ill ! W o o ^\a V'^V- ^;- Va ■ V- A N / y . A. '>* V ^o^ A x *, ■>*>% ■£• o cr V A Ab S" N A : ^> PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL UNIT IN THE GREAT WAR ^ H a CO 08 HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL UNIT (BASE HOSPITAL No. 10, U. S. A.) IN THE GREAT WAR I am a soldier and now bound to France. King John : I. I. Then did Sir Knight abandon dwelling And out he rode a coloneling. Butler's "Hudibras." lrXoov»\ *V" PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 5$ with it which was used for concerts and dramatic performances. Near the Hospital was a golf links which had once flourished in connection with the hotel, and at Lady Murray's were some tennis courts. The Tommies had constructed a cricket crease on which they pursued their national game, and it was not long after their arrival before the Americans had made a baseball diamond on which they likewise could indulge in their national pastime. Football was also provided for when the season arrived. On their first Thanksgiving Day the Americans arranged a game among themselves and the comments on its roughness by the Tommies among the excited spectators were very interesting. Upon its arrival the Unit received the most courteous and kindly welcome from the British officers who were in charge of the Hospital. It was learned subsequently that our assignment to this particular hospital had been the cause of much quite natural chagrin to our British confreres, as it was regarded as a particularly interesting and pleasant place, and it was hard on those who had borne the burden and heat of the day to be replaced by a group of Americans who had hitherto undergone no hardships, nor even proven their ability for the work to be done. The British authorities un- doubtedly tried to do the best in their power to acknowl- edge the assistance they were beginning to receive from the United States and those who were fortunate §6 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 enough to be associated with them at an early period must ever feel a sense of gratitude not only to the higher authorities, but also to officers of rank more nearly corresponding with our own, for the kindliness that was so generally shown to the newcomers when they were commencing their association with the grim realities of war. GETTING SETTLED AT LE TREPORT For some days after our arrival we were all kept busy learning the nature of the work which lay before us and familiarizing ourselves with what would be our future duties. The British officers gradually departed and in a few weeks the Unit was in entire charge of the Hos- pital. There only remained a British officer as registrar, a British quartermaster, and a British Church of England chaplain, with the occasional addition of a non-conformist padre. The ambulance service for the entire area was con- ducted by the Women's Motor Ambulance Convoy No. 10. There were about thirty-five or forty ambulances all cared for, as well as driven, by women, and most splendidly they did their work. They were a fine lot of healthy, strong young women, who were quartered in the huge garage in which the cars were kept, near the Trianon Hotel. The patients practically all arrived or left the hospitals in the area by train from the station in Le Treport. The hospital which was to receive a con- Distributing; a convov of surgical cases to the wards. Major Newlin distributing a convoy of medical cases at British General Hospital, No. 16, B. E. F. PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 si voy would be notified a few hours ahead of the time it might be expected to arrive. The ambulances would be sent to the station and there they would remain some- times for hours before the train, after some unex- pected delay, arrived. The patients would be loaded in the motors and driven up the long steep road to the hospitals, unloaded, and the ambulance sent back for more. Convoys always seemed by preference to get in in the middle of the night or just before dawn, and it took hours from the time these women were called and started out until they could return to their quarters, often to be immediately recalled, possibly for another convoy or some other emergency service. Always willing, cheerful, and obliging, never driving fast or carelessly, so as to spare the patient every unnecessary jolt, they won the universal admiration of everyone who saw them at their daily task. It was in this work that our enlisted men also showed the mettle they were made of. Few of them had ever come in contact with sickness and suffering on a large scale before. We had but two or three who had ever had the slightest experience in hospital work. There were among them college students, clerks, chauffeurs, mechanics, draughtsmen, and some older men who had enlisted through their eagerness to get into active service, and a fear that their age might militate against their acceptance for enlistment in a combatant unit. When the arrival of a convoy was signalled a station 58 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 party would be sent to the station to transfer patients from the train to the ambulances. Other groups of the men would be stationed on the receiving platforms of the medical and surgical divisions to unload the ambu- lances on their arrival. Another group would be sent to the Admission and Discharge Hut to receive the walk- ing patients, make out their cards, and take them to the wards to which they were assigned. With incredible adaptability in a few days, these men became familiar with their work and no light or easy work it was. The ambulances would be loaded and unloaded with the minimum of suffering to the patients, and the latter, often in extremis or in desperate suffering, conveyed to a cot, and placed at rest without discomfort or pain. The accomplishment of this work required many hours of hard physical labor, often in cold wet weather, fre- quently at night, but not a man would flag in his energy till every patient had received all the required attention. The reverse process of loading a convoy to leave the Hospital was equally hard physical work, but the labor was greatly lightened by the pathetic joy with which patients hailed the chance to get to "Blighty." Few of us could have realized the full significance of homesickness until we had the opportu- nity to see the eagerness with which the wounded British soldier longed for the decision that his wound was so serious that he would be sent to Blighty. The sympathy the men showed to one another was nowise The Incinerators. The disinfecting plant. Private Albert O. Johnson, Jr., Sergt. ist Class Chas. W. Kendall, Jr., Corp. Harry B. Thompson. PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 59 better indicated than when they showed their joy to one of their number on his approaching departure for Blighty, or in their attempts to console those who were not so fortunate, although their hopes might have been excited by the reception of a severe wound. ENGLISH AND CANADIAN OFFICERS With many English and Canadian officers the rela- tions of the Unit became very close. It is impossible to name all those to whose friendly offices we were in- debted for much kindness, not only official but social, in the long course of our stay; but to a few we owe a debt of gratitude which it is a great pleasure to acknowl- edge. Colonel Frank W. Begbie, who welcomed us officially at Liverpool and from thence escorted us to London, watched over our welfare there during our brief stay, and then accompanied us to Southampton, subse- quently came to Le Treport as commandant of the Hospital area. His tall figure and kindly face dwell in our memory, along with his uniform courtesy and the pains which he ever took to help us in the perform- ance of our duties. Colonel Hugh Champneys Thurston was in command of British General Hospital No. 16 when we first arrived, and it was under his immediate supervision that the transference of the Hospital took place and we assumed charge of the hospital. Nothing could exceed the tact 6o PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 and good-will with which he conducted this delicate procedure, rendered the more so by his necessary ignorance of the qualifications which the Unit collec- tively and individually possessed to assume the task. That the exchange took place smoothly, without the least friction, and with absolutely no interference with the routine work of such a large and active hospital, was largely attributable to his ability and kindliness. Colonel H. D. Rowan, who was in command of No. 47 British Hospital, later became A. D. M. S. of the area and his relations with the Unit were most pleasant. A tall, spare man, as he walked around the area in- specting the hospitals under his charge, and giving kindly greetings to the American officers whom he met, we soon got to know him well and to esteem him among those whom we were proud to call our friends. He was succeeded as Assistant Director Medical Service by our friend, Colonel Begbie. A report by Colonel Rowan of his inspection of the Hospital on December 2, 191 7, is appended, as showing his opinion of the Hospital on that date. (See p. 214.) As we were serving with the British Expeditionary Force and entirely attached to it, the district in which we were was controlled by British medical authorities and the consultants attached to the area were all British officers. The British surgical consultant at the time of our arrival was Colonel Francis Mitchell Caird, of Edin- PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 61 burgh, one of the most eminent surgeons and teachers of that center of surgical renown. A former pupil of Lister's, now as then eager to grasp every addition to surgical knowledge or technique, he watched our own surgeons when they began their work with critical but friendly eyes and was prompt to acknowledge their fitness for the task they had undertaken. Some of our staff had had the pleasure of enjoying his hospitality at an international meeting of surgeons in Edinburgh in pre-war days. With them he was glad to resume his acquaintance and very soon we all learned to admire and love him. His sound counsels aided our work, his stories and songs added pleasure to every gathering at which he was present, and his departure was uni- versally regretted. Colonel Caird's successor as surgical consultant for the area was Colonel William Thorburn, of Manchester, a very able surgeon and a gentleman who was well quali- fied in every way to maintain the traditional relations established by his predecessor between the surgical consultant and the Unit. Ever ready when called upon for advice and never obtrusive in offering it, he was a good friend to those of us who were brought into official contact with him. The British medical consultant for the area was Colonel Pasteur, to whom those serving in the medical division of the Hospital feel was largely owing their successful management of the great task confided to 62 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 their care. The Contagious Division was a most im- portant responsibility, as it received from the entire area all patients suffering from contagious disease. These cases included measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria, Vincent's angina, mumps, etc., and their proper isola- tion not only from others but from one another was a matter of great difficulty. Colonel Pasteur was ever ready to aid wherever he could be of service, and his willingness and skill elicited the hearty appreciation of all those who had the opportunity of availing themselves of them. DISTINGUISHED VISITORS From time to time the Hospital was visited officially by the chief authorities of the British Expeditionary Force, and their universally friendly words of encourage- ment and approval were a great stimulus to our efforts to "carry-on." Among such distinguished visitors may be mentioned Lieutenant General Sir Arthur Sloggett, a splendid type of Englishman, who had been awarded the Vic- toria Cross for an act of bravery during the war in the Soudan, and to whose administrative ability much of the success of the British medical establishment in France was due. Major General Sir Anthony Bowlby inspected the Hospital on a number of occasions. The author of several widely known textbooks on surgical subjects, A corner of the kitchen. PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 63 his great skill and practical ability was of invaluable service particularly in placing the surgical service in the advanced areas on an efficient working basis. Major General Sir George Meakins, the distinguished President of the College of Physicians of London, in- spected the medical division on more than one occasion. The Unit was honored by the unofficial visits of many persons of prominence. Among these were Cardinal Bourne, the primate of the Roman Catholic Church in England, and Bishops Israels and McCormick, of the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States. Mr. E. H. Sothern and Mr. and Mrs. Winthrop Ames stopped in one afternoon and drank tea. They were on a tour for the purpose of establishing a system of dramatic entertainments for the amusement of the A. E. F. Sir Thomas Myles, the distinguished Dublin surgeon, visited his old friend Colonel Harte, in company with General Sir Robert Jones, Sir Berkley Moynihan and Dr. Stiles, of Edinburgh. Brigadier General W. W. Atterbury, of the A. E. F. drove in for luncheon on one occasion, as did also Colonel H. C. Booz, another Pennsylvania Railroad man, who was among the engineers from that great organiza- tion whose labors in establishing a transportation system for the A. E. F. made so great an impression on the French. Colonel Hodge, yet another of the engineers in the A. E. F., stopped in to visit his cousin Captain Edward B. Hodge, and other friends in the Unit. 64 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 Lieutenant Commander Robert LeConte and Lieut- enant Commander James E. Talley, of Naval Base Hospital No. 5, the Methodist Episcopal Hospital unit of Philadelphia, visited their old friends from the same city. Another welcome visitor was Colonel James P. Hutchinson of Philadelphia, whose long service and splendid work at American Red Cross Military Hospi- tal No. 1, at Neuilly, has done him such credit. THE WORK AT LE TREPORT The amount of work done by Base Hospital No. 10 while in charge of British General Hospital No. 16, may be gathered from a brief resume of the statistics of the registrar's office during the period from June 13, 19 17, to December 31, 1918, about eighteen and a half months (See pp. 202, 203). There were admitted during that time 47,81 1 patients, of whom 22,431 were wounded and 24,222 sick. Of these 398 of the wounded and 140 of the sick died, making a total of 538 deaths. There were 3,736 surgical operations performed, the great majority for the removal of missiles or their fragments, but also a large number of amputations. The patients were chiefly, of course, members of the British Expeditionary Force, including British, Scotch, Irish, Australian, New Zealand, South African and Canadian soldiers, the total number of American soldiers admitted being but 3,012, of whom 44 died. "1 Group of matrons of the hospitals in the Le Treport area. PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 65 The Dental Department of the Hospital was very active. The Unit had with it two dentists, Colonel Charles S. Jack and Captain Edwin Shoemaker, and a tabulation of their work in the Appendix shows that they treated no less than 15,926 patients. The skill of the American dentist is proverbial in England and on the Continent and much advantage was taken of their skill and kindness when it became known how willingly they extended their aid to those who stood in need of it. The X-ray Department was a most important adjunct to the Hospital. So much depended on the accurate localization of foreign bodies as a preliminary to their removal that at times when a large convoy of wounded had been received it would seem almost impossible that the x-ray department could keep its service up to time, and yet it always did. The department was at first in charge of Major Knowles. Later when he was de- tached from the Unit, Captain Shoemaker took it up. The mechanical work, development of plates etc., was done by Sergeant Cressy, and much of the success of the Department was due to his faithful and con- scientious labors. From June 13, 191 7, to December 31, 191 8, 5,852 patients were x-rayed. The Pathological Laboratory was under the charge of Captain Edward B. Krumbhaar, assisted by Captain J. Howard Cloud, with Mrs. Krumbhaar as technician. 66 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 A detailed statement of the work carried out in the little one-story corrugated iron hut in which the lab- oratory was lodged shows that no less than 18,878 pathological and bacteriological examinations were made in the period from June 13, 191 8. Of these exam- inations 318 were autopsies, which were performed in the little mortuary which served all the hospitals located in the area. Much assistance was afforded Major Krumbhaar by Privates Le Boutillier, Stevens and W. B. Smith, a second year medical student, at- tached as orderlies to the laboratory. Patients who succumbed to their wounds or to disease in any of the hospitals in the area were buried in the English military cemetery at Mont Huon about a mile by road from the hospitals. Before our arrival there had been another English cemetery laid out in connection with the French cemetery at Le Treport, but this had been filled, and shortly before our arrival the new one opened. It was just off a main road, sur- rounded by great fields, with a view of the Channel in the distance. The Americans were greatly impressed with the respect shown by the British for their dead. Every funeral was attended by a commissioned officer and squad of enlisted men, who marched behind the ambulance conveying the plain pine box in which was placed the body. The Chaplain of the belief to which the man belonged preceded the ambulance. Arrived at the cemetery the body was reverently borne to the grave PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 67 on the shoulders of the men, the Chaplain read a short service, and all stood at attention while the bugler blew the "last post," the British equivalent to our "taps." The German prisoners who died in the area were buried with the same respect, the body in such instances being borne to the grave by other German prisoners, escorted by a guard. The English were very much impressed with the work of our women anesthetists, Miss Burkey and Miss Murphy. Throughout the British Army anesthetics had hitherto only been administered by doctors and when shortly after our arrival our women began their work they were greatly astonished. The skill and care which was displayed soon caused their amazement to yield to ad- miration. The idea was soon adopted by the British authorities, and in the early spring of 19 18 classes were formed of British nurses who received instruction at our hospital and at several others, and before the end of the war a number of British nursing sisters were performing the duties of anesthetists in various hospitals throughout the B. E. F. Another striking difference between the practice of the British and ours was in the much more prevalent use of chloroform by them as a general anesthetic in preference to ether. Of course this custom prevails in their civil surgery, the only reason apparently being that the use of ether as an anesthetic began in America, whereas that of chloroform was discovered by Sir James 68 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 Y. Simpson of Edinburgh; consequently the use of each anesthetic was more widespread in the country in which it was first introduced. The traditional care with which the British Govern- ment looks after the welfare of its soldiers was nowhere better exemplified than in the hospital. Every day a dispatch was sent to London containing lists of the names of patients who were considered as in a serious condition. If a man were dangerously ill a special tele- gram was sent the War Office informing it of his condi- tion. These were the so-called "S. I." and "D. I." lists. As soon as a patient's name was placed on the D. I. list his family was notified and two and sometimes more of them, wife, mother or father, or some other of his kin, were brought to his bedside in a wonderfully short time, sometimes within less than twenty-four hours, and there they could remain until their loved one was out of danger, or if he died until he was laid at rest. The British Y. M. C. A. maintained a hostel in which these relatives were housed, and though it used to be inexpressibly sad to see these mournful little groups about the bedside or at the grave, the consolation to them and to the patient must have been very great. Their gratitude was often touchingly expressed and it was very beautiful to see the sympathy they mani- fested towards others who were in the same plight, or towards the patients with whom they came in contact during their brief stay about the Hospital. PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 69 It seemed to us in the course of our relations with the British Army that much of its wonderful success as a fighting machine depended upon the solicitude shown by the government for the men, and also on the care which the British officer always manifested for them. The Tommy looked up to his officer, respected him, and had confidence in him because he realized that the officer was willing to sacrifice himself for his men not only in little but in big things. At the casualty clearing stations and elsewhere when there were many wounded to be cared for and the surgeons and nurses were over- run, the British officer was always solicitous that the wounded Tommies should be looked after before himself, and his anxiety in this respect was repaid by a corresponding desire on the part of the private soldier that his officer should have every care and attention that could be bestowed upon him. REINFORCEMENTS FOR THE UNIT Pennsylvania Hospital Unit, Base Hospital No. 10, U. S. A., had been organized with the idea that it would have charge of a hospital of 500 beds. It was therefore obvious that to run a hospital of 2,090 beds there must be an addition to its personnel. In reply to Colonel DeLaney's urgent request, a reinforcement comprising 8 officers, 47 enlisted men, and 30 nurses, was sent from Philadelphia. The men under command , of Lieutenant H. B. Wilmer, sailed on August 18, 191 7, on the S. S. 70 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 Aurania, but the nurses were delayed and did not sail until August, 19 1 7, when they embarked under com- mand of Captain J. Paul Austin on the S. S. Baltic. Lieutenant Wilmer and his detachment had an unevent- ful voyage, landing at Liverpool, thence proceeding by train to Southampton, from which port they crossed the Channel to Havre, and from there were sent to Dieppe, where they were met by ambulances which took them to Le Treport, arriving on September 7. Captain Austin and the nurses arrived on September 21. Much of the success with which the pleasant relations between the Unit and the British were achieved must be attributed to the tact and ability with which the Unit was directed and managed by Colonel Matthew A. Delaney, M. C, U. S. A. In the course of his career as an army officer he had acquired a rare knowledge of men, and his courteous yet firm manner, and his thorough acquaintance with military affairs and ad- ministrative matters, made a great impression upon the British officers. Avoiding all misunderstandings and very direct in all his dealings they held him in esteem as a soldier at the same time that they enjoyed his society as a man. ROUTINE AT LE TREPORT On March 1 ith, 191 8, Colonel DeLaney left the Unit to become Liaison Officer in London, and Lt. Col. Harte took over the command of the Hospital. During the PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 71 latter part of this month, the now famous Cambrai push took place, and the Hospital, as well as the whole area received orders to prepare to move at a moment's notice. Forty-five nurses were sent away, thirty to Rouen, and fifteen to Etretat. The Hospital was practi- cally empty until the middle of April, but from then on throughout the remainder of the summer it was filled, usually to overflowing. In some convoys as many as six hundred cases were received. During this same period there were frequent air-raid alarms, which added to the anxiety of all. The latter part of April, Major Norris left the Unit for duty with the A. E. F., and Captain Newlin took over charge of the Medical Division. May 3d, 19 1 8, was a day long to be remembered by the Unit, as our band made its first public appearance. After several months' practice the band had mastered a single selection, and proudly marched in front of the officers' mess and tried the same on the poor officers, who had no means of escape. After playing the piece through, the band were so proud ot themselves that they repeated the selection many times, and before they departed every one of the officers could whistle the entire selection without a single mistake. About this time, because of the deliberate bombing of several British and Canadian hospitals, the engineers began digging trenches and sandbagging the huts of all the hospitals. This work in our area kept up until 72 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 after the armistice was signed, although fortunately no attempt was ever made to bomb any of the hospitals in our immediate vicinity. In June Captain Packard began a course of lectures on French History to the members of the Unit. These lectures Captain Packard continued until September 9, 1918, when he left to take up his new duties as con- sultant in oto-laryngology for the Paris district. August, 1918, was a very busy month with daily con- voys and a corresponding number of evacuations. From August 3d to August 30th, the area received 27,000 cases, a thousand a day for twenty-seven consecutive days. No. 16 took 5,000 of these. Early in October the Mobile Hospital under com- mand of Major Edward B. Hodge left No. 16, and de- parted for Paris for equipment and extra personnel. It consisted of four officers, twenty nurses, and thirty enlisted men. About the middle of October the number of officers was reduced to fifteen, which made more than plenty of work for all, as the Hospital was running about full, and the usual number of officers required for a hospital of its size was at least thirty. On October 24th, 19 18, orders arrived for Colonel Harte to proceed to Brest for embarkation to the United States. He departed November 4th, and the command was taken over by Major Charles F. Mitchell. o O D o Oh o o a PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 73 THE ARMISTICE On November 10th word was received that the Kaiser had abdicated, and the following day that the armistice had been signed. Immediately upon getting the official news our band was ordered out and it headed a parade consisting of officers, nurses, patients and numerous French civilians. It is impossible to describe the sight of the motley throng of the allied nationalities as they gave vent to the thrill of joy caused by the realiza- tion that the aims for which they had been sacrificing so much were really theirs. After the armistice the hospital work gradually lessened, and it became necessary to have daily drill for the enlisted men to keep them employed. At this time there were 259 enlisted men on the rolls. Five of the enlisted men received commissions: Sergeant Seaver, Second Lieutenant; Q. M. C. Ser- geant Greer, First Lieutenant S. C; Sergeant Wilson, Second Lieutenant S. C; Private Lawrence M.Ramsey, Second Lieutenant Field Artillery, and Private Joseph S. Hagenbuck, First Lieutenant S. C. All remained with the Unit in their new capacities. HOMEWARD BOUND On January 12th, 1919, Lt. Col. William J. Taylor left the Unit with orders to proceed to the United States, and the same day the mobile unit consisting of six officers, thirty nurses and sixty-eight enlisted men returned. This added personnel at this time made 74 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 a grand total of 39 officers, 125 nurses, and 327 enlisted men, 491 in all. Shortly after this orders were received for all those who had not been in the service a year to proceed to various camps in the A. E. F. These, together with a few nurses who volunteered to remain in France, depleted our ranks so that finally we returned to the United States with twenty-eight officers, one hundred nurses and one hundred and seventy-nine enlisted men. On February 3d, all patients were transferred to General Hospital No. 47, and from that date on the hos- pital was demobilized. All the stores were collected and housed in a couple of huts, and placed under the charge of Major Lunney of British Army Q. M. C. In the early part of March our nurses were sent in batches to Vannes where they were splendidly looked after by Lt. Col. Veeder of the St. Louis Unit, which was stationed near that city, in the little town of Plouharnel in the heart of old Brittany. On March 4th, Lt. Col. Sweet with 25 officers and 154 enlisted men proceeded to Plouharnel, arriving March 7th. They were comfortably housed in what was formerly a monastery. Lt. Col. Mitchell with Major Newlin and 25 enlisted men remained at Le Treport to complete the closing of the hospital. Finally this last contingent left for Vannes March 12th, reaching their destination the following day. The nurses left Plouharnel March 12th for Brest, and Major Newlin was sent to join them on the 15th Lieutenant-Colonel Charles F. Mitchell, Commanding Officer, British General Hospital No. 16, B. E. F., Le Treport. PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 75 to act as their escort home. They remained at Brest until April 3d, and then sailed on the Holland American liner Rotterdam for New York, arriving April 12th. The officers and men remained at Plouharnel until March 22d, when they departed for Brest, arriv- ing the following day. Our stay at Camp Pontanaza will long be remembered by all, due to the kind, efficient and courteous treatment we received from the officers in charge. The efficiency of the camp impressed every- one, and the kindness shown us personally by the commanding officer, Brigadier General Smedley D. Butler, will never be forgotten. General Butler later informed Colonel Mitchell that after the Unit left, he had occasion to write Q. H. Q. that Base Hospital No. 10 was the best outfit of its kind that had come under his charge. On April 6th officers and men went on board the Kaiserin Augusta-Victoria which was making her first voyage after having been interned in a German port since the beginning of the war. The ship sailed on the 8th and arrived at Hoboken April 17th. On the 18th the Unit proceeded to Camp Dix, N. J., and was de- mobilized on the 22d. HISTORY OF THE NURSING CORPS OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 U. S. A. BY MARGARET A. DUNLOP THE early history of the Nursing Corps of Base Hospital No. 10, U. S. A., primarily begins with the Red Cross Nursing Department organized by Miss Jane Delano, well-known national figure in the nursing world of America. She conceived the idea of an enrollment of trained nurses of standard rank who would pledge themselves under the Red Cross to take their part in local disasters, and in the time of war to be regarded as an Army Reserve Corps prepared to go any- where at the call of the Government as a war measure. The enrollment, particularly here in Philadelphia, was carried on unobtrusively for several years. Conse- quently when Dr. Richard H. Harte after his return in 1 916 from service at the American Ambulance asked that a Pennsylvania Hospital nursing unit of fifty nurses be secured for the nursing service of a Red Cross army unit to be organized in Philadelphia, it was an easy matter to gather together such women. After securing the promise from the Managers for the services of the Superintendent of Nurses of the Pennsylvania Hospital, such an organization was started, with^the 76 Miss Margaret A. Dunlop, Matron, No. 16 (Philadelphia, U. S. A.) General Hospital, B. E. F., Le Treport, in her office. PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 77 Superintendent of Nurses as Chief Nurse. The list of the nurses constituting the original unit will be found on page 225. Little thought or expectation was given to the fact that war was either probable or possible, and it was a considerable shock to be called by Dr. Harte, director of the whole Base, on the afternoon of Sunday, May 2, 191 7, stating that an order had been received calling out the Unit for service in France and asking that the Nursing Corps be mobilized, bag and baggage, ready for France the following Friday noon. As in time of war orders are orders, we gasped the reply and started to work. Many of these pledged nurses were in far away states at the head of hospitals, or on duty with private patients. Substitutes had to be secured, and as half of the nursing staff of the home hospital were to be taken, considerable difficulties had to be overcome, arrange- ments made for indefinite leave, etc. Telegrams were the order of the day, but out of the apparent chaos the full number appeared by Friday noon prepared for anything. On Wednesday, May 5th, a telegram from Washing- ton came ordering fifteen more nurses to be secured for the Unit, including a dietitian. This additional number was secured through the local Red Cross nurse enroll- ment. These also were ready by Friday. The names of these additional nurses are given on page 226. The next nine days were an anxious, restless time, the 78 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 nurses reporting every two hours at the hospital, the nurses not living at the hospital being cared for at the home of Mrs. George W. Childs Drexel. During this time Captain McDiarmid administered the oath of allegiance. Measurements were taken of the sixty-five women and sent to a wholesale clothing house in New York for uniforms, we knew not of what color, shape or kind. MARCHING ORDERS On the night of May 17th, Major Matthew A. Delaney, the newly appointed military commanding officer of Base Hospital No. 10, telegraphed the order that the nurses were to be sent before ten o'clock the next morning, in small groups, without any publicity, to the Pennsylvania Railroad, West Philadelphia station, destination unknown. Meeting at the station the officers and enlisted personnel, we were all whisked off together by special train. We reached Jersey City about noon where, through the foresight of the Quartermaster, Captain Kidwell, we were served with luncheon. From luncheon we were marched to the ferryboat and the first real thrill was felt when the nurses, in passing the Pennsylvania Rail- road employees, were given a rousing cheer. Arriving at the pier in New York City we were taken at once to the S. S. St. Paul. Here we were met by the American Red Cross committee with the uniforms made from PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 79 the measurements taken the preceding week. The uni- forms on the whole were well made and fitted very well under the circumstances. The dark blue uniforms, coats and hats were very somber and the nurses became known as the Pennsylvania Hospital "orphans." But after many months of service, the uniform became very dear to us and the comfort and protection that it secured to us in France were very much appreciated. Very late that evening we were joined on the St. Paul by Base Hospital No. 2 1 from St. Louis, Missouri. These two units with a few other passengers made up the passenger list of the St. Paul. THE VOYAGE Early Saturday morning we left New York with a feeling of excitement, anticipation, dread, uncertainty and considerable homesickness. In a few hours our homeland was lost to view, many of us wondering when and how we should see it again. The ten-day voyage was delightful, except for the usual touch of sickness, and, for a few days, the result of the doses of antitoxin which seemed to be very freely given to us. From the amount given, it seemed to the nurses as though, on reaching France, we would be germ proof. The ocean seemed destitute of ships and it was with much delight that we hailed the little Ameri- can destroyers off the coast of Ireland when we came into the war zone for submarines. The last night on 80 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 board was not one for comfort. It was spent sitting on the deck with life belts on and small valuables handy. Without mishap, however, we finally reached Liverpool May 28th, were welcomed by two military officers of the British army, Colonel Begbie and Colonel Johnston, and we became the guests of the English government, Colonel Johnston taking charge of the nurs- ing personnel and Colonel Begbie of the officers. Colo- nel Johnston was a man eminently fitted to take charge of one hundred and twenty-three women. We were taken in big buses to the Hotel Adelphi and the nurses were given liberty to see the city. Here they experienced the first touch of the sympathy, friendliness and hospi- tality of the English people — a people whom later we came to know and admire for their many fine qualities. Many were the tales brought back by the nurses of the friendliness and little courtesies and kindnesses extended to them by the people of Liverpool. LONDON By special train the next day, still under the guardian- ship of Colonel Johnston, the nurses were taken to London. While en route at one of the stations, through the thoughtfulness of Colonel Johnston, tea baskets were brought into the train and the nurses for the first time partook of the great English custom. We arrived at London and were met by Colonel Bradley, U. S. A., and Mrs. Bradley, Mrs. Whitelaw Reid and a delega- a .— Cfl a O (Z) X O DC d a3 > >> <*> C J-H c O o M PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 151 slept below the level of the ground in shallow graves, two by six feet by eighteen inches deep, which were dug through the floor of our tents, and when the anti- aircraft guns were shooting and particles of the exploded shells were falling, we partly closed over us a section of the floor of the tent which was hinged and which had a piece of sheet iron nailed on the under side. This does not sound like very comfortable sleeping quarters, but as a matter of fact it was much warmer and much safer than the floor of a tent. Two very definite impressions were made upon me during the two months I spent at No. 61. One was the dogged perseverance of the British and their wonderful organization for handling wounded troops. The other was the fortitude and bravery of the women nurses. Night bombing is a terrifying thing and those who are not disturbed by it possess unusual qualities. It was terrifying to Tommies and officers alike, but I believe that the women nurses showed less fear than any one. Our own nurse, Miss Gerhart, really seemed to enjoy her experience and I think was the only one who had any regret at leaving No. 61. She was always cheerful and always working. She was liked by the British, both men and women, who at first called her the "American Sister, " but later spoke of her less respectfully, but more affectionately, as "Cat-Gut- Katie," a sobriquet which I think had its origin with my distinguished anesthetist. Last fall, just two years after our activities in this 152 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 Clearing Station, I had an opportunity to visit it again, when I found only a few of the metal huts standing, but was able to locate the nurses* dug-out, and the holes in the ground where we had slept. The scene about the neighborhood represented a peace and quiet that seemed out of place when I remembered what the same neighborhood was like two years before. PLAN OF CASUALTY CLEARING STATION No. 6i,B. E. F. HOSPITAL ARRANGEMENTS DURING ACTIVE OPERATIONS A GENERAL plan of the Camp is hung up in the office and receiving room and wards and all officers and N. C. O's. will make themselves fully acquainted with it in order to ensure the smooth working during active operations. It will be observed that the area of the Hospital for dealing with sick and wounded is limited by the road dividing the camp transversely, the part on the far side from the entrance being reserved for infectious cases and personnel. That part of the hospital for dealing with sick and wounded is divided into halves by the broad duck- board walk. Each row of tents is numbered, the odd numbers on the left and the even numbers on the right of the path, commencing from the entrance. PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 153 In addition the rows of tents are designated according to the purpose for which they will be used thus : LEFT RIGHT I. 3- 5- 7- Reception Dressing Preoperation Operating theatres and sterilizing room 2. 4. 6. 8. Evacuation (lying) Evacuation (lying) Dispensary Resuscitation 9- Acute surgical 10. Dining hall 11. Officers 12. Sitting evacuation and Germans 13- Gassed and chest cases 14. Sitting evacuation i5- Reserve 16. Reserve 17. Eye, dental and ordi- nary sick or lightly wounded fit to return to duty in few days. 18. S. I. W. Receiving Room. Cases are received in this room and records taken, then passed into dressing room. Dressing Room. This is equipped with six tables for dressing cases, each table being self-contained as re- gards requirements. Here cases are seen by M. O. who will divide them into: 1. Cases for immediate operation. (Passed straight to preoperation ward. No dressing.) 2. Cases for resuscitation ward. (Passed straight to resuscitation ward. No dressing.) 154 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 3. Cases for acute surgical and chest ward not im- mediately operable. (Straight to acute surgical and chest wards. No dressing.) 4. Cases for dressing and evacuation. (Dressed and passed to wards 2 and 4. Or as notified if these are full.) 5. Officers. All sent to officers' ward but first dressed if coming under 4 and 1. Preoperation Ward. Cases will here be prepared for the theatre. All cases will have their clothes removed. The amount of actual preparation of the wound will be decided by the M. O. Operating Theatre. Two theatres, one in a hut con- taining five tables, the other in a tent containing two tables, with the sterilizing room between them. Cases with gas infection will for preference be sent to the tent theatre. Operation Books. Each surgeon is responsible for seeing that the details of cases operated on by him are entered in the books, two of which are kept in the large theatre and one in the small theatre. Entries are to be made on the Field Medical Card in the theatre and signed by the surgeon performing the operation. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS Special Treatment Slip. No case will leave the dress- ing-room without the slip being completed so far as it applies. PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 155 Field Medical Cards. Officers will take particular care to ensure that the Field Medical Cards are correctly completed and signed. It is of the utmost importance that any change of diagnosis from that made by the medical unit sending in the case to this C. C. S. should be reported at once to the office. The classification of the casualty, i.e., battle casualty, accidently wounded, or sick, must invariably agree with the diagnosis made. Occasionally the diagnosis "crushed" or "buried by shell" is made in a Field Ambulance. This should be altered and the diagnosis made in accord- ance with the printed classification kept in the dressing- room, to the actual injury found, e.g., "contusions." No case must go down to the Base without a diagno- sis being shown, no case to go down N. Y. D. "C. D." in large black letters must be entered on the envelope of the Field Medical Card of patients under- going Carrel-Dakin treatment, in the blank space for entry of remarks. Anti-tetanic Serum. In every case arriving at this C. C. S., it will be ascertained if the patient has received anti-tetanic serum. Cases which have not had the serum or where there is a doubt as to whether it has been given will receive it before leaving the dressing- room. A. T. indicating that A. T. S. has been given will be marked on the back of both wrists. Minor cases requiring gas, etc., can be dealt with in the dressing-room. 156 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 Duties. The M. O.'s doing duty in the dressing-room are responsible for the patients in wards 2, 4, and 8. They will see that no case from the evacuation ward is put on the train unless in a condition to travel and will also see that cases requiring it are redressed before being evacuated. They will send cases from here to any of the other wards should they think necessary. In regard to patients sent direct to wards 8, 9, 11 and 13 before being through the theatre the Medical Officers in charge will request any one of the surgeons on duty to see the case should they deem it necessary before sending it to the theatre. Cases in Retention Wards. A card showing the sur- geon's number is hung at head of bed of patients that have been operated on. The surgeon who performed the operation should be consulted if necessary as to further treatment. X-Ray Cases. The left hand side of A. F. W. 3172 (a supply of which is kept in dressing-room) must be completed by the M. O. sending a patient for x-ray. This form when completed must be sent to x-ray department that it may be known there what cases are waiting for treatment. If a case is sent from the dressing- room an X will be marked on the treatment slip. Where possible and likely to be of value in the further treat- ment of the cases the x-ray slates will accompany patients evacuated to the Base. To economize the time of the radiographer the follow- PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 157 ing types of cases are suggested as suitable for x-ray examination. Cases going to the preoperation ward should be selected : 1. Head cases with fracture or suspected fractures. 2. Severe chest cases with lodging missile. 3. Abdominals with lodging missile or suspected abdominals with wound of lower part thorax and through buttock or back. 4. Knee-joints with lodging missile or suspected fracture. Chest Cases Including Lethal Gas Cases. An officer is appointed especially to look after these cases. Surgical Instruments. A supply of surgical instru- ments will be arranged as follows : Two trays of instruments will be allotted to each table. These trays will contain the essential instru- ments for any operation, that is, knives, scissors, dis- secting forceps, pressure forceps, etc. When an operation is completed the tray containing the dirty instruments will be exchanged for a tray of clean instruments in the sterilizing room. Special Instruments. Two sets of special instruments e.g., amputation, head, abdominal, bone, will be kept ready for use in the theatre. After use these instruments will be taken to the sterilizing room, sterilized and returned to their allotted place. Extra Instruments. Separate trays containing an extra supply of the following instruments will also be 158 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 kept in the theatre ready sterilized. Scissors, scalpels, dissecting forceps, large pressure forceps, small pressure forceps. This arrangement applies to both theatres. Orders. Officers will make themselves acquainted with all orders issued daily and will always initial the order book. A WEEK AT CASUALTY CLEARING STATION No 32 BY EDWARD B. HODGE, M. D. ON March 21, 1 9 1 8, C. C. S. team 28, Captains Hodge and Dillard, Nurse Stambaugh and orderlies Clark and Mangin, received orders to leave Le Treport and help in the offensive begun that morning by the Germans. In company with teams from Canadian No. 2 and No. 47, the team was taken by the convoy drivers to No. 42 Stationary Hospital, Amiens. Joined there by teams from other bases, Rouen, Etaples, etc., it left for the front as a convoy directed by motor cycle guide and still driven by chaufferines, owing to scarcity of front area ambulances. About 9 p. m. the team reached its destination at Marchelepot some miles south of Peronne and in the area devastated at the time of the Hindenberg retreat. It was over 20 miles from the front when the drive began. Four teams each were assigned to C. C. S. 32 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 159 and 34, ours being among the former. During the night one more team arrived for each C. C. S., making a total addition to the regular staff of five teams apiece. On reporting to Lt. Col. Sutcliffe, R. A. M. C, the O. C, our team was assigned to the day shift, going on duty at 8 a. m. thanext day on a 16-hour shift. The garage cars left for the long drive home almost at once in order to be in time for an evacuation in the morning. There were 1000 wounded waiting at the C. C. S. The word that night was that the Germans had made a big advance on a 50-mile front but would certainly be held on reaching the Somme if not before. During intervals of work at mess hours next day many troops were coming out of the line and a Divisional Headquarters was set up for a time directly across the road. Artillery fire was very heavy and almost continu- ous, but still distant. On getting to work Saturday the 23d, we found fine weather again but disquieting news and events. The Boche was still advancing steadily, the advance had not been checked at the Somme, gun fire was not so constant but nearer, a Divisional Headquarters had suffered a direct hit by a bomb in the night and many of the staff had been admitted to our C. C. S., among them the general commanding with a serious head wound. A little later orders came to cease work at noon on all eight tables except ours which was kept going till 2 p. m. Nurses and orderlies were busy packing the 160 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 operating theatre equipment and supplies. At 3 p. m. the nurses were sent back by ambulance, going as we afterwards learned to 42 Stationary in Amiens. No more patients were admitted and all ranks were busy getting patients on stretchers and out on the duckboards ready to be loaded on a train. By late afternoon the last ambulance train had left, taking all but 200 cot cases. Kits were packed, canteens filled and everything made ready for leaving on another train as soon as orders should arrive. None had come since those evacuating the nurses, and the O. C. was unable to get the D. M. S. by phone. He went over to consult the O. C. of C. C. S. 34 as to the propriety of leaving without orders on a train of box and flat cars recently arrived and loaded with our remaining wounded and some equipment and supplies. Many warnings had been coming in all afternoon of the increasing proximity of the enemy. The engineers had just reported the road mined and advised leaving in half an hour. The two O. C's. finally decided to evacuate in the absence of orders, and about 10 p. m. we pulled out. Shells had been coming over for some time. Many of the wounded spent the 2 1 hours it took to cover the twenty-odd miles to Amiens lying on stretchers on the open flat cars. Captain Dillard and Captain Hodge occupied the brakeman's box of a box car, getting an occasional nap by the roadside when the train made a particularly long stop. German prisoners' quarters at Le Treport. German prisoners of war at Le Treport. PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 161 On arrival in Amiens station at 7 p. m. Sunday night, the wounded were transferred to No. 42 Stationary- Hospital, only six having died out of the 200 who began the long trip. AH officers and men were kept on the platform in the station ready for orders to go up the line again. Amiens had been bombed nightly since the start of the push and this night was no exception, the show lasting from 8.30 to 12.30. Neither the station nor hos- pital was hit, however, though a French hospital was not so lucky. In spite of the noise and excitement, nearly everyone got some sleep, lying either on the baggage pile or on the concrete platform. Monday morning, after breakfast along the tracks, we were sent up the railroad as far as Villers-Bretton- neau. Here were hundreds of wounded lying in the open, and 61 C. C. S. which had been driven back from Ham was putting up canvas for an entrainment station to handle them. To it was attached our O. C. and his staff. He had been relieved of his independent com- mand for having evacuated Marchelepot without orders when he could get none, and although he had got away all wounded, staff, personnel and some equip- ment. Later we were glad to learn this had been re- scinded and his command restored. Three teams, Canada, St. Louis and ourselves, were taken by ambulance to Cerisy-Gailly on the Somme some miles away and there attached to 41 Stationary, 11 162 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 Lt. Col. Mills-Roberts O. C. This had been a French hospital and was a fine hut hospital of 1200 beds with a staff of fine officers. They were now acting as a Field Ambulance, terribly rushed and operating for hemor- rhage only. We were all on duty most of the night and could see the whole battle line marked by the burning dumps fired during the retreat. Our dreams of work among such comfortable surroundings were soon rudely shat- tered. Going to bed at 9 a. m. in hopes of much needed sleep, we were roused at 1 1 by the news that we were to pack and be ready to move at 1 p. m. Patients from here had been evacuated by ambulance to the railroad at Villers-Brettonneau almost as fast as they came in. The sisters and luggage left by lorry and the detachment with Col. Mills-Roberts at its head set out on the road to Amiens. The 15 miles were covered in some 6 hours, and of the six officers who finished with the detachment four were Americans — all who had started. The others had hopped lorries. All the way, the road was filled with refugees afoot or on top of carts loaded wth house- hold goods. There were lorries, motor cars, wheelbar- rows and baby coaches. Soldiers, civilians, women and children, horses, cows, pigs, sheep and dogs — all were on the move. We saw little evidence of defensive works or of troops going up in support. On arrival at 42 Stationary Hospi- tal, we were given a free foot until 9 a. m. next day, PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 163 Wednesday, as Col. Mills-Roberts was not to take over its command till then. After dining at the hotel, we went back to the hospi- tal, Capt. McKenzie of the Canadian team with us, as we had learned our nurses, Miss Stambaugh and Miss Patterson, had been working there since leaving 32 C. C. S. on Saturday. We found them just leaving to spend the night in No. 3 branch in order to make room for the sisters from 41 Stationary. The first bombing flight had been over and it seemed a good time to move. The matron herself was going. While walking along a broad boulevard about half way to our destination, more bombers came over and four bombs were dropped in our block. After we had extricated ourselves from the fallen glass and plaster and had taken account of stock, we found everyone had a wound in leg or foot, except Capt. McKenzie. At first we feared he was killed as he was lying quiet in the gutter. Later it appeared he was only stunned and had not a scratch. An ambu- lance took us back to the place we had so recently left. There we were well looked after and the wounded operated on by Major Gordon Smith. The Chaplain gave up his room to the nurses, whose wounds were the most serious, and we found room for Capt. Dillard in a ward. Major Hodge arranged with the Sgt. Major for removal of our casualties by ambulance convoy next day to Abbeville, and at 2.30 a. m. he found himself a bed on the operating table as there wasn't a vacant 164 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 place in the wards, corridors, stair landings or dressing- rooms. The bombing kept up till after three. Next morning after getting the Adjutant's permis- sion, we got the patients and luggage loaded and started for Abbeville. The orderlies were left at 42 for further orders. Captain Dillard was placed in No. 2 Australian General Hospital and the nurses in the nurses' annex. Everyone was most kind and helpful, but it was impos- sible to get transportation or the use of the telephone to request it from Le Treport. While trying to accomplish this, an over-zealous English M. O. nearly got Capt. Dillard on the train to Blighty by way of Rouen — much to his disgust. Finally appeared some of the well-known garage ambulances bringing the other teams and our orderlies back from Amiens in response to general orders for return of C. C. S. teams to base. One was assigned to us and took Capt. Dillard and Major Hodge back to Le Treport. We were unable to get permission to move the nurses, who were later evacuated to England, as was Capt. Dillard. And so closed our experience in the great push for Amiens. We were away less than a week but had plenty of action crowded into that time. We did some work and much moving. Our escape from serious injury was narrow and our gratitude proportionately great. PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 165 CASUALTY CLEARING STATION NO. 23 BY JOHN B. FLICK, M. D. CASUALTY Clearing Station Surgical Team No. 23, British, consisting of Lieut. John B. Flick, Lieut. J. Burton Roberts, Nurse Julia J. Ravenel, Pvt. P. J. Tate and Pvt. H. N. Bradley, received orders late Saturday night, August 24, 19 18. Leav- ing Le Treport Sunday morning, about 8 a. m. the team proceeded by ambulance to Abbeville, where we changed ambulances, and thence to Fienvillers. After travelling all day, we arrived at No. 38 C. C. S. in time for a belated dinner, and to be assigned to the night shift of workers. We were rather astonished, after having spent the day in travel to be so ruthlessly initi- ated into C. C. S. work, but there was so much to be done and so few to do it that we soon forgot all about fatigue and fell into the swing of things. Miss Ravenel and the orderlies had the table ready by 9.30 p. m. and the team had its first nightmare of C. C. S. surgery. On Sept. 3rd, after reporting off duty and while at breakfast we were notified by the C. O. to be in readiness to move forward, that three teams were leaving and that ambulances would be ready to convey us at 10.30 a. m. We had expected this, as No. 38 was far behind active operations (Bapaume) and we had been getting only overflow cases, usually 18 or 24 hours old. We were too far behind for abdominal cases and we operated only one, a German and a hopeless case. 166 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 We were surprised and pleased upon arriving at No. 4 C. C. S., Colincamp, to find old friends — old friends from the standpoint of having been acquainted with other members of our unit, Colonel Harte and his team. There had been heavy fighting over that bit of country a few weeks previous, work was slow, the C. C. S. having just been completed that day, so we obtained leave and set out to view the battlefield. That stretch of country seemed to be just a series of shell holes and trenches. The German lines had been at Sayre, a few miles distant, and many of the shell holes between Colincamp and Sayre still contained dead in all sorts of grotesque positions, and usually with pockets turned inside out. The ground everywhere was strewn with the debris of battle. Work was never very strenuous at Colincamp. We were on day duty and usually managed to find time for walks about the country, exploring trenches and dugouts. The Hun nightly furnished us with diversion, but never dropped his "eggs'* close enough to cause alarm. We enjoyed leisure at this post, but later were to learn that No. 4 could be busy. On Sept. 14 we received our orders to return to base, and together with other surgical teams from that area made our way in ambulances to Abbeville and to Le Treport by train. It was a big convoy; apparently all the teams in that army were returning to base for redistribution, although at that time we did not know the reason for the sudden recall. PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 167 On Sept. 17 we again set out, arriving at 48 C. C. S., Brie, that evening, and again were assigned to night duty. On this trip we left Pvt. Tate behind, Pvt. John J. Waak taking his place. Tate had gone on leave, not knowing that we were to be called again. The attack on St. Quentin was already under way and by 10 p. m. we were deluged with cases. We were alongside an anti-aircraft headquarters, and apparently beneath a favored airpath of the Hun, for in the short space of time there we witnessed a number of air battles, and saw two planes brought down in flames. On the second night, we had finished our first case and were well started on the second, a miserable penetrating wound of the chest, and among other difficulties had just broken the only available rib shears, when the C. O. came to our table and told us to pack our kits and be in readiness to move as soon as possible. The cars did not arrive until about 1 a. m. It was a horrible wet night and five of us with our kits piled into an ambulance and with two other carloads started for Le Chapellette. We were to report to No. 53 C. C. S. as reinforcements, and the other teams to neighboring Casualty Clearing Stations. Somehow the cars became separated; it was dark and we had no lights; the driver became confused and after wandering about for several hours over bad roads we decided to pull up and await daybreak. There was a terrific barrage on, but in spite of it and of the crowded 168 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 car most of us managed to get a little sleep. We arrived at No. 53 C. C. S. at six o'clock in the morning, only to find that we were not needed, and on Sept. 21st re- turned to base. Lieut. Col. Thurston, R. A. M. C, a cousin of our first commanding officer at No. 16 General Hospital, was in charge of No. 53 C. C. S. On Sept. 26 we received orders to report at a hospital near DouIIens. There we were assigned to No. 4 C. C. S., then stationed at Beaulencourt. We were glad, for No. 4 C. C. S. was particularly well organized and well equipped, and we had liked the personnel at our pre- vious visit. Lieut. Col. Raule, R. A. M. C, was in command. We were cordially welcomed, but again assigned to night duty. As there were only two teams, we worked on sixteen-hour shifts for the first few days, going on duty at 1 p. m. and coming off at noon the next day. The pre-operative ward was always full; we operated only on cases that could not be transported without operation, and that were reasonably favorable. Most abdominals had to be left to their fate. The rush lasted about ten days, (Cambrai attack), the Hun bombs continued to interrupt our evening meal, but it never amounted to more than ducking lights. Occasionally he hit an ammunition dump and furnished excitement for the time being. On October 12 we moved to 29 C. C. S., Delsaux Farm, Beugny. We did day work and were glad of the Armistice Day. En route for home. PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 169 change. Many civilians were coming in; old men, women and children, mostly from the neighborhood of Cambrai which was under the shellfire of the retreating Huns. It was something new to hear the cries of children in the wards. The Huns were retreating rapidly; Casualty Clearing Stations constantly moving, groups leap-frog- ging over each other, to keep pace with the advance, and No. 29 was soon a back C. C. S. On Nov. 3 we received our orders and proceeded by ambulance to Caudry. We passed up through the Hin- denburg line, skirted Cambrai because of the danger of mines, arriving at Caudry in the afternoon. Beyond Cambrai the condition of the country was very good in contrast to other areas that we had passed through. The fields were green and well kept, trees were largely untouched by shells, and aside from roads and bridges that had been mined there was very little to tell the tale of fighting. This was a stretch over which the Germans had retreated rapidly. No. 3 C. C. S. occupied a lace factory, which had also been used by the Germans as a hospital. We were billeted in houses near by. It was a hectic time; wounded were pouring in and prisoners were coming down in large numbers. Caudry was mined, hardly a day passed that some building did not go up; the day we arrived the railroad bridge was blown to pieces. We again drew night duty, and occasionally did a sixteen-hour shift. We all, however, felt the stimulus i 7 o PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 of the time, work hours came and went, almost without our being conscious of a lapse. Rumors of the coming armistice already were rife. We treated one American boy who came in with a convoy made up of patients abandoned at a German advance hospital, captured by the British. He was from New York City, a youngster about nineteen. He had been captured the latter part of September while on a raid. The convoy was made up of Americans and British, some French, Italian, and Russians. This youngster's general condition was wretched, as was the condition of most of these poor fellows. He was very septic and emaciated. He had had a disarticulation at the left knee-joint, the articular sur- face was covered with granulations and bathed in pus and he had a compound fracture of the other leg and several flesh wounds elsewhere. He said that the German hospital had been under-staffed and without adequate supplies; that the prisoners suffered from want of food and attention, but that towards the last the Germans seemed more solicitous about their prisoners' care. In the early hours of the morning of the i ith we got the first news of the armistice. There was little excite- ment, but everybody wore a smile and that night we had an extra good dinner, speeches, and stories. Work immediately fell off, and on Nov. 13th, about six in the evening we started for Le Treport. We travelled by ambulance to Amiens, where we could not gain admit- tance to the hotels. We tried one after another, always PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 171 told that there was no room and that they could not supply us with food. The streets were crowded with a very cosmopolitan crowd intent on merrymaking and in spots a bit under the weather. We finally made our way back to our ambulances and set out for No. 42 Station- ary Hospital on the Amiens-Dury road, where the good night-sister, in spite of the hour — for it was one o'clock in the morning — prepared supper for us and we were given shelter for the night. That morning we travelled by train back to Le Treport. The total number of cases operated upon by team No. 23 was 271. MOBILE HOSPITAL NO. 8 BY EDWARD B. HODGE, M, D. A MOBILE Hospital in the A. E. F. was a 200- bed unit intended to function at, or in front of, the line of the Evacuation Hospital, but smaller than the latter, under canvas and more readily moved from place to place. As a rule, it handled only seriously wounded, non-transportable cases. Several had been put in the field during the summer of 191 8 and had proved so useful that others were being organized as fast as the equipment could be obtained from the French, after whose Autochir the mobile hospital was modelled. To this end several different base hospitals had been asked to furnish the nucleus of staff and personnel of a mobile hospital, the remainder to be furnished by Head- quarters. As the table of organization called for 8 to 12 officers, 20 nurses and 80 men, Col. Harte had been asked to furnish a commanding officer, 4 officers, 20 nurses and 30 men. Although this seriously crippled his strength at 16 General Hospital during an exceedingly active period when replacements were not in sight, he very unselfishly fell in with the plan and thus gave many of us an experience which we would not willingly have missed. 172 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 173 Our Mobile Hospital was No. 8. The officers detailed by Col. Harte were Capt. Hodge, C. O., Lt. Wilmer as Adjutant; Capt. Nolan, Lt. Outerbridge and Lt. Hether- ington. Hodge, Wilmer and Outerbridge were promoted while on this duty. Mrs. Eden was Chief Nurse, and 1st Class Sgt. Dannehower was in charge of the men. The C. O. left on Sept. 20, 191 8, for the Instruction and Assembly Park, Pare des Princes, Paris, reporting to Lt. Col. Jones C. O. He was later joined by the other officers, nurses and men as the orders came through. Here we found that M. H. 5 had recently left for the front. M. H. 6 left a few days after our arrival and M. H. 7 a week later. Here were added Lt. Sturr and Lt. Feldman, x-ray men, and Lt. Wilder, laboratory; also 50 enlisted men, casuals but recently over from the United States. The time was spent in checking up equipment and supplies, training the men in setting up and taking down the tentage and portable operating-room, testing out the different motors and trucks, selecting drivers and gen- erally beginning to get some sort of plan of organization under way. The nurses made up some supplies, had gas training and then spent the remaining days helping out at A. R. C. No. 5. About this time we learned that no more officers could be detailed to us so that we were particularly glad to learn of the possibility of our getting Capt. Keating of A. R. C. Military Hospital No. 1 to join us. Through the kindness of Lt. Col. Hutchinson, this was accom- i 7 4 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 plished and he later joined us at Deux Noeuds. The C. O's. of M. H. 9, 10, ii and 12 were at the Pare with us, being engaged in various stages of the same process. Our orders came on the 12th to move next day to Deux-Noeuds-devant-Beauzee. The trucks were loaded by that night, and the train next day. The rolling stock consisted of 4 trucks (%~3 tons), 1 sterilizer and 1 x-ray truck, Dodge touring car, side-car, 2 laundry units — washer and dryer — and 1 trailer. Two water carts were called for but simply could not be furnished at the time. Equipment and supplies made up some 35-40 truck loads. This was excessive, owing largely to overlapping of the French and American supply lists. Col. Jones was improving this condition with every M. H. that left. With 10 flat cars, 15 box cars and 2 passenger coaches, we made quite an imposing array as we pulled out of the freight yard at 9 p. m. on Oct. 13th. Dawn next day found us near Chateau Thierry on the way up the Marne valley. So from our train we had grandstand seats for the scene of the celebrated events between Chateau Thierry and Epernay. That evening at Sommeiles, we were turned over by the French to the 13th Enginers U. S. A. — recruited from the Illinois Central R. R. — who ran the line from there on. Reach- ing Evres that evening we spent the night on the train and in the morning began to unload. Lieut. Wilmer went PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 175 to Deux Noeuds to look our station over while Major Hodge went in the Dodge car to report to 1st Army Headquarters at Souilly. We found that M. H. 6 had been running a center for head cases at Deux Noeuds, had just been ordered further front but had not yet got all its command away. The adjutant, several officers, all the nurses, 5 surgical teams and 30 enlisted men had still to go. This was Tuesday and before it was over we had all the nurses and officers, most of the men and a lot of sup- plies transported to Deux Noeuds. Next day we took over command and by another twenty-four hours had things running fairly well. The hospital was located on the grounds of a small chateau just outside the tiny village with the long name but known in Yank vernacular as " Doughnuts." Souilly was "Swilly. " A French Ambulance had been located here and we used its hut wards for our patients and for nurses' quarters. There were also mess and cook shacks. Officers and men found quarters in the chateau and its stone outbuildings and stables. Mobile Hospital 6 had been quite busy and were able to give us much help from their experience. Patients arrived by ambulance and were evacuated in the same way to Vaubecourt on the railroad. With the aid of the five teams we found here, and which were detached to us from M. H. 6, it was possible to keep the surgical work in hand. Most of our trials were on the executive 176 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 side and ran all the way from mired trucks to a serious shortage of cooks. Imagine the latter when besides 200 patients and 100 men we were responsible for feeding during most of a week a boarding house of 56 nurses and 37 officers ! But nothing was too much for the ability and spirit of a command such as ours. By utilizing slightly wounded patients and volunteers from our enlisted men, we got or trained the cooks and before long the departure of M. H. 6's nurses, officers and men lightened the load. Capt. Wilmer discovered a park of 50 water carts near by, and through bribery and corruption of the homesick lieutenant in charge, by inviting him to a meal or two to meet the nurses, two carts were somehow diverted from their original destination. "Memorandum receipt," I believe it is called. The usual term is "sal- vage." Thanks to kind friends we also for the first time became possessed of two typewriters — not through regular channels! These things sound small but they bulk large when water must be carted miles and it becomes necessary to borrow a typewriter from your chief at 5 p. m., put two men on it all night and have it back 10 kilometers away by 7 a. m., in order to get out the payroll. Capt. Keating arrived shortly and a few days later we were fortunate enough to get transferred to our permanent staff Captain Speese, formerly of the Presby- terian Hospital Unit, who had been head of a team PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 177 with M. H. 2 since July. So we had two experienced men as surgical directors. Capt. Nolan acted as mess officer, Lt. Hetherington as supply officer, leaving Capt. Outerbridge more or less free for operating work. We had no chaplain and though we applied for one immediately on reaching Deux Noeuds, none ever ar- rived. Lt. Wilder drew the assignment of burying the dead in addition to his duties as sanitary officer and pathologist. Mortality in the serious head wounds was very high and Wilder had much practice as a padre. Miss Carter developed bronchopneumonia but made a smooth recovery. We met and were visited by many old and new friends, among them Captain — now Major — Cad- walader formerly of B. H. 10, several members of M. H. 4 from the St. Louis unit, etc. Troops coming out of the line were billeted in the village and we often saw their officers, our nurses always proving a strong attraction. Among the many rumors afloat, two became quite persistent; that Deux Noeuds was to be closed, the Head Center experiment not having proved practical, and that another offensive on our front was imminent. Toward the end of October, word came from Head- quarters to be ready for a move to a point near Varennes very soon. All but fifteen patients had been evacuated. These could not be moved for some days yet, being serious post-operative brain cases. Our move was thus 12 178 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 complicated by the necessity of leaving sufficient staff and personnel at Deux Noeuds to look after these cases. On Friday, Nov. i , the push began — as it turned out, the last of the war. On Sunday morning we began our move, aided by 20 trucks furnished to us. With Capts. Speese and Outerbridge, Major Hodge went ahead in the Dodge car to report at Cheppy to Col. Eastman, Chief Surgeon of the 5th Corps, to which we were to be temporarily attached. Here we were given our map location near Exermont and started on to look the ground over. Caught in a traffic block on the only good road up the Aire Valley, we crossed to the other side of the river, took a road through the edge of the Ar- gonne forest and crossed back again at Chatel-Chehery to our destination — 25 miles from Deux Noeuds. This was one-half mile east of the main road and just off the branch road to Exermont. There was a poor stone entrance road and a worse turn-around. It had been used as the Triage for the 2d Division and some tentage of F. H. 1 was still pitched. We were able to plan a set-up for our tents without too much inter- ference from shell holes but were disappointed to find the nearest water tank 1% miles away. Major Hodge returned to Deux Noeuds for the night, leaving Speese and Outerbridge in charge of receiving the convoy on its arrival. Due to rain, bad roads and congested traffic, the trucks did not begin to arrive till after dark and kept dropping in all night. What with rain, mud, little PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 179 food and water — the water cart having been relieved of its contents on the way up — and hard work unload- ing, this was a night long remembered by those at Exermont. Next day, Major Hodge and Captain Wilmer returned in advance of another convoy of trucks under Lieut. Hetherington, leaving Capt. Nolan and the nurses to finish up at Deux Noeuds. We found good progress had been made in setting up. Field Hospital 338 was locating just across our entrance road. It was attached to us and was to handle slightly wounded and medical patients. Ambulance Co's. 542 and 604, Lt. Terry C. O., were also attached to us to evacuate to the rear from M. H. 8 and F. H. 338. They were so scattered up and down the line on their previous assign- ment that it was some days before orders reached all the drivers and they were regularly working for us. By Tuesday we had up a good deal of canvas and were using some wards to help out F. H. 338 which was overrun with slightly wounded. Truck loads of troops were going up the line trying to keep in touch with the Boche who had already been driven back some 20 miles. These trucks brought back the slightly wounded. We were beginning to get in some seriously wounded and the camp was running with some system. By Wednes- day, all nurses were up from Deux Noeuds, all patients there evacuated and the place closed. On Thursday evening, Nov. 7, we had the false armistice celebration, 180 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 rockets and flares all around the horizon and motor lights and horns amuck up and down the valley. Another day saw three additional teams assigned to us and our ambulance evacuations working smoothly. Monday, the nth, brought the true armistice, but no one paid much attention at the time, having been fooled once. The truth was finally forced upon us by the absence of the familiar gun fire and drone of aero- planes. By afternoon, confirmation arrived and at dinner the occasion was properly celebrated in our mess by the combined staff of M. H. 8 and F. H. 338. Work was by no means over, however, as we con- tinued to receive wounded until the 17th. With armistice day came clear cold weather and life was brighter. The laundries had been set up and were working well, the water problem was better but it was harder to get rations, coal, wood, gas and supplies, as all the dumps were on the move — first, forward with the advance and later back again as the Army of Occupation moved into Luxembourg and other troops were with- drawn. It frequently occurred that a detail going to draw supplies found the usual place closed and had to spend most of the day and cover 30-40 miles before finding the new location and filling its wants. After another week or two, conditions became stabilized and living easier. When talking of rations, it is only proper to say that our experience with the U. S. Q. M. Department at the front was most satisfactory. The PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 181 food there was of excellent quality and variety and in ample quantity. It was issued freely and with little red tape. Any difficulty was in the matter of transportation from railhead to organization. This we were spared by having our own trucks. Saturday, Nov. 16th, marked our last admissions and on that day word came that we would be withdrawn and out of canvas as soon as possible. So we began to prepare by gradually taking down what canvas was no longer needed. We had pitched 13 Bessano or French ward tents, assigned as follows: Wards 7, admission 1, shock 1, operating 1, supply 1, nurses' quarters 1, officers' quarters 1. Besides these we used 10 "tortoise" tents and 7 marquees — the former for supply, kitchen, drug and morgue purposes and the latter for mess and quar- ters for men and night shifts of nurses and officers. On the 19th, 18 months from home, came orders to assume the big black A, insignia of the 1st Army. Also came the rumor that all the mobile hospitals were to be sent into Germany with the 3d Army. This aroused much discussion and various feelings. On this day too, F. H. 338 left us for Briquenay. About this time we suffered our only casualties from wounds — Capt. Outerbridge being hit by a spent revolver bullet and one of the attached nurses by a rifle bullet. Target practice in the neighborhood was responsible. Fortu- nately no damage was done. 182 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 Our opportunities for sightseeing were almost ideal. Within a mile of the Argonne Forest at the level of Cornay and Chatel-Chehery, near which the "Lost Battalion" had its experience earlier, we were sur- rounded by localities and names familiar and famous in our war records. Montfaucon, Romagne, Grandpre, Varennes, Vauquois, Buzancy, Dun, Stenay — all were within walking or motoring distance. Making the most of the fine weather and lack of work, all who could be spared were on the road. By walking, using the Dodge and trucks, and by "lorry-hopping," the country for miles around was covered and souvenirs innumerable collected. Frequently the nurses, leaving on foot, re- turned riding in limousines with generals or colonels. No one of lower rank had a chance. Lt. Terry took a party of officers in one of his ambulances to Luxem- bourg and Metz shortly before his command was detached and sent to serve with the Army of Occu- pation. On Nov. 23d, orders came to evacuate our few remaining patients. During this week all our operating teams were ordered back to base. On Saturday and Sunday, Nov. 30 and Dec. 1, ambulances and trucks were furnished to move nurses and equipment to Varennes, some kilometers south, with orders to unload by the railroad tracks, pitching only enough tentage for quarters, ready to move into Germany as soon as transportation should be furnished. Evacuation Hospi- Entrance to British General Hospital No. 16, Le Treport. Convalescent patients leaving the admission and discharge hut at British General Hospital No. 16, Le Treport. PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 183 tal 14, pitched on the flat in the bend of the river at Varennes, invited nurses and officers to share their quarters and mess. We accepted their hospitality for two days and then moved to drier ground — the nurses going to visit at M. H. 4 on the hill behind Cheppy at the kind insistence of Lt.-Col. Klopton, and the officers joining our men on the hillside by the road from Var- ennes to Cheppy. By this time, M. H. S. 1 , 4, 6 and 8 were camped within a mile of Varennes, all waiting for movement orders to Germany. Nos. 2 and 5 were further south. Here we sat till Dec. 17, seeing the sights, hearing rumors and going to dances and dinners given by the various commands in the valley. Needless to say, the nurses of the M. H.'s were in great demand at the dances and entertainments and many a night the trucks were busy taking them to and fro. Our plans were laid to bring our nurses back on the 17th, and prepare for a Christmas dance. On the very day orders came to send the nurses back to base. So the dance was off and the wonderful ball room floor we had laid of no use. The nurses got off by ambulance on the 19th to Bar-Ie-Duc where they entrained for Paris on the way to Le Treport. We were to get transportation to Joinville-haute-Marne, there to be demobilized as a unit and returned to base. Days and weeks passed and still no transportation. We whiled away the time visiting nearby places of interest and making up parties in the Dodge car for 184 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 distant points, usually on business and pleasure com- bined. Paris, Rheims, St. Menehould and Metz at different times received our attention. We were able to get leave through for a few of the men and one officer. Just before Christmas, we were cheered by a visit from old Base 10 friends, Majors Newlin and Krumb- haar coming to this part of the world to look up the graves of relatives and friends. For three days we mo- tored them about, visiting Thiaucourt, Brabant, Verdun and various battle fields. M. H. No. i gave a big dinner shortly before its departure on Christmas Eve. That night Mobile 4 had a wonderful dinner followed by a very good show given by their men. They finally got cars and pulled out on the 31st. Meanwhile the steady rain had flooded the river which was over its banks up and down the valley. This not only flooded out F. H. 41 pitched on the flat where Evacuation 14 had been but drove the rats up into our tents and, most serious of all, was washing the railroad tracks. Mobile 6 got away on Jan. 3 leaving us a few cars to begin loading. By the 6th, enough cars had arrived and we were all loaded, sleeping on the train that night. The men were on straw in box cars while we had fitted up a German box car with stove, cots, folding tables and chairs and were most comfort- able. All cars were wired up and lighted from our x-ray truck, and in addition the electrical sergeant had arranged in electric bulbs a big figure 8 on each side of PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 185 the x-ray truck. It all looked like a real circus and we left in style at 8 a. m. next morning. Like most trips in France, we ran for an hour and then waited a day — literally, this time. Reaching Aubre- ville, where the U. S. operation of the railroad ended, at 9 a. m., it was noon next day before a French engine arrived to take us further. We reached Joinville at 4.30 p. m. and spent the night on the train. Next morning found us reporting to Lt.-Col. Jones, our old friend of the Pare des Princes, who was here to see us demobilized as he had seen to our mobilizing. We drew billets in the town, got paper work under way and renewed friendships with Mobiles 4, 5 and 6, still in town but about ready to depart. Things went through with a rush, due to good preliminary work on our papers, and by Saturday the nth we were officially demobilized and split up into detachments. Capt. Wilmer went to Tours to turn in our records to the Chief Surgeon's office. Capt. Keating and Lt. Hetherington left for Paris to check up the supplies and equipment when turned in at the Pare des Princes. Half a dozen non-commissioned officers and men went with our train to Paris as guard. The rest of us left Saturday evening on the Metz- Dunkerque leave train for Le Treport. We were directed to take with us all officers and men who had not come to us from a regular base, thus adding some four officers and 50 men to the number with which we left Le Treport. Imagine Col. Mitchell's feelings when he 186 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 received that telegram! On Sunday morning our train went around Paris and spent the rest of the day wander- ing over northwest France, arriving at Abbeville at mid- night, just too late for a connection to Le Treport. Our last sleep on the road overtook the men in the rest camp and the officers in the dormitory of the Officers* Club. There was no train till next afternoon when a two-hours run brought us to the familiar station at four-thirty. It is not a thing of beauty, but it looked good to us. Still more so did the old top and the many friends there from whom we had been away some four months. And so ended a most interesting and instructive experience. We had many pleasures, some troubles and a few sorrows. No command we met showed more ability for hard work and finer spirit in nurses, officers and men. This fact was frequently commented on by others. To this spirit and fidelity are due what measure of success was achieved. Certainly we never failed to do what was allotted us, faulty as was at times the execution. No commanding officer ever had his task made easier by the cooperation of his whole command. And always we had before us the stimulus of trying to make a record worthy of Base Hospital No. 10. DETACHED TOUR OF SERVICE BY LIEUT.-COL. WILLIAM J. TAYLOR IN May, 191 8, 1 was ordered by the British Author- ities to report for temporary duty in the War Hos- pitals in London on June 1st and accordingly left Le Treport on May 28th early in the morning and reached Boulogne in time to take the duty boat which sailed at 2.30 p. m. and arrived in London that same evening. This was rather an interesting experience, as we were ordered to put on life preservers before the boat left the dock and to wear them until we arrived in the harbor at Folkestone. The deck was so crowded that a seat was impossible; fortunately it was a fine day, clear and cold, and fairly smooth. A mine sweeper had cleared the way; a dirigible was overhead; a seaplane swept back and forth over the course and the convoy which consisted of the duty boat, two leave boats and two hospital ships, was guarded by four destroyers, two on either side. My return journey was made in the same manner. I reported to Sir Robert Jones, Director of Ortho- pedics, on June 1st, who was most cordial and inquired just what kind of work I wished to see. He gave me a list of hospitals most worth my while to visit and letters 187 188 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 of introduction to the commanding officers, and wrote to the hospitals that I would visit them. I was given transportation on the railways. After spending a week in visiting the London hos- pitals, most of which time was spent at Shepherds Bush, I went to Leeds, then to Edinburgh to the Bangor Hospital, with Sir Harold Stiles, where I saw much interesting surgery of nerves, then to Liverpool and the Alder Hey Hospital, where I saw much of interest, then to Cardiff where the Prince of Wales Hospital for amputation cases was very instructing, then to Bristol and back to London. I spent a very profitable day at Tooting with Colonel Percy Sargent and saw him operate upon various nerve lesions; a day at Queen Mary's Hospital for facial reconstruction at Sidcup where marvellous work was being done by Major Gillies and others, and went to various other hospitals. Wherever I went I was received with the greatest courtesy and every facility was offered me to examine the patients and to learn the methods of treatment employed. I reported again to Sir Robert Jones who ordered me back to No. 16 General Hospital for duty. I left London June 29th early in the morning and reached Le Treport at 1.30 the next morning, June 30th, 19 18. The institutions visited were well adapted to their purposes, fully equipped and officered, and it was a PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 189 pleasure to see what a large number of American medi- cal officers were on duty, a very considerable percentage of the medical staff of all of these hospitals being officers of the United States Army. Many of these officers had been sent over for instruction in Orthopedic Surgery in the British war hospitals and would then, after a few months training, be sent to our own army in France, while others who had special knowledge and aptitude remained with the staff of the hospitals. The experience gained in this short tour of duty was of the greatest value to me, and had the war continued, as we had every expectation that it would, would have fitted me to take up this work with our own wounded. SERVICE OF MEMBERS AFTER DETACH- MENT FROM BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 BY J. CLIFFORD ROSENGARTEN ARRIVING at Tours November 24th, I received my commission as 2d Lieutenant and was made Assistant Superintendent of the 5th Railway Mail Service to help out until the Christmas mail rush was over. The work was uninteresting but I found a great many friends in Tours and had a very pleasant time. On January 1st, 1919, I was ordered to Paris to report to the Chief of the Courier Service, Major Peas- lee. I spent five very pleasant days in town while pro- curing my diplomatic passport, civilian clothes for neutral countries etc. and was then sent on a trip to Berne, Switzerland, via Geneva. I found George Howe there as Assistant Military Attache, and we had a very pleasant reunion and talked over the early days of No. 10 when we were fellow Sergeants 1st. Class. On my return to Paris I was greeted with the welcome news that I was to be stationed in Berlin and to make my trips from there. Five couriers went with a small mission from the Peace Conference to Brussels where we found a wild state of gaiety and rejoicing, as the Boche had only left 190 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 191 there a short time before. From there we went to Charle- roi and caught at night the British Officers' "leave train" to Cologne. At Cologne we were put up for the day at the Officers' Club and got our first view of occu- pied Germany. The people seemed contented enough, but it was interesting to see how successfully the Boche had replaced many needed articles with "ersatz." For instance even the bed sheets were of heavy crepe paper. At 1 a. m. on the 25th, we got aboard the sleeper on the train from Cologne to Berlin required by the terms of the armistice. I might say that in thousands of miles of traveling in unoccupied Germany this was the only sleeping car I saw. We arrived in Berlin at 10 p. m. on January 26th, in uniform of course, filed out through a dense mass of people, who stared hard but offered no insult, and walked several blocks to the Hotel Esplanade. The only Americans in Berlin were General Harris and five aids who had been sent in previously to attend to the repatriation of American prisoners. We found Berlin very interesting although conditions were very uncom- fortable. Influenza was raging, but somehow only one of our party became sick. The food in the hotel was very expensive and unsatisfying. One arose from the table full but still hungry. In walking around one saw no smart-looking officers, as they had all gotten into civilian clothes, in fear of their troops. All the aristoc- racy were tucked away on their country estates. The 192 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 taxicabs all had spring steel tires and only the army autos had rubber tires. The poor people looked thin and rather pale. They were surely underfed but there was no starvation. The fifth day I went to Danzig leaving at ten o'clock at night. I will describe this trip as it was typical of all traveling in Germany. One had to be at the station at least one hour before the train left to get a seat, as none were reserved. This was the one train to Danzig and took the place of six running in peace time, so you can imagine how crowded it was. A German ist class coupe has four seats but was always occupied by eight sitters and generally a lot of standers. The couloirs were always so jammed with people that it was impossible to move around. All the cloth cover- ings of the seats, leather window straps, etc., had been stolen. At least 30 per cent, of the windows were broken and there was no steam heat and we sure had cold weather in February. If the windows were not broken the Germans would not have the windows or doors open, even a crack, and as they all smoked terrible ersatz cigars the result was indescribable. Impossible to sleep a wink. We arrived at nine the next morning and I delivered my mail to the Food Commission who were there to arrange the unloading of cargoes of food for Poland. I left the same night and arrived in Berlin the following morning, half frozen and nearly dead for sleep. We moved into the Hotel Adlon so as to be with General Harris. PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 193 In all my travels I found the railway roadbeds had been kept in splendid shape, practically equal to the Pennsylvania R. R. at home. But the cars and engines had frequent trouble with hot boxes, etc., owing to not having the proper heavy oils for lubrication. Our service covered the following routes : Berlin — The Hague. Berlin — Dantzig. Berlin — Russia (Kovno and Riga). Berlin — Copenhagen, Stockholm, Helsingfors. Berlin — Ham- burg, and Berlin — Munich. The commission returned to Paris in two weeks but I was in Berlin till July 3d. Intermittently in February and March there was heavy fighting in Berlin between the Spartacans and the volunteer government troops, but it was all over by the end of March. The theatres, opera, great restaurants, dance halls, ice palaces and gambling halls were crowded every night, with people spending money like mad. Subway building had been going on during the war and work was still proceeding during all my stay. Von Bernstorff, one of the few titled Boche I saw in Berlin, sat at the next table to me in the Adlon during February, but needless to say I did not speak to him. From the first of March we had an officers' mess with food brought from Coblenz. This was not only good but cheap. The hotel servants were quite honest except that it was impossible to keep in one's room any food, chocolate or cigarettes, even under lock or key. They were too much of a temptation to people who had had none for three years. 13 194 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 On July 3rd, I proceeded to Paris and from there to London on the 7th, where I had four days. I saw the great parade in Paris on the 14th, and sailed from Brest on the 1 6th, as a trans-Atlantic courier, arrived in Washington the night of the 27th, and was mustered out there on the 29th. I often think of the wonderful work No. 10 did in France, and my respect and admiration for the officers, nurses and men of Pennsylvania Base Hospital No. 10 is unbounded. BY GEORGE HOWE After leaving Base Hospital No. 1 0, 1 arrived in Chau- mont on October 14th, 19 17, where I was assigned to the Second Section of the General Staff, or "Intelli- gence B, " as it was called at that time, retaining my rank as Sergeant in the Medical Reserve Corps. Early in December I was examined for a commission in the Corps of Interpreters and was made a Lieutenant in this Corps on December 8th. After a course of study at Chaumont and at Paris, lasting for several months, I was sent to Switzerland, as Assistant Military Attache to the American Legation in Berne, for the purpose of carrying on Secret Service work in that country. I remained at this post until two months after the armis- tice, when I was called to Paris and assigned to the Peace Conference. In February, 1919, I was sent to Munich by the Politi- PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 195 cal Information Section of the American Peace Com- mission. In this city I was present at the time of the murder of Eisner and the beginning of the revolution which reached its full height later in the spring. In March, however, I was recalled to Paris and at the request of the Peace Commission received my discharge from the Army on April 3rd, in order that I might go to Teschen as American Delegate to the Inter- Allied Com- mission for the control of Teschen. This Commission was operating in East Silesia in the name of the Peace Conference as de facto government in an attempt to keep the peace between the Czechs and the Poles, whose disputes over the railroad and coal mines of this ex- tremely rich region had reached a stage of open violence. At this post I remained until June 20th, when I returned to Paris to report on a possible solution for the partition of the territory. In Paris I remained for two months awaiting the decision of the Peace Conference, but as there appeared to be no immediate prospect of a solution — and indeed, no solution has as yet been reached — I decided that my services were superfluous and requested that I be sent home, where I arrived on August 26th, and terminated my connection with the Government. THE HOME UNIT A MOST invaluable auxiliary to the welfare of Base Hospital No. 10 was the Home Unit, organized among the relatives and friends of those who had gone over seas. It was organized at a meeting held at the house of Judge Norris S. Barratt, June 21, 191 7. This meeting was attended by about one hundred persons. The following officers were elected: Judge Barratt and Mr. Frank H. Rosengarten as an Advisory Board, and an Executive Committee con- sisting of Mrs. Franklin Bache, Mrs. William Redwood Wright, Miss Louise Bettman, Mrs. Norris S. Barratt, and Mrs. Arthur H. Gerhard, with Mrs. Howard E. Seaver as Treasurer, and Mrs. Henry S. Pancoast as Secretary. Arrangements were perfected so that the Home Unit would serve as a bureau of information to those desiring information about the affairs of Base Hospital No. 10, the correct method of forwarding letters or gifts, and how they could work for it. Many subse- quent meetings were held and a great amount of work done. The first Christmas passed by those in France was rendered happy by the thoughtful providence of the Home Unit. The latter undertook the gigantic task of 196 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 197 forwarding Christmas packages to all the members of the Hospital Unit. To accomplish this it was necessary to gather the gifts and pack them in September. As a result of the generous labor of the Home Unit every man and woman serving overseas received a Christmas package, and the pleasure they gave cannot be ade- quately described. In this connection the valuable aid of Queen Mary's Needlework Guild should be especially recalled. The Guild soon after the sailing of the Unit offered to forward parcels to any of its members, and they main- tained this kindly service as long as it was necessary. Another auxiliary to our work was the class held by Mrs. Curtis Patterson at the Parish House of St. James' Church, which forwarded great quantities of surgical dressings. The Home Unit was a great comfort and aid, not only to the men and women overseas but to their families at home. Every family who had a relative in Base Hospital No. 10 was presented with a window card bearing an inscription stating that a man, or if a nurse, a woman, from that house was serving in the United States Medical Corps in France. The members of the Home Unit felt towards one another as though they constituted one great big family with many members overseas, and the spirit of mutual helpfulness helped to tide them over many hard places. A special service for the Home Unit was held by the i 9 8 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 Reverend David M. Steele, at the Church of St. Luke and the Epiphany on Sunday afternoon, November 1 8, 191 7. The church was crowded and the beautiful service made a profound impression on those who were present. On October 25, 1919, a Memorial Meeting of the Home Unit was held in the Assembly Room of the Pennsylvania Hospital, and six trees were planted on the Hospital grounds, each dedicated to the memory of one of the six members of the Unit, who died while serving in France, namely: Kenneth B. Hay, died, November 29, 191 7. Helen Fairchild, died, January 18, 191 8. Paul N. Acosta, died, October 5, 19 18. James Allen, died, October 23, 19 18. Frank X. Dochney, died, October 25, 191 8. John Wesley Thomas, died, October 30, 191 8. CONTRIBUTORS MANY generous contributions were made by persons who were interested in the welfare of the Unit. Some of the donors desired to conceal their names and it is possible that in the accom- panying lists their names do not appear on this account. Two ambulances were provided, fully equipped, through the generous activity of Mr. William H. Kingsley. One of these ambulances was taken overseas and proved an invaluable adjunct in our work. The day before the Unit left Philadelphia it was realized that it possessed no flags. The regulation United States and Red Cross standards were promptly furnished by Mr. Walter Horst- mann and were carried at the head of the Unit when it marched through the streets of Liverpool on landing. The financial affairs of the Unit were managed throughout by Mr. Beauveau Borie, Jr. one of the Managers of the Pennsylvania Hospital. The debt of gratitude due him in this matter cannot be overesti- mated. The labor involved was very considerable and the responsibility great, largely owing to the variety of purposes for which the [money given was intended and to the irregularity with which it was given or received. To maintain a just position in the circum- 199 200 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 stances between the donors, the Unit, the American Red Cross and the Goverment, was not always easy and the tact and uprightness with which Mr. Borie performed his thankless task was notable. He volun- tarily gave up his cherished desire to go over-seas and remained where his duties were not only most onerous but absolutely essential to the welfare of the Unit. CONTRIBUTORS TO PENNYSLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 Biddle, Miss Emily W. Biddle, Mr. Lyman Biddle, Mr. Lynford Bodine, Mr. Samuel T. Bradley, Mrs. Susan H. Brown, Mr. John A. Carr, Mr. George M. Cassatt, Mrs. A. J. Catherwood, Mr. Wilson Clark, Mrs. C. Howard Clark, Mrs. E. Walter Colton, Mrs. Mary R. Cooke, Mr. Richard Y. Coxe, Mrs. Harry C. Cramp, Mrs. Theodore Curtis, Mr. Cyrus H. K. Downs, Mrs. Norton Drexel, Mrs. Drexel, Mrs. George W. Childs Greene, Mrs. William H. Guin, Mrs. John Hale, Mrs. James Hart, Dr. Charles D. Horner, Mr. Wm. McPherson Ketterlinus, Mrs. J. S. Ketterlinus, Mrs. E. B. Kingsley, Mr. Wm. H. Lea, Mrs. Charles M. Lewis, Miss Anna L. Lewis, Miss Nina Lewis, Mr. Samuel W. Liberty Typewriter Co. McKean, Mr. H. P. Meigs, Mr. William M. Mitchell, Mr. J. Kearsley Morton, Mr. A. V. Norris, Mrs. Charles Penrose, Mr. R. A. F., Jr. Rae, Mr. Samuel Rawle, Mrs. W. Brooks Rhoads, Mr. Charles J. Rhoads, Mrs. Charles J. Robins, Miss Helen ROSENGARTEN, Mr. F. H. Smith, Mrs. Philip Henry Spencer, Mr. Arthur Starr, Mr. Isaac T. Stork, Mrs. T. W. Stotesbury, Mr. E. T. :■ -^ Ambulance presented to the Pennsylvania Hospital Unit through the kindness of Mr. W. H. Kingsley of Philadelphia. Mobile Unit No. 8, U. S. A. PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 201 Stotesbury, Mrs. E. T. American Red Cross, S. E. Townsend, Mr. J. B., Jr. Penna. Chap. Turner, Mrs. William J. Interest, Guarantee Trust Vaux, Mrs. J. Waln Co. Welsh, Mr. Interest, Guarantee Trust Wentz, Mr. D. B. Co. REGISTRAR'S STATISTICS BRITISH GENERAL HOSPITAL NO. 1 6 France, June 13, 1017— to Feb. 4, 1919 Admissions Sick Wounded Month a ft O p-j u a a u J4 a u ft u a> en a •0 •a Total sick and wounded 1917 2IO 43 68 321 169 169 490 750 34 172 956 1,482 1,482 2,438 876 40 no 1 ,026 1,604 1,604 2,630 Sept 473 44 118 63s 1,177 i,i77 1,812 Oct 836 24 136 996 2, 119 2 2,121 3,n7 881 77 144 1, 102 992 2 994 2,096 Dec 588 80 115 783 I, 129 II 1,140 1,923 1018 812 no 83 1,005 192 192 1,197 Feb 476 25 80 581 120 120 701 Mar 630 49 91 770 1,947 1,947 2,717 502 137 522 1,161 539 653 1, 192 2,353 1,583 475 155 2,213 775 2 777 2,990 June 1, 100 864 75 2,039 224 3 227 2,266 July 1,264 323 112 1,699 499 499 2,198 1,618 56 137 1,811 3,682 3,682 5,493 Sept 1,835 85 7i 1,991 1,860 1,860 3,851 1,036 264 87 1,387 2,596 13 2,609 3,996 1,448 156 114 1,720 526 1 527 2,247 474 75 64 613 50 62 112 725 1010 1 664 SO 138 802 852 Feb 1 1 1 Venerels 560 I 560 560 Total 18,616 3,014 3,592 24,222 21,682 710 22,413 46,653 Table compiled by Private Joseph L. Strain. 202 REGISTRAR'S STATISTICS BRITISH GENERAL HOSPITAL NO. 1 6 France, JUNE 13, I917-TO Feb. X, 191s Discharges cfl >, > C O O 6 Sick Wounded •a a cs a) 5 g c •a o to Is aj Q •0 n «t "Si a W 4J O P. CO a d u "3 CO U Q ■a a d "So c W p. *s 6 1917 164 188 33 II 396 12 523 271 58 5 869I 1,265 2 July 2 308 295 69 1 xi 685 44 287 170 7 1 509I 1,194 1 8 Aug 1 322 396 in 6 836 19 1. 37i 686 146 6 2,228| 3,064 16 16 Sept 1 447 361 125 5 939 4 369 380 73 1 827| 1,766 n 10 Oct 2 540 329 92 1 13 970 33 i,3i5 660 81 32 2,I2l| 3,091 19 13 2 477 376 138 1 * 994 14 862 287 66 9 l,238| 2,232 8 10 Dec 1 323 332 175 1 19 850 24 866 566 1 45 39 1 i,54o| 2,390 9 10 1918 1 1 Jan 2 393 226 150 1 9 780 8 192 86 I 7 I 294I 1,074 5 6 Feb 2 320 241 155 1 31 749 1 119 54 1 10 I i85| 934 3 5 Mar 2 462 358 1 109 | 181 1, 112 21 1,007 416 25 498 i,967| 3,079 11 9 Apr 2 150 322 213 1 64 757 12 304 332 1 25 38 7ii| 1,486 8| 4 7 737 480 1 402 1 45 1,671 34 488 327 I 67 29 | 945| 2,616 15 1 I. 1 9 June 8 708 511 70s 220 2,152 4 259 209 1 57 4 | 533| 2,685 9 July 6 364 518 564 84 1,536 1 174 73 1 *7 1 266| 1,802 I8| 6 Aug 8 877 822 1 404 | 262 2,373 24 1,998 990 1 127 3 | 3,142! 5,515 26| 23 Sept 4 548 383 1 168 | 631 1,734 36 1,475 705 1 73 2 1 2,29l| 4,025 23 1 19 Oct 3i 566 418 1 246 95 1,356 72 1,584 495 I 72 8 I 2,23l| 3,587 23I 18 45 377 622 1 661 | 28 1,733 33 688 332 1 194 4 | i,25i| 2,984 I3| 9 Dec 8 291 42g 1 572 1 8r 1,381 2 no 18 1 56 l86| 1,567 3| 4 1919 1 1 1 1 1 4 627 1 1 178 | 35 845 3 1 1-- 1 4l 849I 3l 5 Feb 2 1 £ I 153 1 164 |.... 1 * | • 1 i6 4 | |.... | S60 | S60 | | !.. ■1 56o| | Total... 140 9,006 7,60c |5,27S |2,544 J24.573 398 14,004 7, 555 |l,207|68s |23,238|47,8n|236|l98 Table compiled by Private Joseph L. Strain. 203 ROSTER OF PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. io, U. S. A. May 18, 191 7 ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF Major Matthew A. DeLaney, Medical Corps, U. S. "Army, Commanding. Major Richard H. Harte, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army, Director. Captain N. L. McDiarmid, Medical Corps, U. S. Army, Adjutant. Captain H. L. Kidwell, Quartermaster's Reserve Corps, U. S. Army, Quartermaster. Major John H. Gibbon, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army, Chief of Surgical Service. Major George W. Norris, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army, Chief of Medical Service. PROFESSIONAL STAFF Captains Wm. J. Taylor, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. Francis R. Packard, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. J. E. Sweet, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. Wm. T. Shoemaker, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. Arthur Newlin, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. Charles F. Mitchell, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. Edward B. Hodge, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. Henry C. Earnshaw, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. John M. Cruice, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. 1st Lieutenants Edward Bell Krumbhaar, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. Norris W. Vaux, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. 204 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 205 William Drayton, Jr., Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. J. Howard Cloud, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. Arthur H. Gerhard, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. Frank C. Knowles, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. Henry K. Dillard, Jr., Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. Williams B. Cadwalader, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. John B. Flick, Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. Charles S. Jack, Dental Surgeon Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. Edwin Shoemaker, Dental Surgeon Reserve Corps, U. S. Army. Chaplain — Edward M. Jefferys, American Red Cross. reserve nurses, army nurse corps, u. s. army Chief Nurse — Margaret A. Dunlop Assistant Chief Nurse — Eva Gerhard NURSES Albright, Carrie S. Andrews, Martha M. Baird, Annie Beck, Nell Black, Selena Burkey, Florence M. Byer, Mary Carter, Helen Cole Cushen, Mary Dawson, Estelle L. Davis, Harriet Eckman, Elizabeth B. Edwards, Catharine K. Elliott, Bertha Ellis, Harriet Fairchild, Helen Faunce, Amanda D. Fidler, Sara A. French, Elizabeth Fuhrmann, Amina Gage, Helen (Mrs.) Gault, Jennie Grissinger, Olive Hacking, Helen Hanson, Ada Hendrickson, Georgia E. Hobbs, Ellen J. Hollings, Clara Hodgson, Mary Hood, Anna L. Holmes, Emily A. 2o6 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 Kleibscheidel, Utie Krumanocker, Lucy Krumanocker, Ruth lofgren, elma MacNeal, Jane C. McClelland, Helen Grace Moore, Edith M. O'Brien, Estelle Warner O'Neill, Elizabeth Powell, Elizabeth Phillips, Julia S. (Mrs.) Ralston, Alice Hough Reading, Romana Replogle, Effie Robelin, Caroline Rodgers, Mary L. SlLVERNELL, ELIZABETH G. Smith, S. Annabel Smith, Gertrude C. Smith, Helen Smith, May H. Stambaugh, Isabella Swartz, Ida M. Tomlinson, Ella H. Tait, Elizabeth M. Voltz, Elizabeth Voris, Sarah L. Wagner, Florence E. Williams, Hazel Zerbe, Mina Zimmerman, Ada Dietitian — Florence Bettman, American Red Cross CIVILIAN EMPLOYES [ Krumbhaar, Helen D., American Red Cross Secretaries j Harter, Ruth, American Red Cross 1 Farrell, Katherine G., American Red Cross THE HOSPITAL COMPANY ENLISTED FORCE, MEDICAL DEPT., U. S. ARMY Sergeants, ist Class Fenton, Wm. J. Harp, Lewis D. Reinhardt, James W. Sergeants Shean, Francis E. Cross, Raymond T. Brazwell, Joseph G. Cook Sturdwick, Albert J. medical enlisted reserve corps Sergeant, ist Class ROSENGARTEN, J. CLIFFORD Seaver, Howard E. Howe, George Sergeants Ryer, Harry T. Stanton, Harrison C. Privates Allwine, John A. Bache, Franklin, Jr. Baker, Otto E. Baldwin, Russell C. Barber, Paul M. Barratt, Thomas L. Bischoff, John P. Bischoff, Walter L. Black, Robert Bleloch, James C. Borie, Sewell W. J. Bowers, George C. Boyle, John Bradley, Hiram L. Brown, Harry V. Brown, Marlyn Privates Campbell, Charles R. Carpenter, Joseph G. Carroll, John M. Chaitt, William Chalk, Frank T. Chambers, David, Jr. Chapman, Samuel H., Jr. Cheston, James, 4th Chew, Earl O. Clanet, Philippe Clark, William, Jr. Clarke, Fred. Cochran, Jerrold S. Cornell, Horace H. Cresse, Charles J. Crider, Paul M. Dannehower, William F. Daubenspeck, Arthur R. Dejean, Frank 207 2o8 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 De Ritis, Francis J. De Shields, William L., Jr. DlFFENDAL, JOSEPH B. Dilks, Harry P., 2d Dochney, Frank X. Dooley, Daniel J. Downs, Stephen W. Droughman, Mark A. Dunham, Frank P. Ellis, George J. Ferry, Charles T. Filer, Wilbur Fine, John H., Jr. Foreman, Jacob Vickers Forgues, Joseph Fox, Elmer E. Garrett, Henry L. Gerhart, Harry E., Jr. Glenn, Thomas H., Jr. Granbow, Herbert W. Greene, Frank L. Greer, Francis C. Greer, Robert B. Grigg, Harold M. Gunthorp, William, Jr. Gurley, Richard H. Hagenbuch, Joseph S. Hamilton, Irwin Hammond, Jay W. Hartshorne, Charles Haslett, William C. Hathaway, Nathanil, Jr. Hay, Kenneth B. Heenan, Edward A. Heulings, Howard N. Hoffman, William A. Hoffman, Fenno Halloway, John W. Horstick, Walter K. Hurd, Fritz D. Jabaut, Seward W. Jones, Herbert L. Kellenbach, Paul E. Kendall, Louis D. Kendall, Charles W., Jr. Kirkbride, Myron W. Knapp, William C Kraft, Bayard R. Layman, Andrew J. Le Clereq, Jack C MacLachlan, James MacMillan, Ernest H, Magill, James P. Mangeng, Joseph G. Marren, John A. McCahan, William G. McCormick, Russell C McDonough, John C. Metz, Constantine L. Miller, John A. Milligan, Robert D. Mirkil, Harold H. Moore, Robert W. Moore, Willard B. Nichols, Ernest H. Noble, Bayard Pancoast, Charles E. Pack, John F., Jr. Paskey, Anthony J. Powell, Charles F. Price, Ferris L. Ramsey, Lawrence M. PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 209 Reeve, William F., 3D. SCHILLINGER, JOHN L. Schwartz, William L. Shaw, Ralph W. Shean, Louis V. Sheldon, Charles H. Sherwood, Lewis Shipley, Morris S., Jr. Shortall, Joseph P. Sibley, Francis L. Silvernail, Clarke H. Smith, Edward L., Jr. Smith, William B. Stanger, Charles S. Stief, David R. Stierlen, Henry F. Stinson, Leo F. Stoddart, Joseph T. Strain, Joseph L. Sullivan, Gerald J. Tasker, Charles J. Tate, John P. Thomas, John W. Thompson, Robert H., Jr. Timm, Frank C. Turner, Gildon E. Van Vliet, Morris E. Vizner, John W. Wack, John J. Wagner, Charles M. Ward, Ralph WlLFONG, WlLLARD N. Williams, Paul A. Wilson, George B. Witwer, Charles L. Wright, Howard G. Wright, Sydney L., Jr. Zerega, John W. 14 SUPPLEMENTARY PERSONNEL Joined the Unit Later in 1917 OFFICERS Captain J. Paul Austin 1st. Lieutenants Richard C. Beebe Wm. L. Cunningham Michael M. Nolan Adams, Lillian Acer, Charlotte Anderson, Sara Austin, Emma M. Bartlett, Ella (Mrs.) Beatty, Lorraine Bell, Sara 1st. Lieutenants Geo. W. Outerbridge Isaac B. Roberts William Whitaker H. B. Wilmer Hershey E. Orndoff nurses Eden, Marie C. (Mrs.) Edwards, Leta M. Fretz, Ida Garverich, Helene Gorrell, Nell Groben, Gertrude I. Bevelander, Grace W. (Mrs.) Groom, Mildred Blessing, Bertha G. Benton, Mary V. Brown, Mary E. Hartman, Stella Hershberger, Florence Holmes, Lizzie Carr, Rebecca J. Cole, Clara L. Conery, Martha G. Dailey, Sarah C. (Mrs.) Dardenne, Angele Detwiler, Sara Dunlop, Beatrice Inman, Nellie Kraemer, Elamina Lloyd, Imogene McCafferty, Annie PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 211 McCombe, Margaret McElhenney, Anna M. McElhenney, Maliss McIntosh, Rosalie McNichol, Susan Malcolm, Ethel Martin, Mrs. Mary M. Mast, Lucille Maxwell, Jane C. Meister, Olive Metz, Bessie Miller, Elsie B. Moore, Edith M. Murphy, Anna D. Obenchain, Edna Platt, Hazel Potter, Emma E. Powell, Margaret Price, Kathryn Rambo, Leslie Ravenel, Julia J. Richards, Sophia Safford, Elsie M. Shaw, Edith Smith, Addie Shortsleeves, Mary Updyke, Alyda Wallace, Zilla M. Waltimate, Caroline White, Mabel A. Whiteside, Florence Whitman, Irene ENLISTED MEN Armstrong, Nelson, Jr. Baker, Howard E. Bartlett, James H. Bollinger, J. Guy Brandon, Henry Brown, Harold G. Callahan, Arthur F. Calvert, Raymond H. Caulfield, Edw. James Cooper, Jack P. Cronne, Ernest E. Crossing, Cecil W. T. Crowell, Francis J. Derr, George R. duMarais, Maurice B. Dusseau, Edward E. Engelkraut, George Fallon, Frank J. Farmer, Fred. Harbolt, S. Norman Hedges, John Hoge, Thomas R. Horn, William A. Houseman, Charles M. Johnson, Albert D., Jr. LeBoutillier, Henry W. Lee, John Lee, Valentine B., Jr. Leech, Gordon McLaughlin, George J. MacKay, John R. MacMillan, John C. 2i2 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 MacMurray, Thomas Milligan, John Kelso Oberholtzer, Charles H. O'Brien, Patrick F. Ponsford, Walter W. Price, E. Melville Reagan, Penrose W. Rocap, Read Rodgers, John W. Rogers, Matthew J. Straub, Ralph Thompson, H. B. Buchanan, William G. Wilkins, W. C, Jr. Wright, Arthur SERVICES OF OFFICERS OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. io JAMES PAUL AUSTIN. Ordered into Service, August n, 1917. Captain. Major, Feb- ruary 17, 1919. Base Hospital No. 10, Medical and Surgical duties. 34th Division, B. E. F. Medical and Surgical work with 104th Field Ambulance and 43d Casualty Clearing Station. Regimental Medical Officer, I52d Royal Field Artillery and 226. Northumberland Fusiliers. Attached to Base Hospital No. 10, August 11, 191 7. Discharged at Camp Dix, April 22, 19 19. In service twenty- one months. RICHARD C. BEEBE. Ordered into Service, August 10, 191 7. First Lieutenant. Captain, February, 19 19. Surgical service Base Hospital No. 10. Attached to Base Hospital No. 10, August, 19 17. Discharged at Camp Dix, April 24, 1919. Twenty-one months in service. SAMUEL BRADBURY. Ordered into Service, May 5, 191 7. First Lieutenant. Captain, October 21, 19 18. Medical Officer, nth Engineers; recruiting duty May, camp June and July. Overseas July 14, 191 7. Cambrai offensive and defensive, 19 17. Oise-Aisne, August, 19 1 8. St. Mihiel, September, 19 18. Medical Ward service at Base Hospital No. 10. Attached to Base Hospital No. 10, October 19, 191 8. Discharged at Camp Dix, April 22, 19 19. WILLIAMS B. CADWALADER. Ordered into Service, May 1, 19 17. First Lieutenant. Captain, December, 1917. Major, July, 1918. Neurologist, Base 213 2i 4 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 Hospital No. 10. Consultant in Neurology and Psychiatry. Office of Medical and Surgical Consultant, Neuf-Chateau. Discharged February 19, 191 9. Twenty-one months in service. JOSEPH HOWARD CLOUD. Ordered into Service, May 15, 191 7. First Lieutenant. Captain, October 1, 191 8. Major, February 20, 1919. Medical wards, June-October, 19 17. Laboratory work, October, 1917-JuIy, 1 9 18. Isolation division, July, 1918-December, 19 18. Medical wards, December, 19 18 to closing of hospital. Discharged at Camp Dix, April 22, 1919. In service twenty- three months. JOHN M. CRUICE. Ordered into Service, May 15, 191 7. Captain. Major, August 28, 1918. In charge of Medical Huts, Base Hospital No. 10. Division Medical Gas Officer, 78th Division, A. E. F. October 18-December 1, 19 18. Division Supervisor of Bathing and Delousing, December 1, 1918-January 29, 19 19. Division Supervisor of Bathing and Delousing, 85th Division, Feb- ruary 2, 1919-February 24, 19 19. Discharged at Camp Dix, March 19, 19 19. In service twenty- two months. JOHN RUMSEY DAVIES, JR. Ordered into Service, July 1, 191 8. First Lieutenant. Otologist and Laryngologist, Base Hospital No. 10. Detached, February 15, 19 1 9 for duty St. Aignan-Noyes. Attached Base Hospital No. 10, August 29, 1918. Discharged at Camp Dix, April 1, 19 19. Ten months in service. MATTHEW A. DELANEY, M. C, U. S. A. Ordered into Service with Base Hospital No. 10, May 1, 19 17. Major. Lieut. Colonel, May 15, 191 7. Colonel, December 22, 19 1 7. Commanding Officer Base Hospital No. 10. U. S. Liason Officer, British War Office, March 12, 19 18. Mentioned in dispatches by Field Marshall Sir Douglas Haig, December 29, 19 17. Decorated by the Prince of Wales with PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 215 the Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George. Also British Campaign Medal. HENRY DILLARD. Ordered into Service, May 5, 191 7. First Lieutenant. Captain, April 16, 19 1 8. Major, October 16, 19 18. Surgical and Medical work with Base Hospital No. 10. Medical Officer at Tank Base at Mers two weeks. March 21, 19 18, sent to No. 32 C. C. S. at Marchelot, later attached to Stationary Hospital 41 at Cerisy. Wounded in Amiens, March 26, 19 18. Evacuated to England April 4. Patient in Prince of Wales Hospital, London, until June 5, 19 18. Appointed Commanding Officer to American Red Cross Convalescent Hospital 101 at Leng- field, Surrey. In charge of Hospital 101 from that date to September 1, 191 8. Returned to France September 6, 19 18. 1 st Division, B. E. F., attached to No. 2 Field Ambulance and took part in engagements until armistice. October 31, 1 9 1 8, sent to 6th Battalion Welsh Regiment and later appointed Medical Officer in charge 6th Welsh Regiment. Accompanied them on march to Germany, November 14, to December 23. With Army of Occupation in area of 1st Division, B. E. F., from December 23, 1918, to April 4, 1919. Ordered back to A. E. F. on that date. Reported to Savenay April 8, 19 19, and sailed for U. S. A. May 3, 1919. Discharged at Camp Dix, May 13, 19 19. WILLIAM DRAYTON, JR. Ordered into Service, May 6, 191 7. First Lieutenant. Captain, October, 19 18. Medical and Surgical work; Isolation Depart- ment, and Registrar at Base Hospital No. 10. Base Hospital No. 8, A. E. F., Psychiatric Department. Red Cross Military Hospital, MaghuII, England. Discharged July 8, 1919. Twenty-six months in service. HENRY CULP EARNSHAW. Ordered into Service,May 15,1917. First Lieutenant. Captain, September 10, 1917. Major, February 24, 1919. Medical Service at Base Hospital No. 10. Consultant in general 216 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 medicine to the 6th Army Corps, in the St. Mihiel Sector; after armistice, Luxembourg and Germany, A. E. F. Discharged at Philadelphia, Pa., April 15, 1919. JOHN BERNARD FLICK. Ordered into Service, May 15, 19 17. First Lieutenant. Captain, February 17, 19 19. Surgical Assistant, Base Hospital No. 10. British General Hospital No. 3, September-October, 19 17, surgical work. Medical Officer Tank Reinforcement Depot, February-March, 1918. British Surgical Team No. 23, C. C. S., August 25, to November 13, 19 18. Discharged at Camp Dix, April 23, 191 9. Twenty-three months in service. JOHN H. GIBBON. Ordered into Service, May 15, 191 7. Major. Lieut. Colonel, June, 1 91 8. Colonel, November, 19 18. Surgical Service at Base Hospital No. 10. C. C. S. No. 61, October and November, 19 1 7. Permanent detachment, December, 191 7. Assigned as Consultant in Surgery in the A. E. F. and served in the Toul Sector to the 1st, 26th, and 82d Divisions and later the Fourth Corps. On October 26, 19 18, was sent as Surgical Consultant to the American Hospitals in England. Arrived in New York December 26, 191 8, on Hospital Ship Saxonia. Discharged at Washington, D. C, January 4, 19 19. In service nineteen months. ARTHUR HOWELL GERHARD. Ordered into Service, May 5, 19 17. First Lieutenant. Medical work with Base Hospital No. 10. Medical and Sanitation work elsewhere. December, 191 7, to March, 191 8, attached as Medical Officer Tank Corps, B. E. F. Discharged at Camp Dix, April 23, 19 19. Twenty-three months in service. ROBERT BRATTON GREER. Ordered into Service, May 7, 191 7. Private. Corporal, March, 19 1 8. Sergeant, April, 1918. Sergeant 1st Class, August, 19 18. PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 217 First Lieutenant Sanitary Corps, November 25, 19 18. Orderly, O. C.'s Clerk, Sanitary Officer, at Base Hospital No. 10. Discharged at Camp Dix, April 22, 19 19. Twenty-three months in service. JOSEPH SELIGMAN HAGENBUCH. Ordered into Service, May 5 or 7, 19 17. Private. First Lieu- tenant, Sanitary Corps, May, 191 8. Captain, S. C, December, 1 91 8. Dispensary work at Base Hospital No. 10. Medical Supply department, Sanitary Corps. Still in France as Captain in the Red Cross, in charge of their station at St. Sulpice, France. Discharged at Coblentz, September, 19 19. RICHARD H. HARTE. Ordered into Service, May 15, 191 7. Major Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. A. Lt. Colonel, May, 1918. Colonel, October 23, 19 18. Director and Commanding Officer, Base Hospital No. 10. Assistant Director Surgical Service in France. November, 1918, Walter Reed Hospital, Washington, D. C. Mentioned in dispatches by General Sir Douglas Haig. Medal Companion St. Michael and St. George. British War Medal. Citation by General Pershing. Order of Leopold by the Belgian Government. Discharged January 31, 1919. In service twenty months. EDWARD BLANCHARD HODGE. Ordered into Service, May 15, 19 17. Lieutenant U. S. Reserve Corps. Captain, September 10, 19 17. Major, September 24, 1 91 8. Lt. Colonel, February 17, 191 9. Surgeon in charge of Ward Group, Base Hospital No. 10. Commanding Officer Mobile Hospital No. 8, A. E. F., at Paris, September 15- October 13, 19 18. Commanding Officer Mobile Hospital No. 8, 1st Army, October 13, 19 18, to January 11, 19 19, at Deux Noeuds devant Brangee, Exermont, Vanneus and Joinville haute Marne. Discharged at Camp Dix, April 22, 19 19. In service twenty- three months. 218 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 GEORGE HOWE. Ordered into Service, May 7, 191 7. Private, U. S. M. R. C. Sergeant, 1st Class, May 19, 191 7. First Lieutenant, Corps of Interpreters, December 8, 19 17. In charge of Registrar's Office, Base Hospital No. 10. Intelligence Section, G. H. Q., A. E. F., October 14, 1917 to April 4, 1918. Assistant Military Attache, Berne, Switzerland, April 4, 19 18, to January 10, 1919. A. P. C. Political Intelligence Section, January 10 to August 26. From April 4 to August 26, 19 19, served with the A. P. C. as civilian with post as American Commissioner on the Interallied Commission for the Control of Teschen. Discharged in France, April 4, 1919. In service twenty-three months. CHARLES S. JACK. Ordered into Service, May 4, 191 7. First Lieutenant. Major, February 10, 191 8. Lt. Colonel, February 2, 19 19. Dental Surgeon, Base Hospital No. 10. Discharged at Camp Dix, April 22, 19 19. Twenty-three months in service. EDWARD MILLER JEFFERYS (S. T. D.) Ordered into Service, May 3, 19 17. Chaplain. First Lieutenant, October 29, 19 18. Captain, November 13, 1919. Chaplain of Base Hospital No. 10 and Church of England Chaplain of No. 16 General and Isolation Division. Chaplain's School, St. Omer and distribution of Nurses various C. C. S.'s in Flanders, Autumn, 19 17. Temporary Chaplain, B. R. C. No. 10, General Hospitals 47 and 3, Canadian 3, British Labor Battalions, Australian Infantry, British Tanks. Evacuation Hospital 18, Second Army, A. E. F., in Lorraine, December 24, 19 1 8, to January 8, 19 19. Headquarters Third Army, A. E. F., Coblenz, Germany, January 8, 19 19, to March 4, 1919. Discharged at Boston, Mass., May 7, 19 19. In service twenty- four months and five days. PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 219 PETER McCALL KEATING. Ordered into Service, October 21, 19 16. First Lieutenant, M. R. C. Captain, June 29, 19 17. Adjutant and Company Commander; Summary Court Officer, Base Hospital No. 10. H. S. A. T. 1st Division, Surgeon. A. R. C. M. H. No. 1. M. H. No. 8. Head of Surgical Team. Attached to Base Hospital No. 10, January, 19 19. Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., April 18, 1919. In service thirty months. HERBERT L. KIDWELL. Ordered into Service, May 3, 191 7. Captain. Major, September 7, 19 1 8. Lt. Colonel, February 17, 191 9. Quartermaster at Base Hospital No. 10. Depot Q. M. Advance Q. M. Depot No. 1, Is-sur-tille. Relieved as Q. M., Base Hospital No. 10, December 1, 19 17. Commissioned service continuous to date. FRANK CROZIER KNOWLES. Ordered into Service, May 15, 19 17. First Lieutenant. Captain, November 13, 1917. Major, February 20, 1919. Lt. Colonel, June 18, 19 1 9. Dermatologist at Base Hospital No. 10. Consultant in Dermatology, A. E. F., July, 19 18, to De- cember, 19 1 8. Discharged at the Office of the Surgeon General, Washington, D. C, May 26, 1919. In service twenty-four and a half months. EDWARD BELL KRUMBHAAR. Ordered into Service, May 15, 1917. Lieutenant. Captain, October 6, 19 17. Major, February 17, 19 19. Pathologist at Base Hospital No. 10. Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., April 22, 19 19. EDWARD G. LATZ. Ordered into Service, December 4, 19 13. Private. Sergeant, March 9, 19 17. Sergeant, 1st Class, March 4, 191 8. 2d Lieu- tenant Sanitary Corps, October 26, 19 18. Served in Punitive Expedition, Mexico, March 17, 191 6, to February 5, 191 7. 220 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 Served with 15th Field Artillery, A. E. F., December 25, 19 1 7, to November 14, 1918. Attached to Base Hospital No. 10, November 17, 191 8, as Sanitary Officer, and served with that organization until April 22, 1919. Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., April 22, 1919. In service five years and four months. NORMAN L. McDIARMID, M. C, U. S. A. Ordered into Service with Base Hospital No. 10, May 4, 191 7. Captain. Major, May 15, 19 17. Lt. Colonel, June 13, 19 18, to rank from January 9, 191 8. Colonel, May 5, 19 19. Adjutant, Base Hospital No. 10. Supply Desk, Chief Surgeon's Office, A. E. F. Division Surgeon, 90th Division. CHARLES FRANKLIN MITCHELL. Ordered into Service, May 15, 191 7. First Lieutenant. Captain, October 4, 19 17. Major, June 28, 19 18. Lt. Colonel, February 26, 1919. In charge of Surgical wards No. 4, 5, 6, 7, and A & D Hut, at Base Hospital No. 10. Also of Surgical Division. In Command of Unit from November 4, 1918. Attached C. C. S. No. 61, B. E. F., July 21, 1917, to October 6, 1917. Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., April 22, 19 19. In service twenty-three months. ARTHUR NEWLIN. Ordered into Service, May 15, 191 7. First Lieutenant. Captain, September 9, 191 7. Major, October 1, 19 18. Medical Director. Chief Medical Director, March, 19 18, to February, 19 19, Base Hospital No. 10. Attached to C. C. S. No. 61, October and November, 19 17. Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., April 15, 1919. In service twenty-three months. MICHAEL McCORMACK NOLAN. Ordered into Service, August 11, 19 17. First Lieutenant. Captain, June 21, 19 18. Major, February 17, 19 19. Medical and Surgical services at Base Hospital No. 10. Surgical Service, British General Hospital No. 3. 23 Field Hospital, Surgical. 2d Middlesex Regiment, Medical Officer. 13 R. G. Artillery, PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 221 Medical Officer. 14th Engineers, U. S., Medical Officer. Mobile Hospital No. 8, U. S., Medical service. Attached Base Hospital No. 10, September 2, 191 7. Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., April 17, 19 19. In service twenty months. GEORGE WILLIAM NORRIS. Ordered into Service, May 15, 1917. Captain. (First Lieu- tenant, M. R. C, May 12, 191 1.) Major, September 10, 191 7. Lt. Colonel, June 6, 191 8. Colonel, November 16, 1918. Chief of Medical Division, Base Hospital No. 10. Toul Sector, Medical Consultant, 4th Army Corps. Lecturer, Sanitary School at Langies. Chief Medical Consultant, Base Section 3, (England). C. O. Troops Hospital Ship Saxonia. Discharged at Hoboken, December 27, 191 8. In service nine- teen months. Re-commissioned Colonel, M. R. C, inactive list, February, 1919. GEORGE WHITNEY OUTERBRIDGE. Ordered into Service, August 11, 191 7. First Lieutenant. Captain, October 8, 191 8. Chiefly Surgical Ward dressings at Base Hospital No. 10. Medical work at Stationary Hospital No. 5, B. E. F., Dieppe, February 15, 1918, to March 30, 1 91 8. Mobile Hospital No 8, A. E. F., October 8, 19 18, to January 13, 1919. Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., April 22, 19 19. In service twenty months. FRANCIS RANDOLPH PACKARD. Ordered into Service, May 15, 191 7. First Lieutenant. Captain, September 20, 1917. Major, October 1, 1918. Laryngologist and Otologist to Base Hospital No. 10. Anesthetist at British C. C. S. No. 61, July 21, 19 17, to October 6, 1917. Centre Consultant in Otology and Laryngology, District of Paris, September 11, 191 8, to December 27, 19 18. Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., January 25, 1919. In service twenty months and ten days. 222 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 LAWRENCE M. RAMSEY. Ordered into Service, May 7, 191 7. Private. Second Lieu- tenant, July 10, 19 1 8. Acting Liaison officer and Ammunition officer with 26th Division, 103d Field Artillery. Went into the Chateau Thierry-Aisne offensive. St. Mihiel offensive. Meuse-Argonne battle. Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., May 16, 19 19. ISAAC BURTON ROBERTS. Ordered into Service, August 11, 19 17. First Lieutenant. Captain, August 18, 19 18. Medical Division and Isolation Division, Base Hospital No. 10. Six weeks with No. 3 British General Hospital, Le Treport, September and October, 191 7. Anesthetist in British C. C. S.'s August 25 to November 13, 19 1 8. Attached to Base Hospital No. 10, August 11, 191 7. Discharged at St. Aignan, France, March 9, 1919. In service nineteen months. J. CLIFFORD ROSENGARTEN. Ordered into Service, May 7, 19 17. Private. Sergeant, 1st Class, May 23, 19 17. 2d Lieutenant, Courier Service, at Tours, November 20, 191 8. Discharged at Tours, November 20, 191 8. Twenty-seven months in service. HOWARD EWES SEAVER. Ordered in Service, May 9, 19 17. Private. 2d Lieutenant, Q. M. C, Dec. 9, 19 1 8. Assistant Quartermaster and Quarter- master, Base Hospital No. 10. Discharged at Camp Dix, April 21, 19 19. In service twenty- three months. EDWIN SHOEMAKER. Ordered into Service, May 15, 1917. First Lieutenant. Captain, February 10, 19 18. Major, February 17, 19 19. Dental Surgeon, Base Hospital No. 10. Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., April 22, 1919. PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 223 WILLIAM TOY SHOEMAKER. Ordered into Service, May 15, 191 7. First Lieutenant. Captain, September 4, 19 17. Major, September 3, 191 8. Opthalmic Surgeon at Base Hospital No. 10. Consultant Opthalmologist. November, 19 18, to Consultant Staff, Base Section No. 3, London, A. E. F. Discharged from service at Hoboken, December 30, 1918. In service nineteen and one-half months. JOHN SPEESE. Ordered into Service, July 14, 19 17. First Lieutenant. Captain, November 4, 19 17. Major, February 17, 19 19. Operating Team, A. E. F.; Champagne, Marne, St. Mihiel. Director, Surgical Service, Mobile Hospital No. 8, Argonne. Attached to Base Hospital No. 10, January 9, 19 19. Citation by General Pershing for work in Champagne with Mobile Hospital No. 2. Discharged at Camp Dix, April 23, 19 19. In service twenty- two months. JOSHUA EDWIN SWEET Ordered into Service, May 15, 19 17. Captain. Major, No- vember 24, 1917. Lt. Colonel, February 17, 19 19. Surgical Service and Research at Base Hospital No. 10. Designated as Consultant in Research, A. E. F., July 23, 1918. Research work on various surgical problems. Discharged at Camp Dix, April 22, 19 19. In service twenty- three months. WILLIAM JOHNSON TAYLOR. Ordered into Service, May 15, 19 17. First Lieutenant, Captain, September 10, 191 7. Major, January 9, 191 8. Lt. Colonel, November 11, 19 18. Surgeon and afterwards Senior Surgeon in charge of Base Hospital No. 10. Detached December 31, 191 8, and ordered to Savenay and home, leaving Le Treport, January 12, 19 19. Discharged at Washington, D. C, February 14, 1919. In service twenty-one months. 224 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 NORRIS WISTAR VAUX. Ordered into Service, May 15, 191 7. First Lieutenant. Captain, October 5, 191 8. Major, March 29, 1919. Surgical Service and adjutant at Base Hospital No. 10. Ordered to C. C. S. July 4 191 7, on Surgical team. Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., April 23, 1919. In service twenty-three months WILLIAM WHITAKER. First Lieutenant. Captain, August 20, 1918. On duty in Surgical Section of Base Hospital No. 10. Attached there September 7, 191 7. Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., April 22, 1919. In service twenty months. HARRY BOND WILMER. Ordered into Service, August 12, 19 17. First Lieutenant. Captain, October 28, 191 8. Medical Officer on Medical Service; Sanitary Officer; Detachment Commander; Adjutant; Officer in charge of Entertainment, Base Hospital No. 10. Adjutant Mobile Hospital No. 8, A. E. F. Discharged at Camp Dix, N. J., April 19, 19 19. GEORGE B. WILSON. Ordered into Service, May 7, 191 7. Private. Corporal, August 4, 191 7. Sergeant, September 10, 191 7. Sergeant, 1st Class, December 15, 1917. Hospital Sgt., May, 1918. 2d Lieutenant, Sanitary Corps, November 25, 19 18. Messenger; Ward- master and Adjutant at Base Hospital No. 10. Discharged at Camp Dix, April 22, 1919. In service twenty- three and one-half months. NURSING PERSONNEL OF PENNSYL- VANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 LIST OF ORIGINAL SIXTY-FOUR NURSES Graduates of Pennsylvania Hos- pital Dunlop, Margaret A. (Chief Nurse) Gerhard, Eva (Assistant Chief Nurse) Andrews, Martha M. Beck, Nell Black, Selena Carter, Helen Cole Dawson, Estelle M. Davis, Harriet Edwards, Katharine Eckman, Elizabeth B. French, Elizabeth Fairchild, Helen Faunce, Amanda D. Grissinger, Olive M. Gage, Helen L., Mrs. Hood, Anna Holmes, Emily A. Hacking, Helen H. Hanson, Ada Krumanocker, Lucy Krumanocker, Ruth lofgren, elma Moore, Edith M. MacNeal, Jane C. McClelland, Helen G. O'Neill, Elizabeth O'Brien, Estelle W. Powell, Elizabeth Ralston, Alice H. Reading, Romana Rodgers, Mary L. Replogle, Effie Smith, May H. SlLVERNELL, ELIZABETH G. Tomlinson, Ella H. Voris, Sara L. Wagner, Florence E. Williams, Hazel Zerbe, Mina Graduates of Germantown Hos- pital Albright, Carrie S. Ellis, Harriet Gault, Jennie Smith, Gertrude Voltz, Elizabeth Graduates of German Hospital Hollings, Clara Hodgson, Mary H. Elliott, Bertha 15 225 226 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 Graduates of Jewish Hospital Baird, Annie Byer, Mary Graduates of Jefferson Hospital Smith, Helen Cushen, Mary Zimmerman, Ada Hobbs, Ellen J. Graduates of Polyclinic Hospital Fidler, Sara A. Fuhrmann, Amina Kleibscheidel, Utie Hendrickson, Georgia E. Tait, Elizabeth M. Graduates oj Presbyterian Hos- pital Robelen, Caroline Stambaugh, Isabelle Graduates oj Hahneman Hospital Smith, S. Annabel Graduates oj Medico-Cbi. Hos- pital Swartz, Ida M. Graduates oj Reading Hospital, Pa. Burkey, Florence M. Graduates oj Metropolitan Hos- pital, N. Y. Phillips, Julia S., Mrs. civilians Dietetian — Bettman, Florence Lab. Tech. — Krumbhaar, Helen D., Mrs. Stenographers — Farrell, Katherine Harter, Ruth RE-INFORCEMENTS ADDED LATER July 18, 1917 Hopkins, Sara S. McElhenney, Maliss Obenchain, Edna Ravenel, Julia J. Wolfe, Katherine September 21, 19 17 Adams, Lillian M. Bartlett, Ella B., Mrs. (Pa. Hosp.) Bell, Sarah C. Benton, Mary V. Brown, Mary E. Blessing, Bertha G. Cole, Clara L. Dardenne, Angele (Pa. Hosp.) Detwiler, Sara Eden, Marie C, Mrs. Edwards, Leta M. Fretz, Ida E. Hershberger, Florence M. (Pa. Hosp.) PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 227 Holmes, Lizzie Inman, Nellie C. (Pa. Hosp.) Kreamer, Elimina R. Lloyd, Imogene D. (Pa. Hosp.) Mast, Lucile Maxwell, Jane (Pa. Hosp.) Malcolm, Ethel Miller, Elsie B. Metz, Bessie A. Murphy, Anna D. McCombe, Margaret McElhenney, Anna M. McNichol, Susan Shaw, Edith Smith, Addie Whitman, Irene woltemate, caroline k. June 20, 19 1 8 Ager, Charlotte W. Austin, Emma M. Bevelander, Grace W., Mrs. Conery, Martha G. Garverich, Helene M. Hartman, Stella M. Martin, Mary, Mrs. Powell, Margaret B. Rambo, Leslie A. Updyke, Alida. October 6, 19 18 Anderson, Sarah E. Beatty, Lorraine Carr, Rebecca J. Dunlop, Beatrice M. Gorrell, Nell Groban, Gertrude T. Groom, Mildred Laird, Annie M. McCafferty, Annie M. McIntosh, Rosalie (Pa. Hosp.) Meister, Olive M. Potter, Emma Rogers, Mary J. Richards, Sophia M. Safford, Elsie M. Wallace, Zilla M. White, Mabel A. Shortsleeves, Mary Platt, Hazel Price, Kathryn December 27, 19 18, from Rouen Dailey, Sarah C, Mrs. NURSES OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10, U. S. A., TRANSFERRED DURING THE BIG EVACU- ATION APRIL 4, 191 8 TO APRIL 20, 191 8 NURSES TRANSFERRED TO BECOME NURSING PERSONNEL OF MOBILE HOSPITAL NO. 8, A. E. F., OCTOBER I, 1918 Eden, Marie C, Mrs. (Chief Nurse). Benton, Mary V. Black, Selena Carter, Helen C. Detwiler, Sara C. Edwards, Katherine Hobbs, Ellen J. Holmes, Emily A. Inman, Nellie C. Kleibscheidel, Utie Kreamer, Elimina McNichol, Susan O'Brien, Estelle W. Powell, Elizabeth M. Phillips, Julia S., Mrs. Smith, Addie Tait, Elizabeth M. Tomlinson, Ella B. Whitman, Irene woltemate, caroline k. Zerbe, Mina NURSES TRANSFERRED TO BASE HOSPITAL NO. 12, B. E. F., ROUEN, FRANCE, APRIL 4 TO APRIL 20 IQl8 Gerhard, Eva (In Charge) Albright, Carrie S. Baird, Annie Byer, Mary Cushen, Mary Davis, Harriet Elliott, Bertha Ellis, Harriet Gage, Helen L., Mrs. Smith, Helen Miller, Elsie B. O'Neill, Elizabeth Swartz, Ida M. Whitman, Irene Zimmerman, Ada 228 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 229 NURSES TRANSFERRED TO BASE HOSPITAL NO. 9, B. E. F., ROUEN, APRIL 4 TO APRIL 20, I918 Eden, Marie C, Mrs. (In Charge) Bell, Sara C. Benton, Mary V. Blessing, Bertha G. Cole, Clara L. Detwiler, Sara L. Edwards, Leta M. Fretz, Ida M. Holmes, Lizzie Kreamer, Elimina McElhenney, Anna M Mast, Lucile McNichol, Susan Malcolm, Ethel L. Woltemate, Caroline nurses transferred to base hospital no. 1, b. e. etretat, april 4 to april 20, i918 F., AT MacNeal, Jane C. (In Charge) Burkey, Florence M. Fidler, Sara A. Fuhrmann, Amina Hacking, Helen H. Hobbs, Ellen J. Hopkins, Sara S. Inman, Nellie S. Lloyd, Imogene D. Ob enchain, Edna Powell, Elizabeth Replogle, Effie Smith, Addie Tomlinson, Ella D. Wolfe, Katherine NURSES WHO LEFT THE UNIT BY TRANS- FER, DEATH, OR RESIGNATION Fairchild, Helen, death, January 18, 1918, at 11.21 a. m. Voltz, Elizabeth, resigned, April 10, 19 18, to be married to Col. DeLaney. Cushen, Mary, transferred to A. E. F. No. 6 Evacuation Hospital, A. E. F. July 29, 19 1 8. Wolfe, Katherine, transferred to Base Hospital No. 34, A. E. F., July 10, 19 1 8. NURSES TRANSFERRED AFTER THE ARMISTICE TO HOSPITAL CENTER BAZOILLES-SUR-MEUSE, JAN. 10, I919 Albright, Carrie S. Maxwell, Jane C. Anderson, Sarah E. Moore, Edith M. Beatty, Lorraine Platt, Hazel Gault, Jennie Price, Katherine Groben, Gertrude I. Richards, Sophia M. Groom, Mildred Rogers, Mary J. Hershberger, Florence Wallace, Zilla Whiteside, Florence to no. 87 camp hospital, a. e. f. jan. 9, i919 Bevelander, Grace, Mrs. McCafferty, Anna Hartman, Stella Powell, Margaret to base hospital no. 103, a. e. f., at dijon, france, jan. ii, i919 Dunlop, Beatrice * Inman, Nellie C. Meister, Olive M. Safford, Elsie M. TO BASE SECTOR NO. 4, A. E. F. Davis, Harriet, January 6, 19 19 Hacking, Helen H., February 5, 19 19 to Base Sector 5, A. E. F. 230 OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN WHO RETURNED WITH THE UNIT Lt. Colonel, Charles F. Mitchell, M.C, Commanding Officer MEDICAL CORPS Lt. Colonels Hodge, Edward B. Sweet, Joshua E. Majors Austin, James P. Cloud, Joseph H. Knowles, Frank C. Krumbhaar, Edward M. Nolan, Michael M. Speese, John Vaux, Norris W. Captains Beebe, Richard C. Captains Bodine, Francis S. Bradbury, Samuel H. Flick, John B. Keating, Peter M. Outerbridge, George W. Whitaker, William Wilmer, Harry B. i st Lieuts. Bader, Ellis R. Cunningham, William L. Feldman, Maurice Gerhard, Arthur H. dental corps Lt. Colonel, Charles S. Jack Major, Edwin Shoemaker SANITARY CORPS ist Lieut., Robert B. Greer 2d Lieuts., Edward G. Latz Wilson, George B. quartermaster corps 2d Lieut., Howard E. Seaver 231 232 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 ENLISTED MEN Master Hospital Sergeants McCahan, William C. Reinhart, James W. Hospital Sergeant Lee, John SergeantSt ist Class Cornell, Horace H. Grambow, Herbert W. Kendall, Charles W., Jr. Kraft, Bayard R. Magill, James P. Reagan, Penrose W. Reeve, William F. Shaw, Ralph W. Snay, Ora E. Stanton, Harrison C. Wilfong, Millard N. Witwer, Charles L. Sergeants Baker, Otto E. Bowers, George B. Boyle, John Brandon, Henry Callahan, Arthur F. Cooper, Jack P. Cresse, Charles J. Ferry, Charles T. Fleming, George D. Glenn, Thomas H, Jr. Greene, Frank L. Hammond, Jay W. Hoffman, William A. LeBoutillier, Henry W. Leech, Gordon McLaughlin, George J. MacMillan, Ernest H. Sergeants Mirkil, Harold H. O'Day, John B. Paskey, Anthony J. Rohland, Louis O. Schillinger, John L. Sessions, Benjamin F. Sherwood, Lewis Sibley, Francis L. Stanger, Charles S. Stief, David R. Straub, Ralph Wagner, Charles M. Williams, Paul A. Wilkins, Walter C, Jr. Corporals Bartlett, James H. Burns, William Chew, Earl O. Heenan, Edward A. Houseman, Charles M. Metz, Constantine L. Moore, Willard B. Stierlen, Henry E. Thompson, Harry B. Tucker, Frank L. Cooks Angel, James J. Baldwin, Russel C. Barber, Paul M. Caulfield, Edward J. Clanet, Phillippe DeShields, William L., Jr. Englekraut, George Fergues, Joseph PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 233 Cooks Foster, George T. Kallenbach, Paul E. Noble, Bayard Sheain, Louis V. Wagoner McDonough, John C. Privates, 1st Class Armstrong, Nelson, Jr. Bache, Franklin, Jr. Barrett, Thomas L. Berg, Teddy Bischoff, John P. Black, Robert Borie, Sewell W. J. Bradley, Hiram L. Brown, Harold G. Brown, Harry V. Buchanan, William C. Bull, Donald L. Calloway, William B. Campbell, Charles R. Chaitt, William Chalk, Frank T. Chapman, Samuel H., Jr. Cheston, James 4th Clark, William J. Crossing, Cecil W. T. Crowell, Francis J. Daubenspeck, Authur B. Daugherty, Arthur DeRitis, Francis J. Derr, George R. Dilkes, Harry P., id Ellis, George J. Fali on, Frank J. Fennelly, Walter J. Private 1st Class Filer, Wilber Fine, John H., Jr. Foreman, Jacob Garrett, Henry L. Harbolt, Samuel N. Hartshorne, Charles Haslett, William C. Hathaway, Nathaniel, Jr. Haussler, Dana O. Hedges, John Heulings, Howard N. Hoffman, Fenno Hoge, Thomas R. Horn, William A. Horstick, Walter K. Jabaut, Seward W. Jackson, William Johnson, Albert D., Jr. Kendall, Louis D. KlRKBRIDE, MYREN D. Kuhns, John Layman, Andrew J. MacMillan, John C. MacMurray, Thomas Marren, John A. Miller, John A. Milligan, John K. Moore, Robert W. Oberholtzer, Charles H. O'Brien, Patrick F. Ponsford, Walter W. Rogers, John W. Relnewitch, Joseph J. Shipley, Morris S. Shortall, Joseph P. 234 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 Privates, ist Class Smith, William B. Stephens, John A. Stoddart, Joseph T. Strain, Joseph L. Tate, John P. Till, Rex Timm, Frank C. Turlington, Jesse E. Turner, Gildon E. VanVliet, Morris E. Wack, John J. Ward, Ralph Wright, Arthur P. Privates Allwine, John A. Anderson, Andrew B. Anderson, Russell O. Beiswanger, Frederick J. Benemi, John Budge, Herbert Conrey, John T. Donovan, John J. Dusseau, Edward E. Frymyer, Guy Gould, Clarence D. Gunthrop, William P., Jr. Hartnett, Frederick W. Johnson, Nathan A. McLeed, John B. Thompson, Fred H. Thompson, Robert H., Jr. Toomey, John R. Townsend, Willard N. Vizner, John W. Wilson, Walter H. Wingler, Frank J. NURSES WHO RETURNED WITH THE UNIT Major Arthur Newlin, M. C, U. S. A., Commanding Margaret A. Dunlop, Chief Nurse Adams, Lillian Ager, Charlotte Andrews, Martha Austin, Emma M. Baird, Annie Bartlett, Mrs. Ella B. Beck, Nell R. Bell, Sarah C. Benton, Mary V. Black, Selena Blessing, Bertha G. Brown, Mary E. Burke y, Florence M. Byer, Mary C. Carr, Rebecca J. Carter, Helen C. Cole, Clara L. Conery, Martha C. Dailey, Mrs. Sarah C. Dardenne, Angele Dawson, Estelle L. Detwiler, Sara Eden, Mrs. Marie C. Edwards, Katharine Edwards, Leta Eckman, Elizabeth Elliot, Bertha Ellis, Harriet Faunce, Amanda D. Fidler, Sara French, Elizabeth Fretz, Ida E. Fuhrmann, Amina Gage, Mrs. Helen L. Garverich, Helena Gerhard, Eva Gorrell, Nell Grissinger, Olive M. Hanson, Ada L. Hendrickson, Georgia E. Hobbs, Ellen J. Hodgson, Mary H. Hollings, Clara Holmes, Lizzie Hood, Anna L. Kleibscheidel, Utie Kreamer, Elimina Krumanocker, Lucy Krumanocker, Ruth Laird, Anna Lloyd, Imogene D. Lofgren, Elma McClelland, Helen G. McIntosh, Rosalie MacNeal, Jane C. McCombe, Margaret McElhenney, Anna M. McElheney, Maliss 235 236 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 McNichol, Susan Malcolm, Ethel Martin, Mrs. Mary M. Mast, Lucile Metz, Bessie Miller, Elsie B. Murphy, Anna D. Obenchain, Edna O'Brien, Estelle W. O'Neill, Elizabeth Potter, Emma E. Powell, Elizabeth Ralston, Alice H. Rambo, Leslie Ravenel, Julia J. Reading, Romano Replogle, Effie Robelen, Caroline Rodgers, Mary L. Shortsleeves, Mary Silvernell, Elizabeth G. Smith, Addie Smith, Gertrude Smith, Helen Smith, May H. Smith, S. Annabel Swartz, Ida M. Stambaugh, Isabelle Tait, Elizabeth M. Tomlinson, Ella H. Updyke, Alyda Voris, Sara L. Wagner, Florence E. White, Mabel A. Whitman, Irene Williams, Hazel Woltemate, Caroline K. Zerbe, Mina Zimmerman, Ada Bettman, Florence (Dietitian) Krumbhaar, Mrs. Helen D. (Civilian Employee) MEMBERS OF ORIGINAL UNIT WHO DID NOT RETURN WITH THE UNIT Bleloch, James C. Brown, Marlyn Carpenter, Joseph G. Carroll, John M. Chambers, David, Jr. Clarke, Fred. Cochran, Jerrold S. Crider, Paul M. Dannehower, William F. Dejean, Frank DlFFENDAL, JOSEPH B. Dochney, Frank X. Dooley, Daniel J. Downs, Stephen W. Droughman, Mark A. Dunham, Frank P. Fox, Elmer E. Gerhart, Henry L. Greer, Francis C. Gurley, Richard H. Hagenbuck, Joseph S. Wright, Hamilton, Irwin Hay, Kenneth B. Halloway, John W. Hurd, Fritz D. Jones, Herbert L. Grigg, Harold M. Knapp, William C. LeClereq, Jack C. MacLachlan, James McCormick, Russell C. Nichols, Ernest H. Pancoast, Charles E. Pack, John F., Jr. Powell, Charles F. Price, Ferris L. Ramsey, Lawrence M. Schwartz, William L. Sheldon, Charles H. Silvernail, Clarke H. Sullivan, Gerald J. Thomas, John W. Howard G. 237 SUPPLEMENTARY PERSONNEL WHO JOINED THE UNIT SEPT., 917, WHO DID NOT RETURN WITH THE UNIT Bollinger, J. Guy Calvert, Raymond H. Cronne, Ernest E. DuMarais, Maurice B. Farmer, Fred. Lee, Valentine B., Jr. MacKay, John R. Price, E. Melville Rogers, Mathew J. Rocap, Reed NURSES DETACHED FROM UNIT TO REMAIN WITH THE A. E. F. JAN., 1919 Albright, Carrie S. Anderson, Sara Bevelander, Grace W. Beatty, Larraine Dunlop, Beatrice Gault, Jennie Groben, Gertrude I. Groom, Mildred Hartman, Stella Hershberger, Florence Inman, Nellie C. Whiteside, McCafferty, Margaret Maxwell, Jane C. Meister, Olive Moore, Edith M. Platt, Hazel Powell, Margaret Price, Kathryn Richards, Sophie Rogers, Mary J. Safford, Elsie M. Wallace, Zilla M. Florence CIVILIAN EMPLOYES WHO REMAINED WITH THE A. E. F. Harter, Ruth Farrell, Katharine G. 238 LABORATORY OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 BRITISH GENERAL HOSPITAL NO. 16, LE TREPORT ACCORDING to the Red Cross requirements for a five-hundred bed hospital, Drs. Cruice, Cloud and Krumbhaar were assigned to the labora- tory service and had opportunity to discuss organiza- tion at the preliminary meetings. The laboratory equip- ment, through the foresight of the director and the broadminded generosity of A. H. Thomas & Co., had not only been prepared in thirty odd packing cases with itemized invoices, but actually bought at cost price by the Base Hospital organization several months before the call to active service. To cover all possible contingencies duplicate oil, gas and electric apparatus had. been prepared in separate boxes, in case the unit should be ordered to localities in which only one of these modes of heating was available. The advantage of this method was shown several months later in France when we were able to send for a few cases con- taining special apparatus not available over there. At the last moment the bulk of the equipment was left behind when information was received that we were to go to a hospital already fully equipped. The only 239) 2 4 o PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 apparatus taken with us was a microscope, Mackenzie polygraph, blood counting apparatus, and a water- driven centrifuge supplied by Dr. Cruice. On arrival at Le Treport, it was found that the laboratory was a small "tin hut" exactly 12 ft. square, presided over by one medical officer and an orderly who had been a Turkish bath attendant before the war. In his 18 months service, however, he had been taught the various laboratory procedures, even including such complicated methods as the Dreyer test and the identi- fication of dysentery and other organisms. His work had been so thoroughly mastered that the pathologist found it necessary to spend only a few hours daily in the laboratory and was able to undertake a great variety of other activities. The isolation division for contagious diseases at that time supplied much more work than all the rest of the hospital, where very few routine laboratory tests were requested. Autopsies were rare and usually done by the officer in charge of the case. On account of the dearth of medical officers, Drs. Cruice and Cloud were both assigned to the Medical Division, but Mrs. Krumbhaar, one of the four civilian employees, and W. B. Smith, a second year medical student, were detailed to assist the pathologist. During the two weeks that elapsed before the departure of the British pathologist, all three members of the staff ap- plied themselves to acquiring the laboratory methods there in use, especially those developed by the British PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 241 during the war. The Dreyer method of diagnosing the typhoid group of organisms in the inoculated by a series of quantitative agglutination tests and the typing of meningococci, required long practice before confi- dence was felt in the results obtained: in fact, in the former case an investigation into the findings obtained in healthy inoculated enlisted men was undertaken partly to acquire greater familiarity and accuracy with this method.* Shortly after our arrival, our request that the laboratory be enlarged was granted by the British authorities, so that within three months our space was more than doubled by the addition of a second room 12 ft. square for the orderlies, with an adjoining shed for storage and sterilizing purposes. As by this time our staff had been increased to five, the enlargement was a welcome relief, especially in segrega- ting the noise of the autoclave and the conversation of the British and American orderlies. According to the new plan, the medical officer and the technician-secre- tary occupied the original room where all the micro- scopic diagnostic work, histology and recording was performed. In the new orderlies' room specimens were collected, media prepared, gross pathological examina- tions made, museum specimens prepared by Smith and Jabaut, and miscellaneous chemical work done by Sergeant LeBoutillier. The new building, like the old, was made of galvanized iron lined with one layer of *This was later published in the Journal of Infectious Diseases. 16 242 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 wood with many windows. The lighting was good, but wind, rain and dirt came plentifully through the cracks to the detriment of apparatus, records and bacterio- logical sterility. Frozen pipes were not uncommon, but the very efficient stoves kept the upper half of the build- ing sufficiently warm during the daytime. With the arrival of reenforcements in August, an- other medical officer, Lieut. Cunningham, and another orderly, Le Boutillier, were detailed to assist the original staff of three. This increase also allowed the labora- tory staff occasionally to help the other divisions in time of great military activity. On Cunningham's de- parture a few weeks later, to No. 3 Gen. Hosp., his place was taken by Dr. Cloud, who soon familiarized himself with the many details of laboratory technique and for almost a year gave invaluable assistance in all branches of the laboratory work. When his services were again needed on the Medical Division, he was replaced by Dr. Nolan, who continued with us until the Mobile Unit was formed in October. By this time the orderlies under Sergeant Le Boutillier (Jabaut hav- ing replaced W. B. Smith shortly before) had acquired such familiarity with details that another officer was not considered necessary, and a third orderly, Stevens, was detailed to the laboratory for the rest of our stay. In the Spring of 19 18 our customary routine was interrupted by the successful German offensive against Amiens. Following orders to be prepared for immediate PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 243 evacuation, the entire laboratory equipment was packed and removed from the laboratory and opportunity to divert one's mind from the depressing communiques for almost three weeks was thereby removed. Shortly after activities had been fully resumed, routine was again shaken by the outbreak of an epidemic of diph- theria in two American divisions (35th and 33d) that had just arrived for training in the neighborhood. Al- ready working "to capacity," we had insufficient time and material to cope with the hundreds of extra throat cultures that arrived daily. A special messenger was sent to Paris for test tubes, however, and we "carried on" until the Adviser in Pathology brought a Canadian Mobile Laboratory from the front to cope with the temporary difficulty. An emergency laboratory was set up in a barber shop in the neighboring town of Eu, and the epidemic soon brought under control. By the courtesy of the British Medical Service, the privilege was extended to us shortly after our arrival of collecting material for a museum collection of Mili- tary Pathology. Over two hundred wet and dry speci- mens were gathered from autopsies and operative material, and later presented by the Unit to the Mutter Museum of the College of Physicians, where they are now on exhibition. After preparation in the laboratory, the specimens were shipped from time to time by ambu- lance trains to the Royal College of Surgeons in London, where they were well cared for and later forwarded to 244 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 us through the kindness of Prof. Arthur Keith. In times of stress, the material was always more abundant than could properly be handled; but its more leisurely preparation during periods of inactivity, together with the pursuit of various special investigations, permitted steadier work than was possible in other divisions of the hospital. A small working library, consisting of some 20 or 30 text books (with an equal number in the officers' mess) and various medical journals, was gradually accumu- lated. The Lancet, the British Medical Journal, the Medical Supplement and various war manuals were supplied by the British Medical Service; the Journal of the American Medical Association by Drs. Norris and Knowles; the Journal of Experimental Medicine and the Journal of Medical Research by Dr. Krumbhaar; War Medicine by the Red Cross; and numerous other jour- nals at irregular intervals by the A. E. F. These were not infrequently consulted by Medical Officers from the other hospitals as well as by our own Med- ical Officers. Standing between the messes and the wards, the laboratory and its surrounding lawn of- fered a good meeting ground for discussion, and al- though this was not always limited to professional topics, it was of considerable use as a clearing house for opinions. The relative advantages of the Carrel- Dakin method and Dichloramin-T, the value of exci- sion of wounds and primary suture, the best anti-menin- PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 245 gococcus serum, how land hockey should be played — these are some of the topics that come to mind after two years. A visit to the wards was the happy and not infrequent result of such discussions. During slack times special duties were made on the organisms of gas gangrene, on the bacterial flora of wounds, and on laboratory control for the publications of Drs. Sweet and Hodge on Dichloramin-T. Other studies resulted in the following publications from the laboratory: "Pyogenic Diplococcus occurring in Skin Infections" (Military Surgeon, '18, 42, 502); "Repeated Agglutina- tion Tests by Dreyer Method in Diagnosis of Enteric in Inoculated Persons" (Jour. Infec. Dis.' 18, 03,126); "Meningococci Septicemia and Endocarditis" (J. A. M. A., '18, 71, 2144); "Month of Influenza at Base Hospital in France" (Med. Rec. '19, 95, 594); "Blood and Bone Marrow in Gas Poisoning; Peripheral Blood Changes" (J. A. M. A., '19, 72, 39); "Ibid.: Bone Marrow Changes" (Jour. Med. Research, '19, 40, 497). The laboratory equipment left by our predecessors supplemented by that which we brought with us and occasional purchases in London and Paris, proved suffi- cient to pursue all routine and research work attempted. Glassware, media and other necessities were always sup- plied on requisition from the B. E. F. Base Medical Depots, and great benefit was derived from the "stand- ard" cultures and sera, and special media supplied directly from the R. A. M. C, the Lister Institute and 246 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 Oxford Department of Pathology. The ever-ready advice and the frequent visits of the Advisers in Path- ology, Sir William Leishman and Col. Cummings, were much appreciated. A. D. M. S. DIEPPE AREA. D83/13/17 O. C, 16 (Phila., U. S. A.) General Hospital. NOTES OF INSPECTION OF NO. 16 (PHILADELPHIA, U. S. A.) GENERAL HOSPITAL. BY THE ASSISTANT DI- RECTOR OF MEDICAL SERVICES. DIEPPE AREA ON 30.1 1. 17. The general state of the hospital was very creditable to all con- cerned. The treatment, comfort, and general welfare of the patients, is apparently well attended to. The Dispensary, Stewards Stores, Linen Stores, etc., were all in good order, and the contents accurately accounted for. The personnel made a smart appearance on parade, their kitchen was in excellent order, and their messing arrangements quite satisfactory. Treport. Sd/H. D. Rowan, Colonel. 2. 1 2. 1 7. A. D. M. S., Dieppe. HIGH COMMISSIONER New Zealand Government Offices, for NEW ZEALAND. Strand, London, W. C. 2. 7th December, 19 17. Dear Sir, A New Zealand soldier has informed me of the excellent atten- tion he and his comrades have received at your hospital, and has spoken especially warmly of the services of the Nursing Sisters, who have often purchased additional comforts for our men. I thought I would send this short note to you expressing my great appreciation, and I should be much obliged if you would accept and convey my thanks to those members of your staff who have been so good to our soldiers. Yours very truly, (Sg) Thos. MacKenzie. O. C No. 16, Gen. Hosp., B. E. F., France 247 AN INDEX OF THE UNIT OR WHO'S WHO IN THE OFFICERS' MESS A Poetical Effusion read at the Nurses' Thanksgiving Day Party, November 191 8 J\ stands for Arthur, young Gerhard by name Whose heart is too large for the Unit's good fame, If he had his way, every Tommy who's here, To Blighty would go, ere the end of the year. B stands for Bill, "Uncle Bill" being meant, Who holds down Ward 12 with terrific intent. Tea is served at all hours; drop in, you'll be glad You'll find in addition good grub there, by Gad ! v-' stands for Chambers, our good Registrar, Who to what he don't like, applies feathers and tar. Whose soft, soothing manner, whose sweet, dulcet tone, And whose picturesque language cannot be outshone. \^y stands for Bill — Cad, who's Chief of our Mess Whom, when things go badly, we all of us bless. He'll change diagnoses from "shell shock" to "sick" While Chambers just sputters, his tongue gets so thick. LJ stands for Dillard, who's known far and near For his fine manners, tennis and his ways with a "dear;" But please to remember, tho it may seem hard, That at good Lady Murray's, he known as Dillard. 249 250 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 SI/ stands for Eddie, the slippery, the beau, The pride of our Unit, whom all of us know. He's a sight for the Gods when he's dressed up to "kill," When he goes out to dance, or to dine "Uncle Bill." l stands for Flick, genial Johnny he's called, He made a great hit, tho he nearly got stalled Down at Number Three Gen'ral, by working so late. That was one thing they did not appreciate. \J stands for Gibbon, our great raconteur Who can tell you more stories than ever I'd dare To repeat in mixed company, 'specially here When a "double entendre" s'not allowed too appear. jn stands for Harte, whom we know and revere, To whose Labor we owe it, that we're over here. Not back in" the States," tuning up for the dance Instead of at Treport in warm, sunny France. 1 stands for Innocence, no one could doubt For a moment which one of our Mess to pick out, To fill all the requisites, hereby implied Like a flash, we would all on Bill Drayton decide. J stands for Jefferys, our Padre, so dear, I don't have to ask you to give him a cheer For he carries it with him where'er he doth go As the "Boys" and the "Sisters" and all of us know. Also J stands for Jack, of Chivalrous renown, Who takes up the gauntlet ere it is thrown down. Who don't like remarks made by bachelors bold, — But the rest of this story had best not be told. PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 251 J\. stands for Krumbhaar; we've two in our store And I'm sure you'll agree, that we wish we had more. For they've done their duty, done more than they should, Or to put it quite tersely, they've more than "made good." J\. stands for Knowles, a Lieutenant as yet But who as they tell me, is willing to bet, That he'IIs soon be a Captain proud, wearing two bars And that ere the War's over, he'll be sporting stars. JL/ stands for Laney, please prefix D E And you have our C. O., whom we all like to see, When he's not on "inspection" tours, prowling around, To see what in stoves, pots and pans can be found. 1VI stands for Mitchell, what more need I state, We love his bland smile and his dear old bald pate. He's Vaux's "old woman," they quarrel all night As those who lodge near them, to know, "have a right." N stands for Newlin, the steady and staid, Whom, when we are sick, we all turn to for aid. He lodges with Cruice, and has torn out his hair For the snoring of John, it has been his despair. 11 stands for Norris, of whom it is said The "Division Chief" business has quite turned his head. He's so feeble of mind that he cannot decide To wear his hair parted, at middle, or side. O stands for Outerbridge: Perfectly clear He's an expert at finding a flea in an ear, But strangely enough when it comes to a blouse, He can't for the life of him get out the louse. 252 PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 1 stands for Packard — man of tasks manifold, As A and D Chief, he a record doth hold. He gives anesthetics, cuts tonsils away. And is writing a hist'ry for some future day. Val stands for Quitters — we've none in the fold, At least this opinion thus far, seems to hold. The chicks we are told should resemble the hen, And they don't grow that kind back at home at old Penn. I\. stands for "Roue," of course you all know Of that terrible "Sport" who his wild oats does sow. I hear that at Abbeville — 'tis whispered aloud — They say he raised Hell there — that young fellow Cloud. Iv too stands for Roberts, whose long curly hair Was once as we noted, the C. O.'s despair. He had it cut short, and I truly may state That by the so-doing, he greatly lost weight. O stands for Sweet, whom we all like to see, Making rainbows and halos with Chloramine-T. He's been made a Major by those who know best As a fitting reward for or was it a jest? 1 stands for Taylor, of correct etiquette Who, on questions of "Uniforms" settles the bet. He has ordered his spurs and will wear them you'll see When he clanks down the ward — after dressings — for tea. \J stands for Upholsterer, Earnshaw we hail Who spends half his time with a hammer and nail; And when he gets hard up for something to do, Will sit up all night and drive pegs in a shoe. PENNSYLVANIA BASE HOSPITAL NO. 10 253 V stands for Vaux: Handsome lad, and a "dear," His patients all love him, but really I fear The contagion is spreading, to others nearby, Since he went off on "leave," No. 4's one great sigh. W for Wilmer, who holds many jobs down. In a ward he's a "Chief," in a "Show" he's a clown. He runs round the camp with the speed of a bomb And has well earned the sobriquet — Peeping Tom. J\. stands for Exit, and Kidwell I hear Is going to "beat it," with never a tear. Disguised in a moustache, he's going away Perhaps with some other fair damsel to play. 1 is a symbol which represents here Certain ones of our Unit who do not appear, So gifted with vices, with foibles so small That we haven't as yet, classified them at all. Ju stands for the end of this silly tirade And bespeaks your indulgence for what has been said; While the author retreats and draws in his horns, And freely begs pardon for treading on corns. My Alphabet, it has run out, tho there is more to tell And others in the Unit who deserve a "roasting," well. Alas my Muse, she went on strike and ran off like a streak When of the Sisters' Mess it was suggested she should speak. ] Paul B. Hoeber 67-69 East 59TH Street New York o "h '*> / V *- - . & • , Deacidified using the Bookkeeper proc Neutralizing agent: Magnesium Oxide Treatment Date: MAY 2001 PreservationTechnologi A WORLD LEADER IN PAPER PRESERVE 111 Thomson Park Drive --■ * +±. v ■tf V- "+,. ',-4, V V ^' c ^> >0o. <$■ A*" /• c - *. vV V- vO b ^ ** iiillfflli LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 007 692 948 8 * IfSiilliliillllllllii '"i iS: i. ' "i ■; Mill! ill! IP I ^i'llllli ! .... >....! I . I i li i'lii*;!. ;ii II I! II iii I i