P 612 .C6 M49 Copy 1 _] CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED M I N N E S OTA FIFTY CENTS THE COPY □ □ OUTLINE MAP of CLAY COUNTY, MINNESOTA /S*f8 T/SS <1> Red River Early Ohios — Clay County's Pride CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED MINNESOTA SOME FACTS showing the wonderful development of the Banner County of the Red River Valley in Minnesota Published by D. W. Meeker, Moorhead, Minnesota March, 19 16 CL CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Clay County Comes Into Her Own Hers has been the tale that wagged the entire northern part of the state. What has been accomplished in Clay county has been used to advertise other sec- tions of Minnesota and North Dakota. In this publication nothing outside the county has been given space — there is no need of it. The only need is more space — to show the advantages of this splendid county, and to record the success of the men who have developed her resources. A Frosty Morning, on the Buffalo River, North of Glyndon George M. Gunderson, the boy on the cover, is a prize-winning, twelve-year- old product of Clay county. The corn is "White Rustler and was grown by the lad in 1915. He was awarded second prize, in the ten county district in the middle western part of the state, at the First National Corn Show at St. Paul in December last. He won a trip to the State Fair on his ten ear exhibit at the Crookston show. He also won another trip to the State Fair in the State acre yield contest ; but is three years too young — so he will only make one trip to the fair this year. _ ©CI.A487388 %[ Copyright 1916 by D. W. Meeker MAR 25 1916 / CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Alfalfa in Blossom Along State Road East of Glyndon Introduction AVhen the first settlers reached Clay County they found a land of promise ; but none of them ever dreamed that it would become a land of plenty as it is now. They built their homes near the openings in the timber that bor- dered the lakes and water courses in what was then a wilderness. Their houses were built of logs and roofed with split shakes or sod. If these pioneers could see this coun- try today they would not believe it to be the same land upon which they located in the late sixties or early sev- enties. While there has been con- tinued improvement during the half century that has elapsed since the first of the settlers came, the most wonder- ful changes have been wrought dur- ing the last two decades. About twen- ty years ago there came the first break when the three state drainage ditches were dug. At that time there were vast tracts of unoccupied railroad land-grant and state school lands in all parts of the county. A law com- pelling the railroads to pay taxes on these lands was passed by the state legislature, and the land was sold and soon became productive. The first step from exclusive small grain growing to diversified farming came when a few of the farmers began to raise potatoes for eastern and south- ern seed houses. This industry start- ed in a small way; but the demand for Clay County seed potatoes in- creased so rapidly that the potato rais- ing industry has become one of the most important in this section. Many Second Growth Clover Near Rustad, September 16, 1915 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Fourth Growth Alfalfa Stack from One Cutting — Cornfield in Background farmers now grow hundreds of acres of potatoes each year. They have root cellars on their farms where the po- tatoes are stored until late in the win- ter, when shipment is made to the southern and southwestern markets. Potato cellars and shipping houses are as numerous in the cities and villages as the grain elevators. While other varieties are grown the Early Ohios, known to the trade as The success in potato growing en- couraged the Clay County farmers to further diversify their crops. In or- der to maintain the productiveness of the soil they found it would be neces- sary to use a fertilizer. This led them to engage more extensively in stock raising and dairying. The cattle and hogs must be fed, and clover was found to take kindly to the soil and to withstand the winters. Then corn Pulling Out for Work in a Potato Field on the E. D. Grant Farm "Red Rivers" or "Red River Early Ohios," are by far the leading prod- uct. The exceptionally fine quality of the Clay County potatoes has made them the standard. This is main- tained by the growers who spare no effort to keep them true to type and free from disease. growing was tried on a small scale, until acclimated seed was produced, when it became one of the leading crops. Silos began to spring up on the farms and corn cribs lined up with the granaries. Then came the alfalfa. This splen- did forage plant has been the greatest The Shocks Stand Thick in This Flax Field CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED At E. C. Schroeder Farm — Sweet Pea Hedge 300 Feet Long of the surprises to the farmers. AVhen the land is properly prepared and the soil or the seed innoculated, a good "catch" is certain. Contrary to the opinion of many, it does not winter kill here. Last year three cuttings were made on the 1914 seeding, and in many Clay County fields the fourth could have been made in safety. The yield exceeds a ton per acre for each cutting and the fourth growth remains for pasture. Woman's Sphere on the Farm Most important of the changes in rural life of recent years in Clay Coun- ty is in woman's sphere on the farm. One of the greatest drawbacks was the isolated farm and the lack of com- panionship and social intercourse en- dured by the women. Drudgery and isolation are no longer the lot of the farmers' wives in Clay County. Rural mail routes, telephones and the co-operative creamery with the Sheep Pasture— H. L. Wells' "Willowbank Farm' CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED separator on the farm have been im- portant factors. Comfortable homes with modern conveniences have helped to make life on the farm more pleas- ant. Frequent meetings of the Farm- ers' Clubs and other rural organiza- tions have helped with the social side of the farm woman's life. The unpro- tected farm buildings on the prairie have given way to the well-arranged farmstead, protected by groves of box elders and cottonwoods. Small fruits thrive in the gardens and in many in- stances apple, plum and cherry trees contribute to the table. Flowers and shrubbery have helped in a wonderful degree to make the farm home pleas- ant. Clay County Is Out of Debt The first settlers came to Clay Coun- ty in 1859 and located along the Red River on the Pembina Trail, extending north to Fort Garry, now Winnipeg. Close behind were the pioneers who reached the southeastern part of the county in 1862. The Buffalo River settlement came later, the advance guard arriving in 1870. They met and overcame all the hardships incident to pioneer life. Living in fear of Indian outbreaks, their crops devoured by grasshoppers, and with none of the conveniences and few of the comforts of life, they held on until the North- ern Pacific Railroad was built through in 1871. Many of the men found em- ployment on the construction work of the railroad, and the money they earned was a Godsend to their fam- ilies and themselves. Settlers then began to flock into the country and conditions improved rapidly in every way. Clay County was organized in April, 1872, when the first county commis- sioners were appointed. The commis- sioners appointed the first officers of the county and divided the entire county into two election districts. In October, 1879, the contract was let for the building of the first court house, which is still standing on First Ave- nue North near Eighth Street. Three years later, in September, 1882, the first contracts for the erection of the present court house and jail were let. It was necessary to issue bonds to pay for the new buildings and to build roads and make other public improve- ments. In 1896 the bonded indebted- ness of the county was $148,000.00. This included a $40,000.00 bond issue, made in 1896, to take up the floating indebtedness of the county. Since that time the county has had no float- Clay County Court House at Moorhead CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED One of the Clay County Drainage Ditches — Automobile on Grade at Left ing indebtedness and the bonded debt was gradually reduced until, on June 1, 1915, the final payment of $42,000.00 covering principal and interest was made. Clay County does not owe a single dollar of bonded or floating debt, but pays cash for everything. This con- dition of affairs is due in part to the careful management of its affairs by the county commissioners, and in part to the wonderful development of its resources during the past two decades. Drainage in Clay County During the last twenty years there have been dug in Clay County over 230 miles of state and county drainage ditches at a total cost of nearly $390,- 000. The first work was done by the state, when the Felton, Morken and "Whiskey Creek ditches were construct- ed. These ditches proved so beneficial that an extensive system of drainage was undertaken, and it is now prac- tically complete. Many farmers have Ditching Machine at Work in Kurtz Township CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Road Crew and Camp on State supplemented this work by digging lateral ditches or underdraining with tile. The ultimate outlet of all the ditches is the Red River of the North. Most of the work of recent years has been done with ditching machines, and the earth taken from the cut is leveled to form a highway grade. The fertil- ity of the lower stratas of the soil is shown by the strong growth of vegeta- tion on the tops and sides of these grades. One of the illustrations shows a "drag line" machine at work making a seven-foot cut. The capacity of the pan is two yards, and from 800 to 900 yards of earth are excavated each day. The machine moves by its own power, the pan forming the anchor and the machine moving forward as the cable is wound up. The other illustration shows one of the ditches that was dug about twelve years ago. Good Roads in Clay County Clay was one of the pioneer counties of the state in the good roads move- ment. After the passage of the Dunn Act in 1913 plans were made for con- structing an extensive system of state roads in the county, all being done by day labor with county equipment. Early in the spring of 1914 a complete New Steel and Concrete Bridge on State Road East of Moorhead CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Road Between Hitterdal and Ulen outfit of road machinery and a camp equipment were purchased at an ap- proximate cost of $15,000.00. A ma- chinery warehouse and repair shop was erected at a cost of about $1,- 800.00. The heavy machinery is stored in the warehouse and necessary re- pairs made during the winter. This equipment includes two tractors, two elevating and four push graders, con- crete mixing machinery, wheel scra- pers, automobile, three cooking cars and a complete camp outfit. Two more cooking cars are now being built for use during 1916. Beginning in 1913. a district high- way engineer was employed, working jointly for the state and county on the state and other roads. The work was continued under the supervision of the district engineer until the law was amended in 1915; and since that time has been performed by Eric Mar- tinson, road superintendent and en- gineer. During the past three years there has been expended on the state roads about $140,000.00, a large share of this amount being repaid the county by the state. This includes several bridg- es, the largest being the one over the Buffalo River on the Moorhead-Glyn- Push Grader Throwing Up Grade on State Road 10 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED jxn/f~ HBlHEfiilMriM ■ ■-'■* . m » JB & 1 &<$$£,*& *'«: *fc * ''", ■ Bridge on State Road Near Manitoba Junction don road. As shown in the two ac- companying illustrations, the bridges are of steel and concrete. One of the most important of the im- provements of the highways is the new road between Moorhead and Barnes- ville, 24 miles. Distances necessary to reach these cities have been materially shortened, as the route is diagonal. This road has been continued to the county line on the east, and laid out to the AVilkin County line on the south. The total number of miles of state roads designated in Clay County is 161. Over 62 miles of standard section earth grades have been built. Seven miles on the three roads leading into Moor- head have been graveled and turn- piked. During 1915 a total of 26 miles of grade was completed. Three steel and concrete bridges were erected — one on the Moorhead-Glyndon road across the South Buffalo — the second at the crossing of the North Buffalo east of Hawley, and the third spans the North Buffalo at Glyndon. Six concrete and steel ditch bridges were also built during the year. Plans for the work to be done dur- ing 1916 have already been adopted by the County Board, and $42,500.00 will be expended on six projects. The good roads movement is strongly sup- ported by the people of Clay County and the course of the County Commis- sioners in pushing the work meets with general approval. One hundred and fifteen samples of soil were taken from nearly every sec- tion of the county in the fall of 1915 and tested for acidity. These tests showed that the soils of Clay County contain practically no acid. They ran from neutral to alkalinity, but in no case was the alkali found to such an extent as to be detrimental to grow- ing crops. View on State Road — Averill in the Distance CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 11 Jorgen Jensen School House Schools of Clay County The people of Clay have been staunch supporters of the schools of the county since the earliest settlement. Districts Nos. 1 and 2, Glynclon and Moorhead, were organized on Febru- ary 13, 1873, each with a large area of territory. The third district formed was in Parke township, and today it has the largest enrollment of any of the rural schools of the county. The oldest school building now standing is the Jorgen Jensen school house in District No. 8. This is a fine example of the work of the pioneers, who were always proud of the fact that their district never was in debt. The manner of building this school house shows the community spirit of the early days. Each settler brought four logs to be used in building the walls. Then these logs were hewed and fitted together by the donors. To complete the building the joint note of the settlers was given as security for payment of the bill for hardware and lumber. The log walls are still in use, although they have been sided and a brick foundation has been placed un- der the building. A vestibule and bell tower have also been added. The free text book system is in force throughout the entire county. There are over 5,000 children of school age, the enrollment in the high and graded schools being 2,146; in the rural and semi-graded 2,586, and fully 300 at- tend the State Normal School at Moor- head, Concordia College and several parochial schools. There are 109 school districts in the county, five of them consolidated. Clay was one of the first counties to take advantage of the law providing for the consolidation of school districts and giving high school training. The first district formed was at Comstock, where the A'illage and two rural schools were combined in 1909. This school proved so successful that in 1912 three The Thomas McCabe School House, Southeast of Sabin 12 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Oak Mound Consolidated School House, Kragnes Township other consolidated districts were with two districts. Felton followed formed — Rustad with two districts, last year with three districts, and one Glyndon with three, and Oak Mound district each in Kurtz and Moorhead Consolidated School, Comstock CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 13 Rye Field Two Miles West of Ulen — L. Lofgren in Center townships voted to consolidate. Consolidation of the school at Hit- terdal and four of the rural schools of the neighborhood has recently been de- cided upon, and the new school house will be built next year. Growth of Clay County Banks Twenty years ago there were four banks in Clay County, and their com- bined capital and surplus was $218,- 103.01, and the aggregate deposits were $414,032.84. The number of banks has increased until there are now 17, and the capital is $740,443.46. On the same date, January 1st of the present year, the total amount on de- posit in the banks of the county had grown to $2,966,120.89— more than a seven-fold increase. During the twenty years that have elapsed the banks have paid dividends that amount to more than the banking capital of all of the banks of the coun- ty today. This tells the story of de- velopment and prosperity. Over sixty of the farmers of the county are stockholders of one or more of the banks. Here again is a change from twenty years ago. The oldest bank in the county is the First National of Moorhead, organized in August, 1881, with $50,000 capital stock. On January 1, 1896, the cap- Filling One of the Twin Silos on the E. C. Schroeder Farm 14 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Marquis Wheat and Potatoes — J. T. Johnson Farm Near Ulen ital, surplus and undivided profits ag- gregated $60,757.81 and the amount on deposit was $121,299.25. Twenty years later, on January 1, 1916, the combined capital, surplus and undi- vided profits had increased to $120,- 616.51. On the same date the amount on deposit was $482,414.50. Henry Schroeder, of Sabin, is presi- dent and A. H. Costain is cashier. Mr. Costain began work in the bank in 1895, while still a student in the Moor- head high school. He has been asso- ciated with the First National contin- uously and became cashier in 1908. Mr. Costain is also president of the Baker State Bank, and one of the di- rectors of the Sabin State Bank. The Moorhead National is the sec- ond oldest bank in the county and was organized on March 5th, 1892, with $60,000.00 capital stock. The banking capital, including surplus and undivided profits, had increased to $64,450 on January 1, 1896, and the deposits were $143,254.36. On the first of the present year the banking capital had increased to $132,058.72 and the deposits to $550,510.54. Front View of Corn Husker at Work on M. O. Valan Farm CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 15 Drying Seed Corn on the P. H. Lamb Farm — Seed Tested 97% P. H. Lamb is president and H. E. Roberts is cashier. Mr. Roberts came to Moorhead in 1898 and was employed by mercantile establishments as book- keeper. He was for eight years city clerk of Moorhead, and came to the Moorhead National in 1909 as its cashier. The First National of Barnesville was the third bank to engage in busi- ness in the county, being organized in June, 1894. The banking capital on January 1, 1896, was $57,769.86 and the deposits $44,773.92. These amounts had grown until on January 1, 1916, the banking capital was $74,912.81, and the deposits $327,047.68. Chas. R. Oliver is president and S. 0. Solum cashier. Mr. Oliver was born at Lancaster, "Wisconsin, and for sev- Filling the Big Silo on the J. P. McCarthy Farm 16 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Six Horses Hauling Husker and Two the Tank, M. 0. Valan Farm eral years was an employe of the Wil- kin County Bank, now the First Na- tional of Breckenridge. He came to Barnesville when the Barnesville State Bank was organized in 1887 and for several years did all of the work. When the bank was reorganized as the First National, in June, 1894, he became the assistant cashier. A year later he was promoted to the position of cashier, and 16 years later was ad- vanced to the position of vice-presi- dent. At the annual meeting this year he was elected president. Mr. Oliver is also president of the First State Bank of Glyndon. S. 0. Solum came to Clay County from Fillmore County in 1872. His first business experience was two years' work in a lumber yard. He started with the First National as bookkeeper and was for several years assistant cashier. For the past ten years he has been cashier. Corn Husker at Work on M. 0. Valan Farm, Kurtz Township CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 17 . '~.J*" ^■^Mi'v'^' £ •*'■'/(* *•!> ,•?>•'' Durum Wheat Field Near Ulen — J. T. Johnson Is the Man The State Bank of Hawley was the fourth of the banks of Clay County, being organized on August 1, 1892, with $16,000.00 capital stock. There was no increase in the banking capital prior to January 1, 1896, and on that date the deposits were $25,789.33. On the first of this year the banking cap- ital was $56,568.70 and the deposits $316,251.97. L. Lamberson is president; H. P. Gunderson, cashier; Hans Rushfeldt, vice-president, is one of Hawley 's old- est merchants and potato shippers. The First State Bank of Glyndon was established in 1902 with $10,000 capital. On January 1, 1916, the cap- ital amounted to $14,288.00 and the deposits were $86,176.08. N. H. Stadum came to Barnesville when only four years old. In 1890 he started with the First National Bank of that city as bookkeeper and con- tinued with that bank until September, 1902. He then removed to Glyndon to become cashier of the First State Bank — and has continued to manage its bus- iness since that date. E. F. Krabbenhoft's Fowls Are White — Even the Guineas and Pigeons 18 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED *U>- Mangel Wurzels on the E. C. Schroeder Farm The First State Bank of Moorhead was established May 1, 1903, with $25,000 capital stock, which was in- creased in October, 1915, to $60,000. On January 1, 1916, the banking cap- ital was $79,883.15 and the deposits $200,215.23. M. T. Weum, the president, was one of the organizers of the bank and has been the head of the institution from its inception. He is an old resident of Clay County, having located at George- town, where he engaged in the mercan- tile business in which he is still inter- ested, in 1883. He came to Moorhead in 1892 and was engaged in business here for ten years. From 1902 to 1907 he was in Minneapolis, still retaining his interests here. While Mr. Weum has always taken a prominent part in local affairs, the only office he has ever held has been that of a member of the Board of Education. Filling One of the Big Silos on the Huntoon Farm CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 19 Putting Up Wild Hay on One of Martin E. L. Wilk's Farms S. 0. Westberg, the cashier, came to Moorhead in 1882, and since 1894 has been associated with Mr. Weum. This association continued when the bank was organized and Mr. Westberg became one of its employes. He kept moving up and is now the cashier. The First National Bank of Ulen was organized January 1, 1904, with $25,000 capital stock. On January 1, 1916, the capital had grown to $47,- 949.09 and the deposits were $182,- 698.67. C. J. Lofgren of Ada is presi- dent and Louis Lofgren is cashier. Louis Lofgren was less than five years old when he came to the United States from Sweden in 1871. He was in busi- ness at Park River, N. D., and at Ada in the banking and milling business be- fore coming to Ulen when the bank began business. The Security State Bank of Hitter- dal was organized March 16, 1904, with $10,000 capital stock. The banking capital on January 1, 1916, was $19,- 520.51 and the deposits $49,626.28. J. Solum is president and G. Gun- derson cashier. Mr. Solum is one of Winter Rye Field West of Ulen— Man Is Six Feet Tall 20 CLAY COUNTY ILLDSTEATED Filling the Silo on the Emil Lambert Farm, Moorhead Township the pioneer business men of Hitterdal. He is proprietor of the hardware store and one of the owners of the Solum elevator. Mr. Gunderson was brought up in Clay county and for nine years was clerk in a general store. Later he was employed by the State Bank of Hawley for four years, and two years ago accepted his present position. The State Bank of Georgetown was organized May 2, 1904, with $10,000 capital stock. On January 1, 1916, the banking capital was $20,235.74 and the deposits $93,413.25. A. M. Eckman is president and Theo. S. Nelson has been cashier of the bank since its organiza- tion. Prior to coming to Georgetown he had been assistant cashier of a bank at Hendrum. He was born in Fillmore County and removed to Norman Coun- ty with his parents when three years old. . The First State Bank of Felton be- gan business August 16, 1904, with $10,000 capital stock. On January 1, 1916, the banking capital was $18,819.04 and the deposits $64,181.01. C. J. Lofgren of Ada is president and Aug. Stiening is cashier. Alfalfa and Clover Side by Side — Stack in Background CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 21 Settings of Grain Stacks on C. F. Cornell Farm Near Rustad The First National Bank of Haw- ley began business with $25,000 cap- ital stock in June, 1905. On January 1. 1916, the banking capital was $34,- 743.55 and the deposits $129,587.34. H. F. Mensing is the vice president and G. 0. Sjordal, cashier. Mr. Men- sing is an old resident of Hawley and is closely identified with the business interests of the village. He owns a fine farm adjoining the village and is also interested in other farm property. For many years he conducted an ex- tensive contracting and building busi- ness. He is president of the Hawley Lumber Company — one of the few in- dependent dealers in building material. G. O. Sjordal was born in Norway and has been a resident of Hawley since 1898. He has been engaged in the banking business for the past eight years. Mr. Sjordal is also treasurer of the Hawley Farmers' Elevator Com- pany. The Sabin State Bank was organized in March, 1906, with $10,000 capital stock. The banking capital at the be- ginning of the year was $24,500.63 and the deposits were $56,385.59. Henry Schroeder is president and L. C. Fol- lett, cashier. Mr. Follett assumed his present posi- tion early in 1914. Prior to that time he had been associated with the Dakota Trust Company of Fargo for three years. The Comstock State Bank began business in 1909 with $10,000 capital. On January 1, 1916, the capital was $15,499.15 and the deposits $57,088.49. David Askegaard is the president and Eugene Askegaard is cashier. David Askegaard was for many vears Filling Concrete Silo on the William Sprung Farm, Moland Township 22 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Early Ohio Potatoes in F. M. Rice's Root Cellar vice-president of the First National Bank of Moorheacl. He is an old set- tler and is well known as a leading farmer, grain dealer and merchant. Eugene Askegaard grew to manhood in Comstock and has been cashier of the bank since its organization. pacity for six years. When the bank was organized he became cashier and still occupies that position. The Ulen State Bank was organized in 1910 with $10,000 capital stock. On January 1, 1916, the banking capital was $14,470.53 and the deposits $130,- 295.92. L. D. Foskett of Crookston is presi- dent and H. A. Johnson is cashier. Mr. Johnson has been with the bank since its organization. He is a graduate of the law department of the University of Minnesota. Mr. Johnson is also president of the State Bank of Donald- son, Minnesota. The Citizens State Bank of Barnes- ville was organized May 31, 1911, with $25,000 capital stock. On January 1, 1916. the banking capital was $33,- 700.60 and the deposits $153,812.04. J. S. Ulland of Fergus Falls is presi- dent and W. S. Lee is cashier. Mr. Lee came to Barnesville from Elizabeth and was one of the incorporators of the bank. He had been cashier of the bank he established at Elizabeth. Prior to that time he was for five years as- sistant cashier of the First National Bank of Eagle Bend. The Dilworth State Bank began busi- ness March 1, 1910, with $15,000 cap- ital stock. On January 1, 1916, the banking capital was $20,046.31 and the deposits $46,944.44. P. H. Lamb of Moorhead is president and J. M. Manning is cashier. Joseph M. Manning was born in Wis- consin. He taught school for five years and later was employed by the North- ern Pacific Railway in a clerical ca- The Baker State Bank began busi- ness in February, 1912, with $10,000 capital. On January 1 the banking capital had increased to $12,630.42 and the deposits were $39,471.86. A. H. Costain of Moorhead is president and C. S. Pilot, cashier. Mr. Pilot has been the cashier of the bank from the time it began business. After leaving school in Moorhead he was employed by the Northern Pacific railroad, and, immediately before tak- ing up his new duties, was with the First National of Moorhead for a short time. CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 2.3 More of the Potatoes in the Same Cellar Clay County Potatoes Potato growing has become one of the leading industries of Clay County and the producers use machinery for all purposes, except cutting the seed and picking the potatoes after they have been dug. It is the general cus- tom to treat the seed by dipping in a chemical solution to kill any possible disease germs. Planting is done by machines that first drop the seed with uniform space between and the shoe or disc of the planter then completes the operation by covering the seed with about four inches of dirt. Cultivation is all done by machin- ery, the cultivators doing the work on one or two rows at the same time. When neecssary to spray for the de- struction of insects another machine, a sprayer, is used, and from four to eight rows are treated at the same time with one sprayer. Harvesting the crop brings into use another machine, the potato digger. The shovel of the digger cuts under the row and the tubers are thrown back upon the elevator which is a series of transverse bars forming an endless chain. The motion of the ma- Four Potato Planters at Work in One of Henry Schroeder's Fields 24 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED One of T. H. Skrei's Potato Fields — Yield 220 Bushels per Acre chine shakes off the dirt and drops the clean potatoes in a narrow row behind the digger. Alternate rows are dug as the horses hauling the diggers would step on the potatoes if each row were dug in succession. Picking is done by hand, the usual method being for the pickers to work in pairs each using a half bushel wire basket. When the two baskets are filled the bushel is dumped into a sack and left stand- ing in the field. These sacks are then gathered and hauled to the root cel- lars which are as common on Clay County farms as granaries and corn cribs are in other localities. The po- tatoes are then run over a sorter that separates any small ones or culls that may have been gathered by the pick- ers ; and the selected tubers then go into the piles in the cellar. As all of the potatoes grown in Clay County, not used for seed or home consump- tion, are shipped to the south and southwest for seed, they are held in the cellars until late in the winter. The temperature of the cellars is kept a few degrees above the freezing point by opening the ventilators if too warm, or heating with stoves if too cold. The illustrations of the cel- lars show the method of construction, Louis Altenbernd's Potato Warehouse and Office, Sabin CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 25 Potato Harvesting on One of the Schroeder Farms the most approved system being fol- lowed. All of the cellars of Clay County are well lighted and ventila- ted. The warehouse cellars have hollow brick walls, cement floors and the ven- tilators extend through the roofs. Be- ing dry and sanitary, they are con- sidered models by experts who have made a study of the care of potatoes during the winter. When spring comes the potatoes kept in these cellars are as firm as when stored in the fall and there is never even an indication of sprouting. The potatoes are again sorted before shipment, and packed in two bushel gunny sacks. Refrigerator cars are used in shipping to the southern mar- kets and the usual carload is 300 sacks containing 600 bushels. Potato Growers Organized Several years ago the potato grow- ers of Clay County learned that some of the dealers in the southern markets were selling potatoes grown in other parts of the country for "Red Riv- ers." To protect the growers at home and to prevent the imposition upon the producers of the south, several of the farmers and others interested in the potato industry organized the Clay County Potato Growers' Association. This association has a membership of about 100 and is supported by annual dues paid by growers, dealers and the banks. A trademark, which is shown here- with, was adopted, and registered in seventeen of the states where "Red River Ohios" are used for seed. This trademark was advertised in several Looking Across One of Henry Schroeder's Potato Fields 26 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Loading Potatoes in Refrigerator Cars at Barnesville of the publications reaching the pro- duce trade, together with the names of Clay County shipping stations and of many of the growers and dealers. Arrangements were made for printing the trademark on sacks used by mem- bers of the organization, and many of the southern seed houses request that the stock be shipped in branded sacks. These sacks are furnished to members, who pay the actual cost of printing, and no others can secure them. Deal- ers who purchase seed in branded sacks have the guarantee of the asso- ciation that they will receive genuine "Red River Early Ohios." The officers of the association are : Leslie Welter, president ; Henry Schroeder, vice-president, and E. D. Grant, secretary and treasurer. Clay County, TRADE /" UL H f% tins H Lji" Kh y yr- /*■ p ** r*~ +) v. \'i - '■ MM, ,«, Minis. MARK &H11& Three Potato Sprayers in One of Henry Schroeder's Fields CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED •27 V* v j5» *' "" % *» % M' *'*V. One of Henry Schroeder's Wheat Fields, Near Sabin Northern Potato Growers' Sales Company The Northern Potato Growers' Sales Company is an organization of pro- ducers of potatoes and other agricul- tural products, none others being eli- gible to membership. Tins company was organized in March, 1913, and incorporated in January, 1915, with headquarters at Moorhead. The pres- ent membership is 315, nearly all be- ing farmers of Clay County. Potatoes and other farm products are handled in car lots on a percentage to cover the actual cost of conducting the busi- ness. A total of 340 carloads of pota- toes and onions has been marketed by the company for its members. It is the plan of the company to further extend the business during the pres- ent year. A warehouse will be ac- quired and a full line of chemicals for treating seed for plant diseases and for exterminating bugs and other pests will be handled. The company will also carry in stock potato tools, bas- kets, sacks, field and garden seeds and feed. The officers of the company are : 0. H. Hogstad, president ; Alfred Ol- son, vice-president ; Martin W. Gee, treasurer, and E. H. Probstfield, sec- retary and manager. Ole H. Erickson Farm One and One-Half Miles Northeast of Ulen 28 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED £pg i r * / r vftf a / J I .* >. :■*# f'- County Agent P. E. Clement Caught in the Act Clay County Farm Bureau In the spring of 1913 the late Lew A. Huntoon, of Moorhead, called a meeting of bankers and business men of Clay County for the purpose of con- sidering plans for the agricultural im- provement of the county. The dis- cussions at this meeting resulted in an organization called the "Clay County Farm Bureau," having for its object the general improvement of agricul- tural conditions within its territory. That the Bureau might be properly financed at the beginning, the banks agreed that for two years the money which they would otherwise spend for calendars to be distributed among their patrons at Christmas time, should be turned into the treasury of the Bureau. These contributions amount- ed to $2,500, and with $1,000 secured from the Grain Exchanges and the funds received from the State and Federal Government have carried on the work this far and left a nice bal- ance in the treasury. The Bureau is Field on Right, Demonstration Plot on Left — White Spot is Marker CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 29 Briggs Brothers' Cornfield organized on the capital stock plan — 2,000 shares at $2.00 per share, and no person to hold more than one share. Its work is carried on by a Board of Directors and a County Agent em- ployed by the Bureau, and working in co-operation with the State Univer- sity and the United States Department of Agriculture. The present officers are : T. B. C. Evans, president; M. O. Valan, vice- president; Chas. R. Oliver, secretary; A. H. Costain, treasurer, and Henry Schroeder, H. P. Henrickson and Frank Kimm, directors. John A. Erickson's Wheat Plot In August, 1913, C. E. Brown of Elk River, Minn., was secured as County Agent, but on account of other inter- ests engaging Mr. Brown's attention, the appointment was only temporary, pending the appointment of a perma- nent agent. On December 20th of that year the present agent, P. E. Clement, arrived and took up the work of the office. rt&'Zl ■&>•£> r%*A .,.'■:•> PK«- VS ** Fourth Growth Alfalfa, N. N. Wiger Farm, Northwest of Ulen 30 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Margaret L. Lofgren, Who Won a Trip to Washington for Bread Making Since its earliest settlement. Clay County has been known for its large wheat fields. For the past twenty years the potato crop has been in- creasing in importance until at the present time it almost equals the wheat in acreage and exceeds it in number of bushels produced. The improve- ment most needed seemed to be the introduction of diversified farming with more live stock and a regular rotation of crops. The first undertak- ing of the Bureau was, therefore, a campaign to increase the acreage of corn, alfalfa and clover, and the num- ber of silos, realizing that nothing could be gained by increasing the number of live stock until better and more economical methods of feeding were adopted. Another reason for urging clover and alfalfa was to build up the sbil that had been impoverished by continued grain cropping. During 1914 the Bureau bought and sold to farmers at cost 160 bushels of alfalfa seed. The seed houses sold about 360 bushels during the same season. Prior to the spring of 1914 there were about 200 acres of alfalfa in the county; today there are about 7,000 acres. The acreage of clover has been brought up to about 17,000. The corn crop has increased by leaps and bounds. The 1910 census gives the acreage of the county as 2,000. In 1915 there were about 50,000 acres planted and in spite of very adverse weather conditions, about 800 bushels of good seed was gathered. This seed, because it ripened in such a short season, is worth thou- sands of dollars to the county. A good portion of the corn crop was used for silage in the fall of 1915, the number of silos having increased from 65 in the spring of 1914 to over 300. Clay County corn has received recognition wherever it has been exhibited. In the fall of 1913 a prize was secured in competition with the southern part Milo R. G. Skrei's Prize Corn CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED :;] One of E. C. Schroeder's Potato Fields — A Bushel in Each Sack of the state. Since then different farmers have taken sweepstakes at the Crookston Farm Crops Show and three from a possible four prizes at the First National Corn Show at St. Paul, De- cember, 1915. The boys of the Acre Yield Contest have taken eight prizes for their corn exhibits at different shows. The potato industry which has been developing during the past 20 years has been given careful attention by the Bureau. A series of demonstra- tions has been carried on to determine the effects of disease elimination and seed selection and treating seed. Sev- eral carloads of certified seed have been produced by this treatment. The matter of standardization of variety and quality is being considered by prominent growers. The part taken by Henry Schroeder in building up this industry by the continuous ex- ample of his own success in growing and marketing seed potatoes is recog- nized by all. The improvement of live stock by the use of pure bred sires is being urged and is already producing re- sults. The average number of cattle per farm is now about IS, or 10,000 for the countv. Potato House and Cellar, Huxley Farm Sociability is being promoted in the rural neighborhoods by Farmers' Clubs. There are now seventeen ac- tive clubs in the countv, all but one Potato Demonstration Plot, A. C. Huxjey Farm — Acre Yield, 363 Bushels 32 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Eight Potato Diggers and Picking Crew — One of M. 0. Valan's Fields having been organized since the fall of 1913. By way of educational fea- tures, five weeks of farmers' short courses and sixteen days of farmers' institutes have been held, and seventy- two other meetings addressed by out- side speakers. Christ Rehder's Potato Cellar The young people of the county have received their share of attention, through organized Boys' and Girls' Club work. Corn, bread baking, po- tato, and garden and canning contests have been held. One girl won the state championship in bread baking in the 1914 contest and received a free trip to Washington, D. C, as a prize. Over 100 girls completed the work of the contest both years, placing Clay County at the head of the list for the number of contestants. The plans for the contests have been completed for the coming year and the prospects are excellent for some good strong work in each of the projects. The Farm Bureau carried on dem- onstration plots with 14 farmers in 1915, to show the effects of seed selec- tion and disease elimination. The plots consisted of a number of rows — from one to six acres — through the regular field, and in cultivation were handled as a part of the field. The average increase in yield of the plots over the field was 44.4 bushels per acre. Of the potatoes from the field 90 per cent were salable while from the plots 97 per cent were salable. The accompanying picture shows the results of seed selection and disease elimination of potatoes on the stand and the size of the vines. This dem- onstration was carried on with John A. Erickson of Hawley township. The rows on the right are the regular field showing a poor stand and stunted Loading in Potatoes at E. C. Schroeder Warehouse, Watts CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 33 Four Potato Diggers and Crew of Pickers on E. C. Schroeder Farm growth. Those on the left are in the plot and show a strong and vigorous growth of vines. The plot on the A. C. Huxley farm in Alliance township, where the test was carried on by B. F. Moore, the resident manager of the farm, had a vigorous growth of vines, plainly shown in the illustration. The yield on this plot was 363 bushels to the acre. Demonstrations were also conducted by the Farm Bureau to show the re- sults of good seed grains. The accom- panying picture is one taken of a wheat plot on John A. Erickson's farm in Hawley township just as the wheat was heading out. The increase in yield on the plot was about 2% bushels per acre over that of the field. Community Picnic The Clay County Union of Farmers' Clubs arranged for a county-wide com- munity picnic which was held at Wil- lowbank Farm, near Stockwood, July 14, 1915. Fully 2,000 people enjoyed the day, coming by train, auto and team from all parts of the county, town and country being equally rep- resented. The occasion was a great success, both as a get-together meet- ing and as a holiday. No more beauti- ful spot could be found than the Wil- lowbank Farm, where the Buffalo Riv- er appears to be trying to see how many curves it can make through the wooded pastures. Just to be at lib- erty for a day in such restful sur- roundings was a treat, but the commit- tee had a full program of attractions Looking Across the Buffalo River — Part of Picnic Crowd in Sight 34 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Where the Big Community Picnic Was Held for the amusement of all. There were sports and ball games, addresses and music, and everywhere friends and neighbors to greet and visit with; and all attractions had a full audience at all times. The dinner hour was enjoyed in the usual way, congenial groups of friends gathering about their full baskets in shady spots wherever fancy dictated. A snapshot taken from the top of the 75-foot embankment of the Northern Pacific Railroad shows how the crowd disported itself over the grounds. It is the plan of the union to make this annual picnic the great day of the year for Clay County. The wealth of many Clay County farmers is estimated at from $40,000 to $200,000 each, and every dollar has been taken from the soil. Growers Four Briggs Brothers, growers, would be an appropriate name in every way for the four who are engaged in growing Part of W. R. Briggs' Greenhouses things in Clay County. Not only do they grow all sorts of things but they always strive to grow the best. If they keep on growing for a few years Watching the Ball Game at the Community Picnic CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 35 First National Corn Show Prizes Won by G. M. Gunderson B. H. Briggs R. H. Briggs longer the name Briggs will be as well known in this part of the country, as plant growers and seedsmen, as is that of Peter Henderson. William R, Briggs was the pioneer of the family. He came to Moorhead from McLean County, Illinois, in 1907, and raised garden truck the first year. The next year he built the first unit of his range of greenhouses and began •*» <£ The Briggs Floral Company's Greenhouse, Moorhead 36 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Briggs Brothers' 20 Prize Ears to raise vegetables and bedding plants for the market. It has been Mr. Briggs' plan to anticipate the growth of his business by increasing the ca- pacity of his greenhouses until he has now six units, making an acre under glass, where he produces lettuce, rad- ishes and other vegetables during the winter. As spring approaches the growing of flowers and bedding plants is begun and many varieties of these are ready to transplant as soon as the weather permits. The Briggs green- houses are the source of supply for a large part of the garden and flower plants for this section of the country. John "W. Briggs was the next of the brothers to arrive, coming in 1909. lie also engaged in the growing busi- ness and part of the time was asso- ciated with his older brother. Last summer he built the florist greenhouse, at Front and Eighth streets, and be- gan business. Already he must have more growing room ; and the present plan is to use one of the units in his brother's group of greenhouses. Flow- ering and ornamental plants and every variety of cut flowers are sold by the Briggs Floral Company, the name un- der which the business is conducted. The two younger brothers came later — Roy H. in 1910, and Benjamin H. in 1912. They wanted more grow Looking Across Field Where Briggs Brothers Grew the Prize Corn CLAY C U N T Y I L L U S T K A T E D 37 A String of Gang Plows on the Emil Lambert Farm room, so they bought the Stevens farm, about 200 acres, six miles south of Moorhead. For the past three years they have made a specialty of grow- ing seed corn and even in 1915 were successful, securing several hundreds of bushels of Minnesota No. 13 seed of excellent quality. In fact, it was so good that both the first and second prizes for this district were won by it at the First National Corn Show in St. Paul. This is more creditable when it is known that only one of the other nine counties in the district, Becker, is as far north as Clay. In the future the brothers will continue to specialize on Minnesota No. 13. They will also grow other grain for seed, the plan being to make this, as exclusively as possible, a seed farm. Pioneer Insurance Company In 1885 the farmers of Clay and three adjoining counties organized the Parke Mutual Fire Insurance Company of Rollag. This company insures farm buildings and other farm property in the towns of the southeastern part of the county and in several townships in Becker, Otter Tail and Wilkin coun- ties. At the present time the total amount of risks carried is $448,000.00, and the average cost for each $100 since the company was organized has been less than nineteen cents. The officers are: S. P. Anderson, president; C. J. Berg, secretary and treasurer: and H. O. Solum, H. Erick- son, N. O. Christianson, Ole Larson, Anton Peterson, F. L. Larson and P. Folden. directors. Tractor Pulling Twelve 14-Inch Plow Bottoms, Emil Lambert Farm 38 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Kragnes Farmers ' Elevator & Mercan- tile Company The Kragnes Farmers' Elevator & Mercantile Company has made a re- markable record since it began busi- ness in March, 1911. Beginning with $4,575.00 capital stock, held by 59 stockholders, the company purchased an elevator and coal shed located on the Great Northern Railway at Krag- nes. During the past four years the house has handled a yearly average of 173,000 bushels of grain, 530 tons of coal and a carload of Stillwater binder twine. At the end of the fiscal year, June, 1915, the company had a net surplus of $11,230.79. Up to that date $1,256.00 Fourteen Binders in a String on the had been expended in repairs and bet- terments and dividends aggregating 70 per cent had been paid. Those who are familiar with the country tributary to Kragnes and are acquainted with the thrifty farmers who constitute the management of the company will not be at all surprised to learn that this is one of the most suc- cessful farmers' elevators in the state. The officers of the corporation are : Jorgen Jensen, president ; E. J. Gorder, vice-president; John T. Holte, secre- tary; Chas. Brendemuhl, treasurer, and M. W. Gee, E. A. Kragnes and M. G. Steen, directors. H. H. Egar has been the manager of the company during the four years and Loading Bundle Wagon with Shock Loader and Threshing Scene CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 39 David Askegaard Farm, Comstock has been an important factor in ma- king the business so successful. Farmers' Insurance Company- Twenty years ago a number of Clay and Wilkin county farmers organized the Comstock and Holy Cross Farm- ers' Mutual Fire Insurance Company. As the records covering the first five years were destroyed, only those of the last 15 years are available to show what has been accomplished. In 1901 the company had 253 policies in force, and in 1915 the number was 1,266. The total amount of insurance in force in 1901 was $346,302.00, and this had increased in 1915 to $2,922,744.00. During the 15 years the company paid losses aggregating $24,055.84. To pay these losses and the expenses of con- ducting business nine assessments, ag- gregating 16 mills, were levied during the past fifteen years. No assessments were levied during the other six years. This shows not only care in accept- ing risks, but is an assurance of con- servative and economical management. Only farm property is insured by the company. The present officers are : A. H. Hicks, president; H. O. Krabbenhoft, vice-president; E. M. Askegaard, sec- retary; Christian F. Kehder. treas- urer, and Jorgen Jensen and John Holecek, directors. David Askegaard Farm, Comstock 40 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Home of Julius T. Lunder Near Dale, Highland Grove Township This illustration shows the farm home of Julius T. Lunder, one mile north of Dale in Highland Grove town- ship. Mr. Lunder came to Minnesota from Norway with his parents when he was only three years old. The family located the homestead which is the farm now owned by Mr. Lunder. A part of the original log house is included in the present dwelling. Mr. Lunder diversifies his crops and is an extensive grower of potatoes. He has one of the finest and most convenient potato cellars in the county. It is built in the hillside ; the walls and floor are of cement, and the exposure is to the south. To the east and south of the farm buildings is a twelve-acre patch of alfalfa from which two cut- tings were made the first year. William Sprung was born in Ger- many and came to the United States with his parents when a child. The family settled in Iowa and in 1892 moved to Clay County, locating in Moland township where they pur- chased a half section farm. This is the farm now operated by Mr. Sprung and it is practically all under culti- vation, 30 acres being reserved for pasture. Mr. Sprung has made a suc- cess of corn growing, and one of the illustrations shows the crew at work Homelike Scene on the Farm of William Sprung, Moland Township CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED H Farm Residence of Herbran Erickson, Tansem Township filling his big silo. The cattle raised on the Sprung farm are grade short- horns and the herd sire is a thorough- bred bull. The farm is near to three markets and the shipping point for potatoes, which are grown extensively by Mr. Sprung, is Watts, only four miles distant. Herbran Erickson is one of the old settlers of Tansem township, having resided there since June, 1871, when he arrived with his parents from Win- nishek County, Iowa. Mr. Erickson owns and operates a 300-acre farm in section three, the land adjoining the homestead taken by his father in the early seventies. Corn and stock have become the leading products of Mr. Erickson 's farm and he turns off sev- eral carloads of steers each year, most- ly Herefords. Mr. Erickson holds the record as a school officer, having served continuously as clerk of his district for 33 years. He also served as a mem- ber of the town board and for 15 years was chairman. At Herbran Erickson's, Tansem Percheron Sire on E. D. Grant Farm 42 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Part of Buildings on Prindle Farm, Kragnes Township Fred H. Kuehl is one of the pros- perous young farmers of Glyndon township. The farmstead is located in a fine grove near the center of his quarter-section farm. The large, mod- ern house and ample barns and other buildings are conveniently grouped. Mr. Kuehl's house is equipped with the conveniences of a city home, in- cluding running water supplied by a pressure tank and a bath room, the septic tank system of sewage being employed. It is lighted throughout by a local Blau Gas plant. The nearest market is Sabin and the potato ship- ping station, Watts, each distant about three miles from the Kuehl farm. The accompanying illustration shows the home buildings on the Prindle farm in Kragnes township. It was. formerly known as the Douglas Farm and nearly 1,300 acres are included in this tract. Diversified farming, with hog raising as a specialty, is the rule on the Prindle farm. It is located on both sides of the Buffalo River and is on the Moorhead-Georgetown State Road. Douglas Siding, a Great North- ern shipping point, is located on the farm, and the nearest market is Georgetown, two miles north. Thomas McCabe was one of the early settlers of Elmwood township and is Modern Buildings on Fred H. Kuehl Farm, Glyndon Township CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 43 Thomas McCabe Farmstead, Elmwood Township one of the most prosperous farmers of that section of the county. He came in 1880, and purchased what is still the home farm three years later. Mr. McCabe is a believer in diversified farming and keeps his land under a high state of cultivation. He raises grade shorthorns and turns off a num- ber of head of fat stock each year. Every fall his potato cellar is filled and he markets several carloads of Early Ohios in the early spring. Mr. McCabe 's fine home is a model of comfort and convenience. The bath and bed rooms have runninsr water throughout supplied from a 190-barrel cistern by means of a pressure tank. The house, barns and yard are lighted by electricity furnished by a 65-light storage battery plant. Mr. McCabe is interested in both the banks of his neighborhood, being a stockholder in both the Baker and Sabin banks. When Gustave 0. Lee came to Clay County from Houston County with his parents in 1871 he was only six years old. Two years later his father, Ole G. Lee, died leaving his widow and son his 190-acre farm in sections 7 and "Lee Farm" — Home of Gustav 0. Lee, Moland Township 44 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Rasmus A. Rice's Well-Arranged Farmstead, Oakport Township 8 in Moland township. This fine farm is located on the east bank of the Buffalo. The farmstead is in a bend of the river and is well sheltered on the north and west by a natural grove of trees. In the right foreground of the illustration of the "Lee Farm" will be seen part of a six-acre plot of alfalfa from which two crops had al- ready been cut during 1915. Rasmus A. Rice believes in keeping up the land the same as it was when the first crop was raised. This he does by following the improved meth- ods of cultivation. Clover is one of his best assistants and he plans to keep about 20 acres of his quarter section farm producing this forage crop and fertility restorer. He has begun rais- ing alfalfa and has a four-acre patch with an excellent catch. When Mr. Rice bought his farm there were no buildings and only a few small trees. Something of what he has accom- plished may be judged by the picture of his farm buildings surrounded by a grove of sturdy trees. Mr. Rice came from Walsh County, N. D., in the fall of 1898 and purchased the Rasmusson farm in Section 22 of Oak- port township. This fine farm, located in Moland township, four miles northwest of Glyndon, is the property of J. W. Dairy Herd on Huntoon Farm, South of Moorhead CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 45 Farmstead on J. W. Greer Farm in Moland Township Near Glyndon Greer, and is devoted exclusively to stock raising and growing clover, corn and alfalfa. Over fifty head of cattle and a like number of hogs, besides other stock, are already on the farm. All of the buildings in the farmstead were erected during the summer of 1914. Mr. Greer came to Clay County from Plymouth County, Iowa, in 1903. At that time he found Clay County land selling at half the price charged for farms in his home state. He also found that the net income per acre is larger here than from the high priced Iowa lands. The natural result was that Mr. Greer soon became the owner of Clay County land. Since early in the fall of 1914 Peter Jacobs and family, all lovers of ani- mals and practical stock growers, have managed the Greer farm on the co- operative plan. John I. Smith, a native of Ontario, Canada, came to Minnesota in the fall of 1879, locating in the southwestern part of Clay County. In 1890 Mr. Smith moved upon what is now his Part of John I. Smith's Farmstead, Rustad 46 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED "Bona Grain and Stock Farm" — Home of C. F. Render, Alliance Township home farm at Rustad, the buildings being shown in the accompanying il- lustration. Mr. Smith also owns and farms another quarter section one mile east of the home farm in Kurtz town- ship. Since locating at Rustad, Mr. Smith has taken an active part in all public affairs and is now chairman of the town board and a member of the school board of the consolidated dis- trict at Rustad. Christian F. Rehder is the owner of the "Bona Grain and Stock Farm" in Alliance township. Mr. Rehder came to the United States from Ger- many in 1881, locating in Iowa. Three years later he came to Clay County and homesteaded where his home is still located. He now owns and farms 560 acres, raising grain, corn, potatoes and cattle. His patch of alfalfa was the first seeded in that neighborhood, and several cuttings have been made from the fine stand of this crop. The farm buildings show that Mr. Rehder is a progressive as well as prosperous farmer. Mr. Rehder has taken a prom- inent part in the affairs of his locality and has been for many years chairman of the town board. He is vice presi- dent of the Comstock State Bank and treasurer of the Comstock and Holy Cross Farmers' Mutual Fire Insurance Company. Mr. Rehder had only twenty-five cents, one mark, expense money, when he left Hamburg for America. He had a ticket to Davenport, Iowa, one extra suit of clothes and a pair of boots. Upon reaching New York he met a cousin, who had arrived on another ship ; but he landed at New York with one lone mark in his pocket. Tractor Pulling Three Eight-Foot Cut Binders CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 47 Farmstead of Heimark Farm, Goose Prairie Township The farmstead shown herewith is on what is known locally as the Heimark farm of 480 acres, located in Goose Prairie township, two and one-half miles southwest of Ulen. It is a choice piece of land, slightly rolling, and has a fine set of buildings. Nearly all of the land is under cultivation and the growing of seed potatoes is a specialty. Corn and clover are grown extensive- ly, the balance of the farm being given over to the production of small grains. The farm is the property of J. L. and J. H. Erickson and is managed by I. G. Peterson. J. W. Iliggins and Julius Aske are two former business men who are now engaged in farming. They purchased 600 acres of choice land along the Red River, five miles south of Moorhead, and are making it one of the finest farms in the county. They will en- gage extensively in stock raising and growing general farm products. There are now upon the farm several hun- dred head of Duroc-Jersey hogs and a large number of well-bred cattle. Last fall a mammoth barn, 40x120 feet in dimension, and twin silos were erected. The illustration shows the New Barn on Farm of J. W. Higgins and Julius Aske, South of Moorhead 48 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED General View of the Buildings on E. D. Grant Farm barn under construction, and the five workmen on the roof look like flies upon a window pane. In the fore- ground of the picture are three of the young cattle. Eugene D. Grant is one of the pro- gressive farmers of Clay County, who is always found working in the front rank in all things along the line of agricultural development. Mr. Grant was born in Michigan and came to Minnesota with his parents in 1877. They located at Duluth and four years later moved to Clay County. In 1893 Mr. Grant began farming on his own account, and now has 1,400 acres un- der cultivation at the home farm in Glyndon township, and a quarter sec- tion in Riverton township, making a total of 1,600 acres. He is an exten- sive grower of potatoes, having in- creased his acreage of ten in 1893 to 320, which has been the size of his patch each of the past five years. Seven years ago Mr. Grant began to raise alfalfa and last year cut the crop from eighty acres. Red clover is another of Mr. Grant's favorite crops, and he was one of the first of the Clay County farmers to test it out. Now it is a feature of his crop rota- Elevator Where Grain Is Stored, Cleaned and Ground on the E. D. Grant Farm CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 49 Loading in Potatoes at the Big Cellar on the E. D. Grant Farm tion plan, for his rule for the past ten years has been to make two cut- tings on 240 acres. Corn is another spoke in the crop rotation wheel and the illustrations show the silo Mr. Grant built this year. He believes that alfalfa hay and silage are the best and cheapest feed for cattle and his stock consume vast quantities of for- age. There were 103 head of full blood and grade shorthorns on the farm when this article was written, 49 head of Percheron horses and a fine bunch of hogs — Yorkshire sows crossed with Berkshire boars. The practice on the Grant farm is to turn the calves only enough milk being saved for use and cows out together twice a day — on the farm. The calves are given all they will eat and each year about fifty of them are sold, when eighteen months old, for baby beef when they command the top price in the market. Practically all of the grain sold from the farm is used for seed. It is thor- oughly cleaned in the elevator, which is equipped with the best of machinery for the purpose. The screenings go into the feed bin and everything is ground — no whole grain being fed on the Grant farm. The potato industry, however, is the feature of Mr. Grant's business. In 1911 he raised over 40.000 bushels of Early Ohios and Triumphs. For the past eight years he has also handled potatoes for other growers — one year shipping a total of 203 carloads, mak- ing about 122,000 bushels. The root cellar on the home farm has a capacity of 12,000 bushels ; but the bulk of the crop is hauled from the field to the cellar and warehouse at Watts, one and one-half miles distant. Both of the cellars are equipped with elevators and other appliances for the economi- cal handling of potatoes. The buildings on the Grant farm constitute a small village with nothing lacking, even the ring of the anvil in the village smithy. Mr. Grant was one of the organizers of the Clay County Potato Growers' Association and has been its only sec- retary. Ludvig Walker is one of the old set- tlers of Kurtz township. In 1878 Mr. Walker came up from Wisconsin, where he had been engaged on rail- road and other contract work, and bought land along the Red River where his farm is still located. That fall he broke up part of the land so it would be ready for seeding in the spring. Early in 1879 he came to lo- cate, and brought along several head of horses and a supply of feed. He bought machinery in Moorhead, put in his crop and began the erection of his first set of buildings. Mr. Walker now owns a section of fine land in Kurtz township. There are 240 acres in the home farm, and two other tracts, one of 240 acres and the other 160 acres. The usual acreage of potatoes on the 50 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Ludvig Walker's Residence, on the Red River, Kurtz Township Walker farm is 100, and corn and tame hay are raised as well as grain. Mr. Walker was a member of the town board when Kurtz and Holy Cross were one municipality, and was one of the leaders in the movement to organize his home township. He was also a member of the school board when Kurtz township was included in the Moorhead district. After the dis- trict was divided he continued as a member of the local board until the consolidated district at Rustad was formed. Mr. Walker has other inter- ests besides farming and among them is a block of the stock of the First State Bank of Moorhead. Not many years ago there existed anything but friendly relations be- tween the farmers and bankers. Now all this is changed and the farmers are among the leading stockholders of the banks of the county. Some of Ludvig Walker's Horses — Himself in Right Foreground CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 51 Peter Lamb Farmstead, Oakport Township The accompanying illustration shows the Peter Lamb farmstead, in Oakport township, three miles north of Moor- head. Nearly all of the farm is now under cultivation, about eighty acres of the timber land having been cleared up recently. The larger stumps are blasted, and the smaller ones and the brush are torn out with a huge tractor plow. For the past five years Mr. Lamb's sons — Owen, Michael and Patrick — have had the active management of the farm, the business being conducted under the name Peter Lamb & Sons. In addition to the home farm of 240 acres the firm cultivates about 800 acres of leased land. Practically all of the plowing is done with gang plows hauled by a tractor engine. After har- vest this engine forms part of the threshing outfit. There are now near- ly 150 head of red polls on the farm and next year one of the best bulls in the state will be added to the herd. The Lambs are extensive growers of H. J. McCarthy's Corn Field, Near Glyndon 52 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED The Frank Kimm Farmstead in Oakport Township potatoes and corn, and even in 1915 secured enough seed corn for this year. They also have a fifteen-acre patch of alfalfa that was sowed with barley as a nurse crop. The Lamb farm is located in one of the bends of the Red River and the buildings are sheltered by a heavy growth of natural timber. Numerous groves of wild plum trees and thickets of wild raspberries are found iu the openings among the trees. Frank Kimm was born in Iowa and was only a little chap when his par- ents removed to Blue Earth County, Minnesota. In 1893 Mr. Kimm came to Clay County and engaged in farm- ing, being for several years manager of the Benedict farms. His home farm is 480 acres, in Oakport township, and he operates a total of 1,300 acres each year. Mr. Kimm is one of the pro- gressive farmers of the county, being among the first to grow potatoes, corn, clover and alfalfa. He has a beautiful 30 acre field of alfalfa adjoining his farmstead on the east. Mr. Kimm has a dairy herd of thirty Guernsey grades, many of them three- fourths full blood. He is breeding up and has recently purchased Major Dawn, 34,109, to head the family. This handsome bull is three years old and is a grandson of C'yrene d' Or, 3,977 F. S., an Island cow with an excep- tional butter fat record. Beef cattle are also raised on the Kimm farm and there are about 55 in the herd. After serving many years on the township board Mr. Kimm was chosen to fill the vacancy on the county board occasioned by the death of Capt. Rob- ert Richards. He was later elected for a full term and is now serving his fourth year as county commissioner. Major Dawn, Registered Guernsey, Frank Kimm Farm L. S. Thorn is a native of Illinois, who came to Clay County from Knox County in the state well versed in diversified farming. In 1911 he pur- chased the Curtis Farm, 280 acres, in Oakport township, one mile north of the Clay County court house in Moor- head. Mr. Thorn is building up a dairy herd and making a specialty of dairying and stock raising. He has about 45 head of Holstein and Short- CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 53 On the L. S. Thorn Farm— The Big Silo Peeping Over the Barn horn grades with a registered Holstein bull as the herd sire. His preference in swine is the large type of Poland- Chinas. Mr. Thorn built his silo in 1911 and has raised corn every year since com- ing to Clay County. Last year he cut the crops from 160 acres of clover, and in the fall, began breaking 80 acres of clover sod, plowing eight inches deep and using eight horses on a gang. Mr. Thom is well pleased with the results of his five acre experiment- al plot of alfalfa and next season will materially increase the acreage. Po- tatoes and small grains are also stand- ard crops on the Thom farm. The fine set of buildings, with a grove on the north and west, are shown in the picture of the farmstead. F. M. Rice was an experienced farmer when he came to Clay County from Knox County, Illinois. It is five years since he bought the Nye farm and began to make it among the best in Moland township. One of the illus- trations shows Mr. Rice and his little daughter in his root cellar — it also shows some of the finest potatoes grown in 1915. Potatoes are grown quite extensively on Mr. Rice's half section farm. He usually raises about 60 acres of Minnesota No. 13 corn and this season will seed 20 acres to al- falfa. His herd of cattle are grade shorthorns with a registered bull as sire. Mr. Rice has made numerous im- provements on the farm since he pur- chased it and now has a fine set of Looking Backward — F. M. Rice Farm, Moland Township 54 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Homelike Farm Yard Scene and Residence farm buildings. He paid $55.00 per acre for the farm, and it is doubtful if an offer of double that amount would be an inducement for him to part with it now. The nearest shipping point is Watts, five miles, and the market is Moor- head, ten miles distant. One who looks at the pictures of the home and farm buildings of Charles Fossay would know at a glance that here is comfort and con- tentment. They are located in a grove of native oak ten miles north of Moor- head in Oakport township. Mr. Fos- say practices diversified farming and nearly all of the 200 acres included in the farm are under the plow. He has a fair sized herd of shorthorns and is gradually increasing the number. While last year was a hard one for corn growers, Mr. Fossay had mature corn and has plenty of seed for this year. He also grows potatoes extens- ively and always has clean, smooth stock. His trial patch of alfalfa has convinced him of the value of this crop and he expects to materially in- crease the acreage this year. The Fossay farm is a near neighbor to the Oakmound Consolidated School, and several of the teachers make it their home during the school year. Krag- nes, two miles to the east, is the near- est shipping point. Wheat Field Near Ulen— Don't Try to Count the Shocks CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 55 of Charles Fossay, Kragnes Township The "James Farm," owned by Hu- go Bachenheimer of Moorhead, is a fine half-section tract in Oakport township, five miles north of the coun- ty seat. Many improvements have been made on the farm, some of them being shown in the illustration of the farmstead. Modern, intensified meth- ods are employed on the James Farm, and stock raising and dairying will be made leading features of the farming operations. The present acreage of alfalfa (20) will be increased next year and about 20 acres will be seed- ed to clover. A good sized patch of corn will be raised this year and a silo will be added to the building equip- ment. William and Andrew Krabbenhoft, two young farmers from the Sabin neighborhood, are the resident man- agers of the farm. Oakport and Kragnes Telephone Company The Oakport and Kragnes Telephone Company is a mutual organization that began business in 1908. Each share holder paid into the treasury $50.00 and later paid an assessment of $10.00 to complete the construction of the company's lines. The average annual The "James Farm" on Oakport Township, Owned by H. Bachenheimer 56 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Home of Jorgen Jensen, One of the Buffalo River Pioneers expense has been $12.00 for each of the fifty-five subscribers. This includes connection with the lines of the North- western Telephone Company at Moor- head, with no additional charge for local service. Formerly the North- western Telephone Company owned all of the instruments and received $9.00 per year for each phone in use. Since April, 1914, the local company has owned the instruments and the cost of connection was then reduced to $6.00 per year for each phone. The officers of the company are : Victor Johnson, president ; M. G. Steen, secretary, and N. J. Ness, treasurer. "Not a single load of straw has been burned on any farm since I have owned it," was the startling statement made by Jorgen Jensen. It helps to explain why the Jensen farm produced a train- load of stock, potatoes, grain and other products in 1914. He has kept up the land by raising stock and growing di- versified crops. Today the soil is as fertile as when the first crop was raised. Mr. Jensen was the pioneer breede: of Holstein cattle in Clay County. H< owned full-blood stock and alway: kept a registered sire. He raised Hoi steins because he liked the breed; anc this is natural, for Mr. Jensen was bon in Schleswig-Holstein of Danish par ents. He came to America with nil parents in 1870 and settled on the Buf falo River in Clay County. Mr. Jensen is one of the big men o: Clay County, and has done much to aic in developing its resources and to pro mote the things that are worth while He is president of the Kragnes Farm crs' Elevator & Mercantile Co., a di rector of the First State Bank of Moor head and of the Comstock & Holy Cross Farmers' Insurance Company. In 1886 he was elected sheriff of th( county and served two terms. He was elected to the Minnesota Legislature ii 1890. but the fusionists, who controllec the House, refused to seat him, as h( was a Republican. Looking across Swede Grove Lak< one may see the fine set of building! CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 57 Looking Across Swede Grove Lake — Mensing and Johnson Farm in Distance on the 400 acre farm that lies along its shores. Much of the land has been broken up by the new owners, H. F. Mensing and D. G. Johnson, of Haw- ley. Corn, potatoes and grain are the principal crops and a five-acre trial patch of alfalfa has proven successful. The farm is in Highland Grove town- ship, two and one-half miles southeast of Hitterdal. Rollag Telephone Company The Rollag Telephone Company was organized by eight eastern Clay Coun- ty farmers in April, 1904, and the net- work of lines now covers the entire eastern part of Clay and extends into Becker and Otter Tail counties. Exchanges are maintained by the com- pany at Rollag and Hitterdal, and con- nections are made with trunk lines and local exchanges at Hawley, Barnesville and other points. At Dale the Lake Park system, covering a large part of Becker County, is met by the company's lines. Since the first lines were installed there has been continual improvement until the system now ranks with the best in the state. There are 308 sub- scribers on the 398 miles of lines, ex- clusive of the hundreds of patrons of other lines in the cities and villages with which direct connections are maintained. The authorized capital of the com- pany is $25,000 and the actual work- ing capital has been $10,870.00. It has been a paying institution from the start; and, with the exception of one year, annual dividends of eight per cent have been paid. The company has a good working surplus in the treasury ; and this year decided to set aside five per cent of the gross earn- ings as a sinking fund to provide for any emergencies that may arise. The present officers are : H. M. Tang, pres- ident; Herbran Erickson, vice presi- dent and A. L. Ruud, secretary and treasurer. Scene on the Mensing and Johnson Farm, Highland Grove Township 58 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Theodor H. Skrei's Farmstead — as Well Kept as a Park Theodor H. Skrei was the first white child born in the Buffalo River Set- tlement and is a fine example of the home grown product. He began farm- ing on his own account 24 years ago when he came of age. His parents came to Clay county in 1870 and locat- ed a homestead, now a part of Mr. Skrei's farm. He now owns 400 acres and crops about 100 acres additional of rented land each year. No farmer in ( 'lay county keeps his land in better condition or is more systematic in ro- tating his crops. In many respects the Skrei farm is a model. The farmstead is well arranged and beautifully kept. Every modern con- venience is found in the fine home — hot water heat, gas light, artesian and soft water throughout, with drainage by sewer to the river. Flowers, shrub- bery and a well-kept lawn add to the attractiveness of this home. Mr. Skrei has the foundation for a fine Holstein herd. He already owns many head of the best strains of reg- istered stock of these handsome cattle. The Skrei herd includes several prize winners and is one of the best in this part of the country. Mr. Skrei is also a breeder of full-blood Duroc-Jersey swine. Harvesting Potatoes on T. H. Skrei's Farm, Moland Township CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 5!> New Buildings on the Gilbert Kassenborg Farm, Moland Township He is one of the leading potato grow- ers of the county and always produces clean stock. One of the illustrations shows a field that averaged 220 bush- els — the seed was selected, and the per- centage of culls was very small. An- other illustration shows the potato har- vesting crew at work, with the potato house in the background. Storage ca- pacity for 5,000 bushels is provided by the basement. The driveway extends through the house, and sacked potatoes are elevated to the height of the wag- ons for convenient loading. Mr. Skrei will cut the crop from over 40 acres of alfalfa this season and will pasture about 15 acres more. He plowed under 30 acres of alfalfa sod last fall, and his rotation plan pro- vides for turning under 40 acres of alfalfa stubble each year. Mr. Skrei raises corn extensively as well as grain. Milo R. G. Skrei, the oldest son, has started as a farmer. A picture shows the ten ears of 1914 corn on which he won one of the Minnesota State Fair prizes in the boys' contest. Gilbert Kassenborg is one of the sec- ond generation of the old settlers of the county, the family having come from Houston County in 1872 and set- tled on the Buffalo River. The illus- tration shows the buildings Mr. Kas- senborg has erected on his 260-acre farm during the past two years. He also farms 240 acres belonging to his father's estate, making about 450 acres under cultivation, the balance being timber and pasture. Mr. Kassenborg grows corn quite extensively, and even last year saved over 50 bushels of seed. He has plenty of fair ear corn, besides filling his big silo. Last year he seeded 12 acres to alfalfa. He raises Shorthorn cattle, principally for beef. Mr. Kassenborg also has interests in Moorhead, and, among other things, has invested some of his surplus capital in the stock of the First State Bank. Kragnes, five miles west, is the near- est market point, and the distance to Moorhead is nine miles. John F. Begge Farm, Moland Township — William Lang, Manager, Moorhead 60 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Otto J. Grover's Farm as It Appears from the Northeast Otto J. Grover is one of the leaders in diversified farming. His farm con- tains 478 acres, and of this 70 acres are timbered and used for pasture. He has 30 acres seeded to alfalfa and 35 to clover and timothy. Each year he plants 50 acres of corn and has been a successful grower of seed. Potatoes are one of the leading crops ; and, on the balance of the farm, wheat, oats and barley are raised. Mr. Grover has already laid about 300 rods of 6-inch tile and is so well pleased with the results that he ex- pects to continue until every low spot on his farm is under-drained. He has excellent outlets — the Buffalo River and a ditch on the north 12 feet deep. The Grover herd of 37 pure-bred Holstein-Friesian cattle is one of the Sir Pietertje Ormsby Mercedes 22nd, Sire of Otto J. Grover's Herd CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED ill Coming Up the Driveway on the Otto J. Grover Farm best in this part of the country. Sir Pietertje Ormsby Mercedes 22nd is the grand bull that heads the herd. He is a son of the senior sire of the E. C. Schroeder herd, Sir Pietertje Ormsby Mercedes, and his dam is Riverview Fytje De Kol Ormsby. with a state rec- ord of 1.070.75 pounds of butter and 26,134 pounds of milk in one year. The illustrations show the 2,400-pound sire and part of the rest of the herd. Mr. Grover 's beautiful farmstead is located on the east bank of the Buffalo River and is most conveniently ar- Registered Holstein Cattle — Part of Otto J. Grover's Herd 62 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED "Clear View Farm" — Emil Lambert's Home ranged. All of the buildings are light- ed by electricity, and in the house the power is used for several other pur- poses. The house is also equipped with many other modern conveniences. Emil Lambert is one of the progres- sive farmers of Moorhead township who has always been too busy to find a wife. He came to Clay County with his uncle in 1884. At that time land was cheap and his uncle bought what is now Mr. Lambert's home farm for $7.00 per acre. Later another quarter section was purchased for $12.50, and for the last quarter of the three-quar- ter section farm $45.00 per acre was paid. Mr. Lambert has a herd of grade cattle with a registered bull at the head. He also raises thoroughbred Poland-China hogs and believes that hogs in alfalfa are better than pigs in clover, so he has fenced a seven-acre patch for a hog pasture. The usual acreage of potatoes is 100 and it is one of Mr. Lambert's practices to plow un- der the clover before planting pota- toes. The illustrations show the farmstead, silo filling scene, big tractor pulling 12- bottom plow outfit and five gang plows at work. Mr. Lambert's threshing outfit in- cludes a portable grain elevator — a great labor saver in transferring grain from tank wagons to granaries, or in loading ears. Bon Ton II.. Mr. Lambert's black Percheron stallion, is one of the lead- ing sires in the western part of the county. A cut of the head and neck of this fine animal appears on the last cover page. Portable Elevator Loading from Grain Tank to Elevator, Emil Lambert Farm Cheap Telephone Service The Buffalo River Telephone Com- pany furnishes service to its 45 sub- scribers at $9.00 per year, which in- cludes $6.00 terminal connection for each 'phone in use. At the time of beginning business, eight years ago, each shareholder contributed $40.00 mikI subsequently paid an assessment of $15.00 to purchase the line forming the connecting link to the terminal. The company has no surplus and has no debts — the $3.00 above the terminal charge covering the expense of mainte- nance on the 30 miles of lines. B. J. Gunderson is president ; Gun- der O. Lee, secretary and treasurer,, and A. T. Grover, manager. CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 63 Residence of Frank W. Janneck, Near Barnesville Frank W. Janneck has made a suc- cess of diversified farming and the il- lustrations show the fine home and buildings on his farm in Humboldt township, one and one-half miles north of Barnesville. Dairying is the lead- ing industry and Mr. Janneck 's check at the Barnesville Co-operative cream- ery is never a small one. Mr. Janneck has ten acres of alfalfa, 15 acres of clover; and each year raises a good sized field of corn. He keeps his land under a high state of cultivation and, when there is no work on the farm, keeps his teams busy hauling manure from Barnesville. Mr. Janneck 's father came to Clay County in 1887 and took a homestead. Since 1902 the present owner has op- erated the farm on his own account Farmyard of Frank W. Janneck, Humboldt Township 64 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 1 * mEm I { ' ':. * ' W » ^> h- ^ m „ i .1 ffflfW /v^ ■ fri || jiff I f@ll /Oj mf **•*. upp 1 • *?£ til " ■ il* James Peterson's Farmstead, Elmwood Township and has more than doubled the acre- age. It is a pleasure to visit a farm that is so well kept and homelike in every way. It is safe to predict that many farmers will make their farm homes as attractive as Mr. Janneck has made his farmstead. James Peterson, now a prosperous Elmwood township farmer, was for many years engaged in the draying business in Moorhead. In the spring of 1910 he purchased the quarter sec- tion where his home buildings are now located. He moved on the farm and got busy. He was accustomed to hard work and did not form any new habits on the farm. The reward of his labor was plentiful crops, and another 80 acres was added to the farm. Now Mr. Peterson owns 400 acres of as good land as lies out of doors. At the be- ginning of the present winter he had 4,000 bushels of Early Ohio potatoes in his root cellar and all the grain he raised last year in his granary, except what he sold to pay his threshing bill. P.H. Lamb came to Moorhead in 1872 from Knox County, Missouri. He did teaming, conducted a brick yard and built several buildings. In 1877 he began to operate his farm in Oakport township, but always resided in Moor- Buildings on P. H. Lamb Farm, Oakport Township CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 65 Farm Home of William H. Ferris, Elmwood Township, South of Sabin head. He has always been looking for the new things in agriculture and was ever one of the first to test anything that promised improvement. He has rented the larger part of his farm and is now practicing intensified farming on 65 acres. He has raised alfalfa for the past five years and considers it one of the most valuable crops the farmers can raise. He grows several acres of sweet corn each year for the Remington Packing Company of Moor- head. One of the illustrations shows seed corn drying on the front of Mr. Lamb's granary — it tested 96 per cent. Mr. Lamb has been president of the Moorhead National Bank since 1893. He was one of the incorporators of the Dilworth State Bank and has been its only president. W. H. Ferris came to Clay county 35 years ago and today is one of those who can afford to take life easy. No one who knows Mr. Ferris, however, would accuse him of loafing on the job. He is a native of Ireland, County Down, and lived on one of the Thou- sand Islands in the St. Lawrence river before coming to Minnesota. He lo- cated a homestead in Elmwood town- ship and chopped wood along the Red River several winters. With the money he earned working out he bought more land in Wilkin county. Now he owns over 1,000 acres of the best land in the Red River Valley — 560 acres in Clay and 480 in Wilkin county. Mr. Ferris' farmstead, three miles southeast of Sabin, is one of the land- marks of that section. His big house is nearly surrounded by a fine grove of trees and the barns and outbuild- ings are conveniently located to the south. The house is modern in every way — the illustration shows the west side and rear. Potato growing, general farming and stock raising are the rule on the Ferris farm. When winter closed down there were 8,000 bushels of seed potatoes in the root cellar to be sold in the spring. Rustad Farmers' Elevator The Farmers' Elevator & Trading Company of Rustad was organized in July, 1913, with eighteen farmers as stockholders. Elevator property, val- ued at $4,800 is owned by this company and a $1,500 surplus was on hand on the first of the year. The officers are : M. O. Valan, pres- ident; Louis Miller, vice president; Sam Rustad, secretary, and Even Cor- neliussen, treasurer. CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Hog House 120x24 Feet on M. 0. Valan Farm Malkar 0. Valan has made wonder- ful progress as a farmer, potato grow- er and stock raiser since he began farming in Clay County. He now owns 1,600 acres of choice land in Clay Countv and a half section farm in Cass County, North Dakota. In 1889 Mr. Valan arrived from Norway and for three years was foreman on the Elm- wood Farm. When this farm was bro- ken up he bought 960 acres at $25 — on the crop payment plan. His other holdings have been acquired since, the last purchase being made last fall. Mr. Valan is one of the heavy grow- ers and shippers of potatoes of the county. In 1913 he harvested 64,000 bushels from 700 acres. He has a 36,000-bushel root cellar on the farm, and is joint owner with Louis Alten- bernd in a 20,000-bushel cellar and warehouse on the Great Northern track at Rustad. On another page is a potato harvesting scene showing Interior of M. 0. Valan's Mammoth Hog House CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 67 Duroc-Jersey Boar— Weight 800 Pounds— M. 0. Valan Farm eight diggers and the picking crew. Corn is another of the crops Mr. Valan has grown successfully for many years, and the illustrations show three views of his field husker at work, and, incidentally, the type of horses used on the farm. Mr. Valan was one of the first farmers to seed alfalfa, and the acreage on his farm is now 110. Wheat, barley and oats are raised on the potato and corn ground. The yield is large and the quality excep- tionally good. Last year he threshed over 6,000 bushels of Marquis wheat from 150 acres. It graded No. 1 and no dockage. Mr. Valan is a breeder of registered Duroc-Jerseys and has a model hog house, the largest and most complete in this part of the country. Two views of this mammoth house are shown — the exterior showing the method of Rustad Consolidated School House 68 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED The John Corneliussen Farmstead, Kurtz Township admitting sunlight to every part, and the interior showing the convenient arrangement of the pens. The house is 120x24, has cement floors through- out and is equipped with a heating sys- tem. Another illustration shows the 800-pound hoar with Mr. Valan kneel- ing behind. Many of the Valan strain of Duroc-Jerseys are the sires and dams of other herds in Minnesota and North Dakota. Mr. Valan is one of the busiest men in Clay County, and is always ready to go to the bottom of anything per- taining to the farm. He is vice-presi- dent of the Clay County Farm Bureau and president of the Rustad Farmers' Elevator & Trading Company. John Corneliussen is making a spe- cialty of raising seed grain and other seed on his Red River farm of 287 acres in Kurtz township. He has won nu- merous prizes on his seed and expects to win many more. In 1915 he had a 13-acre piece of wheat that yielded 636 bushels — a shade under 49 to the acre. This patch yielded over 40 bushels of barley each of the two preceding years. Mr. Corneliussen raises Marquis and Velvet Chaff wheat, and the average from 132 acres was 25 bushels. Swe- dish Select oats gave 70 bushels ma- chine measure. Last year, while some seed was saved, most of the corn went into the silo. Potatoes, clover and bar- ley are regular crops, and a six-acre plot was seeded to alfalfa last spring with the barley. Mr. Corneliussen came to Moorhead 33 years ago and has lived in this vi- cinity ever since. In 1892 he began farming on his own account. He paid $37.00 an acre for the land and esti- mates the cost of improvements made since to be about $40.00 per acre. The buildings are shown in the illustration. Modern improvements in the house in- clude hot water heat, gas lighting plant, bath room supplied by a pressure tank and sewer outlet to the river. Since the formation of the consoli- dated school district at Rustad Mr. Corneliussen has been its clerk. It is only three miles from the farm to Rus- tad and seven miles to Moorhead. *> tibiOkl'4 1/1/ '. i 1 M A £ml f * |:*"PpP^»' ■. ...» f \ J . . JiTil^ilfcfcii^ Frank T. Schroeder's Home Farm, Glyndon Township CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 69 Ready for the Threshers — J. P. Landin Farm, South of Moorhead Frank T. Schroeder is a native of Germany, who came to Clay County about 35 years ago. For two years before beginning farming he was sec- tion foreman on the Northern Pacific, and today he is the owner of 1,200 acres of the choicest land in Clay County. Potato growing and stock raising are the leading industries on the half-sec- tion home farm in Glyndon township. There are about 80 head of Polled An- gus in the herd and a registered bull is the sire. The farming operations here are conducted by three of Mr. Schroeder 's sons — Otto, Herbert and Walter. The Red River Farm, four miles south of Moorhead, has 480 acres lying close to the river. About 100 acres of potatoes are also raised on this farm each year. Plans are being made for adding a herd of cattle to the stock now on the farm. Three other sons — Frank, Emil and Henry — manage this farm. The first year Mr. Schroeder owned the River Farm he raised 17,000 bush- els of potatoes on 70 acres, and sold most of them for over a dollar a bushel — the price received for part being $1.23. Mr. Schroeder is one of the stock- holders of the First State Bank of Moorhead and has numerous other in- terests. J. P. Landin came to Clay County in 18S1 and bought land two miles south of Moorhead, where he has since been engaged in farming. He recent- ly purchased the James Anderson land, paying $100 an acre for it, and now has upwards of 230 acres in his farm. A 10-acre tract of the land, lying near the Red River, was cleared of timber and broken up last year. Corn will be planted on this land next spring, and Mr. Landin believes he will have a record crop. Mr. Landin and his son-in-law, Curt Ogren, will conduct the farm together. They already have 30 head of Guern- sey grade cattle and expect to increase their dairy herd. They will also raise potatoes and diversified crops. Typical Harvesting Scene Near Ulen Hi CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED E. C. Schroeder's Farm — From the Highway E. C. Schroeder has helped to bring Clay County into prominence, and the good, old German name is now as well known to those who are interested in stock raising as it has come to be known of recent years to the potato growers of the country. Mr. Schroeder began farming four- teen years ago, and potato growing was one of the leading industries of his farm in Glyndon township. A few years later he found it would be neces- sary to use some fertilizer to maintain the productiveness of the soil. His ex- periment with a herd of 80 grade Hol- steins was satisfactory; but there was no sale for the bull calves. Mr. Schroe- der made the important step, and the foundation for his splendid pure-bred herd of Holstein-Friesians was laid in November, 1909, by the purchase of 28 head of females. Residence on E. C. Schroeder Farm — Across the Velvet Lawn CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED «**£*tffe6«fttal|| *X* "•** Part of E. C. Schroeder's Prize Herd of Holstein-Friesians Then the grand senior sire of the herd, Sir Pietertje Ormsby Mercedes, was purchased. His dam, Pietertje Maid Ormsby, was a superb animal with numerous records to her credit. Sir Pietertje 's get have won prizes and established records until the Schroe- der herd is now considered one of the few best in the country. There are so many high-bred, record- making, prize-winning animals of both sexes in the Schroeder herd that it is only possible, in a limited space, to refer to them as a whole. The herd has been built upon a splendid founda- tion, and the standard has been so well maintained that the Schroeder Hol- steins have a world-wide reputation. Their superiority has been proven by winning prizes over all competitors. and by establishing milk and butter producing records. Mr. Schroeder's farm is one of the show places of the Northwest. Every- thing about the home and the farm buildings is kept in order. The illus- trations show the park-like grounds and the admirable arrangement of the fine buildings. They do not show, how- ever, the scrupulous cleanliness of the interiors of the buildings where the aristocrats of the herd are housed. The Schroeder farm is operated like a well constructed piece of machinery. Here is practiced diversified farming in all of its branches. Potatoes are one of the staple crops, and corn is another. Extensive tracts are seeded to alfalfa and clover, and a good-sized patch of mangel wurzels helps to provide bal- Younger Members of E. C. Schroeder's Prize Herd of Holsteins CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Residence of Henry Schroeder Near Sabin and Part of the Buildings — anced rations for the herd. Watts Siding is located at the farm, and Mr. Schroeder 's potato cellar and warehouse are on the south side of the track. Grain and other produce are loaded at the farm. The distance to Moorhead is less than five miles, the state road being only a quarter of a mile north of the farm home. . Henry Schroeder is the father of the potato industry in Clay county. He began growing potatoes for Eastern seed houses in 1893 and has made it the leading feature of his farming op- erations for over twenty years. In 1894 he shipped eight carloads of seed potatoes to Eastern and Southern points. Four years later the shipments from Sabin aggregated 143 carloads, most of them being shipped by Mr. Schroeder. The 1914 acreage of potatoes, grown by Mr. Schroeder, was 550 ; and com- bined with his sons, was 800. The larg- est number of bushels harvested by them in one year was 110,000. In 1915 the combined yield of their several farms was 86,000 bushels of potatoes. Mr. Schroeder has handled and shipped as many as 400 carloads of potatoes from one crop, but he now has so many other interests that he is not shipping much of the product of other growers. He raises Early Ohios, Cobblers, Triumphs and White Ohios, a new potato that he developed on one of his Sabin farms. Several years ago a few of the white potatoes were found among the Early Ohios and these were saved and planted the next year. In 1915 Mr. Schroeder produced 4,000 bushels of White Ohios. Mr. Schroeder was one of the pio- neers in growing both red clover and alfalfa and now makes it a rule to keep 100 acres seeded to each of these for- age crops. Last year he made two cut- tings of clover and timothy from old potato ground that had been manured, and the yield was five tons to the acre — three and one-half from the first and one and one-half from the second cut- ting. He has a fine herd of Holstein grades with one of the best bulls from the herd of his son, E. C. Schroeder, as sire. Apples for use on the farm are mostly home grown in the orchard east of the house. It has always been Mr. Schroeder 's aim to produce the best of everything, and he keeps his land in condition to do this. His potatoes are the stand- ard in the markets, and his grain is of CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 73 Tree Bordered Driveway on Right the highest grade and free from foul seed — weeds have no place on the Schroeder farms. Mr. ■ Schroeder has numerous other interests— he is president of the First National Bank of Moorhead and of the Sabin State Bank. He was one of the organizers of the Clay County Potato Growers' Association and is one of its officers. He has been one of the most active members of the Clay County Farm Bureau since its organization. When Mr. Schroeder left his home in Germany he was less than 16 years old. He came to Douglas county, Minnesota, and worked for the settlers during the summers and falls. For several years he spent the winters trapping in Doug- las and Otter Tail counties. In 1878 he came to Clay county and secured a tree claim. Since that time he has increased his holdings until the Schroe- der farms include several thousands of acres of the choicest land in the Red River Valley. Loading in Potatoes at Henry Schroeder's Warehouse, Sabin 74 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED At the Louis Altenbernd Home Farm, Sabin Louis Altenbernd has made a suc- cess of potato growing and general farming in Clay County. He came from Lawrence, Kansas, in 1903 and bought a 240-acre farm, now his home place, adjoining Sabin on the south. The first year he raised 75 acres of potatoes, and is now one of the exten- sive growers, raising about 400 acres each year. He is also one of the heavi- est dealers of the county, and besides the four root cellars on his farms, with storage capacity for 26,000 bushels, he has five shipping warehouses on track. The combined capacity of the cellars and warehouses is 106,000 bushels. Mr. Altenbernd 's warehouses are located at Sabin, Baker, Rustad and Downer on the Great Northern and at Watts on the Northern Pacific. The Rustad house is owned jointly with M. O. Valan of Kurtz township. Mr. Altenbernd began to deal in potatoes in 1904, and the shipments in one year aggregated over 500 carloads. He is the owner of 1,400 acres of un- encumbered land in Elmwood and Al- liance townships, all within six miles of a shipping pont. While potato raising is the leading feature of Mr. Altenbernd 's farming operations, he raises other crops on a large scale. He has 90 acres of alfalfa, and the usual corn patch is 100 acres. He raises some stock and owns a big bunch of fine horses. The home farm has a fine set of buildings, and all are well equipped and modern. The elevator, part of which is shown in the illustra- tion, is of 17,000 bushels capacity. All the grain is cleaned in the elevator, and all feed used on the farms is ground at home in a roller mill. Mr. Altenbernd is a director of the Comstock State Bank and of the Clay County Potato Growers' Association. The Pleasant View Dairy Farm is appropriately named and the view from the home may well be imagined Loading in Potatoes — Cellar on Louis Altenbernd Farm CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 75 "Pleasant View Dairy Farm" — Home of A. H. Braman, Alliance Township from the opposite view shown in the illustration. It is the home of A. H. Braman and his son, John H. Braman, and is the west half of section 12 in Alliance township. The home quarter was located by A. H. Braman as a homestead in 1885. The following spring Mr. Braman moved on the claim, which has been his home con- tinuously for the past 30 years. Dairying has been one of the lead- ing industries of the farm and for many years Mr. Braman sold his but- ter, poultry and eggs to regular cus- tomers in Moorhead. Mr. Braman was one of the first farmers of Clay Coun- ty to raise diversified crops, and is an extensive grower of potatoes. The market town is Baker, two miles north of the farm. Mr. Braman considers Clay County the garden spot of the northwest, where crops never fail. There is no more public-spirited citi- zen in Clay County than Mr. Braman, and few have been more active in the affairs of his community. It was large- ly through his efforts that the Baker rural mail route was secured before the county system was established. In school and township matters, and in- cidentally, in politics, Mr. Braman has ever been a factor. Early in the eighties Erick Johnson came to Clay County and located in Eglon township. He made a success Scene on the Erick Johnson Farm, Eglon Township, Near Hawley 76 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Ernest Schroeder's Farm Home — Model Buildings Well Arranged of farming and has now retired from the active management and removed to Hawley. The farmstead shown on this page is the Johnson home on the 200 acre farm, located along the banks of the North Buffalo river. The dis- tance to Hawley, the nearest market town, is a little over two miles, and the Northern Pacific station, Manitoba Junction, is only one mile from the farm. A diversity of crops are produced on the farm, including corn, potatoes and a ten-acre patch of alfalfa. Stock raising is also a feature, and it is an ideal tract for this purpose. The farm is now operated by Henry Estrim. Ernest Schroeder managed his 433- acre farm in Glyndon township last year, but did not make it his home until December. As on all the Schroe- der farms, potato growing is one of the leading industries. Mr. Schroeder will diversify his crops and raise some cattle. The farmstead is one of the best located and conveniently arranged in the county. It lies on the west bank of the South Buffalo and is on the Moorhead-Glyndon state road. It is only six miles east of Moorhead and is near to Glyndon and the shipping station at Watts. Barnyard of the H. C. Possehl Farm, Baker CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 77 Scene on the H. C. Possehl Home Farm at Baker H. C. Possehl located at Baker in the spring of 1902, coming from Iowa. He bought the L. H. Baker farm, 250 acres, adjoining the townsite, and a year later purchased from Mr. Baker the general store. For eleven years Mr. Possehl was post master at Baker and was one of the promoters of the rural mail route starting from that village. Mr. Possehl later purchased the Evans farm, 480 acres, in section 10 in Alliance, and now operates both farms. He also deals extensively in potatoes and has a cellar and ware- house on the Great Northern track at Baker. Mr. Possehl is also interested in the automobile business at Barnes- ville. The illustrations show the buildings on the home farm. Frank P. Thompson is one of the old settlers of Elmwood township and one of the leading farmers of the Sabin- Baker neighborhood. He located on the home farm in 1880 and has been an industrious and thrifty tiller of the soil. His fine farm home, shown in the illustration, is modern and complete in every way. Mr. Thompson is one of the men who accomplish things with- out making much noise about it. Potatoes and grain are the leading crops, about 70 or 80 acres of the for- mer being grown each year. A fair- sized herd of Shorthorn cattle is kept, and fat steers can always be found on the Thompson farm. Mr. Thompson attends closely to the business of the farm. He is also inter- Part of Frank P. Thompson Farmstead, Alliance Township 78 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Farmstead of E. 0. Peterson, One of the Pioneers of Parke Township ested in the general affairs of the local- ity and is a stockholder in the state banks at Sabin and Baker. one of the stockholders of the Hawley State Bank. Even 0. Peterson located in Parke township in the early eighties, coming from Wisconsin, where he learned the trade of a miller. He has been one of the leading farmers of the southeast- ern part of the county during his 32 years' residence. General farming and dairying is Mr. Peterson's system, and a visit to his 290-acre farm will con- vince any one that he has been success- ful. His farmstead is well located and conveniently arranged. The buildings are ample and are well protected by a fine grove. A long range view of the farmstead is shown in the accompany- ing illustration. Besides taking an active and leading part in the affairs of his community, Mr. Peterson is president of the Haw- ley Farmers' Elevator Company and Victor Johnson arrived in Clay Coun- ty on New Year's day, 1903, from his former home in Illinois. At that time the only improvement on the west half of section 15 in Oakport township was the turning over of the sod. Mr. John- json has prospered, and the illustration shows the fine farmstead of "Oakport Center Farm," four miles north of Moorhead. Mr. Johnson has grown corn suc- cessfully since he began farming in Clay County. He is a general farmer, diversifies his crops and keeps his land in good condition. His cattle are Hol- stein grades and are being bred up, a full-blood bull heading the herd. Mr. Johnson is president of the Oak- port & Kragnes Telephone Company, and has taken a leading part in all the affairs of the community. 'Oakport Center Farm" — Home of Victor Johnson CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTIIATKH ^HaMmi^mHjHH^^^^^^^m^H|^^^^H ■■ BB feW **B— ^EfTL-L '"-1* .,,- :■;:■ "..,.-. • ".-:,,,^ : - : '- ■>-;.:■ -W''':'- "^ '"''"' '■'■ ? '." ""'-■'"■' Residence and Buildings on August Hoppe Farm, Alliance Township August Hoppe, oue of the promiuent farmers of Alliance township, is a na- tive of Germany. He emigrated to America and resided in Winona Coun- ty, Minnesota, going from there to South Dakota, where he engaged in farming for eight years. In 1894 Mr. Hoppe trekked 220 miles across coun- try, from near Aberdeen, with his family, bringing nine horses and twelve head of cattle. He purchased the home quarter section for' $10.00 per acre and began to develop his farm. Mr. Hoppe now owns and op- erates a half section of fertile land and produces fine crops of corn, potatoes and grain each year. Part of Mr. Hoppe 's buildings are shown in the accompanying illustration. Louis Miller, who now owns and farms the west half of section 1 in Holy Cross township, has had many years' experience as a farmer in Clay County. For many years he was fore- man on the Ptoehm farm near George- town and gained the reputation of be- ing one of the best farm managers in this part of the state. Later he con- ducted a butcher shop at Georgetown, and resided in Moorhead for a few years. The call of the farm, however, was too strong, and Mr. Miller again engaged in farming in the Sabin neigh- borhood. A few years later he bought his present farm and has improved it in many respects. He raises potatoes, other diversified crops, and has a well selected herd of cattle. Mr. Miller Scene on the Louis Miller Farm, Holy Cross Township 80 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED The A. H. Miller Farmstead, Moorhead Township has always taken an active part in the affairs of his community, and was one of the leaders in the formation of the consolidated school district at Rustad. He is also vice-president of the Rustad Farmers' Elevator Company. A. H. Miller is a busy man, and would never accomplish all that he does if he did not keep moving. Be- sides managing the half section home farm in Moorhead township, he con- ducts the farming operations on a quar- ter section southeast of Glyndon. He also sells silos, deals extensively in cat- tle and is the official crier for most of the auction sales held in the western part of the county. Mr. Miller formerly resided at Free- port, 111., and came to Clay County in the spring of 1910. During the six years Mr. Miller has been a resident of Clay County he has made a record. He is raising stock on the home farm and growing diversified crops. His herd includes a registered Shorthorn bull, and a full-blood Chester White boar is the swine sire. Last year he raised corn to fill his 300-ton silo. About 25 acres each of potatoes, alfalfa and clover are raised each year. Next spring he will seed about 30 acres to sweet clover, and will be the first Clay County farmer to grow it extensively. Cattle, Hogs and Poultry on A. H. Miller Farm CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 81 Otto Morrow Farm — Alfalfa in Foreground Mr. Miller made the county record as an auctioneer when he conducted the big sale on the Barnes farm. In eight hours on the block he sold over $35,000 worth of personal property. The Miller farm is five miles south- east of Moorhead and two miles south of Dilworth. Otto Morrow is a successful farmer of the younger generation. He is fully abreast of the times in all matters per- taining to the farm, including stock raising. Mr. Morrow's 800-acre farm is in Glyndon and Moland townships, and the buildings are located on the south bank of the North Buffalo River. He has made a specialty of growing corn and potatoes. A fine field of al- falfa was seeded last year, and the stand is one of the best in the countv. The farmstead, as shown in the illus- tration, is beautifully located and well sheltered. Glyndon, the market and shipping point, is only two miles dis- tant from the Morrow farm. Since J. P. McCarthy came to Clay County six years ago he has been one of the busiest farmers in this section of the state. His farm, six miles south of Moorhead in Kurtz township, shows the work of an experienced and pro- gressive farmer. Mr. McCarthy be- lieves in plowing early and deep. He is not content with doing this, for he raises stock and turns under the ma- nure. Mr. McCarthy diversifies his crops and is a successful corn grower. The farm is on the state road, and there is a ditch on the north as Avell as a new one on the south line. J. P. McCarthy's Farm Buildings, Six Miles South of Moorhead 82 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED General View of the Home Buildings on the "Riverside Farm" The "Riverside Farm," owned and operated by Martin E. L. Wilk, is one of the finest of the big farms of the county. Mr. Wilk came to Clay Coun- ty from Calumet, Michigan, ten years ago, and for seven years confined his farming operations to raising small grain. He was successful in growing grain, but believing the net income could be increased has revised his plan and is now engaged in diversified farming. There are 900 acres of the farm under cultivation, and a great variety of crops are produced. Corn has been raised every year since Mr. Wilk began to operate the farm and last year seed was secured and two big silos were filled. Each year the acre- age of alfalfa is increased and three crops, at least, will be cut from 30 acres this year. Mr. Wilk is also an extensive stock raiser and has registered sires for the several breeds. He has a fine herd of Holsteins with two registered bulls and a number of full-blood cows. Twelve cows during the month of Jan- uary of this year gave average gross Holsteins on Martin E. L. Wilk's "Riverside Farm," Near Georgetown CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 83 Near Georgetown, Owned by Martin E. L. Wilk returns of over five dollars each. All of the cattle are tested frequently and the herd is kept free from tubercu- losis. The horse sire is a grey Percheron of fine type. Several of the mares are full-blood, and there are several well set up grades. The Yorkshire ' ' bacon hog" of the Canfield strain have been raised successfully for several years. The grandmother of the head of the herd was an imported sow. "Wooded pastures are located along the banks of the Buffalo river, which winds diagonally through the farm. The buildings of the farmstead are conveniently located and supplied with many conveniences, including electric light, the current being gen- erated on the farm. Shipping facili- ties could not be better, as Douglas siding is located on the western border of the farm. Georgetown is distant only half a mile from the farm limit, and two and one-half miles from the farmstead. The distance to Moorhead is fourteen miles by the state road. Mr. Wilk is president of the George- town Farmers' Elevator Company and a director of the Moorhead National Bank. Alfred Olson is the owner of one of the big farms of the county — 2,300 acres in Kragnes and Oakport town- ships. All of the land, except the tim- ■ ■ ■^:. Georgetown — Farmers' Elevator in Backgroi 84 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Woodlawn Farm — Home of Alfred Olson, Oakport Township bered pastures, is under cultivation, tion, and practically all of the land is Part of the farm adjoins Kragnes sta- within two miles of that shipping point. A Few of the Horses in Alfred Olson's Barnyard, Woodlawn Farm CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 85 M. W. Gee Farmstead, Oakport Township Wheat is the heaviest crop, and other small grains are also extensively grown. Each year 160 acres of corn is planted, and this field is equaled in size by the potato patch. Another quarter section is kept seeded to tim- othy. The first two cows Mr. Olson owned were full-blood Holsteins, and for sev- eral years his herd sires have been registered Shorthorns of the milking strain.- Now his herd numbers about 50 head of red cattle, the Holstein marking having been bred out. There are upwards of 60 head of work horses on the farm — some of them are shown in one of the illustrations. The farmstead on "Woodlawn Farm" is located in a grove of natural oaks. While the illustrations are win- ter scenes, they show the snow lying as it fell. Mr. Olson came from Sweden in the early eighties, and for fourteen years was foreman on the Dalrymple farm at Casselton. In 1895 he came to Clay County and bought the first 965 acres of his present farm. He is vice-presi- dent of the Northern Potato Growers' Sales Company, and has served on the township and school boards for many years. Martin W. Gee is one of the content- ed farmers, and he has every reason to be. His farm in Oakport township car- ries as good soil as there is in the coun- ty. The farmstead includes ample buildings and is protected by an abun- dant growth of natural trees. Mar- kets are near at hand, and the Oak Mound Consolidated School is within easy walking distance. Nearly 900 acres are included in the Gee farm, and every variety of crops is produced. The farm is well stocked with cattle, and no farmer owns bet- ter horses. Mr. Gee was one of the first farmers in this part of the county to diversify his crops. He has raised corn for several years and is one of the leading potato growers of the lo- cality. Mr. Gee is always careful to select the best seed obtainable. White Holland Turkeys, M. W. Gee Farm, Oakport Township 86 (LAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Residence of Carl Brandt. Sabin Mr. Gee is closely identified with* the live things of the county — he is treas- urer of the Northern Potato Growers' Sales Company and one of the direc- tors of the Kragnes Farmers ' Elevator Company. Carl Brandt is one of the more re- cently located Sabin farmers, yet he is the pace-maker for some of the older settlers. He came from Ohio in 1909 and owns 250 acres — 15 adjoining the village. His main farm is one mile north, and the other tract is south of the village. Two years ago Mr. Brandt seeded a patch of Alfalfa in May and made three cuttings the same year, the acre yield being over three tons. His patch has since grown to 30 acres. Mr. Brandt grows potatoes extensively and believes in fertilizing the land. Last winter he hauled manure from a dairy farm at Moorhead, and spread it on ten acres to be planted to potatoes. He Acre Yield on Carl Brandt's Manured Patch— 179 Bushels More Than Field (LAY COU \TY I LLC st R \ T i: |) 87 Silver Lake — Boat Landing and Residence of T. T. Woodward estimates the cost to be $10.00 an acre and is more than pleased with the re- sult. The acre yield on this part of the field was 343 bushels and on the balance, 164 — a gain of 179 bushels. All parts of the field were cultivated alike. The difference in the yield is plainly shown in one of the illustra- tions. Mr. Brandt is raising Holstein grade cattle and has increased his herd dur- ing the past year. This necessitated enlarging his barn and extending, in other ways, the building equipment of the farm. T. T. Woodward's farm is ideally lo- cated on the shores of Silver Lake, southwest of Hawley village. His land lies along the west shore and to the north and west of this beautiful lake. Mr. Woodward's picnic grounds have become quite an outing place — very popular with the people of the country as well as those of the towns. Mr. Woodward came to Minnesota from Kockland county, New York, in 1873, and located in Hawley township. He is engaged in general farming and makes a specialty of growing Improved Northwestern Dent corn — in 1914 he had especially good results. Another specialty is the raising of Percherons. Mr. Woodward has several brood mares, and, after breaking in the colts, places them on the market when three 3'ears old. The farm elevator, shown in one of the illustrations, is a great labor sav- ing institution. It is built in the hill- side ; and grain is dumped into the bins from the upper level. That is the last time it is touched — everything being done by machinery operated by a gas- Elevator on T. T. Woodward Farm 88 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Four Settings of Grain Stacks — A Common Sight in Eastern Clay oline engine. The system elevates, cleans and grinds the grain — then spouts it to a wagon on the lower level or to any other place in the elevator. Stephen N. Lee was born at Rollag, Norway, and came to the United States with his parents when only six years old. They first settled in Iowa county, "Wisconsin, and later removed to Good- hue county, Minnesota, where Mr. Lee was educated. From 1879 to 1884 he was engaged in the mercantile business at Kindred, N. D. He retired from business and returned to his farm in Parke township. In 1890 Mr. Lee was elected a mem- ber of the Lower House of the Minne- sota Legislature, serving during the session of 1911 and the special session of 1912. Mr. Lee 's farm of 240 acres is twelve miles northeast of Barnesville. His specialty is dairying, and the butter made on the Lee farm always com- mands a premium in the market. The cattle are the milk strain of Short- horns, graded up to three-quarters or better. Corn has been grown for the past ten years and some ripe corn was harvested in 1915. Barley is one of the crops that has proven especially suc- cessful when sown on ground where corn or potatoes have been grown. Clo- ver, both red and alsike, that furnish the hay ration for the cattle, and small grains are the other leading crops. Residence of Hon. S. N. Lee, Parke Township CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 80 Residence of J. T. Gee, Kragnes Township J. T. Gee is one of the leading farm- ers of the county and one of the men who has aided materially in building up the community. His 480 acre farm is located along the Red River in Krag- nes township. General farming and stock raising are the methods on Mr. Gee's farm, and he has been very suc- cessful. Diversified crops are grown, and the rotation plans are carefully followed. There is system on this farm, and everything is in its place — no loose screws anywhere. The farm- stead is exceptionally well arranged and kept as neat as a pin. Shipping points and markets arc of easy access. Barnyard Scene on J. T. Gee Farm, Kragnes Township 90 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Plowing With Three Gangs on the John Olness Farm, Kragnes Mr. Gee arrived from England in 1883 and the next year bought the first 80 acres of his present farm. While cultivating this land he worked part of the time for other farmers. From time to time he bought more land. His fine farm is a monument to his industry and thrift. The illustra- tions show the farm residence, sur- rounded by trees, and part of the other buildings. John Olness has farmed extensively and successfully in Clay for over twen- ty years. He came from Norway in 1888 and located at Kragnes, where he was employed in a general store. Two years later he became a partner and later the sole proprietor of the busi- ness. He was also engaged in the farm machinery business and managed one of the local grain elevators. After engaging in farming Mr. Ol- ness disposed of his other interests and retired from the mercantile busi- ness. He now has one of the best of the big farms in the county and was one of the leaders in growing diversi- fied crops. Mr. Olness grows corn and potatoes and fills out his thousand-acre farm with small grains, alfalfa and other forage crops. He is building up a fine herd of cattle and has two full- blood Holstein bulls. An accident to the negatives pre- vents a proper showing of the Olness farmstead. It is one of the best ar- ranged and most complete in the Northwest. All of the buildings are lighted by electricity, the current be- ing supplied by the plant on the farm. The farm home has every convenience of a city residence. All of the land is in Kragnes township, and the farm- stead is only a short distance north of Kragnes station. Part of the Buildings on the John Olness Farm, Kragnes C I, A V COUNTY ILLUSTR A T K I ) 9] Home of Henning 0. Krabbenhoft, Near Sabin H. 0. Krabbenhoft is one of the pros- perous farmers of the county, and has been identified with many of the things that have proven beneficial to the com- munity. He came from Schleswig- Holstein in 1874 and purchased land in Elmwood township, where his 960- acre farm is located. In his farming operations Mr. Krabbenhoft is always in the front rank. He first began to Threshing Scene at H. 0. Krabbenhoft Farm, Near Sabin 92 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED The Gilbert Richards Home, Moland Township experiment with alfalfa in 1902 and has a 24-acre field at the present time. For many years he has raised corn and favors the Northwestern and White Dents. Seed from the 1915 crop of Northwestern has tested 100 per cent. Mr. Krabbenhoft is a heavy grower of potatoes, and has only a three-mile haul to Sabin. Clover and the small grains are also leading prod- ucts of this farm. Mr. Krabbenhoft raises beef cattle and keeps a herd numbering about 40. About 30 Per- cheron horses are kept busy the great- er part of the year. One of the illustrations shows Mr. Krabbenhoft 's home; another is a threshing scene on the farm. The barns and other outbuildings are am- ple and conveniently arranged. Mr. Krabbenhoft is vice-president of the Comstock and Holy Cross Farmers' Insurance Company and is one of the directors of the Northwestern Hospi- tal Association. Gilbert Richards has been operating his farm in Moland township for the past two years and is getting the land in good shape. He has a well arranged set of new buildings located close to the bank of the Buffalo River. Corn and potatoes are leading crops, and small grains are also grown. Mr. Richards has two patches of alfalfa — the one started last year was seeded with barley as a nurse crop. The cat- tle are Shorthorns, and the swine are Yorkshires of the Canfield strain. "Mrs. Bryan," the old brood sow, and her litter of sixteen are shown in one of the illustrations. Since the beginning of farming in Clay County there has never been a crop lost through drought. The dry seasons usually give an average crop of good quality. The straw, perhaps, short, but the heads long and well filled. With over 200 miles of state and county ditches, surplus moisture is not detrimental. "Mrs. Bryan," Mother of a Sixteen-to-One Family CLAY COT XTY I I. LIST I! A T E I) 93 A. C. Huxley Farmstead, Alliance Township The A. C. Huxley farm, the north half of section 15 in Alliance township. has netted the owner an average of 10 per cent annually on a valuation of $100 per acre for the past seven years. The farm is located three and one-half miles southwest of Baker and has a most complete set of new buildings. Everything is modern — the silo is con- structed of vitrified brick and the 10,000-bushel potato cellar is concrete. There is a fine dairy barn, a milk house and a pump house. Then the farm- stead is a model of neatness. Corn is grown every year and seed was saved last season. There are 15 acres of alfalfa, and more will be sown this year. Clover is another favorite crop. The demonstration potato plot, shown in one of the illustrations, made the county record in 1915 with a yield of 363 bushels to the acre. B. F. Moore is the resident manager of the farm. Mr. Huxley resides in Barnesville, and his town house is a beautiful brick bungalow. Between times Mr. Huxley cries auction sales and has few open dates during the season. John Oberg came to Houston County from Norway in 1879. He removed to Wisconsin, and in 1882 arrived in Clay Gilbert Gunderson Farm Home Near Hitterdal 1)4 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED John Oberg Farm East of Kragnes County. The first year he dealt in horses and did sub-contract work on railroad grading. In 1884 Mr. Oberg engaged in the general merchandise business at Kragnes. Seven years later he sold his store and bought 685 acres of land in Kragnes township. He now owns and farms 1,007 acres. Since 1891 Mr. Oberg has been en- gaged continuously in farming. He has specialized in wheat, but also raises other small grains, corn and about 50 acres of potatoes each year. His cattle are principally Shorthorns. A trial patch of alfalfa has proven satisfactory, and a larger acreage will be seeded this year. Mr. Oberg was one of the organizers of the First State Bank of Moorhead and has been its only vice-president. He was also one of the organizers of the Kragnes Farmers' Elevator Com- pany and of the Oakport & Kragnes Telephone Company. Mr. Oberg has other interests in the county, and is always ready to do his share to help build up the community. The H. T. Alsop farm, 225 acres, is located in Moland township, two and a half miles north of Glyndon. This is being made a dairy and stock farm and upwards of 50 head of the milking strain of shorthorns are now kept. Yorkshire hogs are also raised quite extensively. There are twelve acres of alfalfa on the farm, and corn and potatoes are among the leading crops. Fred Seaton, one of the owners of the farm, is the resident manager. Buildings on H. T. Alsop Farm, North of Glyndon — Fred Seaton, Manager CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 95 Guernsey Herd Owned by R. B. Webb, Glyndon R. B. "Webb is a native of New York state and came to Clay County from Wisconsin 38 years ago. In 1876 he bought a farm south of Glyndon for $8.00 per acre. Three years later, in order to have the advantages of bet- ter schools, he sold the farm for $15.00 per acre and moved to Glyndon. For the next thirteen years Mr. Webb bought grain for one of the elevators at Glyndon, and sold farm machinery. Later he retired from business and en- gaged in potato growing, dairying and general farming. He is now making dairying the leading feature and has a fine herd of Guernseys. The cows, several of them full blood, and the registered bull are shown in the illus- trations. Another picture shows the dairy barn and silo. Dairying has necessitated the raising of corn and clover, which has been supplemented R. B. Webb's Dairy Barn and Silo, Glyndon 96 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Glyndon Consolidated School House by a fifteen-acre patch of alfalfa. Mr. Webb has been one of the coun- ty commissioners of Clay County for over twelve years. Six years ago he was elected chairman of the board and has since held that important office continuously. Glyndon Glyndon is the oldest town in the county, and School District No. 1, the first district organized, has become a consolidated district with a smaller territory than the original district, yet the enrollment today is 217. The vil- lage is located at the crossing of the main line of the Northern Pacific and the Winnipeg line of the Great North- ern. The village has grown to be an im- portant shipping point, especially for potatoes and grain. Potato warehouses and elevators are so located on side tracks that shipment may be made by either line of railway. Glyndon has kept pace with the development of the surrounding country and is a fine mar- ket town. A co-operative creamery is located here, and there are general Leslie Welter's Potato Warehouse and Cellar, Glyndon CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 97 stores, machinery warehouses, a mod- ern hotel and all the other business houses of an up-to-date village. The First State Bank of Glyndon is fast working up to the first rank with the older financial institutions of the coun- ty. The oldest newspaper in the coun- ty, the Red River Valley News, is pub- lished here. Two state roads pass through the village, and, with other highways, makes Glyndon easy of access for the farmers of the surrounding country. Among recent improvements are the electric light plant, and the telephone system of the Glyndon Telephone Com- pany that has its headquarters and maintains an exchange in the village. fund. The company maintains a cen- tral office at Glyndon, where it con- nects with the trunk lines. The officers of the company are : Howard Basett, president; C. E. Gin- gery, secretary, and N. H. Stadum, treasurer. Registered Guernsey, Sire of R. B. Webb Herd Glyndon Telephone Company The central part of the county has excellent telephone service furnished by the Glyndon Telephone Company. This company has been in business since June, 1908 ; has 90 miles of lines, and serves over 200 patrons. Only $5,250 of the capital stock has been paid in, and this has been ample, for the company had paid annual 10 per cent dividends, besides accumulating another 10 per cent in the surplus Felton Felton is located on the Winnipeg line of the Great Northern in the northern central part of the county. It is the home of the newest of the con- solidated schools of the county, and one of the finest and best equipped school buildings. Felton is the leading hay shipping point of the county. Grain elevators and potato warehouses handle the crop of a wide territory. There is a bank, Felton Consolidated School House — Nearly Completed 98 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Ulen Public School and Workers in the Busy Hive the First State of Felton, that carries its share of business. The village has numerous business houses that supply the needs of the people of the sur- rounding country. The north and south state road of the central part of the county passes through the vil- lage. Ulen The village of Ulen, located on the Winnipeg branch of the Northern Pa- cific, in the northeastern part of the county, has made wonderful progress and is now one of the best market towns in this part of the country. It is surrounded by a rich agricultural land and the prosperous farmers of the tributary country are all engaged in diversified farming. Ulen has many advantages, and is quite grown up, although only 20 years old. The fine new school building was Farmers' Co-Operative Creamery, Ulen CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 99 Orient Hotel, Ulen — J. F. McDonald, Proprietor erected last year, and over 200 pupils are now enrolled. Ulen owns and operates a municipal water and light plant, and pure arte- sian water is forced through mains, extending throughout the village, by pressure from a high tank. Among the industries of the village are a co- operative creamery and a grist mill. There are four elevators and one po- tato warehouse. Shipments aggregate about 500 carloads annually — 150 car- loads each of potatoes and hay, 140 carloads of grain and about 60 car- loads of cattle and hogs. The combined deposits of the two banks were $313,000 on the first of the present year. A first class hotel — the Occident — is conducted by J. F. Mc- Donald. All branches of trade are well represented. There are two garages, two livery barns and a newspaper, the Ulen Union. H. P. Henrickson of Ulen selected seed potatoes true to type for about First National Bank. Ulen 100 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Bringing in the Potatoes — Any Day During the Fall — Hawley three acres and planted them in the same field with the others, the only difference in treatment being seed se- lection. The three acres yielded 183 bushels per acre, while the field pro- duced only 72 bushels per acre. Hawley Hawley is the oldest village in the eastern part of the county and is one of the best primary markets in the state. It is located on the main line of the Northern Pacific and has direct Picnic Grounds on Silver Lake, Southwest of Hawley CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 101 Plenty of Visitors in Town — Street Scene, Hawley rail communication with the terminal markets of the Twin Cities and Du- luth. The original name of the village was Bethel, and the original settlers were an English colony in 1871. Hawley is now a thriving village of about 900 and is one of the busiest places on the map. There are four elevators, two potato warehouses, a creamery and other industries. Three hotels, gen- eral stores, hardware, furniture and drug stores, butcher shop, two lumber yards, three machinery warehouses, two garages, a photograph gallery and various other business houses are here. Hawley is the home of the Clay County Herald. The two banks of the village had on deposit on January 1, 1916, $445,840, which was $32,000 more than all of the banks of Clay County had on de- posit twenty years ago — on January 1, 1896. The State Bank is the older in- High School on One of the High Hills of Hawley 102 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Electric Light and Water Works Plant, Hawley stitution, and the First National, un- der the present management, is making a splendid record. Hawley is the natural trading point for the majority of the farmers of the eastern part of the county. Good prices are always paid for every kind of farm produce, and the merchants are ever ready to meet competition. It is an important shipping point for stock, potatoes and hay as well as grain. Hawley has a municipally owned and operated water and light plant. Pure water from deep wells and elec- tric current for light and power are supplied at reasonable rates. The high school, with agricultural and manual training departments, has an enrollment of nearly 400. The build- ing is modern, fully equipped and cost about $30,000. The farmers of the eastern part of the county were the first to diversify their crops and engage extensively in cattle raising. No better land can be found than the two eastern tiers of townships. There are several lakes Getting Ready to Build — Hawley Lumber Company's Yard CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 103 to customers a proportionate share of the earnings. The officers of the company are : E. 0. Peterson, president; C. J. Ceder- berg, vice-president ; Oscar Gunderson, secretary ; G. 0. Sjordal, treasurer, and Albert Amundson, Carl Tall and Amund Clementson, directors. John Fridlund has been manager for the past five years. Potato Cellar Interior near Hawley — Silver and Lee, each but a few miles distant — that are favorite outing spots for the people of the vil- lage. Hawley Farmers' Elevator Company The Hawley Farmers ' Elevator Com- pany had on hand on January 1, 1916, a surplus of $7,465.38, and the total assets were approximately $20,000. A 10 per cent dividend has been paid on the capital stock, $4,475.00, every year except one since the company began business. The property of the com- pany has been improved and is now estimated to be worth $7,000. The average number of bushels handled each year is over 130,000. Coal is also handled, and a fair profit has been made on this branch of the business. The company's future plan is to rebate Hawley Stock Shippers The Hawley Live Stock Shipping Association has been in existence less than a year, yet it has made sixteen shipments aggregating 18 carloads of stock, mostly cattle. After deducting the expenses, the association paid to the owners $19,114.86. There is now in the treasury — membership fees and sinking fund— $148.23. The officers of the association are: Lloyd Plummer, president ; Knute Tor- gerson, secretary; John Cummings, treasurer, and A. L. Ruud, E. Alberts and Arthur Lewis, directors. Hawley Co-Operative Creamery The Hawley Co-Operative Creamery Association is one of the successful or- ganizations operated by the farmers of eastern Clay County. It began busi- ness July 1, 1906. and has operated the creamery at Hawley continuously since rfHOLESAtE POTAToeS J B^P ■I j Leslie Welter's Potato House — Ventilators from Cellar Through Roof 104 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED that date. The report of the associa- tion for the year ending December 31, 1915, shows that 175 patrons delivered 386,252 pounds of cream containing 102,720 pounds of butterfat, for which the average price paid was 28.39 cents. For the 127,392 pounds of butter made $32,026.39 was received, the average price being 25.13 cents. The amount paid to patrons was $29,162.25. The officers are : C. C. Nelson, pres- ident; H. M. Tang, vice-president; Nels Mikkelson, secretary and treas- urer, and Hans Erickson, H. F. Gill, J. 0. Hillestad, Andrew Ulven and Christ Olson, directors. E. L. John- son is the buttermaker. La Val's Colonel of Lewison, Guernsey Sire, John W. Friday Farm Georgetown Georgetown, originally a trading post of the Hudson Bay Company, was located on the Red River. When the Moorhead Northern was built through in 1884, the town, which was later in- corporated as a village, was moved to the present site. There is an excel- lent school and the village has its full share of business houses. The State Bank of Georgetown, while one of the younger banks of the county, has deposits averaging nearly $100,000. Georgetown is one of the leading grain markets of the county and over 170,000 bushels of wheat from the 1912 crop were handled by the elevators of the village. This was the county rec- ord for the year, and the number of bushels of rye handled was also the largest of any market in the county. any description has ever been used. Each year, after threshing, the straw- stacks have been burned. Still many of these farms in 1915 produced from 28 to 33 bushels of No. 1 wheat to the acre, and other grain in proportion. Hence the comparison of the land in the valley of the Red River of the North with the wonderfully fertile land of the valley of the Nile. Nearly every farmer in Clay County has his mail delivered by one of the twenty-two routes within the county, or one of the three other routes that cover small parts of the county. Sev- eral years ago, through the efforts of Congressman Steenerson of this dis- trict, a complete county system of rural routes was ordered, and has since been established, only a few lo- calities not receiving the service. Georgetown Farmers' Elevator Company The Georgetown Farmers' Elevator Company began business in the fall of 1911 and earned 100 per cent on the capital stock, $10,000.00, the first year. Besides making improvements and keeping the property in repair, the company has paid annual 10 per cent dividends since the first year. The value of the elevator property is $6,000.00 and there is a good balance in the surplus account. Officers of the company are : Mar- tin E. L. "Wilk, president; H. P. Skor- stad, vice-president; Theo. S. Nelson, secretarj' and treasurer, and A. S. Gaudland, C. C. Soberg, Martin Lerud, John Finney, E. O. Lee and H. Var- land. directors. A. B. Mandt is the There are farms in Clay County that have been under cultivation for over 30 years upon which no fertilizer of manager. ,- iHlE^ki W Wm , ■ ^ ■f H ** 'J II. i-A "?«.* -• • • » ;■'..'■■""' i**5~ » -* &~>krEKik ,'a£y) mz~^» Treating Seed Wheat for Smut CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 105 Main Street, Barnesville, During the County Fair Barnesville Barnesville, the second city of the county, is located in the southern cen- tral part on the main line of the Great Northern, of which it is a division point. A second line of the same rail- way system extends north through the Red River Valley. The rapid devel- opment of the agricultural resources of Southern Clay and Northern Wil- kin counties has been a great boon to Barnesville. Many industries have been built up during recent years, largely due to the fact that the city is the market for a wide territory that includes hundreds of prosperous farm- ers. Barnesville enjoys the distinction of being the first city in the state to own and operate a municipal telephone sys- tem. It also maintains a municipal opera house. The city has its own New High School, Barnesville 106 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED electric light plant and water works, the water supply being pumped from deep wells. Extensions of the general sewer system are now under construc- tion. The new high school building is the finest in the county and was completed in 1915 at a cost of $65,000. It is the only high school in the county main- taining a normal training department for teachers. A five-acre tract is farmed by the pupils under the direc- tion of an instructor, who devotes his entire time to this work. Complete manual training and domestic science departments are also maintained. The city has many industries and a quota of mercantile houses, grain ele- vators and potato warehouses. It is also an important stock shipping point. It is the leading machinery distribu- ting point for a long distance, and sev- eral automobile dealers supply the de- mand for horseless carriages. That the deposits of the two banks — the First National and the Citizens State — aggregate half a million dollars is an indication that this is a prosperous community. For the past two years the Clay County fair has been held at Barnes- ville. It has proven an attraction for the entire county, and each year there have been fine exhibits of stock, agri- cultural and other products. Other features of the fair have been exhibits of needlework, baking and other home products. Also of the work of the pupils in the agricultural, manual training and domestic science depart- ments of the schools of the county. Two newspapers are published at Barnesville — the Record-Review and the Headlight. Cash Paid for Cream Cash payment for cream is one of the features of the business of the Barnesville Co-Operative Creamery Association. The plan in force is to pay the first of the week for cream delivered during the previous week. This system has proven satisfactory to the management as well as to the First National Bank Block, Barnesville CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 107 This Creamery Pays Cash — The Farmer Gets His Check Every Week patrons. The association has money in the treasury to pay the small bal- ance of the purchase price of the creamery as soon as it falls due. An- nual dividends of eight per cent have been paid since the association began business in January, 1910. Last year a total of 326,918 pounds of cream was received and 118,287 pounds of butter were produced. Ex- cept that sold for local consumption, all of the butter produced was sold in the New York market, where it brought the top price. The net re- ceipts of the association for the year were $31,394.80, and all above a small percentage for expenses was paid to the farmers for cream. A. 0. Rindahl is the buttermaker and 0. P. Landsom has been the sec- retary of the association for the past two years. Oliver Block and City Hall, Barnesville 108 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Plant of Barnesville Farmers' Elevator Company Barnesville Farmers' Elevator Company The Barnesville Farmers' Elevator Company is one of the most successful of the co-operative organizations of the producers of Clay County. Busi- ness was begun in 1908, with $5,175.00 capital, contributed by 148 farmers of the country tributary to Barnesville. Each year the company has paid an eight per cent dividend on the capital stock, and in 1915 an additional div- idend of 50% was paid. This was made possible, in part, by the rebates received from the railroads on freight paid while the commodity rates were in litigation. After paying all of these dividends the company had a surplus of $8,681.00, estimating the elevator property to be worth $7,221.32. The elevator and office buildings are shown in the accompanying illustration. It is a fine plant with modern equip- ment, including gasoline power, double driveway, with automatic scales and an outside scale. From 200,000 to 325,000 bushels of the several varie- ties of grain have been handled each year. Three years ago the company began to handle binding twine, and last fall the sale of fuel was begun. S. P. Anderson is the president, and A. A. Haagenson has been the mana- ger since the company was organized. The profits of the business to the first of the present year approximate $25,- 000.00, a pretty fair indication of com- petent management. Stock Shippers' Association Among the recent organizations of the farmers of Clay County is the Humboldt Live Stock Shipping As- sociation with headquarters at Barnes- ville. Although less than a year old the association has already made 24 shipments aggregating 39 carloads of stock. The first shipment was made on April 1st, 1915, and the above totals are up to February 1st, 1916. W. S. Lee, treasurer of the association, says the average value of the carloads has been over $1,000.00 and the amount paid owners aggregates more than $39,000.00. A complete statement is furnished to each shipper showing in detail ev- ery transaction in which he is interest- ed. A small fee is charged to defray expenses and, two cents per hundred weight on cattle and three cents on sheep and hogs go into a sinking fund to be used in paying losses by injury to stock while under the control of the association. CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 109 Thomas Gunness' Block, Barnesville, During Fair Week Thomas Gunness, after being active- ly engaged in the merchandise busi- ness in Barnesville for 27 years, re- tired in 1914. He has since been en- gaged in looking after his farming in- terests and dealing in potatoes. He has other interests in Barnesville, but the potato business is the live wire for about six months of each year. His model potato cellar is located on the Great Northern track. It is 60x60 feet, is 12 feet deep, has solid cement walls and reinforced concrete roof. Potatoes are sorted in through man- holes, and again sorted before ship- ment. The capacity of the cellar is 35,000 bushels. Mr. Gunness expects to handle about 400 carloads from the 1915 crop. The people of Clay County have many things to which they may point with pride. If any one questions the fact that Clay is a most prosperous community, the fact that the county does not owe a single dollar of bonded debt is a pretty convincing answer. A. C. Huxley's Bungalow, Barnesville 110 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED f 1 -. K**^ f^T^"" " - ■....". ! K f 1 1 if "***«»»* . ^ '^'HiSb ''Btt VV ' -WW*-'; Jk^-MjB h||| >i 1 Hc^^^^^B /$ 3 . Thompson-Phillipi Building — P. E. Thompson Began Business Here Peter E. Thompson came to Barnes- ville in the early seventies and en- gaged in the general merchandise business. He was a trader and bought and sold a great variety of articles, in fact, his store was the market for any- thing and everything. The successors in the business was the firm of Thomp- son, Felde & Co., and they were suc- ceeded by the Thompson-Phillipi Com- pany, the present owners. The mem- bers of the firm are both Barnesville boys — Julian Thompson, a son of the founder of the business, and M. P. Phillipi, the son of another old resi- dent and merchant of the city. The new home of the firm is on the site orig- inally occupied by the Thompson store. Monster Northern Pacific Roundhouse and Shops, Dilworth CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 111 Dilworth When the Northern Pacific Railroad moved the division point from Fargo to Dilworth, the families of several hundred of the company's employes became residents of the new village. Dilworth now has a population of nearly 1,000 and has become one of the leading municipalities of Clay County. It is the eastern terminus of the Fargo, Moorhead and Dilworth trolley system. Here are located the extensive freight yards, monster roundhouse and car repair shops of the Northern Pa- cific. The village is an important ship- ping point, especially for live stock. It has a bank, a hotel and a comple- ment of business establishments. i * I *■ ■■Ilium"* to *^J "^ i Sabin — Looking South Sabin is the most important potato shipping point in the county, the num- ber of carloads having increased from 8 in 1894 to an average of 600 during recent years. The village has several potato warehouses located on the Great Northern right of way. There are grain elevators, a bank, hotels and all the business establishments of a thri- ving town, including one of the best equipped machine and blacksmith shops in the county. Hitterdal is one of the larger of the unincorporated villages of the county. It is located on the Winnipeg branch of the Northern Pacific and is fast be- coming one of the leading market towns of eastern Clay. A bank, grain elevators and several business houses are evidence of the prosperity of the village. Comstock is located in the south- western part of the county on the Breckenridge line of the Great North- ern. It is the market for grain and potatoes for one of the most prosper- ous sections of the county. The Com- stock consolidated school district was the first one organized in this part of the state. Several business houses, grain elevators, potato warehouses and a bank are located here. Other settlements in the county are : Rustad and Kragnes in the western part; Averill and Downer in the cen- tral, and Rollag in the southeast, the only inland town of the count}'. Clay County farmers are great be- lievers in plenty of light. Many of them have already installed gas or electric lighting plants in their homes, and others are planning to follow their lead. Some clay the water power of the North Buffalo will be utilized in generating electricity, and the current will be carried to the remote corners of the county. When the farmers get the notion they will take up this prop- osition and make a success of it. They have demonstrated their ability with their creamery, elevator and other co- operative enterprises. Baker is another of the leading po- tato markets of the county, over a quarter of a million bushels of the tubers being shipped each year. It is located in the southern part of the county on the main line of the Great Northern and on the Moorhead-Barnes- ville state road. The village has a bank, potato warehouses and several general merchandise and machinery establishments. L. Altenbernd's Potato Warehouse 112 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Front Street, Moorhead, Looking West from Eighth Street Moorhead Moorhead has been known for many years to be the educational center of the northwestern part of the state. The city also enjoys the reputation of be- ing one of the leading cities of the Red River Valley. When Clay County was organized Moorhead became and is still the county seat. The city has a population of about 5,500 and has all the improvements that a city of many times the population might be expect- ed to have. It is on the main line of the North- ern Pacific and on both the Fergus Falls and Breckenridge lines of the Great Northern, besides being the ter- minus of several of the branch lines Boat Landing on the Red River at Moorhead CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 113 New Columbia Hotel, Moorhead — Nils Holbeck, Proprietor of these two great transcontinental railway systems. The city is out of debt, for there is a substantial cash balance in the treasury besides the amount in the sinking fund to retire the only bonded indebtedness that will be taken up when it falls due this year. Moorhead has one of the most com- plete sewer systems in the country, and the great trunk lines are adequate for a population four times as great as that of the city at the present time. Over two miles of paving are now in use, mainly of creosote blocks on a concrete base, and another mile of pavement will be constructed during the coming summer. The city has one of the finest hotels — the Comstock, ab- Leslie Welter's Potato Cellar and Warehouse, Moorhead 114 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED New $80,000 Post Office Building, Moorhead solutely fireproof — in the northwest, of $80,000. A fine public library is It has one of the most attractive fed- also located in the civic center of the eral buildings in the country, erected city, during the past three years at a cost Electric trolley lines connect the city Moorhead Public Library CLAY COUNTY I L L l' s T |; A T K 1) 115 Residence of Dr. W. J. Awty, Moorhead with Fargo on the west and Dilworth on the east, the lines within the city extending to the Normal School and the court house. The transfer system enables a passenger to ride from any point in Moorhead to any part of Far- go for a single five-cent fare. Moorhead is a clean, well-governed city, and none of her size in Minnesota or North Dakota has the advantages that she enjoys. In addition to the city schools, Moorhead has St. Joseph's Academy, a parochial school; a com- mercial college ; Concordia College, with numerous courses of study, and the best Normal School in the state. The city has unrivaled shipping facili- ties, and the lowest freight rates in the valley to the terminals at the head of the lakes and the Twin Cities. Residence of P. H. Lamb, Moorhead 116 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Residence of Ole Martinson, Moorhead The city has three prosperous banks with a third of a million dollars cap- ital and a million and a quarter of de- Artesian Water Tank, Moorhead posits. It has numerous commercial and civic organizations, each doing its share to aid in promoting the interest and welfare of the city. Fraternal societies are well represented. Two newspapers, the News and the Citizen, are published here. The city water and light plant was constructed in 1895. Improved ma- chinery has been added from time to time, and the new generator and steam turbine, installed during 1915, have materially reduced the cost of gener- ating the electric current. Rates for lighting range from four to eight cents, and for power from three to six cents per kilowat hour. The city now uses artesian water exclusively. The supply comes from three 10-inch wells from 185 to 210 feet deep, and is the best water in the Red River Valley. During 1915 a stor- age tank of 300,000 gallons capacity was built. This tank is 126 feet in height and provides a gravity pressure of 50 pounds, which may be increased, in case of fire, to 100 pounds by the use of a booster pump with capacity of 1,000 gallons a minute. Since August, 1900, the surplus earn- ings of the plant, over operating ex- penses, have been $214,000. Operating expenses include repairs, insurance, in- terest and depreciation. CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 117 Residence of C. G. Dosland, Moorhead Moorhead's Canning Factory The Remington Packing Company, the Moorhead canning factory, has been in successful operation for two years, and the business of 1915 shows a satisfactory increase over the previ- ous year. Last fall the foundation for the company's new plant was put in and the building will be completed this year. It will be 40x60 feet, two stories, and basement 10 feet in the clear. The working floor will be reinforced con- crete. Machinery to double the equipment of the plant will be installed in time for use this season. Residence of Fred Stalley, Moorhead 118 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED State Normal School The State Normal School at Moor- head has 18 acres of ground. The orig- inal normal school site consisted of six acres, which was donated to the state by Honorable S. G. Comstock. In 1912, twelve acres additional were acquired by purchase at a cost of $12,000. Trees have been planted on the original site, and the campus is in excellent condi- tion. Six acres of the recently ac- quired ground is used as a school gar- den ; another portion of the ground is used as an athletic field, and a new class room building has recently been constructed directly opposite the main building. In this building will be ac- commodated the departments of man- ual arts, physical, chemical, and bio- logical sciences. There is also in the new building a commodious and beau- tiful auditorium with a seating capac- ity of 1,200. The normal school offers courses of study leading to an elementary diplo- ma, an advanced or life diploma, and to special diplomas in manual arts and music. The enrollment in all courses in the normal department of the school for the year 1916 exceeds 1,000 students; and the enrollment in the elementary school, connected with the normal school, exceeds 300 students, making a total of nearly 1,400. Tuition is free to all students who expect to teach school in Minnesota. Since 1899 Frank A. "Weld has been president of the Moorhead Normal, and Leslie "Welter is the resident director and member of the Normal School Board of the state. Potato shipments from Clay County aggregate between 4,000 and 5,000 car- loads annually. This means from two and one-half to three million bushels of potatoes. j|j&. &jb dAfe K Comstock Hall and Wheeler Hall, Dormitories CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 119 New Science Building at Normal School — Cost $100,000 Concordia College This institution was founded in 1891 by the Norwegian Lutherans in the Red River Valley. While the control of the institution rests with the Lu- theran Church, students are admitted and are at present attending from dif- ferent denominations. The present equipment embraces a $65,000 Admin- istration and Recitation Hall, includ- Main Building Auditorium Model School 120 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Residence of Mrs. Carrie D. Huntoon, Moorhead ing an auditorium seating 800. Two Dormitories for men and women, mod- ern gymnasium 60x90, central heating plant, hospital and president's resi- dence — all on the college campus of twelve acres in the south part of the city of Moorhead. The total valuation of the property is over $200,000. Dur- Main Building of Concordia College and the CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 121 Residence of M. T. Weum, Moorhead ing the year 1915-1916, 429 students lege department leading to the degree were enrolled in the different courses of Bachelor of Arts ; a standard high and twenty instructors have charge of school course is maintained with spe- this student body. cial departments in agriculture and Full courses are offered in the col- the training of rural teachers. All the Dormitories as Seen Across the Campus, Moorhead 122 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED work is recognized by the State and accredited to standard colleges and universities. In addition, practical courses in business, carpentry, Ladies' Seminary, are offered. Over 5,000 stu- dents have attended Concordia College these 25 years and over 500 have been graduated from the different courses. This institution serves the people of the Northwest by giving a practical education to the young men and wom- en at the lowest prices consistent with good instruction and care. Trinity Lutheran Church The new church edifice of the Nor- wegian Trinity Lutheran congregation was erected during the summer and fall of 1915. It is in the Gothic style of architecture and is built of pressed brick with Kasota stone trimmings. It is 119 feet long, 50 feet wide in the nave and 64 feet in the transepts. The spire, 135 feet high, is surmounted by an electric cross. The seating capacity of the main auditorium is 900. On Christmas day the first service was held in the new church. Norwegian Trinity Lutheran Church— Cost $40,000 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 123 Moorhead Hospital, Owned and Conducted by Dr. D. C. Darrow The Moorhead Hospital was the first general institution of that character built in Clay county. In 1893 the first part was built by Dr. D. C. Darrow who later enlarged it until at the pres- ent time there are 27 rooms for pa- tients. Everything about the Moor- head Hospital is of the best and the well-lighted operating room is no ex- ception to this rule. A corps of com- petent nurses is maintained. The hos- pital is located at Sixth Avenue and Seventh Street South, one block from the street railway. The Northwestern Hospital is one of the best built and equipped in the Northwest. It is owned and conducted by the Northwestern Hospital Associ- ation; has accommodations for sixty patients, and is located near the ter- minus of the Court House line of the street railway. A training school for nurses is maintained and an experi- enced superintendent is in charge. Several of the leading farmers, busi- ness and professional men of the coun- ty are included in the directorate of the institution. W } Northwestern Hospital, Moorhead 124 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Harris Brothers' Machinery Warehouse, Moorhead In 1905 J. W. Harris and H. J. Har- Brothers. They dealt in farm imple- ris began business in a comparatively ments, machinery, vehicles and fuel, small way under the firm name Harris It was not long before they began to Veterinary Hospital Owned by Dr. M. M. Fulton, Moorhead CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 125 be crowded for space to conduct their rapidly increasing business. From time to time they branched out into other lines, always keeping ahead of the development of the country. When the firm included the automobile busi- ness additional sale and store room must be had. The old buildings gave place in 1913 to the fine brick struc- ture that is now occupied exclusively and completely by the firm. This building is 65x88 feet, three stories and a full basement. It is equipped with a freight elevator and other mod- ern conveniences. Each brother owns a comfortable home in Moorhead and both have tak- en an active part in all matters affect- ing the interests of the city or com- munity. They have made it a study to anticipate the needs of the commun- ny, and have built up a splendid busi- ness, founded on the rocks of fair treatment and honest dealing. M. M. Fulton, V. M. D., located in Moorhead in 1909, and in 1911 built the veterinary hospital shown in the accompanying illustration. Dr. Ful- ton has an extensive practice in Clay and adjoining counties. His big, yel- low car is a familiar sight on the roads and in the farm yards. The hospital is fully equipped for the care and treatment of every kind of animals. Dr. Fulton was graduated from the veterinary department of the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania in 1903, and did post-graduate work for one year at McKillip's Veterinary School in Chicago. CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 127 Acknowledgement / "pHE publisher desires -*■ to express his appre- ciation of the assistance rendered him, in compil- ing this publication, by the many who have helped to make it a picture of the best county in Minnesota. 128 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED Holstein-Friesian Cattle E. C. SCHROEDER Moorhead, Minnesota A Few Facts Regarding This Herd 1 — Home of four World's Champions for milk and butter. 2 — Home of the Champion Show Herd of the United States. 3 — Home of Sir Pietertje Ormsby Mercedes, the greatest sire in the world. He has sired more prize winners than any other sire. His daughters have made ten world's records. His dam was the former World's champion, Pietertje Maid Orms- by, 35.56 pounds of butter in seven days and 145.66 pounds in thirty days. Bulls of all ages for sale. Can also furnish cows and heifers at very reasonable prices. Write for particulars. These cattle have been bred and developed in the Red River Valley, a good indica- tion that conditions are right for the development of Dairy Cattle. Head your herd with a pure-bred sire — he will show results. Bess Pietertje Ormsby Mercedes — Age 3 Years, 3 Months Butter, 1 day, 5.33 pounds; milk, 114.10 pounds. Butter, 7 days, 33.15 pounds; milk, 759.00 pounds. Butter, 30 days, 130.87 pounds ; milk, 3,092.00 pounds. All World's Records for Milk CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 129 REMLEY & OLSON Wholesale and Retail =Hardzvare= CORNICE, ROOFING AND FURNACE WORK PAINTS AND GLASS MOORHEAD and DILWORTH, MINN. N. J. OLSEN, President N. R. OLSEN, Vice President F. 0. OLSEN, Secretary and Manager N. J. Olsen Company Red River Valley Seed House, Inc. Red River Early Ohio Seed Potatoes Northern Grown Seed Corn Seeds Paramount Brand Grain, Field and Garden Seeds Ground Feed — Mill Feed — Poultry Supplies Catalog and samples on request MOORHEAD -:- MINNESOTA 130 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED CHAS. S. MARDEN President F. M. BROPHY Vice-President ORRIS OLIVER See. and Treas. Red River Farm Loan Co Farm Loans We write farm loans at reasonable rates of interest, with prepayment privileges. Also make a specialty of writing farm loans for new purchasers to include all the land indebtedness in one loan. Barnesville Office ORRIS OLIVER Moorhead Office F. M. BROPHY INTERIOR LUMBER COMPANY OFFICE AND YARD MOORHEAD, MINNESOTA Yards also located at DILWORTH DOWNER GLYNDON Everything to Build a House and Keep it Warm CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 131 'Minnesota" Paints and Oils "Louden's" Barn Equipment The Moorhead Hardware Company General Hardware and Builders' Supplies •Quick Meal" Ranges Poultry Supplies MOORHEAD LUMBER COMPANY Before you build come in and talk the matter over with us. We will give you real practical help and suggestions. You can get lumber and building materials of all classes from us at the lowest prices, quality considered. We are making a specialty of Steel Barn Equipment, Stalls and Stanchions, Barn Ventilators. Farm Gates, Fence Posts, Roofing, Stave and Crib Silos. Ask us for quotations. A. H. DAMMEN, Local Manager MOORHEAD, MINNESOTA NELS N. MELVEY General Contractor Has erected many of the best buildings in the county, including Trinity Lutheran Church, Harris Brothers' Warehouse, Rustad Consolidated School House, and resi- dences of Henry Schroeder, Otto J. Grover and M. T. Weum Plans and Estimates Furnished MOORHEAD. MINN. DR. F. H. WELCOME, President G. 0. SJORDAL. Cashier H. F. MENSING. Vice-President D. G. JOHNSON, Ass't Cashier ANDREW JOHNSON, Director NIC. NELSON, Director First National Bank of Hawley Capital, $25,000.00; Surplus, $5,000.00 Organized 1905 Genera] Banking — Savings Department Heal Estate Loans — Insurance HAWI.KN . \ll\.\ESOTA 132 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED THE COMSTOCK W. E. HUNT, Proprietor MOORHEAD -:- MINNESOTA AMERICAN PLAN, $2.25 UP Absolutely Fire Proof Lunch Room in Connection MOORHEAD PLUMBING & HEATING CO. GEO. J. THOMPSON, Prop. Plumbing, Steam and Hot Water Heating, Elective Wiring. Gas Piping Gas and Electric Fixtures School and Farm Plumbing Lighting and Heating Systems MOORHEAD, MINNESOTA 'The House of Quality and Service" A. M. HOPEMAN President RALPH PEDERSON Vice-President and Secretary A. H. ERICKSON Treasurer HOPEMAN MATERIAL CO. 'Building Material and Fuel Manufacturers of Concrete Products Jobbers of John Lucas & Co. Paints MOORHEAD, MINNESOTA FARGO, NORTH DAKOTA CHAS. R. OLIVER, Pres. P. J. SHEA, Vice-Pres. C. W. HIGLEY, Vice-Pres. N. H. STADUM, Cashier 0. C. HEYS, Asst. Cashier W. M. HIGLEY, Director First State Bank o/Glyndon GLYNDON, MINN. Capital and Surplus $12,000 Established 1902 General Banking Business Real Estate Loans, Insurance CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 133 Fred Johnson Company INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR DECORATORS Dealers in Up-to-Date Wall Paper Decorations Paints, Oils, Varnishes, Brushes, Glass, Room Moulding, Etc. Estimates Given on Work — Call and See Us. Agents for T. L. Blood & Co.'s Ready Mixed Pure Paint FRANK: A. WESTBERG, Proprietor. MOORHEAD, MINN. CONCORDIA COLLEGE A Christian School for Boys and Girls. Accredited to Colleges and Universities. Complete Courses in Collegiate and High School Work. Normal Training Department Ladies Seminary Shorthand and Bookkeeping Manual Training Drawing Voice Piano Violin Fall Term begins in September Write for Catalog to Concordia College MOORHEAD, MINN. DAVID ASKEGAARD CHRIST REHDER EUGENE ASKEGAARD President Vice-President Cashier COMSTOCK STATE BANK COMSTOCK, MINN. Capital, $10,000.00; Surplus, $4,000.00 Organized 1909 GENERAL BANKING BUSINESS— REAL ESTATE LOANS Directors: Louis Altenbernd Christ Rehder David Askegaard L. D. FOSKETT, President H. A. JOHNSON. Cashier O. R. ANDERSON, Vice-President C. R. PETERSON, Asst. Cashier ULEN STATE BANK Organized 1910 Capital Stock, $10,000.00; Surplus, $6,000.00 General Banking Business — Farm Loans Directors : Ole Skalet, H. Herzog ULEN, MINNESOTA 134 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED HENRY SCHROEDER, President A. H. COSTALN, Cashier C. A. NYE, Vice President E. D. ASKEGAARD, Ass't Cash. First National Bank MOORHEAD, MINN. Capital and Surplus $100,000.00 The Oldest Bank in Clay County Established 1881 DIRECTORS CARRIE D. HUNTOON HENRY SCHROEDER C. A. NYE JOHN COSTAIN A. H. COSTALN CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED 135 M. T. WEUM S. O. WESTBERG President Cashier JNO. OBERG R. O. HOUGLUM Vice-President Ass't Cashier The First State Bank Capital, $60,000.00 Surplus, $15,000.00 4%— INTEREST PAID ON SAVINGS ACCOUNTS— 4% Compounded Semi-Annually DEPOSIT WITH US and your savings will work for you day and night, earning interest; and the interest will also earn interest Directors : O. E. Platen, Ralph Pederson, Jorgen Jensen, Nels N. Melvey MOORHEAD, MINNESOTA 136 CLAY COUNTY ILLUSTRATED P. H. LAMB, President J. WAGNER, Vice President H. E. ROBERTS, Cashier J. M. HERRICK, Ass't Cashier The Moorhead National Bank Capital $60,000.00 Surplus $60,000.00 A general banking business transacted in all its branches Accounts of firms, corporations and individuals solicited MOORHEAD -:- MINNESOTA CITIZENS STATE BANK BARNESVILLE, MINNESOTA Capita] ami Surplus $30,000.00 The Bank Thai Gives Personal Service We Paj -V , [nteresl on Time Deposii - J. S. CJLLAND, President W. S. ATKINSON, Vice-Presidenl W. s. LEE. Cashier W. A. LINDQUIST, Asst. Cashier A. C. HUXLEY Auctioneer fifteen years' experience selling pure-bred Live Stock, Real Estate and Farm Sales. Have worked on largest sales held in America. Write for dates before booking your sales. Address BARNESVILLE, MINNESOTA Flaten Photograph Studio Established 1ST!) by O. E. FLATEN Outdoor and Rural Scenes — Copies and Enlargements Cameras, Amateurs' Supplies, Developing MOORHEAD, MIXXESol \ A. M. ECKMANN, Presidenl 11. O. RASK, Vice Presiden! THEO. S. NELSON, ( ashier State Bank of Georgetown Capital $10, 1.00 :Xi:i!\L BANKING Surplus $7,000.00 FARM LOANS ( . 1 -A )R< . ET< )WN, .MINX ES( >TA LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 016 093 470