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 OF MATTER. 
 
 THE LAWS AND THE 
 
 .LIFE THEREOF 
 
 gr^-Q 
 
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 By JOHN C. STALLCUP. 
 
 <5~"S*-£> 
 
 PUBLICATION LIMITED TO TWO HUNDRED COPIES 
 
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 Copyright, 1892, By John C. v Stallcup. 
 
OF MATTER, THE LAWS AND THE LIFE 
 
 THEREOF 
 
 OF THE EARTH 
 
 The following comprise some of the facts which have 
 been found and accepted by Geologists. 
 
 I. 
 
 That there have been different periods upon the earth, 
 each of an order of rocks and life peculiar thereto, and that 
 the said rocks and debris thereof contain the fossil remains 
 of the things of life of that period of the earth's existence. 
 
 II. 
 
 That the earth has always contained within its crust a 
 molten material of intense heat. 
 
 III. 
 
 ■ That the different mountain ranges of the earth were not 
 projected and formed* at the same time, but at different 
 times and w r ith long periods of time intervening. 
 
 IV. 
 
 That the mountain ranges of the earth constitute elevated 
 rims on the sides of the continents, or were so situated 
 when made. 
 
 V. 
 That mountain ranges, as to their magnitude, are in a 
 manner commensurate with the magnitude of the ocean 
 
 i 
 
2 Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 
 
 upon which they border, that is to say, the larger the ocean 
 the larger the mountains facing the same. 
 
 VI. 
 
 The mountain ranges are produced by a side pressure 
 force from the ocean side thereof, together with an uplift 
 force from underneath, elevating, breaking and crushing 
 the earth's crust upon a large scale, generally running 
 northerly and southerly at the ocean's edge of continents 
 and accompanied with the action of intense heat and water. 
 
 VII. 
 
 That at times during former periods a warm and genial 
 climate prevailed all over the now temperate, and far into 
 the now frigid zones of the earth, causing tropical products 
 to grow, where now ice prevails the year round. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 That at other times, during the earth's existence, nearly 
 all the earth from the poles towards the equator to the 
 sun's path was covered with an immense body of snow and 
 ice, these times being now referred to as the glacial period 
 or periods. 
 
 IX. 
 
 That all around the earth near to and towards, if not at 
 the poles, there is a massive deposit of ice which seems 
 permanently established there, and capable of resisting all 
 efforts of the sun's heat towards its removal. 
 
 X. 
 
 That the cold of this region, and the heat of the tropics, 
 produce the main air currents, and ocean currents, which 
 now distribute the heat and the cold upon the earth. 
 
Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 3 
 
 1 . It seems evident that the facts disclosed by the geo- 
 logical record of the earth as impressed in and upon its face, 
 since the organization of the solar system and this planet as 
 a part thereof, were so written there by the action of the 
 elements enclosed now by the earth's crust, the elements 
 composing the earth's crust, and the atmosphere and water 
 upon the earth, together with the action of the sun and 
 moon, and that the relations and actions of the other bodies 
 of space towards the earth since the time stated have been 
 constant and not distinctly productive of any of the things 
 just enumerated. 
 
 2. Many attempts have been made to account for and 
 harmonize these and other remarkable facts found in this 
 geological record, all of which have been more or less 
 unsatisfactory and unacceptable; the attempt here made to 
 that end, is based upon a proper recognition of the results 
 necessarily produced by the upheavals which produced the 
 mountains of the earth, together with other self-evident 
 facts, viz : that there was a time since the Archaean period 
 when these deposits of ice and cold, constituting the two 4 
 frigid rims or bowls of ice at the poles of the earth, were 
 not in existence at all — that they necessarily got there 
 through moisture in the atmosphere — that on the sun's 
 path an immense quantity of heat is produced by the sun 
 on the earth — that when these deposits of ice were not upon 
 the earth this heat was distributed differently from what it 
 now is. 
 
 3. I think it is evident that the earth has met with 
 several catastrophes: that in each of the same nearly, if not 
 entirely all, the living things then on the earth were destroyed; 
 
4 Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 
 
 that hy such catastrophes it is that we have marked the 
 several geological periods of rocks and life upon the earth; 
 that after each catastrophe life upon the earth was again 
 reinstated by contact of the sun's heat with the then new sur- 
 face and moisture of the earth impregnated with the 
 elements of the ocean's water and the earth's internal ele- 
 ments; and that these catastrophes w 7 ere produced by 
 upheavals of the earth's crust resulting in mountain- 
 making. 
 
 4. The glacial periods were produced by heat, water 
 and cold, and I think in comparatively rapid succession, 
 evidenced by many facts, notably the hairy elephant found 
 preserved intact in the ice of Siberia from the last 
 catastrophe. 
 
 5. The action of heat and water in the upheavals on 
 the ocean's edge in mountain-making, cracking, crushing, 
 heaving and boiling a great portion of the earth's crust and 
 ocean water like a pot of mush, eruption upon eruption for 
 quite a length of time converted to steam a vast portion of 
 the water of the ocean as it came in contact with the heat 
 from beneath the earth's crust caused by the upheaval 
 thereof ; thus, the endless water of the ocean came in con- 
 tact with the endless heat within the earth; thus, the boil- 
 ing water ascended in steam, producing a dense, moist 
 atmosphere enveloping the entire earth; dense, warm and 
 deep. 
 
 6. In time it descended upon the earth in awful rain, 
 until it turned to snow and ice, thus producing the ice of 
 the glacial period. The sun's heat being thus upon this 
 
Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 5 
 
 dense state of the earth's atmosphere, and the intense heat 
 of the earth's surface being suppressed by the ocean water 
 and rain, in time the cold commenced to set in and the 
 moisture of the atmosphere began to fall and congeal. 
 
 7. The change from the moist, heated state to the cold, 
 glacial state was as follows : The cooling of this moist 
 atmosphere first occurred at the greatest distance from the 
 equator and from the place of the upheavals ; and the fall- 
 ing and freezing of the moisture there first commenced, and 
 the cold then rapidl} 7 intensified, and thence advanced to- 
 wards the equator. 
 
 8. After the fall of this great quantity of moisture, 
 much of it being in the form of ice, upon the earth on both 
 sides of the sun's pathway, the dense state of the atmos- 
 phere was dissipated and the sun again shone upon the 
 earth, that portion covered with ice as well as that part not 
 so covered; then the thaw and the glacial movements com- 
 menced and progressed with the work of ridding the earth 
 of this pall of ice ; but such work in time reached its limit, 
 leaving that rim or bowl of ice around each of the poles, 
 and thereby leaving portions of the earth bereft of the 
 genial climate which prior to mountains prevailed all over 
 the earth. 
 
 9. Before these catastrophes laid down more snow and 
 ice than the sun could afterwards melt, the cheerful rays of 
 the sun and the unobstructed heat from the flow of the 
 warm water of the ocean at the equator gave warmth to 
 every zone, but since the deposit of this ice around the poles 
 and its permanent establishment there, the warm climes 
 
6 Of Matter, the Laics and the Life Thereof 
 
 have receded towards the equator, and the air currents of 
 the earth, and the water currents of the ocean, in the main 
 are caused by and subject to the cold of this ice and the 
 heat of the sun's path. 
 
 10. By the evaporation caused b}^ such an upheaval the 
 size and weight of the ocean were greatly decreased, but by 
 the thaw the water again returned to the ocean where it is 
 again pressing towards the distant center of gravity, and the 
 weakening of the earth's crust proceeds (by fusing, and by 
 penetration of vapor from beneath) at the place where the 
 new mountains and the ocean join. So are the mountain- 
 making forces constantly in action, and are now pressing to 
 another catastrophe unless the earth's crust is now grown 
 thick enough to resist the forces to which it has heretofore 
 3 T ielded ; which hope, however, to my mind, is without facts 
 to uphold it. By looking upon the map and observing the 
 mountains on the western border of the American conti- 
 nents, it will be seen that the earth's crust at the ocean's 
 edge must have been weakened there b}^ the breaks and 
 cracks by the upheaval process there at the time thereof, by 
 fractures on the under side thereof, and by fusing, by reason 
 of its being depressed into the molten heat underlying the 
 earth's crust ; then, whether for these reasons, or for others, 
 it is conceded by the geologists that the weakest place on 
 the earth's crust must always be along the ocean's edge. 
 
 ii. The great scope of [the Pacific extends away off 
 westward and presses its great weight towards the distant 
 center of the earth, thus producing the side pressure which 
 with the uplift forces hereinafter referred to have heretofore 
 and again must break the crust of the earth at the weak 
 
Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 7 
 
 place indicated, producing another upheaval proportioned 
 in magnitude to the weight of the ocean there. 
 
 12. It must be remembered that, in the upheavals which 
 produced the mountain ranegs upon the west side of the 
 American continents, there was involved in the erupted 
 portion of the earth's crust hundreds of miles in width, by 
 thousands in length ; and it would seem evident therefrom 
 that all living things on the earth would perish in such 
 eruptions, convulsions and upheavals. 
 
 13. It will be seen that the water of the ocean (unlike 
 the other classes of matter of the earth's composition) con- 
 stitutes a distinct and segregated element and of a 
 weight proportionately nearly equal to that of the earth's 
 crust, of incalculable magnitude, restless and surging ; so 
 it is evident that the weak places in the earth's crust sup- 
 porting this great weight of water will be effected thereby 
 and finally yield thereto. Especially when a corresponding 
 pressure is going on upon the opposite side of the earth's 
 surface, so that we have much the same result as we would 
 in pressing a ripe peach, viz : a rupture of the skin at the 
 weak place and a protrusion there ; a map of the American 
 continents with their mountain ranges and the oceans on 
 each side constitute a diagram of this view. 
 
 14. It is conceded that the projections of the mountain 
 ranges of the earth have occurred at the then ocean's edge 
 of continents, and that the earth's crust is weakest at the 
 ocean's edge, but the explanation given by some geologists 
 for the latter fact, (viz : sedimentary deposits there) is 
 vague, and to me unintelligible. 
 
8 Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 
 
 I have already set forth the claim that the ocean's weight 
 has had much to do with upheavals of the earth's crust into 
 wrinkles or mountain ranges, and have made slight refer- 
 ence to the probability that the under side of the earth's 
 crust, at the edge of the ocean or the foot of the mountains, 
 would b}^ depression into the molten matter there be made 
 thinner and weaker by fusion. 
 
 I now direct attention to another, which I believe to be 
 the prime and main factor in the making of mountains, and 
 which seems to have entirely escaped the consideration of 
 heologists. It rests upon the following facts which have 
 come under my observation : 
 
 First, descending from the summit of the Rocky moun- 
 tains eastward there is a large water-shed. 
 
 Second, it is conceded that but a very small portion of 
 the water of this surface ever reaches the foot of the moun- 
 tains on the surface ; that only a small portion of that which 
 flows into the Platte River ~ever comes down to the plains ; 
 that instead, it penetrates the earth and flows down under 
 the hard strata of the earth's crust, showing that there is 
 a subterraneous passage for the water, and thus it is that 
 we have the artisan well-flow of water from these subterra- 
 neous deposits of water on the eastern slope down to the sea 
 level. 
 
 To what depths this water penetrates, and to what tem- 
 perature of heat it reaches in this way is not known, but it 
 is evident that if it penetrates to a sufficient depth to come 
 in contact with the heat underlying it, then steam would be 
 produced and thereby a force in proportion to the quantity 
 of water and heat thus brought in contact. Now this pro- 
 cess of penetration, subterraneous passage and storage of 
 
Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 9 
 
 water, far into the earth's crust, and underneath the hard 
 strata thereof, which occur on the inland side of the moun- 
 tains, likewise occur on the ocean's side thereof, so that far 
 underneath the ocean bottom, right over where the fusing 
 occurs which has been described, there is a great body of 
 water thus deposited. 
 
 These deposits of water if deep enough in the earth's 
 crust would be in contact with the heat, and produce steam, 
 and thereby an uplifting force. That these deposits are of 
 sufficient depth to come in contact with such heat seems 
 apparent in the light of known facts and in accord with the 
 familiar characteristics of the laws of gravity. 
 
 15. Let the Geologist go to the mines of Virginia City in 
 the State of Nevada, and note the rate of increase of heat as 
 he descends into the earth's crust — he will learn that it is 
 hot enough to convert water to steam before a sea level is 
 reached ; then let him go directl} r west, out into the Pacific 
 ocean, say a hundred miles or so, and there sink an artesan 
 well ; can it be doubted that he would strike beneath the 
 hard strata of the earth's crust a vein or deposit of water 
 that would produce an artesian flow to the surface if the 
 ocean's water was not there to prevent the experiment? 
 and can it be doubted that corresponding to the wrinkle of 
 the earth's crust represented by the mountain range border- 
 ing the ocean, there was at the same time produced a similar 
 and corresponding wrinkle out at sea on the under side of 
 the earth's crust, and that that wrinkle or depression sank 
 into the molten heat there, producing results among which 
 were the following : First, a forcing of molten matter up 
 against the underside of the mountain elevation. Second : 
 A fusing to some extent of the underside of that portion of 
 
io Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 
 
 the earth's crust, which is depressed into the molten heat, 
 and the earth's crust thereby made thinner and weaker 
 than at other places. Hence, it follows that the heat and 
 molten matter therelry approaches nearer to the water in the 
 crevasses, caverns, veins and seams in the earth's crust, and 
 and thus it is that the water there is converted to steam 
 and the force is produced which lifts up and makes the 
 mountain ranges. 
 
 16. The ocean's weight is the source of the side pressure 
 and the steam force is the source of the uplift ; that both 
 these forces operate gradually for a long period of time is 
 evident ; and to my mind that they operate rapidly . in 
 the final climax is also evident ; and herein lies the 
 adjustment and merger of the views of those of the Cuvier 
 school of geologists, viz : the Catastrophic, and those of the 
 school opposing this view. 
 
 As this portion of the earth's crust lying under the sea is 
 lifted up by this force, the crevasses or fissures or seams 
 where this water is confined and wmere it is hottest, are 
 widened and the heated water and steam are extended in 
 all directions, but mainly in the direction running parallel 
 with the shore of the sea. 
 
 The evidences of a side pressure from the ocean side and 
 an uplift from beneath, are found all through the geological 
 record of the mountain ranges on the west side of the 
 North American continent ; so also is the evidence of the 
 contact of heat and water found in these mountain forma- 
 tions. 
 
 These facts, I think, give us a light by which we may 
 retrace and quite accurately read the record of events in and 
 upon the earth. 
 
Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof i r 
 
 This contact of water and heat produces a steam force 
 which lifts the earth's crust above it — gradually for a period 
 of time until the force accumulates, and the lift-up has pro- 
 gressed until the force is sufficient to burst the bounds, 
 when rapid eruption and catastrophe follow, and in the 
 rapid and catastrophic finish of the work of this accumulated 
 force the mountain ranges are produced, elevating ocean 
 bottom to great heights above the ocean level; and it is thus 
 that that portion of the earth's crust and the ocean water 
 with their salt, and other ingredients, go through a grand 
 smelting process, producing the various mineral veins and 
 deposits found in the mountains. 
 
 17. I believe in the theory held by many, viz : That the 
 materials of the earth are denser and weightier at the centre 
 and become less dense and heavy proceeding from the cen- 
 tre outward until the very top of the atmosphere is reached ; 
 and this is likewise true of the molten matter under the 
 earth's crust and likewise true with the melted and the solid 
 and whether all melted or only part melted. 
 
 18. The importance of the great carrying business of 
 heat and cold to and from the equator and the poles by the 
 ocean currents, I think have been fully appreciated, and the 
 effects thereof have been fully understood in all'their bear- 
 ings as they would be seen if these currents were to cease ; 
 were it not for the ice at the poles, we would be without 
 ihe conditions to exchange cold for heat, and this commerce 
 would cease. 
 
 For a moment view the earth as it was during the last 
 glacial period, with the ice at an incalculable depth at each 
 pole and extending towards the equator ; these ocean cur- 
 
i 2 Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 
 
 rents then did not exist as now, if at all ; then all the sun's 
 heat was held at home, at the equator, with no interchang- 
 ing currents of heat and cold in any direction. So the cold 
 in a manner stood like an unbroken wall at either side, for 
 all the ocean and air currents w r ere beoken by the catastro- 
 phe which preceded the glacial, and so remained broken 
 until new and entirely different ones were formed obedient 
 to the law. 
 
 It is evident, I think, that there was then at the equator 
 a condition of heat and moisture, also of electric and mag- 
 netic current entirely different from w T hat we have now. 
 
 19. To my mind it appears evident that under this con- 
 dition of things, by the simple operation of eternal laws, of 
 whose existence and nature we catch some glimpses, even 
 now ; there w r ere such contacts of the different elements of 
 the matter, of the sun and of the earth that the life upon 
 the earth was thereby conceived, by the contact of the sun's 
 rays with the earth's spawn in such eruption ; and that all 
 life upon the earth thus started again and in that infinite 
 variet} 7 -, which is characteristic of the expression of the laws 
 of the universe, everywhere that they are observable by the 
 mind of man. 
 
 20. Evolution goes not to that illimitable extent claimed 
 by the Darwinian school, but is confined to its limits, at 
 least so far as life upon this earth is concerned. 
 
 21. It is now conceded in the scientific circles that elec- 
 tricity and light are identical. Does it not follow that the 
 oil found in the earth, together with the coal and gas, the 
 grease in the pine and the fir, the fat in the ox and the hog, 
 
Of Matter ; the Laws and the Life Thereof 13 
 
 are simply stored electricity, all having their sources in the 
 sun's heat and its contacts, and does it not follow that elec- 
 tricity and heat are identical, that the internal portion of 
 the earth is a mere storehouse of electricity gathered from 
 the domain of space, and thus stored in the formation of the 
 earth as an inhabitant of space, that electricity, so to speak, 
 is the vital force and source of all life and all forms of mat- 
 ter in the universe ; that without electricity the universe 
 and its laws would cease, that all matter would be dead 
 and fall asunder, and is it not thus, and from thence that 
 all life and all forms of matter come ? and thus we have the 
 endless changes and the endless rounds of endless circles from 
 no beginning to no ending ; and thus it is that the matter 
 of the universe is alive, and that all manner of living crea- 
 tues spring therefrom, according to the condition of the 
 elements and the contacts thereof, and that force and matter, 
 time and space and the laws thereof are eternal. 
 
 22. These are my reasons for thinking that matter is 
 eternal. First, time, space and laws are eternal, that is, 
 ever were and ever will be (by the word matter all things, 
 electricity magnetism, etc., are comprehended). Second, all 
 matter is and ever was obedient to law. Third, something 
 comes not from nothing. Fourth, if the anomalous con- 
 dition of law 7 without matter to operate on — that is to sa} r 
 law\s of matter without matter — if such condition of noth- 
 ingness had ever existed it never would have changed but 
 always would have so remained ; therefore the existence of 
 matter under the dominion of eternal law is proof positive 
 that the}^ are coequal. Matter and the laws thereof ever were 
 and ever will be. 
 
OF MAN - 
 
 23. Man, like all things else of life on the earth, comes 
 of contact of her elements with those of the sun. The dense 
 atmosphere which covered the earth during the convulsions 
 of mountain making, necessarily retained its heat near to 
 and at the equator, and withstood the cold which prevailed 
 over the remainder of the earth's surface soon after the cool- 
 ing commenced. The electric and magnetic currents of the 
 earth were effected by the catastrophe, so that our mother 
 earth thus moistened, heated and conditioned in her mag- 
 netic and electric flush by contact with the sun's power, 
 through the long streamers or rays of light and life therefrom, 
 conceived and produced at and near the equator from that 
 spawn of her eternal resources that egg form of life which is 
 the first form of any and all life discernable to the perceptions 
 of man. In that expression of the law, in that production 
 of life, an infinite variety of creatures were shown, and thu^ 
 did life again start after the catastrophes. These creatures, 
 by contact amongst themselves in obedience to the laws of 
 their being, reproduce and propagate themselves. And all 
 this is typified in the puddle of water on the surface of the 
 earth exposed to the sun's force. When a drop of it is 
 brought under the magnifying glass, we see the multitudes 
 of living creatures who live there, and note, too, the infinite 
 variety thereof. There is no more mystery in the one crea- 
 tion than in the other ; they are alike and obedient to the 
 same laws. The difference in the creatures of the two crea- 
 tions is measured by the difference in the conditions of the 
 elements and contacts producing the two. 
 
 14 
 
Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 15 
 
 24. It- will be remembered that artesian water, such as 
 we have in Colorado, isentirely clear of life when it flows to 
 the surface. 
 
 25. The earth is truty the mother to all things, she 
 nourishes upon her bosom, and with the aid of the sun she 
 has given birth to them all — all of the varied families of 
 men, animals, fowls, fishes, trees, herbs and insects ; and 
 the variety was as great if not greater in the first instance 
 in each creation in the respective periods as ever afterwards 
 in the same period. 
 
 26. The many combinations of heat and moisture which 
 produce life illustrate and show in a typical way, I think, 
 the source of life on this earth to be as stated. 
 
 27. The heat and the moisture which grow and mature 
 the plant, decay and destroy it ; and in like manner is man 
 produced and destroyed, the same forces which make, 
 unmake him and this seems in accord with the laws of per- 
 sistent force, and eternal and continuous change. 
 
 28. All things of the universe, so far as we can trace 
 them, seem typical one of another. 
 
 29. Electricity is omnipresent and doubtless is (so to 
 speak) the nerve force of the universe and may be the basis 
 of all force and all life. 
 
 The source or origin of life in the puddle of water 
 referred to, is typical of the source and origin of the life of 
 large creatures. The life we see in the water exposed to 
 the sun's heat is in the same degree and fully typical of the 
 
1 6 Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 
 
 life which sprang from the condition of things pro.duced by 
 the upheavals in mountain making, as I have conceived the 
 process thereof, and in accordance with the same laws. 
 
 30. I believe in the Cuvier theory of geology, to- wit : 
 Catastrophic with new creations after each catastrophe. 
 While Cuvier nor any other to my knowledge ever made 
 any attempt to state the cause of these catastrophes, I think 
 it is manifest that they occurred in the mountain making of 
 the earth, and that the process making thereof was rapid 
 and in the manner stated. The conditions of the elements 
 of the earth, her heat and moisture in contact with the sun's 
 heat, during and following the grand convulsions of the 
 earth in her mountain making were as much grander than 
 the conditions and elements producing the living creatures 
 in the puddle of water, as man and the animals are grander 
 than those creatures. 
 
 31. This creation or production of man and the animals 
 and all things else on earth, was expressed by this law the 
 same as the type I have referred to, and not by producing a 
 single kind or class, but by producing a variety of men and 
 animals ; whales and fishes, eagles and birds, oaks and 
 weeds, etc., in the first instance. 
 
 32. This view is not in accord with the Darwinian 
 theory of Evolution and the descent of Man. The French 
 w r ere the leaders in scientific thought a hundred years ago, 
 and so continued. Cuvier in his day stood at the head of 
 them all. The French have never adopted the Darwinian 
 theory but have emphatically rejected it ; and this is sig- 
 nificant, in view of the fact that much of the lore our 
 
Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 17 
 
 scientists are now building upon, is from this same Cuvier 
 and the French thinkers of his day. Nothing of Cuvier' s 
 theories are rejected except his catastrophic theory with its 
 new creations, and these are rejected by Haeckel and others 
 of the Darwinian school for the reason that they are sup- 
 posed to conflict with the Darwinian theory of Evolution. 
 
 33. L,aw is eternal ; it will produce the same to-day that 
 it did yesterday if the conditions are the same ; and if the 
 conditions are similar the products will likewise be similar. 
 By the law of eternal force there never is any halt, hence 
 the conditions can never be the same. It is apparent to the 
 mind of man that persistent force, continuous and eternal 
 change are often characteristics of the laws of matter. 
 HaeckePs two Volumes entitled ' ' The History of Creation ' ' 
 constitute probably the strongest and most exhaustive argu- 
 ment in favor of the Darwinian theory of creation ; how- 
 ever he recognizes the fact that Cuvier and the whole French 
 mind including Prof. Agassiz are opposed to the same. 
 
 The catastrophic theory with its new creations seems in 
 accord with all things observable, by the mind of man. 
 
 The .single instance of the elephant in the ice of Siberia, 
 seems to me to be of more weight than all that is relied 
 upon in support of the Darwinian theory. This elephant 
 is a product of a period since which a catastrophe has 
 occurred, and one too, which has changed the clime of 
 Siberia from a clime where the elephant lived, to eternal 
 ice ; that the catastrophe was rapid in its progress from 
 warm to wet and from wet to cold, is evidenced in the per- 
 fect preservation of the elephant as he was in his life ; had 
 there been intervening time the flesh upon his bones would 
 not have been there when he was lodged in the freeze of 
 
1 8 Of Matter, the Laivs and the Life Thereof 
 
 the water which from thence hitherto had held him intact, 
 so that the dogs gnaw his flesh when he is taken from his 
 tomb of ice where he has been for thousands if not millions 
 of years. 
 
 34. This one instance and the facts shown thereby, are 
 of much greater weight than the main points of the Dar- 
 winian theory, viz : Embryology and the similarity of the 
 points found in man and the animals. 
 
 All things produced by the same laws must be similar, 
 the variety occurs according to the peculiar conditions and 
 circumstances attending at the time and place of their 
 inception. In the great family of planets, suns and stars, 
 etc., inhabiting space, there is a great variety, yet similiar- 
 ity. We see the same similitude yet variety in the weeds, 
 the grasses and the herbs with their great variety in medic- 
 inal and other qualities ; why not the same with animals 
 and man ; such seems to be the manner of expression under 
 the eternal laws of the universe. And there is nothing to 
 show that the lines of distinction between the vegetable and 
 animal kingdoms were not always as marked as the}^ are 
 now, nor is there anything to show that there was ever dur- 
 ing this period any less variety than now in either. 
 
 35. The seed of life is in the mother earth, probably in 
 that portion impregnated with the elements of the ocean's 
 water and the earth's internal heat ; the sun's contact there- 
 with is what brings forth life and living things, and there is 
 no more mystery in this than in the ordinary contact of 
 insects, animals and man, which lead to and produce con- 
 ception and life. And such life is fashioned by the condi- 
 tions of the elements attending. This characteristic seems 
 
Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 19 
 
 to be marked and emblazoned in glaring colors in all the 
 records of onr earth of past and present time. 
 
 36. Truths are not made nor created. Natural laws, 
 laws of force, of space, of matter, of time, mathematical 
 truths, and principles, are eternal ; they ever were along and 
 co-existent with time, space, and matter. 
 
 37. It seems that man is a recent comer here ; but yes- 
 terday he did not exist on this earth nor anywhere else, so 
 far as we can know ; there is no record of him in the geo- 
 logical records of the past periods of the earth's career. 
 This is really the morning of the first day of his existence 
 here or anywhere. Counting a geological period a day it 
 is probable that this may be the last day of his existence 
 here or anywhere ; for doubtless this earth will meet with 
 another catastrophe in which her creatures will perish, and 
 the new creation which will follow will be in accord with 
 the elements and their conditions then. 
 
 The grandest specimen of that expression here then of 
 the laws may be inferior to man and it may be superior 
 to him. In this great machinery of the universe held 
 together and run by these laws, laws co-existent with time 
 and space, where, and what is Divinity ? And is there any 
 cord of sympathy between Him and man ? I have searched 
 for it, in the wake of the cyclone and the earthquake, in the 
 prisons for those bereft of reason and hope, in the groans of 
 the tortured, in the roaring ocean, in the starry night, in 
 the records of our mother earth, but in vain. These, and 
 all that I can see or find are dumb subjects to relentless and 
 eternal laws, that know not pity nor sympathy. Laws 
 unknown and unknowable — before which man and all 
 
20 Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 
 
 creatures of the earth, from the king on his throne to the 
 spider in his web, struggle for the maintainance of their 
 frail existence. 
 
 38. Man, like all things we can see, is the creattire and 
 the victim of these laws ; he is the highest order of all 
 creatures of which we have knowledge ; hence the extrava- 
 gant conceptions we have of his possibilities and his rank. 
 The flashes of his intellect are like the dew drops in the 
 morning sun, the rainbow in its dazzling splendor ; these, 
 and all things, man, grass, and the animals, come and go 
 alike ; the incident, ^the sport, the playthings of the eternal 
 laws of the universe, and there is no beginning nor end to 
 these laws and their operations. 
 
 39. Time is eternal ; that is, ever was and ever will be. 
 The human being stands in the overawing presence of this 
 truth like a bubble in the boundless ocean. 
 
 40. Space is eternal ; that is, without beginning or end- 
 ing. While the human mind is able to state this truth it 
 cannot comprehend its significance. 
 
 41. Matter, including the elements from which all 
 things come, Electricity and no one knows what else, is 
 likewise eternal and has always be#n subject to laws. 
 While there can be no doubt of this, man cannot compre- 
 hend the full force thereof. • 
 
 42. These elements are co-existent with the laws of the 
 universe, to which they are and ever have been subject, and 
 all things that are or will be, accord therewith and flow 
 therefrom. 
 
Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 21 
 
 43. If these laws and Divinity are one and the same, 
 then Divinity is without human sympathy ; not a personal 
 being ; not fashioned like the human creature ; and as yet 
 is without sympathy with him in his woes and his insig- 
 nificance. 
 
 44. In each production of a man, whether in the orig- 
 inal creation or the subsequent repetition of a similar pro- 
 cess by man in his own sexual operations, a new identity is 
 produced, an identity which did not before exist. It would 
 seem that when these materials bloom and decay and again 
 go into the boundless sea of matter, that this identity is 
 lost ; the same with man as with any other thing ; the dew- 
 drop, the rainbow, the insect, the animal and man ; all seem 
 doomed to lose their identity in the destruction of the life 
 thereof, of which there is no retraction. 
 
 45. Man finds himself in a struggle to maintain his exist- 
 ence, and this is done by selfish action ; for selfishness in this 
 struggle is essential to his existence. It is not in violation 
 of law, but in accord with the law of self-preservation. 
 Man in his present environments cannot get away from 
 the dominion of this law any more than the rattlesnake can 
 get away from his rattles and his fangs of poison. The hope 
 that man will learn to give his cloak to him who has 
 taken his coat, seems vain and delusive ; in his 
 attempt so to do he sacrifices himself upon the altar of 
 a beautiful ideality. 
 
 Man cannot avoid this struggle for existence, for he can- 
 not annul the laws of his being, neither can he reverse or 
 change them. By these laws, exertion is necessary to his 
 existence and he is likewise b}^ the same laws impelled to 
 
22 Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 
 
 that exertion. So long as this is so, selfishness and domin- 
 ion are unavoidable, and of necessity are characteristics of 
 man's actions ; with the rule referred to, as an ideality, the 
 exact opposite of the reality. Not until exertion ceases to 
 be necessary to existence can the character of the struggle 
 be changed; it may become more refined and less barbar- 
 ous but never changed in its real character so long as man 
 remains the animal he now is. 
 
 46. By Force in the domain of matter we have contact 
 of the different elements thereof. 
 
 The existence of Force in the universe without contact, 
 would be anomalous, impossible ; such a condition of things 
 could not be. If there was no force there would be no con- 
 tact, and as a consequence there would be nothing. 
 
 47. The presence of force is the evidence of the existence 
 of matter and of law. The existence of the things we see 
 produced by force and matter under these laws is of the evi- 
 dence that force and matter are eternal and that the laws 
 thereof are likewise eternal. 
 
 It is by the contact of different elements of matter under 
 the.se laws that all things are produced, all life, all death, 
 and all change. These things force, matter and law, 
 extend beyond the range of comprehension in the smallest 
 intellect of man. 
 
 48. Man has a beginning, he therefore has an ending, 
 Time, space, force, matter, and the laws thereof are with- 
 out beginning and without ending. 
 
 49. In the creation of the insect world we see a type of 
 
Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 23 
 
 the conditions necessary to produce the higher order of 
 creatures on the earth. There is no more difference in the 
 physical structure of an insect and a man than there is in the 
 intellect of the insect of the man ; in short, there is the 
 same harmony in the one as in the other. 
 
 50. What right have we to assume that man alone is 
 exempt from destruction ; that he is dual, and that he lives 
 after he is dead ? It is said his intellect, his soul, survives 
 and does not perish with him. Like the fragrance of the 
 flower, a thought may be preserved if it is bottled — 
 recorded — but the brain, the passion that produced 
 it, must perish. Let delusion vanish, and let the case 
 be viewed in the dauntless rays of its own light. — If 
 the sun himself were to decay, die, and fall asunder, 
 would his streamers of light and life survive him, and con- 
 tinue to flow ? If not, then the intellect of man cannot sur- 
 vive him. 
 
 51 It is unfortunate that we are not higher or lower, 
 for as it is, we have perceptions and consciousness enough 
 to be made sick of our fate. If we were of a less degree, 
 like the animal, we would be unconscious of our insignificance 
 and of our fate, and would bask in our momentary existence 
 untroubled by the light which now flickers across our intel- 
 lectual vision. 
 
 52. The intellect of man revels in delusion. It feeds on 
 an imaginary diet ; with the wings of imagination it flies 
 from earth to heaven ; from the real earth to the ideal 
 heaven. It grasps the opposite of its distress ; its domain 
 is in the real and the ideal worlds ; in the ideal world it 
 finds balm for the wounds of the real world. 
 
24 Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 
 
 Man is the only creature on this earth that stands in need 
 of this ideal balm, this delusion, this deception. L,ife is 
 made endurable by this delusion ; the intellect for its own 
 preservation exists upon this deception, this delusion ; 
 they are its diet. To beautify the ugly things of the real 
 world it flees to the ideal. As I have said, the intellect 
 grasps the opposite, the counterpart of the distress. 
 
 In its ideal domain there is a delusive balm for the dis- 
 tresses of its real domain, and it is by this trait, peculiar to 
 the intellect of man, that he knocks at the ideal doors of an 
 ideal heaven and of an ideal life eternal. And by these 
 ideal props thus erected, he endures much and weathers 
 many storms and tortures. When he is adrift on a plank, 
 in the storm of the ocean, he sees the fire of his hearth and 
 feels the love of his kindred ; and they fire his hopes. When 
 he is burning with fever and perishing in its fire, rosy health 
 comes to his vision and buoys him in the struggle. When 
 he is dying of hunger his intelligence is full of visions of 
 tables laden with all that is good to eat. In his ignorance 
 the roar of the thunder, the flash of the lightening, the 
 storm and the earthquake terrify him, and in his fear and 
 hopelessness he invokes the protection and comfort of a God ; 
 superior to all laws, all elements and all evils. likewise, in 
 his education and sympathy, in the contemplation of the 
 wretchedness of humanity here, he sees the counterpart in a 
 blistful, restful life hereafter in the cares of the Divine 
 Protector. Ever seeking that which does not exist, ever 
 reaching out to pluck the fruit that never grew, ever mount- 
 ing to heights that have no steps to reach them, ever 
 struggling to the blissful shore that ever recedes from his 
 touch ; till he, poor victim that he is, sinks beneath the 
 
Of Matter, tlie Laws and the Life Thereof 25 
 
 waves. Is this not the final end to such identity ? Should 
 there not be a final end ? Is not that end the loss of con- 
 sciousness ? Can that ever be revived ? Is it not fitting 
 that it should not be ; Is it not as well so as a further con- 
 tinuation of such an identit} 1 - ? 
 
 53. Life feeds upon death and death upon life, and so 
 it is written all over the Earth and upon all her monuments. 
 We are here with our animal and insect comrades existing 
 in a conscious identity of a momentary duration, of such 
 significance in the whirl of matter under the dominion of 
 law, that the entire blotting out of such existence, would 
 be of no moment ; no consequence ; would never be missed 
 nor its absence felt anywhere in the universe. We are born, 
 broken, produced and destroyed ; mere bubbles upon the 
 ceaseless waves of eternal matter. 
 
 54. Let those who can, show that the intellect of man 
 survives him, and that his identity survives therewith. 
 
 Notwithstanding the conception is human and delusive, 
 yet it is a pleasing allurement, and, when the conception 
 can be brought from the domain of the ideal to the domain 
 of the real, it will be hailed with intellectual delight 
 indeed. 
 
 The intellect of mail, by which he carries on the struggle 
 for his brief existence, \>y which he observes the workings 
 of the laws of the universe, measures and weighs the 
 planets, tells the orbits thereof, the hour of their coming 
 and going, and contemplates the things beyond the scope of 
 his powers ; when this intellect is coined into a material 
 substance of an identity eternal, it will not be under the 
 present order of things. I take it that the intellect of the 
 
26 Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 
 
 spider, that weaves the ingenious web, contemplates the 
 coming of his victim, and maintains his existence by consu- 
 mate dexterity, skill and craft, is of the same order and 
 goes out with the flame of life that bears it. 
 
 So also, that intellect by which the rattlesnake coils him- 
 self, sounds the rattle of battle, and strikes the fangs of 
 death into his enemy. And certainly is the intellect of 
 that most constant and faithful of all creatures, the dog, 
 and likewise, that subtle intellect of the bird, by which it 
 feigns a hurt, and disability to fly from its enemy, to there- 
 by allure him after her, and from her nest of eggs, which 
 she feels to be endangered by his presence, and thus out- 
 wits and out-generals the creature man, and thereby pre- 
 serves and saves her brood from destruction at his hands. 
 Will that intellect be saved in an eternal identity, and 
 thus survive the death of. its mother ? 
 
 Tell the substance of them all ; show that one is an 
 identit}^ eternal and that the others are not. Show how 
 it can be so and why it should be so. 
 
 Does the blaze of the candle survive when the tallow is 
 exhausted ? 
 
 In what state of the intellect of man is it preserved ; is it 
 as it was in his muling infancy, as it was in his developed 
 vigor, as it was at his decline of four-score years and ten, 
 when his vigor and force were well nighspent, or, as it was at 
 the last breath of his life, the last flicker of the lamp, when 
 the light thereof goes out with the oil thereof? 
 
 55. All creatures of a temporary identity or conscious- 
 ness, man, animals, insects, etc., are results or incidents of 
 contacts occurring in the eternal motion of matter. 
 
 56. Man being a finite being, a creature of a temporary 
 
Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof • 27 
 
 duration, cannot comprehend laws and things eternal; to 
 him such things are and ever must be impenetrable. And 
 herein we are shown the true rank and place of the present 
 man. 
 
 57. He can observe some things in the operation of 
 matter under the laws thereof. He can observe the fact that 
 life on the earth comes of a contact of the sun's heat with the 
 earth and its elements, and that there is much of a typical 
 characteristic throughout the entire field of his observation, 
 and that the greater the sun's heat and the greater the 
 quantity of moisture in the contact, the greater is the 
 product of vegetable and insect life under such contact. 
 
 58. When the Earth with all the matter now in our solar 
 system, was heid in solution, doubtless some contact occured 
 that set the elements to work and the solar s} T stem ; was 
 formed and organized the Earth as one of the parts of that 
 system. Thus it became a member of the solar system it 
 retained its fluid around it and its heat within it. In time 
 its shell protruded and dry land was one of its features. 
 Then came mountain making and the second periods of life 
 on the Earth. 
 
 59. We trace all creatures here, man and all, back to 
 an egg form, spawn from the contact of matter. In some 
 instances the egg is detached from the parent stem before 
 the creature is organized, as in the case of a chicken, and in 
 others it remains attached to the parent stem till completed, 
 as in the case of man and animals. 
 
 60. To my mind, the contact by which a creature is pro- 
 duced now by the sexual process, is typical of the way of 
 
2 8 Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 
 
 the first production thereof on the Earth after a catastrophe, 
 and is likewise typical of the process by which the Earth 
 itself was produced. I think so, because they all come of 
 the same elements, and similar contacts, in which electric 
 and magnetic currents are present; and because of the types 
 Avhich show the law to be as described. 
 
 61. To my mind it appears, that the formation of our 
 solar system occurred in this manner; viz; Prior thereto 
 the matter of that portion of space was doubtless held in 
 solution. In the circular whirl of formed bodies and systems, 
 that portion of space, and the matter thereof, came within 
 the contact of the forces of different bodies or systems of 
 formed bodies, — and by an operation of the magnetic and 
 electric currents of that contact this matter was influenced, 
 impregnated, vitalized, by which a new r system was con- 
 ceived and formed, by the same process, bv the same law r s 
 by which an}^ matter takes to itself an organized identity in 
 life; insects, animals, man, planets, systems or what not- 
 The process by which an insect becomes a thing of identity 
 in life with organs, a grandmother, hoary with age, goes 
 out of its identity in death, aud all in a few T hours of time, is 
 no more of a mystery than the process by which a man, a 
 planet, a sun, or a system of bodies does the same thing. 
 In them all we see the operation of laws that Ave can not 
 comprehend, and the one is just as easy and simple and 
 obedient to those laws as the other, not any more or any less 
 so. 
 
 62. It is only by the catastrophic theory that we can 
 account for the marked periods of the earth's crust and the 
 mountains thereof. The remains of the creatures of life, of 
 
Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 29 
 
 each period, the condition of the hairy elephant in the ice 
 of Siberia, the covering over of the forest of ferns, etc. ; of 
 those periods which formed our coal beds, and the phosphate 
 beds of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida, formed from 
 the bones and flesh of those gigantic animals of a past period. 
 
 63. The Precession theory, which is, that the earth turns 
 one pole to the sun, and then back again, turning the 
 other pole to the sun, thus leaving the North end to cool 
 while the South end is warming, and the South end to 
 cool while the North end is warming, has never been 
 recognized nor accepted, and in no way comprehends nor 
 accounts for the geological facts herein referred to. 
 
 64. The rule of Bacon known as the inductive process 
 of reasoning is a good enough rule when not restricted. I 
 would state the rule thus : All truths harmonize and con- 
 stitute an illimitable whole, each kindred to and connected 
 with the others. 
 
 So wnen a proposition seems in accord with all we know 
 we should be inclined to accept it as correct ; and I would 
 hunt out truth by no arbitrary rule, but by a perception 
 aided by types and all things else that would quicken it to 
 a penetration into the workings of the eternal laws of eter- 
 nal matter in the illimitable domain of space and time. 
 
 65. Wherever the sun's heat and moisture on the earth 
 are the greatest, there the greatest product of life is shown. 
 In portions of Brazil, S. A., these conditions are more 
 favorable than anywhere else, and there even now, when 
 man has attained to his present position of invention and 
 power, he is unable to overcome the power of animal and 
 insect life there, and is unable to put that land under his 
 
30 Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 
 
 domain. (See History of Civilization in England by Buckle, 
 Vol. I, Pages 74 and 75.) 
 
 The following is quoted from the reference given : 
 kk Brazil, which is nearly as large as the whole of Europe, 
 is covered with a vegetation of incredible profusion. Indeed, 
 so rank and luxuriant is the growth that Nature seems to 
 riot in the vety wantonness of power. A great part of this 
 immense country is filled with dense and tangled forests 
 who'se noble trees, blossoming in unrivaled beauty and 
 exquisite with a thousand hues, throw out their produce in 
 endless prodigality. On their summit are perched birds of 
 gorgeous plumage which nestle in their dark and lofty 
 recesses. Below, their base and trunks are crowded with 
 . brushwood, creeping plants, innumerable parasites, ail 
 swarming with life. There are myriads of insects of every 
 variety, reptiles of strange and singular form, serpents and 
 lizards spotted with deadly beauty ; all of which find means 
 of existence in this vast workshop and repository of nature. 
 And that nothing may be wanting to this land of marvels 
 the forests are skirted by enormous meadows, which, reeking 
 with heat and moisture, supply nourishment to countless 
 herds of wild cattle that browse and fatten on their herbage ; 
 while the adjoining plains, rich in another form of life are 
 the chosen abode of the subtlest and most ferocious ani- 
 mals which prey on each other, but which it might almost 
 seem no human power can hope to extirpate. 
 
 ' ' Such is the flow and abundance of life by which Brazil is 
 marked above all other countries of the earth. But amid 
 this pomp and splendor of Nature, no place is left for man. 
 He is reduced to insignificance by the majesty with w T hich 
 he is surrounded." 
 
 66. The order of life on the earth in the Carboniferous 
 and other periods when there were less mountains and but 
 little if any ice and cold upon the earth, and when the life- 
 giving heat of the sun spread itself unchecked more nearly 
 
0/ Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 31 
 
 all over the Earth, there was a grander and more prolific 
 and powerful product of living creatures on the Earth than 
 now. The vitalizing heat having been checked and less- 
 ened by the great quantity of ice retained on the Earth and 
 the elevation of portions of the Earth's surface in subse- 
 quent periods, the order of life in the subsequent periods 
 was less powerful and destructive, so that man in this 
 period has survived and is the most powerful of all his fel- 
 lows. 
 
 67. Darwinian Evolution is not in accord with these 
 facts. The Evolutionists of this school say, too, that in 
 those periods man was absent, had not yet evolved, yet 
 they are compelled to admit that all the animals were of a 
 much larger and more powerful and destructive character 
 than now. The)' say man had not come in those periods, 
 because they do not find his fossilized remains in the dirt 
 and rocks of those periods. This is not conclusion, for pos- 
 sibly man or some creature like unto him was there in the 
 beginning, but fell a prey to his more powerful animal 
 brothers in the beginning of the struggle, so that when that 
 period went out in the catastrophe which marked the end 
 of each period, man was not there and he had left no sign 
 there, only the specimens that had survived till the catas- 
 trophe came were laid away in the sand of that period, sub- 
 merged and entombed by the awful rain and snow which 
 fell in the catastrophe. 
 
 68. Can the history of the gravel stones of the earth's 
 crust, the history of the flesh and bones that made the 
 phospate beads of South Carolina, Florida and Georgia, the 
 history of the hairy elephant in the ice of Siberia or the 
 
32 Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 
 
 cause of the continuous quakes of the earth's crust, be told 
 outside of the lines of the catastrophic theory as stated ? 
 
 69. Of the things of a temporary identity, insects, 
 vegetation, animals and man, we may learn much, also of 
 the operations of the laws to which they are subject ; but of 
 things eternal, time and space, matter, force and the laws 
 thereof, w 7 e cannot know them, much less encompass them, 
 and this is the true position of the true agnostic. There is no 
 such thing as a first cause in the forms of matter ; such an 
 assumption presupposes a beginning and hence an ending. 
 In the endless variety of the forms and types of living things, 
 on the earth, the conception of progress, unfoldment, evolu- 
 tion, has rooted itself in the minds of many thinkers. I 
 think it is a mis-conception, draw r n from the dizzy maze of 
 the ceaseless change of things in the boundless field of 
 eternal motion. So also in the assumption that there is an 
 unfoldment of things, evolution from nothing to something, 
 from a beginning to a finish, for a finite being could have 
 no correct conception of beginning and ending of infinite 
 things, which have no beginning nor ending, neither can 
 he have any correct conception of what is progressive or the 
 contrary thereof in things eternal. These terms, as well 
 as the conception to which they belong, have nothing to 
 stand on ; they are anomalous, have no place in truth, and 
 they have little, if any, application to things not eternal, 
 man, animal and the like, they have but a momentary dura- 
 tion and pass out of their frail and momentary identity into 
 the endless sea of matter again, by the death wdiich soon 
 overtakes that being, that identity ; and whatever it gains 
 in the moment of life it holds, is lost to it in the death that 
 follow\s that life. In the domain in which the intelligence 
 
Of Matter ; the Laws and the Life Thereof 33 
 
 of that life is exercised there are such contracts with, and 
 observations of the operations of the eternal laws, that much 
 is learned of those operations ; not that the mind of man 
 can comprehend those laws, but that the mind of man can 
 become familiar with many of the characteristics and oper- 
 ations thereof, and herein is the field where the intelligence 
 of man so long as man exists, will ever struggle to learn 
 more of the workings of the unfathomable laws of the 
 unfathomable universe. Life on this earth in the various 
 forms we find it, transmits itself according to the law, that 
 like begets like, subject to the law by which there is a con- 
 tinuous change in the conditions of matter. Sometimes 
 this transmission of life seems to be in what we call a pro- 
 gressive channel, at other times, retrogressive, but these 
 deviations are always within limits, within such limits that 
 no old species loses itself in a new one. 
 
 At times these creatures of a brief conscious identity 
 seem favored by happy conditions for awhile and then there 
 is an apparent advancement or development, but the end of 
 such things is soon reached, and the same in the retrograde 
 movement produced by unfathomable conditions ; in short, 
 it is not shown that any creature class, any species of liv- 
 ing creatures ever evolved out of and beyond so as to lose 
 themselves in some other distinct species. The ass and the 
 horse are sufficiently similar to mingle and produce the 
 mongreal ; the mule, somewhat different from both, but 
 there the' limit is struck, for such offspring is sterile and so 
 it is in a measure throughout. 
 
 Certain conditions will improve or degrade the horse or 
 the ass, but they w T ill remain horse and ass to the end, for 
 the one step toward setting him out of or be}'Ond this limit 
 raises a barrier to such a thing. 
 
34 Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 
 
 While this is beyond human understanding, to my mind 
 it is a strong denial of the Darwinian theory of the descent 
 of man. 
 
 70. Is there a higher intellect or intellectual force, than 
 that of man ? If so, what is it, where is its abiding place, 
 and what kin or comparison does it bear to the intellectual 
 man? 
 
 When we consider what an insignificent part, our mother 
 Earth, is of the solar system, (without looking beyond) the 
 assumption that mankind are the headlights and monopo- 
 lists of all identified intelligence, must appear to be an 
 absurd and erroneous assumption ; especialfy in view of 
 the other fact that such intelligence is incapable of compre- 
 hending any of the laws and but few of the facts pertaining 
 to the things around him. I presume, however, that the 
 ant in his hill holds too much the same kind of assumption 
 relative to his superiors and accordingly assumes, that man 
 and larger objects are creatures of motion, but without 
 intelligence ; much after man's present conception of the 
 bodies of space within his observation. That a thing has 
 an identity in life is evidenced by the fact that that thing, 
 poSvSesses force with the power of a discriminating exercise 
 thereof. Intelligence is an attribute of all matter that has 
 such an identity in life. A thing that has an existence in and 
 of itself possessed of vital force in and of the life of the mat- 
 ter composing it, is a thing of life and of intelligence. I 
 deny that such life, such intelligence is limited to the 
 creatures that inhabit the earth ; and aver that such a life 
 and intelligence in man as well as that of all creatures on 
 the earth was drawn from a force superior to, and not from 
 a source inferior to man. 
 
 
Of Matter, the Lazes and the Life Thereof 35 
 
 71. The intellect of Kepler, by many years of labor, 
 thought and observation discovered some deeply hidden 
 facts relative to force as exercised by the Sun upon the 
 planets of his system, viz : that a line connecting the center 
 of the earth with the center of the sun passes over equal 
 spaces at equal times ; also, that the squares of the times 
 of revolution of the planets about the sun are proportion- 
 te to the cubes of their mean distance from the sun. The 
 fact that the keenest and brightest specimen of man's intel- 
 lect under the most favorable conditions, was scarcely able 
 to penetrate to and grasp these truths, relating to the run- 
 ning force of the solar system, is strong proof that these 
 truths so discovered and relating to that system of things 
 so superior to man and the earth, are but a few of the many 
 other truths kindred thereto existing in that exalted system, 
 but yet out of the range of man's intelligence ; and is also 
 proof that the intellect of man is kindred to the intellect of 
 that system, and that it is by this kindred character that his 
 intellect is capable of comprehending some of the truths and 
 intelligence of that superior realm of superior intelligence. 
 So ma}* it not be true that there is intelligence abundantly 
 superior to the intelligence of man ; that the sun of our 
 system is an abiding place of such superior intelligence, 
 and that the intellect of man has its origin therefrom ? 
 The fact that all matter of an identity in life is possessed of 
 an intelligence as an attribute of that life, is proof that 
 intelligence comes by the contact by which that life is pro- 
 duced, and is of that life. It would seem that if the creat- 
 ure man on this planet had caught a touch of what we call 
 intelligence, then the sun the center and source of the force 
 and life of the solar system should not be void of this qual- 
 
36 Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 
 
 ity, but that it must not only possess it, but in an eminent 
 degree, and likewise all other suns and centres of system ; 
 and that such are the abiding places of intelligence. That 
 from such sources it is given forth ; the life giving proper- 
 ties of these central bodies are given forth to all things in 
 contact therewith. That life and intelligence are one and 
 inseparable and flow together as one. The difference in 
 intelligence of different things is, measured by the dif- 
 ference in the matter and conditions producing them ; and 
 the indurance thereof is measured by the indurance of the 
 life force of the things. To illustrate, an insect, a few 
 hours ; a man a few years ; a sun a long while longer than 
 the intellect of man can now span. 
 
 72. The comets in their actions are the wonder of all 
 observers ; those of them having their orbits within the 
 solar system seem more in accord with the known char- 
 acteristics of the laws of the solar system, by which the 
 sun holds the planets in their places, than those comets 
 whose journeys or orbits extend far beyond the solar sys- 
 tem. 
 
 The laws of the sun's force in his system, as discovered 
 by the observations of Pythagoras, Copernicus, Kepler, 
 Galileo, and Newton, are apparently violated by these 
 comets, in their coming into and going out of the solar 
 system. They come into the solar system, seem to be 
 received by the sun, by him are sent forth again, beyond . 
 his system, to other systems and to other suns. 
 
 This remarkable and puzzling characteristic of the sun's 
 application of force, repellant and attractive, to these com- 
 ets, so different from the manner by which the sun's force 
 is applied to the planets within his system ; (in that the 
 
Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 37 
 
 comets seem subject to other and different influences and 
 laws, and not obedient to the laws by which the planets are 
 governed) has thus far baffled the intellect of man to com- 
 prehend or explain. 
 
 It has occurred to me that when a comet goes beyond the 
 sun's system, into another system, it falls under the influ- 
 ence of the sun of that system, becomes subject to the force, 
 attractive and repellant thereof, and is received and returned 
 or sent elsewhere by the force from that sun in like manner 
 as it was first received and sent forth by the sun that first 
 sent it forth. 
 
 It has also occurred to me that the sun himself is not an 
 automaton but a thing of life and intellect, and that 
 the apparent discrimination in the application of force 
 under the laws in his domain is an intellectual dis- 
 crimination by which, force, varied by intellectual 
 knowledge thereof, is applied to the comets in a 
 different degree, and for special and intellectual pur- 
 poses ; that the comets are messengers of the suns ; or 
 mediums of intercourse hy which they hold intercourse 
 with other bodies in and out of their own systems. 
 
 If the sun is not a thing of life, exercising an inherent 
 impulse and power intellectual of its own, in harmony 
 with the law of its being, then it is a dumb subject offeree, 
 and exists and acts in obedience thereto, a mere automa- 
 ton, charged with its force from some other source like 
 that which I conceive the sun in itself to be. 
 
 That the sun is not such a subject seems evident from 
 the fact that the life b}^ which he and his whole system, 
 as well as the comets of both classes are controlled, is with- 
 in and of the sun himself ; for he seems to be the source of 
 
38 Of Matter, the Laics and the Life Thereof 
 
 the force and the life the intelligence by which all things 
 in his system are governed. Is it not therefore a creature 
 of identity in life, of intelligence, and accordingly the 
 source of all life and all intelligence within his system? 
 He seems possessed of the power of supplying again the 
 vital force he throws off, and of sustaining his vitality 
 against exhaustion or destruction from any quarter. 
 
 73. We are learning more and more of the characteristics 
 of the sun, that the corona as seen in the total eclipse of 
 the sun by the moon, is an appendage of the sun, and is one 
 of the most interesting subjects that has ever engaged the 
 attention of astronomers and scientists. 
 
 Until we know the elements and characteristics of the 
 sun, of its corona, its rays of light, and something of the 
 intervening elements, we cannot know to what extent the 
 processes of life expression within our observation are like 
 or unlike this process by which the life on this earth is 
 produced in the first instance after the catastrophes herein 
 before described. It is enough for all that is here claimed 
 — to show that the sun is possessed of life-giving force and 
 power. 
 
 75. It should be remembered that the earth is mainly 
 passive, that its actions are by the direct or indirect force of 
 the sun, that it is not so with the sun, he not only supplies 
 and perpetuates himself, but he supplies the life and force 
 necessary to the maintainance of all his system — in this 
 respect we are like the sun in a meager or typical way — we 
 have the power of supplying ourselves, of sta}dng waste 
 and maintaining intact our identities, and thus it is that we 
 have organs and intellect : these are not characteristics of 
 
Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 39 
 
 the earth, I think they are in a way characteristics of the 
 sun. 
 
 76. If life on this earth was produced by the contact of 
 the earth's elements and the sun's elements, does it not 
 follow that this life partook of the blended characteristics 
 of these two classes of elements, and in obedience to the law 
 that "L,ike begets like"? 
 
 May not the intellect of the creatures of this life have 
 come from the sun ? 
 
 Does not the sun's care and control of the planets of his 
 system, — members of his household, — seem characterized 
 by an intelligence, working harmoniously with eternal 
 laws? And likewise, do not the actions of the comets 
 under his power and control, by an intelligence working 
 in harmony with the law of centripetal and centrifugal 
 force, apparently different from the action of the planets,) 
 indicate an intellectual discrimination in the exercise of 
 the sun's power ? When we note how he holds the planets 
 steadily and constantly in their respective positions around 
 him, and how he sends the comets off beyond his own system, 
 as his messengers to and from other suns, and other systems, 
 coming and going by force attractive and force repellant diff- 
 erently applied and apparently for the purpose of intelligent 
 communication and intercourse; may we not hope we have 
 found our intellectual source ? where intelligence is in 
 harmonious action with eternal laws in their operation on 
 eternal matter, in a much more eminent degree than we 
 find it here upon the earth ? 
 
 If the sun is a thing of identity in life, its identity will 
 hold to it so long as that life exists, and when that life goes 
 out so will its intelligence go out therewith; for in my con* 
 
40 Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 
 
 ception there is no such thing as detached intelligence that 
 survives the life of the substance that produces and vitali- 
 zes it. 
 
 77. In my conception, a thing of life is a thing of 
 conscious identity. The life or intelligence of such thing 
 is one and inseparable, is fashioned after, or by, the matter 
 thereof, and is of that order of matter; and thus, it is that 
 when the life of that thing goes out so does the intelligence 
 thereof go out, for they are one and the same. Note the star 
 fish, man, the sun: the star fish is of an extremely low order 
 of life, man is a high order, the sun is of an extremely high 
 order. 
 
 The proposition that all things of identity in life are pro- 
 duced by the contact of different elements of matter is incon- 
 testible; likewise is the proposition that such things partake 
 of the characteristics of the different elements in the contact: 
 Is not the proposition that all life on the earth is produced 
 by the contact of the sun's elements with the elements of 
 the earth likewise incontestible ? Then, if such be our 
 ancestory, let us not ignore the paternal side thereof, let us 
 give credit there for the intelligence we bear. 
 
 78. I quote the following from Humboldt's Cosmos, 
 vol. 4, page 59-60: "The sun considered as the central 
 body." "The lantern of the world (lucerna mundi) as 
 Copernicus names the sun, enthroned in the center, is, 
 according to Theron of Smyrna, the all vivifying pulsating 
 heart of the universe, the primary source of light and of 
 radiating heat, and the generator of numerous terrestrial 
 electromagnetic processes, and indeed of the greater part of 
 
Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 41 
 
 the organic vital activit}^ upon our planet, more especially 
 that of the vegetable kingdom. 
 
 In considering the expression of solar force in its widest 
 generality, we find that it gives rise to alterations on the 
 surface of the earth — partly by gravitation attraction — 
 as in the ebb and flow of the ocean, partly by light and 
 heat generating traverse vibrations of ether, as in the 
 fructifying admixture of the aeriel and aqueous envelopes of 
 our planet from the contact of atmosphere with the vapor- 
 izing fluid elements on seas, lakes and rivers. The solar 
 action operates moreover by differences of heat in exciting 
 atmospheric and oceanic currents; it operates in the genera- 
 tion and maintenance of the electro-magnetic activity of the 
 earth's crust and that of the oxygen contained in the 
 atmosphere; at one time calling forth calm and gentle forces 
 of chemical attraction, and variously determining organic 
 life in the cndosmose of cell-walls and in the tissue of 
 muscular and nervous fibers; at another time looking light 
 processes of the atmosphere, such as the coruscations of the 
 polar light, the thunder and lightning, hurricanes and water 
 spouts. 
 
 Our object in endeavoring to compress in one picture the 
 influences of solar action, in so far as they are independent 
 of the orbit and the position of the axis of our globe, has 
 been clearly to demonstrate by an exposition of the con- 
 nection existing between great and, at first sight, heteroge- 
 nous phenomena, how physical nature ma}^ be depicted in 
 the History of the Cosmos as a whole, moved and animated 
 by internal and frequently self-adjusting forces. But the 
 waves of light not onh- exert a decomposing and recombin- 
 ing action on the corporeal world — they not only call forth 
 
42 Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Tliei-eof 
 
 the tender germs of plants from the earth, generate the 
 green coloring matter (Chlorophyll) within the leaf, and 
 give color to the fragrant blossom — they not only produce 
 myriads of reflected images of the sun in the graceful play 
 of the waves as in the moving grass of the field, but the 
 rays of the celestial light in the varied gradations of their 
 intensity and duration are also mysteriously connected 
 with the inner life of man, his intellectual susceptibilities, 
 and the melancholy or cheerful tone of his feelings. 
 
 79. It has occurred to me that if the several govern- 
 ments of the earth were to establish an international con- 
 gress of astronomers, geologists, chemists and scientists 
 generally; and employ their concentrated thought, labor 
 and skill continuously with an ample supply of means with 
 w T hich to procure all things with w T hich to facilitate the 
 research for the discovery of fact relative to the laws of 
 the elements of the sun and the earth, the contacts thereof, 
 and of life and death, that facts, means and ways would be 
 discovered by which the elements of the earth which seem 
 to give the taint of death and decay to all her children, 
 might be counteracted, and thereby, the life of man pro- 
 longed and made to endure for ages. As it now is, every 
 creature of earth seems to show in a meager but inadequate 
 degree, that characteristic of the laws b}^ which exhaustion 
 is supplied in the vital force of all creatures, and which 
 seems to exist in such an eminent degree in the sun. If 
 man could but learn how to avoid or recuperate the waste 
 and decay of the vital forces and to thus catch the wave of 
 life and miss the wave of death that seems to flow from 
 the contacts of the elements of the sun and the earth, then 
 
Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 43 
 
 his footing would be so permanent that his struggle to 
 maintain his existence would be less fitful, violent, vain 
 and delusive, then would he ascend to a higher plane of 
 life; then might the higher virtues supplant the coarser and 
 sordid impulses; and in the wisdom thereof, he might 
 overcome the necessities that exist in the hand to hand 
 struggle for the moment of existence he now maintains; 
 then would there be time to dispel the ignorance and 
 delusions which now envelop him, and possibly eliminate 
 the necessity for selfishness in the struggle; time to learn 
 real truth, real virtue and real strength, then would the 
 millennium come; the true economy of things be understood 
 and practiced; and the earth become the home of wisdom, 
 happiness and life, instead of the scene of ignorance, delu- 
 sion, torture and death. 
 
 80. Old altars and faiths are crumbling. What is to 
 be erected upon their ruins ? My hope is in the labor of 
 the Scientists, that the}' by their researches and observa- 
 tions, of the workings of the laws of matter and of the 
 life and intelligence thereof — that they may find the balm 
 of Gilead, the way by which man in his intelligence 
 may find a firmer footing in a longer endurance and 
 existence in his identity in life. 
 
 81. In all that we can see and know of matter under 
 the laws thereof, there seems to be enough of order and 
 system therein to suggest a Designer, a Divinity, a Force In- 
 tellectual. 
 
 The life and intelligence upon the earth is identified by 
 the creatures in life upon the earth. Not so I take it with 
 the life and intelligence of the Sun; they are unified there- 
 
44 Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 
 
 with, and are of the law of the Universe, of the Divinity of 
 the universe. 
 
 82. The fact that the matter of man's composition un- 
 dergoes an entire change every seven years, is suggestive 
 of the hope that in such change, and renewal of matter and 
 life, there is a way to avoid the rapid waste and decay we 
 now experience; and likewise suggests that if we but knew 
 how it is that the sun preserves himself against waste and 
 deca} T , that thereby our eyes might be opened to a knowledge 
 by which we might in like manner preserve ourselves in a 
 longer and wiser existence. 
 
 83. The Sun is recognized as the source of all life on the 
 earth; it must follow that it is the source of the intelligence 
 of that life. 
 
 84. Recurring now to the Darwinian theory of evolution, 
 and thereof the descent of man; the fact which seems to con- 
 stitute the strongest support to that theory is the fact that 
 man, in the early stages of his career, in his mother's womb, 
 appears to have a tail; hence it is argued that he has descend- 
 ed from tailed ancestors. According to my observation, and 
 conception of this fact, the apparent tail to the embryo man 
 is not a tail at all in the sense claimed; but is simply a stor- 
 age of material, which, in due course, is worked in to the 
 full formation of the creature. That this material must be held 
 in some place and form, is evident; that it is held in the shape 
 shown, and used for the purpose stated, is proof of nothing 
 but the simple facts, that it is so held and used. 
 
Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 45 
 
 85. But I take it that Mr. Darwin himself is not firm in 
 the faith of the theory that bears his name, as is shown by 
 his own candid treatment of the subject in his w T ork entitled 
 "The Origin Of Species," Chapter VI, Chapter VII, and 
 Chapter X. 
 
 86. Except the changes brought about in the domesticat- 
 ing of some animals and fowls, and the extinguishment of 
 some varieties, there has been no change in the forms, order 
 and variety of the creatures of life on the earth since the last 
 Glacial. 
 
 87. It is likewise evident that the creatures of life, prior 
 to the last Glacial, were different from the creatures of life 
 since then. 
 
 88. If it can be shown that the Glacial is a hiatus, that 
 marks the line between the dead of a past period and the liv- 
 ing of the present period, then the life of the present period 
 does not descend from the life on the other side of the glac- 
 ial, and the Darwinian theory of descent falls to the ground. 
 
 89. While- it may be doubted that the glacials occurred 
 in the manner as herein stated, it cannot be doubted that the 
 glacials actually occurred. Is not that fact sufficient of itself 
 to prove the proposition that all life must have perished in 
 the catastrophe that brought it about ? And independent too 
 of the monuments of the dead of the period, that commem- 
 orate and verify such an event. To doubt this proposition is 
 co admit want of reflection upon it. 
 
 90. It is evident that the heat that was necessary to send 
 up in vapor, enough water with which to make the rain, the 
 snow and the ice for the glacial, was greater than that be- 
 stowed by the sun; and that such increased heat would be. 
 
46 Of Matter, the Lazes and the Life Thereof 
 
 destructive of life; that this heat necessarily came from with- 
 in the earth, otherwise it could not have come in contact 
 w r ith the water of the earth, so as to produce the evaporation 
 thereof, which actually occurred to produce the rain and 
 snow 7 which actually preceeded the glacial. 
 
 ■91. The change in the condition of the elements, to a 
 dense cloud of vapor, miles in depth, covering the entire 
 earth, for years probably, w r as a necessary condition for such 
 result, and would be destructive of life. The Sun's force thus 
 shut off from the creatures of life of the earth for any con- 
 siderable length of time, would put an end to the growth of 
 herbage and food, and would be destructive of life. 
 
 92. But I deem it sufficient to refer, on this point, to 
 the mountains themselves — say the ranges on the Western 
 side of the American Continents, together with the facts 
 shown by the Geological records thereof, amongst which 
 are — 
 
 1 st. The tops of these mountains were once ocean 
 bottom. 
 
 2nd. The upheaval force that produced them was rapid 
 in the finish of their formation. 
 
 3rd. That heat and water were present therein. 
 
 4th. That steam force was a prominant actor in the 
 result shown. 
 
 93. It is evident beyond doubt, that in such upheavals, 
 upon the then edge of the ocean, the contact of the water 
 and heat necessar} 7 to the result shown, were upon a grand 
 scale, sufficient to put our mother earth into a state ap- 
 proaching dissolution, and a return to that gaseous, or vapor 
 
Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 47 
 
 state, in which she existed before her present formation; 
 that she remained in this condition for a considerable time, 
 is evident that the atmosphere around her was thereby 
 charged with a great quantity of heat, and fumes from her 
 internal sources, that one third, one half, or more, of all the 
 water of all the oceans, was sent up in vapor; that the 
 atmosphere carrying this amount of water was deep and 
 dense; that in this condition of things, for the time necessary 
 to w T ork the changes that followed, with the sun's force so 
 utterly cut off from the surface of the earth and ocean; no 
 creature of the air, the ocean or the earth, at all, could retain 
 life in such condition of things; so all then perished. 
 
 94. The cold of the Glacial that followed, while sufficient 
 to destroy all living creatures on that part of the earth it 
 covered, found none there to destroy. It did not reach the 
 equator, or near thereto, where the earth's spawn was 
 waiting in its beds of warmth and moisture for the vivifying 
 rays of the coming sun, and life thereby again started upon 
 the earth. 
 
 95. It must be remembered that the mind of men can not 
 penetrate to the comprehension of this, nor any other law 
 of matter, of life, nor of intelligence. The}' are be}^ond him 
 and his powers. As yet he only has perception and intelli- 
 gence to observe and trace the operations thereof, and thereby 
 learn some of the facts and characteristics thereof. 
 
 96. Human Automatism has engaged the attention of 
 some of the best thinkers, and man}- curious facts have been 
 gathered touching the Automatan characteristics of insects, 
 animals and man. It will be noted that the earth is entirely 
 
48 Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 
 
 automaton, entirely void of force — unless it be an attribute 
 of the elements which escape from within through the rents 
 in the crust oi the earth during the Catastrophes described — 
 yet, every living creature she bears is more or less charged 
 in some degree with the force intellectual, as distinct from 
 mechanical. In man, the force intellectual is pre-eminently 
 superior to the same in any other creature on earth. From 
 whence comes this force ? And what are its possibilities in 
 the struggle for the preservation of its identily ? 
 In the force, or forces of the sun, there must be a force 
 intellectual, else intelligence is an attribute of the unified 
 force of the sun. The earth seems passive, with no such 
 force as a part thereof. Every organic being on the earth 
 is possessed of this force intellectual, in some degree, as 
 an attribute of its existence, its identity, and the organs 
 thereof are produced by this force, intellectual. 
 
 It being an incontestable proposition, that all life on the 
 earth must trace its origin, its source, to the contact of the 
 sun's elements with the earth's elements; it follows that 
 this force intellectual is from the sun. 
 
 It may be said that this Force Intellectual is God in the 
 Universe, and that He comes with, and is a part of the 
 things eternal hereinbefore enumerated, viz : Time, Space, 
 Matter and the laws theieof. And this is doubtless the 
 truth of it: If not so, whence the source of the force 
 intellectual, and likewise the God, the Designer in the 
 universe. 
 
 It is already conceded in Scientific circles, that light and 
 electricity are one. Then the sun is a source of electricity. 
 Is the force electric any easier of comprehension than the 
 force intellectual? 
 
Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 49 
 
 How insignificant and powerless is man, yet how illimit- 
 able is he in hope ! Is it possible for him, in the undefined 
 domain of his possibilities, in the penetrable avenues of 
 undiscovered facts, armed as he is with his expiring spark 
 of force intellectual, to gather enough to enable him to 
 learn how to preserve that force "in its identity here, long 
 enough to gather to itself the character and properties of an 
 enduring existence? 
 
 The intellect of man, in its struggle for more light in 
 this dark and seething sea of ignorance, selfishness, cruelty, 
 pain and death, is now coming so rapidly into • touch 
 with the force of the Sun of this system, that the dawn 
 of a new day seems to be breaking upon it. The intellect- 
 ual cry for more light is so penetrating, and so intense, 
 that sooner or later it must be felt at the kindred source, 
 and there strike a chord that will vibrate in sympathetic 
 harmony from Sun to earth, Heaven to Hell, God to man. 
 Then may it be that man's intellect will throb to a new 
 order of things, and be in fellowship with things eternal. 
 
 Now, in conclusion, I have to say, that the foregoing 
 96 condensations, show the basis of a work in three parts,f 
 which I may some time properly arrange, and complete, 
 with the sustaining evidence elaborately set forth. I 
 now have much evidence in store, sufficient I think to 
 sustain all the propositions stated, except possibly those 
 relative to the Sun and force intellectual; and as to 
 them, the amount of evidence already gathered, when 
 fully analized and set forth, will at least be of interest. 
 
 My purpose in making this condensed statement of the 
 matter is simply this; I intend to have about 100 copies of 
 the same struck off, and have them sent to persons whose 
 
50 Of Matter, the Laws and the Life Thereof 
 
 intellectual powers I esteem, by reason of acquaintance with 
 them, or their works, trusting that some of them, in return, 
 ma}' favor me with such criticisms thereof as may occur to 
 them, and with such new facts as seem to fortify, or to over- 
 throw any of the propositions stated. 
 
 John C. Stauxup. 
 Tacoma, Washington, 
 December, 1891. 
 
 H133 82 
 
 

 
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