1 
 
 i LIBRARY OF COXGRE 
 
KEY 
 
 THE EXERCISES 
 
 CONTAINED IN FALCK-LEBAHN S GERMAN GRAMMAR 
 
 EXAMPLES ON THE EXPLETIVES 
 
 USED IN GERMAN. 
 
 THIRD EDITION. 
 
 LONDON: 
 SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, &CO. 
 
 i*ri 
 
<3 
 
 
 Printed by Gkubb & Co., 11, Camomile Street, London 
 
A KEY 
 
 LEBAHN'S GERMAN EXERCISES. 
 
 Exercise I — Page 31. 
 
 N. bief-er btef-e bief-eS, this mcmcfi-er -e -e$, many a 
 
 G. btef-e$ btef-er bief-eg, of this mcm#-eg -er -&, of many a 
 
 D. bief-em bief-er bief-em, to this mancb-em -er -em, to many a 
 
 A. bicf-en btef-e btef-eg, this. man^-en -e -eg, many a 
 
 PLURAL. 
 
 N. btef-e, these 
 G. bief-er, of these 
 D btef-en, to these 
 A. btef-e, these 
 
 tttan^-e, many 
 
 mcmcfKr, of man y 
 manc^-en, to many 
 manege, many. 
 
 PLURAL. 
 
 N. mein-e, my bein-e, thy fetn-e, his, its tfjr-e, her 
 
 G. metn-er, of my bein-er, of thy fetn-cr, of his, of its t^r-er, of her 
 
 D. mein-cn, to my bein-en, to thy fetn-cn, to his, to its tfcr-en, to her 
 
 A. mem-e, my betn-e, thy fetn-e, his, its t^r-e, her. 
 
 The father of the boy gave to the servant the mantle. The 
 mother of the woman gave to the daughter the flower. The 
 grass of the field procures to the animal the fodder. The hus- 
 bands of the women gave to the children the pens. 
 
 A man gave to a son of a friend an apple. A woman gave 
 to a daughter of a friend (fem. Jrettttbttm) a flower. A hen 
 gave to a chicken of a child a corn (of grain). 
 
 This man, this woman and this child are relations of that 
 gentleman, of that lady and of that girl. To which friend 
 1 
 
(masc), to which friend (fern.), or to which child gave he the 
 letter ? Many a brother, many a sister and many a child did 
 it not. These husbands of those women gave to many children 
 many flowers. 
 
 My father, my mother and my little sister are acquaint- 
 ances of thy grandfather, of thy grandmother and of thy little 
 aunt. He sent to his brother-in-law, to his sister-in-law and 
 to his little grandson her trunk, her watch and her money. 
 His cousins are the uncles of our parents. Give to your servants 
 their salaries, but no presents. 
 
 Exercise II — Page 36. 
 
 'The weather is fine. Fine weather is pleasant. The road 
 is good. The good road is short. This book is amusing. 
 This amusing book is instructing. My friend is a good man. 
 My good friend is learned. My aunt is a good spirited lady. 
 This rich merchant is the brother of that avaricious lawyer^ 
 The hand of my little brother is swollen. The expensive 
 house of our rich cousin is new, large and elegant. He is the 
 son of that honest, rich and learned man. The bill of the 
 stork is long. The grass is green. The green grass of this 
 large meadow is soft. His young brother is a wise man. My 
 dog is faithful. The faithful dog of my poor friend is a watch- 
 ful animal. Dear brother, dear sister and dear child, come 
 here. He is no honest man's friend. 
 
 Exercise III— Page 39. 
 
 f)Ctben ftc? have they ? $>ahm @ie? have you? 
 
 @r %at tyx ©11$, he has her (or their) book. Qt $<tt 3$t 33udj, he has 
 your book. Qabm ©te mctncn 9?mg? have you my ring? 9ldn f tcf) l^obe 
 3£ r en 3tf ng nt$t, no, I have your ring not. 
 
 Have I ? Have I not? I have the money not. What has 
 he ? He has an amusing book. Has he not a good pen ? 
 
No, but he has good paper and red ink. What have we ? We 
 have good fruits. Have they the large pears of that little tree ? 
 No, but they have the sweet apples of the stout farmer. You 
 have kind parents and they have obedient children. Who has 
 good coffee and green tea ? Our friend has good tea, but he 
 has no strong coffee. What has your father? He has sour 
 wine and clear water. What have you ? I have good bread 
 and fresh milk. What had my shoe-maker ? He had your 
 old boots and my new shoes. What had my tailor ? He had 
 my blue coat and his green waistcoat. What had you ? I had 
 many faithful friends. Who had the white sugar? My brother. 
 Who had the butter ? My aunt. My grandfather has a large 
 garden and. a beautiful new house. Let us patience have. 
 Have perseverance. 
 
 Exercise IV — Page 40. 
 
 ©tnb fte? are they? ©tnb ©tC? are you? 
 
 2So ftttb ftc ? where are they? <&k ftnb tttcfit |>ter, they are not here. 
 
 SSo ftnb @te? where are you? %ty bin fiter, I am here. 
 
 2So tfl 3|>re Sorfe? where is your Scfo i)aoe feme 35orfe, I have no 
 
 purse 1 purse. 
 
 2So tft 3$r $afi ? where is your pass-port ? £uer ifl: er, here is he (it). 
 
 Am I ? I am here. He is welcome. Is he learned ? Yes, 
 he is a learned man. He is a merchant or a lawyer. Are they 
 rich ? No, they are poor. Are you ill ? No, I am quite well. 
 Where are your parents ? They are not here. Where is your 
 brother ? He is in Germany. Who is this stout man 1 He 
 is the servant of my rich friend. Where were you yesterday ? 
 I was yesterday in Greenwich. Here is my address. My cousin 
 is a modest man. This poor boy is an industrious pupil. Who 
 is this blind old man ? He is the father of that lazy boy. Ee 
 he {or let him be) patient. Be ye not impatient. He was 
 formerly a very enterprising speculator. Where were the 
 parents of our friends ? 
 
Exercise V — Page 41. 
 
 He becomes rude. Who becomes rich ? My cousin. Who 
 becomes poor ? My brother. We became pliant. Our friends 
 grow tiresome. The lazy boy became an industrious man. 
 His enemy became his faithful friend. They became not 
 happy and we became very unhappy. My father grew cheer- 
 ful, but my mother, her aunt and our grandmother grew very 
 angry. When became this good poor man blind and deaf? 
 Grow you not proud. Become we not (o?* let us not become) 
 impatient. Become ye not impolite. 
 
 Exercise VI — Page 43. 
 
 I have one head and two hands. Thou hast ten fingers, 
 two ears, two eyes and two feet. He had three friends. No, 
 he had only one, but he has now (of them) four. We gave it 
 to three (persons). The deposition of two or three witnesses 
 is sufficient. A week has seven days ; a day has four and 
 twenty hours. A week has hundred and eight and sixty 
 hours. The year has twelve months, and these together have 
 three hundred and five and sixty days. Some months have 
 thirty, some one and thirty days, but the February has only 
 eight and twenty. A leap-year has three hundred six and sixty 
 days, then has the February nine and twenty. The ark, into 
 which Noah with his three sons and the four women went, was 
 thirty cubits high, sixty cubits broad and three hundred cubits 
 long. Adam became nine hundred and thirty and Noah nine 
 hundred and fifty years old. Methusalah died in the year of 
 the deluge in an age of nine hundred nine and sixty years. 
 Moses became hundred and twenty, Joshua only hundred and 
 ten years old. How old are you ? I am nineteen years old. 
 How many houses have you ? I have only one. How many 
 servants have you? I have one. Have you a sister? Yes, I 
 
iiave one. Have you brothers? Yes, I have two brothers. 
 How many aunts have you? I have (of them) eleven. Has 
 your uncle a garden ? No, he has none. Yes, he has one. 
 
 Exercise VII— Page 54. 
 
 To have. — I have had. What have you had? I have five 
 good horses had. How many good horses have you had? 
 Who has this beautiful flower had ? We have her (it) had. 
 What had you had ? I had ten roses had, Had he the money 
 had ? No, he had it not had. Will he the permission of his 
 parents had have ? Would he the necessary perseverance have? 
 Yes, he would the courage and the perseverance have. Would 
 our friend so much money have ? He would so much money 
 had have, but he has great losses had. We have much bad 
 weather had. Have you pleasure had? You will a great 
 joy have. My father has a visit had. His mother has the 
 fever had. Your uncle and your aunt have the cold had. Our 
 brothers have the cough had. 
 
 To be. — I am been. Where are you been ? I am here been. 
 The good old man is not here been. We are ill been. I am 
 this morning at home been. Why are you not there been ? 
 Are you in Germany been ? Are you to Germany been ? I 
 am in Germany been. I am not to Germany been. My bro- 
 ther and my brother-in-law were at home been. Oar friends 
 will not so malicious be. Would his son so foolish be? Your 
 brother would not so silly been be (have been). Our grand- 
 parents would not so unkind been be (have been). Where is 
 the queen been ? Whereto is the queen been ? The queen is 
 in Scotland been. She is to Germany been. Why is she not 
 to Ireland been? The king of the French is in Windsor been. 
 To become. — He is the brother-in-law of my rich and learned 
 friend become. He is a dangerous rival of his cousin become* 
 His uncle is minister (of state) become. He will my protector 
 
become. This good-hearted man will the teacher of the poor 
 orphan become. Shall we ever happy become ? He would 
 tired become be. The wheat will dear become. Travelling in 
 Germany is cheap become. Is the travelling in England ex- 
 pensive become ? My brother was pliant become. 
 
 Regular Verbs. — I praise the boy {or I am praising the boy 
 or I do praise the boy.) He praises the industry of the good 
 boy not. Praised you (did you praise) the boy ? "Why praised 
 you the industrious boy not ? I did praise him. Bo praise 
 the industry of this good boy. Love you (do you love) your 
 parents, your sisters, your uncle, your aunt, your brother 
 in-law, your sister in-law and your grandparents ? Yes, I 
 love them. Honour (you) the friend of your faithful 
 friend ! The good-natured boy led the weak old man. My 
 mother loves me, and I love my mother. Whom loved, 
 praised and honoured his grandfather ? He loved his daugh- 
 ter, he praised his valiant son and honoured his faithful 
 friend. Whom blamed he (whom did he blame) ? He blamed 
 the proud man, he blames his negligent pupil, he has his 
 daughter blamed, and he will his malicious son blame. Do 
 teach (you) to your children obedience. Have your children 
 already reading and writing learned, and who has it to them 
 taught ? How long have you already German learned ? What 
 has the merchant sent? He has coffee, tea and rice sent. 
 Which of your friends has that said ? A Scotsman has to me 
 that said. Like the French the English? I believe not. 
 Have the French, the English or the Germans at Waterloo 
 conquered ? The Germans have against the Spaniards fought. 
 Where lives this German ? This German and that Dutchman 
 live together. I travelled in Germany. He has in France 
 travelled. He is to Scotland gone. My father, my mother, 
 my uncle and my aunt will to Holland go. What wili you 
 buy ? I will honey and wine buy. He bought a fine house 
 
and a large garden. Where have you this wax bought ? My 
 brother has made me a present of it. Pray, fetch (you) to me 
 paper, ink and pens. Pray, buy (you) to me red, green and 
 blue ink* Pray, fetch (you) to me some sealing-wax. I have 
 it already fetched. What has your servant fetched ? He has 
 sealing-wax and wafers fetched. I wish to you good night. 
 Wish you to Germany to go ? Yes, I have it already a long 
 time wished. The Germans like the music. What {price) 
 ask you for these shoes, these boots and these gloves ? I have 
 not too much asked. 
 
 3$ Werbe ifn moreen fefleit, I shall (am going to) see him to-morrow. 
 
 3$ muf* Uttb Wilt tfm fefjett, I must and will see him. 
 
 @te foil en eg i$un, id) toill eg fjaben, you shall do it, Twill have it. 
 3d) tnurbc bag tl;un, I should do it. 
 
 3d) fotlte bag t^UIt, 1 should (ivas told, was commanded to) do that. 
 
 (£r ttnrb Jommen, he will come; he is going to come. 
 
 @:r tt>t H fOtttmen, he will come ; he has made up his mind to come. 
 
 Exercise YIII — Page 59. 
 
 This learned man is praised, liked and esteemed. Who is 
 honoured ? Who is blamed ? What is praised and what is 
 blamed? A wise man is honoured and praised. The industry 
 of the good poor boy was praised, and the idleness of the pupil 
 was blamed. The Englishman, the German and the Dutchman 
 were praised, but the Frenchman was blamed. For what rea- 
 son were the Dutchman and the German honoured ? I know 
 it not. An honest man will always esteemed be. Is his rich 
 uncle killed been ? This service will to him rendered be. Is 
 this important service to you already rendered been ? The 
 king is always by his ministers guided been. Will your father 
 by good counsellors guided be? The tumult would fortunately 
 suppressed been be (have been.) This steel is well hammered 
 been. His wound is badly healed been. This corn will 
 to-morrow mown be. The soup is too much peppered been. 
 
Would the town plundered been be (have been) ? The wild 
 lion is tamed been. 
 
 Exercise IX — Page 62. 
 
 The brave sons of the rich count are my friends. Have the 
 cousins of your friend the new books of the son of the rich 
 count had? See you (do you see) the large apples of the 
 small fruit-tree ? How many gardens have you? The stings 
 of the bees are sharp. The bird of his good brother sings not. 
 Why sing the beautiful birds of her brothers not ? The bears 
 are ugly animals. The skin of the bear is brown. Are the 
 skins of all bears brown ? No, the skin of the polar-bear is 
 white. The windows of our houses are not large. The door 
 of my house is small. Your fathers are very honest men. 
 The peasants are useful members of the human society. The 
 deeds of the hero are known. The heroes purchase their glory 
 by the blood of innocent men. The fish lives in the water. 
 The fish like the warm water not. Why like the fish the cold 
 water ? The ice has cracks. 
 
 The peasants have horses, oxen, cows, sheep, calves and 
 dogs. My sisters have roses, violets and pinks. In Germany 
 there are many mountains, valleys, hills, forests, oak-trees, 
 beech-trees and pine-trees, rivers and brooks, pikes, trouts and 
 carps. See you those stags, deer, hares and badgers? In 
 these villages have all (the) houses thatches. In my room are 
 two tables, six chairs, ten pictures, two swords. 
 
 Exercise X— Page 72. 
 The north-wind is cold ; the south-wind is warm ; the east- 
 wind is dry ; the west-wind is damp. The Etna is a vulcano. 
 The diamond is hard. The spring is pleasant, the summer 
 warm, the autumn cool and the winter cold. The January is 
 the first month of the year, the December the last. The May, 
 the June, the July, the August and the September are pleasant 
 
months. The February is cold. How is the weather in the 
 October and November? The Sunday, the Monday, "the 
 Tuesday, the Wednesday, the Thursday, the Friday and the 
 Saturday are the seven days of the week. The emperor and 
 the king, the grand-duke and the duke, the prince and the 
 count expected the empress and the queen, the grand-duchess 
 and the duchess, the princess and the countess. I saw a lion 
 and a lioness, a tiger and a tigress, a fox and a she-fox. 
 The teachers teach the boys. The writers write the letters. 
 
 The oak, the beech, the fir, the elm-tree, the rose, the pink, 
 the tulip, the narcissus and the lily stand in the garden. The 
 pear, the peach, and the apricot are refreshing fruits. The 
 Volga, the Thames, and the Danube are large rivers. 
 
 The gold and the silver are costly metals. The lead is soft ; 
 the iron was glowing. The* immense London is the capital of 
 the rich England, and the merry Paris is the capital of the war- 
 like France. The writing is ajust so useful art as the reading. 
 The empire (of) Russia is very large. The principality (of) 
 Neufchatel belongs to the king of Prussia. The kingdom (of) 
 England is a populous country. The empire (of) Austria and 
 the kingdom (of) Prussia are powerful states, but yet only 
 parts of the great Germany. 
 
 Have you a sledge ? Yes, I have one. Have they a looking- 
 glass ? No, they have none. Has your brother a carriage ? 
 Yes, he has one. The stable is too small for all these horses. 
 Every one loves his home, the liberty and the justice. Every 
 good thing comes from God. Have you my ring? No, I 
 have him (it) not. Like you the good and abhor you the 
 evil ? The cat catches in gloves no mouse. One must the 
 iron forge when it warm is. 
 
 * The article is used before names of towns and countries, when 
 preceded by an adjective. 
 
10 
 
 Exercise XI. — Page 76. 
 There is, there are, e6 i% e3 ftnb (when it expresses the existence in 
 a place). There is, there are, eg ojefct (when it denotes existence in a 
 general term). 
 
 Is there any wine 1 3ft SBctlt ba ? 
 
 There is some. (£g tft foelti&er ba. 
 
 ^re /^ere any apples 1 @Ulb SCepfd ba 1 
 
 There are some. (?g ftnb tt>eld)e ba* 
 
 7%ere ere none. (£$ ftnb fetne ba. 
 
 Is any one (here ? 3ft 3emanb ba 2 
 
 There is no one. a$ tft 9?temanb ba. 
 
 Were £A<?re many people 1 SBarett Uiete £eute ba? 
 
 There were very mauy # (?$ WarCtt fe^r Dtele ba* 
 
 There are many fools. (£3 QkH fctele Smarten. 
 
 Therearemany steamers in England. (?g gtebt Dtef e 2)ampfftt)tffe tn ($:najatlb. 
 There was a time when there were (£$ $ah elite 3eit, H)0 e^ X>kU SSctrett 
 many bears in Germany. in £>CUtfd)Ianb gab. 
 
 It is warm (cold ; cool ; stormy). It is warm (cold ; cool ; 
 stormy) weather. The weather is very fine (bad ; pleasant) . 
 It is very fine (bad; pleasant) weather. What sort of 
 weather is it ? It rains. What is that ? It is a brush (a pen ; 
 a knife) . How are you ? Very well, I thank you. Are 
 there any news 1 There is a man, who it do would. Ther 
 was a man here. There are countries where this fashion 
 is. There are two gentlemen in the room. Is this river deep ? 
 I believe so (I think so). Is that true 1 I believe it not (I don't 
 think so). Is your friend in the garden ? I suppose so. What 
 man is that ? It is a bishop or a cardinal. What sort of people 
 are this (these) ? It (they) are monks, bookbinders and jewel- 
 lers. Is this a mouse ? No, it is a rat. What 6ort of animals 
 are those ? A camel, a stork and a cat. 
 
 Exercise XII. — Page 78. 
 Whose hat is this i It is mine. Whose muff is this? It is 
 mine. Whose glass is this? It is mine. Whose coat is this? 
 
11 
 
 It is thine. "Whose pen is that ? It is his. Whose inkstand 
 is that ? It is hers. Whose fish is this ? It is ours. Whose 
 flower is that ? It is yours. Whose house is that ? It is theirs. 
 Whose garden is that ? It is mine. Whose purse is this? It 
 is yours. Whose book is that? It is ours. Is this his watch ? 
 No, it is hers. Is this your money ? Yes, it is mine. Is that 
 his country-house? No, it is not his, it is hers. Pray, give 
 (you) to me my new saddle. I have yours not, but I will to you 
 mine lend. Pray, give you to me the golden ring of your bro- 
 ther. I have his not, but I will to you hers give. Pray, give 
 you to me one of your lamps. I can to them none of mine give, 
 but I will to you one of theirs send. Is this gentleman an ac- 
 quaintance of you {of yours) ? Yes, he is a friend of me (of 
 mine). Is Mr. N. your friend ? Yes, I believe so. Is Mrs. L. an 
 acquaintance of you (of yours ?) Yes, I believe she is a friend of 
 me (of mine). Belong these pictures to you? No, they belong 
 not to me, but to a friend of me {of mine) (or to one of my 
 friends). To which of your friends belongs this garden ? He 
 (it) belongs to my cousin N. Are this {these) your pens ? No, 
 it are not mine, they belong to a cousin of me (of mine) {or to 
 one of my cousins). Are this (these) your birds? No, it are 
 not ours, it are those of our friend B. Have you yet your 
 silver knives and forks ? Yes, we have yet ours, his and hers 
 (or theirs). Are this (these) your tables? No, it are those 
 of my sister {or they belong to my sister). 
 
 Exercise XIII. — Page 85. 
 
 2Ber tft ba ? who is there ? 3$ Vm eg, it is I. @fab @te eg ? is it you ? 
 (£r iji eg, it is he. ©ie tft eg, it is she. (Stub eg 3fr* ©cfwefient ? are 
 they your sisters ? Q?g jtnb mctnc ©c&fteftern nicfct, they are not my sisters. 
 
 Who is this gentleman ? It is my father. Who is that lady ? 
 It is my mother. Is this his grandfather? No, it is his 
 uncle. See you (do you see) that pretty bird ? Which? The 
 one who (which) sings. Whom sent you to him ? My servant. 
 
12 
 
 To whom paid you the money ? To our shoemaker and to his 
 tailor. "What said he ? Yfho is this stranger ? It is a relation 
 of me {of mine). It is a German, who to me news from your 
 father brought has. The boy to whom I the book gave, is the 
 son of our gardener. He who content is, is rich. He who 
 much speaks, does little. Who could that know ? Where is 
 he ? W ho is he ? He is in Germany. He is a friend of me 
 (of mine) . W T here were you ? Where did he that ? Which of 
 his sons is dead ? What said you to him and to her ? Who 
 said to you this ? Know you who it to him said ? Know you 
 what he to him said ? Know you where he it to him said ? 
 
 Whose house is that ? It is that of Mr. N. It is mine. 
 Whose pen is this ? It is that of my father. It is yours. To 
 whom belongs this hat ? He (it) belongs to me. He (it) be- 
 longs to my son. To whom belongs this muff? She (it) 
 belongs to my aunt. To whom belong these flowers ? They 
 belong to us (to me ; to thee ; to him ; to her ; to you ; to 
 them ; to you). They belong to my sister. What belongs to 
 you of these things ? This apple, that pear and this glass. 
 Whatever he say may, I believe to him not. Whoever it com- 
 mand may, I shall it not do. We may go wherever you wish. 
 What sort of a man is here been? An old man. What sort of 
 a one ? The one to whom you the money to pay have. What 
 sort of a woman was here ? A young woman. What sort of a 
 one ? Your washerwoman. What sort of a horse have you 
 bought? A brown. I have a book bought. What sort of a 
 one? Goethe's Faust. What ladies will come? Mrs. N. and 
 Mrs. 0. What gentlemen expect you ? I expect the Messrs. 
 N. and 0. Have you good coffee ? Yes, I have some. Have 
 you fresh milk ? Yes, I have some. Have you change ? Yes, 
 I have some. Have you apples and plums ? Yes, I have some. 
 Such a friend (masc.) and such a friend (fern.) deserve confi- 
 dence. Such an enemy deserves contempt. Such a conduct 
 
13 
 
 recommends a young man not. Such a man's son finds sup- 
 port. To such a man should I it not given have. That {those) 
 are good people. Are this {these) good people ? This friend 
 is faithful, that enemy is dangerous. To whom belongs that 
 house ? Which ? That \uth the large windows and the small 
 doors. It belongs to his uncle or to his aunt. It belongs to 
 our cousin, who it lately bought has. What a fine man ! 
 What a pretty woman ! What a lovely child ! What weather ! 
 What man is this? What woman is that? Is the house, 
 which you bought have, large ? Is that merchant so rich as 
 this ? Whose paper have you taken ? I have that of my 
 nephew taken. Which is the paper that you to-day received 
 have ? This have I to-day and that yesterday received. The 
 house, the door of which you admired, belongs to a rich Jew. 
 He who that not believe will {he) must leave it alone, What 
 sort of a bird is that? It is a sparrow. Which of your sons 
 is in Oxford ? Which of your daughters is the youngest ? 
 What for call you me ? Who and where is the gentleman, who 
 to you this beautiful horse sold has ? I know it not. Which 
 hotel is the best ? Which is the best hotel in Cologne ? 
 
 Exercise XIY.— Page 89. 
 
 Is some one here been ? No, there is no-one here been. 
 To whom have you it said? I have it yet to no-one said. 
 Why have you not some one to him sent ? Have you something 
 from them received? No, I have nothing from them received. 
 No, I have nothing at all from them received. Yes, I have 
 something from them received. Knows some-one it? Yes, 
 every one knows it. Who for instance ? Your parents, your 
 sisters, your grandparents, your niece, many of your friends 
 and all your enemies know it. Are you of that sure ? Yes, 
 all whom I to you named have, know it, but neither the Ger- 
 man and the Dutchman, nor the Norwegian know it, even not 
 your servant. Has none of my teachers after me enquired? 
 
14 
 
 Is Germany a rich or a poor country? It is neither of 
 the two, but it is a large country. Have you anything? 
 Yes, I have empty bags. Why have you nothing therein 
 (in them)? Wherein (in where)? In your empty bags. 
 Have you butter and cheese? Yes, will you thereof? (will 
 you have any) ? Yes, give you to me if you please some 
 thereof, (some of it, of them). Pray give you to me some 
 meat. What sort of meat wish you (to have) ? I beg for 
 beef. Will you (have) veal ? Yes, give you to me if you please 
 some of it. Waiter, bring you to me something to eat. What 
 wish you to have ? What sort of meat have you? We have 
 good beef, mutton, veal and pork, or wish you venison (to 
 have) ? Yes, bring you to me some thereof (of it), I am hungry 
 and thirsty. What sort of wine drink (take) you ? Bring you 
 to me red wine. How much? Bring you to me a bottle 
 thereof (of it). Bring you to me a bottle (of) Rhinewine. 
 What sort command (wish) you ? Give you to me a half bottle 
 (of) Niersteiner or old Johannisberger. Whereof (of what) 
 spoke you? Whereafter (what) asked he you? I have it 
 myself seen. He has it himself done. Even Schiller, Goethe 
 and Voss were of this opinion. Even a child can that compre- 
 hend. My sister is not there been and I neither. 
 
 Exercise XV.— Page 104. 
 The pupil saw his teacher come and took his book. When 
 the pupil his teacher come saw, took he his book. The pupil, 
 who his teacher come saw, took his book. If you not at home 
 remain, so go I also out. Why smile you ? Because I gay 
 am. Why weep you? Because my friend died is. Why are 
 you vexed ? Because I my beautiful glass broken have and it 
 not mended be can. Do to thy neighbour, what thou wishest 
 that he to thee may do. Where nothing is, loses the king his 
 right. God sees thee when thou thyself alone thinkest. When 
 
15 
 
 the snow falls, make the children snow-balls, and when the 
 frost comes, slide they on the ice. I was so thirsty, that my 
 lips quite dry were. The timid hare sleeps with open eyes, 
 but the lion does the same, although he fearless is. The older 
 thou growest, the nearer comest thou to thy grave. "When he 
 this said, began the eyes of my friend to water. The seaman 
 fears the waterfowls, because they often the forerunners of a 
 storm are. 
 
 Neighbour, in the sense of brother is rendered by bet Sftctcfrfle, an adjec- 
 tive used substantively, but when it means one dwelling near, we say bet 
 
 Vlafyhax. 
 
 When Jesus twelve years old was, went he for the first time 
 with his parents to Jerusalem to the passover. And when the 
 days fulfilled were and they again home went, remained Jesus 
 at Jerusalem, and his parents knew it not, for they thought he 
 were among the companions, and sought him therefore among 
 their relations and acquaintances. When they him however 
 not found, went they back to Jerusalem, and sought him there, 
 where they him in the temple sit found, among the teachers, 
 that he to them listened and asked. And all, who to him 
 listened, wondered (themselves) at his understanding and his 
 answers. And when his parents him saw, said his mother to 
 him : My son, why hast thou that done 1 Look, thy father 
 and I have thee with sorrow sought. But he said : How could 
 you me seek ? Knew you not, that I be must in that which 
 my father's is? And they understood the saying not, which 
 he to them spoke* 
 
 Das Gebet des Herm, the Lord's Prayer . . page 105 
 
 — auf Gsrben. In the old High-German language feminine substan- 
 tives were declined also in the singular ; such expressions are: ju ©Mtfiett, 
 in favour of; fcCtt ©etteit, on the part of; on fetner <0eitcn, by his side, 8fc. 
 Das Glaubensbekenntnisz, the belief .... — 105 
 
16 
 
 Die zehn Gebote, the ten commandments . . . — 105 
 Ein allgemeines Tischgehet, a general grace . . — 106 
 Dankgebet nach Tische, grace after dinner . . — 106 
 
 Compound Words. — Page 107. 
 Kernel-fruit is a fruit, which from a kernel up-grown is. 
 Stone-fruit is a fruit, which a stone has. The fruit-tree is a 
 tree, which fruit bears. The fruit-kernel is a kernel, the 
 kernel-fruit is a fruit. The work-day is a day, the day's-work 
 is a work ; the journey-day; the day's-journey ; the pigeon- 
 house, the house-pigeon ; the garden-flower, the flower-garden. 
 
 Exercise XVI.— Page 108. 
 I have to my eldest brother my interesting book lent. To 
 my eldest brother have I my interesting book lent. My inte- 
 resting book have I to my eldest brother lent. Have you your 
 interesting book to your eldest brother lent ? No, I have my 
 interesting book to my eldest brother not lent. I have my 
 interesting book not to my eldest, but to my youngest brother 
 lent. If I my interesting book to my eldest brother not lent 
 had, so would he angry become he. If I my interesting book 
 not to my brother lent had, so should I it to you lend. Why 
 have you your book to your brother lent ? Because he it wished. 
 Why have you your book not to your brother lent ? Because 
 I it to my uncle lent had. Why have you your book to your 
 brother not lent ? Because I it not for him fit thought. If I 
 to my brother my book lent had, so would he it torn have. 
 Had I to my brother my book lent, so should I it no more 
 have. I wish you had your good book to your negligent 
 brother lent ! 
 
 Exercise XVII.— Page 111, 
 
 Little (referring to quantity), itfemg; little (referring to size), fleui; as : 
 
 ft ift em ikimx Tlann. <Em tvcmg Scin, a little wine. £>akn ©ieSefn 
 
17 
 
 QtmtQ 2 . have you wine enough? 3$ £ctoe nut roetttg (or mdjt Sriel), 
 aber genug, I have not much, but enough, ©prec&en @ie beutfcfj ? do you 
 speak German ? (?in rcenig, a little. 
 
 This my good child is always obedient. Have you some 
 good friends 1 Yes, I have of them many. Have you much 
 good salt? Yes, I have some. Have you much good paper ? 
 No, I have but a little. Have you many powerful enemies ? 
 No, I have of them only very few. Have you a house 1 Yes, 
 I have a large {one) and a small (one). Is it a good (one)1 
 Yes, it is a very good and convenient (one). Every new house 
 is damp. She has much money, but little sense. Have you 
 many good pens ? I have much paper and ink and many good 
 pens. She has many pretty and costly things. He has to me 
 various trifles sent. We have half England and the whole of 
 Ireland through-travelled. He is a London citizen. He is a 
 Hambro' merchant's son and a very nice man. This young 
 man is a learned man's son. Here is a steel-pen. Is it a good 
 (one) 1 I believe so. A nobleman is not always a noble (-minded) 
 man; and a noble(- minded) man is not always a nobleman. 
 A noble(-minded) lady is not always a noble-lady. 
 
 Exercise XVIII— Page 114. 
 
 My garden is large, his (one) is larger, but yours is the 
 largest. Where is your youngest brother ? He is with my 
 eldest sister to Germany gone. Is your uncle richer than your 
 cousin ? My aunt is the richest of all my relations. Is your 
 youngest niece a long time in Germany been ? She is for a 
 year there been. Pray, give you to me better writing-paper. 
 I have no better paper, but I will to you my best ink and good 
 pens give. Have you a good German grammar ? Yes, but my 
 sister has a better (one) than I. Our father is the most happy 
 man. He is just so happy as our nephew rich is. My niece 
 is more happy than her grandmother, she is also richer than 
 your grandfather, but she is less pretty than the bride of my 
 2 
 
18 
 
 friend. Whose situation is less agreeable than his ? His ne- 
 phew's son is a more industrious boy than William. 
 
 The lion is the noblest animal-of-prey and less bloodthirsty 
 than the tiger. This wine is more expensive and better than that. 
 The peasant is a more useful member of the human society than 
 the soldier. The travelling in England is very cheap ; it is nearly 
 as cheap as (it is) in Germany, but where is it cheapest? The 
 weather is to-day as pleasant as it yesterday was ; it is a little 
 warmer. Was it yesterday indeed colder than it to-day is 1 
 My boots are much better and yet cheaper than yours. Have 
 you London ale ? Have you Hambro' (smoke-dry) beef? Good 
 Rhinewine is better than the best porter. Have you ever the 
 very-best London porter tasted ? Have you more money than 
 your friend ? I have a bad dinner had, my breakfast was just 
 as bad, but the wine was worst. Are you longer in Germany 
 been than I ? The days are now longer than the nights ; con- 
 sequently are the nights shorter than the days. You are very 
 kind. He is very officious, but his brother is more officious. 
 Who is the most obliging (one) among all your friends? Your 
 cousin spoke loud, your uncle laughed louder, and your 
 sister sang loudest. Iron is hard, steel is harder, but platina 
 is the hardest metal. This water is deep, that weil is deeper, 
 but this (one) is deepest. This milk is sour, this apple is 
 sourer, but your wine is sourest. My friend's ox is fat, his 
 sheep are fatter, but his cow is fattest. He has a bitter almond 
 and more bitter wormwood. His mother wept the bitterest 
 tears at his conduct. The weather was yesterday mild, to-day 
 is it yet milder. He is more false than brave. What sort of 
 weather is it ? It is rough, much rougher than yesterday. 
 
 To express the notion of continuity we use lattg, placed after the sub- 
 stantive, as : rutin qavtf$ Men lang, all my lifetime ; einen gcm^en 9)?o* 
 ttat lang, for a whole month; eine 3ett(ang, for a while ; lattge or eme 
 fcmge 3^t, a long time ; rratf) tanaer 3tit, after a long time ; em langer 
 
19 
 
 SJtat, a tall man; em laxiqtX 33aum, a lofty tree ;— fc&Ott fottge, Wn$, 
 a long while ago ; nocfo Xiifyt gar lange, not long since, but lately ; n0# 
 lange nt$t sjoltfommen, far from being perfect ; fo lang i$ benfen farm, 
 
 while I remember ; ftc fonttten lan^e lefn Sort fprecfeen, they were a long 
 time without speaking a word ; er 6ctt §an$ett>ct(e, he wants pastime ; the 
 time hangs heavy on his hands ; btC $zit ttHtb tyl lart£J, she wants company. 
 
 Exercise XIX.— Page 117. 
 
 Pray, tell (you) to me how far it from London to Greenwich 
 is. The distance between London and Greenwich is about four 
 English miles. Know you, whether the streets of London more 
 clean are than those of Mentz? Have you von Schiller's 
 poems ? Yes, I have Fredrick von Schiller's works. Have you 
 W. von Gothe's and Korner's works read ? Have you the 
 statue of the Duke of Wellington seen ? This is during the 
 reign of Victoria the first happened. It happened after the 
 death of William the fourth. Know you the duke of York ? 
 Have you Sir Robert Peel's black horse seen ? 
 
 Exercise XX.— Page 119. 
 George the third, king of England, died in the one and six- 
 tieth year of his reign. The first (of) May is a great holiday 
 for the chimney-sweepers in London. The battle of Waterloo 
 was on the eighteenth (of) June fought, that of Trafalgar on 
 the one and twentieth (of) October. Japhet was Noah's first 
 son. Christ is on the third day risen from the death. The 
 thirtieth (of) March is my birth-day. Pray, give you to me 
 the first, second, third, fourth and eight volume of his new 
 work. Pray, give you to him the ninth and thirteenth volume. 
 Gave he to you the fourteenth and fifteenth volume of W. Scott's 
 works? What asked he you? My neighbour asked me what 
 day of the month we to-day have. Know you what date we 
 to-day write 1 Yes, we have the four and twentieth (of) May. 
 No, I know it (for) certain {lam sure) that we to-day the five 
 
20 
 
 and twentieth write. Send you to me yet one (one more) copy 
 of Gothe's works. Wish you also one more copy of Schiller's 
 works ? No, I thank you, but I want one more German diction- 
 ary and one more German grammar. Pray, send you to me an 
 other German dictionary, the one which I received have, is too 
 small. Pray, give you to us an other box. Pray, give you to 
 us one more box. Pray, give you to us yet one more book. 
 Give you to us yet one more book. Know you of which country 
 Henry the eighth king was ? Yes, he was king of England. 
 Charles the fifth was emperor of Germany and king of Spain. 
 William the fourth was king of England, Scotland and Ireland. 
 Who was Francis the first ? He was emperor of Austria. Who 
 is now queen of England ? Victoria the first. What is the 
 name of the consort of the queen Victoria the first ? Is to-day 
 the eight and twentieth (of) April ? No, it is to-day the nine 
 and twentieth. 
 
 Page 123. 
 Hegiages through-travelled his empire without retinue and 
 without any mark of distinction. He met (to) an Arab of the 
 desert and addressed him with these words : " My friend, do 
 tell me, what sort of a man this Hegiages is, of whom one so 
 much talks ? " " Hegiages " answered the Arab "is not a man, 
 he is a monster ! " What reproaches one to him? " A multitude 
 of crimes/ ' " Hast thou him ever seen ? " " No ! " " Well 
 then, lift thy eyes up, thou speakest to him ! " The Arab, 
 without the least surprise to show, looked at him with firm eye, 
 and said : " But know you who I am V* " No ! " "I am of 
 ***** family Zobair, out of which every offspring one day in the 
 ^*ar foolish is ; to-day is my day." Hegiages laughed at a so 
 ingenious excuse. 
 
 N. fern 3M# fem-e 3Jem)-e 
 
 G. fem-c$ 9fcet($-ea fem-er JRetcM 
 
 D. fein-em Oieic^-e fern-en 9?euf>-en 
 
 A. fern 9?em) fem-e $em>e. 
 
21 
 
 N. bie jtnnmcH dntf^ulbiguna bie fmnretc^-en ©ntftyulbtgwtg-en 
 
 G. ber ftmtretd)-en (Sntfc^ulbtgung ber ftnrtreic^-en (Sntfdjutbigung-en 
 
 D. ber finnreicfy-en Grntfdjtu'biguncj benfimtreicfKn @ntfcjmlbigung-en 
 
 A. bie finnrei#-e (Sntfcfculbigung bie ftnnretdj-en ^ntfc|tttbigung-en. 
 
 Exercise XXL— Page 137. 
 
 Who bakes the bread 1 The baker. What bakes the baker ? 
 The bread. Has the baker the bread baked ? The baker has 
 the bread well (badly, not well) baked. The cook roasted the 
 cock. Who has the cock roasted ? The cook. What has the 
 cook roasted ? The cock. The cook has the cock not roasted, 
 but she has him (it) cooked. Why has the cook the cock yet 
 not roasted ? The dog bit the boy. Has a dog you bitten ? 
 The boy cheated his teacher and his school-comrades. Who 
 was by the boy cheated? The girl broke a glass. Who has 
 a glass broken ? The grandmother scolded her granddaughter. 
 Why has the grandmother her granddaughter scolded? I know 
 it not. Know you it really not ? Have you it never known ? 
 Who will with you go ? (Who is going with you ? ) Who went 
 with her ? Who is with your sister gone ? My mother and 
 my brother are with her gone. Know you to whom this gen- 
 tleman resembles ? Who has to him ever resembled ? Who 
 called me ? Called you me ? Has any-one you called ? Do 
 call him. I have him (you know) already called. I called 
 him (surely) already. I shot a hare. Where shot you a deer? 
 I have no deer, but a stag shot. He wished to a stag shoot and 
 hit a donkey. Who sings ? Who sang just now 1 Your niece 
 sings very beautifully. No, she has very badly sung ? When 
 and where sang she ? Has she yesterday sung ? What found 
 you just nowl I have nothing found. When and where died 
 your father ? My father is not died. With whom came you ? 
 I am with your uncle come. He threw the nosegay on the 
 table. Find you it to-day cold, cool or warm? Found you the 
 
22 
 
 weather yesterday pleasant 1 Of whom think you now ? I thought 
 of my parents. Think you often of met What did this man 
 there 1 He has nothing done. That have I well thought (I 
 thought so.) 
 
 Exercise XXII. — Page 141. 
 Will you to me a glass (of) wine give. Pray, give you to me 
 some bread and cheese. Waiter, bring you to me a newspaper. 
 Which newspaper wish you {to have) 1 Have you the Times ? 
 Yes. Then bring you to me that. Will you to me some eggs 
 bring. Let you us into the theatre go. Let you us at home 
 remain. Let you us home go. Let you us out-go. Remain 
 at home, children. Come soon back, boys. Give you to me 
 a cigar. What sort? I beg for a principes. Waiter, bring 
 you to me sl cup (of) coffee ! 
 
 A nobleman, who highway-robbery carried-on had, was pri- 
 soner taken and in Paris brohen-on-a-wheel. The clergyman 
 of his village, who him to the prayer of his parishioners recom- 
 mended, said, "Let us God pray for the Sir of N., our land- 
 lord, who in Paris of his wounds died is. 
 
 3$ aBer ttritfg; er foil bod) ! I, however, will have it ; he surely shall > 
 ©ieb' £)id) bod) urn, pray look round you ! 9?tmm nod) em ©olbjiihf , abcr 
 bantt laf ab 0011 mtr ! Take another piece of gold, hut then leave me I 
 S)5rob' c3 bod) 'mat, pray make a single attempt. (From Undine.) 
 
 Charles the fifth was in his youth indefatigable the living 
 languages to learn. "For" used he often to say: "Italian 
 must I know, in order with the pope, Spanish, in order with 
 my mother (Joan), English, in order with my aunt (Margaret 
 of York), Dutch, in order with my friends and play-fellows, 
 French, in order with myself to speak, German, however, 
 that T once emperor become can. 
 
23 
 
 Exercise XXIIL— -Page 143. 
 
 My correspondent in Hamburgh answered the letter of my 
 father. The smith has to me this axe recommended. The 
 marshal dismissed the cadet. Our teacher has to us this rule 
 explained. Who has the battle of Waterloo won ? His uncle 
 left to him a large fortune. You have your son spoiled. Why 
 have you to him not contradicted ? The enemy destroyed the 
 town. His conduct has to me much displeased. 
 
 A scholar wished to go-on-a-journey and begged the rector 
 of the school for permission thereto. This-one refused it ; he 
 went to the co-rector, and it (there) ensued a like answer. 
 Of-this-notwithstanding went he away. When he now re- 
 turned, should (was to) he on account of his disobedience 
 punished be ; he excused himself however with the gramma- 
 tical rule : Two negations are to an affirmation alike. 
 
 I had the pleasure your letter ta receive. Had Blucher or 
 Wellington the glory the battle of Waterloo to decide 1 Has 
 he a right to you to contradict? 
 
 Exercise XXfV.— Page 145. 
 
 %U cr bte 5lugen nacfc bcm Salbe auf^ofc, f am e£ tym $an$ etgent* 
 lid) .5) or, att fel;e cr burd) bag Saubegttter ben mcfenben Wlaxm |)cr$or 
 fonttttcn, when he raised his eyes towards the wood, it appeared to him 
 quite distinctly, as if he saw the nodding man come forth through the 
 web-work of leaves. (From Undine.) 
 
 Who of your acquintances goes out ? Go you out ? No, I 
 go not out, but my father will out-go. The mail arrived at 
 eight o'clock. When arrived the letter ? When the letter from 
 my brother arrived, was my mother not at home. He has an 
 intentiop out-to-carry. He has his intention already out-car- 
 ried. When carried he it out? When I about was to the Rhine 
 to go, received I the news of the death of my cousin, and this 
 held me back. Because me this then back held, must I later 
 
24 
 
 off-set. The servant brought the tea in when my mother and 
 my sister away-went. My mother and my sister went away 
 when the servant the tea in-brought. When went your niece 
 and your cousin away ? They are just now away-gone. Why 
 went your tailor away? It was not my tailor who away-went, 
 but it was the joiner, whom the carpenter here-sent has. Why 
 sent the carpenter the joiner here 1 Because I to him some- 
 thing to order had. What have you to him ordered ? I ordered 
 (to) him to me a chest-of- drawers to make. Leave you o/me 
 to torment. Who is the gentleman, who there about- walks ? 
 Where walks a gentleman about ? 1 know him not. Know 
 you the gentleman, who to your brother assisted ? Assisted 
 some one to my brother ? Has any one to my brother assisted ? 
 Stood you near when he the letter read ? Who has to you 
 assisted ? Who has near to you stood. 
 2)et (or berjentge welder) btefe @efd)td)te auffd)reibt, he who writes this 
 
 history. @fe$' C3 tyttt nad), excuse him; id) fe$e eg tbttt Xiatf), I excuse 
 
 him ; id) ^abe e3 t^m nacbgefcfjen, I have excused him ; 3$ roerbe e$3#nen 
 rtacfofef>cn, I shall excuse you. 
 
 fmlbbrartbS ©emittb. begarm, ftcb DonUnbtnen ah = , unb 33ertatben ju* 
 
 aU=tt>enbCJt, H.'s mind began to turn away from Undine and to turn to 
 
 Bertalda,— fo ba£ em falter ©cbauber tfm balb *>on tyx n>eg, unb bem 
 2ftenfd)enfmbe ©ertalba entgegen trteb, so that a cold shuddering would 
 soon drive him away from her, and (would drive him) towards Bertalda 
 
 a human being, [em falter @d)auber trtcb tfm baib *>on tyx mc\ unb (trtcb 
 tbn) bem 2J?enfd)enfmbe Sertalba entgegen,] (Undine.) 
 
 Exercise XXV. — Page 150. 
 
 What costs a quarter pound of this coffee ? What costs a 
 half pound tea? What cost two-and a half ells of this cloth? 
 Three and a half dollars. What costs a half bottle Rhinewine? 
 One and a half florins. What costs the half of this cheese? 
 Four and a h alf dollars. What costs this blue coat? Twelve 
 and a half dollars. What costs this hat? Four and a third 
 
25 
 
 (part of a) dollars. Can you to me a half sovereign change? 
 
 yes. How many dollars give you to me for a half sovereign ? 
 
 1 will to you three and a half dollars Prussian Current-money 
 therefore (for it) give. How much say you ? Three and a 
 half dollars Prussian Current-money. What is a sovereign in 
 Cologne worth ? About seven dollars Prussian current-money. 
 Is the change always equal ? No, sometimes receives one in 
 Aix-la-Chapelle only six and three fourths dollars Prussian 
 current- mtfney for a sovereign of English money. 
 
 Know you what o'clock it is ? Can you to me tell what o'clock 
 it is ? Yes, it is nearly four o'clock. Know you that for sure ? 
 I believe it is three quarters upon four (a quarter to four). It 
 is a quarter upon five (£ past 4.) It is five minutes after (past) 
 four. It is five minutes before seven. Is it already six? No, 
 it is only half six (| past 5). Is it already seven ? Yes, it is 
 already half eight (•£ past 7). 
 
 A little Jew's-boy was in the public school by the teacher 
 asked : " How many quarters has an ell ? " " Three and a half 
 quarters " — was the answer. 
 
 Exercise XXYI. — Page 152. 
 
 I have to him that more than once said, and say it to you 
 now once for all. It is to me all one. He is a double-tongued 
 man. Three times three are nine ; four times five are twenty ; 
 five times six are thirty ; nine times ten are ninety ; twelve 
 times twenty are two hundred and forty. The bear goes on 
 all four (feet). The last-born son was the darling of the mo- 
 ther. I waited till last. First do this and then that. He 
 has manyfold rewards received. I have him more than ten 
 times warned. Half boiled and half roasted. This is my last 
 word. I went from one end of the garden to the other. 
 
 33 1 $. 23arten ®tc fete morgcn, wait till to-morrow ; U$ SWontag, till 
 Monday ; M$ |)CUte 2lknt>, till this evening ; b{3 auf ben $feent>, till evening ; 
 
26 
 
 M$ art ben Sftorgen, till morning; bi$ jum anbern SJfora,en, till the next 
 
 morning ; big auf btefen Sag, till this day, even to this day ; btS ctltf btefert 
 SlugenWtcf, till this moment. 33t3 jejjt, tf^er, hitherto, till now ;bt6 bter* 
 
 f>er, to this place ; M# ba|rirt, to that place.— 33i3 an ben £ats im Staffer, 
 up to the chin in water; cr ttarb rott) U$ an bie D^ren, he blushed up to 
 his ears ; er ift nut M$ grattf retcfy gefommen, he is but come to France. 
 
 Exercise XXVII.— Page 152. 
 
 Correspondence between the sacristan of the cathedral in 
 Berlin and the king Fredrick the Great. 
 
 Sire ! I inform your Majesty, firstly : that hymn-books for 
 the royal family are wanting ; I inform your Majesty secondly : 
 that there is wood wanting, the royal tribunal properly to warm ; 
 I inform your Majesty thirdly : that the ballustrade, towards 
 the river, behind the church, to-fall-down threatens. 
 
 Answer of the king. 
 I inform the (Mr.) sacristan Schmidt for the first : that he 
 who sing will, himself books buy may. I inform the (Mr.) 
 sacristan Schmidt for the second : that he who himself warm 
 will, wood buy may ; I inform the (Mr.) sacristan Schmidt 
 for the third: that the ballustrade towards the river him no- 
 thing concerns ; I inform the (Mr.) sacristan Schmidt for the 
 fourth : that I no farther correspondence with him have will. 
 
 I saw two and two ladies, three and three gentlemen, four 
 and four children together go. They arrived two (at a time), 
 three (at a time), four (at a time) or five at a time. These 
 two learned- men are of one (or the same) opinion. It is to 
 me the same (thing). Here are three sorts (of) sugar, two 
 sorts (of) coffee and four sorts (of) tea. 
 
 Exercise XXVIIL— Page 156. 
 This is the privilege of every honest man. Some people said 
 this. I have many-an hour pleasantly with him spent. Has 
 
27 
 
 your guardian to you something sent? No, he has to me 
 nothing sent. Give you to me if you please some bread. \ 
 want paper and pens. I want ink. Want you also wafers or 
 sealing-wax and a seal? Has your brother to you something 
 given ? Yes, he has to me some money, some paper, a few 
 wafers, some ink and a few steel* pens given. Have you money ? 
 Yes, I have money enough. Can you to me some money lend ? 
 No, I have none. Have you ever such a thing seen ? Have 
 you much gold ? I have only a little gold, but I have much 
 silver. He has his whole property wasted-in-gaming. I have 
 all his books seen. Have you also all his gold seen ? All his 
 books, empty bags and empty wine-bottles are the inheritance 
 of his nephew. Pray, give you to me some (a few) apples, 
 some {a few) pears, some (a few) plums, some (a few) apricots, 
 some (a few) sweet-oranges, some (a few) nuts, some (a little) 
 sugar, some (a little) milk, some water, some meat, a cup (of) 
 coffee, a cup (of) tea and a glass (of) wine. Take some 
 almonds or some raisins. Pray, take you a glass (of) lemon- 
 ade, some cherries or some honey. Pray, give you to my 
 (Mr.) neighbour a bunch of grapes or a sweet-orange. Some 
 salt, pray (or if you please). Some pepper, pray. Have you 
 cream enough ? Have you milk and sugar enough ? Where, 
 with (with what) can I (to) you serve ? I thank to you, I have 
 of all. I beg for some milk. Give you to me some more 
 wine, if you please. Give you to me some more bread, if 
 you please. I beg for a butter-bread (some bread and 
 butter)* Shall I to you some more pudding give? I beg 
 for a small piece. Yes, if you please. No, I thank (you). 
 Will you (have) some more mustard? Command you (will 
 you take) some more wine I May I for a little salt ask ? 
 
 Have you any thing to eat ? Yes, I have pudding, roast 
 beef, roast veal, roast mutton, venison and vegetables. What 
 command you (what will you take) ? I beg for a plate (of) 
 
28 
 
 yenisoii. Waiter, bring you to me a piece of pudding. Have 
 you any thing to drink ? Yes, I have red wine. Have you 
 nothing to eat ? No. Have you nothing to drink ? Yes, I 
 have fresh spring-water. What have we to pay ? What have 
 you had ? Have you anything bought ? No, we have nothing 
 bought. Where has # your brother all his money wasted-in- 
 gaming ? How much wine have you had 1 We have one-and- 
 a half bottles (of) Rhinewine had. If a whole bottle (of) 
 Champaign five florins costs, what costs then a half bottle? 
 The half of five is two-and-a-half. We have very little water* 
 but much wine drunk. Your brothers have many friends, 
 but few enemies. This (these) are all English shawls. 
 Have your {Mrs.) mother, your {Mrs.) aunt, your (Miss) 
 sister and your (Miss) cousin many silk gloves ? Yes, 
 they have each several pairs. Has your {Miss) sister 
 none but silk gloves? Has your (Mrs.) mother none 
 but leather shoes ? No, she has many silk shoes, but she has 
 more leathern. Is (there) much money in London ? Yes, 
 there is much money in London. Are there many markets in 
 London ? Yes, there are very many markets. 
 
 Exercise XXIX.— Page 159. 
 It has yesterday hailed, thundered, lightened and stormed, 
 and to-day rains it, also blows it strongly. It is said, the prince 
 of S. be died, but it appears, as if this news overhasty be. 
 It concerns the fight for liberty, right and fatherland. It con- 
 cerned his honour, (his honour was at stake) . It concerned his 
 good reputation. (His good reputation was at stake). It for- 
 bodes to me (I anticipate) that I a letter from my brother 
 receive shall. To him is due esteem. To every honest man 
 displeases such a conduct. Me and him freezes, hungers and 
 thirsts. It wondered us your parents there to see. It is the 
 question, (it is uncertain) whether our relations come will. 
 
29 
 
 Hungered you ? {were you hungry ? ) Hungers you (are you 
 hungry ? ) Thirsts you (are you thirsty ? ) Were you thirsty ? 
 Such a play may be looked at. We had yesterday evening 
 (last night) company (a party), and there was much sung, 
 joked, danced, played and laughed, (singing, joking, dancing, 
 playing and laughing). I regret him offended to have. 1 re- 
 'pent to him that said to have. What do you repent of? 
 What do you want ? I want money and patience to wait. It 
 has to me the opportunity been wanting. What for is due to 
 him contempt? To him is due contempt, because he dishonest 
 is. Itforboded to me, to thee, to him, to her, to us, to you, 
 to you, and to them, (/, thou, he, she, we, you, you, they anti- 
 cipated). It gladdened me, thee, him, her, us, you, you, and 
 them (I was glad, thou wast glad, &c.) To whom behoves it? 
 It behoves to my father, to thy mother, to his uncle, to her 
 brother, to our brother-in-law, to your parents, to your children, 
 to her (or to their) relations. It surprised my teacher, thy 
 cousin, his sister, her aunt, our relations, your grandparents, 
 your nephews, their daughters. To whom succeeded it (who 
 succeeded) his purpose to obtain? (To) the godfather of my 
 brother, (to) the godmother of thy sister, (to) the niece of his 
 friend (masc), (to) the friend (fern.) of her grandfather, (to) 
 the brothers of your friends, (to) the sisters of your teachers 
 and (to) the parents-in-law of the rich merchant. It dawns 
 already. It dawned already at 5 o'clock. Me pains my foot. 
 What aches you? My head and my finger. I have head-aches. 
 Have you tooth-ache ? 
 
 We often use the pronoun e $ to express some unknown, strange or my- 
 sterious agency, as : att er eg im 2Mbegbunfet rctuf^en fcorte, as he heard 
 a rushing in the darkness of the wood ; e g tt>arb CUtd) braitf en ffttfe, all 
 without became still. 3)a ricf eg neben tf)m mtt anmutJjtfter @tunme, 
 that instant a gentle voice cried near him. Slbcr CWg beg 33rutmeng Deff* 
 nung fite$ eg Qkify etttcr SBafferfauIe fcerauf, but an appearance rose from 
 the opening of the fountain like a white column of water. (From Undine.) 
 
30 
 
 2£te fbnnte e3 bent IteBeit jungcn Slut einfallen, aire Seute son tyrcn 
 
 @t|cn JU Oerjagen? how is it possible, that so good a young man could 
 think of driving old people from their seats ? (£$ mag mit it)rett @d)afereien 
 ganj tt?a3 2trttge$ fetn, her frohcs may be something very pleasing ; e3 ifi 
 
 gar ein 2lnbre6, unb tie tjeitige ©ebulb felbften rcitrb' eg am ©nbe fatt, 
 that is quite a different affair, and would at last weary out the patience 
 even of a saint ; e3 fre$t bort nod) ein rea;t arttges ©efjetein, there is still 
 
 quite a snug little chair ; fte metnt e3 nic&t bbfe, she means no harm ; e6 
 ging inbeffen, it turned out however, (£$ ftnbnun moBt fitnfeelm 3at)re»er= 
 gangen, it is now about fifteen years since. (?3 ifi freiu'd) iei armen §eu= 
 ten nicbt fo t)amit, rote 3!? r & meinen mogt, §>err fitter, poor people, to 
 be sure, cannot in such a case act as you may think, Sir knight ; e3 n?ar 
 
 §u nid)t3, it was all in vain ; xft fte nid)t gctauft, fo giebt'3 ba nid)t3 &u 36= 
 gem, ifi fte eg aber bod), fo fann bei guten 2)tngen $u roentg e&er fd)aben 
 Oh3 JU i)tet, if she has not been baptized, there is no time to be lost ; but 
 if she has been, it is more injurious, in regard to good things, to do too 
 little than too much. 
 
 aftanct) etnem gifttjer marb e3 fd)on fo gut, ein jarteg 28affertt?eib ;u be* 
 
 laufct)en, many a fisherman has been so fortunate as to catch a view of a 
 delicate maiden of the waters. %htX e3 i\t ein gar Ueble3 babct, but there 
 is some peculiar evd connected with it. (From Undine.) 
 
 Page 161. 
 
 Who has to you this commanded ? He offered to me his 
 support. My sister advised to me to you to write. I will to 
 you my horse show. We listened to you with great attention. 
 Your cousin announced to me the death of his son. Say you 
 to me {tell me) if you please what o'clock it is. He grudges 
 to us our happiness. Permit you to me you to accom- 
 pany. 
 
 Exercise XXX. — Page 165. 
 
 3d) scrtreibe ntir bie 3ett mit Scfen, I amuse myself with reading. 
 Qx oertreibt ftd) bie 3eit mit Spteten, he amuses himself at play. 
 SSomtt oertreiben ©ie ftd) bie 3ett? With what do you amuse yourself? 
 SBt'e beftnbet ftd) 3$re grau @emat>ltnn? How does Mrs.— find herself? 
 2Sie beftnbet ftd) 3£r £err ©ema^t? How does Mr.— find himself? 
 
31 
 
 %fltiW ftxau beftnbet fid) fe^r tt>0$l, my wife (Mrs.—) is very well. 
 
 2tf em Mann fceftnbet jtC& ttid)t tt>0$t, my husband (Mr.—) is not well. 
 
 2)ie grafle beartmwtet ftd) lcid)t, that question is easily answered. 
 
 2)tC £biire Offnete jtd), the door was opened. 
 
 2)a3 »erjie^t fid), tliat is a matter of course. — 
 
 (X>a foil ftc&'S entfd)ctben, there shall the decision be made. 3*t Seirten 
 Strmen riu)t fid)'3 fo gut, it is so grateful to rest in your arms. 3 n ^M" 
 gertben ^rpftcttfgettolben, burd) bie ber fnmmel mit ©onrt' unb ©terrten 
 
 j)ereirtjtef)t, mofyntfid)'gfd)on,in resounding domes of crystal, through 
 which the sky looks in with sun and stars, it is delightful to dwell. 
 
 From Undine.) 
 
 They deceive themselves. They deceive one another. We love 
 ourselves. We love one another. We love one another. They 
 trust themselves not. They trust one another not. She blames 
 herself. They blame themselves. They blame one another. He 
 has one of his fingers off-shot. I have it to him into the hand 
 given. I am confident it to execute. Are you confident it to 
 execute ? He recollected (himself of) me. She determined it to 
 do. He determined \t not to do. I find myself well. How finds 
 she herself ? How find they themselves ? How find you yourself ? 
 How finds herself your (Mrs.) mother ? How finds himself 
 your (Mr.) father? How finds himself your (Mr.) brother? 
 How finds herself your (Mrs.) sister? How finds herself your 
 (Miss) sister? My uncle finds himself not well. My aunt is 
 unwell. My sister finds herself poorly. Have mercy on him. 
 I am glad you to see. She fancies pretty to be (or that she 
 pretty be), but she is mistaken. Why quarrel the people ? 
 He shies the light not. We shy him not (we are not afraid of 
 him). I am glad you well to see. 
 
 Reflective pronouns precede other cases of the sentence, as : 
 3d) #at>e mid) mit metrtem S3rubcr tterfofmt, I have reconciled myself to 
 my brother. f>aft 25 u Qify mit ©emem Setter fcetfojjttt? Hast thou 
 reconciled thyself to thy cousin ? (?r bat fid) mit feinem DnM »erfd$nt, 
 he has reconciled himself to hi? uncle. 
 
32 
 
 ©fe grbgunge Darte fid) aug 2iebc $u ber blautt^ Haren, tt>imberc;etlen 
 
 gluf^ tn biefe |>incingebrangt, the tongue of land had forced itself 
 into it through love of the bluish clear, wonderfully transparent waters. — 
 
 (alg)— unb fid) bag ©eraufd) immer nafer nad) berSanb^unge fceraug* 
 
 30g, (—as — ) and the noise was every instant drawing nearer towards 
 the tongue of land ; Oom SBalbe,) nad) roeld)em fid) ber fitter einige 
 2#ale erfttrtbig te, concerning which the knight several times made en- 
 quiries; bie fid) bag finbifd)e Sefen gar nid)t a&gcrbo^nen to ill 
 who not by any means will give over the childish behaviour ; er meinte, 
 fte toerbe ft d) balb nad)£er in gtoiefaefcer 23Iobigfeit ttor feinen SBliden a b* 
 toenben, he imagined, that she would soon after turn away from his gaze 
 with double bashfulness ; fid) btd)t S>0r ben gifd)er |>infieHenb, placing 
 herself directly before the fisherman; bte £>augfrau, bie fid) tt.*3 §lud)t 
 unb ©efa^e bet toeitem nid)t fo gu f>erjen na£m, the mistress of the house, 
 who took U's flight and danger far less to heart ; fo oft fid) Oor ben $en* 
 ftertt bag ©erincjfie regie, whenever the slightest thing moved before the 
 
 windows ;— baf er f i d) enbltd) auf *einen ber ©riinbe, bie er gegen ben 
 Seamen Unbtne oorratfng ge^abt l)attz, mc£r befinncn fonnte, that he 
 at last could not remember any of the objections to the name of U., which 
 he had had ready. {From Undine.) 
 
 Exercise XXXI.— Page 1/3. 
 
 (£r l)at mid) etneg 55cffcrn bcte(;rt, he has set me right. 
 
 SKan bat tl;n beg f>oa)ocnatl)g befd)utbigt, he has been accused of high 
 treason. 
 
 9)lan §at tyn feittcg 2lmteg entfe^t, they have dismissed him from his 
 office. 
 
 3d) oerjtd)ere ©te nteiner 2ld)tung, I assure you of my esteem. 
 
 (£r toitrbigte mid) fetneg SSertraueng, he honoured me with his confidence. 
 
 2Sir nabmen ung ber 2Batfe an, we interested ourselves for the orphan. 
 
 Sebicnen ©ie fid) biefer giinftigen ®clegen|>eit, avail yourself of this 
 
 favourable opportunity. 
 
 (Erbarmen ©ie ftd) ber armen Winter, take pity on the poor children. 
 
 He accused his friend of the treason. The rich man robbed 
 the poor widow of her property. I freed him from his promise. 
 Your father deigned me of his friendship. The minister inter- 
 ested himself for (of)* me, (of) thee, (of) him, (of) her, (of) us, 
 
33 
 
 (of) you, (of) you, and (of) them. Thetsly man made use of 
 a mean expedient. His uncle resigned of his claims. The 
 enemies took possession of the town. Be ashamed of your 
 cowardice. The king took pity on (of) my brother, (of) thy 
 father, (of) his son, (of) her uncle, (of) our friends, (of) your 
 children, (of) your nephew, and (of) their niece. The captain 
 boasted of his boldness. Think you of me! Think of me ! 
 I think of you. He laughed at my anxiety. She made 
 sport of our faith. 
 
 Page 174. 
 
 We are of our duty always mindful. He was of the way 
 not acquainted (he did not know the way). He is of a deceit 
 suspected. It is not of the trouble worth, one more word to 
 say. Are you of the money in want I I am of your assistance 
 in need. 
 
 Exercise XXXII.— Page 182. 
 
 Where are you been ? Whither are you been 1 Whence 
 come you ? (Whence are you coming) ? Are you there ? Ah, 
 there are you. When are you there been 1 Why has your sis- 
 ter my mother not now and then visited ? Which of his bro- 
 thers came first and which of his sisters last ? My uncle will 
 (is going to) to-day and my aunt to-morrow come. Is my 
 cousin not the-day-before-yesterday or yesterday with you (at 
 your house) been 1 No. Then can (may) you him the-day- 
 after- to-morrow expect. He is everywhere and nowhere. 5 
 have at. present just as little money as you. He goes of the 
 morning to walk (he takes a walk in the morning), rides on 
 horseback in the afternoon and dances in the evening. His 
 son is always cheerful. My servant is just as stupid as yours 
 clever is. 
 
 It is dinner-time. At what time do you dine? At two 
 o'clock. When drink you tea ? (At what time do you take 
 your tea ?) At half six £j past 5) o'clock. At what time do 
 3 
 
34 
 
 you take supper ? At nine o'clock. What shal we for dinner 
 have? {What are we going to have for dinner?} We shall 
 beef and a pudding have. Bo you like pudding ? Yes, I like 
 pudding. 
 
 I intend to Germany to go. Will you to the Rhine go? 
 Yes, / should like it. Are you the Rhine up been? (Have 
 you been up the Rhine ?) No, but I shall this summer thither 
 go. I must to Cologne, Aix-la-Chapelle and Mentz go. Must 
 you also to Wiesbaden go ? No, I have there nothing to do, but 
 I must to Holland go. Are you a Dutchman ? No, I am no 
 Dutchman but a German. Know you more Dutch than Ger- 
 mans ? I know not one Dutchman, but I know many Germans. 
 
 Have you ever been in Germany? ©inb <Bk \t in ©eutfd)lanb gett>efett? 
 No, I have never been there, item, tcb bin nic bort gcftefen. I never was 
 
 in Germany, id) war nie (or niematg) in 2)eutfa)lanb; but I shall go 
 there shortly, aber id) tterbe nacbfteng bottom geben. 
 
 (£t faf eirteS fcbonen 2lbenb$ tox ber £bitr, he sat one fine evening before 
 the door, ©elben 2lugenblicf3 roarb fte (aucb) ben fitter getter, the same 
 moment she perceived the knight. 2Bit faf en benn nod) felbigen 2lbenbS 
 flift betfammen in bcr £)iitte, we sat on the same evening quietly together 
 in the hut. <DeS cmbern SttorgenS fief ftd) n>o^l abnebmen, baf fte fetnen 
 tvettew ©d)aben genommen $atti, next morning we could easily perceive, 
 that she had not received any further harm. (?r fd)ritt getrofien $?U$e3 
 ttefer in bie $Uttljen |inein, he fearlessly advanced deeper into the current. 
 2)er %\\§zx faf an biefem Slbenbe gan^ arglog hti ben 9ite|en, the fisher- 
 man sat by his nets this evening, neither fearing nor devising evil. (£r 
 
 fpratf) folgenbetmaf en, he spoke in the following manner. 2luffoId)e2Beife, 
 
 in such a manner ; auf mand)erlei SBeife, in various manners ; unkfonnC* 
 ncr SBeife, indiscreetly ; ttybrid)ter SSeife, foolishly. (The adverbial idea is 
 often expressed by the substantive SBeife, and an adjective in the form of 
 the genitive; these words are either written as two or they may be joined, 
 as: unhappily, nnglMicber 2Beife; possibly, mogttcbetfteife.) 
 (£rbetetered)t fraftiglid) einen biblifd)en ©prud) taut au€ bem 
 
 £er£enbetau3, he fervently repeated a passage of the Bible from his 
 
 very heart. ©er rocife §>engfi trat fo kifyt it*ber ben Stafen |>in, the 
 white steed stepped so lightly over the turf. #nb tt>ie tin $feit tt>ar fte 
 
35 
 
 cmS ber £$ur, unb pcfcttgen Saufeg tn bie ftnftere 9tatf)t $ina\x$, and swift 
 
 as an arrow she shot from the door, and vanished amid the darkness of the 
 night. Sir faljen f o in bag geuer beg §>eerbeg $ i n e i n , we kept looking 
 into the fire of the hearth ; son h?eit #er muf fte wo|)t gefciirtig fein, she 
 must surely have been born far from here. 3d) fonnte biefe fimf^n3a|>re 
 tjer mrt)tg t>on tyter f>erfunft erforfc&en, I have been unable, for these fif- 
 teen years, to learn anything of her birth. £)er ^Jriefter lam fjier ^crein XXI 
 Ittcine $ntte, the priest came here into my cottage. (£r fct|> tttt 2D?onbejJ* 
 
 licfct, nne bcr Sa^ feinen Sauf grabe uor ben un^eimlicfeen 23alb $trt a,e* 
 
 nOtttttten ^atte, he perceived by the moonlight, that the brook had taken 
 its wild course directly in front of the haunted forest. 25ag frad)$te er aitg 
 fo #o£Ier 23rujt 6erau3„ this he croaked forth from so hollow a breast. 
 ©a$ ©emimmel frod) gegen mid) $erauf, the crowd were clambering up 
 towards me. 9<lan bringt fte ntir and) otjne 2$er$6a,ern an bag fefte Sanb 
 fieritber, now make haste, and bring her over to me upon firm ground. — 
 2Bie ein SItfc roar ber Slitter urn bag ^fcrb $erum, the knight sprung 
 round the horse as quick as lightning. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 The Discontent of Rasselas in the Happy Valley. 
 
 Here the sons and daughters of Abyssinia lived only to know the soft 
 vicissitudes of pleasure and repose, attended by all that were skilful to 
 delight, and gratified with whatever the senses can enjoy. They wandered 
 in gardens of fragrance, and slept in the fortresses of security. Every art 
 was practised to make them pleased with their own condition. The sages, 
 who instructed them, told them of nothing but the miseries of public life, 
 and described all beyond the mountains as regions of calamity, where dis- 
 cord always was raging, and where man preyed upon man. To heighten 
 their opinion of their own felicity, they were daily entertained with songs, 
 the subject of which was the happy valley. Their appetites were excited 
 by frequent enumerations of different enjoyments, and revelry and merri- 
 ment was the business of every hour from the dawn of morning to the 
 close of even. 
 
 These methods were generally successful ; few of the princes had ever 
 wished to enlarge their bounds, but passed their lives in full conviction 
 
36 
 
 that they had all within their reach that art or nature could bestow, ana 
 pitied those whom fate had excluded from this seat of tranquillity, as the 
 sport of chance and the slaves of misery. 
 
 Thus they rose in the morning and lay down at night, pleased with 
 each other and with themselves ; all but Rasselas, who, in the twenty 
 sixth year of his age, began to withdraw himself from their pastimes and 
 Assemblies, and to delight in solitary walks and silent meditation. He 
 often sat before tables covered with luxury, and forgot to taste the dainties 
 that were placed before him ; he rose abruptly in the midst of the song, 
 and hasiily retired beyond the sound of music. His attendants observed 
 the change, and endeavoured to renew his love of pleasure ; he neglected 
 their officiousness, repulsed their invitations, and spent day after day on 
 the banks of rivulets sheltered with trees, where he sometimes listened to 
 the birds in the branches, sometimes observed the fish playing in the 
 stream, and anon cast his eyes upon the pastures and mountains filled with 
 animals, of which some were biting the herbage, and some sleeping among 
 the bushes. The singularity of his humour made him much observed. 
 One of the sages, in whose conversation he had formerly delighted, fol- 
 lowed him secretly, in hope of discovering the cause of his disquiet. Ras- 
 selas, who knew not that any one was near him, having for some time fixed 
 his eyes upon the goats that were browsing among the rocks, began to 
 compare their condition with his own. 
 
 <l What," said he, " makes the difference between man, and all the rest 
 of the animal creation ? Every beast that strays beside me, has the same 
 corporeal necessities with myself ; he is hungry and crops the grass, he is 
 thirsty and drinks the stream, his thirst and hunger are appeased, he is 
 satisfied and sleeps; he arises again and is hungry, he is again fed and is 
 at rest. I am hungry and thirsty like him, but when thirst and hunger 
 cease I am not at rest ; I am, like him, pained with want, but am not, like 
 him, satisfied with fulness. The intermediate hours are tedious and 
 gloomy ; I long again to be hungry that I may again quicken my attention. 
 The birds peck the berries or the corn, and fly away to the groves, where 
 they sit in seeming happiness on the branches, and waste their lives in 
 tuning one unvaried series of sounds. I likewise can call the lutanist and 
 the singer, but the sounds that pleased me yesterday weary me to-day, 
 and will grow yet more wearisome to-morrow. I can discover within me 
 no power ofperception, which is not glutted with its proper pleasure, yet 
 I do not feel myself delighted. Man surely has some latent sense for 
 
37 
 
 which this place affords no gratification ; or he has some desires distinct 
 from sense which must be satisfied before he can be happy." 
 
 After this he lifted up his head, and seeing the moon rising, walked to- 
 wards the palace. As he passed through the fields, and saw the animals 
 around him, " Ye," said he, " are happy, and need not envy me that walk 
 thus among you, burdened with myself ; nor do I, ye gentle beings, envy 
 your felicity ; for it is not the felicity of man. I have many distresses from 
 which ye are free ; I fear pain when I do not feel it ; I sometimes shrink 
 at evils recollected, and sometimes start at evils anticipated. Surely the 
 equity of Providence has balanced peculiar sufferings with peculiar enjoy- 
 ments." 
 
 With observations like these the prince amused himself as he returned, 
 uttering them with a plaintive voice, yet with a look that discovered him 
 to feel some complacence in his own perspicuity, and to receive some solace 
 of the miseries of life, from consciousness of the delicacy with which he 
 felt, and the eloquence with which he bewailed them. He mingled cheer- 
 fully in the diversions of the evening, and all rejoiced to find that his heart 
 was lightened. 
 
 NOTES to " RASSELAS." 
 
 Ye who listen, %% bte 3$r laufc&et or rcer Icmfc&et, ber—; ye need not 
 envy me that walk thus among you, burdened with myself, t^r brctud)t 
 
 mid) rttd)t gu benetben, ber id), mtr fcf&jt $ur Saft, fo urtter eud) tt>cmble 
 
 (see p. 80 & 81). The English say : he who — , the Germans who — , he — . 
 
 28er erroctrtet, bafj ba$ Sffter bte SSerJjetf? ungen berSugenb &ewtrfltd)en 
 
 (tturb), imb ber morgenbe £ag bte Mangel be$ fjeuttgen erfe^en rotrb, 
 
 ber tteweJjnte, &e. When the same auxiliary refers to several verbs, or 
 the same verb is required more than once, it is, in German, only given once 
 (see p. 130 and the last §. of Kasselae, p. 208). 
 
 £)te @efc6td)te be$ sRaffefoS, (beg) $rtn$en »on Sttyfitmetu Substanti- 
 ves in apposition must be in the same case with the substantives to which 
 they refer. 
 
 tylin^ and ^rtnjefftrtn are usually applied to the sons and daughters of 
 sovereigns, while giirft and giirftitltt generally imply reigning princes. 
 
 Qfgpptettg (Jrnbtett. The possessive case is frequently used in German. 
 
 Ex.— 2)e3 gifc&erS beiagtegrctu the fishes-man's aged wife. £)cr @ee |>eulte 
 
imter beg SBinbeg ftt)tao,enben ^titigen, the lake roared beneath the wind s 
 sweeping wings. 2tf>er fcon fern fyvttt er bod) immernod)beggtfd)ergano,fl* 
 ltd)eg 3Jufen nad) Unbtnen, ber atten £augfrau lauteg 33eten unb ©tngen 
 burd) bag ®ebraug, but still he heard, afar off, the fisherman's anxious 
 shouting for Undine, the old woman's loud praying and singing amid the 
 
 commotion, 2)a lam er enblid) btd)t an beg itbergetretenen 23ad)eg Sftanb, 
 
 then, at length, he came near to the brook which had overflowed its bank. 
 
 3n ben ©een unb ©tromen unb 33cid)en lebt ber 2SafFera,etfter augflebrci* 
 
 tztt$ ©efd)ted)t, in the seas and streams and brooks live the wide-spread 
 
 race of water-spirits. 2)er ©turm raufd)te burd) bte&tpfelbcr^aume unb 
 
 liber beg ©ee'g entporte SSogcn tytn, the tempest raved through the tops of 
 the trees and swept over the billows of the lake, ©te lantt ntd)t be|>aup- 
 ten, baf id) bte femtebernSeute $inb fet, she is unable to prove that 
 I am the child of these low people. @ie Xicfl etftg tf>ren roeif en 3^ter 
 fattetn, unb trabte bem fitter nad), o^ne trgenb eineg ©ienerg 33e= 
 ajeituna, anne^ttten JU molten, she ordered her white palfrey to be instantly 
 saddled, aud followed the knight without permitting a single servant to 
 
 accompany her. ©etbft ber fitter roiirbe Wltyz gebraud): ^abzxi, auf b eg 
 baumenben, roUbfd)naubenben S^iereg Sftitcfen ^u fpringen, even 
 
 the knight must have used uncommon effort to mount the beast, rearing 
 and wildly snorting as it was. 
 
 ©er Dxt, roeto)en bte SBetgfjett ober bie ^ofittt" beg Sttterttyumg jum 
 Stufent^alt ber abpfftmfcben ^rtnjen befHmmt fyatte, war ein geraumt* 
 geg %$a\, &c. — The nominative is required after the following verbs : 
 fetn, to be, roerben, to become ; Mctoen, to remain ; $etf en, to be called, 
 also genannt roerben, to be called, and gefd)oIten roerben, to be called 
 (abusively) ; foremen, to appear. Ex.— Sr blteb mix ftetg ein treuer greunb, 
 he always remained my faithful friend, ^n fetner @efettfo)aft fd)eint ttttr 
 ber %<XQ etne ©tunbe, bai ^a^X tin %<XQ, in his company the day appears 
 to me an hour, the year a day. 
 
 2luf ben Sergen famen auf jeber ptitt 53act)e #erab, roeId)c, &c, &c. 
 Explanatory sentences are frequently interwoven into the principal clause, 
 and must be placed next to the word, to which they refer ; for this pur" 
 purpose sentences are often inverted.— 
 
 Here the sons and daughters of Abyssinia lived — , $ter lebten 2lbpfjx= 
 nfeng ©ot;ne unb £6d)ter.— Surd) roteber^olte ©cbilberungen manmgfa* 
 rher Efrten beg ©cnuffeg erregte man bag 35erlangen. That member of 
 the sentence on which we wish to lay particular emphasis, is placed first 
 
39 
 
 in German ; but in inverted sentences the nominative must invariably be 
 placed after the verb or in a compound tense of the verb after the auxiliary. 
 (See p. 107). Thus the phrase before us may be construed: 
 
 Tlcrn erregte bag $ertangcnbutd)to.©d).&c., or ©ag^erlangen erregte 
 man burd) ro. ©. &c., or interrogatively : erregte man bag 2Serlangen b. 
 to. @. &c. ? or erregte man b. ro. @ v &c— bag SSertangen? 
 
 The sentence : SKtttcn burd) bag ©efprad) ^attc ber grembe fd)on big- 
 toeilen em $Iatfd)ern am niebrigen genfterlein bernommen, while they were 
 
 in the midst of their talk, the stranger had already at times heard a splash 
 against the little low window — is inverted ; when construed regularly, it 
 would be : 
 
 £)er gremb e Datte mttten burd) bag ©efprad) fd)onbtgtt>eiIenein${at* 
 fd)ern am niebrtgen ^enfiertein oernommen, or inverted: 
 
 (£ t n $ I a t f d) e r n Battc b er § r e m b e mitten burd) bag ©efprad) fd)on 
 bigtoeilen am niebrigen genjtertein oernommen, or : 
 
 (5d)on bigroetlen $attz ber grembe mittm burd) bag ©efprad) 
 ein $iatfd)ern am niebrigen ^enfiertcm oernommen, or : 
 
 2tm niebrigen genfterletn $attt ber grembe mitten burd) 
 bag ©efprad) fd)on bigtoeiien etn pdtfd)ern oernommen, or : 
 
 Oernommen tyatte ber grembe mitten burd) bag ©efprad) fd)on big* 
 ioeiten ein $ldtfd)ern am niebrigen genfterletn, or : 
 
 £er grembe batte fd)on bigtoeiien m. b. b. ©., &c, &c. 
 
 Interrogatively : t)attt ber ftrembe, &c, &c. % 
 
 Sen beimfebrenben fitter empfrng am 2lbenb ©ertalba mit Styxanm 
 unb $Iagen itber Unbineng Setragen, when the kmght returned home in 
 the evening, Bertalda received him with tears and complaints of Undine's 
 proceedings. 
 
 Dropped, Kief fatten. — You have dropped your pocket-book, @te babett 
 3£t £afd)enbud) fatten laffen. To drop an acquaintance, eine Se!anntfd)aft 
 aufgeben. Let us drop the subject, toir tootten nid)t meljr baoon fprecben. 
 
 Ob, whether, if. Whether wild or tame, ob rOilb Ober %a1)m ; whether 
 
 he will or not, er mag tootten ober nid)t; gerabe ai$ ob, just as if; a\# tfb 
 eg fo toctre, as if it were so. — £)b is sometimes omitted, as: 3d) tOUfft$ 
 crfi nid)t, roar eg tin orbentficber Heiner 2J?enfd), roar eg btog ein gaufel* 
 ^afteg 23ilDnif, I knew not for a time whether it was a real human being, 
 or whether it was a mere mockery of enchantment, ©tteg fte biniiber in 
 tie §ftrt£, oerftromte fte barin, man wufjte eg nid)t, er roar tote Seibeg 
 unb tote $eing, whether she plunged into the stream, or whether, like 
 
40 
 
 water melting into water, she flowed away with it, they knew not, her dis- 
 appearance so much resembled both united, and neither by itself. 
 
 Oh (and fcttCltn) relate to the following conjunctions : ob— CWd) (tt>emt 
 — autf}); ob— gleid), (merni— gletd)) ; ob— fd)on, (rcenn— fd)on) ; ob— 
 roo!)!, (rOtett)0|)l) ; Ob^roar, though, although. These conjunctions must be 
 considered as two separate words, for the subject and even the object may 
 be placed between these words (see p. 103). Ex. — ob fie gletd) be* 
 .rettS in il)X ac&tse&nteg %a1)X get)en mag, although she may already have 
 entered her eighteenth year.— , roentt man a ltd) TOitfte, tt>0^m fte CjCs 
 rannt ijt, even if we knew where she is gone.—, Wetttt man e3 aud) ge= 
 fonnt l^atte 001' £f)ranen, even if our tears had permitted us. 9?imm 
 X)dn @etb bin, h)enn-Duaud) liigft, take your money, though what you 
 
 say is false; toenn tbn ctud) bi^weilen fern toeibenbeS 0£op anttrie|>erte, 
 
 although at times his grazing steed neighed to him. 
 ■ — was bounding, was frolicking, was reposing ; (see p. 49). 
 
 The valley, wide and fruitful, baS geraumtge, fmd)tbare Zfyal. Attri- 
 butes are placed before their noun. Ex.— (£x Oerroeilte Xaa, fitr Sag an 
 ben m t t S a u m e n b e f d) a 1 1 e t e n Ufcrn ber 35ad)e. <Sr beobacbtete bte 
 tm ©tromefcbetjcnben gifcbe. 
 
 ©ie bemitleibeten jebert ttonbiefem (3t£ ber 3tuf;e Mgefcbloffe* 
 ncn (or au^gefcbloffenen), they pitied those who were excluded from this 
 seat of tranquility. (?m Slid: Ctllf btc fte Utttgcbenben, a look on those 
 around her. 
 
 2$ef balb er fcmen |)ut gan$ ftttig oor bem na^erfommenben £>etrn 
 
 ab$og, imb gelaffen bet femen 9?e#en Oerblieb, and therefore, as good man- 
 ners dictate, he took off his hat on the knight's coming near, and quietly 
 remained by the side of his nets. <Der 2Hte fucbte bet ber TO (c ber C?Uf= 
 
 lobetnben glamme einen tag mit 2Bein beroot, the old man by means 
 of the renewed flame looked for a jug of wine, ©ott fyattt VUl$ in unfetm 
 bamalS fcbonatemtid) bob en %iUx ein rounberf $one3 ^inbtetnbe* 
 
 fd)eert, although we were beginning to feel the advances of age, God had 
 bestowed upon us an infant of wonderful beauty. (?r fat) im eben fid) 
 &ieber entfHUIenben $?onb(ia)t unter ben 3*oeigen f>od)oerfd)funge= 
 nerSaume, auf cuter bur d) bie Uebetfcbwemmung gebilbcten 
 Heinen Snfet, Unbinen tacbetnb nnb lieblid) in bie btix^cnt>en ©rafer !)in* 
 gefcbmtegt, as the moon unveiled its light, he perceived a little island, 
 formed by the flood, and, reclined upon its flowery grasses beneath the 
 high branches of embowering trees (he saw) the smiling and lovely Undine. 
 
41 
 
 3d) w$m nid)t3 metjr oon ber Winter mtr liegenben Qrbene wafer, 
 
 was no more able to catch a glimpse of the plain that lay behind me. ©ie 
 
 3ebroebemetngeborene Stebe ju eignem £eerb unb fttttem griebcn 
 
 ging toieber auf in ©ft*, that love for the calm of our own fire-side which 
 we all feel as an affection born with us, again rose within you. £)er 9ltt s 
 
 ter nroffte fid) brern crgeben, ai*f bet g u r 3 nfe* 8e wo tb eneit 2anbfpii3e 
 
 JU bletben, the knight must submit to remaining on the point of land which 
 
 had been changed into an island. (£r ijorte SertalbenS Hagenbe ©ttntme, 
 roie fie unfern oon ibm burd) ba6 i muter tauter roerbenbc ©erdufd) 
 beg 2)omter3 Ijinitber roetnte, he heard the voice of Bertalda, as she was 
 weeping and moaning not far from him, amid the roar of the thunder 
 which every moment increased. Strf(id) entbiclt fid) feme 0t 3^m 
 
 jiammefnbc3ungeno$ jebeS Sorted unmittelbar roiber ft'e, in truth. 
 
 though his tongue was trembling with excess of passion, he kept himself 
 from saying a single word against her. £)ie recfrttiefeunb Ctlt^beitt 
 
 Some beS £eben3 fdjopfenbe £rauer, the deep mourning of the 
 
 heart, which scoops from the very well-springs of our being. 
 
 ©te fd)tiefen fid)er wit tit einer 3}e^e.— 2Ste, as, when ; how, in what 
 manner ; like, while. 2Bie denotes similarity, whilst aU expresses degree, 
 proportion. 2BtC bie Arbeit, fo ber Sobm, as the work, so the reward ; ify 
 trtttfe fO gem SSaffer aU SBetn, I like water as well as wine. 2113 is some- 
 times joined to roie, and is either quite superfluous, or expresses propor- 
 tion of similarity. £a jic$' tcb nun, id) atmer £f>or, unb bin fo f(ug, aU 
 Wit JU&Ot (Goethe). 
 
 2Bte gebt e3 3f;nen ? 23te baben ©te gefd)Iafen ? — 2$ie fro|> roar id) ! 
 how glad was I ! 2Sie! l)ab' id) e3 3^ttcn nid)t gefagt? why, have I not 
 told you ? (£$ gefcbaf), id) roeij? nid)t roie, it happened, I do not know 
 how. S3ie id) fctye, as I see ; rote id) 3!)tten fage, as I tell you ; roie ge= 
 roofjnlid), as usually ; rote em 0Jafenbet, hke a mad-man ; Wit OUd) or al$ 
 aufy, as also ; roie gefebrt er and) if:, for all his learning. — Sie I)eifjt — 
 mtf 2)eutfd)? what do you call— in German ? 23te itennt man ba$? what 
 do they call that? 53ie fd)on if! biefe @egenb! How beautiful this neigh- 
 bourhood is! 2Ste gut ©te fmb! how (good or) kind you are ! 2Sie 
 bumm ba$ tji ! how foolish that is ! 
 
 di errodgte, roie tym bod) mentals in bem 2Sa!be fetbfkn roaS SBeben?* 
 
 ltd)c3 roiberfaljrcn fei, he considered that nothing to give him alarm had 
 ever befallen him in the forest itself, ©er aitt 2#ann tyat, Wit Sleltetn 
 mit oerjogenen ^tnbern m tfmn pflegen, the old man did as parents are 
 
42 
 
 apt to do with children to whom they have been over-indulgent. (£$ gftt($ 
 inbeffen tote e3 ber $ifd)er gcfctgt fyatte, it turned out, however, exactly as 
 the fisherman had said, ©te fprad)en mit einanber, toie e$ jttjet toacfern 
 unb 3utraufid)en SKamtero ge^temt, they conversed as two such good men 
 and true ever ought to do. 2Bie id) benn nie etxva& Un$etmlid)e3 in bem 
 SSalbe gefefjen fyabt, as I have never seen any appearance in the forest, 
 which could terrify or annoy me. 2Bie fte fb red)t forgtoS Uttb feltg ttttt 
 bem $tnbe fptclt, while she was playing with the infant, as free from all 
 fear as she was full of delight. 3d) frctgte fte, tote fte |)tert)ergefommett fet, 
 I asked her in what manner she had come here. H)a$ fctm mix tote em 
 ^eibntfd)cr 9?amc OOr, this appeared to me like a heathenish name. (£tn 
 ©erdufd) tote oon getoaltig raufd)cnben SBafferflutyen, a noise as of a 
 mightily rushing flood, ©et ©tutm brad), tote oon bem @etofe ertoecft, 
 
 au6 ben mad)ttgen ©Ctooffen fjetOOr, the storm, as if awakened by the up- 
 roar, burst forth from the immense clouds, ©te Sctume beugten ftd) toie 
 fctytoinbelnb itber bie reifenben ©etodfjer, the trees bowed, as if giddy, 
 above the torrent. 3d) fyabe Sud) cmfgenommen, tote e3 cm biebertyer^iget 
 5P?ann bem anbem flit tf)un pfTecjt, I have received you with the welcome, 
 which one true-hearted man gives to the other. 2BtC e3 nun bet Wt3 Jim* 
 gen dtitttttl JU fommen pflegt, as we young knights are wont to experience. 
 2Senn 3&r mix ^acfertc^t bringr, tote e3 im betitcfcttgten ftorfle au$ite$t, 
 when you bring me an account, of what is going on in the ill-famed forest. 
 ©a erfafte mid) cm (£ntfe£cn, tote oor|nn rnctncn @aut, then terror seized 
 me, as it had before seized my horse. Wlit ©einem Sfaf Ober atfeitt, tote 
 ©u Sufi Ijafl (or mit $$xzm 3?offe ober aflem, tote ©ie Sufi Ijaben), with 
 your horse or alone, as you please. 2Bie totr att ©d)toefiem mit einanber 
 t^eilen tooften, ba3 tooKen totrm3t.bcfpred)en, as to the manner in which 
 we shall share our sisterly enjoyments, we will leave that to be talked 
 over in R. ©ie Jungen Scute famen t^nen oor toic SBertobte, the young 
 people appeared to them as betrothed. (The betrothed are called bride 
 and bridegroom, 53raut Unb Srdutigam, in Germany). 
 
 —ftnb hunger unb ©utft gefltttt, (or tocnn hunger unb ©urfi gefttttt 
 ftnb.) — The conjunctions toenn and baf are often omitted (see p. 138.) 
 $>atte ity (?ud) aud) mtnbcr gafltid) unb tooljimeinenb gefunben, even had 
 I found you less hospitable and kindly disposed, 
 
 2So is an adverb of place, and occasionally used in reference to time* 
 Ex.— Bo tffc 3^r f>err $ater? 3d) toeif nid)t too cr i%— As a conjunc- 
 tion it is sometimes used for toenn, and signifies if, in case that, as : toO 
 
 (or toenn) ©ie ba$ tfmn, (fo) toerben ©ie i£n bcleibtgen, if you do that. 
 
43 
 
 you will offend him.— tt>0 mrfjf, if not ; tt>0 mogltd), if possible ; iVOfem, 
 in case that ; ittofern ntcbt, unless. 
 
 A demonstrative, relative or interrogative pronoun is never used in con- 
 junction with a preposition, when it relates to an indeterminate thing. 
 Instead of the pronoun, one of the local adverbs fiter, ba or tt)0 must be 
 used, as : bterau3, from this ; barauS, from that, r00rau3, from which, 
 baBct, Jbobet, at the same time ; &c. (see p. 101). — 
 
 2Btr rt)olleH ntd)t al^ubtet babon reben, let us not talk too much about 
 that. 3d) folfte ifyx nubtS babon erjaftfen, I was not to give her an account 
 of it. tfnb nun ttctre ber ©trorn bajttnfajen gerotft, and now the stream 
 were rolling between us. @te ttetnte nun ctnfam britben bet ben ©efpen* 
 flern, she now were weeping alone on the other side in the midst of spectral 
 horrors. £)abon aber tootfte Unbtne ttneber gar ntd)t3 |>oren, to this, how- 
 ever, Undine would by no means consent. (Stye i$) nod) barait bad)te, ere 
 I yet thought of it. SBoran fofltefi X)n benn |eut um yjlittzxnafyt gebra* 
 
 ten H)erben? what should we have to roast you with, when midnight 
 
 comes? £>aruber ftng It an ganj leife in ft'd) felbfl lunetn ju fttf)ero, 
 
 upon this U. began tittering to herself in a very low voice. 2)a$ §af gab 
 
 tjmcn f>offnnng, alS ent^alte e3 ben eblen £ranf roonad) fie berlangten, 
 
 the cask gave them hope that it contained the noble liquor for which they 
 were thirsting. 230JU ba$ ? wherefore (should we do) that ? <£)er fitter 
 
 gemc$rtefctner@atttnngern, rcorum (or ttarum) jte fo anmut|>tg hat, the 
 
 knight was quite willing to gratify his wife in regard to what she had re- 
 quested with so beautiful a spirit. 
 
 The singularity, bte ©onberbarf eft, ba3©onberbare. 2)er Sltnbe, 
 
 bet ©naugige. Any adjective may, in German, be used substantively, by 
 adding e to the root, and prefixing the article determining the gender to 
 which it belongs, as : ber Sttrtbe (ber bltnbe 2)?ann) the Mind man, bte 
 
 23Itnbe (bte bltnbe grau) the Mind woman, ber (Stnaugtge, the one-eyed 
 man. The words 2#ann, $xau, banner, grauen, Seute, are understood. 
 
 Adjectives expressing the qualities without relation to the objects to 
 which they refer, are declined in the neuter singular, and also written 
 
 with capital initials, as : ba3 (grfmbene unb ba3 <&d)bw, ba3 ©ute ttnb 
 ba$ Sofc, the suhUme and the beautiful, the good and the bad. 23ir 
 $aben unfer 33eftc3 getljan, we have done our best. 
 
 Sa$ bie alte SBelt be3 alfo @d)anen befaf, ba$ bte beuttge ntcbt me|>r 
 ftd) bran $u freuen ttntrbtg tfi, ba$ iiber^gen bte glnt^en xnit t^ren $etm* 
 Ud)en ©tlberfd)letem, whatever of beautiful things the old world possessed, 
 
44 
 
 such as the present is no more worthy to enjoy, the floods covered with 
 their secret veils of silver. 
 
 In German, the imperfect in the narrative style is often replaced hy the 
 present, in such a case, therefore, fet is to be rendered by was or were, 
 fyabzf by had, &c, as : baf ein ©naugigcr gegenrodrtig fet, that a one- 
 eyed man was present. 
 
 (£$ fc^ien — , al$ cwcfi, bag SBaffer ^aoe mit oerliebten 2lrmenna# 
 
 ber fd)onen %m gegriffcn, it appeared—, as also, that the water had with 
 loving arms seized after the beautiful meadow. 
 
 £)er fitter fragte, ob er roof i mtt fetncm ^ferbe auf biefe yiaftx bort 
 Unterfommen unb ^flege finben fort tie, the knight asked whether he 
 
 with his horse could have shelter and entertainment there for the night. 
 
 Sir meinten enblicfr, ber 9?ctme £)oroff;ea roerbe fid) am Bejien fitr fte 
 fapitfen, roetl itf) einmal gefortfatte, baf feife ®otte3gabe, we at length 
 concluded, that the name of Dorothea would be most suitable for her, as 
 1 had somewhere heard it said, that this (name) signified a Gift of God. 
 
 Set ©ebanfe, Unbtne fet nur erne blofj e 2Balberftt)einung gerocfen, be* 
 
 faitt aufo neite Tlafyt itber tyn, the thought, that U. (was or) had been a 
 mere phantom of the forest, gained a new ascendancy over him. (?g roar 
 tym £u Sftut&e, ai$ fet er mtt btefemftemenf>au$$alt Oerroanbt, unb eben 
 
 je£t au3 ber gertte ba^tn betmgefefrt, he felt as if he were related to this 
 little household, and had just returned home from abroad. (£3 roar tfmt 
 
 $tt Tlutyc, aid mitffe eine oon ben feftfamiidjen ©eflalten, bie if>m tm 
 gorfte begegnet roarcn, oon bort bercin grinjen, it seemed to him, that one 
 
 of the strange shapes, which he had met in the forest, must be there grin- 
 ning in. gajt tarn e3 tf)m oor, ate fei bie ganje liebli^e (£rfa)einung, bk 
 fo fcfinett in bie 9^aet)t rotcber untergetaucbt roar, nta)tS anber3 geroefen, 
 al^ — , it almost seemed to him as if the whole of the sweet apparition, 
 which had so suddenly plunged again amid the night, were nothing else 
 
 but—. 3$ merfte nun roofl, ba$ fo)one Emblem fyaht im SSaffer getc* 
 
 gen, unb £iilfe t^Ue t§m 9?0t|>, I now perceived that the pretty child had 
 been lying in the water, and stood in need of help. 33a3 fte am beut(td)* 
 fien ergaffte, roar, fte fei mit tfrer Sautter auf bem grofjen @ee fpa^teren 
 gcfa^ren, au3 ber SSarfe tn'$ SBaffcr gef alien, unb fyaht i^re ©inne erft 
 #ter unter benSSdumen roieber gefunben, roo ifr an bem luftigen lifer re$t 
 bel;aglia) gU Tlutyt geroorben fei, what of her story she related with 
 most distinctness, was this, that she had been taking a sail with her mo- 
 ther on the great lake, (that she had) fallen out of the boat into the water, 
 and that when she first recovered her senses, she was here under the trees, 
 
45 
 
 where the gay scenes of the shore filled her with delight. 2Ba$ JU ©Ot* 
 te$ $reiS unb <£!jre gerexc^e, fet fte and) bereft, mit ftd) fcotnei)men gu 
 
 laffett, as to what might promote the praise and glory of God, she was 
 
 willing to submit to. @ie meinte, ef;cr tt> o n e ftc in ben rcilben gorft 
 SJOlfenbS btnein (gcjjen understood), she declared that she would rather 
 enter the wild forest itself. %l$ itf) nun einmal an ben ©cbranfen fftfl 
 fcalte, urn »on ber lufttgen Arbeit ju rajten, unb ben£elm an einen met* 
 ner $nappen guritcf reta)e, fallt mirem ttnmberfd)oneg ftrauenbilb in 
 bie 2tugen, once, while I was pausing at the lists, to rest from the brisk 
 exercise, and was handing back my helmet to one of my attendants , I per- 
 ceived a female figure of extraordinary beauty. 3$ erfutyr, bie rei^enbe 
 
 ^ungfrau £eif e SSertalba, unb fet bte $f{egetod)ter eineg mad)tigen f>er* 
 £00,3, I learned, that the name of the charming young lady was Bertald^, 
 and that she was the fosterdaughter of a powerful duke. £)a fam'3 nttr pfo$= 
 ltd) fcor, att merfe fid) etn langer toeifer Stan bem toften £>engjle quer 
 »0r tn fetnen SSeg, then it suddenly appeared to me as if a tall white man 
 threw himself athwart the route my mad steed was taking. $1)tn Wax e$, 
 at^ tafie man feme SftfC an, it appeared to him like touching his honour. 
 @tc hat tyn urn 2Ser$eif)ung reegen beS £$ort#ten, ma$ fte geflern gefpro* 
 d)en fyabe moge, she begged his pardon for any foolish things she might 
 have uttered the day before. (?r pries ftd) QtMUfytt, al$ ben gried)ifd)en 
 55tlbner ^tygmation, n>eld)em gtau $enu$ fetnen fd)onen ©tern ^ur @e= 
 Itebten belebt §ahe, he esteemed himself more happy than the Greek 
 sculptor Pygmalion, for whom Venus gave life to his beautiful statue, and 
 thus changed it into a beloved wife. (£g fd)ien <xU fet btefcn (or tfmen) 
 erne &f;nung aufgegangen fcon bem wag fte eben \t%\ an ber^olben $ftege= 
 totter tterloren, they appeared to feel a presentiment of what they were 
 at that moment losing in their affectionate fosterdaughter. dx i)erftd)erte 
 mid), id) fame ifmt fel)r befannt fcor, unb id) mitffe moltf mit im 3?ad)en 
 gemefen fctn, aug i>zm er m'3 SSaffet ftel, he assured me, that I seemed 
 to be very familiar to him, and that I must have been with him in the 
 ferry-boat, out of which he tumbled into the water. 
 
 The subjunctive of the imperfect is often employed instead of the con- 
 ditional tense, as : 
 
 3£r want mid) roof;! fur beute nid)t ttrieber log geroorben, you would 
 hardly have got rid of me to-day. ©er Sttte ermteberte: tt>oju bad? ®$ 
 wax 1 ein fimbria) SScrl, lief ia) duty aflein in 9?ad)t unb <£infamfeit bem 
 $brid)ten Tlabfym fo gan$ attein folgen, the old man rephed : what pur- 
 
46 
 
 pose would that serve ? It would be a sin, were I to suffer you, all alone, 
 to search after the foolish girl amid the lonesomeness of night. (£$ Ware 
 
 fa barm nid)t anberg, roenigftenS nid)t fur £)i#, liebe ^rau, al$ e$ je£t 
 
 tfl, our state would not be different then ; at any rate your own would 
 not, dear wife, from what it is at present, £)ie blieben barm bet imS, they 
 would then remain with us. £)u $atteft ja ben befien ©eroinn baoon, you 
 would derive the best advantage from it. (?r ^dttc bte (janje Sanbjunge 
 fafl fitr erne tritflerifd) nedenbe SSilbuna, ge^alten, aber— , he would almost 
 have thought the whole peninsula a mere mockery of his senses, but. — 
 3d) %abt fa (£uer 3Welem aufgefancjen, la$t 3f>r bod) obme mid) in ber 
 ©teinfluft ba imtert, 1, surely, have stopped your little nag for you; with- 
 out my help, you would, no doubt, be now sprawling below there in that 
 stony ravine. 3$ bad)tc, £)U fafjeft mid) gcrn bier, I thought you would 
 see me remain here with pleasure. 28cr roeif , roa$ rtod) SifteS 00n bet 33. 
 in Surer ©efd)id)te oorgefommen roare, who knows what other things be- 
 sides would have occurred in your story about B. ©em £>erm OOtt Sfting* 
 frettcn roare e3 freilid) lieber geroefcn, rocnn ftd) 2We$ an biefem £aa,c an* 
 ber£ QCfugt |)atte, the lord of Ringstetten would certainly have been more 
 gratified, had the events of this day been different. 
 
 8 alb, soon, betimes; (for lcid)tlid)) easily; (for beirtalje) almost. 
 S5alb fo, balb fo, sometimes so, sometimes otherwise ; balb — , balb — , 
 
 now—, now. 2Bo er balb ben IBogcIn im @e$roeia,e laufd)te, balb bie tm 
 ©trome fd)er$enben gifcbe beobad)tete. 
 
 £)0d) signifies yet, still-, but, however; at least ; though. It is used 
 as an expletive to strengthen an affirmation, negation, complaint, request, 
 wish, &c, and is to be translated by: pray, if youpilease, be so good as to, 
 to be sure, certainly, I suppose, I hope. 
 
 ©Od), still, yet ; may, in every case be substituted for betmod), still, 
 nevertheless, but not vice versa, (?r bcletbtrjt mid) Oft, unb bod) bin \6) 
 fein $reunb, he often offends me, and yet I am his friend (i. e. although I 
 am his friend) ; er beteibigt mid) oft, unb bennod) bin id) fein greunb, he 
 often offends me, and nevertheless I am his friend. 
 
 Dbgleid) er mid) fa|>, fo rebete er mid) bod) nia)t an, though he saw 
 me, yet he did not speak to me. (Sr f)atU oerfprod)en gu fommen, bod) 
 er fam nid)t, he had promised to come, but he came not. 2Bte |ief cr 
 bOd) ? pray, what was his name ? 3d) m6d)te bO^ roiffen, I am desirous 
 to know. 3<* bOd) ! yes, to be sure ; nid)t bOd) 1 to be sure, no. 
 
©Od) is frequently joined to the imperative mood to take off the harsh- 
 ness of a command. Ex. ©ringen ©ie ttttr feaS 33ud), bring me the book. 
 Srntgen ©ie mit bOd) t>a3 25ud), pray bring me the book ; be so good as to 
 hring me the book ; bring me the book if you please, ©c^eit @te JU it)m, 
 go to his house ; gefjen ©te bod) JU t^ttt, pray go to his house, ©ie roer* 
 ben bod) bag nid)t i$un, you won't do that, I hope. ©e^en ©ic bod) ju,, 
 
 pray go on ; pray make haste. ©pred)en @tC bod) md)t fo laut, do not 
 speak so loudly, if you please. Safien ©ie mid) bod) in 3Utbe, pray do not 
 disturb my rest. 
 
 3&r £err ©ruber roitb bOd) fommen? Your brother is coming, I hope? 
 or Do you suppose your brother will come? <DaS rooflen roir bOd) fe&en! 
 we will see that though ! 
 
 Unfer ©aft rotrb bod) ju ben dl)riften(menfd)en) gepren, our guest, I 
 should think, must belong to a Christian country. 3?etf t mtr bet ©ee bOd) 
 aud) oftmatS meine 9?efce unb £)amme bura), after id) $abe ifjn bennod) 
 gem, the lake, as you know, often breaks my dams and nets, but never- 
 theless I have an affection for it. (£$ foft bod) ofme 2lbenteuer im Salbe 
 Iitct)t abfttyetl, it is said, that one is sure to meet some adventure in the 
 forest, Qrr fotf e$ nid)t erjctylen? 3$ a&er mill's; cr foil bod)! he shall 
 not relate it? But I will have it so ; he surely shall I %a$t un$ if)r bOd) 
 na^fcilen understood), pray, let us follow her. Sir miijTen if)r bod) nad)* 
 rufen minbeftenS, still we ought at least to call after her. dv Jonnte bod) 
 nid)t unterlaffen ofterS mit in bie fmfkre yiafyt fimau&$urufen : liebe Un* 
 bine fomme bod) nur bieg eine 27?al ^uritcf, still he could not himself cease 
 calling out, amid the gloom of night : dear U., pray come back — only 
 this once, 3ebermann muf? bod) eirnnat tl;un roaS er oermag, still every 
 one must do as much as he is able. 3n fold)cr 28tr$fd)aft ober bod) in 
 einer nid)t Oiel ftfllertt, in a scene of tumult like this, or at least in one 
 not much more quiet- 2Btr roollen bod) roenigftenS an anbercn Seuten 
 t£un, roaS ung felig mad)en roitrbe, ocrmod)te e$ 3emanb an ung §u fyutt, 
 we will at least do to other people what would make ourselves most happy, 
 could any one do us the same kindness. (Si, ftel)' T)itf) bOd) um (f$en 
 ©ie ftd) bod) um), pray, look round you. ©er &ubfd)e Slitter rotrb bod) 
 iiber furs ober lang auS ber fmtte fd)eiben, the handsome knight is sure to 
 go away from the cottage soon or late. 3£m roar JU ffftutfe CtW fonne 
 man bod) nie roteber jur SSereinigung mit anbern 2tfenfd)en gelangen, it 
 
 seemed to him as if one could not by any means ever come again into the 
 
 society of other men. Sod) roufte er ber alien gtfd)erinn nid)t Unred)t ju 
 geben, still he found it impossible to blame the aged wife of the fisher- 
 
48 
 
 man. 3ebet if* ft# bod) felbfi ber ^ad^fte, surely, every one is nearest to 
 himself; charity, I should think, begins at home. $?it tfi bOd) JtUtt etn* 
 mat fo JU Tlufyt, this happens to be what I think und feel. 3$ Weifi 
 bOd) aud) bOU @0tt, I too, surely, have knowledge of God. £6ren ©te 
 bod) erfi Orbentlid), I entreat you, first hsten so some particulars. 3$* 
 mi$t bod) feiner (£reatur ro$e $un, you surely ought not to give pain 
 to a creature. 3$ rouf nun bod) auf alle Seife |>ter oerfommen bor 
 
 •JJfatttgfeit Ultb Slngfl, I must under all circumstances perish here through 
 faintness and dismay. (£$ ge|)t (£ud) after bod) tt>a3 an, but it does con- 
 cern you though. 
 
 3a signifies: yes, to be sure, truly, certainly, surely, indeed; you 
 know ; it is often followed by tOOty or freilttf) : j[a tt>0|>l, certainly : 3$ 
 Babe e$ 3l>nen fa gefagt, you know I have told you. Q?$ regnet ja, you see 
 it rains. ££mt ©ie ba$ bOd) ja md)t, be sure not to do that. ©pred)en 
 ©ie bod) fa nid)t fo tout, mind not to speak so loudly. 2)?ad)en ©te e3 
 ja flirj, be sure to make it short, ©agen ©te e£ ja ^iemanbett, be sure 
 not to tell it to any one. Skrgeffen ©te C3 j<X nid)t, be sure not to forget 
 it. — It expresses astonishment : ©te fpred)en ja ntd)t, I am astonished you 
 do not speak. — Sometimes it must be expressed by turning the sentence 
 into a question : £)a3 tfi ja nid)t mogltd), how is that possible ? 
 
 3d) bin fa fO unglMid) fd)on, I am in truth so unhappy already. 25et 
 gu^rmann fagte, man fonne bag $ferb ja fiinten (an ben Sagen) anbin* 
 ben, the carter said, the horse could be attached to it behind, ©te tft etne 
 3aubertnn; fte befennt C$ ja felbft, she is an enchantress; she has even 
 now confessed it herself, ©te fagte: ©it follft fa mit UttS nad) 9t, e6 foil 
 ja 2llle3 bletben, ttue e$ fritter abgercbet toat, she said : you shall still go 
 with us to R., all shall remain just as we lately arranged it. 2)a3 Oefjt ja 
 mttten in ben ©trom, it leads into the middle of the stream, ©et gtiebe 
 
 unb ik greube Batten fa tfjren ftd)em 2Bo|mft£ in Surg Stfngftetten ge* 
 
 nomnten, peace and joy had evidently taken up their abode at castle Ring- 
 
 stetten. 2a£ tf)n nur lommen, id) bin ja babei, unb oor mir toagt er ftd) 
 
 mtt fetnem Unveil BerOOr, never mind, let him come, I shall be there, and 
 he dares do none of his mischief in my presence. 3$ ^bC eS fa md)t 
 gemuf t, baf? fte tin Stfeerfrauletn mar, I did not in fact know that she was 
 a maid of the sea. ©d)tlt mid) Bier ntd)t, 2>U fteifjt ja I Do not reprove 
 me here, you know why. 3d) fann ia nid)t funaufgeBen; id) ^abt ja ben 
 Srunnen Serftegelt, you know, I have not the power to go up, do you not 
 remember ? I have sealed up the fountain. (Er fragte t£n, tbaS er bentt 
 
 bort mad)c, benn einfegnen toolle er ja bod) ma)t, he asked him what he 
 
49 
 
 was doing there, since he had so firmly refused to perform the miptisl 
 ceremony. 
 
 Q?r ji signifies first, previously, not before, nolonger ago, no farther hack, 
 no more than, only ; td) mitf erfi 3£re grau Sautter fprecben, I must speak 
 to your mother previously. 3d) Un erfi gefiern oon £)eutfd)lanb juritcf* 
 gcfommen, I returned from Germany only yesterday. 3$ farm ©t'e erjt 
 morgen befltd)en, I cannot call on you before to-morrow. Qj;g toax erf* 
 %tf)n U^r beg 2)?0rgeng, it was not later than ten o'clock in the morning. 
 3d) $ctbe erfi bte fmffte metner ©ad)en erfmlten, I have as yet received 
 only the half of my goods. — It is sometimes used to indicate events which 
 may probably happen at some future time, and may then be translated by 
 hereafter, as : (£r fprad) oon £)tngcn, bte erfi gefcbefjen (often, he spoke of 
 things which hereafter are to take place. (3uerfi, for the first time, first, 
 first of all, at first, firstly, before other things : aU td) tf)n JUerft fc$, when 
 
 I first saw Mm; roer ^uerfi !ommt, ber rnablt ^uerfr, first come, first 
 served. £$un ©tc bteg juerfl [or erfi], do this first.) 
 
 $attt td) erfi bras? gcrttten, fo gtng eg nun nod) ganj anberg tog, had I 
 exerted myself in the tilting before, I now redoubled my exertions, ©a 
 ftet eg mtr erfi auf g £er$, baf id) mfd) aud) tn bent geroaltfgen gorfie gar 
 tetd)tltd) ijertrren fcnne, not before then the conviction impressed me, that 
 in a forest of so great extent I might very easily lose my way. 3d) falj 
 nun erfi, baf} mein better fetn Sftann roar, I perceived but at that moment, 
 that my deliverer was not a man. QFrft Olg man bag $a$ geoffnet $<Xtti, 
 rtf ftd) ber 3tegen aug bem bunf eln ©crobtfe log, the moment (not before) 
 the cask had been broached, then the rain poured unrestained from the 
 black clouds. SSenn ©te nun erfi bte treue ©eele tn mtr fpitren, above all, 
 if they should discover the true soul in me. 9£un erfi fa^en fte, bafj eg 33. 
 roar, now it was that they first perceived it was B. ($ontmen ©te) nur 
 erfi mtt ung Wt# 3?., only first of all you must come with us to R. 2) a 
 erfu^r \§ erfi, rote Stfteg gefommen roar, then it was I first learnt how all 
 had happened. 2lbcr ocrfpred)cn mu§ mtr erfi ber alte 9#ann ba britben— , 
 but the old man over there must first give me his promise — . ©d)cnft mtr 
 bod) erfi etn 2rtnfgcib, do first give me a reward. 3d) IJabe fte felbfi erfi 
 eben je$t gefunbcn, not till this moment did I find her myself. @ie fonnte 
 erfi gar md)t roteber oon tljren Stebfofungen abbred)en, at first she was 
 wholly unable to leave off caressing them, ©te empfanb nun erfi OOtt gan* 
 jem £er$en, rote roentg fie bte Oerlaffenen £r$>fiallpaliafie i^reg rounbcrfa* 
 men 3Saterg bebauern bitrfe, she now first felt with her whole heart, how 
 4 
 
50 
 
 little cause she had for regretting what she had left, the crystal palaces of 
 her mysterious father. 
 
 ••Rod), nod) immer, tmmer. 9?0d) corresponds to the English 
 nor, after roeber and nttt)t: <$X $ttt Weber ©elb nod) (Stebit, he has neither 
 money nor credit. Sir miiffen n?eber ju oiel &offen, nod; $u oiel futtt)ien, 
 we must neither hope too much, nor fear too much. — It signifies yet, still? 
 neither before nor later: ©ie t|t nod; am 2cben, she is still alive ; jur $dt 
 
 tied) »td)t, not as yet ; nod) beute, thi3 very day ; nod) boju in meinem 
 £>aufe, what is more even in my house ; to) fyabt tyx\ nod) geftern gefe^en, 
 
 it was b"at yesterday that I saw him. 
 
 The English however, ever so, when followed by an adjective, is in Ger- 
 man expressed by aud) nod) fo : roenn td) aud; nod) fo glitcfh'd) ware, if I 
 were ever so fortunate ; er fei aud) nod) fo retd), let him be ever so rich ; 
 tt>emt td; e3 aud) nod) fa gem tyatt, however willingly I should do it ; fo 
 -ffd)n unb ftolj aud) fritter thr Sntfc^Iu^ mod)te gewefen fctn, however bold 
 and proud her resolution might have been before. ©0 ttrifb Unb Unfiat fte 
 aud) itbrigcng immcr War, wild and wayward as at other times she invari- 
 ably was ; fo fauer C3 tym JU U?erben fd)ten, difficult for him as it appeared. 
 
 9Jod) immer ( or immer nod)), still, continually, at any time which is 
 
 convenient, Q# tft nod; tmmer fait, it is cold stilL (£r forfdjt nod) immer 
 nad), he still inquires, ©te fimncn ba3 tmmer nod) (or nod; tmmer) i$un, 
 
 you may do that at some future time. 
 Sent alten gifd)er roar e3 nod) tmmer nid)t gan$ ge^euer ju Wlufy, the 
 
 old fisherman did still not ieei perfectly secure in his mind. (©0 tttel Q.U 
 i£re armltd)e £ittte ift bod) $ier unferSldtterbad) »o$l nod) tmmer n>ertr>, 
 our roof of leaves here, I think, is quite as good as their poor cottage. 
 2tfem ^ferb triefte oor Stngft unb (Er£i|$ung, unb YooUte ftd) bod) nod; tm* 
 mer ntcbt fyaltZTl laffen, my horse was dripping with sweat through terror 
 and heat, still he refused to slacken his career, ©ic fd)one$rau Wteb nod; 
 tmmer jrtfl, the beautiful woman still continued silent, ©abet 3tfd)elten 
 f?d) nod; tmmer bte gctyrleute ^agenb in bte D§rcn, the oars-men, too, 
 were continually whispering to one another in dismay. 
 
 3m mer, always, is sometimes used to express consent, either from 
 the person who speaks or the person spoken to : £a$ un3 tmmer (or tn> 
 
 merlin) bte ©enne $ter nod; jroet ober bret Wlal unterge^en fel;en, let us 
 rather enjoy here two or three more sunsets. Saf mid) alfo bod) immer 
 (or tmmer^tn) rutjtg mtfge^en, let me therefore still accompany you iD 
 
 peace. %l)m ©ie e$ immcTlnU/never mind, do it. (Fr farm e3 immerfjin bebal* 
 
51 
 
 fen, for my pai t lie can keep it. ©ie mogen immer lacbcn, you may laugh as 
 much as you please. — It is sometimes to be translated by the English verb to 
 continue, or by continually, increasingly, more and more : (£r fat) 0ftmab3 
 
 mit innigem 23o$lbet>agen, roie ber SSalbftrom feinSctte breiter unb brei* 
 ter rtf , unb feine 2tbgefcbieben|)eit auf ber Snfcl fo fitr immer la'ngere 3«t 
 au^be^nte, he frequently observed with heartfelt satisfaction, that the forest- 
 stream continued to scoop out a broader and broader channel, and by this 
 means the time of his seclusion on the island became more and more ex- 
 tended. %te SBertalba nur immer nocb. ungeftitmcr roitt^ete, when B. 
 became every moment only more and more enraged. £)ie 2lfmung, bof er 
 aud) roo&l nicbt auf ber rerbten ©pur fcin fonne, trieb fetn $er$ $u tmmcr 
 anoftltC^eren ©cblcigeu, the fear, that he might perhaps not be on the right 
 way, made his heart beat with more and more anxiety, ©ie t^Ot bef* 
 wegcn aber bocb immer ate etn Huge325eib,unbfanb ftcb. in bieltmfianbe, 
 but notwithstanding this she conducted herself like a prudent woman, and 
 submitted to circumstances. 
 
 © cb n signifies : already ; not later than ; as much as ; certainly ; 
 / dare say, I have no doubt, lam certain, I hope ; obfcbon, although. 
 
 <£$ tjl fcbon lange ber, it is long since. @g [ft fd)on gut, it is well. 3$ 
 bin fcbon bamit ^ufrieben, I may be content with it. 3cb null ibn fcbon 
 faffen, I shall pay him off. £)a3 tbue icb nun fd)on nicbt, that is a thing 
 I would not do. (£6 tjt fcbon roa^r, aber—, to be sure, it is true, but—, 
 ©ebon fetn SfafcKcf, the mere sight of him. 3d) roerbe ifcm bag fcbon be* 
 roeifen, I am certain to prove it to him. 3$ ^dfc mir fri)on felbji, I hope 
 I shall help myself. (?r rotrb C$ fd)0U etnfe^en, I dare say he will compre- 
 hend it. (2)a3 ifi) fcbon recbt, that is quite right.— (?r benlt eg, ob er 
 eg fcbon ntcbt fagt, he thinks so, although he does not say it; muf icb 
 febon Otel arbetten, fo — bOC&— , although I must work hardly, yet—. 
 
 @ er ab C and eb en are expressed by exactly, just, just then. -Dag roar 
 eg gerabe (or eben), roag icb. ttmnfcbte, that it was exactly what I wished. 
 (£$ gefdjiebt if>m eben (or gerabe) rec^t, he is rightly served, ©ben jefct, 
 just now. £)ag i\t eben (or gerabe) roag icb fage, that is just what I 
 say. £)ag roill icb eben (or gerabe) nid)t fagen, that is not exactly what 
 I would say. din attfcermal ge$t'$ eben fo gut, another time will do as 
 well. (£bcn fo geroif , as truly ; eben fO Oft, as often ; as many times ; eben 
 
 fo roobt— , al$ (or ate aucb)— , as well—, as— ; eben bef balb or eben befj* 
 
 tt>egen, for that very reason. 
 f>. oolite eben feine @efc|icbte anfangen, H. was just on the point of 
 
52 
 
 beginning his account, ©an^ bofc fann man' tbr eben md)t Werbett, one 
 cannot be very angry with her. £)er alte gtfcfcer er$al)lte eben btefe ©e* 
 fd)td)te, the old fisherman related this very story. 2lber eben btcfc Wtge* 
 
 beuern SSilber rtfien tfjn gemalttg nad) ftd) bjn, but just these monstrous 
 
 forms impelled him towards them. ©olb eben ntd)t, ©olb foH t$ eben 
 ntd)t fetn, ntetn Sung^errletn, not exactly gold, it is not exactly gold that 
 I want, my smart young gentleman. (?ben btefe 2fl>(jefrt)teben$ett, just 
 this retired situation. Sct^lt font nod) eben, baf — , besides this it hap- 
 pened that moment, that— (£r fianb unter ben ©tfiatten, bie jtd) eben 
 bun!el iibcr ben 5D?onb gelegt Batten, he stood beneath the shadows which 
 
 had that moment duskily veiled the moon, £)a trat ttnbme ibzil $Ur 
 £f)ur bmettt, U. entered the door at the same moment. SSenn eben bfe 
 Suft ftttf tfi, just while the air is tranquil. (£r ttrirb fa ntdjt gerabe, it 
 won't be quite so bad, I hope. d$ tfi gerabe umgefebrt, it is just the re- 
 verse. £)te 2Sefle rr>ud)3 mte $u emern feucfiten £Jmrm an, unb tt>oUte fte 
 eben rettunggfoS begraben, the surge rose as a liquid tower, and was on 
 the point of burying them irrecoverably. 9latf) ber ©ette, tt>0 et gerabe 
 #tnau3 faf), in the direction where he chanced to look. 
 
 © a X , before a negative, is expressed by at all ; before adjectives and ad- 
 verbs by very, extremely, most. It is frequently used for fog at, even. 
 ©ar ntcbt, not at all ; gar ntcbtS, nothing at all ; gar fetn ©elb, no money 
 at all ; em gar berrltcber 35iffen, a most delicious morsel ; id) lenne tfm gar 
 roobl, I know him very well ; gar memanb, nobody at all ; gan# unb gar, 
 quite ; to) bc^metfle ba3 gan$ unb gar ntcfot, I have not the least doubt 
 about it ; iriefletcfet gefdttt e$ mtr gar, perhaps I even shall like it. 
 
 SlnfangS tr-ouT eg mtr gar oorfommen, aU War' er em 2)?enfd), at first 
 sight it even appeared to me, as if he were a man. £)er ®etfiltd)e fa# gar 
 Iteb unb e^rtt)ttrbtg au3, the clergyman wore a very placid and venerable 
 air. -ifttemanb nMte fetn %zbm baran fe|en, etnen fo gar gefd^rltcfeen 
 5Jebenbu|Ier guritcf^u^olcn, no one would consent to expose his life to 
 bring back a rival so very dangerous. 
 
 The original meaning of gar is sufficiently done: 2)a3 (Effen tfi nod) 
 itidpt gar ; the meat is not yet done sufficiently ; ba£ 33rOb tfi nf d)t gar, 
 the bread is not sufficiently baked. 
 
 9?Ur, only, but.—yiutt, fef3t, now, at present. 
 
 (£r Ijatte nur etnen emjtgen ftreunb, he had but one friend; e$ fm& 
 i^rer nur je^n, there are but ten of them ; n U r er ttetf e£, nobody but 
 he knows it ; nun ttetf er e$, now he knows it ; nur fort, come on ; nun 
 
53 
 
 fort, now come ; oon mm an bti in ©W'gf eit, for ever and ever ; mm em> 
 Iicb, einmat, now at last. 
 
 3e$t denotes the actually present time ; mm denotes a continuance of 
 the present time : er ift jefct im 53eft#e feineS 3Sermogen3, he is at present 
 in the possession of his fortune ; je|t Ijabe icb nicbtS me|>r gU fagen, I have 
 nothing more to say at present ; mm 6ctbe t# nid)t£ mebr JU fagen, now I 
 have nothing more to say. 
 
 9iun, nun ! well, well ! nun roobian, well then ; nun, e3 fet fo, let it be 
 so. <£$ ftnb nun wljii fimftdm 34 r e oergangen, ba jog tcb. emmal burtfe 
 ben tt)ufien 2BaIb, it is now about fifteen years, since I one day crossed the 
 wild forest. 9?un, mir ging unterroegeS bie ©efcbjcbfe jtemlid) tm $opfe 
 JjerUttt, well, this affair would keep running in my head, as I went on my 
 way. 
 
 3* (jemalS), ever, at any time. 
 
 3e, stands like the definite article in English before a comparative de- 
 gree, when two are brought together for the purpose of expressing an equal 
 degree of quality or manner, and is followed by je or befto, as : tcb |>abe 
 fie je longer je Ite&er, the longer I have her, the more I love her ; je eljet 
 
 befto beffer, the sooner the better; je mef?r man etfet, befio roemger fommt 
 
 man tOetter, the more haste the worse speed. — 3^ stands before the sub- 
 ordinate, befro before the principal sentence, din $unfttt>erf ift beftO fcbo* 
 ner, je ooflfommener eg tfl (: je ooflfommener etn ^unfftoerf, bcflo fcboncr 
 
 ift e£ : ), a work of art is inasmuch more beautiful as it is more perfect. 
 
 Um fo or um fo Otel, so much the, may be used instead of be$0. 3e 
 grofer unfere greuben ftnb, befio mebr empfxnben rotr tbre $ergdnglid)feit/ 
 the greater our pleasures, the more we feel how transitory they are. SBer 
 arm ift, %at um fo Otel mebr Urfac&e $u arbeiten unb fparfam ju fein, he 
 who is poor, has so much the more reason to work and to be saving, ©ie 
 baben e3 nicbt getf)an, unb bag ift mir um fo ttcber, you have not done it, 
 and that is so much the more agreeable to me. — Unbtne brang UUr um fo 
 ernjHicber auf bie GfrfuKung iljrer 35efef)Ie, Undine only the more earnestly 
 urged on the accomplishment of her commands. 
 
 SOBetfe, wise, ©er 2Seife, the wise man, philosopher, ©ie SBeife, the 
 manner. ©te Stefe, the meadow, ©er SBeifer (an etner ttbj), the hand, 
 (in einem SSienenftocfe), the queen-be. ©ie SBaife, the orphan. 
 
 (El fucbt ben ©tein ber SBetfen, he is looking for the philosopher's stone. 
 
 ©ie fteben Seifen ©riec&enlanbg, the seven sages of Greece.— 2faf biefe 
 
54 
 
 SBeife GC^t C$ md)r, it will not do in this manner. <£$ jfi bte SSetfe fo, it 
 is the common run. 
 
 ©mem etroa^ n>eid mad)en, to make one believe ; er mad)te il)m ba-3 
 mi$, he made him believe that. (?r tdfjt ftd) Ictc^t ettt>a3 n?et3 madden, 
 he is easily persuaded.— iffieif (adjective), white ; toeif e 2Bafd)e, clean 
 linen ; fteipe f)CUtr, fair skin ; etn ©tiicf met£e3 papier, a blank. 
 
 SBetfcn is sometimes used for ^etfjen, to show, to direct, to teach. 3$ 
 Bin an ©te gennefen, I was directed to you, 3d) itutf e3 tfmt f$on rccifen, 
 (jetgen), I'll teach him manners. (£$ ttUrb ftcb ftetfen (^etgen), time will 
 show.— Self en, to white-wash.— SSiffen, to know (Key, p. 55). 
 
 Right, rec&t, fe$r, gan$.— Ttix tft 2ttfe3 rcd)t, I am content with every- 
 thing, ©te fommen mtr eben recftt, you come in right time. (Er tft nid)t 
 red)t gefrfjCttt, he is not in his right senses. $$n Ufyr ge|)t nicbt recbt, 
 your watch is not right. Tlcrn f ann e3 $finm mcf)t recbt macten, it is im- 
 possible to please you. £>a3 &cif* t rectt aufgefcfinitten, that is downright 
 bragging, ©te Oerftef)en mid) ntd)t red)f, you mistake my meaning. 3$ 
 bin rec&t froty baritber, I am very glad of it. 3d) $a&e tfm recht lieb, Hove 
 him with all my heart. 3d) wetfl nicbt red)t lotc icb'3 tttad)en foft, I am at 
 
 a loss how to proceed. Mttf)t$, recbtcr f>cmb, on the right. <Da3 ftnb 
 
 Ktd)t bte recbtcn Sfttttcf, these are not the right means. (£r tjt ber rechte 
 9)?amt bajU, he is a proper person for it. 3ft bk$ few recbte 2Beg ttad) 
 3t ? Is this the right way to R. ? ©ie ftnb ein recbter (Snglcinber, you 
 
 are a downright Englishman. 
 
 ©te baben 3tecbt, you are right (see p. 167). (Er gob fettter grau SRecbr, 
 he yielded the question to his wife. f)Ctben ©te etn Stecbt fo mit mtr um* 
 guge^en ? Have you a right to use me thus ? 2lu3gef>enbe 3?ecf)te, export 
 duties. 
 
 2J?cm fat) ftc ftcate ftd) in Serettfcbafr, ettoaS recfct 2fogfu$rKc$e3 ju er* 
 
 Jatyfen, it was evident that she had come to the resolution to give a full 
 
 account of herself. (?r bat tyx aud) fetn Unrecht mtt flaren SBorten ab, he 
 
 also earnestly begged her pardon for the injustice he had done her. 3$ 
 
 weijl , bte fcbcnen bcutfcben grcwen |>aben bid) recbt gern, I know that the 
 
 beautiful German ladies are very fond of you. 3$ %&ttZ mtd) nod) faum 
 
 im ©attel mieber $urecht gefefct, unb bie 3uget toieber orbentltd) recbt ge* 
 
 fafj t, hardly had I well settled myself in my saddle, and got the reins in my 
 
 grasp again. S£a3 eine Sftenfcbenbrnfi oermag, rcenn fte fo rec&t rotfl, fo 
 red)t auS i&rem bejten Seben raid, boa oerftc&t ber ofmmacfctige ©aufler 
 m#r, what the heart of man can do, when it exerts the full force of its 
 
55 
 
 will, the strong energy of its noblest powers, of this the feeble enchanter 
 lias no comprehension. 
 
 3?ecfot gcrn, most willingly. £)iefe3 tfi mir lieber cd$ jeneg, I like this 
 better than that. (£$ fottte mtr nicbtS lieber fem, nothing should be more 
 welcome (agreeable) to me. 3$ tt>oKtC lieber fterbctt att btcfeS fbun, I 
 
 would rather die than do so. tel ber @ro£e a| lieber Sraten at$ gefocb* 
 
 teg ^letfcb,, Charlemagne preferred roast meat to boiled meat. (?r trtnft 
 lieber SBetn atg SSaffer, he likes wine better than water. 
 Topvt, ftellen, legen, jtecfen. 
 
 • ©tellen, to put, make to stand upright. Segen, to put, lay. ©tCCffH; 
 to put (into). 
 
 ©tellen ©ic brei Seucbter auf ben £if$, put three candle-sticks upon the 
 table. ©tellen ©ic 3f)ren ©rod in ben SBinfef, put your cane into the 
 corner. Sofun foil id? biefe glafcbe 2Bein ftellen ? or ft o foil icb, biefe 
 gtafcbe 2Sem |> t tl ftCtlcn ? Where am I to put this bottle of wine? 
 
 Segcn ©te bte 3Mtcf)er auf ben £if$, put the books upon the table. 
 Sarum |)aben ©te metnen £)cgen auf bar ©tubi gelegt? why have you 
 put my sword upon the chair I Segen ©te jtcb, $u ©ette, toenn ©te ftcb, un* 
 
 tOOJjl fiibjen, go to bed if you feel unwell. 
 
 ©tecfcn ©te ben Segen in bte ©cbeibe, put the sword into the sheath, 
 ©tecjen ©te Sifter auf bie Seudjter, put candles upon the candle-sticks- 
 3$ ftecfte ba$ @elb tn bte 235rfe, I put the money into the purse. 
 
 ©e£en ©te boo) 3l;ren §>ut auf, do put on your hat. Sarum fe£en ©te 
 
 3^ren §>Ut nta)t auf? why don't you put on your hat? 
 
 To know, fennen, toiffen, tennem— $ennen, to know ; having a know- 
 ledge of the outward form of things; ft>t ff en, to know, to be acquainted 
 with; fonnen (see p. 127). 
 
 fennen ©te metnen ©ruber ? Do you know my brother ? 3a, id) $abe 
 
 ta$ 23eraniigen ibn JU fennen, yes, J. have the pleasure of knowing him. 
 9Zetn, icb f)abe nicbt ta$ Sergnitgcn ifm $u f enncn, no, I have not the plea- 
 sure of knowing him. (This may also be expressed by : id) fyaht bag 35er* 
 gniigen nicbt, ifm ju fennen, but to) fyaU ba3 Sergnitgen, tyn nicbt $u fen* 
 nen, signifies : I have the pleasure of not Mowing him; seep. 109). $CU* 
 
 nen ©ic £errn £., unb ttriffen ©ie mo cr it) o b n t ? Do you know Mr. X. f 
 and do you know where he lives ? 3a, i^ fenne itm, unb meif, baf er in 
 ber Drforbffrafe iOO^nt, yes, I know him, and know that he lives in 
 Oxford-street. 3$ fenne ibn nicbt, I do not know him ; to) meif? ni#t, loo 
 er mo£nt, I do not know where he lives. SSann t^aben ©te meinen Setter 
 femten lemen ? (p. 129) 1 when did you become acquinted with my cousin? 
 
56 
 
 3$ ttrif nitt)t, tta3 id) t$tm foil, I do not know what to do. (?r nntf fe 
 nicbt rcofun er gepen foUte, he did not know where to go. ©ie roeif nicbt 
 tt>aS fte fagen foil, she does not know what to say. 3$ weif e3 lange, I 
 know it a great while ago. SESotlcn ©ie e3 mitt) Wiffeit taffen ? Will you 
 send me word ? 2ftan f ann nitt)t ttnffen roag er beabftdpttgt, it is doubtful 
 what he intends. 2Ba3 giebt e3 9?eue3 ? or cjtebt e3 etreaS 9ieue£? Are 
 there any news \ ytitytd t)0H 3Mang, baf id) roiif te, nothing of con- 
 sequence l know of. 3$ tteif ftt)on roer er ift, 1 know his way. dx roeif 
 ftd) »iel bamit, he values himself much upon it. 2Benn id) rmr ttiifte, roaS 
 er ttyun roirb, if I only knew, what he is going to do.— ^r farm Sltteg, he 
 
 knows everything. 
 
 To salute, grufen,fid)empfe9len. The Germans, when leaving a 
 person, use the verb fid) empfef)len, to recommend one's self: id) empfeble 
 mid) 3^en; id) $abe bie G^re, mid) 3^nen $u empfeplen; or they say. 
 lebert ©ie rOO^I, farewell ; but more generally the French Adieu is used. — 
 Oriipen, to greet, to convey love and respects to one, as : @ritf en ©ie 
 
 3pren (£errn) ©ruber fcon mir or empfeftfcn ©ie mitt) Sfyxzm (f)erw) 
 
 55ritber, remember me kindly to your brother.— 2)?att)en ©ie 3^ r er ^ratl 
 
 gutter mein Compliment* 
 
 S^eif en, to travel; reifen, to burst; rei^ en, to irritate, to charm; 
 reifenb, travelling ; rctjjCttb, bursting ; rci$enb, irritating, charming. 
 
 (£r roilt jum $ergnitgen auf etrte furje 3eit natt) £)eutfd)lanb reifen, he 
 is going to make a trip to Germany. (Jr tft natt) f)0tfanb geretf t, he is 
 
 gone to Holland. (£r roirb iiber $ari3 natt) £>eutfcbfanb reifen, he will go 
 
 to Germany by the way of Paris. 
 
 SBettt) ein rcif enbcr ©trom! what a rapid stream ! (5r f>at bag Reifen 
 in ben ©liebern, he has the gout (bie ©icbt). (?r $at mitt) au3 einer gro* 
 fen @efaf)r gcriffcn, he has rescued me from a great danger. Reifen ©ie 
 
 leine ^offen, don't play the fool, ©id) urn etti>a$ reifen, to strive for 
 
 something. 
 
 ©ic ijt eine reijenbe ©tt)on^eit, she is a charming beauty. Sftetne did* 
 jenbe, my charmer. £)ieg tft eine fel;r rei^enbe ©egenb, this is a most 
 beautiful neighbourhood. 3tcijen ©ie tyn nttt)t ^um 3"^/ do not provoke 
 him. £)iefe ^OOette tft reijenb, this novel is full of charms. 
 
 Seten, bitten, bieten. 
 
 Set en, to pray to God, to say prayers; to say grace. (i6) bete, ttf) 
 betete, id) $abt gebetet.) 
 
 Senn ©it Mt% fotlft ©u ni^t fern roie bte£eutt)Ier, bie ba gem fte$en 
 unb beten in ben ©tt)u(en, unb an ben Often auf ben ©affcn, when thou 
 
57 
 
 prayest, thou shalt not be as the hypocrites are, who love to pray standing 
 in the synagogues and in the corners of the streets. 3Benn £)U after 
 fteteft, fo (je$e in 2)ein $ammerlein, unb fcblief e bie £biir p unb bete ju 
 
 2)emem 35ater tm SBerborgeneit, but when thou prayest, enter into thy 
 closet and when thou hast shut thy door, pray to thy father which is in 
 secret. 
 
 bitten, to request, to pray, to ask. (id) littt, id) bar, id) tjabe gebe* 
 ten.) 
 3d) UtU ©ie nm 3$er3ei£una,, I beg your pardon ; ju ©afte bitten, em* 
 
 Iaben, to invite ; i6) lat tyn JU mh £U lommen, I invited him to call upon 
 
 me. 3d) |obe tyn gebeten, unS feine £mlfe $u lei^en, I have requested him 
 
 to lend us his assistance. 
 
 dmx USatcr toeij?, n?ag i$r bebiirfet, ebe benn itjr ifn bittet. ©arum 
 foltt t|>r atfo betcn : — your father knoweth what things ye have need of, 
 before ye ask him. After this manner therefore pray ye : — 
 
 SBieten, to offer, to tender, (id) Wtz, itf) hot, i$ $ahz geboten). 
 
 (£r bot tl)m £25 fiir fein Serf, he offered him £25 for his work. (£t 
 
 bietet $m bie ©pi£e, he opposes him. Stele bieten barauf, it has a 
 number of bidders. 3$ bkte 3lnen einen guten 2#ora,en, I bid you good 
 morning. (?r bietet fein £au$ feil, he offers his house for sale. 
 
 ®a$ ®zUt, the prayer. ©aS ®&0t, ber Sot, the offer, the bidding, 
 the commandment. ©ie 53itte, the petition, request, supplication. 
 
 ©ag ©ebet be$ f)erm, the Lord's prayer. ©em ©ebot (or fein S3ot) ift 
 £U niebrig, his offer is too low. ©te ge$n ©ebote, the ten command- 
 ments. (?r geioabrte mir metne 23ttte, he granted my request. ©a$ $ir* 
 d)engebet, common prayer. Qx berricbtet fein @ebet, he performs his 
 prayer. 3$ faty 3£nen JU ©ebote, I am at your command. 
 
 ©tunbe, hour, lesson. In speaking of a space of time, the word ©tunbe 
 is used, and not #{)r, which means, clock, watch* 2Bann $abm ©ie JU 
 
 $JliUa$ gegeffen ? When have you had your dinner ? 33or Sroet ©tunben, 
 two hours ago. Um ttu'e oiel U^r? At what o'clock? itm brei tffjr, at 
 three o'clock (see p. 150). (£3 ift nod) feine ©tunbe bcr, it is not yet an 
 hour. ©d)on oor eincr ©tunbe, an hour ago. $5i$ auf bie lefcte ©tunbe, 
 to the last hour ; milfftge ©tunben, spare hours. 
 
 Lesson, instruction, (ber Untcrrid)t) bie ©tunbe. 3d) roiinfcbe ttnter* 
 rid)t (or ©tunben) im ©eutfd)en JU nel;men, I wish to take lessons in Ger- 
 man. Qx qkbt beutfd)e ©tunbon (or beutfd)en Unterricbt), he gives Ger- 
 man lessons. 3o) $abe JtOOff ©tunben monatltcb, I have twelve lessons a 
 
58 
 
 month. 3$ fyabz je^t &terunb$tt>an$tg ©tunben gef)abt, 1 have now had 
 twenty four lessons. 3$ gebraucfoe $tt>ct ©tunben tdgltd? ummetne beutfcfye 
 SefttOU £>or$uberetten, I want two hours every day to prepare my German 
 
 lesson. 3o) ne|>me etncn £ag urn ben anbern etne ©tunbe tm •Deutfapen, I 
 take a German lesson every other day. (?r mrrtmt Unterrtd)t tm £an$en, 
 he takes dancing lessons, ©te ©tunbe tfi aug, the lesson is finished. 
 
 . Pronouns of Address. 
 
 Masc. Fem. Neut. Plur. 
 
 N. ©te you 3fc 3fre 3fr 3|jre your 
 
 G. 3^rcr of you 3kcg S^rer 3£reg 3^rer of your 
 
 D. 3t;nen to you 3f?rem 3^cr 3^em 3$rcn to your 
 
 A. ©ie you 3t)ren 3£re 3£r 3£re your 
 
 Singular. 
 
 N. 3^r £err ©ruber 3$rc ftrau ©d)tr#cr 3$r ftrautefo ©cbroefter 
 G. 3|reg £errn ©ruberg 3&m grau ©cr)tr>ejler 3W5 r '™tetng©cbtt>eft. 
 U. 3^rem f>crrn ©ruber 3^ r er ftrau ©cbrocfter 3£rem grd'uletn©cbmeft. 
 A. 3!)ren £errn ©ruber 3$re grau ©cbrvcfter 3fcr ftraufetn ©cfwefrer 
 
 Plural. 
 N. 3f>re ©ruber 3$re ©cr;tt>eftem 3^rc £tnber 
 
 G. 3^rer ©niber 3^*er ©a)rocfrern 3^cr $tnber 
 
 1). siren ©ritbern 3^ren ©cbtttcjtern 3!?ren tfmbern 
 
 A. 3f)re ©ruber 3^e ©cbrcejtern 3£rc tftnber. 
 
 N. 2Ber %at 3lmen bag @elb gegeben? 3$r f>err SSater, 3^re grou 
 Gutter, 3^ graulein ©c&rr-efter. 
 
 G. Seffen @ctb baben ©te ba? ©ag 3|>reg £errn Dnfetg, bag 3^rer 
 grau £ante, bag 3^reg grduletng Qtouftne. 
 
 D. 2Sem $aben ©te bag ©elb gegeben? 3^cm f>errn Setter, Sfyxex 
 grau ©cbroefier, 3$rem graulein 9tfa)te. 
 
 A. Sen errcarten ©te? 3& r en f>«rn ©o|m, 3f)re grau Zofytcx, 3|jr 
 graulem £oc6ter. 
 
 Sag tft bag (bteg)? ©teg if: 3£r ©rief, 3£te geber, tyx Sua), S)ie^ 
 ftnb 3^re ©rtefe, 3$re gebern, 3*> r e ©iicber. 
 
 £aben ©te @tr»ag empfangcn? $a, tcb $abe 3fwn ©rtef, 35re geher, 
 3^r ©ua) empfangen. 3a, tcr) $abe 3^e ©rtefe, 3$w ^ crn «nb 3T?w 
 Sitter empfangen. 
 
59 
 
 Barum t)aben ©te bat getfcan? 3$ tyat eg 3&retn>egen, 3$ barifc 
 3$nen fitr bte mix er^ergte ©efatftgfett. 3$ kin 3Dnen fitr 3#re 
 ©iite oerbunben. 3$ erfaube mtr ©te um etne ©efa'Ktgfett ju Bitten, 
 SSomit farm td) 3|men bienen ? 2Bag bat 3Dr Sruber? (Sr W 3$ren 
 3?egcnfd)trm, 3&re 35i3rfe unb §$t ©fag. f>at 3^e ©cbioefter siren 
 IHinfj, 3f>re £affe unb 3#t 2>ucb ? £aben ©te 3$rc$ Sruberg ©rtef gelo 
 fen? $abm ©te ben fmt unb bte 2Befte3lteg £errn23ruberg? ©agen 
 ©te bocb 3|>rem £erw ©rofftater, 3£rer gran ©ro^muttcr unb 3$rem 
 grauletn ©cbtoefier, bafj id) fte morgen befucben roerbe. 3$ #afo gefiern 
 3ftren f>errn SReffen, 3Jjre ftrau 9?td)te unb 3f>r grauletn (Souffne gefef;en« 
 Bo ftnb 3^re 33ritber unb 3£re ©cbweftero? Seffen ©epacf tft bieg? <£g 
 tfi bat 3$rer Dnfel unb 3^rer Zantm. 
 
 UNDINE. Chap. I. 
 dt tttogen.— ©g, neuter pronoun of the third person, may relate to nouns 
 of any gender and number, to adjectives and prepositions (see p. 75) — 
 This observation also applies to the neuter of the demonstrative pronoun 
 bkt f btefj, biefeg, this, bat, that, and the neuter of the interrogative pro- 
 noun melcbeg, which. Example : — -Dag ift ein guter 9J?ann, that (or he) 
 is a good man. £>a$ ift bte ©ante, ton ber tcfe nttt 3Jmen gefprocbcn babe/ 
 
 that is the lady of whom I have spoken to you. ©tub bteg (biefeg orbtefj) 
 bte Md)er, bte er befiettt $at ? are these the books which he has ordered ? 
 23ela)eg ftnb bte STepfel, bte to) nefcmen foil? Which are the apples that I 
 am to take ?— (?g mogen nun tt>of>i fcbon stele bunbert 3<#re feet fein, i* 
 
 may now perhaps be many hundred years since, — Since (or ago) referring 
 to time: fett, tier, sorbet, feftbem: long since, Ictnge Ber; how long since? 
 feitmamt? About two years since, oor ungefabr #vet 3«^en. How long 
 is it since he was here ? ttne lange ifi eg 6er, bafi er Bier root? He was 
 here a fortnight ago, er mar Oor Oterjeftn £agen bter. It is a year since. 
 eg tfl etn $a$r #er. It is hardly six months since, eg ftnb faum fed)g $?o= 
 nate Ber. Is it long since you have seen him 1 ift eg fd)on lange Ber, bafl 
 ©tC t$tt gcfel;en baben? Since (expressing a cause), ba, tt?etl: since you 
 are here, ba ©te bod) $tcr ftnb.— 
 
 (?g giebt, there is, there are; eg gab, there was, there were ; eg ^at— 
 gegeBen, there has (or have) been; eg batte— gegeben, there had been; eg 
 mtrb— geben, there will be ; eg mitrbe— gefcen, there would be, &c. (see p. 
 75 & Key p. 10). Notice that eg gtebt, &c, requires the object in the 
 accusative, ©tebt eg fetn Tlitttl tyn sum ©predpen Gum ©c^isetgen) ju 
 Brtngen? is there no means to make him speak (to make him quiet?) 
 
60 
 
 (£r fttcftC* How are the tenses of regular verbs formed ? (see p. 49.) 
 
 Question on the prepositions that occur. 
 
 Question on the construction and inverted sentences. 
 
 QiM#, $etne£, &c, are used in the neuter, being applicable to any one, 
 without regard to sex or number. 3Son -Jftenfc&en fretltd) t»ar an biefct 
 bubfd)en ©telle mentg ober gar mrt)t3 an^utrcffen, with respect to human 
 beings, it is true, there were few or rather none to be met with in this 
 pleasant spot. (©0 gan$ obne tfrfad)e gercinnt man etn 2(nbre$ ntcbt fo 
 Iteb, so perfectly without cause one individual does not become so fondly 
 attached to another. 2Me3 Uttt fte ber, all (people) around her. (£me6 
 tier Sbelcute, one of the married people.) 
 
 Incidental and explanatory sentences go next to the word to which they 
 refer, and, of course, precede the participle or infinitive of the principal 
 clause, or the whole verb in an irregular construction, as : etn SBalb, ben 
 bt'e mebrften Seute— fcbeuetcn. 
 
 £r toobnte tn etner itberaug anmufbtgen ©egenb, he lived in an exceed- 
 ingly beautiful neighbourhood. Attributive adjectives are placed before 
 their noun and declined ; adjectives placed after their noun as predicates 
 and adverbs are not declined; thus we say: bie ©egenb foar iiberaug an* 
 mutfug. Some prepositions are used as adverbs : liberal, exceedingly ; 
 
 worauf, whereupon, upon which ; bureaus, throughout (burd)au$ ntd)r, 
 
 by no means) ; fcoraug, beforehand ; fcoritber, over ; mttunter, now and 
 then; injrOtfd)cn, in the meantime; battttt, at the same time ;— burtt) unb 
 burd), throughout, wholly ; fitr Utlb fitr, for ever and ever ; nad) unb nacb, 
 gradually; itber unb itber, over and over; um Mtb um, on all sides. — 
 
 The following contractions are used : brauf, braug, brtn, brtnnen, brunter, 
 brum, for barauf, &c. 
 
 — (mil) er begte fafi feme anbre att fromme@ebanfen,unbnod) auf cr= 
 bent (besides), jebeSmal roenn er Utxat bie r-errufenen ©fatten, (er) roar 
 gercobnt anjufitmmen etn getftltcbeS 2teb aue belter ile&le unb aufrtcr)tt* 
 gem £er$en. 
 
 From the rules, given p. 64 &c, it appears that the greatest part of 
 masc. nouns form their plural in -e, fem. in -n or en, neuter -er; those 
 finding in el, en, er, d)cn, letn, do not vary. Which then is the plural of 
 
 &apitel, fitter, gtfeber, ©fatten, &c. ; £bitre, ©egenb, $ixttt, (frb^unge, 
 glutb, 2lue, ©telle, &c; ber ©aft, ber giOtfr, &c? Which is the singular 
 of airmen, ©rafern, 55lumen, Saumen, (Sreaturen, ©aufeleten, &c. 
 
61 
 
 Conversation. 
 
 Sag gab eg einmal? 
 
 Sic »ietc 3a$re mag eg fcr)on £et 
 
 fem? 
 Sann qcti eg einmal einen alien 
 
 (Mien gifc&er? 
 Bag gab eg oor oielen Imnbcrt 
 
 3aDren einmal? 
 Sar t»er gif$er alt ober jung? 
 Bie alt roar er? 
 
 Bo faf ber gifd)cr eineg fd)onen 
 
 llbenbg? 
 Ber faf eineg f^onen 2lbenbg oor 
 
 ber ££ur? 
 Bann faf ber alte gute $if#er 
 
 oor ber £ijur ? 
 Sag tl)at er ba? 
 Ber fKcfte feine 3^e^e? 
 Bagfficfreer? 
 So fXicfte er feine 3fe#e? 
 So rooimte er? 
 
 3n roag fur eincr ©egenb roo^nte 
 
 er? 
 Bie roar bie ©egenb, too ber gt* 
 
 fct)er roojmte? 
 Sag roar iiberaug anmut^tg? 
 
 Sar bie ©egenb, roo ber gifcr)cr 
 
 roo|>nte, anmutfng ? 
 So roar bie £iitte beg gifd)crg 
 
 gebaut? 
 Sag roar auf cinem griinen So* 
 
 ben gebaut? 
 Seffen £iitte roar auf cinem grit* 
 
 nenSoben gebaut? 
 
 ©inen alien gutcn Sifter. 
 SSiele Imnbert 3a$re. 
 
 $or oielen |>unbert 3a£ren. 
 
 ©men guten alten gtfefcer. 
 
 GUr roar alt. 
 
 ®a$ roeif icr) ni#t (or ity roeif eg 
 
 nia)t). 
 SSor ber Str>itr. 
 
 ©er gute alte gifdjer. 
 
 (Jineg f#onen Slbenbg. 
 
 (£r flicfte feine 9?e$e. 
 
 2)er atte gute gif^er. 
 
 (Seine 9?ej3e. 
 
 23or ber ££iir. 
 
 3n einer iiberaug anmut$tgen©e= 
 
 genb. 
 3n ciner iiberaug anmutjn'gen ©e* 
 
 genb. 
 <Sie roar iiberaug anmutfcig. 
 
 Ste ©egenb roo ber gute alte 
 
 gtfcr)er roo^nte. 
 3a (or ja, fte roar anmutf>ig). 
 
 &uf einem griinen Soben. 
 
 Diefnitte beg guten alten gifd&erg. 
 2)i> f)iitte beg giifcr)erg (or bie beg 
 gifaerg). 
 
62 
 
 2Bo$trtau0 fhre^tc ft# btefer grime 
 
 33obcn? 
 BaS firecfte ft# roett in emcn 
 
 grojsen Sanbfee |)fnau3? 
 Bar ber 2anbfeegro§? 
 3n roa3 |>atte ftd) bte (Srb^unge 
 
 l)tnemgcbrcmgt? 
 BaS fjatte ft'cf) mbtegtutt) fcinem* 
 
 gebrangt? 
 Bef^alb ^attz ftd) bte grbjunge 
 
 tn bte $lutl) fnnetngebrangt ? 
 SUtSStebeproaS? 
 
 Bte war bte $lut|> ? 
 
 Ba§ mar bldufta) flar unb roun= 
 
 bcrf;ell? 
 £atte bag Baffer mtt oerltcbten 
 
 Strmen naa) ber fdjonen 2iucge= 
 
 grtffcn ? 
 9?acb roaS fjatte ba$ Baffer mtt 
 ,oerltebten 2(rmcn gegriffen ? 
 
 Bte roar bte 2luc? 
 
 Bte roarcn bie (Sra'fer unb 23fu* 
 
 men? 
 Bte mar ber ©fatten? 
 BaSroar f#bn? 
 Ba3 roar t)ocf,>fd)roanfenb. 
 Ba6 roar erqutcftm; ? 
 @mg (£tn$ bet bem Slnbern ju 
 
 ©afte? 
 Ba3 tJ^atbaS Sine? 
 Bef^alb roar jegltcfteS fo f#on? 
 
 Baren oiele 2ftenfa)cn an btefer 
 fcfyonen ©tette an^utreffen? 
 
 Bo roaren m'$t otele 9P?enf$cn 
 anptreffen? 
 
 Beit in ctnen gtojJen Sanbfee 
 
 $mau& 
 ©er grime 33obm, roorauf Me 
 
 f>iitte be$ 8tfc!)er3 gebaut war. 
 3a (or ja, er roar grof )♦ 
 3n bte gtutlj. 
 
 £)te (Jrbjunge. 
 
 Bte eS fd)fen au$ Stebe. 
 
 3u ber bidutta) f taren, rounbcr^el- 
 
 len $Iuti). 
 551aulia) fiar unb rounbcr|e#, 
 £>ie gluty. 
 
 3a, e3 fasten fo. 
 
 9lad) ber fc^onen Slue, naa) t^rcn 
 £oa)fa)roantocn ©rdfern unb 
 Slumen unb mm; bem erqutcf* 
 Itcfyen Bfyattm t^rer Sdume* 
 
 ©$6n (or fte roar f$on). 
 
 fwdtfcfyroanfenb (or fte roarcn §o#* 
 fa)roanfenb). 
 
 (frqutcf(ta) (or er roar erqutcf(t$)* 
 
 ©te 20ie. 
 
 2)te ©rdfer unb ©lumen. 
 
 £)er @a)atten ber SSaiune. 
 
 3a. 
 
 (£$ gtng bet bem 2(nbcrn $u®{$e. 
 Beit (£in3 bet bem Sfnbcrn ju 
 
 @afie gtng, 
 9?etm 
 
 2tn btefer f#3nen ©telle* 
 
63 
 
 233 er foo$nte an biefer f$enen 
 
 ©telle? 
 So roofmten ber gtftyet unb feme 
 
 £au3leute? 
 SaS lag Winter ber (£rb$unge? 
 23o lag em fc^r rotlbcr 2Mb? 
 (Ba)euten bte meljrften SD?enfc^en 
 
 ben ©alb? 
 28er fd&eutc ben 2SaIb? 
 2BaS f^eueten bte me^rften 2ften= 
 
 f$en? 
 Sefljalb f$eueten bte me^rften 
 
 SWenfc^cn ben rottsen SBalb? 
 
 2Sfe roar ber Bafb? 
 
 23a$ follte man m bem ©albe 
 
 antreffen? 
 28o follte man rounberfame (£rea= 
 
 turen unb © auf eleten antreffen ? 
 Segabcn fia) bte 9#enfa;en nm)t m 
 
 ben SSalb |nnem ? 
 SBarum oegaoen fie fm) m$t tn 
 
 ben Salb^tnetn? 
 £)ura;fa;rttt ber altz fromme gi- 
 
 fd)er ben Salb otme 2lnfed)tung ? 
 2Ser burcr;fct)rttt ben SBalb o^ne 
 
 2mfecr,tung? 
 ©urdjfc&rtft ber edit gtf#er ben 
 
 2Mb oft? 
 SSann gmg ber gtf$er bura; ben 
 
 Salb? 
 Sarcn bte gtftye, bte er nad) ber 
 
 ©tabt trug, gut? 
 28a3 fmg ber gtfa)er auf fetner 
 
 fdjonen Sanbmnge ? 
 3a$ roar foiW ? 
 
 ©er gtfe^er unb feme $au§lmk* 
 
 %xt btefer fa;6nen ©telle. 
 
 din fef?r rotlber 2Mb. 
 ^tnter ber ©rbmnge. 
 3a. 
 
 2)te mcflrffot 2tfenf$en. 
 2)en fefjr rotlben 2Mb. 
 
 Segen fetner gtnfterntf unb U«* 
 roegfamf ett, rote au$ roegen ber 
 rounberfamen Gfreaturcn unb 
 ©aufeleien, bte man barin an* 
 treffen follte. 
 
 gmfter unb unroegfam. 
 
 SSunberfame (Ereaturen unb (San* 
 feleten. 
 
 3n bem feljr rotlben 28albe, ber 
 gutter ber (Srbmnge tag. 
 
 %tn, roentgens nta)t ofme^cott). 
 
 Sett fte ffm aUjufe&r fa)eueten. 
 
 3a, er bura)fcr;rttt ben 2Mb £u 
 
 otelen $?atcn. 
 £)er alte fromme fttfdjer. 
 
 3a, er bura)fd)rttt tfm ju otelen 
 
 SMen. 
 Senn er gtf#e jur ©tabt trug. 
 
 3a, fte roaren foflltcf). 
 
 £oftltc&e gtf#e. 
 
 ©te g-tfefce, bte ber gtf^er auf fri* 
 ner fc^onen Sanb^unge fmg. 
 
64 
 
 So fag ber $tfc$cr !6fllf($e gtf#e ? 
 9?ao) roela;er @tabt trug ber gi* 
 
 Sarbtefe@tabtgro$? 
 So lag biefc gro£e @tabt? 
 
 Sarb eg bem fttfifcer leta)t, bura) 
 
 ben ftorftju $fe$cn? 
 Sag ioarb bem $tfa)er Iem)t? 
 Sarum roarb eg bem gtfcr)errool)T 
 
 fo Icia)t, tura) ben gorfl ju ste* 
 
 $en? 
 Sag fur ©ebanfen tjegte er? 
 
 Ser Jjegtemtr fromme ©ebanf en? 
 Sag roar ber fttft&er no# aufer* 
 bem gcwo^nt? 
 
 Sann frtmmte er em geiftfia)cg 
 
 Steb an ? 
 28a3 t^at er, roenn er bteocrrufe= 
 
 nen ©fatten betrat? 
 Siefang er? 
 
 2Sa^ fang er aug feller $c£te 
 
 unb aufrttt)tigem £er$en? 
 Sag fur ein Sieb fang er? 
 
 2Tuf femer fa)6nen Santyunge. 
 9ta$ etner grofen ©tabt, mtye 
 
 ni$t fe$i n>eti Winter bem gro* 
 
 fen Salbe lag. 
 3a Cor ia, fte roar grofO- 
 9Jta;t fe$r roeit Winter bem gro^en 
 
 Salbe. 
 3a, eg roarb i$m Ui$U 
 
 £)urcr) ben ftorft <w jte^en. 
 
 $2e|jrent|)eitgrool>lbefroegen, roeit 
 er faft feine anbere atg fromme 
 ©cbanfcn I)egte, unb &c. 
 
 giaft feine anbere atg fromme ©e* 
 banfen. 
 
 ©er gute alte ^tfa)er. 
 
 ®r roar geroojmt jebegmat, roenn 
 er bte oerrufenen <B$attm be* 
 trat, ein getftlta;eg 2tebaug£ef= 
 ler $e£fe unb aufrt#tigem£er* 
 $en anjuftimmen. 
 
 3ebegmal roenn er bie oerrufenen 
 ©fatten betrat. 
 
 dr ftimmte ein geifHi#eg Sieb an. 
 
 Slug fetter $e&Ie unb aufrid&tigertt 
 
 #er$en. 
 din getftliapeg Sieb. 
 
 din geiftlia^eg Steb. 
 
% 
 
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