I Lie RARY OF CONGRESS. I # of work with- t>ut being curlH\l, must not be thrown aside bi^cause he has curby hocks; for if his early hi\rd work did not bring them out, there is ni> tlanger that he will do so now. The purch:iser must now stimd facing the horse's head, and observe if the horse moves his legs rt\gul}vr without favoring one or the other, and see if he is knock- kneed or Innv-knoiHl, and if either, he is almost sure to strike one leg with tlie luH>f ot" the other, a bad imd often dangerous fault. Cat-hiunnud hoi-ses are those whose hocks ju-e drawn in. and this is a sign of weakness This examination being over, the buyer will look tv) the seversil leg-s for marks of unsoundness, such as splints, ringbones, and danniged sinews in the forelegs, and in tlio hind leg's : bvuie. blovHi or bog spavins : curl^. thoroughpins and ringbones. These ;uv the points the buyer should look at ; but, even if he is a good judgi\ my advice is to never buy without a gUimmty that all is right, THK WAY TO FIND 011^ A llOKSE'S AGE, Theiv sire two sets of ttvth, the tirst of which is called the n\ilk teeth, which come In fon^ the horse is one year old : and the Sv coi\d are permanent, w hich tvme after the former have fallen out, :uid this is ivn\pleted when the horse is five years old. HINTS AND HELPS TO HORSEMEN. 39 The nippers are the most uniform in their progression, and of these there are six ; those farthest from the centre are termed * * corner teeth. " These comer teeth, and, in fact, all of the nippers, are made of a bony substance, inclosed in enamel, which gives hard- ness to the teeth. The milk teeth gif e place to the permanent set, in the following order : the middle nippers at two and a half to three years ; the next pair at three and a half to four years, and the corner teeth at four and a half to five years. When five years old, the corners are up even with the other teeth, the mark is entirely worn out from the middle nippers, and partly worn from the next pair. When six years old, the mark is nearly gone from the second pair, and the outer edge of the comer teeth is worn down. When seven years old, the mark is entirely gone from the second pair ; the edges of the corner teeth are worn somewhat flat, though there is yet a slight cavity in the centre. When eight years old, the teeth of the lower jaw are worn entire- ly flat, the mark having disappeared fi'om all of them. The sur- face of the tooth has become oval in form, and the central enamel is long from side to side, and is near \o the front of the tooth. When nine years old, the middle nippers are rounded on the inner side, the oval of the corner teeth and second pair becomes broader, the central enamel is nearer to the inner side, and the marks have left the upper jaw. When ten years old, the second pair are rounded on the inner side, and the central enamel is very near to the inner side. When eleven years old, the corner teeth are rounded, and the cen- tral enamel becomes very narrow. When twelve years old, the nippers are all rounded, and the cen- tral enamel has entirely left the lower j^w, but it may be seen in the upper jaw. When thirteen years old, the middle nippers commence a triangu- 40 HINTS AND HELPS TO HORSEMEN. lar form in the lower jaw, and the central enamel has disappeared from the corner teeth of the upper jaw. When fourteen years old, the middle nippers have become triangu- lar, and the second pair are assuming that form. The central enamel has diminished in the middle nippers of the upper jaw. When fifteen years old, the second pair have become triangular, the central enamel is still visible in the upper jaw. When sixteen years old, all of the teeth in the lower jaw have become triangular, and the central enamel is entirely removed from the second pair in the upper jaw. When seventeen years old, the sides of the triangle of the middle nippers are all of the same length ; the central enamel has entirely disappeared from the upper teeth. When eighteen years old, the sides of the triangle of the middle nippers are longer at the sides of the teeth than in the front. When nineteen years old, the middle nippers become flattened from side to side, and long from front to rear. When twenty years old, the second pair assume the same form. When twenty-one years old, all of the teeth of the lower jaw have become flattened fi'om side to side, their greatest diameter being exactly the reverse of what it was in youth. CHAPTER ELEVENTH. THE PROPER WAY TO FEED A HORSE. It is well known to those who thoroughly understand the horse and his habits, that his entire health, fitness for work, and, above all, his value, depends altogether on his food, the amount he eats, whether it is good or bad, and the punctuality in giving it to him at regular hours, I remember once in Washington, when Doctor Leiberman was lecturing me on account of my irregular habits of living, he actually compared me to a horse, which, at the time, I thought was horrid ; but now I know that he was perfectly right when he said: " If I feed my horse to-day at twelve o'clock, to- morrow at two, and the next day at eleven, my horse will not pull my carriage, and so it is with you. To be able to live and keep up your condition, you must eat regularly, and if not, you will be like my horse — not abl« to pull. " Careless grooming, wretched stabling, and ragged clothing is bad enough, but it must be said, that the evil most horses labor under, and the disgrace of most stables, is. bad feeding ; and often when the owner is -liberal in expenditures, and when nothing else is necessary, except intelligence, and a pro- per knowledge of the horse and his wants. A horse should be fed according to his work, and be^re he sheds a tear at seeing the first light of day, his dam should not only be well fed, but properly taken care of. If to ill-treat them before the birth of the foal, and expose them to the sudden changes of the weather without shelter, and without food except such as the 42 HINTS AND HELPS TO HORSEMEN. mare can pick up in the pasture, then the breeder need not be as- tonislied at seeing an animal that ought never to have come into the world for very shame of its owner. ' * Penny wise and pound foolish " will never pay the breeder who undertakes it. From the time of its birth, a foal should be treated according to its blood ; and here be it understood, that no one expects a foal, thtf produce of a Norman, Canadian, or a cart stallion out of a common mare, and of whom it is expected to do nothing but drudgery all its life, ought to command the same attention and care that a thor- oughbred should receive ; but, nevertheless, it may be said, that 11 it is worth the trouble to raise any kind of colt, it is worth while to raise a good one ; for to a man of feeling, the trouble is j ust the same. As the foal is growing, he should be petted, and coaxed to eat of oats out of the hand, and after awhile he will take to them kindly, and like ' ' little Oliver, " will be crying for more. Then please him by dealing out every day in his little trough a quart or two, and in- crease gradually to a full peck, during the first year ; and to two pecks added to his grazing in summer, and his chopped straw, hay, or other feed in winter, of his second year ; will reward his owner ten-fold all it cost him. A foal thus treated, at two years old, will be the equal of any three- year old that is treated otherwise, and this, in itself, exemplifies the story about " penny wise." Any man who is fond of children .will treat a foal, in the same spirit of kindness he would a child, and those who do not do it, look in their own light ; and even with an ordinary foal this kind of treatment will be a hundred dollars more in the owner's pocket when the foal is three years old. Good food to the^oal, and plenty of it, is like rain and sunshine to the flower, for both grow when kindly refreshed. Wlien we come to the working horse, and those that are supposed to be what is called fast working horses, give them more grain than hay, then watch the result. As for road horses, or a carriage team, HINTS AND HELPS TO HOESEMEN. 43 from eight to ten pounds of the best hay, and twelve quarts of heavy oats, daily, is a sufficient allowance. On opening the stables every morning, the first thing that should be done, is to feed with a lock of hay and half a pail of water, and when the stables are thor- oughly cleaned, aired and littered, and when they are neatly groomed, give thpm the other half pail of water and four quarts of oats, unless they are going out ; and when they have nipped all this, indulge them still further with five pounds of hay, put in their rack, and let them remain dark and quiet. But should they have an early trip to make, give them six quarts of oats at their morning feed, but no hay. At noon, repeat the morning exercise, and after they return from their afternoon trip, they should be first cleaned, then watered, giving them the balance of the oats, and let them munch on the hay left in the rack until morning. This is diet enough, for one day, for horses that do not travel twenty miles a day, and do that at their leisure ; a few nicely washed car- rots, given once or twice a week, will improve their coat, be of as- sistance to their wind and stomach, and they will show signs of gratitude to the donor. A handful of clover, meadow grass, young corn, cut young, will cool their blood and greatly please them, making them fond of the hand that's kind to them. Medicine in man as well as horses is, as a rule, a humbug, for the more they get the more they need ; avoid it if possible, and, above all things, drive quackery out of your thoughts ; if the ani- mals do a hard day's work, and look played out from over exer- tion, make them a bran mash, and pour a quart of good ale into it. This will do them more good than all the drugs in a corner store. It will be found always best never to work horses for two hours after eating, for more horses have been ruined and foundered by being worked hard on a full belly, than from every other cause that can be put together. The harder the work, the sounder the food, is the right motto 44 HTNTS AND IIia.rR TO IIORREMTCN. for every owner to follow, and in this case, his oats should be mul- liplied, and his liay held back a little. Dry hay is injurious to the wind, but oats can be given with a free will to a game and hard worker. Moistening the hay and oats, and adding a littlo salt to their food, once in awhile, will be found to work well, as horses arc very fond of salt and it gives their food a relish, and (;r(!at(^s an appc^tito. A great many horsemen have a fondness for nitre, and give it in the food, for the purpose of producing a fine coat ; but the wise owner will Hhun it, as finally it will injure the horse as much as opium injures the man. Water is the hoise's greatest bl(;rising, and should be given to him in abundance, wIk^ii Ik; is cool ami (juicit, but nev(!r when ov(!rheat('d, or immcidiately bi'fore going to work, or after coming from work. If I were fitting up a stable, I should have a water trough in (;v(Ty stall, with pure water running through it all the time, and lot the horse help himself at his leisure. Of course, when heated, jaded, or tired out, I would not allow him in the stall, but would pla(U5 him in another where there was no water, and k(!pt for ilial cHpceiul purpose. This theory may be 'ixcepted to, on th(! ground tliat the horse would drink too much and extend his stomach; but this objection I will answer right now, by say- ing, that the horse is more temperate, and less of a glutton than a man, for ho never drinks unless he is thirsty, and when he has enough, he knows when to stop. To be sure, if water was allowed to li<^ in the trough, or vessel, it would become stale, and full of impurities, which would injure the horse if ho drank it ; but the noble animal is too ])articidar aboiit what he eats and drinks, and uneUian water he would not touch. My idea, however, is to have a full contimial How of fresh, pure water, passing through a i)ipe, or in any other way that is convenient, which would supply all the troughs alike ; and having a waste pipe underneath to carry off the underflow to some pond or cistern where such water could bo HINTS AND Hra.PS TO HORSEMEN. 45 used for other purposes. This could be accomplished at a small expense, and in the end the owner would be compensated in the health of his stock, and in enjoying the horse's enjoyment in being kept cool by the running waters, and in being able to keep him- self without neighing or nickering for assistance. In traveling long distances, for the first six miles of the journey, he should be driven at an easy gait, to aid his digestion ; then his pace may be made more lively, until nearing his destination or feeding place, when he should be eased up, and allowed to end his trip a little cool. While traveling, the horse ought to be watered every ten miles, and this will not hurt him, if the trip is immediately continued ; and a good rule would be to put a few handfuls of corn meal in the water, with a little salt added ; and this will not only prevent a chill, but at the same time feel like a solid meal. Although horses are the most temperate animals living, whether of the human or brute creation, still they have never been known to join any Society; and when on a long jour- ney, a cut of rye bread, steeped in ale, will do them more good than five quarts of oats ; and perhaps they won't like it ! Try them. When traveling, even if it is inconvenient to yourself, remem- ber the friend who is to obey your bidding, and carry you safely to the end of your journey. Have a little respect and consideration for him, and start at early daylight, and travel until eleven o'clock ; then rest until five, and drive until nine ; and at this rate, if treated kindly, and too much whip is not used, he will do his forty miles a day, for a month in succession, without injuring him in any way. When the day's journey is ended, and the ho^se should look somewhat tired, give him some thick, luke-warm gruel, as soon as possible ; and when cooled off, clean him well, giving him a bit.of hay to play with ; then properly blanket him, and bandage his legs, and after this is all over, give him his rations of 46 HINTS AND HELPS TO HORSEMEN. water and oats ; a good bed, and sufficient bay, and on tbe mor- row, be will be as fresb as a daisy, and eager to continue tbe journey. As said before, a borse ougbt to be fed according to bis work ; but no matter wbetber bis condition be bigb or low, good feeding will pay in tbe end ; and tbis point tbe reader can bet on. CHAPTER TWELFTH. THE STABLE AND ITS ATTENDANTS. Our climate is so cbangeable, and tbe extremes are so far apart, tbat tbe importance of tbis question is undeniable. To be of genu- ine good, tbe stable, in summer, must be airy, cool and open, so tbat a continual flow of fresb air can pass througb all day long ; and in winter it sbould be warm, free from all draugbts, except wbat is needed for ventilation. Ill vapors, and sucb like, arising from natural consequences, sbould be abolisbed by pure ventilation ; and tbe borse sbould never be allowed to stand in bis own litter, be- cause it breeds wbat is called tbe scratcbes. Tbe ligbt sbould be perfect, since it is real cruelty to animals to keep tbem in tbe dark, depressing tbeir spirits, injuring tbeir bealtb, and very often causing blindness. As borses are of a cbeer- ful disposition, sociable in tbeir manner, and full of joy wben a known friend approacbes, it is a sbame and a sin to bide tbe ligbt of day from tbem ; for tbe Maker of all made tbe ligbt, not for man alone, but for all living animals. Tbe best public stable, where eigbty or one bundred borses are kept continually, I bave ever seen, is in tbe city of Austin, Texas. The stable was built purposely for tbe comfort and health of the borses ; and as the owner, Monroe Miller, takes not only pride, but HINTS AND HELPS TO HOESEMEN. 47 interest, in the dumb animals lie owns, I take pleasure in recording the fact. His stable proper is 160 x 50, and every stall has its win- dow over the horse's head, with a miniature awning, to lower when the sun reaches that side. The ventilation is perfect ; and the drain- age is all that could be desired ; and what is the result ? When the epizootic was playing havoc with horseflesh in Texas, Mr. Miller did not lose a horse ; but, instead, it was the talk of the little city. Cleanliness, light and ventilation saved him, while in other stables king Death was snatching them away in a fearful hurry. To keep a noble and useful horse in a dark stable and then let him out in a hot summer sun, with the glare suddenly striking the eyes, is —what ? Well, I would not like to say. No stable, nor any part of one, should be under ground ; and it should have suflacient drainage, with a fall to every drain of an inch to every yard, to carry off the liquid filth of every stall. When this is looked at iu its right light, the farmer or breeder can see at a glance how he can save money by looking after the comfort of his animals. A few hundred dollars expended in this way would save thousands in time ; for when stock is taken sick, the surgeon is called in, medicine is procured, the services of the sick horse is lost, and, take it all in all, at the end of a few years it would cost the farm- er or breeder more money in trying to keep his horses well than it would to build a proper stable, and keep his animals in good health. Cobble stones, or red brick laid edgewise, makes the best flooring for a stable. A good sized frame building, loosely weather-boarded externally, lined at the distance of one foot with grooved and tongued inch boards, and having the intervening space filled with tan bark, will make a first-class country stable, because it will be cool in summer and warm in winter. " Cleanliness is next to godliness," the old saw says; and be- cause some horses, after a hard day's work in the field, or on the farm, are turned out to seek a resting place in the pasture, is no rea- son why they should not be kept clean. Cleanliness adds to health, 48 HINTS AND HELPS TO HORSEMEN. and they, one and all, ought to be thoroughly cleaned daily, no matter whether they are turned out or in. Rubbing with the currycomb or brush circulates the blood, and makes healthy perspiration ; and no horse will carry a fine coat without it. The farmer will see the necessity of having his horse washed and curried every morning before breakfast, when I tell him that it will increase the spirits of the animal, and in fitting him for his day's labor ; and when he is brought home at night, wet through, covered with mud, and generally filthy after a hard day's work, in bad weather ; the man who does not see that horse cleaned off, and made comfortable, is not fit to belong to the So- ciety for' the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. If a horse is freely fed when in that state, inflammation of the lungs or bowels, and colic will certainly follow ; and if he is not cleaned, the " scratches " are the uatural consequence. The temperature of a stable should not be above 65 degrees, and the air should be very dry ; for any kind of moisture in the stable will hang around the horses like a mist ; and when the animals are brought into the air, they will shiver just as if they had a chill. Whenever the weather permits, the horse should be dressed in the open air, for it braces him up to a degree that is astonishing ; and I have never yet seen the necessity of the attendant using the currycomb as if he was trying to tear the poor animal's skin all to •pieces. Such cruelty ought to be prevented, and such stablemen ought never to be allowed to take a comb in their hands ; but, instead, give them a hair cloth, with which they can be as rough as they please, and it won't hurt the horse half as bad. In dressing the horse, the head should be first attended to, and the hair should be lifted gently, and combed lightly ; the ears should be pulled gently with the hand, and then the whole head should be washed carefully and tenderly; for there is no animal iiving, except the- dog, that appreciates kindness more than the horse. After the bal- ance of his body is gone over in like manner, he should be wiped m HINTS AND HELPS TO HORSEMEN. 49 with clean straw till he becomes glossy ; and then, when his clothes are put on, the legs can be cleaned in the same way. When the horse is brought in wet and exhausted, and signs of inflammation show, steep a flannel bandage in cold water, wring it out, and fast- en loosely to the legs. Then cover with a linen bandage, drawn tight, and all signs of inflammation will pass away. This is about all that can be said in favor of the horse's health ; by attending to his comfort and wants, and by following the advice given, the farmer, or owner, will be repaid ; yea ! a hundred fold. CHAPTER THIRTEENTH. THE PKOPER WAY TO BREAK A HORSE. In the United States there is not one horse in fifty that is prop- erly broken, because the stock raiser takes no pains in educating him, being merely satisfied if the horse will pull a load, or take kindly to a saddle being placed on his back, expecting all the time that some buyer will come along and take him ojffi his hands. Now, this is all wrong, for a horse is like a human being in this respect ; for when a colt, he is like a child, and will learn anything you tell him, providing the faster does it all in kindness. *'As the twig is bent, so grows the tree," and this ean be said with truth about the horse ; for when young, he is flexible, and ready to fol- low where a good master leads ; naturally good natured and willing, until made vicious by the tricks of bad boys ; and there is many a bad horse to-day who would eat his own master up if he had a good chance, that would have been kind of temper and docile as a lamb, had it not been for the aforesaid boys. Now this ought never to be allowed ; boys should be punished for punishing the horse. 3 50 HINTS AND HELPS TO HQKSEMEN. A horse to be properly broken, must be under the complete control of his rider, or driver. He must be taught to carry his whole anatomy in the easiest manner possible, and, at the same time, be graceful in carriage. His neck must be like whalebone, yield- ing to hand pressure, and returning the head to its natural place the moment the hand is taken off. He must not have what is call- ed hardness of the mouth ; but if he should resist the pressure of the bit, it must be from high spirits and courage, and his mouth feel to the touch like satin. He must change his step at the bid of his di'iver, and must obey every word and touch of his owner How is this to be done? He should be handled by different persons, and be made acquainted with everything connected with harness, and then he will not be likely to run away, when any of the gear or trappings give way. While suckling, they should be coaxed and petted; eating an apple or carrot from the hands, aud taught so, that they would be afraid of nothing. A headstall having a ring attached, to which a halter can be made fast, ought to be thrown over them, and then they would learn to follow the person leading them in any pace desired. Shortly .after this, there may be strapped on their back a blanket for a short time daily ; and after, have stirrups and straps, which ought to be allowed to swing about loosp, and then he will be proof against fear, when the proper time comes to saddle him in earnest. When he is a year old, the bit should be put in his mouth once or twice a day ; and he should be allowed to play with it. After this, the colt should be worked in a circle, in a grass field, having attached to the bit a cord long enough to give him plenty of swing, and in this way the trainer can make him do his bidding ; stopping short when called on, or starting off on a gallop ; but the operator must be a man of patience, and, above all, good nature ; and if such is the case, the balance is only a matter of time. HINTS AND HELPS TO HORSEMEN. 51 A great many people put their horses to work too young, and thereby kill all the life and spirit in them ; whereas, if they would not task the colt with any work that was not actually demanded in exercise, before he is five years old, they will add from eight to ten years to his lease of life, and really get more work out of him. Following this advice will end all the trouble in breaking a colt ; and as for putting him in harness, all that is necessary, is to hitch him up alongside of an old horse, on a light farm wagon, handle him easy, speak to him in kindness, and he will soon know what you want him to do. A wild colt who has had a picnic during his early years, should be kept in the stable for a week, and by degrees made acquainted with harness, wearing it for an hour or two each day. If it is not in the power of the trainer to harness him alongside of a gentle horse, then he should be shown the wagon, and allowed to smell it until it became familiar to him, and then he can be hitched up alone without any danger ; lead him kindly, speak to him gently, and assist him by getting hold of the shaft and pulling it along, so as the weight of the wagon will not come on him of a sudden, and he will become gradually used to it, and in the end rather like it. This is the proper way to train a horse, and unless the colt is very vicious from ill treatment, this mode will prove a certainty. The wagon and harness should be very strong, so as there would be no chance of breaking ; for an accident like that might work serious injury to the horse in after times, because he never for- gets anything that frightens him. Do not whip him if possible, try the gentler method ; but if you do whip him, don't let him think you are playing with him. If the horse is trained to the saddle first, so much the better ; but, if that cannot be done, the above instructions, if carried out, will compensate the person following them. 52 HINTS AND HELPS TO HORSEMEN. THE PROPER WAY TO WORK A HORSE. There never was a greater mistake made than to say, that a man who owns a horse, and drives a horse, knows all about a horse ; for in a majority of cases, it is the very reverse. There are two classes of horses: work and pleasure; and all horses who do pulling and hauling heavy loads, are termed work horses, and the balance are horses of pleasure. It need only be said of working horses, that they should be well cleaned and fed, have their regular hours of rest, and plenty of time before their work com- mences, to digest their food. It is a mistake to say, that horses, having a long journey to go, are benefited by being driven slowly ; for if the road be good, the weather not too warm, and the load not very heavy, it will be better to drive him at the rate of eight miles an hour than at five miles an hour ; for then he will get to his stable sooner, be fed earlier, and have a longer rest for the trials of to-morrow. Of course, the work of farm horses is generally slow, and they do not need the same attention as fast working horses, and can be fed and watered at almost any time ; but with horses of pleasure, everything is different ; for as a rule, they are in the stable three- fourths of the time, and should never be taken out or driven on full stomachs ; which there is never any necessity for ; for if the stable man is apprized of their going out, he can fix the feeding time to suit the convenience of the horses. When harnessed, and the driver seated, he should never send them off with a jerk, or strike them with a whip ; but by speaking to them kindly, allow them to increase their speed by degrees ; but never force it. A steady pace, say ten miles an hour, is more preferable than sending them along by fits and starts. The less punishment a horse gets, the better for all parties ; although it is true, that a lazy horse along with a free one, must be kept up to his work ; or else the latter will be " played out " before half the trip is ended ; and in this case, the whip must be used ; but do it gently, so as to re- 1 HINTS AND HELPS TO HORSEMEN. 53 mind him of his duty, but do not hm-t him ; and in no case should the whip be given to a horse that is exhausted, for no good is gained by it; while the result may be bad. Fear of the whip causes sudden starting and stumbling,, and as the whip cannot cure it, do not use it ; but get somebody to hold the horse's head, and when you are ready, let the man lead him along easily, and in this way he will get broke off it, after a while. A good driver, going at the rate of ten miles an hour, will not drive up hill and down hill at the same rate, but will guide him- self according to the road ; and ease them up in rough places. If traveling fast, horses should have a sip of water every hour ; and if going a long distance, one feed in the centre of the journey will be sufficient. As said before, kindness goes a long way with a horse. This is the best point I can give you, and do not forget it. CHAPTER FOURTEENTH. SIMPLE DISEASES CURED BY HIMJ'LE MKTIIODS. Too luuch iiKiclicino given a horso, aclH upon him tho sumo as it does in man ; lor the more lie gets, the more lie recjuin^H ; and, in fact, instead of relieving his complaint, it only adds to it. I know this by experience ; for once upon a time, I imagintid that I had all the ills that tlesh is heir to, and tlu; mon; 1 dcxttored, the worse I got ; until I happened to fall in tlu; hands of Doctor Longrigg, of this city, who, in his own bhml manner, told me up and down that mcdictine, as a ruhi, was a grand humbug, and th(^ less a man took, the better h(i would be off. Acting on his advice^, I abstained from drugs of all kinds ; and from that time to this 1 have continu- ed to imi)rove in lu^alth, and am now as healthy as any man ought to be. 1 rcder to this, believing that man and horse are construct- ed alike, and the less niedi(;in(! either get, tlu^ blotter for both. But there are times wheji simjjle j)urgutives will (ilean out tho system, and be a benefit to any animal ; and, in my opinion, the simplest is the best; so I i)ref(!r tlu; llonuepathic. Kyst(!m ; but as many believe in the other kind of treatment, 1 will try to give tho eaKi<'St and best remedies for all diseases contained in both systems. Jn any casc^, nevi'r allow a stable attc-ndant to dosc! a hors(! unless the owner is prescnit ; for there arc! more (piaeks (HMitered in and around stables, who have sp(U'ial cures of their own for all diseases; and of all their cures there is not one that is niliable. The best way to do in all cases is, to call in the best medical au- thority and leave the horse in his hands ; and if ho has any repu- HINTS AND HELPS TO HORSEMEN. 55 tation to lose, you can bet that he will do his utmost to cure that horse. There is nothing wonderfully secret in the diseases of the horse ; and any man of book sense, and common intelligence, can manage the case himself, providing he is not in striking distance of a veterinary surgeon. A man may lose a pint of blood and not miss it ; but take five quarts from a horse and you can study the result. We believe in mashes, no matter what the complaint is ; and purgation caused by drugs, we detest. In colic, inflammation of the bowels and lungs, relief must be instant ; but as colic and inflammation of the bowels are almost similar, when first appealing, great caution should be exercised by the owner. Youatt presents the two complaints in tabular form, as follows : Colic. Sudden in its attack, and -without any warning. Pulse rarely quick- ened, in the early period of the dis- ease and during the intervals of ease ; but evidently fuller. Legs and ears of natural temper- ature. Relief obtained from rubbing the belly. Relief obtained from motion. Intervals of rest and ease. Strength scarcely affected. Inflammation of the Bowels. Gradual in its approach, with indi- cations of fever. Pulse much quick- ened, but small, and often scarcely to be felt. Legs and ears cold. Belly exceedingly painful, and ten- der to the touch. Pain evidently increased by mo- tion. Constant pain. Great and evident weakness. The remission of pain in the one and the increase in the other, will show, to the practiced hand and eye, the difference in each. Weakness never comes in colic, but shows rapidly in inflammation. The pulse of the horse is felt at the lower jaw, near the junction of the neck and head ; place the thumbs on the cheek, outside, with the nail turned upwards, and pass the tips of the fingers 56 HINTS AND HELPS TO HORSEMEN. under and inside the jawbone, feeling the artery, and ascertaining the beating of the pulse, and counting the number given in a minute. Thirty-five in a minute is the average in temperate climates ; and in Texas it ranges ten degrees higher ; but very often excite- ment causes a sudden quickening of the pulse, and the attendant should be as tender and fond as possible, so as to avoid any un- necessary alarm. Giving green corn or cold water, when the horse is heated, will produce both colic and inflammation. If the horse has colic, give at once, in liquid, held in a bottle, an ounce of lauda- num and three ounces of spirits of turpentine, in a pint of warm ale ; and in an instant the cm-e will be perfect. An injection of warm water, in which is dissolved an ounce of Barbadoes aloes, will put a stop to spasms. Rub the belly well with a hot flannel cloth and walk the horse gently afterwards, and the trouble will be over in a few moments. As the horse's blankets will be covered with per- spiration, he should be put in a roomy box and fed on bran mashes for a few days, and made to drink warm water, and nothing else. Bleeding is the best thing for inflammation of the bowels ; for after taking ten quarts from him, the swelling will subside. Give him all the warm water and thin gruel he will take, with two drachms of aloes dissolved in the water. Tincture of cantharides is an excellent blister, well rubbed in on his belly. The horse should be kept warm, with his legs band- aged, and the blood will begin to circulate ; but above all things, give him no grain, nothing but mashes; and after he re- covers, a handful of oats, three times a day, will do no harm. Fever and cold limbs always comes before inflammation of the lungs, and he will never lie down, day or night, and appears languid and careless about moving about ; and he will stand until he drops dead. In this case the horse must be bled, until he gets tired of standing ; and part of the blood should be held in a glass which, when cold, will show a thick buff color. Blister him with a pre- HINTS AND HELPS TO HORSEMEN. 57 paration made out of four parts of lard, one of rosin, and one of cantharides, and rub strong and hard. Melt the lard and rosin to- gether and add the flies. Purging is not necessary in this case ; but a dose of nitre and tartar emetic given morning and evening will be of great benefit to the horse. Keep him in a cool box with legs well bandaged, warmly blanketed, and rub his skin without Irritating him. The great desideratum^ mashes, should be given hi u ; but no grain. This disease generally ends in broken wind, and the sooner he is got rid of, the better for his owner ; but all simple diseases such as a cough, constipation, worms, distemper, strangles, etc., should be cured by the owner himself, with common medicines, which can be 'had of any druggist ; and buy the same medicine you would use yourself, if having any of those complaints. As I have said many a time before, cleanliness and proper food knocks the life out of all disease ; and if the farmer or breeder adheres to the first principles of health, there will be little need of medicine. Bleeding is generally done in the jugular vein, with a broad bladed lancet ; and when the^vein is sufficiently pressed and se- cured, so as to cause it to swell, then the point of the lancet is sent in with the left hand, and cutting upwards, makes all the open- ing necessary. When sufficient blood is taken, the cut ought to be squeezed- together and fastened with a pin. By pressing the vein below the wound, the blood will shoot out in a stream and fall clear into the bucket ready to receive it ; and it would be a good thing if the same pail was used every time ; as the amateur sur- geon would be more likely to know how much it would hold. Medicine if given in balls should never be more than an ounce and a half in weight. Take the ball in the right hand, and with the bare arm, run into the mouth as far as possible, drop the ball with a jerk, and then it is forced down the throat ; but if it should get fast, touch the chin in a playful mood, and away it goes. Purgatives I do not believe in, as a general rule ; but as desperate 3* 58 HINTS AND HELPS TO HORSEMEN. cases require desperate remedies, I will say that aloes, fresh, are the safest I know of. Five drachms is a dose at any time, and if the horse should be fed for a few days on my favorite tnashes, a small dose of aloes will do as much good as a large one ; if the horse has not had his mashes, avoid castor, olive, and linseed oils, as you would a plague ; for although some smart jockeys still use those horrid dangerous drugs, they are no good, and very likely will do harm. The best remedy for constipation I have ever seen used, was the private invention of my friend Sam Richards, in Austin, Texas ; and what those people don't know of a horse, is not worth know- ing; it was merely an injection of suds, made out of Castile soap, having a little Croton oil mixed with it. Mashes, warmth and cleanliness will cure a sudden or common cough, but darn the medicine ; let it alone. Distemper is a common complaint in a colt or filly, but, like the measles in children, once they pass through it, there is nothing more to fear. If the poo: horse should be changed into a dog, at this period of his life, the majority of wise people would say that he was mad, because he refused water, and had a flow of saliva from the mouth, and a common discharge from the mouth ; but neither the dog or horse is mad in this stage. Blister, poultice and steam, and the end will not be far off : but always remember, clean- liness and proper food. Botts and worms give some people a great deal of uneasiness ; but both are harmless while in the stomach. Any common surge will bring the white worm out of his hiding place. Aloes and warm water, in shape of injections, are the best remedy for those little pests. Nitre will relieve the bladder from all imperfections, and force an easy flow of water. The scratches are caused by neglect in drying a horse's feet and heels, when wet after a hard day's muddy work. If not taken care « HINTS AND HELPS TO HORSEMEN. 59 of, the hair drops off, the skin becomes glazed, and the heels swell ; the legs, nearly to the hock, are full of hard, thick scabs, from which matter runs that is very offensive. When this disease first appears, the free use of Castile soap and luke-warm water will work wonders ; and a bandage of flannel, wet in warm water, and allowed to dry on the part affected, will work well. Mix one ounce of lard with a drachm of sugar of lead, and anoint the sores ; while three ounces of alum, dissolved in water, and used as a wash, wherever the cracks appear. All high food should be kept away from him, and after a couple of days' diet on bran mashes, five drachms of aloes given in a ball will effect a cure ; but when the disease is al- lowed to cure itself, which it never does, carrot poultices must be put on very hot ; and, when taken away, an equal mixture of rosin and lard, melted together, to which add one part of calamus, and use as an ointment. Whenever there is fever, poultices made out of carrots will be found very beneficial. Another simple ailment is known as the thrush, which is a dis- charge of nasty matter from the frog of the foot. Get an ounce of white vitriol, two ounces of blue vitriol, which must be powdered very fine, and rubbed into two pounds of lard and one pound of tar. Cover a bundle of tow with this preparation, and, without any force, put it in the frog as far as you can, and remove it every morning. Keep the feet moist with cow dung, tar and soft clay. Wh^n a horse falls lame, after shoeing, examine the foot and see if the hoof has not been pricked by the driving of nails into the flesh. If so, inflammation will follow, and the shoe must be taken off, the nail removed, and the hole made must be opened out by paring; when a bundle of tow, saturated with Friar's Balsam, should be^ driven into the hole or sore. BROKEN KNEES. Where a knee has been broken by a fall, the wound should be washed carefully with luke-warm water, and all sand, gravel 00 HINTH AND IIICLPS TO HORSEMEN. or (lilt muHt be iiiHlaiitly rciiiovcd ; and if then! Ih much flwolliiig, do not poidticc, but f(!nn(;nt it. Kv.vp (everything Htiniuhiting, jiHtring(!nt or wunn, in the way of poultices, away, and in a HJiort time the horse will begin to improve. Wh(!n one; foot is in- junid by tho caulks of the other, the above treatment willluive the same ciTect. Strains, contusions, or wrenches, ought to be band- aged with flannel, steep(;d in hot vln(!gar and wat(!r, and repeated constant will (^nsun; a cuw. ; ])ut wh(!n there is much swelling, j)()ul- lices of carrots, linsciedor turnips, sliould be bandaged tightly ; and wh(;n th(! iiilliunmation i)asH(;M away, and lameness and weakness continue, that part ought to be bandaged nightly with a cotton cloth, steeped in cold watc^r, and tightly wrappcul in a double llanncl above that i)art. This will effect a permanent euro nine times out of ten. All 8imi)le complaints can ho attended to and cured by any per- son if the above advici! is followed, and the ingredients mentioned can be found in every hous(! ; ])ut for all serious accidents or mala- dies, it would b(5 nons(!ns{! to attempt to cure from simi)le recipes, and in such cases the best medical treatmeut is compulsory. CHAPTER FIFTEENTH, HOMCEPATHY FOR THE HOKSE. Hahnemann says : * ' In order to cure a disease, select such a remedy as is capable of producing a similar malady in a healthy person, and of such a remedy prescribe only a small dose." Now, whether this is so or not, I will not pretend to say ; but this much I do know, and that is, that I would not like to be the healthy person experimented on ; but believing that the simplest remedies are the best when compelled to resort to medicine, which I disapprove as a rule, I then pin my faith to homoeopathy, be- lieving that of the two systems this is the best. The medicines used in this treatment are generally in liquid form, and the greatest care should be taken in the mixing. The ingre- dients can be purchased at any drugstore, and are so cheap, that the farmer ought to keep a full assortment in a medicine chest ; and as each article will last for years, I think this would be a good policy. Another reason why I like this system of doctoring is, that the name of each particular medicine is familiar to everybody, and if they do no good, they can do no possible harm, being nothing but herbs, barks, and vegetable matter that we often have heard onr grandmother speak of in good old English. What harm can there be in the following, if used with discretion ; G2 HINTS AND lIKl.rS TO JCOHSKMKN. Wolf's-Hane Antimony, LKOrAKD'S-lUNK, AIuRiATio OK Ammonia, AllSKNK!, J)KA1)1,V NiOin-SlIADE, WlllTIO HUYONY, Oaiuionatk ok Lime, ('AMrilOll, IIKMI", Si'ANiHH Fly, Vkoktahlk, ('AUSTK!, (!lIAMOMll.K Kl.OWEU, I'KKUVIAN HAJIK, VVOICM SlCKI), Mkadow Makkkon, ii km lock, JllTTKK-SWKKT, Eye Ukkhit, SiLVKIl OK Sui^riiuu, II KN IUNK, Il'KC'ACUANIlA KOOT, CAKUONATK OK I'OTAHH, (Jl.UlUJ JMOHS, COIIIIOSIVK SlUfMMATE, SOLUIilJO MkKC'UKY, (iUICKHILVKIl, KiTCiiKN Salt, HALTI'KTRK, VoMU) Nut, VVlllTK I'OI'J'V, I'llOSl'llOKUS, I'LATINO, Mkadow Anemone. HUMAC!H, Savina, SruuHKi) Rye, CUTTLK-F1811, SlLKX, lUlKNT SrONUE, Ska Onion, SriNK VVKKl), IJkimstone, Tkkk ok Like, White IIkllhorb, T A UTAH Emetic, Nitric Acid, IMiosi'iiORic Acid, Tincture Suli'iiuk. There they are, and where is llic one that (;very country boy is not acquainted With ? As they are put up in liquid nhapc, talce a piece of bread, and put six drops of th(^ medicine on it ; then raiae the liorse'H liead, i)ress down the tongue, and pull it out as far as l>osHible, and then place the dose as far back as you can ; close the moulh with the hand, and with a gentle tip und(!r the chin, the hoiH(^ will be (toinpelled to swallow th(^ piece of bread. When the first d()S(! a(;ts favorably, and then a relapse should take l)la(U' icond d()S(! of the same medicine. In all rapid diseases, such as pneumonia, ghuidcrs and i)leura, the medicine should b(! given every five, ten or liftcen minutes. In serious dis- eases, an improvement is always shown after the first dose, and that is the time to repeat it, when the second dose will, in all liko lihood, ])(!rfe(;t a cure. When the disease becomes chronic for the time of four days, the medicine should be given as described ; but if there are any signs of the complaint becoming better, then stop HINTS AND HELPS TO HORSEMEN. 63 giving medicine for awhile ; repeat the medicine if the improve- ment stops ; and if there should be no improvement in a few days, change the medicine. For burns, bruises and all other injuries, take arnica, Symphytum and urtica urens, from twenty to thirty drops in half a pint of water, and according to directions given use it. In this treat- ment, as in everything else, a proper diet, and attention to cleanli- ness will have great weight in assisting the medicine to make a cure. Everything that interferes with the regular mode of physic- ing, must be disregarded ; but simple injections of salt water and soap will do no harm. Half an hour should intervene between the medicine and food. In the treatment of sick animals. Rush says : As soon as an animal becomes sick, let it be immediately placed in a house by itself. This is necessary, both for the welfare of the sick animal and for the safety of others. The house that the animal is placed in ought to be warm, wel^ lighted and ventilated, and, above all, kept scrup- ulously clean. Let the person who attends to the wants of the animal, be very cautious to approach in a quiet manner, never making any unnecessary noise, or do anytliing to irritate the ani- mal, when in a state of health. In rapid diseases, no food should be given, until there is a change for the best, and then in light feeds. Bran maybe given either dry or wetted, whichever way the animal prefers it. Oats may be given mixed with the bran, either raw or crushed, or whole or boiled. It is necessary to keep the animal without food or water for half an hour before and after administering the medicine. In acute diseases, it is necessary to repeat the dose every Jive, ten, fifteen or twenty minutes. In less acute diseases, every two, four, six or eight hours. In chronic diseases, once in imenty-four hours is sufficient. 64 HINTS AND HELPS TO HORSEMEN. KEMKDIES FOR SPECIAL. DISEASES. The principal medicine to be used in this disease is Sulphur, of which six drops must 'be given every daj'^ for three weeks; after- wards, the following medicines will be found useful : Arseuic, Cuttle-Fish and Sumach. If the hair falls off, and the skin, becomes loose and flabby, or if there are any ulcers with hard ^ed edges, use Arsenic. Do.se— Six drops night and morning. Outtle-Fish, if the parts affected are tender, and the animal shrinks when touched, or if there are white looking blisters filled with a watery fluid. Dotfe—Slx drops night and morning. Sumach, if there are hard, elevated patches or scabs that do not fall off of themselves, and, if taken off, others • soon form in their places. Dose— Six drops, three times a day, until better. • Remedies. — Wolfs-Bane, Arsenic, Peruvian Bark, Sumach and Tree of Life. Wolf's-Bane, if accompanied with fever, in which case the swelling is hot and painful, the animal refuses to eat, is restless, and moves about from place to place. Dose — Six drops or twelve globules, three or four times a day. Arsenic and Peruvian Bark alternately, if the swelling is cold. Dose — The same as prescribed for wolf's-bane. Sumach, if with hot swelling there is great stiffness of limbs. Dose — Six drops or eight globules, morning, noon and night. Tree of Life, if there are any pimples or hard patches, or if the animal frequently stretches his limbs, and a crackling is heard at the same time. Dose—'VhQ same as the last. HINTS AND HELPS TO HORSEMEN. 65 Scratches- Rkmedies. — Tree of Life^ Spurred Rye^ Arsenic, Quicksilver and Sulphur. Tree of Life, both internally and externally, if they are bluish and brownish excrescences, which bleed on the least touch, and there is a discharge of fetid matter. Dose — Six drops three times a day ; at the same time the parts may be bathed with the strong tincture night and morning. Spurred Rye and Arsenic may be used in alternation, if there is a watery swelling or dark looking ulcers, with fetid discharge. Dose — The same as directed in the last ; internally. Quicksilver, when there are numerous small ulcers that dis- charge a thick matter, and bleed when touched. Dose — Six or eight drops twice a day. It is necessary to give a dose of Sulphur once a week during the treatment, and keep the legs clean by washing them with warm water. Forni-der. Remedies. — Wolfs-Bane, White Bryony, White Hellbore, Ar- senic and Sumach. Wolfs-Bane, if there is inflammation ; the animal stands as if rooted to the spot, the breathing is hurried and interrupted, the breath is hot, and the pulse accelerated. Dc»«<3— Six drops every one, two and three hours. White Bryony, complete stiif ness of the limbs, with swelling of the joints. Dose — Six drops every two hours. White Hellbore, if it is brought on by violent exercise. Dose — The same as wolf's-bane. Arsenic, if it is caused by bad or heating food, or after a cold drink when overheated. Dose — Six drops every one, two and three hours. 66 HINTS AND HELPS TO HOKSEMEN. Sumach, if there is much pain in the feet, and the animal is very- stiff in his movements. Dose — Six drops or eight globules three times a day ; at the Bame time the limbs may be bathed with a solution of Sumach, extern- ally, twice a day. Hide Bound. Remedies. — Arsenic, Antimony, Qidclcsilver and Sulphur. Arsenic, if there are hard scurvy patches about the skin, cold- ness of the skin, general emaciation and loss of strength. Dose — Six drops three times a day until better. Antimony, if there are rough scales on the skin, coat very rough, loss of appetite, and excessive thirst. Dose — Six drops in a little water night and morning. Quicksilver, if the animal has fits of shivering ; the hair falls off from various parts and leaves the skiruof a dull leaden color ; vora- cious appetite, or unnatural appetite ; eating of dirty litter and even dung. Dose—^ix drops night and morning. Sulphur, as an intermediate remedy, may be given twice a week during the whole treatment. i)(?«e— Six drops in a little water. Remedies.— rmciwr^ of Sulphur, Phosphoric Acid, Sea Onion and Arsenic. Tincture of Sulphur is considered most specific for this disease. Dose^^ix drops night and morning, until cured. Phosphoric Acid is used in the same way, providing the former does not reach the disease. Sea Onion, if there is fever or inflammation of the parts. Dose — Six drops night and morning. HINTS AND HELPS TO HOESEMEN. 67 * Arsenic, if the discharge is very fetid, and there is lameness, the foot very hot and painful. Dose — Six drops three times a day. IMeg-rims. Remedies. — Wolf's-Bane, Deadly Night-Shade, Arnica, Opium and Sulphur. Wolf's-Bane will be serviceable, and may always be given, es- pecially if dui'ing an attack the horse falls down, and in trying to get up, falls. Dose—Yoxa: drops every hour imtil delivered, after which it may be repeated at longer intervals, increasing them until the horse is cured. Night-Shade, if the animal turns quickly around, falls down and continues to struggle and lie quietly. Dose — The same as before. Arnica, if the disease is supposed to arise from mechanical in- jury- Dose — Six drops every hour. Opium, if the animal lies stupid as if dead. Dose — The same as the last. Iiiflaim.iii.ation. of tlie DBrain. Remedies. — Wdfs-Bane, Deadly Night-Shade, White Hellbore and Opium. Wolf's-Bane, in the very commencement of the disease, if the pulse is accelerated, fever, congestion towards the brain, rapid breathing, and trembling of the whole body. Dose — Six drops every twenty minutes until several doses have been taken, or the violent symptoms have passed away, after which the following remedy should be thought of : 68 HINTS AND HELPS TO HORSEMEN. Belladonna, if the animal has a wild look and dashes about furi- ously, which indicates violent congestion of the brain. Dose — Six drops put on the tongue every thirty minutes, until the violence is subdued. White Hellbore, if the legs and ears are very cold, with trem- bling of the whole body ; or where there is a staggering motion, and the horse plunges, falling head foremost. Dose — The same as the last. Opium if, after the fit, the horse stands perfectly quiet, with eyes fixed on vacancy, and the tongue black or leaden in color. Dose—^'xx. drops every half hour, according to his condition. Remedies. — Wolf's-Bane, Nux Vomica, Bitter-Sweet, Sumach, White Bryony, Arsenic, QaicksiCver and Meadow Anemone. Wolf's-Bane will be useful in the beginning of the disease if there is fever and heat of the body, restlessness, short breathing, red urine, thirst violent, and the nostrils stopped up. Dose — Six drops every three hours, until better. Nux Vomica, if the tongue be coated white, with the mouth dry, a nasty odor coming from the mouth, and a bloody or watery discharge from the nose. Dose—^\x drops twice a day. Bitter-Sweet, if the attack is brought on from exposure, and the horse is drowsy. Dose — Six drops twice a day. Sumach, if- the cough is short and the nostrils stuffed up. Dose— Fowv drops three times a day. White Bryony, if the breathing is difficult, the cough dry, and the nose swelled. Dose— YoMT drops three times a day. . HINTS AND HELPS TO HORSEMEN. 69 Arsenic, if the discharge continues too long, the nostrils become corroded. Dose— Six drops twice a day. Quicksilver is good in the first stage of the disease. Dose — Six drops three times a day. Meadow Anemone, if the discharge is green and the cough loose. Dose — Six drops three times a day. Remedies. — Bttter-Sweet, Nux Vomica, Sea Onions, WJdte Bry- ony, Muriate of Ammonia, Meadow Anemone and Cluhh Moss. Bitter-Sweet, if the cold comes from exposure, and there is a slight discharge from the nose. Dose — Five drops three times a day. Nux Vomica, if it be a dry cough, and when leaving the stable it commences. Dose — Five di'ops three times a day. Sea Onions, if the whole body shakes, and the horse groans be- fore coughing. Dose— FoMv drops twice a day. White Bryony, if the cough has lasted for any length of time. Dose—^\x drops night and morning. Muriate of Ammonia, if th"fe horse is losing flesh, and about to choke or vomit. Dose — Four drops every three hours. Meadow Anemone, if from the cough there comes a bad smell, or the horse becomes easily frightened. Dose— Your drops every three hours. Clubb Moss, if drinking incites the cough, and makes it come on in fits. Dose — Six drops three times a day. 70 HINTS AND HELPS TO HORSEMEN. • During this sickness, raw or boiled carrots are the best food to give the horse, Avith plenty of oats and mashes thrown in. Sore Tlivoa^t. Kkmkdies. — Wolf's-Bane^ Quicksilver, Belladonna, Burnt Sponge, Cluhb Moss and Sulphur. Wolf s-Bane, if the fever is attended by dry heat, and the parts touched afe red and swelled, with great thirst and swallowing not easy. Dosc—FowY drops every two hours. Quicksilver, if the glands of the neck arc swelled, and much frothing of the mouth. Bose—^ix drops three times a da}'-. Belladonna, if the breathing is difficult and the throat shrinks, with difficulty of swallowing. Bose—^ix drops three times a day. Burnt Sponge, if the breathing is accompanied with a rattling sound, and the horse, in turning his head, appears to be suffo- cating. Bose—Slx drops every two hours. Sulphur, in contrary cases, with painful swelling. Dose — Six drops night and morning. Clubb Moss, if the mouth smells badly, with sweating and swelling of the under jaw. Bose—Six drops morning and niglft. Iiillamiiifvtioii oPtlxo Idling's. Kemedies. — Wolf S-Bane, Phosp)horus, WJdte Bryony, Belladonna, Tartar Emetic, Liver of Sulphur, Quicksilver, Ipecacuanha, Sumach, Sea. Onion and, Sulphur. Wolf s-Bane, if there is much fever and a quick pulse, dry skin and thirst, this remedy is considered the best if used immediately. i)(>s<3— Four 'drops every twenty minutes for three hours, and then lessen the dose. HINTS AND HELPS TO HORSEMEN. 71 Phosphorous may be used^ after wolf s-bane has eased the pain. Dose— Four drops every two hours until the violence ceases. White Bryony can be used if the breathing be difficult. Dose—^he same as the last. Belladonna, if the cough is dry, and the breathing difficult. Dose — The same as the last. Tartar Emetic, if the cough comes on irregular, and the pulse can hardly be felt. Dose — Four drops every three hours. Liver Sulphur, if abscesses are formed, and the breathing is deep. Dose — Six drops three times a day. Quicksilver, if the cough is dry, and the discharge great, smothered breathing, and sweating. Dose — Six drops three times a day. Ipecacuanha, anxious breathing, red eyes, and a noisy throat, Dose — Six drops every two hours. Sumach, if the chest is oppressed when breathing, the nose red and painful to the touch, and a spreading of the legs. Dose — Six drops every two hours. Sea Onion, violent cough, and a longing wish to urinate. Dose— Four drops every two hours. Sulphur, getting relief by spitting, with discharge of lumpy, green matter. Dose— Six drops three times a day. For the first few days no food must be given, except cold bran mashes, carrots, and a little hay ; but if everything goes on right, a dose of oats can be given. Cleanliness and plenty of cold water will work the rest. Influenza.. • Remedies. — Wolffs-Bane, Quicksiher, Belladonna, Arsenic, and White Bryony. 72 HINTS AND HELPS TO HORSEMEN. Wolf's-Bane is always used in the commencement, and if swell- ing, sneezing, or dry cough is shown, and running pool from the nostrils. Dose — Four drops every three hours. Quicksilver, if the eyes water, the light is offensive and the throat is filled with matter. Dose — Six drops three times a day. Belladonna, when the eyes are inflamed, fluids are hard to swal- low, and the head is affected. Dose— Four drops every three hours. Arsenic, if the body be heated, evacuation, bloody and loose, and a general weakness. Dose—Fowx drops three times a day. White Bryony is very useful, and may be substituted for wolf's-bane, if the latter has no effect. Oripes. Remedies. — Wolf's-Bane, Arsenic, Nax Vomica, Opium, ChamO' mile Flower, Meadow Saffron and Henbane. Wolf's-Bane, if the pulse is fast and the mouth dry. Dose — Four drops every fifteen minutes ; and if the third dose does not bring relief, take up the next remedy. Arsenic, if indigestion or bad food is the cause. Dose — Six drops every hour. Nux Vomica is only useful when constipation is the cause. Dose—'^ix drops every hour. Opium, when nux vomica fails, opium will be a success. Dose—Fowv drops every two hours. Chamomile Flowers, when the horse is restless, and the bowels are relaxed, and an evacuation soon follows an attack of pain. Dose—^ix drops every hour, until the case improves. HINTS AND HELPS TO HORSEMEN. 73 Meadow Saffron, if green food is the cause, and the horse strikes at his belly with his hind feet. Dose — Six drops every hour. Indig-estioii.. Remedies. — Antimony, Ipecacuanha, Nux Vomica, Arsenic, Peruvian Bark, Silex and Sulphur. Antimony, if the appetite is lost, and there is a craving for drink, with offensive discharges. Dose — Six drops night and morning. Ipecacuanha, if the passage is green, and the food is vomited. Dose — Six drops night and morning. Nux Vomica, in case of constipation, this remedy is very good. Dose — Six drops night and morning. Arsenic, if diarrhoea comes with bloody discharges. Z)ItIOE, 30 CEISTS, I»OST-I>A.H>. j^jd:d i^;e] s s. ALBEET COGSWELL, PuHislier, 46 BEEKM AN STREET, N. Y. JUST WHAT EVERY HOUSEKEEPER WANTS. TSIE L Or, How to Prenare Ice Disles at a loferate Cost. Hilt ttfl Ittiil fWtlii titti lltii FOR COOKING Soups, Fish, Oysters, Clams,, POULTRY, EGGS, VEGETABLES, SAUCEj FOR MEATS and PUDDINGS, BREAD, BREAKFAST CAKES, Etc.; PUD- DINGS, PIES, PRESERVES, PICKLES, ETC., ETC. The whole compiled and arranged by a practical housekeeper. Neatly boundj Price, post-paid, by mail, 30 cents. .A. 3D X) E, E S S 5 ALBERT COGSWELL, PuMsherj 46 BEEKMAN STREET, N. Y. ! il ll L/BRARVop mum ^O^GRess ooSft-«