart can not be stirred by the humane phases of life is indeed unfortunate. You and I, gentlemen, know of men in the past and men who are living to-day whose intellectual capacity is high, who have reached distinction in their respective vocations, and yet who, because they are lacking in a conception of the humanities of life, have failed in some essential par- ticulars to make their impress upon their kind. The stranger would not regard Senator Bankhead as a man of sentiment. You must have associated with him to some extent before you became acquainted with this beautiful virtue. If I may be pardoned a personal allusion, I remember an occasion not many years ago of speaking to him one day in his committee room in the Senate about a beautiful relative, a granddaughter of his, and it was actually in- spiring to see the smile and the grateful look of recogni- tion and to hear the words which he uttered in expression of his love. Some great man has said that the man who, under the influence of pathos and sorrow or sympathy, can not shed a tear is indeed unfortunate. I am quite sure that if the occasion arose and the deep well of sentiment of that big man was stirred, an unbidden tear would have coursed his cheek. May I for just a moment refer to another phase in the life of this distinguished man? He was a Confederate soldier. I was not permitted, nor perhaps were any who are present on this occasion, old enough to participate in that fratricidal struggle. It is all over now, and we are all [106] Address of Mr. Small, of North Carolina citizens of this great Republic of the United States, loyal to its flag and its institutions; but the time should never come when any Southern man, or woman — and I would like to believe that the time will never come — when any man or woman from any other section of the country will stand up before the public eye and disparage in the slight- est degree the courage of the brave men who fought under the Stars and Bars, or the integrity and the honesty of their purpose. Senator Bankhead as long as he lived, while loyal to the Federal Government, which he exemplified in thousands of ways, at the same time was loyal to the cour- age and the integrity of the men who fought under Lee and Jackson for the cause that was lost. Of Senator Bankhead it may well be said that in war and in peace, on the forum and by the fireside, in public life and in private station, that — The bravest are the tenderest, the loving are the daring. [107] Address of Mr. Garrett, of Tennessee Mr. Speaker: I had not expected when I came into the Hall to participate in the ceremonies other than by ap- pearing and showing my respect for a great man and my regard for those loved ones whom he has left behind, but since coming into the Chamber I have been invited to say a few words. These thoughts come to me: Mr. Bankhead sought his country's honors that he might serve his country's good. I do not know whether we have followed his record closely enough, or whether all have, to appreciate the tremendous force that he has been in one particular line of govern- mental activity. The last message of President Madison dealt with a con- stitutional question. It was the veto of an internal im- provement bill. Gentlemen will find that the message itself, although not very long, carries with it a more ex- tensive and exhaustive discussion from the constitutional standpoint of the right of the Federal Government to make appropriations for internal improvement than any other document, so far as I know. The question of in- ternal improvements from that time on became a very sharp political question. It was several years after that message, but while those issues were still very much under discussion, that Senator Bankhead was born. The formative period of his life was spent during the time when this was one of the questions most frequently dis- cussed, probably more frequently discussed than any other, except the question of slavery. All of Senator Bankhead's mature life was linked with public activity. In its flower he was a soldier, and he went to the grave bearing honorable scars of honorable wounds, [108] Address of Mr. Garrett, of Tennessee received in an honorable cause. Very shortly after that he became a member of the State legislature of his State, and later a Representative in Congress, and then Senator. What attracted my attention to Senator Bankhead before I ever came to Congress was his advocacy of internal im- provements, and the force with which he advocated them. It might seem that we are talking shop here to-day, and yet when we are honoring the memory of a man whose whole life was linked with legislation, how can we do otherwise than, in a way, talk shop? I do not know that he originated it, but I think Senator Bankhead developed and certainly put into effect the proposition of coopera- tion on the part of the Federal Government with the States in the matter of expenditure for internal improve- ments. There perhaps had been some minor things antedating the passage of the road law, but that was the first great conspicuous measure that stands out in history whereby there was brought about what you may call cooperative appropriations by the Federal Government and the State governments in the matter of internal improvements. Evidently Senator Bankhead did not agree with the thoughts that were set forth in the veto message of Presi- dent Madison and which constituted wherever internal improvements were involved the political issue during his early manhood. He believed in internal improvements. He did not doubt the constitutional power nor the consti- tutional right of the Federal Government to make internal improvements, but he advanced the doctrine to the point where he brought about the cooperative movement be- tween the Federal Government and the States which con- stitutes an entirely new practice. While he may not have originated the idea, he did first bring about its practical application, and I think that is the principal thing which will make him a historical character. [109] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead When one succeeds in engrafting an entirely new prin- ciple or practice upon government it renders him con- spicuous and renders him historic, and Senator Bank- head's fame as a statesman will rest upon that. Of course, the personal affection which everyone who knew him had for him will not add to his fame in history, but to put a distinct principle into law and into the practice of a na- tion does give him a place separate and apart from prac- tically all of his fellows with whom he served in this House and in the other body. Senator Bankhead was a most genial and lovable man in all his relations. Loyal to his friends, loyal to his party, loyal to his country, he wrought a great work in the world and has left to those who follow him an example of dig- nity, efficiency, and force which must be to them an un- ending inspiration. [110] Address of Mr. Wingo, of Arkansas Mr. Speaker; I had not expected to participate actively in the ceremonies to-day, but I should feel that I had denied myself a privilege if I do not express, though only by a few words, my appreciation of the life and char- acter of this beloved Alabamian, brave soldier, and dis- tinguished public servant. When one comes to express himself upon an occasion of this kind there are so many different thoughts that struggle with each other for ex- pression that one finds difficulty in determining exactly what to say. So I shall confine myself to one thought which has come to me as I have listened to the remarks of my colleagues. As one in his mind's eye has passing before him in re- view the last shattered remnant of the old guard of the South, in the forefront standing out is the striking per- sonality and strong character of Senator Bankhead, which not only attracts attention but challenges admiration and respect. And the thought I want to express is this: That when the future historians come to write the history of this country, and when all the passions of the hour have passed away, when the prejudices and the sectional feel- ing aroused by the Civil War, most of which fortunately have already passed away — when all shall have passed, and historians come to write the history of the last cen- tury, I think they will agree that one of the most remark- able performances in that time was the work of men like Senator Bankhead and the other great leaders of the South who went back to civil life at the close of the war. They found their industries ruined, their lands laid waste, their homes burned, their stock and other personal prop- erty taken or destroyed by the invader. Yet undaunted [111] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead they, with faith in themselves and faith in their country, went to work, and in the span of their own lives they re- built and rehabilitated their beloved Southland, and with many others Senator Bankhead lived to see the day when not only was the South rebuilt and put upon its feet again, but he found himself and his son playing a promi- nent part in shaping the industrial life and the political thought and the destinies of the very Nation against which he and his comrades had struggled in arms. This would not be possible anywhere else except in America, and it would not be possible by any other men than those of the heroic mold and character of that illustrious band to which Senator Bankhead belonged and of which he was one of the great leaders. 11121 Address of Mr. Steagall, of Alabama Mr. Speaker: It was not my good fortune to be asso- ciated with Senator Bankhead in public life, nor other- wise, so long as were others who are spared to pay tribute to his memory. But I knew him intimately and well, and I have the profoundest appreciation both of his personal worth and splendid service. His public life began before I was born. When I was a child he was a Representative in Congress, and when I became a Member of this body he was senior Senator from Alabama, having served con- tinuously after his first election with only a few months' interruption between the termination of his service in the House and the beginning of his first term as Senator. When I took up my duties here I began the practice, which continued till his death, of seeking from time to time the benefit of his counsel and advice; and during all these years he never failed to respond generously to any re- quest made of him. He was not too little for big things and never too big for little things. He seemed always to find pleasure in the opportunity to render service to any citizen of his State, however humble or obscure. He never hesitated to go in person to officials or departments to as- sist or serve a friend. One of his most striking character- istics was his deep gratitude and unfailing loyalty to his friends. He never hesitated or counted the cost in answer- ing a call from one of them. He was so manly and coura- geous that even his opponents respected and admired him. It was common understanding in Alabama that no re- quest reaching him would fail of prompt response. He was loyal to the plain people and they were devoted to him. The struggles and adversities encountered in his 46667—21 8 [113] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead own life gave him sympathy for and understanding of the common people which found constant expression in effort to promote their advancement. Senator Bankhead was raised on a farm and educated in the common schools of Lamar County, Ala. The time which would otherwise have been devoted to extending his education was spent in the Army. But this handicap did not discourage him. To him it was only a challenge to harder and more constant endeavor. The loss of a finished education was compensated by his superb cour- age and great common-sense qualities which he possessed in most remarkable degree. Nature with lavish hand en- dowed him with physical, mental, and moral gifts seldom seen. These forces he conserved and enlarged at every step from his humble farm to the close of his long and use- ful career in the United States Senate. When a beardless boy he offered his life in defense of the institutions of his native land. With credit to himself and his comrades he served throughout the war with the brave band who with deathless devotion and sublime courage followed the banner of the Southern Confed- eracy. As a soldier he displayed the same devotion to duty and consummate courage which became the abiding characteristic of his life. Three times he was wounded in battle, and he rose from the rank of private to that of captain. At the close of the tragic and destructive conflict he returned to his home and began the work of restora- tion as a farmer. Mr. Speaker, in every conflict in which this Nation has engaged men of the South have added luster to American arms and won honor and renown which have come down as the common heritage of all sections of the Republic. In statesmanship the sons of the South have rendered service inseparably linked with the liberties of mankind and as lasting as the Government itself. I believe, too, [114] Address of Mr. Steagall, of Alabama Mr. Speaker, that history will yet record the truth that not in any foreign war nor when fighting against an alien foe can be found a truer test of the heroism and courage of the southern soldier. The real test is to be found in those years of carnage when the dauntless and devoted followers of Lee, half fed, half clad, inadequately armed, fought on for four long years against the matchless resources and overpowering numbers of the North. I believe the records of history justify the statement that, even against such overwhelming odds, they would have conquered had they been matched against any men or race under the stars save their own brethren of their own country. I don't believe that in all history there has been another test of statesmanship, the demonstration of the capacity of a great race for the exer- cise of the inalienable right of self-government, such as was displayed by the men of the South in meeting the problems thrust upon them during the period of recon- struction. Alabama was one of the States in which those problems were present in most difficult form. Senator Bankhead was a leader in accomplishing their solution. With their fortunes swept away, their lands devastated, their treasury empty, their government debauched and in control of a horde of strangers and irresponsible Negroes, corrupted and taught to hate their former masters, the white men of Alabama went about their stupendous task. But soon orderly government was established, persons and property protected, credit revived, and civilization re- stored. In this trying period Senator Bankhead played a part which won for him the undying gratitude of the people of Alabama. He was called to serve three times in the legislature of his State, twice in the house of representatives and four years in the State senate, and for a term as supervisor of the State's convict system. At every step he displayed [lt5] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead qualities which endeared him more deeply to the people. Then followed his election as a Member of Congress. Still, as before, he continued to grow, both in the quality and scope of his service and in popular confidence and esteem. Never did he seek to enlarge his favor with the public by any trick or demagogy or appeal to transient passion and prejudice. By nature and training he was a real demo- crat — a believer in our system of government, with the distribution and limitations of powers established by the wise men who framed it. He believed in the old doctrine that the citizen should support the Government and that the legitimate function of government is to afford protec- tion to life, liberty, and property. He recognized that the maintenance of property rights is essential to human free- dom and happiness. He was a man of the masses and devoted to their welfare. His greatest achievements in Congress were in connec- tion with the improvement of rivers and harbors, the development of water power, and the construction of good roads. At this time, when the problem of distribution is so accentuated, all of us appreciate his wisdom in attach- ing so much importance to the extension and improvement of transportation. He rendered enduring service in the effort to secure Government aid and arousing the Nation to the importance of utilizing the waterways with which Providence has blessed us. He was a leader in the move- ment for Government aid for the construction of good roads. He championed the cause when it was unpopular and involved him in ridicule and criticism. But he kept up the fight and lived to see the entire Nation recognize its debt of gratitude for his efforts. Some day we shall cease to mock the blessings of Providence and put an end to the waste of our vast water power now unused. When that time shall come the farmer boy, enabled to read and improve his mind, while, by the touch of machinery he [116] Address of Mr. Steagall, of Alabama multiplies the labor of his hands, will bless the memory of Senator Bankhead for his foresight in pressing the pol- icy of water-power development. In the years to come his memory will be cherished, not because of any polished phrase or studied speech which pleased for a moment, but as a statesman whose common sense and contact with the common people enabled him to render real service to them. Our history shows few men who have rendered service so large and lasting, and few, indeed, are those who have been so richly rewarded. Nearly 33 years he was an honored and useful Member of the American Congress; and there was no honor in the gift of the people of his State which might not easily have been his for the asking. After all, the story of Senator Bankhead's illustrious public career is surpassed in interest by the beauty and happiness of his home life. In early life he was married to Miss Tallulah Brockman, to whom he gave unstinted credit for his success and who still survives him. The happy union was blessed with five children — two daugh- ters and three sons. A daughter, Mrs. Marie Bankhead Owen, was married to the late Dr. Thomas M. Owen, a man of high character and splendid attainments, and who at the time of his death was State historian of Alabama. Mrs. Owen is one of Alabama's most gifted and beloved women, and succeeded her husband in the position of State historian. Another daughter, Mrs. A. G. Lund, was married to Hon. W. H. Perry, a man highly honored by the people of South Carolina, and who served for a number of years in Congress. A son, Henry M. Bankhead, is now serving as colonel in the United States Army. Another son, John H. Bankhead, jr., is a leading member of the bar and highly influential in the financial and industrial circles of his State. The youngest son, Hon. William B. Bankhead, our brilliant colleague, now serving his third term in this House, amply justifies the confidence of the [117] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead people of Alabama, who look to him to carry on the work laid down by his father. It was the unusual distinction of Senator Bankhead to have served in Congress at one time with a son and at another time with a son-in-law. An affectionate father, a devoted husband, a gallant soldier, and a useful statesman, he died rich in honors, ripe in years. His influence will endure through succeeding generations and his memory will long be cherished by a grateful people. [118] Address of Mr. McDuffie, of Alabama Mr. Speaker: I doubt if I can by my words add any- thing to the eulogies already heard on this occasion, yet because of my fondness for him and the high esteem in which those I represent held him I can not refrain from adding a few words which I am sure will be too feeble to properly portray the high regard and genuine affection which were entertained by the people of my district, my State, and the Nation for this great statesman. Few men in the course of their lives have rendered greater service to their fellow man and to their country than the one to whose memory we are met to pay tribute to-day. Few men achieve higher honors and greater glory, and fewer still, who when answering the death angel's call, leave the world enjoying a more universal respect and admiration of their fellow men than did Sen- ator John H. Bankhead. Senator Bankhead was what might be called a self- made man; that is, he knew and experienced the hard- ships of life as a young man, but he was one of a rare type who achieved greatness by his superb mentality, his splendid ability, and his purity of purpose. The record he has made as a citizen, a patriot, and a statesman is an inspiration for generations yet to come, and it is the pride of all Alabamians. At the age of 18 years, when the two great sections of this Nation resorted to the arbitrament of the sword to settle their differences, he promptly answered the call of the South and, as a private, joined the ranks of the most gallant army that ever fought for constitutional rights or ever known to the history of modern times. Upon many a battle field during those four terrible years of lurid [119] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead warfare, though many times wounded, he never flinched or faltered. Under the most critical and trying circum- stances he displayed that valor, chivalry, and courage which belonged to the highest and best type of a Confed- erate soldier. "When the god of battle decided against him and fate decreed that his cause could not prevail, he furled his immortal banner, and as Capt. Bankhead sheathed his stainless sword. He returned to build anew his devas- tated, torn, and bleeding, but proud homeland, which he loved so well, honored so highly, and served so faith- fully, even until the last day of his life. No man loved his reunited country more than he. Senator Nelson, of Minnesota, that splendid old vet- eran of the Union Army and his intimate friend, has so well said of Senator Bankhead — "While cherishing the memories of the Civil "War and proud of the valor of the Southern soldier his activity was wholly in favor of the progress and prosperity of our reunited country. And while in his youth he was a true sample of the old South, in his maturer and later years he was the living embodiment of the new South with all of its loyalty, vigor, and prosperity. About 35 years ago, after serving several terms in both branches of the Alabama Legislature, his people, appre- ciating his broad vision, his superb intellectuality, and his indomitable energy, commissioned him to serve in this House. Here he soon became a most useful and valuable Member of Congress, and for 20 years devoted his best efforts to the progress and development of the Nation. His work in this House and his identity with great measures of progressive legislation made of him a national figure. In 1907 the people of Alabama gave him the highest honor within their power by electing him with an over- whelming vote to serve in the Senate of the United States. [120] Address of Mr. McDuffie, of Alabama How well he served his district, his State, and Nation for more than 30 years the records of both branches of Con- gress will show. But, Mr. Speaker, monuments more en- during than these records bear witness to-day, all over the Union, to his incessant labors for the development, the growth, the onward march of industrial progress and prosperity of this Nation. Every river and harbor of the United States which has been improved by this Gov- ernment for nearly a half century has felt the effect of his guiding hand and helpful influence. Many years ago he became interested in having navi- gable water from the coal fields of Alabama to the Gulf of Mexico by building a system of locks and dams on the Tombigbee and Warrior Rivers. To-day Alabama has the longest canalized river in the world, and I am glad that Senator Bankhead lived to see the products of the rich mineral district of Alabama float down that river system to the port of Mobile, there to be exported to all the busy markets of the world. At the headwaters of this river, several hundred feet above sea level, by the construction of a lock and dam, there is a beautiful crystal lake formed by the limpid streams which flow from the hearts of the surrounding mountains. This lake is fittingly named Bankhead Lake. Senator Bankhead might well be called the father of good roads in America. At his suggestion and due to his active interest more than to that of anyone else this Gov- ernment began to lend its financial aid to the various States for the building of better highways. To-day a national highway, said to be the longest on earth, extend- ing from coast to coast, bears his honored name. Begin- ning at the National Capital, running south through his- toric old Virginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, through his own beloved State of Alabama, then westward through Tennes- see, Mississippi, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas, on [121] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead across the Rocky Mountains to San Diego, Calif. It is interesting as well as gratifying to every citizen in my State to know that the longest canalized river in the world and the longest road in the world has forever linked with each the name of Alabama's distinguished son, Senator Bankhead. Mr. Speaker, in my judgment had Senator Bankhead done nothing else except the one thing of committing this Government to the policy of building better highways, that one thing alone entitles him to be known as one of the great public benefactors of this Nation. One of the outstanding characteristics of his public service was his intensity and his prompt and efficient at- tention to every duty and every request, whether great or small. Whether a call upon him came from the richest man in his State or from the one in the humblest walks of life he always responded cheerfully and gladly. I do not believe the people of any part of Alabama held him in higher esteem and more universally admired him than those whom I have the honor to represent in this Congress. I remember some years ago when the people of my home city. Mobile, for whose development Senator Bankhead always gave his best efforts, presented him with a loving cup as a slight token of their appreciation of him. I was in Mobile when the news of his death came over the wire, and every man I saw was deeply touched. They felt that his death was not only a great loss to his State and Nation but they took it as a personal loss. And I would beg leave to express for them to-day their deepest sorrow and sympathy for his loved ones, and their love for his memory. Mr. Speaker, I have often thought of Senator Bankhead before and since his death. I have contemplated his long life of usefulness, his record as a great statesman, his charity and love for his fellow man. I have thought of the great achievements of his career; of his family of [122] Address of Mr. McDuffie, of Alabama splendid sons and daughters and grandchildren, all of whom he lived to see grow into useful manhood and womanhood, and one of whom he lived to see an honored Member of this House, whom we have all learned to re- spect and admire. When I recall these things I know that he could but be happy in the later years in the enjoyment of the consummation of a well-spent life, the like of which is so rare amongst men. His work on earth is done, he ran his course, he kept the faith, he fought the good fight. His deeds will keep his memory alive and continue to call to the minds of coming generations the glory of his name. The memory of good deeds will ever stay, A lamp to light us on the darkened way; A music to the ear on clamoring street, A cooling well in the noonday heat; A scent of green boughs blown through narrow walls, A field of rest when quiet evening falls. [123] Address of Mr. Bowling, of Alabama Mr. Speaker : It has been a matter of personal satisfac- tion to me, a citizen of Alabama, to hear these splendid encomiums in honor of a citizen of my State. It was not my pleasure to have an intimate personal acquaintance with Senator Bankhead, and therefore these pleasant recollections of happy associations in the Capitol at Washington were denied me. I knew him merely as one of the people. My point of view was that of the aver- age man of Alabama. My perspective, I think, is that of the great body of the people who looked upon this great man as one of them. I saw him as one who reflected ac- curately the average public opinion of his State and his people. The great facts of his life have been related here to-day by the gentlemen who have preceded me. They stand out in fair relief and will ever illustrate his memory. That he was a Confederate soldier brave and true is a part of the heritage of the present generation of Alabama, and the fact that he went into that great conflict as a private soldier and emerged with the commission of a captain and an honorable discharge stamped him in the days of his vigorous young manhood as a leader, and the same force and power that carried him through that great conflict and brought him to a position of leadership sustained him throughout all his life and characterized his work in Con- gress and out. In thinking of him and of others who belonged to that great army I have often contemplated the task that met them when they returned to their homes after the destruc- tion of the Southern Confederacy — homes gone, civiliza- tion turned upside down, institutions gone, money gone, their very traditions gone. In the face of all these ma- terial burdens the fearful task that confronted them was [124] Address of Mr. Bowling, of Alabama complicated by the presence of a vast mass of recently liberated slaves. This young man returned from the battle field with honor to take his place in civil life. He was not daunted by the tasks that met him, but he took hold of them with the strength of his young manhood and with the abund- ance of hope that sustained him, and helped to build up the waste places again, to assist with all his strength of purpose in binding up the Nation's wounds and building over again the civilization of a proud and happy people. This intensity of purpose carried with him always in his future career. As a legislator he stood firm as the pyra- mids. We have heard his associates this morning, man after man, speak of the strength of his character, the te- nacity of his purpose, and the soundness of his judgment. These were the elements of his character that carried him to such great success, and these were they which fur- nished such an inspiration to his people when they looked upon him as carrying with him the real incentive to effort that would help all men who looked upon his career. The great high places of his legislative life are all that are known to the people at large. They did not know of the thousand intimate associations that illustrated his life in Washington. They do not know of the everyday bur- dens of the legislator. They only knew that Senator Bank- head was in Washington and at work, and now and then there came forth the news of this or that achievement. I think the high point in his career was that which was so forcibly and so accurately presented by the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. Garrett]. The fact that this man, beginning alone, fighting a great battle to achieve a great purpose alone for so long, finally engrafted upon the policy of this great Nation of ours the good-roads move- ment and finally committed America to that policy, stands out as one of the mountain peaks of achievement in our [125] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead national history. And I believe that one of the great re- sults of this wonderful Bankhead Highway which has been mentioned here, extending from Washington to San Diego, will be to mark in the years to come what the Ap- pian Way was to old Rome, the center of the greatest civilization of the world, and along the sides of that road will yet be builded the monuments to the great names and the great achievements of America, so that the traveler from one State to another can read the history of the Nation in the buildings by the side of the road, and always it will carry the name of Bankhead fresh to generations yet unborn as long as men live and travel in America. There is one other feature of this good man who has gone of which I would like to say one word in conclusion. His associates have spoken beautifully of the strength of his manhood and the purity of his character. All of this grew out of the fact that he believed in God, and com- mitted himself into the hands of our Redeemer. He had a simple, childlike trust in the revelation that came to him at his mother's knee of the great and eternal principles of the Christian religion, and this begat in him a lively hope of a greater and better existence beyond the grave. And so, when the summons came to him, when the grim reaper appeared, he looked him in the face and did not tremble. He had faced death on the battle field years be- fore, and had escaped; but now, in the consciousness that his hour had come, he was sustained and soothed by that unfaltering trust that made him approach his grave like one who wraps the drapery of his couch about him and lies down to pleasant dreams. His memory lives with us; but he lives in another and better existence, waiting for us all to meet him again some time, somewhere. I know not where His islands lift their fronded palms in air, I only know we can not drift beyond His love and care. [126] Address of Mr. Oliver, of Alabama Mr. Speaker : On December 9, 1920, distinguished Sen- ators from North, East, West, and South devoted one entire day in the Senate of the United States to paying beautiful, loving, and well-deserved tribute to their late colleague, the Hon. John H. Bankhead, Alabama's illus- trious and beloved son, who passed over the river on the evening of March 1, 1920. None knew his private and official life better than his associates in the Senate, and none were so well qualified to write into the permanent records of the Nation the inspiring and wonderful life story of this great soldier, statesman, and citizen. We come to-day to bear witness to the correctness of that record. In my early boyhood I came to know, to love, and ad- mire Senator Bankhead and now cherish as a priceless memory the recollection of his worth and friendship. His work has added luster to the State, and through- out the Nation he is known and honored. He was a man of varied talents, of great activity, of tender heart, strong mind, and one who planned for deeds that live. His life has been an eminently useful and helpful one. He was a tireless, intelligent worker, and a statesman who placed public good above private gain. He had a depth of human sympathy seldom surpassed, and his unfailing cheerfulness made and kept friends through life. Few men in public life had a broader or more comprehensive view of public affairs, and no man ever gave more cheerfully of his strength and time to secure useful legislation. How fitting, then, in recognition of his distinguished national service, that a great public highway, stretching [127] Memorial Addresses: Senator Bankhead from the Capital to the Far West, and a marvelous lock and dam on one of the Nation's busy waterways should now bear his name for all time. The Washington Star had watched for more than a quarter of a century the official life of Senator Bankhead, and his distinguished colleague, the late Senator Martin, of Virginia, and there appears in its March 2, 1920, issue this simple, yet splendid, tribute to their legislative work : JOHN H. BANKHEAD. Senator Bankhead and the late Senator Martin had as legislators much in common. They were doers rather than talkers. Both talked well and persuasively, but seldom in the Senate Chamber. They reserved their tongues for the committee room. There they talked to the point and with good effect. They helped put many measures into the proper shape, and thus smoothed the way for their enactment into law. Both were industrious and took the practical side of questions. Both kept their feet on the ground and made no play for nebulous tributes paid to so-called men of vision. Theirs was the vision that saw things close at hand, saw them whole and in their proper proportions, and attended to them promptly and successfully. The present generation has not seen two more useful men in service on Capitol Hill. These men were rewarded by their constituents according to their deserts. Having demonstrated their fitness, both became invincible at home and were kept in office many years. Both died in harness. I often dined with him in the years gone by in his beauti- ful farm home near Fayette, Ala., and his exemplary rou- tine and kindness about his home were so instilled on my mind that I can never forget them. No man ever loved and worshiped his family more than he. He held the sacredness of his home above all else in the world. He was an ideal husband and father— kind, patient, loving, devoted, generous, and true — and there never was a needy one turned from the door of his home empty handed. [128] Address of Mr. Oliver, of Alabama His kind advice, the encouragement and counsel he has given his friends at home, the countless deeds of kindness and of love to his neighbors will build for him a monu- ment in the memory of his friends higher and more endur- ing than any marble shaft. To live in hearts we have left behind is not to die. How beautiful, then, to remember that he passed away in harness, widely loved and respected, rich in earthly honors and distinctions, leaving to his State and country the legacy of a life of high and honorable endeavor, the record of beneficent principles enacted into law, and a name graven deep in the imperishable granite of a people's gratitude and remembrance. Of him it can be said: He so lived that when he died he is missed. He so lived that loved ones may find in him an inspiration to goodness. He so lived that religion may find through him a witness to its great beneficence. He so lived that if his children do evil they can not say " This my father taught me." He so lived that he shall enjoy to its fullest the happiness of the immortality hope. He so lived that, now gone, he can not be forgotten. 46667—21 9 1129 Address of Mr. Rainey, of Alabama Mr. Speaker : It has been the custom of man from time immemorial to pay tribute to the dead. In pursuance of that time-honored custom we have assembled here to-day to pay tribute to that distinguished and illustrious son of Alabama, the late Senator John Hollis Bankhead. He lived a long and useful life; rendered valuable service to the Confederacy in the Civil War; succeeded in the busi- ness world; and then later served many terms in the House, where he rendered valuable service to his State in the opening of the Warrior River to navigation. Later the people of our State honored him again by electing him to the United States Senate. As the honored successor to John T. Morgan, he wore with distinction the senatorial toga, and during his entire service in the Senate his integ- rity, loyalty, and statesmanship were never questioned. One of his greatest achievements is the Bankhead High- way, a national asset. While I did not know the Senator intimately, except for the brief period I was with him in Washington, yet having known of him for practically all of my life I feel that I am well acquainted with his char- acter, work, and life, and therefore can speak truly of him. It has ever been the custom, Mr. Speaker, on occasions like this, to extol the virtues and praise the life, works, and character of the deceased. Perhaps the generosity of mankind in this regard is not altogether amiss, since we may draw lessons, in this solemn hour, of benefit to the living. I wish to say, Mr. Speaker, that neither words, high-sounding phrases, nor flights of oratory lend color to his character nor magnify his greatness. In this instance the naked truth suffices, and gives a real charm and a lasting glory to his name. Senator John Hollis Bankhead [1301 Address of Mr. Rainey, of Alabama needs no encomium from me. His long life of service to his country stands as an enduring monument, and nothing that I may say will add to or detract from the greatness of this splendid man. He belonged to the old school — that type of statesmanship fast passing away; strong, rugged, plain, honest, faithful to every duty, and incorruptible in his character. In the days of Julius Caesar he would have graced the Roman forum. A man of far-seeing vision, de- pendable and courageous, not of that meteoric type which illumines the heavens for a brief period and dies, but of that constant, serene type, as a planet giving out its en- during and fervid rays which light the mariner in his course and beams steadily upon the shepherd and his flock. Alabama and her people will ever gratefully re- member the honored name, and there will ever live in the hearts of her people the memory of John Hollis Bankhead. adjournment. In acordance with the resolution, at 2 o'clock and 45 minutes p. m., the House adjourned until to-morrow, Monday, January 31, 1921, at 12 o'clock noon. ^ 1131 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 014 541 607 3