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A SYLLABUS 
 
 OF 
 
 UNITED STATES HISTORY 
 
 1492-1919 
 
 SECOND REVISED EDITION 
 
A SYLLABUS 
 
 OF 
 
 UNITED STATES HISTORY 
 
 1492-1919 
 
 BY 
 HOMER C. HOCKETT 
 
 Professor of American History 
 Ohio State University 
 
 AND 
 
 ARTHUR M. SCHLESINGER 
 
 Professor of American History 
 State University of Iowa 
 
 SECOND REVISED EDITION 
 
 COLUMBUS, OHIO 
 1919 
 

 COPYRIGHT 1919 
 
 By HOMER C. HOCKETT and ARTHUR M. SCHLESINGER 
 
 SB 23 WW 
 
 ©CI.A535050 
 4* / 
 
FOREWORD 
 
 This Syllabus is an evolution from an outline of Bassett's Short History 
 of the United States, prepared as an aid in teaching an introductory course in 
 United States history at Ohio State University. In giving the syllabus the 
 present form, it seems desirable to explain that while Professor Bassett's 
 text remains the basis, and the page notations throughout the body of the 
 syllabus refer to it, considerable liberty has been taken in rearranging the sub- 
 ject matter for class discussion. It has been our practice in assigning collateral 
 reading to allow students to select two entire volumes of biography each semester 
 using the American Statesmen and American Crisis series for this purpose. 
 The inclusion of reference lists at the close of each main division of the Syllabus 
 will easily make possible an alternative plan of reading. The classification of 
 references under "Other texts," "General accounts," "Topical readings," 
 and "Additional topics" calls for no comment, except that the notations 
 preceding the topical references correspond with the subdivisions of the out- 
 line. The list of books cited is rigidly minimized, in order to come well within 
 the limitations of small libraries, and because about half of our students are 
 Freshmen for whom excellent treatises are sometimes obviously unsuited. 
 A full list of books cited will be found at the close of the Syllabus. 
 
 The body of the Syllabus directs the student 's attention to a few important 
 documents in parenthetical references to "Readings." To minimize expense 
 Brown's Epoch-making Payers has been used, but the term, "Readings," wil 
 permit those who wish to place more stress on documents to use a larger source 
 book. A useful map-book at reasonable expense is Bartholomew 's Literary 
 and Historical Atlas of America {Everyman's Library). 
 
 It is our own practice to present the main elements of the colonial period 
 briefly in five or six lectures at the beginning of the year, and to enter a detailed 
 discussion of the work with Chapter III of the Syllabus. We have found it 
 
 3 
 
impossible to cover the whole of our history adequately in a year's course of 
 three hours a week, and this distribution of emphasis permits us to bring the 
 history of our own generation into its proper prominence. For those who prefer 
 a different treatment, a detailed outline of the colonial period has been supplied. 
 This new edition of the Syllabus has been necessitated by the wide demand 
 which has come for it from other colleges of the country. An opportunity has 
 been taken to introduce a number of changes and to outline the main events 
 in President Wilson's first administration. It is hoped that the Syllabus may 
 continue to be of use to secondary school teachers as a guide in self-preparation. 
 
 OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, COLUMBUS. 
 March 5, 1917 
 
 NOTE TO SECOND REVISION 
 
 The changes in the present edition extend the outline through the period 
 of the participation of the United States in the Great War to June, 1919. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 I. The Colonizing of North America ■. . 7 
 
 II. Development of the British Provinces 13 
 
 III. The Contest Over Taxation by Parliament (1763-1774) 18 
 
 IV. The War for American Independence (1775-1783) 23 
 
 V. The Confederation Period (1781-1789) 27 
 
 VI. The Making of the Constitution (1787-1789) 30 
 
 VII. Establishment of the New Government (1789-1793) 33 
 
 VIII. Period of Dominant Foreign Relations (1793-1801;: Feder- 
 alist Supremacy 35 
 
 IX. Period of Dominant Foreign Relations (1801-1815): Re- 
 publican Supremacy 38 
 
 X. Period of Dominant Nationalism and Domestic Issues 
 
 (1815-1829) 44 
 
 XL Party Development and Sectional Controversy (1829-1844) .49 
 
 XII. The Struggle Over Extension of Slavery (1844-1860) 54 
 
 XIII. The Civil War (1861-1865) 60 
 
 XIV. Reconstruction of the Southern States . . 66 
 
 XV. National Readjustment After the Civil War (1865-1877) ... 70 
 
 XVI. Opening of the Modern Era (1877-1898) 73 
 
 XVII. Entry of the United States into World Politics 80 
 
 XVIII. The Present Epoch 85 
 
 List of Books Cited 91 
 
I. THE COLONIZING OF NORTH AMERICA 
 
 1. Conditions affecting discovery and settlement. 1-27. 
 
 a. Physical factors. 
 
 1) Topography. Character of Atlantic coast. Interior water 
 
 courses. 
 
 2) Climatic variations. Rainfall. 
 
 3) Natural resources. 
 
 a) Importance of fisheries and fur trading. 
 
 b) Forests and their commercial uses. 
 
 c) Soil conditions in various sections and social results. 
 
 d) Food products. 
 
 e) Unimportance of minerals. (Account for later im- 
 
 portance.) 
 
 b. Native American population. 
 
 1) Evidences of prehistoric man. 
 
 2) Chief Indian tribes, particularly Algonkin and Iroquois. 18. 
 
 3) Chief features of Indian civilization. 
 
 4) Relations to Europeans. 
 
 c. European background. 
 
 1) Pre-Columbian voyages. Results. 
 
 2) Search for new route to Orient. 
 
 a) Importance of fall of Constantinople. 
 
 b) Effect of improvements in navigation. 
 
 c) Portuguese efforts around Africa. 25-26. Final success. 34. 
 
 d) Hopes for western route to Orient. 
 
 (1) Revived belief in rotundity of earth. 
 
 (2) Lesson of Marco Polo's journeys. 
 
 2. Era of discovery and exploration. 27-39. 
 
 a. Finding of new continent. 
 
 1) Early geographical interests of Columbus. 
 
 2) First voyage of Columbus. Results. 
 
 3) Pope's division of discoveries. 
 
 4) Second voyage and dealings with natives. 
 
 5) Naming of New World. 32-33. 
 
 b. Determination of American coastline. 
 
 1) Purpose of explorers. 31. 
 
 2) Progress made by Columbus and later Spanish discoverers. 
 
 30-32. 
 
3) Magellan's voyage. 
 
 4) Exploits of Portuguese navigators. 
 
 5) Isolated attempts of English and French. Importance. 
 
 6) Effect of discoveries on accuracy of maps. 
 
 c. Spanish exploration of interior of North America. (Note names of 
 explorers and chief facts of expeditions.) 
 
 3. Planting of first English colonies. 
 
 a. Revival of English interest in America. 41-44. 
 
 1) Cause. Exploits of Hawkins, Drake, Gilbert. 
 
 2) Raleigh's colonies. Lesson of their failure. 
 
 b. Virginia. 45-52. 
 
 1) Formation of London and Plymouth Companies. . (Note 
 
 main features of charter, including non-representative 
 government and common ownership.) 
 
 2) Founding of Jamestown. Services of John Smith. 
 
 3) New Charter of 1609. Governor Dale's reforms. 
 
 4) Introduction of self-government: cause and result. 
 
 5) Charter annulled (1624). Virginia as a typical royal province. 
 
 6) Troubles with Indians. 
 
 7) Berkeley's despotism. Bacon's rebellion. 89-92. 
 
 c. Maryland. 52-58. 
 
 1) Position of Catholics in England. 53-54= 
 
 2) Lord Baltimore 's charter. (Note powers of proprietor.) Mary- 
 
 land as a typical proprietary province. 52-53. 
 
 3) First settlement. Beginnings of self-government. 
 
 4) Religious toleration. 53, 55. 
 
 5) Troubles with Virginia. Internal disorders. 
 
 6) Difficulties under Cromwell. 
 
 4. Settlement of New England. 
 
 a. First attempts (1606-1608). 46. 
 
 b. Plymouth colony. 59-6 9 
 
 1) Separatists in England and Holland. 
 
 2) Settlement of Plymouth. (Note basis of civil government.) 
 
 3) Economic and religious development. 
 
 c. Massachusetts Bay colony. 63-68. 
 
 1) Motives for Puritan colonization. 
 
 2) Terms of charter. Transfer of company to New England. 
 
 Massachusetts as a typical corporate colony. 
 
 8 
 
3) Settlements. Evolution of legislature. 
 
 4) Religious restrictions on suffrage. 
 
 5) Religious persecutions. 
 
 d. Expansion of New England. 
 
 1) Rhode Island. 68. 
 
 a) Motive for settlement. 
 
 b) Charters (1643, 1663). (See also 80.) 
 
 2) Connecticut. 
 
 a) Cause of settlement. 69. 
 
 b) Colonies of Connecticut and New Haven. 
 
 c) Pequot war. 70. 
 
 d) Merging of colonies in charter (1663). 80. 
 
 3) New Hampshire and Maine. 62, 70. 
 
 a) Early attempts at settlement. 
 
 b) Grants to Mason and Gorges. 
 
 c) Absorption by Massachusetts. 
 
 e. New England Confederation. 71. 
 
 1) Reasons for forming. Colonies admitted. 
 
 2) Form of government. Success and failures. 
 
 f. Conflict with Indians: Philip's War. 92-93. 
 
 5. Founding of middle colonies. 
 
 a. New York. 
 
 1) Period of Dutch rule. 72-76. 
 
 a) Dutch discovery and settlement. 
 
 b) Government under Dutch West India Company. 
 
 Patroon system. 
 
 c) Demand for self-government. 
 
 d) Conquest of New Sweden. 
 
 e) English conquest of New Netherland. 
 
 2) Proprietorship of Duke of York. Progress toward self-govern- 
 
 ment. 83-85. 
 
 3) Transition to royal province (1685). 
 
 b. New Jersey. 85. 
 
 1) Circumstances of founding. 
 
 2) Later Quaker control. Liberal government. 
 
 3) Conversion to royal province (1702). 97. 
 
 c. Pennsylvania and Delaware. 85-88. 
 
 1) Penn's charter. His ideas of government. 
 
 2) Treatment of Indians. 
 
 3) Large measure of self-government. 
 
 4) Absorption of Delaware. Later separation. 
 
 5) Origin of Mason and Dixon's line. 
 
6. Planting of later southern colonies. 
 
 a. The Carolinas. 82-83. 
 
 1) Grant to the eight proprietors. 
 
 2) Settlements in northern part. 
 
 3) "Development of southern part. 
 
 b. Georgia. 109-110. 
 
 1) Reasons for founding, and type of government. 
 
 2) Peculiar plans of promoters. Reasons for them and results. 
 
 3) Beginning of settlement. Elements in population. 
 
 4) Relations with Spanish neighbors. 
 
 5) Georgia in 1753. 
 
 REFERENCES 
 
 Other Texts: 
 
 Elson, History of United States, 1-159. 
 
 West, American History and Government, 1-116, 131-142. 
 
 Thwaites, The Colonies, 1-95, 112-177, 195-217, 234-244. 
 
 Genera! Accounts: 
 
 Andrews, Colonial Period, 9-61. 
 
 Becker, Beginnings of American People, 1-134. 
 
 Wilson, History of American People, I, 1-318. 
 
 Topical Readings: 
 
 lb, c. Fiske, Discovery of America, I, 1-147. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, History of United States, I, 3-30. 
 Fisher, Colonial Era, 1-11. 
 
 lc. Garner and Lodge, I, 31-42. 
 Fiske, I, 148-334. 
 
 2a, b. Bourne, Spain in America, 3-148. 
 Garner and Lodge, I, 42-64, 81-92. 
 Channing, History of United States, I, 1-54, 90-110. 
 Fiske, I, 335-516; II, 1-212. 
 Fisher, 12-23. 
 Hart, American History by Contemporaries, I, 28-49, 69-144. 
 
 2c. Bourne, 149-201. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, I, 64-81. 
 Channing, I, 59-85. 
 Fiske, II, 483-569. 
 Hart, I, 49-68. 
 
 10 
 
3a. Tyler, England in America, 3-33. 
 Garner and Lodge, I, 92-103. 
 Fiske, Old Virginia and Her Neighbours, I, 1-40. 
 Channing, I, 115-140. 
 Fisher, 23-29. 
 
 3b. Tyler, 34-117; Andrews, Colonial Self-Government, 202-231. 
 Garner and Lodge, I, 104-125. 
 Fiske, Old Virginia, I, 41-254; II, 1-107. 
 Channing, I, 143-236; II, 62-65, 80-91. 
 Fisher, 30-61. 
 Hart, I, 145-174. 
 Hart, I, 200-246. 
 
 3c. Tyler, 118-148; Andrews, Colonial Self-Government, 232-251. 
 Garner and Lodge, I, 125-133. 
 Fiske, Old Virginia, I, 255-318. 
 Channing, I, 241-268, 499-507. 
 Fisher, 62-75. 
 Hart, I, 247-274. 
 
 4. Fiske, Beginnings of New England, 50-241. 
 
 Tyler. 149-281, 297-327; Andrews, Colonial Self-Government, 41-73. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, I, 148-180. 
 
 Channing, I, 271-436; II, 65-79. 
 
 Fisher, 82-176. 
 
 Hart, I, 174-199. 
 
 Hart, I, 340-466. 
 
 5a. Andrews, Colonial Self-Government, 74-100. 
 
 Fiske, Dutch and Quaker Colonies, I, 58-294; II, 1-10, 16-92. 
 Channing, I, 438-483; II, 31-44, 48-55. 
 Garner and Lodge, I, 180-190. 
 Fisher, 177-193. 
 Hart, I, 529-547. 
 
 5b. Andrews, Colonial Self-Government, 101-128. 
 
 Fiske, Dutch and Quaker Colonies, II, 10-16, 92-98, 140-147. 
 Channing, II, 44-48, 55-59. 
 Fisher, 194-198. 
 Hart, I, 563-575. 
 
 5c. Andrews, Colonial Self-Government, 162-201. 
 
 Fiske, Dutch and Quaker Colonies, II, 99-140, 147-167. 
 
 Channing, II, 94-126. 
 
 Fisher, 199-206. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, I, 190-218. 
 
 Hart, I, 548-562. 
 
 11 
 
63. Andrews, Colonial Self-Government, 129-161. 
 Fiske, Old Virginia, II„ 270-307. 
 Garner and Lodge, I, 133-143. 
 Channing, II, 13-25. 
 Fisher, 76-81. 
 Hart, I, 275-284. 
 
 6b. Greene, Provincial America, 249-269. 
 Fisher, 303-312. 
 Garner and Lodge, I, 143-147. 
 
 Additional Topics: 
 
 Conquest of Mexico. 
 
 Fiske, Discovery of America, II, 213-293. 
 Conquest of Peru. 
 
 Fiske, Discovery of America, II, 294-426. 
 
 12 
 
II. DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRITISH PROVINCES 
 
 1. Evolution of British colonial policy. 
 
 a. Legal relations of colonies and England. 76, 81. 
 
 1) Prominence of crown. 
 
 a) As source of governmental authority. (Note large liberty 
 
 allowed in early colonies.) 
 
 b) Growth of royal control. 
 
 2) Parliament and trade regulation. Early Navigation Acts. 
 
 78, 80-81. 
 
 a) 1651. Non-English ships excluded from colonies. 
 
 b) 1660. " Enumerated articles " to be sent only to England. 
 
 c) 1663. Imports to colonies only by way of England. 
 
 b. Attempts at colonial reorganization under later Stuarts. 93-97. 
 
 1) Attack on'the charters. 
 
 a) Dissatisfaction with Massachusetts. Randolph's charges, 
 
 and forfeiture of charter (1684). 
 
 b) Proceedings against other colonies. Outcome. 
 
 2) Dominion of New England. 
 
 a) Colonies included. 
 
 b) Purpose of formation and character of government. 
 
 c. Effects of English Revolution of 1688. 96-97, 102-103. 
 
 1 ) Subsequent relations of colonies and Parliament. 
 
 2) Downfall of " Dominion." Readjustment of government in 
 
 colonies which had composed it, especially new 
 charter of Massachusetts. 
 
 3) Results for other colonies, especially Maryland. 88-89, 97. 
 
 d. English policy after 1689. 
 
 1) Summary. 99. 
 
 2) Preference for colonies of royal type. 
 
 a) Increase in number of royal colonies following Revolution 
 
 of 1688. New Hampshire, New Jersey. 97. 
 
 b) Misgovernment of proprietary North Carolina. Purchase 
 
 by crown (1729). 106-107. 
 
 c) Overthrow of proprietors in South Carolina. 108. 
 
 d) Provision for lapse of Georgia charter. 109. 
 
 3) Administrative machinery of the crown. 
 
 a) Board of Trade (1696) and functions. 77. 
 
 b) Royal governors and their functions. 
 
 13 
 
4) Parliamentary regulation of navigation and trade. 
 
 a) Restrictions on manufactures. 141. 
 
 b) Enlargement of list of "enumerated articles." 143-144. 
 
 c) Molasses Act of 1733. 144. 
 
 d) Regulation of colonial currency. 157-158. 
 
 e) Royal officials and admiralty courts for enforcement of 
 
 Acts of Trade. 
 
 e. Friction under British policy, 1700-1750. 
 
 1) English justification: mutual advantage. 100. 
 
 2) Colonial opposition. 
 
 a) Increasing impatience under restraint. Growing self- 
 
 reliance and desire to retain "home rule." Reasons. 
 100-101. 
 
 b) Importance of control of purse. 101-104. 
 
 (1) Controversies over salaries of governors. 
 
 (2) Significance of right to initiate money bills. 
 
 (3) Contest over control of expenditures in New York. 
 
 c) Methods of securing desired legislation: case of Pennsyl- 
 
 vania. 105. 
 
 d) Evasion of Navigation Acts. 144. 
 
 2. Rivalry of French and English. 
 
 a. French exploration and colonization. 111-115. 
 
 1) Sixteenth century efforts. 
 
 2) Beginnings in St. Lawrence basin (New France) in early 
 
 seventeenth century. 
 
 a) Champlain and founding of Quebec. 
 
 b) Indian relations. Iroquois. 
 
 c) Jesuit missions. 
 
 3) Activities in Mississippi Valley. 
 
 a) Chief explorations. 
 
 b) Planting of Louisiana. 
 
 b. King William's War, 1690-1697. 116-118. 
 
 1) Causes. 
 
 2) Attacks on English frontier. 
 
 3) Albany Congress of 1690. Plans for counterstroke. 
 
 4) Character of remainder of war. 
 
 5) Terms of Treaty of Ryswick. 
 
 c. Queen Anne's War, 1702-1713. 118-120. 
 
 1) Chief episodes. 
 
 2) Terms of Treaty of Utrecht. Importance of this treaty. 
 
 14 
 
d. King George's War, 1744-1748. 120. 
 
 1) Capture of Louisburg. 
 
 2) Terms of Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. 
 
 e. French and Indian War, 1754-1763. 121-130. ' 
 
 1) Preliminaries. 
 
 a) The rival interests and the prize at stake. 
 
 b) French fort-building (1753) and Washington's mission. 
 
 c) First violence and first bloodshed. 
 
 d) British preparations: Albany Congress of 1754. Frank- 
 
 lin's plan of intercolonial union. 
 
 2) Campaign of 1755. 
 
 a) British plan of attack and net results. 
 
 b) Deportation of Acadians. 
 
 3) Events of 1756-1757. 
 
 a) Beginning of Seven Years' War in Europe. 
 
 b) Incompetence of British ministries. 
 
 c) Campaign: French successes in New York. 
 
 4) Campaign of 1758. 
 
 a) Measures of Pitt. Four points of attack. 
 
 b) Net results. 
 
 5) Campaigns of 1759-1760. Capture of Quebec and Montreal. 
 
 Significance. 
 
 6) Spain 's part in the war. 
 
 a) Family compact of 1761. 
 
 b) British capture of Havana and the Philippines. 
 
 7) Treaty of Paris, 1763. 
 
 a) Territorial transfers. 
 
 b) Reasons for defeat of France. 
 
 c) Influence of cession of Canada upon relations of England 
 
 and colonies. 
 
 f. Aftermath: Indian wars. 130-132. 
 
 1) Cherokee war, 1759-1761. 130-132. 
 
 2) Pontiac's conspiracy, 1763-1764. 
 
 a) Reasons for hostilities. 
 
 b) Scope of attack. 
 
 c) Bouquet's expedition. 
 
 i Conditions of life in the English provinces. 
 
 a Economic. 
 
 1) Agriculture. 
 
 a) Ease of acquiring land. Various methods. Effect on 
 immigration and movements of population. 134, 
 136-137. 
 
 15 
 
b) Contrasting agriculture of New England and South. 140. 
 
 c) White servants and negro slaves. Sources of supply. 
 
 Types of slavery. Slave laws. 137-140. 
 
 2) Manufactures. 140-141. 
 
 a) "Character and extent of colonial manufactures. 
 
 b) Purpose and effects of British restrictions. 
 
 3) Maritime industries. 141-145. 
 
 a) Fisheries. 
 
 b) Towns as centers of trade Contrast between northern 
 
 and southern colonieso 
 
 c) Colonial exports. 140. 
 
 d) Influence of Navigation Acts on commerce. 
 
 e) Slave trade. 
 
 4) Currency. 157-158. 
 
 b. Political. 134-135, 155-157. 
 
 1) Types of local government. 
 
 a) New England town. 
 
 b) Southern county. 
 
 c) Mixed system of middle colonies. 
 
 2) Contest between aristocratic and democratic elements in the 
 
 population. 135-136. 
 
 c. Social, religious, and educational. 
 
 1) Non-English colonists. Characteristics and location. 145-148. 
 
 2) History of the established churches. 148-152. 
 
 a) Decline of Puritanism. 
 
 (1) Advent of Anglicanism in New England. 
 
 (2) Liberal movement within the Puritan church. 
 
 (3) Witchcraft delusion. 
 
 (4) The "Great Awakening" and results. 
 
 (5) Influence of toleration in Rhode Island. 
 
 b) Failure of efforts to exclude dissenters from Virginia. 
 
 c) Triumph of Anglicanism in Maryland and South Carolina. 
 
 d) Legal and actual status of Anglicanism in North Carolina. 
 
 e) Prevalence of dissenters in middle colonies. 
 
 f) Effects of British Toleration Act of 1689. Status of 
 
 Catholics. 
 
 3) Education. 153-155. 
 
 1) Beginnings of the first American colleges. 
 
 2) Private schools in middle and southern colonies. 
 
 16 
 
REFERENCES 
 Other Texts: 
 
 Elson. 160-219. 
 
 Thwaites, 96-111, 179-194, 218-232, 246-284; and Hart, Formation of the Union, 2-41. 
 
 Wast, 118-130, 143-171. 
 
 General Accounts: 
 
 Andrews, Colonial Period, 62-228. 
 
 Becker, Beginnings of the American People, 134-200. 
 
 Fisher, Colonial Era, 157-176, 207-320. 
 
 Sloane, The French War and the Revolution, 1-115. 
 
 Smith. The Wars Between England and America, 9-28. 
 
 Wilson, History of the American People, I, 318-350; II, 1-61, 72-129. 
 
 Topical Readings: 
 
 Andrews, Colonial Self-Government, 3-40, 252-287; and Greene, Provincial America, 
 
 30-62, 166-227. 
 Channing, History of the United States, II, 155-310, 341-362. 
 Fiske, Beginnings of New England, 253-278: and Old Virginia and Her Neighbours, 
 
 II, 159-162. 
 Hart. American History by Contemporaries, II, 127-223. 
 
 Channing, II, 526-599. 
 
 Fiske, New France and New England, 1-132, 233-359. 
 Garner and Lodge, History of the United States, I, 270-341. 
 Greene, 106-165; and Thwaites, France in America (entire). 
 Hart, Contemporaries, 312-273. 
 
 Andrews, Colonial Self-Government, 288-336. 
 
 Channing, II, 367-521. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, I, 219-269. 
 
 Greene, 228-248, 270-324. 
 
 Fiske, New France and New England, 133-232; Old Virginia, II, 29-44, 174-269. 
 
 Hart, Contemporaries, II, 205-311. 
 
 17 
 
III. THE CONTEST OVER TAXATION BY PARLIAMENT 
 (1763-1774) 
 
 1. Introductory. 161-162. 
 
 .a Theories of the powers of Parliament. 
 
 1) English theory of parliamentary supremacy: Parliament is 
 supreme for every purpose throughout the empire. (This 
 was the accepted legal theory in England but had never been 
 clearly put into operation over the colonies.) 
 
 2) American theory of colonial home rule: Parliament is supreme 
 only in affairs affecting the empire as a whole; in purely local 
 matters the colonial legislatures are supreme. Thus, Parlia- 
 ment can pass acts of trade and navigation and regulate money 
 throughout the empire for the common good, but cannot 
 tax a colony internally any more than the colonial legislature 
 could tax England. (The distinction grew up in the Americans' 
 minds between "internal" and "external" taxation, the latter 
 being acknowledged as within the power of Parliament. The 
 American view was strengthened by the English policy of 
 "salutary neglect" so long pursued toward the colonies.) 
 
 b. Elements of friction between England and the colonies. 
 
 1) Development of a new American self-reliance, due to: 
 
 a) Rapid increase of population. 
 
 b) Experience in intercolonial wars. 
 
 c) Surrender of Canada by France. 
 
 d) Long practice in self-government. 
 
 e) Other reasons. 
 
 2) Radical change in English colonial policy impending after the 
 
 Fourth Intercolonial War (1763) because of: 
 
 a) New problems facing England: 
 
 (1) Necessity of reorganizing her world empire. 
 
 (2) Need of help to pay off large war debt. 
 
 (3) Necessity of protecting colonies from enemies. 
 
 b) Character of men in control: George III; Grenville; 
 
 Townshend. 169. 
 
 18 
 
First attempt at parliamentary taxation: Grenville policy, 1763- 
 1766. 
 
 a. The three-fold plan. 162-164. 
 
 1) Acts of trade. 
 
 a) Plans for enforcing old acts. (Why necessary?) 
 
 b) Molasses duties of 1733 to be reduced and rigidly enforced. 
 
 (Purpose of reduction?) 
 
 2) Standing army in America. 
 
 a) Pl?.n for support. 
 
 b) Why needed. 
 
 c) Billeting act. 169. 
 
 3) Stamp Act, proposed for the following year. (Why announced 
 
 in advance?) 
 
 b. American reception of the Grenville program. 164-165. 
 
 1) Objections to new trade regulations. Effect on "round-about" 
 
 trade. 
 
 2) Objections to standing army. 
 
 3) Memorials to Parliament against the proposed Stamp Act. 
 
 4) Views of James Otis, first of the radical pamphleteers. 
 
 c. Completion of the Grenville policy, 1765. Stamp Act. 166. 
 
 d. American opposition to the Stamp Act. 166-167. 
 
 1) Remonstrances of legislatures. Best example, Patrick Henry's 
 
 resolutions. 
 
 2) Nullification of the Act through mob violence. (Was Act 
 
 enforced? See 168.) 
 
 3) Stamp Act Congress, 1765: 
 
 a) Petitions to both king and Parliament. 
 
 b) Objections to the Stamp Act: Declaration of Rights. 
 
 4) Boycott of British imports. 
 
 e. Repeal of Stamp Act, 1766. 167-169. 
 
 1) Reasons for repeal. 
 
 2) Declaratory Act and reasons for it. 
 
 3) Modification of molasses duties. (Not mentioned in text.) 
 
 4) American rejoicings. (Note status of other British measures.) 
 
 Second attempt at parliamentary taxation: Townshend policy, 
 1767-1770. 
 
 a. The Townshend Acts, 1767. 169-170. 
 
 1) Import duties: avoidance of "internal taxes." 
 
 2) Board of Customs Commissioners established at Boston. 
 
 3) Suspension of New York Assembly. 
 
 19 
 
b. American opposition. 170-171. 
 
 1) Dickinson's "Farmer's Letters": distinction between in- 
 
 ternal and external taxation abandoned (December, 
 1767). 
 
 2) Revival of boycott (lasted until 1770). 
 
 3) Massachusetts Circular Letter (February, 1768). 
 
 4) Defiance of acts of trade at Boston. 
 
 c. British efforts at repression. 171-172. 
 
 1) Orders to governors to suppress Circular Letter. 
 
 2) Trial of American agitators. 
 
 3) Troops in Boston. 
 
 a) Why sent? 
 
 b) Growing friction between troops and citizens, 1768-1769. 
 
 c) So-called "Massacre" (1770) and its results. 
 
 d. Partial repeal of the Townshend Acts, 1770. 173. 
 
 1) Causes of the repeal. 
 
 2) The Tea Tax; its terms and purpose. 
 
 3) Effects of the partial repeal on America. 
 
 4. Crystallization of sentiment against England. 173-175. 
 
 a. Development of colonial opinion, 1763-1770. 
 
 b. Gradual formation of conservative, radical, and moderate groups. 
 
 c. Activities of Sam Adams and other political organizers; growth 
 
 and function of the committees of correspondence. 
 
 d. Burning of the Gaspee, June, 1772. 
 
 5. Progress toward rebellion. 
 
 a. The Tea Act of 1773. 175-176. 
 
 1) Reasons for passage. Terms. 
 
 2) Reception of the tea in Charleston, Philadelphia, and New 
 
 York. 
 
 3) The "Boston Tea Party" (Dec. 16, 1773). 
 
 b. Coercive Acts of 1774. 176-178. 
 
 1) Boston Port Act: terms and reasons for passage. 
 
 2) Massachusetts charter act; remodeled into a royal province. 
 
 3) Trial of royal officials. Purpose of this act. 
 
 4) Billeting Act of 1765 revived. 
 
 5) Quebec Act. Terms. (Justify the act. Why was it "intoler- 
 
 able" to the colonists?) 
 
 20 
 
First Continental Congress, 1774. 178-179. 
 
 1) Effect of the Coercive Acts on America: calling of Continental 
 
 Congress. 
 
 2) Work of the Congress. 
 
 a) Conflict over Galloway's plan. 
 
 b) Declaration and Resolves. (Why no address to Parlia- 
 
 ment?) 
 
 c) The Association: the most important enactment. 
 
 d) Ominous call of a second congress. 
 
 3) Compare this congress with the Stamp Act Congress. 
 
 REFERENCES 
 
 Other Texts: 
 
 Elson, 220-237. 
 Hart. 43-63. 
 West, 172-211. 
 
 General Accounts: 
 
 Andrews, Colonial Period, 229-252. 
 
 Becker, Beginnings of the American People, 202-247. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, History of the United States, I, 342-381. 
 
 Sloane, French War and Revolution, 116-178. 
 
 Smith, The Wars Between England and America, 28-57. 
 
 Wilson, History of the American People, II, 98-201. 
 
 Topical Readings: 
 
 Channing, History of the United States, III, 29-79. 
 
 Howard, Preliminaries of the Revolution, 102-173. 
 
 Fisher, Struggle for American Independence, I, 61-111. 
 
 Lecky, American Revolution (Woodburn edition), 38-99 
 
 Fiske, American Revolution, I, 14-27. 
 
 Hart, American History by Contemporaries, II, 394-412. 
 
 Channing, III, 81-113. 
 
 Howard, 174-205. 
 
 Fisher, I, 112-136. 
 
 Lecky, 99-135. 
 
 Fiske, I, 28-62. 
 
 Hart, Contemporaries, II, 413-431. 
 
 Channing, III, 118-150. 
 
 Howard, 242-295.. 
 
 Fisher, I, 145-205, 214-239. 
 
 Lecky, 152-194. 
 
 Fiske, I, 77-111. 
 
 Hart, Contemporaries, II, 431-441. 
 
 21 
 
Additional Topics: 
 
 Thomas Paine's Influence on the Revolution. 
 
 Tyler, Literary History of the American Revolution, I, 452-474; II, 35- 
 
 The Loyalists. 
 
 Tyler, I, 293-315. 
 Fisher, I, 240-274. 
 Howard, 313-326. 
 Van Tyne, American Revolution, 248-268. 
 
 Washington as Revolutionary General. 
 
 Adams, Studies Military and Diplomatic, 59-113. 
 Hapgood, George Washington, 107-283. 
 Ford, The True George Washington, 208-292. 
 
 Robert Morris as Financier of the Revolution. 
 Oberholtzer, Robert Morris, 60-213. 
 
 22 
 
IV. THE WAR FOR AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE (1775-1783) 
 
 1. Beginning of armed resistance. 179-180. 
 
 a. Warlike preparations directed by provincial congresses and com- 
 
 mittees of safety. 
 
 b. Gage's attempt to seize stores at Concord (April 18, 1775). 
 
 c. Effect of bloodshed on the continent. 
 
 2. Second Continental Congress, May 10, 1775 (Lasted until 1781). 
 
 181. 
 
 a. War activities. 
 
 b. Petition to the king. 
 
 c. England's response. 186. 
 
 3. Campaigns prior to Declaration of Independence. 181-184. 
 
 a. Around Boston, 1775-1776. (Note only the leading events and 
 
 movements in this and all other campaigns.) 
 
 b. American invasion of Canada, 1775-1776. 
 
 c. British invasion of the Carolinas, 1776. 
 
 4. The movement for independence. 186-188. 
 
 a. Doctrines of Paine 's "Common Sense." 
 
 b. Hope and fear of the conservatives. 
 
 c. Action of radical colonies. 
 
 d. Steps leading to the Declaration. 
 
 e. Analysis of the Declaration. (Study in Readings.) 
 
 5. Campaigns of 1776 after the Declaration. 188-192. 
 
 a. British operations around New York City. 
 
 b. Remarkable retreat across New Jersey. 
 
 6. Campaigns of 1777. 192-198. 
 
 a. Triple-headed plan of the British. 
 
 b. Howe's Philadelphia campaign. 
 
 c. St. Leger's campaign in the Mohawk Valley. 
 
 d. Burgoyne's disastrous campaign. (Why is Saratoga considered 
 
 one of the decisive battles of the world?) 
 
 7. French assistance. 198-200. 
 
 a. Secret aid before 1778. 
 
 b. Alliance, February, 1778. 
 
 23 
 
1) Motives and immediate cause. 
 
 2) Terms of the treaties. (Treaty of alliance is important in 
 
 connection with the Genet episode of 1793.) 
 
 3) Spanish war with England, 1779. 
 
 c. British offer of reconciliation. Cause and terms. 
 
 8. Campaigns in the North and West, 1778-1779. 200-204. 
 
 a. Operations in New Jersey, 1778. 
 
 b. Failure of allies to take Newport, 1778. 
 
 c. Minor events in the North, 1779. 
 
 d. Clark's conquest of the Northwest, 1778. 
 
 9. Campaigns in the South, 1779-1781. 206-214. 
 
 a. British plan of operations. 
 
 b. Early British successes. 
 
 c. American successes under Greene, and the victory of the allies at 
 
 Yorktown. 
 
 10. The war at sea. 204-206. 
 
 a* Continental and state ships. Aid of France, 
 b- Career of John Paul Jones, 
 c. Armed Neutrality League. 
 
 11. Sum up the general reasons for American success in the War for 
 Independence. 
 
 12. Treaty of Peace, 1783. 214-216. 
 
 a. Attitude of American commissioners toward France. (Explain 
 
 Vergennes' conduct.) 
 
 b. Provisions of the treaty: 
 
 1) Independence recognized. 
 
 2) Boundaries defined. (Secret clause is important because of 
 
 later troubles with Spain, 264-266. Spain received 
 the Floridas by separate treaty.) 
 
 3) Fisheries. 
 
 4) Fayment of British debts promised. 
 
 5) Compensation of loyalists to be recommended by Congress. 
 
 (Distinguish carefully between this and the preceding 
 pr^ vision.) 
 
 c. No commercial treaty; hardship of this on the new republic. 
 
 24 
 
13. Civil progress during the War. 217-219. 
 
 a. Second Continental Congress as a provisional federal government, 
 
 1775-1781. 
 
 1) Relations of members of Congress to state governments. 
 
 2) Extent of power and influence of Congress. 
 
 3) Compromise character of its measures. 
 
 b. The state governments. 
 
 1) Models followed in framing them. 
 
 2) Provisions concerning suffrage. 
 
 3) rosition of governors as compared with colonial period. 
 
 4) Question of sovereignty. 
 
 REFERENCES 
 
 Other Texts: 
 
 Elson, 237-317. 
 Hart, 63-93, 95-101. 
 West, 211-247. 
 
 General Accounts: 
 
 Becker, Beginnings of the American People, 247-274. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, History of the United States, I, 382-421; II, 423-543. 
 
 Sloane, French War and Revolution, 179-369. 
 
 Smith, The Wars Between England and America, 57-128. 
 
 Wilson, History of the American People, II, 201-323. 
 
 Topical Readings: 
 
 1. Channing, History of the United States, III, 155-179. 
 Howard, Preliminaries of the Revolution, 296-312. 
 Fisher, Struggle for American Independence, I, 275-321. 
 Fiske, American Revolution, I, 117-172. 
 
 4. Channing, III, 182-206. 
 
 Van Tyne, American Revolution, 50-87. 
 
 Fisher, I, 206-213, 436-444, 457-465. 
 
 Tyler, Literary History of the American Revolution, I, 475-521. 
 
 Fiske, I, 172-197. 
 
 6. Channing, III, 210-273. 
 Fiske, I, 198-238, 249-343. 
 Van Tyne, 102-135, 157-174. 
 
 7. Fiske, II, 1-24. 
 
 Lecky, American Revolution (Woodburn edition), 296-313, 327-329. 
 Foster, Century of American Diplomacy, 8-40. 
 
 25 
 
8, 9. Charming, III, 279-342. 
 
 Fiske, II, 25-81, 164-205, 244-290. 
 
 Van Tyne, 289-333. 
 
 Roosevelt, Winning of the West, II, 31-9P. 
 
 12. Channing, III, 346-373. 
 Fisher, II, 524-551. 
 Foster, 41-88. 
 
 Fiske, Critical Period of American History, 1-49. 
 Hart, American History by Contemporaries, II, 619-632. 
 
 13. Channing, III, 431-462. 
 
 Merriam, American Political Theories, 38-95. 
 
 Tyler, I, 223-292. 
 
 Van Tyne, 136-156, 175-202. 
 
 26 
 
V. THE CONFEDERATION PERIOD (1781-1789) 
 
 1. The new plan of government. 238-240. 
 
 a. History of the formation and ratification of the Articles of Confeder- 
 
 ation. Maryland's influence. 232. 
 
 b. Provisions. (Examine Articles in Readings.) 
 
 1) Legislature. 
 
 a) Form, make-up; how members were chosen; manner of 
 
 voting. 
 
 b) Powers: revenue; commerce; war; treaties. (Note lack 
 
 of coercive power.) 
 
 2) Relation of executive and judiciary to legislature. 
 
 3) Provision for amendment. 
 
 c. Sovereignty under the Articles. 
 
 2. Constructive work of the Confederation: beginning of the national 
 
 domain and territorial system. 231-233. 
 
 a. The land cessions. 
 
 1) Claimant states, basis of claims and reasons for transfer to 
 
 Congress. 
 
 2) Two series of cessions — before and after 1786. Reserves. 
 
 3) Expectations concerning the West. 
 
 b. Measures for government of the West. 
 
 1) Ordinance of 1784. Author, territory concerned, provisions 
 
 concerning government. Proposal concerning slavery. 
 
 2) Ordinance of 1787. (Examine the Ordinance itself and com- 
 
 pare provisions with summary in text-book. See 
 also 343-344.) 
 
 c. Land sales. 
 
 1) Land Ordinance of 1785. 233, 342. 
 
 a) System of surveys. 
 
 b) Price and terms of sale. 
 
 2) Sales to companies. 232, 342. 
 
 a) Precedents. 
 
 b) Chief sales. 
 
 d. Settlement of the West. 233-235, 342. 
 
 . Failure of the Confederation in finance. 222-225. 
 
 a. Sources of funds for expense of Revolution. The war debt. Depre- 
 
 ciation of currency. 
 
 b. Revenue needs of Confederation. 
 
 c. Revenue powers and resources of Congress. 
 
 9.1 
 
d. Nature of the army crisis of 1783. 
 
 e. Attempts at amendment of revenue provisions of Articles. 
 
 f. Lesson of these experiences. 
 
 4. Failure of the Confederation in commercial matters. 225-228. 
 
 a. Gains and losses due to independence. 
 
 b. Powers of Congress over commerce and treaties. Proposed amend- 
 
 ment of 1784. 
 
 c. Failure to secure a treaty with England. 
 
 d. Adverse balance of trade, drainage of specie, use of bank paper 
 
 e. Failure to secure a treaty with Spain. Effect on West. 263-264. 
 
 f. Lessons of these experiences. 
 
 5. Failure of the Confederation to maintain social order. 235-236. 
 
 a. Prevalence of democratic spirit; opposition to aristocracy. (See 
 
 219, 228-231.) 
 
 b. Popular grievances. 
 
 c. Paper money excesses. 
 
 d. Shays' rebellion. 
 
 e. Lessons of these experiences. 
 
 6. Growth of sentiment in favor of a stronger union. 240-242. 
 
 a. Lessons taught by experience under Articles. 
 
 b. Efforts of leaders: character of government desired. 
 
 c. Potomac commerce and Mount Vernon conference. 
 
 d. Annapolis Convention. 
 
 REFERENCES 
 Other Texts: 
 
 Elson, 318-325. 
 
 Fish, Development of American Nationality, 13-32. 
 
 Hart. 103-119. 
 
 West, 248-293. 
 
 General Accounts? 
 
 Garner and Lodge, History of United States, II, 544-572. 
 
 Johnson Union and Democracy, 1-24. 
 
 Smith, The Wars Between England and America, 129-138. 
 
 Walker. Making of the Nation, 1-20. 
 
 Wilson. History of the American People, III, 1-66. 
 
 Topical Readings: 
 
 1. McLaughlin, Confederation and Constitution. 35-52. 
 Fiske, Critical Period, 90-101. 
 Channing, History of United States, III, 444-456. 
 
 28 
 
2. McLaughlin, 108-122, 123-137 
 Fiske, 187-207. 
 
 Charming, III, 528-550. 
 Hinsdale, Old Northwest, 263-316. 
 
 3. McLaughlin, 53-70. 
 
 Gordy, Political History of the United States, 1, 20-36. 
 
 4. McLaughlin, 71-107. 
 Fiske, 119-162. 
 Gordy, I, 37-51. 
 
 Hart, American History by Contemporaries, III, 161-176, 
 
 5. McLaughlin, 138-167. 
 Fiske, 101-119, 162-186. 
 Gordy, I, 52-63. 
 
 6. McLaughlin, 168-183. 
 Fiske, 207-222. 
 Channing, III, 463-491. 
 
 Hart, Contemporaries, III, 177-197. 
 
 29 
 
VI. THE MAKING OF THE CONSTITUTION (1787-1789) 
 
 1. The Constitutional Convention. 242-247. 
 
 a. Call of Congress and response. 
 
 b. Chief members. 
 
 c. Organization and procedure. Records. 
 
 d. The new plans of union: 
 
 1) Large state plan. 
 
 a) Authorship. 
 
 b) Chief features: bicameral legislature; representation in 
 
 proportion to population or "federal taxes; three 
 separate departments; enlarged powers. 
 
 c) Action of Committee of the Whole. 
 
 2) Small state plan. 
 
 a) Circumstances which led to presentation to Convention. 
 
 b) Authorship. 
 
 c) Chief features. (Distinguish essential difference be- 
 
 tween this and the large state plan.) 
 
 3) Other plans. 
 
 4) Virginia plan made basis of further discussion. 
 
 e. Differences and compromises. 
 
 1) Question of representation. 
 
 a) Vote concerning lower house. 
 
 b) Contest over upper house: the crisis of the Convention. 
 
 c) The compromise: how worked out. Significance in later 
 
 history. 
 
 2) Question of taxation. 
 
 a) Opposing views concerning count of slaves for repre- 
 
 sentation and taxation. 
 
 b) The compromise. 
 
 3) Question of control of commerce. 
 
 a) Objections to complete control by Congress. 
 
 b) Compromise. 
 
 f. Summary of new powers of general government under Constitution: 
 
 1) Financial. (See Constitution, Art. I, sec. 2, ^[3; sec. 8, 
 
 HI; sec. 9, f4, 5.) 
 
 2) Commercial. (Art. I, sec. 8, |3; sec. 9, fll, 5, 6.) 
 
 30 
 
3) Coercive: 
 
 a) In aid of states. (Art. I, sec. 8, ^15; Art. IV, sec. 4.) 
 
 b) In enforcement of U. S. law. (Art. I, sec. 8, ^15; 
 
 Art. VI, H2.) 
 
 g. Restrictions on states. (Art. I, sec. 10.) 
 
 h. Probable sources of conflict between states and general government. 
 
 1) "General welfare" clause. (Art. I, sec. 8, HI.) 
 
 2) "Necessary and proper" clause. (Art. I, sec. 8, last If) 
 
 3) "Supreme law" clause. (Art. VI, 112.) 
 
 4) Question of sovereignty. 
 
 2. The adoption of the Constitution. 247-250. 
 
 a. Adjournment of the Convention. Steps necessary to make Consti- 
 
 tution binding. 
 
 b. Division on issue of ratification. 
 
 c. Attitude of small states. 
 
 d. Salient features of the contest in Massachusetts, Virginia, and New 
 
 York. 
 
 e. Sum up policy by which the Antifederalist opposition was over- 
 
 come. (See also 258.) 
 
 f. The cases of North Carolina and Rhode Island. 
 
 REFERENCES 
 
 Other Texts: 
 
 Elson, 327-337. 
 Fish, 31-43. 
 Hart, 121-135. 
 West, 293-332. 
 
 General Accounts: 
 
 Beard, American Government and Politics, 34-59. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, History of United States, II, 573-600. 
 
 Johnson, Union and Democracy, 25-44. 
 
 Smith, The Wars Between England and America, 138-141. 
 
 Walker, Making of the Nation, 21-62. 
 
 Wilson, History of the American People, III, 66-98. 
 
 Topical Readings: 
 
 McLaughlin, Confederation and Constitution, 184-276. 
 Fiske, Critical Period, 222-305. 
 
 Channing, History of the United States, III, 494-517. 
 Gordy, Political History of the United States, I, 64-91. 
 Hart, American History by Contemporaries, III, 198-232. 
 
 31 
 
2. McLaughlin, 277-317. 
 Fiske, 306-350. 
 Channing, III, 517-524. 
 Gordy, I, 92-102. 
 Hart, Contemporaries, III, 233-254. 
 
 Additional Topics: 
 
 Hamilton in the Constitutional Convention* 
 
 Sumner, Alexander Hamilton, 126-143. 
 Gordy, I, 103-117. 
 
 Analysis of the Federalist Papers. 
 
 Merriam, American Political Theories, 100-122. 
 
 32 
 
VII. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NEW GOVERNMENT (1789-1793) 
 
 1. Transition from Confederation to Constitution. 256-259. 
 
 a. Acts of old Congress in preparation for the new government. 
 
 b. Beginning of the new Congress. 
 
 1) Election of members. (Study provisions of Constitution con- 
 
 cerning choice of a) senators; b) representatives. 
 Art. I, sec. 2, HI, and sec. 3, HI.) 
 
 2) Assembling and organization of the two houses. 
 
 3) The work to be done. 
 
 c. Organization of the executive. 
 
 1) The electoral system. 
 
 a) Constitutional provisions (Art. II, sec. 1). 
 
 b) First election. 
 
 2) Administrative departments. 
 
 a) Creation of the first departments. 
 
 b) Appointments; how made; persons chosen. 
 
 c) The "Cabinet." 
 
 d) Question of removals. 
 
 d. Organization of the judiciary. 
 
 1) Controversy over inferior courts. 
 
 2) Judiciary act of 1789. 
 
 2. Establishment of the national credit. 
 
 a. First revenue measure. 257. 
 
 b. Hamilton's financial system. 259-261. 
 
 1) Public debt. (Hamilton's views concerning debt.) 
 
 a) Funding scheme. Contest in Congress. 
 
 b) Assumption. Reasons for and against. How carried. 
 
 2) United States Bank. Relation to government. Features of 
 
 plan. Why desired, and why opposed. Washington's 
 decision. 
 
 3) Excise. Hamilton's purpose. 
 
 4) Report on manufactures. 
 
 3. Vindication of the national authority. Whiskey Insurrection. 
 
 267-269. 
 
 a. Unpopularity of excise in West. 
 
 b. Outbreaks of 1794. 
 
 c. Measures taken by federal government. 
 
 d. Significance of the incident. 
 
 33 
 
REFERENCES 
 
 Other Texts: 
 
 Elson, 337-348. 
 Fish, 44-57. 
 Hart, 137-153. 
 West, 333-351.. 
 
 General Accounts: 
 
 Garner and Lodge, History of United States, II, 601-632, 647-649. 
 
 Johnson, Union and Democracy, 46-67. 
 
 Smith, The Wars Between England and America, 141-148. 
 
 Walker, Making of the Nation, 62-100, 123-125. 
 
 Wilson, History of the American People, III, 98-128. _ 
 
 Topical Readings: 
 
 1. Bassett, Federalist System, 3-26. 
 Stanwood, History of the Presidency, I, 20-31. 
 
 Hart, American History by Contemporaries, III, 257-262, 269-272. 
 
 2. Bassett, 27-41. 
 
 Gordy, Political History of United States, I, 118-150. 
 
 Sumner, Alexander Hamilton, 144-183. 
 
 Hart, Contemporaries, III, 255-257, 262-264, 276-281. 
 
 3. Bassett, 101-116. 
 
 Gordy, I, 201-214. 
 Sumner, 191-199. 
 
 34 
 
VIII. PERIOD OF DOMINANT FOREIGN RELATIONS (1793-1801): 
 FEDERALIST SUPREMACY 
 
 1. Rise of parties. (Find the facts for this topic on 259, 261, 269-271.) 
 
 a. Origin of parties under the Constitution. 
 
 b. Leaders and adherents of each. 
 
 c. Principles, especially constitutional interpretation. The bank 
 
 opinions. 
 
 d. Washington 's re-election. 
 
 e. Attitude towards England and France. 
 
 2. Foreign relations under Washington. 
 
 a. France. 266-267. 
 
 1) European situation, 1789-1793. 
 
 2) The treaty of 1778 and the neutrality proclamation of 1793. 
 
 3) The Genet episode. 
 
 a) His acts before reaching Philadelphia. 
 
 b) His conduct towards the President. 
 
 c) Dispute over privateers and prizes. 
 
 d) Affair of the Little Sarah. 
 
 b. England. 261-263, 271-273. 
 
 1) Points in dispute prior to 1793. 
 
 2) England and the northwest Indians. Indian war and Treaty 
 
 of Greenville, 1795. 
 
 3) New matters of dispute: rights of neutrals during European 
 
 wars. 
 
 4) Party disputes over measures of retaliation. 
 
 5) Settlement with England, 1795. 
 
 a) Jay's mission and treaty. (Compare provisions of treaty 
 
 with the points in dispute.) 
 
 b) Reception of treaty by people, Senate, and House. 
 
 c. Spain. 263-266. 
 
 1) Points in dispute during Washington's presidency. 
 
 2) Spain's policy of intrigue: 
 
 a) With Kentucky and Tennessee. How counteracted. 
 
 b) With grantees of Georgia. How counteracted. 
 
 c) With Indians. How counteracted. 
 
 3) Pinckney's mission and treaty, 1795. (Why did Spain make 
 
 treaty?) Terms. 
 
 35 
 
3. Party system and presidential election of 1796. 273-274, 276. 
 
 a. Candidates of 1796. 
 
 b. Hamilton's influence in this election. 
 
 c. The odd result. Explain. 
 
 d. Washington's Farewell Address. (See Readings.) 
 
 e. Adams' efforts to secure harmony. 
 
 f. Character of political discussions. 
 
 4. Crisis with France and readjustment of relations under Adams. 
 
 277-282. 
 
 a. Monroe's mission. Conduct and recall. 
 
 b. Pinckney 's rebuff . Effects in United States. 
 
 c. French seizures of ships of United States. 
 
 d. Adams' pacific measures. 
 
 e. X. Y. Z. affair. 
 
 f. Action of United States and naval hostilities. 
 
 g. The treaty of 1800. 
 
 1) U. S. was released from Treaty of Alliance of 1778. 
 
 2) France was released from payment for seizures of American 
 
 vessels. 
 
 5. Party contests under Adams. 283-290. 
 
 a. Federalist measures against their critics. 
 
 1) Purpose and provisions of each. 
 
 2) How far enforced. 
 
 b. Republican opposition. 
 
 1) Grounds for dislike of administration measures. 
 
 2) Proposed remedies. 
 
 3) Constitutional doctrines of Virginia and Kentucky Resolu- 
 
 tions: 
 
 a) Compact theory of the Constitution. 
 
 b) Who is to judge of infractions of the Constitution? 
 
 c) How to remedy infractions. 
 
 d) Application to Alien and Sedition Acts. 
 
 4) Main purpose of the Resolutions. 
 
 5) Replies of the other states. 
 
 6) Relation to nullification. 
 
 c. Republican triumph of 1800. 
 
 1) Conditions in Federalist party. 
 
 2) Republican candidates and arguments. 
 
 3) Methods of nomination. Party discipline. 
 
 4) Republican use of Federalist dissensions. 
 
 5) The vote. (Compare result of election in 1796 and the pur- 
 
 pose of the Twelfth Amendment.) 
 
 6) The House election, 1801. 
 
 36 
 
REFERENCES 
 
 Other Texts: 
 
 Elson, 348-374. 
 Fish, 59-85. 
 Hart, 155-175. 
 West, 351-377. 
 
 General Accounts: 
 
 Garner and Lodge, History of United States, II, 632-645, 649-675. 
 
 Johnson, Union and Democracy, 68-122. 
 
 Smith, The Wars Between England and America, 148-180. 
 
 Walker, Making of the Nation, 100-123, 125-167. 
 
 Wilson, History of the American People, III, 128-162. 
 
 Topical Readings: 
 
 1. Woodburn, Political Parties and Party Problems, 3-30. 
 Johnston, American Political History (Woodburn edition), 203-233. 
 Bassett, Federalist System, 42-55. 
 
 Gordy, Political History of United States, I, 132-158. 
 Stanwood, History of the Presidency, I, 32-41. 
 
 2. Bassett, 56-100, 117-135. 
 Gordy, I, 176-200, 215-284. 
 
 Foster, Century of American Diplomacy, 136-176. 
 
 3. Stanwood, I, 42-53. 
 Bassett, 142-149. 
 
 4. Gordy, I, 285-312, 343-365. 
 Bassett, 204-251. 
 
 Foster, 176-181. 
 
 Hart, American History by Contemporaries, III. 322-326. 
 
 5. Gordy, I, 313-343, 365-382. 
 Bassett, 252-296. 
 Stanwood, I, 54-73. 
 
 Hart, Contemporaries, III, 329-331, 333-336. 
 
 Additional Topics: 
 
 Place of Hamilton in History. 
 
 Fiske, Essays Historical and Literary, I, 101-142. 
 
 Place of Gouverneur Morris in History. 
 
 Lodge, Historical and Political Essays, 75-113. 
 
 37 
 
IX. PERIOD OF DOMINANT FOREIGN RELATIONS (1801-1815): 
 REPUBLICAN SUPREMACY 
 
 1. Republican views and policies. 291-295. 
 
 a. The simplicity of the President. 
 
 b. Fundamental principles of Democracy as given in the inaugural. 
 
 c. Desire to conciliate the Federalists. 
 
 d. Cabinet. 
 
 e. Principles governing removals and appointments. 
 
 f. Gallatin's financial policy: 
 
 1) Contrast between Republican and Federalist views concerning 
 
 public debt. 294. 
 
 2) Republican retrenchment and effect on army and navy. 
 
 3) Success of Gallatin's policy. 
 
 g. Republicans and the judiciary. 292, 294. 
 
 1) Judiciary act of 1801 and its repeal. 
 
 2) Assertion by Supreme Court of right to interpret constitution. 
 
 (The Marbury v. Madison case will be discussed 
 fully later, 357-358.) 
 
 3) The impeachment cases. (Purpose of Republicans?) 
 
 2. Foreign affairs during Jefferson's first term. 
 
 a. War with Tripoli. 295-296. 
 
 1) Character of the Barbary states. Our policy to 1800. 
 
 2) Tripolitan declaration of War. 
 
 3) The war. Significance. 
 
 4) Final settlement of difficulties, 1815. 
 
 / 
 
 b. Purchase of Louisiana. 296-300. 
 
 1) -American interest in the Mississipi basin. 
 
 2) Retrocession of Louisiana to France and withdrawal of the 
 
 right of deposit. 
 
 3) Jefferson's threat. (What would possession of Louisiana by 
 
 France mean for the United States?) 
 
 4) Livingston's instructions. Purpose of Monroe's mission. 
 
 5) Napoleon's plans; and failure, due to troubles in San Domingo 
 
 and renewal of war with England. 
 
 6) The treaty. 
 
 7) Jefferson 's hesitation. 
 
 8 ) Boundary dispute with Spain. Jefferson 's West Florida policy. 
 
 299-300, 302-303. 
 
 38 
 
9) Party contest over the purchase. 300-301, 303-306. 
 
 a) Federalist opposition. 
 
 b) Secession project. Burr's reasons for joining. 
 
 c) Burr's intrigues, conspiracy, and trial. 
 
 c. Exploration of Louisiana and the Far West. 355-357. 
 
 1) First interest in and knowledge of the Far West. 
 
 2) The Lewis and Clark expedition. 
 
 3) Pike's expeditions. 
 
 3. Jefferson's domination of the Republican party. 300-303. 
 
 a. Jefferson's popularity. 
 
 b. The crushing of Burr. 
 
 c. Re-election, 1804. 
 
 d. Opposition of Randolph. Causes. Outcome. 
 
 e. Rivalry for the succession. Election of Madison, 1808. 303, 311. 
 
 4. Neutral rights during the Napoleonic Wars, 1805-1812. 
 
 a. European situation, 1805-1806. Growth of American neutral 
 
 commerce. 306, 346-347. 
 
 b. Offensive British practices. (Compare with war period beginning 
 
 1793.) 306-308. 
 
 1) Impressments. 
 
 2) Rule of 1756 and its interpretation. 
 
 a) Decision in case of the Polly, 1800. 
 
 b) Decision in case of the Essex, 1805. (What influences 
 
 were behind this decision?) 
 
 3) The "Paper" blockade. Fox's blockade. Intent. (Why 
 
 objectionable?) 
 
 c. The war of decrees and orders, 1806-1807. 308-309. 
 
 1) Berlin decree of Napoleon. (Note extension of paper blockade.) 
 
 2) 'First and Second Orders in Council. 
 
 3) Milan decree. 
 
 4) Determine to what extent neutral commerce was possible 
 
 under these restrictions. 
 
 d. American efforts to defend neutral rights. 
 
 1) Jefferson's policy of commercial coercion. 309-315. 
 
 a) Treaty negotiations of 1806. Relation to Essex decision 
 
 and Non-Importation Act. 
 
 b) Embargo. 
 
 (1) Chesapeake-Leopard affair and crisis of 1807. 
 314-315. 
 
 (2) Provisions of the embargo. 310. 
 
 (3) Evasions and measures to enforce. 
 
 (4) Effects, economic and political. 
 
 (5) Failure. 
 
 39 
 
2) Madison's continuation of the Jeffersonian policy. 311. 
 
 a) Non-Intercourse Law, 1809. 
 
 b) "Macon's Bill No. 2," 1810. 
 
 c) Crafty policy of Napoleon. 316-317. 
 
 (1) Bayonne and Rambouillet decrees, 
 
 (2) Deception of Madison. 
 
 3) Diplomatic efforts to defend neutral rights, 1807-1810. 
 
 315-316. 
 
 a) Demand for reparation in Chesapeake affair. 
 
 b) Negotiations with Rose. 
 
 c) Negotiations with Erskine and Jackson. 
 
 5. The War of 1812-1815. 
 
 a. Rise of the War Party. 317-319. 
 
 1) Affair of the President and Little Belt, 1811 . 
 
 2) Indian troubles on frontier and attitude of Canada. 
 
 3) Congressional election of 1810. Meaning and results. 
 
 4) The new leaders. 
 
 5) Madison and the "War Hawks." His re-election, 1812. 
 
 b. The break with England. 319-321. 
 
 1) Belated British efforts for peace. 
 
 2) The declaration of war. 
 
 3) American unpreparedness for war: 
 
 a) Federalist opposition. 
 
 b) Weakness of administration, army and navy. (See also 
 
 326.) 
 
 c) Financial situation, and expiration of charter of U. S. 
 
 Bank. 
 
 4) War plans of the belligerents. 
 
 c. Campaign of 1812. 321-323. (Note only the leading events and 
 
 movements in this and all other campaigns. See 
 maps on pp. 322, 329, and 369.) 
 
 1) Tripleheaded American attack on Canada. 
 
 a) By way of Detroit. 
 
 b) On the Niagara frontier. 
 
 c) From Lake Champlain. 
 
 2) Net results. 
 
 d. Campaign of 1813. 323-324. 
 
 1) Second American attempt to invade Canada. 
 
 a) At western end of Lake Erie, under Perry and Harrison. 
 
 b) On the Niagara frontier: Toronto (York) burnt. 
 
 c) At other New York points. 
 
 2) Net results. 
 
 e. Campaign of 1814. 324-325, 329-331, 332-333. 
 
 1) Last American attempt on Canada: Brown at Niagara frontier. 
 
 40 
 
2) Napoleon's abdication (April). (Why important?) 
 
 3) British plans for invasion of United States. (Note points of 
 
 attack and degree of success at each.) 
 
 f. Naval warfare, 1812-1814. 326-329. 
 
 1) Successful naval duels, 1812-1813. 
 
 2) American successes checked and coast blockaded, 1813-1814. 
 
 3) Success of American privateers. 
 
 g. Peace negotiations. 333-335. 
 
 1) Early overtures. 
 
 2) The commissioners. 
 
 3) Demands of each country. 
 
 4) Terms of the treaty of Ghent. (Was the war a victory or 
 
 a defeat for the United States?) 
 
 5) Fisheries question and its adjustment. 347-348. 
 
 h. New England discontent. 335-338. 
 
 1) Federalist disaffection prior to the war. 
 
 a) Reasons, commercial and political. 
 
 b) Evidences of discontent, 1803-1812. 
 
 2) Opposition to the war: 
 
 a) Criticism of the war. 
 
 b) Attitude toward government loans. 
 
 c) Militia controversy. 
 
 d) Hartford Convention, Dec, 1814. 
 
 (1) How and why called; states represented. 
 
 (2) Temper of the Convention. 
 
 (3) Address issued by Convention: proposed amend- 
 ments. (Account for changes desired.) 
 
 (4) Call for a second convention if grievances not re- 
 dressed in six months. 
 
 (5) Effect of Convention on Federalist party. 
 
 REFERENCES 
 
 Other Texts: 
 
 Elson, 376-448. 
 Fish, 86-126. 
 Hart, 177-222. 
 West, 378-435. 
 
 General Accounts: 
 
 Garner and Lodge, History of United States, II, 676-763. 
 
 Johnson, Union and Democracy, 123-230. 
 
 Smith, The Wars Between England and America, 180-248. 
 
 Walker, Making of the Nation, 168-249. 
 
 Wilson, History of American People, III, 163-229. 
 
 41 
 
Topical Readings: 
 
 1. Adams, History of United States, I, 185-217, 247-306; II, 135-159, 218-244. 
 Gordy, Political History of United States, I, 383-420, 439-459. 
 Channing, Jeffersonian System, 3-35, 111-125. 
 Hart, American History by Contemporaries, III, 344-351. 
 
 2a. Channing, 36-46. 
 
 Hart, Contemporaries, III, 351-355. 
 
 2b. Napoleon 's Plans and Treaty of Cession. 
 Adams, I, 352-446; II, 25-50. 
 Channing, 55-85. 
 Hart, Contemporaries, III, 363-372. 
 
 Constitutional Phases. 
 Adams, II, 74-134. 
 Gordy, I, 421-438. 
 Hart, Contemporaries, III, 373-380. 
 
 West Florida Controversy. 
 Channing, 140-154. 
 Gordy, I, 460-478. 
 
 Burr Conspiracy. 
 
 Channing, 155-169. 
 
 Roosevelt, Winning of the West, IV, 282-307. 
 
 Hart, Contemporaries, III, 363-372. 
 
 2c. Channing, 86-99. 
 
 Roosevelt, IV, 308-343. 
 
 3. Adams, I, 218-246, 307-333. 
 
 Stanwood, History of the Presidency, I, 74-96. 
 Channing, 126-139. 
 Gordy, I, 479-494. 
 
 4a. Johnson, Union and Democracy, 179-180. 
 
 4b. Channing, 169-181. 
 Gordy, I, 507-510. 
 
 Hart, Contemporaries, III, 385-394, 400-403. 
 Johnson, 181-183. 
 
 4c. Channing, 195-203. 
 
 Gordy, I, 510-516, 527-540. 
 Johnson, 187-188. 
 
 4d. Channing, 203-255. 
 
 Gordy, I, 495-598; II, 9-165. 
 Hart, Contemporaries, III, 395-409. 
 
 42 
 
 
5a. Gordy, II, 166-22*9 
 
 Charming, 256-269; and Babcock, Rise of American Nationality, 37-83. 
 Hart, Contemporaries, III, 417-420. 
 
 5c. d. e. f. 
 
 Babcock, 84-149. 
 
 Hart, Contemporaries, III, 414-417, 422-425. 
 
 5g. Babcock, 168-201. 
 
 Hart, Contemporaries, III, 426-433. 
 
 5h. Babcock, 150-167. 
 Gordy, II, 277-324. 
 Hart, Contemporaries, III, 410-414. 
 
 Additional Topics: 
 
 Political Theories of Thomas Jefferson. 
 
 Merriam, American Political Theories, 142-175. 
 
 Place of Jefferson in History. 
 
 Fiske, Essays Historical and Literary, 145-181. 
 Trent, Southern Statesmen of the Old Regime, 49-86. 
 
 43 
 
X. PERIOD OF DOMINANT NATIONALISM AND DOMESTIC 
 
 ISSUES (1815-1829) 
 
 1. The new era and its problems. 
 
 a. In what sense a new period. 363. 
 
 b. Nationalistic tendencies of the period. 
 
 1) Provision for national defense. 338, 363. 
 
 2) Second U. S. Bank. 363-364. 
 
 a) Review of currency history. 348. 
 
 b) Reasons for Second U. S. Bank. 
 
 c) Author of bill; terms of charter; beneficial effects of bank. 
 
 3) Tariff and protection. 348-349, 364. 
 
 a) Tariff rates and purpose, 1789-1812. 
 
 b) Rise of manufactures and situation at close of war. 
 
 348-349. 
 
 c) Reasons for the protection of "Home Industries." 
 
 d) The Tariff of 1816. Purpose, friends, and opponents. 
 
 4) Internal improvements. 365-366. 
 
 a) Need of better roads and canals. 
 
 b) The constitutional aspects. 
 
 c) Previous history of question. 
 
 d) Bonus Bill, 1817: terms and author. 
 
 e) Attitude of President. 
 
 f ) Measures taken by states. 
 
 5) Impetus to nationalism by supreme court decisions. 357-360. 
 
 a) Two views of the function of the supreme court. ' 
 
 b) John Marshall. 
 
 c) Great cases, 1793-1825. 
 
 2. Party politics, 1816-1820. 366-368. 
 
 a. Election of 1816. 
 
 1) Monroe's Republican friends and opponents. 
 
 2) Situation of the Federalists. 
 
 b. Monroe's cabinet. 
 
 c. Opposition: grounds and leader. 
 
 d. Election of 1820. 
 
 1) Monroe as a harmonizer. 
 
 2) Impending rivalries. 
 
 44 
 
3. The westward movement. 
 
 a. Progress of settlement in the West. 341-342. 
 
 1) Region sought by early settlers. 
 
 2) Sources of immigration and routes to the West. 
 
 3) Divergence of ideals in West. 
 
 b. Growth of the West as shown by the creation of new territories and 
 
 states. 344-345. 
 
 c. Government of the West. (Especially south of Ohio River.) 343-344. 
 
 d. Changes in the land policy, 1800, 1820, 1841, 1862, and effects on 
 
 settlement. 343. 
 
 e. Relation of the settlement of the West to the development of 
 
 American agriculture. Influence of conditions in 
 Europe. 345. 
 
 f. Spread of cotton culture and effects. 345-346. 
 
 1) Influence of cotton gin, English factory system, and cheap land. 
 
 2) Resultant labor system. 
 
 Slavery and the Missouri controversy. 
 
 a. Slavery in the revolutionary period. 350. 
 
 1) Universality. 
 
 2) Colonial opposition. 
 
 3) Early restrictions on slave trade. 
 
 b. Early emancipation movement. 350-351. 
 
 1) Three methods of emancipation; examples of each; region 
 
 affected. 
 
 2) The South and the problem of emancipation. 
 
 3) Effect of the spread of cotton culture on Southern opinion 
 
 concerning slavery. 
 
 4) Slavery in territories east of the Mississippi. 
 
 c. The slavery question in Congress. 351-352. 
 
 1) First Congress: petitions and resolutions. 
 
 2) Fugitive slave law, 1793. Provisions. Abuse. 
 
 3) Revival of slave importation in South. 
 
 4) Prohibition of slave trade after 1808. Provisions of act. 
 
 d. The Missouri question. 371-374. (See Readings.) 
 
 1) Increase of population and demand for statehood. 
 
 2) The Tallmadge amendment. Provisions. Sectional reasons 
 
 for and against. 
 
 3) Maine-Missouri bill; Thomas amendment; compromise of 
 
 1820. (Which side won the advantage?) 
 
 4) Clay and the second compromise. 
 
 45 
 
5. Foreign relations under Monroe. 
 
 a. The acquisition of Florida. 368-371. 
 
 1) Early phases of the question. 
 
 2) Jackson's invasion and consequences. 
 
 a) International complications. 
 
 b) Effect on Jackson's popularity. 
 
 c) Florida treaty. Terms. (For boundaries see map, 792.) 
 
 b. Origin of Monroe Doctrine. 375-377. (See Readings.) 
 
 1) Revolt of Spanish America, 1810-1822. 
 
 2) Clay's advocacy of recognition. (Review 367-368.) 
 
 3) The administration's delay and final recognition, 1822. 
 
 4) Policy of the Holy Alliance. 
 
 5) England's interest and Canning's proposal. 
 
 6) Designs of Russia and England in North America. 
 
 7) Views of J. Q. Adams. 
 
 8) Monroe's message. Analysis of the doctrine. Results. 
 
 6. The presidential election of 1824. 377-381. 
 
 a. The rival candidates and their claims. 
 
 b. The narrowing down of the contest. 
 
 c. Methods of nomination. 
 
 d. Electoral vote. (Constitutional procedure when no majority in 
 
 electoral vote.) 
 
 e. Clay's influence. Van Buren's plan. 
 
 f. Outcome of House election, 1825. 
 
 7. Emergence of new parties. 382-384. 
 
 a. Adams-Clay coalition. (Was it a natural alliance?) 
 
 b. Organization of the rival faction. 
 
 1) Union of the Jackson and Calhoun groups. 
 
 2) Adams' message: effect on Crawford group. 
 
 3) Relations of Jackson and Calhoun. Van Buren 's opportunity. 
 
 c. Attacks upon the President. 
 
 1) Bribery and corruption charge. 
 
 2) Criticisms of the first message of Adams. 
 
 3) Political manipulation of Panama Congress. 
 
 4) Criticism of appointments. 389. 
 
 8. The tariff and sectionalism. 084-388. 
 
 a. Prosperity of sections compared and explained. 
 
 b. Sectional views of the effect of the tariff. Clay 's " American system" 
 
 argument. 
 
 c. Tariff legislation to 1828: 
 
 1) Demand for higher protection and bill of 1820. (Note sec- 
 tional distribution of votes.) 
 
 46 
 
2) Act of 1824. 
 
 3) The protectionist agitation of 1827. 
 
 4) "The Tariff of Abominations." Political and economic 
 
 character. 
 
 5) Change of attitude of Calhoun and Webster, 1816-1828. 
 
 (Account for it in each case.) 
 
 d. Rise of Southern opposition to the tariff. 
 
 1) Leadership of South Carolina. 
 
 2) Working out the theory of nullification: 
 
 a) Calhoun's position. 
 
 b) Analysis of the Exposition of 1828. 
 
 3) Reasons for not trying nullification in 1828. 
 
 9. The presidential election of 1828. 388-390. 
 
 a. Campaign arguments. (Determine real issues.) 
 
 b. Alignment of voters. Outcome. 
 
 REFERENCES 
 
 Other Texts: 
 
 Elson, 451-476. 
 Fish, 128-182. 
 Hart, 222-262, 
 West, .436-469. 
 
 General Accounts: 
 
 Garner and Lodge, History of United States, II, 764-829. 
 
 Johnson, Union and Democracy, 230-345. 
 
 MacDonald, From Jefferson to Lincoln, 7-43. 
 
 Walker, Making of the Nation, 250-273; and Burgess, Middle Period, 1-165. 
 
 Wilson, History of American People, III, 232-291. 
 
 Topical Readings: 
 
 la. Gordy, Political History of United States, II, 325-340. 
 
 lb. Second United Sta es Bank. 
 
 Babcock, Rise of American Nationality, 216-230. 
 
 Gordy, II, 341-358. 
 
 Hart, American History by Contemporaries, III, 441-445. 
 
 Tariff 0/1816. 
 
 Babcock, 231-242. 
 
 Hart, Contemporaries, III, 434-436. 
 
 47 
 
Internal Improvements. 
 
 Babcock, 243-258; and Turner, Rise of New West, 224-235. 
 Hart, Contemporaries, III, 436-440. 
 
 Supreme Court Decisions. 
 Babcock, 290-308. 
 Hart, Contemporaries, III, 446-450. 
 
 2. Stanwood, History of the Presidency, I, 106-124. 
 Babcock, 202-215. 
 
 3. Turner, 67-110. 
 
 Hart, Contemporaries, III, 459-478. 
 
 4a. Hoist, Constitutional History of United States, I, 277-288. 
 
 4b. Hoist, I, 288-301. 
 
 Bassett, Federalist System, 178-189. 
 
 4c. Hoist, I, 302-339. 
 Gordy, II, 390-406. 
 Channing, Jeffersonian System, 100-110. 
 
 4d. Hoist, I, 340-381. 
 Turner, 149-171. 
 Gordy, II, 407-414. 
 Hart, Contemporaries, III, 452-458. 
 
 5a. Babcock, 271-289. 
 Gordy, II, 359-389. 
 Hart, Contemporaries, III, 481-487. 
 
 5b. Turner, 199-223. 
 Gordy, II, 484-496. 
 Hart, Contemporaries, III, 479-480, 487-508. 
 
 6. Stanwood, I, 125-141. 
 Turner, 245-264. 
 Gordy, II, 511-535. 
 
 7. Turner, 265-285. 
 Gordy, II, 536-560. 
 
 8. Turner, 236-244, 299-332. 
 Gordy, II, 497-510. 
 
 9. Stanwood, I, 142-150. 
 Gordy, II, 561-581. 
 
 48 
 
XI. PARTY DEVELOPMENT AND SECTIONAL CONTROVERSY 
 
 (1829-1844) 
 
 1. Democracy and its methods. 
 
 a. Underlying causes of Jackson's election. 
 
 1) Growth of the West. (For example, note 344-345.) 
 
 2) Extension of the suffrage. 472-476. (Account for unusual 
 
 character of inauguration. 392.) 
 
 b. New practices: "Spoils System." (Formulate a definition of "Spoils 
 
 System.") 393. 
 
 1) Sources of practices adopted. 
 
 2) Jackson's view of rotation in office. 
 
 c. New practices: Conventions and platforms (1832). 403-404. 
 
 2. Problems of Jackson's presidency. 
 
 a. Cabinet. 392-394. 
 
 1) Factional influences affecting composition. 
 
 2) "Kitchen Cabinet" and significance. 
 
 3) Eaton affair and significance. 
 
 b. Internal improvements. 394-396. 
 
 1) Calhoun's earlier championship. 
 
 2) Jackson's views and Van Buren's influence. 
 
 3) Constitutional and political grounds for Maysville Road veto: 
 
 consequences. 
 
 c. Georgia Indian question. 400. 
 
 1) Agreement of 1802. 
 
 2) Issue between Georgia and Indians, 1825-1833. 
 
 3) Supreme Court decisions. 
 
 4) Jackson's attitude. 
 
 5) Removal of Southern tribes across Mississippi. 466-468. 
 
 d. Nullification contest. 
 
 1) Webster-Hayne debate, 1830. 396-399. 
 
 a) Gist of Foote resolution and attitude of West and South. 
 
 (How did nullification theory become involved in 
 the debate?) 
 
 b) Review Exposition of 1828 (387-388) and summarize 
 
 constitutional arguments of Hayne and Webster. 
 
 2) Division of Democratic party, 1830-1831. 399-403. 
 
 a) Jefferson birthday toasts. 
 
 b) Quarrel of Jackson and Calhoun. 
 
 AH 
 
c) Reorganization of cabinet. 
 
 d) Nomination of Van Buren for vice presidency. 
 
 3) Attempt at nullification, 1832. 407-409. 
 
 a) Calhoun's leadership and papers explaining nullification. 
 
 b) Nullification ordinance. (Note provisions and determine 
 
 why passed by a convention.) 
 
 c) Acts of S. C. legislature. 
 
 d) Jackson's measures and proclamation. "Force Bill." 
 
 4) Compromise, 1833. 409-410. 
 
 a) Plan of Van Buren faction; Verplanck bill. 
 
 b) Attitude of other Southern states. 
 
 c) Effect of a) and b) on South Carolina. 
 
 d) Clay's part as "Pacificator." Terms of compromise. 
 
 (Which side gained?) 
 
 e. United States Bank. 411-415. 
 
 1) Bank situation at Jackson's election: Jackson's views and 
 
 Biddle 's plans. 
 
 2) Jackson's plans as shown by first and second messages. 
 
 3) Recharter issue in campaign of 1832: 
 
 a) Biddle 's reasons for seeking recharter. 
 
 b) Veto message; significance. 
 
 c) Effect of re-election on Jackson. 
 
 4) Removal of deposits. (Note why and how done and where 
 
 placed.) 
 
 5) Senate resolutions on Jackson's conduct. 
 
 6) Effect of bank war on Democratic party. 
 
 f. Foreign relations. 
 
 1) England and West India trade. 415-417. (Determine status 
 
 of trade with British West Indies to 1825, recalling 
 rejected article of Jay's treaty.) 
 
 a) British concessions of 1825 and reasons therefor. 
 
 b) Procedure of Jackson and his success. 
 
 2) France and spoliation claims. 417-419. 
 
 a) Origin of claims. Excuses for non-payment. 
 
 b) Agreement of 1831 and Jackson's measures to secure 
 
 fulfillment. 
 
 3) Mexico and Texas question. 419-422. (See 448 for map.) 
 
 a) Early Texas: form of government; source of population; 
 
 Mexican measures against immigration and slavery. 
 
 b) Texas Revolution, 1835-1836. 
 
 (1) Immediate cause — Santa Anna's centralist revo- 
 lution. 
 
 (2) Early reverses. The Alamo and San Jacinto. 
 
 c) Attitude of U. S. 
 
 (1) Early efforts to buy Texas. 
 
 (2) Sympathy with the Revolution. 
 
 50 
 
(3) Sentiment for and against annexation. 
 
 (4) Recognition. 
 
 3. Party development under Jackson. 
 
 a. Presidential campaign of 1832. . 403-405. 
 
 1) Formation of National Republican party. 
 
 a) Relation to administration party under Adams. 
 
 b) Effect of Jackson's measures on National Republicans. 
 
 2) Anti-Masonic party. (Why memorable?) 
 
 3) Campaign. Triumph of Jackson. 
 
 b. Rise of Whig party. 
 
 (About 1833, the opposition began to refer to the President as "King" Jackson, be- 
 cause of his vigorous measures; hence the opposition became known as the "Whig" 
 Party. The Whigs absorbed the National Republicans, the Anti-Masons, and many 
 of the nullifiers. Note the incongruity of these elements; the result will appear in 
 Tyler's administration. Note Whig plan in campain of 1836. 425.) 
 
 c. Progress of Democratic party. (Note effects of contests of Jackson's 
 
 terms in harmonizing party by removing discordant 
 elements. Contrast Democrats with Whigs in this 
 respect.) 
 
 1) Campaign of 1836. (Note dominance of Jackson.) 425-426. 
 
 2) Summarize what Jacksonian Democracy stood for. 
 
 4. Financial questions, 1833-1840. 
 
 a. Revenue and currency under Jackson. 422-425. 
 
 1) "Pet banks" as depositories of government funds. 
 
 2) Payment of national debt, 1834. Accumulation of surplus. 
 
 3) Distribution Act of 1836. 424. 
 
 4) Efforts on behalf of hard money. 
 
 a) Attempts to force specie into circulation. 423. 
 
 b) Specie circular. 425. 
 
 b. Panic of 1837. Causes. 432. 
 
 1) Fundamental: over-speculation in promoting development 
 
 of country. 
 
 2) Contributory: inflation of currency by bank paper; specie 
 
 circular; government deposits in state banks; distri- 
 bution of surplus. 
 
 c. Policy of Van Buren administration. 433. 
 
 1) Borrowing. 
 
 2) Insistence on specie circular. 
 
 3) Independent treasury plan and contest for adoption. 
 
 5. Tyler and the Clay Whigs. 
 
 a. Presidential election of 1840. 433-435. 
 
 1) Candidate and platform of Democrats. 
 
 2) Question of Whig candidate. (Why no platform?) 
 
 3) Triumph of Whigs. (Account for it.) 
 
 51 
 
4) Death of Harrison. 
 
 Bank quarrel. 435-436. 
 
 1) Tyler's views vs. Clay's program. 
 
 2) Bank contest and split in party. Tyler's hope of creating a 
 
 new party. 
 
 3) Fate of remainder of Clay program. Relation of distribution 
 
 act and tariff. 
 
 Maine boundary settlement. 437-438. 
 
 REFERENCES 
 
 Other Texts: 
 
 Elson, 478-508, 513-516. 
 
 Fish, 184-260. 
 
 West, 470-532. 
 
 Wilson, Division and Reunion, 1-115, 133-141. 
 
 General Accounts: 
 
 Dodd, Expansion and Conflict, 1-118. 
 MacDonald, From Jefferson to Lincoln, 44-62. 
 Wilson, History of American People, IV, 1-100. 
 
 Topical Readings: 
 
 1. Fiske, Essays Historical and Literary, I, 221-264. 
 Fiske, I, 267-313. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, History of U. S., II, 830-852. 
 MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy, 3-42, 54-66, 256-275. 
 Merriam, American Political Theories, 176-202. 
 Hart, American History by Contemporaries, III, 531-560. 
 
 2a. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democrccy, 43-54. 
 
 2b. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy, 134-147. 
 
 2c. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy, 169-182. 
 Burgess, Middle Period, 210-220. 
 
 2d. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy, 67-111, 148-168. 
 Burgess, 166-189, 220-241. 
 Garner and Lodge, II, 852-866. 
 
 52 
 
2e. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy, 112-133, 218-239. 
 Burgess, 190-209. 
 Garner and Lodge, II, 866-882. 
 
 2f. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy, 200-217. 
 
 Foster, Century of American Diplomacy, 273-279. 
 
 3a. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy, 183-199. 
 Stanwood, History of Presidency, I, 151-165. 
 
 3c. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy, 292-315. 
 Stanwood, I, 178-189. 
 
 4a. MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy, 253-255, 276-291. 
 Burgess, 278-288. 
 
 4b,c. Garner and Lodge, II, 883-892. 
 
 Hart, Slavery and Abolition, 296-308. 
 
 5a. Garner and Lodge, III, 893-902. 
 
 Garrison, Westward Extension, 43-50, 
 Standwood, I, 190-205. 
 
 5b. Fiske, I, 217-261. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, III, 902-912. 
 Garrison, 51-66, 17.1-187. 
 
 5c. Garrison, 67-84. 
 
 53 
 
XII. THE STRUGGLE OVER EXTENSION OF SLAVERY (1844-1860) 
 
 1. Divergence of North and South over slavery. 
 
 , a. Status of slavery in South. 468-471. 
 
 1) Slaveholders and "poor whites." 
 
 2) Treatment of slaves. 
 
 b. Anti-slavery movement. 428-431. 
 
 1) Characteristics before and after 1830. 
 
 2) Effects of agitation on South. 
 
 3) Attempts to check agitation. 
 
 a) Use of the mails. 
 
 b) Right of petition. 
 
 4) Effect of anti-slavery on churches. 471-472. 
 
 2. Contest over slavery in acquired territories. 
 
 a. Territorial expansion. 
 
 1) Annexation of Texas. 438-439, 441-444. 
 
 a) Tyler's reasons for reviving project. 
 
 b) Negotiations. Provisions of treaty. 
 
 c) Rejection of Tyler's treaty by Senate. 
 
 d) Presidential campaign of 1844. 441-443. 
 
 (1) Views of Van Buren and Clay, and of the party 
 conventions, with reference to Texas. 
 
 (2) Candidates. Chief issue. Influence of Liberty 
 party on outcome. 
 
 e) Annexation accomplished. 
 
 (1) Bearing of election on question. 
 
 (2) Method urged by Tyler. Advantages. Terms 
 offered to Texas. 
 
 (3) Tyler's timely action; decision of Texas. 
 
 2) Partition of Oregon. 440-441, 445. 
 
 a) Early claims and relinquishments. 
 
 b) Joint occupation agreements and proposed boundaries. 
 
 c) Traders vs. settlers. 
 
 d) Oregon as an issue in 1844. 
 
 e) Polk's course, England's concession, and treaty of 1846. 
 
 3) Mexican War and results. 446-450. 
 a) Preliminary diplomacy. 
 
 (1) Severance of diplomatic relations. 444. 
 
 (2) Slidell's mission and failure. 
 
 (3) Significance of Taylor's advance to Rio Grande. 
 
 54 
 
b) War. 
 
 (1) Beginning of hostilities and declaration. 
 
 (2) Three-fold movement of U. S. troops. 
 
 c) Treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo. 
 
 (1) Circumstances under which signed. 
 
 (2) Terms of treaty. 
 
 b. Slavery issue and Compromise of 1850. 450-458. 
 
 1) Wilmot proviso: terms, attitude of sections and parties, and 
 
 vote in Congress. 
 
 2) Parties in election of 1848. Position of each on slavery. Rise 
 
 of Free Soil party. Significance of Taylor's election. 
 
 3) Oregon controversy. (Compare Calhoun's view with Wilmot 
 
 proviso.) Outcome. 
 
 4) Situation in California. 480-482. 
 
 5) Character of session of Congress, 1848-1849. Critical situa- 
 
 tion at close. 453. 
 
 6) Compromise proposals. (Distinguish four plans thus far 
 
 proposed for settlement of slavery question in terri- 
 tories.) 
 
 7) Clay's plan and purpose. 
 
 8) Debate on Clay's proposals: arguments of Clay, Calhoun, 
 
 and Webster. 
 
 9) Compromise as passed, 1850. (Examine in Readings. Wherein 
 
 lay the weakness of the compromise?) 
 10) Attitude of the South toward compromise. 
 
 3. Economic and social development. 
 
 a. Tariff history, 1846-1861. 445, 483. 
 
 b. Immigration, growth of West, and improvements in transportation 
 
 facilities. 461-465. 
 
 c. Progress of education. 476-480. 
 
 4. Re-opening of the slavery controversy. 485-489. 
 
 a. Effort to make Compromise of 1850 permanent. 
 
 1) "Finality" resolutions. 
 
 2) Candidates and election of 1852. 
 
 b. Slavery contest renewed. 
 
 1) New leaders in control. 488. 
 
 2) Pierce's cabinet appointments. 486. 
 
 3) Inaugural address. 
 
 4) Northern hostility to Fugitive Slave Law. 
 
 5) Repeal of the Missouri Compromise. 486-489. 
 
 a) Status of Nebraska before 1854. 
 
 b) Atchison's change of view. 
 
 c) Kansas-Nebraska Act. (Examine in Readings.) 
 (1) Douglas' bill: popular sovereignty. 
 
 55 
 
(2) Motives of Douglas. 
 
 (3) Terms of act as passed. (Why were two territories 
 
 provided for?) 
 
 (4) Relation to Compromises of 1820 and 1850. 
 
 5. Popular sovereignty in practice, 1855-1861. 489-493. 
 
 a. Sectional efforts to control action of Kansas. 
 
 1) Organized immigration from the North. 
 
 2) Tactics of the Missourians. 
 
 3) Rival settlements and territorial governments. 
 
 b. Interference of the federal government. 
 
 1) Proper course of federal government? 
 
 2) Action of President Pierce. 
 
 3) Kansas question before Congress. Assault on Sumner and 
 
 its effects. 
 
 c. Outbreak of violence in Kansas, 1856-1857. 
 
 1) Plunder of Lawrence. 
 
 2) John Brown's bloody revenge. 
 
 3) General guerrilla warfare. 
 
 4) Temporary subsidence of strife. 
 
 d. Efforts under Buchanan to admit Kansas as slave state. 
 
 1) Formation of Lecompton Constitution. Method of submission 
 
 to popular vote. 
 
 2) Rejection of Lecompton Constitution by Congress. (Explain 
 
 Douglas' opposition.) 
 
 3) "English Bill" and its rejection by Kansas. 
 
 4) Significance to South of Kansas struggle. 
 
 5) Final admission of Kansas, 1861. 
 
 6. Effect of slavery issue on political parties, 1850-1856. 493-497. 
 
 a. Anti-Nebraska Democrats. 488. 
 
 b. Decline of Whig party. 493, 495. 
 
 c. Rise of Know Nothing party. (Review 462-463.) 
 
 1) Principles; relation to existing parties. 
 
 2) Success and decline, reasons for both. 
 
 d. Birth of Republican party. 
 
 1) Origin; spread; sources of strength. 
 
 2) Leading principle of party. 
 
 3) Coalition with Whigs in N. Y. and Mass. 
 
 e. Presidential election of 1856. 
 
 1) Candidates, parties and public opinion. 
 
 2) Principal issue; results of election. 
 
 3) Chief campaign literature. 
 
 56 
 
7. Widening of breach between North and South, 1857-1860. 
 
 a. Judicial attempt to solve question of slavery in territories. 497-499. 
 
 1) Facts of Dred Scott case. 
 
 2) Points before the court. 
 
 3) Taney 's decision. 
 
 4) Objections of anti-slavery people. 
 
 a) Curtis' minority opinion. 
 
 b) Charge of obiter dictum. 
 
 b. Increasing strength of Republicans. 
 
 1) Effect of panic of 1857. 499. (See also 482-483.) 
 
 2) Lincoln-Douglas debates. 499-502. 
 
 a) Douglas* chances for 1860. 
 
 b) Reason for debates. 
 
 c) "House-divided" speech. 
 
 d) "Freeport Doctrine" and its effects. 
 
 3) Republican successes in 1858. 
 
 4) "Impending Crisis" and speakership contest. 504-505. 
 
 c. The John Brown raid. 502-504. 
 
 1) Character of John Brown; his plans, preparations, failure 
 
 and death. (Map on 550.) 
 
 2) Effects on North and South. (What is your opinion of his 
 
 exploit?) 
 
 d. Triumph of the "Black Republicans," 1860. 505-509. 
 
 1) Split in Democratic party: Davis resolutions, platform diffi- 
 
 culties, separate conventions and nominees. 
 
 2) Chief Republican candidates; the convention's choice. 
 
 3) Constitutional Union party; purpose and candidates. 
 
 4) Campaign arguments. 
 
 5) Electoral vote. (Compare with popular vote.) 
 
 REFERENCES 
 
 Other Texts: 
 
 Elson, 509-513, 516-614. 
 Fish, 260-359. 
 West, 533-586. 
 Wilson, 116-132, 141-210. 
 
 General Accounts: 
 
 Dodd, Expansion and Conflict, 118-266. 
 MacDonald, From Jefferson to Lincoln, 63-250. 
 Wilson, History of American People, IV, 100-199. 
 
 57 
 
Topical Readings: 
 
 la. Hart, Slavery and Abolition, 49-135. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, History of United States, III, 981-995. 
 Hart, American History by Contemporaries, III, 574-594. 
 Hart, Contemporaries, IV, 59-79. 
 
 lb. Hart, Slavery and Abolition, 136-214, 242-275. 
 Garner and Lodge, III. 955-980. 
 Merriam, American Political Theories, 203-251. 
 Burgess, Middle Period, 242-277. 
 Hart, Contemporaries, III, 595-636. 
 Hart, Contemporaries, IV, 80-96. 
 
 2a. Texas Annexation. 
 
 Garrison, Westward Extension, 85-156. 
 Burgess, Middle Period, 289-310, 318-324. 
 Garner and Lodge, III, 912-924. 
 Stanwood, History of Presidency, I, 206-225. 
 Hart, Contemporaries, III, 637-655. 
 
 Oregon. 
 
 Garrison, 157-173. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, III, 925-931. 
 
 Burgess, Middle Period, 311-317, 324-326. 
 
 Mexican War. 
 
 Garrison, 188-253. 
 Garner and Lodge, III, 931-954. 
 Burgess, Middle Period, 327-339. 
 Hart, Contemporaries, IV, 11-34. 
 
 2b. Garrison, 254-284, 294-332. 
 
 Burgess, Middle Period, 340-364. 
 Garner and Lodge, III, 996-1027 
 Stanwood, I, 226-243. 
 Hart, Contemporaries, IV, 35-58. 
 
 4a. Smith, Parties and Slavery, 3-39. 
 Burgess, Middle Period, 365-379. 
 Garner and Lodge, III, 1027-1039 
 Stanwood, I, 244-257. 
 
 4b. Smith, 40-58, 75-108. 
 
 Burgess, Middle Period, 380-406. 
 Garner and Lodge, III, 1040-1062. 
 
 5. Burgess, Middle Period, 407-448, 460-474. 
 Smith, 121-135, 149-160, 209-227. 
 Garner and Lodge, III, 1072-1080. 
 Hart, Contemporaries, IV, 104-121. 
 
 58 
 
6. Smith, 109-120, 136-148, 161-173. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, III, 1062-1072, 1080-1086, 1094-1097. 
 
 Stanwood, I, 258-278. 
 
 Hart, Contemporaries, IV, 100-104. 
 
 7a. Burgess, Middle Period, 449-459. 
 Smith, 190-208. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, III, 1087-1093. 
 Hart, Contemporaries, IV, 122-135. 
 
 7b. Garner and Lodge, III, 1097-1108. 
 
 Chadwick, Causes of Civil War, 90-108. 
 
 Smith, 227-235. 
 
 Hart, Contemporaries, IV, 136-144. 
 
 7c. Chadwick, 67-89. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, III. 1108-1115. 
 
 Burgess, Civil War and Constitution, I, 28-44. 
 
 Hart, Contemporaries, IV, 144-150. 
 
 7d. Chadwick, 109-135. 
 
 Burgess, Civil War and Constitution, I, 1-27, 45-73. 
 
 Stanwood, I, 279-297. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, III, 1115-1126. 
 
 Hart, Contemporaries, IV, 151-163. 
 
 59 
 
XIII. THE CIVIL WAR (1861-1865) 
 
 1. Secession and attempts at adjustment. 511-514. 
 
 a. Withdrawal of South Carolina. (Note immediate cause.) 
 
 b. Action of gulf states. (Note motives.) 
 
 c. Formation of Confederate States. Character of Constitution. 587. 
 
 d. Policy of Buchanan. 
 
 1) View of right of secession. 
 
 2) Plan of action. 
 
 e. Attempts at compromise. 
 
 1) Crittenden Compromise. Effort for referendum. 
 
 2) The Peace Convention. 
 
 2. Opening of hostilities. 514-520. 
 
 a. Policy of Lincoln. 
 
 1) Rejection of compromise. 
 
 2) View of right of secession. 
 
 3) Course pursued. 
 
 a) In dealing with Seward. 
 
 b) With reference to Fort Sumter. 
 
 b. Effects of Sumter episode on North, South, and border states. 517. 
 
 Peculiar situation in Virginia. 520-521. 
 
 c. Relative strength and resources of sections. 
 
 d. Preliminary operations: Virginia, West Virginia and Missouri. 
 
 519-520, 526-527. 
 
 3. Relations with Great Britain. 521-524. 
 
 a. English sympathies during war. 
 
 b. U. S. difficulties with British government. 
 
 1) Proclamation of neutrality. Significance. 
 
 2) Trent affair. 
 
 3) Question of Confederate cruisers. 
 
 4. Campaigns, 1861-1865. 526-571. 
 
 a. General plan of operations. 
 
 1) Object of land operations. 526. 
 
 2) Work of the navy. 569. 
 
 b. Western campaigns. 526-543. 
 
 1) Effect of preliminary campaign of 1861. 
 
 2) Campaign of 1862. 
 
 a) Grant at Forts Henry and Donelson; at Shiloh. 
 
 60 
 
b) Progress toward opening Mississippi river. 529. 
 
 c) Bragg 's operations in Tennessee and Kentucky. 
 
 d) Net results. 
 
 3) Campaign of 1863. 
 
 a) Fall of Vicksburg. (Significance?) 
 
 b) Operations around Chattanooga. 
 
 c) Net results. 
 
 4) Campaign of 1864. (Note Grant's promotion.) 
 
 a) Sherman's march through Georgia to sea. 
 
 b) Destruction of Hood's army in Tennessee. 
 
 c) Net results. 
 
 5) Campaign of 1865. 
 
 a) Sherman's march northward. (Object?) 
 
 b) Surrender of Johnston 's army. 
 
 6) Operations beyond Mississippi river, 1861-1865. 
 
 c. Eastern campaigns. 545-569. 
 
 1) Effect of preliminary campaign of 1861. 
 
 2) Campaign of 1862. 
 
 a) McClellan's Peninsular campaign. 
 
 b) Lee's first invasion of North: Antietam. 
 
 c) Burnside at Fredericksburg. 
 
 d) Net results. 
 
 3) Campaign of 1863. 
 
 a) Hooker at Chancellorsville. 
 
 b) Second invasion of North: Gettysburg. 
 
 c) Net results. 
 
 4) Campaign of 1864. 
 
 a) Grant's operations against Richmond. 
 
 b) Sheridan in Shenandoah Valley. 
 
 c) Net results. 
 
 5) Collapse of Confederacy, 1865. 
 
 a) General situation early in 1865. 566. 
 
 b) Hampton Roads conference. 
 
 c) Surrender of Lee. Other surrenders. 
 
 d. Federal naval operations. 569-571. 
 
 e. Assassination of Lincoln. 568. 
 
 5. Process of enlistment in the North. 572-574. 
 
 a. Volunteers. 
 
 b. Draft law; its success; New York riots. 
 
 c. Bounties. 
 
 d. Abuses of the system. 
 
 e. Enlistment of negroes. Attitude of Confederates. 
 
 61 
 
6. Federal finances. 574-576. 
 
 a. Chief sources of revenue. 
 
 1) Taxation: income tax; higher tariff and excises. 
 
 2) Issue of legal tender ("greenbacks"). 
 
 3) Issue of bonds at high rates of interest. 
 
 b. National banking act. 
 
 1) Dual purpose of act. 
 
 2) Main provisions. 
 
 3) Act of 1865 and its effect on state banks. 
 
 c. Currency difficulties. 
 
 7. Progress of emancipation, 577-581. 
 
 a. Purpose of the war. 
 
 1) Position of Congress and of Lincoln. 
 
 2) Desire of the radicals. 
 
 b. Development of emancipation movement. 
 
 1) Action of military commanders. 
 
 2) Confiscation Acts of Congress. (See also 576.) 
 
 3) Conservative policy of president. 
 
 a) Proposals of compensation. (Where?) 
 
 b) Attitude toward action of commanders. 
 
 c) Tentative proclamation; Seward's suggestion. 
 
 d) Impatience of radicals; Greeley's "Prayer." 
 
 e) Lincoln's statement of his position. (Did he act con- 
 
 sistently with his belief?) 
 
 f) Proclamation: occasion, terms, constitutional basis. 
 
 (Were all slaves freed?) (Examine the proclamation 
 in Readings.) 
 
 4) Emancipation by state amendment. 
 
 5) Thirteenth amendment; terms and reasons for passage. 
 
 580, 599. 
 
 8. War powers of the president. 585-586. 
 
 a. Lincoln's war proclamations, their justification and. constitution- 
 
 ality. 
 
 b. Military arrests and suspension of writ of habeas corpus. 
 
 1) Justification; constitutionality. 
 
 2) In Maryland; and under proclamation of 1862. 
 
 3) Habeas Corpus Act of 1863 and its effect. 
 
 4) Ex parte Milligan case (1866). 612. 
 
 9. Political parties during the war. 581-585. 
 
 a. Three administration groups. (Distinguish.) 
 
 62 
 
b. Regular Democrats: principles and tactics. 
 
 c. Reaction against Lincoln administration. 
 
 1) Causes. Elections of 1862. 
 
 2) Strife within Republican party. 
 
 3) Tactics of the "Copperheads." 
 
 d. Counter-reaction in favor of Lincoln. 
 
 1) Vallandigham episode (1863). 
 
 2) Failure of Chase's candidacy. 
 
 3) Campaign of 1864: candidates, issues, results. (Account for 
 
 Johnson's nomination. See also 599.) 
 
 10. Problems and policies of the Confederate States. 587-592. 
 
 a. Presidency of Davis: weakness and strength. 
 
 b. Peace party and its failure. 
 
 c. Foreign relations. 
 
 1) Failure to secure recognition from Great Britain. 
 
 2) Friendly neutrality of France. 
 
 d. Difficulties of raising troops. (Compare with North.) 
 
 e. Financial resources and expedients. 
 
 f. Effects of the blockade. 
 
 REFERENCES 
 
 Other Texts: 
 
 Elson, 624-785. 
 Fish, 360-403. 
 West, 587-618. 
 Wilson, 210-252. 
 
 General Accounts: 
 
 Dodd, Expansion and Confllict, 268-328. 
 
 Paxson, Cttn7 War, (1861) 1-91; (1862) 92-137; (1863) 137-208; (1864-65) 209-248. 
 
 Rhodes, Lectures on American Civil War, (1861) 89-109, (1862) 109-143, (1863) 143-185, 
 
 (1864-65) 185-195. 
 Wilson, History of American People, IV, 199-263. 
 Hart, American History by Contemporaries, IV, (1862) 324-358; (1863) 359-389; (1864) 
 
 412-436; (1865) 437-444. 
 
 Topical Readings: 
 
 1. Garner and Lodge, History of United States, III, 1127-1159. 
 Chadwick, Causes of Civil War, 136-277. 
 Rhodes, Lectures on Civil War, 65-89. 
 Burgess, Civil War and Constitution, I, 74-137. 
 Hart, IV, 164-199, 204-210. 
 
 63 
 
2a. Chadwick, 278-342. 
 Burgess, I, 138-166. 
 Garner and Lodge, III, 1159-1168. 
 Hart, IV, 199-203, 211-227, 293-295. 
 
 2b. Burgess, I, 167-205. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, III, 1169-1182. 
 
 2c. Hosmer, Appeal to Arms, 3-34. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, III, 1182-1190. 
 Hart, IV, 228-255. 
 
 2d. Hosmer, Appeal to Arms, 35-83. 
 Burgess, I, 206-275. 
 Garner and Lodge, III 11 °0-1201. 
 Hart, IV, 306-323. 
 
 3. Foster, Century of American Diplomacy, 357-400. 
 Hosmer, Appeal to Arms, 306-322. 
 Burgess, II, 288-300. 
 
 4b. Campaign of 1862. 
 
 Hosmer, Appeal to Arms, 84-124, 218-233. 
 • Garner and Lodge. Ill, 1202-1227. 
 
 Burgess, I, 276-320; II, 1-6, 61-71, 119-130. 
 
 Campaign of 1863. 
 
 Hosmer, Appeal to Arms, 265-280; Hosmer, Outcome, 23-56. 
 Garner and Lodge, III, 1264-1274, 1285-1288. 
 Burgess, II. 145-155, 180-205. 
 
 Campaign of 1864. 
 
 Hosmer, Outcome of Civil War, 106-122, 201-217. 
 Garner and Lodge, III, 1304-1331. 
 Burgess, II, 234-246. 261-270. 
 
 Campaign of 1865. 
 
 Hosmer, Outcome of Civil War, 232-248. 
 Garner and Lodge, III, 1332-1334. 
 
 4c. Campaign of 1862. 
 
 Hosmer, Appeal to Arms, 125-200, 234-247. 
 Garner and Lodge, III, 1228-1263. 
 Burgess, II, 7-60, 89-113. 
 
 Campaign of 1863. 
 
 Hosmer, Appeal to Arms, 248-264, 281-305. 
 Garner and Lodge, III, 1274-1285. 
 Burgess, II, 131-145, 157-179, 206-213. 
 
 64 
 
Campaign of 1864. 
 
 Hosmer, Outcome of Civil War, 72-105, 186-200. 
 Garner and Lodge, III, 1289-1304. 
 Burgess, II, 247-260. 
 
 Campaign of 1865. 
 
 Hosmer, Outcome of Civil War, 218-231, 269-306. 
 Garner and Lodge, III, 1334-1346. 
 Burgess, II, 271-287. 
 
 4d. Hosmer, Outcome of Civil War, 163-185. 
 
 6. Garner and Lodge, III, 1352-1361. 
 Hosmer, Outcome of Civil War, 13-22, 127-132. 
 
 7. Burgess, II, 72-88, 114-118. 
 Hosmer, Appeals to Arms, 201-217. 
 
 8. Garner and Lodge, III, 1347-1352. 
 Hosmer, Outcome of Civil War, 3-13. 
 Burgess, II, 214-225. 
 
 9. Hosmer, Outcome of Civil War, 145-162. 
 Stanwood, History of Presidency, I, 298-312. 
 
 10. Brown, Lower South in American History, 155-187. 
 Wilson, History of American People, IV, 265-312. 
 
 65 
 
XIV. RECONSTRUCTION OF THE SOUTHERN STATES 
 
 1. Federal policy toward South at end of war. Dual problem: 
 
 a. Reconstruction of Southern states. 
 
 b. Adequate provision for welfare of emancipated negro. 
 
 2. Nature of problem of reconstruction. 594-595. 
 
 a. Two possible agencies of reconstruction. 
 
 b. Current theories of status of Southern states. (Distinguish care- 
 
 fully between them.) 
 
 1) Southern theory. 
 
 2) Presidential theory. 
 
 3) Sumner's "State-suicide" theory. 
 
 4) Stevens' "Conquered-provinces" theory. 
 
 5) "Forfeited rights" theory. 
 
 3. Presidential restoration of Southern States. 
 
 a. Lincoln's plan of restoration. 596-597. 
 
 1) Temporary military government. 
 
 2) Proclamation of Amnesty. (Did this include negro suffrage?) 
 
 3) Progress under this plan. 
 
 b. First clash with Congress. 597-598. 
 
 1) Dissatisfaction of radicals. 
 
 2) Wade-Davis bill and Lincoln. 
 
 c. Johnson 's plan of restoration. 599-601. 
 
 1) Early attitude toward South. 
 
 2) Proclamation of Amnesty. (Compare with Lincoln's.) 
 
 3) Action of states under Johnson 's plan. (Note his advice with 
 
 reference to thirteenth amendment.) 
 
 4. Problem of safeguarding the freedmen. 601-604. 
 
 a. Southern point of view; the old Black Code. 
 
 b. New Black Code; its bearing on thirteenth amendment. 
 
 c. Determination of radicals in Congress. 
 
 d. Early action of Congress:- Freedmen 's Bureau. Its operation. 
 
 5* Struggle between Johnson and Congress over Southern policy. 
 
 a. Johnson 's hopes of a moderate Republican party. 604,620-621. 
 
 b. Evolution of program of radicals. 604-608. (Characterize Stevens. 
 
 625-626.) 
 
 1) Attitude of Congress toward Johnson restoration. 
 
 2) Creation of joint committee on reconstruction. 
 
 66 
 
3) New Freedmen's Bureau bill (1866); its veto. Johnson's 
 
 undignified conduct; his mistaken policy. 
 
 4) Civil Rights Act; terms and constitutional basis. Conflict 
 
 with president. 
 
 5) First plan of Congressional reconstruction. 
 
 a) Fourteenth amendment (see Readings). Reasons for 
 
 passage. 
 
 b) Failure of South to ratify, except Tennessee which was 
 
 restored to Union (1866). 
 
 c. Fall elections of 1866: main facts and significance. 608, 611, 640-41. 
 
 d. Second Congressional plan: military reconstruction. 609-610. 
 
 1) Act of March 2, 1867. (Main act.) 
 
 2) Supplementary acts of March 23 and July 19. 
 
 3) Non-interference of Supreme Court. 612-613. 
 
 a) Mississippi v. Johnson. 
 
 b) Georgia v. Stanton. 
 
 c) Ex 'parte McCardle. 
 
 e. Efforts to remove Johnson. 613-617. 
 
 1) Efforts of Congress to curb president, especially Tenure of 
 
 Office Act. 611. 
 
 2) First attempts to impeach. 
 
 3) Impeachment and trial of Johnson. (Note constitutional 
 
 basis for impeachment, charges against Johnson, 
 nature of the court, Johnson's defence and the 
 decision.) 
 
 6. Working out of military reconstruction in the South. 
 
 a. Social and political conditions in South. 619-622. 
 
 1) Southern view of Congressional reconstruction. 
 
 2) Formation of a party of conservatives. 
 
 3) Birth of a Southern Republican party. Its elements. 
 
 b. Re-establishment of the Union. 
 
 1) Military reconstruction in operation. 622-625. 
 
 a) Military governors and their activities. 
 
 b) Tactics of the Southerners: Alabama plan. 
 
 c) Action of the Southern States. (What states remained 
 
 unreconstructed and why?) 
 
 2) Completion of the Union. 
 
 a) Fifteenth amendment passed by Congress. 626. (Why 
 
 needed?) 
 
 b) Reconstruction of last three states, upon condition of 
 
 ratification of fifteenth amendment. 625. 
 
 c) Second reconstruction of Georgia, after discipline and 
 
 upon like condition. 
 
 67 
 
7. Struggle of the South for white supremacy. 627-635. 
 
 a. Conditions leading to organized lawlessness in South. 
 
 1) Military reconstruction. 
 
 2) Assertiveness of negroes. Union League. 627. 
 
 3) Carpet-bag rule. (Note main characteristics.) 630-632. 
 
 b. Formation of Ku Klux Klan: purpose, expansion, methods, dis- 
 
 solution and later history. 627-630. 
 
 c. Repressive measures of federal government under Grant. 633-634. 
 
 (Note terms, object and constitutionality of the acts.) 
 
 1) Enforcement act of 1870. 
 
 2) Second enforcement act or federal elections act, 1871. 
 
 3) So-called Ku Klux act, 1871. 634, 629. 
 
 4) Later action: Civil Rights act, 1875,. 
 
 d. Triumph of Southern whites. 
 
 1) General Amnesty Act, 1872. 634-635. 
 
 2) Intimidation of negro voters. 630, 632-633. 
 
 3) Restoration of home rule, 1870-1877. 630-633. 
 
 4) Final withdrawal of troops by Hayes, 1877. 633. (See also 
 
 694-695.) 
 
 8. Judical interpretation of the war amendments. 635-638. 
 
 a. Attitude of Supreme Court on reconstruction. (Review 612-613.) 
 
 b. Slaughterhouse cases. Significance. 
 
 c. Later cases. 
 
 REFERENCES 
 
 Other Texts; 
 
 Elson, 786-812. 
 
 Fish, 403-416. 
 
 West, 618-630. 
 
 Wilson, 253-271, 274-277. 
 
 General Accounts: 
 
 Haworth, Reconstruction and Union, 7-35, 40-55. 
 
 Paxson, The New Nation, 32-55. 
 
 Wilson, History of American People, V, 1-78. 
 
 Topical Readings: 
 
 Dunning, Reconstruction Political and Economic, 3-50. 
 Garner and Lodge, History of United States, III, 1370-1386. 
 Burgess, Reconstruction and Constitution, 8-41. 
 Hart, American History by Contemporaries, IV, 459-478. 
 
 68 
 
4. Hart, IV, 445-458, 479-481. 
 
 5b. Dunning, 51-70. 
 Burgess, 42-83. 
 
 5c. Dunning, 71-84. 
 
 5d. Dunning, 85-98. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, III, 1386-1396. 
 Burgess, 84-143. 
 
 5e. Dunning, 99-108. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, III, 1397-1 105. 
 Burgess, 157-194. 
 
 6. Dunning, 109-123, 174-182. 
 Burgess, 144-156, 195-246. 
 Hart, IV, 485-489. 
 
 7. Garner and Lodge, IV, 1416-1429. 
 
 Brown, Lower South in American History, 191-225. 
 Andrews, United States in Our Own Time, 111-168. 
 Burgess, 247-276. 
 Dunning, 182-189, 203-219. 
 Hart, IV, 495-500. 
 
 8. Dunning, 252-265. 
 
 Beard, Contemporary American History, 54-67. 
 
 69 
 
XV. NATIONAL READJUSTMENT AFTER THE CIVIL WAR 
 
 (1865-1877) 
 
 1. Diplomatic adjustments under Johnson and Grant. 
 
 a. French in Mexico and their expulsion. 643. 
 
 b. Purchase of Alaska. 643-644. 
 
 c. Settlement of difficulties with England. 669-671, 672-674. 
 
 1) Early efforts. Johnson-Clarendon convention. 
 
 2) Sumner's statement of American claims. 
 
 3) Treaty of Washington, 1871. 
 
 4) Deliberations at Geneva; the award. 
 
 2. Financial reorganization. 660-664. 
 
 a. State of national finances. 
 
 b. Sources of opposition to revision of financial system. 
 
 c. McCulloch's plan, 1865-1869. 
 
 1) Refunding and reduction of debt. 
 
 2) Reduction of high war taxes. (Which kinds?) 
 
 3) Abortive attempt to lower tariff. 
 
 4) Retirement of greenbacks, 1866-1868. (Object? Explain the 
 
 expression, "resumption of specie payment.") 
 
 d. Boutwell's policy. (Contrast it with McCulloch's.) 
 
 e. Legal tender cases. 
 
 3. Party situation after the war. 640-643. 
 
 a. New issues and sources of strength of Republicans. 
 
 b. Demoralization of Democratic party. 
 
 c. Campaign of 1868. 
 
 1) Republican nominations. 
 
 2) "Ohio Idea" and Democratic convention. 
 
 3) Campaign and outcome. 
 
 4. Grant's administrations. 
 
 a. Economic revolution and its effects. 664-669. 
 
 1) Chief fields of development. 
 
 2) Panic of 1873: cause and facts. 
 
 3) Continuance of hard times in West. 667-668. 
 
 1) Reasons. 
 
 2) Resulting currency demands. 
 
 3) Grant's veto of inflation bill, 1874. Political significance. 
 
 70 
 
4) Movement for resumption of specie payment. 668-669. 
 
 1) Causes. 
 
 2) Act of 1875. (See also 699.) 
 
 b. Mistaken policies of Grant's first term. 644-646. 
 
 1) Cabinet appointments; arbitrary dismissals. 
 
 2) Policy toward South. (See also 633). 
 
 3) Quarrel with Sumner. (See also 671-672.) 
 
 4) Vacillation on civil service reform. 
 
 c Campaign for re-election. 648-649. 
 
 1) Defection of Liberal Republicans; causes, leaders, candidates 
 
 2) Action of the Democrats. 
 
 3) Republican candidates and platform. 
 
 4) Campaign and outcome. 
 
 d. Political demoralization of Grant's second term. 649-652. 
 
 1) Causes. 
 
 2) Early scandals and frauds. 
 
 3) Democratic tidal wave of 1874. 
 
 4) Later exposures. 
 
 5. Contested election of 1876-1877. 652-658. 
 
 a. Candidates, nominations, issues. 
 
 b. Disputed returns. (Sum up case of each state.) 
 
 c. Electoral commission and its decision. 
 
 d. Effect on the South. 
 
 REFERENCES 
 Other Texts: 
 
 Elson, 813-842. 
 
 Fish, 416-450. 
 
 West, 630-640. 
 
 Wilson, 271-273, 277-287. 
 
 General Accounts: 
 
 Haworth, Reconstruction and Union, 35-39, 56-85. 
 
 Paxson, New Nation, 1-31, 55-85. 
 
 Wilson, History of American People, V, 78-113. 
 
 Topical Readings: 
 
 1. Foster, Century of American Diplomacy, 401-436. 
 
 Dunning, Reconstruction Political and Economic, 151-173. 
 Garner and Lodge, History of United States, IV, 1430-1452. 
 Burgess, Reconstruction and Constitution, 299-327. 
 Hart, American History by Contemporaries, IV, 547-556. 
 
 71 
 
2. Dunning, 136-150. 
 
 3c. Dunning, 124-135. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, IV, 1407-1415. 
 Stanwood, History of Presidency, I, 313-332. 
 
 4a. Garner and Lodge, IV, 1460-1476. 
 
 Beard, Contemporary American History, 27-41. 
 Dunning, 220-237; Sparks, National Development, 3^52. 
 Andrews, United States in Our Own Time, 249-274. 
 
 4b. Andrews, 23-56. 
 
 4c. Dunning, 190-202. 
 Andrews, 57-86. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, IV, 1453-1459. 
 Stanwood, I, 333-355. 
 
 4d. Dunning, 238-251, 281-293. 
 Andrews, 95-110. 
 
 5. Dunning, 266-280, 294-341. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, IV, 1477-1489. 
 Andrews, 195-222. 
 Burgess, 280-298. 
 Stanwood, I, 356-393. 
 
 72 
 
XVI. OPENING OF THE MODERN ERA (1877-1898) 
 
 Development of the Far West, 1860-1890. 
 
 a. Progress of settlement. 676-680. 
 
 1) Location of settlements, 1860. Character of unoccupied region. 
 
 2) Influence of precious metals. 
 
 a) Circumstances attending beginnings of settlement in 
 
 Nevada, Colorado, and Montana. 
 
 b) Dates marking political development of each. 
 
 c) Early and later methods of mining. 
 
 3) Beginnings of Idaho, Wyoming, Arizona, and Dakota. 
 
 4) Utah. Note peculiar facts. (See also 748.) 
 
 b. Transcontinental railroads. 680-683. 
 
 1) Reasons for public interest. 
 
 2) First line: Union Pacific and Central Pacific. 
 
 a) Provisions of creating acts. 
 
 b) Rivalry over eastern terminus. 
 
 c) Completion. 
 
 \/ 3) Main facts in history of other lines. 
 
 4) Relation of roads to development of West. 
 
 5) Evils resulting from government policy. 
 
 c. Relations with Western Indians. 683-691. 
 
 1) Grievances of the natives. 
 
 2) Provisions of first treaties with Western tribes. 
 
 3) Indian wars of '60's. (Note tribes and areas involved in each 
 
 and characterize the warfare.) 
 
 4) Commission of 1867-1868; aims and outcome. 
 
 5) Later wars under Sheridan. (Characterize Sheridan's policy, 
 
 and note tribes and areas involved.) 
 
 6) New Indian policy. 
 
 a) Influences which produced change. 
 
 b) Essentials of new policy. 
 
 c) Provisions of Dawes and Burke acts. 
 
 Party politics, 1877-1881. 
 
 a. New issues. Significance. 693. 
 
 b. Parties and factions during administration of Hayes. 693-697. 
 
 1) Independents. Origin, principles, influence. 
 
 2) Republicans. 
 
 a) Character of Hayes; situation in party. 
 
 b) Motives governing choice of cabinet. 
 
 c) Course toward South. 
 
 73 
 
d) Effect of Hayes ' policy on factions in party. 
 3) Democrats. 
 
 a) Investigation of election of 1876. Purpose and results. 
 
 b) Attack on election laws. 
 
 (1) Objectionable features of laws. (Review second 
 enforcement act. 634.) 
 
 (2) Devices used to force repeal. Degree of success. 
 
 c. Campaign of 1880. 701-703. 
 
 1) Leading Republican candidates. (Account for nominations 
 
 made.) 
 
 2) Difficulties of Democrats. Nominations. 
 
 3) Character of campaign and outcome. 
 
 d. Garfield's brief administration. 703-705. 
 
 1) Quarrel with Conkling. 
 
 2) Evidences of need of reform. 
 
 3) Succession of Arthur. 
 
 3. Civil service and ballot reform. 707-712. 
 
 a. Results of "spoils system." (Recall origin.) 
 
 b. Pioneers of reform and their efforts. 
 
 c. Act of 1871: provisions and history. 
 
 d. Efforts of Hayes and obstacles encountered. 
 
 e. Pendleton act, 1883. Reasons for passage; terms. 
 
 f. Later extensions of classified service. (Note what presidents have 
 
 made extensions; to what extent partisanship has 
 led to extension or contraction of the classified service; 
 and the remnants of spoils system outside of classified 
 service. See also 720.) 
 
 g. Ballot reform. 711-712. (Note old way of voting and attendant 
 
 evils, and explain why the "Australian ballot" was 
 a reform. Extent of adoption.) 
 
 4. Tariff in party politics after the war, 1867-1897. 
 
 a. War tariff and problem of reducing war taxes. (Distinguish be- 
 
 tween protective and non-protective duties.) 712-713. 
 
 b. First efforts at tariff reduction, 1867-1875. (Note effect of panic of 
 
 1873.) 713-714. 
 
 c. Revival of movement for tariff reform. 714-715. 
 
 1 ) Relation of tariff to surplus revenue. Use and abuse of surplus. 
 
 2) Significance of Congressional elections of 1882. 
 
 3) Commission of experts, 1882. (Contrast this method with 
 
 earlier ways of revising tariff.) Recommendations 
 made, as compared with act of 1883. 
 
 4) Morrison bill, 1884. Terms. (Note division in Democratic 
 
 party.) 
 
 74 
 
d. Cleveland's attitude on tariff. 716-721. 
 1) Campaign of 1884. 
 
 a) Presidential aspirants in each party. Factors determin- 
 
 ing nominations. 
 
 b) Campaign personalities. 
 
 c) Influence of "Mugwumps" and Catholics. 
 
 2) Cleveland's influence on Democratic party. Opposing ele- 
 
 ments in party. 
 
 3) Tariff made chief issue. 
 
 a) Tariff in Democratic platform of 1884. 
 
 b) Cleveland's insistence on reform. Message of 1887. 
 
 c) Mills bill, 1888. Effect on party. 
 
 e. Triumph of protectionism. 722-728. 
 
 1) First tariff campaign, 1888. 
 
 a) Considerations determining nominations. 
 
 b) Issue. (Note Republican platform.) 
 
 c) Character of campaign and factors governing outcome. 
 
 2) Character and methods of victorious party. 
 
 a) Dominance of machine politicians. 
 
 b) Methods of "Czar" Reed. 
 
 3) Republican policy on tariff and surplus. 
 
 a) McKinley Tariff, 1890. 
 
 (1) Reduction of revenue without sacrifice of protec- 
 tion. (How attained?) 
 
 (2) Reciprocity. 
 
 b) Surplus. (Note expenditures, especially chief features 
 
 of pension system.) 
 
 c) Results of Republican financial policy. 
 
 f. Reaction of sentiment on tariff. 728-729. 
 
 1) Second election of Cleveland. 
 
 2) Wilson-Gorman Act, 1893. (Distinguish between House bill 
 
 and Senate amendments; and account for Cleveland's 
 attitude. Note economic and political results.) 
 
 g. Dingley act, 1897, 729-730. 
 
 1) Character (not details). 
 
 2) Subsidence of tariff agitation. 
 
 Political controversy over the currency, 1873-1896. 
 
 a. Movement for inflation of currency, 1873-1880. 697-701. Causes. 
 
 1) Greenback movement. Platform. Rise and decline of party, 
 
 1876-1884. 
 
 2) Beginning of free silver movement. 
 
 a) History of the silver dollar to 1873. 
 
 b) "Crime of '73." (Note falling prices of commodities. 
 
 667. Popular interpretation.) 
 
 75 
 
c) Causes cf fall in price of silver. Demand for "free coin- 
 age." Bland bill and Allison amendment, 1878. 
 3) Effect of return of prosperity. 699-701. 
 
 a) On free silver movement. 
 
 b) On maintenance of specie payments. 
 
 b. Revival of silver movement. 746-748. 
 
 1) Experience under Bland-Allison Act. Act of 1886. 
 
 2) Free silver bill of 1885 and its failure. 
 
 3) Sherman Silver Purchase Act, 1890. 
 
 a) Causes. 
 
 (1) Contraction of bank circulation. (Note effect of 
 sale of bonds, 1886-1890.) 
 
 (2) Revival of prosperity, 1889-1893. 
 
 (3) Influence of newly admitted states. 
 
 b) History of its passage; provisions. 
 
 <.. Campaign of 1892. 748-753. 
 
 1) Last years of Harrison's administration. 
 
 2) Republican rivalry and nominations. 
 
 3) Democratic rivalry and nominations. 
 
 4) Democrats and silver sentiment. 
 
 5) People's party: history, purpose, nominations. 
 
 6) Issues; campaign; result. 
 
 d. Culmination of free silver crusade. 
 
 1) Cleveland and silver. 753-757. 
 
 a) Character of cabinet appointments. 
 
 b) Panic of 1893. (Determine its causes, foreign and do- 
 
 mestic.) 
 
 c) Repeal of Sherman Silver Purchase Act: cause, terms, 
 
 and effect on West. 
 
 d) Measures to restore confidence. (Note main features.) 
 
 2) Bryan campaign of 1896. 758-763. 
 
 a) Organized agitation of silverites. 
 
 b) Struggle in Democratic convention. 
 
 c) Republican convention and candidates, 
 
 d) Influence of silver issue on other parties. 
 
 e) Character of campaign; issues; outcome. 
 
 f) Significance of political revolt of West. 
 
 6. Industrial combinations. 731-744. 
 
 a. Competition vs. combination. Arguments for and against. 
 
 b. Capitalistic combinations. 
 1) Railroads. 
 
 a) Development of "through" lines. (Note N. Y. Central 
 
 system.) 
 
 b) Evils of competition. (Specify.) 
 
c) Attempts at government regulation. 
 
 (1) "Granger" laws and Wabash decision, 1886. 
 
 (2) Interstate Commerce Commission, 1887. 
 
 (3) Hepburn Rate Act, 1906. 833. 
 2) Manufactures. 
 
 a) Causes of large scale production. 
 
 b) Career of Standard Oil Co. as illustration. 
 
 (1) Methods used against competitors. 
 
 (2) Forms of organization: trust; corporation. 
 
 c) Sherman Anti-trust Act, 1890. 
 
 (1) Public opinion concerning trusts. 
 
 (2) Provisions of act. 
 
 (3) Enforcement. 
 
 d) Federal Trade Commission Act, 1914. 
 3) Banks. 
 
 a) Two chief systems. 
 
 b) Power of concentrated money control. Pujo investigation. 
 
 c) Federal Reserve Act, 1913. 
 
 c. Labor combinations. 
 
 1) Causes and purposes of labor organizations. 
 
 2) Beginnings of labor organization in U. S. 
 
 3) Efforts to unite laborers. 
 
 a) Knights of Labor. (Account for decline.) 
 
 b) Federation of Labor. (Contrast plan of organization with 
 
 that of Knights of Labor.) 
 
 4) Questions raised by the Pullman strike. 
 
 REFERENCES 
 
 Other Texts: 
 
 Elson, 843-889. 
 Fish, 450-482. 
 West, 642-687. 703-724. 
 Wilson, 288-324. 
 
 General Accounts: 
 
 Haworth, Reconstruction and Union, 86-174. 
 
 Paxson, New Nation, 85-256. 
 
 Wilson, History of American People, V, H5-269. 
 
 Topical Readings: 
 
 la,b. Beard, Contemporary American History, 41-49. 
 Sparks, National Development, 251-264. 
 Hart, American History by Contemporaries, IV, 513-51' 
 
 77 
 
lc. Sparks, 265-281; Dewey, National Problems, 3-11. 
 Andrews, U. S. in Our Own Time, 169-194, 739-745. 
 
 2a,b. Sparks, 84-153. 
 
 Andrews, 223, 248. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, History of United States, IV, 1489-1501, 
 
 2c. Andrews, 307-317. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, IV, 1502-1512. 
 
 Sparks, 165-181. 
 
 Stanwood, History of Presidency, I, 394-418. 
 
 2d. Andrews, 317-342. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, IV, 1512-1518. 
 
 Sparks, 182-191. 
 
 Beard, Contemporary American History, 90-97. 
 
 3. Sparks, 191-201, 154-164; Dewey, 21-39. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, IV, 1518-1526, 1692-1700. 
 Beard, American Government and Politics, 222-230. 
 
 4a,b,c. Sparks, 282-304. 
 
 4d. Campaign of 1884. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, IV, 1527-1537, 
 Andrews, 447-480. 
 Sparks, 327-351. 
 Stanwood, I, 419-449. 
 
 Cleveland's influence on party. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, IV, 1537-1557. 
 
 Andrews, 481-507. 
 
 Beard, Contemporary American History, 97-105. 
 
 Peck, Twenty Years of Republic, 49-96, 139-151. 
 
 Tariff made chief issue. 
 Dewey, 57-75. 
 Beard, Contemporary American History, 108-112. 
 
 4e. First tariff campaign (1888) . 
 Dewey, 127-145. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, IV, 1558-1565. 
 Andrews, 547-558. 
 Stanwood, I, 457-485. 
 Peck, 151-165. 
 
 Methods of victorious party. 
 Dewey, 146-161. 
 Peck, 166-179, 193-202. 
 
 78 
 
Republicans on tariff and surplus. 
 Dewey, 174-187. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, IV, 1566-1575. 
 Andrews, 559-565. 
 Peck, 202-215. 
 
 41. Peck, 353-375. 
 
 Beard, Contemporary American History, 124-130. 
 Dewey, 277-287. 
 
 4g. Peck, 518-529. 
 
 5a,b. Beard, Contemporary American History, 117-124. 
 Andrews, 275-279. 
 Hart, IV, 529-536. 
 
 5c. Dewey, 238-251. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, IV, 1593-1599. 
 Andrews, 622-633. 
 Peck, 252-305. 
 Stanwood, I, 486-518. 
 
 5d. Dewey, 220-237, 252-276, 314-328. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, IV, 1600-1605, 1627-1641. 
 
 Andrews, 773-787. 
 
 Beard, Contemporary American History, 164-198. 
 
 Stanwood, I, 519-569. 
 
 Peck, (1893-95) 306-327, 335-319, 389-408. 
 
 Peck, (1896) 445-517. 
 
 6b. Railroads. 
 
 Sparks, 53-67; Dewey, 91-111. 
 Beard, Contemporary American History, 147-152. 
 Manufactures. 
 Peck, 127-139. 
 
 6c. Andrews, 285-306, 717-739. 
 
 Sparks, 68-83; Dewey, 40-56, 288-296. 
 
 Beard, Contemporary American History, 249-253. 
 
 Peck, 375-388. 
 
 79 
 
XVII. ENTRY OF UNITED STATES INTO WORLD POLITICS 
 
 1". The new diplomacy. 
 
 a. Chief objects. 764. 
 
 b. America in the Pacific: 
 
 1) Samoan controversy. 765-766. 
 
 a) Early treaties of Samoa. 
 
 b) Events leading to joint protectorate, 1889. 
 
 c) Partition of islands, 1900. 
 
 2) Fur seal controversy. 767. 
 
 a) Claims of each side. 
 
 b) Decision of arbitration tribunal, 1893. 
 
 3) Annexation of Hawaii. 771-774. 
 
 a) Early history of Hawaii. Treaty of 1876. 
 
 b) Revolution of 1893. 
 
 (1) Causes and accomplishment. 
 
 (2) American connection therewith. 
 
 (3) Harrison's policy. 
 
 (4) Anti-expansion sentiment. Action of Cleveland. 
 
 c) Annexation, 1898. (Note cause.) Form of government, 
 
 1900. 
 
 4) Relations with China. 
 
 a) Question of Chinese immigration. 774-775. 
 
 (1) Burlingame treaty, 1868. (Note cause and evidences 
 of later change of sentiment.) 
 
 (2) New treaty of 1880. Federal exclusion acts. 
 
 b) Integrity of China and the "open door." 822-824. 
 
 (1) European projects vs. Hay's "open door" policy. 
 
 (2) Boxer insurrection. Foreign intervention. 
 
 (3) Hay's diplomacy and results. 
 
 (4) U. S. and Russo-Japanese war. 
 
 5) Relations with Japan. 775-777. 
 
 a) Transformation of Japan. Occidental distrust. 
 
 b) California restrictions. Treaty rights. 
 
 c. Relations with Latin America. 
 
 1) Difficulties with Chile. 768-771. 
 
 a) Chilean revolution. Attitude of U. S. minister. 
 
 b) Further sources of irritation. 
 
 c) Diplomatic settlement. 
 
 2) Venezuelan boundary dispute. 777-781. 
 a) Main facts in history of controversy. 
 
 80 
 
b) Intervention of United States. 
 
 (1) Grounds for interference. 
 
 (2) Negotiations with England. 
 
 (3) Cleveland's message. Outcome. 
 3) The new Monroe Doctrine. 826-827. 
 
 a) The contrast with original doctrine. Reasons for exten- 
 
 sion. 
 
 b) Venezuelan dispute with Germany. 
 
 c) San Domingan episode. 
 
 2. Cuba and the war with Spain. 
 
 a. Cuban situation. 782-787. 
 
 1) Cuban parties. Ten Years ' War. American connection there- 
 
 with. 
 
 2) Concessions of 1878; and Cuban discontent thereafter. 
 
 3) Revolt of 1895. 
 
 a) Causes. Methods of belligerents. 
 
 b) Cleveland's policy. Attitude of Congress. 
 
 c) Failure of Sagasta's concessions. (Why?) 
 
 b. Precipitation of war. 787-790. 
 
 1) Irritating events: de Lome letter; Maine disaster. 
 
 2) McKinley's demands. Spain's response. 
 
 3) Declaration of war. (Account for American feeling.) 
 
 4) Purpose of United States. 
 
 c. Events of Spanish-American war, 1898. 
 
 1) Naval operations. 790-795, 799-801, 804. 
 
 a) Dewey in Philippines. 
 
 b) Operations in West Indian waters. 
 
 2) Land campaigns. 795-799, 801-804. 
 
 a) Siege and surrender of Santiago. 
 
 b) Occupation of Porto Rico. 
 
 c) Methods and conditions of warfare. 
 
 d. Peace negotiations. 805-806. 
 
 1) Preliminaries. 
 
 2) Terms of treaty. (Compare with protocol and account for 
 
 differences.) 
 
 Policy and problems of expansion. 
 
 a. Campaign of 1900; main issue, candidates, outcome. 827. 
 
 b. Relations with Cuban republic. 806-807. 
 
 1) American occupation. Reforms undertaken. 
 
 2) Organization of Cuban government. Piatt amendment. 
 
 3) Reoccupation, 1906-1909. 
 
 81 
 
c. Philippines as an American colony. 809-812. 
 
 1) Pacification of natives. (Note cause of revolt.) 
 
 2) Measures for government of Philippines. (Note successive 
 
 stages.) 
 
 3) Parties and progress under American rule. 
 
 d. Constitutional questions of expansion. 813-814. 
 
 e. Porto Rico as an American colony. 814. 
 
 f. Panama canal. 814-822. 
 
 1) Treaty with Colombia, 1846. 
 
 2) Clayton-Bulwer treaty. (See also 458.) 
 
 3) Development of policy of American-owned canal. 
 
 a) Influence of de Lesseps ' project. 
 
 b) Attitude of Hayes; of Blaine. 
 
 c) Interest in Nicaraguan route, 1884-1898. 
 
 d) Influence of Spanish-American war. 
 
 e) Hay-Pauncefote treaty, 1901. 
 
 4) Difficulties with Colombia. 
 
 a) Decision of Congress as to canal route. 
 
 b) Hay-Herran treaty. Rejection by Colombia. 
 
 c) Panama revolution, 1903. 
 
 (1) Events in Panama. Aid of United States. 
 
 (2) Canal Treaty. 
 
 5) Main features of construction of canal. 
 
 g. Alaskan boundary question. 825-826. 
 
 REFERENCES 
 Other Texts: 
 
 Elson, 889-911. 
 Fish, 483-499. 
 West, 689-702. 
 Wilson, 325-353. 
 
 General Accounts: 
 
 Haworth, Reconstruction and Union, 175-207. 
 
 Paxson, New Nation, 258-274. 
 
 Wilson, History oj American People, V, 269-300. 
 
 Topical Readings: 
 
 la. Beard, Contemporary American History, 199-204. 
 
 lb. Samoan controversy. 
 
 Sparks, National Development, 203-207. 
 Peck, Twenty Years of Republic, 179-190. 
 
 82 
 
Fur seal controversy. 
 
 Dewey, National Problems, 208-214. 
 Peck, 190-193. 
 
 Annexation of Hawaii. 
 Dewey, 297-304. 
 Peck, 243-251, 327-335, 607-608. 
 Andrews, U. S. in Our Own Time, 700-706. 
 
 Chinese immigration. 
 Sparks, 229-250. 
 Andrews, 356-381. 
 Coolidge, U. S. as World Power, 327-340. 
 
 Integrity of China . 
 
 Latane, America as World Power, 100-113. 
 
 Hart, American History by Contemporaries, IV, 616-622. 
 
 Relations with Japan. 
 Latane, 113-119. 
 Coolidge, 341-374. 
 
 lc Difficulties with Chile. 
 Sparks, 214-219. 
 Peck, 227-243. 
 
 Venzuelan boundry dispute. 
 Dewey, 304-313. 
 Peck, 412-436. 
 
 New Monroe Doctrine. 
 Latane, 255-268. 
 Coolidge, 95-120. 
 Hart, IV, 625-628 
 
 2. Latane, 3-81. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, History of U. S., IV, 1641-1665. 
 Beard, 204-218. 
 Andrews, 799-823. 
 Peck, 531-627. 
 Hart, IV, 573-590. 
 
 3a. Latane, 120-132. 
 
 Garner and Lodge, IV, 1665-1682. 
 Andrews, 865-895. 
 Peck, 641-652. 
 Stanwood, II, 1-76. 
 
 3b. Latane, 175-191. 
 Andrews, 823-832. 
 
 83 
 
3c. Andrews, 833-862. 
 
 Latane, 82-99, 153-174. 
 Coolidge, 148-171. 
 
 3d. Dewey, 133-152. 
 Beard, 218-221. 
 
 3f. Sparks, 202-228; Dewey, 117-123; Latane, 204-223. 
 Coolidge, 267-280. 
 
 3g. Latane, 192-203. 
 
 84 
 
XVm. THE PRESENT EPOCH (1901 
 
 1. Roosevelt's presidential career. 
 
 a. Circumstances of accession. 829. 
 
 b. Corporation policy. 829-831. 
 
 1) First message. Reception by Congress. Appeal to people. 
 
 (Contrast Democratic view.) 
 
 2) Settlement of coal strike. 
 
 3) Message of 1903. Concession by Congress. 
 
 c. Election of 1904. Main facts. 832. (Leading issue?) 
 
 d. Further efforts at reform. 832-834. 
 
 1) Arbitration treaties. 
 
 2) Powers of Interstate Commerce Commission enlarged (1906). 
 
 3) Pure food laws. 
 
 4) Regulation of campaign contributions. 
 
 e. Popular opinion of Senate and president. 834. 
 
 2. Administration of Taft. 
 
 a. Presidential election of 1908. 834-837. 
 
 1) Reasons for nomination of Taft. Platform. 
 
 2) Democratic candidate. Other parties. 
 
 3) Campaign and outcome. 
 
 b. Non-controversial measures. 849-851. 
 1; Conservation of natural resources. 
 
 a) Origin of movement under Roosevelt. 
 
 b) Purposes of conservation: forests; irrigation; coal lands. 
 
 2) Sixteenth and seventeenth amendments. 838, 851. 
 
 3) Other important acts. 851. 
 
 c. Controversies. 837-842. 
 
 1) Payne- Aldrich tariff. Effect on party. 
 
 2) Ballinger-Pinchot affair. 
 
 3) Reduction of speaker's power. 
 
 4) Democratic tidal wave of 1910. 840. 
 
 5) Canadian reciprocity. 
 
 6) Democratic tariff program. 
 
 7) Lorimer investigation. 842. 
 
 8) Trust prosecutions. 
 
3. Presidential election of 1912. 843-848. 
 
 a. Split in Republican party. 
 
 1) Insurgent movement. 
 
 2) Victory of regulars in convention. 
 
 3) Formation of Progressive party. 847. 
 
 b. Democratic convention. Triumph of progressive element. 
 
 c. Platforms; campaign; outcome. 
 
 4. Legislative program of the Democrats, 1913-1914. 
 
 a. Democratic party in control of government. 
 
 1) Wilson the man. American Year Bonk (1913), 157. 
 
 2) Makeup of cabinet. A. Y. B. (1913), 157-166. 
 
 3) Large Democratic majority in Congress. A. Y. B. (1913), 
 
 19-22. 
 
 b. Tariff revision. 
 
 1) Wilson's leadership. 
 
 a) Occasion for reviving custom of reading messages. A. Y. 
 
 B. (1913), 28. 
 
 b) Wilson's charges of a tariff lobby. Congressional in- 
 
 vestigation. A. Y. B. (1913), 25-26; A. Y. B. (191 U), 6. 
 
 2) Underwood Tariff Act, 1913. Main features. A. Y. B. 
 
 (1913), 349-354, 28-38. 
 
 a) Revenue duties. Extensive free list. 
 
 b) Competitive tariff rates. 
 
 c) Income tax (to make up loss of revenue). 
 
 c. Reform of banking and currency system. A. Y. B. (1913), 365- 
 
 367, 38-53. 
 
 1) Defects of old system. 
 
 2) Federal Reserve Act, 1913. Main features. (Compare with 
 
 old system. ) 
 
 d. Trust regulation. Chief features. A. Y. B. (1911,), 7-18, 338-339. 
 
 1) Federal Trade Commission Act, 1914. 
 
 2) Clayton Anti-Trust Act, 1914. 
 
 e. Minor measures. 
 
 1) Abolition of Commerce Court, 1913. A. Y. B. (1913), 24. 
 
 2) Repeal of Panama Canal Tolls Act, 1914. A. Y. B. (1913), 
 
 84-86; A. Y. B. (1911,), 24-26, 78-79. 
 
 5. Foreign affairs under Wilson, 1913-1917. 
 
 a. Caribbean interests of United States. A. Y. B. (1913), 89-92; 
 A. Y. B. (1911,), 79-80; A. Y. B..(1915), 119-120; 
 A. Y. B. (1916), 85-88. 
 
 86 
 
1) General principles of the "Wilson Doctrine": non-extension 
 
 of United States territory; non-recognition of purely- 
 revolutionary governments; discouragement of foreign 
 concessions; policy of establishing protectorates; su- 
 pervision of finances; pre-emption of all canal routes; 
 securing of strategic points to protect Panama Canal 
 from foreign attack. 
 
 2) Examples of application of these principles. 
 
 b. Relations with Mexico. 
 
 1) Madero's revolution against Diaz. Huerta's counter-rev- 
 
 olution. Civil dissensions. A. Y. B. (1913), 123- 
 125;A. Y. B. (1911), 27, 115-117. 
 
 2) Policy of United States government. 
 
 a) Non-recognition and "watchful waiting." A. Y. B. (1913), 
 
 92-94; A. Y. B. (191b), 27-31. 
 
 b) Tampico incident. American occupation of Vera Cruz. 
 
 A. Y.B\(191U), 31-37. 
 
 c) Mediation of "A. B. C 'countries, 1914. A. Y. B.(191b), 
 
 72-76. 
 
 3) Overthrow of Huerta. Struggle of Carranza and Villa 
 
 for dominance. A. Y. B. (1915), 130-131; A. Y. 
 
 B. (1916), 112-114. 
 
 4) Later policy of United States. 
 
 a) Pan-American conference. Recognition of Carranza, 
 
 1915. A. Y. B. (1915), 115-119. 
 
 b) Villa's raid, 1916. American punitive expedition. A. Y.B. 
 
 (1916), 79-85, 312-315. 
 
 c) Later developments. 
 
 c. United States and the Great War in Europe. 
 
 1) Opening of the war, August 1914. A. Y. B. (191b), 81-100. 
 
 2) First measures of the United States. A. Y. B. (191b), 40-44. 
 
 a) Proclamation of neutrality. 
 
 b) Relief of American tourists. 
 
 c) American representation of belligerent powers. 
 
 d) Passage of War Revenue Act. 
 
 3) American efforts to defend neutral rights. 
 
 a) Controversy with Great Britain over contraband, block- 
 
 ade, and other interferences with trade. A. Y. 
 B. (191b), 100-105; A. Y. B. (1915), 1-32; A. 
 y. B. (1916), 64-76. 
 
 b) Controversy with Germany over conduct of submarine 
 
 warfare. A. Y.B. (1915), 33-58; A. Y.B. (1916), 
 55-64. 
 (1) Establishment of German war zone. Sinking of 
 Lusitania and other vessels. 
 
 87 
 
(2) Wilson's policy of diplomatic pressure. Its appar- 
 ent success. (Note particularly the Sussex corre- 
 spondence, April-May, 1916.) 
 
 4) Domestic problems of neutrality. 
 
 a) Internment of German vessels. A. Y. B. (1915), 59-61. 
 
 b) Pro-German propaganda and plots. A. Y. B. (1915), 
 
 58-69; A. Y.B. (1916), 22-24. 
 
 c) Movement for military "preparedness." 
 
 (1) Early phases. A. Y. B. (191 U), 45-46. 
 
 (2) Wilson's "preparedness" message, December, 1915. 
 His appeal to the country. A. Y. B. (1915), 72-73. 
 
 (3) Reorganization of army and national guard, and other 
 measures for national defense, April, 1916. A. Y. B. 
 (1916), 2-5, 16-18, 301-306. 
 
 d) Shipping Act. A. Y. B. (1915), 69-71; A. Y. B. (1916), 
 
 8-9, 522-523. 
 
 5) Business prosperity and high cost of living in United States. 
 
 A. Y. B. (191 U), 318-319, 323-324, 334; A. Y. B. (1915), 
 325-342; A. Y.B. (1916), 321-342, 443; A. Y.B. (1917), 
 318; A. Y.B. (1918), 374. 
 
 d. America's efforts in behalf of international peace. 
 
 1) Bryan's peace treaties (prior to European war). A. Y. B. (1913) 
 
 113-114. 
 
 2) Formation and activities of unofficial peace societies, such as 
 
 League to Enforce Peace society. A. Y. B. (1915), 
 120-122; A. Y. B. (1916), 103-105. 
 
 3) Wilson's advocacy of the League of Nations idea in public ad- 
 
 dresses (1916-1917), A. Y. B. (1916), 15-16; A. Y. B. 
 (1917), 36-37. 
 
 6. Party politics and development in Wilson's first administration. 
 
 a. Rehabilitation of Democratic party. Effect of Wilson's leader- 
 
 ship in liberalizing and solidifying the party. A. Y . 
 
 B. (1913), 58-60; A. Y. B. (1911,), 47; A. Y. B. (1916), 
 1-2. 
 
 b. Efforts to effect reunion of Republicans and Progressives. 
 
 1) Early efforts. A. Y. B. (1913), 60-67. 
 
 2) Adoption of new apportionment plan for Republican conven- 
 
 tion. A. y. B. (191 U), 55. 
 
 c. Congressional election of 1914: reduction of Democratic majority; 
 
 Republican gains; decline of Progressive vote, A. Y. 
 B. (1911,), 51-55. 
 
 d. Social and economic legislation in latter half of Wilson's first term. 
 1) Seamen's Welfare Act, 1915. A. Y. B. (1913), 23; A. Y. B. 
 
 (1915), 72, 524-525. 
 
2) Rural Credits Act, 1916. A. Y. B. (1916), 363, 452-453. 
 
 3) Employees' Compensation Act, 1916. A. Y. B. (1916), 448. 
 
 4) Establishment of tariff commission. A. Y. B, (1916), 6-7, 35 2 
 
 5) Child Labor Act, 1916. A. Y. B. (1916), 10. 
 
 6) Threatened railway strike, and Adamson Eight Hour Law, 
 
 1916. A. Y. B. (1916), 18-20, 434-435, 548-549. 
 
 7) Restriction of immigration by literary test. A. Y. B. (1917), 
 
 397-399. 
 
 e. Presidential election of 1916. A. Y. B. (1916); 24-47. 
 
 1) Republican and Progressive party conventions. Roosevelt's 
 
 role. Platforms and candidates. 
 
 2) Democratic nominations and platform. 
 
 3) Campaign issues. Importance of independent vote. Re- 
 
 election of Wilson. 
 
 7. America's entry into the Great War, 1917-1919. 
 
 a. Formal entry of United States into the war. 
 
 1) Summary of causes. A. Y. B. (1917), 19-26, 40. 
 
 2) Severance of diplomatic relations, Feb. 3, 1917. A. Y.B. (1917), 
 
 37-40. Period of armed neutrality/ A. Y. B. (1917), 
 43-44. 
 
 3) Declaration of state of war with Germany, April 6, 1917. A. 
 
 Y.B. (1917), 10-11,45-46. 
 
 4) Declaration of state of war with Austria-Hungary, December 7, 
 
 1917. A. Y. B. (1917), 18, 47-48. 
 
 5) Latin American support of United States. A. Y. B. (1917), 
 
 75; A. Y.B. (1918), 122. 
 
 b. Chief aspects of American participation in the war. 
 
 1) Mobilization of armed forces. 
 
 a) Selective draft legislation and results. A. Y. B. (1917), 
 
 11-12; A. Y. B. (1918), 12, 330-331. 
 
 b) Organization and training of the new army. A. Y. B. 
 
 (1917), 285-291; A. Y. B. (1918), 3-6, 12-13, 330-338. 
 
 c) Expansion of the navy. A. Y. B. (1918), 13-14, 343-346. 
 
 2) Economic mobilization. 
 
 a) War revenue legislation. Loans to Allied powers. Liberty 
 
 Loans. War Finance Corporation Act. A. Y. B. 
 (1917), 14-17, 328-333; A. Y. B. (1918), 9-10, 14-16, 
 21-22, 44-46, 382-386. 
 
 b) Activities of Council of National Defense. A. Y. B. (1918), 
 
 38-41, 232. Creation of special scientific boards. 
 
 A. y. B. (1918), 41-42, 46-52, 56-57. 
 
 c) Food conservation and food production. U. S. Food Ad- 
 
 ministration. A. y. B. (1917), 13-14, 435-443; A. Y. 
 
 B. (1918), 67-71, 477-486. 
 
 89 
 
d) Federal fuel control. A. 7. B. (1917), 26-30; A. 7. B. 
 
 (1918), 71-74. 
 
 e) Federal regulation of prices. A. Y. B. (1917), 319-320; 
 
 A. Y. B. 375-376. 
 
 f) Federal operation of railroads. A. 7. B. (1917), 26; A. 
 
 A. Y. B. (1918), 6-8, 57-59, 364-367. 
 
 g) Ship building program. A. Y. B. (191 7), 565-567; A. Y. B. 
 
 (1918), 20, 52-55. 
 h) Measures for aircraft production. A. Y. B. (1917), 17, 
 
 549-553; A. 7. B. (1918), 75-78. 
 i) Federal control of telegraphs, telephones and cables. A. 
 
 7. B. (1918), 8-9, 22-23, 59-60. 
 
 3) Armed operations overseas. 1917-1918. 
 
 a) Arrival of first troops in Europe, June, 1917. Initial en- 
 
 gagements, 1917. A. Y. B. (1917), 141-142. 
 
 b) Significance of collapse of Russia, March, 1918. New 
 
 German offensives, March-July, 1918. A. Y. B. 
 (1918), 82-86, 166-167. 
 
 c) Unification of Allied and American command, March, 1918. 
 
 Foch's great counter-offensive and American partici- 
 pation therein (July-November). A. 7. B. (1918), 
 167-169, 338-342. 
 
 d) American naval operations. A. 7. B. (1918), 346-353. 
 
 c. The making of peace. 
 
 1) Wilson's definitions of peace terms, particularly his "Fourteen 
 
 Points" of January, 1918. A. 7. B. (1918), 105-110. 
 
 2) Collapse of Central Powers. Peaceful German revolution. 
 
 Terms of armistice, November 11, 1918. A. 7. B. 
 (1918), 110-121. 
 
 3) Paris negotiations, 1919. League of Nations and peace treaties. 
 
 d. Politics and public opinion in United States during the war. 
 
 1) Bi-partisan support of war. Continuance of executive domina- 
 
 tion. A. 7. B. (1917), 9-10, 30-31; A. 7. B. (1918), 
 1-3, 24-25. 
 
 2) Labor and the war. A. 7. B. (1917), 33-34, 412-416; A. 7. B. 
 
 (1918), 55-56, 60-67, 451-457. 
 
 3) Anti-war course of Socialist party. A. 7. B. (1917), 31-32, 
 
 395-396; A. 7. B. (1918), 444-445. 
 
 4) Committee on Public Information and its activities. A. 7. B. 
 
 (1918), 42-43. 
 
 5) Espionage and Sedition Acts (1917-1918) and their enforcement. 
 
 A. 7. B. (1917), 12-13; A. 7. B. (1918), 10-11, 23-24, 
 74-75. 
 
 6) Republican criticism of conduct of war. Republican successes, 
 
 1918. A. 7. B. (1918), 25-38. 
 
 90 
 
7) Popular support of war relief societies. A. Y. B. (1917), 407- 
 
 409, 693-694; A. Y. B. (1918), 420-426, 435-437, 741- 
 745. 
 
 8) New amendments to federal Constitution. 
 
 a) Measures for war-time prohibition. Adoption of Eigh- 
 
 teenth Amendment for national prohibition, 1919. 
 A. Y. B. (1918), 16-18, 442-443. 
 
 b) Passage of Nineteenth Amendment for equal suffrage, 191 9 
 
 A. Y. B. (1918), 18-20. 
 
 REFERENCES 
 
 Other Texts: 
 
 Fish, 500-535 (to 1912). 
 West, 724-748 (to 1912). 
 Wilson, 353-357 (to 1909). 
 
 General Accounts: 
 
 Haworth, Reconstruction and Union, 207-245. 
 Paxson, New Nation, 276-342. 
 
 Topical Readings: 
 
 la. Peck, Twenty Years of Republic, 652-682. 
 
 lb. Garner and Lodge, History of U. S., IV, 1683-1691. 
 Andrews, U. S. in Our Own Time, 897-930. 
 Beard, Contemporary American History, 254-264. 
 Peck, 682-705. 
 
 lc Garner and Lodge, IV, 1701-1715. 
 
 Latane, U. S. as World Power, 224-241. 
 
 Beard, 264-271. 
 
 Peck, 706-716. 
 
 Stanwood, History of Presidency, II, 77-140. 
 
 Id. Garner and Lodge, IV, 1715-1727. 
 Beard, 271-282. 
 
 2a. 
 
 Stanwood, II, 141-213. 
 
 Beard, 317-321. 
 
 Ogg, National Progress, 1-18. 
 
 2b. 
 
 Beard, 321-331. 
 Ogg, 96-115. 
 
 2c. 
 3. 
 
 Beard, 331-343. 
 
 Ogg, 19-39. 
 
 Beard, 344-381. 
 
 American Year Book (1912), 1-44. 
 
 Ogg, 167-208. 
 
 4. 
 
 Ogg, 209-245. 
 
 5a. 
 
 Ogg, 246-283. 
 
 5b. 
 
 Ogg, 284-304. 
 
 5c. 
 
 Ogg, 325-343. 
 
 6. 
 
 Ogg, 344-383. 
 
 7. 
 
 Ogg, 384-399. 
 
 91 
 
For events since 1916, see such weekly periodicals as the Independent , Literary Digest, Nation 
 New Republic and Outlook; such monthly periodicals as Current Opinion and the Review of Reviews; 
 and the volumes of the American Year Book. Current History, published by the New York Times 
 Company, is especially valuable for the period of the Great War, for the reprints of official docu- 
 ments as well as general articles. The Historical Outlook, published by the McKinley Publishing 
 Company, Philadelphia, has devoted its columns largely to war problems, as related to the teaching 
 of history, for the past two or three years. For the Great War, the publications of the Committee 
 on Public Information should be obtained. Among the many books dealing with phases of the 
 war the following are of especial value to the college student of American History: 
 
 Gauss, Christian, Why We Went to War, Scribner, 1918. $1.50. 
 
 Latane, John H., From Isolation to Leadership. Doubleday, Page & Co., 1918. $1.00. 
 
 McMaster, John B., The United States in the World War. Appleton, 1918. $3.00. 
 
 Speare & Norris, World War Issues and Ideals. (A collection of selections.) Ginn, 1918. $1.40. 
 
 92 
 
LIST OF BOOKS CITED 
 (Names of publishers are abbreviated.) 
 
 Adams, C. F., Studies Military and Diplomatic, 1775-1865. Macmillan, 1911. 
 $2.50. 
 
 Adams, H., History of the United States. 9 vols. Scribner, 1889-1891. $18.00. 
 
 American Year Book. Appleton, annually, 1910-. $3.50 and $3.00. 
 
 Andrews, C. M., The Colonial Period (Home University Library). Holt, 
 1912. $.50. 
 
 Andrews, C. M., Colonial Self -Government, 1652-1689 (Amer. Nation). Har- 
 per, 1904. $2.00. 
 
 Andrews, E. B., The United States in Our Own Time. Scribner, 1903. $5.00. 
 
 Babcock, K. C, The Rise of American Nationality, 1811-1819 (Amer. Nation). 
 Harper, 1906. $2.00. 
 
 Bartholomew, J. G., A Literary and Historical Atlas of America (Every- 
 man's Library). Dutton. $.40. 
 
 Bassett, J. S., The Federalist System, 1789-1801 (Amer. Nation). Harper, 1906. 
 $2.00. 
 
 Bassett, J. S., A Short History of the United States. Macmillan, 1914. $2.50. 
 
 Beard, C. A., American Government and Politics. Macmillan, 1914. $2.10. 
 
 Beard, C. A., Contemporary American History. Macmillan, 1914. $1.50. 
 
 Becker, C. L., Beginnings of the American People (Riverside History of the 
 United States). Houghton, 1915. $1.25. 
 
 Bourne, E. G., Spain in America, 1450-1580 (Amer. Nation). Harper, 1904. 
 $2.00. 
 
 Brown, M. S., ed., Epoch-making Papers in United States History. Macmillan. 
 
 1912. <% $.25. 
 
 Brown, W. G., The Lower South in American History. Macmillan, 1902. $1.50. 
 
 Burgess, J. W., The Civil War and the Constitution (Amer. History Series). 
 2 vols. Scribner, 1901. $2.00. 
 
 Burgess, J. W., The Middle Period (Amer. History Series). Scribner, 1897. 
 $1.00. 
 
 Burgess, J. W., Reconstruction and the Constitution (Amer. History Series). 
 Scribner, 1902. $1.00. 
 
 Chadwick, F. E., Causes of the Civil War, 1859-1861 (Amer. Nation). Har- 
 per, 1906. $2.00. 
 
 Channing, E. ( History of the United States. 3 vols, (in progress). Macmillan, 
 1905-. $2.50 each. 
 
 Channing, E., The Jeffersonian System, 1801-1811 (Amer. Nation). Harper, 
 
 1906. $2.00. 
 
 Coolidge, A. C., United States as a World Power. Macmillan, 1909. $2.00. 
 Dewey, D. R., National Problems, 1885-1897 (Amer. Nation). Harper, 
 
 1907. $2.00. 
 
 Dodd, W. E., Expansion and Conflict (Riverside History of United States). 
 
 Houghton, 1915. $1.25. 
 Dunning, W. A., Reconstruction Political and Economic, 1865-1877 (Amer. 
 
 Nation). Harper, 1907. $2.00. 
 Elson, H. W., History of the United States of America. Macmillan, 1905. 
 
 $1.75. 
 Fish, C. R., The Development of American Nationality. American Book Co., 
 
 1913. $2.25. 
 
 Fisher, G. P., The Colonial Era (Amer. History Series). Scribner, 1892. 
 
 $1.00. 
 Fisher, S. G., The Struggle for American Independence. 2 vols. Lippin- 
 
 cott, 1908. $4.00. 
 Fiske, J., The American Revolution. 2 vols. Houghton, 1901. $1.80 each. 
 Fiske, J., The Beginnings of New England. Houghton, 1889. $1.80. 
 
 93 
 
Fiske, J., The Critical Period of American History, 1783-1789. Houghton, 
 
 1888. $1.80. 
 Fiske, J., The Discovery of America. 2 vols. Houghton, 1892. $1.80 each. 
 Fiske, J., The Dutch and Quaker Colonies in America. 2 vols. Houghton, 
 
 1899. $1.80 each. 
 Fiske, J., Essays Historical and Literary. 2 vols. Macmillan, 1907. $3.00. 
 Fiske, J., New France and New England. Houghton, 1902. $1.80. 
 Fiske, J., Old Virginia and her Neighbours. 2 vols. Houghton, 1897. $1.80 
 
 each. 
 Ford, P. L., The True George Washington. Lippincott, 1909. $2.00. 
 Foster, J. W., A Century of American Diplomacy. Houghton, 1902. $3.00. 
 Garner, J. W., and Lodge, H. C, The History of the United States. 4 vols. 
 
 Morris, 1906. $16.00. 
 Garrison, G. P., Westward Extension (Amer. Nation). Harper, 1906. $2.00. 
 Gordy, J. P., Political History of the United States (second edition). 2 vols. 
 
 Holt, 1908. $1.75 each. 
 Greene. E. B., Provincial America, 1690-1740 (Amer. Nation). Harper, 
 
 1905. $2.00. 
 
 Hapgood, N., George Washington. Macmillan, 1901. $1.75. 
 
 Hart, A. B., American History Told by Contemporaries. 4 vols. Macmillan, 
 
 1898-1901. $2.00 each. 
 Hart, A. B., Formation of the Union (Epochs of Amer. History). Longmans, 
 
 1910. $1.25. 
 Hart, A. B., Slavery and Abolition, 1831-1841 (Amer. Nation). Harper, 
 
 1906. $2.00. 
 
 Haworth, P. L., Reconstruction and Union, 1865-1912 (Home University 
 
 Library). Holt, 1912. $.50. 
 Hinsdale, B. A., The Old Northwest. Silver, Burdett, 1899. $1.75. 
 Hoist, H. E. von, The Constitutional and Political History of the United States. 
 
 8 vols. Callaghan, 1877-1892. $12.00. 
 Hosmer, J. K., The Appeal to Arms, 1861-1863 (Amer. Nation). Harper, 
 
 1907. $2.00. 
 
 Hosmer, J. K., Outcome of the Civil War, 1863-1865 (Amer. Nation). Harper, 
 
 1907. $2.00. 
 Howard, G. E., Preliminaries of the Revolution, 1763-1775 (Amer. Nation). 
 
 Harper, 1905. $2.00. 
 Johnson, A., Union and Democracy (Riverside History of the United States). 
 
 Houghton, 1915. $1.25. 
 Latane, J. H., America as a World Power, 1897-1907 (Amer. Nation). Harper, 
 
 1907. $2.00. 
 Lecky, W. E. H., The American Revolution, 1763-1783 (arranged by J. A. 
 
 Woodburn). Appleton, 1898. $1.25. 
 Lodge, H. C, Historical and Political Essays. Houghton, 1898. $1.25. 
 MacDonald, W., From Jefferson to Lincoln (Home University Library). Holt, 
 
 1913. $.50. 
 MacDonald, W., Jacksonian Democracy (Amer. Nation). Harper, 1906. $2.00. 
 McLaughlin, A. C., The Confederation and the Constitution, 1783-1789 (Amer. 
 
 Nation). Harper, 1905. $2.00. 
 Merriam, C. E., A History of American Political Theories. Macmillan, 1903. 
 
 $1.50. 
 Oberholtzer, E. P., Robert Morris, Patriot and Financier. Macmillan, 1903. 
 
 $3.00. 
 Paxson, F. L., The Civil War (Home University Library). Holt, 1911. $.50. 
 Paxson, F. L., The New Nation (Riverside History of United States). Hough- 
 ton, 1915. $1.25. 
 Peck, H. T., Twenty Years of the Republic. Dodd, 1913. $2.50. 
 Rhodes, J. F., Lectures on the American Civil War. Macmillan, 1913. $1.50. 
 Roosevelt, T., The Winning of the West. 4 vols. Putnam, 1889-1896. $10.00. 
 Sloane, W. M., The French War and the Revolution (Amer. History Series). 
 
 Scribner, 1893. $1.00. 
 
 94 
 
Smith, T. C, Parties and Slavery, 1850-1859 (Amer. Nation). Harper, 1906. 
 
 $2.00. 
 Smith, T. C, The Wars between England and America (Home University 
 
 Library). Holt, 1914. $.50. 
 Sparks, E. E., National Development, 1877-1885 (Amer. Nation). Harper, 
 
 1907. $2.00. 
 Stanwood, E., A History of the Presidency. 2 vols. Houghton, 1898-1912. 
 
 $2.25 and $1.75. 
 Sumner, W. G., Alexander Hamilton. Dodd, 1890. $1.00. 
 Thwaites, R. G., The Colonies, 1492-1750 (Epochs of American History). 
 
 Longmans, 1910. $1.25. 
 Thwaites, R. G., France in America, 1492-1763 (Amer. Nation). Harper, 
 
 1905. $2.00. 
 Trent, W. P., Southern Statesmen of the Old Regime. Crowell, 1897. $2.00. 
 Turner, F. J., Rise of the New West, 1819-1829 (Amer. Nation). Harper, 1906. 
 
 $2.00. 
 Tyler, L. G., England in America, 1580-1652 (Amer. Nation). Harper, 
 
 1904. $2.00. 
 Tyler, M. C., Literary History of the American Revolution. 2 vols. Putnam, 
 
 1897-1898. $3.00. 
 Van Tyne, C. H., The American Revolution, 1776-1783 (Amer. Nation). Har- 
 per, 1905. $1.80. 
 Walker, F. A., The Making of a Nation, 1783-1817 (Amer. History Series). 
 
 Scribner, 1895. $1.00. 
 West, W. M., American History and Government. Allyn & Bacon, 1913. $2.50. 
 Wilson, W., Division and Reunion (Epochs of American History). Longmans, 
 
 1909. $1.25. 
 Wilson, W., A History of the American People. 5 vols. Harper, 1902. $12.50. 
 Woodburn, J. A., Political Parties and Party Problems in the United States. 
 
 Putnam, 1903. $2.50. 
 
 Addendum: 
 Ogg, F. A., National Progress, 1907-1917 (Amer. Nation). Harper, 1918. $2 
 
 95 
 
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