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XENOPHOFS AIABASIS, 
 
 WITH 
 
 dfflanatora litotes, 
 
 - 
 
 FOR THE 
 
 USE OF SCHOOLS AM) COLLEGES DT THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 BY 
 
 JAMES R. BOISE, 
 
 PEOFESSOE OF GBEEK XS THE UNXVEESITY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 WITH KIEPERT'S MAP, 
 
 SHOWING THE ENTIRE ROUTE OF THE TEN THOUSAND. 
 
 AKD 
 
 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE ANABASIS, 
 
 TEANSLATED FEOM HEETtKIS. 
 
 NEW TOEK : 
 D. APPLETON AND COMPANY, 
 
 346 & 348 BROADWAY. 
 1860. 
 
 I 
 
 \ 
 
>0v 
 
 
 
 
 D 5 
 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1856, 
 
 By D. APPLETON & COMPANY, 
 
 In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the 
 
 Southern District of New York, 
 
TO 
 
 THE REV. FRANCIS WAYLAID, D.D., LL.D., 
 
 LATE PBESEDENT OF BEOWN UNIVEB8ITY, 
 
 THIS EDITION OF THE ANABASIS 
 
 AS A SLIGHT TOKEN OF GRATEFUL REMEMBRANCE FOR MANY FAVORS, 
 
 AND FOR INVALUABLE SUGGESTIONS ON THE STUDY AND 
 
 TEACHING OF THE ANCIENT LANGUAGES, 
 
 BY HIS FOEMEE PUPIL, 
 
 THE EDITOE. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 Since the notes which accompany the latest Ameri- 
 can editions of the Anabasis were written, the following 
 excellent editions have appeared in Germany : 
 
 1. Kiihner's Anabasis, published in 1852, with a 
 Latin Commentary, and with critical annotations on the 
 text. Dr. Kiihner is well known to scholars in this 
 country through his excellent Grammars of the Greek 
 language, translated by Messrs. Edwards & Taylor, of 
 Andover, Mass., and also through his Latin Grammar, 
 translated by Professor Champlin, of Waterville College, 
 Maine. His edition of the Anabasis exhibits the same 
 critical scholarship and sound judgment as his other 
 works. • 
 
 2. An edition by K. Matthiae, also published in 
 1852, with German notes, and an appendix containing 
 a Lexicon and Grammar adapted to the Anabasis. 
 
 3. Several different editions by K. W. Kriiger. Of 
 these, the editor has in his possession the edition of 1845, 
 which is an enlargement of the edition of 1830, the first 
 
VI PKEFACE. 
 
 which was published with German notes : also the edi- 
 tion of 1849, which contains a delectus emendationum 
 and a Greek-German Lexicon of the Anabasis ; and 
 lastly the edition of 1850, with numerous and very val- 
 uable grammatical notes in German. 
 
 4. F. K. Hertlein's Anabasis. This belongs to the 
 deservedly popular series of Greek and Latin authors 
 with German notes, published by Weidmann, in Leipsic. 
 The grammatical notes, though not so numerous and 
 full as those of Kriiger, are always to the point : and 
 are indeed often so similar to those of Kriiger, as to 
 give some plausibility to the charge of plagiarism in 
 this part of the work. Hertlein has also added in his 
 2d edition, 1854, extensive geographical notes, taken 
 by permission from the works of Kiepert. Thus we 
 have in Hertlein's edition unquestionably the most com- 
 plete and accurate geographical commentary, which 
 has ever been published with a school edition of the 
 Aiiabasis. 
 
 While therefore in the preparation of this edition, 
 the older helps in such a work have not been neglected, 
 it has been the chief aim of the editor to embody as 
 fully as possible the results of the most recent investi- 
 gations bearing on this subject. Free use has conse- 
 quently been made of the labors particularly of Kriiger 
 and of Hertlein ; while, at the same time, the fact has 
 not been lost sight of, that the classical schools of this 
 country are behind those of Germany, and that simpler 
 and more elementary explanations are therefore often 
 
PKEFACE. Vll 
 
 necessary in a worK prepared for American schools. 
 The geographical notes are almost exclusively transla- 
 ted from Kiepert as cited by Hertlein. 
 
 The grammatical references are to Kiihner's Greek 
 Grammar, translated by Messrs. Edwards & Taylor, 
 and published by Messrs. D. Appleton & Company, of 
 New York. It was deemed superfluous in a school 
 edition to make references to the grammatical works 
 of Jelf, Buttmann, and. Matthiae, which are at present 
 seldom, if ever, used by the pupils in our schools : nor 
 was it thought expedient to add references to Eaihner's 
 Elementary Greek Grammar, or to the excellent works 
 of Champlin, Kendrick, Sophocles, Crosby, and Mc- 
 Clintock. The careful learner who uses either of these 
 grammars in preference to that of Kiihner will generally 
 find by the aid of his index or table of contents the 
 principle in question. 
 
 The text of this edition is intended to be an exact 
 reprint of that of Hertlein. It will be perceived that 
 pp appears without the usual breathings ; and also, that 
 capital letters are used only for proper names or their 
 derivatives, and to commence distinct paragraphs (not 
 single sentences). This is in conformity with the 
 series of "Weidmann and of Teubner. A table, exhib- 
 iting the passages in which Hertlein varies from L. 
 Dindorf s edition, published by Teubner in 1851, has 
 been appended to the text. 
 
 The editor cannot refrain from expressing in this 
 connection, his high appreciation of the excellent edi- 
 
• • • 
 
 Vlll PEEFAOE. 
 
 tion of the Anabasis published in this country in 1843, 
 by Rev. Dr. J. J. Owen. This work has been constantly 
 examined in connection with those above mentioned, 
 and for the suggestions thence derived, as well as for 
 many personal favors, the editor desires to express hia 
 grateful acknowledgments. 
 
 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, June, 1856. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 § 1. Among the most distinguished of ancient authors, 
 whose works still present, after the lapse of more than two 
 thousand years, an inexhaustible fountain of the noblest enjoy- 
 ment and the richest instruction, Xenophon, an Athenian, son 
 of Gryllus, has justly acquired a conspicuous position. The 
 year of his birth cannot with certainty be given ; and it would 
 seem quite proper in a work of this kind to pass over the in- 
 vestigation of this point, were there not in the Anabasis itself 
 several passages which bear upon it. The third year of the 
 82d Olympiad = 450 B. C., is the date commonly assumed, 
 having been inferred from the statement of Stesiclides, cited 
 by Diogenes Laertius (II, 56), who places his death in the 
 first year of the 105th Olympiad = 360 B. C, added to the 
 statement of Lucian (in the M.aKp6j3tot ch. 21), that he lived 
 more than ninety years. But the statement of Stesiclides is 
 more than doubtful, because in the Historia Graeca VI, 4, 36, 
 the death of Alexander tyrant of Pherae is mentioned ; and 
 this took place, according to Diodorus Siculus (XVI, 14), in 
 the 4th year of the 105th Olympiad ; hence Xenophon must 
 have lived several years after 360, B. C. The passages in the 
 Anabasis which bear on tills question, are the following : — 1st, 
 
X INTRODUCTION. 
 
 in 3, 1/ 14, and 25, he alludes to his age as though he might 
 appear too youthful to take the position of commander ; 2d, in 
 3, 2, 37, Xenophon and Timasion are mentioned as the youngest 
 generals; 3d, in 5, 3, 1, all, who were more than forty years 
 of age, are represented as taking ship, while Xenophon, with 
 those who were younger, continues the march by land, and in 
 7, 3, 46, he is spoken of as commander of those who had not 
 yet passed the thirtieth year of their age ; 4th, in 7, 6, 34, it 
 is implied that he had no children. All of these passages, 
 however, fail to justify the assertion that Xenophon was scarcely 
 more than 26 or 27 years of age at that time ; since, when 
 generals were chosen by the popular vote, it was customary to 
 elect only those who were men of experience, and somewhat 
 advanced in years ; and, for this reason, the first two passages 
 above referred to, prove nothing decisive. Nor does the fact, 
 that Proxenus was only about thirty years of age (Anab. 2, 6, 
 20), Agias and Socrates about thirty-five (2, 6, 30), and Menon 
 much younger (2, 6, 28), bear at all on this question ; because 
 these generals were not chosen by their own soldiers. So also 
 the two passages cited under the 3d head, prove nothing with 
 certainty ; for the leader might be older than the men whom 
 he commanded, inasmuch as he commonly went on horseback, 
 and could thus more easily bear the fatigues of the march than 
 the common soldier who must go on foot. The last passage 
 above cited, presents nothing from which any positive conclu- 
 sion can be drawn respecting the age of Xenophon. On the 
 contrary, it is implied in 7, 2, 38, that he was of such an age 
 that he might be supposed to have a marriageable daughter. 
 Furthermore, Diogenes Laertius (II, 22), and Strabo (IX, 2, p. 
 251, Tauchn.), relate that Xenophon was engaged in the battle 
 of Delium (which occurred Olymp. LXXXIX, 1 = 424, B. C), 
 Now as the Athenians did not perform military duty beyond 
 the borders of Attica before the twentieth year of their age, 
 Kruger* concludes that Xenophon may have been born about 
 
 * De Xenophontis vita. Hal. Sax. 1822. 
 
INTRODUCTION. XI 
 
 Olymp. LXXXIV, 1 = 444, B. C, and consequently that he 
 may have been about forty-four years of age at the time of the 
 expedition into Upper Asia. 
 
 Of Xenophon's youth we know little. It appears from 
 Anab. 7, 8, 4, that he belonged to a family of considerable 
 wealth ; and it cannot be doubted that he received a careful 
 education. To the culture of his mind were doubtless added 
 those gymnastic exercises which always constituted an impor- 
 tant part of an Athenian education : he shows, at least in his 
 own writings, a great fondness for horsemanship, and for the 
 chase. On his spiritual development, no person exerted so 
 great an influence as Socrates, to whom he has consecrated an 
 offering of genuine love and admiration in his literary works. 
 That he was also a hearer of the celebrated Sophist Prodicus, 
 of Ceos, is related by Philostratus in the Lives of the Sophists, 
 T, 12 ; from which passage it also appears that he spent some 
 time in Boeotia as a prisoner. Here he appears to have con- 
 tracted that friendship for Proxenus which exerted on the 
 events of his subsequent life so marked an influence. 
 
 Induced by Proxenus (Anab. 3, 1, 4), he repaired in the 
 year 401, B. C. to Asia Minor, where he was introduced to 
 the younger Cyrus, whom he accompanied in the expedition 
 against Artaxerxes II. The principal motives which led him 
 to follow Cyrus, were probably the desire of military renown, 
 and the hope of increasing his fortune, which most likely had 
 been greatly impaired, like that of many other Athenians, in 
 the disasters attending and following the Pcloponnesian war. 
 These motives overcame the scruples which he at first experi- 
 enced in view of the hostility of Cyrus towards Athens, and 
 the consequent probability that he might incur the jealousy 
 of his native city. 
 
 After the battle of Cunaxa, and after most of the Grecian 
 generals had been taken and executed by the treachery of the 
 Persians, Xenophon was the first to animate the drooping 
 spirits of the Greeks and from this time forth he was the soul 
 
XII INTRODUCTION. 
 
 of every enterprise in the celebrated retreat of the ten thousand. 
 The remnant of these, after their return, were united with the 
 troops of the Spartan Thibron (or Thimbron), to defend the 
 Greek colonies in Asia Minor against the Persians. In the 
 expedition under Thibron and his successor Dercylidas, Xeno- 
 phon appears also to have taken part ; perhaps as leader of the 
 K-vpetoL (cf. 3, 2, 17). It is at least certain that he accom- 
 panied Agesilaus, first in his military operations against the 
 Persians in the year 396, B. C, and afterwards in 394, B. C, 
 in his march through Thrace and Thessaly to Boeotia ; and 
 that in the battle of Coronea he fought on the side of the 
 Lacedsemonians against his own fellow-citizens. This pro- 
 ceeding, which has been severely censured by some modern 
 scholars, especially by Niebuhr, will be # viewed in a much 
 milder light when all of the circumstances as well as the pre- 
 vailing opinions of the time are taken into consideration. The 
 Greeks, notwithstanding their subdivision into many States, 
 considered themselves as united into one people by a common 
 language and religion, as well as by similar customs and insti- 
 tutions. Hence as a general rule those who were banished, 
 did not hesitate to join in war with another State against 
 their paternal city, under the idea that 'they were only con- 
 tending for their own rights against a party which was hostile 
 to themselves. The censure which has on this account fallen 
 on Xenophon, belongs, therefore, not so much to him as to the 
 age in which he lived. 
 
 Xenophon was banished (probably soon after he passed 
 over with the army from Europe into Asia, .Anab. 7, 7, 57), 
 for the reason that he had entered into the service of Cyrus, 
 who, through the most active support given to the Lacedae- 
 monians in the Peloponnesian war, had been the principal 
 cause of that result which was so disastrous to Athens. The 
 situation in which Xenophon was placed, fully explains, if it 
 does not justify, his conduct. To this must be added the 
 general admiration for the Spartan constitution, which culti- 
 
INTRODUCTION. XIII 
 
 vated men at Athens then felt, owing to the corruption of- 
 the democracy, in which admiration Xenophon participated ; 
 and also that friendship and respect for Agesilaus, of which 
 his writings afford abundant evidence. 
 
 Through the influence of his friend Agesilaus, Xenophon 
 received as a reward for his important services in the war, a 
 valuable estate at Scillus, in that part of Elis which had been 
 taken by Sparta. Here, with a part of the spoils which were 
 saved from the Persian expedition, he built and consecrated 
 to Artemis that sanctuary which he so pleasantly describes in 
 the Anab. 5, 3. Here in the enjoyment of rural quietude and 
 leisure, such as a life of toil had fitted him to appreciate, he 
 probably composed the greater part of his works. He was not 
 however permitted to continue in the quiet possession of his 
 estate. After the p>ower of Sparta had been for ever broken 
 in the battle of Leuctra (371, B. C), the Eleans regained 
 possession of Scillus, and compelled Xenophon to abandon his 
 residence. The last years of his life were spent at Corinth : 
 nor did his recall from banishment, effected by the influence 
 of Eubulus, induce him to return to Athens. He, however, 
 sent thither his two sons G-ryllus and Diodorus, to join the 
 army which the Athenians furnished, for aid to the Lacedae- 
 monians just before the battle of Mantinea. Gryllus fell in 
 battle while bravely fighting ; and the Athenians claimed for 
 him the honor of having mortally wounded the great Theban 
 commander. Xenojmon received the tidings of the death of 
 Gryllus with the deepest sorrow ; yet he bore the affliction in a 
 manner worthy of the greatest men of antiquity. The year 
 of his death is no more certain than that of his birth. Still 
 we may assume that it did not occur before Olymp. CVI, 
 2 == 355, B. C, since it scarcely admits of a doubt that the 
 small work Tropoi ?} 7rept TrpocroScov was written after the Social 
 war which lasted from Olymp. CV, 3, to CVI, 1. 
 
 § 2. Of the character of Xenophon, we are able to obtain a 
 very complete view from his writings, especially from the 
 
XIV INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Anabasis. His leading traits were a refined susceptibility for all 
 that is noble and good, mildness of disposition, fondness for 
 pleasantry united with a firmness and decision which, were in- 
 vincible even in the most trying situations, a heart formed for 
 friendship, and a remarkable devotion to persons of distin- 
 guished excellence ; which, while it proves his sympathies to 
 have been generous, at the same time not unfrecjuently obscures 
 the clearness of his vision as a historian. Notwithstanding hia 
 fondness for philosophical studies, the pious faith of his ances- 
 tors lives in him undisturbed; — a fact which at first view 
 appears surprising, but which is understood on the ground that 
 Xenophon contemplated philosophy only in its bearings on real 
 life, while from those more profound inquiries which Plato 
 pursued, Xenophon stood almost entirely aloof. 
 
 § 3. As an author, his practical nature leads him to treat 
 principally of the events of his time, of the art of war, of polit- 
 ical economy, and of the duties of the citizen in his relation to 
 the state, as well as to the family. His writings therefore 
 may be divided into historical, military, political, and philo- 
 -sophical. To his historical works belong the Anabasis, of 
 which we shall have occasion to speak more fully below, and 
 the Historia Graeca ('EX/VTyvtKa), consisting of seven books 
 which are a continuation of the work of Thucydides, and which 
 contain a history of Greece from the twenty-first year of the 
 Peloponnesian war down to the battle of Mantinea (from 410 
 to 362, B. C.) ; and to the same class of works belongs also the 
 Agesilaus. The c l7T7rap^tKos is a military treatise on the duties 
 of a leader of cavalry ; and to the same subject belongs also, for 
 the most part, the tract irepl Ittttlk^. So also in close connec- 
 tion with these works, stands the Kw^y eriKos, a treatise on 
 hunting, the practice of which Xenophon considers an excellent 
 school preparatory for war. His political writings comprise 
 several smaller works ; one on the Lacedaemonian State, 
 another on the Athenian State (this latter, however, is prob- 
 ably not the work of Xenophon), a treatise on revenues, and a 
 
INTRODUCTION. XV 
 
 tract on the tyrant Hiero (AaKeSai/xonW 7roAiT€ta, 'A&paiW 
 TroXiTeta, Uopoi rj 7T€pt 7rpocroScov, 'Iepwv ^ Tvpavvos). To his 
 philosophical writings belong the Memoirs of Socrates, 'Atto- 
 jxvrjfxovevfxaTa Scdk/xxtov?, the Banquet (Sv//,7rocnov), the Oecono- 
 micus (Oikovoixlkos,), and the Apology of Socrates (^wKparovs 
 a.7ro\oyLa), which is perhaps supposititious. To all these various 
 classes belongs the Kvpov 72-uiSeia, a sort of didactic, historical 
 romance, in which Xenophon sets forth his own ideal of an 
 accomplished ruler in the person of the elder Cyrus. 
 
 Most of Xenophon's writings are not less distinguished for 
 their outward form, than for their valuable and important con- 
 tents. Though his style is simple and unadorned (whence he 
 has been called 6 acpeXrjs kcu ictj^vos ^apa/crr/p), yet it glides 
 along in an easy and charming manner, for the most part in a 
 uniform and quiet stream. Though he seldom rises above this 
 simplicity to a more elevated diction, yet he is by no means 
 wanting in oratorical impressiveness and convincing clearness. 
 He uses metaphors and other rhetorical figures somewhat 
 sparingly, but is nice and tasteful in the choice of words, 
 without being over-anxious for variety of expression. Nor is 
 he very thoughtful to give a periodic roundness to his entire 
 sentences or great regularity to the several parts : on the con- 
 trary he often passes in the midst of a sentence from one con- 
 struction to another, after the manner of lively conversation : 
 so that in few of the better Greek authors does the anacoluthon 
 occur so often. With such characteristics of style, so far re- 
 moved from all poetical coloring, it is the more surprising that 
 he should so often employ single words, which, by other Attic 
 writers, are used only in poetry. It would be injustice to 
 Xenophon to suppose that this frequent use of poetic words 
 arises from an effort to adorn his style ; since this would be as 
 tasteless and inept, as if one should seek to adorn a simple 
 garment with here and there a purple patch. It is much rather 
 to be explained on the ground of his protracted residence in 
 foreign lands, and his intercourse with Greeks of various tribes 
 
XVI INTRODUCTION. 
 
 and dialects, especially with the Lacedsemonians, among whom 
 Words, which were merely poetic with the Athenians, may have 
 been in common use ; and hence quite naturally adopted by 
 Xenophon from his ordinary language into his writings. On 
 account of this and some other peculiarities of style, the ancient 
 grammarians did not reckon Xenophon among the pure Atti- 
 cists. But the general estimate of his character as a writer, 
 is clearly shown by the appellation, Attic Muse, or Attic Bee 
 (names so often given him), and also by the judgment of Cicero 
 and of Quintilian.* 
 
 § 4. To attempt any thing like a general estimate of the 
 value and importance of Xenophon's entire works, would re- 
 quire too much space ; we cannot, however, in this introduction 
 to a historical work, neglect to present very briefly some of the 
 most important points relating to his character as a historian ; 
 and in this view not simply the Anabasis requires considera- 
 tion, but also especially the Hellenica. This work, although 
 of the highest value, and in certain parts admirable, is on the 
 whole the least finished of Xenophon's more extended writings, 
 being as it would seem not so much a finished work, as a rough 
 sketch, in which the author aimed less to present a full historic 
 development, than to set forth particular points of interest to 
 himself. *#;«**# 
 
 § 5. The Anabasis on the contrary, unquestionably the 
 most attractive of Xenophon's writings, resembles a landscape 
 in full sunlight. Every thing lies bright and open before our 
 eyes : nothing stands in the shade, so as to give greater prom- 
 inence to other objects : every thing appears in its proper 
 
 * Cic. Orat. § 32, {Xenophontis) sermo est ille quidem melle dulcior ; and 
 § 62. Xenophontis voce Musas quasi locutas ferunt. — Quintilian X, 1, 82. 
 'Quid ego comynemorem Xenophontis illam jucunditatem inaffectatam, sed 
 quam nulla consequi affectatio possit ? ut ipsae sermonem finxisse Gratiae 
 videantur, et, quod de Pericle veteris comaediae testimonium est, in hunc 
 transferri justissime possit, in labris ejus sedisse quandam persuadendi 
 deam. 
 
INTRODUCTION." XVII 
 
 stature and coloring : nothing is exaggerated, nothing is pre* 
 sented in too brilliant hues. The most remarkable events are 
 described with the same ease and freedom as the most common- 
 place. ***** Aside from these excellencies, the 
 Anabasis is important also on this account, because it presents 
 a new step in the historic art, in which the author writes the 
 history of his own deeds. This is at least the case from the 
 beginning of the third book, where Xenophon for the first time 
 becomes conspicuous. Furthermore, we have in this work the 
 most important information respecting the contemporary con- 
 dition of Greece, as well as of the Persian empire. The 
 knowledge of still other countries and nations was also very 
 greatly promoted by the Anabasis, since the author communi- 
 cates the most valuable information respecting regions which 
 till then were scarcely known by name, and which even at a 
 later period were not accurately described. Finally it is a 
 most important work for the study of the Grecian military 
 system. In every thing relating to this subject, the author 
 shows the highest intelligence. ****** Much, 
 however, especially in the beginning of the work, which the 
 reader would fain know, and which is of importance, as well 
 as much which is actually communicated, is passed over too 
 lightly; and hence, as a mere historical work, the Anabasis 
 cannot be compared with the great artistic productions of Thu- 
 cydides, Sallust and Tacitus. 
 
 §6. The author of the Anabasis always speaks as thouo-h. 
 he had not himself attended the march, but as though he had 
 received his information from another. Thus he says in 1, 8 
 6, AiyeTai; 1, 8, 18, Xeyovcn Se nves ; 1, 10, 1, iXeyovro: 5, 4, 
 34, eXeyov ot dTpaTcvcrajxcvoi. Only in the supposititious pas- 
 sage 7, 8, 25, do we find the first person iirrjXdofiw. For this 
 reason and also from the statement in Hellen. 3, 1, 2, where 
 the following passage occurs : l Os fxlv ovv Kvpos arpdrev/jid re 
 crwe'Xe^e kclI tovt ^x o)V ^ej3r] lirl rbv dSo\<£oV, kol d>s rj /xdxr} 
 ZyeveTO, real ws aTr£6avc 3 kcu ws Ik tovtov an ea uiO^dav ol "EAA^vcs 
 
XVIII INTRODUCTION. 
 
 e7rt $aA.aTTav, ®ejjLL(TToyiveL tw ^vpaKocrtip yeypa7rrat, some per« 
 sons have formerly denied that Xenophon was the author of 
 the Anabasis. In opposition to this view, we are to consider 
 the exact correspondence of the Anabasis with the other ac- 
 knowledged writings of Xenophon, not simply in language, hut 
 also in their entire spirit, — in religious views, in fondness for 
 military tactics, for horses and for the chase, as well as a great 
 variety of particulars which cannot he enumerated here. In 
 a word, the unprejudiced reader cannot entertain a doubt that 
 Xenophon only could have written in the way in which the 
 Anabasis is actually written.* Furthermore, the testimony 
 of antiquity is undivided that Xenophon was the author of the 
 Anabasis. How then are we to explain the fact that, in the 
 passage of the Hellenica above cited, Xenophon should refer 
 not to his own work, but to that of Themistogenes. It cannot 
 be said in reply that the Hellenica was written before the Ana- 
 basis, and on this account he was unable to refer to his own 
 work on this subject : for although it cannot with certainty be 
 determined in what year the Anabasis actually was written, 
 yet it is quite certain that it was completed earlier than the 
 Hellenica. The latter was not finished before Olymp. CV. 
 4= 357, B. C. (cf. §1, above) ; while the Anabasis must have 
 been written before the recovery of Scillus by the Eleans, that 
 is before Olymp. CII, 2 =371 B. C, otherwise some allusion 
 would doubtless have been made in 5, 3, to the loss of his es- 
 tate, f Doubtless the true key to the difficulty is furnished 
 by Plutarch, who says that Xenophon published the Anabasis 
 under the name of Themistogenes, to render it more credible. 
 
 * The investigation is carried out in a complete and exact manner in 
 the tract hy C. W. Kriiger, de authentia et integritate Anabaseos Xeno- 
 phonteac. Halis. Sax. 1824:. 
 
 f That the composition of the Anab. is to he dated at least 18 or 20 
 years after the return of Xenophon, appears evident, irrespective of other 
 indications,- from the fact that in describing his residence, at Scillus, 5, 3, 
 10, he speaks of sons that were already grown up, while in 7, 6, 34, he 
 implies that he still had no children. 
 
INTRODUCTION. XIX 
 
 (Mor. p. 345. e.). Perhaps also he wished to avoid giving 
 offence to certain Spartans of distinction, whose conduct he 
 does not approve of. cf. 7, 1, 2, & 7, 2, 6, where he speaks 
 of Anaxibius ; also 7, 2, 7 & 12, et seqq., where he speaks of 
 Aristarchus. 
 
 § 7. If we inquire after the sources whence Xenophon drew 
 the materials for the Anabasis, we shall find the first and most 
 important to have been his own personal recollections, or 
 rather his own journal: for it is necessary to assume the ex- 
 istence of such a journal as the foundation of the work, since 
 no memory would have been adequate to retain so many par- 
 ticulars, the geographical and statistical notices, especially the 
 many numerical statements and other things of the kind.* In 
 the present form of the work, we may imagine that the discur- 
 sive and irregular character of the original journal is still 
 perceptible. Whether Xenophon resorted to other sources of 
 information, can, with a single exception, neither be affirmed 
 nor denied. True, another account of the expedition by 
 Sophaenetus (without doubt the general of this name often 
 mentioned by Xenophon) , is said to have been written ; and 
 from this, the historian Ephorus, and from him again Diodo- 
 rus seem to have taken their representation. It is remarkable 
 that in the narrative of Sophaenetus, the name of Xenophon 
 first appears in connection with the difficulties in Thrace. 
 From a comparison of Diodorus with Xenophon, there is no 
 
 * This journal must certainly have contained the distances between the 
 places, or at least the number of marches and some indication whether 
 they were longer or shorter. (The number of parasangs is often too great, 
 as in 1, 2, 5, being given on the assumption that five is an ordinary day's 
 march.) This journal must have contained also some geographical no- 
 tices, the correctness of which has been generally confirmed by modern 
 researches. It cannot however have been very full, since mistakes occur 
 even near the beginning of the work (cf. note 1, 2, 23.) The journal 
 seems also to terminate on the arrival of the Greeks near the country of 
 the Carduchians. The march through Armenia and thence homeward, 
 is almost entirely described from memory. (Kiepert.) 
 
XX INTRODUCTION. 
 
 evidence that the latter had the work of Sophaenetus before 
 him. In a single passage (1, 8, 26), Xenophon refers to 
 Ctesias. This man, a Greek from Cnidus in Caria, resided a 
 long time at the Persian court as royal physician, and after 
 his return home in 399 B. C. wrote a work consisting of 
 twenty-three books, entitled HepcriKa, of which we now have 
 only the extracts in Photius and certain fragments. 
 
 § 8. The scene of the events described in the Anabasis is 
 for the most part the Persian empire. Darius II, the ninth 
 king since the founding of the empire by Cyrus, died in the 
 year 404 B. C. He was succeeded by his eldest son Arsakes, 
 under the name Artaxerxes (i. e. according to Herod, 6, 98, 
 fieyas aprjios, great ivarrior). His younger brother Cyrus 
 claimed however to be the rightful heir to the throne, because 
 Arsakes was born while Darius was still in private life, and 
 because he himself was the first-born after Darius became 
 king. Cyrus and his mother Parysatis (i. e. child of a Peri, 
 Fairy- child), by whom he was supported in his claims, were 
 able to appeal to the example of Xerxes, who was preferred to 
 his older brothers because they were born before their father 
 Darius Hystaspis ascended the throne. Well might Cyrus 
 with the consciousness of his right and of his own kingly qual- 
 ities, cherish the thought of gaining the ascendancy. This 
 thought first became a purpose, when Tissaphernes, satrap of 
 Caria, although he had been treated in a friendly manner by 
 Cyrus, accused him of plotting against the king, so that Cyrus 
 was apprehended, and was rescued from death only by the 
 entreaties of his mother. After this occurrence, immediately 
 on his return to Asia Minor, he commenced the preparations 
 for carrying his purpose into execution. He had been first 
 sent to Asia Minor by his father in the year 407 B. C. having 
 the rank of Karanos or commander in chief of all the royal 
 forces which were stationed between the river Halys and the 
 .ZEgean sea. While occupying this position, he had actively 
 supported the Spartans against the Athenians, perhaps with 
 
INTRODUCTION. XXI 
 
 the idea of securing the support of Sparta at some future day 
 in carrying out his own plans. Accordingly on his return to 
 Asia Minor, he commenced negotiations with the Lacedae- 
 monians (Hellen. 3, 1, 1,). With their customary prudence, 
 however, they were unwilling to engage in open hostilities 
 with Persia, and confined themselves to such secret assistance 
 as they were able to afford to Cyrus, permitting him to enlist 
 troops in Greece. He now took into his service various 
 Greek adventurers, who enlisted toops under different pre- 
 tences. The most important of these persons was Clearchus 
 the Spartan, who, on account of open opposition to the govern- 
 ment at home, had been condemned to death. It seems, how- 
 ever, that this reception of Clearchus was not an offence to 
 Sparta, for Cyrus would have been extremely careful on this 
 point; and that Clearchus even after his condemnation enjoyed 
 in some degree the confidence of the Spartan magistrates. (Cf. 
 Isoc. 8, 98, and 12, 104.). The number of Grecian mercenaries, 
 when Cyrus commenced his march, amounted to 14,000, a 
 small force compared with the myriads of soldiers under the 
 Persian king, but in view of their bravery and military skill, 
 a formidable enemy. The march commenced from Sardis in 
 the spring of 401 B. C. If we assume with Koch (der Zug 
 der Zehntausend S. 140) the 9th of March to have been the 
 day on which they set out, the battle of Cunaxa would fall on 
 the 3d of Sept. 401 B. C, and the arrival of the army in 
 Cotyora on the 3d of April, 400 B. C. It is probable that the 
 army was in Thrace with Seuthes in December, 400, and Jan- 
 uary, 399 B. C, and that the union of the forces with those 
 of Thibron at Pergamus took place in February, 399 B. C. 
 
I. 
 
• 
 
 I 
 
 
If 
 
 iw/iii ta i sfeiif 
 
 a 
 
ZEN0$nNT02 
 KYPOY AN AB A3 I 2 
 
 BOOK I. 
 
 Aapeiov teat llapvo-aTLOos jiyvovrai, 7ratoe? fo, 1 
 irpecrftvTepos fiev 'Apragepgrjs, vecbrepo? Be Kvpos. 
 iirel Be r)a6evei Aapelos teal virdiirreve reXevrr)v rov 
 £ftov, eflovXero rco iralBe dfKporepco irapelvai. o fiev 2 
 
 *w^ 
 
 o 
 
 ofo/ irpeo-fivrepos irapcov ervy)(ave • Kvpov\oe / :eT<z- Jfl 
 irepmerai airo T/)? apXVS* V? avrov craTpd'irriV iTroLrjae, 
 kcli crrpar7]<ybv Be avrbv direBei^e 7rdvTcov, bcrot, et9 
 KaarrcoXov vreBiov dQpoiCpvTai* dvafiaivei ovv o Kv- 
 009 \a{3a)V Ticrcra^epvrjv C09 (fruXov, teal tcov 'EXXrfvcov 
 Be e^cov 07rXtTa9 avejBrj rpia/cocrLOVs, apypvra Be avr&v 
 Beviav Uappdaiov. V eirel Be ireXevrrjcre AapeZos, /cal 3 
 *>UTec-T7) et'9 ttjv (3ao~iXeLav 'Apra^ep^rjs, Tiaaatyepvris 
 bca/3dXXeo rov Kvpov 7rpbs tov dBeXcpov, a>9 eVi/3ou-^r 
 Xeuot avrcp. 6 Be ireiOeral re teal avXXa/x^dvec Kvpov 
 &)? diroKrevcov' r) Be fM]T7)p i^aiT7]o~ajJLev7j avrbv diro- 
 7refjL7ret. irakiv eirl rr)v dpy/jv. v 0^ B ' a>9 diriiXOe klv- 4 
 Bvvevcras real dripLacrOeis, jSovXeverai, 07nw9 pbrjirore en 
 ecrrai, eirl tg> dBeXcfxp, dXX\ r)v Bvvrjrai, (3acrCXevcrei, 
 avr eiceivov. TIapvo~ari<; puev Br) r) fiyrrjp virr\pye tS 
 Kvpcp, (piXovcra avrbv fidXXov r) rov f3ao-iXevovra Ap- 
 raPeptjrjv. ['octtls S' dfyitcvelrd toiv irapd /3acriXeco<; 5 
 7rpo9 avrbv, rrdvras ovtod BicniOels direTze^ireTo, ware 
 
 1 
 
imwms til nifi iv rai in raniiii 111111,1? kiwiit. 
 
 D.Appletan &. C°. . IWfork . 
 
xeintophon's anabasis. 
 
 avrco fiaXXov tpiXovs elvav ?} /SacriXel. /ecu rcov Trap 
 eavrco Be /3ap/3dpcov eirepLeXelro &>9 TroXefielv re i/cavol 
 8 eXiqcrav zeal evvoltccos e^ocev avrco. Vttjv Be ^EXXrjvtfC^v 
 Bvva/iiv rfipoi^ev 009 fidXccrra eBvvaro i7rLKpV7rr6p,evos, 
 oVa)? qti dirapacrfcevorarov Xdj3oi /3aacXea. coBe ovv 
 irroielro ryv crvXXoy7]v. ■ oirocra^ el%e cpvXaxds iv ra2<$ 
 rroXecn, rraprjyyeiXe to £9 cppovpap^ois i/cdo-rots Xap,{3d- 
 veiv avBpas UeXo7rovvi]criovs ore TrXelcrTovs /cat (3eXrl- 
 crrovs, ch<z iTrijSovXevovros Taraatyepvovs reus TroXecn. 
 koX yap rjGCiv al 'Iavifcal rroXei^ Ticrcrac^epvovs to 
 dpyaiov, isc {SacriXicos BeBopuevai, rore o' dcpecmjfcecTav 
 
 7 ttioo? Kvpov iracrai 7rXrjv MiXyrov. iv M.tX^rco ve 
 Ti<7<Ta(fiepv7]<; rrpoavcrOojjbevo^ rd avrd ravra fiovXevo- 
 piivovs, dirocrrr\vai rrphs Kvpov, tov$ phs avrcov dire- 
 Kretve, rovs S' i^efiaXev. 6 Be Kvpos vrroXajBcov rov 
 cpevyovras, crvXXe^as arpdrevfia iiroXiopKeb jS'IiXrjrov 
 koI Kara yr\v koX Kara QdXarrav, Kal iireipdro fcard- 
 yew row? iKTreirrcoKora^.s/ Kal avrrj av aXXrj irp6 r ba~ q 
 
 8 rjv avrco rod dOpoi^eiv crrpdrev/ia. 77-/309 Be fiacre 
 ireparcov rfe'iov dBeXcpbs cov avrov BoOrjvao ol ravra? rL 
 7roXei9 /xciXXov rj TccrcracpepvTjv dp^eiv avrcov, teal % 
 fjirjT7]p crvveirparrev avrco ravra' ware {BacriXev? r,)< 
 fiev irpos eavrbv iiTLJB.ovXrj? ovk jjcrOdvero, Ticrcratj>e.pve. 
 
 \Be ivofu^e iroXeaovvra avrov dp,cf>l rc\ crrparcSfiaf^ 
 Bairavdv cocrre ovoev rj^Oero avrcov iroXe/JLovvrcov. xai 
 yap 6 Kvpc ; direire/j/n-e rov? yiyvopevovs Bacr/iov? pj.7i~ 
 Xel ex '. ujv iroXecov cov Ticrcrac^epVT]? irvyyavev eylov, 
 
 9 dXXo Be err par ev pea avrco avveXeyero iv Xeppov)] ~cp 
 rr\ Karavrarepa? 'AfivBov rovBe roi > rpo7rov.\' ' KXeap^/o*; 
 AarceBaifiovios (fivyas rjv rovrco avyyevopLevos o Kztpo? 
 rjydaOrj re avrov koX BlBcoctlv avrco {.ivpiovs Baoeucov?. 
 
 ' 6 Be XajBcov to %pvaLOV arpdrevjia avveXe^ev drro tov- 
 tcov riov ^prjjjbdrcov, teal i7r0Xep.ee itc X.eppovi)crov op/ico- 
 /u,ez/09 TOt9 Opa^l T0Z9 vrrep ' EXX^ctttovtov olkovcti, hzai 
 
/ \ 1/ 
 BOOK I. CHAP. I. II. 3 
 
 w(f>e\ei tovs r, EXXr]vas • cocrre /cat yjpr}\iaTa avvefldX- 
 Xovto avTco els ri)V rpoipyv tcov arparccorMV ai 'EXXrj- 
 (jirovTiaKoX iroXeis efcovacu. tovto S' av ovtco Tpecpo- 
 p*evov eXdvdavev avTco to crTpdTev\xa. YAplcTTLTnros Be 10 
 6 QeTTaXbs %ivos cov eTvyyavev avTco, /cat irie'Cpix^vos 
 
 V7TO TCOV OLfCOC CW1 ICT1 CbG ICOl COV epyeTat 7T/30? TOV KvpOV, 
 
 kcll alrel avrov els Bict^lXlovs ^evovs /cal Tpicov /.t^vcov 
 
 fliUUOV, COS OVTCO 7T€pLyeV0/jL6V0^ aV TCOV aVTCCTTaaLCOTCOV. 
 
 6 Be Kvpos BlBcocrtv auTco eh TeTpa/ao~%iXiovs /cal e£ 
 jvcbv paaOov, teal BeiTau avTov fjbr] rrpoadev /caTaXvcrat 
 S t7>vs avTLGTaaicoTas jrplv civ avTco crvfifiovXevcrii- 
 tcll. ovtco Be" av to iv QeTTaXia eXdvOavev &ut£ 
 Tpecf)6/jLevov c7TpdT*evfia.'* : IIp6^evov Be tov BguotlovAI 
 g^&iLojna djpTco" etceXevcre XafiovTCL civBpas ot^ttXc'l- 
 crrovs Trapayeyeauai, o)£ els IIj.ctlB&ls fiuvkofievos ciTpa- 
 TQjecrOat,' cb$ irpdy/iaTa irapeyovTcov tcov UlctlBcov tjj 
 eavTov y&pq. XofyalvsTov Be tov ^tvjjLcJxiXiov koX 
 ^cofcpaTrjv tov * Ayaiov, %evovs ovTas ical tovtovs, e/ci- 
 Xevcrev avBpas Xaj3bvTas eXOelv oti irXeiGTOvs, cos 
 iroXejJL-qcTcov Ttcrcracfrepvec crvv tols cfyvydari tcov MlXtj- 
 
 ct'lcov. real iiroiovv ovtcos ovtol. 
 
 "Eirel £' eB6/cei ijSr) nropeveaOai avTco avco, Ti]V fxev 2 
 nrpocfyacTLV eiroielTO cos UialBas fiovXo/jLevos eic/SaXetv 
 TravTairaaiv e/c ttjs r )(copas'< teal aOpoi^ei cos iirl tov- 
 to vs to Te (3apj3apacov /cal to 'EXXrjvi/cbv evTavOa 
 .<TTpuT€v/JLa m '*' teal TrapayyeXXei tco Te KXedp^co XajBovTi 
 rj/ceiv ocrov rjv avTco CTTpaTevfiai kg! tco ^ ApiGTVTTitco 
 GvvdKXaykvTi irpbs tovs oXkol otto /re/i'^rai Trpbs eavTov 
 b el%e cTTpaTevfia, /cal aevta tco ^ApicdBi, o? aurc3 
 irpoecTTrjiceL tqu ev Tals iroXeorL ^evtKov, nqtceiv irapay- 
 yeKkei XajSovTa tgvs avdpas TrXrjv ottoctol i/cavol rjcrav 
 Tas dtcpoiroXeis cpvXaTTet:-. . e/cdXecre Be /cal tovs 2 
 Mlat]tov TroXiop/covvTaSy teal tovs cf)vydBas e/ceXevae 
 crvv avTco crTpaTevecrQai, virocryoiievos avTols, el icaXcos 
 
xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 Karairpd^eiev icf) a icrrparevero, firj irpoorOev Travcra- 
 aOai, irplv avTovs fcaraydyoi ot/cahe. st_ ol he rjhecos eirei- 
 Oovto • eirlarevov yap avrS • /cai \a(B6vTes rd oifka 
 
 3 TTaprjcrav els Xdpheis. aevlas fiev Srj tovs etc tcov 
 iroXecov Xa/3cov irapeyevero els Xdpheis, oirXiTas 'els 
 TeTpaKio~%iXiovs ' Tlpo^evos he iraprjv e%cov ottXltcis 
 uev els Trevra/cocTLovs fcal %iXiovs, yvjJLvrjTas he irevra- 
 /eocrlovs, 2o(fiaLveTos he 6 ^TvpufidXios oifklras e^cov 
 ^iXlovs, XcoKparrfs he 6 * Ayaibs ottXitcls e^cDV cos irev- 
 Tcueocrlovs, JJacricov he 6 Meyapevs Tpia/eocriovs piev 
 oirXlras, TpiQteoo-iovs he Tre^racrTas <££u>v Ta'/f^yevero"* 
 ^ 0*!= *k$i\ ovr-qs.ical 6 Xwtcpdrris tgjtT d/jLcfu MiX^tov - 
 
 g^TpaTevd/jLevcDV. *. ovtol /lev els Xdpheis clvtS dcfriteowo. 
 TLjFo-dtfbepyris he Kq/ravoqaa^ rcfefa, Jfa^ p^l^ovq^ &£7<fei- 
 fievos eivah, 'rj offxiffiinj&thqf tv\v .7r x apacr/eevr)V, iropev- 
 erai a>s /3acriXea y ihvvaro rd^cara, iTrireas e)(0vo.)s 
 
 5 irevTCueocriovs. zeal j3aaiXevs fiev hrj, eirel rjKovae irapd 
 Ttcrcra<f)epvovs tov Kvpov cttoXov, dvTiirapeo-icevd^eTO. 
 
 Kvpos he eyjAV ovs eiprj/ca cop/xdro diro ^dphecov 
 zeal i^eXavvei hid rrjs Avhias araO/xovs rpels, irapa- 
 adyyas etzeocri zeal hvo, eTrl tov Maiavhpov ttotcl/jlov, 
 tovtov to evpos hvo irXeOpa' yefyvpa he eirr\v eCpvyfievr) 
 
 6 ttXolois eirrd. tovtov hiafids i^eXavvei hid ^pvylus 
 GTaOjJbbv eva, irapacrdyyas 6/ctco, els KoXocrads, itoXiv 
 olzeovfievrjv, evhalfiova zeal fieydXrjv. evTavOa efieivev 
 rjfiepas eirTa % zeal r)iee Mevcov 6 OeTTaXos, oirXiTas 
 e^cov %i\iovs zeal 7reXTaaTas TrevTaicoalovs, AoXoiras 
 
 7 zeal Alvidvas zeal 'OXvvOiovs. ivTevdev i^eXavvei cfto,- 
 Ofiovs Tpels, Trapaadyyas ecteocriv, els KeXaivds, tt)s 
 tfrpvylas ttoXiv ol/eov/jbevr)v, p,eydXr)v zeal evhal/xova. | 
 evTavOa Kvpa> (Bacrikeia rjv zeal irapdheiaos /xeyas, 
 dyplcov Q-qpicov ifkrjprjs, a e/eeivos iO/]pevev diro Ittttov, 
 OTTOTe yvfJbvdaai (3ov\oito eavTov re /cat tovs lttttovs* 
 hid fiearov he tov irapaheiaov pel 6 Matavhpos "jroTajios ' 
 
BOOK I. C1IA 
 
 
 at Be 7T7]yal avrov elaiv etc twv /jacriXeLoiv' pel Be teal 
 Bid ti)s KeXacvcov TroXewsY.ecrTL Be teal fxeydXov fiacri- 8 
 Xeo)? (SaaiXeia ev KeXatvah epv/xvd eVl rah nrrjyah 
 rod Mapavov ttotcljaov iiirb rf} dtcpoirbXeb' pel oe teal 
 ovtos Bid rrjs 7r6Xea>? teal e/x/3dXXet eh rbv MaiavBpov 
 rod Be Mapavov to evpbs ianv elicoai teal irevre iro- 
 Bcov. evravda Xeyerau 'AttoXXcdv e/eBelpao Mapavav, 
 vcteijaas epitpvTti oi irepl ao<fiia<$, teal to Bep/xa tepejxd- 
 aai ev rc3 avrpep, oQev al trrjyai' Bid Be tovto 6 irora- 
 yito? teaXelrao Mapavas. evravOa &ep%r)<;, ore Ik rrjs 9 
 'EXXdBos rjrrr]6eh rfj fxa^y direyd>pei, Xeyerao olieo- 
 3o/xTjaac ravrd re tcl /3aal\eta koX ttjv KeXaivcov 
 iKpbiroXtv. evravOa e/xecve Kvpos 7]/xepas rptdieovra' 
 4x1 rjfce' KXeap^os 6 AatceBacjxbvios, (f)vyd<z, eywv 
 '^rXcras yihiovs ical TreXraaras Qpa/cas bieraieoaiovs 
 Kj|l ro^ora? Kprjra? Biatcoalovs. d/xa Be ical Xoialas 
 vapr\v 6 Xvpaicocrios eywv birXiras Tpia/coalovs teal 
 XofyaiveTOS 6 'Ap/cds ey&v birXuras yikiovs* ' teal ev- 
 ravda Kvpos e^eraaiv teal dpiOiibv rebv 'EXXrjvoov 
 eTToirjcrev ev rco TrapaBeiaco, icaX iyevovro ol avjxTravres 
 OTrXlrai uev /xvpioi, zeal %lXioi, ireXraaral Be d/xcf)l 
 tou? BLO")£tXiov<z. V evT^evOev e^eXavvei araO/xovs Bvo, 10 
 7rapaadyyas Be/ea, els UeXras, ttoXiv ol/cov/xevrjv. ev- 
 ravd' e/xeivev rj/xipas t pels' ev ah 'Bevlas b ' Aptcds 
 rd Avtcaia eOvae teal dycova Wr\tce % rd Be dOXa rjaav 
 arXeyyiBes %pvaal' ideSpec Be rbv dycova teal Kvpo<; K 
 ivrevdev e^eXavvec arad/xovs Bvo, irapaadyyas BcbBetca, 
 eh Kepa/xcov dyoposv, iroXw ol/cov/xevrjv, eaywrr)v irpbs 
 rfj Mvala X®P a> ivrevdev e^eXavvec araO/xovs rpeh, 11 
 nrapacrayyas rpcaKovra, et? Kavcrrpov irebiov, ttoXlv 
 olfcovLLevrjv. evravQ^ e/xetvev rj/xepa? irevre' ical rot? 
 o~TpariCL>rai<; axpeiXero jxicruos irXeov fj rptcov firjvcov, 
 %i 7roXXaKi<; lovres e7rl rds Qvpas dirrjTOW. b Be eX- 
 .Bas Xe^ojz^ Btrjye teal BrjXos rjv dvtcb/xevo? • ov yap rjv 
 
 t 
 
6 XENOPHOIsrS ANABASIS. 
 
 12 7TyOO? TOU KvpOV TpOTTOV e^OVTd [AT] airOOLOOVai. 6VTCLVUCI 
 
 d<pifCV£LTaL ^Enrva^a rj Xvevveaios yvvrj tov KiXikcov 
 (BacrCkicDS irapa Kvpov fcal eXeyero Kvpcp Sovvai 
 yjpr\lxa,TCL iroKXa. rf] h ' ovv ' arpaTca rare direhco/ce 
 Kvpos fJLi<j6ov T6Trdpa)V firjvcov. elye he rj Ktkccraa /ecu 
 <fiv\afcas irepl ai)Ti]V Ki\t,/ca$ /cal 'AcnrevStovs • eXeyero 
 
 13 Se /cal avyyevecrOai Kvpov rf] Ktklcrcrrj. evTevOev he 
 itjeXavvet, crTaOpLovs hvo, Trapacdyya^ heica, eh Gvp>- 
 fipiov, ttoXcv GLfcovfievrjv evTavQa rjv irapa ttjv ohbv 
 Kpr\vr\ 7] Mlhov icaXovfievr) tov @pvyoov (Sao-ikecos, e<£' 
 y \eyeTai Mlhas tov ^drvpov Qrjpevcrai, oivtp /cepdcras 
 
 \^ai)TV)V. evrevGev e^ekavvei craOpLOvs hvo, irapacrdy- 
 
 )9a 
 
 r Q>t ' 
 l7j.fs.kh.vpov eirioei^ai to o~TpaTevfia avTrj. pov\opievo<; ovv v 
 eirthel^ai ePeTao-iv iroiel/rai iv tS Trehla) twv ^EXAijvcov 
 
 15 /cal Tcov^BapBdpcov. i/ceAevcre he tovs "EWrjvas, &>? 
 vopios clvtois ei? pia^v, ovtco Ta-^ur^vai /cav aTijvai,, 
 GWTa^ai he eicacrTGV tov<$ eavTov. ■ eTayQ^aav ovv cut 
 T£TTdpa)V. elye he to puev he^cbv Mivcov /cal ol avv 
 clvtS, to he evwvvpLov K\iap%o$ /cal ol eicelvov, to he 
 
 16 /.ieaov ol aXKoi gt parity oL. iOecopet ovv 6 Kvpo$ 7rpa>- 
 tov p,ev tovs j3apj3dpov<i' ol he nraprfkavvov TSTayijuevoi 
 
 tl/lti-.trffaK* 1 ™ *^? KCLi xa™ Tafjew elra he rou? f/ jE\? vc? 
 wapeXavvcov i(j> appwro^ /cal rj KCkicrca e<j) c 
 fid'grjs. elyov he nrdvTes xpdvi] %a\?ca /cal yii 
 (fioivi/covs /cal /cv7){iLha$ kcu tcls dairiha? e/c/cexa 
 
 17 fiivasy eTrechr] heiravTa^ iraprfXacre, crT^aa f ; to 
 irpb ttjs <pd\ayyo$, Tre/A^a? UiyprjTa tov epp 
 Trapa tol-? crTpaTijyov^ T(ov ^EXktfvcov eKekevos 
 fiaXicrdaL to, oifAa /cal erriyjDprjcrai oXtjv tt]V <pd^ 
 ol he TavTa irpoelrrov Toh crTpaTiwTais' /cal eVtl e 
 iny^e, TrpofiaKkopLevoL tcl oifXa eirrjeaav. i/c he • 
 
 TOV &CLTTOV TTpOlOVTCOV CTVV Kpavyfj d'Ti'O TOV UVTOjA: : 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. II. 
 
 opo/jLO? eyeveTO tol<? GTpaTiooTais eiri Ta? cr/er)va<;, 
 tow Be fiapftdpoov <£6/3o9 '7roXv<; zeal aXXocs zeal 7/ re 18 
 KlXicraa etpuyev eze rf)<r dpfia/md^r]^ zeal ol eze t?;? dyo- 
 pa<s fcqTa\i7r6vT€S Tci oovia " eipvyov • ot oe "EXXrjves 
 avv yeXooTi eirl ra? atcrjvas rfxOov. r\ Se KlXtaaa 
 ISovcra ttjv XapbirpoTrjTa zeal tt)v tcl^lv tov arpareu- 
 IACLT05 iOavfzacre. Kvpos Se 7]o~Qr\ tov eze tgov ^EXXyjvoov 
 eh tou? fiapftdpovs (jo6/3ov lSoov.*%evTevQev itjeXavvei 19 
 (TTaOfiov^ Tpeh, Trapaadyyas elzeocriv, eh 'Izeoviov, tt}? 
 $pvy{a<; ttoXlv io-^dr^v. ivravOa efxetve Tpeh rjfiepas. 
 evrevOev e^eXavveo Sid tt}? Avzeaovta<; orraOfJuov^ irivre, 
 irapacrdyyas rpcd/covTa. tclvttjv ti)v ^oopav GTrerpe-dre 
 Siapirdcrdi Toh "EXXtjctlv a)'? nroXefiiav ovcrav. ■/ivrev- 20 
 Qev Kvpos ttjv KlXiaaav eh ttjv KcXc/elav diroTrepLTrei 
 ttjv tafycrrrji' 686v, zeal avveTrepL-^rev avrfj crrpaTLcora^ 
 oD? Mevoov el^e /cal avTOV. Kvpos Se fierd tgov aXXoov 
 e^eXavvet Sea KaiTTraSozeta^ <TTaQ pLovs TeTTapas, irapa- 
 adyyas eizeoari, zeal irevTe, irpo^ AdifaVyiroKzv olzeovfievrjv, 
 fMeyd\7]v zeal evSaifiova.V evTavda epieivav rjfiepa^ Tpeh* 
 ev go Kvpos dire/CTeivev dvSpa Ueparjv Meya(j)epvr]v, 
 (poiVLKUTT'rjV /3ao~lXeiov, zeal eTepov Tiva tgov virdpyoov 
 Suvdo-Tijv, alTiacrdfievos eTTifiovXeveiv avTco. evTevQev 21 
 eireipGOVTO elo-/3dXXetv eh rip KcXc/elav' rj Se elcrBpXy 
 tjv oooi a<ia^LTO<^ opuia LO-^vpco^ zeav aai^avos eicrehneiv 
 crTpaTevfiaTi, el' Tts ezecbXvev. eXiyero Be zeal $vevvecrt$ 
 elvai eirl tgov d/epcov <J)vXdTTCov T7]V t ^a t Bo\ / ^v Si,' o 
 
 o / 
 
 n O 
 
 efietvev 7)p^epav ev too Treated, ttj o vaTepaia i-j/eev ay- 
 ye\os \eyuov, otl XekotTroos eh] ^vevveacs tc\ cizepa, 
 iirel ijaQeTO, otl to Mevoovo? crTpdTev/j,a rjSrj ev Kc\o 
 Kia rjv elaoo tgov opeoov, zeal otl TpLijpeis rjieove irepi- 
 TrXeovaa^ air 'loovcas eh KCkiieiav Tafioov e^ovTa Ta? 
 AazeeBai\xovioov zeal avTOV Kvpov. V Kvpos S' ovv dveftr) 22 
 eirl tcl oprj ovBevas kgoXvgvtos, zeal jelSe ra? o-/er)vd<?, 
 ov ol KlXuees ecf)v\aTTOv. evTevQev Se zeaTe/3acvev eh 
 
8 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 nreBiov juuiya /ecu KaXbv, eirlppyrov, Kai BevBpcov iravTO* 
 Bairooy orvuTrXecov zeal ajxirekoov. iroXv Be Kai crrjaa/jbov 
 kcli /JeXii>7]v Kai fcey^pov Kai irvpovs /cat, Kpiuas (pepei. 
 opos 8' avrb irepie^ei byypbv Kai v^tjXbv iravrrj i/c 
 
 23 QaXdrTrjs els ^dXarrav.^ Kara/3as Be Sea tovtov tou 
 TreBlov rjXacre crraOpiovs rerrapas, irapaadyyas irevre 
 /cal eUoGiv, els Tapcrovs, rrjs KiXiKias ttoXiv fieydXrjv 
 Kai evBalpiova. ev^OvOa rjaav ra ^Ivevvecnos (Baaikeia 
 rod KiXiKcov fiacriXeoos • Bid aecrijs Be rrjs vroXeoos pel 
 
 24 irorajjibs KvBvos ovo)xa) evpos Bvo irXedpcov. ravrrjv 
 ttjv irbXiv e^ekiirov ol evoiKovvres pberd Xvevveaios eh 
 ycopiov oyypbv eirl tcl oprj 7tXtjv ol ra KairrjkeZa eypv- 
 res' epieivav Be /cal ol irapd tijv QaXarrav oIkovvtcs 
 
 25 ev XbXois Kai ev 'Icraois. \ ^Eirva^a Be rj Xvevveaios 
 yvvrj irporepa Kvpov irevre 7]ybepas els Tapcrovs dc\>i- 
 tcero. ev Be rfj virepfioXfi toov opoov toov els to TreSiov 
 Bvo Xoyol rod Mevoovos crTpaTev/xaTos dircoXovTO' ol 
 fiev e<pacrav apiratpvrds ti KaraKOTrrjvai V7rb toov KiXl- 
 kcov, 01 Be v7roXei(j>0evTas, Kai ov Bwajxevovs evpelv 
 to aXXo arpaTev/xa ovBe tcls oBovs elTa TrXavoopievovs 
 
 26 aTroXeaOai' r)crav 8' ovv ovtoi eKaTov OTrXirai. ol 8' 
 aXXoi eirel tJkov, rrjv Te ttoXlv tovs Tapcrovs Birjpira- 
 crav, Bid rbv oXeOpov toov avarpanooroiv bpyi'CpyLevoi, 
 Kai tcl /3acriXeia rd ev avrfj. Kvpos Be eVet elarj- 
 Xacrev eis ttjv ttoXiv fiereTrefiireTO tov Avevvecriv irpos 
 eavrov 6 cT ovre irporepov ovBevi irco KpeiTTOvi eavrov 
 els yelpas eXOelv e'^77 ovre Tore Kvpco levai rjOeXe, 
 
 27 irplv 7] ryvvrj avrbv eireiae Kai iricrTeis eka(3e. j^era 
 Be ravra iirel avveyevovro dXXtfXocs, Xvevveais pev 
 eSooKe Kvpco %prjp,ara 7roXXa els ttjv arparidv, Kvpos 
 Be eKelvco Bcopa, it vo/Jbl^erai, irapd (3aaiXel rl/xia, ltt- 
 ttov ypvcroyaXivov Kai arpeTrrbv yjpvaovv Kai ^rekia 
 Kai aKivaKTjv ypvaovv Kai o~toXtjv TlepcriKiqv, Kai ttjv 
 yd>pav fiTjKerL dpird^eaOai, rd Be r)p7rao~fieva dvBpd- 
 7ro8a, Tjv rrov €VTvyx < ^ V0)<7l ' v > diroXapufidveiv* 
 
 A v 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. III. 9 
 
 'Evravda euetve Kvpo? koX rj crrpana nuepa? el'/co- 3 
 
 r V**. « , v, ,VVWV via* 
 
 <tw ot 7»p crrpaTicoTat, ovtc ecpaaav xevai rov tt pocrco • v 
 
 VTrdoTrrevov yap i)hr) eirl (Bao~iXea lev aft,' fiiaOwOyjvat he 
 
 ov/c eirl tovto) e<paaav. irp&rov he KXeapyos tovs 
 
 avrov aTpaTicoTas eftcd^eTO lev at • ol he avTOV re e/3aX- 
 
 Xov ical ra viro^vyta ra e/ceivov, eirel rjp^aro irpolevdi' 
 
 RXkapyos he Tore fiev fiitcpov e%e<f>vye to ar) Kara- 2 
 
 ireTpcodrjvaL' varepov h\ eirel eyvco, ore ov hwrjaeTat, 
 
 j3cdcraa6aL } avvr]yayev e/c/cXrjcriav rebv avrov arparco)- 
 
 rcov teal irp&TOV fiev ihd/cpve iroXvv yjpbvov ecrrco?* 
 
 ol he opcovres eQavfia'Cpv ical eormirwv elra eXetje 
 
 roidhe.s, ■ "Avhpes o-Tpartcorai, fir) Savfid^ere, ore %&Ae- 3 
 
 7TW? (pepco tols irapovat irpdyfiaatv. ifibl jap Kvpo? 
 
 £ei>o? iyevero, icai fie (frevyovra etc t% irarpiho^ rd re 
 
 ciXXa eri/irjcre ical ftvpiovs ehcoice hapet/covs' o£>9 iyeb 
 
 Xafiobv ov/c eh to chcov tcaTedefirjv ifioi, dXX* ovhe fca6rj- 
 
 hv7rd6r)cra, dXX* eh v/nas ihavrdveov. koX nrpoifqv fiev 4 
 
 c7rl rou9 Opaicas eiroXefirjcra ical virep tt}9 *EXXdho<? 
 
 eTLficopovfir)v fie6' *vficbv } etc tj/9 Xeppovijcrov avTovs 
 
 i^eXavvcov /3ovXo/ie'vov<; dfyaipelcrQai tgvs evoacovvTas 
 
 "EXXrivas Tr)v yrjv. iTrechr) he Kvpos iicdXec, Xaficbv 
 
 vfias eTTbpevofirjV, tva, el tl heoiTo, oxpeXoLrjv avTov 
 
 avu (ov ev enrauov vir eiceivov. eirei be vfiets ov pov- 5 
 
 XecrOe avfiiropeveaOat, dvdyicr) hij fioi rj vfia? irpohovTa 
 
 tt) Kvpov (fuXla ^pr)a6at r) 7rpbs eiceZvov ^revadfievov 
 
 fieO* vficov levai. el fiev hrj hi/caia 7roir)aco ov/c olha, 
 
 alpr]aofiai h ' ovv v/ias, ical crvv vfilv 6, ti av her) 7%ei- 
 
 crofiac.y zeal oviroTe epel obhels, C09 ejd) "EXXrjvas dya- 
 
 ycbv 669 TOU9 fiapfidpovs 7r.pohov<; tou9 f EXXrjvas Tr)v 
 
 tcov f3ap{3dpcov (ptXiav elXofirjv, dXX' eirel vfiels ifiol 6 
 
 ov QeXeTe ireiQeaQai ovhe eireaOai, eyoo crvv vfiiv etyo- 
 
 fiai zeal 0, to av hey irelaofiai. vofii%u> yap vficis ifiol 
 
 elvai fcal iraTpiha real (buXovs zeal o~vujidyov<;,jcal crvv 
 
 vfiiv fiev av oifiai eivai timcj, ottov av (o, viicov oe 
 
 fS 1 ^ lift 
 
10 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 epr]}jj6<; cop ov/c dp Ifcavb? elvat olfiau ovt dp (plXov 
 oocpeXrjo-at ovt av eyQpbv dXk^aadai. co? ifiov ovv 
 
 lOPTO™ QTTOL CLV KCU Vfiel$, OVTCD TTjP yPQ)fi7]P 6^6Tc. 
 
 7 ravra elrrep' ol he arpario^rab, o% re avrov i/ceivov 
 teal ol aXXoi, ravra atcovcravre^, on ov (pair) irapa 
 fiacnXka iropeveaQai, eirrjveaav irapa he Ifreviov /cal 
 UacrlcovoQ irXecov^ rj Sicr^tXioo Xaj36pre$ ra oirXa /cal 
 rd c/cevo^opa iarparoTrehevo-apro irapa KXedp^cp. 
 
 8 Kvpcs he rovrois airopcbv re teal Xvirovfiepos fiereirefi- 
 7T€to top KXkap^op ' 6 Be Ikvai fiep ovk, tfOeXe, XdOpa 
 he tcov arpancorcbp 7rkfurcop avTcp dyyeXop eXeye Qap- 
 peiv, co? /caracrTycroiikpcop tovtcop ei? to heop' fiera- 
 rrkfiireaQai S' i/cekevgv .avrov avrbs £' oli/c ecpr} Ikvai. 
 
 9 jjuera he ravra avvayaycbp rov$ $■' eavrov arpariodro^ 
 /cal toi)? 7rpoo-e\86vras avrS /cal roov aXXcov top /3ov- 
 Xofievov eXefje roidhe. "Avhpes crrpari&rai, ra fiev hy 
 Kvpov htjXov on ] ovrcos ^X eb 7r ,°o? ^a? . coenrep ra 
 TjjjLerepa irpbs i/ceivov « ovre jap rjfiecs i/ceivov eri arpa- 
 rithrai, iiret ye ov avpeirofieOa, avwa, ovre i/celvo? en, 
 
 10 7]iitv fiiaBohorrfi. ore fikvroi dhuceicrQai vofii^ei i>(j> 
 7}pLcop olSa' $o-re jcal fieraf7refi7TOfikpov avrov ov/c i6k~X$» 
 iXOelv, rb puev fieyiarov, alcrj/vvofievo?, on avvoiha 
 i/xavrcp Trdvra i^jrevcrfikvos avrov; eireira /cal hehtebs 
 fir) XafScop fie hi/crjv imQfj &>p vofiiQei vir ifiov tjSi/c?)- 
 
 11 o~6ai. / ijiol ovv ho/cel ov% iopa elvai tjjxcp /caOevhetv 
 ovS* dpueXeiv rjfiojp avrwp, dXXd ftovXeve&Qai 6, n yjprf 
 Ttyieip i/c rovrcov. /cal ecog re fikvofiev avrov, (j/ceirriov 
 [lot- ho/cel elpat, oVw? cLcr^aXecrrara fiepovaep, el re 
 r.drj So/cel drrikpai, ottcds do~<paXkarara airipkv, /cal 
 ottcos ra eirVTTjoeta e^o/xev dvev yap tovtcdp ovre 
 
 12 crrparrjyov ovre IScoorov 8(peXG<; ovBip. 6 5' dprjp 
 7roXXov fiep d^ios <biXo<$ S ap <f)lXo$ f}, %aXe7rd>raro<; 
 h e^Opb^ 3 av TroXkfico? fj. e^eo Se hvvafiip /cal rretyjv 
 /cal 17T1T i/cr)v /cab vavn/crjv, r)p irdpres 6p,oiG)? opoj/ikp re 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. III. 11 
 
 • Kal eirtardfJueOa' /cat yap ovBe iroppco: BoKovjiev p,oi 
 avrov Ka6?i<jQai • coare copa Xeyecv 6, ri rt? yLyvcoa/ceo 
 apivTov eXvai. ravra eliroov eiravaaro. ex Be rovrov 13 
 dvccrravro fit <jjlIv ex rod avrojxdrov, Xe^oyre? a iycyvcD- 
 cricov, ol Be xal vir i/celvou eyxeXevaroi, eircBecxvvvres, 
 cia eoij r) diropla dvev rrjs Kvpov yvGQ/Arjs Kal pueveiv 
 Kal diuevai. }C els Be Bt) elire, Trpoaproiov/uLevos airevBeiv 14 
 a)? rdyitrra rropeveaOat et9, rr)v 'EXXaBa, arparrjyovs 
 fjiev eXeaOau aXXovs co? rdyiara, el fir} (3ovXerat 
 KXeap^os dirdyecv^ ra S' eTTLTifieia dyopd^ecrOac r) 
 B dyopd tjv ev tco /3ap/3apcx(p crrparevfjuari' Kal crv- 
 crxevd^eaOac eXOovras Be Kvpov alrelv irXola, &>9 
 aTTOTTXeoiev edv he fir) BiBcp ravra, yrfe/iova alrelv 
 Kvpov, ocrris Bid cptXca^ T?}? ycopa? arrd^ei' edv Be 
 firjBe r/ye/xova BcBS, avvrdrreaOai rrjv rayjucrnqv, irifi- 
 yjrao Be Kal TrpoxaraXr ! 'tyofievov<; rd dxpa, 07ra)9 fir) 
 <fi9d<TQ)crc firjre Kvpo$ fir]re ol KiXixes KaraXa(36vres, 
 cov ttoXXovs Kal TroXXa y^piqfiara eypfiev dvrjprraxores. 
 outo9 fiev Brj rotavra elrre' aerd Be rovrov KXeap^os 
 elire roaoyrov.^ JiV [lev ar parity ))aovr a ifie ravryv 15 
 frjv crrparrfyiav p,r)Bels v/itov 2 v f7€ Tft) ' 7roXXdfydp evo- 
 
 ortffi-5 
 Kal dpyecrQai e*irio-ra'\iai 009 ris Kal ciXXo? fidXiara 
 dvdpco7TQ)V.Vfierd rovrov aXXos avea.rrj, eTriBeixvv? fiev is 
 rrjv euqBhiav rod ra rrXola aJreiv xeXevovros, wcnrep 
 rraXtv rpv crroXov Kvpov fi7] 7rd(,ob{ievov, eircBeLfcvvs 
 Be co? ev-qOes ecrj r)yep,6va alrelv rrapd rovrov, tp Xv- 
 fjuaivo/j/dOa rrw rrpd^tv. el Be Kal rco r/yefiovt irio-rev- 
 aojxev co av Kvpos BiBco, rl xcoXvei ;cal rd dxpa jjpuv 
 KeXeveiv Kvpov irpoKaraXaft^dveiv ; iyco yap okvoltjv V7 
 [lev av eh rd rrXola e/i/Saiveiv a i)jJLiv Boltj, /xy 7]fid^ 
 avrais rals rpuipecn, KdraBvcrrj, <f)o/3oif!<r)v B\ av rS 
 ijye/jbovi co av oou] eizeacai, pai ?]fia<> ayayy ouev ov% 
 
 pio, bfa&0 e P°\7°vT£*mi 7roL7]jioi/' C09 oe,Jip ai/bpo ov 
 av eXrjcrtfe iteiaopcki y bvvarov fiaXtcrta, Iva eidrjre 01 
 
12 XENOPHOlSr's ANABASIS. 
 
 AAw .». _ ^. _ ~ 
 
 
 otcw re earai e^eXdelv, /3ovXoip,r)v S' avJxKovro^ anriwv 
 Kvpov XaOelv avrbv direXOwv ' b ov Bvvarov eanv. 
 
 18 dXX iyco <f)7]/M- ravra fiev <fiXvapla<$ elvai' BokcI Be fxoi 
 avSpas eXOovra^, 7rpo? Kvpov. , o'inves errurriBeboi crvv 
 
 /Lffift'f KXeap^a) epcorav eiceivov, %b povXerai rjp,iv %pr)crucu' 
 
 ^KaX eav fxev r) Trpd^is r) iraparrXrjo-La olanrep /cai rrpb- 
 
 crdev i^prjro to £9 %evobs, errecrQai /cal r)pbd<;, /cal pJq 
 
 19 KaKiovs elvav t&v rrpoaOev^rovrcp o-vvava/3dvrcov • eav 
 Be pbel^cov 77 Trpa^Ls 777? irpoorQev (palvr/rat teal eiri- 
 rrovcorepa real eirmwovvoripa, d^bovv rj nrelaavra rjfias 
 ayew rj nreiaOevra 7rpo? <pbXlav a§ikvai\ ovroy yap 
 fcal errbpbevob av tyiXot avrS teal irpbOvpLoi eirolpbeOa 
 teal airiovres dacfiaXcbs av dirioip.ev 0, n S' av 7rpb$ 
 ravra Xeyy, dirayyeTXai Bevpo' r)p,ds S' d/covcravra^ 
 
 «:0n<J2O Trpo? ravra j3ovXeveadab. kSotje ravra, /cal avBpas ' 
 eXb/ievob avv KXedp^qy irepmovo-iv, 01 rjpcorcov Kvpov 
 ra Bo^avra rfj err par ba. f6 S' airercplvaro, on atcovoi 
 'Af3po/copLav, eyOpbv dvBpa, iirl tw Ev<ppdrrj irorapbS 
 eivai, amkyovra BcoBe/ca erraOpbov^' 7rpo? rovrov ovv 
 €(prj j3ovXea6ab eXOelv /cav fiev f\ i/cel, rrpv Siktjv ecprj 
 Xprj^eiv emdelvai avr(p x .i)v Be (f)evyrj, rj/jLels ifcel 727309 
 
 21 ravra jBovXevcropbeOa. ^ciKOvaavres he ravra ol alperoi 
 dvayyeXXovcrb rols crrparccorai^' rols Be viro-Yia fiei \ 
 r)v, on ayei 7rpo9 paaiXea, op,cos be eoo/cet, eireauai. 
 nrpoaairovai Be yuiaQov ■ Be Kvpos virio-yyelrai i]\xib- 
 Xiov rracn Bd>areiv€>v izDorepov ecpepov, dvrl BapetKov 
 rpta rj/jbtBapeiKa rod fiTjvos rS crrparcoorrj' on Be erri 
 (SacnXea ay 01 ohBe evravda r\novcrev ovhels ev ye ru> 
 (fcavepw. 
 
 4 *Evrev0ev e^eXavvei araOpbov^ Bvo, rrapacrdyya^ 
 
 Beica, eirl rbv Wdpov irorapbov, ov rjv rb evpos rpia 
 irXeOpa. evrevOev e^eXavveu araOpubv eva, rrapacrdyyas 
 irevre, eirl rbv Uvpapuov rrorapbov, ov*rb evpo<$ crrdSwv. 
 evrevOev e^eXavvet, araOpbovs Bvo, irapaadyyas rrevre- 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. IY. 13 
 
 tcaihena, ek 'JWov?, rrjs KCXucias eaxdrrjv uo\iv, 
 eirl rfj SaXdrrr} olicovpLevrjv, pueydX^v ical evBalfiova, 
 ivravOa epueivav rjpuepas rpels • ical Kvpqj irapqaav al 2 
 i/c TleKO'ird^vrjaov vrjes rpidicovra teal irevre ical eir 
 j — avral<; vavapyos HvOayopas AatceBaipibvios. ffyeiro B' 
 avrcov Ta/icbs Alyvirrios e'f 'Eepecrov, e^cov vavs erepas . 
 Kvpov irevre ical ettcocrLV, at? eiroXioptcei, MlXrjrov, on 
 TicrcrafyepveL cptXr] rjv, koX avveiroXepuei Kvpco irpos 
 avrbv.^kirapr\v Be ical Xeipicrocpos AatceBaipiovios eirl 3 
 v-twi' ve&v, pier dire purr os virb Kvpov, eirrafcocriov<; eywv 
 oirXiras, o)V earparrjyet irapa &vp<p. ai oe vrjes wp- 
 /jLovv irapa rrjv Kvpov ct/ctjv^v. ivravda tcai ol Trap 
 ^AfBpokipia jjLio-9o(j)6poi, r, EXXr]ve<; dirocrrdvres r)X6ov 
 irapa Kvpov, rerpatcbcnoi oirXlrac, ical crvvecrrparevovro 
 eirl fiacnXea. evrevOev e^eXavveo crraOpubv eva, irapa- 4 
 cdyyas irevre, eirl irvXas rfjs KiXuclas ical rrjs Xvpias. 
 f/.VU v)o~av Be ravra Bvo reLyr}' ical rb puev eacoOev rb irpb 
 tt}9 KikiKias Xvevvecris elye ical KiKlkcov (pvXatcry rb 
 Be e%(o rb irpb rrjs Xvpias fiacriXecos eXeyero cpvXatcrj 
 (pvXdrreiv. Bed fiecrov Be pel rovrcov irorapib; Kdpcros 
 ovopia, evpos irXeOpov. dirav Be rb puecrov rebv reiyjhv 
 rjaav crrdBioL r pels' ical irapeXOelv ovk r)v fiia- rjv yap 
 7] irdpoBos arevrj teal rd reiyr\ et? r?]V QdXarrav tcaOrj- 
 Kovra, virepOev S' rjaav irerpao r)Xlj3aroi' eirl Be Tot? 
 reiyecriv dpuf)orepoi<; efyeicrrrpcecrav irvXac. ravrrjs 5 
 eve/ca rr}<; irapoBov Kvpos ra<? vav<s pLereirepb-^jraro, oVw? 
 oirXiras dirol3cj3dcrecev eccro) ical e^co rcov irvXwv, ical 
 fiiaad/jLevot, rovs iroXepblovs irapeXOocev, el (pvXdrroiev 
 iirl rals XvplaLs irvXais, oirep wero iroi^aeiv 6 Kvpos 
 rbv Aftpo/copbav, e^ovra iroXv crrpdrevpia. y ^AjBpoKopLa^ 
 Be ov rovr eiroiiqcrev, aAV iirel rjKovae Kvpov ev KlXl- 
 kicl ovra, dvaarpe-^ra; etc <&olvlic7}<; irapa ftacriXea dirrj- 
 Xavvev, eywv, a>? eXeyero, rpidicovra pvpidBa^ arparia^. 
 evrevOev e^eXavveu Bid Xvpla? araOj-ibv eva, irapacrdyyas 6 
 
14 xenophoin's anabasis. 
 
 fa 
 
 irevre, els MvptavBov, rrbXiv ol/covfievr]v virb <&oivlr 
 fccov irrl rfj QaXdrryr ifi7rcptov 8' yv to ywpiov /cal 
 cop/xovv avrbQi bX/cdBes TroXXaL evravQ* ep^eivav 
 
 7 rj/juepas eirrd' /cal {lev las 6 'Ap/cds, arparrjyos, ical 
 Uatricov 6 Meyapevs epLpdvres els rrXolov /cal rd irXel- 
 crrov d^ia evOejievoi drrerrXevcrav, cos puev rocs TrXet- 
 arois ehotcovv, cf)i\GTLfi7]6 eyres, on rovs err pandoras 
 avrcov rovs rrapd KXeap^ov aTreXdovras, cbs drnovras 
 els rrjv *EXXd$a rrdXtv /cal ov 7rpbs /3acriXea, eta Kv- 
 pos rbv KXeapxpv e^ecv. errel S' rjcrav depavets, SirjXde 
 Xoyos, on .8 ico /ce i avrovs Kvpos rpnqpeai' ical ol fiev 
 evyovro cos BoXlovs ovras avrovs Xrjc^Orjvai, ol S' 
 
 8 wtcreipov, el aKcoaoivro. 'J Kvpos Be crvyicaXecras rovs 
 o-rparrjyovs elrrev 'ATroXeXdiiracriv rjfids aevtas xal 
 Hacricov. dXA? ev ye fievroc e7ncrrdcr0cocrav, on ovre 
 drroBeBpaicacTiV' oloa <ydp otttj oiyovrai' ovre dnro- 
 7re<fcevyao~iv e%co yap rpt/jpeis coo-re eXetv rb etcelvcov 
 ttXoZov. dXXa fid rovs Qeovs ov/c eycoye avrovs Bcco^co, 
 ovB^ epec ovBels, cos eyco, ecos f*ev dv Trapfj res, ^pCopuoA; 
 eireiBdv he dmevai /SovXyrai,, avXXa/3cov kgX avrovs 
 tcafctos rroico /cal rd ^pij/xara dirocrvXco. dXXa uovrcov, 
 elBores, ore /ca/clovs elcrl rrepl i)fids r) r)/nels rrepl e/cei- 
 vous. fcalroc e^o) ye avrcov /cal re/cva /cal yvvaltcas ev 
 TpdXXeac c^povpovfieva' dXX' ovBe rovrcov crrepi'jcrov- 
 rai, dX)C drroXifaovrac rrjs rrpbcrOev eve/ca nrepl ejjue 
 
 9 dperrjs. /cal 6 fiev ravra elrrev ol Be "EXXrjves, et 
 ns /cal dOv/jLorepos r)v rrpbs rrjv dvd/3acnv, d/covovres 
 ri)v Kvpov dperrjv ijBiov ical irpoOvpLorepov crvp€7f&- 
 pevovro. 
 
 y Merd ravra Kvpos e^eXavvei araOfiovs rerrapas, 
 
 frrapacrdyyas ec/cocnv, eirl rbv XdXov rrora^ov, ovra rb 
 
 evpos rrXeOpov, 7rXr}pri S' l^Ovcov fxeydXcov ical irpaecov, 
 
 ovs ol Xvpoi rSeou? evopuiCpv /cal dSc/ceiv ov/c elcov, ovhe 
 
 rds rrepLcrrepds. al Be /ccofiai,, ev als eaKrjvovv, Uapv- 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. IV. 15 
 
 aaTiSos rjaav, eh ^oovrjv SeSofbivcu. I ivrevdev e^eXavvei 10 
 crraOfiovs irevre, irapaadyya^ rpcaKovra, eVl ra? irrj- 
 70.9 tov Aapa&cLfcos iroTapiov, ov to evpos irXeOpov. 
 evravOa rjaav to, BeXeavos (3aaiXeia tov ^vpias 
 ap%avTO<$, Kal irapaBeuaos irdvv fjueyas Kal koXos, e%cov 
 TravTa, oaa copai cpvovac Kvpos o clvtov e^eKoye 
 Kal tcl (BaaiXeta KaTeKavaev. \ evTevOev e^eXavvec aTa- 1 1 
 6/jLOvs Tpets, irapaadyyas irevTeKaiBeKa, eirl tov Ev- 
 (f>pdT7]v iroTapiov, ovtcu to evpos TeTTapcov aTaSlcov ■ • 
 Kal iroXis ai)To9i w/cecTO /xeydXr] Kal evSatixcov Sd^a- 
 /co? ovofiaTC. ivTavda epieivav ^[lepa^ irevTe' Kal 
 Kvpos fzeTaTre/A'^rdfievos tovs aTpaTrjyov? twv 'EXXtj- 
 vcov eXeyev, otl t) 0S09 eaoiTO tt/3o? /3aaiXea jxeyav 
 eh BafivXcova' Kal KeXeveo avToij<; Xeyecv TavTa Toh 
 o-TpaTicioTaLs Kal dvaireiQeiv eireaOat. 1/ ol Se irotrj- 12 
 cravTes €KKXr/aiav dirrjyyeXXov TavTa' 01 he aTpaTtco- 
 Tai eyaXeriraivov Toh aTpaTTiyoh, Kal efyaaav avTOV? 
 irdXai TavT elooTas KpvirTeiv, Kal ovk ecfraaav Ikvai, 
 eav fjurj ti<$ avToh ^py'ifiaTa BtBcp, wairep Kal Toh irpo- 
 * Tepocs [xeTa Kvpov dvafiaau irapd tov iraTepa tov 
 Kvpov, Kal TavTa ovk eirl fid^r/v Iovtcov, dXXd KaXovv- 
 to^ tov iraTpos Kvpov. ^ Tama 01 aTpaTrjyol Kvpco 13 
 a7n]yyeXXov 6 S' v'Trea^eTO dvBpl eKaaTcp Bcoaetv 
 irevTe dpyvplov pva$, eirav eh BaJ3vX6ova rjKcoai, Kal 
 tov pnaObv evTeXrj f^e^pc av /caTaaTijarj tov<? (l EXXiivas 
 eh 'Icovlav irdXiv. to [jlIv 8?) ttoXv tov 'EXXtjvckov 
 ovTcos e7reiaur}. IVlevcov be nrpiv ci)Xov eivai, ti ttoit}- 
 crovaiv 01 ciXXot crTpaTioiTai, iroTepov e^JrovTac Kvpcp 
 y) ov, crvveXe^e to avTov crTpaTevfia %oiph twv dXXcov 
 Kal eXe^e TaBe. "Avhpes, eav jioi ireiaOrjTe, ovTe klv- 14 
 hvvevcravTes ovTe TrovrjcravTes tcov dXXcov irXeov irpoTi- 
 fjL7]aecr6e CTpaTicoTcov virb Kvpov. tl ovv KeXeveo 
 TTO'Jqo-ai ; vvv BelTai Kvpos eirecrOai tov<$ "EXXrjvas 
 €7rl fiacriXea' eytb ovv <pj]fii v/icis yjpr\vai Biafir\vai tov 
 
16 XENOPHON S ANABASIS. 
 
 Evcppdrrjv irorafibv irpXv BrjXov elvcu, 6, n ol dXXoi 
 
 15 "EXXrjves dnroKpivovvrai Kvpw. r)v fiev yap tyr)<j)[- 
 crcovrau eireorOai, v/ieis Bo^ere airioi elvcu ap^avres rov 
 BiajBalveiv, KaX &>9 irpoOvpuordroi^ ovcriv v/jliv ydpiv 
 eicrerai Kvpos /ecu diroBdyaeu' errlcrrarai S' el rt? teal 
 aXXof t)v S' diro^r^lcrcovraL ol dXXoi, diriixev p,ev 
 airavTes rovjMiraXiv, vjjLlv Be co? julovois 7rei9o[ievoi<$ 
 mcrrordroi^ yjpr}<reTai /ecu et? cf)povpia /ecu et? Xo%a- 
 •yla<;, teal aXXov ovtlvos dv BerjcrOe olBa ore co? cf)lXov 
 
 16 rev^ecrde Kvpov. a/covaavres ravra eireiOovro kcu 
 Bieftrjcrav nrpXv rov? aXXovs diroKplvacrQai. Kvpo? 8' 
 eirel yaOero 8taf3e{3r)K6ras, rjcrOrj re icaX reo crrparev- 
 fiari 7re/jLyfra$ TXovv elirev. 'Eyco fiev, c5 dvBpe<;, rjBrj 
 vfias eiraivo)' O7rco? Be KaX vpuel^ epue eiraiveaere e/iol 
 
 17 /AeXr)(TeL±r} firjKeri fie Kvpov vofjul^ere. ol fjuev Br) arpa- 
 rccorao ev eknricn fieydXais oWe? ev^ovro avrbv evrv- 
 %r)cray Mevcovc Be kcu Baypa eXeyero irepwJjscu fieya- 
 XoTTperrw^. ravra Be iroLrjcras Bie/3aive' crvveiirero Be 
 KaX ro dXXo arpdrevfia avrS airav KaX rwv 8ta/3ai,- 
 vovrcov rov rroraybov ovBeXs e^pe^Orj dvcorepco rcov 
 
 18 /Jbacrrcov vtto rov irorapbov. ol Be OatyaKijvol eXeyov, 
 ore ovirodTToQ^ ovros 6 TTora/Jibs Biafiarbs yevoiro ire^fj, 
 el fjur) rore, dXXa TrXoiow d rore 'AfipoKOfia? rrpolcov 
 KareKavcrev, iva pur) Kvpos BiajBfj. eBoKei Brj §elov 
 elvai KaX cracpoos v7ro^copr)crai, rov nrorafjiov Kvpqy go? 
 
 19 (BacnXevaovri. evrevOev i^eXavveo Bid rr)<; Xvpias 
 crrad/jLovs ivvea, irapacrayyas irevrrjKovra, KaX ci<pL- 
 Kvovvrai rrpb^ rov 'Apatjrjv irorafiov. evravOa rjcrav 
 KOijiai 7roXXaX fiearaX crirov KaX oivov. evravOa ep^ei- 
 
 v vav rjpLepas rpels KaX erreairlcravro. 
 
 ■^ 5 ''EvrevOev etjeXavvet Bed r?}? ' " Apaftias rov Evcppd 
 
 rrjv rroraphv ev Be^ia eyozv crraOpiovs eptjfiovs irevre, 
 Trapacrdyyas rpiaKovra KaX irevre. ev rovro) Be too 
 roirw rjv puev r) yr) ireBlov airav opuaXov, wcrrrep 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. V. 17 
 
 SdXarra, a-yjrivOioi) 'Be TrXrjpes' el Be ti Kal aXXo evr)v 
 vXrjf; rj KoXa/jbov, diravTa rjcrav evcoBrj, cbdTrep dpcofxara' 
 BevBpov S' ovBev evrjv. $r\pia Be iravrola, ifXelaroc fiev 2 
 ovoi ciypiot, ttoXXoI Be ar'povdol ol f^eydXoo' ivrjcrav Be 
 Kal ooTiSes Kal BopKaBes. ravra Be rd Srjpia ol LTnrel^ 
 evlore eBicoKov. Kal ol fiev ovot, iirei Tt? Blgokoi, irpo- 
 Spafiovres sgrTg&av' ttoXv yap jcov lttttcov erpeyov 
 S-drrov Kal iraXiv, eVel TrXrjcrcd^otev ol LinroL, ravrov 
 eiroLOW, Kal ovk rjv Xafielv, el pur) Stao-ravres ol mirel? 
 Srjpajev BiaBe^ofievoi Tot? t7T7rot?. rd Be Kpea t€)V 
 dXlcrKOfievcov rjv TrapairXrjcna tols ekatyeiois, dirdXco- 
 repa Be. arpovObv Be ovBels eXafiev ol Be Bioo^avres 3 
 to)v lirivewv Tayy eiravovTOi 7roXv yap direairaTO <pev- 
 yovaa, rot? fxev iroal Bpo/JLO), rals Be irrepv^uv, aipovcra, 
 coairep Io-tlw ^pcofjuevrj. r«9 Be GOTiBas dv tls Ta%y 
 dvio-rfj, ecTTi Xap,{3dveiv irerovraL yap ftpaxy, coairep 
 7repBcKe<i, Kal Tayy dirdy6pevovo~i,. rd Be Kpea avrwv I 
 rjBto-Ta r)v. iropevojievoi Be Bid Tavrrjs rrjs ^copa? 
 dcfuKVOvvrai, e7rl tov MdcrKav TTOTapuov, to evpos irXe- 
 dpialov. evravda r)v ttoXis eprj/xr), /jLeydXrj, ovofia 8' 
 aurfj Kopacorty 7TepLeppelro S' avrrj vtto tov MdcrKa 
 kvkXw. evTavO^ epueivav rjfiepas Tpels Kal eireacT IcravTO. 
 evTevdev e^eXavvec crTa0p,ovs eprjfiovs Tpels Kal Be/ca, 5 
 vrapacrdyyas ivevrJKOVTa, tov EvcppaTrjv TTOTapibv ev 
 Be^ta eycov, Kal d<^iKvel,Tai eirl UvXa<$. ev tovtols 
 tols a~Ta6pLol<; iroXXa to)V viroQjyicov dircoXero virb 
 XijJiov' ox) yap r)v ^opro? ovBe aXXo ovBev BivBpov, 
 dXXa tyiXr) rjv diraaa r) ywpa' ol Be evoiKovvTes ovovs 
 dXeTas irapd tov iroTapbov opvTTOVTes Kal TrocovvTes eh 
 Ba/3v\wva rjyov Kal eirdaXovv Kal dvTayopd'CpvTe^ aiTov 
 e^cov. jjro Be aTpaTevfia 6 crtro? eTreXiire, Kal 7rplaa6ai 6 
 ovk r)v s el pur) ev tjj Avhla dyopa ev tc3 Kvpov /3ap- 
 /3apiKai>, tt)v Ka7ri6r)v dXevpwv i) aX^trrwv TeTTapcov 
 cnyXcov. o Be criyXos BvvaTai eirTa ofioXovs Kal rjjjLico- 
 
18 xenophon's anabasis, 
 
 fibXiov *Attikov<$ ' r) Be KairiQif] Bvo ypivizeas 'Arrizcdi 
 i%copei. zepea ovv iaOlovres oi arparioirai Sieylyvovro. 
 ■%+ rjv Be rourcov rcov crra0fia)v ov<z Tvdvv fiazepovs rjXavvev, 
 07TQT6 r) irpbs vScop {3ovXolto ScareXecrac rj 7rpo9 %lXov. 
 zeal .81] it pre ar'evo'ywpias zeal TrrjXov . (fravivros rats 
 djud^ac; Bvarrcpevrov, eTriarrj 6 Kvp6$ crvv rot? Trepl 
 avrbv dpiarois zeal evBaifioveardrois, zeal eratje TXovv 
 zeal Iliypiqra Xafiovras rbv /3ap/3apueov arparov crvv- 
 
 8 e/e/3if3d£eiv ra? dfid^as. eirel 8' iSozeovv avrS cr%o- 
 kaifos rroieiv, coairep opyfj izeeXevcre rov<$ irepl avrbv 
 Uepaag roy$ zeparlarovs avverrlaTrevcrac rd$ dfid^as. 
 evOa Br) /xepo? ti, rrj<; evra^las rjv BedaaaOai. pi^rav- 
 
 T69 JCip TOV§ TTOpcpVpOVS ZcdvSvS OTTOV €TV%6V eZCCLGTQS 
 €<TTr)Kd)<S, L6VTO WGTTep dp Spd/lSo T£9 7T€pl VlZCTjS KOb 
 
 fidXa zeard rrpavpvs yrjXocjiov, e^ovre^ rovrovq re tou9 
 TroXvreXels yiT&vas zeal rd<$ TTQizeiXa? dva^vplBa^, 
 evioi Be zeal crrpeTtrovs Trepl rots rpa^Xois zeal tyekia 
 Trepl rals %ep<j{v ev6v<$ Be crvv rovrocf elcrTrrjBi]cravres 
 eh rbv TrrjXbvj Qdrrov rj &>9 res dv coWo fieredopovs 
 
 9 e^eteopbiaav rds dfid^as. V rb Be crv/jLTrav SrjXo? rjv Kv- 
 po§ &>9 cnrevBcov rrdo av rr)v oBbv zeal ov Scarp l/3o)v 
 ottov pur) eTrKJiriajJiov evezea rj twos aXXov dvayzcaiov 
 ezeaQeQero, vofxl^cov, oaco fiev dv Qdrrov eXOoi, roaovrep 
 aTrapacr/cevacrrorepq) jBaaiXel fJia^elaOat, ocrco Be o-yo- 
 Xaiorepov, rocrovrcp rrXeov crvvayelpeaOai (3aaiXel 
 arpdrev/JLa. V zeal crvviBelp S" 1 rjv rS Trpoaeyovri rbv 
 vovv r) {SacroXeeos dpyr) rikiqQei puev %d>pa<; zeal dvOpco- 
 ttcov Icr^vpd ovaa, rot9 Be firj/eecn, rwv oBcov zeal rco 
 SieaTrdaOai rds Bwdpuei^ dqOevf]^, el Tt$ Bid rayhw 
 
 10 rbv TroXejxov eTroieiro. rrepav Be rov Evcf>pdrov Trora- 
 /jLov zeard rov<z ipfj/iovg araOfiovs rjv ttoXcs evSai/ucov 
 zeal fieydXr], ovopia Be XapfidvBr). izc ravrr]^ ol err pa- 
 riodrai r]y.6paKov rd eTurrjSeia, cr^eolais Sia(BaLVOVT£<$ 
 &>Se. Bt^iuepa^, as elyov (T/eeTrdufiara, eTriiiTrXaaav 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. V. 19 
 
 ypoTOV Kovcpov, elra (rvvfjyov /cal avvecnrcov, co? //,?; 
 (iirrecrOaL r?}? fcdpcfyrjs to vScop' eVl tovtcov SiefBaiyov 
 /cal eXdpb[3avov rot, eVmySaa. olvov re etc 7-1)9 j3aAavov 
 
 7T67rOC7]fl6VOV T?)? CL1TO TOV (froiVl/COS KOl (jItOV /jb6\,LV7]<; ' 
 
 tovto yap rjv ev rfj %dtpq, ifXelarov. ^ dp,(fci,Xe£dvTOJV Se 1 1 
 ti ivrauda tcov re tov Mevcovo? crrpartcorcbv /cal tcov 
 tov KXedp^ov 6 KXeap'Xos /c'plvas dSc/celv tov tov Me- 
 vtovos TrXr/yas evefiaXev. 6 Se iX0cov 7rpo? to eavTov 
 crTpaTev/xa eXeyev d/covcravTe^ 8' ol aTpaTicoTat, eya- 
 Xeiraivov /cal copyi&VTO lo-%ypcb<i tco KXedp^co. tjj Se 12 
 avTfj i)p,epa Kkeapyos eXOtov eirl ttjv Sid/3acrov tov iro- 
 Tafiov /cal e/cel /caTao-/ce^rdpievo<; Tip dyopdv d^Lirirevei 
 eirl T?)V eavTov cr/crjvrjv Sea tov Mevcovos o-TpaTevpuaTos 
 crvv oXiyotg Toh irepl avTov Kvpos Se ovttco rj/cev, dXX* 
 en r irpocriqXavve • tcov Se Mevcovos o-TparicoTcov %vXa «_ 
 dy^t^cov Tt? 009 elSe tov RXeapyov SieXavvovTa, itjctc ttj 
 d^ivy /cal outo9 p*ev avTOv rjpbapTev aXXo$ Se XiOco 
 /cal aXXo?, euTa ttoXXoi, icpavyr)*; yevopuevrj^. 6 Se /caTa- 13 
 cpevyeo eh to eavTov aTpaTevfia, /cal ev6i)$ irapay- 
 yeXXet, eh tcl OTrXa" ical tov<s puev oirXtTa^ avTov 
 e/ceXevcre pbelvac tcls dairiSa^ Trpbs to, yovaTa SevTas, , 
 ai/Tos Se Xaj3tov tov? Gpa/cas ical tov<; LTrireh, o'l rjcrav 
 avTco ev tw crTpaTevpuaTi TrXeiovs rj TeTTapd/covTa, 
 tovtcov Se ol TrXeZcrTOi Opa/ce$, rfkavvev eirl tovs Me- 
 vcovos, coctt e/cecvovs e/cireTrXrjyQai /cal avTov Mevcova, 
 /cal Tpeyeiv eVl Ta oirXa' ol Se /cal ecrTaaav diropovv- 
 re? tw Trpdyp.aTi.'Wo Se Ilpo^evos, eTvye yap vcrTepo? 14 
 irpocricov /cal Ta%i<$ avTco eiropLevrj tcov ottXltcdv, ev6v<; 
 ovv eh to pbeaov dfMpdTepcov aycov eOeTO to, oirXa /ca\ 
 eSeiTo tov KXedp-^ov pir] iroielv TavTa. 6 8' e^aXe- 
 iraivev, otl avTov oXiypxi SerjcravTOS /caTaXevdOfjvai, 
 irpctw^ XeyoL to avTov irauos, e/ceXeve Te avTov e/c tov 
 pbicrqv e^lcrTaorOat. ev tovtco Se eiryei /cal Kvpos /cal 15 
 iirvOeTO to irpaypua' evOvs S' eXaj3e to, iraXTa eh 
 
20 xen"ophon's anabasis. 
 
 ra? 'xeipas real gvv rot? irapovGi tcov ttlgtcov rj/cev 
 
 16 eXavvcov €t? to fieaov, teal Xeyeo TaSe. K\iap%e teal 
 Upo^eve teal ol aXkou ol Trapovres e/ EXkr]ves, ov/c tare 
 o, tl iroielre. el yap riva aXkrjXois fjud^v Gwd-^rere, 
 vofit^ere ev rfjBe ry rjp>ipa ejxi re KCLTaiceico'ty&cfdai 
 
 KoX VpuCLS OV 7T0\V i/JLOV VGTepOV KCLfCCOS <jdp TCOV 
 
 rj/jLerepcov i%6vTcov irdvTes ovtol ou? opdre (3dp(Bapou 
 
 7T0\6LLLC0T€p0C 7)[UV eGOVTCLL TCOV TTaod BdGtXei OVTCOV. 
 
 17 atcovcras ravra o JsXeap^o^ ev eavTco eyevero kcli 
 iravadjievot dpicpOTepot, Kara y&pav ' eOevTO rd oifXa. 
 
 6 'EvreQOev. nrpolovTcov icpaiyero lyyid Xttttcov teal 
 
 Kotrpd^' ei/ca^ero cT elvai 6 gtiJSos &J? Bcg^iXicov Xir- 
 7rcov. ovtol irpolovTes eKaXov koI %lX6v Kal el tl aXko 
 Xp/jGi'/jLov rjv. 'Op6vTr}<$ Be, l IIepG7]<; dvr)p y yevei T6 
 irpoGrjKcov /3aGi\,et Kal ,Ta 'jroXefiLa Xeyopevos ev to2<$ 
 dpiGTOis HepGcov eirijSovkevei Kvpco, Kal irpoGOev 
 
 2 7rd\e{MJGas, KaTaXkayels Bi. ovtos Kvpco elsirev, el 
 avTco Bolt) 'nnreas ^iXiovs, otl tou? it poKaraKalovTa^ 
 hnrias rj KaraKavoo av iveBpevGas rj £aW<x? ttoWov? 
 avTcov e\ot Kal KcoKvGeie tov Kaieiv eiriovTas, Kal 
 TTOiriGeiev coGTe pirjiTOTe BvvaG0av avTov? IBovTas to 
 Kvpov GTpaTev/ia (3aGikel BiayyeVkat. * tco Be Kvpco 
 aKovGavTC TavTa eSo/cei, cocpeXtfia elvai, Kal eKekevGev 
 avTov XapbjBdveiv jdepos irap eKaGTOV tcov 'qyefiovcov. 
 
 3 o 8' 'OpovTT]?, vofJLLGas eTolfiovs elvai, ai/Tco tovs ltt- 
 ireas, ypdcpei eiriGToX-qv irapd (BaGiXea, oti rj^oL eywv 
 t7T7ret? a)? av Bvvr\Tai irXeiGTOvs' aXkd (ppaGao rot? 
 eauTod hnrevGiv eKeXevev oj? (plXcov avTov vTroBi^e- 
 G0ai. evrjv Be iv ttj iirLGToXfj Kal tt/9 irpoGOev (friXlas 
 vTTOfiVTJfiara Kal TTLGTews. TavTrjv ttjv eiriGToXriv Bl- 
 
 B(DGL 7TLGTC0 dvBpl, 0)9 WETO. Be Xaj3o)V KlipO) BlBcO- 
 
 4 glv. dvayvovs Be avTrjv o K0/3O? GvWap,{3dvei 'Opov- 
 Trjv, Kal GvyKaXel efe tt]V eavTod GK7]vr]v IlepGcov tov? 
 dpLGTOVs tcov Trepl avTov eiTTa, Kal rou9 tcov 'EWijvcqv 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. VI. 21 
 
 (rrparrjyovs eKeXevev orrXira*; dyayeev, tovtovs Be Se- 
 crOae tcl oirXa irepl rrjv avrov (TK7]vr\v. oe Be ravra 
 eTrocrjcrav, dyayovres co? rpea^eXlov; oirXlra^. KXeap- 5 
 yov Be /cat ecao) irapeKaXecre avpbj3ovXov, o? ye Kal avrS 
 Kal tqIs aXXoes iBo/cei rrpon^Qrivae fxaXecrra ra>v r EX- 
 Xtjvcov. errel B' ef;r}X6ev, e^rjyyeiXe rocs cfriXoes rr)V 
 Kptcrev rov ^Opbvrov a)? eyevero' ov yap diroppyjrov rjv. 
 e(f>rj Be Kvpov dpyeev rov Xoyov a)Be. HapeKaXeaa 6 
 vfia?, avBpes (f)lXoe, 6Vg)? avv vpXv /3ovXev6pLevo<i 6, re 
 
 BlKCLlOV i(TTL Kal 7TyOO? QeO)V Kal 7T/30? dv6pCi)7T(DV, TOVTO 
 
 Trpdtjo) irepl ^Opbvrov tovtovL rovrov yap Trpwrov 
 fiev 6 e/xo? Trar^p eBcotcev vtttjkoov elvae efiol' irrel Be 
 ra^defc, o)9 etyrj avros, virb rov i/xov dBeX<f>ov ovro<; 
 i7ro\e/j,r)(T€v epuol e^cov rrjv iv XdpBeaev aKpbiroXev, Kal 
 iyu) avrov rrpoairoXepiOiV eTroirjcra ware Bo^ae rovrco 
 rov 7rpb<i i/J,e TroXe/Jiov TravaaaOae Kal Betjedv eXafiov 
 Kal eBcoKa, puerd ravra, ecf)7j, c5 'Opovra, earev o, re ere 7 
 rjBiKrjcra ; direKplvaro ore ov. irdXev Be 6 Kvpos rjpeora, 
 Ovkovv vcrrepov, &)? auTo? av ofioXoyees, ovBev vtt ifiov 
 aBiKovpbevos dirocrrd^ eh Mvaovs KaKGis eirolees rrjv 
 ifirjv yu>pav 6, re eBvvco ; e<prj 6 'Opovrrjs. Ovkovv, 
 e<l>r) 6 Kvpos, OTror av eyva><; T7m aeavrov Bvvafiiv, 
 eXOcbv iirl rov rrjs 'AprifieBos fico/ibv [xerafieXeiv re 
 croe e<f)r)cr6a Kal nrelca^ ifie ireard irdXev e'Soj/ea? peov 
 Kal eXafies Trap 1 epuov ; Kal ravO^ wjioXoyee 6 'Opovrrjs. 
 
 l ovv, e<p7j o Jsjjpos, aoLKrjfjeis vir efiov vvv ro rptrov 8 
 e7nj3ovXevcDV jjlol fyavepos; yeyovas ; elirovros Be rov 
 'Opovrov ore ovBev aBiKTjuels rjpdorrjcrev 6 Kvpos avrov, 
 ' O fioXoyel^ ovv rrepl e/ie clBikos yeyevrjaOai ; ^H yap 
 dvdyKTj, e<p7] 6 ^Opovrr]^. £k rovrov nrdXtv r/pebrrjaev 
 o Kvpos, "Ero ovv av yevoio roj e/xc3 dBeX(f)w TroXe/uos, 
 e/ioi Be (f)LXo$ Kal rncrros ; 6 Be drreKpivaro ore ovB el 
 yevoijJLrjv, co Kvpe, croc 7' av rrore ere Bo^ae/jbe. 7rpo? 9 
 ravra Kvpos efare Tot? irapovcrev, 'O fiev dvrjp roeavra 
 
22 XENOPHONS "ANABASIS. 
 
 [lev 7r€7rolr)fce, tqlclvto, Be Xeyec v/jlcov Be av Trpwros, 
 0) KXeap^e, dirofyrjvaL yvcojurjv o, tl g~oi Boicel. KXeap- 
 %09 Be elire ToiBe. ^v/nfiovXevcQ iyco tov avBpa tovtov 
 i/c7ro8c&v iroielcrOai cb?. jdy Lcrra, to? fiij/ceTi Bey tovtov 
 <pv\aTT€o~uai, aXXa a^oKr] y i)jjuv to kcltol tovtov, eivai 
 
 10 tol>? eOeXovrds <j>lXovs tovtovs ev iroielv. tclvtj} $(• 
 
 TJ] ryVGOflJ] 6(p7] fCdl TOU9 ClXXoVS TTpoaQkaQai. fJL6TO, 
 
 tclvtcl KeXevovTos Kvpov eXa/3ov Trjs ^govt]? tov^ Ojdov- 
 ttjv iirl QavaTco diravTe^ dvaaTavjes, ical ol arvyyevei?' 
 evra be etiqyov avTov ols irpo^eTa^urj. eirei be etbov 
 clvtov oXirep irpoadev 7TfTddreKvvovv, /ecu totc irpocreKV 
 
 11 vrjcrav, KaiTrep elBoTes, oti eiri Qclvcltov ayoiTO. eVet 
 
 Be 669 T7]V 'ApTCLTT&TOV CT/C7]Vr)V elo'Tj'^T} TOV TnGTOTCL- 
 TOV TCOV KvpOV O-/C7}7TT0V)(C0V, fieTOb TCLVTCL OVT€ ^OOVTCL 
 
 'OpovTTiv ovTe TeOvrjfcoTa ovBels elBe ..iramoTe, ovBe oVey? 
 dnreQavev ovBels elBco? eXeyev elicaCpv he aXXoi aXXw 
 Tci(f)o<; Be ovBels irdnroTe clvtov e<pdvi]. 
 7 ;A ^EvTevOev e^eXavvet Bid t?}? BafivXcovcas aTaOfiov^; 
 Tpels, irapao-ayyas BcoBeKa. ev Be t&> TptTw o~Ta0fi(p 
 Kvpos e^eTaaiv iroielTai twv 'EXXtjvcdv kcl\ tcov (Sap- 
 /Sdpcov ev tg> ireBico irepl fiecras vvktcus • eBoicei yap eh 
 TT\v eirLovcrav eco oj^ecv j3aari\ea crvv T(p crTpaTev/naTt, 
 fza^ov/xevoy' fcal eiceXeve KXeap%ov /iev tov Be^Lov 
 pcepcos rjyelaOai, Mevoova Be tov SeTTaXov tov evcovv- 
 
 2 jjuov, clvtov Be tovs eavTov BteTa^e. fieTa Be^Trjv i%e- 
 Tacriv d(lU"'tfi eiriovar} rj/iepa ij/covTes clvtojjloXoi irapa 
 [xeyakov (BacnXeods dirrjyyeXXov livpcp irepl tv}? /3ao-t- 
 Xeo>? GTpaTia^;. Kvpos Be crvyfcaXecras toik; o~TpaT7]- 
 <yoi>9 /cat Xo-^ayovs to)v 'EXXrfvcov o-vvef3ovXev€To Te 
 7ro>? av ttjv pid^rjv ttoloIto, real clvtos Trapyvei Sappd 
 
 3 vcov TOidBe. 9 /2 avBpes f/ EXXrjves, ov/c dvVpcoircoi 
 tLTropwv /3ap/3dpcov o-v/ijud^ov; v/ias ayto, dXXa, vojjll- 
 £cov dfietvovas teal icpeiTTOVS ttoXXcjv (3ap/3dpcov vfia^ 
 eivai, bid tovto TrpocreXapov. 07r&)? ovv ecreaue avbpes 
 
 «« * * ,4Ia4 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. YII. 23 
 
 aftot t?;? ehevuepias 979 fce/CTrjcrue Kai virep 97? u//,a? eyco 
 evBaijiovl^co. ev yap tare on rrjv eXevOeplav eXoifirjv 
 av dvrl ojv eyco , nrdvrwv /cat dXXcov TroWairXacrtcov. 
 err cos Be zeal elBfjre els olov epyeaOe^dycova, iyco v/ias 4 
 elBcos BiBd^co. to fiev yap ttXPjuos, 7ro\i> Kal Kpavyrj 
 7roWr} eirlaaiv av Be ravra dvacryrjcrde, rd dXXa /cal 
 alo-yyveaffdi fioi Bokm, olov 9 rffiiv yvaxreaOe rovs iv rrj 
 yo^pa ovras dvOpcoirovs. vjjloov Be dvBp'cov ovrcov /cal 
 eiiroKficov yevofievcov, iyco iificov -,rov fiev olicahe {3ov\6- 
 fievov dirievai rots ^ olkoi t,rfKcorov iroir^aco drreXOelv, 
 iroXkovs he olfiao Troirjcreiv rd Trap ifiol eXeadai dvrt 
 rcov olkoi. ivravOa Tavkirrjs irapcov, ' cpvyds Xdfiios K 5 
 iriarbs Be Kvpco, elire, Kal firyv, co Kvpe, Xeyovcri rives, 
 on 7roX\d VTricryvfj vvv Sid to iv roiovrco elvai rov 
 kivBvvov irpocriovros' av Be ev yevrirai ri,'ov fiefivrjcrdai 
 ere (ftacriv evioi Be oi>8\ ei fiefivcoo re /cal j3ov\oio 
 Bvvaa&ai dv diroBovvai oca viricryyri. aKovcras ravra 6 
 eXegev Kvpos, AXX eari fiev rjfiiv, co avopes, r) apyj] 
 1) irarpcoa Trpbs fiev fieo~r]fifipiav fiey^pi ov Sid Kavfxa ov 
 Bvvavrai ol/celv dvQpcoiroi, Trpbs Be dp/crov fiey^pi ov Bid 
 yeifichva' rd S' ev fiecrco rovrcov irdvrd crarpairevovcriv 
 01 rov e/jLov dBe\cpov cpc'Xoi. i)v cV iifiels viKijo-co/iev, 7 
 i)fias Bel roi)s r)fierepovs <pi\ovs rovrcov iyKparels iroii)- 
 crai. ware ov rovro BeBoi/ca, fir) ov/c e%co o, ri Bco 
 efedcrred rwv cpiXcov, dv ev yevrjrai, dXkd fir) ov/c e^o) 
 i/cavovs 0i9 Ba). v/jLO)v Be roiv *EKkr]VjdV Kal crrefyavov 
 e/edcrrep %pvcrbvv Bcoaco. 01 Be ravra d/covcravres avroi 8 
 re rjcrav iro\v TrpoOvfiorepoi /cal rots dXkoi? e'£i)yyeX- 
 Xov. elarjecrav Be 7rap' avrbv 01 re arparr\yol Kal rcov 
 dXXwv 'EXXtfvwv rives d^iovvres elBevai, ri a<picriv 
 ecrrai, idv Kpanjcrcocriv. 6 Be e[X7riif\ds drrdvrcov rr)v 
 yvd>fj,r}v direirejjiire. irapeKeXevovro Be avrS irdvres, 9 
 oaoiirep BieXeyovro, fir) fidyecrQai, dXX oiricrOev eavrcov 
 rdrrecrOai. ev Be rS Kaipw rovrw KXeap^ps c58e ireos 
 
24: xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 rjpero rbv Kvpov Oiei ydp croi fia^etcrOai, &> Kvpe, 
 rbv dBeX<pov ; Nr) AC , e<prj 6 Kvpos, elirep ye Aapelov 
 Kal UapvcrdriBb^ eari irais, e//.o? Be dBeX<fio<>, ovk 
 
 10 dfia^el ravr eyco XityopiaL. > evravda Brj ev rfj i%o- 
 ifXidia apiOfJbbs eyevero rcov fiev ^EXXtfvcov acnrls /ulv- 
 pla Kal rerpatcoaia, ireXracrral Be Bicr^lXLOi, Kal rrev- 
 raKoaioi, rcov Be puerd Kvpov ftapfidpodv BeKa puvpidBes 
 
 11 Kal ap/Jbara Bpeiravrjfybpa a/icftl rd €iko<ti. rcov Be 
 rroXepbicov eXeyovro elvat eKarbv Kal eiKocri pivpidBes 
 Kal apjiara Bperravrj^opa BiaKocria. aXXoi Be rjaav 
 e^aKio-yiXioi iirireis, cov 'Aprayepcrr)? ypx ev ' ovroi Be 
 
 12 rrpb avrov fiaaiXecos reray/ievoc rjaav./ rov Be fiacri,- 
 Xecos crrparev/naro^ rjaav ap^ovres Kal arparrjyol Kal 
 r/yefioves rerrapes, rpiaKovra fivpidBcov eKacrros, *A(Bpo- 
 KopLas, TiGcrafyepvris, Tco/3pva<;, 'Ap{3aKr]<;. rovrcov 
 Be irapeyevovro ev rfj /nd^y evevrjKovra pivpidBes Kal 
 
 - appear a Bpeiravrjfyopa eKarbv Kal rrevrrJKOvra' 'A/3po- 
 KOfias Be vcrreprjcre tt}? yu-a^? rjpbepas rrevre, Ik Qoivi- 
 
 13 K7]$ iXavvcov. ravra Be rjyyeXXov irpb$ Kvpov ol avro- 
 pLoXrjcravTes Ik rcov iroXepiioov irapa /neydXov ftacriXecos 
 7rpb rrjs /jbd^T)^, Kal fierd rr)v pudyrp) ol vcrrepov iXrj- 
 
 14 (f)07)crav rcov iroXepLLcov ravra rjyyeXXov. evrevQev Be 
 Kvpos itjeXavveo araOfibv eva, irapaadyyas rpefc, 
 avvrerayfievoo ra> arparevfiarL rravrl Kal rw 'EXXrj- 
 vikco Kal rep /3ap/3apiK(p' opero yap ravrrj rfj fjfiepa 
 fia^elaOai fiacnXea' Kara yap puecrov rbv aradfibv 
 rovrov retype? r)v opvKrrj (3a6ela, rb /jl£v evpos bpyvcal 
 
 15 irevre, rb Be ftddos, bpyvial rpels. irapereraro Be r) 
 rdefrpos dvco Bid rod ireBiov iirl BooBeKa Trapacrdyyas 
 p^kyjpi rov MrjBias refyov?. \ev6a Brj elaiv at Bico- 
 P v X e< >> ^ L7ro T °v Tlyprjros irorapbov peovaai' elcrl Be 
 rerrapes, rb fiev evpos rrXeOpialai, (BaOelai Be Icryy- 
 pebs, Kal irXola irXei ev avrals criraycoyd' elajBdXXovai 
 Be eh rbv Evcfrpdrrjv, BiaXeiirovcrb B eKaarrj irapa- 
 
BOOK I. CUAP. VII. VIII. 25 
 
 adyyrjv, yecpvpac S' eirei(nv.~\ rjv Be irapa tov Ev- 16 
 (ppdrrjv irdpoBos GTevr) [xera^v tov irorafiov Kal r^? 
 rdtfipov &>9 elfcoat ttoBwv to evpos' iavTr\v Be Trjv 
 rd(f)pov fiacriXevs /zeya? Troiel dvrl epvfiaTos, eVetS?) 
 irvvOdverat Kvpov irpoaeXavvovTa. tclvttjv Br) ttjv 17 
 irdpoBov Kvpos re Kal r) crrparta irapr)Xde koI eyiv- 
 ovto elcrco t?/9 rdtppo^j. ravrrj yev ovv rrj r)tiepci ovtc 
 i/xa^eaaro /3aai\ev<;, dX\? viroywpovvTozv (pave pa rjcrav 
 
 /COL LTTTTCDV Kal dvOpOOTTCOV iX vr ) TTOXXd. ivTClvdci KvpOS 18 
 
 XiXavbv KaXecras tov ^A/jL^pa/acor^v jjl^vtlv eBcoKev 
 avT(p BapetKovs rpLGftikiovs, otl ry evhekdrrj dir etcei- 
 vr)s rf]<> rjjiepa^ irpoTepov Qvopievos elirev avT<±>, on 
 (BacnXevs ov iq^yeiTai Se/ca rjyepoov, Kvpos 8' elirevy^iiz-k 
 Oufc dpa ere p.a^elTai, el ev Tavrais ov yayeiTai rats 
 rjiiepai?' eav S' dXrjOevo-rjs, viricryyovyLai aot Be/ca 
 rd\avra. tovto to %pvcrlov rore direBcoKev, eVel 
 iraprfkOov al Sifca r)fiepac. eirel S' eirl rfj rd<f)p(p ov/c 19 
 eKcoXve fiacrtXevs to Kvpov aTpaTev/ma Biaf3aiveiv, 
 eBotje /cat Kvpat Kal toIs dXXocs direyvwKevai tov /xd- 
 yeaQai' wcrre ttj vo~Tepala Kvpos eiropeveTo r)fxeXrj- 
 yuevms fiaXXov. TJ} Be TptTrj eiri re tov dpfiaTos kclOt)- 20 
 fievos tt]V irope lav eTroiecTO real oXlyovs ev Ta^ei e%cov 
 r /rpb avTov, to Be 7roXv avTu> dvaTeTapay fievov eiro- 
 peveTo teal tcov ottXwv tgis o~TpaTcd)TaL<; 7roXXd eirl 
 djma^cov rjyovTO teal viro^vyloiv. ^» 
 
 Kal rjBr) Te rjv dfufil dyopdv irXrjOovcrav teal 7rXrj- § 
 glov rjv 6 aTaOfibs ev6a e/xeXXe KaTaXveiv, r)vitea 
 naTrjryvas, dvrjp Ilepcrrjs, tcov afi<j>l Kvpov ttlcttcov, 
 TrpocpaLveTao iXavvcov dvd tcpaTG? IBpovvTO too i7r7r<p, 
 teal evdvs iracriv oh eveTvyyavev e(36a Kal /3ap{3api/cco<; 
 kol eXXrjvifccos, oti ftacriXevs gvv o-TpaTevfiaTi ttoXXco 
 TTpoaepyeTai a>9 et? /jbd^rjv Trapeo-teevacr/ievo^. evOa 2 
 Br) 7roXu9 Tapa-)(o<; iyeveTO' avTitca yap eBoKovv ol r/ E\- 
 Xr)ve<; teal irdvTes Be dTatCTOis acpLcnv eTriTreaelaOai. 
 
 9 
 
26 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 3 Kal Kvpos re KaraTrrjBrjG-as dirb rod dppbaros rbv Sco* 
 pcuca iviBv Kal avaftd? eirl rbv Xttttov ra rraXrd eh 
 rd$ %etyoa? e\a/3e, to2$ re aWois iraai rrap^yyeXkev 
 i^oifki^eaOai Kal KaOlcrraaOaL eh rr)v eavrod rd^cv 
 
 4 e/cacrTov. evOa Brj avv rroXkf) cnrovBf) KaOlaravro, 
 KXeapyps pbev ra Be^id rod /cipUros e^wz; rrpbs r<p 
 Evcfypdrrj irorapuw, Hp6£evo<s Be fyopievos, ol 8' aWot, 
 puera rovrov, Mevcov Be Kal rb arpdrevpba rb evcovvpbov 
 
 5 Kepas ea^e rod 'EWtjvikov. rcah Be ftapftapiKov lit- 
 rreh pbev Uafikayoves els %t\tov? rrapa KXeap^ov ecrrr)- 
 aav ev ra Be%t(p Kal rb 'EWrjviKtv ire~kracrriK6v, ev Be 
 to evcovvpLG) ^Apiaibs re 6 Kvpov vTrap^ps Kal rb dXko 
 
 6 j3apf3apiKov. Kvpos Be Kal ol htiteh 'qpvrov ocrov e%a- 
 Kocrioi oiifKLapbevoL &d>pa^o pbev avrol Kal rrapapbrjpiBiois 
 Kal Kpdveai rrdvres ifkr)v Kvpov Kdpos Be tyiXrjp 
 eyjsv rr)v KetyaXrjv eh rr)v pbd^rjv KaOlararo* \eyerai 
 Be Kal tou9 dXkovs Hepo~a<$ yjriXah rah KecpaXah ev 
 
 7 tg5 iro\epb(p BiaKLvBvvevecv. ol B' Xttttol irdvres ol puerd 
 Kvpov elypv Kal rr popper omriBia Kal rrpoarepvLBia* eiypv 
 
 8 Be Kal pbayalpas ol linreh 'EWrjvi/cd?, Kal rjBr) re rjv 
 fieo-ov r)p,epa<; Kal ovttcd Kara(paveh rjaav ol rroXepbioi • 
 rjvUa Be Bel\7] eyiyvero, e<f)dvr) Kovioprbs cocnrep ve(j)e\r) 
 XevKT), %pov(p Be ov av^vS varepov &o-7rep p,e\avia ri$ 
 ev to) ireBlco eirl iroXv. ore Be iyyvrepov eylyvovro, 
 rdya Br) koI yakKo? Tt? rjcrrpairre Kal al \6y%ai, Kal 
 
 9 al rdfjeis Kara^aveh eylyvovro. Kal rjcrav lirrreh pbev 
 XevKoOoopaKes eirl rod evcovvpbov ro)V rroXepbLcov Tiacra- 
 (pepvrjs eXiyero rovrcov dpyeiv i^opuevoi, Be rovrcov 
 yeppocpopoi, e^ppbevov Be orrXirai avv iroBrjpecri ^vklvais 
 dcnrlaiv, Alyvirrioi S' ovroi iXiyovro elvac dWoc B 
 linreh, dXkoi ro^orai' rrdvres S' ovroi Kara e6vr) ev 
 rfkaiGicp ifkrjpei dvOpcoircov eKaarov rb e6vo<$ eiropevero • f 
 
 10 irpb Be avrcjv appear a Bia\eirrovra crvyvbv diz dWtfXcov 
 rd Brj Bpeiravrjfyopa Kdkovpbeva' el^pv Be ra Bpeirava 
 
book i. chap. vni. 27 
 
 Ik tcov d^ovcov et? irXdyLov diroTeTapueva KaX vtto rot? Bl- 
 cf>pot<z €i? yrjv (3\e7rovTa, co? hiaKoirreLV otoo ivTvy^dvoLev. 
 7] Be yvcopn) yv o>9 eh Ta? ra£et9 tow ' EXXrjvoov eXo)VTa 
 KaX hiaKoy\rovTa. b fievTOi Kvpos elirev, ore /cakearasll 
 irapetcekevero rofc f 'EXXrjaL n)v Kpavyrjv tcov fiapfid- 
 pcov dveyeaQaL, i^evaOrj tovto ' ov yap Kpavyfj dXXa 
 crLyfj co? dvvarbv KaX yo-v^fj iv laoo KaX fipaBeoos irpoo-- 
 rjeaav. KaX iv tovtoj Kvpos irapeXavvoov avrbs crvv 12 
 HiyprjTL Top ep/jbrjvei KaX ccXXols rpiaXv rj rerrapac tw 
 KXedp^o i/36a wyeiv to crrpdrev/jLa Kara jxeaov to tcov 
 
 7ro\€fjLLQ)V, OTL 6K6L ftaGLXeVS £i7]' KCLV TOVT ', 6<p7], VLKCO- 
 
 fiev, iravd* rjfuv Treiroi^TaL. opcov Be 6 KXeap^os to 13 
 fjiiaov crTt^>o? KaX ukovcov Kvpov e^oo ovTa tov \^EXXt]- 
 vlkov] evcovvpiov (3acrikea' tocfovtov yap irXrjOeL TrepLrjv 
 /3a<jtXeu9 were fieaov tcov eavTov eyusv tov Kvpov 
 evcovvpiov etjco rjv dXX' o/zw? o KXeap-yos ovk i^OeXev 
 dTTOCTTrda-ai duo tov woTafiov to Befybv Kepas, fyofiov- 
 (Aevos fzrj kvkXco06L7] eKaTepooOev, rc3.Se Kvpcp direicplvaTO 
 otl avTop jneXoL oVa)? KaXcos e%ot. KaX iv tovtoo too 14 
 Kaipco to fJblv (3apfiapiKov crTpaTevfia opLaXoo? irporjei, 
 to Be 'EXXtjvlkov €tl iv too avToj puevov GvveTaTTeTO 
 ck tcov eTL irpoaibvTcov. KaX 6 Kvpo<$ irapeXavvoov ov 
 irdvv 7rpo? avToo too crTpaTevpaTL KaTeQeaTO eKaTepooae 
 a7roj3Xe7rcDV a? Te tovs iroXepbiov^ KaX tov? (frcXovs. 
 IBcov Be avTOV dirb tov 'EXXtjvlkov p,evo<fcoov 'AOrjvalos, 15 
 vireXdaas a)9 avvavTrjcrac rjpeTO, el tl irapayyeXXoL* 
 6 8' e7rtcrT7]cra? elwe KaX Xeyecv iKeXeve iracnv, otl kcl\ 
 tcl lepa KaXd KaX tcl aepdyea KaXd. TavTa Be Xeycov 16 
 QopvjBov rjKovae Boa tcov Ta^ecov Iovtos, KaX i'-jpeTO, 
 Tt? o ^opu/3o9 elrj. 6 Be KXeap^o^ elirev, otl to crvv- 
 Orjfia irapepyeTai BevTepov 77S77. KaX 09 iOavfiacre, Tt9 
 irapayyeXXei, KaX 1'ipeTO, 6, tl ecrj to avvOrjfia. 6 S' 
 direKpivaTO otl Zevs acoTTjp KaX vckt], yf 6 Be Kvpos 17 
 aKOvaas, 'AXXa Be^opuaL Te, ecf>7), KaX tovto ecrTco. 
 
28 SENOPHON S ANABASIS. 
 
 ravra S' elircbv eh rrjv iavrov yozpav dinqXavve* /cat 
 ovk£tc rpla rj rirrapd GTaBia BieL^eTTjv to) (pdXayye 
 air dXXijXcov, rjviica liraiaviCpv re ol "EXXqves Kal 
 
 18 irpo-qpyovTO clvtloi Ikvai Toh 7roXe{JLioL<;. &>9 Be iropev- 
 ofJuevcDv eteicvpbaive ti tt}? cpdXayyos, to eirCXeaTopLevov 
 rjp^aro 8p6fi(p Qeiv teal d[ia i(p6ey^avro irdvres, olov- 
 irep tS "EwaXlw eXeXi^ovai, Kal irdvres Be edeov. 
 Xeyovcn Be rives, &>? teal tclls aairlcrL rrpos tcl Sopara 
 
 .*9 eSoi)7T7]crav cpofiov Troiovvres Toh Ittttois. irplv Be 
 ro^ev/ia e^iKvelaQai e.KKkLvov<Jiv ol {3dp/3apoi Kal cfiev- 
 yovcri. v teal evravOa Br) iBlco/cop p,ev Kara tepdros ol 
 "EXkrjves, ejBocov Be dXkrfkois fir) Selv Bpofiw, aXh! ev 
 
 20 rd^eo eireaOai. tcl 8* apfiaTa ecpepovTO tcl fiev 8u 
 avTwv twv TToXe/JLLCov, tcl Be Kal Blcl tcov 'EXXrjVCOV 
 tceva 7}vibyj£V. ol 8' eirel irpotBoiev, BilaTavTO' eo~Ti 
 8* oaTis Kal KaTekrjfyOrj [oiairep ev lirTToBpojKxi] eKirXa- 
 yeh' Kal ovBev puevTOi ovBe tovtov iraOelv ecpaaav, 
 cvo aXXos be to)z> sLXXi]vo)V ev Tavrrj tjj fia^y eirauev 
 ovBeh ovBev, ttXt]v eirl tc3 evcovvfico To^evdrjvaL Tt? 
 
 21 eXeyero. Kvpo$ S' opcov tovs r/ EXX7]va<; vaccovTas to 
 K'a6' aliTovs Kal BicoKOVTas, rjBopLevo? Kal irpoGKVvov- 
 ixevos 77877 &>? fiacriXevs viro tcov dfi^ avTov, ovB* co? 
 e^rj^Orj Bicb/ceLV, dXXa crvvea7reLpa/jLev7]v eywv rrjv to)v 
 avv eavrS e^aKoatcov LTTirecov Ta^iv eirepLeXelro, o, tl 
 
 * TTOirjaeL (BaaiXevs. Kal yap fjBei avTov on fiecrov e)/oc 
 
 22 tov UepcriKov crTpaTevjiaTOS. Kal irdvTes 8' ol twv 
 /3ap{3dpcov apypvTes jjuecrov e^ovres to avTcov r)yovvTai y 
 vojJul^ovTes ovtco Kal ev da^dkeaTaTcp elvai, t)v fj rj 
 lo~)(ys avToyv exaTepcoOev, Kal el tl TrapayyeZXai XPV~ 
 t,otev, ev rj/ALcret, av yjiovw alaOdveaOai to crTpdrev/j^a. 
 
 2o Kal /Sacrikevs Br) Tore fieorov e-^cov ri}? avTov arpaTia^ 
 ofJLcos e^co iyeveTO tov Kupov eucovvfiov KepaTos. hrel 
 Be ovBels avTa> i/jbd^eTO Ik tov dvTiov ovBe tol<; avTov 
 TeTayfjLevois efiirpoaBev, eireKapiTTTev co? eh kvkXcog'lv. 
 
book i. cnAP. viii. — ix. 29 
 
 ev6a Sr) Kvpos Selaas fir) oTuadev yev6[ievo<z KaraKO-^rrj 24 
 to 'EWyvLtcbv iXavvet uvtlos' teal ififiaXoov crvv rot? 
 ^ €%atcocrioi<$ vitca tou? Trpb {3ao-i\eco<; rerayfievovs teal 
 ei? (fivyijv erpe^jre tov$ k^ateicr^Ckiov^, teal dirotcTelvai, 
 XiyeraL avrbs tjj kavTOv %£i<pl 'Aprayepcrrjv tov dp- 
 yovia avTcov. v ct>9 S' y Tpoiry iyevero, hiaoriretpovTai 25 
 kol ol Kvpov k^atebcnoi el<$ to Siajteecv opfiijcravTes, 
 irXyv irdvv oXcyoc a/aft avTov tcaTekeLtfrdrjcrav, a^eSbv 
 ol o/jLOTpdjre^ot, tcaXovfievoc. avv tovtols Se cbv Ka0opa2Q 
 /3ao~tXia teal to cl/jl^ itcelvov ctt^cx?* teal evOvs ovtc 
 r}vicr%eTO, aX\? eliroov, Tbv dvBpa opco, l€to eV clvtov 
 teal iraUi tcaTa to GTepvov teal TiTpooateeo Sid tov 
 Sciopatcos, w? <p7]crL K.T7)crLa<; 6 laTpcs, teal laaOai avTos 
 to Tpav/id (p7]crt. iralovTa 8' clvtov dteovTi%ei Tt? iraX-21 
 too virb tov ofyOaXfibv fiialoos • teal tVTavda fia^o/juevoo 
 teal /3acnXev<; teal Kvpos teal ol d/^Kp 1 avTOvs virep ktea- 
 Tepov, OTroaol fiev toov dfujn (3acriXea direOvrjcncov 
 -Kr^cr/a? Xeyec Trap' etcelvto yap yv Kvpo? h)e avTOS 
 T€ direOave ical oteToo ol dpiGTOi toov Trepl avTov eteeiVTO 
 67r avToo. ' ' ApTairdTY)^ 8' 6 iricrTOTaTOS avToo tcov2S 
 cncyiTTOvywv Sepdiroov XkyeTai, iirecBr) ireirTCDtcoTa eTBe 
 Kvpov, KaTanrrjhrjaa^ dirb tov Ilttttov irepiireo-elv avToo. 
 /cal ol fjiev cj)aac (3acriXea tceXevcrat Tiva hria^d^ai 29 
 avTov Kvp(p, ol 8 eavTov eirio~(pd^do~6ai oTraadfievov 
 tov dfcivdfcrjv' el^e yap yjovaovv, teal crTpeirTov 8e 
 iejoopei, teal tyeXia teal ^dXXa cocTrep ol dpio~TOi Uep- 
 
 0~6oV iT€TLfji7]TO ydp V7TO KvpOV $b* 6VV0ldv T6 KOI 
 
 > 
 7TCaT0T7]Ta. ^-» 
 
 Kvpos fiev ovv ovtcos iTekevTTjaev, dvrjp tov Hep- 9 
 crebv T(hv fieTa Kvpov tov dpyaiov yevo/jiivcov fiacnXc- 
 tccoTaTos T6 teal dp^ecv d^ccoTaTO 1 ^, w? irapd irdvTcov 
 6[xo\oyeiTai tcov Kvpov SoteovvTcov iv irelpa yeveaOai. 
 irpcjTOV fiev yap cto irals tbv, ot iirauheveTO teal crvv 2 
 too aoe\<f>q) teal avv rot? aXXots Tratal, irdvTcov irdvTa 
 
30 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 3 KpariGTOs evopul^ero. rrdvres yap oi rlbv dplcrrcov JJep- 
 crcbv 7raZBes errl rals (BaatXecos Svpacs rraiBevovrai • evda 
 ttoXXjjv fiev <TC0<ppQ<JVV7)v Karapbd0oi av res, alcryjpbv S' 
 ovoev ovr aKovaai ovr ibetv ear-is Sewvrai o oi rratoes 
 Kal tovs Ttucofievovs vtto jSa&lXecos teal arcovovcrt,, fcal 
 aUov? dripa^opuevovs' (bare evOvs rraZBes 6We? p,av- 
 
 5 Qdvovavudp^eiv re Kal apyeaQai. evOa Kvpos alBrj- 
 ^ jiovearafos /xev rrpoirov rcov rjXcKtcorcbv eBo/^eo elvai, 
 
 roZs re rr pea (Byre poi<$ real rebv eavrov viroBeearepcov 
 fiaXXov rreWeaOac, erreira Be fyiXiTnrbraros Kal rot? 
 nrirois apiara ^prjaOai' e/cpivov $' avrov Kal rebv eh 
 rbv rroXefjiov epycov, ro^iKrjs re Kal aKovrlaew^, <f>tXo- 
 
 6 fiaOeorrarov elvao Kal pieXerriporarovV errel Be rfj 
 rfkcKLO, eirpeire, Kal (piXoOrjporarps rjv Kal irpbs ra &7]~ 
 pla jJbevroi <fri,XoKivBvv6raro$. Kal ap/crov irore em- 
 (pepofiivrjv ovk erpeaev, dXXa avpureacov KarearrdaQt) 
 dirb rov Ittttov, teal ra fiev eiraOev, wv Kal ra? GdreCkas 
 dj>avepa<; el%e, reXo? Be fcare/cave- KciLrbv irpcbrov pbiv- 
 
 7 roi /3o7j0)](Tavra 7roXXoZ<; piaKapiarov eiroLrjaev. eirel 
 Be Kareirepb^Or) virb rov rrarpbs aarpanrif]^ AvBlas re 
 /cat <$?pvyia<; rrjs /AeydXTjs teal KairrraBoKLas, arparr)yb<$ 
 Be Kal rrdvrcDV aireBefydr], ot? KaQr\Kei els KaarcoXov 
 rreBiov dOpol^eaOai, rrpebrov fiev eireBeu^ev avrov on 
 rrepl rrXelarov rroioZro, el rco airelaairo Kal el ra> avv- 
 
 8 Oolro Kal el rep viroayxuro ri, fiijBev ^evBeaOac. Kal 
 yap ovv errlarevov puev avra> al rroXeis eTrirpeirofievat, 
 iirlarevov S' ol avBpes • Kal el ns rroXepuios iyevero, crirei- 
 aapbevov Kvpov eiriareve pur)Bev av irapa ra? airovBa^ 
 
 9 iraOelv. roiyapovv eirel Tiaaa^epvei e7ro\epL7)cre, rraaai 
 al iroXeis eKovaai Kvpov elXovro dvri Ticrcratyepvovs 
 rrXrjv MiXrjo-icov ovrot Be, on ovk rjdeXe robs (pev- 
 
 IQyovra? rrpoecrOai, e<pofSovvro avrov. Kal yap epyep 
 eireBeiKwro Kal eXeyev, on ovk av irore rrpoocro, eirei 
 dira^ (friXos avrols iyevero, ouS' el ere fiev p,eloV$ 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. IX. 31 
 
 yevoivro, ere Be /cd/ccov rrpa^eiav. <pavepb$ B rjv /cal 11 
 el Tt? re dyadbv rj /ca/cbv rronjcreiev avrov, vlkclv Tretpco- 
 jjbevos' /cal ev'xfjv Be rives avrov e£i(f)epov, &>? evyoiro 
 rocrovrov yjpbvov ^r)v, eare vlkwt] ical rovs ev /cal rovs 
 /ca/cw? irotovvras dXe^bpievos. /cal yap ovv rrXelaroi 12 
 Brj avrcp evi ye dvBpl ro)V e<fi r)[i6dv e7re9vfi7]crav teal 
 Xprffjuara /cal 7r6A,et? ica\ ra eavrcov crcb/jLara rrpoeaOai. 
 ov [iev Br) ovBe rovr dv Tt? eliroi, &>? rovs /ca/covpyovs 1 3 
 koX aBifcovs ela icarayeXdv, dXX' d<peiBecrrara rrdvrcov 
 irLfjbcopelro. 7roWa/a? 8' r)v IBelv rrapa m? areifio- 
 fxeva<; oBovs /cal ttoBwv koX yeipwv /cal ocpOaX/icov are- 
 po/xevovs av6 panrovs ' &o~r ev rfj Kvpov dpxu eyevero 
 teal "EXXrjvi, zeal /3ap/3dpw jjurjBev dBiKovvri aBeoos tto- 
 pevearOai brrot t£? rjdeXev, e^pvn o, re rrpoywpoir). 
 too? ye jxevroi dyadovs eh rrbXepbov wfioXbyr)ro Bta- 14 
 (f)ep6vrG>$ rc/xdv. ical nrpayrov fiev rjv avrS irbXepLos 
 7too? IIoalBa<; ical -MWov?* arparevofievo^ ovv /cal 
 avrbs eh ravra? rds y&pas oi)? ecopa eOeXovra^ klvBv- 
 veveiv, rovrovs ical dp^pvra^ eiroleL rjs tear ear pe(pero 
 Xcopas, erreira Be ical aXXrj Bcopots eri\ia % ware cf)al-l5 
 veaQai rovs fiev dyaOovs evBatfioveardrov;, roix; Be 
 /caicovs BovXovs rovrcov d^covv elvai. roiyapovv irdKKr) 
 rjv d<f)0ovia avra> rcov SeXovroov tcivBvveveiv, orrov rt? 
 oloiro Kvpov ala6r]aea6ai. el? ye fjurjv Biicaioavvrp) el 16 
 Ti? avr£> (fiavepbs yevocro eiriBel/cvvaQai {3ovX6/ievos, 
 Trepi iravrbs eiroLelro rovrovs rrXovauoorepov^ rroielv 
 rcov i/c rov dBlicov <piXo/cepBovvrcov. /cal yap ovv aXka 17 
 re 7roXXa Bacams avrcp Bie^eipl^ero teal arparev/narc 
 dXrjdova) e^prjeraro. /cal yap arparrjyol /cal Xo^ayol 
 ov xp7]/u,dr(ov <~ve/ca 7r^o? e/celvov €7r\evaav, a)OC eirel 
 eyvwcrav /cepBaXecorepov elvat, Kvpco /caXo)<$ TreiQapyeiv 
 r] ro /cara /xr/va /cepSo?. dXXa [i7]v el Tt? ye re avroo 18 
 irpoara^avrt /caXo*)? vTTr)perr)crei,ev, ovBevl rro^irore dyd- 
 piQ-rov elaae rr)v irpoQvyilav. roiyapovv Kpdricrroi Br) 
 
32 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 VTrrjperai ttclvtos epyov Kvpco eXe^Oijcrav yeveaOat* 
 
 19 el Se TLva opcpr) Seivhv ovra ol/covo/jlov e/c rod Si/calov 
 /cal /carcKT/ceud^ovrd re 979 &PX oi %<%>&? Ka l TrpocroSovs 
 ttqiovvtcl, ovoiva dv 7T(£>7Tore dcpelXeTO, dX)C del ivXeico 
 TrpocreSiSov "Vojcrre /cal rjSecog eirbvovv /cal SappaXecos 
 e/CTcovTO /ecu, b eireiraTo av rt? tf/acrTa Kvpov e/cpvTTTev 
 ov <ydp cpOovcov rot? tyaveptos irXovTovtnv icpalvero, 
 flXXa ireip(£>ixevo^ %prjo-0ai tols tcov aTrd/cpvirTopievcov 
 
 20 ^pijfjbacr 1. cpiXovs ye firjv ocrovs TroirfcraiTO /cal evvovs 
 yvoiiq ovra<; /cal i/cavovs Kpiveie crvvepyovs elvai 6, n 
 Tvyyjwoi fiovXofievos Karepyd^ecrOcu, ofidkoyelrai irpos 
 
 21 irdvTcov fcpdrccTTOS Srj yeveadai Qepaireveiv. ical yap 
 avrb tovto, ovirep avrbs eve/ca cplXcov (pero SelcrOai, 
 a)? crvvepyovs eyoi, teal avrhs eTretparo crvvepybs toI$ 
 <j)i~\oL<$ fcpdrccTTOs elvai tovtov otov e/cacrTOv alcrOd- 
 
 22 volto eTTiOvpLovvTa. Scopa Be irXelcrTa fiev olfiac el? 
 ye cov dvrjp eXd/jb/3ave Sid nroXXd' ravra Se irdvTcov 
 Sr\ fidXicrra to2s cplXois SieSlSov, ttjOO? tovs rpoirovs 
 e/cdo~TGV cr/coircov real otov [idXicrTa opepj] e/cacrrov Seo- 
 
 23 fievov. /cal ocra rep crco/ian avrov /coct/jlov irepuroi Tt? 
 r) co? els 7ro\e/iov 7) &>? et? /caXXco7no~pi6v, /cal wepl 
 tovtcov Xeyeiv avrbv ecpacrav, on to puev eavTov crcofia 
 ov/c av SvvaiTO tovtov iracri tcoo-pu7]Qr\vai, (f>lXov$ Se 
 
 r /caXcbs /ce/coo-pL7]/jievovs fieyicrTOV /coapuov dvSpl vopui^oi. 
 
 24 /cal to jjuev Ta pueydXa vi/cdv tovs cplXovs ev iroiovvTii 
 ovSev QavpiacrTov, eTreiSrj ye /cal SvvaTCQTepos rjv to Se 
 Trj eiTipbeXeia irepielvai tcov cfrlXcov /cal tco TrpoOvpuelaOai 
 yapi^etrQai, Tavra epuoiye puaKkov So/cel dyacrTa elvai. 
 
 25 Kvpos yap eirepLire fii/covs gcvov rfpaSeels 7roXXd/ci<>, oiroTe 
 irdvv rjSvv Xd/3oi, Xiycov oti ovttco Srj 7roXXov yjibvov 
 tovtov rjSiOVi oivcp eiriTvyoi' tovtov ovv crol eire^-tye 
 /cal SeiTai gov Trjpiepov tovtov e/cmelv crvv oh fidXiOTa 
 
 26 cpiXeis. 7ToXXd/ci<> Se yrpjas rjpajBpcoTOv^ eirepbTre koi 
 cipTcov rjpbicrea /cal dXXa TOiavra, eirCKerjeiv /ceXevcov 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. IX. X. 3 
 
 tov tyepovra' Tovtols 7)0-67] Kvpo?' (3ovk€Tai ovv real 
 ere tovtcov yevaaaOai. oirov Be ^tXo? airdvios irdvv 27 
 €17], avrbs S' iSvvaro Trapao-KevdaaaQai Bid to iroX- 
 Xovs fyew VTT7]peTCL<; Kal Bid tt)v eTripueXeiav, Biairepb- 
 ttcov i/ceXeve tov? (plXovs rot? ra eavTcov o-co/iara 
 dyovcnv Xirirois ipbjBdXXeiv tovtov tov yCkbv, co? jit) 
 ireivwvTes tovs eavrou tylXow? dyeoenv. el Be B?] irore 28 
 iropevoLTO Kal TrXeicrTOC pueXXoiev otyecrOai, Trpoa/caXcov 
 tou? (f>iXov<; ecnrovBaioXoyeiTO, &)? BtjXolt] oi>? rtfia. 
 cocrre eycoye it; o)v ukovco ovBeva Kplvco V7rb irXeibvwv 
 iretyikrjcrOaL ovre ' 'EWtjvcov oure {3ap/3dpcov. Te/cfjLi'ipiov 29 
 Be tovtov Kal ToBe. irapd puev Kvpov BovXov 6Wo? 
 ovBels a/iry€i 7rpo? /3aciXea, ttXtjv 'OpovTas eTre^ecpijae • 
 Kal outo9 &t] bv o)€to tticttov ol elvai Ta^v avTov evpe 
 Kvpco cfiiXatTepov t) eavTcp ■ irapa Be fiao-iXecos ttoXXoI 
 7rpbs Kvpov diT7]kQov, eireiBi] iroXepaoi dXXtfXois eye- 
 vovto, Kal ovtoi ]ikvTOi ol fidXtaTa vir avTov dyarrco- 
 fjuevoi, vofJLi^ovTe^ irapa Kvpcp oWe? dyaOol d^LCDTepas 
 dv Tt]Ar)<; Tvyydveiv t) Trap a fiacriXel. pueya Be TeKpLr]- 30 
 piov Kal to ev Ty TeXevTj} tov (Blqv avTcp yevopievov, 
 OTi Kal avTos t)v dyaQbs Kal Kpiveiv bp6&<; eBvvaTO 
 TOU5-7Tt(TTOU? Kal evvovs Kal (3ej3aiov<$. diroOvrjo-KovTOS 31 
 yap avTov irdvTes ol Trap avTov (plXoi Kal avvTpd- 
 ire^oi direOavov iiayopuevoi virep Kvpov 7tXt)v 'Apialov 
 ovto? Be TeTaypLevos eTvyyavev eirl Tcp evcovvpL(p tov 
 hririKOv dpywv a>? 8' fjaOeTO Kvpov TreTTTOOKOTO,, 
 etfivyev eywv Kal to o-TpaTevpua irdv, ov TjyetTO. 
 
 'EvTavOa By) Kvpov diroTepuveTai t) KecpaXl] Kali) %e\p 10 
 t) Betjid. /3acriXev<; Be Kal ol avv avTco Blcdkcov ela- 
 TriTTTei eh to Kvpeiov GTpaTOireBov' koX ol fiev pLeTa 
 ^Apialov ovKeTi XorT^VTai, dXkd <pevyovo-i Bid tov av- 
 tcov (TTpaTOTreBov eU tov GTaOpuov, evOev cop/j,7]VTO' 
 TCTTapes B , ekeyovTO nrapaadyyai elvai tt)<z oBov. 
 Bacrikevs Be Kal ol avv avTcp Ta re dX\a iroXXd 2 
 
 2* ' 
 
34 senophon's anabasis. J 
 
 Bvapird^ovcn Kal tt]V $coKa(Ba ttjv Kvpov 7raXXaKtBa 
 
 3 TTjv.crocjirjv Kal KaXrjv Xeyopuevrjv elvai Xapbfidvei. f) Be 
 M.CK7](Jia rj vewrepa Xrj^Oeiaa iiirb tcov dficpl jBaaCkea 
 i/c<fievy€L yvfivrj 7rpb<z tcov c EXXijvcov ot eTvyov ev rot? 
 cr/cevocpopoLS oirXa eyovres, Kal dvTiTayQevTes ttoXXovs 
 fiev T&v dpira^ovTwv r direKTeivav, ol Be /cal avTcov 
 direOavov ov purjv eepvyov ye, dXXa Kal ravTiqv eacocrav 
 teal akXa oirocra eWo9 avTcov real ^pr/fiara Kal dvOpco- 
 
 4 ttoi eyevovTO irdvra ecrcocrav. evravOa Biecryov aXkrj- 
 Xcov (BacnXevs re teal ol e/ EXX7]ve$ co? rpid/covra ardSca, 
 ol {Jbev BicoKovTes tov<$ /ca9* avTdvs &>9 irdvras vtKcovTes, 
 
 5 ol B^ dpird^ovre^ o>? t^St? irdvres vt/ccovres. eirel S' 
 fjcrOovTO ol puev (f E\Xr}ves, on (BacnXevs crvv tco crrpa- 
 TevpuaTi ev roZ? crKevocpopots etrj, fiacrcXevs S' av tf/covae 
 Ticrcracpepvovs, ore ol r/ EX\,7]ves viKcpev to /ca6' avrovs 
 /cal ei'9 to irpoaOev olypvTai BcooKOVTes, evTavOa Brj 
 (BacnXevs puev dOpoi^eu Te tcu9 eavTov /cal crvvTaTTeTai, 
 6 Be KXeapyos e/3ovXeveTO Upo^evov KaXeaas ifK^aiai- 
 Taro9 yap r/v, el irepLTroiev Tiva<$ 7} irdvTe^ Xoiev eirl to 
 
 6 CTTpaToireBov dprj^ovTeSy ev tovtco ical (3acnXevs BijXos 
 r]V irpocricbv irdXiv, a»9 eBoKei, oinaOevA /cal ol puev r 'EX- 
 Xr]ve^ crTpacpivTes irapecrKevd'CpvTO &>9 TavTrj irpocrtovTO^ 
 Kal Be^opuevoo, 6 Be /3acn,Xev$ TavTrj plv ovk rjyev, fj Be 
 iraprjXOev e^co tov eucovvpbov /cepaTos, TavTrj Kal aTrrjya- 
 yeVy dvaXa(3tov /cal tol-'9 ev tjj p<dyr) icaTa tov$ e/ EXXr)va$ 
 avTopuoXijcravTas Kal Ti,crcracpepv7]V Kal tovs crvv avTco. 
 
 7 6 yap Ticrcra(pepv7]<$ ev ttj irpd>Tr) crvvoBu) ovk eebvyev, 
 dWd Bi7]\aae irapd tov iroTapbbv KaTa rou9 tr EXkyvas 
 TreXTaGTas' BceXavvcov Be KaTeKave puev ovSeva, Bca- 
 crTavTes S' ol r EXkrjves eiraiov Kal r/KOVTi^ov avTOvs* 
 ^EirtcrOevTf]^ Be ^A^lttoXltt]^ %>%e tcjv 7re\TacrTcov Kal 
 
 8 eXeyeTO (fipovipios yeveaOai. 6 S' ovv Ticrcra(pepvr)<} W9 
 puelov eyjAV aTrrjXXdyr], irdXiv piev ovk dva&T picket, els 
 Be to GTpaTOTreBov d^iKopLevo^ to tcov 'EXXijvcov eKel 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. X. 35 
 
 avvTvyyavei /3acn\ec, /cal 6/jLov hrj ttoKlv avvTa^d/xevoc 
 eTTopevovro. iwel 8' rjaav Kara to evcovv/Jiov tcov *E\- 9 
 \tjvo)V fcepas, eheiaav ol "EWrjves, fir) irpocrdyoiev 7rpb<s 
 to fcepas /cal irepiiTTV^avTes a/jLcporepcoOev avrovs /cara- 
 tco^eiav ical iho/cec avTols dvairrvaaeiv to icepas ical 
 TroLTjo-aaOat, oiricrdev tov irorafiov. ev o5 he ravra 10 
 ijBovKevovro ical hr) j3acri\ev<; irapa/jiei'^rdfievos eh; to 
 clvto o-'xfj/jLa KaTeaTTjo-ev dvTiav tt)v cpdXayya, wenrep 
 to irp6)TOV fJLa^ovfJLevos orvvr]eC. o>9 he elhov ol tf E\- 
 Xrjves eyyvs Te ovtcls ical TrapaTeTay/xevovs, avQis 
 waLavLaavTes errrjea-av 7ro\v €Tt irpoOvpuoTepov r) to 
 Trpoadev. ol 8' av fidpfiapoi ovk ehe^ovTO, aX)C e/cll 
 irXeovos rj to irpoaOev ecpevyov ol £' eirehicoKov fie^po 
 kco/jltis twos' evTdvOa 8' eaTTjaav ol "EWrjves' V7rep\2 
 yap ttjs kw/jL^ y7]\ocj)0<z rjv, ecf) ov dveaTpafyrjcrav ol 
 d/ui(f)l ftaaCkea, ire^ol puev ovKeTi, tcov he hnrewv 6 
 \6(]>o$ iveTrXtfcrOr), cbo~Te to Troiovp,evov fir) yiyvd>o~Keiv. 
 koX to {3ao~l\ecov arj/ielov bpdv ecpa&av, deTov Tiva 
 yjpvaovv eVl irekTrjs [eVt %vkov\ dvaTeTapuevov. eirel 13 
 he zeal evTCivO* i^copovv ol r/ E\\rjves, Xeiirovcn hr) koX 
 tov \6(pov ol f7r7ret?* ov firjv eTi dOpoot, dXh! oXkob 
 dXkoOev iyjrtXovTO £' 6 Ao<£o? tcjv lirirecDV Tekos he 
 ical irdvTes dTre^dyprjcrav. 6 ovv KXeapyos ovk dvej3l- 14 
 fia^ev eirl tov \6<pov, d)OC virb clvtov GTiqaas to 
 crTpaTevfia ire/jLTrec Avklov tov Xvpcucocriov Kal aXXov 
 eTrl tov \6<pov teal KeXeveb KaTihovTas tcl virep tov 
 Xocpov t'l eaTiV dirayyelXai. teal 6 Avklos rfkacre Te 15 
 teal Ihcbv dirayyeXXei, otl cpevyovcriv dvd KpaTOS. o~%£- 
 hbv h OTe TavTa rjv /cal r/\to? ihveTO. evTavQa h' 16 
 eo~T7]crav ol f/ EX\.7]ve$ /cal Qefievot tcl oirka dveiravovTO* 
 ical dfxa /xev eOavfia^ov, otc ovhajjiov Kvpos tyaivoiTO 
 ovh' aWo? orr' avTOv ovhel? irapelr)' ox) yap fjhecrav 
 ai)Tov TeOvrj/coTa, aXV ei/ca&v rj hiwtcovTa olyeaQai r) 
 KaTaXrj-^ro/xevov tl 7rpoeXrj\aicevai' ical avTol e/3ov- 17 
 
36 xeitophon's anabasis. 
 
 XevovTO, el avrov fietvavTes ra aicevocpopa ivravOa 
 dyoivTO tj air to Lev eirl to crTpaToireBov. eBo^ev ovv 
 avrols aiTievai' ical afyiicvovvTai dfi<f)l BopirrjaTov eirl 
 
 18TO-9 O-fCTJvds. TaVTTjS /JL6V TTJS TjJjLepa? TOVTO TO TeXoS 
 
 iyeveTO. tcaTaXaybftdvovcri Be t&v Te aXXcov ^prj/naTcov 
 to, ifkelcrTa Baqpirao-yukva ical el to ctltlov r) ttotov rjv, 
 ical to? d/id^as, fiecrTa? dXevpcov ical olvov, as nrape- 
 cr/cevdaaTO Kvpos, tva, el iroTe crcpoBpd to crTpaTev/xa 
 Xd(Soi evBeia, BiaBolrj tols "EXXtjctlv r\o~av 8' clvtcli 
 b^C- jjY; TeTpaicoaiai, cos eXeyovTO, dfid^ac ical TavTas TOTe ol 
 19 avv (BacnXeZ Bajpiraaav. wcrre aheLTrvob rjaav olirXel- 
 gtoi tcov ^EXXrjvcov rjaav Be teal dvdpccrTOi' irplv yap 
 Br] tcaTaXvcrai to CTpaTev/ia 77-/509 dpicrTov j3aaiXevs 
 i<J)dv7]. TavTTjv pbev ovv ttjv vvKTa ovtco BieyevovTo. 
 
 BOOK II. 
 
 1 *£ls fiev ovv rjOpolcrdr} Kvpa) to 'EXXtjvlicov, otc 
 eiTi tqv dBeXcpbv 'ApTa^eptjr/v iaTpaTeveTo, /cal oaa ev 
 tj} dvoBco eTrpd^Qii Ka\ &)? rj fid%r/ iyeveTO teal go? 
 Kvpos eTe~kevT7)cre ical co? eTrl to aTpaTQireBov eXOovTes 
 ol "EXXrjves etcoijJbriO rjaav olojJbevou tcl irdvTa viicav teal 
 
 2 Kvpov $)v, ev too epuirpocrOev Xoycp BeBrfkcoTai. d[ia Be 
 Tjj y/jLepa avveX66vTes ol aTpaTr/yol iOav/ia^ov, qtl 
 Kvpos ovTe dXXov 7rifL7rec ar)[iavovvTa } o, tl %pr) iroc- 
 
 \ ecv, ovTe avTos (patvocTO. eoo^ev ovv avTots avenceva- 
 aapbevois a elypv ical e^oirXtaG^jievois Trpolevai els to 
 
 3 TrpoaOev, ecos Kvp(p avfjifjul^eiav. r)Brj Be ev oppby ovtcov 
 d[Jba fiXi<x) dvicyyovTi rjXOe FlpofcXrjs o TevOpavias dp- 
 %cov, yeyovcos diro AajJiapaTOV tov Adiccovos, ical TXovs 
 6 Ta/Jbd). ovtoi eXeyov oti Kvpos fiev Tedvrj/cev, " Apialos 
 Be Tretpevycos ev tg> o~Ta6[im elrj fieTa tcov dXXcov /3ap- 
 
BOOK II. CHAP. I. 37 
 
 jddpcov bOev rfj irporepaia cop/jirjVTO, teal Xeyoi otl tclv- 
 ttjv [xev T7)V r/jjuepav Trepifieivetev dv clvtovs, el fieXXoiev 
 r\teeiv, rfj Be dXXrj amikvai (fcalr) eirl 'Icovias, odevirep 
 rjXOe. ravra dtcovcravTes oi CTparrjyol teal oi.aXK.oi 4 
 "EXXrjves 7tvv6clv6[jl€vol /Sapecj? e<pepov. KXeapyos Be 
 rdBe elirev. *AXX' cocfreXe fiev Kvpos 'Cjqv • eirel Be rere- 
 XevrrjKev, dirayyeXXere ^Apiatw, otl r)/j,eh vitcuipLev re 
 Ba&iXea, teal, &)? opare, ovBeh en tj/jlIv {lateral, teal el 
 jut) vjneh rfkOere, eTropevo/JLeOa dv eirl (3ao~iXea. eiray- 
 yeXXo/ieda Be 'Aptadp, edv ev6dBe eX6rj, eh tov Qpovov 
 tov (BaalXeiov teadielv clvtov ■ tcov yap /^d^y vikcovtcdv 
 teal to dpyeiv earl, tclvt eliroov diroGTeXkeb tovs dyye- 5 
 Xou? teal crvv avToh Xecpto-ocpov tov Adtewva teal Me- 
 vcova tov SeTTakov. teal yap avrbs Mevcov e/3ovXeTO • 
 rjv yap (plXos teal %evo$ ^Apiaiov. oi jjuev ay-^ovTO, 6 
 KXeap-xps Be Tzepiepieve. to Be crTpdrev/ia eiropi^eTO v 
 alrov 07ra)? eBvvaTO etc twv vTro^vyccov, tcoiTTOVTes tovs 
 /Sou? teal ovovs' %vXoi<; 8' e^pcovTo 3 fjbitcpbv irpolovres 
 anro tt}$ (fiaXayyos ou y fid^rj iyeveTO, Toh re olo~Toh 
 iroXkoh ovcriv, ovs r)vdytea£ov oi "EXXrjve? etcfidXXeiv 
 tous avrojJLoXovvTas irapd ^aaiXeco^, teal Toh yeppocs 
 teal Tat? dairtaL Tat? %vXivaL<$ rat? AlyviTTLai^' iroXXal 
 Be teal ireXTao teal dfia^ao rjorav <pepea0aL epr^ioi' oh 
 irdcri ^pcofievoi tcpea e^fovre^ r)a6iov i/eeivrjv tyjv rj/jbe- 
 pav. teal rjBr) re rjv irepl irXrjQovaav dyopdv teal ep- 7 
 ^ovTai irapd f3acnXeo)<; teal Tiaaacpepvovs Kiqpviee^, 01 
 fiev dXXoL /3dp/3apoi- rjv 8' avrcov @aXivo$ eh "EXXrjv, 
 6? eTvy^ave irapd Tccraacpepvet cov teal €VTi{iG)<; e%cov 
 Kao yap irpoaeiToielTo e7n,ar7]/icov elvai twv dpufyl 
 Ta^eis re teal OTrXopua^lav. ovtol Be irpoaeXOovTe? teal 8 
 tcaXecravTes tovs twv 'EXXf]vcdv dpftovras Xeyovaiv, 
 on (SaGiXevs teeXeveo Tovs f/ EXXr)va<i, eVel vctecov Tvyyd- 
 veo tcai Kvpov direterove, irapaBovra^ rd birXa iovra? 
 eiTL ra? ySacrtXea)? &vpa$ evptcrteeaOai dv ti Bvvcovrat 
 
38 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 9 dyadov. ravra fiev eVrrov ol fiaatXecos /ctfpv/ces* ol Be 
 f/ EWr)V€s /3apea)<; fiev rj/covcrav, oficos Be KXeapxps 
 rocrovrov elirev, on ov rcov vtKcovrcov elr] ra oirXa 
 irapaBiBovav dXX\ e<j)7j, vfiels fiev, w avBpes crrparrj- 
 yol, tovtois diroKplvaaQe 6, re KaXXtarov re Kal dpi- 
 arov e^ere' eyco Be avriKa rj^co. eicakecre <ydp ta? 
 avrbv rcov virripeT&v, biroos IBot ra lepa e^yprjfieva' 
 
 10 ervye yap Qvopevos. evda Br) aireicpivaTO KXedvcop 
 fiev 6 'ApKas it pea ft vt ar o<$ cov, ore irpoaOev av diro- 
 Odvoiev r) ra birXa TrapaBolrjcrav Ilpotjevos Be 6 ©rj- 
 fiatos, 'iX\' eyco, ecj)r), co <&aXlve, Qavfid^co, rrorepa 
 &)? fcparoov fiacriXevs alrel rd oirXa i) &)? Bid cpiXtav 
 Bcbpa. el fiev yap co? Kpartbv, rl Bel avrbv alrelv 
 koX ov XajBelv eX66vra ; el Be rretcras jBovXerau Xafielv, 
 Xeyerco, rl ecrrau rols crrparicbrais, eav avrco ravra 
 
 11 ^apicrcovrai. 777509 ravra $aXZvo<$ elire, BacriXevs vlkclv 
 rjyeZrai, errel Kvpov drreicrove. t/? yap avrco ecrriv 
 oaris rrjs a/^?}? dvriiroielrai ; vo/jui^eo Be teal vfids eav- 
 rod elvav, eypsv ev pear) rfj eavrov X^P? Kai ^oraficbv 
 evrbs dBia/3drcov /cal irXrjdos dvOpcbircov icf) vfid<$ Bvvd- 
 fievos dyayelv, ocrov ovB\ el irapeyoi vfilv, Bvvauade av 
 
 12 diroicrelvai. per a rovrov ©ebirofirros *A6rjva2o<$ elirev, 
 S I2 <&aXlve, vvv, &>9 crv opas, r)p2v ovBev ecrriv dyaOov 
 aXXo el fir) oirXa Kal dperrj. oirXa fiev ovv eyovres 
 ol6fie6a av /cal rfj dperfj yj)r\crQai, irapaBovres 8' av 
 ravra real rebv crcofidrcov crrepr]6r)vai. jxr) ovi ocov ra 
 fibva dyaOa r)fju,v ovra hfiLv irapaBctiaecv, dXXa avv 
 rovrois Kal irepl r&v v/juerepcov dyadcov fia^ovfieda. 
 
 13 aKOvaa^Be ravra 6 $>aX1vos eyeXaae Kal elrrev, 'AXXa 
 (fiiXoo-ocjxp fjuev eoifcas, co veavLcr/ce, Kal Xeyeis ovk cv)(d- 
 picrra' Xq-Ql fievroc dvorjros wv, el oXei rr)v v/juerepav 
 
 14 dperr)v irepiyeveo-Qai av rr)s j3a<Tt\ecDs Bvvdfieoos. ak- 
 Xovs Be rcva<; ecpaaav Xeyeiv v7rofjLaXaKL^ojnevov<;, g>? 
 Kal Kvpcp rricrrol eyevovro Kal {3ao~iXel av 7roXXov cl^lol 
 
BOOK II. CHAP. I. 39 
 
 yevovvro, el fiovXoiro <£/\o? yeveaOai* ical elre dXXo 
 TV QeXoo yjpr\aQai, elr err Alyvrrrov arpareveiv, avy- 
 Karaarper^aivr av avrw. ev rovrco KXeap^os r)/ce, 15 
 teal rjpcorljaev, el 7/877 airoKeicpipfkvoi elev. <I>aXlvo$ Be 
 v7ro\a(3u)v elirev, Ovrov /iev, w KXeap^e, aXXos aXXa 
 Xeyec av 8' r)[uv elire rl Xeyeis. 6 8' elirev, 'Eyco ae, 16 
 w $aXlve, aa/juevos eebpa/ca, olfiav he ical ol aXXoc irdv- 
 T€9* av re yap r/ EXXrjv el ical rjfiels roaovroi ovres, 
 6aov$ av opas. ev tolovtols Be 6We? irpay/juaac avfi- 
 (3ovXev6/JLe0d aoi, rl %pr) iroielv irepl ciiv Xeyets. av 17 
 ovv irpbs Secov avji^ovXevaov rj/mlv o, re aoi Botcei tedX- 
 Xtarov teal dpiarov elvav, ical aoi ri/ubr)v olaei eh rbv 
 eirecra yobvov avaXeyo/juevov, ore <&aX2vo<; irore irefM- 
 (f)6ek irapd fiaauXews iceXevacov tou? "EXXrjva? rc\ 
 oirXa irapaBovvao ^vtiftovXevojievois %vve(SovXevaev av- 
 rot? rdBe. olada Be, on avayicr) XeyeaOau ev rfj *EX- 
 XdBc a av avfx^ovXevarj<;. 6 Be KXeapxp? ravra 18 
 virrjyero, ftovXofAevos /cal avrov rbv irapd ftaacXecos 
 irpea/3evovra %vfif3ovXevaac fir) irapaBovvai ra oirXa, 
 oVo)? eveXTuBes /jloXXov elev ol ''EXXrjves. $aXZvo<; Be 
 viroarpetyas irapa rr)v Bo^av avrov elirev, 'Eyco, el fiev 19 
 rcov fivplcov eXirlBcov [ila Tt? v/xlv ean acodrjvat iroXe- 
 fiovvras (BaaCXel, av/jufiovXevco fjurj irapaBiBbvat ra 
 oirXa' el Be roi firjBe/jbia acorrjpias earlv eXirl? aicovros 
 fiaaiXecos, avfifiovXevco aco^eadac vfilv oirrj Bvvarov. 
 KXeap'Xps Be irpbs ravra elirev, 'AXXa ravra /xev Br) 20 
 av Xeyew irap rj/icov Be dirdyyeXXe rdBe, on rjfJLels 
 olofieOa, el /xev Beot ftaatXel (friXovs elvai, irXetovos 
 av afyoi elvat tyiXoi eyovres ra oirXa r) rrapaBovres 
 aXXw, el Be Beoi rroXefxelv, djjueivov av rroXe/jLelv e^ovres 
 ra OTrXa r) aXXw irapaBuvres. 6 Be <H?aXLVO<; elire, 21 
 Tavra fjuev Br) dirayyeXovfiev. dXXa ical rdBe v/jllv 
 elirelv eiceXevae /3aaiXev<;, ore fievovac fiev avrov airov- 
 Bal ecrjaav, Trpolovai Be koX diriovai 7roXe//.09. etrrare 
 
40 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 ovv teal irepl tovtov, irorepa fjuevelre teal crirovBal elcriv 
 
 22 r) co? 7ro\e/jbov ovto$ nap itficov dirayyeXo). KXeapyos 
 S' eXe^ev, 'AirdyyeXXe tolvvv teal Trepl tovtov, oti teal 
 
 7]jMV TCLVTO, Botcel, W&ep KCtX /3 *CLCr i\et. Ti &VV TCLVT& 
 
 eaTtv ; ecpij 6 $>aXlvos. drretcpivaTO KXeapyos, *Hv 
 fiev pLevcofiev, GirovBai, diriovai Be teal Trpolovo-i ttoXe- 
 
 23 yLto?. 6 Be TraXiV ypcoT^ae, ^TrovBas rj iroXe/JLOV diray- 
 ryeXS) ; KXeap^qs Be TavTa ttclXiv aTretcpivaTo, ^irovBai 
 puev fievovcnv, aTriovai Be i) nrpolovcn TroXefios. o, ti 
 Be ttoit\goi ov Biecrr}{jL7]ve. 
 
 2 $aX2vo$ [iev By (oyeTQ teal ol crvv avT(p. oi Be 
 
 irapa 'Apialov rjtcov, UpotcXrjs teal XecpLcro(f>o<; • Mevcov 
 Be avTOv e/ieve irapa 'Apcaiq). ovtol Be eXeyov, oti 
 7toXXovs <palr] ^Apialos elvai Tlepaa^ eavTov jBeXTiovs, 
 ov$ ovtc av avacryeo-Oai avTOv fiacriXevovTOS' aX)C el 
 fiovXeaQe avvaTTievai, r\tceiv r\Bi] tceXevei t?}? vvkto% % 
 
 2 el Be [jltj, avTos irpcol anrievai ^tjctlv. o Be KXeap^os 
 elirev, 'AXX* ovtcd %pr) Trocelv edv puev rjtccofiev, coairep 
 XeyeTe' el Be fir}, irpaTTeTe oirolov av Ti vpZv olrjcrOe 
 [idXicTTa avfi(pepetv. o, to Be TTOir\aoi ovBe tovtois 
 
 3 elire. jaeTa Be TavTa tfSr) rjXlov Bvvovtos avytcaXeaa^ 
 tov$ (TTpaT7]yous teal Xoyuyovs eXe^e TOidBe. 'E/nol, 
 oi) civBpes, Svofievq) levai eirl (3ao-iXea ovtc eyiyveTO to, 
 cepa. Kai eltcoTcos dpa ovtc eyiyveTO' ft>9 yap e'<yft> vvv 
 TrvvOdvojJiai, ev fiecrqj rjficbv teal /SacriXeco? 6 Tiyprj? 
 TroTafJbos ecTTt vavcriiropos, cv ovtc av Bvvaljie0a dvev 
 ttXolojv Bia/Srjvai,' nrXola Be r/pLels ovtc eyjafiev. ov jjlIv 
 Br] avTOv ye fieveuv olov Te • tcl yap eiriTrjBeia ovtc ecrTiv 
 eyew levai Be irapa tgvs Kvpov (fclXovs irdvv tcaXa 
 
 i 7]fJLiV tcl lepa rjv. a)Be ovv %pr} nroielv diuovTas Bet- 
 nrvelv 6, tl T£? ex ei ' CTTtiBav 8c o~r}fji?]V7] tc5 tcipaTt <i? 
 dvairaveaOaL, avcricevd^eaOe' iireiBav Be to BevTepov, 
 avaTLueo-ue eirv Ta viro^vyca' eiru oe tgj TptTOi eireaoe 
 tS r)yov/j,evcp, tcl pAv vTro^vyia ey/pvTes irpos tgv 
 
II*. 
 
 BOOK II. CHAP. II. 41 
 
 7TOTafiov, tcl Be oirXa efjeo. tclvtcl aKOvaavTe^ ol orrpa- 5 
 T7]yol teal Xo^ayol dir?]X6ov /cat eirolovv ovtco. tcai to 
 Xotirbv 6 fxev yp^ev, ol Be erreiOovTO, ov-% eXo/xevoc, 
 dXXd opoivres, ore /jLovos icppoveo ola Bel top ap^ovra, 
 ol 8' ctXXoc dnreipoi rjaav. dpiOpbbs Be r?}? 6Sov, rjv 6 
 rjX6ov it; 'Ecfxzaov t>}? 'loovias ^XP b T ^ ? P^X 7 }?' o~ra- 
 Ofiol Tpeh KaX IvevrjKOVTa, irapaadyyai irevre KaX rpid- 
 kovto, KaX irevTaKoaioi, ardhioi, TrevnjKovra KaX etja- 
 klctxiXioi teal fivpioi • dirb Be t>;9 p^dxv^ eXeyovTO elvai 
 eh BafivXwva cttoBioi, e^rjKovra KaX TpiaKocnoi. ev- 7 
 TevOev, iireX ctkotos eyeveTO, MlXtokv9t)s puev 6 ®pa% 
 expw tovs re lirirea^ tovs fieQ* eavTov eh rerrapd- 
 
 KOVTCL KOL TWV TTetj&V OpOLKteV CO? TpiOUCOGlOVS 7]VTO- 
 
 fjLoXrjcre irpbs fiacriAia. Kkeapxps Be rot? oXXols 8 
 rjyelro Kara rd TrapriyyeXpteva, ol S' eXirovTO. KaX 
 d^LfCVovvrat eh top irpooTOV GTa6pLbv irapd 'Apialov 
 KaX T7]v i/ceivov o~TpaTtdv dpbtyX pueaa^ vv/CTas' KaX ev 
 Ta^ei Qepbevoi Ta oirXa %vvrfk6ov ol GTpaTT\yoX KaX Xo- 
 %ayol Tcov ^EXXr/voov irapd '' 'Apialov real oojmocrav oX 
 Te "EWijves kol ' Apialos KaX tcov avv avT<p ol /cpaTi- 
 o~toi pbrjTe irpohcaaeiv dXkrjXovs o-ufifiaxoi Te eaecrQau' 
 ol Be (Bdpfiapoi Trpoaoopiocrav KaX rjyjjcreaOat dB6Xco<;. 
 TavTCt, S' wjJLoaav, crcfrd^avTes Tavpov KaX Xvkov KaX 9 
 Kairpov /cat tcpihv eh dairiBa, ol fiev "EXXrjves (SdirTov- 
 Te? %l(pos, ol he fidpftapoi Xoyxv p - enreX Be Ta iriGTa 10 
 eyeveTO, elirev 6 KXeapxos, 'Aye Br), eo 'Aptale, eTreiirep 
 6 avTos v\uv CT0X09 ecrTi KaX rjfilv, elire, Tiva yvd}[xrjv 
 e^et? irepl t?}? iropeia^, iroTepov dmi^ev r\virep iqkQo- 
 p,ev rj dXKrjv Tiva evvevorjtcevai Boiceh 6Sbv KpeiTTco. 
 6 8' elirev, ^Hv fiev tfXOo/juev diriovTes nravTeXws avil 
 virb Xt/iov d7roXoL/ie0a' virdpyei* ydp vvv tj/jLlv ovhev 
 tcov iTTLTTjheLcov. eiTTatcalheica yap aTadjucov tcov iyyv- 
 tutco ovhe hevpo IhvTes Ik ttjs ^copa? ovSev ecxopuev 
 Xapifidvew evOa Be tl rjv, rj/xeh Biairopevofievot, KaTe- 
 
• •* i 
 
 4:2 xektophon's anabasis. 
 
 BarravrjcrapLev. vvv S' errcvoov/iev iropevecrQai fiafcpo- 
 
 12 repav puev, rcov B* irrcrrjBelcov ovk drroprjaopjev. rropev- 
 
 T60V 8' rjfllP TOVS 7rp(OT0VS (TTaOfAOVS co? av Bwco/ieOa 
 
 fiaKporcLTOVs, iva &>? irXelcrrov d7roor7racr6cofJLev rod 
 fiacriXiKOV arparevpiaro^' rjv yap aira^ Bvo rj rpocov 
 r)jxepcov 6Bbv diToo-^copLev, ovKeri pur) Bvvrjrai, fiacri,- 
 Xev$ r)pbds KaraXa(3elv. bXiycp puev yap crrparevpbari 
 ov rdXfirjcrei, icpeirecrOaf rroXvv 8' eycov crroXov ov 
 Bvvrjcrerai rayeco? iropevecrQai. lctcqs Be ical rcov 
 iirirr)Beicov cnraviei. ravrrjv, ecf>r), rr)v yvcb/xrjv e^co 
 eycoye. 
 
 13 *Hv Be avrrj rj crrpariqyia ovBev dXXo Bvvapuevr) rj 
 diroBpdv,au rj airocpvyelv ' r) Be rv^rj iarparrjyrjcre tcak- 
 Xlov. iirel yap rjpuipa iyevero, iiropevovro iv Be^ia 
 e'Xpvres rbv rjXiov, Xoyi^opbevoi r)]~eiv ajxa r)Xicp Bvvovrt 
 eh Kcopua^ rrjs BafivXcovlas yoapas ■ ical rovro puev ovk 
 
 ]4ri / yjrevcr6r]a-av. en Be ajupl BelXrjv eBo^av rroXepbiovs 
 bpdv iinreas* ical rcov re 'EXXtfvcov ot fir) erxiypv iv 
 to.?? rd^ecriv ovres eh Ta? rdtjeis eOeov, Kal 'Apcacos, 
 irvyyave yap eft dpud^rj^ iropevopuevos, Boon, ererpcoro, 
 
 15 Karaftas iOcopaKi^ero tcaX ol crvv avrco. iv co Be coirXi- 
 %ovro rJKov Xeyovres ol irpo7repbcj)6evre^ ctkottol, on ov% 
 lirireh elcrvv aXh! inrotyyia vepbotvro. teal evOvs eyvco- 
 crav izdvre^, on iyyvs irov iarparorreBevero /3acuXev$* 
 /cal yap Kal Kairvbs icpalvero iv /cco/nai? ov rrpocrco. 
 
 16 KXeapxps Be iirl puev tovs rroXepuiovs ovk rjyev fjBec 
 yap Kal ameipr\KQTa<$ tqv<$ nrparicora^ Kal dcrirov^ 
 ovra?' rjBrj Be Kal oyjre r)v ov puevroi ovBe drreKXive, 
 cj)vXarr6p,evos fir) BoKolrj cpevyeiv, aXV evOvcopov dycov 
 dfia rep r)Xicp Bvopevco eh rd$ iyyvrdrco Kcopba<; tovs 
 irpcorovs e%cov KarecrKr^vcocrev, e'£ ojv BiripiraaTO vtto 
 tov (3acriXiKov o-Tparevjuaro 1 ; Kal avrd rd dirb rcov 
 
 17 oIklcov %vXa. ol puev ovv irptoroi o/md$ rporrco nvl 
 earparoireBevcravro, ol Be vcrrepot orKoraloo rrpotriovres 
 
BOOK II. CHAP. II. — HI. 43 
 
 <W9 errvyyavov GtcaaTOi, tji/Xl^ovto, teal tcpavyrjv 7roXXr)v 
 eiroiovv /caXovvTes dXXrjXovs, ware kclL tou? TroXe/julovs 
 dicoveiv (oare ol puev iyyvrara twv iroXe^lwv teal ecpv- 
 yov e/c to)P cTKTjvco/jLdrcov. BrjXov Be tovto rfj varepaia 18 
 iyevero' ovre yap virotyyiov er ovBev e<pdvr) ovre 
 arpaTOTTehov ovre kclttvos ovBafJuov TrXrjaiov. e^eirXdyr) 
 Be, &)? eoL/ee, /ecu fiaaiXevs rfj i(j)6Bq) rod aTpaTevjjLaTOS. 
 iBijXcoae Be tovto ot? tjj vo~Tepaia eirpaTTe. irpolovar]^ 1 9 
 
 fXeVTOL T?}? VVKTOS TCLVT7]? fCdl TOL<? " EXXr)0~l, 06/3o9 
 
 ijj,7rL7TT€t,, teal Q6pvj3o<z teal Bovttos rjv, olov etVo? cf>6/3ov 
 i/ATrecrovTOS yiyveadai. KXeapxps Be ToXfAiBrjv 'HXeiov, 20 
 ov eTvyyavev eywv irap eavTco Krjpvfca apiGTOv tcov 
 tot€, tovtov dveoirelv eKeXevae aiyrjv KaTa/cr)pv£avTa, 
 oTi Trpoayopevovaiv ol apyovTes, o? av tov d(f>evTa top 
 ovov eh tcl oirXa firjvvarj, otc XtfyjreTac fiiadbv TaXav- 
 tov dpyvplov. eirel Be tclvtcl e/crjpvydr], eyvwcrav ol 21 
 CTTpaTCcoTai, OTi tcevhs 6 <f>6/3o<; ecrj /cat ol apyovTes 
 croiOL. a/jLa Be op6p<p TraprjyyeiXev 6 KXeapyo? et'? 
 tcl^lv tcl oirXa TiOeaOai tov<; "EXXrjvas fjirep elypv 6Ve 
 rjv r) fidxv> 
 
 ,v Be Brj eypatya, otl j3ao~LXev<? e^eirXdyr) ttj i(f>6Bq), 3 
 TrjBe BfjXov rjv. tjj jjuev yap irpocrOev rjfiepa Trefiircov tc\ 
 oirXa TrapaBiBovai eicekeve, TQTe Be dfia r)Xl<o dvaTeX- 
 Xovti /crjpvfcas eirefi-^re irepl cnrovBcov. ol B' eVel rfkOov 2 
 7rpb<; tovs 7rpo<pv\aKa<;, e'QqTOW tov? apypvTas. eireiBr) 
 Be dirrjyyeXkov ol irpofyvXaices, KXeapyos Tvycbv tot6 
 t<x? Ta^et? enviGKQTTwv elire tols 7rpocf)v\,a%i /ceXeveiv 
 tou9 Kr)pVKa% irepifieveiv, ayjpi av aypXaarj. eirel Be 3 
 KaTeaT7)o~e to crTpaTevfia wcrTe /caXw? eyecv opaaOav 
 TrdvTTj (pdXayya ttvkvtJv, t&v Be doifkcov fJbrjBeva icaTa- 
 <f>avr) elvav, eicdXecre tovs dyyekovs, koX avTO? re irpo- 
 r[kde tov<; re evoTrXoTaTovs eyjsv koX eveiBeo-TaTov^ twv 
 avTov GTpaTCcoTcov /col toIs aXXocs GTpaTrjyols TavTcu 
 eeppaaev. eirel Be rjv 7T/30? tols dyyeXois, dvrjpcoTa, 4 
 
44 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 ti (SovXolvto. ol S' eXeyov, ore rrepl cnrovB&v rjKoieVj 
 dvBpes, oiTLves itcavol eaovrai rd re rrapd ^aaiXecog 
 Tot? "EXXrjcnv drrayyelXai Kal rd rrapd rebv ' EXXtfvcov 
 
 5 jBaatXel. 6 Be direKplvaro, ' AirayyeXXere rolvvv avrS, 
 ore fid^T]^ Bel irpwrov dptcrrov yap ovk eartv ovB* o 
 roXpbtfcrcov irepl anrovBwv Xeyeiv tols rf EXXr]crc /u,r) rropi- 
 
 6 crag dpecrrov. ravra aKovaavre? ol dyyeXou dirrjXav- 
 vov, Kal tjkov Tcvyy* (p Kal BrjXov tjv, ore iyyv? irov 
 (BacriXevs rjv rj aXXos rig, & iirereraKro ravra rrpdr- 
 reiv eXeyov Be, ore eiKora BoKoiev Xeyeiv j3acrtXeL, Kal 
 rjKoiev rjyefiovas e%ovre$, ol avrovg, edv airovBal yevcov- 
 
 ? rat, d^ovacv evQev e^ovcro rd eTTLrrjBeLa. 6 Be rjpehra, 
 el avrolg rolg dvBpdcn airevBoiro rot? lovcri Kal amov- 
 Giv, r) ical rolg aXXow ecroivro airovBaL ol Be, r ' Aira- 
 env, ecpaaav, fie%pi dp jBaatXel rd irap vpicbv Bcay- 
 
 8 yeXOfj. errel Be ravra elirov, /neracrrrjardpLevog avrovg 
 o KXeapyog e(3ovXevero • Kal eBo.fcet, rag airovBag iroiel- 
 aOai rayy Kal Ka6^ rjav^iav eXOelv re errl rd eTririjBeia 
 
 9 Kal XajBelv. 6 Be KXeapyog el7re, AoKel fiev Ka/iol 
 ravra' ov fievroo rayy ye dirayyeXco, dXXd Biarpl^a), 
 ear dv oKVijcrcoacv ol dyyeXoi, pbrj diroBo^rj yfilv rag 
 airovBdg ironqcra&Oai' ol\xai ye pAvroi, etftrj, Kal rolg 
 rj/jberepoig crrpartcoraig rbv avrov <po(3ov irapeaeaQai. 
 eirel Be eBoKei Kaipbg elvai, d7rrjyyeXXev, ore crrrevBoiro, 
 
 10 Kal evOvg 7]yela6ai eKeXeve nrpbg rdinrrjBeia. Kal ol 
 aev ?jyovvro, KXeapyog fievroi eiropevero rag /aev crirov- 
 Bd$ ironqcropievog, rb Be crrpdrevpia e^cov ev rd^ei, Kal 
 avrbg G)7TLcrdo(f)vXdKei. Kal evervyyavov rd(ppoL^ Kal 
 avXodGiv vBarog nrXrjpeaiv, co? /x?) BvvacrOai Biaj3alveiv 
 dvev ye<fivpcbv dXX' eiroiovvro Biafidcreis eK rcov cpoc- 
 vlkcov, ot rjaav eKireTrrcoKores, roiig Be Kal e^eKoirrov. 
 
 1 1 Kal evravOa r\v KXeap%ov KarapuaOelv &>? eireardreiy 
 ev fiev rfj dpiarepa %etpl rb Bopu eycov, ev Be rfj Be^ia 
 (SaKrrjpiav Kal el rt? avru> Bokoltj rebv wpbs rovro 
 
BOOK II. CHAP. III. 45 
 
 reTayjxevcov ftXarceveiv, ifcXeyofievos tov eiriTrjheiov 
 eirataev dv, Kal dfia ai/ro9 TrpoaeXafji^avev eh tov 
 7T7]\bv i[xj3aiv(DV ware iracriv alo-^vvrjv elvai firj ov 
 o-vcnrovhd^eiv. real erdyO^crav fiev irpos avrov ol 12 
 TpL&KOvra err) yeyovoTes • eirel he Kal KXeap^ov etiopcov 
 crirouSd^ovra, irpoo-eXdybfiavov Kal ol 7rpea/3vTepoc. 
 7roXv he jjbdWov 6 Kkeap-yo^ eanrevhev, viroiTTevcov fir) 13 
 del ovrco TrXrjpeis elvai t<x? rdcf)pov<; vSaros' ov yap r)v 
 copa Ota ro irebiov apoeiv aXX ivcl r)orj TroXXa irpo- 
 (fialvoiTO Toh e, EXXrjcrc heivd eh tt)v iropelav, tovtov 
 evefca (BacriXea virdnrTevev eirl to irehlov to vhcop dcpei- 
 Kevai. iropevofievoi he dcf>LK0VT0 eh Kcbfias, 66ev dire- 14 
 hei^av ol r)yefioves Xafifidveiv tcl eiriTr]heia. evrjv he 
 
 CTfcTO? 7T0Xu? KCLL olvOS (J)0LVIKC0V KCtX 0^09 i^TjTOV dlTO 
 
 Twv avTcov. avTol he al ftdXavoi tcov c^olvikcov, oias 15 
 fjiev ev Toh r 'EXXr)criv eaTiv thetv, Toh olKerrai^ dnre- 
 KeiVTO, al he Toh hecnroTai^ diTOKeifjLevai rjaav drro- 
 Xe/CTOL, ^avfidaiai to /cdXXos real to fieyeOos, r) he oi^t? 
 TjXeKTpov ovhev hce^epe' r<x? he Twas ^rjpalvovTes Tpa- 
 yrjfiaTa direTiOeaav. real rjv kol irapd ttotov r)hv fiev, 
 Ke<fiaXaXye<$ he. evTavOa /cal tov eyice<^aXov tov (pot- 16 
 vlkos nrpo)TOV ecf)ayov ol crTpaTLcoTat, /cal ol 7roXXol 
 eOavfiaorav to Te elhos koX tt)v IhiOTrjTa ttjs r)hovrj<;. 
 r\v he afyohpa /cal tovto fcecpaXaXyes. 6 Be (frolvit;, 
 66ev e^aipeOetr) 6 eyfcecpaXos, 0A09 avacveTO. 
 
 ^EvTavOa efieivav r)fiepa<; Tpeh • Kal irapd fieydXov 17 
 /3acrcXeco<; r)/ce Tio-cra^epvr]^ Kal tt)<; ^acnXeco^ yvvai- 
 kos aSe\^6o9 Kal aXXot TLepcrai Tpelv SovXot, Se noXXol 
 eXirovTO. eirel he dirr)VT7]crav avTols ol tcov 'EXXrjvcov 
 CTpaTTjyoL, eXeye nrpoiTO^ Ticraacpepvrj^ hi 1 epfirjviojs 
 Toidhe. ^Eyoo, w dvhpe^ ''EXXrjves, yetTcov olko) tjj 18 
 *EXXd8i, Kal eirel vfid<=; elhov eh 7roXXd KaKa Kal d/jLij- 
 yuva epjTTeTTTWKQTa^, evprjfia iirotrjcrdfirjv, el 7ro)9 hvvai- 
 (irjv irapci {3a<TiXea)<; aiTriGaaQai hovvai i/xol diroorwcraL 
 
46 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 v/jlcl$ ei? rr\v 'EXXdSa. olfiai yap av ovtc dyapio~r<dH 
 floe eyeiv ovre 7r/?o? v/jlo)V ovre 7Tyot>? t^? rrdcrrj^ 'EX- 
 
 19 Xd$o<$. ravra Be yvovs yrov^v fiaaiXea, Xeycov avrq), 
 otl Sifcaicos av /jlol yapiCpiro, on avrS Kvpov re iiri- 
 crrparevovra rrpooros rjyyeCXa ical fioiqQeiav e^cov dfia 
 T V dyyeXla d<^iKoyb7]v, /col fAovos rcov Kara, rovs r, EX- 
 Xrjvas rerayfievcov ovk ecfrvyov, dXXd BirjXaac /cal 
 crvvep,i%a fiacnXeo iv rep vy^erepco crrparoTreBcp, zvQa 
 fiacriXevs d(pUero, irrel Kvpov drreKreive, teal rovs £vv 
 Kvpoy fiapftdpovs eBlco^a o~vv roccrBe rocs rrapovcri vvv 
 
 20 fier i/jLov, oiirep avrco elai mcrrbraroi. Kal rrepl juuev 
 rovrcov virecryerb fioi j3ovXevcrao~6ai' epeadai Be /ne 
 vfAas i/ceXevcrev eXdovra, rtvos eve/cev icrrparevcrare irr 
 avrov. Kal o-vjjLJ3ov\ev(o hfuv fxerpicos diroicplvacrdai, 
 Lva floe evrrpaKrorepov y, edv ri Bvvcofiai, dyaObv vficv 
 
 21 Trap avrov Btarrpd^aa-Qai. rrpbs ravra fieracrrdvres 
 ol ''EXXrjves i/3ovXevovro' Kal drreKplvavro, KXeap^os 
 8' eXeyev t H/i6L<; ovre crvvrjXOo/iev &)? (SacriXeZ iroXe- 
 [irjaovre^ ovr irropevofjueOa iirl j3ao~cXea } dXXa 7roXXas 
 7rpo<pdcrei<; Kvpo? evpicrKev, &)? Kal crv ev dlcrOa, iva 
 vjjuds re dirapaGKevdcrrovs Xdfioi Kal r)/jLas ivOdBe 
 
 22 dvaydyoi. irrel jievroi rjBrj avrov ecopwfiev iv Beivcp 
 ovra, rja^vvOrjiiev Kal $eou? Kal dvOpdyrrovs rrpoBovvai 
 avrov, iv rc5 nrpocrdev %p6v(p rrape^ovre^ rj/xas avrovs 
 
 23 ev nroielv. iirel Be Kvpos re6vr)Kev, ovre /3ao~iXel dvri- 
 iroiovfJbeOa rrj<; dp^rj^ ovr earw orov eveKa jSovXolfied* 
 av rrjv j3acriXecD$ %cbpav KaKO)<; rvoieiv, ovB* avrov 
 diroKrelvai av eOeXoi/xev, iropevolfieda B* av oiKaBe, el 
 rt? r)fAa<$ firj Xvttolt]' dBiKovvra fievroi rreipaabybeQa 
 crvv rot? ^eot? d/jLVvacrdaL' idv fievrot T£9 ?JyU,a? Kal ev 
 7roLcbv vTrdpxVy Kab Tovrov eh ye Svva/xLv ov% rjrrTjcro- 
 
 24 jjueOa ev rroiovvres. 6 fiev ovrcos elirev aKovaas he 6 
 Tcao-a<f)epV7]^ e(prj, Tavra iyeb drrayyeXa) fiacnXet Kal 
 v/Jblv irdXiv rd rrap eKelvov fie^pi S' dv iy<a rjKto at 
 
book n. chap. ni. — iv. 47 
 
 airovBal puevovrcov ayopav Be rjpueh irape^ofxev. Kal 25 
 eh [iev rrjv varepalav ov% rj/cev coo~6 ol f, EXXr)ves 
 i(f)p6vrL^ov' rfj he rplrrj tjkcov eXeyev, ore BcaTreTrpa- 
 y/jievos tJkoc rrapa ftaatXecos Bo6r)vai avrco aco^ecv rov? 
 "EXXr)va<;, Kairrep rrdvv woXXcov dvnXeyovrcov, go? ovk 
 a%iov elr\ jSaacXel dcpelvao tovs i(j> eavrbv arparevcra- 
 puevoi 2, reXo? Be elire, Kal vvv e^ecrrtv vfuv mar a 26 
 Xafit v Trap rjficov rj firjv cpiXiav rrape^eiv iipulv rrjv 
 y&pav Kal dBoXcos dira^ew eh rr\v 'EXXdBa ayopav 
 rrapeyovra^' oirov B* av firj y rrpiaaQai, Xafifidvecv 
 vpLas eic rrjs %cbpa<; idaopuev ra ernrrjBeia. vfias o° 27 
 av riplv Berjaet opLocrai r) /lltjv iropeveaQai go? Bia cpiXias 
 daivws aira teal rrora Xapufidvovras, birbrav pur) ayopav 
 wape^cofiev, rjv Be irape^copbev ayopav, tovovpievovs e'^eiv 
 ra eirirrjBeia. ravra eBo^e, KaX copbocrav Kal Bellas 28 
 eBocrav Ticraacpepvrjs Kal 6 rrj<; jSacriXecds yvvaiKos 
 dBeXcpbs rot? rcov 'EXXrjvcov o-rparrjyoh Kal Xox ar /°h 
 Kal eXa/3ov irapa rcov 'EXXrjvcov. puerd Be ravra Tier- 29 
 oracpepvr]? elire, Nvv puev Br) arreipn go? /3acriXea' eirei- 
 Bav Be Biairpd^copuai a Beopiai, rj^co avaKevatrdpLevo? go? 
 airagcov vpias et? rrjv ILXXaoa Kai avros airicov em 
 tt]V epiavrov dpyjqv. 
 
 Mera ravra rrepiepuevov Ticrcracpepvrjv ol re rr E\- 4 
 Xrjve? Kal 'Apiaios eyyvs dXXrjXcov ea-rparoireBevfievoi 
 r)p,epas 7r\e/ou? rj eiKocriv. ev Be ravrais dc^iKVovvrat, 
 7T/50? Apvalov Kal 01 aBeX<pol Kal ol aXXoi dvayKaioi 
 Kal 7rpo? rov$ crvv eKeivco Uepacov rives, irapeOdppvvov 
 re Kal Bellas evioi rrapa (BacriXecos ecpepov pbrj pivrjo-iKa- 
 Krjaeiv fiacriXea avroh tt)? ltxjv Kvpw eiricrrpareias 
 pL7]Be aXXov fiTjBevbs rcov Trapw^puevcDV. ^odrcov Be 2 
 yiyvopuevcov evBrfXoi rjaav ol rrepl ^Apialov rjrrov irpocr- 
 e^ovres to?? ( 'EXXr]crc rbv vovv. ware Kal Bia rovro 
 rot? pbev rroXXoh rcov 'EXXrjvcov ovk rjpeo~KOV, dXXa 
 irpoaiovres rco KXedp^co eXeyov Kal to£? ciXXols err pa- 
 
48 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 3 TTjyots, To fievofiev ; t) ov/c eir oo-TdfieOa, otl fiaaiXevs 
 97/xa? dirdXeaao av ire pi Travrbs iroorjcraoTO, Xva /cal too? 
 clWols r EX\,7]<ti> cj)6/3o$ fj iirl /3ao-i\ea pueyav crrpa- 
 TeveLV ; /cal vvv fiev 97/m? virdyeTao fxeveov Boa to Boe- 
 airdpOao avrS to aTpaTevfia" eirrjv Be irdXov dXoaOfj 
 avT(p r) GTpcLTia, ov/c eaTiv oVa)? ov/c eiroOrjaeTao t)jjlov. 
 
 4 tcra)? Be ttov i) omoaKcnvTei to rj aTroTeoyjXeo, co? diropos. 
 7 7] 6B6$. ov yap ttot£ e/ccav ye (SovkrjcreTao ^a? 
 'X^cWa? eh ttjv 'EXkdBa dirayyeTkao, co? r)/joeos TocrolBe 
 ;Vt6? ivoKOijiev tov fiacroXea e7rl Tat? Qvpaos avTov /cal 
 
 £ fcaTayekdaavTes dirriXOopoev. Kkeap^o^ Be direKpivaTO 
 too? TavTa Xeyovcrcv, 'Eycb evOv/zovftao puev teal TavTa 
 irdvTa' evvoco S' oto, el vvv dirop.ev, Bo^ofiev eirl tto- 
 Xe}jL(p dnroevao /cal irapd t<x? airovBas irooeov. eireoTa 
 irpcoTov [lev dyopdv ovBeh Trapetjeo tj/jlov ovBe oOev eiro- 
 aoTLOv/jLe6a' av0o<z Be 6 rjyrjao/ubevo^ ouSel? ecrTao' ical 
 dpoa TavTa ttooovvtcdv tj/jlcov ev9v$ 'Apoaoos d<peaTfj^eo* 
 cocrre (f)l\o$ rjjjLov ovSels XeXet^eTao, dWa /cao ol irpo- 
 
 6 adev 6We? TroXijiooo r)fMV eaovTao. TroTa/jubs $ el [xev 
 Tt? /cal aXkos dpa r)pZv io~T0 SoaftaTeos ov/c olBa m tov 
 B J ovv Ev<fipdT7]v o'lSajJoev oto dSvvaTOV Boaj3rjvao tcco- 
 \v6vtcov 7ro\e/jLLcov. ov puev Br), av [xd^ecrOao ye Berj, 
 LTTirel^ elcrov rjfiov ^vfi/ia^oo, tcov Be 7ro\e/jLLcov lirirel^ 
 elcrov ol ifkelaToo /cal ifkelaTOV a^ooo' wcrre vo/cwvTe? 
 fiev tov a dv diro/CTeivaoixev ; r)TTcofievo)V Be ovBiva olov 
 
 7 Te o~(odr]vao. eyft) fxev ovv j3aao\ea, w ovtco iroWa 
 eaTO tcl o-vfJLjJbaya, elirep TrpodvfieoTao ^/-ta? a7ro\etTao, 
 ovk olBa o, to Bel avTov bpbocrao /cal Be^odv Bovvao 
 /cal f^eou? €7roop/cr}o~ao /cal Ta eavTov irocrTa airoaTa 
 TrGir)(iao r/ EXkr)cro Te teal (3ap(3dpoo$. TOoavTa iroWd 
 eXeyev. 
 
 8 ''Ev Be TOVTM rjfee Tocrcracfxzpvr}? e^cov ttjv eavTov 
 Bvvapbiv co? eU oIkov diroadv /cal 'OpovTas ttjv eavTov 
 Bvvajxiv r\ye Be /cal ttjv BvyaTepa ttjv j3aao\ew<; iirl 
 
BOOK II. CHAT. IV. 49 
 
 yd/Aw. ivrevOev Be r/Brj Tco-cracfrepvovs r)yov/xevov Kal 9 
 dyopdv irapeyovTO^ eiropevovTO' iiropevero Be Kal 
 r Apt,aios to Kvpov fiapftapiKov eyav arpdrev/JLa dpua 
 Tcacracpepvec Kal 'Opovra Kal ^vvecrTpaToireBeveTO crvv 
 €K€lvoi<;> ol Be "EXXrjves vfyopwvTes tovtovs avrol icj) 10" -^' 3 
 kavTwv eydspovv ^ye/iova? e-^ovTe^. IcrTpaToireBevovTO 
 Be e/cdcrroTe direyovTes dXXrjXcov irapaadyyrjv teal 
 fxelov • e<£>vXaTTOVTO Be dficfrorepoi, wairep TroXe/iLOVs 
 dXXijXovs, real evOvs tovto viro^lav irapelyev. eviore 11 
 Be Kal ^vXc^o/ievoi ere rod avrov Kal yopTOV Kal dXXa 
 Toiavra j-vXXeyovTes irXrjya^ everetvov dXkrjXois' ware 
 Kal tovto eyQpav irapelye. BieXQbvTes Be Tpei? o-tgl- 12 
 OfJiovs d(pi/covTO 7rpo? to MtjBicls KcCkovjievov Tet^o?, 
 teal irapifkOov etcrco avTod. rjv Be cpKoBofirmevov ttXlv- 
 Oois oTTTais ev dcrcpdXTcp Kecfievais, evpos ec/coao ttoBcov, 
 in/ro? Be eicaTov purJKO^ B' iXeyeTo elvai ettcoao irapa- 
 o-ayyodv direyei Be BaftvXcovos ov iroXv. ivTev0€vl3 
 B enropevOrjaav GTadfAOVs Bvo, irapaadyyas oktco' 
 koX Bteftrjcrav Btdopv^a^ Bvo, ttjv fiev eirl yecfrvpas, 
 ttjv S' e^evy/JLevrjv ttXolois eiTTa' avTai 8' r)aav diro 
 tov TiyprjTOs TroTapLOV' KaTeTeT/J,7]VTO Be e£ avTwv 
 Kal Taeppoe eirl ttjv ydopav, al fiev irp&Tai \±eyd- 
 Xai, eireiTa 6" eXaTTOv^' t£Xo<; Be Kal puiKpol o^eTol, 
 IdGirep ev Ty 'EXXdBo eirl ra? /xeXiW?* Kal dcpiKvovv- 
 Tai eVt tov TcyprjTa nroTajjiov Trphs cS ttoXis rjv fie- 
 ydXrj Kal iroXvavOpoyrros, y ovo/ia ^CTTaKr), dire^ovaa 
 tov iroTajiov aTaBiovs nrevTeKaiBeKa. ol jjuev ovv f, EX- 14 
 Xrjves Trap* avrfv eo-KTjvrjorav eyyv<i irapaBelcrov fieydXov 
 Kai KaXov Kal Baaeos iravToiwv BevBpcov, ol Be /3dp- 
 fiapoi Bta{3e/3r]K6Te<; tov TtyprjTa' ov fievTOi KaTafya- 
 vels r)aav. fieTcu Be to Belnrvov eWv^ov ev 7rept7rdT(p 15 
 (We? TTpo tcov ottXcdv IIp6%evo$ Kal aevocpcov Kal 
 irpocreX9<x)V avOpcoiro^ Tt? r/pcoTrjcre tovs 7rpocf)vXaKas, 
 ttov av iBol Upo^evov i) KXeap^ov Mevcova Be ovk 
 
 3 
 
50 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 e^rei, /cat ravra Trap ^ Apiaiov &v tov Mevcovo? %evov. 
 
 16 iirel Be Up6%evo<$ elirev, otl avros el/ZL bv tyrels, elirev 
 6 dv0p(oiros rdSe. "Eire/i^e fie 'Aptalos kcll ^Aprdo- 
 £b?, TTKJToi ovres Kvptp Kal vfiiv evvoi, Kal KeKevovcn 
 (pvXdrrecrOaL, fir/ {jfilv iirlOayvTaL r?}? vvkto? ol /3dp-\ 
 (BapoL' IdTi Be (TTpdrev/jLa iro\v iv tco ttXtjctlov irapa- 
 
 17 Belcrcp. koX iirl tt]v yefyvpav tov TlyprjTO^ iroTafiov 
 ire/iyjraL tceXevovcro <$>v\afcr}V, go? Siavoelrcu avrrjv \vcrat 
 Tc<Tcra(pepV7)s rrfi vvktos, idv BvvrjTaL, &>? fir) Biaj3rjTe, 
 dXX iv jiecrco diroX7]<p6r]Te tov iroTafiov Kal t?)? Blg>- 
 
 ISpf^o?. dtcovcravT€$ ravra dyovcriv avTov irapa tov 
 KXeap'Xpv /cat (fipd^ovaiv a Xeyec. 6 Be KXeap^os 
 
 19a/coucra9 iTapdyQr) a<p6Bpa teal ifyofSeZro. veavicncos 
 Be tl$ tcov irapovTcov ivvor}aa<$ elirev, co? ovk clkoXovOcl 
 eti] to Te iiri6r]aecrdaL Kal Xvcreiv tt)v yi(j>vpav. BrjXov 
 yap otl iTriTiOe/Aevovs rj vlkclv BetfcreL r) rjTTaadai. 
 eav fiev ovv vlkcdctl, tl Bel avToi)$ Xveiv ttjv ye<pvpav ; 
 ovBe ydp } av iroXXal yi(j>vpac wcriv, e^oijiev av ottol 
 
 20 fyvyovTes rj/iels acdOcofiev. eav Be rj/iels VLKco/iev, XeXv- 
 fievrjs ttjs ye<j>vpas 01)% e^ovaiv eicelvoi ottoi (fivycocriv 
 ovBe fir)v (BorjOrjcrai iroXXwv ovtcov irepav ovBels avTois 
 
 21 BvviqareTai XeXvfievrjs t?}? yetfcvpa?. dicovcras Be 6 
 Kkeapjtps TavTa rjpeTO tov dyyeXov, ttckti) t£? ecrj 
 yd>pa i) iv fieacp tov TcyprjTos Kal t?}? Bicopv%o<;. Be 
 elirev, oti iroXXr] Kal KcbfiaL eveicri KaX iroXeis iroXXal 
 
 22 koX fieydXab. TOTe Br) teal iyvaacrOrj, otl ol {3dp(3apoL 
 tov dvOpcDirov viTOTre.H'^raiev, bicvovvTes fir) ol f/ E\\7)ves 
 BieXovTe? tt)v ye<f>vpav fxevoiev iv Ty vrjaco ipv/xaTa 
 eifpvTe? evOev [lev tov TlyprjTa, evOev Be ttjv Bccopv^a, 
 ra cT iiriTYjBeia e^oiev iic ri}? iv jxiaq) ydypas iroWr)? 
 KaX dyaOrfi ovo~r)<$ koX tcov ipyaaofievcov ivovTcov, eWa 
 Be Kal diroo-Tpo(j)r) yevoiTO, el Tt? (BovXoito fiaarCkea 
 
 23 KaKcos iroieZv. yLtera TavTa dveiravovTO • eVl fievTov 
 rrjv ye<j)vpav 6/jLco<; (frvXaKrjv eirep/tyav * Kal ovTe iireOeTO 
 
BOOK II. CHAP. IV. 51 
 
 ovSels ovBafioOev ovre 7rpb<; tt\v yi(f>vpav ovBei? r/Xde 
 TOdV TTokefitcav, co? ol (pvXaTTOVTes dirrjyyeXXov. eVetSr/ 24 
 S' eco? iyevero, Biefiaivov t^v yecf>vpav i^evy/jievrjv ttXol- 
 
 Oi? TpiatCOVTCL KObl klTTCL GO? oZ6v T6 [laXiCTTd 7T6(j)vX,a- 
 
 yfievcos • etjtfyyeXXov yap rives twv irapa TicracKpepvovs 
 'EXXtfvcov, go? BiafiatvovTcov fJueXXotev eiriQ>}o~eG~Qai. 
 dXXa ravra fiev ^evBrj r/v Biaj3aiv6vTcov pbevTOi 6 
 TXovs clvtoZs €7re(j)dv7) fier dXXcov atcoiroiv, el Bia- 
 /3atvotev tov irorafiov eiretB^ Be elBev, <pX ero ^ 7re " 
 Xavvcov. 
 
 *Airb Be tov TiyprjTOS iiropevOrjcrav araOfiovs rer- 25 
 Tapa<z, irapaadyym ei/coaiv, enr\ tov Qvar/cov irorapLov, 
 to evpos liked pov ■ eTrrjv Be yecj>vpa. teal evravOa coicelro 
 TroXt? fieyaXr), y ovofia 'fLuus' irpos rjv a/mqvTrjcre toZs 
 "EXXrjcriv 6 Kvpov koX 'ApTa^ep^ov v66o<z dSe\c£o? airo 
 Xovacov koX 'EfcfiaTdvwv GTpariav ttoXXi]V ciycov go? 
 /3o7)9?]o-cdv fiaaiXeZ' teal eiricrrrjaas to eavTOv o~Tpa- 
 Tevfia irapepxpfievovs tov? "EXXrjvas eOecopei. 6 Be2Q 
 KXeap^os rjyetro fiev eh Bvo, eTropevero Be aXKore koX 
 dXXoTe i<piaTd/jbevos. oaov Be [av~\ yjpbvov to rjyov- 
 jjuevov tov cTTpaTevfiaTO^ e7rLcrTr)crei,e, toctovtov rjv 
 dvdyierj ypbvov Bi bXov tov aTpaTevjJLaros yiyveo~6ai 
 Ti]V eTTLCFTacriV' coare to crrpaTevjJLa /cal avToZs toZ$ 
 r/ EXX7]crc 86%ac TrdpuroXv elvai, /cal tov Ueparjv etCTre- 
 TrXr^Oat S-ecopovvra. evrevQev Be iiropevdrjcrav Bed 27 
 ri}? M.i]Btas crTadfiovs eprffiovs e£, irapaadyyas Tpid- 
 KOVTa, eh t<z? HapvadTiBo? /ccbjULas t?}? Kvpov /cal 
 /3ao~iXea)<$ {irjTpos. Tavras Tco-aacpepvrjs Kvpco eirey- 
 yeXoiV BiapTrdaai toZ? "EXXtjctlv eireTpe^re 7tXt}v dvBpa- 
 ttoBcov. ivrjv Be o-Zto<$ ttoXvs /cal 7rp6j3aTa teal dXXa2S 
 yjpripiaTa. evrevQev 8' eiropevOTjcrav o-TaOfiovs ipij/jbovs 
 TerTapas, irapacrdyyas eltcocn, tov TtyprjTa iroraiibv 
 ev dpicrTepa e^ovTes. ev Be. tgo nrpcoTG) crTaOfuti irepav 
 tov iroTajJiov 7roXi? coKeZTO fieydXij /cal evBai/JLCov ovo/ia 
 
52 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 Kaival, ef rjs ol /3dp/3apoi hirjyov eVl a^ehiais hicj)6e' 
 pivais dprovs, rvpovs, olvov. 
 5 Mera ravra dcpucvovvrat 67rl rov Zairdrav irora- 
 
 [igv, to evpos rerrdpcov irXeOpcov. real ivravQa e\xeivav 
 rjfiepas rpels • ev he ravrais virotyiai fiev rjaav, cpavepa 
 
 2 he ovheala i^alvero iiri/SovX^. eho^ev ovv rco KXedp^co 
 %vyyevea6ai rep Tiaaa^epvei teal el ireos hvvairo rrav- 
 aai Ta? viro-^rlas, rrplv e% avrcov rroXefiov yeveaOac 
 /ecu eirepb-^re nva ipovvra, on ^vyyeveaQai avreo ^prj^ei. 
 
 3 6 he erolpLcos iiceXevev nqicew. iireihi] he ^vvrjX6ov, Xeyei 
 6 KXeap^os rdhe. ''Eyco, cb Tiaaaepepvr], olha puev rjfilv 
 opfcovs yeyevrjfievovs koL he^ids hehofxevas pJy] dhc/cijaeiv 
 cWrjXov?' efyvXarrofievov Be ere re opcb cos iroXepbiovs 
 
 4 rjfias real rjfiels opebvres ravra dvrief)vXarr6iJbe6a, iirel 
 he aKoirebv ov hvva\xai ovre ere alaOeaOai Trecpcb/xevov 
 rjjjLcis Katccbs iroielv, eyco re aaepcos olha, on rjfiels ye 
 ovh* imvoov/juev roiovrov ovhev, ehotje jjlol eh Xoyovs 
 aoi eXdeiv, oireos, el hwaipieOa, i^eXoijuev dXkrfkcov rrjv 
 
 5 dmariav. Kal yap olha dvOpebrrovs 7]hr] rovs pJev etc 
 hiafioXrjs, robs he teal it; viro^tas ot epoj3r}6evres dXkrj- 
 Xovs, e\>Qdaai jBovXofievoi irpXv rraOelv, iiroLTjaav dvr)- 
 fcecrra Ka/ca rovs ovre [xeXXovras ovr av fBovXofievovs 
 
 6 roiovrov ovhev. rds ovv roiavras dyvco/jboavvas vofii- 
 %a>v avvovalais /xdXiara dv iraveaOai, jj/cco koX hihd- 
 GKeiv ere (BovXofiai, cos av 7]fjblv ovk bpBtbs diriarels. 
 
 7 rrpebrov fiev yap fcal fieyiarov ol Qecov rjfias optcot 
 KcoXvovai rroXe/jLiovs elvai dXXijXois' oar is he rovreov 
 avvoihev avreo iraprj/ieX^Kebs, rovrov iyco oviror av 
 evhaipiovlaai/Jii. rbv yap 3-eoov TroXe/xov ov/c olha ovr 
 airo 7ro[ov av rd^ovs epevycov ris dirofyvyoi ovr els 
 ttolov av a/coros dirohpalr] ov9 J ottcos av els i'xypov 
 ycopiov drroaraiiq. rravrrj yap rrdvra rols Qeois viro^a 
 
 8 Kal iravra^fj rrdvrcov caov ol S-eol icparovai. rrepl fjuev 
 hrj rcov S-ecbv re Kal rcov op/ccov ovrco ycyvcoa/cco, rrao 
 
BOOK II. CHAP. V. 53 
 
 o*? r/fieis rrjv <piXiav GwOefievoi tcaTeOepbeOa' tcov B 
 
 avOpCOTTLVCOV (76 ijd) €V T(0 TTCipOVTL VOfJLL^W \lkyiGTOV 
 
 elvai 7]/jllv dyadov. gvv fiev yap goI iracra /iev o86<s 9 
 evTropos, 7ra? Be 7roTa/xo? 8ia(3aT6<$, toov tc £7riT7]Seicov 
 ovk diropia* dvev Be gov iracra fxev Sea g/cotov? y o86<z' 
 ovBev yap avTrjs iiriGTafieOa' ttci<; Be 7rora/io? Bvgtto- 
 pos, 7ra? Be o^Xo? ajo/3ep6<;, (fioftepebrarov 8' ipTjfiia' 
 /jL€gt7) yap irdWrj^ diropta^ iariv. el Be Br) teal fia- 10 
 vevres ae /caTaKTeivai/iev, dXXo ti dv r\ tov evepyerrjv 
 Kara/cT€LvavTe<i irpbs fiaaCkea tov fieyiGTOV e<fie8pov 
 dycovt^oi/jieOa ; ogcov Be Brj /cal oicov av iXiTidcov e/iav- 
 tov o~rep?]aaifiL, el o~e ti teatebv eiri^eiprjGaijJLi iroielv, 
 TavTa Xe^co. eyco yap Kvpov eireOvpLrjad jjloi (fciXovll 
 yeveaOai, vo/jllQdv to>v totc ItcavcoTaTOV elvai ev iroielv 
 ov fiovXoiTO' cre Be vvv opco tijv T6 Kvpov Bvvapuiv 
 /cal yoopav eyovTa real tt\v aeavTOV dpyjqv Gco^ovTa, 
 ttjv Be fiaGiXeco? Bvva/Mv, fj Kvpos iroXepbla e^prjTO, 
 crol TavTTjv ^vfifia-^ov ovaav tovtcov Be to to vtcov 12 
 ovtwv Ti9 ovtco [xalveTai ocrrt? ov (3ovXeTai aoi cf)i- 
 Xo? elvai ; dXXa pur}v ipco yap /cal Tama, e£ oov 
 e^co e\7ri8a<> teal ere fiov\r\Q~eo-Qai cfrlXov rj/iiv elvai' 
 olBa /iev yap vplv Mvcrovs Xvirrjpovs ovTas, ou? 13 
 vofiL^o) civ gvv Tjj rrapovGy Bvvdpiei Taireivovs vpXv 
 irap-aa^elv, olBa Be teal UicriBas' dfcovo) Be teal aXXa 
 e0V7] ttoXXci TOiavTa elvai, a olfiai av nvavGai ev- 
 o-)(XovvTa del Ty v/xeTepa evBaip^ovia. AlyviTTiovs Be, 
 ot? [xdXicTTa vfias vvv yiyvcocr/cco Tedv/juofievovs, ov% 
 opw irota Bwd/aei avfipid^cp ^prjadfievoi fiaXXov av 
 KoXdcraicyQe t^? vvv crvv ifiol ovcrr)<$. aXXa jjltjv ev ye 14 
 toIs irepi^ oltcovcri av el fiev /3ovXoi6 T(p cf)iXos elvai, 
 o>? fiiyicrTos av eiTjs, el Be Tt? ere Xvttolt], &)? BecriroTrjs 
 avacrTp£(f)Oio e^cov rj/id^ VTrrjpeTas, oi croi ovtc dv tov 
 fMiadov evetca [jlovov virypeTol/Mev, aXXa teal tt}? ydpiTO^ • 
 97? crcoOevTes vtto gov goI dv eypi/iev Biteaicos. epiol fiev 15 
 
 
54: xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 8rj ravra irdvra evOvfiovfievco ovtco Bofcel ^avfiaarov 
 elvav to cre rjfilv drriGTelv, cocrre /cal v,Bigt av d/cov- 
 
 <TCU/ULt TO OVOfia, TL$ OVTCO? eGTi BeiVOS XeyeiV COCTT6 G€ 
 
 irelcraL Xeycov, &>9 rj/jLeis goi e7Ti^ovXevojxev. KXeap- 
 %o? puev ovv ToaavTa elire* Tt,GGa<pepvr]<; Be coBe drrr]- 
 
 fl€L(p07}. 
 
 16 'AXX rfiofiai piiv, co KXeap^e, dicovcov gov cppovi- 
 fiovs Xoyovs' tclvtol yap yiyvcoG/ccov el tl e/iol kclfcov 
 /3ovXevoi$, ajia av fioi Bo/cels /cat cravTQj /ca/covov? elvai. 
 
 fro* //> tf » -51 » »\ e « c* / ->t r> 
 
 Q)9 o av pLaurjs, otl ovo av vfieis oi/caicos ovts pacn- 
 
 17 Xel gut ifMol airiCTTOL^Te, avTcuKovaov. el yap lipids 
 e/3ovXop,e6a diroXeGai, iroTepd gov Bo/covp,ev hnrecov 
 ifki]6ov^ diropelv 1) nre^cov rj 07f\io~ecos, iv fj v/ias puev 
 pXdirTeiv Uavol et^fiev av, avTnrao")(eLV he ovSels klv- 
 
 18 Bvvgs ; dXka ycnpicov eiriTTjBeicov vfilv eircTLOecrOai 
 diropelv av goi BoKovpbev ; ov ToaavTa fiev ireBia tjjxZv 
 (plXca ovTa gvv 7roXXS ttovco BiairopeveGQe, ToaavTa Be 
 opt] vjjutv opcbTe ovTa iropevTea, a 7]\xlv e^ecrTi irpoicaTa- 
 XafiovGiv diropa v/uv irapeyeiv, togovtoi cT elal iroTa- 
 pol ecft cov e^e&Tiv rjpuv Tafiieve&Oai, ottggois av vpcov 
 ^GvXcojxeOa [LdyeaQai ; elal S' o,vtcov ovs ovo' av 
 TravTairacri Bia(3air]Te, el iirj rjpbels vjuds Biairopevoip,ev. 
 
 19 el S' ev ttclgi TOVTO15 rjTTtcpLeOa, dXXd to ye tol irvp 
 /cpeoTTOv tov Kapirov Sgtcv ov ypbels BwatfieO' av 
 fcaTa/cavGavTe? Xifibv vplv dvTLTa^ai, co v/JLels ovB\ 
 
 20 el iravv dyaOol elrjTe, \xdyeG6ai av BvvaiG0e. Trios 
 av ovv e^ovTes togovtovs tto/jou? Trpo? to vpuv iroXe- 
 fielv, /cal tovtcov /irjheva rj/ilv eiriKivBvvov, eirecTa i/c 
 tovtcov tt&vtcdv tovtov av tov TpoiTov egeXoipueOa 09 
 [jlgvos pkv 7rpo9 §eo)V aGeflfc, povos Be irpbs dvdpdoircov 
 
 21 aLGXpos ; iravTunraGi Be airopoiv eVrl ical dpLTj^dvoyp 
 /cal avdy/cr) i^opLevcov, koX tovtcov 7rovr/pcov, OLTives e9i- 
 \ovgi Bl* errriopKLas Te Trpbs 3-eovs /cal diriGTta^ irpos 
 dvOpcbirovs TTpaTTeiv ti. ov% ovTcos rjpLels, o) KXeap^e, 
 
BOOK II. CHAP. V. 55 
 
 ovt6 dXoyccrTot ovre rfkiOioi ecrfiev. dXXa tl Br) vfias 22 
 e^oz/ airoXeaai ovk eiri tovto rfkuofiev ; ev icruc ore o 
 
 i/AOS 6/360? TOVTOV atTlOS TOV Tol<? "EXXtjCTLV 6/X6 TTMJTOV 
 
 yevecrOai, Kal go Kvpos dvefir) %eviKco Bia /j,io-0oBoaia<; 
 incrTevcDv, tovtm e/xe Karafirjvai BC evepyealas Icryy- 
 pbv. oaa Be fioc u/xet? yp/jatfAoi, eaeaOe tcl fiev Kal 23 
 av €67ra?, to Be fieycaTOV iya> olBa' tt)v [Aev yap eVl 
 rfj KecfraXfj Tiapav ftaauXel [jlovcd e^eartv opOrjv eyeiv, 
 tt]V 8' eirl rf} KapBla tacos av vp^cbv irapovrwv Kal 
 erepos ev7rera)<; ^X 01 " » 
 
 Tavra elircbv eBo^e ru> KXedpyco dXr)6r) Xeyecv • 24 
 Kal elirev, Ovkovv, e<pr], o?rwe? toiovtcov r)[uv eh cpt~ 
 Xlav virapyovTWV ireipwvTai BoafidXXovTes Troirjaao 
 TToXe/jLiov? rjfias a^ioi elai tcu eayaTa iradelv ; Kal 25 
 eyco fiev ye, ecprj 6 Ttaaa^epvrjs, el /3ovXea6e fioi, oi re 
 crrpaTTjyol Kal ol Xoyayol eXdelv, ev rS e/xcfravel Xe^co 
 tovs 7rpo? ifjce Xeyovras co? av i/uol eirifiovXevets Kal 
 ttj avv ifiol arparia. '.E^co Be, efyri o KXeapyos, d^co 26 
 iravras, koI col av Brfkwaco oOev iyco irepl aov clkovco. 
 eK TovTwv By rcov Xoycov 6 TLaaadpepvr}<$ ^cXocppovov- 27 
 fjievos rore [xev fievetv re avrbv iKeXevae Kal avvBei- 
 ttvov eiroiiqcraTO. rfj Be varepala 6 KXeapyos eXOcbv 
 iirl rb arparoireBov Br)Xb<$ t' rjv irdvv <^lXikS)<s olo- 
 fievo<z BtaKelaOai tS Tcaaa(pepvei Kal a eXeyev eKelvos 
 aiTTjyyeXXev, ecfrr] re yprjvao levav nrapa Tcacratpepvrjv 
 ou? ifceXevcre, Kal ot av eXey^Ocdcri BiafiaXkovres rcov 
 t EXX7]vcov, co? TrpoBoras avrovs Kal KaKovovs rot? rr EX- 
 Xr}cnv ovras TificoprjOrivao. vizozineve Be elvai rbv Bca- 28 
 ffdXXovra Mevcova, eiBcbs avrbv Kal avyyeyevT) fievov 
 Ttcraa^epvet jier 'Apcalov Kal erraend^ovra avrw Kal 
 eTrijBovXevovra, ottcos to crrpdrev/jia airav 7rpo? eavrbv 
 Xaficov (f>iXos 7} Tcaaa^epvec. efiovXero Be Kal 6 29 
 KXeapxps airav to crTpdrev/JLa 7rpo? eavTov eyeiv tt\v 
 yvco/xrjv Kal tovs irapaXvirovvTas eK7roBa)V elvai. tojv 
 
56 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 Be arparicorayv dvrekeyov Tives avrco pur) Ikvai iravrm 
 tovs \o-)(ayov^ Kal arparrjyov^ pirjBe mareveiv Ticrcra- 
 
 30 <pepvet. 6 Be Rkeapyos layvpcos Karerecvev, ecrre Boe- 
 irpd^aro nrevre fiev crrparrjyov^ levai, elicocri Be Xoya- 
 yovs • (TVV7]fco\ov9r)crav Be go? eh dyopav /cal rcbv aXkcov 
 arpanorcov o>9 Biaicbcrioi. 
 
 31 'Eirel Be rjaav eirl rah S-vpats rah TiacrcKpepvowz, 
 ol fjuev crrparrjyol rrapeicKiqOrjcrav eicrco, Ilpo^evos Boigo- 
 tios, Mevcov @erra\6$, 'Aycas ^Apicd?, KXeapyos Ad- 
 tccov, ^ooKpdrrjs 'A^cuos' ol Be ~\,o%ayol eirl &vpai<$ 
 
 32 efievov. ov ttoXKo) Be vcrrepov dirb rov avrov arjfieiov 
 ol t' evBov %vve\api{3dvovro /cal ol e^co KareKoirrjcrav. 
 jierd Be ravra rcbv (Bap(3dpcov rive? lirirecov Boa rod 
 ireBiov iXavvovre? cprivu evrvyydvoiev "EXkr/vi r) Bovkco 
 
 33 i) ekevOepco irdvras e/creivov. ol Be ''EWrjves ttjv re 
 l r KTrao'iav avrcov eOavpba^ov etc rov crrparoTreBov opcov- 
 T6? kcl\ o, ri eiroiovv rjficpeyvoovv, irplv Nl/capyos Ap- 
 Kas r}fce cpevycov rerpcopievos eh rr)v yacrrepa ical ra 
 evrepa ev rah yeptrlv eycov, /cal elire rrdvra ra yeyevrj- 
 
 34 pueva. etc rovrov Br) ol (/ E\\r]ve<z eOeov eirl ra oifka 
 irdvres eKTrenrkrjypLevoi koX vofjuityvres avrl/ca rj^etv 
 
 35 avrov? eirl ro arparoireBov. ol Be rrdvre? jiev ov/c 
 rfkOov, 'Apialos Be ical 'Aprdo^os /cal McOptBdrr)?, o'l 
 r)crav Kvpco iriarorarot • o Be rcbv r EKKr]vcov eppLrjvevs 
 ecprj /cal rov Ttcrcracpepvov? dBe\<pbv crvv avroh bpav 
 teal ytyvcocr/ceiv ^vvtjko\ov6ovv Be teal oXXol Uepacbv 
 
 36 reOcopa/acrpLevoi eh rpia/cooriov?. ovroi ercel iyyv? 
 rjaav, irpocreXOelv e/ceXevov el T£? eXr) rcbv * EXkrjvcov r) 
 crrparrjybs r) Xoyayos, iva dirayye'Ckcocri ra rrapa ftacri- 
 
 37 Xeco?. fiera ravra i%r}\0ov cpvkarrojuevoo rcbv r EXkr)- 
 vcov o-rparr]yol jxev KXedvcop 'Op^opievios K,a\ Xo§aL- 
 veros 2jrv/jL(pd\io<;, %vv avroh Be 'Bevocpcov ''AOrjvaZos, 
 07ra)9 fJidOoi ra irepl Upo^evov Xeipicrocjios 8' ervyya- 
 vev diroiv ev fccofirj rcvl %uv aXkois eiricriritppbevo^t 
 
BOOK II. CHAP. V. VI. 57 
 
 iirel Be ecrrrjcrav et? iirrjKOov, elirev *Apia2o$ rdBe. 38 
 KXeap^os fzev, cl) avBpes tr EXXr)ve<s, eirel ernopKiov re 
 
 €<paV7] KCLl TO-9 <J7T0vBa<i XvCOV, €%6t, TT]V BlK7)V KdX T6- 
 
 OvrjKe, Upo^evos Be Kal Mevcov, ore Karrp/yetXav avrov 
 ttjv ernfiovXrjv, ev fieydXy rififj elaiv. vfias Be [6] 
 fiao'iXevs ra oirXa dirairel' avrov yap elval (prjerev, 
 erreLirep Kvpov rjaav rod i/ceivov BovXov. irpbs ravra 39 
 anreKptvavTO ol r/ EXXrjves, eXeye Be KXedvcop 6 'Op^o- 
 fievw £} Ka/aare dvOpcorrcov 'Apiale Kal ol dXXoi, 
 6<jol rjre Kvpov (plXoc, ovk alayyveaOe ovre $eou? ovr 
 avOpGOTrovs, olrives ofiocravres 7)pZv rovs avrovs (piXovs 
 Kal e%0povs vojuietv, irpoBovres r},u<a<; crvv Tcaaacpepvei, 
 tco dOecordrco re Kal iravovpyordrco tovs re avBpa? 
 avTovs oh co/xvvre &>9 diroXwXiKare Kal tovs aXXovs 
 ??/xa? TrpoBeBcoKore? £vv rots rroXepLLOis i<j> rj/xa^ ep-%e- 
 cr6e. 6 Be ' 'Apcalos el7re, KKeap^o^ yap irpoaOev em- 40 
 fiovXevcov (pavepbs iyevero Ticrcracpepvei re Kal 'Opovra, 
 Kal ttclgiv rjjMv rot? %vv rovroi^. eirl tovtois Eevo- 41 
 (pcov rdBe ei7re. KXeap^o? /xev rolvvv el irapa rovs 
 opKovs eXve ra? cnrovBds, rr)v Blkyjv e-^ec BiKaiov yap 
 diroXXvcrOaL rovs e7rLopKovvra^ m Ilpotjevos Be Kal Me- 
 vcov eTreiirep elalv vjikrepoi [xev evepyerai, rjfierepou 
 Be o-rparrjyol, rreyw^are avrovs Bevpo' Br}Xov yap on 
 (piXot ye 6We? dfAcfiorepois nreipdaovrau Kal vfilv Kal 
 7)plv ra (BeXncrra tjv/nfiovXevetv. 7ry?o? ravra ol (3dp- 42 
 j3apoc rroXvv yjpovov BiaXe-yQevres dXXrjXoi^ dirr)X0ov 
 ovBev drroKpivdpievoi. 
 
 Ol [lev Br) crrparrjyol ovrco Xr^devres dvrj^Orjcrav G 
 a>? (Sao-iXea Kal dirorpLrjOevre^ t<x? KecjiaXas ereXev- 
 rijcrav, eh jmev avrtov KXeap^os 6{AoXoyov/JLevQ)<; Ik 
 irdvrcov rcov ep,7reipco<; avrov eyovrwv B6%a<? yevecrdac 
 dvr)p Kal TroXepLiicbs Kal cpiXoTroXefios ea^drco<;. Kal 2 
 yap Br) ew? fiev iroXepios rjv rot? AaKeBai\xovioi^ 7T/50? 
 
 toi)? *A6r}vaiov<$ nrapepuevev, eirel Be elprjvr) eyevero, 
 
 3* 
 
 
58 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 Treicras rrjv avrov rroXiv go? ol OpaKes aZacovat, rov? 
 a 'EXXrjva? teal Biairpa^dpuevos go? eBvvaro rrapa rcov 
 i(popoov e^eirXei co? rroXefXTjaoov to2$ virep Xeppovrjo-ov 
 
 3 Kal HeplvQov ©pa^tv. errel Be jjuerayvovre^ 7rco? 01 
 ecpopoc 77877 e^G) 6W0? avrov diroarpecfyeiv avrov errei- 
 pcjvro i£ 'Icrd/jLov, evravOa ovtciri rreiOerai, aXh! <pX eT0 
 
 4 rrXecov eh ' EXXrjo-rrovrov. etc rovrov Kal eOavarcoOrj 
 inrb rcov ev rfj Xrraprr) reXcov go? direiOcov. rjBr] he. 
 (f)vya<; cov epyerai rrpos Kvpov, Kal oiroiovs puev Xoyois 
 eireicre Kvpov dXXy yey pairrai, BiBcacri Be avrco Kvpos 
 
 5 /Avplovs BapetKOvs' 6 Be Xa/Scov ovk errl paOvfilav erpa- 
 irero, aX)C curb rovrcov rcov ypTj/jbdrcov crvXXe^a^ crrpa- 
 revpLa eiroXepbeu rol<? Gpa^l, Kal fidyr} re evUrjae Kal 
 cltto rovrov Brj e<f>epe Kal rjye rovrov^ Kal rroXepbcov 
 Bieyevero ft£%pi> Kvpos iBerjOr} rod arparevpuaros' rbre 
 
 6 Be dirfjXOev co? f vv eKelvco av iroXefirjcrcov. ravra ovv 
 cpiXorroXefiov fioc BoKel dvBpbs epya elvai, oo~ri<$ e£bv 
 fiev elpr\VY]v eyeiv ilvev alcryyvr)^ Kal (SXajSrjs alpelrai 
 TToXe/jbeiv, e^bv Be pctOvjielv /SovXerai rrovelv ware 
 rroXepbelv, i£bv Be ^prf/iara eyeiv aKivBvvcos alpelrai 
 iroXe/jucov fuetova ravra rroieiv eicelvo? Be cocrirep et? 
 rraiBiKa rj eh aXXrjv riva rjBovrjv rfieXe Barravav eU 
 
 7 TroXejLiov. ovrco fiev <piXo7r6Xe/xo^ r/v Tro/Ve/a/co? Be 
 av ravry iBoKeo elvai, on (fiiXoKivBvvos re r\v Kal 
 rjfiepa? Kal WKrbs ay cov errl rov$ iroXepblov^ Kal ev 
 rot? Betvols cppovifios, go? ol rrapovres rravraypil^nrdvre^ 
 
 8 cb/JLoXoyovv. Kal dpyiKos S' eXeyero elvai go? dvvarbv 
 Sk rov roiovrov rpbirov, otov Kcljcelvos elyev. iKavb? 
 (iev yap go? Tt? Kal aXko<; ^povrl^eiv rjv, ottoo? eyoi rj 
 arparia avrS ra eTTLrrjBeia, ical Trapa&Kevd^eiv ravra, 
 iKavbs Be Kal e [Airoirja at rol<z irapovcriv, go? rreicrreov 
 
 9 e'lrj KXedpyop. rovro S' eiroiei e/c rod %aA.e7ro? elvai* 
 Kal yap bpav crvyvbs rjv Kal rfj (pcovfj rpayvg, Iko- 
 Xa^e re del lo"xypoos, Kal opyfj ivlore, go? koI avrw 
 
 
BOOK II. CHAP. VI. 59 
 
 fjuerafiekeiv ecrd' ore. /cal yvcofirj S' i/coXa^ev d/coXd- 
 (TTOv yap CTTparevfAaTos ovBev tjyetro ocfreXos elvai, 
 dXXd /cal Xeyeiv avTov efyaaav, &)? Beoi tov arpanct)- 10 
 rrjv (fiofielcrOat fiaXkov tov apyovTa r) tovs TroXepbiovs, 
 el jmeXXoi rj (f>vXa/cd<; ^vXd^etv r) cfriXcov dcf)e^eo-6ac r) 
 dirpotyacricrTCds Ikvai irpb^ tou9 TroXeficov^.y/ ev /z.ez/11 
 ovv Tot? Beivols rfieXov avTov d/coveiv crcpoBpa /cal ov/c 
 ciXXov rjpovvTO ol crrpaTtcoTac' /cal <ydp to crrvyvov 
 Tore (haiBpbv avrov ev tois 7rpocra)7rot? echacrav (batve- 
 cruat teat to yaXeirov eppcofi&cfv 7rpo? tovs iroXepLiovs 
 eBo/cec elvai, wo~Te acoTrjpiov /cal ov/ckm yaKeirbv ecf>ai- 
 veTO' 6t6 B* e^co tov Beivov yevoivTo /cal e^elrj 7rpo? 12 
 aXXov? dp^ofievov^ dirikvai, woXXol al)Tov direXeiTrov' 
 to yap eiviyapi ov/c elyev, aXX' del %aXe7rbs r\v /cal 
 o)/xo? • cocrTe Bie/ceivTO 7rpo? avTov ol CTTpaTi&TaL coenrep 
 7ralSe<; 7rpo? BiBda/caXov. /cal yap ovv (friXia fiev ical 13 
 evvoia eiropukvov^ ovBirroTe elyev omw? Be rj virb 
 TToXecos TeTaypbivoi ySvirb tov BelaOai rj aXXy tivI 
 dvdy/crj /caTeyopevoi Trapecrjo-av avTco, a<f)6Bpa ireiOo- 
 fievocs e'vpi^TO. eirel Be rjp^avTO vi/cdv %vv avTto tovs 14 
 TToXefjLLOvs, tfBrj [xeydXa rjv tcl xprjcrl/iovs iroiovvTa el- 
 vai tovs jji/v avT(p o-TpaTcdoTas' to re yap 7rpb<; tov? 
 iroXepblovs QappaXkcos eyeiv irapr)v /cal to tt)v Trap 
 i/cecvov TifjLcopiav <$>o(3elo-6ai avTov? evTa/CTOvs eTroiet. 
 tJiovto^ [xev Br) dpycov r)v • apyecrdai Be virb aXXcov ov 15 
 fidXfi eOkXeiv eXeyeTo. rjv Be bWe eTeXevTa djJbtyl to, 
 TrevTrjKovTa eTTj. 
 
 Up6<~evo$ Be 6 BotcoTios ev6vs puev pieipdiciov o>v 16 
 eireOvfieC yevkaOai dvrjp tc\ fxeydXa irpaTTeiv l/cavo^* 
 /cal Bid TavTrjv tt)v eiriOvjiiav eBco/ce Topyla dpyvptov 
 T(p AeovTLVco. eirel Be avveyeveTO eiceivcp, i/cavbs vo/jll- 17 
 cas 7]Br) elvat /cal dpyeiv /cal cfriXos cbv to2<$ irpwTois 
 jur/ rjTTciaOai evepyeTcbv, rfxOev et? TavTas ra? crvv 
 Kvpco irpd^eis' /cal ooero /cTrjaeaOac e/c tovtcov ovofut, 
 
60 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 jxeya zeal hvvafiiv fieydXrjv zeal ^prjjiara TroWd, 
 
 18 tootovtcov <>' eiri6v[xcov crcpohpa evhrjXov av zeal tovto 
 cl^ev, 0Tl t °vtcov ovBev av QeXoi KTaaOai fxera dBi- 
 klcls, dWd crvv tw Bizealco zeal zeaXco ojero Beiv tovtcov 
 
 19 Tvy^dveiv, dvev Be tovtcov /jltj. dp^eiv Be zeaXcov fJbev 
 teal ayaOcov BvvaTo? r)v ov fievToi ovt alheo tois 
 o~TpaTicoTais eavTOv ovre cpofiov l/eavbs e/xmoirjcrai, 
 dXXd zeal r)cryyveTO [xdXXov tov$ CTTpaTicoTas rj ol 
 dpyofievoi izeeivov, koX cfiofiov/jievos fiaXXov rjv cpavepbs 
 to dire^ddvecrOai to£9 o-rparicorat^ rj ol crrpancoTac 
 
 20 to dirio-Telv eteeivco. coeTO he dp/eeiv 777509 to dpyitebv 
 elvai zeal hozeeiv top fiev zeaXcb? iroiovvTa iiraiveiv, tov 
 Be dhizeovvTa fir) eiraivelv. TOiyapovv aiiTco ol fiev 
 zeaXoi Te tear/ ad ol tcov gvvovtcov evvoi rjcrav, ol he dhi- 
 koi eirefiovXevov &>? ebfieTayeiplcTTcp ovti. otc he dire- 
 Ovrjcrzeev rjv eTcbv &>9 TpidteovTa. 
 
 21 Mevcov he 6 QeTToXbs hr)\o$ rjv eiriQvficov fiev 
 TfkovTelv lar'xypcbs, eiriOvjxcov he dpyeiv, qitcos irXeico 
 KajjbfidvoL, iircduficov he TifidcrOai, %va irXeico zeephatvoi' 
 <j)l\o<; Te i/SovXeTO elvai tois fieyicrTa hvvafievois, Xva 
 
 22 dhitecov jll7] hiholrj hizerjv. V eTrl he to zeaTepyd^ecrOai cov 
 eiriQvfioir] avvTOficoTaTTjv coeTO ohbv elvai hid tov eiri- 
 opteelv Te zeal tyevhecrdai zeal e^arraTav, to 8' dirXovv 
 
 23 teal to dXrjOe? evofii^e to avTO tco rjXiOico elvai. crTep- 
 ycov he cpavepbs /.Lev rjv ovheva, otco he cpacrj <£tA,09 
 elvai, tovtco evhrjXo? eyiyveTO e7ri[3ovXevcov. zeal nro- 
 Xefilov fJiev ovhevos zeaTeyeXa, tcov he ctwovtcov irdvTcov 
 
 24 d)? zeaTayeXcbv del hieXeyeTO. zeal tois fiev tcov 7roXe- 
 filcov zeTr]fiao~iv ovze eirefiovkeve' ^aXeirbv yap coeTO 
 elvai to, tcov cpvXaTTOfievcov Xafifidveiv tc\ Be tcov <fci- 
 \cov fiovos coeTO elhevai pacrTov bv d<f>v\a/eTa \apLJ3d- 
 
 25 veiv. zeal ocrov? f^bv alcrOdvoiTo eVtop/rou? zeal dhizeov? 
 a>? ev coirXio-fievov<; i(j)o/3eLTO, tois S' octiois zeal dXrj- 
 Oeiav dazeovcriv co? dvdvhpoi<; eireipaTO yjprjcrQai. 
 
BOOK II. CHAP. VI. 61 
 
 coairep he Tt? dydXkeTCti eVl Seocrefiela koX d\7)delci26 
 fcal SiKaLOTrjTt,, outco Mevcov rjydWero tco i^airardv 
 hvvacrOai, tco nrkdcracrOai yjrevhr], tw (f)l\ov<? hiaye\dv 
 tov he fMT] iravovpyov tcov dircuhevTcov del evofii^ev el- 
 vac, jcal Trap' ol? puev eire^elpev irpcoTeveiv cjxXta, 
 hiafidWcov tov? irpcoTOVS tovtovs cocto hecv KTTjcra- 
 aQai. to Se ireiOofievovs tov<$ crTpaTicjOTa? irape^ecrOai 27 
 etc tov Gvvahiicelv avidly ipb^-^avdro. Tip,dcrQai Be 
 koX QepcnrevecrOai, rfelov eiriheiKVVjJievo^, ore ifkelcna 
 hvvaiTO teal eOekoi dv dhacelv. evepyecriav he fcare- 
 \eyev, 07r6re Tt? clvtgv d^lcrraro, on %pcopLevo<; avTco 
 ovk aTrcokeaev clvtov. V /cal rd puev hr) depavrj e^earc 28 
 irepl clvtov tyevheo-Qai, a he Trdvres Laaac rdh" ecrrL 
 irapd ^ApiGTLTTTrcd fiev ere cbpalos cov crrpaT7]yelv hce- 
 irpd^aTO tcov £evcov, ^ Apiaico he /3ap/3dpco ovtl, ore 
 fiecpafcloc<; /caXols rjheTO, oltceioraTos en coptuos cov 
 iyevero, clvtos he TrcuhiKa efye ©apvirav dyeveoos cov 
 yeveicovTa. dirodvrjGKovTcov he rcov gvctt parity cov, on 29 
 io-rpdrevcrav iirl (BaaCKea %vv Kvpco, ravrd ireiroir]- 
 /cgo? ovk direQave, fierd he tov tcov dXkcov S-dvaTov 
 GTpaT7\ycov TifJLCoprjOeXs vtto j3ao~i,\eco$ direQavev, ofy 
 coairep KXeap'Xps kcl\ ol dXXoc GTpaTrjyol diroT /lct] 6 ev- 
 T69 ra? KecpaXds, oenrep TayicrTO^ 3-dvaTO<$ hoxel elvcu, 
 dXXd ^cov aliaaOeXs eviavTov &)? irovrjphs XeyeTac t?}? 
 TeXevTrjs TW^eiv. 
 
 'Ayia? he 6 'Apfcds koX ^cofcpaTT)? 6 ^A^cuos teal 30 
 tovtco a7redaveT7jv. tovtcov he ovd* co? ev rroXepLco 
 kclkcov ovhels KdTeyeka ovt eh cpiXiav clvtovs i/me/A- 
 cpeTo. 7]ctt7]V he dficpco dp,cf)l tc\ irevTe kcu TpiaKovTa 
 €tt] diro yeveds. 
 
62 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 BOOK HI. 
 
 1 f Oct a /lev hr) iv ry dvaj3dcret rfj pberd Kvpov oi 
 "EXXrjves eirpa^av ^XP L T ^ P^X 7 !?* KCbl ocra, iirel 
 Kvpo$ ireXevrrjcrev, iyevero dircovrcov rcov ^EXXrjvcov 
 crvv Ttcraacpepvei, iv Tat? cnrovhals, iv rep TrpocrOev 
 
 2 Xoyw heh?]Xcorac. eVel he oi re crrpaT^yol avveiXrj/jL- 
 pL&vob rjcrav teal rcov Xo^aycov teal tcdv crrparbcoTcov ol 
 crvveiropbevoL diroXcoXecrav, iv iroXXfj hr) diropia rjcrav 
 ol "EXXrjves, ivvoovpuevoi [xev, on inn, reus fiacriXecDS 
 &vpai$ rjcrav, tcvteXrp he avrols nravrrj 7roXXa ical eOvrj 
 teal TroXecs iroXejiiai rjcrav, dyopdv he ovhels en nrapk- 
 %eiv e/ieXXev, direlypv he rrjs 'EXXdhos oh fielov i) 
 fjuvpua crrdhca, rjye/Jicbv 8' ovheh Trjs ohov rjv, Trorafiol 
 he hielpyov dhidfiarob iv fiecrcp rij<s otteahe ohov, irpov- 
 hehwteecrav he avrovs teal ol crvv Kvpcp dva(Bdvre<$ (3dp- 
 fiapob, pLovob he tearaXeXebix/xivob r)crav ovhe lirirea 
 ovheva avpupua^pv eyovjes, cocrre evhrjXov rjv, ore vbiecbv- 
 t€? fiev ovheva av teaTatedvobev, rjTrrjdevrcov he avrcov 
 
 3 ovhel? civ XebcpOelrj. ravra ivvoov/ievob teal ciOv/icos 
 e^ovTes bXlyob /lev avrcov eh rr)v ecnrepav crirov iyev- 
 cravro, okiyoi he irvp dveteavcrav, iirl he rd oirXa ttoX- 
 Xol ovte rjX0ov ravrrjv rr)v vvtera, dveiravovro he oirov 
 irvy^avev eteao~TO<$, ov hwdpuevob teaOevhebv inrb Xvirrjs 
 teal nroOov trarpiheav, yovecov, yvvactecov, iralhcov, ou? 
 ovttot evofjbi^ov en, o^ea-Bab. ovrco fiev hr) hcateei- 
 fjuevoL Trdvres dveiravovro. 
 
 4 "*Hv he rt? iv rfj crrparba l Bevo<pcov ^AOrjvaios, o? 
 ovre aTparrjybs ovre Xo%ayb<> ovre crrparicbrrjs cov 
 crvvrjieoXovOeb, dXXd Upo^evos avrbv pLereirefi-^aro ol- 
 KoOev %evo$ cov dp^alo^ • hiricryyelTO he avrca, el eXOoi, 
 cpiXov avrbv Kvpco Troi^creiv, ov avrbs ecj>r) tepeLTTto 
 
BOOK III. CHAP. I. 63 
 
 iavTQ) vofjil^eiv 77}? irarpLBo<$. 6 fjiivTOO iaevo(f)(x)v dva- 5 
 yvovs ttjv emaroXrjv dvanoivovrai ^cofcpdrec t<£> *A6r}- 
 valw rrepl rr)$ rropelas. kcli 6 ^cotcpdrr)*; inroTrrevcra^ 
 jxrj n 7rpo? t?}? 7rokew<; errairiov ecrj Kvpcp (piXov yeve- 
 ctOcll, otl eBoiceu 6 Kvpos TrpoOv/jLcos roh AatceBaipboviois 
 eirl ra? *A6r)va<; <TV/uL7ro\€jjLf)crcu, avfi^ovXeveu roi &evo- 
 (f>cx)vrc ekOovra eh AeX<pov$ ava/cowcoo-cu tg5 &e£> rrepl 
 rrjs Tropelas. eX6u>v S' 6 'Bevocpcov errrjpero rbv 'AiroX- 6 
 Xo), rivi av Qeaiv Qvoov teal evyop^evo^ /caXXcar av ical 
 aptara eX6oi rr)v 6B6v, rjv emvoel, teal /caX6o<; irpa^as 
 o~o)6eir). teal dvelXev avrat o AiroKXwv Seoh oh eBec 
 Svecv. eVel Be rrdXiv r)X0e, Xeyet rr)v fiavretav rco 7 
 XwKpdret. o 8' d/covcras r)naro avrov, ore ov rovro 
 rrp&rov rjpoora, rrorepov Xwov eir) avrS rropeveaOai r) 
 jxevetv, dX)C clvtos KpLvas Ireov elvat rovr eirvvQdvero, 
 07ra)? av tcaXXtcrra rropevOeirj. errel ptevrot ovra)<; r]pov, 
 ravr , 6(p7}, %pr) rrotelv, ocra 6 Seo? eKeXevaev. 6 puev 8 
 8t) aevo^cov ovrco, Qvcrdfievos oh dvelXev 6 3-eos, e'^e- 
 rrXet teal KaraXap,{3dvet ev ^dpBecrt Upo^evov ical Kv- 
 pov fieXXovras rjBr) op/xav rr)v avco 6B6v, teal crvvearddrj 
 Kvpq). TrpoOvfJLOvfJLevov Be rod Upo^evov ical 6 Kvpos 9 
 av/jL7rpov0vfielTO fielvat avrov elire Be ore, erretBdv 
 rdytcrra r) crrpareca Xtj^jj, evOvs diroTrepi^etv avrov. 
 eXeyero Be 6 crroXo? elvat eh liter [Ba<^. ear par ever o 10 
 jjuev By ovra><; e^arrarrjOeh, ov^ biro Ilpo^evov ov yap 
 fjBeo rr)V eirl fiaaiXea opjurjv ovBe aXXos ovBels rcov 
 'EXXrjvcov irXrjv KXedp^ov eirei [xevroi eh KcXiKiav 
 rfkdov, cracpes rracnv tjBti eBo/ceo elvai, ore 6 crroXos ecrj 
 iirl ftacrcXea. <fio{3ovfjLevoc Be ri]V bBbv zeal a/covres 
 OyCto)? ol 7roXXol Bo 1 alo-^vvTjv real dXXrfkwv ical Kvpov 
 avvTjKoXovdrjaav' <bv eh fcal Hevo<f>o)v rjv. eirel Sell 
 diropia yv, eXvirelro /xev aiiv roh aKkots tcai ov/c iBv- 
 varo tcaOevheiv fjuucpbv 8' vttvov Xa^cov elBev ovap. 
 eBo^ev avrw /3povri)s yevo[ievr]<; afcrjirrbs rreaelv eh 
 
64 XEN0PH02TS ANABASIS. 
 
 tt)v irarpwav ol/clav, /cal i/c tovtov Xd\iTreaQai iraaav* 
 
 12 7repi(f)o/3os 8' evdvs dvyyepOr), /cal to ovap irfj fiev 
 e/cpLvev dyaOov, on ev ttovols cov /cal /CLvhvvoL? <pco<; 
 fjieya e/c Alos loelv eoo^e' Try be /cau ecpopeoTO, oti airo 
 A lo<s fiev jBaaiKecos to ovap eho/ceL clvtco elvai, kv/cXw 
 he eho/ceL XdfnrecrOaL to Tvvp, fir] ov hvvauTO e/c r?}? 
 'Xcbpas e^eXOelv tt}? /3aac\eco<;, dXX' etpyoLTO irdvToOev 
 
 13 vtto tivcov diropi&v. ottolov ti jJLevToi eo-Ti to toiov- 
 tov ovap Ihelv e%eo~TC cncoirelv i/c tcov av^dvTcov [xeTa 
 to ovap. yiyveTai yap Tahe. evdvs eVetS/) dvijyepOrj 
 TrpodTov fiev evvoia ai)Tw epuTTLTTTei, tl /caTa/ceL/Liac ; 7) 
 Be vv% Trpo[3aiveL' d^a he tjj r\yukpa el/cbs tov<$ TroXe- 
 fjLiovs rj^eLv. el Be yevrjaofxeOa iirl (BacriKel, ti i/Airo- 
 h<bv fir) ov^l irdvTa fiev tcl ^aXeircoTaTa iirihovTas, 
 nrdvTa he tcl heLvoTaTa iraQovTas vfipL^ofievovs diro- 
 
 14 Oavelv ; oVa)? 8' d/JLvvov/ieda ovhels irapacncevd'CfiTai 
 ovhe inrLfxeXelTaL, dXkd /caTa/ceifieOa cocrirep e^bv rjorv- 
 %iav dyeiv. eyco ovv tov e/c iroias 7r6Xecos GTpaTiqybv 
 Trpoo~ho/ccb TavTa irpd^eLV ; iroiav V rfkL/ciav ifiavTO) 
 iXOelv dvajievco ; ov yap eycoy eTL 7rpeo-(3vTepo<$ ecro- 
 
 15 fiaL, idv Trifiepov irpohtb ifiavTov tol$ iroXefjLLOLS. i/c 
 tovtov dvLCTTaTaL /cal crvy/caXel tovs Ilpo^evov 7rpcoTOV 
 Xo%ayov<$. eirel he avvrjX0ov, eXe^ev, 'Eyco, co avhpes 
 Xo^ayol, ovTe /caOevheLV hvva/naL, odcnrep, olfiaL, ovh' 
 
 16 vjJbels, ovTe /caTa/celaOaL eTL, opcov, ev olols iajjuev. oi 
 jjlev yap 7ro\e/iLOL hrjXov otl ov irpoTepov Trpbs rjjLLa? 
 tov 7r6\ep,ov e^etprjvav irplv ivo/iLo-av /caX&s tcl eav- 
 tcov 7rapea/cevda6aL, rjficov 8' ovhels ovhev dvTeniybe- 
 
 17 XelTaL, oVci)? &)<? /cdXkLcrTa dycovLov/xeOa. /cal jjltjv el 
 v(j>7)o-6/jLe0a /cal iirl /SacrLXel yevrjcro/jieda, tl olofieda 
 ireicreaQaL ; 09 /cal tov of,tofir]TpLov /cal tov opbOTraTplov 
 dheXcpov /cal TeOvrj/cdTGS rjhrj diroTepLwv tt)v /cecfiaXrjv 
 /cal tt\v y/lpa dveaTavpwaev rjfAcLs he, ol<; Krjhe/xcbv 
 [iev ovhels irdpecrTLv, eaTpaTevcrajiev he eir avTov co<? 
 
BOOK III. CHAP. I. 65 
 
 BovXov avri fiacnXecos iron^aovTe^ teal airoKrevovvre^y 
 el Bvvai/ieOa, tl av olofieOa iraOelv ; dp ov/c av iirl 18 
 ttclv eXOoi, &)? rjjjLas ra eayara alKiadjievo^ irdaiv 
 av0pa)TTOL<; (pofiov irapdayoi tov arparevcraL irore ew 
 avrov ; aXh! oVo?? tol fir) eir eteeivco yevrjaofieOa irdvTa 
 TTOLTjreov. i<ya) fiev ovv, eare fiev al airovBal rjaav, 19 
 ovTTore €7rav6/jL7]v rjjjLcis fiev olfcreLpcov, fiaatXea Be teal 
 tou? aiiv avTco fiateapl^wv, BiaOeco/nevos avTcov ogtyv 
 jxev ^copav teal olav eypiev, ft)? Be dcj)dova ra eiriTrjBeia, 
 ocrof? Be SepanrovTas, ocra he KTr]vr}, ^pvabv Be, eaOrJTa 
 Be' tcl 8' av twv arparKorcov oiroTe ivdvfiotfATjv, ore 20 
 roiv fiev dyaOwv irdvTcov ovBevbs r)[xlv fierecr], el fir) 
 irptaLfieOa, otov S' covrjaofieOa fjBeiv ere oXiyovs eyov- 
 ras, aX\co<; Be 7Tft)? iropi^eaOai rd eTTLrrjBeca r) d>vov- 
 fievovs opteovs r)Brj feaTe^ovTas ^yu-a?' ravr ovv Xoyt- 
 %6fievo<s evlore t<x? cnrovBds fidXkov i^o^ovjirjv rj vvv 
 tov TToXefiov. eirel fievTOi eieelvoi eXvaav Ta? ctttov- 21 
 Sa?, XeXvaOao /not, Boteel teal t) iteelvcov v/3pc<; teal t) 
 y/jLerepa virotyia. ev fieaco yap rjBr] teelrai, ravra rd 
 dyaOd dOXa oiroTepoi dv rjfioov dvBpe<; dfielvoves obenv, 
 dyoovoGerai, 8' ol S-eoi elaiv, ol crvv rjfilv, ft)? to ei/co?, 
 eaovrac. ovtol fiev yap avTOV<$ i7rccopK7]/eacnv ■ rffiel^ 22 
 Be iroXXd opcovres dya6d crTeppcbs avrcov direiypfieQa 
 Bid tov<$ Twv Qecbv opteovs. ware e^elval fioo Bo/eel 
 levai eirl tov dycova ttoXv avv (ppovijjuaTO fieiCpvi i) 
 tovtois. eTt 8' eyofiev croofiaTa IteavcoTepa tovtcov 23 
 teal tyvx 7 } Kai QdXirr) teal ttovovs <pepecv eyopev Be 
 teal 'yjrv^d^ avv rot? $eo£? dfielvovas • ol Be avBpe<; teal 
 TpcoTol teal QvrjTol fiaXXov r)/jL(ov, tjv ol Beol, coairep 
 to irpoaOev, viterjv rjfuv BiBwcriv. dXX y tcra)? yap teal 24 
 aXXoc TavT evdv/AovvTac, 7rpo? tcov Qecov /ir) dvajxe- 
 vcofiev aXXovs e<£' rj/ids eXOelv irapaicaXovvTas eirl Ta 
 tedXXto-Ta epya, a\X' ^yLtet? dp^cofiev tov e^op/xr)o~ai 
 teal tol»? dXXovs eirl tt)v dpeTr\v. <fidvr]Te tcov Xo%a- 
 
66 xekophon's anabasis. 
 
 ywv dpicrroc Kal roov crTparrjycov d^ioaTpaTTjyoTepou 
 
 25 icaycb Be, el jjlIv vpueh eOeKere e^opfiav eirl ravra, eVe* 
 adai vfuv (BovXopLai, el B\ v/jieis rdrrere \xe r)yeta6at, 
 ovBev irpo^aaiCpixab ttyv iiXiKiav, dXXd teal atcfia^eiv 
 jjiyov/jLCLL ipvKevv air e\xavTov ra fcafcd. 
 
 26 *0 fiev tclvt eXe^ev, oi Be Xoyayol aKOvaavTeq 
 ravra rjyelaOao e/ceXeuov iravres, irXr)v ''AiroXXwviBr]^ 
 Tt? rjv /3oLcoTid^cov rfj (pcovfj- ovtos S' elmev, ore (j)Xva- 
 poLT] octtis Xeyoi aXXo)? 7rG>9 acoTrjpLas av Tvyelv rj 
 ftaaiXea ireiaas, el BvvaiTO, teal ajxa r)pye.TO Xeyeiv 
 
 27 77X9 dnzopia^. 6 puevroi, tzevocfycbv fiera^v v7roXa/3(bv 
 eXe^ev a>Be. 9 «f2 &avpLaaid>TaTe avOpwire, av ye ovBe 
 opcov yiyvcaaKeis ovBe d/covcov jiejxvr)crai. ev ravra) ye 
 fievroi rjcrOa tovtov, ore /3aat,Xev$, eirel Kvpos dire- 
 6ave, pueya cf>povrjaas eirl tovtq) 7rejn7rcov eicekeve irapa- 
 
 28 BiBbvai la oirXa. eirel Be yfjuels ov irapaBovTes, dXX* 
 e^cDTrXicrpLevoi, ek66vre<$ TrapeaKr)vr}aa\Jbev avrw, ri ovk 
 eiroL7]ae nrpeafieis nrepLTTccv Kal airovBds alrcov Kal 
 
 29 irapeyoav ra eTTLTrjBeia, ecrre airovBwv ervyev ; eVel 
 B' av oi o-Tparrjyol Kal Xoyayoi, toairep Br) av KeXeveis, 
 eh Xoyovs avrols avev ottXcov rjXOov iriaTevaavre^ Tal? 
 airovBals, ov vvv eKelvoi iraiopbevoi, KevTovfievoi, vftpi,- 
 t,6jievoi ovBe diroOavelv oi rXrjjiove<; Bvvavrai, Kal pidX\ 
 ol/iai, ip&vres tovtov ; a av irdvra elBoos tovs puev 
 dpuvveaQai KeXevovra<; (pXvapelv (pys, ireiQeiv Be ttclXiv 
 
 30 KeXevets lovras ; e/iol Be, a) dvBpes, BoKel rov avOpco- 
 ttov tovtov firjTe irpoaieaQai eh TavTO rjfilv avTofc 
 dcpeXofjuevovs Te tt)v XoyayLav aKevrj dvaQevTa^ C09 
 TocovTfp %prjadat. ovto<; yap Kal tt)v iraTpiBa KaTai- 
 ayyvei Kal irdaav Tip 'EXXdBa, oti r EXXtjv cov tol- 
 
 31 o0tc9 eaTiv. evTevQev vTroXafioov ''Ayaaias ^TVjn(pdXco<; 
 elirevt *AXXd tovtu> ye ovTe ttjs BoLCDTta? irpoarjKeb 
 ovBev ovTe tt)<; 'EXXdBos TravTairaaiv, eVel eyeb avTov 
 eloov wairep AvBbv d^oTepa Ta o)Ta reTpvirrj/xevov, 
 
book in. CHAP. I. 67 
 
 Kal elyev ovTCDS. tovtov fiev ovv airrfKaaav ol Be 32 
 oKXol irapd to,? ra^et? lovres, oirov pev arpaTTjybs 
 o-coo? elr), tov arpar^ybv irapeK&Xovv, oiroOev Be oc- 
 yoiTO, tov VTTOO-Tparrjyov, oirov B' av Xo^ayos crcoo? 
 6L7), tov Xo^ayov. eVel Be iravres GVvrjjXdov, eh to 33 
 irpocrOev tcov ottXcov eKaQeCpvTO' Kal eyevovTO ol avv- 
 eXOovres o-Tparrjyol Kal Xo^ayol a/Acpl row? etcarov. 
 ore Be ravra r/v, a^eBbv fiecrai rjcrav vvtcres. evTavQa 34 
 *IepcovvfJLOS 'HXeZos Trpeo-fSvTaTos cov tcov Ilpo^evov 
 Xoyaycov rjpyeTO XeyeLV coBe. ^HfiZv, co avBpes GTpou- 
 Trjyol kcu Xoyayol, opcocTL tcl irapovTa eBo^e /ecu avToZs 
 crvveXOelv /ecu vjjlcls TrapaKaXecraL, ottcos fiovXevcraifieOa 
 el to BwalfJueOa dyaOov. Xe^ov B\ ecpr), kcu av, co 
 'Bevocpcbv, airep kcu Trpbs rjiid^. e/c tovtov Xeyet TciBe 
 p,evocf)cov. 'AXXa tclvtcl [lev Br) iravTes eTTLaTciy^eQa, 35 
 otl ftaaLXevs kcu TLaaacpepvrjs ot>? fiev iBvvrjdrjaav 
 avveLXrjcpaaLV tj/jlcov, toZ<$ £>' clXXols BrjXov otl einfiov- 
 Xevovaiv, co?, rjv BvvcovTaL, ciiroXeacoaLV. rjfuv Be ye, 
 oIjulcu, ircivTa 7T0L7}Tea o)9 jjlt]itot eirl rot? (3ap{3cipoi<$ 
 yevcojieOa, aXXa fidXXov, i)v Bvvco[ie6a, eKeZvoL e^' 
 rj/xZv. ev toLvvv eiriaTaaOe, otl v/JLels toctovtoi ovTes, 36 
 bcTQi vvv avveXtiXvOaTe, fieyiaTov e^ere Kcupov. ol yap 
 GTpcuTicoTcu ovtoi irdvTe^ 7rpb<$ vjuLas j3Xe7rovaL, KCLV 
 [lev vfids bpcocriv dQv\xovs, ir&VTes kcikoI ecrovTcu, rjv 
 Be vjJLels avTol re irapaaKeva^opbevoL cpavepol rjTe eirl 
 tov$ 7roXefJLLOv<; Kal tovs ciXXovs irapaKaXrjTe, ev lo~Te 
 
 OTL e^OVTCLL V/xZv KOL TTCLpdaOVTaL /JLL/XeZaOaL. 60-(W9 37 
 Si TOL KCU BlKaLOV CCTTLV V/JLCLS BiacjyipeLV TL TOVTCOV. 
 
 v/JLels ycip e'erre GTpaTr\yoi, v/jLels Ta^iapyoL koX Xo^a- 
 yot, Kai ore elpijvr) r\v, v/iels Kal yjpr]yiao'L Kal TLfials 
 tovtcov eirXeoveKTelTe' Kal vvv tolvvv, eirel 7r6A,e/io? 
 ecTTLV, ci^lovv oel vjids avTOVs afielvovs re tov TrXrj- 
 6ov<$ elvaL Kal 7rpof3ovXeveLv tovtcov Kal irpoirovelv, 
 r\v 7rov Bey. Kal vvv irpcoTOV fiev otofiaL av v/accs 38 
 
68 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 fieya ovrjaai to arpdrevfjea, el i7rifie\7j0e[r]T€ oircos 
 avrl twv aTrdkafkoTcov &>? Tayicna GTpaTrjyol Kal 
 Xo^ayol avTi/caracTTaOcbo-iv. dvev yap dpypvTWV ov- 
 hev dv ovre tcaXbv ovre dyaObv yevoiTO, a>? fiev avv- 
 eXovTi elnrelv, ovha/mov, ev he orj to£? iroXefJLiKols iravrd- 
 iraaiv. rj fiev yap evratjia aco^eiv hoKei, rj he dra^ta 
 
 39 7roXXou? rfhrj diroX<i>XeKev. eireihav he KaraaTrjarjcrOe 
 tov<=> apypvTas ocrou? hel, rjv teal tovs dXXovs crrpa- 
 TicoTas crvXXeyrjTe Kal irapaOappvvrfTe, olfiai dv vfids 
 
 40 irdvv ev fcatpo) nroirjcrai. vvv fiev yap icro)? Kal vfieis 
 alaOdveaOe, &>? d6v/JLQ)<; fiev r)X6ov eirl rd oirXa, d6v- 
 fjLcos he 7rpo9 Tas (frvXa/cds' coare ovtco y e^ovrcov ovk 
 olha o, ti av Tt? %prjaaiTO avTols elre vvktos heoi ti 
 
 4 L elre Kal rffiepa^. rjv he Ti? avTcov Tpe^rr) t«? yvoofias, 
 a>9 fir) tovto [xovov ivvocovrai, ti TreiaovTai, dXXa Kal 
 
 42 ti TroirjGovcri, ttoXv evdvfiorepot, eaovrac. eirlaraade 
 yap h/], on ovre 7rXi]66<; ecrrtv ovre t'cr^u? r) ev tco 
 TroXefico t<W vUas iroiovcra, aXX' oirorepoi dv crvv toZs 
 $eo£? rat? ^v^ais eppcofievearepoi ccoaiv eVl tovs iro- 
 Xefilow?, tovtovs c»9 eirl to ttoXv ol evavTioi ov he^ov- 
 
 43 Tab. evTeOvfirjfiai h ' eycoye, w avhpes, Kal tovto, oti, 
 gttoctoi fiev fiacrTevovcri ^r)v Ik iravTos Tpoirov ev tols 
 7ro\efjLiKol<;, ovtoi fiev KaKcb? Te Kal ala^pw^ cJ? eirl 
 to iroXv diroOvrjo-Kovaiv, oirocroi he tov fiev S-dvaTOV 
 eyvd>Kao~i irdai koivov elvai ical dvayKaiov dvQpd>iroi<$, 
 Trepi he tov koXgos diroOvrjcrKeiv dycovl^ovTac, tovtovs 
 opco fidXXov 7reD<; et? to yjjpas dfyiKVOvfievovs Kal ea)? 
 
 44 dv ^(ocnv evhaijjbovso-Tepov hudyovTas. a Kal rjfjbd^ hel 
 vvv KaTa\xaQbvTa<$, ev Tocoi/Tcp yap KatpS ecrfiev, av- 
 Tou? Te avhpas dya6ov<$ elvai Kal rou? aXkovs irapa- 
 
 45 KaXelv. 6 fiev TavT elircov eiravaaTo. fieTa he tovtov 
 elire Xeipicrocjios, 'A\\d irpoaOev fiev, a> aevocp&v, to- 
 ctovtov fLovov ere eytyvwcTKOV, ocrov tjkovov ^AOrjvalov 
 elvai, vvv he Kal eiraiv^ ere e<$ oU Xeyeis Te Kal 
 
BOOK III. CHAP. I. II. 69 
 
 irp&TTeis, fcal fiovXoLfirjv av otl irXeio-TOVs elvao tolov- 
 tov?' kolvov yap av etij to dyaOov. Kal vvv, €(f>rj, fir) 46 
 fieXXcofiev, c5 avSpes, dXX' aTreXOovTes rjBr) alpelaOe ol 
 Beo/ievoo acwovTas, Kai eXofievoi rj/cere et? to fieaov tov 
 crTpaTOireMv Kal tov<; alpedevTas ayeTe' eireiT i/cel 
 avyKaXovfiev tov<$ aXXov? GTpaTicoTas. irapeaTco S' 
 rjjMv, e<prj, Kal ToX/ilBr)? o KTjpv^. Kal d/ia TavT el- 47 
 
 7TCOV aV6G~T7), &)? fir) fieXXoiTO, dXXd TTEpaiVOLTO TO, 
 
 BeovTa. eK tovtov ypeOrjaav ap^ovTes clvtI fiev KXedp- 
 yov Tifiacrlcov Aaphavevs, glvtI Be XcoKp&Tovs HavOi- 
 K\r)s ' ' Ayaios, clvtI Be Ayiov KXedvcop 'ApKas, clvtI 
 Be Mevcovos <J>i\/]o~io<> ^Ayaios, clvtI Be JJpo^evov He- 
 vocpcov 'AdrjvaLOS. 
 
 'Errel Be f/prjvTO, rjfiepa re cryeBbv virecpaive Kal et? 2 
 to fieaov tjkov ol ap'XpvTes. Kal eBotjev avTols irpo- 
 (pvkaKas KaTao-TTjaavTas crvyKaXetv tovs crTpaTLcbTas. 
 eTrel Be Kal ol aXXoi GTparicoTai o~vvr)X6ov, dvecrTT) 
 irpoiTov fiev Xecpccrocfios 6 AaKeBacfiovcos Kal eXe^ev 
 coBe. **£! avBpes crTpaTicoTai, ^aXeird fiev tcl irapovTa, 2 
 oiTOTe dvBpcov o-TpaTrjycov tolovtcov crTepofieOa Kal** '*/* ' 
 Xoyaycov Kal crTpaTicoTcov, irpb<; 8' eTi Kal ol dficpl 
 ^Apialov, ol irpoaOev GVfifiayoi 6We?, irpoBeBcoKacrcv 
 7]jjua<;' oficos Be Bel eK tcov irapovTcov avBpas dya6ov$ 3 
 re eXOelv Kal fir) vfyiecrOai, dXXa TreipdaOai, oVco?, 
 i)v fiev BvvcofieOa, KaXcos vLKcbvTes crco^co/ieda' el Be fir}, 
 dXXd KaXcos ye dnroOvrjcrKcofiev, viroyelpioi Be fiiqBeiroTe 
 yevd>fie6a tfovTes rot? iroXefiiois. oiofiai yap av rjjids 
 TOiavTa iraOelv, ola tov<$ e^0pov<; ol &eol irou'icreiav. 
 eirl tovtco KXedvcop ^Op^ofievio^ dvecrTT) Kal eXetjev coBe. 4 
 'AX7J opaTe fiev, co avBpes tt)v /3acnXeco<$ eiriopKiav 
 Kal dcrefteiav, opaTe Be Tr)v Ticraa^epvov^ diriaTLav, 
 ocTTt? Xeycov d)? yeiTcov re el'rj ttjs 'EXXdBos Kal irepl 
 irXelcTTOV av nroirjcraiTO croicrai rjfjLas, Kal eirl tovtois 
 ai/Tos dfiocras r)p,lv, avTos Sefta? Bovs, avTos e^aira^ 
 
70 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 TTjcras avveka^e tovs <tt parity ovs, teal ovhe Ala %evioi 
 rjheaOr}, dXXa Kkedpyay fcal o/jLOTpdire^os yevojievos 
 avTots tovtois l^aiTwriqaa^ tovs dvhpas diroX&XeKev. 
 
 5 'Apiaios he, bv rjfJLeis r)6eXojJbev /SacnXea. KaOiaravat, 
 teal iScofca/jLev koI eXdfiofiev iriara /ultj irfw&aicreiv dX- 
 XrjXovs, fcal ovtos ovre tov<$ $eou? heiaas ovre Kvpov 
 tov T€0v7]fc6ra alheaOels, TifMco/JLevos fidXiara virb Kv- 
 pov ffivTOS, vvv 77750? tovs eiceivov €%6io~tov<s diroaTas 
 
 6 rjfias tovs Kvpov cplXovs xafccos irotelv ireipd/rai. dXka 
 tovtovs [lev ol S-eol diroTLcraiVTO' 7][xds he Set ravra 
 opoovras firjiroTe e^aTrarrjBrjvai, en vtto tovtcov, dXXd 
 /la^o/jievovs &>? dv hwoajieOa /cpdroara tovto, 6, tl dv 
 hoicf] tols f&eot?, irdayeiv. 
 
 7 'E/c tovtov zievo(p(x)V dviQ~TCLTai iarTak/JLevos iirl 7ro- 
 Xe/Jiov w? eBvvaro /cdWco-ra, vofil^cov, elre vlktjv hchocev 
 ol &eoi, rbv /cdXXcaTov /coo-fiov tS vlkclv nrpeireiv, etre 
 TeXevrdv heoi, bpOws eyew tcov fcaXXla-Tcov eavrbv d^cco- 
 aavra iv tovtols 75975 TeXevTrjs rvy^dvetv • tov Xoyov 
 
 8 Be 7]p%eTO coSe. Tr]v [lev t6>v fiapfidpoov eiriopiciav ts 
 teal dirtGTLCLV Xeyeu fiev KXedvcop, eiricrTacrOe he teal 
 vjiels, oljJLaC. el puev ovv (BovXevofjueOa irdXiv avTOts hid 
 (piXias levai, dvdy/CT] rjfids 7roXXrjv dOvpblav eyeiv, opcov- 
 Ta? teal tovs crrparriyovs, ol hid 7rio-Tecos clvtocs eavTOV<$ 
 eveyeipicrav, ola 7reTr6v6ao~iv el jievToi hiavoovfieOa 
 crvv tols ottXols &v re ireTronfjicacn hl/eTjv eiriQelvai 
 avTOL? kclL to Xoarbv hid iravTos iroXefiov avTols levac, 
 avv toIs Qeois iroXXaX tj/ilv koX fcaXal iX7rlhes elarl 
 
 9 crG)T7]pia<;. tovto he XeyovTos avTOv iTTapwral tls' 
 dtcovaavTes S' ol UTpwrioiTai irdvTes [iia op/if} wpocre- 
 Kvvrjcrav tov Qeov, teal Izevocpcov elire, Aoicel fioi, a> 
 iivhpes, eVel irepl acoTrjptag rjfiwv XeyovTcov, olcovbs tov 
 A los tov crcDTrjpos i(j)dv7], ev^aaOai to5 Qea> tovto) 
 Qvcrecv crcoTrjpia ottov dv irpwrov eh (JzlXlclv y&pav 
 d(f)ifC(i)jjLe6a, crvveTrev^aaOat he teal tols dXXois &eoi$ 
 
BOOK III. CHAP. II. 71 
 
 Svcreiv Kara ovva/juiv. Kal otco SoKet ravr , ecprj, dva- 
 reivdrco Tyv yeipa. Kal avereivav aTravres. etc tovtov 
 ev^avTO Kal liraicovicrav. lirel Se tcl tcov Qecov KaXcos 
 el^ev, rfp^ero irctkiv coBe. ^EtTvyyavov Xeycov, otl tto\- 10 
 Xal Kal KCbkaX iXirlBes ?;/ui> elev acoTijpLa^. irpcoTOV 
 fiev yap rj/jLels jxev i/jL7reBovjxev tovs tcov Qecov op/covs, 
 ol Be 7ro\ep,coi eiricopKiqKaGi re Kal ra? crirovBas Kal 
 tovs opKovs XeXvKacrcv. ovrco S' eyovTcov et/co? rot? 
 fiev iroXefiLois ivavTLOv? elvao rou? $eou?, rjficv Be ctv/ul- 
 fidyovs, olirep IkclvoL elen, Kal tov$ fieyaXovs tclX v 
 fiiicpovs iroielv Kal tovs [JLLicpovs, fcav ev Beivols cocrc, 
 crco^eiv eu7reTco?, otclv j3ovXcovTai. eiretTa Be, ava\ivr\- 11 
 crco yap u/xa? Kal roi>? tcov irpoyovcov tcov r\fieTepcov 
 KtvBvvovs, Xva elBrJTe, a>? dyaOols T6 vjjllv irpocrrjKei 
 elvai crco'CpvTai Te ctvv toZs SeoZs Kal e'/c irdvv Betvcov 
 ol dyaOol' eXOovTcov fiev yap Uepacov Kal tcov ctvv 
 a\)Toi<; 7rajLL7r\7]0ei cttoXco a>9 dcpaviovvTcov av6i<; ra? 
 ^Adrjva?, vTTOGTrjvaL avTtus ^ AQr\vaZoi ToXfiTjcravTes 
 ivifcrjaav avTovs. Kal ev^dfievou ttj ^ApTepahi otto- 12 
 crow; av KaTatcdvoiev tcov iroXefilcov TOcravTas %i[ia[pa<; 
 KaTaOvaeiv tj} Qeco, eVel ovk eiyov iKavds evpeZv, eBo- 
 %ev avTol? KaT iviavTov irevTaKoalas S-uecv, fcal e.Ti 
 koX vvv diroOvovcriv. eireiTa 6Ve aep^7]<; vcrTepov dyei- 13 
 pas ttjv dvapL0/jL7]TOV GTpaTidv rjXOev eVl tt)v *EXXdBa, 
 Kal tot6 ivUcov ol rjfjbeTepoc irpoyovoi tov<? tovtcov 
 irpoyovovs Kal Kara yrjv Kal KaTa QdXaTTav. cov €cttl 
 fiev T€K/jL7]pia bpav tc\ Tpbiraia, fieyiGTOv Be fiapTvpiov 
 7) iXevOepia tcov iroXecov, iv at? v/JueZs eyeveaOe kol 
 iTpdcj)7]T6' ovSeva yap dvOpcoirov BeairoT^v, dXkd tov<; 
 ^eoL»? irpocTKUvelTe. toiovtcov fiev icrT6 irpoyovcov. oh 14 
 fiev Bt) tovto ye ipco, w? vfMels KaTaicryvveTe avTovs' 
 d\X ov7rco iroWal rj/xepai, def) ov dvTiTa^dfievoc tou- 
 
 TOLS T02s 6K6LVC0V eKyovoL? TToXkaTrkatTLOVS VflCOV aiJTCOV 
 iviKCLTd aVV TOi? &GOLS. Kal T0T6 fl6V 8r) 7T€pl T^9 15 
 
72 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 Kvpov /3acri\eia$ avhpe<; rjTe dyaOoi' vvv 8', oirore 
 
 irepl rfjs vuerepa? crcoTrjpias 6 dycov ian, 7ro\v hrjTrov 
 
 vfias irpoa/]Kei zeal d/ieivova? /cat irpodv/Jborepov^ elvai. 
 
 16 dXkd pur)v zeal S-appaXecorepov? vvv Tcpenrei elvai irpos 
 
 TOVS TToXe/jLLOVS. T0T6 fJL6V jap CLTTeipOl QVTe<$ CLVTWV 
 
 to re ttXt/Oos dfierpov opcovres oficos iroX/jL^crare crvv 
 tS irarptq} (ppovij/xaTO ikvai eh avTov^' vvv he OTrore 
 /cat irelpav rjhr) eyerre avTcov, on QeXovai /cat TroWa- 
 ifkdaioL ovres fir) heyeaOav v/acls, tL em vfilv irpoarjKei 
 *7 tovtovs <^>o(Belcr6ai ; [irjhe jmevroo tovto jietov So^rjre 
 eyew, el oi Kvpecoi irpocrOev crvv r)filv rarrofLevoL vvv 
 d^ecrTrjKaaiv. en yap ovtoi /ca/ccoves elcri tcov vcj) 
 rjfi&v 7]TT7)}ievG)v e<pevyov yovv 7rpo? e/celvovs /cara- 
 \L7r6vres r)fjbd$. tovs he S-e\ovra<; cpvyfjs dpyeiv tto\v 
 /cpelrrov crvv tocs TroXe/jLiocs rarro/jbevov^ rj ev rfj r)jjue- 
 
 18 repa Ta<*ei opav. el Be ti<z av v/jlwv a6v[ie2, oti rjfilv 
 fiev ov/c elcrlv 'nnrels, tol$ Be 7roXe/x/ot9 ttoXKoI ircipei- 
 criv, ivOv/jb^drjre, on oi fivpioi lirirel^ ovhev aXXo rj 
 fivpioi elcrtv dvOpwirov vtto fiev yap lirirov ev fidyrj 
 ovhels Trcoirore ovre hrjyOels ovre \aicncr6e\s direBavev, 
 ol he avhpes elcrlv ol Troiovvres 6, n av ev ral^ fLayais 
 
 19 yLyvr)Tai. ov/covv ra)v ye iTnrewv ttoXv rjfJLeh eV dacpa- 
 Xecrrepov oyfifiaTos ecrfiev ol fiev yap e<£' lttttcov /cpe- 
 fiavrac, <fio{3ovfievoi, ov% rjfias fiovov, dWd zeal to 
 KaTaireaelv r)fiel$ &' iirl yrj<; fie/Brj/coTes 7ro\v fiev 
 IcryypQTepov iralaofiev, r]v Tt? Trpocrlrj, iroXv he fiaXXov 
 otov av {3ov\cofie0a Tev^ofieOa. evt fiovcp Trpoeyovaiv 
 ol LinTels rjfjLcLs' (pevyecv avTols dcrfyaXecrTepov eaTiv 
 
 20 1) qulv. el he hrj tcl<; fxev ftdyas SappetTe, otl he ov- 
 /ceTi rj/nLV Ttcrcra<f)epvr)s r)yr)aeTai ovhe j3acrLkev<; dyopdv 
 nrape^et, tovto d^OecrOe, Gtce-^rauQe iroTepov /cpetTTOV 
 Tcacra^epvrjv rjyefLova eyecv, 09 i7TLf3ov\evcov rjfuv <$>a- 
 vepos ecrTiv, i) ou? av r)fiel<$ avhpa<; Xa/3o^re? r)yela6ai 
 KeXevco/iev, ot eicrovTai, otl, rjv ti irepl r)fid<; ajxapTa- 
 
BOOK III. CHAP. II. 73 
 
 vcocrt, Trepl t<x? eavT&v tyw)(a<; /cal crco/jLara ajiaprd- 
 vovcn. ra Be eTririfieia irorepov covelaOav Kpelrrov 21 
 e/c t?}? dyopas 779 ovtoi irapelypv, pci/cpa, piirpa ttoXXov 
 apyvplov, /jbijBe tovto en, e%ovTa<;, ?} clvtoik; Xapufldveiv, 
 rjVTrep tcparoofiev, fierpq) ^pcofievov;, OTrocrco av e/cacrTos 
 fiovXrjTai. el he ravra \xev ycyvcoa/ceTe ore /cpeiTTova, 22 
 tov$ Be 7TOTafj,c4>s diropov vofil^ere elvai, /cal pLeydXcos 
 r)yelcr9e e^airaTrj6r]vai BiafidvTes, a/ce^aade, el dpa 
 tovto /cal /JLOopoTciTOV TreTTOirj/cacriv ol fidpfiapot,. irdvTes 
 (lev yap ol TroTa/ioo, rjv /cap irpocrco tcov 7rr]yct)v diropoi 
 wen, irpolovat irpos tcls Trrjyas Bta/3aTol ylyvovTai ovBe 
 to ybvv $peyovTe<$. el Be firjO* ol iroTap,ol Bi)]crovaiv, 23 
 rjye/jbcov Te firjBels r)pblv (pavetTac, ovB' o>? r\ybLv ye dOu/nrj- 
 Teov. iiriaTa/jLeOa yap Mvcrovs, ou? ov/c av rj/icov (fiatr)- 
 jjuev j3e\Tiovs elvai, o'c /3acriXecDS ci/covtos ev tj) /3acnXe(D<; 
 Xcopa iroXXds Te /cal evBaipiovas /cal fieydXas iroXets ol- 
 Kovaiv, eTTLCFTdjJLeOa Be Uio-iBas ojcravTcos, Av/cdovas Be 
 /cal avTol elBopiev otc ev tols ireBioL^ to, epvpuvd fcaTa- 
 XafiovTes ttjv tovtcov ywpav /capirovvTac. ical rj/xa^ 24 
 8' av e(J)7]v eycoye yjtrrvai fitjirco (fiavepGvs elvai oc/caBe 
 wp/jbripbivov^, dXXd KaTacrKevateaOai C09 avTov ttov ol- 
 Krjo~ovTa^. olBa yap oti /cal Mvcrois fiacriXevs 7roX- 
 Xou? fiev rjyefiovas av Bolt], 7roXXov$ 6' av opiijpovs 
 tov dBoXcos e/c7repi"^reiv, icaX bBoTroir\creie 7' av avTois 
 teal el avv •TeOpiirTrois /3ovXoivto dirievai. ical ypiiv, 
 <y' av o2cT oti Tpls do-fievo? TavT eiroiei, el ed>pa r\p,as 
 fjueveiv TrapaaKeva^opLevovs. dXXd yap BeBoiica, firj, 25 
 av aira% fidOcofiev dpyol %fjv /cal ev dcpdovois (BioTeveiv 
 /cal MtjBcdv Be /cal Ilepcrcov /caXais /cal p,eydXai$ yv- 
 vai^i /cal irapOevois opuXelv, fir], wenrep ol XcoTOcfrdyoi, 
 eTriXaOdtpbeOa T779 o'l/caBe 6Bov. Bo/cel ovv '^01 el/cbs /cal 26 
 Blfcacov elvai irp&Tov els ttjv 'EXXdBa kqa irphs tovs 
 ol/ceiov? TreipacrOai d^i/cvelaOai ical eiriBel^ai Tot? 
 ( EXXrjaiv, otl e/covTe? rrevovTac, e£bv avTol? tous vvv 
 
 4 
 
74 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 oIkol d/ckiqpovs irdXiTevovTas evddBe /co/jLiaafievovs tt\ov- 
 criovs opav. dXkd yap, co dvBpes, irdvTa ravra rajaOa 
 
 27 Bf}\ov otl roiV fcparovvrcov earl, tovto Br) Bel Xeyetv, 
 ttcos av 7rop€VOi/jbe0d re go? dcrcpaXicrTaTa /cal, el fldye- 
 o~6at, Beoc, a>? fcpdricrTa /ma^oifjueOa. irpoiTov /xev tol- 
 vvv, e<p7], Bo/cel fioi KaraicavcraL Ta? dfid^a^, a? eyppev, 
 tva fjur] tcl ^evyrj rjficov arpar^y, aXkd Tropevco/zeOa 
 07ry av rfj arparoa crvfitfiepr) • eireiTa /cal t<x? cr/cr}vd$ 
 avyicaTaicavcrai. avrac yap av 6 r )(Xov fiev nrapkyovcriv 
 ayeiv, avvaxpeXovcri, 8' ovBev ovre eh to /Jbd^ecrdac ovr' 
 
 28 eh to tcl eTriTrjBeta e^eiv. eri Be /cal t&v aWcov 
 crtcevwv tcl irepiTTa airaWd^oyfiev, ifkr)v oaa TroXefiov 
 eve/cev r) ctltcov r) ttot&v eyopev, Iva co? irXelcrTOL fiev 
 rjfjbtov ev toIs oV/Vot? Gicriv, co? eXayiGTOi Be cr/cevo(f>o- 
 pcocri. /cpaTOVfievcov fiev yap eirlaTaaOe otl irdvTa 
 dXkoTpia" rjv Be KpaTWfjuev, /cal Tovg irdXe/XLov^ Bel 
 
 29 o-fcevocfyopovs r)fieTepov^ vofii%eiv. \oiirbv fioi elirelv 
 oirep /cal fieyiGTov vofiifa elvai. opaTe yap /cal tov$ 
 iroXefiiovs otl ov nrpoaOev e^eveyrcelv eTokjJL^aav 7rpo? 
 rjfjbds TTokefiov TTplv tovs crTpaTTjyov^ rjfioiv crvvekafiov, 
 vofii£,ovTe<; ovtcov fiev tcov dp^ovTcov teal rjfieov ireiOo- 
 fievcov i/cavovs elvai r)fia$ irepiyevecrOai to) irdXefKo, 
 A.a/3cWe? Be toiis ap^ovTas dvapyla av /cal aTa^la 
 
 30 evbfiiCpv r)fid<; diroXeadai. Bel ovv tto\v fiev tov$ 
 apypvTas eirifieXeo~Tepovs yeveaOai tov$ vvv tcov irpo- 
 o~9ev, ttoXv Be tovs dpyofLevovs ei>Ta?CTOTepov<; teal irei- 
 
 31 Qofievovs fiaXkov Toh dpypvai vvv rj irpbaOev. rjv Be 
 Tt? direiQrji r)v ^rri^iarjaOe tov del vfx&v evTvyydvovTa 
 crvv T(p dpypvTi /coXd^etv, ovtcov ol TrdXejJLtoi ifXetcrTov 
 i^evo-fievoL ecrovTac TrjBe yap ttj r)[xepa fivplov? oyjrov- 
 Tai dvQ 1 evbs Kkedp%ov<z toz)? ovB* evl enriTpe-tyovTas 
 
 32 Kaic£> elvai. aXkd yap /cal irepalveiv 77877 wpa • lctcos 
 yap ol TroXifjLiot, avTi/ca irapeaovTai. otco ovv TavTa 
 Bo/cet «aXco9 e^etv, iirc/cvpcoordTco 009 ra^tcrra, Iva epya) 
 
BOOK III. CHAP. II. 75 
 
 Trepalvijrai. el Be ri aXXo (3eXriov rj ravry, roX/xdrco 
 Kal 6 IBicorrjs BiBdaKeiv rrdvre^ yap koivtjs crcoriqpias ■ 
 Beo/uieOa. 
 
 Merd ravra Xeipicrocpos elirev, ''AXX! el fiev rivos 33 
 aXXov Bel 7rpo? tovtoc; oh Xeyei aevocfrcov^Kal avrUa 
 e^earai iroieiv a Be vvv el'prj/ce Bo/cei fioc o>? rd^iara 
 ^rrj^laao-Qai dpiorrov elvai" Kal orco Boicel ravra, dva- 
 reivdrco rrjv yeipa. dvereivav arravres. dvacrrds BeM 
 irdXiv elire aevo<f>cov, ^fl avBpes, dtcovcrare cov rrpoaBelv 
 Bo/cei fJLOi. BrfXov ore iropevecrOai "/j/jlcls Bel oirov e£o- 
 jiev ra eirir^qBeia' aKOvco Be /cco/ia? elvai KaXds ov 
 rrXecov eiKocri araBicov drreyovaa^' ovk av ovv Sav-35 
 fid^oc/Mi, el oi rroXefiioi, toa7rep oi BeiXol Kvves toi>? 
 fiev irapibvra^ BicokovgL re Kal Bdicvovaiv, rjv Bvvcovrai, 
 rovs Be BicoKovras (pevyovaiv, el Kal avrol r)p,iv diriov- 
 o~iv erraKoXovOolev. co-cos ovv dcr^aXecrrepov rj/jbiv rro- 36 
 peveo-Qai nrXaiaiov rroirjcra/ievovs rcov oirXcov, iva ra 
 o~fcevo<f)6pa Kal o rroXvs cr^Xo? iv aac^aXearepco y. el 
 ovv vvv diroBei^Oeir], riva %pr) rjyelaOau rod nrXaiaiov 
 Kal ra irpoaOev Koo-jnelv Kal rlvas eirl rcov irXevpcov 
 eKarepcov elvac, rivas 8' oiriarOofyvXaKelv, ovk av, oirore 
 oi 7roXep,ioi eXOoiev, (3ovXeveo~6ai r)fjbd<; Beoi, dXXa %p<*>- 
 ue6* av evOvs rols reray/juevois. el puev ovv aXXos Tt? 37 
 (SeXriov opa, dXXco<; e^erco' el Be fir), Xeiplaocfyos fxev 
 ^yetaOco, e7reiBr) Kal AaKeBaifioviGS eari • rcov Be rrXev- 
 pcov eKarepcov Bvo rcov nrpea^vrdrcov arpar7]yco eTrijJbe- 
 XeiarQcov biriaOo^vXaKcopbev S' 9;/xet? ci vecoraroi, eyco 
 re Kal Tip>acricov, rb vvv elvai,. ro Be Xoiirbv rreipoopbevoi 38 
 ravrrj? tt}? rd^ecos, {3ovXevcr6/jLe6a o, ri av del Kpdricrrov 
 BoKy elvai. el Be Tt? aXXo opa j3eXnov, Xe^drco. eirel 
 Be ovBels dvreXeyev, elirev, "Oreo BoKei ravra, dvaret- 
 vdrco rrjv yelpa. eBo^e ravra. Nvv rolvvv, e<jorj, 39 
 drnbvras iroielv Bel ra BeBoy/ieva. Kal oar is re vfioov 
 rov$ olKeiovs ernOviiel IBeiv, ixefJivrjaOco dvrjp dyaObs 
 
76 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 elvav ov yap eariv aWco? tovtov TV^eiv octtls Tfi 
 - ^?)V i7Ti0Vfiec } iretpdaOco vi/cav twv \xev yap vi/ccovtcov 
 to KaTcucaiveLV, tcov Be rjTTcopievcov to diTo6vr)cnceLV 
 ecrr /cal ec Tt? Be %p7]juLaTCDV eiriBvyuel, tcpaTeZv irei- 
 pdcrOto ■ tcov yap vlicmvtcov IcttI /cal tcl eavTcov o-ai^eiv 
 /cal T.a tcov rjTTCojjbivcov Xafi/SdveLV. 
 3 Tovtcov Xe^OevTcov dveaTiqaav ical a7re\0cWe? icaTe- 
 
 tcaiov t<x? aftd^as /cal ra? o~/C7]vd$, tcov Be irepiTTcov 
 otov [iev SeoiTO xt? fJueTeBtBocrav dXXrjXois, tcl Be aXXa 
 eh to Trvp eppiiTTOvv. TCLVTCL iroirjaavTe^ rjpiQ-TOTTOl- 
 ovvto. dpio-Toiroiovp,ev(£>v Be avTow epyeTai WLiQpi- 
 BaTrjs crvv liTTrevcrLV go? Tpid/covTa, /cal /caXecrdfAevos 
 
 2 rou? crTpaTTjyovs eh eirr]Koov Xeyei coBe. 'Eyco, & av- 
 Bpes "EXXiyves, /cal Kvpco tticttos rjv, go? vjneh eiricrTa- 
 cr0e, /cal vvv vjjllv evvovs' /cal evOdBe elpX crvv ttoXXco 
 cpo/3cp Bidycov. el ovv opcpr]v vjids GcoTiqpibv ti (3ov- 
 \evop<evovs, eXOoipu av irphs vjjl&s /cal tov$ S-epdrrovTas 
 TrdvTOL^ eycov. Xe^aTe ovv Trpo? fie, ti ev , vco e^ere, 
 go? <piXov re /cal evvovv /cal fiovXofievov /coivfj crvv vpZv 
 
 3 tov cttoXov iroielaQai. (BovXevopLevois toZs aTpaTrjyois 
 eBotjev dirofcpivacrOai, TaBe* /cal eXeye Xeipicrocfros' 
 H/jllv Bo/cel, el puev ti$ ea tj/jLcLs dimevai ol'/caBe, Biairo- 
 peveaOau ttjv y&pav go? av BwcojieOa datvecrTaTa' tjv 
 Be rt? yftas t?}? 6Bou diroKcoXvr], BiairoXeiielv tovtco 
 
 4 co? av Bvvco/ie6a /cpaTicrTa. e/c tovtov eireipaTO WLiQpi- 
 BdTfjs BiBda/ceiv, go? diropov ecrj {3acnXeco$ a/covTO<? creo- 
 Otjvoa. evOa Br) eyiyvcocrtceTO, otl v7r6irejJbiTTo<; eXr\* 
 /cal yap tcov Ticrcracpepvovs Tt? olfceleov Traprj/coXovdei 
 
 5 iricTTecos eve/ca. /cal etc tovtov ido/cei tols (TTpaTrjyoh 
 (BekTLov elvav Boy/xa iroirjcrao-OaL tov iroXepiov d/crjpv- 
 ktov elvai, ecTT ev tjj TroXepila elev BcefyOeipov yap 
 irpocriovTes tol»? cTTpaTicoTa^, real eva ye Xo^aybv Bt,e- 
 cpOeipav N l/cap^ov Ap/cdBa, /cal coyeTO diricev vv/ctos 
 crvv dvQpodirois co? ecfcocri. 
 
book in. CHAP. III. 77 
 
 Mera ravra aptcrrrjcravTe^ teal hiafiavre? tov Za- 6 
 irdrav iroTayubv iiropevovTO rerayfievoc, tcl viro^uyca 
 zeal tov 6)(Xov iv pbecrcp e%oz/re?. ov 7roXv Se TrpoeXr)- 
 XvOotcov avTcov iirifyaiveTai irakiv 6 McOptSdrr]^ Itt- 
 7rea<; eycov o>9 Zicucoaiovs KaX TO^OTas koX crcpev$ov/)Ta<; 
 &)? TerpcucoGLOvs jxaXa iXacppovs KaX ev^covovs.^- k.cli 7 
 irpocnjei [lev o>9 cplXos cov 7r/)o? T019 ° EXXrjvas, iirel 
 8' €771)9 iyevovTO, i^airivY]^ ol fiev avTcov iro^evov koX 
 i7T7ret9 koX ireCpl, ol 8' itrcpevSovcov fcal irirpcocrfcov. ol 
 Be OTriaQofyvkcuces tcov 'EXXijvcov eiracr^ov fiev fcafcoos, 
 avreiroLOVv S' ovSev ol re yap Kprjres (Bpa^vrepa tcov 
 Uepatov iro^evov koX dfia ^tlXoI ovres eicrco tcov oifkcov 
 KCLTeKetckeivTO, ol re clkovtlgtoX ftpayvTepa ^KOVTiCpv 
 rj &>9 i^LKveiaOaL tcov crcpevSovrjTcov. i/c tovtov zievo- 8 
 
 CpCOVTL iS6K€L SlCOKT€OV elvai' KaX ihiCOKOV TCOV T€ OTtXl- 
 
 tcov koX tcov TrekTacTTcov ol eTvyov orvv avTco ottlctQo- 
 cpvXa/covvTes ' hicoicovTes he ovheva /caTeXdfi/3avov tcov 
 
 TTOXe/JLLCOV. 0VT6 yap llTlTel^ TjCTaV TOt9 "EXXtJ&LV 0VT6 9 
 
 ol 7re£bl tol»9 ire^ovs etc ttoXXov cpevyovTas ihvvavTO 
 /caTa\afi{3dveLV iv oXlyco ^coptcp' r 7roXi> jap ov% olov 
 T6 rjv diro tov aXXov o-TpaTev[iaro<$ Slcokelv. ol Se 10 
 fidpfiapoL 'nnrels /cal cpevyovTes d[xa eTLTpcocr/cov et'9 
 
 TOVTTLQ-QeV T0%ei)0VTeS dlTO TCOV LTTTTCOV, OTTOCTOV 8e 7TjOO- 
 
 Bico^eLav ol ''EXXrjve?, toltovtov ttolXlv iirava^copelv 
 /jLa^o/JLevov^ eSet. ^ coctte tt)<; rjfiepas 0X779 SltjXOov ou 11 
 irXeov irevTe koX eltcocrL GTaticov, dXXa SelXTjs dipiKOVTO 
 et9 to.9 fccojuLas. ev6a Sy itciKlv dOvfila rjv. fcal Xeipl- 
 crocpos KaX ol irpecr/SuTaTOL tcov crTpaTTjycov ttevocfccovTa 
 TjTicovTO, 0Ti eolcoKev diro tt\^ cpdXayyos koX avTos T6 
 eKLvhvveve koX tov<; 7roXey,tovs ovBev fiaXXov iBvvaTO 
 fiXdiTTeLV. aKovcra^ Se zevocpcov eXeyev oti opOcos 12 
 tjtlcovto koX avTO to epyov avTols fiapTvpolr]. dXX' 
 iyco, etyrjy r]vayKdcr67)v BLooKeLV, eireLhrj ecopcov rjiia^ iv 
 rep /liveLV KaKcbs fiev 7rdcr')(pvTas, dvTLiroielv Se ov 
 
78 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 1 Svvafiivovs. €7rebSr) Se iSbd>Kopbev, a\7]0rj, €<prj, vpLett 
 \eyere' tca/ccos pbev yap Tvobelv ovSev pbdXkov iSvvdpbeda 
 
 14 tov$ 7rd\efiLOV$, dveywpovpbev Se irdvv ^aXe7T&>?. rofc 
 ovv Seels ydpis, otl ol) o~vv iroWfj pojpbrj, dWa crvv 
 okiyob? Tj\6ov, cocrre pkd-^rat pbev pbr) pbeydXa, Brfkaiarat 
 
 15 Se 03V SeopeOa,. vvv yap ol pbev iro\epbbOb ro^evovai 
 Kal crfyevSovchcrbv ocrov ovtg ol Kprjre^ dvTiro^eveiv 
 hvvavrai ovre ol i/c %eipb<z /SdWovres i^b/cvelaOai. 
 orav Se avToi)$ SbooKcopbev, 7rdXv pbev ov% olov re ^copiov 
 dirb rod G-TparevpLciTos SbcoKebv, iv 6\tya> Se ovS' el 
 Ta^vs e'er] 7re£o? 7re^bv dv SbcoKcov /caraXd/3oL i/c to^ov 
 
 16 pv/iaros. rj/jLei? ovv el peXkopbev tovtovs elpyeiv coare 
 fir) SvvaaOab (SXdirreiv ypds Tropevopbevovs, crcpevSovT}- 
 tojv re ttyv TaylGT7]v Set Kal lirnrecov. aKovco 8' elvai 
 iv rat arparevpLarc rjpuoiv ^PoSlovs, &v tov<$ 7roWov$ 
 <fiacnv eTTicrracrOai o-c^evSovdv, Kal to /3eXo? avrcov Kal 
 
 17 ScifXdcnov (pepecrOab toov Uepcrtfccov acfcevSovoov. iicel- 
 vai yap Sia to yeipoifK7]QeGi tol$ \19ol$ crcpevSovdv 
 €7rl j3pa-)(y i^iKvovvTai, ol Se 'PoSlol /cal Tat? pbo\v- 
 
 18 /3S(cnv iiricTTavTab yjpi)&Qai. i)v ovv avTcov inria/ce- 
 tycopieOa Tives ireiravTai crfyevSovas, Kal tovtco pbev 
 Swpbev avTwv dpyvpoov, tS Se aWa<? ifke/cew iQekovTi 
 aWo dpyvpiov TeXto/iev, /cal t&> o~^>evSovxv ivT€Ta- 
 ypevq) iOeXovTL aWrjv Tbvd drekeiav evpia/cwpbev, icrco<; 
 
 \9TLves fyavovvTat l/cavol r)pd$ dxpeXelv. opco Se /cal 
 i7r7rovs ovTas iv T(p GTpaTevpari, tov<$ puev Tivas Trap 
 ipo(, tov<$ Se toj K\edp%cp /caTaXe~Xebpbpbevovs, ttoWovs 
 Se Kal dWovs alxpaXcoTOvs crKevofyopovvTas. av ovv 
 tgvtovs irdvTa? e/cXe^a^re? GKevodpopa pJev dvTbSSpbev, 
 tol'9 Se Ittttovs eh lirireas KaTacrKevdcrcop^ev, tcra)? Kal 
 
 20 ovtoI Tb tovs cpevyovTa? dvbderovabv. eSo^e TavTa, 
 Kal TavT7]<$ tt}? vvktos cr<fievSovr}Tab pbev eh SbaKoaiov? 
 iyevovTO, b7nrob Se koi lirirel^ iSoKbpdo-6r)crav tt} vgt€- 
 pala eh irevTijKOVTa, Kal aTroXdSes Kal QcopaKes avTois 
 
book in. CHAP. III. IV. 79 
 
 e7ropi(707]crav, teal Xirrrapyo^ Be eireardOrj Avklos 6 
 IloXvcn pdrov *A6rjvaZo$. 
 
 Meivavre? Be ravrrjv rrjv rj/^epav rfj aXXrj eiropev- 4 
 ovro rrpcoialrepov dvaardvre^' yapdBpav yap avrovs 
 eBec Stafirjvcu, e\/>' fj i(po/3ouvro jurj eiriQolvro avrois 
 Biafiaivovcnv ol iroXefjaoi. BiajBe^Koau Be clvtoZs 2 
 rrdXiv (paivercu 6 MiOpiBdrrjs, eycov lirnrea^ %lXiovs, 
 to^otcls Be teal acpevBovrfras et? rerpateLo~%iXlov<;' ro- 
 ctovtow; yap yrrjcre Tio-cratpepvrjv teal eXa/3ev, virocryQ- 
 fievos, av rovrovs Xdfirj, rrapaBcoaeiv avrcp tov? e/ EX- 
 Xr\va^, fcarcuppovrjo-as, ore ev rfj rrpoaOev rrpoa/SoXfj 
 oXtyovs e^cov erraQe fiev ovBev, rroXXd Be teatea evbjjbi^e 
 Troirjcrac. eirel Be ol "EXXrjves Bcaf3e/3rjte6re<; drrelyov 3 
 T % %apdBpa$ ocrov oteroo gtclBlovs, Bce/3acve teal 6 
 Mt6pcBdr7]<; eyjsv rr)v Bvvapbiv. rraprjyyeXro Be rcov 
 re nreXraorrcov oD? eBeo Btcoteeiv teal rcov birXtroov, teal 
 too? lirirevaiv etprjro SappovcrL Btcoteecv co? e^e-^rofievrj^ 
 itcavrjs Bwdpueoo^. iirel Be 6 McdpcBdrrjs teareiX^ec 4 
 teal i]Brj atyevBovai teal ro^evfiara i^ttevovvro, io-rf/irjve 
 TOi9 "EXXrjcrc rfj cdXTUyyi, teal ev6v<z eOeov opbocre ot? 
 ecp7]TO teal ol linret^ rjXavvov • ol Be ovte i8e];avro, dXX* 
 ecpevyov eirl rr)v yapdBpav. ev ravry rfj Btco^eo rol$ 5 
 fiapftdpois rcov re rre^cov direOavov ttoXXoI teal rcov lir- 
 ireoov ev rfj yapdBpa %cool eXrfcpOrjaav et? oiercoKaiBetea. 
 rovs Be drroOavovras avroteiXevaroc ol "EXXrjves r)tei- 
 aavro, w? ore cfroflepcorarov rol$ TroXepLiois elrj opav. 
 teal ol fiev 7ro\e/uo£ ovrco irpd^avre^ dirrfkOov, ol Be 6 
 "EXXrjves dafyaXoos Tropevofievoo rb Xoirrbv tt)? rj/xepa^ 
 d(f)iteovro irrl rbv Tlypr/ra irorapbov. evravOa 770X15 7 
 rjv eprjfiT) fieydXT], ovofta 8' avrfj rjv Adpiaaa- Steovv 
 8' avrrjv rb iraXacbv MrjBoc. rod Be refyovs rjv aurr)$ 
 rb evpos irevre teal eiteocrt TroBes, vtyos S' itearov rod 
 Be tcv/eXov r) TrepioBos Bvo irapaadyyau • (pteoBofirjro Be 
 rrXivOois Kepa\xlvai%' teprjrrls S' virrjv XcOlvr/ rb vtyo<$ 
 
80 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 8 eiKOcri 7roScov. Tavrrjv fidcrCkevs 6 JJepcrcov, ore irapa 
 Mrjhcov ttjv apxv v iXdpb/3avov Uepcrcn,, iroXuopKwv ov- 
 hevl Tpoirco ehvvaTO eXelv rjXiov he ve<peXr) TrpoKaXv- 
 ^aaa r)(pdviae ^%pi e^eXarov ol avQpwwoi, Kal outgd? 
 
 9 edXco. irapa Tavrrjv Tr)v ttqXiv rjv Trvpapbh Xidivr], 
 to fiev evpos evbs 7rXe6pov, to he in|ro? hvo nrXeOpcov. 
 eirl TavTT]^ ttoXXoI tcov fiapfidpcov rjcrav i/c tcov ttXtj- 
 
 10 criov KCDpLcov aTroirefyevyoTes. evTevOev iiropevdrjcrav 
 aTaOfjiov eva, irapaadyyas e%, irpbs T6i%o<; epr)}xov fieya 
 777209 \jfi] iroXei tceipLevov ovojma he rjv tt) iroXei Me- 
 cnriXa' Mi)hoc S' avTrp) iroTe cokovv. r)v he r) puev 
 /cprjTrls XiOov ^ecrTov Koy^vXiaTOV, to evpos irevTr)- 
 
 11 kovtcl irohcov Kal to {njro? TrevTi]KOVTa. eirl he TavTjj 
 eircpKohoiirjTO irXivOivov Tei^o?, to fiev evpos irevTr)- 
 
 KOVTCL 7TohcOV, TO he V^TO^ ifCCLTOV tov he kvkXov 7) 
 
 irepioho^ e% nrapaadyyat. evTavOa eXeyeTO Mrjheia 
 yvvr) /SacriXecos KaTacpvyelv, OTe dmcoXeaav ttjv dpyr\v 
 
 12 virb Tlepacov Mrjhoi. tclvttjv he ttjv ttoXcv iroXiopKcov 
 6 Uepaodv (SacrCXevs ovk ehvvaTO ovTe %p6vcp eXelv ovt6 
 (Bio,' Zevs 5' e/jL/3povTrJTovs nroiel tovs evoLKovvTas, Kal 
 ovtcos edXco. 
 
 13 'EvTevdev 6" eTropevdrjaav aTaOpubv eva, •jrapacrdy- 
 7<x? TeTTapas. eh tovtov he tov crTaOfibv Tco-aa(pepvrj<; 
 iirefydvr), ou? re avTos Irnreas r)X9ev eywv Kal ttjv 
 ^OpovTov hvvap.iv tov ttjv fiaaiXecos QvyaTepa e^ovTos 
 Kal ou? Kvpos e^cov dvefirj [3ap(3dpov<$ Kal oi)? 6 (3aai~ 
 A.e&>? aSeX^o? fycov ^acnXel e(3or)6ei } Kal tt/50? tovtols 
 ocrovs {3acri,Xevs ehco/cev avTcp, cocrTe to crTpaTev/na 7rd/JL- 
 
 I&ttoXv e(f)dv7j. eirel 8' iyyvs eyeveTO, Tas [xev toov Ta^ecov 
 eiX ev oTTio-Qev KaTaarTi]cras, ra? he eh tcl irXdyia irapa- 
 yayodv ifi/SaXXecv piev ov/c eToXpujaev ovh' efiovXeTO 
 hianivhweveiv, ccfrevhovav he irapr^yyeiXe Kal Tofjeveiv. 
 
 15 eVet he hiaTaxOevTes ol c P6hiOL eo-fyevh6vr)o~av Kal ol 
 [^KvOai] TO^QTai eTo^evaav Kal ouhels rjpidpTavev dv- 
 
book in. chap. rv. 81 
 
 £po?, ovBe yap el irdvv TrpovOvjietTO paBiov rjv, zeal 6 
 Ticrcracpepvr)^ pudXa ro^eo)? e^co (BeXwv direyuipei zeal al 
 aXXat, rd^ec<i dTre^coprjaav. zeal to Xolttov tt^ ij/uLepas ol 16 
 [lev liropevovTO, ol S' eiirovro' zeal ou/cert icrlvovTO ol 
 fidpfiapou [rfj Tore d/cpofioXicreL] • pLcucporepov yap ol 
 'PoBlol tcov re Uepcroov ecrcpevBovcov /ecu tcov irXeiGTcov 
 to^otcov. p^eydXa Be /cat rd To^a rd Hepcrued Icttiv • 17 
 cocrTe %prjcnpLa rjv oirocra dXicrzcoLTO tcov To^ev/Jbdrcov 
 Toh KprjGL, /ecu BieTeXovv yjpcopevoi rot? tcov iroXepilcov 
 To^evfiacri, zeal e/neXeTcov To^evecv dvco levTes puazepdv. 
 evpicr/ceTO Be zeal vevpa TroXXd ev Tah /ccoficus zeal pio- 
 XvflBos, cocrTe %pr]o-6cu eh Ta? cr<pevB6va<;. /ecu TavTr) 18 
 /lev ttj rjpepa, eirel zcaTecrT paToireBevovTO ol "EXXrjves 
 ■KoofLcus eirLTV)(QVTes, dirrfkOov ol (Bdp(3apoL puelov e^ov- 
 Te? ev tTj TOTe d/cpofioXLcret,' ttjv 8' eiriovcrav rjpepav 
 epuetvav ol f ' 'EXXrjves /ecu eireo-iTicravTO' rjv yap 7roXv<; 
 ctltos ev Tah zccopLais. ttj 8' vcrTepala eiropevovTO Bid 
 tov ireBlov, /cal Ticrcra(f)epvr)<; eXireTO dzcpo/3oXi£6p,evo$. 
 ev6a Br) ol "EXXrjves eyvcocrav, oti irXalcriov laoirXevpov 19 
 irovrjpd Tafys ecrj iroXepulcov eiropbevcov. dvdy/cr) ydp 
 eo-Ttv, rjv /nev avyzevirTr) Ta zeepaTa tov irXaicriov rj 
 oBov GTevoTepas ovo~r)<z rj opecov dvayzca^ovTcov rj yeepv- 
 pa<$, ezc6Xt(3ecr6ai toxjs oirXiTas /ecu iropevecrOai irovr)- 
 pa>? dpia puev TTie'Cppuevovs dfia Be /cal TapaTTopuevovs* 
 cocrTe Bvcr^pr^crTOV^ elvai dvdy/cr) aTdzcTovs ovTas. OTav 20 
 8' av Biao")(rj Ta /cepaTa, dvdy/cr) BiacnrdcrOaL toi)? TOTe 
 ezcdXifiopLevovs zeal zeevbv yiy veer 6 at, to fiecrov tcov zcepd- 
 tcov, zeal dOvpuelv tovs TavTa TrdayovTa^ tcov TroXepblcov 
 eTropuevcov. zeal biroTe Beoi yecpvpav BiajSalveiv rj dXXrjv 
 Ttvd Bidfiacrw, ecrTrevBev e/cacrTos {3ovXop,evos c^Qdcrai 
 irpcoTO$ % zeal eveiriOeTov rjv evTavQa rot? iroXepLLois. 
 enrel Be TavTa eyvcoaav ol aTpaTrjyol, eTrocrjeravTO e£21 
 Xo^ov^ dvd e/eaTov dvBpas, zeal Ao^ayou? eirecrTrjaav 
 zeal dXXovs irevTr)zeovTr]pa^ zeal aXXovs evcDpLOTap^a^. 
 
 4* 
 
82 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 ovtol Be TTopevofievoc ol Xo^ayol, oirore puev crvyKvirTQi 
 ra fcepara, i'Tre/xevov varepoi, cocrTe fir] evo^Xelv roc? 
 
 22 tcepacri, rore Be iraprjyov e'gcoOev tcov tcepaTCOv. oirore 
 Be hiacryoiev al ifkevpai tov ttXcllctlov, to fieaov av 
 i^e7rifi7r\acrav, el fiev crrevorepov elrj to hie^ov, tcara 
 \6%ovs, el Be ifKaTVTepov, kcltcl irevTrjKoaTv^, el Be 
 irdvv ttXcltv, kclt evcopLOTLW coo~Te del etcifXecov elvai 
 
 23 to fjuecrov. el Be Kal Biafiaiveiv tivcl Beoi Bidfiacruv r) 
 ykfyvpav, ovk eTapcLTTQVTo, dX)C iv tco jjuepei ol Xo^ayol 
 Biefiaivov /ecu el nrov Bioi to t?}? (pdXayyos, eTUTrapr)- 
 aav ovtoi. tovtco tco Tpoirco eiropev6r}crav cttclO [jlovs 
 
 24 reTTapa^. rjvlfca Be tov irefiTTTQV iiropevovTO elBov 
 BaariXeiov ti teal 7repl avTo Kcopuas 7roXXds, tt)v Be 6Bov 
 irpbs to ycapiov touto Bid yrjXocpcov vtyrjXcov yiyvofie- 
 vrjv, ot tcaOrjKOV diro tov opovs, v<p cp rjv Kcofirj. koX 
 eTBov juev tov? yrjXocjyovs dcr/jbevoi ol "EXXrjves, to? el/cos, 
 
 25 tcov iroXefilcov ovtcov lirirecov • iirel Be iropevofjievoi i/c 
 tov nreBlov avefirjaav irrl tov irpcoTov yrjXofyov kcl\ 
 fcciTe/3aivov co? iirl tov eTepov dvaJ3aiveiv } evTavOa iiTi- 
 yiyvovTai ol fidpfiapoi Kal diro tov v^rjXov el$ to irpa- 
 
 26 ve<s ej3aXXov } icrcpevBovcov, eTotjevov vtto /JLaorTiycov, teal 
 7roXXoi)s fcaTeTiTpcocncov /cat etcpaT'qcrav tcov ^EXXrjvcov 
 yvfiv/]Tcov teal tcaTeicXeicrav clvtovs el'trco tcov ottXcov 
 cocrTe TravTunraari TavTiqv tt)v y/iepav dyjpiqo-TOi rjaav 
 iv tco b'xXco 6We? /cat ol crcjievBovrJTai, /cat ol To^oTai. 
 
 27 iirel Be 7rie%6fievoi ol "EXXrjves eTreyeipiqaav Bico/ceiv, 
 o")(pXfj fiev eirl to dicpov d<f)iJCvovvTai oirXiTai ovTes, 
 
 28 ol Be TroXefiioi Ta%v aTTeTrrjBcov. irdXiv Be oiroTe drrri- 
 oiev 7T/)o? to dXXo crTpaTev/Jua, tclvtcl eiracrypv, zeal 
 iirl tov BevTepov yrfXocpov tclvtcl iylyvero, cocrTe diro 
 tov TpLTOV yr}\6(fcov eBo^ev clvtols jjlt) KLvelv rou? crTpa- 
 tlcotcls, irplv diro Tr)<^ Be^Lcis ifkevpcis tov irXaLcriov 
 
 29 dvr/yayov 7re\TacTTd<; Trpo? to opo$. eirel 8' ovtol 
 eyevovTO virep tcov e7rofiivcov 7ro\e/jbLcov, ovKenri iireTL- 
 
BOOK III. CHAP. IV. 83 
 
 devTO ol TToKefiioi toI<; KCLTafiaivovcn, BeBoLKOTes, /j,r) 
 a7T0TfJi7)detr}o-av Kal djJ,(f>OTepco0ev avTcov yevoiVTO ol 
 iroke/JLLOL. ovtco to Xoiirov tjjs rjfiepas nropevofievoi, ol 30 
 fiev ev rfj 6B(S Kara tovs yrjkofyovs, ol Be Kara to opo$ 
 eiwrapLovTes, dtyUovTO eh Ta? Kcbfias Kal larpovs Kare- 
 arrjo-au oktco' 7roXXol yap r/crav ol rerpcofMevoc. ivrav- 31 
 6a efjueivav rj/jbipas rpels /cat tcov rerpco/jievcov eveKa Kal 
 dfia eirtT^Beia iroXXd el^ov, dXevpa, olvov, /cpiOas Iltt- 
 7rot9 o~v/jL/3e/3\r]fieva<; 7roA.Xa?. ravra Be o~vvevrjveyiieva 
 rjv rep aarpairevovri t?)? ^copa^. nerdprr) B y/^epa 
 Karafiaivovcnv eh to ireBiov. iirel Be Karekafiev av- 32 
 tovs Tco-o-acfyepvT)*; avv rfj Bvvdfiei, eBlBa^ev avTovs rj 
 dvdjKi] fcaTacrKr)vr}o~at, ov irpcbrov elBov kgq/jltjv Kal firj 
 Tropeveadat ere [la^ofievov^' ttoXXoI yap rjcrav diro- 
 fia^ot, ol rerpcofievoo Kal ol eKeivovs (frepovres Kal oi 
 tcov fyepovTwv tcl birXa Be^d\xevoi. eirel Be Kareo~Kr}- 33 
 vrjaav Kal eireyeipiqcrav avToh aKpofioXi^ecrdai ol j3dp- 
 fiapoi 7r/)o? ttjv Kcofirjv 7rpoo~i6vTe<$, ttoXv irepirjaav ol 
 ff EXXyves • ttoXv yap Bte<pepep eK %o6pa? opficofjievovs 
 aXe^ao~6ao rj Tropevofievovs eiriovGi Toh iroXe/xloLs fid- 
 yecrGai. t)viKa £' r\v tjBtj BeuXr], oopa r\v dirievai rot? 34 
 TToXeixioi^' ovTTore yap fxelov aTTeorTparoTreBevovTO ol 
 /3dp/3apot tov 'EXXtjvikov e^iJKOvra araBccov, <$o(3ov- 
 fievot, fir] T?}? vvktos ol " EXX7jve<; eirbOoivrat avToh. 
 7rov7)pbv yap vvktos eari crTpdreu/jLa UepaiKov. ol re 35 
 yap Xttttoi avToh BeBevrac Kal go? eirl to 7roXv ireiro- 
 Bio-fievoi, elal tov jjlt] cfrevyetv eveKa, el XvQeir\o~av, edv 
 Te tls $6pvj3o<z yLyvtjrat, Bel eirio-d^ai tov 'lttttov Uep- 
 o~r} dvBpl Kal yakivwcrai Bel Kal ScopaKtaOevTa dva- 
 (3i)vaL eirl tov Xrnrov. TavTa Be irdvTa ycCkeird vvKTcop 
 Kal Qopvfiov ovtos. tovtov eveKa Troppco aTrecrKrjvovv 
 tcov 'EWrjvcov. eVet Be eytyvcocrKov avTovs ol f EWrj- 3G 
 ve<? j3ovXojJievov<; dirievai Kal BiayyeXXo/jievovs, eKijpv^e 
 Tot? "EXXrjcrc avcrKevd^ecrOai aKovovTcov tcov TroXejulcov. 
 
84 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 Kal ypbvov fiev Tiva eirea^pv Trjs Tropeias ol fidpfiapot,, 
 eTreiBr) Be oyjre eylyveTO, a7rrjeaav ov yap eBoKec Xvcrc- 
 TeXelv avTois vvktos TropeveaQai Kal KaTayeaQai eirl 
 
 37 to arparoTreSov. e7reiBr) Be cra<£co? airLovras i]Br] eoopoov 
 ol ri E\\7]ve<;, eiropevovTO Kal avrol ava^ev^avres Kal 
 BtrjX6ov ocrov e^rjKovra crTaBiovs. m Kal ylyverac toctov- 
 rov fiera^v tcov o-Tparevjudrcov, (bare ry vo-repaia ovk 
 e<fidvr]<Tav ol iroXe/Jbioi, ovBe rfj Tpirr), rfj Be rerdprrj 
 vvktos irpoeX66vTe<$ KardkafJufBdvovcn ywpiov virep- 
 Be^iov ol (Bdpj3apoi, fj efieXXov ol "EXXyves irapievai, 
 aKpcow^tav opovs, v<fi r\v r\ KarajBacn^ rjv et? to ire- 
 
 38 Blov. eireiBrj Be ecopa Xetpicrocpos irpoKaTeiXyfi/ievrjv 
 tt]V aKpwvvyJ.av, KaXel EevocpcbvTa dirb t?}? ovpds Kal 
 KeXevec Xa/36vTa tovs TreXTacrTas irapayeveaOao eh to 
 
 39 irpoaOev. 6 Be aevocpcov tovs fiev ireXTao-Tcis ovk rjyev • 
 e7TL(paiv6fJbevov yap ecopa Tio-cracpepvrjv Kal to crTpd- 
 Tevfia irav ' avTO? Be irpoaeXdaas rjpcoTa, Tl KaXels ; 
 6 Be Xeyei avTop, "E^eaTiv bpav irpoKaTetXrjiTTai yap 
 7)fA,2v 6 virep Trjs KaTafidcrecos Xocf)o<?y Kal ovk ecrTi 
 
 40 irapeXOelv, el pur] tovtovs diroKo-^roixev. dXXd tl ovk 
 r)ye$ tovs ireXTacrTds ; 6 Be Xeyec, otl ovk eBoKei avTco 
 ep7]fxa KaTaXnrelv tcl oiriaOev iroXe/iicov iirLcpaLvopbi- 
 vcov. 'AXXd firjv to pa y\ ecpy, (3ovXevea6ai, ircb<$ t£? 
 
 41 tovs avBpas direXa dirb tov Xocf)ov. evTavOa tievocjitov 
 bpa tov opovs Trjv Kopvcfrrjv virep avTov tov eavTCOV 
 crTpaTevpuaTOs ovcrav, Kal dirb TavTrjs e<poBov eirl tov 
 X6(J)op, ev6a rjaav ol iroXe/nLOL, Kal Xeyei, KpaTLcrTov, 
 w Xeiplcrocfre rjfilv iecr0aL w? TayicTTa eirl to aKpov 
 r\v yap tovto Xdftcopuev, ov BwrjaovTaL fievetv ol virep 
 t?)? 6Bov. dXXd, el (SovXei, fieve eirl tS aTpaTev/MaTC, 
 iya> 8' eOeXoo iropeveaOai' el Be xpy&cs, iropevov eirl 
 
 42 to opos, eyco be fievoj avTov. AWa oloco/jLL o~ol, ecprj 
 6 XetpL<Tocf)o<;, oiroTepov (BovXei eXecrOai,. eliru>v 6 
 'Eevofywv, otl veooTepos eaTiv, alpeiTai Tropeveadai, 
 
BOOK III. CHAP. IV. V. 85 
 
 KeXevec Be ol av[JLirefi^rat airo rod dTOfxaro^ avBpa?' 
 uaKpov <ydp rjv dirb Trjs oupas XafieXv. Kal o Xetpt-43 
 Cronos av pare pur eu tov<; dirb tov arofxaro^ ireXTaaTa^' 
 eXafie Be tov? Kara fiecrov tov irXaiaiov. avvkireaQai 
 B' e/ceXevcrev avrw Kal tovs TpiaKoo-lovs oft? avrbs el^e 
 TOiV iiriXeKTCov eVl ra> crTopLaTi- tov nf\aio-[ov. evrev- 44 
 6ev eiropevovro &>? eBvvavTO TayiGTa. ol S' eirl tov 
 \6(j)ov 7ro\e/xioc o>? evbrjaav avTcov Tr)v iropeiav eirl to 
 ci/cpov, evOus Kal avrol (oppLrjaav dfiiXXdaOac eiri to 
 d/cpov. teal evravda woXXr) puev Kpavyrj rjv tov 'EXXrj- 45 
 vucov o-TpaT€V{iaTO<; BiaKeXevo/nevcov tols eavT&v, 7roXXrj 
 Be Kpavyr] twv dpufyl Ticrcracftepvrjv to£? eavTwv Biane- 
 Xevo/ievcov. aevocp&v Be nrapeXavvwv eiri tov XttttovMo 
 irapeiceXeveTO, "AvBpes, vvv eirl Tr)v *EXXdBa vopul^eTe 
 ajjitXXao-dai, vvv 7roo? tov? iralBas Kal t&? yvvaiKas, 
 vvv oXlyov irovrjcravTes d\iayel ttjv Xoiirrfv iropevcro- 
 fieOa. ^coTrjpLBrjs Be 6 Xikvoivios elirev, Ovk ef icrov, 47 
 to p,evo(f)cov, ea/iev crv puev yap e<£' Xirirov b^rj, iya) 
 Be %aXeTTG)<s kcl/jlvcd Tr)v dairlBa (pepcov. Kal b? ukov- 48 
 aas TavTa KaTairrjBrjcras dirb tov lttitov wdelrai av- 
 tov €K tt}? Ta£ea>?, koI Tr)v dcnriBa d<fieXb{jLevo<> a>? 
 iBvvaTO Ta^icrTa eywv eiropevero' irvy^ave Be KaX 
 ScopaKa e^cov tov Ittitlkov' cbcrTe eVtefero. Kal Tot? 
 fiev efiTrpoaOev virdyeiv irapeKeXeveTO, toZ<$ Be oiriaOev 
 irapievai /zo/U? eiropLevoi-s. ol £' aXXot o~TpaTLWTai±§ 
 iraiovcn Kal (BclXXovgl Kal XoiBopovau tov ^coTrjpiBrjv, 
 eaTe rjvdyKacrav Xa(SbvTa tt\v dcnriBa iropevecrOat. 6 
 Be dvafids, eW puev {BdaipLa rjv eirl tov lttttov riyev, 
 eirel Be ajBaTa rjv, KaTaXarcbv tov Xttttov ecnrevBe 
 ire^fj. Kal <$>6dvovcriv eirl tco aKpco yevofievot tov? 
 TroXefJLiovs. 
 
 "Ev6a Br) ol fiev fidpftapoi crTpacpevTes e<fcev<yov fj 5 
 €Kao~TO<$ eovvaTo, ol o xLXXrjves ei<X 0V ro axpov. ol be 
 djJL(f>l Tccraacpepvrjv Kal ^Aptalov uttot paTrb/Juevoi, aXXrjv 
 
86 xeistophon's anabasis. 
 
 6Bbv w^ovto. ol Be dficjn Xeiplcrofyov fcaTaftavTe? efc 
 rb ireBiov eo-TpaTOireBevcravTo ev fcco/ir} fieary ttoXXcov 
 dya6cov. rjaav Be teal aXXav Ko^iai iroKXai TrXrjpets 
 iroXXwv dyaOcov ev tovtw t&> nreBucp irapd tov TlyprjTa 
 
 2 TTOTayuov. i)vifca S' r)v BelXr}, e^airivr]^ ol iroXeiiioi 
 eiri<^aivovTai ev T(p TreBia), fcal tojv 'EXXrjvcov tcare- 
 Ko^fdv Tivas rebv icrjceBao-fievcov ev tw 7reBi(p xaO* 
 dpirayr)v teal yap vofial iroXXal /3oo~fC7]fjLdrcDV Biafii- 
 (Batyfievab eh to nrepav tov TroTafiov KaTeXrj<fr0r)o-av. 
 
 3 evTCivOa Tco-cra(j>epvr)$ /cat ol crvv avTtp Kaieiv eire^ei- 
 prjcrav ra? K(£>\xa<$. teal tcov 'EXXrjvcov fidXa rjOv/bLTjcrdv 
 Tives, evvoov/ievoi, fir) to, eTTiTrjBeia, el Kaioiev, ovk 
 
 4 eypiev oiroOev XajJifidvoiev. kclI ol [lev d/uajn Xeipi- 
 ao<pov diryjeaav etc Tr)<$ fiorjOeias' 6 Be 'Bevocpcov eirel 
 /caTefSr), irapeXavvcov t<z? Tafet?, rjvlfca diro it}? ftor)- 
 
 5 6eia<$ dirrjVTi^aav ol "EXXrjves, eXeyev, 'Op&Te, c5 avBpes 
 f EXXrjves, vfyievTas tt)v %c*)pav rjBi] rjfieTepav elvai ; 
 a ydp, oTe eairevBovTO, BieirpaTTOVTO, fir) Kaieiv tt)v 
 fiacriXecos ydspav, vvv avTol Kaiovcriv a>? dXXoTpiav, 
 dXX' edv 7tov KaTaXiirwai ye ai>Toi$ tcl eiriTrjBeia, 
 
 6 o^jrovTai zeal i)fid$ evTavQa iropevofikvov^. dXX\ co 
 Xeipiaocpe, ecj^rj, Bofcet jjlol /3or)0elv eirl tov$ tcaiovTas 
 &)? inrep Tr)<$ r)fieTepa$. 6 Be Xeipiao^o^ elirev, Ovkovv 
 e/jbocye Bo/cel' dXXd real rj/juels, e<prj, Kalcofiev, teal ovtco 
 Qclttov nravcrovTai. 
 
 7 ''Eirel Be eirl ra? o-Kr)vd$ dirrfKOov, ol fiev aXXoi 
 nrepl tcl eiriTrjBeia rjcrav, aTpaTTjyol Be fcal Xo^ayol 
 avvr)X6ov. koX ivTavda TroXXr) diropia rjv. evOev puev 
 yap oprj rjv vTrepv-^rrjXa, evOev Be o 7roT<z//.o? toctovtos 
 to /3d0os &>9 firjBe tcl BopaTa virepeyeiv ireipoypbevoi^ 
 
 8 tov /3d6ov$. aTropovfJbevoLs S' avTol? irpocreXOcov tis 
 dvrjp c P6Sto? elirev, 'Eycb Qi\a>, co avBpes, Biaftiftdaai 
 v/jl&s KaTa TeTpaKio~')£LkLov<; OTrkiTas, dv ejiol oov Beo- 
 fiai VTrrjpeTrjcTTjTe ical TaXavTOv jjliq-Qov TroplarjTe. 
 
BOOK III. CHAP. V. 87 
 
 ipcorcbpuevos he orov heouro, 'Acr/ccov, ecprj, hio-^iXlcov 9 
 herjGOfJLac TroWa S' opco ravra 7rp6j3ara ical alya<$ 
 real /3o{/9 fcal ovovs, a dirohapevra ical (pvaTjOevra pa- 
 6Y&>9 av TTdpkyoi tt)V hidfiacnv. Setfao/xai, he ical rcov 10 
 hecrpicov oh ^prjcrde irepl ra viro^vyua' tovtois £eu|a? 
 rovs clctkovs irpbs dXkrfkovs, oppLLcras e/cacrrov dcrtcbv 
 ~ki6ovs dprrjaa<; ical dcpeh coarrep ay/cvpa? eh to vhcop, 
 htayaycov ical dpL<f>orepcodev hjjcras, eirifiaXco vXtjv ical 
 yr/v e7TL<popr)aco' on fiev ovv ov KarahvcreaOe avriica 11 
 pbd\a eicrecrOe' 7ra? yap der/ebs hvo avhpas e^ei rod firj 
 Karahvvai' cocrre he pur) bXicrOdveiv rj vXrj ical rj yrj 
 a^rjcrei. dtcov&acri ravra roh crrparrjyoh to puev ev- 12 
 OvfJbrjpia yapiev eho/cec elvac, rb £' epyov dhvvarov 
 ycrav yap ol KcoXvcrovres irkpav 7roXXol lirireh, ol evOix; 
 roh irpcoroi^ ovhev av eirerpeizov rovrcov iroielv. eV-13 
 ravOa rr)V puev vcrrepatav eirave^copovv eh rovparaXiv 
 [ff] 7rp6? BaftvXcova eh to.? dfcavcrrovs /ccofia^;, icara- 
 tcavcravres evOev e^rjecrav ware ol iroXepuioi ov rrpoo~r\- 
 Xavvov, dXXa eOecovro fcal opboiou rjcrav ^avpud^eiv, oirou 
 rrore rpe-^rovrat ol "EXXtjiAs /cat rl ev vco e^oiev. 
 evravOa ol puev aXXoo arparccorai dpu<pl ra eTrirrjheia 14 
 rjaav ol he arparrjyol /cal ol Xo^ayol itclKw avvrjXOov, 
 teal crvvayay6vre<; rov<; eaXcoicoras tfXeyxpv rrjv kvkXco 
 rracrav yapav rh eicdcrrT) eirj. ol 8' eXeyov, on ra 15 
 puev Trpbs pLeo-7]pb{3pLav t?}? iirl BafivXcova eXt) fcal Mtj- 
 hlav, he 1 rjenrep rj/cotev, r) he 7roo? eco eVl Xovad re koX 
 , E/c/3drava cpepot, ev6a Qepi^eiv /cal eapi^eiv Xeyerai 
 fiacriXevs, rj • he hca/3dvrt rbv irorapLov irpbs ecnrepav 
 eirl Avhiav koX 'Icovtav (frepoi,, rj he hca rcov opecov ical 
 7rpo? dpKrov rerpapupievr] on eh Kaphov^ov^ ayoi. 
 toutou? he ecfyacrav oiKelv dva ra opt] icaX iroXepLacovs 16 
 elvat, Kal fiacrCkecas ov/c dfcoveiv, dWa /cal epbftaXelv 
 nrore eh avrovs /3acn\iKr)V crrpartdv hcohe/ca puvpidhas ■ 
 rovrcov he ovhiva dirovoarrjcraL hid riyv hvo-ycapiav* 
 
88 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 Treoic 
 
 07T0T6 fievToi, 7r/)o? tov aaTpairrjv tov ev T(0 TTeOiftl 
 GireLaaivro, /cal ein/iLyvvvai acpcov re Trpbs i/ceivov? 
 
 17 /cal e/ceivcov irpos eavTOV?. d/covcravTes ravra ol arpa- 
 Trjyol e/cdOicrav %g>/h? tov9 e/cacrTa^ocre cpdcr/covTas 
 elBevai, ovBev BrjXov TrotrjcravTes, ottol iropeveaOaL 
 efieXXov. eBo/ceL Be tol<z crTpaTrjyoh dvay/calov elvaL 
 Sia tcov opecov eh KapBov)(pv<; epbfBaXelv tovtovs yap 
 hie\Q6vTCL<$ e<fiacrav eh 'Ap/nevlav rjtjetv, rjs 'Opovra? 
 rjpXe TroXXr)<; /cal evBalfiov-os. evrevdev S' eviropov 
 
 18 e<paaav elvaL, ottol Tt? edeXoL TropevecrOaL. eirl tov- 
 tols eOvcravTO, 6ttco<;, OTrr/vi/ca /cal Bo /coir) t?}? cbpas, tt\v 
 TTopeiav ttololvto • Tr)v yap VTrepfioXr)v tcov opecov eBe- 
 BoUecrav fir) TTpo/caTaXrjcpdetr) • fcal TrapiqyyeiXav, eirecSt) 
 heiTTViqo-aiev, crvvecrKevaafievov^ Trdvras avaTravecrdai, 
 koX eireaOaL, 7\vi/c dv Tt? TrapayyeXXy. 
 
 BOOK IV. 
 
 1 "Ocra pbev Br) ev rfj dva/3do~eL eyevero fie^pL r?}? 
 fid^T]?, /cal ocra fiera rr)v fid^r/v ev Tah crTTovBah «9 
 fiacriXevs /cal ol ctvv Kvpco dvafidvTes "EXXrjve? ecrTrei- 
 cravro, teal ocra Trapa{3dvTO<$ rds crTTOvBas /3acriXeco<; ical 
 Ticrcracfrepvovs eTToXefir)Qr\ irpbs rou? r, EXXr)va$ eTratco- 
 XovOovvtos tov TIepcTLKov crTpaTev/iaTOS, ev Tea Trpb- 
 
 2 aOev Xoyco BeBrjXcoTaL. eirel Be d<p(/covTo evOa 6 fiev 
 Tiypris TTOTafibs TravrdiraaLV diropos rjv Sid to fiddo? 
 /cal fieyeOos, Trdpodos Be ov/c rjv, dXXa rd KapBov^eia 
 oprj aTTOTOjiia virep avrov rod TTOTafiou e/cpe/naTO, eBo/cet 
 Br) rot? crTpaTTjyoLS Bed tcov opeojv iropevreov elvaL. 
 
 3 rj/covov yap twv dXia/cofievcov, on, el BiekOoiev rd Kap- 
 Bovyseia oprj, ev Tjj ^ Apfievia ret? Trrjyas tov TcyprjTO*; 
 TTOTajJLOv, r)v {lev /SovXcovTat, BiafirjcrovTaL, rjv Be jm; 
 
BOOK IV. CHAP. I. 89 
 
 fiovXcovTai, irepilacri. Kal tov Evcppdrov Be ra$ nrrj- 
 7a? iXeyeTO ov irpoaco tov TtyprjTOS elvai, kcli eariv 
 ouro)? eyov. T7]v 8* eh tovs KapBov^ovs e/bif3oXr)v coBe 4 
 ttoiovvtcll, ajxa fiev XaOelv Treipco/xevoi, ajxa Be cj)6daai 
 irplv tov<$ TroXe/jLiovs KCbTcCkafielv ra cucpa. eireiBr] rjv 5 
 dficpl T7\v Tekevraiav cpvXaKrjv Kal eXeiireTO r?)? vvktos 
 ocjov o-fcoraiov*; BieXOelv to ireBiov, TiqviKavTa dvacrTav-Kl^-^ 
 re? airo irapayyeXcrecos Tropevojxevoi dcpiKVOvvTai d/na 
 ttj rjuepa 77-^0? to opos. evda Br) Xeipicrocpos fiev rjyeiTO 6 
 tov o-TpcurevpuaTO^ Xaficov to dfMcj) clvtov Kal tovs yv- 
 fivrJTas TravTas, aevocpcov Be avv Toh oiriaOocfivXa^iv 
 ottXItclls eiireTO ovBeva eycov yv/jivrJTa' ovBeh yap kiv- 
 Svvos eBoKei elvai, firj rt? dvco nropevopuevcov e/c tov 
 oiriaOev eiricriroiTO. teal eirl puev to a/cpov dva/3alvei 7 
 Xetpco-ocfros irpiv Tiva alaOecrOai tcov iroXepLicov eireiTa 
 B ' v(j)7]yeLTO ' e^elireTO Be del to virepjBdXXov tov crTpa- 
 TevfiaTOS eh to.? Kcbjjias t<x? ev Toh dyiceorl Te Kal fiv- 
 ^ot? tcov opecov. evda Br) ol fiev KapBov^oi eKXiirovTes 8 
 tcls ol/cia<> e^oi/re? Kal yvvaiKas ical iralBas ecpevyov 
 eirl tcl opt), tcu Be eiriTrjBeia TroXXa rjv Xayufidveiu, 
 rjcrav Be tcaX yaXKcopLacri TrafZ'froXXoi^ KaTecTKevaapievai 
 at oliciai, cov ovBev ecpepov ol rf EXXr)ve$, ovBe tovs dv- 
 dpcoirovs eBlcoKov, v7rocj)eiB6p,€voi, et 7nw? eOeXrjcreiav 
 ol KapBov%oi Buevai avTOvs o>? Bid cpiXias t?)? ^copa?, 
 eireiTrep fiacriXei iroXepuoi rjcrav Ta fievTOi eiriTrjBeia, 9 
 otco Tt? eiriTvyydvoi, eXdfi/3avov dvdyicr} yap rjv. ol 
 Be KapBov^oi ovTe koXovvtcov virrjKovov ovTe aXXo 
 (piXi/cbv ovBev eTTolovv. eirel Be ol TeXevTaioi tcov c EX- 10 
 Xrjvcov icaTejBaivov eU to? Kcopias dirb tov a/cpov rjBrj 
 GKOTaloi, Bid yap to crTevrjv elvai tt)v 6Bbv oXrjv ttjv 
 rjjjiepav r) dvdfBaais avToi? eyeveTO ical tcaTdftacris eh 
 ra? /ccofias, TOTe Brj crvXXeyevTes Tives tcov KapBov)(cov 
 Tois TeXevTaioi? enzeQevTOy Kal direKTeivdv Tivas /cal 
 XiOois Kal TO^evjjbacri /caTeTpcocrav, oXiyoi Tives 6vTe<$* 
 
90 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 it; airpocrSoK^TOv yap avTol? iirenrecre to 'EXXtjvlkov. 
 
 11 el fievTOi Tore TrXeiovs avveXeyrjaav, izctvhvvevcrev dv 
 hiacpdaprjvai, 7roXv tov arrparevfjLaro';. zeal ravrrjv [xev 
 T7]V vvfera ovtcos iv rat? zedo/iai? iqvXi<jQr\<jav • ol he 
 Kaphou^oL irvpa iroXXd ezeacov zevzeXq) iirl tcov opecov 
 
 12 zeal (jvvecopcov dXXijXovs. ajxa he rfj rjfiepa crvveX6ovo~t 
 Tot? (TTparrjyoLS zeal Xo^ayoh tcov < EXXtjvcov ehofje tcov 
 Te vTro^vyicov to, dvayzeala zeal hvvaTCQTaTa TropeveaQai 
 eyovTas, KCLTaXi7r6vTa<$ TaXXa, zeal oirbcra rjv vecocrTl 
 alyjiaXcoTa dvhpdiroha iv ttj GTCLTia tt&vtcl acpeivcu. 
 
 13 cr^oXa lav yap iiroiovv tj)v iropeiav iroXXa ovto, tgl 
 virotyyia zeal to, alyjiakcoTa, 7roXXol he ol iirl tovtov? 
 ovTes aTtopLa^oi rjaav, hnrXdcrid Te tcl iiriTrjheia ehev 
 Tropl^eerOat zeal cj)epecr6ai, 7roXXcov tcov avOpconroov qvtcov* 
 ho^av he TavTa iierjpv^av ovtco iroielv. 
 
 14 ^Eirel he dpio-TrjaavTes eiropevovTO, eTriaT&VTes iv 
 CTTevop ol o-Tpa,T7)<yol, el tl evpiazcoiev tcov elprj/Mevcov /xr) 
 a(fieifJLevov, dcprjpovvTO, ol 8' iirelOovTO, irXrjv el rt? tl 
 eieXe^rev, olov r) 7ratSo9 iTnOvfirjcra^ r) yvvcuzebs tcov 
 ejuTTpeircov. zeal TavTrjv puev ttjv r)[jbepav ovtcos inropev- 
 07]o~av, to, fiev tl ^ayopuevoi tcl he zeal dvairavb^evoi, 
 
 15 eh he tt)v vaTepaiav yiyveTaL ^eifioov itoXvs, dvayzealov 
 8' rjv iropeveaOai' ov yap rjv Izcavd to, iiTLTrjheia. zeal 
 r)yeiTO jxev Xeipicrocpos, co7TLo-0o(pvXdzeeL he 'Eevo^cov, 
 
 16 zeal ol TToXefiLOL la^vpco^ iireTiQevTO, zeal o~Tevcov ovtcov 
 tcov ywpicov €771)9 TrpocribvTes iTo^evov zeal io-<pevhb- 
 vcov ooGTe r)vayzea£,ovTO ol ( EXXrjve? inrihicozeovTes zeal 
 ttolXlv avayaCpvTes o")(oXfj iropevecrOaL* zeal Qa/LLLvd 
 TrapriyyeXXev 6 ftevocficov vwo/xeveLv, ore ol iroXe/iLOL 
 
 17 la'xypcos iiTLieeoiVTO. ev6a 6 Xeiplarocfcos dXXoTe fjuevy 
 OTe TrapeyyvooTO, vireiieve, Tore he ov% V7re/ievev, dX)C 
 r)ye Ta^ecos zeal Trapr\yyva eireaQai, cocrTe hrjXov rjv, 
 otl irpdyiid tl eirj' o")(oXr) 8' ovzc r)v Ihelv irapeXdovTi 
 70 aoTiov t?}? airovhr)^' coo~Te r) Tropela ofiola (puyfj 
 
BOOK IV. CHAP. I. 91 
 
 eyiyvero roh oTnaOofyvhafy. Kal evravOa diroQvr)Q-Kei 18 
 dvrjp dyaObs Aafccovifcbs KXecovv/jLO? ro^evOeh Bed tt}? 
 aairihos Kal rfjs arroXdBo^ eh ra? irXevpds, teal Baala? 
 'Ap/eas hiajJUTrepes eh rrjv teecfraXrjv. eirel Be afylieovTO 19 
 hri erraOpLov, ev6vs oxnrep el%ev 6 aevocfrcov eXOaiv irpbs 
 rbv Xet,pL<ro<fiov yriaro avrov, on ov% vireyueivev, dXX 
 7]vayKaCpvT0 (fievyovres apta [id^eaOai. teal vvv Bvo 
 KaXco re KayaOa) dvBpe reOvarov, teal ovre dveXeaOau 
 ovre Qatyai, eBvvdfieOa, divoKpiverai o XeipLaocpos, 20 
 BXe-^rov, e(j>7], 7rpb<> to oprj teal IBe, &>9 dfiara rrdvra 
 earl' fita Be avrrj 6Bbs fjv opa? bpOia, teal eirl ravrrj 
 dvOpcoircov bpdv e^eerrl eroi oyXov roerovrov, ot Karei- 
 Xr}(f>bre<z efivXdrr overt, T7]v e/e/3acn,v. ravr iyoo ecrirev- 21 
 Bov teal Boa rovrb ere ov% vrrepuevov, el' 7tg)? BwalpuTiv 
 (p6dcrat nrplv KaretXrjcpOaL rr\v v7rep/3o\?]v ol 8' ?)ye- 
 [xoves ol)? eypp^ev ov (paaiv elvai aKKrjv 6B6v. 6 Be 22 
 ttevoefrcov Xeyec, 'AXX* eyco e^eo Bvo dvBpas. eirel yap 
 rjjMv nrpdypuara rrapelyov, ivTiBpeverapbev, oirep rjpuas 
 teal dvairvevcrai erroiriere, teal drreKreivapuev rivas av- 
 rCiVy teal favras TrpovOvjjLTqdrjjjLev Xafielv avrov rovrov 
 eveteev, oVoj? r)yepbbertv elBbcri rrjv ^copav %pT]craifJLe6a. 
 
 Kal evdij? dyayovres rovs dv6pd)7rovs r\Xeyyov Bia- 23 
 Xafibvres, et riva elBelev dXXr)v 6Bbv r) rrjv fyavepdv. 
 6 fiev ovv eVepo? ovte e<fir] teal fidXa ttoXXgov epb/3eov 
 TTpoo-ayofieveov eVel Be ovBev w^eXtfiov ekeyev, bpeov- 
 to$ rod erepov tearecrefidyr). 6 Be Xolttos eXe^ev, ot£ 24 
 ovros fiev Bid ravra ov epali] elBivac, ore avra> ervy^ave 
 Qvydrrip i/eel trap dvBpl eteBeBo/jievr] • avrbs S' ecprj 
 rjy/]creadai, Bvvarrjv Kal vTro^vytoi,? iropeveerdai 6B6v. 
 ipcorcofjievos B 1 , el elrj ri ev avrfj Bverrrdpirov %copLOv, 25 
 e<pr] elvai atepov, o el pbrj rt? TrpoiearaXrj'^roiro, dBvvarov 
 eaeaOai irape\6elv. evravda iBoteec avyKaXecravra^ 26 
 Xoxayovs Kal TreXraards Kal rwv oirXir&v Xeyew re 
 rh irapovra Kal ipcordv, et Tt? avrcov eariv ocms dvr)p 
 
92 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 dya6b<s ideXoc av yeveaOai teal vttogtcls e6e\o'sTr)<; iro- 
 27 pevecrOai. vtyicrTarai tgjv puev ottXltwv *Aps,crT(£>vvpLo<; 
 Medvhptevs 'Aptcas /cal 'AyaaLas ^rvjacpaXios ' Ap/cd<$, 
 avTiaTacna^cDV he clvtols KaWipLa%os Uappdaios *Ap- 
 /ea? /cal ovtos e<j)7] eOekeiv iropevecrQai 7rpoa\aj3cbv ede- 
 Xovras i/c iravTos tov aTpaTevpuaro^' eyoa yap, ecf)r}, 
 olha, on etyovrcu iroWol tcov vecov i/uiov r)yovpLevov. 
 2S i/c tovtov ipcorcbaiv, el T£? /cal twv yvpLvrjrcov Ta^idp- 
 %G)v edekoi avpuiropeveaOac. ytpLararaL 'Apto-Teas Xto?, 
 0? iroKXaypv irohXov a^io% tjj ar pared et? ra rooavra 
 eyevero. 
 
 Kai 7]v puev beiXr) rjorj, 01 o e/ceXevov avrovs epi(pa- 
 yovras iropeveaOai. /cal tov r)yepbova S/jcravres irapa- 
 hihbacnv avroLS, /cal avvriOevrai tt)v puev vv/cra, rjv 
 \d(3cDGi rb a/cpov, to yoaplov (pvXaTTeov, apua he ttj 
 r)p<epa tj) aaXnriyyi crrjpLaiveiv* /cal tovs jacv dvco 6v~ 
 to.? levai iirl tovs icaTeyovTa^ ttjv fyavepdv etcftacriv, 
 avTol he dvpi^orjOrjcreiv i/c/3aivovTe$ go? av hvvwvTau 
 
 2 Ta^icTTa. TavTa avvOepuevoi ol puev eirqpevovTO 7fkr)6o<$ 
 co? Slo-^lXcol' /cal vhcap ttoXv rjv i% ovpavov' aevocfiow 
 Be e^cov Tovs oTricrOofyvXatcas r)yetTO 77720? tt)v (pavepdv 
 e/cf3acriv, oirws Tavrrj ttj 6hS ol iroXepaov irpoa-e^oiev 
 
 3 tov vovv teal ct>? puakiaTa XdQoiev ol irepuovTes. eire) 
 he rjaav enrl ^apdhpa, ol O7ncr0o(pv\,a/ces, rjv ehei hia- 
 fidvTas 7r/}o? to opQiov i/cfiaiveiv, TTjvi/cauTa i/cvXiv- 
 how ol fidpfiapoi 6\oiTp6')(pv<; dpua^Lalovs teal /xet£bu? 
 /cal ekaTTOvs, 01 (pepofievot 7rpo? t<x? irerpas irraiovTes 
 h(,ecr(pevhova)VTO' /cal iravTairacnv ovhe ireXdorai olov 
 
 4 t' rjv ttj elcrohtp. evioi he tcov Xo^aycov, el pur) ravrr) 
 hvvaiVTO, aXkrj eireipcovTO' /cal Tavra eirolovv p<eyjpi 
 (7/coro? eyeveTO' ewel he wovto d(f)avels elvac dwcovTes, 
 Tore dirrjXOov eirl to helirvov ■ ervyyavov he /cal dvdpi- 
 (TTOi opTes avTcov ol 67ricr6o<f>v\afcr)o-avTes. ol pievToi, 
 TToXepuoi, [fyojBovpievoL hr)\ov 6VtJ ovhev eiravaavTO oV 
 
BOOK IV. CHAP. n. 93 
 
 0X77? *n}? vvfcrbs KvXivhovvres tovs XlOovs* re/c/uLaipe- 
 a6ai h rjv rd) tyocpM. ol S' e%ovre<; rbv rjyejJbbva kv- 5 
 kXm rrepuovres KaraXajifidvovo-i, rovs <f)ii\a/ca<; dficf)l 
 irvp Kadr\fxkvov^' Kal tovs puev KaraKavovres tovs he 
 Karahtco^avTes avrol evravO' ejievov &)? to a/cpov /cari- 
 'XpvTes. ol 8' ov Karel)(Ov, dXXd fiaarbs rjv virep av- 6> k * 
 toov, Trap* ov rjv r) arevrj avrrj ohos, e'cjfr' fj i/cd6rjvro ol 
 cf)v\afC€s. ecpohos fievrob avroOev eirl rovs iroXefJuiovs 
 rjv, o'l eirl rfj <f)avepa oSc3 eKddrjvro. Kal rrjv p,ev vv/cra 7 
 ivravda hirjyayov eirel S' ijjxepa virefyaivev, eiropev- 
 ovro cnyfj avvTerayiievoi eirl toi>? 7to\€jjliov<; • /cal 
 yap o/ML-^Xr) eyevero, (bare eXaOov iyyvs irpoaeXOovre^. 
 eirel he elhov dXXrjXovs, rj re adXiriy^ etydey^aro /cal 
 dXaXd^avre^ cevro eVl tov? dvOpdmovs' ol he ovk 
 ihe^avro, dXXd Xiirovres rrjv ohov (frevyovres oXlyoc 
 direOvrjaKov evfavot yap rjaav. ol he d/jb<pl Xeiplcro- 8 
 (f)ov aKOvcravTes rrjs crdXTTLyyo? ev0v<; tevro avco Kara 
 rrjv (fravepdv ohov aXXot he rcov G-rparrjycov Kara 
 dTpcfiels 6hovs eiropevovTO y erv)(pv eKaaroi ovres, Kal 
 dvafiavres o>? ihvvavro uvl/jlcov dXXrjXovs Tot? hopaai. 
 Kal ovtol irpcoroL Gwepui^av rot? irpoKaraXa^ovai to 9 
 %coplov. tlevo^cbv he e^cov rcov o7ncr0ocf)vXd/c(i)V tou? 
 rjfiLaeLs eiropevero fjirep ol rbv rjyejjubva eyovres* evo- 
 hcordrrj yap rjv tol? viro&y iocs' tovs he rj/jbccrecs ottl- 
 crOev tcjv viro^vyioav era^e. iropevofjcevoi h' ivTvy%d- 10 
 vovai \6(f)cp virep rrjs ohov KarecXrjfjc/xeva) virb twv 
 7ro\e/jiLcov, ovs r) dirotco-^rai rjv dvdyfcr) rj hce£ev)£0ai, dirb 
 toov aXXcov ' EXXrjvcov. Kal avrol fiev av eiropevOrjaav 
 yirep ol aXXoi, rd he virotyyia ovk rjv aXXrj r) ravrr) 
 etcfirjvai. evOa hrj Trapa/ceXevcrd/jLevot, dXXrjXots irpoa- 11 
 /3dX\ovcrc 7rpo? rbv Xocfrov opOlois rot? Xo-^ols, ov 
 kvkXcl), dXXd fcaraXiTrovres acf)ohov rots iroXepblois, ec 
 QovXoLvro (pevyeiv. Kal recos fiev avrovs dva/3aivov- 12 
 Ta? oirrj ehvvavTO eKacrros ol j3dp/3apoi iro^evov Kal 
 
94 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 e/3aXXov, iyyi>$ §' ov irpocrlevTo, dXXd cpvyfj Xelnrovai 
 to ycjopiov. teal tovtov re irapeXrjXvOecrav ol f EXXr]ve<; 
 /cat erepov bpcocriv ejiTrpoaOev Xbcpov KaTeybfxevov iirl 
 
 13 tovtov av ls iBo/cet, iropeveaOai. ivvorjcras 8' o aevo- 
 cpcov, /jltj, el epr^xov KaTaXeiiroi tov rjXmKOTa Xbcpov, 
 real irdXiv XafibvTes ol 7ro\e/Moi iiriOolvTO tol$ vtto- 
 fyyiois Trapiovcriv, eirl ttoXv 8' rjv tcl viro^vyia d\e Sta 
 crTevrjs Trjs bhov 7ropevbfieva, KaTaXeLirei eirl tov Xocpov 
 Xoyayovg KrjcpLabScopov KrjCpiaocpcovTog ' AQr)valov Kai 
 ' AjxcpiKpaTtrv ^AfJLcpihrjfiov ' A6r)valov Kai * Apyaybpav 
 ''Apyelov cpvydSa, clvtos Se crvv toIs XolitoZs iiropeveTO 
 iirl tov hevTepov Xocpov, Kai Tea clvtco Tpbirco Kai tov- 
 
 14 TOV alpOVCTLV. €TL S' CLVTOLS T/CHTO? fJLCLCTTOS Xoi7TO<$ TjV 
 
 iroXv 6p6icoTaTos 6 virep tt)<; iirl tcd irvpl KaTaXrjcpdel- 
 15<r?79 cpvXaKr)$ tt}<; vvktos virb tcov iOeXovTcov. iirel S' 
 iyyvs iyevovTO ol "EXXrjves, Xelirovcnv ol jSdpftapoi 
 afxa^Ti tov fAacrTov, wore ^avfiacrTov iracri yevecrOav 
 Kai vircoTTTevov SelcravTas avTovs, pJq KVKXco6evTe$ 
 iroXcopKolvTO, diroXiirelv. ol S' dpa dirb tov aicpov 
 tcaOopcbvTes to, oiricrOev yiyvb\xeva irdvTes iirl tovs 
 
 16 birtcrOocpvXaKas eyoapovv. Kai tievocpcbv fiev crvv toZ<$ 
 vecoTaTOis dvefiaivev iirl to aicpov, tovs Be aXXovs i/ci- 
 Xevcrev virdyeiv, oircos ol TeXevTaZoi Xbyoi irpoo-fAi- 
 %€Lav, teal irpoeXOovTas kcltcl tt)v bBbv iv tco bfiaXcp 
 
 17 QecrOaL to, oirXa elire. Kai iv tovtco tco yjpbvcp rjXOev 
 ' ' Apyaybpag b * Apyelog irecpevycos Kai Xeyec go? aireicb- 
 irrjcrav dirb tov irpooTov Xbcpov Kai otl TeOvacn Ksqcpi- 
 crbBcopog Kai AficptKpdTrjs Kai aXXou ocroi fir] aXXbfievoi 
 KaTcu tt}<; irkrpas 7rpo? tovs oTncrQocpvXaKa^ dcpUovTO. 
 
 18 TavTa 8e hiairpa^diievoi ol fidp/Sapoi tJkov eV dvTi- 
 iropov Xocpov tco jjbacTTa) ■ Kai nevocpcov SieXiyeTO avTols 
 St' 6pfJL7]veco<; Trepl airovhcov Kai tovs veKpovs dirrjTei. 
 
 19 ol he ecpacrav a7roS(oaetv ecp 1 co fir) Kaieiv Tag Kcopuag. 
 o-vvcoyboXbyei TavTa b Revocpcov. iv & Be to fiev aXXo 
 
BOOK IV. CHAP. II. 95 
 
 arpdrevjia irapyei, ol Be ravra BceXeyovro, rrdvre? ol 
 i/c rovrov rod rbirov avveppiirjaav. evravOa Icrravro 
 ol iroXefiioi. teal eVel yp^avro Karaftaiveiv dirb tov 20 
 /jLaarov 7rpb<z tou? aXXovs, evOa rd orrXa etceivTO, levro 
 Br) ol iroXe/JLiOL iroXXco 7rX7]6ei, teal Qopvficp' zeal eVel 
 eyevovro eTrl rrj<; Kopvcjyrjs rod /JLaarov, d(j>* ov ttevo<f>cov 
 tcarefiaivev, eicvXivBovv irerpa^ ' Kal ivbs fiev Karea^av 
 rb crfceko<;, 'Bevoc^covra Be 6 viraaTnarr)^ eyoov rr)v 
 dcnriBa drreXnrev EvpvXoyo^ Be Aovcnevs 'Aprcas 21 
 irpocreBpafxev avrco 6irXirr)^ y Kal irpb d/i(f)oZv Trpofte- 
 fiXrjfievos dire^oopei, Kal ol aXXoc 7rpbs rovs crvvre- 
 ray/ievovs anrrjhBov. i/c Be rovrov rrdv bfiov iyevero 22 
 rb 'EXXtjvlkov, Kal iancrjvrjcrav avrov ev 7roXXal<; Kal 
 KaXats oiKiais Kal emrir/Beioi^ Ba^fCkeai' Kal yap olvos 
 7ro\v$ rjv, ov ev XaKKOis Koviarol<; el^ov. aevocpcov Be 23 
 Kal Xeipio-ocfios Bierrpa^avro coorre Xa/36vre<; rov$ ve- 
 Kpoijg direBocrav rbv rjye/jbova' Kal irdvra e7roir)o~av rdi<$ 
 drroOavovcriv £k rcov Bvvarcov, coairep vopbl^erai dvBpd- 
 criv dyaOol?. rfj Be varepala dvev r)yefiovo<; eiropevovro • 24 
 /na^o/uievot o° ol iroXe/juioc Kal orrrj elrj crrevbv ywpiov 
 7rpoKara\a/jLJ3dvoT)res £kcoXvov t<x? irapbBovs. bizbre 25 
 fiev ovv tou9 rrpcorovs KcoXvocev, aevocfrcov omaOev €K/3al- 
 vcov 7T/309 rd oprj eXve rr)v dirofypa^iv rrjs irapoBov to?? 
 rrpoaroi^ dvcorepco 7rei,pcop,evo<; yiyveaOao rcov iccoXvov- 
 rcov, orrore Be rot? oiucrOev eiriQdivro, Xet,plo~ocf)0<; 26 
 eKJBalvcov Kal ireipcofxevo^ dvcorepco yiyvecrQai rcov kco- 
 Xvovrcov eXve rr)v drrocppa^iv rr)$ irapoBov rots oiti- 
 crOev Kal del ovrcos i/3orj6ovv dXXrjXoi? Kal Icvxypcos 
 aXXrjXcov eirepbeXovro.- rjv Be Kal oirore avrols rot? 27 
 avafidcu iroXXa irpdy/iara irapelyov ol {Sdpfiapoi, ird- 
 Xtv Karafiaivovenv eXa<f>pol yap r)crav, cocrre Kal ey- 
 yvQev cpevyovres diro^evyew ovBev yap eiyov aXXo r) 
 ro^a Kal acf}evB6va<; • dpicrroi Be ro^orai rjaav elyov 28 
 Be ro^a €771)? rpiirrj^rj, rd Be ro^evfiara rrXeov r) 
 
96 xenophon's anabasis. • 
 
 hiinfy 7 ]' clXkov Be ra? vevpds, ottotg Totjevoiev, 7r/?o? 
 to kcltco tov ro^ov rco dpLCTepS 7roBl TrpocrftaivovTes ' 
 tcl Be To^ev/iara ly6apei Blcl tcov dcrirlBcov real Bia tcov 
 QcopaKcov. iypcovTO Be avTols ol "EXXrjves, iirel Xd- 
 fioiev, clkovtiqis ivayKvXcovTe^. iv tovtols tol<; ycopioLS 
 ol Kprjres ypTjo-L/jLcoTaTOL iyevovTO. VpX e ^ clvtcov 
 ^Tparofckrjs Kpfc. 
 3 Tavrrjv B* av rrjv rjfiepav r\h\lo-Qr\o-av iv Tat? kco- 
 
 ficus Tal<$ virep tov ireBiov rod irapa tov Kevrpirijv 
 irorapbov, evpos &)? BlirXeOpov, o? bpL%ei rrjv 'Ap/xeviav 
 Kal rrjv tcov KapBov^cov y&pav. Kal ol r/ EXXr)ve<; iv- 
 ravOa dveiravcravTO dcrpuevoL IBovTe? ireBiov direlye 
 Be tcov bpecov 6 iroTapbbs &>? e£ r) eTrrd araBia tcov 
 
 2 KapBov)(cov. Tore [xev ovv Tj-vXlorOrjcrav fidXa rjBecos 
 Kal TcnriTrfiua eyovTes ical TroXXa tcov TrapeXifXvOoTcov 
 irbvcov p.vrjjiovevovTe^. eirrd yap rj/JLepas, oeraenrep 
 iiropevOrjcrav Blcl tcov KapBovycov, irdcra^ fiayofievoL 
 Bierekecrav, Kal eiraOov kcuccl ocra ovBe to, crvpLnravTa 
 vtto (3ao~LXeco$ Kal TLcrcracpepvovs. co? ovv dirrjXXa- 
 yJievoL tovtcov rjBecos iKOLpaqOrjcrav. 
 
 3 r/ A/xa Be rfj rjpLepa opcocTLV lirnrels ttov irepav tov 
 7totcl/jLov. i%(07r\Lo-fAevov<; &)? KcoXvcrovTas BLaftatveLV, 
 7re%ov$ S' iirl reus b'yBam TrapaTeTayfievovs avco rcov 
 lirirecov &>? KcoXvcrovTas et? T7]v 'Apjievlav eK(3aiveLV. 
 
 4 rjaav S' ovtol 'Opovrov kol ^ApTOvypv, 'ApfievLOL kclI 
 MapBovLOL kol XaXBaloL fiLcrOocpopoL. iXeyovTO Be ol 
 XaXBaloL iXevdepol re kcli oXkl/xol elvai' oirXa cT 
 
 5 elypv yeppa pLaKpa, kol Xoyya^. al Be o^OaL clvtcll, 
 e\£' cov Traparerayjubivoi, ovtol rjcrav, Tpia rj TeTTapa 
 7rXe0pa diro tov iroTafiov direl^pv ■ oBbs Be fila rj opa>- 
 fievrj rjv ayovcra avco iocrrep yeLpoTTOLTjTo^ • TavTy erreL- 
 
 6 ptovTO BiaftaiveLv ol "EXXrjves. iirel Be TreLpco/JLevoLS 
 to Te vBcop virep tcov pi,ao~Ttov efyaiveTO, Kal Tpa%v<; r\v 
 6 7roTa/xo? fieyaXoLS Xl6ols Kal oXLcrOrjpOLS, Kal ovt iv 
 
BOOK IV. CHAP. III. 97 
 
 T&5 vBarv ra oirXa r)v e^eiv el Be fir], rjpira^ev 6 iro- 
 tcljjlos' eirl re 7779 tce<fyaXr)<; to oirXa el res (fiepoi, 
 ryvfjivol eylyvovro irpbs ra ro^evfiara teal rdXXa /3eXr]' 
 dve-^coprjaav ovv teal avrov earparoireBevaavro irapd 
 rbv irorafjiov' evOa he avrol rrjv irpoo~6ev vv/era r)crav, 7 
 eirl rov opovs echpeov rovs KapBov^ovs iroXXovs avvec- 
 Xey/xevovs ev rocs ottXols. evravOa Bij rroXXr) aOypbla 
 
 T}V TOLS "EXXrjCTLV, OpCOCTL JX€V TOV TTOTajjLOV TTjV BvCTTTO- 
 
 plav, opodcru Be rovs Biafiaiveiv tecoXvaovras, opcoao Be 
 T0Z9 Bia(3alvovaiv eiriteeiaoiievovs rov? KapBov-^ovs 
 oiTiaOev. ravrrjv /lev ovv rr)v r)puepav teal rr)v vvtera 8 
 e/iecvav ev 7roXXjj drropla ovreg. aevocf)cov Be ovap 
 eioev eoogev ev rreoais oeoeauat, avrai oe avrco avro- 
 fiarai rrepLppvrivaL, cocrre XvOrjvao teal Biafialveiv otto- 
 <jov e/3ovXero. eirel Be opQpos rjv, epyerai rrpbs rov 9 
 XetpLccxpov teal Xeyeu, ore eXirlBas e^ei teaXa)? eaeadat, 
 teal Birjyelrav avrS to ovap. o Be rjBero re teal 009 
 rdyicra ea><; virefyaivev edvovro rrdvres rrapovres ol 
 arparr\yoi' teal ra lepa teaXa rjv ev9v$ eirl rov Trpco- 
 tov. teal dmovres airo rwv lepcov ol arparrjyol teal 
 Xoyayol irapr)yyeXXov rfj arparoa dptcrroTrocelaOai,. 
 teal apio-ToiVTL tc3 aevo^oyvro rrpocrerpeyov Bvo veavi- 10 
 area) • yBecrav yap rrdvres, ore e^elrj avrco teal dpi- 
 aroiVTL teal Beiirvovvri rrpoaeXOelv teal, el teaQevBoi, 
 eireyelpavra elnrelv, el rls re e%oc rcov 737309 rov 7roXe~ 
 fiov. teal rore eXeyov, on rvyydvoiev cfipvyava avX- 11 
 Xeyovres et>9 eirl irvp, tedrreira tearlBocev ev rS rrepav 
 ev rzerpais teaOrj/eovcraLS eir avrbv rov rrorafibv yepovrd 
 re teal yvvac/ca teal rraLBicneas coenrep p,apai7rov<; Ifia- 
 rtwv KarartOefievov^ ev irerpa dvrpcoBec. IBovcrc Be 12 
 aepcat Bo^ac dacfiaXes elvai Bia{3r)vat,' ovBe yap rocs 
 TroXejjLiois lirirevcrL rrpoo-fiarbv elvai teard rouro. 
 e/eBvvres S' e<paaav e^ovres rd ey^eipiBia yv/ivol a>9 
 vevaofievoi BiafiaLveiv rropevo^evoi Be irpoaOev Bca- 
 
 5 
 
98 xenophon's. anabasis. 
 
 fir\vai irplv fipe^ac ra alBola' /cat BiafidvTes /ecu \a> 
 
 13 fiovTes ra Ijidria ttciKiv r\iceiv. evdvs ovv 6 'Eevcxfiwv 
 
 clvtos re ecnrevSe /cal rot? veavicr/cois iy^eiv e/ceA-eue 
 
 kclL evyecrQai rots cfy^vacn $eot? rd re bvelpara Kal tov 
 
 Tropov Kal rd Xoiird dya6d eiriTeXecrai. ajrelcras B J 
 
 ev6v<$ r/ye tov? veavicrKOVS irapa tov Xeipicrocpov, Kal 
 
 [±8ir)<yovvTaL ravrd. d/covo~a<; Be Kal o Xeipccrocjx)? o~ttov- 
 
 8d<z eirolei. <T7reio-avTe<$ Be rots fiev aAA,045 irapr^y- 
 
 yeWov (jvcTKe.vd'Qs.aQaiy avTol Be crvyKaXeaavTes 7-01)5 
 
 crTpaT7)yovs e(Bov\evovTO, oVft)? dv tcdXkiorra BiafBalev 
 
 Kal tovs re efJLirpocrOev viK&ev /cat vito tcov oinaOev 
 
 15 jbL7)$ev 7rdcr)£oiev KaKov. /ecu eSofjev avrols Xeipicro<fiov 
 
 fiev ^yelaOac Kal Biaftaiveiv e^pvra to rj/juav tov crTpa- 
 
 TeVflCLTOS, TO S' rjfJUCTV 6TC VTTOfieveiV GVV *Bt£VO<§)U>VTl 3 
 
 Ta Be viro^vyia /cat tov ojjXov ev fiecrco tovtcov Siaf3al- 
 
 IQvecv. €7rel Be /cakcios tclvtcl efyev e7ropevovTO % r\yovvTO 
 
 c>' ol veavlcrKOi ev dpicrTepa e%0VTe$ tov iroTafzov oBbs 
 
 17 Be tjv eTrl ttjv Bid^aaiv &>5 TeTTapes crTaBcot. iropevo- 
 fievcov S' avTcov avTiiraprjecrav al Tat;ei<; twv iTTTrecov. 
 e7reiBrj Be rjcrav icaTa tt}V Bid/3aacv /ecu t<z5 o%6a<; tov 
 iroTafJiov, WevTO Ta oifKa, /cat a\jTo<$ irpcoTos Xeipt- 
 cro0o? GTe(f)avcDcrd{ievos /cat diroBvs e\d/jij3ave Ta oirka 
 Kal Toes dXkois iracn iraprjyyeXXe, /cat tov? \o%ayov<; 
 i/ceXevev dyeiv tov<$ \oypv<$ opOcovs, tovs fiev ev dpi- 
 
 18 crTepa tov? S' ev Be^ta eavTOv. /cal' ol fiev fidvTeis 
 iacpayid^oVTO eh tov iroTaybbv ol Be TroXepuoi eTO^evov 
 
 19 T€ /cal ea^>evB6va>v ■ dX)C ovttco I^ikvovvto. eirel Be 
 zcaXa tjv Ta crcfrdyia, eiraidviCpv irdvTes ol crTpaTicoTai 
 Kal dvrfkdXa^ov, crvvco\6\v%ov Be /cal al ywaZ/ces dira- 
 crac iroXkal yap rjcrav eTalpai ev tco crTpaTev/xaTi. 
 
 20 /cal Xeip[o-o(f)o<; fiev eve/3acve /cal ol crvv e/celvq)' 6 Be 
 
 *EeVO(f)CQV TQ)V 67TCO-6o(j)VX,d/CCOV \a{3cbv TOU9 ev^covoTa- 
 
 tovs Wet dva /cpaTO<z irdXcv eVl tov iropov tov /caTa 
 
 T7)V €tc/3aO-lV T7]V €45 T« T&V 'ApJjL£VLCOV OpT], TTpOGITOL' 
 
BOOK IV. CHAP. III. 99 
 
 ovfievos ravrrj hcaftas airoKXeiaeiv tou? irapa tov tto- 
 rafjiov LTTireh. ol he TroXepnoi opoovres piev tou9 dfi<fi2\ 
 Xecplcrocpov evireTcos to vhcop irepcovTa^, opaivre? he 
 tovs d/xcpl ttevocfrcovra Seovras eh TovpuraXtv, heicrav- 
 T€? fir) ciTTOKKeia6etr]aav cpevyovcrtv dvd K.puTO<$ 609 
 7rpo9 ttjv airb tov TroTa/iov €K/3acriv avco. eirel he 
 Kcura tt\v bhbv eyevovTO, eTeivov avco 7rpb<> to 0/909. 
 Avklos 6" 6 TTjV tci^lv eycov tcov Irnrecov Kal Ala^iVTj^ 22 
 o ti]V tci^cv eywv tcov nreXTacrTcov tcov djAcpl Xeipicro- 
 <pop, eirel ecopcov ava Kpcuros (frevyovTas, elirovTO' ol Be 
 crTpaTiQiTai efiocov firj diroXeiiTeaQai dXXa crvveKJ3aiveLV 
 eirl to opos. Xeipicrocf)o<; £>' av eirel hcij3r], tov? fiev23 
 liTTreas ovk ehicoKev, ev0ij<; he Kara t<29 7rpocr7]Kovaa^ 
 oyOas eirl tov TTOTaphv e^e/3aivev eirl tov? avco TroXe- 
 fjLiovs. ol he avco, opcovTes p,ev tov? eavTcov lirirea^ 
 cpevyovTas, opcovTes S' oirXiTas crcpccnv eiriovTas, eicXei- 
 ttovcti tcu iiirep tov iroTafiov aicpa. aevo<pcov h\ e7ret24 
 to, irepav ecopa icaXcos ycyvop,eva, direycopei tt\v Tayi- 
 ctt7)v 7rpo9 to hiafialvov o-TpaTevp-a' Kal yap ol Kap- 
 hovyoi (pavepol rjhrj rjcrav eh to irehtov KQTa(SalvovTe<z 
 009 eiridrjCTotievoL T0Z9 TeXevTaloi<;. Kal Xeipicrocpo? 25 
 puev Ta avco tcaTelye, Avkios he crvv oXlyoLs eirfyeipr]- 
 cras eTrthico^ai eXafie tcov crfcevocpopcov tcl viroXeiiro- 
 fieva Kal fieTa tovtcov eaOrjTa Te /caXrjv Kal eK7rco/xaTa. 
 Kal Ta fiev crKevocpopa tcov ^EXXtfvcov Kal 6 0^X0926 
 aKfirjV hiejBaive, ttevocpcov he cTTpe-tyas 777)09 tou9 Kap- 
 hov%ov<; avTia Ta oirXa eOeTO, Kal iraprjyyeiXe to*9 
 Xoyayols kot evcopoTias TrouqtracrQai eKacrTOv tov eav- 
 tov Xoypv, Trap acnrihas TrapayayovTas tt)v evcopuoTiav 
 eVl cpdXayyo?' Kal toxjs fiev Xoyayovs Kal tou9 evco- 
 p,OTtipya<; Trpos tcov Kaphovycov levat, ovpayovs he 
 KaTacTTi^cracrOai 7rpo9 toO iroTa/jiov. ol he Kaphovyoc 27 
 G09 ecopcov tol»9 oTTLcrOocpvXaKas tov 6-)(Xov ^iXovfJievov^ v 
 Kal bXiyovs r}hrj cpaivofievovs, Suttov hrj eirrjeaav cohd? 
 
100 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 rivas aBovTes. 6 Be Xeiplcrocpos, eirel to. irap avT<£ 
 dcrcfraXcbs ^X €} r]T ^f l7r61 ' ^rapa tzevocpcovTa tovs ireXra- 
 (jtcis koX (KpevSovrjTas /cal to^otcls /cal /ceXevet, iroielv 
 
 28 6, tl av irapayyeXXy. IBcov Be avrovs Bia(3aivovTas 6 
 p,evocf)a}V TTepL^as dyyeXcv iceXevei clvtov jxelvat eirl 
 tov irorafiov jjut) Bia(3dvTa$' orav B J ap^covrac avrol 
 Biafiaiveiv, ivai'TLOVs evQev /cal evQev cr(pa)v efjb(3alveiv 
 &>9 Biaj37]crofievovs, Bi7]y/cvXcD{ievovs toi)? d/covTicrTas 
 /cal eTufie{3X7)iJLevov5 tovs ro^oras' fir) irpoaco Be tov 
 
 29 irorajjiov irpofiaiveiv. Toh Be Trap eavrS iraprjyyei- 
 Xev, eiretBav acpevBovr] e^t/cvrJTaL /cal do~7rh ^jrocpf], 
 iraiavlaavTas Selv eh tovs 7roXe/iLOV<;' eTretBdv Be 
 avaarpe^cocnv ol iroXefAioi /cal i/c tov Trora/iov 6 craX- 
 7TLy/CTr)s <jr\\xr)vri to TroXepLixov, avaarpe^ravTas eirl 
 Bopv rjyelaOai, fiev tovs ovpayovs, Qelv Be irdvTas /cal 
 Biaftaiveiv oti Tayicrra y e/ca<jTO? tt\v tol^lv el^ev, 
 &>? jllt] eparoBl^eiv aXXtfXovs' on ovtos apicrTos ecroiro, 
 
 30 o? av Trp&Tos ev tS irepav yevTjTai. ol Be KapBov^ot 
 opoovres oXiyovs rjBrj rou? Xoiitovs, iroXXol yap ical 
 tcov [xeveiv rerayfievcov $%ovto eirijneX7]o-6fievoi ol puev 
 viro^vyicov, ol Be cr/cevcov, ol S' eraipcdv, evravOa Brj 
 eire/ceivTO S-paaeo)^ /cal r^pyovTO crcpevBovdv /cal TO^evew, 
 
 31 ol Be "EXXrjves iraiaviaavTes cop/jLTjuav BpojJLw eir av- 
 tou9' ol Be ov/c eBe^avro' /cal yap rjaav (hirXcafievoi, 
 <w? fiev ev tols opecriv l/cavcos' irpbs to eiriBpajiieLv /cal 
 fyevyeiv, irpbs Be to eh %€tpa? Be^eadai, ov% l/cavco?. 
 
 32 ev TOVT(p o-rjiiaLvei 6 o-aXiriytcTiqs • /cal ol fjuev iroXe/xiot 
 ecbevyov iroXv ert S-cittov, ol S' f EXXijves TavavTia 
 GTpe'tyavTes ecpevyov Bid tov iroTajxov oti TayiGTa. 
 
 33 twv Be nroXeiilwv ol fiev Tives aladojubevot irakiv eBpa- 
 fiov eirl tov TroTajibv /cal TO^evovTes bXlyovs eTpco- 
 crav, ol Be 7roXXol /cal irepav ovtcov t&v c EXXijvcov cti 
 
 34 (pavepol rjcrav $>evyovTe<;. ol Be viravTrjcravTes dvBpi- 
 tyjjbevoL /cal 7rpocrcL)Tepa> tov /caipov irpolbvTes vaTepnv 
 
BOOK IV. CHAP. in. IV. 101 
 
 t&v [Aera aevocpcovros Scefirjaav iraXiv Kal irpcoOr)- 
 adv rives Kal tovtcdv. 
 
 'Eirel Be. Siefirjcrav, cruvra^d/jLevot dpicftl pLecrov rjpbe- 4 
 pas iiropevOrjcrav Bid tPjs 'Apfievias ireBlov dirav Kal 
 Xelovs yrjXofyovs ov pielov i) irevre irapaardyyas' ov 
 yap rjcrav €771)9 tov iroTapiov tcwfxai Sea tovs iroXepiovs 
 TOU? irpbs Tou? KapSov^ovs. els Be rjv clc^lkovto kco- 2 
 purjv pueydXr) re rjv Kal jBaaiXeiov el^e tg3 aarpdirr) 
 Ka\ eirl rals irXetaTats oiKtais Tvpareis iirrjcrav eiri- 
 TrjBeta S' r)v BayjnXrj. ivrevOev 8' iiropevOrjcrav ara- 3 
 Ojjbovs Bvo, irapacrdyyas Se/ca, p^e^pt vireprjXOov rds 
 Trrjyas tov TiyprjTos iroTapiov. evTevdev 8' iiropev- 
 6r)o~av aradfiovs rpeis, irapaordyyas irevTeKalSeKa, eirl 
 tov TrjXej36av iroTapuov. ovtos 8' rjv KaXbs puev, pue- 
 ya<; S' ov' KcopLat, Be iroXXal irepl tov iroTapubv rjcrav. 
 6 Be T07TO? ovtos 'Appuevta eKaXetTO r) 7rpo9 eairepav. 4 
 virapyos B" rjv avTrjs Tipifiatps, Kal fiaaiXeZ (f)lXo<; 
 yevopuevos, Kal oirore irapelr), ovSels aXXos {3ao~i\ea 
 eirl tov tirirov dve/3aXXev. ovtos TzpocrrjXacrev iirireas 5 
 eywv, Kal it poire pb'tyas ep/ir)vea elirev, otl (BovXoito Bia- 
 XeyOrjvav toIs dpyovai. tols Be aTpaTrjyols eBo^ev 
 aKovcrao' Kal irpocreXOovTes els eirrJKOOV rjpcoTCOV, tC 
 3-eXoc. 6 Be elirev, otl aireiaaaOai (3ovXolto e\£' o§ 6 
 purjTe avTos tou9 (/ EXXrjva<; dBoKelv purJTe eKeivovs Kaieiv 
 to.9 OLKias, XapL^dveov Te TairiTrjBeLa, ocrcov BeoivTO. 
 eBo^e TauTa tols o-TpaTrjyols Kal iairetcravTO eirl tov- 
 tol<$. 
 
 'EvTevOev S' iiropevOrjcrav GTaOfiovs Tpels Sid ire- 7 
 Blov, irapaadyyas irevTeKaiBeKa' Kal Tipifiatps iraprj- 
 KoXovOei eywv ttjv eavTov Bvvapuv, dire^cov C09 SeKa 
 CTTa$iov$' Kal d(f)LKOVTO e/9 (Bao-lXeia Kal Koofias irepi^ 
 iroXXds iroXXwv tcov eiriTrjSeLcov pueaTas. crTpaToire- S 
 Bevopievcov 8' axjT&v ytyveTao tt}9 vvktos %i>d)v tto~KXt) % 
 Kal ecoOev eSo^e BiaaKrjvrjaat Tas Ta^eis Kal tovs o~Tpa- 
 
102 XENOPHON'S ANABASIS. 
 
 Tijyov? Kara tcl<s fccbfias* ov yap ecopccv iroXepuiov oih 
 Beva Kal da(fra\e<; iSoKei, elvav Bid to 7r\r}6os t?}? 'xjlovos. 
 
 9 ivravda elyov irdvra tcl 67rtTrjSeca, oaa icrrlv dyaOd, 
 lepeia, ctZtov, otvovs nrakaLovs evcoSets, dara^iha^, 
 barrpca iravToBaird. tcov Be dirGaKeBavvvjJLevcDV rives 
 diro rod crTpaT07riBou eXeyov, otl KaTiBotev arpdrevfia 
 
 10 /cat vvKTcop TToXkd Trvpd (palvoiTO. iSo/cet Brj tois 
 o-rpaTTjyols ovk dcr<fia\es elvau SiacrK7)vovv, dXkd crvv- 
 ayayelv to aTpaTev/ia tvclKlv. IvTevOev crvvrjkdov Kal 
 
 11 yap iBo/ceo SiaiQpid'C l eiv. vvtcTepevovToov S' avTwv ev- 
 ravOa eTTiTTLTTTei yiu>v aifkeTOs, coo~Te drreKpv^e ical 
 tcl 07r\a Kal tovs dv6pco7rov<; KaTafceLfiivovs ' teal to, 
 VTro^vyca avveiroBiaev r) yiwv Kal ttoXvs okvos r)v 
 dviGTao-Qai' fcaTa/cecpLevcov yap dXeeivov r)v r) yiwv 
 
 12 iTTLTreTTTCOKVLa, OT(p pbT) Trapappvelrj. eirel Be aevocpcov 
 iToXfirjcre yvfivbs dvaaTm o-yj^eiv %v\a, Taya dvacrTds 
 Tt? Kal aXkos e/celvov dcpeXo/xevos ecryi^ev. etc Be tov- 
 tov Kal ol ahXou dvacrTavTes irvp GKaiov Kal ey^piovTo* 
 
 13 tto\v yap evTavda evpcaKeTO ^picr/ia, w e^pcovTO dvT 
 ekaiov, aveiov Kal a^crd/xtvov Kal d/xvySd\tvov e/c tcov 
 TTLKpwv Kal Tepej3lv6ivov. €K Be TCOV ai)TCOV TOVTCOV 
 Kal fivpov evpicTKeTO. 
 
 14 MeTa Tavra iSoKei irdXtv BiacrKr)vr)Teov elvau el<$ 
 Ta9 Kco/Jbas eh crTeyas. ev6a Br) ol GTpaTicoTai o~vv 
 TToXkfi Kpavyfj Kal r)Bovfj jjecrav eirl ra? GTeyas Kal to. 
 eTTiTrjSeia' octoi Be, OTe to irpoTepov dirfjecrav, tc\$ ol- 
 Kias eveTrprjaav, vtto ttj^ alOplas Biktjv eBlBoaav /ea/cco? 
 
 15 (TKrjvovvTes. evTevOev eizep^av vvktos jdrj/xoKpdTTjv 
 TefievLTTjv avhpas B6vt€<; eVl tcl oprj, ev6a ecpaaav ol 
 dirocrKeBavvvpbevoi KaOopdv tcl irvp-d' ovtos yap iSoKet 
 Kal irpoTepov TroKka r]Br) dXrjdevcraL TOiavTa, Ta ovTa 
 
 16 T€ w? ovra Kal tcl fir) ovTa go? ovk ovTa. iropevOels 
 Be tcl [lev Trvpd ovk e^rj IBelv, dvBpa Be avWajSoov 
 rJKev aycov eyovTa to^ov UepatKov Kal fyaperrpav Kal 
 
BOOK IV. CHAP. IV. V. 103 
 
 crdyapiv, oXavirep at ' Afia^ove? eyoveriv. ipcoT&fievos 17 
 Be to 7roSa7ro? ecrj, HepaTjs fiev e<fir) elvai, iropeveaQai 
 jS' airo rod TipifiuCpv. arparevfiaro^, OTrcos i7rcr?]Seca 
 Xd/3oi. ol S' rjpcoTcov avTov to arpdrevixa oiroaov re 
 €lt] teal €7rl rivi avveiXeyfievov. 6 Be elireVy on Tupi- 18 
 /3<z£b? eir] e^cov ttjv re eavrov Bvvayav teal /McrOocpopovs 
 XdXvfias teal Tao^ovs' nrapeerKevderQai Be avrov €<prj 
 &>? eVl rfj v7repj3oXfj rod opovs ev roc? arevol^, fjirep 
 fjuova^fj elr) iropeia, evravOa eTriOrjcrojJLevov rols r 'EX- 
 Xrjo-iv. dteovcracrc rot? erTpaTrjyols ravra eBo^e to 19 
 o-rpdrev/uLa ervvayayelv. teal evOvs cf>vXatca<z KaraXi- 
 Trovres teal arpar^ybv eVt tols [Jievovcri Xofyaiverov 
 %TV/j,(f)d\i,ov ewopevovTO e^ovres rjyefiova tov dXovTa 
 avOpcoirov. eTrecBi] Be v7repe(3aXXov rd opr], ol irekra- 20 
 erred irpoiovTe? zeal fcartBovres to arparoireBov ovtc 
 efieivav tov<$ ottXitcis, dXX' dvatcpayovTes Weov eirl to 
 Q-TpaToireBov. ol Be (Bdpftapoi dteovaavTes tov Qopv- 21 
 fiov ov% uirifieivav, dXX" ecpevyov oficos Be teal dire- 
 Qavbv Ttves twv {3ap{3dpcov ical Iitttol rjXodcrav els eiteocri 
 kcll i) ertcr}vr) r) Tipifid^ov edXco teal ev avrfj teXtvai dp- 
 yvpoTroBes teal e/e7rcofjLaTa teal ol dpTotebiroi teal ol olvo- 
 ^ooi (f>do-feovTes elvai. iireiBi) Be eirvQovTO Tavra ol 22 
 to)v 07t\ltcov erTpaTrjyoi, iBoteei avTols dirievai ttjv Ta- 
 yj,Q-TT}V eiru to o-TpaToireBov, fJbij Tt? eirlOeais yevocTO 
 Tot? teaTaXeXeL/A/jLevocs, teal ev6v<$ dva/eaXecrdpLevoi ttj 
 rdXiriyyi diryeaav, teal dtfib/eovTO avOrjfjbepbv eVt to 
 TTpaToireBov. 
 
 Tfj B veTTepaia iBoteei iropevTeov elvai, oirr) BvvaiVTQ 5 
 rayio'Ta irplv i) ervXXeyP]vat to crrpaTev/ua iretkiv teal 
 seaTaXafBelv Ta arevd. ervo-teevao~dp,evoi 8' evOvs eiro- 
 pevovTo Bid %i6vo<$ TroXXrjs i)y efjuovas e^ovTes iroXXovs ■ 
 teal av07]fj,epbv virepfiaXovTes to dtepov, i<p* £ epeXXev 
 eiriTiQeaQai Tipifta&s, KaTeerTpaTOTreBevaavTO. eWeu- 2 
 6ev eTropevdijaav crTa0/Aov<; eprjfiovs Tpels, irapaadyya^ 
 
104: xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 TrevTe/caiBe/ca, eirl tov Evcppdrrjv nrora/jiov, /cal Bik- 
 fiaivov avTov fip&yo^evoi Trpos tov 6/jucpa\6v. eXeyovTO 
 
 3 Be avrov al irrjyal ov irpoaco elvai. evTevOev eiropev- 
 ovto Bid %iovos TroXkys teal nreBlov CTTaO/iovs Tpeis, 
 irapaadyya^ irevTe/caiBe/ca. o Be rplros iyevero %&Xe- 
 7to? /cal avefios [Boppds ivavrlos eirvei iravrdiracrLV 
 
 4 diroKalcDv Trdvra /cal nrr^yvv^ tovs dvdpco7rov<;. evOa 
 or) tcov juavTeoov T£? elire crcpayidcracrOai tco dvepicp, 
 teal crcpayid^eTai • /cal iraau Br) 7repief)avcos eBo^e Xrj^ai 
 to yakeirbv tov 7rvev/naT0<z. r)v Be t?}? yibvos to j3d6o<s 
 bpyvid' C0CTT6 ical tcov viro^vyicov /cal tcov dvBpairoBcov 
 7ro\\d dircokeTO /cal tcov GTpaTitoTcov co? TpidicovTa. 
 
 5 BieyevovTO Be Tr)v vvkto, irvp /calovTes' £v\a S' rjv ev 
 Tip aTaOpbcp 7roXXd' ol Be Stye irpocriovTes j*v\a ov/c 
 elyov. ol ovv irdXai rj/covTe? /cal irvp /caiovTes ov 
 irpoaleaav Trpbs to irvp roi)? 6^ri^ovTa<;, el fir) fieTa- 
 Boiev avTols irvpovs rj aWo [to] eiTi eypiev fipcoTov. 
 
 6 evOa Brj pieTeBlBoaav d~XXrfkoi<$ cov eiyov e/cacTTOi. ev0a 
 Be to rrvp etcaleTO BiaTrj/copbevr)? tt}? %iovo<; ftoOpoi 
 eyiyvovTO fieydXoi eo~Te irrl to BdireBov ov Brj iraprrv 
 
 7 fieTpeiv to /3ddo$ tt}? ^iwo?. evTevOev Be tt)v eiriov- 
 crav r)fxepav 6\tjv eiropevovTO Bid %iovos, kcli irdXkol 
 tcov dvOpcoircov e/3ov\i{iiacrav. tlevocpcov S' biricrOo- 
 cpvXa/ccov /cal /eaTaXapb(Bdvcov rot*? iriiTTOVTa^ tcov dv- 
 
 8 Opcoircov 7]yvbei, o, ti to irdOos elrj. eireiBr) Be eiire Tt? 
 avTco tcov ifMireipcov, otl craepcos jBovXipiicoai, tcdv ti 
 cpdycocriv, dvacTT/]crovTai, irepucov irepl tcl virotyyia, 
 el irov Ti opeprj fipcoTov, BieBlBov /ecu BieTreixire BlBovtcls 
 toi)? Bwapuevovs irapaTpkyeiv rot? /3ov\l/ullooo-lv. eVetS^ 
 
 9 Be ti ifKpdyoiev, dvicrTavTO /cal eiropevovTo. iropevo- 
 [xevcov Be Xeiplcrocpos fiev dfufil /cvecpas 7rpo? kco/jutjv 
 dcpLKveiTaL, fcal ' vBpofyopovcras etc t?}? kco/u,t}<; 7T/30? ttj 
 Kprjvrj yvvaiKa^ /cal /copas icaTahapufidvei epbirpocrQev 
 
 10 tov ipvjAaTOS. avTai r)pcoTcov aiiTOV<;, TiVe? etev. o B 
 
BOOK IV. CHAP. V. 105 
 
 ip/uLijvevs 6L7T6 irepo-io-TL, on irapa fiao-Ckews iropevov- 
 rac 7Tj0o? tov aarpdirrjv. at he cnreKpivavro, on ovk 
 ivrav0a elrj, aXX' direyeL oaov Trapaadyyrjv. ol h\ 
 eVet dtye rjv, 7rpo? tov KWptdp^rjv crvveLQ-epyovTai eh to 
 epv/jia avv Tah vhpo<fiopoL<;. XeLplo~o(f)o<$ fiev ovv koX 11 
 oaoc ehvvrj0r}aav tov aTpaTevpLaTO? evTav0a ecrTpaTO- 
 nrehevaavTO, twv 8' yXkwv orTpaTLWTwv ol fir) hvvd- 
 fievoi SiaTeXeaac iv tjj ohw ivvKTepevcrav clgltol /ecu 
 dvev Trvpos' koX evTav0d TLves dirwXovTO twv o~Tpa- 
 tlwtwv. e^elirovTO he twv iroXepLLwv crvveLXeypLevoi 12 
 Tives koX tcl fir) hvvdfieva tcov viro^vyiwv rjpira^ov koX 
 dWrjXois ifid^ovTO irepl avTwv. iXeiirovTO he tcai twv 
 (TTpaTiwTwv ol T6 hLe(f)0apfievoL biro r% ^lovos tov<; 
 
 6(f)6a\p,OVS OL T6 illTO TOV tyv^OVS TOU? Sa/cTi>\ov<; TWV 
 
 ttoSwv dTToaecn^iroTe^. rjv he tols fiev 6cf)0a\fioh em- 13 
 K.ovpr)\ia t?}9 yLovo^y el Tt? fieXav tl eywv irpo twv 
 6<p0aXpLwv iropevoiTO, twv he irohwv, el tls klvolto kcll 
 pL7]heiroTe r)o-vyJ.av eypi koX eh ttjv vvktcl vttoXvolto* 
 octol he v7rohehep,evoL etcoLfxwvTO, elcrehvovTO eh tov? 14 
 7r6Sa? ol ipLavTes kcll tcl virohi'ipLCLTa irepieirriyvvvTO • 
 kcll yap rjaav, eVetSr/ eirekiire tcl dpyula vTrohrjpLaTa, 
 Kapj3aTLvaL ireiT0L7][ievaL e'/c twv veohdpTwv /3owv. olcl 15 ^ 
 ra? TOLavTas ovv dvdyKas vireXelirovTO TLves tcoz^ o~Tpa- 
 tlwtwv kcll IhovTes fiekav tl ywpiov hLa to e/cXeXot- 
 irevaL avTO0L tt)V yiova elKa^ov TeTrjKevaL' koX TeTr\Kei 
 hia Kprrvrrv TLvd, r) ifkiqalov rjv aTfii^ovaa iv vdirrj. 
 evTav0' eKTpairofievoL €Ka0r)VTO koX ovk etyaaav iropev- 
 ea0aL. 6 he aevocfiwv eywv birLo-0o<pv\aKa<; &)? fjo-0eTO, 16 
 ehelTO avTwv irdarj Te^yrj koX p^rj-^avy fir) aTroXeLTre- 
 o-0 aL, Xe^o^, otl eirovTaL TroXkol TroXe/AL&i crvveCke- 
 y/xivoL, koX TeXevTwv eynoCkeiraLvev. ol he o-tpaTTeLv 
 eKekevov ov yap av hvvao-0ai r iropev0r)vaL. evTav0a\7 
 eho^e KpaTLaTov elvaL- tov? eirofievovs iroXepLLov? <f>of3rj- 
 o~ai, el Ti9 hvvaLTO, fir) err to Lev tols KapLvovcrL. KaX rrv 
 
 5* 
 
106 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 [lev gtcoto? tfBrj, ol Be 7rpoo-r)eo-av 7roXXS Sopvftq) dfjL<j)) 
 V$ &v el%ov Biacpepo/ievoi,. evOa Br) ol fxev OTTLcrOofyvXaKes 
 are vyiaivovTe^ i^avaardvre^ eBpafiov eh tov<$ TroXe- 
 fjbiovs' ol Be Ka\Lvovre<$ avafcpayovres ocrov r)BvvavTO 
 fieyicTTOV ra? dcnriBas irpbs rd Bopara e/cpovcrav. ol 
 he TToXefiioi heiaavTes rj/cav eavrovs Kara tt}? ^covos 
 eh tt)v vdirrjv, kcli ovBeh ere ovBafiov e<p6ey^aro. 
 •9 zeal tievocfccov fiev kcli ol avv clvt£> elirovTes Toh daOe- 
 vovcrtv, oti rfj varepala rjtjovcrl Tives eV clvtovs, tto- 
 pevofievob irpXv rerrapa ardBca BceXdelv evTvyydvovcriv 
 ev rfj 6Bco dvairavofJbevoL^ eirl tt}? %i6vos rot? arpa- 
 tlcdtcus eyfceKaXv/JL/juevoLS, icai ouBe (J^vXa/cr) ovBe/ila 
 
 20 KaOetarrjicei' /cal dvlaracrav avrovs. ol 6" eXeyov, 
 on ol epbirpocOev ov% viroycopolev. 6 Be irapicov /cat 
 nrapaTrefjarcov tcov ireXTacrroiv tov$ layvpoTUTOV^ i/ce- 
 Xeve (ncetyaaOai, tl ecrj to kcoXvov. ol Be aTrrjyyeXXov, 
 
 21 oti oXov oi/T&j? dvairavoiTO to o~TpaTevfia. evTavOa 
 /ecu ol d/JLCpl &evo(f)a)VTa 7}vXio~6r}o-av avTOV dvev Trvpbs 
 /ecu aBeiirvoi, cpvXa/cds oia? eBvvavTO /caTacrTrjad/xevoi. 
 eirel Be irpbs rjfxepav rjv, 6 fiev &evo(f)a)v Tre/i^as 77-/30? 
 tovs do-QevovvTCis tov<$ veooTaTOVs dvaaTtfcravTas e/ce- 
 
 22 Xevev dvay/cd^eiv irpoievcu. ev Be tovtw Xeiplcrocfros 
 7re/jU7ret twv etc t% Koofjurj^ G-zcetyofievovs, 7ra>? eyoiev ol 
 TeXevTcuob. ol Be dcr/xevoi, IBovTes tov<? puev daOevovv- 
 tcvs tovtols nrapeBoaav /co/xt^ecv eVl to o-TpaToireBov, 
 avTol Be eiropevovTO, kcu irpXv el/cocrL crTaBia BieXrjXv- 
 Qevai r)crav 777309 tj} koo/jLJ), ev0a Xeiplao<po<; TjvXl^eTO. 
 
 23 eirel Be avveyevovTO dXXtfXoi<;, eBo^e KaTa ra? /cco/nas 
 dacjxiXes elvai Ta9 ra^et? ctktjvovv. kcli Xeipicro(fro<; 
 fiev avTOV • efievev, ol Be aXXoc BiaXa%6vTe<; a.9 ecopcov 
 
 2i /coo/Ads eiropevovTO e/caaToi tovs eavTwv e^oz^re?. evOa 
 Br) TLoXvtcpdTrjS 'Adrjvcuos Xo^aybs e/ceXevo-ev dfyievai 
 eavTov kcli Xafiobv rou? evfavovs, S-ecov eVt tt)v Ka>fJb7)v, 
 rjv eiXrj^ei 'Bevocj^cov, KaTaXafi/3dvet irdvTa^ evBov tov% 
 
BOOK IV. CHAP. V. 107 
 
 KcofMyra^ teal tov KcofMap^v, teal 7ra)\ou<? eh Baapibv 
 (BaauXeZ Tpecfrofievovs eirTaKatBeKa, zeal tt)v S-vyarepa 
 tov Kwyidpyov evvdrrjv rj/xepav yeyapLrjpLevrjv o 6° dvrjp 
 
 avTr)<s Xayoos <pX eT0 ^ 7 iP^ L0 ~ CdV Kai °^X V^ * ^ v Ta ^ K( * ) ~ 
 fiat?. al S' oiKiai r)aav fcardyetoi, to fiev crTo/ua 25 
 cocTTrep (frpeciTos, kutco 6" evpeZac al Be elcroBoi toZs 
 p,ev viro&yLOLS bpvKTai, ol Be dvdpcoTrot KaT€/3atvov 
 67rl K\t[iaKo<;. ev Be tols oIkiclis rjcrav alyes, ote? 5 
 /36e?, opvtOes, teal tcl e/cyova tovtcov to, Be KTrjvr) 
 irdvTa %Cku> evBov iTpe<j)0VTO. rjcrav Be ical irvpol /cal26 
 KpiOal ical oairpia teal olvos KplQivos ev KpaTTJpatv. 
 evrjcrav Be teal avTal at icpudal Zcro^etXet?, ical KaXapLOi 
 ive'/ceivTO, ol pcev puei^ovs pi Be eXaTTOV?, yovaTa ovk 
 €^oi/t€9' tovtovs S' eBec, oiroTe Tt? Bi^rwrj, XafiovTa 27 
 et? to GTOfia puv^eiv. ical irdvv dicpaTO? rjv, el /jli] rt? 
 vBwp eVt^eof ical irdvv r)Bv av/ifiadovTC to iro/ia r)v 
 6 Be Eievocpcov tov puev dpypvTa tt\<$ kcojjltis TavTrjs o~6v- 28 
 Benrvov eiroirjo-aTO ical SappeZv avTov e/ce\eve Xeycov, 
 otl ovTe tcov tckvcov <JTepr}o-oiTO ttjv Te oltciav avTov 
 dvTepnr\i]cravTes tcov eiriTrjBetwv diriacriv, rjv dya66v 
 tl tco aTpaTevfiaTi e^rjyTjcrdpLevos (pacvrjTac, ear' dv ev 
 dXkto eQvei yevcovTac. 6 Be TavTa viricryyeZTo, ical 29 
 (f)iAo(J)povovjbL€vos olvov ecf)pao~ev ev6a rjv icaTopcopv- 
 y/jbevos. TavTrjv fiev ovv tt)v vvKTa BiacrKr]vr\aavTes 
 ovtcos eicoLpbijdrjaav ev irdcrcv d(p06voi<; irdvTes ol GTpa- 
 TicoTac, ev (fivXaicf} e-fcovTes tov Kcopbapxr/v ical Ta Teicva 
 avTov ofiov ev btf)6a~kpLoZ$. Trj B ' eiriovcrr) r)puepa ttevo- 30 
 (pcov \aj3(bv tov Kcofidpxv v irpos Xeipicro(pov eiropeveTo • 
 ottov Be irapioi Kcopurjv, eTpeireTO irrpbs tovs ev Tals 
 Kco/xaL? ical KaTeX-dpu^ave iravTaypv evwxpvfJLevovs ical 
 evdu/jiov^evous, ical ovBapboOev d<piecrav irplv irapaQelvai 
 avTols dptcTTOv ovk rjv S' ottov ov TrapeTiQeaav 67rl3l 
 Trjv avTrjv Tpdire^av Kpia dpveia, epifyeia, j(olpeia, 
 lioaXeLa, opvldeca, crvv ttoXKoZs dpTOi<s 3 toZ<s /xev irvpi- 
 
108 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 32 vois tol<z Be tcpiQivoi^. birbre Be ri<$ cpiXocppovov/jLevos 
 rco /3ovXoiro irpomelv, eiXtcev eirl rbv tcparrjpa, evQev 
 eirncvtyavra eBei po<povvra irlveiv coairep fiovv. teal 
 rco Kcopudpyrj eBcBocrav Xajm^dvecv o, ri [3ovXoiro. 6 Be 
 dXXo puev ovBev iBe^ero, ottov Be riva rcov crvyyevcov 
 
 33 cBoi, 7rpbs eavrbv del eXdp,/3avev. eVel S' rfxOov 737309 
 Xeipio~o<pov, fcareXafi/3avov tedtceivov^ crtcTjvovvras icrre- 
 c\>avco\xevov% rod %r}pod %iXod crrecpdvois, teal Biatco- 
 vovvras 'Apfievtovs iralBas crvv rai? jSapfSapitcals crro- 
 Aat?* rot? Be iraialv iBeitcvvcrav coairep eveois, 6, rl 
 
 34 Beoi iroielv. eirel S' dXXrjXovs ecbiXoc^povrjaavro Xei- 
 picrocpos tcau i^evocpebv, tcoivfj Btj dvrjpcorcov rbv tcco/idp- 
 yrp) Bid rod irepcrL^ovros eppLTjvecos, Ti? eirj fj y&pa. 
 
 B eXeyev, on Ap/ievla. teal rrdXiv r)pcorcov, rlvi ol 
 liriroi rpecpoivro. 6 B' eXeyev, on /3acriXeL Bacr/xo^' 
 ttjv Be TrXrjaiov ^copav ecprj elvai XdXvfia?, teal rrjv 
 
 35 bBbv ec\>pat,ev y elrj. teal avrbv rore puev co^ero dycov 
 tEevocfrcov irpbs rovs eavrod olfceras, teal Xirirov bv el- 
 Xrjcf>ei iraXalrepov BlBcoctl rco teco [idp^r) dvaOpe-^ravn 
 
 r;*-a-^ tearadvaai, on rjteovaev avrbv lepbv elvai rod *HXlov, 
 BeBicbs fi7] diroOdvr) ■ eteetedtecoro <ydp virb rr/s iropeta^ • 
 avros Be rcov ircoXcov Xa/ji/3dvei, teal rcov aXXcov arpa- 
 
 36 rr\ycov teal Xoj(aycov eBcoteev e/cdarco rrcoXov. rjaav B 
 
 01 ravrr) Xititoi [xeioves puev rcov Ueptritecov, QvjxoeiBe- 
 crrepoi Be irdXv. ivravOa Brj teal BiBdcr/eei o tecofidp^s 
 irepl robs rroBas rcov lttttcov teal rcov viro^vylcov crateia 
 rrepieCXeiv, orav Bid rr)<; yj,ovo<$ dycoaiv dvev yap rcov 
 aatcicov tcareBvovro p*e%pi r?}9 yacrrpos. 
 
 G ^Eirel S' rj/iepa rjv oyBor), rbv jnev r}yep,6va irapaBi- 
 
 Bcoai Xeipicrocfrcp, rovs S' oltceras tcaraXeiirei rco tcco- 
 fidp^rj, rrXrjV rov viov rod dpn r)j3daKOvro<;' rovrov B* 
 ''ETTicrOevei ' ] Afic^iiroXirr] nrapaBiBcoai cpvXdrreiv, oircos, 
 el tcaXco<; rjyi^aairo, eywv teal rovrov drrioi. tcai ei<$ rr\v 
 olfclav avrov elcrecpopijaav a>9 eBvvavro wXeicrra, tcaV 
 
 
BOOK IV. CHAP. VI. 109 
 
 ava%ev%avre<; eiropevovTO. rjyetTO B' avrols 6 Kcoftdp- 2 
 ^779 XeXv/nevos Bid %i6vo<$' fcal rjBr) re r\v ev tu> Tpirco 
 <ttcl0/jl&, koI XeLpiaofyos clvtg) eyaKeiravQii], ore ov/c els 
 KcojJLas 'fjyev. 6 B' eXeyev, otl vv/c elev ev tw tottc? 
 tovtco. 6 Be X-eipiaofyos clvtov eiratae jxev, eBrjcre S' 3 
 ov. e/c Be tovtov ifcelvos T?j? vvktos diroBpas <*>X ero 
 KaraXtTTcov tov vlov. tovto ye Brj Xeipcaocfxp tcai 
 aevocpcovTC fiovov Bid(f)Opov ev rfj iropeia iyevero, rj 
 tov rjyefiovos /cdfccocris fcal d^eXeia. *Eiricr6evr}<$ he 
 rjpdcrOrj re tov 7r<xt8o? kol oi/caBe KOjiicras itlgtototo^ 
 i%pr}TO. fierd tovto eTropevffrjcrav eirTa aTa6{AOV$ dvd 4 
 nrevTe irapaadyya^ t% rj/mepas irapd tov <f>aacv iro- 
 Ta/JLOV, evpos irXeOpialov. evTevOev eiropevOrfaav CTa- 5 
 6i*ov<; Bvo, Trapacrdyyas Se/ca* eVl Be ttj eh to ireBiov 
 virepfioXf] dirrjVT7]aav clvtols XdXvfies kcli Tabyoi 
 feed QaaiavoL Xecpicrocpos 8' eirel . KdTelBe T01/9 iroXe- 6 
 fiiov? eirl tjj virepfioXfj, eiravaaTO iropevo/jLevos, dire- 
 %cqv els TpidicovTa crTaBlov?, Xva fjur) kclto, /cepas dycov 
 7rXr}cn,dcrr) rot? iroXejjbLois' 7rapi]yyeiXe Be kcli Tot? 
 aXXois Tvapdyeiv tov<$ Xoyovs, oVo)? eirl cfrdXayyos 
 yevoiTO to aTpaTevjia. eirel Be rfkOov 01 o7ricr6o<pv- 7 
 Xcuces, avve/cdXeae tov<z aTpaTTjyovs kol Xo^ayovs kol 
 eXe^ev a)8e. 01 fiev iroXepaoi, &>? opctTe, /caTe^ovcrt, 
 Tas v7rep{3oXa<; tov opovs' copa Be {3ovXeveada(,, oVo)? 
 &>? KaXXtcTTa dycovcov/JLeda. ifiol puev ovv Bo/cel ira- 8 
 payyeTXav fiev dpiGTOiroielo-Qai tols crTpaTicoTcus, 97/za? 
 Be (3ovXeveo-6cLL, etre Trjpbepov efce avpiov Bo/cei virep- 
 BdXXeiv to 6po<$. 'EjjloI Be ye, e(f)7) 6 KXedvcop, Bo/cel, 9 
 eirav Td-yiGTa dpiaTrjcrcofjLev, e^oirXiaaiJbevov^ a>s Tayi- 
 q-tcl levai eirl tov<$ avBpas. el yap BiaTptyofxev tt)V 
 Tijjmepov rj/jbipav, 0% Te vvv ^/xa? opcoz/re? iroXepbiov 
 QappaXeooTepoL eaovTai /cal aXXovs el/cbs tovtcov Qap- 
 povvTcov 7rA,e/ou9 irpoayeveaOat,. fxeTa tovtov aevo- 10 
 (f>cx)V elirevy 'jE<yco 8' ovtco ycyvcocr/cco. el fiev dvdyfcrj 
 
110 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 icrrl fxdyecrQai, tovto hel TrapaatcevaaacrOai, 07Tg>? cos 
 KparLcrra fiayovfLeQa' el he fiovXbfieda &>? pacrra 
 VTrep(3dXXeiv, tovto fioi ho/ceo cr/ceiTTeov elvai, 07rco? 
 ekayiGTa fiev TpavfiaTO, Xaftcofiev, co? eXa^caTa Be 
 11 o~ do ficLT a dvhpcbv aTro(3cika)fJLev. to fiev ovv 6po<$ ecTTl 
 to opco/mevov irXeov r) ecf) y e^rjKOVTa cTTahia, avhpes 8' 
 ovhafiov (pvkaTTOVTes r) fias <pavepo[ elcrov a\X r) /car 
 
 a\)T7]V T7]V ohbv 7ToXlf OVV /CpeLTTOV TOV ipijflOV OpOV? 
 
 /cal /cXe^rai ti ireipacrQai XaObvTas /cal dpirdcrai (£>0d- 
 cravTas, el hvvalfieda, fiaXXov r) Trpo? Icr^vpa ^copia 
 
 ': 2 /cal avhpas irapeo /cevacrfievovs fid^eaOac. 7roXv jap 
 paov opOiov dfiayei levai r) bfiaXes evOev /cal evOev 
 7ro\efMLcop ovtcov, /cal vv/CTCop dfiayel fidXXov av to, irpb 
 wohcbv opojr) tis i) fjieO* rj/xepav fiaybfievo^, /cal r) Tpa- 
 yela tols nrocrlv dfiayel lovcnv evfievecrTepa r) r) bfiaXr) 
 
 13Ta? /cecpaXds fiaXXofievots. /cal /cXetyai, ov/c dhvvaTOV 
 fioi, ho/cel elvai ej*bv fiev vv/ctos levai, go? fir) bpaaOai, 
 e^bv he direXOelv toctovtov co? fir) aicrdrjcriv irape^eiv, 
 ho/covfiev S' av fioi TavTy irpoairoiovfievoi irpocrfidX- 
 Xeiv eprjfjLOTepcp av tco ciXXq) opei %pr}cr0ai' fievoiev 
 
 14 yap avTov fidXXov dQpboi ol iroXefiioi. aTap ti eya> 
 irepl fcXoTTrjs crvfij3dXXofiai ; vfias yap eycoye, to Xei- 
 ptcro<f)e, d/covco tovs Aa/cehaifioviovs, ocroi ecrre tcov 
 Ofioiccv, ev6v$ etc iralhosv icXeirTeiv fieXeTav, kol ov/c 
 alo")spbv elvai dXXd /caXbv /cXeiTTeiv ocra fir) /ccoXvei 
 
 15 vbjjbos. ottco? he co? /cpaTicrTa /cXeirTrjTe teal ireipaaOe 
 Xav0dveiv, vbfiifiov dpa vfiiv Icttiv, edv XrjfydrjTe teke- 
 7TT0VTe$, [iao-Tiyova6aL. vvv ovv pbdXa croi icaipos eaTiv 
 eTTihei^aaOai ttjv Trauheiav, ical <fivXd%ao-6ac fievTOt, fir) 
 XrjcpOcofjLev fcXenTOVTes tov opovs, cos fir) 7roXXa$ ttXt]- 
 
 167a? Xd/3cofjiev. 'AXXa fievTOC, e<j>rj 6 XetptVo^o?, Kayo) 
 vfias tovs 'AOrjvalovs d/covco heivovs elvai /cXeirTew 
 tcl hrifibaia /cal fidXa ovtos hecvov tov klvSvvov tg5 
 KXeiTTOVTi, /cal tovs /cpaTicrTovs puevTOi [idXiGTa, elirep 
 
BOOK IV. CHAP. VI. Ill 
 
 vp.iv ol Kpartcrroc dpyeiv d^iovvrac ware topa teal crol 
 eiriBeiKvvcrOai, tyjv iraiBelav. 'Eyco [lev tolwv, ecprj 17 
 o aevocptov, eroLfJio^ elpLC tovs oiucrOofyvkaKas eywv, 
 enreiBdv BeiTrvrjo-cofiev, ikvai KaTaXTj-^rofievos to opos. 
 e^o) Be teal rjyefjiovas • ol yap yv/jLV7]Te<; tcov ecpeirofievcov 
 rjjjLLv kKcottcov e\a(36v Tivas eveBpevaavTe^' Kal tovtcov 
 irwddvofxai, on ovtc afiarov eari to opos, dWd vepue- 
 tcll al^l Kal (Bovctlv ware, idvirep dira^ \d(3cofjLev tl 
 tov opovs, [Bard Kal rots vTroQjyioLS ecrTai. ekiri^co Be 18 
 ovBe rovs 7ro\ep,iov<; fievelv en, eireuBdv iBcocnv rjfias 
 ev tco ofxoUp 67rl tcov aKpcov ovBe yap vvv eOekovcrt 
 Kcuraftaiveiv rjfxlv et? to lctov. 6 Be Xecpiaocpos elwe, 19 
 Kal tl Bel ere levai Kal \uirelv ttjv biTio-Qo^vkaiciav ; 
 dWd dWovs irepb-^rov, dv pii] Tives eOeXovaioi cpaivcov- 
 tcli. etc tovtov > Api,o-Tcbvvp,o<z MedvBptevs epyeTai oifkl- 20 
 ra? eyav Kal 'Apco-Tea? Xto? yvfivrjTas Kal NiK6p,a%os 
 OiTalos ryvfivrjTas • Kal crvvOrjpLa eiroirjcravTo, oiroTe 
 eyoiev Ta aKpa, irvpa Kaieiv iroXkd. TavTa trvvOe- 21 
 fjuevoi rjplcrTcov" Ik Be tov dpiaTOV Trporjyayev 6 Xec- 
 pio-o(j)os to GTpaTev\xa rrav go? BeKa o~TaBlov<; irpos 
 tovs TToXefiLOvs, oVa)? &)9 pudXicTTa Bokolt) TavTr) irpoa- 
 d^eiv. 
 
 ^EireiBr] Be eBelirvrjcrav Kal vv<~ eyeveTO, ol f^ev22 
 Ta^OevTe^ coyovTO, Kal KaTa\apL/3dvovcri, to opo<$, ol Be 
 dXkoi avTov dveiravovTO. ol Be iroXepuoi eirel rjcrdovTO 
 eypiievov to opos, eyprjyopecrav Kal eKaiov irvpd iro'KKd 
 Bed vvktos. €7recBr) Be rj/uuepa eyeveTO, Xetpicrocpos yu.ez/23 
 &vo-djj,evo<$ r/ye Kara ttjv 6B6v, ol Be to 6po$ KaTdXa- 
 /3cWe? Kara Ta aKpa eirrjeaav. tcov B* av iroXefJbiwv 24 
 to fiev 7ro\v e/xevev eirl tjj VTrepj3o\fj tov opovs, fiepos 
 B avTcov dirrjVTa toZ$ Kara Ta aKpa. irplv Be opuov 
 elvai tov<$ iroXkovs dXkrjXois avpLfiLyvvacrLv ol Kara 
 Ta aKpa, Kal vikcoctiv ol "EXXnjves Kal Bmdkovctiv. eV25 
 tovtg) Be Kal ol Ik tov ireBiov ol fiev TreXTacrral tcov 
 
112 XENOPHONS ■ ANABASIS. 
 
 *EX~Xrjvcov $p6fi<p eOeov 7rpo? tou9 Trapareray/jLevovs, 
 Xeipiaotyo? Be fidBrjv Tayy e^eiirero crvv Toh oirXiTais. 
 
 2b ot oe iroXejJLiot 01 em Ty 00a) eiretor) to avco ecopcov r)T- 
 rco/juevov, fyevyovcn' /cal direQavov fxev ov iroXXol av* 
 to)v, yeppa Be irapnroKXa eXr]§Qr) • a ol r/ EX\r)ve<; Tah 
 
 27 pLayaipais /coTTTovTes d^pela eirolovv. &)? o" dvefir}- 
 aav, SvcravTes /cal Tpbiraiov cTrjo-dpLevoi, /carefirjcrav eh 
 to ireBiov, /cal eh /capias tto'XXwv /cal dyaOcov yepuovaa^ 
 r)X6ov. 
 
 7 'Ek Be tovtcov eiropevOrjcrav eh Ta6%ov<; araOfiov^ 
 
 irevre, irapacrdyyas Tpcd/covTa' /cal tcu eiriTrfieia eire- 
 Xiire' ywpia yap d)/covv Icr^vpd ol Tabyoi, ev oh ical 
 
 2 tcu ejriTrjBeia irdvra el^ov dva/ce/cofiLo-pLevoi. eirel B* 
 dcpifcovTO 7T/30? ^coplov, b ttoXcv ptev ov/c el^ev ovB' ol- 
 Kias, avveXrjXvOoTes 6" rjcrav avroae ical avBpes /cal 
 yvval/ce? /cal /CTrjvrj TroXXa, Xeiplcrocfios /nev 7rpo? tovto 
 irpocrefiaXXev ei)6v<; rj/ccov eTreiBr) Be r) TrpooTrj rd%i<$ 
 direKajjivev, aXXrj irpoarjei ical avdis aXXrj' ov yap rjv 
 
 3 d6pooi<$ TrepLcrTTjvaL, dXXa 7roTa//,o? rjv kv/cXco. eireiBrj 
 Be ttevocpcov rfxOe avv roh biriaOo^vXa^L /cal TreXra- 
 crrah ical OTrXlrais, evrau6a Br) Xeyei Xeiplaocpos, Eh 
 icaXbv rjfcere' to yap ywpiov alpereov rfj yap arparca 
 ov/c ecrrt rd eiriTrjBeia, el fir) Xrj^ropLeOa to ^coplov. 
 
 4 ivravOa Br) /coivfj e/3ovXevovTO • ical rod 'EevocfrcbvTOS 
 epcoToovTos, tl to kcoXvov ecrj elo~e\0eiv, elirev 6 Xeipl- 
 o~o(f)0<;, ['A\a] [ita avTrj nrdpoBos ecrTiv r)v bpa$' oTav 
 Be Tt? TavTjj iretpaTat irapievai, icvXlvBovgl \160vs 
 virep TavT7]<; Tr)<$ virepeypvGiqs ireTpas' o? S' av /caTa- 
 XrjepOf], ovtco BiaTiOeTaL. dfia S' eBec^e avvTeTptjjL- 
 
 5 fjbevovs dvOpoyrrovs /cal cr/ceXr) /cal irXevpds. *Hv Be 
 toi)? ~Xl9dv$ dva\o)crcocnv, e<f)7) 6 aevocfiwv, aXXo to rj 
 ovSev KOiXvei irapievai ; ov yap Bt] i/c tov ivavTiov 
 opoijiev el /jbr} oXiyovs tovtov? dv6pa)7rovs, /cal tovtcov 
 
 6 Bvo r) Tpeh d)7rXio-fJ,evov<;. to Be ywpiov, co? /cal crv 
 
BOOK IV. CIIAP. VII. 113 
 
 opas, cr^eBbv rpla tj/jl [irXeO ] pd icrrtv o BeZ fiaXXofievovs 
 BieXOeZv. tovtov Be ocrov TrXeOpov Baai) irvrvai Bia- 
 Xei7rovcrac<; fieydXais, dv6* £>v eaT7)K6T€<i avBpes rl dv 
 irda-yoiev rj virb twv (pepo/xevcov Xidcov rj V7rb twv 
 KvXtvBovfxevwv ; to Xolttov ovv r)Brj yiyverai ft)? r)fil- 
 irXeOpov, b BeZ, brav Xw^rjawacv ol Xi6ol, irapaBpapbelv. 
 'AXXd ev0v<>, e(f)7] 6 XeLpi(TO(f)o<;, eireiBdv dp^wpueOa et? 7 
 to Bacrv irpoo-ievai, <f)ipovTac ol XlOol 7ToXXol. Avto 
 dv, eSrj, to Beov ecrj* Qclttov jap dvaXwcrovai tov$ 
 XlOovs. dXXa iropevwfJLeOa evOev tj/jllv pmcpov tl irapa- 
 Bpa/xeZv eo-Tcu, rjv BvvwfJbeOa, /cai direXdeZv paBuov, r\v 
 /3ovXwp,e6a. 
 
 'EvTevOev eiropevovTO Xeipicro(f)o<; /cat aevocpwv real 8 
 KaWfjjLa-^o^ Happdaios Xo^ayos' tovtov yap r) r)ye- 
 liovia r)v twv bino~6o$>vXdK(ov Xo^aywv e/cetvrj ttj r)p,e- 
 pci' ol Be aXXoo Xo^ayol e/ievov ev tw da(paXeZ. [leTa 
 tovto ovv aTrrjXOov vtto To, BevBpa dvQpwiroi ft)? efiBo- 
 firj/covTa, ovk dOpooi, dXXa /caO' eva, €fcao~TO<; (fivXaT- 
 TOfievos co? iBvvaTO. 'Ayaaias Be 6 ^TV/jufidXcos Ka\ 9 
 'Apio-Tcovvfios MeOvBpievs, koX ovtoi twv birio-Qofyv- 
 Xdfccov Xo^ayol 6We?, icaX aXXoL Be, icfreaTacrav e^co 
 twv BevBpwv ■ ov yap rjv dcr<fiaXe<z ev toZs BevBpot,? ecrTa- 
 vai irXeZov rj tov eva Xo%ov. ev6a By KaXXL/ia^o^ 10 
 firj^avaTal tl % irpoeTpeyev dirb tov BevBpov, vcp 1 & rjv 
 auTO?, Bvo /ecu Tpia firjfiaTa' enrel Be ol XlOot, cfiepoLVTO, 
 dveyaCpTO evireTw^' e<fi e/cdo-Tr)? Be TrpoBpofir)^ irXeov 
 rj Be/ca dpua^ai ireTpwv dvrfkiaKOVTO. 6 Be 'Ayacrla^ 11 
 &)? opa tov KaXXlfMa^ov a eirolei, koX to crTpaTevfia 
 irav Secb/nevov, Betaa^, /jltj ov nrpwTO<$ TrapaBpdpoi et? 
 to ywplov, ovTe tov 'ApicrTcovvjjLov irXrjalov ovTa irapa- 
 KaXecras ovTe EvpvXo^ov tov Aovaiea eTaipovs ovTa<$ 
 ovTe dXXov ovBeva %wpeZ avTos, /cal irapepyeTai irdv- 
 Ta$. o Be KaXXl/ia^o<; ft)? ecopa avTov irapibvTa, eiri- 12 
 XafifidveTat avTov t?}? IVfo? • ev Be tovtco ivapeQei 
 
114: xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 clvtovs 'ApiaTcovv/jLos MeOvSpievs, icai fiera tovtov 
 EvpvXo^o^ Aovcnevs* wdvTe? yap ovtol dvTeiroiovvTO 
 aperr)$ Kal Sir\yooviXovTo irpbs dXXjjXovs' zeal ovtgos 
 ipi^ovres alpovai to yjsplov. co? yap dira^ elcreSpa- 
 
 13 fiov, ovSeh 7rerpo9 dvcoOev rjve^Or]. evravOa S?j heivbv 
 rjv S-ia/xa, al yap yvval/ces parrovaab ra iraihia elra 
 fcal eavras eiriKaTeppiirTovv, teal ol avSpes u>aavTG)<$. 
 evOa hrj Kal Alveias XTVjJbtyakio? Xo^ayb^ IScov two, 
 3-iovra &>9 pfyovra eavTov o~ToXr)v eypvra KaXrjv eiri- 
 
 liXa/xfidveTac &>9 KcoXvcrcov. 6 8e avrbv eTUGTraTai, teal 
 afJL^OTepoi wyovTO Kara tcov irerp&v (pepo/juevoc Kal 
 diredavov. ivrevOev av6pa>iroi [lev irdvv okiyoi iXq- 
 §Qi)<jav, /36e9 Se tcai ovoi ttoKXoI Kal irpofiara. 
 
 15 'EvTevdev iTropevOrjcrav Sea XaXvficov <TTa9/jLov$ 
 kirrd, irapacrayyas irevTrjKOVTa. ovtoi rjcrav cov SirjX- 
 6ov akKi[i(i}TO.TOL, Kal eh yeipas fjecrav. €t%ov Se 
 Qcopa/cas Xlvovs f^i^pc t0 ^ V t P 0V > dvTi Be tcov Trrepv- 
 
 16 ycov enrdpra iTVKvd eo-Tpafi/jLeva. el)(ov Be Kal kvtj/al- 
 Sas /cal fcpdvrj Kal irapa ttjv ^covrjv pLa^aLpiov bcrov 
 ^vrfXrjv AaKcovLK^v, & eacparrov cov Kparelv hvvaivro, 
 Kal aTrore/bLvovTes dv tcls Ke(f>aXa<; e%ovTes eiropevovTO, 
 Kal fjSov Kal eyopevov, oirore ol TroXepuoL avTovs o^jre- 
 a6ao epbeXXov. el^ov Se Kal Sopv a>9 irevTeKalBeKa 
 
 17 tttj^wv pblav Xoyxyv eyov. ovtoi eve/juevov ev Toh iro- 
 XLo-fiaaLV eirel Be irapeXQoiev ol "EXXrjves, eXirovTO 
 del [JLa^pfjievoL. cokovv he ev Toh byypoh, Kal rd eiri- 
 T7]8eca ev tovtois dvaKeKO/juo-fievoi, rjaav coare fM7]Sev 
 Xafifidveiv avToOev tov$ "EXXrjvas, dXXd SueTpd(prjaav 
 
 18 Toh KTTjveo-iv, a eK tcov Tao^cov eXafiov. eK tovtov 
 ol "EXXrjves dcpiKOVTO eirl tov f/ Apiraaov iroTapbov, ev- 
 pos TeTTapcov irXeOpcov. evTevQev eiropevdrjo-av Bca 
 XkvOlvwv o-Ta6[jLov<; TeTTapas, Trapaadyyas eUoat, Sod 
 irehiov eh Koofia^' ev ah efiecvav rjfiepas Tpeh Kal 
 
 19 eireaiTiaavTO. evTevdev Se rjXOov GTaQ\iov^ TeTTapa^ 
 
BOOK IV. CHAP. VII. 115 
 
 irapaadyya<; etKocn, irphs ttoXlv fjLeydXrjv ical evSal- 
 fjiova /cal ol/cov{ievr)v, r) itcaXelro Tv/ivia^. i/c Ta.i/T/79 
 6 rrjs ^a)pa<; cipxcov rot? e/ EX\r]<jiv r)yepb6va ire\xirei, 
 oVa)? Bid t?)? eavr&v 7roA,e/z/a9 %&>p<x? dyoi avrovs. 20 
 eXOcov S' etcelvos Xeyei, on a%ei avrovs irevre rj/juepoyv 
 eh %copiov, oOev o^ovrau QdXaTrav el Be fir], re6vd- 
 vai i7T7]jje\XeT0. /cal r)yov]ievo^ e7reiSr} eve(3aXev eh 
 tt)v eavroh iroXep^iav, irapeKeXevero aXQeiv /cal <pdel- 
 peiv ttjv %(opav co /cal BrjXov eyevero, on tovtov eve/ca 
 eXOoi, ov t?}9 tcoz/ 'EXXtfvcov evvoias. /cal d<f>LKVovvrac2] 
 eirl to gpo<z rfj irefiTrrrj rjfiepa' ovo/na Be tw opei r)v 
 Qr)yr]<$. eireiBi] he ol Trpcoroo eyevovro eirl rod 6pov<z 
 /cal tcareiSov tt\v QaXarrav, /cpavyrj ttoXXtj eyevero. 
 d/covcras Be 6 ftevocpcov ical ol o7ricr0o<f>vXa/ce<; cprj0r]crav 22 
 efi7rpoo~6ev dXXovs eiriTiOeaOai TroXefiiovs • elirovTo yap 
 /cal oTriardev ol etc rr)s /cato/ievr)? %6opa<;, /cal avr&v ol 
 OTTLO-docpvXafces dire/CTeivdv re nvas teal e^ooyprjerav 
 iveSpav Trotrjcrd/JLevoi, /cal yeppa eXafiov Baaetcov fiooov 
 oojAofioeia dfupl rd ecKoenv. eireiBr] Be (17) j3or) irXeiwv 23 
 re iyiyvero /cal iyyvrepov /cal ol del irnovre^ eOeov 
 Bp6fji(p eirl roi)<$ del fiowvras /cal ttoXXm fieiCpv iyiyvero 
 r\ fior) ocrcj) Br) rrXeiovs eyiyvovro, eSo/cet Sr) pbel^ov n 
 elvau Tw p,evocj)a)vn • /cal dvafids eft Xitttov /cal Avklov 24 
 ical tou9 lirireas dvaXa/3<hv 7rapej3orj6ec /cal rd^a Sr) 
 d/covoven fiocbvrcov rcov arpancorcov, ©dXarra, SdXar- 
 ra, /cal rrapeyyucovrcov. evOa Brj edeov diravre^ /cal ol 
 biricrOofyvXaices, /cal rd viro^vyca rjXavvero /cal ol Xir- 
 •7TOL. eVel Be dcpl/covro irdvres eirl to ci/cpov, ivravOa 25 
 Br) TrepiejBaXXov dXXrfXov^ ical crrparTjyovs ical Xoya- 
 701)9 Ba/cpvovres. /cal i^airivqs orov Br) irapeyyvr]crav- 
 T09 ol crrpanwrai <pepovcro Xldov? ical iroiovai koXcdvov 
 fieyav. ivravOa dverldeaav Sep/judrcov 7rXr]6o<; a>yu-o-26 
 (Boetcov ical fia/CTrjplas ical rd alyjxdXuiTa yeppa, ical 6 
 r]yejjLoov avros re Karerefive rd yeppa ical tols dXXoi? 
 
116 XENOPHON'S ANABASIS. 
 
 27 BiefceXevero. fiera ravra rbv rjyepiova 01 r, EXXr]ve$ 
 airoirefjorovai Bcopa B6vre<; drrb icoivov Ittttov kcll <fiid- 
 \t]v dpyvpdvical cncevr]v TlepcrLfcrjv /cal hapeacovs he/ca. 
 f/rei 8e fidXtcrra rovs hatcrvkiovs, ical eXa/3e iroXXovs 
 rrapa rcov arpancorcbv. kco/jLtjv 8e Sei^as avrols, ov 
 atcrjvrjcrova-i, /cal rrjv 6S6v, r)v rropevaovrai eh Md/cpco- 
 vas, errel eairepa iyivero, <$X €T0 T? 7 ? vv/crbs drncov. 
 
 8 ^EvrevOev 8' eiropevQr\o-av ol "EXXrjves 81a Ma- 
 
 fcpcovcov crraOfiovs rpeh, rrapacrdyyas Be/ca. rfj irpcbry 
 Se r)jjbepa dfyitcovro irrl rbv irorafiov, 0? wpi^e rrjv re 
 
 2 TWV MdiCpcOVCDV KOV TTjV T&V XkvOiVOIV. elyOV .8' V7T€p 
 
 8e%LO)v ywpiov olov ycCKeiT(£>rarov /cal e£ dpicrrepa^ 
 aXXov irorapbov, eh ov evefiaXXev 6 opi^cov, &' ov eSet 
 Sta/3r)vac. rjv 8e ovros Saabs SivSpeac rrayecn fxev ov, 
 rrvKvoh Be. ravra eirel 7rpoo~r)X6ov ol r/ EXXr)ves e/co- 
 rrrov, airevhovres etc rov ^coplov <&? rdyiara e^eXOelv, 
 
 3 ol Be Md/cpcoves e^ovres yeppa teal Xoy^as ical Tpiyl- 
 vovs yirwvas /caravnrrepas rr)s 8(,aj3do-eo)s irapare- 
 rayjJLevoi rjcrav /cal dXXrjXocs Bie/ceXevovro ical XlOovs 
 eh rbv irorafibv eppiTrrovv i^i/cvovvro Be ov ovB' 
 e/SXarrrov ovBiv. 
 
 4 "Evda Br) rrpocrkpyerai rep 'Bevocpoyvn rcov nreXra- 
 gtcdv Tt? dvr)p "AOrjvrjcn (pda/ccov BeBovXev/cevai, Xeycov, 
 on ytyvd>cr/cot, rrjv <pcovr]v rcov dvOpobircov. /cal olfiai, 
 e<f)r}, ifirjv ravrrjv rrarpiha elvav /cal el fi?] ri KooXvev, 
 
 5 iOeXco avroh BiaXe^Orjvai. *AX}C ovBev /ccoXvei, €(fyr), 
 dXXd SuaXeyov ical [xd6e irpoyrov, rives elcriv. ol cT 
 elirov epcorijcravros on Mdtcpcoves. 'Epcora rolvvv, 
 ecpT], avrovs, ri dvrirerdyarai ical yjprjtpvaiv rjfilv 
 
 TToXejJLLOL elvai. ol S' aTre/cpivavro, rr On ical vfieis eirl 
 T7)V rj/ierepav ycopav epyecrQe. Xeyeiv e/ceXevov ol 
 arparTjyol, on ov icatc&s ye i70ir\aovres, dXXa, /3aatXe2 
 7roXe/JL7]cravTes dnvepyofJueQa et? rrjv 'EXXdSa, /cal ewl 
 
 7 QdXarrav fiovXojJieOa d^i/ceaQai. rjpcbrcov e/celvoi, el 
 
BOOK IV. CHAP. VIII. 117 
 
 Bolev av tovtcov ra iricrrd. ol S' ecpacrav real Bovvat 
 Kal Xafieiv eOeXeiv. evrevOev BtBoaacv ol Md/cpcove? 
 /3ap/3apo/C7]v \6y)(r]v toZs " EXXtjctcv, ol Be "EXXqves 
 itceLvois 'EXkTjvtKrjv ravra yap ecpacrav tuo-tcl elvac 
 Seovs Be eTrefJiapTvpavTO d/xcpoTepot. 
 
 Mera Be rd iriard evOvs ol Md/cpcoves rd BevBpa 8 
 avve^eKOTTTOv rrjv re 6Bbv coBottolovv, co? 8taf3i/3dcrov- 
 T€?, ev yu-ecrot? dvap.eyjiyixe.voi tols "EXXtjctl, kol dyopdv 
 oXav eBvvavTO irapelyov, Kal iraprjyayov ev rpiaiv rj/xe- 
 pai$, eo)9 C7rl rd KoX^cov opta /carecrTTjcrav tovs "EX- 
 Xtjvcls. ivravOa rjv opos jxeya, irpoo-fiarbv Be.' Kal eirl 9 
 rovrov ol KoX^oi iraparerayiievoL rjcrav. Kal to fxev 
 irpoiTov ol "EXXrjves dvriTraperd^avro fcard cpdXayya, 
 &)? outgj? d^ovres 7rpo? to opo<;' eireira Be eBo^e rofc 
 o-TparrjyoLS (3ovXevcrao-6ai avXXeyelcriv, ottcd? go? koX- 
 XtcrTa dycoviovvTai. eXe^ev ovv 'Eevocpcov, ort BoKel 10 
 7ravaavTa<; tt)V cpdXayya Xo^ovs 6p6lov<; Troirjcrac r) 
 fiev yap cpdXay£ Biaairao-OrjcreTaL ev0vs' rrj jxev yap 
 avoBov ttj Be evoBov evpijcro/xev to opo<;' Kal evOvs tovto 
 dOv/xlav irooTJcrei, bWav TeTay/xevoi et? cpdXayya TavT7]v 
 Bcea7racr/xev7]V bpeoenv. eireiTa, i)v /xev eirl ttoXXovsII 
 TeTayfjuevob irpoo-dyco/xev, irepiTTevcrovcnv tj/xcov ol iro- 
 Xe/xcoc /cal toZs irepiTTol^ yj)r\<jovTai 6, tl av fiovXcov- 
 Tav edv Be eir bXlycov TeTay/xevoi tco/xev, ovBev av 
 elri QavfiaaTov el BiaKOirelr] rj/xcov rj cpdXay£ vtto 
 dOpbcov ical (SeXcov Kal dvOpcoircov ttoXXcov eLiireaovTcov 
 el Be nrrj tovto ecFTai, ttj oXrj cpdXayyu Kaicbv ecrTai. 
 dXXd fioi Boicel opOlovs toi>? Xb^ovs TroLrjcraLievovs 12 
 ToarovTov ywpiov KaraayeZv BiaXnrbvTas rot? Xb^ois 
 oorov e^co tov<z ea^aTov^ Xo^ovs yeveaOat tcov iroXe- 
 pLicov fcepaTcov Kal ovtcds eaojAeOa T97? Te tcov 7ro\e- 
 pLicov cpdXayyos e^co ol ea^aTOi Xo^ol, Kal opOlov? 
 dyovTes ol KpaTicrToi rj/xcov irptoTOi irpoaiaaiv, y Te dv 
 evoBov r), TavTj] e/cacrro? d^et 6 7k6^o<;. Kal eh Te to 13 
 
118 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 BiaXelirov ov pdBiov ecrrac rots iro\efiioi<; elaeXQelv 
 evOev Kal evOev Xb^cov ovrcov, . Btaicb'^raL re ov pdBcov 
 ecrTCH, Xo^ov opOcov irpocribvra. edv re ris TTie^rai, 
 
 TCOV Xo^COV, 6 7fX,7]0-L0V fior)6r)Crei. TjV T6 el? 7T7) BvV7]6y 
 
 rcov Xb^cov iirl rb aicpov dvafir)vai, ovBels fjL7)K6Ti fielvy 
 
 14 TO)V 7T0\€{ILCDV. TCLVTCL eBo^e, Kal ilTOLOVV 6p6lOV<i TOV$ 
 
 A.6^01;?. Eevotycbv Be dmioav eirl to evcovv/uLov dirb tov 
 Setjcov eXeye rol<; arpaTidyra^, "uivSpes, ovrol elcriv 
 o£>? Spare [jlovol en rjfuv efiiroBcov to fir) rjSr) elvav evOa 
 rrakav eairevBofiev tovtovs, rjv 7Tft)? Bvvcofieda, /cat 
 oofiovs Sec fcarcufyayelv. 
 
 15 \E7rel 8' ev rat'; yozpais eKaaroi iyevovro real row 
 \6%ov<; opOlovs eiroirjo-avro, iyevovro fiev Xb^ov rwv 
 ottXit&v a/i(j)l rovs byBorjKovra, 6 Be Xo^o 1 ; etcao-ros 
 cr^eBbv eh tovs etcarbv rovs Be ireXracrTas teal rovs 
 ro^oras rpi'xfi eTTOLrjcravTO, tov? fiev tov evcovvfiov etjio, 
 tol»9 &e tov Be^cov, rovs Be Kara fiecrov, a^eBbv e^aKO- 
 
 16 crlovs efcdcrTOVS. e/c tovtov Traprjyyvrjcrav ol crrparrjyol 
 evyeo-Qai' ev^dfievoi Be leal 7raiaviaavre<; iiropevovro. 
 /col Xecpicro<f)Os fiev teal aevo(j)cbv teal ol crvv avroi? 
 TreXrao-ral rr)<; r&v iroXefiicDV (pdXayyo? e£co yevbfievoi 
 
 17 eTropevovro ' ol Be iroXefiuoi co? elBov avrovs, dvTirra- 
 pa6eovTe<; ol fiev iirl to Be^cbv ol Be eirl to evcovvfiov 
 Biea7rdcr0r]o-av, Kal ttoXv rrjs avrcov cpdXayyos ev rco 
 
 18 fiecrco /cevbv eiroir)crav. ISovres Be avrovs BiaydXpvras 
 ol KaTa rb 'Ap/caSi/cov ireXracrraly cov r)p%ev Aio-yivr)<$ 
 6 ^Aitapvdv, vofjbio-avTes cpevyeiv dvaicpayovres eOeov 
 Kal ovroi irpcoroL iirl rb opo$ dva/3alvovcn' avvecpel- 
 irero Be avrols Kal to ApKaBiKov ottXitikov, cov rfpye 
 
 19 KXedvcop 6 'Op^ofievios. ol Be 7roXefiioi, co? rjptjavro 
 3-elv, ovKen eaTrjcrav, dXXd <f>vyfj aXXos aXXy e\pd- 
 irero. ol Be f EXXrjve? dva/3dvre<; icrTparoTreBevovro 
 ev TroXXals KGO/JLai? Kal TaTriTrjBeia rroXXd e^ovaa^. 
 
 20 Kal rd /nev dXXa ovBev r)v, 6, to Kal eOav/jLaaav ra Be 
 
BOOK IV. CHAP. VIII. 119 
 
 crjjLrjvr) 7roXXa rjv avToOl, teal tcov terjpicov ocroi ecfyayov 
 tcov arparicoTcov Trdvres aeppoves re eyiyvovTO teal 
 rjfxovv teal kcltcd hie^copei avrols teal opdbs ovhels r)hv- 
 varo Lcrra<j0at, dXX* ol fiev bXlyov ehrjhoteoTes a<f)6hpa 
 fjueOvovcTLv icpteeaav, ol he ttoXv fiaivofievoi^, ol he teal 
 aTrodvrjo-fcovcLV. etceiVTO he ovtoo ttoXXoI ooairep Tpoirrjs 21 
 <yeyevr)/jLev7]<?, teal nroXXr) rjv dOv/JLca. rfj S' vaTepata 
 direOave fxev ovheis, dficfrl Be Ti]V avTr]v ttov oopav 
 dvecfrpovovv TpiTTj he teal rerdpTr] dviaravro tooirep 
 etc <§>api±aKOiroo-ia<$. 
 
 'EvTevOev 8' eiTopevQr]crav hvo GTaQ^xov^, irapa- 22 
 crdyyas eirrd, zeal rjXOov eirl QdXarrav et? Tpaire- 
 ^ovvra ttoXiv 'EXXrjviha, olteov/Jbevrjv ev tw Ev^etvw 
 JJovtco, Xivwirecov diroitelav ev tjj KoXycov X^P^' 
 ivravda ejjbetvav rjfiepas dfufil t<x? rpid/covra ev rat? 
 tcov KoX^cov Kcbfjiais' fcdvrevOev opfioo/xevoi eXrjl&VTO 23 
 rr)v KoX^tha. dyopdv he irapelypv ru> arparoirehcp 
 Tpaire^ovvTioi, teal ehe^avro re tovs "EXXrjvas teal 
 %evia ehoaav ySoO? teal dX(f)iTa teal olvov. avvhieirpaT- 24 
 tovto he teal virep tcov rrrXrjcriov KoX^oov tcov ev tg3 
 irehiop fidXicrTa oIkovvtcov, teal %evia teal map e/eeevcov 
 rfkOov /3oe9. fierd he tovto tt)v Qvaiav, r)v ev^avro, 25 
 Trapecrteevd^ovTO ' rfkOov h* avTOis Iteavol /56e? diro- 
 Ovaai to) Ail T(p crcoTrjpi teal tu> 'Hpa/eXei r)yefi6o~vva 
 teai toi$ dXXois Qeol? a ev^avTO. eirolrjaav he teal 
 dycova yvpivitebv ev too opei, evOairep io~terjvovv. eX- 
 Xovro he ApatebvTiov ^TrapTiaTTjv, o? e<j>vye irals oov 
 oXteoOev, nralha dtecov tearateTavoov %vrfkr) nraTa^a^, hpb- 
 fjuov t e7rifie\r}6r)vai teal tov dyoovos TrpocrTaTijcrai. 
 eTreihr) he r) Qvcria eyeveTo, to, hepfiaTa irapehoaav too 26 
 Apatcovrico, teal r)yeicrOai eteeXevov, ottov tov hpo/iov 
 ireiroirjteco^ elrj. 6 he hel£a<; ovirep eaTr)KOTe<; eTvyya- 
 vov, Ovtos o Xotfjos, ecpr}, tedXXiGTOS Tpe%eiv oiroi dv 
 ri? fiovXrjTai. ITdo? ovv, ecpacrav, hvvrjaovTai iraXaleiv 
 
120 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 iv crteXrjpS teal hacrel ovtcqs ; o 8' elire, MdXXov ti 
 
 27 avidaeTCLL o teaTa7reo~cov. rjyeovi^ovTO he 7ralhe<; fxev 
 ardSiov twv afy/AaXcoTcov ol nrXelcnoi, hoXi^ov he 
 Kprjres Tfkeiovs rj e^rjKOvra eOeov, iraXrjv he teal ttv- 
 ryfirjv teal iraytepaTiov erepot. teal teaXr] Sea iyeveTO' 
 ttoXXoI yap KCLTefirjaav teal are Qecofievcov twv eraipcov 
 
 28 ttoXXtj <fiiXovei/eia iyiyveTO. eOeov he teal Xttttoi teal 
 ehei clvtovs Kara, rod irpavov? iXdaravTas iv ry $a- 
 Xdrrrj dvaaTpe^ravTa^ irdXiv dvco irpbs rbv /3cop,bv 
 dyeiv. teal Karco [lev ol ttoXXoI itevXivhovvTO' dvco he 
 7rpo9 to lo")(yp(bs opOiov /jloXls /3dhrjv eiropevovro ol 
 Xttttoi ' evda ttoXXtj tepavyrj teal yeXco? teal irapatceXev- 
 o~l<; iyiyveTO avTcbv. 
 
 BOOK Y. 
 
 1 "Oaa. [iev hrj iv ry dvajBdcrei ttj fierd Kvpov 
 eirpa^av ol "EXXrjves, teal ocra ev rfj iropela rfj fie^pi 
 iirl 3-dXarrav Tr\v ev ra> Ev^elvco Uovtcq, teal <w? eh 
 Tpaire^ovvra iroXtv 'EXXqviha dcpiteovTO, teal to? dire- 
 Ovcrav a ev^avro awrrjpia QvcreLV, evda irptoTov eh 
 (piXtav yrjv d(pL/eoivro, iv tu> irpbcrQev Xoyw hehyXcorac. 
 
 2 i/e he tovtov %vveX66vTe$ i/SovXevovro irepl rrj<; XoLirrjS 
 TTopelas' dveo-rr] he irpioTOS 'AvriXecov Oovpcos teal 
 eXe^ev code. Jiiyco puev toivvv, eepr], co avbpes, airei- 
 prjica tjBt] ^vatceva^ofjievos teal j3ahl£cov teal rpe^cov teal 
 rd oirXa cfrepcov teal iv rd^ei Icov teal ef>vXated<; (pvXdrrcov 
 teal jxayofjuevo^, iin6v[Jbto he rjhrj iravcrdfjLevos tovtcov 
 tcov Trovcov, itrel QdXaTTav eyop^ev, irXelv to Xolttov 
 teal i/eTadeh, osairep 'Ohvcrcrevs, teaOevhcov dfyiteeo-Qat, 
 
 3 eh T)]V 'EXXdha. TavTa dteovo~avTe<; ol GTpaTitoTai 
 dve6opvfir}o-av, go? ev Xeyoi' teal dXXos TavTa eXcye, 
 
BOOK V. CHAP. I. 
 
 121 
 
 Kal irdvres ol rrapovres. erreura Be Xecplaocpos dvearrj 
 /ecu elrrev &Be. £/Xo9 fioi eartv, to avBpes, 'Avagificos, 4 
 vavapx<* v $* [fccu] rvy%dvei. rjv ovv rre/i^re /ie, 
 otoficu dv eXOelv teal rpiijpeis e%a>z> Kal rrXola rd r)fias 
 d^ovra- vfim Be eirrep rrXelv /3ovXecr0e, rrepi/ievere, 
 ear dv eyco eXOco ■ r/^co Be -ra^eo)?. a/covaavres ravra 
 ol arpantorai TjcrOrjcrdv re Kal e^7](j)icravro rrXelv avrov 
 &>? Tayiara. 
 
 Merd rovrov Uevocpcov dvearrj Kal eXe^ev coBe. 5 
 Xecpiaocpo<; fiev Br) eVl nrXola crreXXerat, rj/iel? Be dva- 
 fievovfiev ocra fioi ovv BoKel Kaipbs elvai rroielv iv rfj 
 fJiovf), ravra epw. rrpcorov fiev rd eirirrjBeia Bel Trope- 6 
 %ea6ai Ik rrjs iroXefiia^' ovre yap dyopd eariv iKavr) 
 ovre brov govt] a 6 /xeO a eviropia, el fir) bXiyois riaiv t) Be 
 yoapa rroXejiia' kivSvvos ovv ttoXXovs drroXXvaOai, rjv 
 d/ieXco<; re Kal dcpvXaKrco<; rropevrjade errl rd eirirr)- 
 Beia. dXkd fioi BoKel crvv rrpovofials Xafifidveiv rd 7 
 emrrjBeia, aXXcos Be fir) nrXavdadai, ct>9 vtotflcrOe, iifids 
 Be rovrcov irrifieXeiaOai. eBo^e ravra. "Ere roivvv 
 aKovaare Kal rdBe. errl Xeiav yap vficov eKrropevaov- 8 
 rai rives. oiofiai ovv (SeXriov elvai rj/iiv elrrelv rbv 
 jieXXovra e^ievai, cppd^eiv Be Kal oiroi, Xva Kal ro ttXtj- 
 6o<; elBcofiev rcov e^iovrcov Kal rcov fievovrcov Kal %v/i- 
 rrapaaKevd^cofiev edv re Bey, kclv fiorjOrfcrai rial Kai- 
 pbs tj, elBco/iev orroi Berjcrei ftorjdeiv, Kal edv Tt? rcov 
 drreiporepcov ey^eipfj rroi, %vfi/3ovXevcofiev ireipcofievoi 
 elBevai rr)v Bvva/iiv ecft ou? dv icocriv. eBo^e Kal ravra. 
 'Evvoeire Se Kal roBe, ecf)r]. o-^oXr) rots rroXe/iiois Xrji- 9 
 ^ecrOai, Kal BiKaicos rjfiiv eirifiovXevovcriv eypfiev yap 
 rd eKeivcov virepKdQrfvrai S' rj/icov. <fivXaKa<; Bi] fioo 
 BoKel Beiv rrepl rb crrparorreBov elvai' edv ovv Kara 
 fiepos \_jJLepia6evre<f\ <pvXdrrco/iev Kal o-Korrw/iev, rjrrov 
 dv Bvvaivro rj/xas $7]pav ol rroXe/iioi. ere roivvv rdBe 
 opdre. el fiev i]rno-rd\ieQa cartas, ore y^ei irXola 10 
 
 6 
 
122 xenophon's Anabasis. 
 
 JL€ipLcro(po<; aycov ikclvcl, ovbev av ebei cov pueXXa) A,e- 
 yeiv vvv cT eVel rovro dBjfXov, Bo/ceo jiot rreipacrOai 
 irXola crvpurapaaKevd^eiv /cal avrodev. rjv (lev yap 
 eXOrj, virapypvTGdv evOdhe ev dcpOovcorepois irXevcrov- 
 
 11 pueOa, edv Be per) ayrj, rots evddBe ^prjcropeOa. bpo) Be 
 iyco ifkola iroXXdias irapanrXeovra' el ovv alrrjcrdpievot, 
 rrapd Tpairetpvvrlwv pba/cpd ifXola Kardyoipuev seal <pv- 
 XdrroLpuev avrd rd irrjBdXia irapaXvopbevoi, ect)? av 
 l/cavd rd d^ovra yevrjrai, lgcos av ov/c diroprjaaipLev 
 
 12 KopuiBr)^ o%a<$ BeopueOa. eBo^e /cal ravra. 'Evvorjaare 
 B\ e<fir}, el el/chs seal rpefyeiv dirb koivov oD? av tcara- 
 ydycopuev, ocrov av %povov rjpbcov eveicev fievcocrc, /cal 
 vavXov %vv6ecr6ai, oVcw? axpeXovvre? Kal ay^eXwvrai. 
 
 ISeBofje /cal ravra. Aoicel rolvvv pbOi, efyr), rjv apa koX 
 ravra rjpZv pbr) etCTrepaivrjrai ware dptcelv rrXoia, ra$ 
 6Bov$, a? Bvo~7r6pov$ d/covopLev elvai, rals irapa QdXar- 
 rav ol/covpbivais nroXecriv evreiXacrOai oBoiroielv rrei- 
 aovrai yap koX Bid rb (pofietcrdai, koX Bid rb /3ovXeo~6ai 
 rjpLcov drraXXayrjvac. 
 
 14 'EvravOa Be dvetcpayov, co? ov Beoi oBoiiropelv. 
 6 Be co? eyvco rrrv defrpocrvvrjv avrwv, eire^^io-e pbev 
 ovBev, Ta? Be 7roXet? efcovaras eireiaev oBoiroieiv, Xeycov, 
 ore S^drrov diraXXd^ovrai,, rjv evrropoi yevcovrao al oBol. 
 
 15 eXafiov Be /cal irevrrjKovrepov rrapd rcov Tpairetpvv- 
 rlcov, y eirecrrrjcrav Ae^iirirov Ad/ccova rrepioiKov. ov- 
 ros dpLeXr)o-a$ rod tjvXXeyeiv rrXola diroBpas cfyero e£a> 
 rod Hovrov e^cov rr)v vavv. ovros pbev ovv BUaia 
 eiraOev vcrrepov ev ©paKrj yap irapa ^evOrj rroXv- 
 irpaypiovcov n direOavev virb NctcdvBpov rod Adfccovos. 
 
 16eXa/3ov Be /cal rpca/covropov, fj eirearddrj UoXvtcpdrr}? 
 'Adrjvalos, o? OTrocra Xafi/3dvoL ifXola /carrjyev errl rb 
 G-rparoireBov. teal rd pbev dycoyopba, el ri rjyov, e%at- 
 povpuevoL <$>vXaKa<$ Kadlaraaav, O7rco? acoa elr), roi$ Be 
 
 17 ttXolois i')(pr)o~avro els rrapa^cdyrjv, ev a> Be ravra r\v 
 
BOOK V. CHAP. I. II. 123 
 
 €7rl Xelav i^yecrav ol "EXXrjves, KaX ol fiev eXdfi/3avov 
 ol Be KaX ov. KXeatveTOs S' e^ayaycov zeal tov eavrov 
 fcal dXXov Xo-^ov Trpbs %copiov ^aXeirbv auros re dire- 
 
 * Save KaX dXXoc iroKkoi tcov avv avTco. 
 
 *EireX Be tcl eTriTijBeia ov/ceri rjv Xa/jb/3dveiv coo~Te 2 
 a7rav6T)jJLepi%eiv eirX to arparoirehov, i/c tovtov Xaficov 
 p,evo<pcov rjye/iovas tcov Tpaire^ovvrloiv e^dyet eh Api- 
 Xa<$ to rjfiicTV tov arparev/jiaro^, to Be ripaav KaTeXtire 
 
 ttt ^jfivXaTTetv to arparoirehov' ol yap KoX^ot, are eKire- 
 TrrcoKore^ tcov oIklcov, ttoXXoI rjcrav dOpooi teal virepeKd- 
 Orjvro eirX tcov d/epcov. ol Be TpaireCpvvTioi birbOev fiev 2 
 tcl eTTLTrjheLa paBiov rjv Xa(3elv ovk rjyov cplXoc yap 
 avToh rjaav els tovs ApiXas Be irpoOvficos rjyov, vcf) 
 cov /ca/ccos eiracryov, eh ycopia Te bpeivd KaX Bvo~f3aTa 
 
 KaX dvQpCOTTOVS 7roXe{ALKCOTdTOVS tcov ev tco Uovtco. 
 
 ^EireX Be rjaav ev Trj dvco yd>pq ol "EXXrjves, birola 3 
 tcov ycxspicov Toh ApiXais dXcoaifia elvai eBoKei epLTU- 
 nrpdvTes dirfjecrav' teal ovBev rjv Xapufidveiv, el fir) vs r) 
 /3ou? rj ciXXo ti kttjvos to irvp Biairecpevyos. ev Be rjv 
 ^copiov [ir}Tp67roXis avTcov eh tovto irdvTes ^vveppvij- 
 Kecrav. irepX Be tovto rjv yapdBpa la^ypcos (BaOela, 
 KaX TTpbaoBoi yakeiraX irpbs to ywpiov. ol Be ireXra- 4 
 cttoI 7rpo$pafi6vTe<; gtoBlcu irevTe rj e£ tcov ottXltcov, 
 BiaftdvTe? Tyv yapdBpav bpcovTes 7rp6/3aTa 7roXXa KaX 
 dXXa xprjjjLaTa, irpoaepaXXov Trpbs to %cop[ov %vvel- 
 7T0VT0 Be KaX Bopvcpopoc iroXXoX ol eirX to, eiTLTrjBeia 
 e^copfjbrjpievoi' coaTe iyevovTO ol BiafBdvTes TrXelovs rj 
 eh Blct^lXiovs dvdpcoirovs. eireX Be yuayofxevoi ovk 5 
 eBvvavTO Xafiecv to ycopiov, KaX yap Tacppo? rjv irepl 
 ai)TO evpela dvaj3e^Xr}fievrj KaX aKoXoires irrX Trjs dva- 
 fioXrjs ko\ TvpaeLS irvKvai ^vXivai ireiroirjpievaL, dirie- 
 vai Br) eireyeipovv ol Be eireKeiVTO avToh. cos Be ovk 6 
 iBvvavTO diroTpe^eiv, rjv yap ecj) evbs r) KaTafBaais e'/c * 
 tov ywpiov eh Tr)v yapdBpav, TrefjLTrovGL irpbs aevo- 
 
124 XENOPHON S :A^JBASIS. 
 
 7 (pcovra, o? rjyeiTO toXs 6tt\ltcu<;. 6 S' eXOtov Xeyei, 
 otl earl ywpiov ^prj/jbdrcov iroXXcov [learov tovto ovre 
 Xafielv Bvvdfieda' la^vpbv ydp eo~Tiv ovre direXOelv 
 paBiov ixdyovTCLi yap eirePeXrjXvOoTe^ Kal rj d(j)oSo$ 
 
 8 ycuXeirr]. dicovcras ravra 6 'Bevocpcov irpocrayaycov irpbs 
 ttjv yapdBpav tovs fiev oirXiTas ^ia6ao i/ceXeucre rd 
 oirXa, avros Be Bia(Bd$ avv rols Xo%ayol$ iaKoirelro, 
 irorepov eli] icpelTTov dirdyecv /cal tovs $taf3e{37]KOTa<; 
 ri koX tovs oirXtTas Biaj3if3d£eLV, &)? dXovTOs av tov 
 
 ^coptov. iBoKet, yap to fjuev dirdyeiv ovk elvai dvev 
 iroXXcov veKpcov, eXelv 8' av coovto tcai ol Xo^ayol to 
 ytopiov. Kal 6 Izevocfrcov ^vve^toprjae toZs lepols tti- 
 GTevaa^' ol yap \idvTei^ diroBeBeiyfievoi rjaav, oti 
 
 10 fid^rj [lev eaTau, to Be TeXo<; KaXbv tt)s i^oBov. teal 
 tol>9 jjiev Xo^ayovs eire/jbire Bca/3L/3dcrovTa<; tovs oirXl- 
 ra?, avTos S' e/mevev dvayj^plaa^ airavTa? tov$ ireX- 
 
 11 racrm?, Kal ovBeva eta d/cpoj3oXl^ea6ac. eirel B' rj/cov 
 ol oirXlTai, etceXevcre tov Xo%ov etcao-TOV iroir)crai tcov 
 Xo%aya)v co? av KpaTicrTa oXrjTau dycovielcrOai* rjaav 
 yap ol Xo^ayol irXrjalov dXXrjXcov, ol irdvTG, tov %/)o- 
 
 12 vov dXXtfXoL? irepl dvBpayaOlas avTeiroiovvTO. Kal ol 
 fiev TavTa eirolovv 6 he tols ireXTaaTals irdai iraprjy- 
 yeXXe BirjyKvXco/jLevov; levai, &>9, oiroTav arjjuLrjvrj, aKov- 
 Ti%eiv Ber)aov, Kal tovs To^oTas eiri(3ej3Xi)a6ai eirl rafc 
 yevpals, o>9, oiroTav arjjuLrjvrj, To^evetv Ber)aov, Kal tov? 
 yvfAvrjTas XlOcov e%etv fieaTa? Ta<$ Bi<fi6epas' Kal tov? 
 
 13 iiriTrjBelov^ eire/jb^e tovtcov iirLjJLeXrjOrjvai,. eirel Be 
 irdvTa irapeaKevaaTo Kal ol Xo^ayol Kal ol viroXo^a- 
 yol Kal ol d^iovvTes tovtcov firj %elpov<? elvai irdvTe? 
 irapaTeTayjJbevoi r)aav, Kal dXkrjXovs jxev Br) tjvvecopcov 
 
 14 lATjvoeiBrjS yap Bid to ywpiov rj Tat;i$ rjv eirel S' eirai- 
 dvicrav Kal tj Gcihnriy^ ecp6ey^aT0, d/xa Te tcq 'EvvaXtcp 
 rjXdXa^av Kal Weov Bpoptco ol oirXtTat, Kal Ta /3eXrj 
 6/xov icf)ipeTO, Xoy^ai, To^evfiaTa, afyevBovai, irXelaTOt 
 
BOOK V. CHAP. II. 125 
 
 £' ifc tS)V yeipoiv X1601, rjcrav Be ol Kal rrvp rrpocre- 
 <pepov. virb Be rov ttXijOovs rwv (3eXS)v hXiirov ol 15 
 
 TToXeiAlOL TOL T6 CTTavpCO/JLClTCl KOi T<2? TVpCTet^' COCTT6 
 
 ^Ayacrlas ^TVjxcj)aXio<; Kal QiXo^evos TleXXi\vevs Kara- 
 Oejxevoi rd oiiXa ev yj,r(hvi /xovov dvefirjcrav, Kal dXXo? 
 dXXov el\/ce, teal aXXos dvaf3e/37]Kei, Kal ijXaiKeu to 
 ywp'iov, w? iSofcei. Kal ol fiev rreXraaral Kal ol tyikol 16 
 elaBpap,6vres rjpira^ov 6,ti e/cacrTO? iBvvaro • 6 Be ttevo- 
 (pcov crrds Kara ra? ttvKcls 6tt6o~ov$ iBvvaro /careKcoXve 
 rwv* ottXit&v e%co • rroXefiioi yap dXXot, ecpaivovro eir 
 aicpois riarv lo")(ypoLS. ov 7roXXov Be ypovov pbera^v 17 
 yevofievov Kpavyrj re iylyvero evBov Kal e<pevyov ol jjuev 
 Kal eyovres a eXafiov, rdya Be rt? teal rerpcofievo^' teal 
 7ToA,i)? rjv coOicr/jibs dfMJn rd Qvperpa. /cal ipcortio/ievoc 
 ol efCTTLTTTOvre^ eXeyov, ore ci/cpa re eartv evBov tcai 
 ol iroXepLLoi ttoXXoi, ot rraiovcriv e/cBeBpa/u,7] /cores rovs 
 evBov dv0pco7rovs. evravOa avearelv e/ceXevcre ToXp,c- 18 
 Brjv rov icr)pvica levai etcrco . rov (SovXojJuevov to Xa/JL- 
 (Bdveiv, Kal Xevro rro~XXol elcrco, Kal vik&cti tovs 
 eKiruKrovras ol elacoOovfievoo Kal KaraKkeiovcri rovs 
 Tro\e[jLiov<; rraXtv eh n)v aKpav. Kal rd puev e^co rfjs 19 
 aKpas rrdvra Bir\pirdo-Qr\ Kal e<~eKO filer avro ol "EXXr)- 
 ves ' ol Be oirXlrao eOevro rd oirXa, ol /j,ev rrepl rd 
 aravpcofMara, ol Be Kara rr\v oBov ttjv iiri ttjv aKpav 
 (frepovcrav. 6 Be gevocficbv Kal ol Xoyayol iaKoirovv, 20 
 el olov re ecrj rrjv aKpav XafieZv rjv yap ovtcds ctcott]- 
 pia dac^aX^, dXXcos Be rrdvv yaXeirbv iBoKec elvac 
 drreXOelv o-Koirov/bLevoLS Be avrols eBo^e iravrdrracriv 
 dvdXwrov elvai rb ywpiov. evravOa rrapeaKevd^ovro 21 
 rrjv d(poBov, Kal roi)<; fiev crravpovs eKaaroi rov<; Ka6* 
 avrovs Biypovv, Kal tov<? dypelovs Kal (poprta eyovras 
 e^eirepmovro Kal rwv ottXctcov to irXrjdos, KaraXiirbv- 
 Te? ol Xoyayol ol? eKaaroi eiTLarevev. errel Be rjp^avro 22 
 a7T0)(copelv, eire^edeov evBoOev 7roX\ol yeppa Kal Xoy%a<; 
 
126 XENOPHON's ' ANABASIS. ' 
 
 €%ovt€$ /cal Kvr)[uha<$ fcal Kpdvrj JJacpXayoviKa, /cat 
 dXXoo errl ra? oiKias dvefiaivov to? evQev Kal evdev 
 
 23 rr}<; eh rr)v a/cpav cpepovcrrjs ohov • coo-re ovhe hicoKeiv 
 dcrcpaXes rjv Kara ra? irvXas to.? eh rrjv axpav cpepov- 
 cra?. Kal yap £vXa [xeydXa eireppircrovv dvcoQev, cocrre 
 yaXeirbv rjv Kal jnevecv Kal dirievai, Kal r) vv% <po/3epd 
 
 2ir)v eiriovcra. iiayopuevcov he avrcov Kal diropovpuevcov 
 Qecov t*9 avroh pnqyavrrv cTcorr\pia^ hlhcocnv. e^aTrlvrj^ 
 yap dveXapLijrev olkla rcov ev he^ia orov hrj evd-tyavros. 
 co? S' avTT) ^vveTTLTTTev, ecj>evyov ol dirb rcov ev Setjia 
 
 25 oIkicov. cbs Be epbaOev 6 Uevocpcbv tovto irapd rrjs 
 tv")(7]^, evdrrreiv e/ceXeve koi ra? ev dpicrrepa ol/ctas, 
 at ^vXivai rjcrav, cocrre Kal ra%v e/cacovro. e<fievyov 
 
 26 ovv Kal ol dirb rovrcov rcov ol/cicov. ol he Kara rb 
 aropia hr) en fiovoi eXvirovv /cal hrjXot, r)aav ore em- 
 Keicrovrai ev rfj ej-ohco re Kal Karaj3ao~ei. evravOa 
 irapayyeXkei cpepeiv %vXa oaoi ervyyavov e£co ovres 
 rcov fieXcov eh rb pueaov eavrcov Kal rcov iroXepLLcov. 
 eirel he iKava rjhr) rjv, evrytyav evrprrov he Kal rd<; 
 irap avrb rb yapciKcopua olKias, oVco? ol iroXepaoi apicpl 
 
 27 ravra eypiev. ovrco fioXcs dirr)X6ov dirb rod ycoplov, 
 7rvp ev p>ecrcp eavrcov koX rcov iroXejxicov iroirjcrdpievoi. 
 Kal KareKavQr] irdcra r) ttoXis Kal al olKLai Kal at 
 rvpcreLS Kal rd erravpeopiara koi raXXa rrdvra rrXr)v 
 rr)<$ aKpas. 
 
 28 Tfj he vtrrepaiq dirrjeaav ol "EXXrjves eypvres rd 
 einrrjheia. irrel he rr)v Kardfiacriv icpofiovvro rr)v eh 
 Tpaire^ovvra, rrpavr)^ yap r)v Kal crrevf], tyevhevehpav 
 
 29 eiroirjcravro • Kal dvrjp Mvcrbs rb yevos Kal rovvofia 
 tovto eywv rcov Kpyrcov Xa/3cov heKa epuevev ev Xacrico 
 ycoplcp Kal irpGaeiroielro rov<; rroXepLiov? rreipdaQai 
 XavOdveuv al he ireXrai avrcov dXXore Kal aXXore 
 
 30 hiecpalvovro yakKai ovcrai. ol puev ovv iroXepLioi ravra 
 hiopcovres icpo/3ovvro &>? ivehpav ovcrav r) he arpand 
 
BOOK V. CHAP. H.' — III. 127 
 
 ev rovrco KarefBacvev. eirel Be eBoKet rjBr) licavbv vire- 
 \ij\v6evai, rco Mvcrq) iarjfATjve cpevyecv dvd Kpdros' 
 Kal o? e^avaaras cfrevyec Kal ol o~vv avrco. Kal ol fiev3] 
 ahXoc Kprjres, dkcaKeaOac yap ecpacrav tg3 'Bpofxco, 
 iKirecrovres Ik rr\s oBov els vkrjv Kara rds vdrras kvXcv- 
 Bov/jcevoc ecrcoOrjcrav, 6 Mvabs Be Kara rr)v 6Bbv (pevycov 
 ejBoa j3orj6ecv • Kal efiorjOrjcrav avrco, Kal dve\a/3ov 32 
 rerpco/jcevov Kal avrol eirl iroBa dveycopovv fiaXko- 
 /Jbevoi ol ftorjdtfcravres Kal dvrcro^evovres rives rcov 
 Kprjrcov. ovrcos dcpUovro eirl rb crrparoireBov irdvres 
 crcoo c ovres. 
 
 'Eirel Be ovre Xeipicrocf>os rjKev ovre ifXola Uavd 3 
 rjv ovre ra errcr^Beca rjv Xa/jcfidvecv ere, eBoKec dircreov 
 elvac. Kal eh fiev ra ifkola rovs re daOevovvras eve- 
 /3i{3acrav Kal rovs virep rerrapaKovra err) Kal rralBas 
 Kal yvvacKas Kal rcov CKevcov oaa fir) dvdyKT) r)v e%ecv • 
 Kal $ikr)o~Lov Kal ^ocpalverov rovs rrpecrftvrdrovs rcov 
 errparr)<ycbv elo-/3ij3do~avres rovrcov eKekevov eTUfjeekeZ- 
 o~6ac ' ol Be aXkoi eiropevovro • r) Be 6Bbs coBoiroirnJuevrj 
 rjv. Kal dcpCKVovvrat iropevo/xevoc eh Kepaaovvra rpi- 2 
 racoc, rrokcv *EXkr)vcBa eVl Qakdrry, Xivcorrecov diroi- 
 kov, ev rfj Kok^lBc %copa. evravda epueivav r)fiepas ?> 
 BeKa' Kal e^er acres ev rocs oirkocs eycyvero Kal dpc- 
 O/jlos, Kal eyevovro oKraKccrylkcoi Kal e^aKocrioi. ovroi 
 icrcoOrjaav eK rcov d/icpl rovs fivpcovs' ol Be ciXkoc 
 dircokovro vrrb re rcov Trokejiicov Kal ^covos Kal el res 
 vbcrco. 
 
 ^Evravda Kal Bcdkafi/3dvovcrc rb drrb rcov alyjxa- 4 
 \corcov dpyvpcov yevofievov. Kal rr)v BeKarrjv, r)v tc3 
 'AiroKkcovc etjeckov Kal rfj ^E<pecrla ^ AprefJbcBi, Bcekafiov 
 ol arparrjyol rb fcepos eKacrros cpvkdrrecv rocs &eocs* 
 dvrl Be Xecpccrocpov Necov 6 'Acrcvacos eka/3e. aevo- 5 
 epebv ovv rb fjuev rod ^AttoWcovos dvdOrjixa irocrjadjjbevos 
 dvarldrjcrcv els rbv ev AeXcpols rcov '' AOrjvaccov Srjaavpbv 
 
128 xenophon's- anabasis. 
 
 teal eireypa^e to re avTOV ovojjlcl ical to IIpoi~evov, 
 
 6 o? ctvv KXedp^co direQave • f t'z>o? yap r t v avTOV. to Se 
 tt}<; 'ApTepLtSos TTfi 'JS^ecr/a?, OTe dirrjeu crvv AjT]Gt- 
 Xdco etc t?}? ^Acrias ttjv eh Boicotovs bSbv, icaTaXeLirei 
 irapa Meya/3v£cp tco t?)? : ApTepuiSos veco/cbpco, oti av- 
 T09 KivSwevacov iSb/cei levac, /cal eireaTeCXev, r\v fxev 
 clvtos crcoOy, avTw diroSovvac el Se to Trddoc, dvaOei- 
 vai 7TOL7]ad/jLevov T7J ''ApTepaSi o } to oloiTO yapielo-Qai 
 
 7 Ty S-eco. eirel S' efyevyev 6 zievocpcov, koltoikqvvtos 7]Stj 
 avTOV ev X/clXXovvtl virb tcov Aa/ceSaipuOvicov ol/cc- 
 aOevTi irapa ttjv 'OXv/nirlav dcpi/cvetTac Meydfiv^os eh 
 
 OXvpurtav 3-ecoprjcrcov, /cal diroSlSo^ac ttjv irapa/caTa- 
 6r)K7)v avTG>, aevocfrcov Se Xaj3cov ycopiov covelTai Ty 
 rj-ew 07rov aveiXev o rcfeo?. eTV%e oe oia puecrov pecov 
 tov 'xjcopiov TTOTapLos ^eXcvovs. /cal ev ^Ecpeaco Se irapa 
 tov t?}? 'ApTe/jLiSos vecov XeXivovs iroTapubs irapappel, 
 /cal l^Oves he ev dpucpoTepocs eveicn /cal Koyyai* ev Se 
 to) ev XkiXXovvtl yxopico /cal ^rjpai irdvTcov birbcra 
 
 9 eo~Tiv dypevbpueva Qrjpla. eiroiyae Se /cal /3co{ibv /cal 
 vabv dirb tov lepov dpyvpiov, ical to Xoarbv Se del 
 Se/caTevcov tcl etc tov dypov copala S^vatav eiroleu Ty 
 3-eco, /cal irdvTes ol iroXtTai, /cal ol irpbcrywpoi dvSpes 
 ical yvval/ces pueTelyov t?}? eopTr)?. irapel^e Se r\ $eo? 
 toIs <t/c7)vov<jlv aXcpLTa, cipTOvs, olvov, Tpayrj[xaTa } /cal 
 tcov S-vo/jievcov dirb ttj^ iepa<; vopui)^ \d%os, /cal tcov Qtj- 
 
 10 pevofievcov Se. /cal yap ^rjpav Iitolovvto eh ttjv eopTrjv 
 ol Te &evocf)oovTos iralSes /cal ol tcov aXXcov ttoXitcov, 
 ol Se fiovXbpbevoi, /cal avSpes %we6r)pcov ■ ical rjXia/ceTQ 
 to, /iev e£ avTOV tov lepov y&pov, tcl Se /cal e/c ti)? 
 
 11 <J>oXbr]s, crves /cal Sop/cdSes /cal eXacpoL. eo~Ti Se r] j((opa 
 y e/c Aa/ceSaLjJiovos eh " > OXv\x r Kiav iropevovTau cbs ec/cocrc 
 GTaSioi dirb tov ev 'OXv/jLTrta Alo<$ lepov. evi 8' ev tcq 
 lepco %copcp /cal aXcry ical oprj SevSpcov [xeaTa, l/cavd /cal 
 crO? /cal alya<$ /cal /3ou9 Tpecpetv /cal linrovs, cocrTe /cal 
 
BOOK V. CHAP. III. IV. 129 
 
 ra rcov eh rrjv eopryv Iovtoov viro^vyia evcoyelaOat. 
 irepl he avrbv rbv vabv a Aero? rjpLepcov hevhpcov icf)v- 12 
 T£vO)] oca earl rpcofcra aipala. 6 he vabs go? puicpos 
 fieydXco tw ev Ecpecrco elKaarai, teal to %6avov eoitcev 
 ft)? KvirapLTTtvov ypvaS ovti tw ev 'Ecfrecrcp. teal cttijXt] 13 
 e<TT7]fce irapa rbv vabv ypafi/xara eyovaa' 1EPOX O 
 XflPOZ THZ APTEMIAOZ. TON AE EXON- 
 TA KAI KAPnOTMENON THN MEN AEKA- 
 THN KATAGTEIN EKAXTOT ETOTX. EK 
 AE TOT UEPITTOT TON NAON EIUXKET- 
 AZEIN. AN AE TIX MH IIOIHI TATTA 
 THI OEM MEAHZEI. 
 
 'Etc KepaaovvTos he Kara BciXarrav fiev etcofit- 4 
 Xpvto oiirep koX nrpoaOev, ol. he aXXoc Kara yyv eiro- 
 pevovro. eirel he r\aav eirl rots MoacrvvoLKcov opioid, 2 
 TrepnTovaiv eh avrovs TipnqciQeov rbv Tpaire'CpvvTiov 
 irpo^evov ovra rcov Moo~o~vvol/ccdv, epcorcovres, nrorepov 
 w? hid <^L\ta<$ r] co? hid- 7roXejjLia<i iropevGovrai rr}? %oo- 
 pas. ol he elirov, OTi ov hirjeroiev eiriaTevov jap Tot? 
 ywploi 1 ^. evrevOev Xeyei 6 TipLrjcriQeos, ore iroXepnoi 3 
 elcnv avrols ol etc tov eiretcewa. teal ehotcei tcaXeaai 
 etceivovs, el /3ovXoiVTo ^vpL/xaylav Tronjcracrdai' teal 
 7re/jL<fi0el<; 6 TipLrjacOeos fjtcev aycov tov? apyovras. 
 eirel he a(f)ltcovTO, o-vvrjkQov ol re rcov MoccrvvoLtccov 4 
 apyovres koX ol arpar^yol rcov ' EXXijvcov /cal eXeye 
 fiev 'Bevo^cbv, rjppajveve he TifLr]cri6eo<$' ? /2 dvhpes 5 
 MocrcrvvoiKot, rjjubeos (3ovX6fie6a hiacrojdf]vai TTyoo? Ti]V 
 *EXXdha ire^fj • irXola yap ovtc eyofiev • tcooXvovcn he 
 ovtol 7]jJLa^ y ou? atcovofiev vplv iroXefiiov^ elvac. el ovv 
 fiovXeaOe, e^earcv vplv 5?//.a? Xafieiv ^vfXfxdyov^ teal 
 TificopTjaacrOai, el tl ttgottoO* £/m? ovtol r)hi/C7]crav, teal 
 to Xolttov v/jlcov v7T7]k6ov<; elvai tovtovs. el he rj/ias 7 
 acf)?]o-eTe, crfceyjraaOe, irbQev avOts av TocravTijv hvvap.iv 
 XdjBoiTe fjvfifia'xpv. 7rpo? TavTa anretcpivaTO 6 apywv 8 
 
 6* 
 
130 XENOPHON S ANABASIS. 
 
 ro)v MocrtTvvolfccov, ore ical [BovXoivto tclvtcl ical Be- 
 
 9 yoivro rrjv ^vyb^iayiav. "Ayere Bij, ecprj 6 aevocpcov, 
 rl r}fJL(bv EerjcreaOe yjiiqaaaQai, dv £vpup,ayoi vjjlcjv ye- 
 vodjJLeOa, ical v/meis rl dloi re ecrecrOe 7]fuv ^v/jLTr.pd^ac 
 
 10 wepl t?}? BloBov ; ol Be earov, otl licavoi ia/JLev eh rrjv 
 yj£>pav elcrjSdXXeiv etc tov eVl Qdrepa rrjv tcov vjjllv re 
 ical TjfjLtv TToXefilcov, /cal Bevpo vfilv irejju-^rai vavs re ical 
 avBpas, oiTive^ vpXv ^vpu\iayovvTai re ical rrjv 6Bov 
 
 T)<yY)(TOVTai. 
 
 11 'EttI tovtois iricrTa BovTes ical Xa(S6vTe$ w^ovto. 
 /cal rjtcov rfj vcFrepala ayovres Tpiatco<jia irXola /novo- 
 %vXa /cal ev e/edcrrq) rpels avBpas, &v ol fjuev Bvo e/c/3dv- 
 
 12 T€? et? Ta^iv euevro ra oirXa, o be et? epueve. /cat ol 
 fjuev \af36vres to, ifkola dnrkifXevaav, ol Be [levovres 
 e^erd^avro wBe. eo~T7]o~av dva e/carbv fidXtcrra olov 
 %opol dvTicnoiyovvTes dXXtfXots, e^ovres yeppa Trdvres 
 Xev/ccov f3oa)V Bacrea, el/cacrfieva kittov TrerdXco, ev Be 
 rrj Be^ia ttoXtov go? e^dirrj^v, efiirpoorOev fiev Xoyxyv 
 
 13 eypv, oiTLcrOev Be avTov rod tjvXov o-<baipoeiBe<$. X CTQ) ~ 
 vlcr/covs Be eveBeBv/ceaav virep yovdrcov, irdyo? &>? Xivov 
 crrpco/jbaroBecr/JLov, eirl rfj KefpaXfj Be /cpavrj cr/cvTiva ol- 
 airep rd IlacpXayovc/cd, /cpcoftvXov eypvra Kara fieo-ov, 
 iyyvrara riapoeiBr}' elyov Be /cal craydpeis criBjjpas. 
 
 14 evrevOev e^fipye yuev avTwv el?, ol Be aXXoi irdvTe? 
 eiropevovTO aBovres ev pvOjjuw, ical BueXOovres Bed rcov 
 rd^ecov /cal Bid tcov ottXqov tcov 'EXXijvcov eiropevovTO 
 ev9v$ nrpo? rovs iroXefxiovs eirl ywpiov, b eBo/cei eiri- 
 
 15 /xa^dyrarov elvai. cpKelro Be tovto irpo ttj? jroXecos ttj? 
 [i7]rpoir6Xew^ /caXovfjbevrjs avTois ical eyov(n)<$ to d/cpo- 
 rarov twv Mocrcrvvoi/ccDV. /cal irepl tovtov 6 TroXefio^ 
 tjv ol yap del tout e^ovre^ eBo/covv ey/cparecs elvat, 
 /cal irdvTcov Moo-avvol/ccov, ical ecfiacrav tovtov? ov 
 Bc/caico? ^X ei,v T °v T0 > dXXd koivov ov /caTaXaj36vTa<; 
 
 16 irXeove/cTeZv. eXirovTQ S' avTois ical twv 'EXXrjvow 
 
 1 
 
BOOK V. CHAP. IV. 131 
 
 rives, ov Ta%6ivTe<z virb tcov crTpaTrjycov, aXXa dpira- 
 77)9 eveicev. ol Be iroXepLLOL irpocuovTCov Teca? fxev rjav- 
 ya'Cpv eirel 8' iyyvs eyevovTO tov %copiov, eKBpa/xovTes 
 Tpeirovrau avrovs, teal dnreKTeivav crv)(yov$ tcov /3ap- 
 (Sdpcov Kal tcov %vvava/3dvTcov * EXKtjvcov Ttvds, kcu 
 eBLcoKov p<eyjpL ov elBov tovs "EWrjvas florjdovvTas* 
 elra Be diroTpairoixevoL coyovTO, kcu aTrorefAovres ra<$ 17 
 KecpaXa? tcov vetcptov iTreBeiKWcrav tois re "EWtjctl 
 Kal Tot? eavTcov 7ro\6/xtot9, Kal dfia e%6pevov vofico tlvI 
 aSovres. ol Be "EWrjves [icCka rj^Oovro, on rovs re 18 
 7roXeyu,iou? eir67roLY}iceaav S-paavrepovs Kal ore ol e'£e\- 
 dovres "EXXrjves crvv avTols eTrecpevyecrav fxaXa ovres 
 crvyyoi' ovitco irpbcrQev eireTT0L7]Kecrav ev rfj arpa- 
 reia. zevocpcov Be %vy/ca\eo~a<z tov? ( 'EXkr)va<; elirev, 19 
 "AvBpes crrpaTLCoraL, firjBev d0VfjLrjcTr}Te' eveica tcov ye- 
 yev7]/jLevcov • tcrre yap otl kcu dyaObv ov fielov tov 
 kclkov yeyevrjTcu. irpcoTov fiev yap eTTLCTTaaOe, otl ol 20 
 fjie\XovTe<; rjjJLiv rjyetcrOai tcq ovtl iroXepaol elaiv olenrep 
 koX rjfjias avayKT}' eireiTa Be Kal tcov *EXkrjVcov ol 
 acppovTLCTTrjcravTes ttjs i;vv i]jmv Tci^eco^ Kai iKavol yyrj- 
 adfievoL elvai %vv toIs j3ap{3dpots TavTa TrpciTTeiv direp 
 crvv rjjMv Blktjv BeBcoKacrLV coaTe avQis t)ttov tt\<$ y/^e- 
 Tepas Ta^ecos diroXetyovTat. dXk! v/jlcls Bel irapa- 21 
 cTKevd^eaOac, ottcos Kal Tot9 cpl\ot<; overt tcov fiapftdpeov 
 Bo^eTe KpeiTTovs avrcbv elvai Kal T0Z9 Tro\epbtoi^ Brfkco- 
 creTe, otl ov% ofioioL? dvBpdcrL fia^ovvTau vvv Te kcu 
 OTe T0Z9 aTaKTOL? e\xdyovTO. 
 
 TavTTjv fiev ovv ttjv rj/xepav ovtcos eyuetvav tj} S'22 
 vcTTepaiq, QvcravTes, eirel eKaWLepijcravTO, dpLo-Tijcrav- 
 T69, opdiovs tov<$ Xo^ou9 7roL7]ad/jievoL, Kal tou9 fiap- 
 fidpow; eirl to evcovvpuov KaTa TavTa Ta^ajxevoL eiro- 
 pevovTO tou9 TO^OTas p,eTatv tcov \6\cov bpOicov ovtcov 
 eypvTe^i inro\eL7rofievov^ Be jXLKpbv tov crTOfAaTos tcov 
 ottXltcov. 7]crav yap tcov iroXepblcov ol ev^covoi KaTa- 23 
 
132 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 rpe^ovres tols XiOois e/SaXXov. tovtovs ovv avecrreX^ 
 Xov ol to^otcli teal ol TreXrao-ral. ol S' aXXot, fidBrjv 
 eiropevovro irpcorov puev iirl to %copiov, acj) ov rfj irpo- 
 repaiq ol j3dp/3apoi, irpecpOrjcrav teal ol %vv avrols* 
 
 24 ivravda yap ol iroXepbiou rjcrav dvTcreray/jLevot. rou? 
 liev ovv 7re\racrTa<; iBe^avro ol (BdpjBapou teal ip,d- 
 yovTO, iireiBi] Be iyyv<$ rjcrav ol OTrXlrai, . irpdirovro. 
 teal ol jjuev ireXTacrral evdvs eiirovro Bccbteovres dvco 
 7T/30? tt)v pirjTpoTTo'XiVy ol Be oirXlrai iv rd^eo eiirovro . 
 
 25 iirel Be dvco rjcrav irpos rals rr)$ p,r]Tp07r6XeG)<$ olteiais, 
 ivravda Brj ol rroXepaoi ojjlov Br) rrdvre^ yevofievoi ipud- 
 yovro teal i^rj/eovri^ov to2$ iraXrols, teal aXXa Bo para 
 e^ovres rrayea fiatepd, ocra dvrjp dv (pepoc fioXis, rov- 
 
 26 Tot? iireipcovro dfivvecrOao eie ^eipo^. iirel Be ov% 
 ixplevro ol r/ EXX7]ve<;, dXX 1 ojxocre iywpovv, eepvyov ol 
 fidpfiapoi teal ivrevdev diravres Xarovres to yapiov. 
 6 Be (BacriXevs avrcov 6 iv rS fiGcrcrvvi, rep eV dtepov 
 a>fcoSojjL7]fiiv(p, ov rpecjyovcn rrdvre^ teoLvf) avrov fievovra 
 teal ^vXdrrovcnv, ovte rjOeXev i^eXOelv, ovSe ol iv rco 
 irporepov alpeQevri ywpicp, aXhl avrav crvv Tot? /uocr- 
 
 27 crvvois tearefcavBrjcrav. ol Be "EXXrjves B tapir d^ovres 
 rd yj&pia evpicrieov Qrjcravpovs iv rats olteiais dprcov 
 vevrjfieveov rrarpiovs, C09 ecjyacrav ol MocrcrvvoL/eot,, rbv 
 Be viov ctltov %vv rfj teaXdfirj diroteelfievov rjcrav Be 
 
 28 ^etal al irXelcrrai. teal BeXcftivcov repud^r] iv dp,(f)o- 
 pevcriv evpLcrteero rerapt^evfieva teal crreap iv revyecri 
 rcov BeXffiivcDV, co i^poovro ol Mocravvocteoo teaOdirep ol 
 e 'EXXr]ves r<2 iXalcp' tedpva Be iirl rcov dvcoyatcov r)v 
 iroXXd rd irXarea, ovte eypvra Bia§vr)v ovBepbiav. 
 
 29 rovTcp teal rrXelarcp crircp i^pcovro etyovres teal dprovs 
 oirrwvre^. olvo? Be evptcrteero, 0? ate par 0$ fiev 6%m 
 ifyaivero elvai virb rr)<; avcrrrjporrjro^, teepacrOels Be 
 €vccBr)<; re teal r)Sv<?. 
 
 30 Ol [xev Br) "EXXr)ves dpio-TrjcravTes ivravOa eVo- 
 
BOOK V. CHAP. IY. V. 133 
 
 pevovTo eh to irpocrco, irapaBovTes to ywpiov Toh %v/jl-< 
 jjLCL)(ijo-ao~i, Tcbv MoaavvoLK(ov. oiroaa Be Kal aXXa 
 irapyeaav ywpia tcov %vv Toh iroXepbLOi^ ovtcdv, tcl 
 ei/TrpoaoScorara ol fiev eXearov, ol Be e/covres Trpoaeyoy- 
 povv. ra Be irXelcrTa TOidBe r)v tcov ywpiwv. dnrelyov'ZX 
 al iroXeLS air dXXtfXoov o~TaBia oyBorjKOVTa, al Be 
 TrXelov al Be jxelov • dva/3od>VTcov Be dXXrjXcoi ^vvtjkovov 
 eh tt)v erepav etc t?}? erepas TroXew outco? v^rjXr) re 
 Kal kolXtj r) yozpa rjv. eirel Be Tropevofievoi ev toZ? (pi- 32 
 Xoc$ r)aav, eireBeiKWcrav avToh iraZhas tcov evBaifiovcov 
 aiTevTOvs, reOpa/jL/jievovs Kapvois i(pdoh, diraXovs icai 
 XevKovs acpoBpa Kal ov iroXXov Beovras Icrovs to /urjfcos 
 Kal to ttXclto? elvao, ttolkiXovs Be tcl va)Ta Kal to, epb- 
 irpoaQev irdvTa eGTiypLevovs dvOepaa. eQqTOW Be Kal 33 
 rat? eTaipais ah r)yov ol "EXXrjves ificpavcos %vyyi- 
 yveaOai' vo/jlo$ yap r)v ouro? o~(f)icn. XevKol Be iravTes 
 ol avBpes Kal al yvvalKe<=;. tovtovs eXeyov ol crTpa- 34 
 Tevad/xevoi, j3ap{3apcQTaTov<$ BieXdeiv Kal irXelcrTov tcov 
 'EXXtjvlkcov vo/xcdv Keycap lajievov^. ev re yap o'xXcp 
 ouTes eiroiovv airep av avOpooirou ev epr\yLia 7roL7]crecav, 
 aXXcos Be ovk av ToXpuwev, fiovoi re 6We? o/xoia eirpaT- 
 tov direp av fieT aXXcov 6We?, BieXeyovTo re eavToh 
 Kal iyeXcov i<j> eavTcov Kal oopyovvTO i(pcaTd/j,evoc oirov 
 Tvyoiev cocrirep aXXoc? eiriBeiKVvpuevoi. 
 
 Aid TavTrjs Trjs %wpa? ol "EXXrjves, Bid re t?}? 5 
 iroXepbia^ Kal t?}? (pLXias, eiropevOrjaav oktco aTaOfiovs, 
 Kal dcpLKVovvTac eh XdXvfias. ovtol bXlyoi rjcrav Kal 
 VTrrjKOOi tcov MocravvoLKcov, Kal 6 /3/o? rjv tols irXei- 
 <7T0t? avTcov dirb cnBrjp e/a?* evTevOev d<fiiKvovvTai, eh 
 TijBaprjvovs. r) Be tcov Ti(3aprjvcov yoopa ttoXv rjv 2 
 jreBtvcoTepa Kal vcopia el^ev iirl SaXaTTrj tjttov ipv- 
 fivd. Kal ol crTpaTTjyol e^prj^ov 7rpo? ra ywpia irpoa- 
 ./3dXXeiv Kal ttjv aTpaTcav ovr\Qr\vai tl, Kal to, ^evca, 
 a r)K€ irapa Tifiaprjvcov, ovk iBe^ovTO, dXX* eirtfielvaL 
 
 
134: XENOPHON ; S ANABASIS. 
 
 3 KeXevcravTes, ecrre fiovXevcraLVTo, eOvovTO. Kal 7roXXa\ 
 KaraOvadvrcov TeXos direBel^avTO ol [JLavreis irdvTes 
 yvcojjLTjv, otl ovSajxy TrpoaloLVTO ol $eol tov iroXefJuov. 
 evTevQev 8r) tcl %ivia iBe^avro, Kal &>9 Sta ^)t\ta? tto- 
 pevo/nevoc 8vo rj/xepas afyltcovro eh KoTveopa, ttoXlv 
 'EXXrjviha, ^Lvcoirecov diroiKovs, ovras 8' ev rfj Ttftapr)- 
 vcov %copa. 
 
 4 Me%pL evTdvOa eire^evcrev tj arparcd. irXrjOos rr)? 
 Kara/3daeco<i rfjs 68ov diro tt)<$ ev 3a[3vXcovL y^£%?7? 
 ci^pL eh Korvcopa crTaOfzol etcarbv et/cocrc 8vo, irapa- 
 crdyyau e^aKoaioc Kal ec/cocrc, ardScoo fxvpLOL /ecu oktcl- 
 KiGyfrkioi teal e^ctKOCTioL, yj)bvov ttXtjOos oktco /jLrjves. 
 
 5 evravda ejjueivav rjfAepas rerrapaKovra irevre. ev 8e 
 TavTCtLs irpcorov fiev Toh 3-eoh eOvcrav, teal irofjLTrds 
 €7roi7]crav Kara eOvos e/cacrroi tcov 'EXXtfvcov Kal dyco- 
 
 6 va$ <yvp,vifcov<;. tcl S' eirirrjheia eXdpi(3avov tcl fiev etc 
 ttj<; UacpXayovias, tcl S' etc tcov ^coplcov rcov KoTveopL- 
 tcov ov yap irapelyov dyopdv ov8' eh to Tel^o? tovs 
 acrOevovvras iSe^ovro. 
 
 7 'Ev tovtcq epxpvrai eic Xlvcotttjs 7rpecr/3et?, cpoftov- 
 fjbevoL irepl tcov KoTveopcrcov tt}<; re 7roXeco<;, r)V yap 
 etceivcov Kal cpopov e/celvoLS ecpepov, teal irepl tt}? ^copa?, 
 otl r)Kovov 8r)ovfiev7jv. Kal eX06vTe$ eh to GTparo- 
 ire8ov eXeyov izpoiqyopeL 8e 'EfcaTcovv/uios SeLvbs vo/u- 
 
 8 ^ofievos elvaL XeyeLv "Eirefi-tyev rffids, co av8pe<; crTpa- 
 TLcoTaL, r\ tcov ^Lvcoirecov tto/U? eiraiveaovTa^ re vfias, 
 otl vLKCLTe f/ EXXijve^ 6We? (3ap(3dpov$, eireiTa 8e Kal 
 %vvr]cr6r)crofJLe'vovs ) otl Sod 7roXXcov re Kal SeLvcov, co? 
 rjfjbeh aKovofiev, irpayfiaTcov creacocrfJuevoL irdpecrTe. 
 
 9 d^LovjJiev 8e e/ EXXrjve<; ovt€<$ Kal avrol vcf vjjlcov ovtcov 
 K EXkrjvcov dyadbv fiev tl irdcryeLv, KaKov he fxrjhev* 
 ovhe yap rjfjueh v/jlccs ovBev nrcoiroTe V7rrjp^a^ev KaKco? 
 
 10 TTOLovvTe?. KoTveopLTaL Be ovtol elcrl fjuev rj/ieTepoi 
 cvrroiKOL, Kal ttjv yozpav rjfieh avToh TavTTjv 7rapa8e8co- 
 
BOOK V. CHAP. V. 135 
 
 /cafiev /3ap/3dpov$ dcpe\6/ievoi' Bib /cal Baapubv rjfuv 
 cftepovcriv ovroi reray/xevov /cal Kepaaovvnoi ical Tpa- 
 rretpvvnoi oxjclvtw cocrre 6, ri av tovtovs /ca/cbv 
 iroirjcrrfre i) Xivcoirecov rroXi^ vo\xi%ei rrdoryeiv. vvv Sell 
 d/covopiev vfid<; eh re rr)v rroXiv /31a irapeXrfXvOora^ 
 evlovs cr/crjvovv ev rah ol/ciai<; /cal e/c rcov ycopicov fiiq 
 XapbfSdveiv cov av Berjcrde ov rreiOovra^. ravr ovv ovk 12 
 d^LOv/jbev el Be ravra iroirjaere, dvdy/cr) rjfMtv ical Ko- 
 pvXav /cal Hacf>Xay6va<; koX aXXov ovriva av BvvcofieOa 
 cpiXov iroielaOai. 
 
 Upbs ravra dvaards &evocpcov vrrep itov crrparico- 13 
 rcov elrrev, 'H^eh Be, co avSpes Xivcoireh, rj/cofjuev dya- 
 rrcovre^ on rd crcofiara Bieo~cocrd\JLeQa koX rd oirXa' 
 ov yap r)v Bvvarbv djia re ^pij/iara dyeiv teal cpepeiv 
 /cal roh iroXefiiois \xdyecrdai. ical vvv eirel eh rd<$ 14 
 'EXXrjviBas rroXei? rfkOo/JLev, ev Tpaire'Cpvvri fiev, ira- 
 pei^ov yap rj/uuiv dyopdv, covovfievoi elyo\xev rd eirirr)- 
 Beia, koX dvQ^ cov erlfjurjorav tj/jlcl^ teal i;evia eSco/cav rfj 
 arparia, avrerificopiev avrovs, Ka\ el Tt? avroh cplXos 
 tjv rcov fiapfidpeov, rovrcov drreiyopbeQa' tou? Be rroXe- 
 /Lt/of? avrcov, e'<£' ou? avrol rjyoivro, /ea/cco? eiroiovfiev 
 oaov eBvvdfjieda. epcorare Be avrovs oitolcov rivcov 15 
 r)jjLwv ervypv rrdpeicri yap evOdBe ou? rj/iiv yye/jiovas 
 Bid cpiXlav r) 7r6/U? ^vverrejj.'^rev. orroi 8' av eX6bvre^\Q 
 dyopdv fjbi) e^co/iev, av re eh ftdpfiapov yrjv av re eh 
 'EXXrjviBa, ov^ vfipei dXXa dvdy/cr) Xapb(Bdvo[xev rd 
 eiririjBeia. teal KapBov^ov^ /cal Taoyovs /cal XaX- 17 
 Balovs /cairrep fiacrikecos ov^ virrj/coovs ovras o/jlco<$ kcu 
 fzdXa (pofiepovs ovras iroXepLiovi e/crr)o~d/jLe6a Bid rb 
 dvdy/crjv elvai Xafi(3dveiv rd errirr]Beia, errel dyopdv ov 
 rrapel^ov. Md/cpcova? Be /caiirep flapfidpov? ovras, 18 
 eVel dyopdv oXav eBvvavro rrapelyov, (piXovs re evofii- 
 tyfiev elvai /cal (Sla ovBev eXapb^dvofiev rcov e/ceivcov. 
 Korvcoplras Be, oi)? vjierepovs (pare elvai, el ri avrcov 19 
 
136 XENOPHOX'S ANABASIS. 
 
 elXtfcfrafjLev, avrol clitiol elcrw ov yap go? (piXot Trpocr* 
 e<j>epovTO i)plv, dXXa KXeiaavTe^ to? irvkas ovre etaco 
 iBe^ovTo ovre e^co dyopav eirepurov yrcoovro Be tov 
 
 20 irap vjjlcov dppLoaTr)v tovtoov oXtlov elvai. o Be Xeyet? 
 /31a, TrapekOovras crKrjvovv, rjixei^ rj^iodfiev tou? Kapuvov- 
 to? et? to? c-reya? Be^acrQai' eirel Be ovk dveopyov to? 
 Triikas, y rjfjLas iSi^ero avrb to %coplov, TavTrj elaeX- 
 66vTes aXXo fiev ovBev ftiaiov eirotrjaapbev, GKirvovai B J 
 ev Tat? Q-Teyais ol fcd/AvovTes to eavT&v BairavcovTes, 
 koX to? TTv\a<$ (fipovpovfiev, 6Vct)? pur) eirl tS vpteTepqy 
 dp/jboaTrj a)criv ol KaptvovTes rjpcov, dXX' icfS rj/ilv fj 
 
 21 KopbicraaOai, otov /3ov\cofie6a. ol Be aXXot, &>? opaTe, 
 o-/C7]vovjjl6v VTvaLQpioi ev Tjj Ta^ev, irapeaKevaapievoi, av 
 jmiv Tt? ev Troif), clvt ev iroielv, av Be KatcS)<;> aXe^a- 
 
 22 ad at. a Be rjirelXrjcra^ &>?, r)v vpulv Bokyj, KopvXav Kal 
 IIa(j)Xay6va<; ^vpLpbd^ov^ Troirjo-eaOe icj> rjfias, rjpLels 
 Be, rjv fiev dvdy/cr) fj, TroXe/jbrjcropev Kal dfMfioTepow 
 r/Br] yap teal aXXot? TroXXairXaaioLS vpucov eiroXepbrj- 
 aapbev av Be Bofcfj rjpilv, fcal cplXov 7roiovpbe6a tov 
 
 23 IlacpXayova. aKovopbev Be avTov Kal eirtdvpLelv tt}$ 
 vpieTepas 7ro\eaj? teal ywpioov tcov eiriOaXaTTicov. irei- 
 pacropbeQa ovv avpurpaTTOVTe^ avTcp cov eirtOvpuel cplXoc 
 yiyveaQai. 
 
 24 'Ek tovtov pdXa ptev BrjXot r)o~av ol ^vpLTrpeo-fieLS 
 toj *EKaTcovvpL(p yakeiraivovTes rot? elpr]p,evo(,s, irapeX- 
 Ocov 8' avTOJV aXXos elirev, oti ov iroXepiov TroirjcropLevoi 
 rjicoiev, dXXd eTuBei^ovTes, oti (ptXoo elal. Kal ^evioi^, 
 t)v puev eXOrjTe irpo^ tt)v ^cvcoirecov ttoXiv, i/cel Be£6- 
 jieda, vvv Be tov<> evOdBe KeXevcroptev BiBovai a Bvvav- 
 
 25 Tat' opcoptev yap irdvTa dXr]6f] opt a, a XeyeTe. etc 
 tovtov %evid Te eire/xTrov ol KoTvayptTai Kal ol o~Tpa- 
 Trjyol tcov "EXXijvcov e^evi^ov tou? tcov Xivooirewv irpe- 
 crfieis, Kal 7rpo? dXX7]Xov<; iroXXd Te Kal eiriT^Beia 
 BteXeyGVTo tcl Te aXXa Kal irepl r?;? Xoiirr)<$ Tropelas 
 eirvvOdvovTo Kal wv eKaTepoi iBeovTO. 
 
BOOK V. CHAP. VI. 137 
 
 Tavrrj [lev Tjj r\pi,epq tovto to reXos iyevero. rf} (j 
 Be vorrepaia %vveXe%av ol arparrjyol rou? crrparicoTa^, 
 teal eBbicei avrois irepl tt}? Xoiiri]s iropelas irapaKaXe- 
 aavras robs Xivcoireas j3ovXevea9ai. etre yap ire^fj 
 Beoi iropeveaOai, ^p/jcripioi dv eBoKOW elvai ol ^ivco- 
 ireis rjyovpievoi' epuireipoi yap rjaav t?}? IIa<pXayovia<;' 
 ecre Kara SdXarrav, irpoaBeiv eBoKei ^ivcoiricov fiovot 
 yap av iBoKovv itcavol elvai irXola irapaayelv aptcovvra 
 rfj crrparia. KaXeaavres ovv tov<$ irpecr(3ei<$ i;vvef3ov- 2 
 Xevovro, koX rj^lovv c/ EXX7]va<; ovras "EXXrjcri tovtg) 
 irpcorov fca\c$<; Be^eaOai rc3 evvovs re elvau Kal ra 
 /3eXriara %vpi(3ovXeveiv. 
 
 'Avao-rds Be 'Efcarcovvfio*; irpcorov piev direXoyrj- 3 
 aaro irepl ov elirev co? rbv HafyXaybva (J)iXov iroirj- 
 aoivro, on ov^ &)9 rot? "EXXrjai iroXepbijabvrcov cr<f)cov 
 el'iroi, dXX' ore e^bv rot? j3ap/3dpot$ cjiiXovs elvai robs 
 "EXXrjvas alprjaovrai. eirel Be ^vpiftovXeveiv i/ciXevov, 4 
 eirev^dfievos &Be elirev. El puev %vpi{3ovXevoipii a /3e\- 
 Tiard fioi Boicel elvai, iroXXd fioi /cdyaOa yevoiro' el 
 Be firj, rdvavrla. avrrj yap r) lepa i;Vfif3ov\r) Xeyopievr) 
 elvai BGKel pioi irapelvai' v.vv ydp Br), av fiev ev ^vfi- 
 fiovXevcras cjiavco, iroXXol eaeaOe ol eiraivovvres fie, av 
 Be Ka/coos, iroXXol eaeaQe ol Karapoopievoi. irpdypLara o 
 jjulv ovv olB* oti iroXv irXelco e^opuev, edv Kara QdXar- 
 rav Kopii^rjo-Oe' ?;/za? yap Berjcrei rd irXola iropi^eiv 
 tjv Be Kara yrjv crreXXTjaOe, vpias Berjaei toz)? ^X°~ 
 puevovs elvai. o/xa)? Be Xe/crea d yiyvd>o~Kco • epureipos 6 
 ydp elpii Kal tt}? ^copa? tcov UafyXaybvoov Kal ri}? 
 BvvdpiecQS. e%ei ydp dpK^brepa, Kal ireBla KaXXiara 
 Kal oprj v-^rrjXbTaTa, Kal irpcorov piev olSa ebdvs y rrjv 7 
 ela/3oXr)V dvayKt] iroielaOai' ov ydp eariv aXXy rj y 
 rd Kepara rod opovs 7779 bBov KaO* eKarepd icrriv vilrrj- 
 Xd, a Kpareiv Karexpvres Kal irdvv bXlyoi Bvvaivr dv 
 tovtcov Be Kare^ppievcov ovB' dv ol irdvres dvOpcoiroc 
 
138 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 hvvaivr av hie~k6elv. ravra he Kal hei^aifii av, et /jloi 
 8 rova /3ov\oia6e ^v/unrepi-yfrai. eireira he olha Kal irehla 
 ovra zeal Irrirelav, r)v avrol ol (3dp(Sapoi vopbl^ovcri 
 fcpecrrco elvai dirdcn]*; tt}? fBaaCkecos lirireia^. Kal vvv 
 ovtol ov Trapeyevovro fiaaikeZ tcakovvTi, dWa puel^ov 
 £ (frpovet 6 apyw>v avrcov. el he teal hvvrjOelre rd re oprj 
 Kke-^rai i) cf)0dcraL Xafiovres Kal iv tw irehico Kparrjaac 
 /xa^optevoo tovs re birirel^ rovrcov Kal 7re%cov puvpidhas 
 7r\elov r) hcoheKa, rj^ere eirl rovs 7rorap,ovs, rrp&rov 
 [lev tov Oepficohovra, evpos rpioiv ifkeOpwv, ov %aXe- 
 irbv olfAdL hiafiaiveiv aWcos re Kal 7ro\epLLcov iroWwv 
 pbev eparpocrOev ovrcov, ttoWcov he biriaOev eiropLevcov 
 hevrepov 8' ^Iptv, rpcifkeOpov (bcravrw rplrov 8' 
 f 'A\vv, ov fiecov hvolv crrahtoiv, bv ovk av hvvacade 
 dvev 7f\oL(ov hiafir\vai % ifkola he rt? ecrrac 6 irapeyjav ; 
 o>9 8' clvtcds Kal 6 HapOevios d/3aros' £<$>' ov ekOocre 
 
 10 av, el tov tr A\vv hia{3air)re. eyco fiev ovv ov yakerrr]v 
 v/jllv elvai vo/lll^cq tt]v iropelav, dXkd rravrdirao-iv dhv- 
 varov. av he irXerjre, earriv evOevhe puev eh ^ivdnnrv 
 rrapaifXevcrai, etc ^ivdnvr]^ he eh r Hpdickeiav e£ < Hpa- 
 tckelas he ovre rretyj ovre Kara Qdkarrav diropia' iro\- 
 \a jap Kal rfkold ecrriv ev t Hpatc~keia. 
 
 11 \E7rel he ravra e\e%ev, ol puev vircowrevov c^Ckla? 
 eve/ca rrjs KopvXa Xeyecv • Kal <ydp r)v 7rpo%evo<> avrco • 
 ol he Kal &>? haypa Xrj-^ropLevov hid rr)v £v/jLJ3ov\r)v rav- 
 rrjv ol he virdnrrevov Kal rovrov eveKa \eyeiv, o>? pur) 
 ire^fj lovres rr)v ^tvcoTrecov ri ^copav KaKov epyd^oevro. 
 ol 8' ovv r/ EWr]ves e^7](f)LO~avro Kara QdXarrav rr\v 7ro- 
 
 12 peiav iroielcrOai. puerd ravra Uevocpcov elirev, V2 £ivco- 
 7ret?, ol puev dvhpes jjprjvrac iropetav rjv vp,el<$ ^v/jiftov- 
 Xevere' ovrw he e^et* el puev ifXola eaeaOav pbeXKeu 
 LKavd dpL0/JLQ) o)9 eva fir} KaraXeirreaOai evBdhe, rjpLels 
 he ifKeoijiev av el he pLeXkotfiev ol fiev KaraXetyeadai, 
 ol he ifkevaeadai, ovk av epL/3alr)pL€v eh rd nfkola. 
 
BOOK V. CHAP. VI. 139 
 
 yiyvobo~KOfA,ev yap, ore, oirov fiev av KpaTwpev, Bvval- 13 
 fied' av Kal aoa^eo-Qai Kal ra eTTLTrjBeLa exetv el Be 
 7rov tJttou? tcov iroXepbloov \rj^>97]o-6fL€0a, evBrjXov Br] 
 otl iv avSpcLTToScov X®P a ^ojneda. aKovaavre? ravra 14 
 ol 7rpeo-Pei<$ ifceXevov TrepbireLV 7rpecr/3et?. Kal nrefi- 
 irovai KaWl/Jiaxov 'ApKaBa koX 'Aplarcova ' AQiqvdiov 
 Kal XafxoXav ' Ayaiov. Kal ol jjlIv cpxovTO. 
 
 *Ev Be tovtco tS %pov(p aevocpoovTL, opcovTL fiev 15 
 oifkLras ttoWovs tcov ' EWtfvoov, opcovTL Be Kal 7reX- 
 rao-ras 7roWov<; Kal ro^oras Kal o-cfrevBovrJTas Kal hr- 
 Tret? Be Kal jidXa r)8r) Boa tt)V TpLJ3r]V iKavovs, ovras 8' 
 iv too Uovtw, evOa ovk av air bXiycov xPV^utoov 
 Tocravrrj SvvafJLis irapecrKevdcrOr}, KaXbv avrcp eBoKec 
 elvai Kal %OQpav Kal Bvva/MV rfj *EXXd8L 7rpoo~KTr}cra- 
 crdai, ttoXlv KaroiKLo-avras. Kal yevecrOaL av avTco 16 
 eBoKec /jL€<yd\r), KaTaXoyL^ofievco to re avrcov 7rXr)do<; 
 Kal tou? TrepLoiKovvra? tov TLovrov. Kal iirl tovtols 
 edvero irptv tlvl elirelv tcov ar par loot oov XiXavbv 
 irapaKaXeaas, tov Kvpov fidvTLV yevo/ievov, tov 'Ajul- 
 /3paKicoT7]v. 6 Be SiXavbs SeStcu?, p,r) yevTjrai ravra 17 
 Kal Kara/jLetvrj irov rj cnpaTid, eK(pepec els to crrpd- 
 revfia Xoyov, otl l Bevo<f>cov /3ovXeTaL KaTafielvao ttjv 
 Q-TpaTidv Kal ttoXlv olKLcrac Kal eavTco ovo\ia Kal Bvva- 
 \iiv irepiTroiriaaaOai. avTos 8' 6 SiAavbs e/3ovXeTO 18 
 otl TayiGTa els ttjv *EXXd8a d(pCKea6ac • o£>? yap irapa 
 Kvpov eXafie T/^cr^Aioi;? BapecKOVs, OTe tcl? BeKa rjfie- 
 pa$ ?]\rj0evcre Qvofievos Kvpco, BcecrecrcoKei. tcov Be 19 
 GTpaTtcoTcov, eVel r\Kovo~av, rot? \xev eBoKei /3eXTLo~TOv 
 elvai KaTa/jLelvat, tols Be 7roA.Aot? ov. TifJiaaicov Be 6 
 AapBavevs Kal @copa^ 6 Bolcotlos 7rpo? epuropov^ tivcis 
 irapovTa^ tcov HpaKXecoTuv Kal XLVooirecov Xeyovo~Lv y 
 OTiy ei jjbr] eKTTopiovai ttj crTpaTia fJuaObv coaTe e^eiv 
 Ta eiriTr]8eia eKifXeovTas, otl KLvBvvevaei /Jbelvau tq- 
 aavTT) BvvafAis iv tco JJovto) • fiovkeveTat, yap Uevo^Sv 
 
140 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 Kal rjfjLas rrapaKaXel, iireoBav eXOrj ra rrXoia, rore el- 
 
 20 rrelv i%ai<fivr}<$ ttj arpana, "AvBpes, vvv fiev opwpLev 
 rj/jLa^ drropovs ovras Kal iv rw diroirXw eyeiv ra ern- 
 ryBeta teal &>? o'cKaBe direXOovra^ ovfjaal n rovs oXkov 
 el Be /3ovXea6e rfjs kvkXw ^oopa? irepl rbv Uovrov 
 olfCOV[iev7)<; iKXetjapcevot oiry av (3ovXr]a6e Karaayelv, 
 kclX rbv puev eOeXovra dirievai oiKaBe, rbv Be iOekovra 
 fieveiv avrov, ifkola 8' v/uv rrdpeariv, ware oirrj av 
 
 21 (BovXwaOe e%ai<fiv7)<$ av iir lire aoure. a/covcravres ravra 
 ol e/ub7ropoo dir^yyeXXov rals rroXeaf ^vveirepu'^re <T 
 avroLS TtjuLacricov 6 AapBavevs Evpvpua^ov re rbv Aap- 
 Bavea koX Ocoparca rbv Bolcotlov ra aura ravra ipovv- 
 T<2?. Xivwirels he Kal 'Hpa/cXecorai ravra aKovaavre? 
 rrep/Kovai tt^o? rbv Tipuaalwva /cal KeXevovai rrpoara- 
 revaai Xa(36vra ^prj/xara, ottco? i/CTrXevar) rj err par La. 
 
 22 © Be aapuevos aKovaas iv ^vXXoycp rwv err par iwr wv 
 ovrwv Xeyeu rdBe. Ov Bel irpoaeyeiv p<ovfj, w avBpes, 
 ovBe t?}? 'EXXdBo? ovBev irepl rrXelovos rroieladai. 
 cikovco Be rtvas SveaOai, iirl rovrw ovB' vpuv Xeyovras. 
 
 23 vTTi<jyyovp,ai Be vpuv, av eKTrXerjre, drrb vovpLrjvia? 
 fiicrdocpopav rrape^eiv Kvty/crjvbv eKaarw rov firjvos' 
 /cal a%w vpuas eh ryv TpwdSa, evQev /cat elpuu <fivyd<z, 
 Kal virdp^ei vpXv rj ifXT) ttoXis' e/covre? yap pue Betjov- 
 
 24 rat. tfyijaopbai, Be avrbs eya> evQev iroXXd %prjpLara 
 Xrj^eaOe. e/x7recpo<; Be elpa r?}? AloXiBos /cal rfjs $pv- 
 yias /cal t?}? TpwdBos /cal t?}? Qapvafid'Cpv «/?%% rrd- 
 0-779, ra puev ota ro e/ceiuev etvac, ra be oca ro ^we- 
 ar par evaQai iv avrfj avv KXedp^w re Kal AepKvXiBa, 
 
 25 dvaards avdts @copa% 6 Boicbrios, 09 del irepl crrpa- 
 rrjylas 'Bevofpcovrt ijidyero, ecf)7], el i^eXdocev e/c rov 
 Uovrov, eaeaOai avrols Xeppovrjcrov, yoapav KaXrjv Kal 
 evBaipiova, ware rw /3ovXo/jLevq) ivoiKelv, rw Be firj /3ov- 
 Xojmevw drnevai ocKaBe. yeXolov Be elvat iv ry *EXXdBi, 
 ova7]<$ %wpa<; TroXXfjs Kal d(f>66vov iv rfj /3ap/3dpwv 
 
BOOK V. CHAP. VI. 141 
 
 piaareveiv. eare B ' av, €<fir}, e/cei yevrjaOe, /caycb, /ca- 25 
 Odirep Ti/jLclcticdv, vTria^vovpiai vpXv rr)v piiado(f)opdv. 
 ravra Be eXeyev elBa)<z a Tipaaiwvi ol 'Hpa/cXeoarai ical 
 ol Xivojirel^ vTriayyovvTO (bare eiarXeZv. 6 Be ttevo- 27 
 <p(bv iv rovTfi) eaiya. dvaards Be <&iXr)aio$ teal Avtcwv 
 ol ^ Ayaiol eXeyov go? Beivbv elrj IBia p,ev ttevo^wvra 
 ireideiv re /carapbeveiv ical QveaOai virep rrjs fiovrj^ fir] 
 Koivovpievov rfj arparia, els Be rb icoivbv pbr)Bev dyo- 
 peveiv irepl rovroav. (bare yvay/cdadrj 6 &evo(f)(bv dva- 
 arrjvai /cal elireiv rdBe. 'Eyd), a> dvBpes, Bvopiai p,ev, 28 
 o>9 bpdre, birbaa Bvvapai /cal virep vp/ov /cal virep 
 ifiavrov, 07T&)? ravra rvyydvw /cal Xeycov /cal vocov /cat 
 irpdrrcov, oiroia pieXXei vpXv re /cdXXcara ical dpiara 
 eaeadai ical epoL ical vvv iOvofirjv irepl avrov rovrov, 
 el dpieivov eirj dpyeaQai Xeyeiv et? u/xa? /cal irpdrreiv 
 irepl rovrcov r) iravrdiraai jirjBe dirreaOai rod irpdypa- 
 ro<z. %iXavb$ Be pioi 6 pbdvri? dire/cpivaro, rb fMev29 
 fieytarov, to lepd /caXd elvai' yBei yap /cal e/xe ov/c 
 diretpov ovra Bid rb del irapelvai rois lepols' eXe^e Be, 
 ore ev rots lepois (palvoiro ris BoXos /cal eiri/3ovXy epioi, 
 a>? dpa yiyvoaa/cwv, on avrbs eirefiovXeve BiafidXXeiv 
 fie irpbs vilcls. e^rjveyice yap rbv Xoyov, ct>9 eyco irpdr- 
 reiv ravra Biavooijurjv ijBrj ov ireiaas vp,as. e'Y&> Be el 30 
 pbev ecopcov diropovvras vpias, rovr av ea/coirovv, a<£' 
 ov av yevoiro (bare Xa(36vra<; vpas iroXiv rbv pbev /3ov- 
 Xopuevov diroirXeiv 7]Br), rbv Be prq (3ovX6pievov, eirel 
 Krrjcrairo licavd (bare /cal rovs eavrov ol/celovs dxpeXrj- 
 aal ri. eirel Be opoy vpuv /cal rd irXola irepbTrovra^ 31 
 'Hpa/cXecoras /cal ^ivanrel^ (bare e/cirXelv, /cal paadbv 
 VTna^vov/jievov^ vplv avBpas dirb vovpurfVLa^, /caXov poi 
 Bo/cel elvai aw^opievovs ev6a BovXopeQa paaObv rv}? ao)- 
 rripia^ XapbjBdveiv, ical avros re rravopbai e/cetvi^ rr)$ 
 Biavotas, /cal biroaou irpb<; e/x-e irpoafjeaav Xiyovres, co? 
 XPV ravra irpdrreiv, iraveaQai (jyrjp^i %prjvai. ovrco yap 32 
 
142 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 ytyvcocrKco • bfxov fiev ovres itoXXol, cocrrrep vvvi, hoKetre 
 av [Mot Kal evnjioi elvai Kal eyew ra eTrtrrjheia' iv 
 yap rep fcparelv icrn Kal rb Xaji(3dvetv ra rcov rjrrb- 
 vcov hiacriraG Sevres S' av Kal Kara jiiKpd yevojjuevrjs 
 rrjs hwdjiews ovr av rpofyrjv hvvaicrQe Xajifidvew ovre 
 
 33 yaipovres av diraXXd^acre. hoKel ovv fioi arrep vplv, 
 eKTropeveaOai els rrjv 'EXXdha, Kal idv ns fjbeivrj rj 
 diroXLiTOdV XrjtyOfj irpiv iv dcrcpaXel elvai irav rb crrpd- 
 revjia, KpiveaOai avrbv &)? dhiKovvra. Kal 6ra> hoKel, 
 ecjyr], ravra, dpdrco rrjv yelpa. dvereivav arravres. 
 
 34 6 he XiXavbs if36a, Kal eVe^e/pet Xeyeiv, &)? hUacov 
 elrj dnrievai rbv fiovXofievov. ol Be crrpanwrai ovk 
 rjveiyovro, dXX' rjireiXovv avrcp, on, el Xrjtyovrai diro- 
 
 35 hihpdcrKovra, rrjv hUrjv eirtOrjaotev. ivrevQev eirel 
 eyvcoaav ol r HpaKXeoorai, on iKrrXelv hehoyfievov eirj 
 Kal 'Bevocj^cbv avrbs iTreyjrrjcpLKcbs elrj, ra fiev nrXola 
 nrejiirovcri, ra he yjprjjiara a vrrecryovro Tijuaalcovi, 
 
 36 Kal ©copaKL i-^evajievoi rjcrav rrjs fjLio~6o$>opa<$. iv- 
 ravOa he iK7re7rXrjyjievoi, rjcrav Kal ihehcecrav rrjv crrpa- 
 ridv ol rrjv jxicrOo^opav virecryrjixevoi. irapaXajBovres 
 ovv ovroi Kal rovs aXXovs arparrjyovs ols dveKeKoi- 
 vcDvro a rrpocrOev eirparrov, rrdvres S' rjcrav irXrjv 
 Necovos rov 'Acrivalov, 0? Xeipicrocfxp virecrrparrjyeiy 
 XeLplcrocpos he ovitcd iraprjv, epypvrai ivpbs pievocpoovra, 
 Kal Xeyovcrcv on, jierajLekoi avrols, Kal hoKoirj Kpd- 
 Ticrrov elvao irXelv eh $dcnv, eVel rrXola earn, Kal 
 
 37 Karacryeiv rrjv 4>acn,av(bv ^copav. Alrjrov he vlhovs 
 ervyyave /3acriXevcov avrcov. Bevocpcov he direKpl- 
 varo, on ovhev av rovrcov eXiroi els rrjv crrpandv 
 v/jbels he ^vXXe^avres, e<prj, el (BovXeaOe, Xeyere. iv- 
 ravQa diroheiKwrai Tcjuao-ccov 6 Aaphavevs yvcojjirjv 
 ovk iKKXrjcnd^etv, dXXd rovs avrov eKacrrov Xo^ayovs 
 rrpwrov rreipdcrOai rreiQeiv. Kal direXOovres ravr 
 
 67T0L0VV. 
 
BOOK V. CHAP. VII. 143 
 
 Tavra ovv oi (Trparccorai, dveirvOovTO irpaTTOfieva. 7 
 /cal 6 Necov Xeyec, &>9 &evo<baiv avameireiKUts rovs aX- 
 Xovs GTpaTTjyovs hiavoeZrcLL dyetv tovs <tt par loot a<z 
 i^airarrjcra^ irdXiv eh <&dcuv. d/covcravTes B' oi arpa- 2 
 ticotcu ^;aXe7rco? efyepov, /cal ^vXXoyoi iylyvovTO koi 
 kv/cXol ^vviaravTO, /cal fidXa <f)o{3epol rjaav, fir) iron)- 
 creiav, ola /cal tovs tcov KoX^cdv /crjpv/cas eiroirjcrav 
 kcli tov<$ dyopavbfiovs* oaoi yap fir) eh rr)v Qakarrav 
 fcarecpvyov KaTeXevcrOrjcrav. eVel Be r)a6dvero aevo- 3 
 (f)(x)v, eBo^ev avru) &>? TayicrTa ^vvayayelv avTcov uyo- 
 pdv, /cal fir) eacrai ^vXXeyr)vat avro/judrovs ■ /cal e/ce- 
 Xevore tov fc?jpv/ca ^vXXeyeiv dyopdv. oi S' eVel tov 4 
 Kiipvicos rj/covaav, ^vveBpafiov /cal fidXa eToifiw ev- 
 ravOa jEevocpcov tcov fiev CTpaTrjyayv ov Karrjyopet, on 
 rjXOov 7T/30? avrov, Xeyet Be wBe. 
 
 'A/covco Tivd BiafidXXeiv, co avBpes, ifie co? eyco dpa 5 
 e^airarrjo-a^ vfias /jbiXXco dyetv eh ^acrcv. aKovcrare 
 ovv {lov irpb<; Qecov, koX eav fiev eya) fyaivusfLai dBc/cwv, 
 ov yjpr) fie evuevbe aireXueiv irpiv av bco OL/crjv av o 
 vfiiv (fraivcovrai, dBi/cpvvTe$ oi ifie B(,aj3dXXovre<;, ovtcds 
 avrots yjpr)crde coo-7rep d^iov. vfieh B\ e(f>r} } care B}]- 6 
 7rov, oOev ijXios dviayei /cal ottov Sverat, ical on, eav 
 fiev Tt? eh T7]v *EXXd8a fieXXrj levai, irpbs ecnrepav 
 Bel iropeveaQai* r)v Be T£? (3ovXrjTai eh tovs {3ap/3d- 
 povs, rovfiiraXiv irpbs eco. ecrTtv ovv octtis tovto av 
 Bvvairo vfids e^aTrarrjcrai,, go? rjXios evOev fiev dvicr^et, 
 overat be evravua, evua be bverac, avicryei b evrevuev ; 
 dXXa pLrjv /cal tovto ye irricrTacrOe, oti (3opea<$ fiev e%co 
 tov Uovtov eh tj)v 'EXXdBa cj^epec, voto$ Be ecaco eh 
 $ao-Lv y teal XeyeTe, oTav {3oppa<; nrverj, w? icaXol irXol 
 elcriv et? ttjv *E\XdBa. tovto ovv ccttiv otto)? t£? av 
 i)fia<; e^airaTTqcrai, coo-Te efiftalveiv, biroTav votos irverj ; 
 dXXa yap oiroTav yaXrjvr] 17 e/x/3t/3co. ov/covv eyco fiev S 
 ev evl TrXoicp TrXevcrofiai, vfieh Be TOvXdyio~Tov ev 
 
144 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 e/cardv. irws av ovv iyco rj /3iacralpLr)v vjias %vv ipuol 
 
 9 irXelv p,r) fiovXopbevovs i) e^airar^aa^ dyoipn ; iroicb o' 
 vjjlcls i^airarr]6evras /cal /carayo7]rev6evra<; vir ijaov 
 7]/c€cv eh &acriv m /cal Srj /cal diro(3aivopiev eh rrjv ycb- 
 pav yvcocrecrGe hrjirov, on ovk ev rfj 'EXXdSc ecrre' 
 /cal iyco p,ev ecropai 6 e^r]irar7]Kco^ eh, v/ieh he ol itjrj- 
 7rar7]fievoL iyyvs puvplcov eyovre^ oirXa. ircos av ovv 
 eh dvrjp pLaXkov So it] hl/crjv r) ovrco irepl avrov re /cal 
 
 10 vpucbv jSovXevopbevos ; dXX* ovrol elcrcv ol Xoyoi dvhpcov 
 /cal tjXlOlcov /cdpiol cpOovovvrcov, ore iyco vcp 1 vpicbv ripbca- 
 fiai. /calroi ov hacaicos y' av puoi epdovoeev riva yap 
 avrcov iyco /ccoXvco rj Xeyeiv el rh ri dyadbv hvvarai 
 ev vpXv, 7) p^dyeaQai el tls iOeXei virep vpicbv re /cal 
 eavrov, i) iyprjyopevai ire pi rr)<$ vperepas dcrcpaXeia? 
 iirip.eXopievov ; ri yap ; dpyovras alpovpbevcov vpcov 
 iyco nvi ipurohcov elpn ; iraplrjpii, dpyerco ■ pbvov dya- 
 
 11 66v ri iroicov vpias cfiaiveaOco. ciXXd yap ipiol puev 
 dp/cei ire pi rovrcov rd elpr\pukva * el he ris vpicbv r) avrbs 
 i^airarydfjvai av olerai ravra 7) aXXov i^airarr)craL 
 
 12 ravra, Xeycov hihacr/cerco. orav he rovrcov aXis eyrjre, 
 pur] direX6r)re, irplv av dfcovorrjre, olov bpcb ev rfj crrpa- 
 ria. dpyop^evov irpdypia' b el eireicri /cal ecrrai olov 
 virohei/cvvcriv, copa rjpiv j3ovXeveo~6ai virep rjpicbv avrcov 
 p,r) /cd/ciaroi re /cal aXcryicrroi avhpes dirotyaivcopieOa 
 /cal irpb? Qecov /cal irpbs dvOpcoircov /cal cpiXcov icaX 
 
 13 iroXepilcov, /cal /carafypovrjOcbpiev. d/covcravres he ravra 
 ol arparicbrai iOavpaaav re, 6, ri eiy, /cal Xeyeiv e'/ce- 
 Xevov. e/c rovrov dpyerai irdXiv, 'EiricrracrOe irov, 
 ore %copla rjv ev roh opecri /3ap/3api/cd, cfilXia roh 
 Kepacrovvrlois, 88ev /caribvres nvh /cal lepela eircoXovv 
 7]plv /cal aXXa wv elyov, So/covcri Be puoi ical vp^cbv rive? 
 ch rb iyyvrdrco ywpiov rovrcov iX66vres dyopaaavre^ 
 
 14 ri irdXiv direXOelv. rovro /carapbaOcov KXedperog 
 Xoyayb? ore teal pi/cpbv elrj /cal dfyvXa/crov hud ro 
 
BOOK V. CHAP. VII. 145 
 
 <f>l\iov vofiifav ehcu, epxerat, iir avrovs ttJ9 wktos 
 a;? irop6i)a(DV, ovBevl tj/jlcov elirdiv. BcevevorjTO Be, el 15 
 Xdftoi Tohe to yupiov, eh fxev to aTpaTevjua /XTjKeTt 
 eXOelv, e/x{3ds he eh ttXoIov, ev £ eTvyx^vov 0L %v°~ K V- 
 voi auTOV irapaifkeovTes, Kal evdefievos el to \df3oi, 
 diroirXewv oXyeo~^ ai ^S 03 T °£ IIovtov, teal Tama %vvco- 
 fioXoyrjaav avTio ol etc tov ttXolov Gvatcr\voi, a>9 eyco 
 vvv alaOdvofiac. TrapaKaXecras ovv biroaovs eireiOev 16 
 rjyev eVl to yjapiov. iropevopbevov B avTov <f)0avei 
 7]jjbepa yevo/xevrj, /cal 'gvcrTavTes ol dvOpwiroi diro lo~yy- 
 poiv toitwv /3dXXovTe<; /cal nraiovTes tov Te KXedpeTOv 
 anTOKTeivovcn Kal tcjv aXXcov o-vyyovs, ol Be Tives teal 
 eh KepaaovvTa avTayv d7rox^povo~c. TavTa B rjv ev 17 
 TTj fjfjLepq, y rj/jLels Bevpo e^cop/jLOifiev ire'Cfl • tcov Be 
 TrkeovTcov ert Tives rjcrav ev KepaaovvTL, ovirco dvr\yjxe- 
 vol. [xeTa tovto, a)? ol KepaaovvTCot, Xeyovcrcv, d(pt- 
 KVOvvTao tcov etc tov ^copcou Tpeis dvBpes toov yepaiTe- 
 pcov 7rpo9 to tcoLvbv to rnxeTepov %pr]%0VTe<; eXOelv. 
 eirel S' 97/za? ov KaTeXa/3ov, irpbs tovs KepacrovvTiovs 18 
 eXeyov, otl i^avfjuaQocev, tl tj/ilv oo^eiev eXuecv eir av- 
 tovs. eirel fievTOi cr<fieh Xeyeiv, efyacrav, otl ovk dirb 
 kolvov yevoiTO to irpdyfia, r}heo-6ai Te avTov? Kal fieX- 
 Xeiv evOdBe irXelv, go? r\iuv Xe^ai tcl yevbfieva teal tov? 
 veicpovs KeXeveiv avTovs QdiTTeiv Xa(3bvTa<; tovs tovtov 
 Beofjiivovs. tcov S' dirocpvyovTCDV Tives ' EXXtfvcov e.TV- 19 
 yov e.Ti 6We? ev KepaaovvTC alcrObjuevoL Be tovs (Sap- 
 fidpovs ottoi Xoiev avTou Te eToXpurja-av /3dXXetv rot9 
 \1601s Kal toIs a\Xoc<; irapeiceKevovTO. teal ol avBpes 
 dirodvrjatcovai, Tpet? 6We? ol 7rpecr/3et? tcaTaXevo-QevTes. 
 eirel Be tovto eyeveTO, epyo VTai ^po? rj[xa^ ol Kepa- 20 r -' 
 crouvTLOL teal \eyovo~i, to 7rpay/jLa' Kal ^/zet? ol o~Tpa- 
 TTjyol dtcovcravTes rjyQb^eQd Te rofc yeyev^jievoi^ Kal 
 ej3ov\ev6/j,eda %iiv Tot? Kepao-owTtots, 07ra)9 dv Ta<fieL7)- 
 o~av ol tcov 'EWijvcov veKpoL o-vyKaOrjpbevoL S' e'^co6ev2\ 
 
146 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 tcov ottXcov etjalcpvrjs a/covofjiev Qopv/3ov ttoXXov, Hate, 
 Trale, /SdXXe, /3dXXe, leal Taya hi) opcbfiev ttoXXov? 
 irpoaOeovra^ XiOovs eyovTas iv rat? yepcri, tovs Be teal 
 
 22 dvaipovp,evov<;. teal ol pbev Kepacrovvrcpc, co? dv teal 
 ecopateoTes to irap eavrois irpdypia, BelcravTes diroyco- 
 poven 737309 tc\ nrXdla. rjcrav Be vrj Ala teal r)pLcov ol 
 
 23 eBeicrav. iyco ye pJqv rjXOov irpos avTOvs teal r)pcoTcov, 
 6,Ti icrrl to irpdyjia. tcov Be rjcrav fiev o'l ovBev fjBecrav, 
 ojacos Be XiOovs elyov iv Tat? yepcrLv. iirel Be elBoTi tlvI 
 eireTvyov, Xeyei /jlol, oti ol dyopavbpuoi BeivoTaTa ttol- 
 
 24 overt to aTpaTevfia. iv tovtco rt? opa tov dyopavofiov 
 ZrjXapyov 777509 ttjv QdXaTTav diroycopovvTa, zeal dve- 
 Kpayev ol Be a>9 rjteovcrav, coenrep rj crvb<; dyptov rj iXd- 
 
 25 cpov cpavevTos, levTcu iir avTov. ol S' av KepacrovvTiot 
 C09 elBov opficovTas tcaO* avTov<$> craepcos vojii^ovTes iirl 
 crepds tecrdat, cpevyovat, Bpo/nco feal iinriTTTOvcriv et? ttjv 
 QdXaTTav. ^vveLcreireaov Be teal rjjjLcov avTCov Tives, 
 real eirviyeTO octtis velv firj eTvyyavev iiricrTaiievo^.. 
 
 26 teal tovtovs tl BoteeiTe ; r)Bitcow fiev ovBev, eBeicrav Be, 
 pJt] XvTTa Tt? coenrep tevcrlv rjfuv eixTreiTTcoteoi. el ovv 
 TavTa TOiavTa €cttcu, QedaacrOe, oia rj feaTacrTacn,? 
 
 21 fjfuv ecTTao ttjs o~TpaTid<$. vfiels fiev ol 7raVre? ovtc 
 ecreaOe tevpioi ovTe dveXecrOai iroXefiov co dv (SovXrjcrOe 
 ovTe teaTaXvcraiy IBia Be 6 jBovXbfievos d%ei crTpaTevfia 
 icf o,tc dv SeXy. teav Tives Trpbs vfjbds Icocri 7Tpecr(3ei,<s 
 rj elprjvT]? Beofievoc rj dXXov tivqs, teaTaieavbvTes tov- 
 tovs ol fiovXopuevoi, Trouqo-ovcriv v/jlcIs tcov Xoycov jirj 
 
 28 dteovaai tcov 7rpb<; vfids Iovtcov. eireiTa 8e 01)9 jxev dv 
 vpbeis diravTe^ eXrjaOe apypvTas, ev ovSepbia %eopa ecrov- 
 Tai, 6Vt£9 S' dv eavTov eXrjTai aTpaTijybv feal iOeXj) 
 Xeyeiv, BdXXe, (BdXXe, OUT09 eo~Tai Ifeavbs teal dpyovTa 
 feaTareaveiv feal IhicoTrjv bv dv v/icov edeXy d/epcTov, rjv 
 cocriv ol ireicrop^evoi avTco, locnrep teal vvv iyeveTO. 
 
 29 ola Be vfiiv teal BiaTreTrpdyacriv ol avOalpeTOi ovtqi 
 
BOOK V. cnAp. VII. 14:7 
 
 arparr^yol (TKe-^racrOe. ZrfXap^os puev yap 6 dyopavo- 
 /jlos el {iev aSi/cel ujjlols, oXyerai diroirXewv ou hous uplv 
 8t/c7]V el Be fir) dhucel, cpeuyec etc rod o-Tpareufiaros 
 heiaas, p,rj dhlfccos d/cpiros airoOdvr). ol he fcaraXeu- 30 
 aravres rous irpea/3eLS hieirpd^avro u/ncv /llovois puev rcov 
 ^EXXrjvcov eh KepacrGuvra fir] dacpaXes elvai, av p,r) 
 <jvv la^ui d<piKvr)a6e' rous he ve/cpous, ous irpoaOev 
 aiiTOi ol tcaraKavovres eiceXeuov Qdirreiv, rourous hie- 
 irpd^avro fATjSe %uv fcrjpuKia) en dacpaXes elvai dveXe- 
 o~6ai. rt? yap edeXr/crei Kr)pu% levai tcrjpuicas diretCTO- 
 vcos ; dXX* rj/iels KepacrovvTiCDV Qdyjrai aurous eherjOrj- 31 
 fiev. el {iev ovv raura fcaXoos e%ei, hofjdrco up,iv, iva 
 a>9 toioutcov eaojuuevcov icai (puXa/crjv ihiq, iroirjar) ris 
 Kal rd epup,vd uirephe^ia ireipaTai eywv cr/cyvouv. 
 el fievroi v/jlIv hoicel ^Tjptcov, dXXa jit) dv6 pdnrwv elvai 32 
 ra roiaura epya, crKOTrelre irauXdv riva aurcov el Be 
 fir], irpos A cos 7tw? Tj r&eot? Suo~op,ev rjhecos Troiouvres 
 epya acre/3/}, rj iroXep,iois ttcos fjba)(pup,eda, rjv dXXijXous 
 Karafcalvcofiev ; ttoXis he. <piXla ris fjfias hi^erai, r)ris 33 
 av opa T0cravT7]v dvofilav ev rjfilv ; dyopdv he tls d^ei, 
 Qappcov, rjv irepl rd fieyco-ra roiaura e^a/xaprdvovres 
 cpaivcofieOa ; ou he hr) irdvrwv olofieSa reu^eaOai eiral- 
 voUy ris av rjfias roiourous ovras eiraivecreiev ; rjpuecs 
 fiev yap olh' ore rrovrjpous av (pair) /iev elvai, rovs ra 
 roiaura rroiouvras. 
 
 'E/c toutou dviard/xevoi, irdvres eXeyov rous jaev 34 
 rourcov ap^avras houvai hifcrjv, rod he Xoiitov p,7]fcer/, 
 e^elvai dvofxias ap^ac idv he ns ctp^j], dyeaQai au~ 
 rous eirl ^avdrcp" rous he o-rparrjyous els h [teas Trdvras 
 KaracrrrjcraL' elvai, he hltcas Kal el ti dXXo tls r)hiK7]T0 
 i£ ou Kupos direQave' hi^caards he tous Xo)(ayous 
 eiTOirjo-avro. irapaiVGuvros he ^evotpcovros teal tcov 35 
 /jbdvrecov av^ouXeuovrcov eho^e zeal naQr\pai to arpd- 
 revfia. teal eyevero /caOapfios. 
 
148 XENOPHON S. ANABASIS. 
 
 3 "Eho^e he Kal rovs crrparrjyovs hiKrjv virocryeiv rot 
 
 TrapeXrfkvObros yjpovov. Kal hchbvrcov QiXtJctlos fiev 
 cbsfiXe Kal RavO licXi)<; ri)s cpvXaKrjs rwv yavXtKcov %PV~- 
 fidre&v to fieiwfia eiKoai fivas, ^o<palveros he, on dp- 
 yozv aipeOels KarrjfieXec, heKa fivds. nevocptovros he 
 fcaTTiyoprjcrdv rives cpdaKovres iraiecrQai bir avrov Kal 
 
 2 Co? hfipCCpvros rrjv fcaT7]<yopiav eiroiovvro. Kal 6 aevo- 
 ef)cbv dvaerrds i/ceXevcrev elirelv rbv rrpcorov Xe^avra, 
 ttov Kal eirXifyr). 6 he diroKplverai, "Ottov Kal ru> 
 
 3 piyei a7rcoXXvfie6a Kal %id>v TrXelcrrrj rjv. 6 he elirev, 
 *AXXa firjv KaX ^eifiwvbs <ye ovros oiov Xkyeis, crirov 
 he eiriXeXonroTOs, olvov he firfh' borcppalveaOai rrapbv, 
 virb he rrbvcov rroXXcov dirayopevovrcov, iroXefiLcov he 
 iirofievcov, el iv rotovro) Kaipto vfipi'Cpv, bfioXoycb koX 
 rtov ovcov v(3picrrbrepos elvai, oils epaenv virb rrjs 
 
 4 v(3pews koitov ovk eyylyveaQai. oficos he koX Xetjov, 
 ecj)?], eK rlvos eiTXrjyrjS. irbrepov yrovv ere ro koX errei 
 fioi ovk ehihovs eiraiov ; aXX' dirffrovv ; dXXa nrepl 
 
 5 iraihiKwv fiaybfievos ; dXXa fiedvcov errapepvrfcra ; eirel 
 he rovrcov ovhev ecfrrjcrev, eirrfpero avrov, el birXirevoi. 
 ovk e<p7]. iraXiv, ei nreXra^ot. ovoe rovr ecpr], aXX 
 rffiiovov eXavvecv ra-yOels vrrb rcov avcrKijvcov eXevOepos 
 
 6 cov. evravOa hrj avayiyvozcrKei avrov Kal rjpero, ^H crv 
 el 6 rbv Kafivovra dyaycov ; Nal fid Ai , etprj' crv yap 
 7}V ay Kates' rd he rcov ificov crvcrKrjvcDV crKevr) hieppi-^ras. 
 
 7 AXX* 7] fiev hiappL^is, e(pi] o &evoef)iov, roiavrr] ris 
 iyevero. hiehcoKa aXXocs dyeiv Kal eKeXevcra 7rpbs i/ie 
 dirayayelv, Kal aTroXafiebv drravra crwa drrehcoKa croi, 
 eirei Kai crv e\ioi airebei^as rov avopa. oiov be ro 
 
 8 nrpdyjia iyevero aKovcrare, ecf)7] • Kal yap d^iov. dvyp 
 KareXeiirero hid rb fi7]Keri hvvaaQai iropeveaOai. Kal 
 iyco rbv fiev dvhpa rocrovrov iylyvcocrKOv, ore eh rjficov 
 ecr] ' fjvdyKacra he ere rovrov dyeiv, a>$ iitj dirbXoiro * 
 KaX yap, cos eyco olfiai, iroXefiioi tj/mv ecpeiTrovro. 
 
BOOK v. chap. vin. 14:9 
 
 avvecprj tovto 6 avOpooiros. Ovkovv, e^rj o tievocfrcov, 9 
 €7rel irpovirepL'tyd ae, KaTaXafi/3dva) avdis crvv rot? 
 binaOo^vXa^b Trpoatoov /366pov dpvrTovra a>? fcaropv- 
 ^ovra top avOpcoirov, Kal innaTcus eirr\vovv ere. eVet 10 
 Be irapecTTTjKOTcov y/iayv crvveKapb^e to crKekos 6 dvrfp, 
 dveKpayov ol irapovTes, otl £f) 6 dvrjp, crv S' eliras, 
 r Oiroaa ye /3ovXeTac &)? eycoye clvtov ovk a^co. iv- 
 rav0a eiraicrd ere' dXrjOfj Xeyew eSotjas yap fioo 
 6LO0TU eoiKevai, on eyr/. 1 1 ovv ; ecprj, tjttov n aire- 11 
 Oavev, eirel eyd> croc direBei^a clvtov ; Kal yap rjpLets, 
 e<fir] 6 pievocfrwv, vrdvTes diroQavovpueQa' tovtov ovv 
 k'vetca <^6)VTa<^ ?;/xa9 Bel KaTopvyQr\vai ; tovtov /nev 12 
 dve/cpayov irdvTes a>? oXiyas Traiereiev aXXov? S' e/ce- 
 Xev e Xeyeiv, Bid to eKaerTOS eirX^yr]. eirel Be ovk 13 
 dvicTTavTO, auT09 eXeyev, 'Eycb, co avSpes, opuoXoycj 
 iralerai Si] dvBpas evercev aTa^las oerocs erco^eaOac /xev 
 rjpKeu St' rjjuLas, ev Ta^ei Te Iovtcov Kal \xayo\xevwv oirov 
 Beoc, avTol Be XarovTe^ tcls Ta^eis irpoOeovTes dpird- 
 %etv rjOeXov Kal rjfiwv irXeoveKTelv. el Be tovto irdvTes 
 eiroiovpLev, diravTes av a7rcD)wp,e0a. 77877 Be Kal fiaXa- 14 
 KL^o/ievov Ttva Kal ovk eOeXovTa dvlcrTacrOai, dXXa 
 irpolepbevov avTov rot? TroXefiloi^ Kal eiraiera Kal ejBia- 
 crdfiijv TTopeveaOac. ev yap tw ler^vpco yeip,(hvi Kal 
 avTQ? iroTe dvapievcov Tivds crvcrKeva^ofievovs KaQe'Cp- 
 fievos crvyyov yjpovov KaTe\xaQov dvao-Tas fioXis Kal 
 Ta o-KeXrj eKTelva^. ev ifiavTw ovv irelpav XajScov eK 15 
 tovtov Kal aXXov, oiroTe iBotfic KaOrjpbevov Kal /3Aa- 
 KevovTa, rjXavvov to yap KivelaOai Kal dvSpi^ecrOai, 
 irapelye Qepfiacriav Ttva Kal vypoTijTa, to Be KaQr\o~6ai 
 Kal v)o~vylav eyeiv ecopcov virovpyov bv tco Te diro7rrj- 
 yvvadat to al/xa Kal rco aTroo-qireo-Oai tovs twv ttoBcov 
 SaKTvXovs, direp ttoXXovs Kal v/xet? tcrTe iraOovTas. 
 dXXov Be ye tcra)? viroXetTrofievov ttov Bid paaTcovrjv 16 
 Kai KcoXvovTa Kal Lyxa? tovs irpoaQev Kal 77/xa? tov<; 
 
150 XEKOPHOrt ANABASIS. 
 
 o7rco~6ev iropevecrOai erraicra Trv%, ottoo? fir) Xoyyr} {/7rb 
 
 17 TCOV TTOkejjLLCOV TTaiQlTO. Kal ydp OVV VVV 6%€GTIV dV- 
 
 " rot? GteOelcriv, el n vir efiov eiraGov rrapd to Bl/caiov, 
 Bl/ctjv \aj3elv. el S' iirl rots iroXepblois eyevovro, rl 
 fieya av ovtcds enraQov orov Bi/crjv av r)%lovv \afi- 
 
 18 fidveiv ; difkovs fioi, e<pr], 6 \6yo<;. iycb yap el fiev 
 eir ayaOcp e/coXaad rwa, d^iG) vrreyeiv Bl/crjv, oiav Kal 
 yovets viols Kal BiBdcrKaXot iraicrL Kal yap ol larpol 
 
 19 tea iov at teal reiivovcnv err dyaOS. el Be vfipei vofii- 
 
 £ere fie ravra rrpdrrew, evQvfir)Qr\re, ore vvv eyd> 
 Qappcb crvv rols $eo6? fiaXkov rj Tore /cal Qpacrvrepos 
 elfii vvv rj Tore /cal olvov ifkeio) irlvco, dXTC ojicos ov- 
 
 20 Beva rratco • ev evBla yap opco vfia$. orav Be 'yeificbv 
 rj /cal Qdkarra fieydXrj em^)kpr]rai, ov^ Spare, ore /cal 
 
 vevfiaros fibvov eve/ca yakerraivei fiev rrpeppevs rol<$ 
 ev irpchpa, ydXeiraivei Be Kvfiepvr]rr]<; rots ev rrpvfivrf ; 
 i/cavd yap ev rep roiovrco ical fiucpd dfiaprr)9evra rrdv- 
 
 21 7 a Gvveirirpl^fai. ore Be Bacalccs erraiov avrovs /cal 
 vfiels tcareBi/cdcrare rore' e^ovres f/^, ov ^njfyovs, 
 rrapearrjre, /cal e^rjv vfiiv m eiriKovpelv avrols, el ej3ov- 
 XecrOe. dWa fid Ala ovre rovrois eireicovpelre ovre 
 
 22 crvv ifiol rbv dra/crovvra erraiere. roiyapovv i^ovcriav 
 eirouqaare rot? ica/cols avrcov vftpi^eiv ecovres avrovs. 
 olfiai ydp, el eOekere cr/coirelv, robs avrovs evpr]crere 
 
 23 Kal rore KaKiarovs ical vvv v/3pcarordrov<;. Bolctkos 
 yovv 6 7rvfcrr}<; 6 ©erraXos rore fiev Biefidvero C09 
 /cd/ivcov daTTiBa firj cpepecv, vvv B\ co? d/covco, Korvco- 
 
 .l^V-l 24 ptrcov 7roWov<; rjBrj dfroBeBvKev. rjv ovv crco^>povrjre, 
 rovrov rdvavrla rroirjerere rj rov$ /cvvas iroiovcri* rovs 
 fiev yap icvvas rot"? ^dkeirov^ Ta? fiev r)fiepa<; BiBeaai, 
 rds Be vvferas deptdo-c, rovrov Be, i)v aoxppovffre, rr)v 
 25 vv/cra fiev B'/jcrere, rr)v Be i)fiepav d$r)o-ere. dXkd ydp, 
 e$rj, Savfidfo, on, el fiev rivi vfi&v aTrrj^OofirfV, fie- 
 fivrjcrde /cal ov aicdirare, el Be tw rj yei^wva erre/covprfaa 
 
BOOK VI. CHAP. I. 151 
 
 r) irdXefiLOV cvKr\pv^a i) acrOevovvTC r) amopovvTi avvege- 
 TTopiaa ti, tovtcov ovheU /biifivrjTai, ovh' el Tcva koKco*; 
 tl TTOtovvra eTrrjveaa ovh' el tlv' dvhpa ovra dyaObv 
 irl/jb-qaa w? ehvvdfjLrjv, ovhe tovtcov fjii/jLvr/crOe. dXka26 
 firjv kclXov ye Kal hUaiov teal oaiov Kal rjhcov tcov aya- 
 dcov jxaXkov r) tcov kcl/ccov ixepLvrjcrQai. 
 
 'Etc tovtov pbev 8rj aviaravro Kal dve/jblfjuvrjcrKOV. 
 teal irepieyeveTO ware koXcos e%etv. 
 
 BOOK VI. 
 
 HjK tovtov be ev ttj CLCLTpipr) 01 puev a/iro TJ79 1 
 dyopds e^cov, ol he teal XrjL^o/xevoo etc t?}? Ilacfikayovlas. 
 eicXcoirevov Se Kal ol Ha(pXay6ve<; ev fidXa tov$ cltto- 
 cnceSavvv/JLevovs, Kal ty)<; vvjctos he tov? irpocrco ctktj- 
 vovvtcls eireipcovTp KaKovpyelv Kal iroXejiiKcoTaTa 
 7rpo? dXXtfXovs elyov etc tovtcov. 6 Be KopvXa?, o? 2 
 errvyyave TOTe JJacpXayovla^ apycov, irep/irei irapa tov$ 
 "EXXrjvas 7rpeo-j3ei<; eypvTas Xttttovs teal cttoXcls KaXds, 
 XeyovTas, otc KopvXas eTOL/ios elrj tovs ° EXXrjvas jirjTe 
 dhcKelv fJLTjTe ahacelcrOai. ol he crTpaTrjyol direKplvavTO, 3 
 otc Trepl fiev tovtcov ctxjv tj} crTpaTca fiovXevcroiVTo, 
 eirl %evla Be ihe^ovTO civtovs' irapeicakeaav he Kal 
 tcov aXXcov dvhpcov ou? ihoKovv hiKacoTaTovs elvac. 
 QvcravTes he /3o£>? tcov alyjiaXcoT&v Kal aXXa lepela 4 
 evcoyj.av pbev dpKovaav irapelyov. KaTaKelfievoc he ev 
 cTTcfidacv ehelirvoWy Kal eircvov eK KepaTivcov ttottj- 
 plcov, oh eveTvyyavov ev ttj %copa. eVel he crirovhai 5 
 t eyevovTO Kal iTraccovccrav, dveo~T7]crav mpcoTOV fxev 
 Opa/ce? Kal 777309 avXbv copyjqcravTO crvv toI? ottXocs 
 Kal rjXXovTO v^rfka re Kal Kovcfrcos Kal rat? pLayalpai^ 
 eyjpcovTQ ' TeXos he 6 erepo? tov eTepov rralei, tw? nraaiv 
 
152 XENOPHON S ANABASIS. 
 
 iSo/cec ireifXriyevai tov dvhpa' 6 S' eirecre TeyyiKajs 
 
 6 7ra}?. teal avefcpayov ol Ua<fikay6ve<;. Kal 6 puev cr/cv- 
 Xevcras ra oifka tov irepov iljyet clhcov tov ^ZiTakicav 
 aXkoi he tcov ©pciKcov top eTepov e^ecpepov o>? TeOwq- 
 
 7 koto,' rjv he ovhev TreTrovdcos. fieTa tovto Alviaves 
 kal ~NLdyvr\Te<$ dveaTTjcrav, ot copyovvTO ttjv Kapiralav 
 
 8 fcaXovfiivrjv iv tois oifkois. o he Tpbiros t?}? bpyrjcrecos 
 rjv, 6 puev TrapaQe\xevos tcl oifka Girelpei Kal ^evyrfkaTel 
 Trv/cva /x€Tao-Tpe(f)6ijL€VO<; &)? cpofiov/xevos, A^ctt??? he 
 irpocrepyeTai' 6 8' iirevhav TrpothrjTai, diravTa dpird- 
 cras tcl 6if\a Kal fidyeTai irpb tov ^evyovs' Kal ovtoi 
 
 Ta\)T eiTOLOVV iv pvdfACp TTpOS TOV CLVkoV Kal T6/V09 6 
 
 A.?7<xt?;? hrjaas tov dvhpa Kal to ^evyos dirdyei* ivioTe 
 he Kal 6 ^evyrjXaTrjs tov \t)o~t?]v • eiTa irapd tovs /3o0? 
 
 9 ^evi^a? oTTiaco tco % e ^P e hehejuevov eXavvet,. fieTa tovto 
 Mvcrbs elarjXOev iv eKaTepa ttj %etpl €%a)v ireXTrjv, 
 Kal TOTe fiev co? hvo dvTiTaTTOfievcov fjafiovfievo^ cop- 
 %elTO, tot€. he &>? Trpbs eva i^prJTO Tals irekTaLs, TOTe 
 8' ihcveiTO Kal etjeKvfiicrTa eycov tcls ireXTas, cocrTe 
 
 10 oyjriv KaXrjv (paiveaOat. reXo? he to irepaiKov copyeuro 
 Kpovcov ra9 ireXTas, Kal coKXa^e ical i^avlcTTaTO • Kal 
 
 11 TavTa nrdvTa iv pvdfito iirolei irpbs tov avXov. iirl 
 he tovto) iiriovTes ol MavTivels Kal dXXou Tives tcov 
 'ApKahcov dvao-TavTes i^oirXicrdfJbevoi &>? ihvvavTO KaX- 
 Xco-Ta yecrdv re iv pvOfico, irpbs tov ivbnrXiov pvQfibv 
 avXovpbevoi, Kal iiraicovicrav Kal copyfjcravTO cocrirep iv 
 Tals 7rpo? tovs $eoi>9 nrpocrohoLS. bpcovTes he ol Ha- 
 fyXayoves hecva iiroiovvTo Trdcras t<x? op^rjcrei^ iv 
 
 12 o7rXot9 elvai. iirl tovtois opwv 6 M.vo~b^ iKireirKT]- 
 ypievovs avTovs, ireiaas tcov ^ApKahcov tlvcl Treirapuevov 
 bp^-jCTTplha eladyev crKevdtras &)? ihvvaTo KaXkiaTa 
 Kal dairlha hobs K0V(pr]v avTrj. rj he copyjqcraTO irvp- 
 
 13 piXV v iXacppoos. ivTavQa KpoTos 7]v ttoXvs, Kal ol 
 IIacf)\ay6ve<; rjpovTO, el Kal yvvalKes orvve/xd^ovTO av- 
 
 
BOOK VI. CHAP. I. 153 
 
 Tofc. ol S' eXeyov, ore avrac /cal al Tpey^r-dpLevaL elev 
 (SacrLkea e/c rod crrparoTreBou. rfj fiev ovv wktI raurr) 
 
 TOVTO TO T6/V09 iyiveTO. 
 
 Tfj Be vo~Tepala nrpoarjyov avTovs eh to crTpaTevfia' 14 
 /cal eBotje Toh <jTpaTio£>Tai<; /i?]Te dhucelv UafyXayovas 
 [irjTe ahacelaOai. fieTa tovto ol jiev irpecrfieLs coyovTO* 
 ol he "EXXijves, iirecSr] nrXola l/cava eBo/ceL irapelvaL, 
 dva{3dvT€$ eirXeov rj/iepav /cal vv/CTa irvevjxaTL /caXw, 
 ev apiGTepa eyovTes tt\v IIa<pXayovlav. tj) S' dXXrj 15 
 atyacvovvTCLi eh ^lvcdtttjv /cal (hpjulcravTO eh 'Apfirjvrjv 
 T?}? ^ivct)7T7]^. Xivwireh he ol/covaL puev ev Tfj IIacf>Xa- 
 yovL/cfj, MlXtjo-lcov he clttolkol elenv. ovtol Be £evLa 
 Tre/Jbirovcn Toh ff EXXj]cnv dXcpiTcov }iev jmeBl/ivov^ Tpicr- 
 y^Ckiovs, olvov Be /cepd/jua y^ikia, /cal TrevTa/coaLa. 
 /cal Xei / plo~o(f)o<; evTavQa rjXOe Tpnqpr] eyjsv. teal ol fjbev 16 
 aTpaTicoTai TTpoueBotcwv ayovTci tl g^lglv rj/ceiv 6 S' 
 rjye p,ev ovBev, airrjyyeXKe Be, otl eTraivolr} clvtovs /cal 
 'Ava^l/3io<; 6 vavapyps /cal ol clXXol, /cal oti viriayyeiTO 
 'Avo,%ij3lo<;, el acf)ucvocvTO e^o) tov Uovtov, /JLLcrOocfiopdv 
 avToh ecreaOai. /cal ev TavTrj ttj 'Ap/uLrjvr] efieuvav ol 17 
 aTpaTLWTCLi rj/iepas nrevTe. &)? Be tv^ 'EXXdBos iB6- 
 kovv iyyvs yiyveaQai, rjBrj fidXXov rj irpoaOev elcryei, 
 clvtovs, 07T(»? av /cal e^ovTes tl ol/caBe a<fiifccovTCLL. 
 7]yr\<javT0 ovv, el eva cXolvto dpyovTa, pidXXov av rj 18 
 iroXvap-^la^ ovo~r)<? Bvvaadac tov eva %prjcr6aL tg3 aTpa- 
 TevfxaTL /cal vvktos /cal rj/xepa^, /cal el tl BeoL XavOd- 
 veLV, fxaXkov av /cpvirTeaOaL, /cal el tl av BeoL cf)6dveLV, 
 rJTTov av vcTTepiXeiv ov yap av Xoycov Belv 7rpo? dXX?]- 
 Xou?, dXXd to Bo^av tu> evl irepaivecrdaL av tov B' 
 efurpoadev yjpbvov e/c t?}? vl/cwctt]^ eirpaTTov irdvTa ol 
 GTpaTt]yoL ft>? Be TavTa Blcvoovvto, eTpdirovTO eirl 19 
 tov ftevocfrcovTa' /cal ol Xo^ayol eXeyov irpoaLovTe^ 
 avToy, oti 7] GTpaTLa ovtco yLyvcocr/ceL, /cal evvoLav ev- 
 BeL/cvvjJLevo? e/cacrTO<; eireLOev avTov vTroo'TfjvaL ttjv 
 
154 XENOPHON'S ANABASIS. 
 
 20 ap^rjv. o Be aevocpcov Try puev efiovXero ravra, vo-pulr 
 fav ical tt]V TLfirjv fjbei^co ovrco? ylyveo~6ac Kal irpbs 
 rov? cpcXov? Kal eh ttjv ttoXlv rovvop^a p.eltpv dcpi^e- 
 aQai avrov, rv)(bv Be teal dyaOov nvo? av curio? rfj 
 
 21 crrpana yeveaOai. tcl puev Brj roiavra ivOvpLrjpLara 
 errfjpev avrov emOvpuelv avroKpdropa yeveaOat ap- 
 %ovra. birbre S' av ev6v[xolro, on dBrjXov puev iravrl 
 dvOpcoircp, 07TJJ to pueXXov e'<~ei, Bid rovro Be Kal kivBv- 
 vos eli] Kal rrjv it poeipyacr puevrjv Bo^av diro^aXelv, 
 
 22 rjiropetro. Biairopovpbev(p he avrS Sia/cplvat, eBo^e /cpd- 
 Ticrrov elvai roh $eot? dvaKoivcbaai' Kal Trapaar^crd- 
 jjievos Bvo lepela eOvero tco Atl rco f3acnXei, oarrep 
 avrS piavrevrb? r\v e.K AeXcpcov Kal rb ovap Brj dirb 
 rovrov tov 3-eov evopu^ev ecopaKevai, b elBev, ore 
 rjp^ero eirl to avvewipieXeiaOai rr\? crrpana? KaQl- 
 
 23 araaOai. Kal ore e% 'E(jjeo-ov Be (hppiaro Kvpa> 
 avaraOrjaopievo? derbv dvepupLvijcrKero eavra> Be^ibv 
 <p0eyyopt,evov, KaOrjpievov pievroi, wenrep 6 pbdvn? 6 
 TrpoirepLTTCDV avrov eXeyev on pueya? puev oleovb? efaj Kal 
 ovk IBicoriKO? Kal evBo^o?, errlirovo? puevroi' rd yap 
 opvea pudXiara eirirldeaOai rS dercp KaQ^puevcp' ov 
 puevroi ^prjpLariariKov elvai rbv olcovov rbv yap derbv 
 
 24 nrerbpuevov pudXXov Xapufidveiv rd eTrirrjBeia. , ovrco Brj 
 .S-vopAva) avrS Biafyavchs 6 $eo? Gr t puaivei pbrjre rrpoa- 
 BelaOai ttjs dp^fj? p^ijre, el alpolvro, diroBe^eaOai. 
 
 25 rovro puev Brj ovrco? eyevero. rj Be err par id cTvvijXOe, 
 Kal rrdvre? eXeyov eva alpelaOai' Kal eirel rovro eBotje, 
 7rpoe/3dXXovro avrov. eirel Be eBoieei BvjXov elvai, on 
 alprjcrovrai avrov, el n? eVn|r?7<£i£bt, dvearr] Kal eXe^e 
 rdBe. 
 
 26 'Eyoo, co dvBpes, rjBopiai piev virb v/jlcov npLoofievos, 
 eiirep dvOpcoiro? elpu, Kai yapiv €%co Kal ev^opuat, Bov- 
 vai pioi tov? S-eoi)? alnov nvo? vpZv dyaOov yeveaOac 
 rb fievToi, epue rrpoKpi6r\vai virb vpucov dpyovra AaKe- 
 
BOOK VI. CHAP. I. 155 
 
 haifMoviov dvBpbs irapbvTos ovre vpXv pot Bo/cel ctv/jl- 
 <pepov elvai, dX\? rjrrov av Bid tovto Tvyydveiv el tl 
 BeoiaQe Trap avTcov iptol re av ov irdvv tl vopii^co 
 • dor<f)aXe<; elvai tovto. opol) yap, otl teal tj} iraTpiBL 27 
 fjiov ov irpbaOev iiravcravTO iroXepovvTes irplv iirolrjaav 
 Tracrav Ti]V itoXlv bpioXoyelv AaiceBaipLOVLOVs teal avroov 
 fjyepibvas elvai. iirel Be tovto oopoXbyrjcrav, evOi)<; 28 
 eiravaavTO iroXepovvTes ical ovfceTL irepa iiroXibptcrjcrav 
 TT\v itoXlv. el ovv ravTa bpcov iyco Bokoctjv, ottov Bv- 
 vaifirjv, evTavO* dicvpov iroielv to ixeivcov d^ccofza, 
 ifceivo ivvoco, p,r\ Xiav av Tayy aaxppovLaOeirjv. b Be 29 
 vpuels ivvoeiTe, otl tjttov dv o-Tacris elrj evbs dpyovTos 
 i) iroXX&v, ev icrre otl aXXov fxev ekbjievoi ov^ evpr\- 
 crere epbe aTaaid^ovTa' vopii^ca yap, ogtls ev iroXepuq) 
 oov GTacna^ei 77720? apyovra, tovtov irpos tt\v eavTov 
 o-odTTjplav GTaaid^euv edv Be ip,e eXrjaOe, ov/c av 
 QavfidaaifjUL, el Tiva evpoiTe real vpZv /cal ipuol d^db- 
 pievov. 
 
 'Eirel Be Tavra elrre, iroXv irXeloves e^avtcrTavTO 30 
 XiyovTes, &)? Beoi avTov dpy/eiv. 'Ayacrias Be Xtvjjl- 
 cpdXtos elirev, otl yeXolov elrj, el ovtoo? eyoL, el 6p~ 
 yiovvTai Aa/ceBaipibvioi ical.idv avvBeLirvoL o~vveX6bvTe<; 
 pur) Aa/ceBaLpubviov avpuirocrLapyov aipaiVTaL. iirel el 
 ovto) ye tovto eyei, ecprj, ovBe Xo^ayelv r)pZv e^eaTLV, 
 ct>9 eoiicev, otl 'Ap/cdBes iap,ev. ivravOa Brj a)? ev 
 elirbvTos tov 'Ayaalov dve6opv/3r}aav. teal 6 ^,evocj)cbv3i 
 iirel ecopa irXeiovo<; ivBeov, irapeXOcov elirev, 'AXX\ w 
 avBpes, ecf)7], CO? irdvv elBrJTe, bp^vvco vpXv &eov<$ irdvTa<$ 
 /cal irdo-as, r) p,7]v iyco, iirel tt)v vpLerepav yvcopurjv r)a6a- 
 vopLTjv, iQvbp/qv, el j3e\Ttov elrj vpuiv re i/aol iiTLTpeilrai 
 TavTTjv tt)v dp^rjv Kal ipuol vTrocFTrjvaL • ical puoi ol &eol 
 outo)? ev rot? lepois iaijpurjvav. ware Kal IBlcottjv dv^^^ 1 "^ 
 yvcovaL, otl TavTrjs tt}? fiovap^la^ dire^eaOai pie Bel. 
 ovto) Br] Xecplaocpov aipovvTai. XeLpiao<fio<> S' €7rel32 
 
156 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 rjpidrj, 7rapeX0o)v elirev, *AXX\ co avBpes, tovto fiev tare, 
 on ovo av eycoye ecrracna^ov, ei aXXov etXeaoe' &evo- 
 <pd)vra fiivroL, e(f)7], oovrjcrare ov% eXo/jbevov &>? Kal vvv 
 Ae^nriros rjBr/ Bie/3aXXev avrov Trpo? 'Avatjifiiov 6, re 
 iBvvaro Kal fjuaka ifiod avrov o~iydt,ovro<;. 6 3' e(f)7j 
 vofil^ecv avrov Ti/jbaalcovo fidXXov awdpyeiv eQeXrjaai 
 AapBavel ovn rod KXedpyov arparevfiaro^ rj eavroo 
 
 33 Ad/cave ovn. eVel [xevroi e/xe eXXeaOe, e^rj, Kal eyoo 
 TTeipdaojJbaL 6, n av Bvvoojxai vjjlcls dyadbv iroielv. Kal 
 vjjLels ovrco rrapacr/cevd^eaOe 009 avpiov, lav irXods y, 
 dva^6[ievoi' 6 Be 7rXod<$ earai eh Hpd/ckeiav dmav- 
 ra? ovv Bel eKelcre rreipaaQai Karao-yelv ra K aXXa, 
 irreiSdv eKelcre eXOco/xev, (BovXevaopLeOa. 
 
 2 'EvredOev rfj vo-repaia dvayopbevoi irvev/iari eirXeov 
 
 koXw rj/jbipas Bvo irapa yr)v. teal iraparrXeovre^ eOeoo- 
 povv nqv re "lacoviav d/crrjV, evOa r) 'Apyoo Xeyerac 
 op/JLLcraaOai, Kal roov rrorafioiv ra arofjiara, rrpwrov 
 jjiev rod @eppLcio8ovro<;, erreira he rod "Iptos, errecra Be 
 rod r/ AXvos, fierd Be rodrov rod IJapOeviov rodrov Be 
 iraparrXevaavre^ d^tKovro eh HpdxXeiav, itoXlv r EX- 
 XrjvlBa, Meyapecov o/koikov, ovaav 8' iv rfj Mapcav- 
 
 2 Bvvcov yospa. Kal copjxccravro rrapa rfj AyepovaidBi 
 Xeppovrjcrq), evOa Xiyerac 6 'Hpa/cXfjs eirl rbv Kep- 
 j3epov fevva tcarafiijvai, y vvv ra o-rjfieca BeiKvvovcri 
 t?}? /cara/3 dcrecos, rb (3d6o<$ irXeov rj eirl Bvo crrdBca. 
 
 3 evradQa roh "EXXrjcriv 01 'HpaKXecorac %evia ire/jb- 
 ttovctlv dX(f)irct)V jJLeBipbvovs rpiayiXiOv^ Kal ocvov Kepd- 
 fita Bia^iXia Kal /3o0? ecKocn, Kal oh e/carov. evradQa 
 Bid rod rreBLov pel irorapLos Avkos ovop,a, evpos co? Bvo 
 irXe6pcov. 
 
 4 01 Be crrpariwrai crvXXeyevres efiovXevovro rr)v 
 Xoiirrjv iropelav rrbrepov Kara yr)v r) Kara BdXarrav 
 %pr} rropevdrjvaL eK rod Tlovrov. dvacrrds Be Avkcov 
 ^Ayaibs elwe, ©avfJbd^co [iev, c5 avBpes, roov crrparr)yoov t 
 
BOOK VI. CHAP. II. 1 57 
 
 ore ov ueipwvrai r)filv eKiropl^eiv aiT7]pecnov rd fiev 
 yap %evia ov fir) yevrjrai, rfj arparca rptcov f/fiepcov 
 criTia' - birbQev 8' eino'irio-dfievoL rropevaofieda ovic 
 eariv, €(f>r}. ifiol ovv hoKel alrelv tou? 'HpaKXecora^ 
 fir) eXarrov r) rpto-^CXiov^ kv^iktjvov^' aXXos 8' et7re 5 
 fir) eXarrov rj fivplovs' Kal eXofievovs 7rpecr/3et? avrUa 
 fjuaXa rifiwv KaOrjfievcov rrefnreiv 7rpo? rr)v ttoXlv, Kal 
 elhevai o, re av dirayyeKKwcri, Kal irpos ravra /3ov- 
 XeveaOac. evrevOev 7rpov/3dXXovro irpeo-jBei? irpwrov 6 
 fiev Xecplaocpov, ore dpywv fjprjro, elal S' o't /cat Hevo- 
 <p(bvra. ol he lo")(yp(b$ direfidyovro • dfufyolv 'yap ravra 
 ihoKec fir) avcvy/cd^eiv ttoXlv 'EXXijvlha kal (ptXiav o, re 
 fir) avrol edeXovres hiholev. eirel 8' ovroi ehoKovv 7 
 dirpoOvfioi elvai, rrefiirovai AvKcova ' Ayatbv Kal KaX- 
 Xlfiayov Uappdcuov Kal 'Ayaeriav XrvfifydXiov. ovtol 
 ikdovres eXeyov ra hehoyfieva- rbv he AvKcova efyacrav 
 Kal eir air euXelv, el fir) Troirjcrocev ravra. aKovaavres 8 
 £' ol 'HpaKXecorai, (BovXevaeaOai e<f>acrav Kal evOvs 
 rd re yjprffiara Ik t&v dypoov avvr)yov Kal rr)v dyopdv 
 el'aco dveaKevacrav, Kal al rrvXao eKeKXetvro Kal errl 
 rebv reiyjhv brrXa ecpalvero. 
 
 'Ek rovrov ol rapd^avres ravra rovs arparriyovs 9 
 rjnoovro hiafyOeipeuv rr)v irpa^tv Kal o~vvio~ravro ol 
 ^ApKahe? Kal ol ^Ayaioi' rrpoeuar^KeL he fidXuara av- 
 rcov K.aXXifia'Xps re 6 Tlappdcrios Kal Avkcov 6 ' Ayaio<$. 
 ol he Xbyoi r)crav avrocs, <&? ala^pbv ecr) dpyeiv eva 10 
 ' 'AOrjvalov UeXoirovviqalcov Kal AaKehacfiovtcov, firjhe- 
 aiav hvvafiiv rrape^ofievov eh rr)v arpandv, Kal rovs 
 nev ttovovs o-<f>a<s e^eiv, rd he Kephrj aXXovs, Kal ravra 
 rr)v acorrfplav cr(f)(bv Kareipyaafiivcov elvai <ydp rovs 
 Kareipyao-fievov? 'ApKahas Kal ' Ayaiovs, rb S' aXXo 
 arparevfia ovhev elvai. Kal rjv he rfj dXrjOela virep 
 rjfjbio-v rod oXov crrparevfiaros ^ApKahes Kal ^AyaioL 
 €v ovv crco(f)povoLev ovroc, crvardvre<; Kal err par^y ov<; 11 
 
158 XENOPHOn's ANABASIS. 
 
 kXojievoo eavrcov icaO* eavrovs av rrjv iropelav ttoloIvto 
 
 12 kclI ireipcpvTO dyadov n Xa/ifidvecv. ravr eho^e • kcli 
 aTToXnrovTe? Xetplcrocpov el nves rjaav Trap* avrS 
 Ap/cdhes rf * AyaioX teal Bevocfcoovra crvvecrTrjcrav teal 
 crTparrjyovs alpovvrai iavrcov hetca' tovtovs he eyjrr]- 
 tyicravTO etc rrjs vt/ccocrrjs 6, n hoKolrj, tovto irocelv, 
 7] [lev ovv rod iravrbs apyr\ Xecpcaocfxp evravda /care- 
 Xv6rj rjfiepa etcrr) rj efihofir) ad) 979 ypedr). 
 
 13 ttevo<fioov pbivroi efiovXero kowtj puer avrov rrjv 
 iropelav iroielcjQai, vopul^cov ovtcds dcrcpaXearepov elvai 
 rj Ihla eicaaTOV crreWecrdai, • dXXd Necov eireiQev avrov 
 fcaO' avrov iropeveaQai, afcovaas rod Xeipiab^ov, on 
 KXeavhpos 6 ev Bv^avrlq) dp/jLocrrrjs (pair) rpcijpeos eywv 
 
 lirj^etv els KdXirr]s Xifieva' ottcos ovv firjheXs fMerdcryoc, 
 dXX avroX zeal 01 avrcov arpan&rao etcirXevaeiav eiri 
 rebv rpirjpcDV, hid ravra avvej3ovXeve. KaX Xeiplo-o- 
 (f)os, djxa fjuev dOvpicov rots yeyevrj/ievocs, dfia he [liawv 
 etc rovrov to crrpdrevpia, emrpeireo avru> iroielv 6, to 
 
 15 (BovXerau. ftevo^wv he en [xev eireyelpr\crev diraX- 
 XayeXs tt}? ar par ids eKirXevaai • S-vopbevcp he avra) ra> 
 rjyefiovi 'HpatcXel real KOivovfxevcp, rrorepa Xwov KaX 
 dfxeivov ei7] arpareveaOai eyovTi robs irapajielvavras 
 tcov crrparicorcov r) aTraXXd,rrecr0ai, eo-r\pwr\vev 6 3-ebs 
 
 16 rols lepols avarpareveaOai. ovrco ylyverao rb arpd- 
 revpia Tpi^rj, ^ApKahes puev teal ^ AyaioX ifXelovs rj re- 
 TpaKio-yjbhioi KaX .irevraKoaiOi, birXlrai irdvres, Xecpc- 
 (7006) 8' birXlrai fjiev eh rerpaKoalovs teal %iXiovs, 
 rreXraaraX he eh eirraKoalovs, ol KXedp%ov Spa tees, 
 'Bevo<pcovri he OTrXlrai^jJiev eh eirraKoalovs /cal %iXlovs, 
 nreXracrraX he eh rptaKoa lows' Ittttlkov he fiovos ovtos 
 elyev, dfjb(f)X reTTapd/cGVTa L7r7reas. 
 
 17 KaX ol jjuev 'Apfcdhe? hiaTrpa^dpievoi TrXoia irapa 
 to)v 'Hpa/cXecoToov Trpcoroi, irXeovcnv, ottcds e^alcfrvrjs 
 eiTiTTecrovTes rocs BoOvvols Xdfioiev on irXelara' KaX 
 
BOOK VI. CHAP. III. 159 
 
 amoftaivovcnv eh KaXirr}^ Xiyukva Kara fiecrov 7tg)? t?}<? 
 Opa/cr]?. XecpLcrcxfios S' evOvs dirb t?}? iroXews tgov 18 
 * H pa/cXecDToov ap^dfievos ire^fj eiropevero Bia r?}? %c£- 
 £>&? • enrel Be eh t?)i> Opafcrjv eveftaXe, irapd rrjv S-dXar- 
 rav pec koX yap JjBtj rjadevei. aevocpcov Be TrXocald 
 Xa(3aiv diroftaivei eirl ra opia ttjs Opdfcr]<; koX t?}? 
 1 Hpa/cXeG)Ti,Bo<; icai Bia juLecroyalas eiropevero. 
 
 *Ov [iev ovv rpbirov r\ re XeLpccrbtpov dp^r) rod 3 
 Travrbs KCLTeXvOrj koX t&v r EXXi]vcov to crrpdrev/jLa 
 ea-^lcrOri ev roh eirdvco elprjrai^] "Eirpa^av 6" avTciov 
 e/cacrroi, rdBe. ol fjuev ^ApicdBes co? direfiTjaav vvjctos 2 
 eh KdXirr}^ Xtfxeva, iropevovrai eh rds TrpcoTce? /cco/mas, 
 araBia dirb QaXdrrT)? a>? rpidfcovTa. eirel Be <£&>? 
 eyevero, rjyev efcacrros arpciTTjybs to avrov Aa^o? iirl 
 Kcbfirjv birola Be fxel^wv eBoKet elvai avvBuo Ao^ol"? 
 rjyov ol o-TpaT7]yoL o~vve(3d\ovTO Be icai Xocpov, eh bv 3 
 Beou TTavras dXl^eaOac /ecu are e^aL<pvr)<; eTmrecrovTes 
 dvBpaTroBd re iroXXa eXafiov koX 7rpoj3ara iroXXa ire- 
 piefidXovTO. ol Be Opa/ces rjQpoiCpvro ol Biafyevyovres' 4 
 woXXol Be Bce<pevyov 7reXrao-ral 6We? oTrAtVa? i% av- 
 tcjv royv %etpcbv. eVel Be avveXeyrjcrav, Trpoorov fiev rS 
 %p,ifcpr}TO<> X6%(p ei»09 rcov ^AptcdBcov arparyycov dirt- 
 ovti rjBrj eh to crvy/ceifievov teal TroXXd ^pij/iara dyovri 
 eiriTiQevTai. teal re&)? fiev epbdyovTo d/xa iropevbpuevoi 5 
 ol "EXXrjves, eirl Be Bia/3do-eo %apdBpas TpeizovTai ah- 
 tov<z, zeal ahrbv re rbv ^fii/cpTjTa diroKTivvvacn koX 
 tovs aXXovs TrdvTas • aXXov Be Xc^ov rebv Be/ca crrpa- 
 rrjywv rod 'HyrjcrdvBpov bfcrco [ibvovs KareXiTrov /cal 
 auT09 'Hyrjo-avBpos eacodr]. icai ol dXXoi pblv Xo^ayol 6 
 avvrjXOov ol [xev avv irpdyjmacnv ol Be avev irpayjjid- 
 tcov ol Be @pa/ce? eirel evrv^aav tovto to evrv- 
 XVf 101 ' o-vve/36cQV re aXA^Aov? koX avveXeyovro ippco- 
 
 fjieVCOS T/}? VVKTOS. KoX CLfia l]\xkpCi KVfcX(p TTGfl TOV 
 
 Xbefrov, evOa ol "EXXrjves earparoTreBevovTO, erdrrovro 
 
160 XENOPHON S ANABASIS. 
 
 /cal lirTrels woXXol kclI irekTacrral, /cal del ifkeioves 
 
 7 crweppeov /cal irpoaefBaXXov irpbs tovs oirXlras dacpa- 
 Xcos • ol piev yap "EXXqves ovre to^ottjv el^pv ovre 
 aKOVTKJTTjv ovre lirirea ■ ol he 7rpocr6eovres /cal irpocre- 
 Xavvovres rjKOVTi^ov 6it6t6 he avrois eirioiev, pahicos 
 
 8 direcpevyov dXXot he aXXy eireriQevTO. /cal tcov puev 
 iroXXol eriTpcocncovTO, tcov Be ovhels' ware tavr)6i)vcu, 
 ov/c ehvvavTO etc rod ^copiov, dXXa TeXevTcovTes /cal 
 
 9 anro tov vhaTos elpyov ai/TOvs ol @pa/ces. iirel he 
 diropia iroXXr) r)v, hieXeyovTO irepl crirovhcov /cal ra 
 jiev dXXa cbfioXoyrjTO avTols, opur^povs he ov/c ehihocrav 
 ol Spa/ces alrovvrcov tcov ' EXXijvcov, dXX iv tovtco 
 la^ero. ra puev hr) tcov ' 'Ap/cdhcov ovtcos et^e. 
 
 10 Xecplcrocpos he dcrcpaXcos Tropevoptevos nrapd QaXar- 
 rav dcpt/cveiTCU eh KdXirrjs Xipueva. tlevocpcovTi he hid 
 ttjs puecroyaias iropevopbevco ol lirirels irpo/caTaQeovTes 
 evTvyydvovcn 7rpearj3vTCU<$ iropevopbevots iroi. /ecu eVel 
 r\yQi)(jav irapd Zevocpcovra, epcora avTovs, el irov 
 
 11 f\Q-Qr\vTai ciXXov aTpaTevpuaros ovtos 'EXXtjvi/cov. ol 
 he eXeyov irdvra tcl yeyevrjpieva, /ecu vvv ore nroXiop- 
 kovvtcli e7rl Xocpov, ol he Opa/ces irdvTes irepuce/cvKXco- 
 fjuevoi elev avTovs. evTavOa tovs fiev dvQ pcoTrovs rov- 
 tovs icpiiXarrev IcT^vpcos, oitcos rjyepioves elev oitoi heot,' 
 ct/cottovs he /caraaro]o-a<; avveXe^e tovs err par cobras /cal 
 
 12 eXe^ev, 'Avhpes arparicoTai, tcov 'Ap/cdhcov ol puev 
 redvacTLv, ol he XolttoI eirl Xocpov tlvos TrdXiop/covvrai. 
 vopLL^co S' eycoye, el e/celvoL diroXovvrai, ovV rjpZv elvai 
 ovhepuiav acoTTjplav, ovrco piev 7ToXXcov ovtcov TroXepLtcov, 
 
 13 ovtco he Tedapprjtcorcov. /cpdrccrTOV ovv 7)p2v cos ^dyi- 
 ara ftorjdelv tols dvhpdauv, oircos, el en elal ctcool, ctvv 
 e/celvots fiasco fie9 a /cal pJ] puovoi XeifyOevres p^bvoi ica\ 
 
 14 KLvhvvevcopLev. vvv piev ovv o-TparoirehevcrcbpieOa irpoeX-' 
 Oovres ocrov dv ho/cPj icaipbs elvac els to heiTrvoiroiel- 
 Q-6ai' ecos h' dv iropevcbpLeOa, TipiacrLcov eywv tovs 
 
BOOK VI. CHAP. III. 161 
 
 linrels irpoekavverco i(f)opcbv rjpuds, /cal a/coireiTco ra 
 eparpoaOev, &)9 p,rjhev r/fia$ Xd0rj. irapeirepL^e he /cal 15 
 tojv yupvrjTcov dvOpdoTrovs ev^covovs els tcc irXdyia /cal 
 els ra drcpa, ottcds, el irov tl iroOev tcaOopcpev, criqpal- 
 vocev e/ceXeve he tcaieiv diravra orw evTvyydvoiev /cau- 
 aificp ' 7jp,eis yap dirohpatrjpiev dv ouhapuol evQevhe. 
 ttoXXtj fiev yap, e<pr), els t Hpd/cXeiav irtiXiv dirievai, 16 
 7toWt] he els Xpvao7ro\cv hceXOelv ol he iroXepuou 
 irXrialov els KdX7rrjs he Xtpueva, evda Xeiplaofpov el- 
 icd^opuev elvat, el aeacoarac, eXa%io~Tr) ohos. dXXd hrj 
 i/cel fiev ovre irXola ecrnv, ols diroirXevaoypbeOa, puevovat 
 he avrou ovhe puds rjpiepas earo rd eTrcTrjheca. toiv he 17 
 iroXtopKovpbevwv diroXopLevcov <jvv toIs Xeipcaocfxiv pt,6- 
 vois /cd/ctov ean hia/civhvveveiv r) Tcovhe crwOevTwv 
 irdvTas els tclvtov eXOovTas /cocvfj ttjs crcDTrjpias e^e- 
 o~6at. dXXd %pr) TrapaatcevacrapLevovs ttjv yvd>pLrjv 
 iropeveadau, d>s vvv rj ev/cXecos TeXeuTrjaat earcv rj 
 KaXXiGTOv epyov epydaacrQai "EXXrjvas toctovtovs 
 acocravTas. /cal 6 Qebs tacos dyei ovtcos, 09 tovs pueya- 18 
 XrjyoprjcravTas C09 irXeov (ppovovvTas Taireivojorab /3ov- 
 Xercu, r)pid<; he tovs dirb &ewv dp^opuevovs evrcpiOTe- 
 ' povs e/celvcov Karao-Tr/crai. dXX* eireadau ^prj /cal 
 irpoae^etv tov vovv, d>s dv to irapayyeXXopuevov huvrj- 
 crde iTOielv. 
 
 Tuvt elircov r)yetTO. ol h' lirireis hiao~Treipbp,evoi 19 
 e^>' b'crov /caXcos el^ev e/caiov y ejBdhi^ov, ical ol ireXTa- 
 o~Tal eirarapiovTes Kara Ta d/cpa eicaiov irdvTa ocra 
 KavaipLCL ecbpcov, /cal r) GTpouTid he, €i tivi TrapaXenvo- 
 pLevcp evTvyydvoiev ' cocrTe irdaa r) yd>pa aWeaOai eho- 
 Kei teal to GTpdTevpLa, 7roXv elvat. eirel he copa r)v, 20 
 KaTecrT paTOirehevcravTO eiri Xocf)ov eicfidvTes, /cal Ta Te 
 T(bv TToXepulcov Trvpd ecopcov, dizelyov he o>9 TeTTapd- 
 KOVTa GTahtovs, ical avTol 0)9 ehvvavTO irXelcrTa irvpd 
 eicaiov. eirel he ehelirvrjaav Ta^iaTa, iraprjyyeXdr] Ta 21 
 
162 xen-ophon's. anabasis. 
 
 7rvpa KaTacrfievvvvai, iravra. /cat ttjv fiev vv/cra <f)V' 
 Xafcas iTOL^ordixevoi eKaOevBov • d/xa Be rrj yftepa irpoa- 
 ev^dp.evoi rot? $eot? Kal o-WTa^d/xevoc &>? els f^dyTjv 
 
 22 iiropevovTO y eBvvavTO rd^Ldra. Tc/xacrLcov Be Kal ol 
 t7T7ret? evoz^re? tov<; qye/xova? Kal irpoekavvovres ekdv- 
 Qavov avTOvs eirl ra> \6<pG) yevofievoi, evQa eVoAxop- 
 kovvto ol r/ EXk7]ve$. Kal ov% opwcriv ovre <f)l\iov 
 GTpdTevjJLa ovre TroXefMov, Kal ravra dirayyeKKovau 
 7rpo? tov &evo<p(ovTa Kal to crrpdrevpLa, ypdBca Be Kal 
 yepovTia Kal 7rp6/3ara oXtya Kal /3ovs KaTaXeXeipu- 
 
 23 pL€vov<$. Kal to p,ev irpoiTov ^avpua t}v, tl ecrj to <yeye- 
 vijfievov, €7T€LTa Be kol t6)V KaTaXeXeL/jL/ievcov eirvvOd- 
 vovto, oti ol fiev @pa/ces ev6v$ d(j) ecrirepas w^ovto 
 diviovTes, ecoOev Be /cal tovs ° EXkrjvas ecfracrav ot%e- 
 crOau • oitov Be, ' ov/c elBevai. 
 
 24 TavTa aKovaavTes ol afi<J)l RevocficovTa, eirel r)pL- 
 aTTjcrav, crvaKevaad/JLevoL eiropevovTO, j3ov\6p,evoL a>? 
 TayicrTa crvfifil^ao tols dWoLS eh K.dXiT7}s "kifieva. 
 Kal iropevopbevoi ecopcov tov cttl/Sov tcov 'Ap/cdhwv /cal 
 * Ayaiwv /card ttjv eirl KaXirrj^ 6B6v. eirel Be d<fii/covTO 
 els to avTO, dcrfievol Te elBov dXkrj\ov$ /cal rjaird^ovTO 
 
 25 wairep dBe\<fcov$. /cal eirvvOdvovTO ol 'Ap/cdSes tS)V ' 
 irepl aevocpcovTa, tl Ta nrvpd KaTaa^eaeuav' r)p,e2$ fiev 
 ydp, ecfracrav, (popueOa vfias to puev 7rpwTov, eiretBrj to, 
 Trvpd ov% ecopcopLev, ttjs vvktos rfeeiv eirl Tovs+roXe- 
 fjLLovs* /cal ol TroXepuoL Be, C09 ye 7]pXv IBokovv, tovto 
 Belo-avTes aTrrjKOov cr^eBov yap dfi<$>l tovtov tov 
 
 2G yj)ovov diryecrav. enrel Be ov/c d(f)ifcecr6e, 6 Be %p6vo$ 
 e^rj/cev, cpopueOa vp,d<$ irvOopuevovs Ta Trap ^pZv <fio/37]- 
 QevTas olyeaOai diroBpdvTas eirl 3-dXaTTav Kal eB6/ce& 
 rjfilv fjLT] diroXiireaOaL v/xcov. ovtcds ovv Kal rjfiels 
 Bevpo eiropevOrjiiev. 
 
 4 TavT7]v pbev ovv tt)V rjfiepav avTod tjvXl^ovto e7rl 
 
 tov alyuaXov 7rpbs t&> Xtpuevi. to Be ywpiov tovto, b 
 
BOOK VI. CHAP. IV. 163 
 
 KaXeirai KdXirTi^ Xifirjv, earo piev iv rfj Opa/crj rfj iv 
 ttj 'Acrici' ap^afjuevr) Be rj ©pa/crj avrrj iarlv dirb tov 
 o-TOfiaros tov IIovtov p^eyjpi 'Hpa/cXeias iirl Bc^td eh 
 tov IIovtov elcrirXeovTt. kcu rprfpet puev eo-rcv eh 2 
 'HpdfcXeLciv etc Bv^avrlov koottcus rj/jbipa^ /JLciXa \xatcpas 
 7rXov<;' ev Be tco p>eo~(o ahXr} puev 7roX-t? ovBepLta ovre 
 fyiXia ovre 'EXXrjvh, dXXd @pa/ce<; BiOvvot' kcu 01)? 
 av Xd^coat tcov 'EXXtfvcov rj eKiriirTOvras rj aXXcos 7T&J? 
 Betvd vftpi^eiv XeyovTac toi>? "EXXtjvcis. 6 Be Kakiriys 3 
 Xipurjv ev fJbeaw puev KetTcu e/carepcodev irXeovTCiov e'£ 
 c Hpa/c\eias kcu Bv^avriov, ecrro 6" ev rfj QaXaTTTj 
 TrpofceLfievov ywpiov, to fxev eh tt)v SdXarrav rcadfj/cov 
 avTou irerpa diroppco^, injro? 07777 eXd^icrrov ov puetov 
 eLKOcriv opyviwv, 6 Be abyjqv 6 eh tt)v y?]V dvij/ccov tov 
 %copLOV [JbdXicrTa TeTTapcov irXeOpwv to evpo?' to 6° 
 evTos tov av")(evo<$ ywpiov Ikcvvqv fivpiocs dv6pd>7roi<$ 
 olfcrjcrcu. Xifirjv S' vtt avTjj ttj ireTpa to irpbs eaire- 4 
 pav alyiaXfiv e^cov. fcpijvrj Be yBeos vBcitos kcu d<p6o- 
 vos peovcra iir avTy tjj QaXaTTr) vtto ttj inriKpaTeia 
 tov ^coplov. tjvXa Be 7roXXd puev real aXXa, irdvv Be 
 7roXXd kol KaXd vav7T7)yr)cnpLa iir avTrj tjj QaXaTTy. 
 to Be opos to ev tw Xip^evi eh fiecrbyaiav puev dvrjtcet, 5 
 baov eVl eiKocrc (ttclBiovs, kcu tovto <yecoSe? kol aXc- 
 Oov to Be Trapq^&dXaTTCiv irXeov 7) eirl eiKoai gtcl- 
 Blovs Bacrv 7toAao£? kcu iravToBairoh kcu pueydXois 
 %vXoi<;. 7] Be aKXt] yd>pcu kcCXtj kcu iroXXij, kcu Kcopucu 6 
 ev avTrj elcri 7roXXcu kcu ev ol/covfievac <pepei yap 7) 
 yy) /ecu /cpidds koX 7rvpov<; /ecu oairpici irdvTCL kcu fieXl- 
 va$ kcu crrjo-a[ia kcu crvica dpKovvTa kcu dpLTreXovs 
 iroXXds kcu rjBvoivovs kcu TaXXci irdvTa irXrjv eXcucov. 
 7) jjbev yoapct rjv TOtavTT]. eaKr\vovv Be ev ro3 alycaXa) 7 
 7rpo9 Trj QaXuTTTj' eh Be to nT6Xaj[ia dv yevo/xevov 
 ovk e/3ovXovTO aTpaTOireBeveaOai, dXXd iBoKec kol to 
 eX6elv evTCivOa e£ i7Tij3ovXr)<> elvcu, fiovXofjLevcov tlvcov 
 
164 XENOPHOX'S ANABASIS. 
 
 5 KCL70LKl(7aL TTOklV. TCOV yap (TTpaTLCOTCOV Oi 7rXeL(jT0l 
 
 i]crav ou crrrdvec fiiov eKirerrXevKores irrl ravrrjv ttjv 
 pccrOocbopdv, dWa ri]v Kvpov aperijv a/covovres, ol fiev 
 teal dvCpa<$ dyovres, ol ce koX rrpocravrfKwKore^ XP 7 1~ 
 para, Kal rovrojv erepoi dirooeopaKores irarepa^ Kal 
 prjrepa^, ol Ce Kal re/cva KaraXiirovres co? ypijpLar 
 avrois KrrjcrdpevoL i]£ovres rrdXcv, aKOVOvres Kal robs 
 dWov? rov$ rrapd Kvpcp TroWd Kal dyadd rrpdrreiv. 
 tolovtol ovv 6We? eirodovv ei? ttjv ' EXkdBa aco^ecrOai. 
 
 9 'Ettelc?] Ce vcrrepa rj/xepa eyevero t?;? et? ravrbv 
 crvvoCov, ear i^oCoj eOvero tievocbcbv dvdytcr) yap r\v 
 errl rd imrrjCeia e^dyecv eirevoei Be Kal robs veKpovs 
 Qdirretv. errel Be rd lepd KaXd eyevero, elirovro Kal 
 ol 'ApKaCes, Kal robs pev veKpobs robs ifXelcrrovs ev- 
 Oarrep errecrov eKacrrovs eOa-^rav 77877 yap rjcrav rrepb- 
 rrraloi Kal ov)/ olbv re dvaipelv en tjv evlovs he robs 
 Ik row ocojv crvveveyKovres eda-^rav Ik row virapyovrwv 
 co? ecvvavro KaXkucrra' ovs Ce p,r) evpicrKov] Kevord^iov 
 
 10 avroii eTrolrjcrav peya, Kal o~recj)dvovs erreQecrav. ravra 
 Be TTOLrjaavres dveydpriGav irrl rb arparoireBov. Kal 
 rbre puev Benrvqcravres eKOLprfdrjcrav. rfj he vcrrepaia 
 crvvf]\6ov ol crrparcwrai rrdvres' o~vvr\ye he pbdXicrra 
 "Ayacrias [re] Xrvp<bd\ios Xo^aybs Kal 'Iepcovvpios 
 'HXelos Xoyayos Kal [ol] dXXoi ol nrpecrfivraroi roiv 
 
 11 ' ApKaccov. Kal Coy pa eironqcravro, eav rts rov Xolitov 
 pLvrjarOf) oiya rb crrpdrevp,a rroielv, Qavdro? avrbv £77- 
 piovaOoii, Kal Kara ydypav dmevai yrrep rrpoaOev elye 
 rb arpdrevpa Kal dpyeiv rov? rrpocrvev crrparrjyovs. 
 Kal Xetplao(pos p.ev 77877 rereXevrr\Kei cfcdppaKov mcov 
 TTvperrwv rd 8' Ikclvov Neant ^Aaivalos rrapeXafie. 
 
 12 Merd Be ravra dvacrrds elire 'Bevocpow, 'f2 dvopes 
 crrpariwrai, rrjv puev rropeiav, o>? eoiKe, BtjXov ore 7re^fj 
 7TOL7]reop' 011 yap earo rr\ola' dvdyKT) Be rropeveaQai 
 77877 • ov yap ear 1* pevovcri rd e-rirriBeia. 77/zet? fiev 
 
BOOK VI. CHAP. IV. 165 
 
 ovv, €(f)i], QvcrofieOa' u/xa? he hei irapacnceva^ecrOai a>? 
 [ia~)(ovfi6vovs el irore teal dXXoTe* ol yap rroXefxiob 
 avareOapprjicacnv. etc tovtov IOvovto ol crrpar^yol, 13 
 [A&VTLS he irapr)v 'Aprj^lcov Ap/cd?' o Be ZiXavbs 6 
 'A/uLjSpafctcoTrjs rjhrj dirohebpaKei irXolov /xicrOcocrdfievo^ 
 eg Mpa/cXeias. tivofievois be eiri ry acpooq) ovk eyi- 
 yvero rd lepd. TavTrjv fiev ovv tjjv rj/iepav eiravaavTO. 14 
 Kai rives eroXficov Xeyeuv, a>? o gevocpcbv {3ovX6fMevo<; 
 to ywpiov OLKLcrao ireireiKe tov fidvTiv Xeyeiv, 009 rd 
 lepd ov ylyveTai eirl d<f)6bq). evrevOev Krjpu^as ry 15 
 avpiov irapelvai eirl tt)v Svaiav tov /3ovXo/xevov, Kai, 
 [jLavrLS el rt? elr], 7rapayyeiXa<; irapeivai C09 crvvOea- 
 aojjievov rd lepd, eOve' Kai evravOa Traprjcrav 7roXXol. 
 S-vofxevcov he rrdXiv et? Tpl? eirl ttj d(pohcp ov/c eylyvero 16 
 rd lepd. etc tovtov ^aXeirco^ eiyov ol GTpaTiwTai' 
 Kai yap Ta eiriTrjbeia eTrekiirev, a e^ovTes r)X6ov, Kai 
 dyopa ovbefiia Trapr)v. 
 
 'Etc tovtov %vveX66vTWV elire irdXiv aevocpcjv, *S2 17 
 avhpes, eVl fiev Trj iropeia, &>? opaTe, Ta lepd ovttcd 
 ylyveTai' twv 8' eTriTrjhelcov opco vfias heofiivovs' 
 dvdyKTj ovv fioi boKel elvac QvecrOai irepl avTov tovtov. 
 dvao~Ta<$ be Tt9 eiire, Kai eiKOTCos dpa rjfilv ov ylyveTai 18 
 Ta lepd' &)? yap eyed drrb tov avTOfxaTov %#e? tjkovtos 
 ttXolov i]Kovad tivos oti KXeavhpos 6 Ik Bv^avTiov 
 dpfjLoo-Tr)s /xeXXet, ij^eiv irXola Kai Tpirjpeis eyjsv. Ik 19 
 tovtov he dva/ieveiv fiev irdaiv ehoKei' eirl he Ta eiri- 
 Trjbeia dvdyKTj rjv e^ievai' Kai eirl tovtw ttcCKiv eOveTO 
 eh Tpk, Kai ovk eylyveTO Ta lepd. Kai rjhrj Kai eVt 
 o-Kijvrjv lovTes tijv ttevocpoovTos eXeyov, oti ovk eyoiev 
 Ta eiriTiqbeia. 8 ovk dv ecfirj e^ayayeiv fir) yiyvo- 
 fievcov tcov lepcov. 
 
 Kai irdXiv ttj vcrTepala eOveTO, Kai o-%ebov tl 7rdcra20 
 r) crTpaTca hid to fieXetv diraaiv eKVKXovvTo rrepl Ta 
 lepd' to, he Sv/iaTa eTriXeXoLirei. ol he crTpaTTjyol 
 
166 xenophon's anabasis. • 
 
 21 i^rjyov puev ov, crvvezedXecrav Be. etirev ovv lievocpcov, 
 "lows ol TrdXe/jLLOL avveiXeyfievoi elal zeal dydyzerj ftdye- 
 g-Qcll. el ovv zearaXiirovTes ra azeevrj ev tco epvfivco 
 ycaplco &>9 eh pbdyjqv nrapecrieevacTiievoL Xoi^ev, ictcds av 
 
 22 rd lepa [idXkov Trpo^copolrj rjfuv. dzeovcravTe? S' ol 
 arparccorai dvezepayov, co? ovBev Beov eh to yozplov 
 dyeiv y dWd 3-vecr6ai &>? rd^cara. zeal 7rp6/3ara fiev 
 ovzeeri rjv, /3o{>9 Be virb dfid^Tjs irpidfievou eOvovTO' 
 zeal 'Bevocpcov K\edvopo$ eBer]6r) rod ^ApzcdBos irpodv- 
 IxelcrOai, el tl ev tovtco elr). aW* ovB* o>? iyevero. 
 
 23 Necov Be r)v fiev crTparrfybs Kara to Xetpiaocpov 
 fiepo<$, eirel he ecopa tov$ dv0pco7rov<; cb<; el^ov Beivcos 
 ttj evBela, /3ov\6jll€Vos avrols yapC^ecrQai, evpcov tivcl 
 avOpcoirov r Hpaze\ecorrjv } o? ecprj zecofias 6777)9 elBevai, 
 66ev etrj Kafielv tcl eTTLTTjBeia, eKijpv^e tov fiovkofievov 
 levai eirl tcl eirLrrjBeLa co? rjyefiovos ecrofievov. e£ep- 
 yovTCui Br) gvv BoparioLt zeal dcrzeoh teal QvkdzeoL? zeau 
 
 24 aXkoi<$ dyyeioLS eh Bict^iXlov; dvdpcoirov^. e7rei8r) Be 
 rjorav ev Tah zecofiaL^ /cal BtecnTeipovTO co? eirl to \afi- 
 fidvetv, eTrnr'vTTTOvaiv avToh ol <I>apva/3d%ov lirTreh 
 nrpoiTOL' fie[3or)6r)zc6Te<$ yap rjcrav Toh Bl6vvol<;, (3ov- 
 XofievoL crvv Toh -BlOvvols, el Bvvcllvto, dirozccoKvcrab 
 tov? r/ EXkr)vas fir) eXOelv eh tt)v Qpvyiav ovtol ol 
 
 MV <£■*<*? lirireh dirozcTeivovcri tcov dvBpcov ov fielov irevTQKO- 
 
 25 glov?' ol Be XolitoI eirl to opo? dvecfivyov. eze tovtov 
 dirayyeXkei Tt? ravTa tcov diroirefyevyoTcov eh to 
 cTTpaTQireBov. zeal Bevocpcov, e7reiBr) ovze iyeyevrjro to, 
 lepa Tavrr) rfj r)fiepa, \a{3cov jSovv virb dfid^rjs, ov yap 
 r)v aXXa lepela, crcpayiaadfievo? ifiorjOei zeal ol aWoi 
 
 26 ol fieyjpb TpidtcovTa ercov diravTe^. zeal dva\a(S6vTe<; 
 tov<$ \017rovs avBpa$ eh to cTTparoireBov dcfuzevovvTat,. 
 zeal r)Br) fiev djjbfyl rfklov Bvo-fias r)v zeal ol "EWrjve? 
 AtaV aOvjJLCDs eyovTes eBeiirvoTroiovvTO, zeal e^airivr\^ 
 Bux tcov Xacrlcov tcov BcOvvcov Tives eiriyevbyuevoi Toh 
 
BOOK VI. CHAP. IV. V. 167 
 
 irpocpvka^L tou? fiev Kareicavov tovs Be eBlco^av /^e^pi 
 64? to (TTparoirehov. KaX Kpavyr)<; yevo/ievr)^ eh tcl 27 
 oirXa 7rdvT€<; eBpa/iov ol "EWrjves' KaX Blcokclv fiev 
 KaX Kivelv to arparoirehov vvktos ovk dcrcpaXes e'So/cet 
 elvaL' Baaea yap rjv tcl ywpia' ev Be rot? OTrXot? 
 evvKTepevov cpvXaTTo/jLevoL itcavols cpvXatjL. 
 
 Tr)v jiev vvktcl ovtco Scrjyayov apa Be ry rj/juepa 5 
 ol arparyyol eh to epv/ivov ycopiov r)yovvTO' ol Be 
 eiirovTO dvaXajBovTes tcl oifka teal tcl o-fcevr). nrplv Se 
 apiGTOV copav elvaL anreTafypevaav f/ r) eiaoBos r)v eh 
 to ywpiov, kcli direcTavpcoarav dirav, KaTcxKLirbvTe^ 
 Tpeh ttvXcls. KaX ifkolov e£ 'Hpa/cketas rj/cev aXcpLTa 
 ayov KaX lepela KaX olvov. it pan S' dvacrTa^ tlevocpcov 2 
 iOveTO eire^oBLa, kcli ylyveTCLL tcl lepd eirX tov irpcoTOV 
 lepeiov. KaX tjBt) tcXo? eyovTcov tcov lepcov opa deTov 
 alcrLov 6 [JLavTLS *Aprj%Lcov IlappdcrLos, KaX r)ye2cr6aL 
 KeXeveL tov &evocpcovTa. KaX Biaj3avTe<$ ttjv Tacfypov 3 
 tcl oirXa TiOevTaL, KaX eKrjpv^av apLGTiqaavTas efyevai 
 
 TOL>? CTTpaTLGQTaS CTVV Toh birXoLS, tov Be 8)(\ov KaX TO, 
 
 avBpdiroBa avTov KaTaXiirelv. ol puev Br) dXXoL irdvTes 4 
 efyjecrav, Necov Be ov m eSoKeL yap koXXlcttov elvaL tov- 
 tov cpvXaKa KaTaXLirelv tcov eirX crTpaToireBov. eireX 
 B 1 ol XoyayoX KaX ol CTpaTLcoTaL currekLirov aitTovs, 
 alcrxyvopbevoL fir) ecpeTrecrOaL tcov dXXcov e^LovTcov, KaTe- 
 Xlttov avTov tou? virep irevTe KaX TeTTapaKOVTa eTij. 
 KaX ovtol {lev efievov, ol S* aXXoL eiropevovTO. irplv Be 5 
 TrevTeKatBeKa crTaBLa SLeXrfkvOevaL everrvyov rjSr) ve- 
 Kpoh' KaX tt)v ovpav tov KepaTos 7roLr)crdfievoL KaTa 
 tovs irpcoTOV? cpavevTas veKpovs eOaiTTOV irdvTas, otto- 
 covs iireXd/i^ave to Kepas. eireX Be tovs irpcoTOVs 6 
 Wa-tyav, TrpoayayovTe? KaX tt)v ovpav av6L<; TroLrjcrd- 
 fievoL KaTa tov<$ nrptoTovs tcov drdcpcov eOairTOV tov 
 avTov TpoTrov ottoctovs i7Te\d/jLJ3avev r) cTTpaTid. eireX 
 Be eh tv.v 6Bov y/cov tijv Ik tcov kcojjlcov, evda ckclvto 
 ddpooL, aweveyicovTes avTov? edatyav. 
 
168 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 7 "Hhr) he irepa fiecrovcr7]s ttjs rj/iepa^ Trpoayayovre? 
 to o-rpdrev/jLa e^co twv kw\xwv ekd\±$avov rd eirirrj- 
 heia, o, ti tl<z opcpr) eWo9 jr}? (f)d\ayyos, Kal e%ai<pvr,s 
 opcbcro Toi)$ Tro\efJLiov<$ virep(3dXkovTas Kara \6<fiovs 
 Tivas i/c rod ivavrlov, Teray/jLevovs eirl cf>d\ayyos, 
 
 8 hvirea^ re iroXXovs Kal nre^ovs' teal yap X'TTi6pihdT7]<; 
 Kal *Pa0LV7]$ rj/cov irapd <J?apva/3d£ov e^oz^Te? ttjv hv- 
 vafjbiv. eirel he /carelSov tovs ff EX\,7)vas ol 7ro\ifjLCoc, 
 earrjerav a7re^o^re? avrcbv ocrov irevTeKalheKa crTahtov^. 
 i/c tovtov ev0i)<; 6 ^Aprj^lwv 6 fidvrts twv K EXkrjVoov 
 (Kpayid^eraL, Kal iyevero iirl tov irpcoTOV KaXa rd 
 
 9 crcpdyLa. evQa hrj 'Bevocpcov Xeyec, AoKel jjlol, co avhpes 
 (TTpaTTjyoi, eTTcrd^aorOao rfj <pd\ayyt \6^ou9 (fivXaKas, 
 %va, dv irov Siy, tocriv ol iirifiorjOrjcrovTes ttj <pd\ayyi 
 Kal ol iroXifMioo rerapayfievoc i^iriiTTWcriv el<$ rera- 
 
 10 y/ievovs Kal aKepaiovs. avvehoKei ravra iracriv. *TjJLel<$ 
 [lev TOiVWy €(pr], nrporiyeiaOe ttjv irpbs 7-01)9 evavriovs, 
 o>9 fir) eaTTjKcofiev, iirel axpdrjfiev Kal etho/iev roi><; 
 7to\€/jLlov<; ' iyco he rj^co TOU9 Tekevracovs Xo^ovs Kara- 
 
 11 ywpiGas yirep vjjXv hofcet. Ik tovtov ol fiev iqavyoi 
 irporjyov, 6 he Tpecs d(f>e\a)V t»9 Te\evTaia$ Ta^eis dvd 
 htaKoaLOVs dvhpas tt)V /aev iirl to he^ibv iireTpe^ev 
 i^eireaOai diroXiirovTas C09 irXeOpov ^a/ioXas 'A)(aib<> 
 TavT7)$ r)px e T V^ Tdt;ecD<;' tt)v 6" iirl tS f^eaw iyapicrev 
 eireaOav Uvpplas 'ApKa? TavT7]$ ypx 6 ' T V V Se ptav 
 iirl to) evcovvpiW' <&pacrLa<$ ' A6n]valo^ TavTy i<f>eio-Trj- 
 
 12 K6i. irpoiovTes he, eirel eyevovTO ol rjyovfjuevoL eirl 
 vdirei [leydXw Kal hvairopq), ecrTrjaav dyvoovvTes, el 
 hiafiaTeov ecr) to vdiro^. Kal irapeyyvwai, <TTpaT7)yov$ 
 
 13 Kal \o%ayovs Tzapikvai eirl to r)yovjj,evov. Kal 6 aevo- 
 cf)(x)v ^avfjidaa^, o, ti to Icrypv elrj ttjv Tropeiav, kol 
 Tavy aKovcov ttjv irapeyyvrjv ekavvei rj eSvvaTO Toyi- 
 GTa. eirel he avvr]K.Qov % \eyei Xo$alveTO<$ irpeafiv- 
 t«to9 gov tcov o-TpaT7)ycov, oTi /3ouX^9 ovk d^tov ecr], 
 
BOOK VI. CHAP. V. 169 
 
 el Siapareov iarl tolovtov ov to vdiro^. fcal 6 aevo- 14 
 (f>cov (TTrovhf) vTroXaftoov eXe^ev, *A\X tare fiev fie, Sj 
 civhpes, ovheva 7rco /clvhvvov irpo^ev^cravTa hfiiv eOeXov- 
 aiov ov yap hb%r}<; bpco heofievovs vfia<; eh dvhpeio- 
 rrjra, dWd crcDTTfpias. vvv he ovrcos e^ei* dfia^el fiev 15 
 evQevhe ov/c eo~Tiv direXOelv rjv yap fir) r)fiei<$ icofiev 
 eVl tou? TroXefjLiovs, ovtoi r)fuv, biroTav d7TLC0/iev, e-yjrov- 
 tclc koX eimreaovvTai. 6 pare hi], iroTepov /cpelrrov 16 
 levai eirl tovs civhpas TrpofiaWofievov? ret, oifka rj 
 fieTafiaXkofievovs oiricrOev r)ficov eiribvTas row? iroXe- 
 fiiovs Seaadai. care <ye fievTOi, otl to fiev dirievai 17 
 euro iroXefilcov ovhevl /ca\S eoitce, to he e<pe7reo~6cu teal 
 tol$ /catCLOcri Qdppos ifuroiei. iya) yovv rfhiov av crvv 
 r)fJLiaecriv €7roL/jur}v i) crvv hnfkacrLOis airoywpoiriv. icai 
 
 TOVTOVS olh' OTl eTTlOVTOSV flkv 'ifflWV ovh' VfieiS i\7TL- 
 
 ^exe clvtovs he^aaOai jffids, clttiovtcov he ir&VTes eiri- 
 crTafieOa, OTi ToXfirjcrovcriv efykirecrQai. to he hiaftdvTas 18 
 oiricrOev vdiros yaXeirbv 7roirjcracr0ai fieXkovTas fidye- 
 crOai ap ov^l kclX dpirdcrai d^iov ; rot? fiev yap iroXe- 
 fiiois eyeb j3ov\oi{ir)v av eviropa irdvTa cfiaivecrOai cbcrTe 
 diroyiopelv r)fid<$ he nai dirb tov ywpiov hei hihdcrice- 
 adai, OTi ovk ecrTi fir) vi/ccocri acoTrjpia. Qavfidfa 8' 19 
 eycoye /cal to vdiro^ tovto el Tt? fiaXkov (pofiepbv 
 vofjbl^ei elvai tcov aWcov &v hiaireTropevfieQa %copicov. 
 7TW? fiev yap hiafiaTov to Trehiov, el fir) viKiqaofiev tou? 
 t7T7rea? ; 7rco? he a hiekrfkvOafiev opt], rjv ireXTaaTal 
 Toaoihe etyeircdVTai ; i)v he hr) koi crcoOcbfiev eirl $a\ar- 20 
 Tav, irbcrov ti vdiros b IIovtos ; ev6a ovTe ifkola eaTi 
 Ta dird^ovTa ovTe crtro?, c5 Qpe-tybiieOa fievovTes, herjcrei 
 he, rjv QaTTOV etcei yevcofieda, QZittov irdXiv e^ievai 
 eirl Ta eiTiTrjheia. ovkovv vvv fcpeiTTOV r)pi(TTr}K,bTa<$2\ 
 fid")(ea6ai rj aupiov dvapio~TOVS. avhpes, Ta re lepa 
 fjfilv KaXa oi re olcovol aiaioi Ta Te atydyia icdXkicrTa' 
 tcofiev eirl tovs avhpas. ov hei e.Ti tovtovs, eirel r)fxa<$ 
 
 8 
 
170 xekophon's anabasis. 
 
 rrdvrco^ elBov, rjBecos Becirvrjaai ovB* oirov av BeXcocrt 
 crKrjvrjaaL. 
 
 22 'EvrevOev ol Xoyayol rjyeladai i/ciXevov, teal ovBelq 
 dvreXeye. teal o? rjyelro, nrapayyeiXas Biafiaiveiv y 
 e/cacrros ervyyave rod vdirovs cov Bdrrov yap dOpoov 
 eBoteei av ovrco rrepav yeveaOat to arpdrev/j^a i) el 
 Kara rr)v ye<^vpav, r) errl tc3 vdizei r)v, e%ep,r)pvovTO. 
 
 23 eirel Be Bie{3r)crav, rrapioav irapd tt)v (pdXayya eXeyev, 
 "AvBpes, dvafjUfjLvrjcnc€o-06 ocras Br) [xdya^ critv rols $eot? 
 ojAocre lovres veviterjteare /cal ola rrdcryovcnv ol TroXe- 
 filovs cpevyovres, teal rovro evvofjaare, ore eirl ral<; 
 
 24 S-vpaL<; rr)s 'EXXdBo? eapuev. dXX erreaOe r)yep,6vc ray 
 'Hpa/cXel fcal dXXtfXovs rrapateaXelre 6vo/iao~rL tjBv 
 tol dvBpelov re teal teaXbv vvv ehrbvra koX rroirjoravira 
 
 25 pbvr)pi7]v ev ot? edeXet nape. yew eavrov. ravra irape- 
 Xavvcov eXeye fcal dfia v^rjyelro enrl cpdXayyos, koX 
 toi>? rreXraard^ e/earepco6ev ironqcrdiievoi erropevovro 
 errl rovs iroXepblov^. irap^yyeXXero he rd fiev Bopara 
 eirl rbv Be^ibv SifAov eyeiv, e'eos aiqpiaivoi rfj GaXiriyyi' 
 errevra Be eh rrpoo-fioXrjv tcadevras eireaOai fidBrjv Ka\ 
 [irjBeva Bpofiqy BicotceLV. itc rovrov orvv07j/jLa iraprjei 
 Zevs G-corrjp, *HpafcXr t s yyepioov. ol Be TroXe/icoc vrre- 
 
 26 pbevov, vojJbi^ovTes xaXbv eyeiv rb ycopiov. iirel S' 
 eirXrio-'ia'Cpv, dXaXd^avres ol rl EXXr)ve<$ ireXracrral eOeov 
 errl tovs 7roXe/jLLOV<; rrpiv nva tceXeveiv ol Be iroXepnoL 
 dvrloi coppbrjaav, ol $' Irrirel^ teal to arl<po^ rcov Bi6v- 
 
 27 v&v ' teal rpeirovrai rovs 7reXracrrd<;. dXX* iirel vrnqv- 
 ria^ev 7] cpdXayt; r<hv ottXitgiv rayv iropevofjuevr] /cal 
 d\xa 7) crdXiriyt; i(f)6ey%aro teal eiraMAVi'Cpv ical fierd 
 ravra rjXdXa^ov ical dfxa rd Bopara KaOiecrav, evravOa 
 
 28 oi)Keri iBe^avro ol TroXepLLoi, dXXd eefcevyov. ical Tifia- 
 cricov fiev eycov rovs t7T7reZ? etyelirero, teal diretcrlvvvaav 
 oaovarrep eBvvavro co? bXiyoi ovres. royv Be iroXejilcov 
 to fiev evcovvfJLOV evdvs Biecnrdpr], tcaO* b ol r EXXyve? 
 
BOOK VI. CHAP. V. VI. 171 
 
 r7T7ret? rjaav, to Be Be^tov, are ov acf)6Bpa ouDKOjJLevov, 
 errl Xo<pov aweary, eirel Be elBop ol "EXXrjves viro- 29 
 fievovras aurovs, eBo/cec paarbv re /cal dtcivBvvbrarov 
 elvai levai jJBtj eir avroix;. rraiaviaavres ovv euOus 
 eire/ceivro' ol £' ov% v7re/ieLvav. kolX evravOa ol ireX- 
 raaral eBlcoKOV p*ey^pi rb Be^ibv av Bieairdpy]' direQa- 
 vov he bXlyoi' rb yap lirm/cbv $6j3ov irapelye rb rcov 
 7ro\e/jLiQ)v 7ro\v ov. eirel .Be elBov ol "EXXrjve? rb re 30 
 $apvafid%ov liriri/cbv en aweary /cos /cal tovs BlOwovs 
 lrrirea<z irpbs rovro awaQpoitppukvovs teal dirb Xo<pov 
 rivbs KaraOewfievov^ rd yiyvbfieva, diret prj/ceaav fxev, 
 0//.&)? Be eBb/cei /cal errl rovrovs Ireov elvai ovrcos oVo)? 
 Bwaivro, &)? fir) redapprjKores dvairavaaivro. avvra- 3 1 
 tjd/ievoi, B)] Tropevovrai. ivrevOev ol rroXefiioi lirTrels 
 (Jzevyovat Kara rod irpavov^ ofAOicos wairep virb Inrirecov 
 BiGdKoiJLevoi' vdiros yap avrovs vTreBe^ero, b ovtc fjBe- 
 aav ol "EXXyves, dXXa rrpoairerpdirovro Btco/covres* 
 o^jre yap r t v. eiraveXObvres Be ev6a rj irpoorT] avujSoXrj 32 
 iyevero arrjad/ievot, rpbiratov diryeaav eVl QdXarrav 
 rrepl rjXiov Bvapbds' ardBioi 8' ^aav ct>9 e^r]/covra errl 
 rb arparoTreBov. 
 
 'Evrevdev ol fiev TroXefJuoc el^ov dfufil rd eavrcov 
 kol diri]yovro ical rovs ol/ceras teal rd yjpyjiara oiroi 
 eBwavro 7rpoacordrco m ol Be "EXXyves Trpoaefievov jiev 
 KXeavBpov kol to,? rpnqpeis /cal rd rrXola co? tf^ovra, 
 e^ibvres 8' ifcdarys rjfiepas aw rocs viro^vyiois kol 
 rols dvBpairoBois etyepovro dBews rrvpovs, tcpiOds, olvov, 
 oarrpia, fieXlvas, au/ca' diravra yap dyaOd el^ev 7) 
 yozpa irXyv eXalou. /cal birore fiev /carapbivoi rb 2 
 arpdrev/ia dvairavofxevov, i^PjV iirl Xelav levai, /cal 
 iXd/JLJ3avov ol e^uovre^' oiro-e Be e^ioi rrclv rb arpd- 
 revjjia, el rt? %a>pi9 direX6d>v Xd/3oc re, Brjfioaiov eBo^ev 
 elvai. tjBt] Be rjv 7roXXr) 7rdvrcov d(p6ovca' real yap dyo- 3 
 pal rrdvroOev dcpL/cvovvro i/c rcov 'EXXtjvlBwv rroXeajv 
 
 
 
172 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 zeal ol irapairXeovTes aafievoi Kartfyovro, atcovovres a><? 
 
 4 oliciCpiTO irbXis koi XipbrjV elr\. eirepiTrov Be kcu ol 7roA,e- 
 jxioi 7]Br}, 01 Tfkrjcriov ojkovv, Trpbs ttevocfrwvTCi, clkovqv- 
 Te?, on qvtos iroXi^ei to ywpiov, epcoToovres, 6, to Beoi 
 iroiovvTas cpiXovs elvai. o 8' eireBeiKvvev avTovs Toh 
 
 5 crTpariciOTai<;. icah iv rovrcp KXeavBpo? dcpiKveiTai Bvo 
 rpirfpeis €%cdv, irXolov 8' ovBev. irvy^ave Be to arpd- 
 rev/JLa, e^co ov ore ck^lketo koi iirl Xelav rives oiybp,evoi 
 aXXoi aXXy eh to opos, teal elXijcpeaav irpbfiaTa iroX- 
 Xd' btcvovvres Be, firj d(fxiipe8eiev, tS Ae^iirirco Xeyov- 
 criv, o? cnreBpa tt]v irevTrjKOVTopov eyjav eK Tpaire- 
 tpvvTO^, Kcui KeXevovcri Biaacacravra avToh tcl 7rpo/3aTa 
 
 6 to, pev avrbv Xafieiv, to, Be afyiaiv diroBovvai. evdbs 
 8' etceivos direXavvei tovs 7repieaT0)Tas tcov crTpaTico- 
 tcov /cat Xeyovras, oti Brjfibaia etij, koi tu> KXedvBpw 
 eXOoov Xeyei, oti dpird^eiv eTTiyeipovcriv. 6 Be tceXevei 
 
 7 tov dpird^ovTa dyeiv irpbs avTov. Kal 6 [lev Xaficov 
 rjye Tiva' irepiTvycbv 8' *Ayacria<$ cKpaipeiTai* teal yap 
 r]V avTcp 6 dyofievos Xo^iTrjS. ol B aXXoi ol irapbvTes 
 tcov (JTpaTiwTaiv eiriyeipovcn ftdXXeiv TOV Ae^lTTTTOV, 
 dvatcaXovvTes tov TrpoBoTTjv. eBeicrav Be koi tcov Tpirjpi- 
 tcov 7roXXol fcal ecpevyov eh tt]v QdXaTTav, kcli KXeav- 
 
 8 8/30? 8' ecjyevye. aevocpcov Be kcli ol aXXoi crTpar^yol 
 KareKcoXvov Te koi tco KXedvBpco eXeyov, oti ovBev~ eXrj 
 irpayfia, dXXd to Bby/xa aiTiov etrj to tov crTparev- 
 
 9 yLtaro? TavTa yevecrOai. 6 Be KXeavBpos virb tov 
 Ae^lmrov Te dvepeQiCpjxevos kcli auro? d^OeaOeh, oti 
 i(pof3/]d7), diroTrXevaeicrOai ecprj kcu Krjpv^eiv /L7]Be/LLav 
 ttoXiv Be^eaOai avrovs, &)? TroXe/jiLQVs. %>%oz> Be tot6 
 
 10 irdvTcov tcov ' EXXrjvcov ol AaKeoaipubvioi. ivravOa 
 Trovrjpbv to Trpayfia eBoKei elvai Toh "EXXijai, koi 
 iBeovTo pur) iroielv Tavra. o 8' ovk av aXXcos e<f)7} 
 yeveaOai, el pur) rt? eKBclocrei tov dp^avTa /3dXXeiv kcu 
 
 1 1 rbv dcpeXofievov. rjv Be bv i^r/Tei ^Ayaaias, Bia reXon? 
 
BOOK VI. CHAP. VI. 173 
 
 <f)L\o$ rco 'BevocpcovTC e£ ov teal BieftaXiv avrov 6 
 Ae^LTTiros. Kal evTevOev, eiretBrj diropia r\v, crvvrjya- 
 yov ra crrpdrev/jia ol apyovres' /cat e.vtoi yAv avrcov 
 nrap oXtyov eiroiovvTO tov KXeavBpov, t£> Be aevo- 
 (fioovTi ov/c eBotcet cpavXov elvac to irpdyfia, dXX* dva- 
 aTa<; eXe^ev, ? /2 avBpes aTpaTtcoTac, ifiol Be ov cpavXov 12 
 Botcel elvav to nrpdypba, el rjfjilv ovtcos eycav tt)v yvcofirjv 
 KXeavSpos direicrLV, coenrep Xeyei. elcrl yev yap rjBrj 
 €77u?» at 'EXXrjviBes TroXecs • tt}? Be r EXXdSo<; Aatce- 
 SacfjLoviot, irpoeaTTjKacrLV' licavol Be elcrc teal el? etcacrTO^ 
 Aa/ceBacyovlcov ev rat? iroXecriv 6, tl (BovXovTab Bta- 
 irpaTTeo-Oat. el ovv outo? irp&Tov yev ?;/*a<? Bv^av- 13 
 tlov airoickeLarei, eireiTa Be Tot? dXXots dp/JLoaTacs 
 irapayyeXel eh Ta? 7roXeis yy BeyecrOat &)9 amaTovv- 
 t<X9 AatceSaiyovioLs teal dvoyovs 6Vt<Z9> e.Ti Be irpo? 
 * Ava^Lfiiov tov vavapyov ovto? 6 X0709 irepi rjycov 
 rfeei, yaXeirbv ecrTai teal yevecv zeal diroirXelv • zeal ydp 
 ev ttj yfj apyovcri AatceBaiybvioi Kal ev Trj QaXaTTy 
 tov vvv ypovov. ovkovv Bel ovre evbs avBpbs eve/ca 14 
 ovre Bvolv r)yd<; tovs aXXovs tt)<; ^EXXdBos direyeaOai, 
 dXXa TreiGTeov 6, tl dv KeXcvcoai' teal yap at iroXet^ 
 rjycov 69 ev ecryev TreiQovTai avTol^, eyco yev ovv, /cal 15 
 ydp dtcovco Ae^nrirov Xeyetv 77-/909 KXeavBpov, go? ovk 
 av e7T0L7]aev Ayacrta^ Tavra, el yy eyco avTov i/ceXev- 
 aa, eyco yev ovv diroXvco koX vyas ttjs alrlas /cal 
 
 Ayacrtav, av avTos 'Ayacrias cptfery eye to tovtcov aX- 
 tlov elvav, /cal KaraSt/cd^co eyavrov, el eyco ireTpojBo- 
 Xias r) aXXov twos fiiaiov e^dpyco, Tr)$ ecrydTi]^ Bikt]$ 
 afio? elvat, /cal vcpe^co t?]v Bltcrfv. cprjfil Be icaX el Tiva 16 
 dXXov aiTia/rai, %prjvat, eavTov Trapacryeiv KXedvBpco 
 fcplvac ovtco ydp av vjiel^ diroXeXviievou tt}? aiTias 
 etrjTe. 009 Be vvv eyet, yaXeirov, el, olb\xevoi ev Trj 
 
 EXXdBo Kal eiralvov Kal Tifir)<; Tev^eaOai, dvTi Be tov- 
 tcov ouS' 6/jLoloi, toZ? aXXots eaofieda, dXX* elp^6fie9a 
 etc tcov ( EXXt]vlBcov iroXecov. 
 
174: xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 17 M.6TO, ravra avacrra^ elirev 'AyaGias, 'Eyco, w av* 
 Spes, ofivvfiL &€oi)$ Kal $£o.9 rj p^]v [jirjTe fie ttevo^&vra 
 tceXevcrai a<psXea6at tgv avBpa \xr\Te aXXov vpL&v fMrj- 
 Beva- IBqvtl Be jjloi avBpa dyaObv dybjievov tojv ijxoov 
 Xo^ltcov virb Ae^iirirov, ov v/ieis eirio-TacrOe vfias irpo- 
 Bbvra, BeLvbv eBo^ev etvai* teal acjzetXo/jLrjv, OfioXoyco. 
 
 18 zeal vpLeis fiev [irj i/cBcore fie- iya> Be efiavrov, (oairep 
 ^evo(j)cov XeyeL, irapaGyjqGas KpivavTi KkeavBpat o, tl 
 av j3ovKi]Tai TTOLrjaaL ■ tovtov eve/ccc purjTe iroXejieLTe 
 AaKeBaijJLOviois Gco%OLG0e re aG<paXcos oitol QeXeL eKa- 
 <7to?. avijUTepb-^rare fievTOL [jlol v/jlcov avTcbv eXo/xevoi 
 7rpb$ KXeavBpov OLTLves, av tl eyw irapaXeLTra), Kal 
 
 19 Xe^ovGLv virep epuov Kal nrpd^ovenv. e/c tovtov eBcoKev 
 7] GTpaTia ovGTivas /3ovXolto irpoeXopievov levaL. 6 Be 
 irpoeikeTO to\j$ GTpaT7]yov$. fxeTa Tavra eiropevovTO 
 irpbs KXeavBpov 'Ayacrias /cal ol GTpaTrjyol Kal 6 
 
 20 acpatpedels dvi]p virb „ ' 'Ayacrlov. Kal hXeyov ol GTpa- 
 Trjyol, "Eirefi^ev ?;/ia? r) GTpaTia 7rpo? ae, a> KXeavBpe, 
 Kal i/ceXevae ae, elVe iravTas air La, KpivavTa o~e avTov 
 yj)r\Q-Qai o, tl av fiovXr), elre eva tlvcl t) Bvo f) Kal 
 irXeiovs atria, tovtovs cc^lovgl Trapaayeiv gov eavTovs 
 eh Kptaiv. ecTe ovv rjficbv Tiva air La, irdpeGpuev gol 
 reels' etre Kal aXXov tlvcl, (ppaGov ovBels yap gol 
 
 21 aireaTaL, ogtls av i)p2v eOeXrj ireLQeaQaL. puera Tavra 
 nrapeXOoov 6 ^Ayaaias elirev, 'Eyco elfiL, a) KXeavBpe, 
 6 atfieXofievos Ae^iirirov ayovTos tovtov tov avBpa Kal 
 
 22iraieLV KeXevaas Ae^Lirirov. tovtov fiev yap olBa av- 
 Bpa dyadbv ovTa, Ae^Linrov Be oTBa alpeOevra vtto t?}? 
 GTpaTicis apyeLV t?}? TrevTrjKOVTopov rjs yT7]Ga/xe0a 
 Trapa TpaTretpvvTiwv ecj) core irXola GvXXeyeLV, &>9 
 Gco^olfxeOa, Kal airoBpdvTa Ae^lititov Kal nrpoBovTa 
 
 23 tov? GTpaTLo>Ta<;, pue6 ' oov eGwOr). Kal tovs Te Tpa- 
 TTe'CpvvTiov^ a7reGTepi]KapLev ttjv TrevTrjKOVTopov KaL 
 KaKol BoKovpbev elvaL Boa tovtov, avTol re to eVl tovtg) 
 
BOOK VI. CHAP. VI. 175 
 
 a7ro\diKa[iev. rjicove yap, coGirep rj/uels, co? diropov ecr) 
 7re£V) aTTLOvras tovs nrorapuov^ re Bia{3r)vao /cal GcoOrjvac 
 eh rr)v *E\\dBa. rovrov ovv roiovrov ovra dtyeCko- 
 fjbrjv. el Be gv rjyes r) aXkos Tt? roov rrapd gov, teal 24 
 fir] ra)v irap' rjficov diroBpdvrcov, ev I'gOl on ovBev av 
 rovrcov e7ro[rjaa. vojiL^e B\ edv ifie vvv diroKreivr)^, 
 Bi dvBpa BeCkov re ko\ rrovrjpbv dvBpa dyaObv diro- 
 /cretveov. 
 
 'A/covcras ravra 6 KXeavBpos elirev, on Ae^nrirov 25 
 fxev ov/c kiraivour], el ravra 7re7rocr)fccb<; eirj- ov fievrou 
 ecprj vofii^eiv ovB' el rrayLirovripo^ rjv Aefyiriros /3cav 
 %prjvat irda^eiv avrbv, aXka KptOevra, coGirep koX 
 tyzet? vvv d^tovre, 777? Blkt]s rvyelv. vvv [lev ovv2Q 
 aircre fcara\t7r6vres rovBe rbv dvBpa' orav B' iyeb 
 /ceXevGco, irdpeare 7rpo? rr)v icpicnv. alncbfiai, Be ovre 
 rr)v arparidv ovre aXkov ovBeva en, errel ye ovros av- 
 T05 ofioXoyet d<pe\ea0ai, rbv dvBpa. o Be dfyaipeOels 27 
 elirev, 'Eyca, S) KkeavBpe, el ical olei fie dBcxovvrd re 
 dyeaOai, ovre eiraiov ovBeva ovre ejSaXkov, dX)C elirov, 
 ore Bi]fioo~La e'lrj rd irpofiara • r)v yap rcov arparicorcjv 
 Boyfia, el ns, orrore 7) ar par id e^ioi, IBla kr^iCpiro, 
 BrjfAocria elvai rd \r](p6evra. ravra elrrov • etc rovrov 28 
 fie \af3cov ovros rjyev, iva fir) cfrdeyyoiro fjLrjBefc, dX)C 
 avrbs ~ka(3d)v rb fiepos Biaacocrece rots Xyarals rrapd 
 rr)v prjrpav rd ^pij/xara. 77730? ravra 6 KXeavBpo? 
 eirrev, 'Errel roivvv roiovrov el, Kard\ieve, %va tca\ ire pi 
 gov fiovXevGcofieOa. 
 
 Etc rovrov ol /juev dfKpl KXeavBpov r/ptGrcov rrrv 29 
 Be Grparidv Gvvr\yaye aevocpcov teal GvvejBovkeve rrefi- 
 yfrac dvBpas 77-po? KXeavBpov irapairriGoyikvov^ rrepl 
 r6)V dvBpwv. etc rovrov eBo^ev dvrols 7refj,yjravra$ 30 
 Grparrjyovs real Xo^ayov^; ical Apatcovnov rbv Xirap- 
 rcarrjv /cat rcov aXXcov ol eBoKovv emrrjBeioi elvac Bei- 
 Gdau KkedvBpov Kara irdvra rpoirov dfyelvai rd> dvBpe. 
 
176 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 31 i\6<bv ovv 6 'Bevocficbv Xeyet, "E^ecs fiev, w KXeavhpe, 
 tov<z dvhpas, Kal rj arpartd gol vcpelro, 6, to ij3Gv\ov 
 TroirjGai /cal irepl tovtcov /cat irepl eavToov a7rdvrcov 
 vvv he ore alrovvrai /cal Siovrai, hovval g§igi tw avhpe 
 Kal fir) Kara/calvecv ' 7roWd yap iv too efJuirpoaOev 
 
 32 j^povqo 7T€pl T7]V GTpaTidv ifio^OrjcrdTTjv. ravra hi 
 gov Tvyovres vrriG^vovvTai goi dvrl TOVTOov,rjv j3ov\rj 
 r/yeiG0ai, avTcov Kal rjv ol Qeol i\eqj ojgiv, iTrihei^etv 
 goo /cal &>9 KOG/jbtol eiGC Kal &)? l/cavol too ap^ovTi irei- 
 66fievoL tovs TToXepbiovs gvv toIs 3-eois pur) (fio/SeiGdai. 
 
 33 SeovTai, hi gov Kal tovto, irapayevopLevov Kal dp^avTa 
 iavTcov irelpav XajSeiv Kal Ae^lirirov Kal g$>oov toov 
 aXXcov olos eKaGTos Igti, Kal ttjv d^lav eK&GTOis velpiai. 
 
 34 aKovGa? TavTa o Kkeavhpos, 'A\\d val tod gioo, e(prj, 
 Tayy . tol vpuv diroKpivovfiai. Kal too tg avhpe vpZv 
 SiScopLi Kal avTo? TrapeGopuai' Kal rjv ol S-eol irapahi- 
 hooGiv, i^iyrjGopiai, eh ttjv ^EXKdha. Kal ttoXv ol 
 \6yoi ovtoi dvTioi eiGiv t) ou? iyao 7repl vpucov ivtcov 
 tjkovov, co? to GTpaTevpia dcpLGTaTe dirb AaKehai- 
 
 jJLOVLODV. 
 
 35 'Ek tovtov ol piev eiraivovvTe? dirijkOov, e^ovTe^ 
 too avhpe' KXeavhpos he eOveTO eirl tt} iropeiq Kal 
 ^vvrjv "Bevo^covTC <J)l\,ikoos Kal ^evcav %vve(3dXovTO. 
 iirel he Kal eoopa avTov<; to irapayyeWopuevov evTaKToos 
 iroiovvTas, Kal fidWov &ri eireOvpbet rjyefioov yeveG0ac 
 
 36 avTcov. eirel fievTOL Qvopuevqo avT& errl Tpels r\\xepa<$ 
 ovk eylyveTO tcl lepd, GvyKaXeGas tovs GTpaTrjyov^ 
 elirev, ^E/jloI p,ev ovk eTe\eG07] tcl lepd e^dyeiv vjxel^ 
 puivToc purj d6vpL€LTe tovtov eveKa' vjxlv ydp, a>? eoiKe, 
 hehoTai eKKOjiiGau tov<$ avhpas' dXkd nropeveG0e. rjjuLet? 
 he vfids, erreiSdv eKeiGe i]K7]Te, he^opueOa &)? av hvvoo- 
 jxeOa KaXKiGTa. 
 
 37 *Ek tovtov eho^e Tot? GTpaTiooTais hovvai avToo tcl 
 hrjfJLOGLa irpbftaTa' 6 he he%d[ievos irdXcv avTols dire- 
 
BOOK VII. CHAP. I. 177 
 
 Bco/ce. /cal ovtos fiev dnreifkei. ol Be arparcwrai BtaOe- 
 puevoi rov alrov, ov rjaav avy/ce/copLiap,evot, /cal rdWa, 
 a el\i]<^>eaav, e^eiropevovro Bid rcov Bcdwcov. eirel Be 38 
 ovBevl evETV)(ov iropevopbevoi tijv 6p6i]v 6B6v, ware eyov- 
 Te? tl eh rrjv tyikiav Bce^e\6elv, eBo^ev avrols rovpb- 
 TrcCkiv inroarpe'^ravTas ekOelv pblav rjpuepav teal vv/cra. 
 tovto Be TroLrjcravres e\a{3ov ttoWcl /cal dvBpdiroBa /cal 
 7rp6/3ara' /cal afyUovro e/craloc eh Xpvaoiro'Xiv t?}? 
 KaX-^Bovla^, /cal e/cel epuecvav rjpuepa^ eirra \a<f>vpo- 
 7rco\ovvTe<;. 
 
 BOOK VII. 
 
 ' Oaa fjuev Brj ev rfj dvafBdaet rfj [iera Kvpov 1 
 eirpa^av ol e/ E\\7]ve$ p^eyjpi rrjs pbdyr]^, /cal oaa, eVel 
 Kvpo? ireXevrrjaev, ev rfj iropela pevpi eh rov TLovtov 
 d(j)LK0VT0, /cal oaa e/c rov Hovtov nre^f) e^iovres /cal 
 efCTfXeovres eiroiovv p*e%pi €%<*> tov aropbaros eyevovro 
 ev Xpv<T07r6Xei t?)? 'Aaia?, ev tc5 rrpoaOev \6ycp BeBrj- 
 Xcdtcli. e/c rovrov Be <&apvd{3a£o<; <$o(3ovpLevo<; to crrpd- 2 
 revpia p,r) eirl tt)v avrov dpyrjv arparevr/rai, irepb-^ra^ 
 7rpo? 'Ava%[fiiov rov vavapypv, o 8' ervyev ev Bvtav- 
 tlco cov, iBetro Bta/3t/3daai, to arpdrevpia etc Tr}<$ 'Aaias, 
 /cal viriayyelro rrdvra ironqaeiv avrco, oaa BeoL /cal 3 
 'Ava%i/3ws p^ereirepu-^aro rovs arparr)yovs /cal \oya- 
 yovs tcov arpartcorcov'eh Bv^dvnov, /cal vmayyelro, 
 el Biafialev, p,(,a6o<fiopdv eaeaOai roh arpartcbracs. 
 ol puev Brj aWot, ecfiaaav /3ov\evadpbevoL dirayyeXelv, 4 
 Ptevo<pcov Be elrrev avrco, ore diraKkd^oiro 77877 dirb T779 
 arpartas /cal /3ovXolto diroifkelv. 6 Be 'Ava^ifiios 
 e/cekevaev avrov avvBiafidvra erreira ot/ro)? diraXkdr- 
 reaOai. ecf)rj ovv ravra rroirjaeiv. 
 
 8* 
 
178 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 5 ^evOrj? Be 6 Opa^ irejiirei M.7]BocrdBrjv teal teeXevei 
 HevcxfioovTa, crv/jorpoOvfielcrOaiy oVo)? Biafifj to crrpd- 
 Tev/ia, teal e(j>7] avrS ravra GvpurpoOvfJi^devTi oti ov 
 
 6 fiera/xeX^crei. 6 8' elirev, ^AXXd to [lev aTpaTev/xa 
 hiaftrjo-eTCLi' tovtov evetea fArjBev TeXeiTeo /it]T6 ep,ol 
 fiTjTe dXXqy (Jb7)hevL' eireiBdv Be Bia{3{}, eyeb fiev diraX- 
 Xd%ofiai } irpbs Be tovs BiafievovTas teal eiriteaiplovs 
 ovtcls 7rpocr<fiepea0cQ ft)? av avTcp Botefj dcrcpaXes. 
 
 7 'E/c tovtov BiajBaivovcn irdvTes eh to Bv^dvTiov 
 ol crTpaTicoTac. teal pucrObv fiev ovte eBlBov 6 'Ava^c- 
 /3to?, ite^pv^e Be Xa(36vTa<; tcl oifka teal tc\ crteevr] tov<; 
 GrTpcLTMOTcis efyevai, &)? a7ro7re/Myjrcov Te dfia teal dpi- 
 6[xbv 7roirjo-(ov. ivTavOa ol GTpaTiodTai tj^Oovto, oti 
 ovk elyov dpyvpcov eirio-iTL^ecrOaL eh ttjv nropeiav, teal 
 
 8 dtevqpoos cvveo-icevdtpvTo. teal 6 'Bevocjycov KXedvBpa) 
 tg> dpjJLOG-T-fi £evo<$ <ye<yev7]/jLevo$ nrpoaeXOebv rjcnrd^eTO 
 avTov ft)? diroTrXevcrovfievo^ 77877. 6 Be avTcp Xeyet, Mrj 
 TroirjarjS TavTa' el Be firj, e<frr], aWiav e^et?, iwel teal 
 vvv Tives rjhrj ere aurioiVTai, oti ov Tayy e^epiret to 
 
 9 o-TpaTevfia. 6 6' elirev, 'AXX' cutlos p>ev eycoye ovte 
 eljA tovtov, ol Be CTTpaTioiTai clvtoI inner LTio-fiov Beo- 
 
 10 fievoi Bid tovto dOvpbovat, Trpo? t?)z/ e^oBov. 'AXX' 
 ofMos, ecj)Tj, eyco croi crvfi/3ovXevo} e^eXOelv fiev ft)? iropev- 
 aofjuevov, eireiBdv 8' e^co ykvr\Tai to aTpaTev/ia, tot6 
 diraXXaTTecrOai,. TavTa tolvvv, eeprj 6 'Eevotycov, eXOov- 
 
 11 re? 7T/30? " Ava^lfiiov Biairpa^di/xeda. ovtcds iX06vTe<; 
 eXeyov TavTa. 6 Be i/eeXevcrev ovtco iroielv zeal e^ikvai 
 
 "ttjv TayjaTTiv avvecrKevacr/jjevov^, leaX irpoaaveiirelv, o? 
 av firj irapfj eh tt]v i^eTacriv teal eh top dpiOfiov, otl 
 
 12 (xuro? avTov aiTidaeTai, evTevQev e^yeaav ol Te crTpa- 
 Trjyol irpoiTOb teal ol dWoi. teal dpBr)v irdvTes irXrjv 
 oXlycov e%co rjcrav, teal 'ETeovLteos elo-Tr^teei irapa Ta.9 
 TrvXas &>?, OTTOTe e^o) ykvoivTO irdvTe<$ 3 ervyteXelcrcov to? 
 
 13 irvXas teal tov fio , )(Xbv i^/3aXcov. 6 Be 'Ava£l/3io<; 
 
BOOK VII. CHAP. I. 179 
 
 (Tvy/cakeo-as rov<; aTpaTTjyovs koX tovs Xoyayov? eXege, 
 Td puev iiriTrjBeia, e<fir}, Xa/jL/3dveTe e/c tcov Opaicioov 
 
 KOOfJLOOV €LCrl Be CLVTodc TToXXal KpiOoL KoX TTVpol fCdl 
 
 TaXXa ra eTTOTyBeta' Xa/36vTe<; Be iropeveorde eh Xep- 
 povrjaov, i/cei Be Kvvi<Tfco<z vplv fxiaOoBorrjcrei. eira- 14 
 /covcravTes Be Tives tcov arpancorcov ravra, r) kcli tcov 
 Xoyaycov rt? BcayyeXXec eh to o-TpaTev/na. /ecu ol puev 
 o~TpaT7]yol eirvvOavovTO Trepl tov XevOov, iroTepa iroXe- 
 /uo? eXr\ rj (frcXos, teal iroTepa Bed tov lepov opovs Bioc 
 iropeveaQai rj kvkXco Bid fieo~r)<; t?}? Gpa/cr)?. ev w Be 15 
 TCLVTCb BieXeyovTO ol aTpaTLcoTac avapiracravTes tcl 
 onrXa Qeovcri, Bpofjuoo nrpbs t<x? nrvXas co? ttoXlv eh to 
 ret^o? elcriovTes. 6 Be 'ETeovt/co? teal ol avv avToo &)? 
 elBov irpocrOeovTas tou? ottXitcls, avyKXelovat ra? ttv- 
 \a? koX tov /llo^Xov ifijSdXXovcrLV. ol Be crTpaTicoTai 16 
 efcoiTTOV re ra? rrvXas /cal eXeyov otl aBtfcooTCLTa nrd- 
 cryoiev eKfiaXXopuevoi eh tovs 7roXe/jiLOV<; • /cal KaTacryj- 
 crecv ra? irvXas ecfiacrav, el pbrj e/ecWe? dvoitjovcrtv. 
 dXXoi Be eOeov eirl S-dXaTTav icai irapa tyjv yrjXrjv 1? 
 tov TeLypvs V7rep{3aivovo~iv eh rrjv ttoXiv, dXXoi Be o'l 
 eTvyyavov evBov 6We? tcov crTpaTicoToov, cos opcoat tcl 
 eVt Tah TrvXaus TrpdypuaTa, BicucoTTTovTes Tah d%i- 
 vais Ta KkeWpa dvaireTavvvovGi Tas nrvkas, ol 8' 
 ela7rc7TTOvo~LV. 
 
 f O Be Uevotycov &>? elBe tcl yoyvofieva, Beccra<z, /jlt/18 
 e$> dpTrayrjv TpdiroiTO to aTpaTeu/ma koi dvij/ceaTa 
 fca/cd yevoiTo ttj iroXev teal eavToo kol Toh CTTpaTLooTCiLS, 
 eOet /cat o-vveio-TrinrTei eXcroo tcov ttvXcov avv too b'xkoo. 
 ol Be Bv^dvTtoL 60? elBov to aTpaTevjia /3Xa elcnrlTTTov, 19 
 tyevyovaiv e/c t?}? dyopas, ol fiev eh Ta irXota, ol Be 
 oiKabe, octol be evoov eTvy^avov oz^re? e^co eoeov, ol oe 
 KaOeVkKov tcls Tpirjpeis, a;? ev Tah Tpir]pecn o-oo%olvto, 
 7raWe? Be ojovto diroXcoXevab go? eaXootcvlas t^9 7ro- 
 Xeco?. o Be 'ETeoviKOs eh ttjv d/cpav dirofyevyei. 6 Be 20 
 
180 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 Ava^iftios KaraBpa/icov eirl ^akarrav ev akievTiK& 
 ifkolcp irepieifkei, eU tjjv d/cpbirokiv, /cal ev6ij<; jxera- 
 irepmeTai e/c Kak^Bbvo^ cppovpovs' ov yap l/cavol 
 iBb/covv elvac ol ev rfj dtcpoirokei (ryew tov<$ avBpas. 
 
 21 ol Be (TTpCLTlOdTCLL ft)? elBoV TOV fteVOCpCOVTa, TTpOCTTTL- 
 "W 1-1- <~JSTTT0V0~IV a\)T(p ITOkXol KOI "keyOVCTC, NvV GOl e^eCTTlV, ft) 
 
 'Eevofy&v, dvBpl yevecrOai. e^et? irokiv, e'^et? Tpcrjpeis, 
 e^et? xptf/jLara, e^et? avBpas toctovtovs. vvv dv, el 
 Bovkoto, ay re y}tLa<$ dvrfcrcus teal rjpiels ae pueyav iroir\~ 
 
 22 aat/xev. 6 8' dire/cplvaTO, '-4AA,' ev re Xeyere /cal 
 
 iroajcrco ravrd' el Be tovtcov iirtOvpielTe, ^ea6e ret 
 oifka ev Tci^et ft)? TayicrTa' (Sovkbpuevos avTovs /caTTjpe- 
 /jLLcrac zeal avros re irapr\yyva ravra /cal tovs dXkovs 
 
 23 etcikeve iraoeyyvdv /cal TiOecrOai ra oifka. ol Be avrol 
 v(jy eavrcov TaTTopuevoi ol re oirXlrai ev oklyw yjpbv<p 
 et? 6/ctco iyevovro /cal ol irekTaaTal eirl to tcepas e/cd- 
 
 24:repov irapaBeBpapirj/cecrav. to Be ywp'iov olov KaXki- 
 cttov etcTci^acrOai Ictti to Qpa/ccov /cdkovpuevov, epnyuov 
 olkiwv ical ireBivbv. iirel Be e/cet,TO tcl oifka /cal /caTt}- 
 pepLLcrOrjcrav, crvy/caXel aevocfrayv tt)v GTpaTiav /cal keyei 
 
 25 TciBe. "Qti puev bpyi^eaOe, ft) avBpes GTpaTi&Tai, /cal 
 vofil^eTe Bscva irdayeiv i^airaTcofievoL ou Qavfidfa. 
 rjv Be T(*> Svp,w yapiQ&yieQa /cal AaiceBaipLOvLovs re tov$ 
 irapovTas tyjs e^airdTTjs TipLcoprjacofieOa /cal ttjv irokiv 
 ttjv ovBev auriav Bcapirdacopbev, evOvfielaOe a ecrTat, 
 
 26 ivTevOev. irokepuoi puev eabpueOa diroBeBeiy puevoi Aatce- 
 BatpiovLOLS /cal tols crvpLpud^ot^. olos S' o irbkepuos av 
 ykvoiTo eltcd^etv Br) irdpeaTiv, ecopaKOTa<; ical dvapbvr)- 
 
 27 cdevTas to, vvv Br) yeyevrjfieva. 77/xet? yap ol 'A6r]va2oi 
 i]kdop,ev eh tov irbkepuov tov 77730? Aa/ceBaipboviov? /cal 
 tovs avpipLd^ov; e^oire? Tpir]pei^ to9 p^ev ev SakaTTTj 
 Ta? S' ev to2<z vecoplois ov/c eXarTOu? Tpca/coo-icov, 
 vTrapyovTwv Be iroXkwv ^prjpidTCov ev tjj irokec /cal 
 irpocroBov ovo~r)<; icaf eviavTov diro re tcov evBrjpicov ical 
 
BOOK VII. CHAP. I. 181 
 
 €K T7J? virepopias ov fjuelov ^lXlcov raXdvrcov dp^ovres 
 Be rcov v/jcrcov drracroiv teal ev re rfj Aala irdXkas 
 expvres rrokeis KaX ev rfj Evpdiirr} aWa$ re 7roXkd<z 
 KaX avro rovro to Bv^dvriov, oirov vvv ea/iev, e-^ovre^ 
 KaTe7ro\€/jL7]6r]fji€v ovtcds, &)? irdvre^ vfieh eirlo-raaOe. 
 vvv Be. Brj tl av olbyueQa iraOelv Aa/ceScufiovloLS fiev KaX 28 
 rcov dpyaiwv Gvp^xdywv virap^ovrwv, '' AOrjvalwv Be KaX 
 octol ifceLvois Tore rjcrav avfi/jLa^oi 7rdvrcov rrpoayeyevrj- 
 fiivcov, Tccraacf)epvov<; Be real ra>v eVl S^aXdrrrj dXXcov 
 /3ap/3dpcov irdvrcov rroXefJulcov rj/xlv ovrcov, 7roXe/Mcord- 
 tov Be avrov rov avco fiao-Lkecos, ov rjX6o/j,ev depaepr)- 
 o-ojievoi re rr)v dp^rjv KaX diroKrevovvre^, el BwalfieOa. 
 rovrcov Br) irdvrwv 6[iov ovrcov ean rt? ovrcos deppcov, 
 octtis olerai av r)fjbd<; irepiyeveo-Qai ; fir) 7r^o? 3-ecov 29 
 fiacvcofieOa firjB' alo-%pco<; drroXd>fieQa iroXefiLoi 6We? 
 zeal rah irarplau teal roh rjfierepocs avrwv (piXois re 
 KaX ol/celoLS. ev yap rah nroKecriv elcrc rrdvres rah 
 eft r)fid<; arparevaofieva^, fcal BiKaitos, el ftdpfiapov 
 fiev iroXiv ovBe/iiav rjdeXrjcra/jiev Karacryelvf KaX ravra 
 /cparovvres, ^EXkrjvl&a Be eh r)v 7rpcorr)v rroXiv r)X6o- 
 /xev, ravrrjv e^aXaird^ofiev. eyco fiev roivvv evyofiai 30 
 rrpiv ravra eiuBelv v$> v/icov yevofieva fivpias ifie ye 
 Kara yrjs opyvtds yeveadai. KaX vfiiv Be av/i/3ovXevco 
 "EXXrjvas ovras roh rcov ' EXXrjvcov rrpoecrrriKoai irei- 
 Qofievovs irevpdaOai rcoy BiKaicov rvyydveiv. eav Be 
 fir) Bvvrjcrde ravra, r)fia<z Bel dBiKOVfievovs rr)<; yovv 
 'EXXdBos fir) crrepeaOav. KaX vvv fioi BoKec irkfi-^avra^ 31 
 'Ava%i{3i(p elirelv, on r)fieh ovBev ftlaiov rroirjcrovres 
 7rapeXr)Xv0a/nev eh rr)v rroXiv, aU' r)v fxev BvvdifJLeda 
 Trap v/jlwv dyaOov ri evplaKecrOai, el Be firj, dXkd Brj- 
 Xooaovres, ore ovk e^airard>iievot dXkd rreiQbyievoi 
 i£ep-)(0fie6a. 
 
 Tavra eBo^e, KaX irepbirovcriv 'lepcovvfiov re 'HXecov 32 
 ipovvra ravra KaX EvpvXo^ov 'ApKaBa KaX ^tXrjo-cov 
 ^Ayaiov. ol fjuev ravra q>x 0VT0 epovvres. 
 
182 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 • 
 33 "'En, Be KaOrjpievwv rcov arpancorcbv irpoaep^erai 
 
 KoiparuBr^s Orjflalos, o? ov fyevycov rr)v *EXXdBa nre- 
 
 pirjet, dXXd crrparrjyiwv ical eirayyeXXopievos, el rt? rj 
 
 ttoXis rj eOvos arpanqyov Beoiro' ical Tore rrpocreXOcov 
 
 llff-lf" eXeyev on eroipbos et'f} rjyeladai avrols eh to AeXra 
 
 tcaXovpbevov r?j? Opaicrjs, evda iroXXd ical ayaOa Xtj- 
 
 ^roiVTO' eare S' av pioXcoo-iv, eh d(pdoviav rrapk^eiv 
 
 3iecf)7} ical cnria ical irord. dicovoven ravra Toh crrpa- 
 
 TicoTai,? teal ra rrapd 'Avaj;i,f3iov apa dirayyeXXopieva' 
 
 drceicpivaro yap on rreiOopievois avroh ov pLerapbeXrjcrei, 
 
 dXXd to is re oikoi reXeai ravra drrayyeXel teal avrbs 
 
 35 fiovkevaoiTO irepl avrcov o, n Bvvavro dyaOov ere rov- 
 tou ol arparccorao rov t€ KotpardBrjv Beyovrai o~rpa- 
 T7)ybv ical e^co rod refyovs drrrjXdov. 6 Be KoipardBij? 
 avvrlderai avroh eh tt}V varepaiav irapeaecrOao errl to 
 crrpdrevpua eyjsv teal lepela ical pbdvnv ical a it la ical 
 
 36 irord Tjj arpana. errel he e^rjXOov, 6 ^Ava^lfiios 
 e/cXeiae ra? irvXas ical e/crjpv^ev, ocrns av dXa> evBov 
 
 37 o)V Tcov crtpaTLCDTcov, on rreirpdaerai. ry S' vcrrepata 
 6 KocpardBrjs puev eywv rd lepela ical top pbdvnv rjice 
 ical aX<pora (pipovres eiirovro avrS eticocrcv dvBpes ical 
 olvov aXXoi e'l/coaiv dvBpes ical eXacwv rpeh ical cricopo- 
 Bcov eh dvTjp ocrov eBvvaro pueyiarov (poprcov ical aXXo$ 
 tepopufji'veov. ravra Be KaraOepuevos a>? eirl Bdcrpbevcnv 
 
 38 eOvero. Uevocpoov Be pLerarrepb-^rdpLevos KXeavBpov eice- 
 Xeve Bi,airpd%ai, orrws eh to relj^ps re elaeXOou ical 
 
 39 drrorrXevaai eic Bv^avrlov. ekOcov S' 6 KXeavBpos, 
 MdXa pioXis, e<fyr/, Biarr pd^dp^evos tficG) • Xeyeiv yap* 
 *" Ava^lfiiov, on ovic iirirrjBeiov eirj rovs p,ev crrpanco- 
 ras ttXtjctlov elvai rod refyovs, Uevocpoovra Be evBov 
 rov<; Bv^avrlovs Be aracrcd^ecv ical irovrjpovs elvau rrpbs 
 dXXrjXovs' opboos Be elaievac, e<pr} } eiceXevev, el pueXXois 
 
 40 crvv avroj eiarXeZv. 6 puev Br] tzevocpcov dcnracrdpLevos 
 rovs o~r pandoras etcrco rov rel^ovs diryei crvv KXedvBpa). 
 
BOOK VII. CHAP. I. II. 183 
 
 6 Be Kocpa-rdBr]^ rfj puev irpcoTr) rjfiepa ovtc i/caWtepec 
 ovBe 8L€fM6Tprj<jev ovBev rot? <tt par i<6%ai<s ' ry S' vare- 
 paia TCi puev lepela eio-rtf/cec irapd tov ficopubv Kal Koi- 
 paTdBrjs iarecfxivco/jLevos oj? Qvctcov TrpocreXOcov Be 
 Tcpcacricov 6 AapBavebs Kal Necov o * Aaivaio^ Kal 
 KXedvcop 6 ^OpyopLevLos eXeyov KoLpardSrj pur) Qvecv, 
 o>9 ovy rjyrjcrbpbevov rfj crrpaTia, el pur) Bcocret rd eiriTiq- 
 Beia. 6 Be KeXevei, BiapberpelaOai. eirel Be 7roXXcov4l 
 eveBei ax/Tco ware rjpiepas ctltov eKacrTcp yevecrOao tcov 
 (TrparKOTCJV, dvaXa/3cov rd lepela dirrjeu Kal ttjv arpa- 
 TTjytav direnrcov. 
 
 Necov Be o ^Aatvalos teal $>pwlctko<$ 6 ' Ayaibs /ecu 2 
 <&ikrj<jLo<$ 6 ^Ayaubs Kal IzcwQ ikXt\<$ 6 ^Ayaibs /ecu Tifia- 
 aicov 6 AapBavev? eirepuevov eir\ rfj arparta, /ecu eh 
 /ectopias tcov Spct/ccov 7rpoe\66vTe<z ra? Kara Bv^dvnov 
 eaTparoiTeBevovTO. Kal ol o~TpaT7]yol earacria^ov, 2 
 KXedvcop puev Kal <f>pvvtcrKos 77730? ^evOrjv ftouXopuevot 
 dyeiv eireuOe yap avTOvs, Kal eBcoKe tco puev Xititov, 
 tco Be yvvacKa' Necov Be et? Xeppbvrjcrov, olbpievos, el 
 vtto AaKeBacpLoviois yevoivro, Travrbs civ nrpoeardvai, 
 tov crrpaTevpLaros' TipLaalcov Be rrpovOvpLelro irepav 
 et? ttjv Acriav rrakiv Biafifjvat,, oibpLevo? civ ocKaBe 
 Kare\0elv. Kal ol arparicoTai ravrd e/3ovXovTO. Bia- 3 
 rpifiopuevov Be tou yjpbvou ttoXXoI tcov crTpaTicoTcov, ol 
 p,ev Ta oirXa diroBiBbpievoi KaTa toxjs yebpous direifXeov 
 w? eBvvavTO, ol Be Kal [Bl86vt€<; Ta oirXa KaTa tovs 
 ycopous] €6? Tas TroXeis KaTepayvvovTO. ' Ava<;i{3to<; 0" 4 
 eyaipe TavTa aKoucov, Bta<p0eLp6pievov to aTpaTevpua' 
 tovtcov yap yoyvopuevcov cpeTO puaXoaTa yapltjeaQai 
 tfrapvajBdtyp. 
 
 " AiroifKeovTi Be ^Ava^ifBicp Ik BufavTiou auvavTa 5 
 ' ApLcrTapyps ev Ku^lkco BodBoyos KXedvBpco Bu^avTtov 
 dppLOcrTrjs ' eXeyeTO Be, otl Kal vavapyos BidBoyo<$ 
 UaiXo? oaov ov Trapelrj rjBr) et? c EXXtjo-ttovtov. Kal 6 
 
184 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 ^Avcl^lJSios tw pep ' Apio-rap^a iiricrTeKXeL oiroaovs 
 av evpoi ev Bv^avrla tcdv Kvpov arparicoTcov viroXe* 
 XeLfifiivovs airoSoorOcu' 6 he Kkeavhpos ovheva eire- 
 irpdfcet, aX>\,a teal tovs /cdfjuvovras eOepdirevev ol/CTeLpcov 
 teal dvaytcd^cov oltcla heyeaOab' ^ApLarap^o^ 8' eVel 
 r)X6e rd^oorra, ovtc ekdrrovs TerpaKocriwv direhoTO. 
 
 7 *Av(i%l(Blos he irapairXevcra^ eh Udpiov ireinret nrapd 
 <&apvdf3a^ov Kara rd avjKel/xeva. 6 8' eVel fjadero 
 *Api(TTap-)(ov re rjtcovTa eh Bv^dvTiov dp\xoaT7]V teal 
 'Ava^lftiov ovfcerc vavapypvvTa, 'Ava^ifilov puev 7]fie- 
 Xrjcre, Trpbs 'Aptarap^ov he hieirpaTTeTO rd avrd irepi 
 rod Kvpeiov arparev/jLaro^, direp teal Trpbs 'Avatjificov. 
 
 8 \E/e tovtov 6 ^Ava^lfiios tcaXecras aevcxficovra 
 tceXevei, irdcrr) Teyyr) teal firj^avfj TrXevaai eirl to 
 o-rpdrevjiia co? rdyjcrTa, teal avveyew re avrb teal 
 avvaOpol^eiv tcov hieairapixevwv co? dv TrXeiaTOv; hvvrj- 
 tcli, teal nrapayayovTa eh tt)v HepivOov hca/3ij3d^etv 
 eh tt]v ''Acriav ore rdyicrra' teal hihcocnv avrS rpca- 
 tcbvTopov teal eTTLCTToXrjv teal dvhpa Gvpure^xnrei tceXev- 
 govtcl rovs UepivOiovs co? TayiGTa aevoty&VTa irpo- 
 
 9 irepb^fai roh Xttttol^ eirl to crrpdrev/JLa. teal 6 fiev 
 aevotficov hiairXevaa^ d^LKvelrai eirl to crTpaTevfia* 
 ol he CTTpaTocoTai ihe^avTO ^Seco? teal ev6v$ eXirovTO 
 dcrfxevoi &>? hia(3r]o-bfJLevoi etc ttjs 0pater)<$ eh tt\v 
 3 Act lav. 
 
 10 'O he ^evOi]^ dteovo~a<; r\teovTa iraKiv 7reyLt-v|r<x? irpb^ 
 avTOV teaTa QdXaTTav Mrjhoo-dhyv ehecTO ttjv o~TpaTidv 
 dyetv 7T/309 eavTOV, VTriayyovixevos avTcp, 6, tl weTO 
 Xeycov ireiaeiv. o S' diretepivaTO avrw, otl ovhev olbv 
 
 ] I Te elrj tovtcov yeveaOai. teal 6 fiev TavTa dteovaas 
 coyeTo. ol he e/ E\\7]ve$ eirel dcpiteopTo eh TLepivQov, 
 Necov [lev diroo~7rdo~a<; eaTpaTOirehevcraTO %co/3t? ^X wv 
 &>9 otcTatcoo-LOVs dv0p(*)7rov<;' to h* dXko CTpaTev/ia 
 irdv ev tco avT(p nrapa to ret^o? to UepivOlwv r\v. 
 
BOOK VII. CHAP. II. 185 
 
 Merd ravra 'Eevocfrcov fiev eirparre rrepl ttXoloov, 12 
 oVa)? ore rd^icrra BiafiaZev. ev Be rovrcp d<fc(,K6p.evo$ 
 ^Apiarapyo^; 6 etc Bv^avrtov dp/jboarrj^, e^oov Bvo rpirj- 
 pets, ireTreicrfJLevos vtto ^>apva/3d^ov to£? re vavicXi)poi<$ 
 drrelire /jl?) Bcdyetv e\6cov re errl rb arpdrevjia rot? 
 
 GTpCLTLOdTCLLS €L7T6 fJL7] TTepaiOVadai 6i? T7]V 'A<Tl(lV. O Be 13 
 
 'Eevocj^oov eXeyev, on ' Ava^iftios exekevae teal epue 7rpb$ 
 rovro eirefjb-^rev evOdBe. irdXiv 8' * Apio-rapyos eXeyev, 
 *Ava%if3io<s fxev roivvv ov/cerc vavap%o<;, eyco Be rrjBe 
 dpixoarrj^' el Be riva vjjlcov Xrj^opiai ev rfj SaXdrrrj, 
 KaraBvaoo. ravr elwcov <px eT0 ei? T0 ^et^o?. rfj 8' 14 
 vcrrepaiq pier air eyareTai rov<; arparyyov^ Kal Xoya- 
 yov<$ rod crrparevpLaro^. 77877 he ovrcov 7rpb<> tc5 Telnet 
 i^ayyeXXeo rt? roo 'Bevocpoovro, oro, el ecaeoao, gvXXt)- 
 ^Otjaerao zeal i) avrov to ireicrerao rj zeal <&apva(3d^(p 
 rrapaBoOrjo-erao. 6 Be dicovo~a<s ravra tou? puev irpo- 
 nrefiirerai, avrbs Be elirev oro Qvo~aL ri /3ovXooro. ical 15 
 drreXOoov edvero, el irapelev avrco ol Seol rreopdaOao 
 7T/30? Xevdiqv dyeov rb arpdrevpoa. ecopa yap ovre Boa- 
 (Baiveov do-(f)aXe<; bv rpirjpecs e^ovros rod KooXvaovro^, 
 ovr iirl Xeppovrjaov eXdcbv Kara/cXeoo-Qijvao e/3ovXero 
 teal rb arpdrevfia ev rroXXfj arrdveo irdvroov yeveaOao, 
 evOa ireiQeo-Qai poev dvdyfa] ru> exec dppioo-rfj, rcov Be 
 eironqBeiodv ovBev epoeXXev e^eov rb crrpdrevpoa. 
 
 Kal 6 poev dfMpl ravr el^ev ol Be arparyyol Kal 16 
 Xoyayol rpcovre^ irapd rod 'Apoorrdp^ov dirrjyyeXXov, 
 on vvv fiev drroevao o-<fia<; KeXeveo, tt}? BeLXr)<$ Be tf/ceiv 
 evOa teal BijXrj pLdXXov iBo/cec y errofiovXr). 6 ovv 17 
 'Eevocjicov, eirel eBbfcei rd lepd /ca\d elvac avru> Kal tc3 
 arparevpuarc dacpaXa)^ Trpbs %ev6r]V levat, 7rapaXaj3oov 
 JloXvKpdrr\v rbv 'Adrjvalov Xo^aybv /cat rrapd rcov 
 arparrjycov e/edcrrov dvBpa, irXrjv rrapd Necovos, & 
 e/cao~ros eiriarevev, op^ero rrjs vvtcrbs eVl rb %ev0ov 
 arpdrevjia e^rjKOvra ardBca. eirel S' iyyvs rjaav avrov, 18 
 
 
186 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 eiriTvy^dvei Trvpots eprj/jiois. /cal to fiev irpcoTOv aero 
 /jLeTafce^coprj/civac irou tov HievOrjv • eirel he QopvjSov re 
 fjaOero /cal arjfiaivovTCdv aXhnffkois tcov irepl %ev9r)v } 
 /cari/iaOev, ore tovtov eve/ca tcl irvpa /ce/cavfieva elr) 
 rep XevOy irpo rebv vv/CTO<pvXaKcov, 07T&)? ol puev <fiv\a/ce<s 
 
 /LL7) OpipVTO iv TCO GKOTei qVt69 fltfre OTTOGOL fJbTjTe OTTQV 
 
 elev, ol he 7rpocri6vTes [irj XavOdvoiev, aXXd hid to <£co9 
 
 19 /ca,Ta<j)avei<z elev iwel he rfaOeTO, TTpoirepnrei tov epfJLT]- 
 vea, ov eTvy^avev eywv, /cal elirelv iceXeveu Sevdrj, otl 
 Eevocfrcov irdpecTTb /3ov\,6{Aevo$ avyyeveaQai clvtw. ol 
 he rjpovTO, el 6 ^AOrjvaZos 6 dirb tov crTpaTev/JLaTO?. 
 
 20 iTreihrj he hcj)?] ovtos elvai dva7T7}hrjcravTes ehico/cov • /cal 
 oklyov vcrTepov iraprjcrav 7re\TacrTal ocrov hia/cocrioi, 
 /cal TrapaXafiovTes Xevo<J)a)VTa /cal tqvs o~vv avTM rjyov 
 
 217T/90? Xevdrjv. 6 h' rjv ev Tvpaei fidXa <j>v\aTTOfjLevo<;, 
 /cal Xttttqi irepl avTrjv kvk\g) iyKe^aXLVco/jievot. hia yap 
 tov cj)6/3ov tcls fiev rjfJLepas i%i\ov tovs Xttttovs, to? he 
 
 22 vv/CTa? iy/ce^dXcvcofievoL^ e<pvXaTTeTO. iXeyero yap 
 /cal TrpocrOev Tr\p7)<; 6 tovtov irpoyovos ev TavTjj tj} 
 %oopq> iroXv eyjsv aTpdrevjua virb tovtcov tcov dvhpcov 
 ttoWov? diroXeaav /cal tcl a/cevo<popa d^aipeOrjvat • 
 rjaav §' ovtol Ovvol, nrdvTCov Xeyo/xevoi elvac yidXiGTa 
 vv/ctos 7ro\e/iLfccoTaTOi. 
 
 23 "Eirel §' eyyij^ rjarav, e/ceXevaev elcre\6elv ttevo- 
 <f)(ovTa eyovTa hvo, ovs /3ov\oito. i7reihr} he evhov 
 rjcrav, rjcrird^ovTO fjuev irpcoTov dWtfXovs /cal Kara tov 
 ©pdfciov vofiov /cepara olvov irpovirivov iraprjv he /cal 
 M7]hoo~dhr}s tco Xevdrj, ocrirep eirpecr(3evev avTM irdv- 
 
 24 Toae. eireiTa he Uevocfroov Jjpx 6T0 X&yew/, "Eirefju'^ras 
 7rpb$ ifie, 3) ^evdrj, et? KaX^hova Trp&Tov Mrjhoadhrjv 
 tovtovl, heSfievos /ulov crvjJL7rpo0v{A7)0r]vai, hiafir\vai to 
 aTpdrevfia e/c t?}9 'Aala<;, /cal viriayyovixevo^ JjLol, el 
 TavTa Trpd^aijju, ev Troirjcreiv, &)9 ecprj M^hoadhT]^ ov- 
 
 2£ T09. TavTa elircbv eirrjpeTO tov JYLrjhocrdhrjv, el d\7]6rj 
 
BOOK VII. U1I/VP. II. 187 
 
 ravr ecr). 6 S' ecprj. Avdus r/Xde MrjSoadSrjs ovtos, iirel 
 iyco 8iej3rjv TrdXiv hfi to GTpaTevp^a ete Ilaplov, viti- 
 ayvovjJLevos, el dyoLfii to crTpaTevpia irpos ere, TaXXa Te 
 ere d>l\fp fJLOi ^pijcreaOac teal d$eX<fioo teal tcl eirl QaXaTTy _ 
 fioi ywpia, SiV crv tepaTeis, ecrecrOai irapa crov. eirl 26 
 tovtols irdXiv eirrjpeTO tov MrjSoo-dSrjv, el eXeye TavTa. 
 6 $e crvvecfir) teal TavTa. "I6c vvv, eefir], defrrjyrjcraL tov- 
 tw, tL croc aireKpivdyuriv ev KaX^rjBovi irpooTOV. Aire- 27 
 tepivoo, oti to crTpaTev/jLa $iaj3r)o~ot,TO els Bv^dvTiov teal 
 ovBev tovtov eveiea Seoc TeXelv ovTe crol ovTe ctXXop' 
 avTos 8e, eirel hiaj3atr}^, dirikvai ecf>7]cr0a' teal eyeveTO 
 ovtcos cocnrep crv eXeyes. Tl yap eXeyov, ecf)7], ot€ teaTa 28 
 ^7]Xv/3piau dcpL/cov ; Ov/e ecprjcrOa olov Te elvai, dXX! 
 els HepivOov ekOovTas Siaftaiveiv els ttjv 'Acrlav. Nvv 29 
 tolvw, e<f>7] 6 aevocpcov, Trdpeifiu teal iyco teal ovtos 
 $>pvvlo-ieos els tcov o~TpaT7jycov teal UoXvtepdTrjS ovtos 
 els tcov Xo^aycov, teal e^co elcrlv dirb tcov crTpaTrjyoov 
 
 6 TTLCTTOTaTOS etedcTTCp 7rXr]V NeCOVOS TOV AcLKOOVLKOV. 
 
 el ovv fiovkei iricrTOTepav elvau ttjv irpa^iv, teal eteel- 30 
 vovs tedXeaat. tcl Se oirXa crv iXOoov elue, a> TloXv- 
 tepaTes, oti iyco teeXevco tcaTaXnrelv, teal avTos eteei 
 KaTaXarcov tt)v yudyaipav ecaedc. 
 
 ' 'Ateovaas TavTa 6 Xev6r}s elirev, oti ovSevl av din-Si 
 GT7]creiev ' Adt]vaicov teal yap oti avyyevels elev elhevai 
 teal (friXovs evvovs e(j)rj vo/AL^eLv. fieTa TavTa D\ iirel 
 elcrr}X6ov ovs eBei, irpwTOV Bevoefrcov eTrrjpeTO ^evQrjv, 
 o, Ti SioLTO yjpr\crQai >ffj crTpaTca. 6 Se elirev cb8e. 32 
 MaLcrd8r)<; rjv TraTrjp pLOt, e/eelvov Se rjv dp^rj MeXav- 
 hlrai teal Gvvol teal Tpavtyat. etc TavTrjs ovv tt}9 
 'fcobpas, iirel tcl 'OSpvcroov irpdypbaTa evoarrjcrev, etcTre- 
 aoov o nraTr\p avTos puev aTrodvijcrteet vocrco, eyco 8' 
 e£eTpd(pr]v 6p<fiavbs irapa MtjSokoj too vvv j3aatXeL. 
 eVel Se veavicrteos eyev6pL7]v, ovte ehvvdjJLrjv £t)v els dXXo- 33 
 Tpiav Tpdire^av dirofiXeTrodv teal itea0e^6fir]v evSicfrptos 
 
188 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 avrS iKeT7]<; Bovval /jloo oiroaovs Bvvarb? e'lrj avBpa^ 
 oVaj? Kal rov$ ifcfSaXovras rjfjbd^ el tl Bvvaljubrjv fca/cbv 
 
 TTOlOLTjV KOL ^7]V jJbTj 6l<$ T7]V 6K6LV0V TpdlTe^aV CUTTofiXi- 
 
 Mircov cocnrep kvcov. e/c rovrov jjloi BlBcoat tovs avBpas 
 Kal rovs lirirovs, ovs vfiel^ 6^rea6e, eireiBdv rj/iepa 
 yevrjrat. teal vvv eyco £w rovrovs e^cov, A-fy^o/xez/o? 
 tt)v ejuavrov rrarpwav yoapav. el Be jjloi, u/xefc rrapa- 
 yevoiaOe, olfiai av avv rol$ $eot? paBlcos diroXafSelv 
 
 T7]V ap^YjV. TCLVT larlv Ob ijCO VjJLG)V heOfJLCLL. 
 
 35 Tl av ovv, ecpT] 6 Izevocficbv, av Bvvaio, el eX6oi{j,ev, 
 ttj re arparia BiBovai Kal rots \o%ayois teal rots arpa- 
 
 36 rrjyols ; Xe^ov, Xva ovroi dirayyeXXcoaiv. 6 S' inre- 
 a%ero rep puev arparioorrj kv^cktjvov, tw Be Xo^ayS 
 Bijuoiplav, ru> Be arparrjyw rerpa^ioiplav, teal yrjv, 
 qitog7]v av fiovXcovTac, fcal ^evyrj Kal ywplov eirl Qa- 
 
 37 Xdrry rereiyiap.evov. 'Edv Be, ecfrr) 6 tZevo^cov, ravra 
 ireipoafievoL fiy BiaTrpd^cofiev, dXXd Tt? 06/3o? dirb 
 Aa/ceSaL/jLovioov fj, Be^rj eU rr\v aeavrov, idv res dirievai 
 
 38 /3ovXr)Tai, irapd ere ; o B elrre, Kal dBeXcpov? ye iroir)- 
 crojjLac Kal ivBufiplovs Kal kolvcdvovs drrdvrcov cov av 
 BwcopieOa KrdaOat. crol Be, c5 aevocfroov, Kal Qvyarepa 
 Bcaaco Kal, el rt? crol eari S-vydrrjp, covrfao/iat ©paKi<p 
 vojjlo), Kal Biaavd^v oIkyjctiv Bcoaco, oirep epuol KaXXc- 
 arov yutplov earl rcov eirl S-aXdrrrj. 
 
 3 'AKovaavres ravra Kal Bellas Bovres Kal Xafiovres 
 
 CLTrrjXavvov • Kal irpb rjfiepas iyevovro eirl tg3 arparo- 
 
 2 rreB(o Kal drrtfyyeiXav eKaaroi rols Trepb^raaiv. eirel 
 Be rj/Mepa eyevero, 6 puev ^ Aplcrrapyo^ itclXiv eKaXei rovs 
 crrparriyovs Kal Xo^ayov^' rot? 6' eBo^e rrjv /xev irpbs 
 * Aplcrrapyov 6Bbv edaai, to Be arpdrevfia crvyKaXeaai. 
 Kal avvrjXOov irdvres irXrjv ol Necovos' ovroi Be direl- 
 
 3 yov &>9 BeKa ardBia. eirel Be avvrjXOov, dvaards &evo- 
 <plbv elrre rdBe. "AvBpes, BiairXelv jjuev evOa j3ovXopLe6a 
 Aplcrrapyos rpir)pei<$ e%cov KcoXvei, ware eh rrXola 
 
BOOK VII. CHAP. III. 189 
 
 ovk aG(pa\e<; ififiaiveiv ovto? 8e 6 avrbs /ceXevei eh 
 XeppbvrjGOV ftlq §ia rod lepov opovs iropeveaOai' rjv 
 8e KparrjcravTes rovrov i/ceicre eXOco/iev, ovre rrw\r\GeLV 
 en v/x&s <f>r)aiv cocTTrep ev Bv^avrlw, ovre e^arrarrjGe- 
 ctOcll en v/ids, dXkd \r)-^r€a6ao jaigOov, ovre rrepib-^re- 
 cr6ai en coGirep vvvl Seo/xevovs rwv eirtrTjSeLcov. ovros 4 
 fM€p ravra \eyec Xevdys 8e cfrrjGiv, av 77-/209 ifcelvov 
 crjre, ev ironqaeiv v/ids. vvv ovv cKeyjracrde, irbrepov 
 evOdoe fievovres rovro fiovXevaeaOe r) eh rd eTirrjheta 
 eiraveXOovres. epiol puev ovv hoKel, eirel ivOaZe ovre 5 
 dpyvpiov eyoyuev coare dyopd^eiv ovre dvev dpyvpiov 
 icjcrc Xapftdveiv rd emrv^eia, eirave\6bvra^ eh rd? 
 K(i>ijlcl<$, 66 ev ol tjttovs icoGi \apLj3dvecv, eKel eyovras 
 rd e7rcrijoeia dicovovras, 6, re Tt? v/jlcov Selrac, alpel- 
 adai, o, re av v[xlv hoicy icpdriGrov elvai. zeal otw, 6 
 e(p7], ravra So/eel, dpdrco riyv yeipa. dvkreivav arrav- 
 T€?. ' Ambvre^ roivvv, e<p7], avatcevd^eaOe, ical erreiodv 
 rrapayyeXky ris, eireaOe ru> r\yov\xevw. 
 
 Merd ravra pievo<fi(bv fiev rjyelro, ol 8' eXirovro, 7 
 Necov Be ical rrap ' Apiardpyov aKXoi eireiQov drrorpe- 
 rrecrQai' ol 8' ov% vrrrjicovov. errel 8' ocrov rpiaKovra 
 crraSlovs irpoeXrfKvOeaav, drravra XevOrjs. /cal 6 'Bevo- 
 <})(bv l8o)V avrbv irpoae\daai i/ceXevcrev, ottcds ore ifXel- 
 crrcov d/covbvrcov eliroi avrai d iSo/cet Gv/x(pepecv. eirel 8 
 he. 7rpoarj\6ev, elire lievocfiwv, 'Hfieh 7ropev6fieda orrov 
 fjieXkei e^eiv rb crrpdrev/na rpo(p/jv i/cei 8' d/covovres 
 fcal gov ical rwv rov Aa/ccovi/cov alprjGOfieOa a av icpd- 
 rcara Soktj elvai. rjv ovv tj/jlIv v t y7}crri orrov ifkelard 
 iariv emrriheLa, V7rb gov vofiLovftev e^eviGOai. tca\ 6 9 
 XevOrjs e<fir), 'A\\d olSa /cco/ias iroWds dQpbas /cal 
 rrdvra e-fcovGas rd eTTtr^oeia direyovGa^; rj/xcov ogov 
 8ie\6ovres av ^Sea)? dpLGrwrjre. 'Hyov roivvv, e$>7) 6 
 Hevocjycbv. eVel 8' d^Uovro eh avrds 7779 SelXrjSj 10 
 GwrjXOov 01 Grparitorat, teal elire £ev9r]s TOidSe. 
 
190 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 'Eyw, &> avBpes, Beopbau v/icov o-rparevecrOai, avv e/xol, 
 Kal virKyyvovyuai vjjLiv Bcocreiv to£? arpaTicDTcus xvfy- 
 kt]v6v, \o%a<yo2$ Be Kal GTparri<yoL$ rd vojiiL^o/xeva' e^co 
 Be tovtcov tov d^tov ti/jL?]ctcd. crlra Be Kal ttotcl coairep 
 Kal vvv ifc T779 %copa? Xajjbj3dvovTe$ e^ere' oiroaa 8' 
 av aXLcr/crjrac atjicocrco ai)Tos eyeiv, Xva ravra BoaTL0e- 
 11/xe^o? v/jllv tov paaQov Tropica. Kal rd fiev (frevyovra 
 /cat diroBiBpao fcovra 7)[ieZ<; l/cavol iao/ieOa BccoKetv Kal 
 /jLauTeveLV av Be Tt? dvOco-TTjrai, arvv vjjllv ireipaab- 
 
 12 jjueOa yeipov(jQai. eirrjpeTO 6 &evo(pcbv, Uoaov Be airo 
 QaXdrTTjs d^LGocreLS GweirecrOal croi to o-TpaTevjAa ; 
 6 8' dnreKpivaTO) OvBa/JLJ} irXeiov eirTa rjfAepwv, fxelov 
 Be iroXXa^fj. 
 
 13 MeTa TavTa iBlBoTO Xeyeiv to3 jBovKojievcp • Kal 
 eXeyov iroXXol KaTa TavTa, oti iravTos a%ia Xeyoi 
 %ev0r]$' %ei{jL(bv yap elr\ Kal ovTe oiKaBe diroirXelv tS 
 tovto /3ov\ojuLev(p BvvaTov eh], BiayeveaOai Te iv <^iXia 
 ov% olov t ecrj, el Beoc atvov/jievovs ^fjv, ev Be ttj 7roXe- 
 pbia BiaTpifBeiv Kal Tpe<fiea0at, dacpaXeaTepov jxeTa 
 XevOov i) fiovovs ovtcov dyadcov touovtcov el Be [iiaObv 
 
 14 TrpoaXrj^roLVTO, evprj/ia eBoKev elvai. eVl tovtois eiire 
 aevotpcbv, El T£? dvTiXeyei, XeyeTco' el Be /juj, eVii|r^- 
 (pi^eTCD TavTa. eVel Be ovBels dvTeXeyev, eire-^rrjcfcicre, 
 Kal eBo^e TavTa. ei)0i)<; Be XevOy elire TavTa, oti 
 crvaTpaTevaoivTO avT&. 
 
 15 MeTa tovto ol fJLev aXXoi KaTa Ta^eis io~Krjv7]crav, 
 arTpaTTjyovs Be Kal Xo^ayovs eirl Belirvov Sev07]s eKa- 
 
 16 Xecre, ttXtjcflov kgi)/jL7)v e%a>z/. eirel S' eirl Qvpais rjaav 
 fe>9 eirl Belirvov irapiovTes, rjv rt? c HpaKXelBr]<; Mapoa- 
 veLT7]<?' ovtos irpocncbv kvl eKaaTcp ovGTiva^ d>eTO eyeiv 
 Ti Bovvai 'Xev0rj, irpcoTOV fiev 7rpo? Uapiavovs Ttvas, 
 ot Traprjcrav fyiXiav Biairpa^bybevoi irpbs MrjBoKov tov 
 'OBpvcrcov ftacriXea Kal Bcbpa dyovTes avTw Te Kai tjj 
 yvvaiKL, eXeyev, oti M^Bokos fiev dvco eXr\ BcoBeKa 
 
BOOK VII. chap. ni. 191 
 
 rj/iepcbv curb SaXdrrr}? bhov, Xev9r)<$ S' eirel to arpd- 
 
 T€VfJLa TOVTO €L~\,7]({)eV, dp^CDV 6G0LT0 €7tI QakcLTTr). 
 
 yelrcov ovv wv iKavaoraro^ earau vjjlols Kal ev teal /ca/cw? 17 
 iroielv. rjv ovv aaHppovrjre, tovtw hd>aere 6, tl dyere' 
 Kal afiELVOV vpXv hiaK.eiae.Tai rj edv MrjhoKw tw irpoaw 
 oIkovvtl Score, tovtovs fiev ovtcjs eireiOev. av0is he 18 
 TtfiaaLcovi roi) Aaphavel irpoae\6d>v, ewel rjKOvaev avrS 
 elvai Kal iKTrcofiara Kal Tdirihas /3apj3apLKa<;, eXeyev, 
 ore vo/Jbl^oLTO, oirore eirl heiirvov KdXeaai 2ev6r]<z, hco- 
 peladai avrw tovs kXrjOevras. oi/ro? 8' rjv fieyas 
 evddhe yevrjrai, iKavbs earat, ae Kal otKahe tcarayayelv 
 Kal evddhe irXovaiov iroiijaat. Toiavra irpov/ivaro 
 eKciarco irpoauov. irpoae\6cbv he Kal aevo^cbvn eXeye, 19 
 %v Kal iroXecos fieyiaT7)<; el Kal irapa Xevdy to abv 
 ovofia fieytarov eari, Kal ev rfjhe rfj %c6p<z tcra)? d%id)- 
 cret? Kal TelyT] \a\xf$dveiv, coairep Kal aXXoi rebv vfMeri- 
 pwv eXafiov, Kal ydtpav d^uov ovv aoi Kal pbeyaXo- 
 irpeirearara rifjLrjaat XevQnqv. evvov<; hi aot coi/20 
 irapatvcb • ev olha yap, oti oa<o av fiel^ay tovtcd hco- 
 prjarj, ToaovTM /xel^o) virb tovtov dyaOa ireiarj. clkovcdv 
 ravra aevocficbv rjiropei' ov yap hiajBe^rjKei eywv e/c 
 Uaplov el fir) iralha Kal oaov e<pohiov. 
 
 'Eirel he elarfxOov eirl to heiirvov rwv re QpaKcbv 21 
 ol KpariaroL rebv irapovrcov Kal ol arparrjyol Kal ol 
 Xo)(ayol rebv 'EXXrjvcov Kal e'l T£? irpeafiela iraprjv curb 
 7roXeco9, to heiirvov fiev rjv KadrjfjLevois kvkXw' eireira 
 he Tptirohes elar)ve^6r]aav iraacv ovtoi S' rjaav Kpecbv 
 fiearol vevejuajjuevcov, Kal aproi ^vfilrao fieydXoL irpoa- 
 ireirepovrj/jLevoi rjaav irpbs rols Kpeaai. fidXtara h '22 
 at rpdire^ai Kara robs <~evov<; del erlOevTO' vo/nos yap 
 rjv. Kal irp&ros tovto eiroleu XevOiqs' dveXofievos tovs 
 eavra) TrapaKeipuevovs aprovs hieKXa Kara fiiKpov Kal 
 hteppiTTTei ol? avro) ehoKei, Kal rd Kpea (baavrcos, oaov 
 uovov yevaaadah eavrw KaraXL7rcov. Kal ol aWot he 23 
 
192 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 Kara ravrd eiroiovv, fcad' ou? at rpdire^ai e/cecvro. 
 'Ap/cas he Tt? ''Apvaja^ ovo/ia, cfrayeiv Sewos, to puev 
 hiapparrelv eca yaipeiv, XajScov he el<? rrjv %elpa ocrov 
 Tpiyoiviicov dprov Kal /cpea S-epuevos eirl rd yovara 
 
 24 eheiirvei. Kepara he otvou 7repce<pepov, Kal 7rdvre<; ehe- 
 'XpvTO' 6 8' 'Apvcrra 1 ;, e7rel Trap' avrbv (pepcov to Kepas 
 6 oivo'xpos rjtcev, elirev Ihoov rov aevocpcovra ov/cerc hec- 
 irvovvra, 'E/ceivq), e<fcr), So?* cr^oXd^ec yap ijhr), eyeb 
 
 25 he ovheirco. a/covcras Xev6r}<$ tt)v (ficovTjv rjpeora rov 
 olvoyoov, ruXeyoc. 6 he oivo^oos elirev eXXrjvL^eLV yap 
 r)irLo~Taro. evravOa puev hrj yeXay? iyevero. 
 
 26 'Eirel he irpovyd>pei 6 iroros, elar)X6ev dvr)p @pd£ 
 Lirirov e^cov XeuKov, /cal Xaficov icepas pbecrrbv elire, 
 TJpoirlvco gov, a) XevOr), teal rov Xttitov tovtov hcopov- 
 fiai, i(j) ov Kal hccoKcov bv dv S-eXrjs alpiqaei^ real diro- 
 
 27 yu>p&v ov pur) heio-ys rov iroXepaov. aXXos. iralha 
 eiaayaycov ovtcds ehcopTjcraro 7rpo7rlvcov, Kal dXXos 
 IfAaria rfj yvvaucL Kal TtfiacrLCOv irpoirLVcov ehcopi]- 
 craro (jzidXrjv re dpyvpav Kal rdiriha d^iav heKa jjlvcov. 
 
 28 Tvrjcniriros he rt? *Adrjvalo<$ dvao~rd<; elirev, ore dp- 
 yaios ecr) vbp,o$ KaXXcaro^ tov<$ fiev e^ovra^ hihbvat, 
 too fiacriXel tl/jLt)^ eveKa, tols Be pur) eypvo~i hihovat rov 
 fiao-ikea, Xva Kal eyco, e§r], e^a> aou hcopelcrOac Kal 
 
 29 TL/idv. 6 Be aevocpcov rjiropelro, 6, tl iroiiqo-ei' Kal yap 
 ervyyavev &)? TipLcbpLevos ev tw irXTjacaordrq) hlcppa) 
 XevOrj KaOrjfjLevos. 6 he 'HpaKXelhrjs eKeXevev avro) 
 to Kepas ope^ai tqv olvoyoov. o he aevo<pcov, rjhrj yap 
 viroireira)Ka)<; eivyyavev, dvecmf] S-appaXecos he^dpuevos 
 
 30 to Kepa<; Kal elirev, 'Eyco he croc, o) XevOr), hlhco/Mt 
 i/iavrbv Kal rovs e'^ou? tovtovs eralpovs (j>i\ovs elvai 
 7rtcrT0v^, Kal ovheva dicovra, dWd rrdvra^ fidWov ere 
 
 31 ipbov aou fiovXopbevovs <f)L\ovs elvai. Kal vvv irdpeiaiv 
 ovhev ae irpoGaiTovvTe^, dXXd Kal irpole/ievoL Kai iro- 
 velv inrep aou Kal irpOKivhweveiV eOeXovre^' fied' &v, 
 
BOOK VII. CHAP. III. 193 
 
 av ol Qeol QeXcocri, iroXkrjv %cbpav rrjv /lev diro'Xri'^rrj 
 rrarpcbav ovcrav, rrjv Be /crrjcrr), ttoWovs Be ittttovs, 
 7roWov<; Be avBpas teal <yvval/ca<; /car a /err) ay, ov$ ov 
 \7]L^eadaL Beijcrei, akX avrol cjzepovres rrapeorovrai 7rpo? 
 ore Bcbpa. avacTTa? 6 XevQr)<$ avve^eirce /cal /careatce- 32 
 odaaro puerd rovro to /cepas. fierd ravra elcrr]X6ov 
 Kepaal re o'lol^ arj/Jbalvovcnv avXovvrt^ /cal aakiriy^iv 
 (hfjLo{3oipaLS pvOfiov? re /cal dlov fiaydBi aaXirl^ovre^.^ 
 /cal aurbs 2ev0r)<? dvacrrds dve/cpaye re irdXepa/cbv teal 33 
 etj/jXaro cbarrep /3e\o? (f)v\arr6fievo<; pudXa eXacfipcbs. 
 elarjecrav Be /cal yeXcor otto ioL 
 
 e J2s 8' r)v rfKios iirl Bvafials, dvecrrrjcrav ol ' EX-oi 
 Xrjve? /cal elirov, on cbpa vv/crocfivXafcas /caOcardvac /cal 
 avvOrjpLa irapaBiBbvai. /cal XevQrjv i/ceXevov rrapay- 
 yeiXai, oVaj? et? rd c EXXr]VL/ca arparbireBa pL7]Bel<; rebv 
 Opa/ca)i> elaeicn vv/cros' oi re yap rroXepiioi Qpa/ces 
 7}pXv koX vfiels ol (plXot. a;? B e^rjeaav, Gwaveart] 6 35 
 XevOri<i obBev n puedvovn eoi/ccos. i£eX0cbv S' elirev 
 avroix; tou? arparrjyov^ drrotcaXeGas, ^12 dvBpes, ol 
 7roXepLCOL rjfichv ov/c Xaaai irco tt)v rjfierepav ovfifia^lav* 
 i)v ovv eXOwfiev err avrovs irplv <fiv\d%acr6ai (bare fir) 
 XrjtpOfjvaL i) irapaaKevdaaadai (bare dpuvvaaQai, fid- 
 Xicrra av Xd{3ocp.ev /cal dvOpaoTrovs /cal ^p-q/xara. 
 avveTnjvovv ravra ol crrparrjyol /cal ^yelcrOav e/ceXevov. 36 
 6 8' elire, Uapacr/ceuao-d/jLevoo dvapbevelre- iyco Be, 
 brrbrav /caipbs y, 7]^co irpbs v/ias, ical rovs rreXraard^ 
 /cal vpbd^ dvaXaficov r)yijaopLai, avv rot? 3-eois. /cal 6 37 
 ttevocpcbv elire, ^/ce^ao roivvv, elirep vv/crbs rropevab- 
 fieOa, el 6 * EXXrjvi/cbs vbfios /cdXXtov eyeu* pueO' rjpLepav 
 /jiev yap iv rals Tropelais r)yelrao rov crrparevfiaro^ 
 birolov av del irpbs rr)v yo>pav crvficpeprj, idv re bifXi- 
 ri/cbv idv re TreXracrrtfcbv idv re Ittttl/cov vv/crcop Be 
 vojaos rot? r EXki^aiv r)<yeladai iari rb fipaBvrarov • 
 oi'nco yap v/ctcrra Biaairdrai rd crrparev/iara /cal 38 
 
 9 
 
194 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 ^KicTTaXavOavovaiv aTToBiBpdcncovTes dWrjXovs' ol Bi 
 BiacnracrQkvTes irdKXdtci? teal irepiTrliTTOvaiv dXXrjXois 
 
 39 /cal ayvoovvres /ca/ceos ttoiovgi /cal Trdo-yovaiv. elirev 
 ovv Xev6r}<z, '0/3#o>? re XeyeTe /cal iyca ra> vopLM tw 
 vfierepG) ireicropLai. /cal viuv puev rjyepLovas Bcoaco tcov 
 7rp€a^vrdTcop roi)s ipLireipoTdTovs tt}? %chpa<; } avrb? 
 S' i<pe^rofiat, reXevrcuos tou9 Xttttovs e%cov ra^v yap 
 TrptoTos, av Bey, Trapecro/Jbai. GVvQr\\xa S' elirov 'A0r)- 
 vaiav Kara Tr)v crvyyeveiav. ravr elirovres dveirav- 
 
 OVTO. 
 
 40 'Hvixa o' r)v a/xcpl pLecras vvktcls, iraprjv Xev0r)$ 
 eycov tovs iirireas TeOcopa/ao-fievovs /cal rovs wekra- 
 ora? crvv Toh ottXois. /cal eirel irapeBco/ce tovs r)ye- 
 fjiovas, ol fiev oifklrai rjyovvro, ol Be TreXraaral eiirovro, 
 
 Hoc 8* t7T7ret? co7ria0O(pvXd/covv. iirel S' r)p,epa r)v, o 
 ^evOrj^ Traprfkavvev eh to irpocrOev /cal iiryveae top 
 r EX\rjviKov vofiov rrroXXd/as yap ecfry vv/cTcop avrbs 
 /cal crvv oXiyois Tropevofievos dirocnTaaQr\vai crvv Toh 
 lirirois dnrb tcov ire^cov vvv B\ coaTrep Bel, dOpooi 
 irdvTes dfia rfj rj/iepci cfiaLvo/xeBa. dXXd (spiels puev 
 Trepijuevere avrov /cal dvairavecrOe, iyco Be a/ce^rdpuevos 
 
 42 ti iq^co. lavr elircov rfkavve Bi* opovs 6B6v Tiva Xa- 
 fiebv. iirel S' acpi/cero eh %tova ttoXXtjv, ecr/ce^aro, 
 el elrj lyyr) dvBpcoTrcov r) irpocrco . fjyovfieva i) ivavria. 
 
 43 iirel Be drpij3P] ecopa rr/v 6B6v, rjice ra-^v irdXtv /cal 
 eXeyev, "AvBpes, /caXcos ecrrai, rjv $eo? S-eXy toi>? yap 
 dv6pci)TTOVS XrjcropLev iirareaovTe^. dXtC iyeb puev r)yrj- 
 cropbai tols i7T7roi<>, ottcos, civ nva iBcopbev, p,r) Bia- 
 (pvycbv crrjfirjvr] rols irokefiloi^' y/xeZ? 8' eireaOe' /cav 
 \ei(f)0r)Te, rep cttl[3g} tcov r iiriroov eireaOe. vTrep(3dvTe<$ 
 Be tc\ opy rj^o/iev eh /ccofia^ 7roXXa? re /cal evBal- 
 fiovas. 
 
 44 tiviKa o r)v fiecrov r)jjLepa$, 7]otj t€ r)v eiri rot? 
 a/cpots /cal KaTiBcbv ra? /coofias rj/cev iXavvcov 7T/30? tov<s 
 
BOOK VII. CHAP. III. IV. 195 
 
 07rXtra? /cal ekeyev, 'Acfrtfaco rjSrj /caraOelv rov$ fiev 
 lirrreas eh rb rreBlov, tou9 Be rreXraaras eifi rds /cco- 
 /jlcls. dX)C erreaOe &>? av BvvrjaOe rdyjuara, ottcos, edv 
 rt? vcf)i,<TTr)Tcu, a\et;7)cr6e. d/covaa^ ravra 6 &evocf)cov 45 
 KCLTefir] airo rod Xirirov. /cal o? r/pero, Tt /cara/3acveL<;, 
 eirel airevBecv Bel ; OlBa, ecprj, on ov/c epiov puovov Bey • 
 ol 8' oirXlrao Sarrov Bpapuovvrac /cal tjBiov, eav /cal 
 eya) 7re£o? ^yw/xat. fiera ravra ar^ero, /cal Tipbaaicov 46 
 fier avrov e^wiflrnreh co? rerrapd/covra rwv 'EWrjvcov. 
 Eevocptev Be iraprjyyvrjae rovs eh rpid/covra errj irapie- 
 vai drrb roiv Xo^cov evfavovs. /cal avrbs fiev erpbyaQs. 
 rovrov? e^cov, KXedvcop B rjyelro rcov aXXcov 'EXXtf- 
 vcdv. eVet B ' iv rah /ca>/mi? rjaav, 2!ev6r)<; eywv oaov 47 
 rpid/covra Irnreas rrpoaeXdaas dire, TdBe Br), co 'Bevo- 
 <f)0)v, a av eXeyes' eyovrai ol avOpwrrot,* dXXa yap 
 eprj/ioi ol Irnreh oXyovral /jlol aXXos aXXy Bccokcov 
 real BeBoi/ca fir) avardvres dOpooi itov /ca/cov ri epyd- 
 acovrau ol rroXepaoi. Bel Be /cal iv rah /coo/iacs /cara- 
 fievecv TLvas r)[xo)V ■ /xearal ydp elaiv dv0pco7rcov. 'AXX* 48 
 iyco puev, e(f)7j 6 aevo(j)cbv, avv oh eyjy ra atcpa /cara- 
 Xityofiab ■ av Be KXedvopa /ceXeve Bid rod rreBlov rrapa- 
 relvai rrjv cpdXayya irapa ra<; /coofias. iirel Be ravra 
 irrotrjaav, awrfkiaOrjaav dvBpdiroBa puev a>? ylXia, 
 j36e$ oe Bia^iXioi, rrp6(3ara dXXa [ivpta. rore fiev Br) 
 avrov rjvXia6r]aav. 
 
 Tfj 8' varepata /cara/cavaa<; 6 Xev6v)<$ ra? /cco/ias 4 
 7ravre\a)<; /cat olfctav ov&epLiav \L7rdov, ottcds cf)6/3ov ev- 
 Beur] /cal roh aXkots, ola rreiaovrai, av pur] irelOcovrai, 
 drrrjei rrakiv. /cal rrjv fiev \elav drreirepL-^re hiariOe- 2 
 a6ai 'HpaKXeiSrjv eh UepivOov, 07t<d? av pLiaObs yevoiro 
 roh arparicorai^' • avrbs Be ical ol "EXkrjves iarparo- 
 nrehevovro dva rb Qvv&v rreSlov. ol 6' eKkurrbvre^ 
 ecf)evyov eh ra op?], rjv Be yicov ttoWtj /cal ^{^09 3 
 ovro)9, coare rb vBcop, b icpepovro errl Belrrvov, err^yvvro 
 
196 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 ■ 
 
 teal 6 olvos 6 iv toZs dyyelocs, teal tcov ^Xkrjvcot 
 
 4 iroXXtov teal plves direKalovro /ecu wra. kcu Tore BrjXov 
 iyivero, ov evetca ol Opa/ces Tas dXwireKlBas iirl to-?? 
 KecpaXals (popovon teal tols coal, teal yiT&vas ov jjlovov 
 
 7T€pl T069 CFTepVOLS dXXd KCLL 7T6pl Tols JjLTjpOLS, fCCtl %€(,- 
 
 pas ^XP b T ^ )V 7ro ^ v c^ T ^ )l ' r L7r7T(ov eyovaiv, ahX ov 
 
 5 / x\ajjLv8as. d<fiiels Be tcov al^jiaXdarcov 6 ^evdrjs els 
 tcl opt] eXeyev, ore, el pur) Kara(3i]o-ovrai oIkijctovt€S kcu 
 TrelcrovTCU, ore KaTciKavcrei kcu, tovtcoiT Tas Kco/ias kcu 
 top alrov, kclI airoXovvrcu toj Xl/jloj. ck tovtov Kare- 
 ftaivov koI yvvaoKes kcu iralBes kcu ol rrpea^vrepoi' 
 ol he veooTepoi ev tois vito to opos kgo/acus tjvXl&vto. 
 
 6 kcu 6 %ev6r)s Kara/JLaOcbv iKeXevcre tov gevocfrcovTa tcov 
 ottXltcov tovs vecordrovs Xa(36vTa crvveTriQ-TrecrOai. kcu 
 dvacrTcivTes tt)s vvktos dfia rfj rjfJiepq TrapTJcrav els 
 Tas KOijJias. kcu ol puev ifkelcTTOL i^eepvyov* ttXtjctIov 
 yap rjv to opos ' oaovs Be eXafie KaT7]K0VTcaev dcpetBcos 
 £ev07)s. 
 
 7 'EirLtrOevrjs S' rjv res "OXvvOlos 7raiBepacrTr)s, o? 
 IBcov iralBa KaXbv rj/SdcrKOVTa dpri nreXTrjv e^ovra 
 fieXXovra aTroOvrjcrKeiv, TrpocrBpapbcov tievocpcovTa Ik£- 
 
 8 revere j3or)0r)crai iraiBl KaXto. kcu o? irpocreXOccv tco 
 ^evOrj Beercu jjlt) diroKrelvcu tov iralBa, kcu tov *Etti- 
 aOevovs BirjyeiTai tov Tpoirov, kcu oti X6%ov iroTe 
 crvveXet;aTO cTKOinov ovBev aXXo r) el Tives elev KaXol, 
 
 9 kcu [leTCb tovtcov rjv civrjp dyaOos. 6 Be XevOrjS rjpeTO, 
 *H kcu BeXois civ, Si 'EirlaOeves, virep tovtov diroOa- 
 velv ; 6 B ' elirev dvarelvas tov Tpayrfkov, Hale, ecprj, 
 
 10 el KeXevei 6 Trals Kal fieXXei %dpiv eiBevai. eirrjpeTO 
 6 XevOrjs tov iralBa, el nralaeiev avTov dvT eKelvov. 
 ovk ela 6 irals, dXX iKereve firjSe erepov KaTaKalveiv. 
 ivravOa Br) 6 ^E7ricr6evr)s 7repiXaf3cbv tov iralBa elirev, 
 a flpa goi, & XevQiq, irep\ TodBe fioi BiaybdyeaQai' ov 
 
 11 yap fAeOrjcrcd tov TraiBa. 6 Be Hevdrjs yeXcov Tavra 
 
BOOK VII. CHAP. IV. 197 
 
 ^.ez> e^a* eootje be aurw avrov avXiorurjvai, iva fjurjo etc 
 tovtcov rcov KcofJbwv ol errl tov bpovs rpecpoivro. teal 
 avrbs /Jiev ev tw ireBUo viroKaraftds icncrjvov, 6 Be aevo- 
 (pcov eywv rovs erriXeKrovs ev rfj vrrb to opos dva)rdra> 
 Kcofir], Ka\ ol aXXoi "EXXqves ev rocs ope iocs KaXov/xe- 
 vois &pa^l ifkrjcriov KareaKi]vr]aav. 
 
 'Etc rovrov 7]jjiepai r ov iroWal Bierpiftovro, Kal ol 12 
 etc rod opovs @pa/ce<; Karafiaivovres rrpbs tov ^ev07]v 
 irepl airovBwv Kal o/xypcov Bcerrpdrrovro. koX 6 &evo- 
 <p(bv eXOcov eXeye rep 5lev6ri, otc iv 7rovrjpois tottols 
 aKrjvolev Kal 7tXt]o-iov elev ol rroXepLioi' ijBibv r av e^co 
 avXi^eaOai ecfyrj ev e^vpols %ft)^tot? piaXXov i) ev rocs 
 creyvois, ware diroXeaOai. 6 Be Qappeiv eKeXeve Kal 13 
 eBei^ev opLrjpovs irapovras avrw. eBeovro Be Kal tov 
 > Eevo(f)a)VTO$ Kara/3 a ivovres rives rcov eK tov opovs 
 av/jbirpd^ai ac^iai ras o~7rovBds. 6 £' ajfioXoyec Kal 
 Qappelv eKeXeve Kal r]yyvdro pirjBev avrovs KaKov rrei- 
 aeadai ireidofievovs ^ev6rj. ol 6' dpa ravr eXeyov 
 KaracrKOTrrjs eveKa. 
 
 Tavra fiev rrjs rjpiepas iyevero • els Be rrjv eiriov- 14 
 crav vvKra emriQevrai eXObvres eK rod opovs ol Qvvoi. 
 Kal ?)yep,Q)v fxev tjv 6 BeairbrTjs eKacrrys rrjs oiKtas' 
 ^aXeirbv yap r\v aXXcos ras oiKias cfkotovs ovtos avev- 
 piGKeiv ev rats Kco/iais' Kal yap al oiKiac kvkXw 
 irepiecrravpcovro /jieydXois crravpois rcov r upo/3drcDV 
 eveKa. eirel S' eyevovro Kara ras Qvpas eKaarovlD 
 rod oiKrj/jiaTOS, ol piev elo-TjKovri^ov, ol Be rots crKvrd- 
 Xois efiaXXov, a e%eiv efyacrav go? diroKo^ovres rcov 
 Bopdrcov ras Xby^as, ol S' eveiripiirpao-av, Kal aevo- 
 (pcbvra bvofxao-rl KaXovyres i^cSvra eKeXevov drroOvrj- 
 GKeiv, rj avrov ecpacrav KaraKavOijcreaOai avrov. Kal 16 
 rjBr] re Bid rod 6p6cj)ov efyaivero 7rvp, Kal evredcopa- 
 Kio-fievoo ol irepl aevocpcovra evBov rjaav darriBas Kal 
 fia^alpas Kal Kpdvrj e^ovres, Kal XCXavbs MaKearcos 
 
198 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 ircov 7]Br] cw? oKTCOKalSe/ca cov cr^jiaivei rfj crdXTnyyi* 
 teal ev0v<z etcinqhcocnv ecnrao-juLevoi, tcl %i(p7} /cal ol e/c 
 
 17 tcov ' aXXcov or/crjvcD/jidTcov. ol he Opafces cpevyovcrov, 
 oocnrep hrj rpoiros r(v avrols, oiriaQev irepi^aXXofievoi 
 ras irekTas' /cal ai)Tcov vTrepaXXo/mevcov rov? crravpovs 
 iXtfcf)07)o-dv Tives /cpe/jbacr0evTe^ eveyopuevcov tcov TreXrcov 
 to2<$ GTavpols' ol he /cal anriQavov hiafiapTOVTes tcov 
 
 18 e^ohcov ol he (/ EXX7)ve<z ihlco/cov e%co tt}? kcojxtj^. tcov 
 he ©vvcov vTroo-Tpafyevres Tives ev tcq tr/coTei tov<$ 
 irapaTpeypvTas Trap oliciav /caiopuevrp tj/covti^ov eh to 
 
 CpCO<$ €fC TOV CTKOTOVS ' KOi €TpCDO~aV ^lepCOVVfJLOV T6 EvO- 
 
 hea Xo^aybv /cal Qeoyevrjv Aoicpbv Xoyaybv diredave 
 he ovheh * KCLTetcavOr) pevroL /cal ecr07]<; tlvcov /cal tr/cevrj. 
 
 19 ^ev07]$ he rjtce jSorjOtfcrcov avv egrrd lirnrevcn Toh irpco- 
 TOt? /cal tov G"a\7n<yfcrrjV e^cov tov Gpa/ciov. /cal eVet- 
 irep fjaOero, oaovirep y^pbvov e$or)0ei, ToaovTOV /cal 
 to tcepas ecj)0eyyeTO avTco. ware /cal tovto cj)6/3ov 
 avpmapeaye tois TroXe/Jbloi?. eirel <>' rfkOev, ehe^c- 
 ovto re /cal eXeyev, gtl oIolto Te0vecoTa$ iroXXovs ev- 
 pr\aeiv. 
 
 20 'E/c tovtov 6 zevocpcov helrai tov? 6[Ar)pov$ Te avTco 
 irapahovvat, teal eirl to opos, el fiovXerai, orvcrrpareve- 
 
 21a6ac el he fir), avrov eaaai. rfj ovv yaTepaia nrapa- 
 hihcoatv 6 ^ev07]s tovs 6/Mijpovs, 7rpeo-j3vTepov<> avhpas 
 7]Bt], tov$ tcpaTLcnovs, &>9 ecpaaav, tcov bpeivcov, teal avrbs 
 epyerai avv rf} hvvd[xei. rjhrj he ei%e tcai TpiirXaaiav 
 hvva^cv 6 ^evdijs' etc yap tcov 'Ohpvacbv d/covovTes, a 
 irpaTTOi 6 ^evOTjs, 7foXXol /caTe(3aivov avaTpaTevao/xe- 
 
 22 vol. ol he Svvol, errel elhov dirb tov 6pov<$ iroXXovs 
 jjiev orrXtTaSy ttoXXovs he ireXTaaTa^, ttoXXovs he lirTrels, 
 KaTafiavTe? 1/ceTevov aTreio-acrOai, nal irdvTa cofioXoyovv 
 
 23 Troiqcreiv teal tcl ttio-tcl XajLiftdveiv etceXevov. 6 he 
 ^evO^s tcaXecras tov &evoc\)covTa errehecKwev a Xeyoiev, 
 teal oitfc e^)?; cnreicreo-Oai, el aevocpcbv fiovXoiTO TifMcopr}- 
 
BOOK VII. CHAP. IV. V. 19 & 
 
 <raa9cu avrov<; 7779 eV^ecrea)?. 6 8' elirev, 'AXX* eycoye2i 
 l/cav7]V vo/jLl^co ical vvv hiicrjv eyeiv, € ' L ovtol 8ovXol ecrov- 
 rac avr eXevdepcov. av/xfiovXevecv jjuevroo ecprj avrS 
 to Xolttov opuripovs Xa\i$dveLV tovs Swarcordrov^ /ca/cov 
 ti iroielv, tovs 8e yepovTas oi/col eav. ol fjuev ovv ravrj] 
 irdvres 8rj 7rpocrco/jLoX6yovv. 
 
 ' T7rep(3dX\ov(TL Be 7rpo? tovs inrep Bv&vtlov Opa- 5 
 kcl<; eh to AekTd /caXovfievov avTt) S' rjv ov/ceTL dpyj] 
 McucrdSov, dXXa Trjpov? tov ^Ohpvcrov [, dpyaiov tl- 
 po?]. ical 6 ^HpaKkeihr}^ evTavOa e^cov tt)V tljjlt]v t?}? 2 
 Xeias waprjv. ical Xzvdiys e^ayaycov ^evyy rjfuovifca 
 Tpia, ov yap r\v irXelco, tcl he ciXXa fioeLicd, KaXeaas 
 EevocfroavTa e/ceXeve XafteZv, tcl 8e ciXXa 8iavelp,ai rot? 
 orTpaTTjyoh ical Xo^ayoh. ftevocfrcbv 8e elTrev, ^Efiol 3 
 uev tolvvv dp/cel teal avOis Xafielv tqvtqls 8e tols 
 aTpaT7)yol$ Bcopov, ot arvv e/jLol rj/coXovQ-qo-av, /cal Xo^a- 
 70t?. /cal Twv ^evycov Xapfidvei ev fjuev TifMaalcov 6 4 
 Aap8avevs, ev 8e KXedvcop 6 'OpyopbevLos, ev 8e Qpvvl- 
 a-fcos 6 'A%aio<;' tcl he (3oeucd ^evyr) Toh Xoyayoh 
 /caTefieplcrOr). tov 8e [jllgOov diToStScocrLV i%eXr)XvdoTO<> 
 rj8rj tov /jLTjvbs el/cocn fiovov rj/jLep&v o yap ^Hpa/cXel- 
 8rj<; eXeyev, otl ov irXelov ifnroXrfcrai. 6 ovv Eevocpcbv 5 
 a^Oeo-dels elirev eTrofxoaa^, Ao/ceh /*ot, w 'Hpa/cXelBrj, 
 ov% a>9 8el /crj8ecr0ac XevOov el yap e/crj8ov, rj/ces av 
 cfrepcov TrXrjpT] tov (jllgOov ical Trpoo-BaveLad/jLevos, el firj 
 aXXco? e8vvco, /cal a7ro86/j,evos tcl eavTOv IfiaTLa. 
 
 'EvTevOev 6 c Hpa/cXei8r]S ^yQeo-Qt] re teal e8eLo~e, 6 
 /xrj e/c t?}? Xevdov 0t/V/a? i/cfiXrjOeLT], ical 6,tc e8vvaT0 
 curb TavTTjs t?}? rj/nepas aevocpcovTa 8ie/3aXXe 7r^o? 
 ^evOrjv. ol fiev 8rj crTpaTicoTat p,evo(f)Ci)VT(, ive/cdXovv, 7 
 otl ov/c eiyov tov /jllo-06v • Xevd-qs 8e rj^OeTO avTw, otl 
 evTovcos toZ? cTTpaTLcoTaLS drryTeL tov [jllo~66v. /cal Tecos 8 
 fjuev del e/xe/JbvrjTO co?, eireihav eirl QdXaTTav direXOri, 
 7rapa8(ocreLv avTco BLadvOrjv ical Tdvov ical Neov 
 
200 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 rel^o?' airb he tovtov tov yjpbvov ovhevbs em tovtcov 
 i/jLe/j,V7]TO. 6 yap 'Hpa/cXeihrjs /cal tovto ht,e{3ej3Xij/cei,, 
 w? ov/c dacpaXh elr] Tei^r) irapahihovat dvhpl hvva/jiiv 
 eyovTi, 
 
 9 'Etc tovtov 6 fiev aevocpcov e/3ovXeveTO } tl %pr) 
 
 iroielv Trepl tov gtl dvco aTpaTevecrOat' 6 S' f .Hpa/cXeL- 
 hr)<$ elcrayaycov tovs aXXovs o~Tpa,T7]<yov$ 7rpbs XevOrjV 
 Xeyeiv Te e/ceXevev avTovs, otl ovhev dv t\ttov creels 
 dydyoiev tt)v GTpaTiav r\ i&evocfiwv, tov T6 fJutaObv vtti- 
 o-yyeuTO avTol? eWo? oXiycov rj/mepcov e/C7rXecov Trape- 
 *^ aeaOac hvolv fiiivoiv, Kal crvaTpaTeveaOaL eKeXeve. 
 
 10 /cal 6 Tt/LLacrLOdV elirev, 'Eyce /mev tolvvv ovh\ dv irevTe 
 fjLTjvodv paaObs P^kXkrj elvai, GTpaTevo-aiyiiqv dv avev 
 p<evo(f)covTos. Kal 6 <I>pvviQ~Kos Kal 6 KXedvcop crvvco- 
 
 1 ] fioXoyovv tS Tc/jiacrlcovL. evTevOev 6 XevOrjs eXoihopei, 
 tov 'HpaKXeihiiv, otl ov irapeKaXeL /cal tievocfrcovTa. 
 etc he tovtov irapaKaXovcriv avTov [xbvov. 6 he yvovs 
 tov 'HpaKXeihov tt)v iravovpyiav, otl (3ovXolto avTov 
 SiafBdXXetv irpbs tol»? aXXovs aTpaTiiyovs, irapepyeTai 
 Xaftcov tovs Te crTpaTiqyovs irdvTas /cal tovs Xo%ayov<;. 
 
 12 Kal eirel irdvTes eTrelaOrjaav, crvvecri parevovTO, /cal 
 dcpc/cvovvTai, ev Select e%ovTe<z tov Uovtov Sod tcov Me- 
 Xcvo(f)dy(0V /caXov/juevcov OpciKcov els tov XaX[Avhr)crcr6v. 
 evOa tcov els tov Uovtov irXeovacov vecov 7roXXal 6/ceX- 
 Xovctl Kal i/cirLTTTOvcTL' Tevayos yap ecTTiv eirl Trdjju- 
 
 13 7roXv ttjs QaXaTTTjs. /cal 01 ©pa/ces 01 icaTa TavTa 
 ol/covvTes o~T7]Xa<; opLadfievoL Ta /caO avTov? e/cTrl- 
 TTTovTa e/cacTTOL Xrjl^ovTai' rew? he ekeyov, irplv bpl- 
 aaaOai, dpird'CpvTas ttoXXovs vir dXXtfXcov diroOvrj- 
 
 14 a/cecv. evTavda ebpicncovTO TroXXal puev /cXlvai, 7roXXd 
 Be /CL/3cQTta, TToXXal he /3lj3Xol yey pa/ifiivaL, /cal TaXXa 
 7roXXd 60 a ev ^vXlvois Tevyeai vavtcXiqpoi dyovcriv* 
 evTevOev TavTa /caTaaTpetydfievoi, diryeaav irdXcv. 
 
 15 evda hrj XevOiqs el%e aTpaTev/xa 7]hrj TrXeov tov ( EXXi]- 
 
BOOK VII. CHAP. V. VI. 201 
 
 vlkov' etc re yap 'Ohpvawv rroXv ere irXetovs tcara/3e- 
 /3rjtceaav teal ol del TrecOopLevoc crvvearparevovro. tca- 
 rrjvXicrOrjcrav 8' iv toj irehUo virep Xrfkvfipias ocrov 
 rptd/covra arahiovs direyovres rrjs SaXdrrrj^. teal \ G 
 fjLccrOds puev ovhefc 7T(o i<palvero' irpbs he rbv Revo- 
 (ficovra 01 re arparccbraL irayyaXeTrcos elyov 6 re %ev- 
 #77? ovtceri ot/ce/o)? hii/ceLro, dX)C orrore GvyyeveaOai 
 avroj fiovXopLevos eXOoi, rroXXal 77877 dcryoXiai e<pai- 
 vovro. 
 
 'Ev tovtoj rS ygovw cryehov 77877 hvo firjvwv ovrcov (j 
 dcfrctcveirac Xappivos re 6 Adtcojv teal UoXvvlicos rrapd 
 Sc/3pcovo<;, teal Xeyovcriv, ore AatcehatpLovioLS hotcec arpa- 
 revecrdai errl Tcaaacpepvrjv, teal Qifipoov etcTrerrXevtcev 
 &)? TroXefirjcrcov, teal helrai ravrrj^ T779 o~rparids teal 
 Xeyec, ore hapet,tcb<; etcdarq) ecrrac pucrObs tov pbr]v6<$, 
 /cat Tot? Xoyayols hipuoipla, rot? he err parity ols rerpa- 
 fiocpla. irrel 8' rjXdov ol AatcehaupLovioi, evOvs 6 'Hpa- 2 
 tcXelhrjs Trvdo/xevos, ore errl to arpdrevpa tjicovctl, Xeyec 
 toj ^evOrj, ore /cuXXlcttov yeyevqrat' ol puev yap Aa/ce- 
 haipbvioi heovrai tov arparevparos, crij he ovKert hey 
 aTTohihovs he to arpdrevpua yupiel avTois, ae he ovtcerc 
 drrairi^crovaL tov ptaOov, dXX' drraXXd^ovrai etc T779 
 yoopas. dtcovaas ravra 6 ^evdr)^ tceXevec rrapdyeiv 3 
 /cat eirel elirov, on eirl to arpdrevpa 7]tcovaiv, eXeyev, 
 OTi to arpdrevpLa dTTohlhcocrc, <filXos Te teal crvppuayos 
 elvai fiovXerai. KaXel re avrovs eirl ^ivca' teal e£e- 
 vi^e p,eyaXoTrperro)<$. ^evo^oivra he ovtc e/cdXei, ovhe 4 
 roiv dXXcov arparTjycov ovheva. epcorojvrcov he rebv 
 AatcehatfLovlcov, t/? dvrjp elrf ftevocfioov, diretcpivaro, on 
 rd puev dXXa ei'r) ov tea/cos, (f)LXoo-TpaTi(x>T7]s he' ical 
 hid rovro yelpbv earcv avrd). tcai ol elirov, *AXh! 77 
 hrjpbaywyel 6 dvyp roi)? avhpas ; icaX 6 'HpatcXelhr]?, 
 Udvv p.ev ovv, e<p7). ' r Ap ovv, e<pacrav, pur} teal r\pXv o 
 ivavrcooaeTac T779 diraycoyf^ ; 'AXX' rjV vptels, e<f)-r) 6 
 
 9^ 
 
202 XENOPHON S ANABASIS. 
 
 c Hpa/cXelB7}<;, avXXe^avTe<; avTovs viroo-^rjaOe tov /U* 
 crObv, bXlyov e/ceivw Trpocr^ovTe^ diroBpapiovvTaL crvv 
 
 6 v/uv. Uco? ovv av, ec^aaav, tj/jllv crvXXeyelev ; Avpiov 
 vjAas, ecf)7} 6 ^Hpa/cXeiBrjs, it pan d^ofiev 7r/?o? clvtovs* 
 /cal olBa, €(pi], ore, eireiBdv u//<x? lBcdctlv, da^ievoi crvv- 
 hpajJLOvvrai. ami) fiev rj r/jjuepcu ovtcds eXrj^e. 
 
 7 Tfj §' vcTTepala dyovaiv iirl to arpdrevfjua tqv<$ 
 Ad/ccovas ^evdrjs re /cal c Hpa/cXeiB7]$, teal avXXeyeTac 
 7] arpand. tcq Be Ad/ccove eXeyeTrjv, otl AatceBaifio- 
 viois Botcel TToXefielv Ticrcra<pepvei, rS v/acls dBitcrjaravTi* 
 r)v ovv C7]re crvv tj/jllv, tov re e^Opbv TifKoprjaeade /cal 
 Bapei/cbv e/cacrTOS oXcrei tov /-m^o? vficov, Xo^aybs Be to 
 
 8 BarXovv, crTpaTijiybs Be to TeTpairXovv. ical ol o~Tpa- 
 tigjt(U acrpLevol T6 rjKovcrav /cal evdvs dviaTaTai Ti? 
 tcov 'Ap/cdBcov tov &evo(f)G>vTos /caT7]yop?]o-cov. Traprjv 
 Be /cal %evdr}<$, /3ovX6{ievos elBevai, tl nrpa^OrjaeTai, 
 /cal ev eTTTjfcocp elaTtytcei eyav eppajvea' ^vviei Be /cal 
 
 9 clvtos kXh/qviGTi to, irXelaTa. evda Br} Xiyec 6 'Aptcds, 
 'AXX* rjfjL-els fiev, S) AatceBaipubvioi, /cal irdXai av rjjxev 
 irap vjjllv, el yJr) Bevocfrcbv rj/u,as Bevpo Treicras dirrjya- 
 yev, evOa Br) rj/iels fiev tov Beivbv ^eificova aTpaTevb- 
 jjuevot /cal vv/CTa /cal r/jxepav ovBev TreiravpueQa* 6 Be 
 tou9 i]fieTepov$ ttqvovs eyei' /cal %ev67)<; e/cecvov pbev 
 
 10 IBiq ireifKovTi/cev, rjfias Be diroaTepei tov paaObv' o>o~Te 
 6 ye TrpoiTOS Xeycov eyeb /xiv, el tovtov lBoc/jLO /caTaXev- 
 aOevra teal BovTa Bl/ct]v oov / r)/id<; irepielXtce, /cal tov 
 [ALcrObv av jjlol Bo/coy eyeiv /cai ovBev eirl tols irsirovr)- 
 [Aevois ayOecrOai. jieTa tovtov aXA-o? dveaTT) ojjlolco^ 
 /cal aXXos. i/c Be tojjtov ttevocpoov e\e^ev wBe. 
 
 11 'AXXd irdvTa p,ev dpa dvOpayirov ovTa irpocrBoKav 
 Bet, OTTOTe ye /cal eyco vvv vcj) vjjl&v aWla? ep eV & 
 7rXelo-T7)V irpoOv/Jblav i/xavTO) ye Bo/cco aweiBevat, nrepl 
 {jjjLcls irapea^pbevo^. d7reTpa7r6p,r)v fiev ye tjBtj oc/caBe 
 d)p{A7]jjLevos, ov jjlc\ tov Ala ovtoi Trvv6avbjjLevo<^ vfias 
 
BOOK VII. CHAP. VI. 203 
 
 ev irpdrreLV, dXXa fiaXXov atcovcov ev airopois elvat, 
 co? cocpeXijacov, el tl Swal/jajv. eVel oe r)X0ov, Xev6ov\2 
 tovtovI 7roXXov$ dyyeXovs 7roo? e'/xe nrepnTOVTO^ /cat 
 TroXXa virLcryyovpukvov pLOL, el irei(jai\xi lipid? 7roo9 av- 
 rbv eXOelv, tovto fiev ov/c eireyelpiicTa iroielv, o>? avrol 
 vfieh eTrlcnacrOe, rjyov Be oOev cpbfiiqv Tartar dv vpud? 
 eh ttjv ' Aa lav Stafirjvcu. ravra yap ical (3eXr terra 
 evofiCCpv v/jLiv elvat /cal lipid? ySetv (3ovXopievov?. eirel 13 
 S' ^ Aplarapyp? eXdcov avv rptifpecrtv etccoXve StarrXetv 
 7}/LLas, e/c tovtov, oirep et'/co? 8?]7rov r\v, avveXe^a vptd?, 
 oVco? fiovXevcralfieOa, 6, tl %pr) iroielv. ov/covv vpteh 14 
 d/covovres ptev 'ApLardpyov eirLrdr tovto? vptiv eh Xep- 
 pbvrjaov iropeveaOat, dicovovre? he XevOov irel6ovro? 
 eavrco crvcrrpaTeveaOat, irdvre? ptev eXeyere avv XevOrj 
 levat, irdvre? 8' e^7]cf)laacr6e ravra. rl ovv eyco ev- 
 ravOa rjhlicrjcra dyaycov vpta? evOa iracrtv vplv e8b/ceL ; 
 eirel ye firjv tyevhecrOaL yp^aro XevOrj? irepl rod fiL- 15 
 o~6ov, el ptev eiraivco avrbv, SL/calco? dv fie /cal alrLcoaOe 
 fcal fitaolre' el oe jrpocrOev avrco rrdvrcov ptdXtara cf)l- 
 Xo? cov vvv irdvrcov Stacpopcorarb? elfit, irco? civ en ' 
 SL/calco? vpta? alpov-fievo? dvrl XevOov vcjy bficov alrlav 
 eyoLfit irepl cov rrpb? tovtov Stacpepoptat ; dlOC etrrotre 16 
 dv, drt e^ecrrt /cal rd vpterepa eyovra irapd XevOov 
 reyvd^etv. ov/covv 8f]Xov tovto ye, ore, elirep eptol 
 ereXet re XevOr}?, ov^ ovrco? ireXet 8/]7rov, a>? cov re 
 epuol holrj arepoLTO /cal dXXa vpttv dirorlaetev, dXX* 61- 
 jiau, et eoioov, em rovrco av eotoov, ottco? efxot 001/9 
 ptelov yt/r] diroholr] vpZv to irXelov. el rolvvv ovrco<; 17 
 eyeiv olecrOe, etjecrrLv vjilv avrl/ca pudXa (laralav rav- 
 rrfv rr]v irpd^iv dfAcporepoLs 7]jjlIv iroiYjaai, edv rrpdr- 
 rrjre avrbv rd ^pi]/.Lara. SPjXov ydp, on %ev6r}$, el 
 eyco tl irap avrov, diraLrrjcreL fie, /cal drratrrjaeL puevroL 
 hLicalcos, edv pLii /3e/3aLco ri)v irpdfyv avrco, ecf) y iBcopo- 
 hoKovv. dXXa ttoXXov puoL Sotcco 8elv rd vpLerepa eyecv IS 
 
204: xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 bfivvco yap vfilv $eou? diravTas teal irdaas fxrfB^ a ifiol 
 IBla vireayeTO $ev0r)<; eyeiv • irdpeaTi Be /ecu avTos iccu 
 
 19 cIkovcov crvvoiBe fioc, el eiriopicw • Lva Be fiaXXov Qav- 
 p,d(T7)T€, Gvveirbfivvfii fjL7)$€ d ol oXkoi arpaTTjyol e\a- 
 (3ov el\r](f)evcu, fir) tolvvv fir/Be bcra twv Xo^aycov evioi. 
 
 20 zeal tl Br) ravr eiroiovv ; <pfi7)v, co dvBpes, oaco fiaXkov 
 
 aVfJL(j)epOL/JLL TOVTW T7)V T0T6 TTeViaV, TOCTOVTO) fiaXXoV 
 
 avrbv (ptkov TroiTjcreaOat, OTrore Bvvao-Oeir). eya) Be 
 dfia re avrbv opcb ev irpdrrovra, /cal yiyvcocrtccD Br) 
 
 21 avrov rr)v yvcopbrjv. eXiroi Br] tis dv, ov/covv alcr^vvr) 
 ovrco ficopcos e^a7raTcofievos ; val fid Ala yo-^vvofirjv 
 fievTot, el virb TroXefiiov ye 6Wo? itjr}7raT7]6r]v (pl\(p 
 Be ovtl e^airaTav auryiov fioi Bo/cel elvac r) e^aira- 
 
 22 raaOai. eirel, el ye Trpbs (f)i\ovs earl (pvXa/oj, nraaav 
 olBa vfids (pvXa^afiivovs &>$ fir) irapaayelv tovtcd irpo- 
 epaenv Bitcaiav fir) diroBiBovai bfiiv a vireayeTO' ovre 
 yap 7)BiK,r]<jafiev tovtov ovBev ovre fcare/SXa/cevaafiev 
 ra tovtov ovBe fir)v KaTeBeikidaafiev ovBev e<§> 6, tl 
 
 23 r)fia$ ovtos 7rape/cd\eo~ev. dXkd, (pairjTe dv, eBec to, 
 ive^ypa Tore Xafielv, 0)9 fir)B\ el efiovkeTO, iBvvaro 
 e^airaTav. irpbs Tavra Be dfcovcrare a iyco ovk, dv 
 iroTe elirov tovtov ivavTtov, el fir\ fiou nravTairacnv 
 dyvoofioves eBo/cetTe eivai r) Xiav els if^e d^dpicTTot. 
 
 24 dvafivr]o-Qr]Te ydp, ev ttolois tlol irpdyfjiaaiv 6We? 
 eTvyydveTe, e£ wv vfids iya> dvrjyayov Trpbs XevOrjv. 
 ovk els fiev TLepivQov, el irpoafjTe rfj iroket, *Apio~Tap- 
 ^09 vfias 6 AatceBaifiovios ovk, eXa elcrievai dirofckeiaas 
 to? irvkas, viraiQpioi B' e^co eaTpaTOTreBeveTe, fieaos 
 Be %ecfioov r)v, dyopa Be i^pijcrOe crirdvia fiev opcovres 
 
 25 to covta, airdvia B ' e^ovTes, otcov covrjcrecrOe, avdy/cr) 
 Be r)v fieveiv eVl Opafcrjs' TpcrjpeLs ydp e^opfiovaai 
 i/cd)\vov BuaTfXelv el Be fikvoi tls, ev TroXefila elvai, 
 
 26 ev6a iro"KKol fiev limels r)aav evavTioi, nroKkoX Be ireKr 
 raarai, r)fiiv Be birkiTucbv fiev r)v, & ddpoot fiev lovres 
 
BOOK VII. CHAP. VI. 205 
 
 iirl to-9 fccbfAas lctcos av iSvvdpLeda ctItov Xafifidveiv 
 ovSev tl a<fi6ovov, otco Se SicoKOVTe<; dv i) avSpdiroSa 
 i) Trpofiara KaTeXapL/3dvopLev ovk rjv r/fuw ovre yap 
 Ittttlkov ovre 7reXTCL<TTi,Kov en iyco o-vveo-TrfKos Kare- 
 Xaj3ov Trap v/jllv. el ovv iv Toiavrrj dvdy/crj ovtcov 27 
 vficov /L677S ' ovrivaovv fjaaOov TrpocracTrjcras XevOrjV av/i- 
 t^aypv v/mv TrpoaeXafiov, eyovTa teal 'unreal ical ireX- 
 raards, cov v/iels TrpoaeSelaOe, rj /ca/cft»9 av iSoKOW 
 vyilv {3e/3ovXevcr0ai rrpb v/ncov ; t ovtcov yap Si]ttov 28 
 Koivcovr]cravTe<; zeal ctltov d(p0ovd)Tepov iv Tat? KcopLais 
 evpicr/cere Sid to dvay /career 6 ac tov? Qpdicas tcaTa 
 cnrovBrjv fiaXXov cfrevyeLV, Kal TrpofiaTcov Kal dvSpa- 
 ttoScov, fiaXXov fieTea^eTe. Kal TroXepLiov ol)KeTi ov- 29 
 Seva ecopcofiev, iTreiSr) to Ittttlkov rjfuv irpoaeyeveTO' 
 Tew? Se QappaXecos rjfjblv icpeLTTOVTO ol TroXepLioi ical 
 lttttlkco Kal TreXTaaTLKco KcoXvovTes fArjSafif) kot oXl- 
 yov% dTToo-fceSavvv/JLevovs Ta iiTLT^SeLa dcpOovcoTepa 
 rjjid^ TTopi^eaOai. el Se Sr) 6 crv/jLTrape^cov vjjllv Tav- 30 
 tt]v trjv dcrcpdXeiav pur) irdvv ttoXvv puaObv TrpocreTeXei 
 r?)? do~<pa\eLa$, tovto St) to ayeTXiov Trd07)pLa Kal Scd 
 tovto ovSafifj ol'eade y^prpjai ^covTa ipue idv elvai ; vvv 31 
 Se Srj 7TW9 diTepyeo-Qe ; ov SiayeipudcravTes p,ev iv 
 
 d(f)66vOLS TOt9 eTTtTTjSeiOLS, TTCpLTTOV S ' e^OVTeS TOVTO, 
 
 ei ti eXd/3eTe irapd ^evOov ; Ta yap tcov TroXe/iLcov 
 eSairavaTe. Kal TavTa TTpaTTOVTes ovTe avSpas eirel- 
 SeTe v/xcov avTcov diToQavovTas ovTe i^covTas aTTe/3dXeTe. 
 el Se tl KaXbv irpbs tgvs iv ttj ^ Acria /3ap/3dpov<> eVe- 32 
 
 TTpaKTO V/JLLV, OV KOL iKCLVO CTCOV fyeTe Kal 7T/309 eKelvois 
 
 vvv aXXr)v evxXeiav irpocreiXtfcpaTe Kal tovs ev ttj Ev- 
 
 pooTrr) OpaKas, ecf) ovs icrTpaTevaaaOe, KpaTr\aavTes ; 
 
 iyco p,ev vpLas fyrjfAi SiKaiu><;, av, &v ifiol yakeTraiveTe, 
 
 tovtcov Tot9 r&6ot9 X^P iV 6 ^>ez/<zt ft)? dyaOoiv. Kal Ta pLev33 
 
 Sr) vfieTepa ToiavTa. dyeTe Se Trpb<; Qe&v Kal Ta ip,d K ~t*p> 
 
 crKe-tyaaOe ft?9 e%eL. iycb ydp, 6Ve pLev TrpoTepov airr/pa 
 
206 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 ottcahe, €%Q)V fJbev erraivov iroXvv rrpbs v/jLcov dTreiropevQ" 
 /jLtjv, e^cov he hu > vjias /cal virb rcov aXXcov 'EXXrjvcov 
 ev/cXeiav. emarevopb^v he vtto Aa/cehaip,ovioov • ov yap 
 
 34 dv pie eirefiiTOV irdXiv rrpbs vpLas. vvv he drrepyopbai 
 7T/50? puev Aa/cehatpioviovs v(f> vpucov hi,a/3ef3X7]pLevos, 
 XevOr) he dii-Tj^OrjjjLevo^ virep v/ncov, bv rjkiu^ov ev rroiiq- 
 cras jJbeQ* vpboov diroarpo^v teal ifiol /caXrjv koX rraialv, 
 
 35 el yevoivro, Kara6j]crea6ai, vfiels h ', virep gov eyeb 
 dirrj^Orjiial re irXelara /cal ravra rroXv Kpelrroacv 
 ifiavrov, irpaypbarevopLevos re ovhe vvv irco ireiravpuai 
 6, ti hvvap,ai dyaObv vpulv, roiavrr\v e%ere yvdopiTjv irepl 
 
 36 ifiov. cDOC e^ere puev fie ovre (pevyovra Xa(36vre<s ovre 
 dirohchpdcr/CGvra' r\v he iroirjcr^re a Xeyere, care, ort 
 dvhpa tcaratcavovres ecreade iroXXd puev St) irpb vpucov 
 dypvirvqaavra, iroXXd Be crvv vixlv irovrjaavra fcal tccv- 
 hvvevaavra /cal ev too fxepei /cal irapd rb fiepos, Qecov 
 <>' iXecov ovrcov teal rpbiraia, j3apf3dpcov iroXXd hr) avv 
 vplv crrrjcrdpLevov, oircos he <ye payhevl rcov 'EXXrjvcov 
 TroXepLLOL yevoiaOe, irav ocrov iyao ehvvdpqv irpbs vp,d<$ 
 
 37 hiareivdp.evov. /cal yap ovv vvv vfilv e^ecrnv dveirikr]- 
 tttgos iropevecrOai oirrj dv eXrjaOe /cal /card yr\v /cat 
 Kara QdXarrav. v/iels he, ore iroXXrj vpZv eviropla 
 (palverac, /cal irXeere ev6a hrj eiredvpuelre irdXac, heov- 
 rai re vpbCov ol pueyiarov hwdpuevoi, pucrOos he (pacverat, 
 rjyepiove^ he tjkovctl Aatceha.ipiovioi ol tepdnarou vopa- 
 "Cppbevou elvab, vvv hrj /caepbs vpZv ho/cel elvai &>9 Tayi- 
 
 38 crra epbe tcaratcavelv ; ov p,rjv ore ye ev tols diropoi% 
 rjpiev, co irdvrcov pv7]p,ovL/ca>raroL, dXXa teal irarepa 
 e/xe e/caXelre /cal del a>? evepyerov puepbvi)a6ai vmo-yyel- 
 a6e. ov pbivroi dyvcopioves ovhe ovrol el&iv ol vvv 
 r\tcovre^ e<§> u/xa?* coo-re, co? eyoo olpuai, ovhe tovtois 
 ho/celre (BeXrloves elvau roiovroi ovres irepl ifie. ravr 
 eliroov erravaaro. 
 
 39 Xappblvos he 6 Aatcehaipuovio% dvaards elirev, 'AXX* 
 
BOOK VII. CHAP. VI. 207 
 
 ov too clco, i/jLol fievroLy \_co dvBpes,^ ov Sifcaicos Bofcelre 
 tw dvSpl tovtco 'xakeTraLveiv ' e^co yap Kal avro? avTia 
 fiaprvprjaao. ^evOrjs yap eptOTtovTOS ifiov Kal Tlokv- 
 vi/cov irepl EevocpcovTOS, Tt? dvrjp et'77, a\Xo fiev ovSev 
 el'xe fjbejjL^aaOai, ayav Se ^CkoaTpaTLcoTT)v e<f)7) avTov 
 elvac 8lo zeal ^elpov avTco elvcu irpos rjficov re tcov 
 AatceSaijLLOvlcov /ecu 7rpo? avrov. dvacrra^ eVl tovtco 40 
 EvpvXo^os AovaiciTT]^ 'Apfcas elire, Kal So/ceo ye julol, 
 avSpes AcuceScafiovLOt, tovto Lyxa? irpcoTov rj/icov o~Tpa- 
 TTjyrjcrac, irapd XevQov tj/mv t6v paaObv dvcnrpa%aL i) 
 €k6vto<; 7) clkovtos, Kal /nrj irpoTepov rjfias dirayayelv. 
 UoXyKpaTT]^ Se ^ AQr\valo<$ elivev dvaaTas vTrep Hei>o-41 
 cficovTOS, ( Opco ye fJLiqv, ecj>rj, co avSpes, Kal 'Hpaickeihrjv 
 ivTavOa TrapovTa, 09 irapaXaficov tcl ^prf/iaTa, a rjfJLeZ^ 
 eTTOvrjcrajJbev, TavTa dirohofievos ovTe XevOr) direhcoKev 
 ovTe 7]fxlv tcl ytyvofjbeva, a)OC auro? Kke-^ras TreiraTai. 
 i)v ovv cr(Q<fipovcojjLev, e^o^eOa avTov' ov ydp $rj OUT09 
 ye, e<j)7], ®pd% ecrTLV, ciXtJ c/ EWr)v cop ( 'EXkr]va<$ 
 ahifcel. 
 
 TavTa afcovcras 6 'Hpa/cXelSr]^ fiaka i^eirXdyrj • 42 
 Kal irpocreXOcov tw £ev6rj Xeyec, *Hp,eZs v\v o~co(^>povco[iev 3 
 airifiev evTevOev €K t?}? tovtcov eiTLKpaTeia^. Kal dva- 
 BdvTe? eTrl tovs Xirirovs coyovTO dnreXavvovTes el<$ to 
 eavTcov o-TpaTOireSov. Kal evTevOev %ev07]<; ire/xireo 43 
 'Af3po^e\{A7]v tov eavTod kpp,i]vka Trpbs 'EevocficovTa Kal 
 KeXevec avTov KaTa/juelvat Trap eavTco e^ovTa p^Xiou? 
 owXtTas, Kal vTrco")(velTao avTco dirohcccTeLv Ta re ywpia 
 tcl iirl QaXaTTj} Kal TtiXXa a virecr^eTO. Kal ev dirop- 
 prjTta TroLTjo-dpLevos Xeyec, oti aKrjKoe UoXvvIkov, &)<?, el 
 vTro-^eipios kcTTai AaKehaLpLOvioL$, cracf)CQ<; diroBavoLTO 
 virb @ij3pcovo<>. iTrecTTeWov Se TavTa Kai dXkoc ttoX- 44 
 \ol tw 'EevocficovTi, tw? 8La/3ej3X7)jj,evos e\t) Kal cpvXaT- 
 TeaOat heov. 6 he aKovcov TavTa hvo tepela Xa(3cov 
 idveTO tco All tcg fiacrCkei, nroTepd ol Xcoov Kal d/iecvov 
 
208 . xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 elrj fjbeveiv irapa XevOy e^> oh 'XevOrjs Xeyev rj dirievai 
 <tvv tw arparevfiaTL. dvaipel avrco dirievai. 
 
 7 ^EvrevOev XevQrjs [lev direaTpaTOTrehevo-aro irpo- 
 crcoTepa)' ol Se "EXXrjves io-Krjvrjcrav eh Kco/ias oOev 
 e/uueXXov TrXelara eTno-iTicrdpLevoi eirl QdXarrav rfeeiv. 
 al Be Koojiat avrac rjaav SeSo/mevao vtto Xevdov MrjSo- 
 
 2 craSy. opcov ovv 6 MrjhocrdSrjs Bairavd>ixeva to, eavrov 
 ev tcus fccb/jLcus viro twv ' EXXijvcov %a\e7rco? ecf^epe' 
 teal Xaficov dvBpa ^OhpvcrrjV Swarcorarov tcov avcoOev 
 Kara/3 ejBrj kotcov teal lirirea^ ocrov rpid/covra epyerai 
 Kal nrpoKaXelrai Pievofpcovra ifc rod *EXXr)viKov o~rpa- 
 revpLaros. teal 09 Xaficbv Ttvas rwv Xo^aycov teal aX- 
 
 3 Xovs rcov eTTLrrjhetcov Trpocrep^eraL. evOa hr) Xeyeo 
 MrjSoo-dSrjs, 'ASifcelre, Si Eevocfrcov, rds r/pLerepas kco- 
 
 i-tjlf. yu-a? TTopOovvre?. irpoXeyopuev ovv vpuv, eyco re virep 
 
 %ev@ov /cal ode 6 dvrjp irapd MrjSoKOV tj/ccov tov dvco 
 (BacriXecds, dirievai Ik Trjs %a)/m<?* el 8e pur], ovk eiri- 
 Tpeyjrofiev bfuv, dXX\ edv nroirjre KaKcbs rrjv r)pberepav 
 %copav, &)? nroXefJLiovs dXe%6pue0a. 
 
 4 'O he aevo^wv aKovcra? ravra elirev, 'AXXd crol 
 fiev rooavra Xeyovn kol amoKpivaaQai yaXeirov* rovhe 
 S' eveKa rov veavio-Kov Xe^co, Xv elhfj, oloi re vpieh eare 
 
 5 Kal olo'i rjpueh. r)pbeh p<ev yap, ecf)7j } irplv vpulv (ptkoo 
 yeveaOai iiropevopieda hid ravrr]<; t?}? ^d>pa<;, ottoo 
 e(3ovXop.e6a, rjv fiev eOeXoupLev iropOovvre^, rjv 8' ede- 
 
 6 Xoipiev Kaiovre^, Kal crv oirore irpo<s r)pt,ds eXOois irpea- 
 fievcov, tjvXl^ov rore irap rjpLcv ovSeva cj>of3ov/jLevo<; to)v 
 TToXepbLcov vfieh Se ovk yre eh Trjvhe tt}V ^oopav, rj el 
 TTore eXdoire, &)? ev Kpetrrovcov %c*)pa rjvXl^ecrOe ejKe- 
 
 r 7 %aXLVG)/jLevoLS roh Xiriroi^. eireX Se r)pu,v <plXoc iyeveade 
 
 flH'/Zt^^ Kai ^' VH'Q'S a ^ v & e °h ex ere T V v ^ e T V V % c * > P ap > v ^ v $£ 
 i^eXavvere r)p,as eK rrjcrBe tj}<; yjjdpa^, rjv wap' rj/ncov 
 
 i^ovrcov Kara Kparos irapeXd(3ere • &)? rydp avrhs olaOa, 
 
 8 ol TToXejjLCOi ov% Uavol rjaav rj/xas e^eXavveiv. Kal ov^ 
 
book vn. CHAP. VII. 209 
 
 oVa)? Bcopa Sous teal eu Troirjcras dvd* o)V eu eiraOes 
 d^iols y/j,a<; aTroTTejJL'^racrOai, S)OC drro7ropevo/jLevous 
 rj/jLas oucT ivavkiaOfjvcu oaov Duvaaau eirirpeirei%. /cat 9 
 raura Xeycov oure Qeous alcr^uvr] oure rovSe rbv dvSpa, 
 65 vuv fJLev ere 6 pa rrXourouvra, rrplv Be i)jjblv (plXov 
 yeveaQai drrb Xycrreias rbv ftlov e^ovra, co? aurbs 
 efalcrOa. wrap re Kal rrpbs ejne Xeyeis raura; e<pr)'lQ 
 ov yap eycoy ere apyw, dXXa AatcehaifiovLoi, ol? ufiels 
 7rape8a)fcare rb crrpdreuyba drrayayelv ouSev e/uue rrapa- 
 KaXecravres, co ^aupLaarbraroi, ottcds, cocrrrep dirr\yQa- 
 v6fir)v aurols ore 7T/50? upuds rjyov, ourco Kal ^apccralfirjv 
 vuv d7ToSiSov^. 
 
 'Eirel raura ijKOUcrev 6 '0$pucrr)<;, elirev, 'Eyob /J,ev, 11 
 0) MrjSoaaSes, Kara rfjs yrjs Karahuofiat uirb rrjs al- 
 o~yyv7]^ d/coucov raura. kol el puev rrpocrOev r)rno-rd- 
 /jL7]v, ovS' dv auv7]Ko\ou07]ad croc Kal vuv aireifjbi,. 
 ouhe yap av M.rfioKQ<$ /xe 6 fiacrcXeus eiraivoit], el efe- 
 XavvoLfjLL rou$ euepyeras. raur elTrcov dva(3d<$ errl rbv 12 
 ittttov dirrjXauve Kal guv aurS ol dXXoo lirrrels ifkr^v 
 rerrdpeov rj rrevre. 6 Se MTjSocrdSrjs, eXuireu yap aurbv 
 7] ydypa iropdoufievT], eKeXeue rbv aevocficovra KaXecrac 
 Tft) AaKeSacfiovlco. Kal 0? Xaficbv roij$ eirirriheiordrous 13 
 rrpoariXOe rS Xap/JLLVto Kal UoXuvlkw kol eXe^ev, ore 
 *KaXel aurous JS/Li-jhoo-dhr)? rrpoep&v direp aurS, dirievai 
 eK T779 %ft>/5a?. oijiai dv ouv, ecj^r), up,d$ drroXafielv rfj 14 
 crrparta rbv ocpetXo/jievov [xicrObv, el elrroire, on SeEer]- 
 rai ufiwv 7) crrparid cruvavairpd^at rbv pucrObv i) Trap 
 eKovros i) rrap aKovros ^euOou, Kal on rourcov ruyov- 
 T£? irpoduficDS dv cruveirecrOai uplv (paat, Kal ore hUaia 
 ujjilv hoKouGL Xeyecv, Kai ore urrecryecrQe aurols rore 
 drnevai, orav rd hiKata eywaiv ol crrparccoraL. ukou- 15 
 cravres ol AaKcoves raura efyacrav epelv Kal dXXa brrola 
 dv Duvwvrai Kpdnara' Kal euOus eiropeuovro e^ovre^ 
 rrdvra^ rou? eiriKaipious* eXQdtv Se eXe^e Xap/xlvos, 
 
210 XENOPHOnY ANABASIS. 
 
 El [lev (tv n e%ei$, S) Mr)B6craBe$, 7rpb<; 97^0.9 \eyeiv t 
 16 el Be fir}, 7]fJL€is 7r/?o? cfe e^ofiev. 6 Be MTjBocrdBrjs pudXa 
 Brj v<f>ecfjLevcos, '^4XV iycb fiev Xeyco, e<j>r), /ecu 2ev6r]5 
 rd avra, on d^iovpuev T01/9 </>/\oi>9 7][uv yeyevy fievovs 
 (jut) tea/coos irdayeiv v(j) vficov. o,n yap av. tovtov? 
 fed/coos iroirfre rjfias tjBt] 7roiolre % ?]/nirepoi yap elcrtv, 
 17 f i?ya£t? rolvvv, ecpacrav ol Ad/ccoves, diriOifJiev av, oirore 
 tov yaadbv e^otev ol ravra vpZv Kararrpd^avre^' el Be 
 jjbrj, epyoyueQa \iev koa, vvv /3o7]6tfcrovre<z rovroi? koI 
 TCjuLcop7]cr6fjievo(, avBpa<;, ot rovrovs irapa tovs op/cov? 
 rjBl/crjcrav. rjv Be By koI vfieis roiovroi rjre, evOevBe 
 
 18 ap^opLeOa rd Blicaia Xa/Jij3dveiv. 6 Be aevocpcov eurrev, 
 ^EOeXoire B* * dv tovtols, eo M<r]B6craBe<;, eitirpk-^ai, 
 eireiBi} <filXovs e<pare elvai vjmv, ev &v rfj %copq> ecrpbev, 
 
 19 birbrepa av ^^Icroivrai, eW* vfia^ irpocrrjicev e/c rf}$ 
 %cepa<z dirievai elre rjfjbds ; 6 Be ravra pcev ovk e(pr]* 
 e/ceXeve Be [xaXiara puev avra) rco Ad/ccove eXdelv rrapcu 
 ]£ev07]v rrepl rov pucrOov, teal oleaQai av Xevdrjv irel- 
 o~ai' el Be paf), aevoipcovra crvv avra> nrepLireiv, ical ctvjjl- 
 rrpd^eiv bincr^eZro. eBelro Be Ta.9 fccbpLas purj tcaieiv. 
 
 20 ^EvrevQev irepjirovai tievo^covra kol crvv avrS ol 
 iBofcovv emr^Beioraroi elvai. 6 Be eXOoov Xeyei irpos 
 
 21 XevOrjv, OvBev drrairrjcrcov, co ^levdrj, rrdpeijii, dXXa 
 BiBd^cov, tjv BvvcofJbai, C09 ov Bi/caicos fioi rj^OecrOris, ort 
 virep roiv errpancorebv dirrjrovv ere irpodvfzco^ a vire- 
 crypv avrol^' crol yap eycoye ov% rjrrov evopa^ov crvpu- 
 
 22 (pepov elvau diroBovvai r) ifcelvoi? a7ToXa/3elv. rrpebrov 
 puev yap olBa fxera rov<; Qeovs eh to <^avepov ae rov- 
 tol>9 Karaariqaavra^, eirel ye j3a<Tt\ea ere eiron]crav 
 TroWrjs yjjdpa<$ /cal ttoWcov dvOpanrcDV cbcrre ov^ olov 
 re croi \avQdveiv ovre tjv n /caXbv ovre r\v n alcr^pov 
 
 23 iroLTjcrr]^. rotovrca Be bvn dvBpl /ieya [xev jjlol eBoKeb 
 elvai pur) Bo/celv d^aplarco<; dTrorrepi'^aaOai avBpa<; 
 evepyeras, pueya Be ev d/coveiv virb e^aKicr^iXicov av- 
 
BOOK VII. CHAP. vn. 211 
 
 OpcoircDV, to Be fieyicrTov firjBaficD? aiTKJTOV cravrbv 
 Karaarrjcrai, o,tl \eyoi<;. opcD yap tcdv fiev d7ricrTCDv2i 
 fjLCLTdLovs teal aSvvdrov? /cal arifiovs rovs \6yous ifka- 
 vcDfievovs ' ol 8' av cfravepol CDcnv d\r]Qeiav dcr/covvTes, 
 tovtcdv ol "koyoi, r]v tl BecDVTai, ovBev fielov BvvavTai 
 avvaaaOat, rj aXkcDV r) /3la' r]v Te tlvcls acDcppovl^eiV 
 /3ov\(dvtcu, yiyvcDcr/ccD ra? tovtcdv aireiXas ov% i)ttov 
 GCDc\>poviCpvcra<$ rj aXXcov to 97877 /cdXd^eiv rqv re tw ti 
 VTTio-yy&VTCn, ol tolovtol avBpes, ovhev fielov Biairpdrr- 
 tovtcli rj aXkoi Trapa^prjfia BiBovTes. dvafivr]a6rjTi Be 25 
 /cal crv, tl irpoTeXecras r)filv GVfifidyovs r)fia<z eAa/3e?. 
 olcrO* oTi ovBev dXka incrTevOels dXrjdevcreiv a eXeye? 
 eirr]pa<; togovtovs dvOpcoirovs avcrTpaTevecrOal Te /ecu 
 /carepydcracrQaL croi dpyjqv ov Tpid/covTa fiovov d^lav 
 TaXdvTcov, oaa oIovtcli Belv ovtoi vvv diroXafielv, dXXd 
 iroXXairXaalcDV. ov/covv tovto fiev nrpcDTOV to 7rt-26 
 cFTevecrOai ere to /cal ttjv fiacriXeiav croi icaTepyacrd- 
 fievov tovtcdv tcdv ^prjfiaTcov V7r6 crov imrpdcr/ceTai. 
 IQi Br) dva[JLvr)cr6r}TL, 7r&>? fieya rjyov tot€ /caTairpd^a- 27 
 crOai a vvv /caTacrTpe-^rdfievos e^et?. eyco fiev ev otS' 
 OTi ev'gco av Ta vvv Treirpay/iiva fiaXXov croi nara- 
 irpayOrjvai rj iroXXairXdcna tovtcdv tcdv %pr)fidTCDV 
 yevecrOai. ifiol tolvvv fiel^ov /3\a/3o9 /cal alcr^iov Bo/cei 28 
 elvai to TavTa vvv fir] tcaTacryeiv rj TOTe fir) Xafielv, 
 ocrcpirep ^aXeircaTepov e/c irXovalov irevrjTa yevecrOai rj 
 dp^rjv fir) irXovTrjcrai, /cal bcrcp XvirrfpoTepov e/c J3acri- 
 Xeco? IBicoTrjv (pavrjvai rj dpyj\v /at) fiacriXevcrai. ovkovv 29 
 eTTio-raaai fiev, oti ol vvv croi virrjKooi yevofievoi ov 
 cjaXla Trj cry eireiaOiqcrav biro crov dpyecrOai, aKlC 
 dvdy/crj, icaX OTi eTriyeipolev av irdXiv iXevOepoi yiyve- 
 crOai, el fir] Tt? auTOu? cpofios tcaTeyoi. TTOTepcD^ ovv 30 
 olei fiaWov av cpofieicrOai Te avTovs /cal acocppovelv 
 Ta Trpo? ere, el opcoev croi tov<$ o-TparicDTas ovtcd Bia/cei- 
 fievovs 005 vvv Te fievGVTas dv y el crv /ceXepois, avdfe t 
 
212 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 av Tayy eXOovTas, el Beoi, aXXov? re tovtcov irepX 
 aov atcovovras iroXXd dyaOd Tayy av aoi, oirore 
 fiovkoio, irapayeveaOai, rj el /caTaBo^daeiav firjr dv 
 dXXovs aoi ekdelv Bi airicrrlav etc tcov vvv yeyevrj- 
 fievcov tovtovs re clvtols evvovarepovs elvai rj aoi ; 
 
 31 dXXd [JLr)V ovBev irXr}6ei ye r)/jLcov Xei<fi6evTe<$ virel^dv 
 croc, dXXd irpoaTaTcov diro p la. ov/covv vvv teal tovto 
 kuvBvvos, jurj Xd[3coai TrpoaTaTa^ avTcov Tiva<; tovtcov, 
 o'i vofjui^ovcriv virb aov dBi/celadai, rj /cal tovtcov tcpevr- 
 Tovas tovs Aa/ceBaifiovlovs, edv oi fiev GTpcuricoTCLi 
 viricT'yycovTai irpoOvpLOTepov avTols avaTpaTeveaOai, civ 
 tci irapd aov vvv dvairpd^coaiv, ol Be AafceBai/ioviOi 
 hid to BeeaQai Trjs aTpaTids avvaiveacoaw aiiTols 
 
 32 TavTa. OTi ye fjurjv oi vvv V7T0 aoi &pa/ces yevofievoi 
 iroXv civ TrpoOvjbiOTepov Xoiev eirl ae i) avv aoi ov/c dBrj- 
 Xov aov jxev yap /cpaTOvvTO? BovXeia virdpyei avTols, 
 
 33 KpaTovjJuevov Be aov eXevOepla. el Be /cal t?}? ^copa? 
 irpovoelaQai r\Br\ Ti Bel co? ar)$ ovar}<?, iroTepcos av olei 
 diraOrj /ca/ccov fiaXXov avTrjv elvai, el ovTOi ol aTpa- 
 TicoTai diroXa(36vTe<$ a iy/caXovaiv elprjvrjv KaraXiirov- 
 re? o'fyoiVTO, rj el ovtoC Te fievoiev co? ev iroXe^ia av 
 re aXXovs ireipcpo Trkelova? tovtcov eycov dvTiaTpaTQ- 
 
 34 ireBeveaOai Beofievovs tcov eiriT^Belcov ; dpyvpiov Be 
 iroTepcos av irXelov dvaXcoQelr), el TOVTOis to 6<peiXo- 
 fievov aTToBoOeir), rj el TavTa Te ocpeiXoiTO aXXovs Te 
 
 35 /cpecTTOvas tovtcov Bid ae paaOovaOai ; dXXd yap 
 ^Hpa/cXelBrj, &)? 7rpbs ijJie eBrjXov, 7rdjii7roXv Bo/cei tovto 
 to dpyvpiov elvai. rj [xrjv iroXv ye eaTiv ekaTTOV vvv 
 aoi /cal Xafielv tovto teal diroBovvai rj irplv r)fia<; eXOelv 
 
 36 7rpo? ae Be/caTOV tovtov fiepo?. ov yap dpiOfios eaTiv 
 6 opl^cov to ttoXv /cal to oXiyov, dXX! r) Bvvafjus tov 
 Te diroBiBovTOS teal tov Xa/JifidvovTOS' aoi Be vvv r) /caT 
 iviavTov 7rp6aoBos irXelcov eaTai rj efiirpoadev Ta ira- 
 
 37 povTa irdvTa, a e/ce/CTiqao. eyco fiiv, co Sevdrj, ravra 
 
BOOK VII. CIIAP. VII. 
 
 213 
 
 a>? cpiXov ovtos aov 7rpoevoov/jL7]v, oircos av re af;Lo<; 
 Bo/coltjs elvao cov ol Seoi aoi eBco/cav dyaOcov eyco re firj 
 Biacpdapeirjv ev rfj err par La. ev yap l'a6c, ore vvv eyco 38 
 out av e^Opov {3ovX6/JLevo<z /ca/ccos iroirjaac BvvrjOetrjv 
 avv tclvtt] rfj arparca ovr av, el croc iraXiv /3ovX'oifi7]v 
 fiorjdrjaac, l/cavbs av yevotpbr/v ovtco jap irpos /xe r) 
 crrparca Bid/ceiTai. tca'iTOi avrov ae fidprvpa avv 39 
 $€0t9 elBoao iroiovpiaiy otl ovre eyw irapd aov iirl tois 
 arparicoraL^ ovBev ovre ynjaa nrcoiroTe ek to lBlov ra 
 e/ceivcov ovre a vivkayov \xoi airyTTjaa' 6/jLvv/jLL Be croi 40 
 /jLTjoe diroBiBovTos Be^aaOai av, el jjltj koi ol arparicorao 
 e/xeXXov ra eavTcov avvairoXayiftdveiv. ala^pbv yap 
 7]v ra [lev epud BiaireirpdyQai, ra S' i/celvcov irepaBelv 
 e/xe /ca/ccos eyovTa dXXcos re ko\ TifJLcojJbevov vtt i/celvcov. 
 KaiTOL 'Hpa/cXelBrj ye Xrjpos Travra Bo/cel elvac 7rpo?41 
 to dpyvpiov eyeiv e/c iravrbs Tpoirov iyco Be, co XevQi], 
 ovBev vo/jll^co dvBpl aXXcos re ical dpyovTi /cdXXcov el- 
 vai KTij/ia ovBe Xa/jLirporepov aperrjs /cal Bc/cacoavvrjs 
 koX yevvaLOTr]Tos. 6 yap ravra eycov irXovrel [lev 42 
 ovtcov (plXcov ttoXKwv, irXovTel Be ical dXXcov fiovXo- 
 /jbivcov yeveaOac, /cal ev fiev irpaTTtov eyei tovs avv- 
 7]a6r}ao/xevov<;, edv Be tl acfraXr}, ov airavi^eL tcov (Sotj- 
 07]aovrcov. dXXa yap el /xijre e/c tcov e/icbv epycov 43 
 Kare/naOes, ore aoi i/c t?}? ^rv^i]^ <plXo<; rjv, firjre e/c 
 tcov e/jicov Xoycov Bi)vaaai tovto yvcovai, dXXd tovs tcov 
 aTpaTtcoTcov Xoyovs ir&VToos /caTavorjaov Traprjada 
 ydp /cal r) /coves a eXeyov ol ^eyeiv e/ie ^ovXo^evoi. 
 /caT7]yopovv [lev ydp /aov 7rpo? Aa/ceBai[xoviov<;, &)9 ae 44 
 nrepl irXeiovos iroiolfirjv ?) Aa/ceBatfiovLovs, avTol B 
 eveicakovv ijiol, co? /idWov fieXot \xoi oircos to, ad /ca- 
 Xco? ex ot V 07rQ) ^ TQ' eavTcov • ecpaaav Be fie koX Bcopa 
 e^etf irapa aov. /cairoi Ta Bcopa TavTa iroTepov 45 
 oleu avTOV$ /ca/covoidv Tiva eviBovTa^ [jlol Trpbs ae al- 
 TidaOal pie eyeiv irapd aov rj irpoOvfilav ttoXXtjv irepl 
 
214 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 46 <xe Karavorjaavra^ ; iyco piev dlpiai irdvTas dv0pcoTrov<; 
 vojiiCpiv evvoiav helv diro/ceiadai tovtco, irap ov dv 
 hcopd Tt? \au/3dvrj. av he irplv piev virr)peTr)aai ti aoi 
 ipie ihe^co r)heco$ /cal opipaai /cal epeovfj /cal ^eviois /cal 
 oaa eaoiTo viria^vovpievos ov/c iveTripufkaao' iirel he 
 tccLTkiTpa^as a ifiovkov Kal yeyevrjaai oaov iyco ihvvd- 
 urjv pieyiaTOs, vvv ovtco pie aTipiov ovra iv to£? arpa- 
 
 47 Tioorais ToXpbas irepiopdv ; aXkd pirjv ore aoi ho^ei 
 aTrohovvai iricrrevco Kal tov yjpbvov hihdtjeiv ae /cat 
 avrbv ye ae ov%i dve^eaOai tov? aol 7rpoepievov<; evep- 
 yeaiav opcovrd aoi iyKaXovvTas. heopiai ovv aov, orav 
 dirohihcps, 7rpo6vpie2a6ai ip,e nrapd toi$ aTpaTicoTai? 
 toiovtov Troir\aai oiovirep teal irapeXafies. 
 
 48 'A/covcra<; ravra 6 ^evOrjs KaTijpdaaTO ra aiTico 
 tov fxr) irdXai drrohehbaQai tov jLiiaOov Kal irdvTes 
 'HpaKkelhrjv tovtov vircoiTTevaav elvai' iyco ydp, ecfrrj, 
 ovTe hievorjOrjv TrcoiroTe diroaTepr)aai aTrohcoaco Te. 
 
 49 ivTevOev irdXiv eXirev 6 zevocpcbv, 'Eirel to'ivvv hiavofj 
 dirohihovai, vvv iyco aov heopiai hi ijuov dirohihovai, 
 /cal pL7) Trepuhelv pie hid ae dvopLoicos e%ovTa iv tjj 
 
 50 aTpaTta vvv Te /cal 6Ve Trpo? ae dcpiKopieda. 6 S' eZ- 
 Trev, 'AW' ovt iv rot? aTpaTicoTCiis ear) hi ipie aTipio- 
 Tepos, dv Te pievr)s Trap ipiol %ikiov<i piovovs OTfkiTas 
 eycov, iyco aoi Ta Te ^copla dirohcoaco /cal TakXa, a 
 
 51 vireayop J 7]V. 6 he irdXiv elire, TavTa piev eyeiv ovtcos 
 ov^ olov Te' diroirepuTre he r)pid<;. Kal pirjv, ecprj 6 
 ^evOrjs, /cal dacjyaXeaTepov ye aoi olha ov Trap ipiol 
 
 52 pieveiv r) diTievai. 6 he ircikiv elirev, 'AXkd tt)v piev 
 arjv irpovoiav iiraivoi' ipuol he pieveiv ov% olov Te' oirov 
 8' dv iyco ivTipioTepos co, vopn^e /cal aol tovto dyaObv 
 
 53 eaeaOai. ivTevOev Xiyei XevOrj^, ' " Apyvpiov piev ov/c 
 e^co dlOC r) pmepov ti, /cal tovto aoi hlhcopn, TaXavTOV 
 ySou? he e^a/coa '/ou? /cal irpofiaTa el$ TeTpa/cia^iKia /cai 
 dvhpdiroha eh eX/coai /cal e/caTOV Tama \aj3oov Kal 
 
BOOK VII. CHAP. VII. VIII. 215 
 
 tov$ rcov dhiKrjadvrodv ere Ofirjpovs irpoaXaftcov clitlQi. 
 yeXdo~a% 6 p,evo<f>cbv elirev, *Hv ovv jult) e^CKvr)rat ravra 54 
 ei? rbv /mgOov, tlvos rdXavrov (p7]<Tco e^ecv ; ap ovk, 
 eTreihr) Kal erriKivhvvbv jjlol eartv, dmovra ye dfiecvov 
 (pvXdrreaOai irerpovs ; rjKOves he ra? direiXds. Tore 
 fxev hrj avrov efieive. 
 
 Tfj h ' varepala direhcoKe re avrols a vireaj^ero Kal 55 
 rovs ravra iXdaovras avveirefi^ev. ol he arpancorac kii't" 3 
 rew? fiev eXeyov, co? aevocpcov ofyotro w? ^evdrjv olktj- 
 crcov KaX a vireayero avrco aTroXrj-yfrojuevos • eirel Be 
 avrov r\Kovra elhov, rjadrjcrdv re KaX irpocreQeov. aevo- 56 
 <pcov h eirel elhe Xap/itvov re Kal UoXvvlkov, Tavra, 
 e(f)7], KaX aeawcFrat So u//.a? rSj arparia, Kal irapahl- 
 Bcojjii avrd iyeb v/jlIv vfieis he hiaQ eleven hidhore rfj 
 err par ca. ol fiev ovv irapaXafiovres Kal XacfrvpoTrcoXas 
 Karaarrjaavres iircoXovv, Kal ttoXXtjv el^ov alrlav. 
 &evo(f)a)V he ov rrpoarjet, dXXa (fiavepbs rjv oiKahe ira- 57 
 pao-Keva^b/nevos • ov <ydp rrco t|r?}(£o9 avrw eirrfKro 'AOrj- 
 vrjau irepl cf>vyrj<;. rrpoaeXOovres he avra> ol eirLrrfheiOi 
 iv Tw crrparoirehw eheovro purj drreXOelv irplv drraydyoi*^- • 
 rb crrpdrevfia Kal 0i/3po)vc irapahovr). 
 
 ^EvrevOev hieirXevaav et? AdfiyfraKov, Kal drravra 3 
 to aevocpcovrt EvKXeihrps fidvn^ $XtdcrLO<; 6 KXeayo- 
 pov vlb^-rov ra evvirvia iv AvKelcp yey pa<$>6ro<$. ovros 
 cvvrjhero rw aevo^covri, on ecreacoaro, Kal rjpeora av- 
 rov, iroaov y^pvaiov eypi. 6 8' avrcp eirofiocra^ elirev 2 
 rj fi7)v eaeo-6ai fjurjhe i<fiohiov Ikovqv oiKahe dmovri, el 
 fir) drrohoiro rbv lttttov Kal a d/Jbcj) avrov el%ev. 6 8' 
 avrS ovk eiriarevev. eirel 8' eirefi^av AafM-^jraKrjvol 3 
 ^evia too tievocpcovri Kal h6ve rep 'ArroXXoovc, irapeaTrj- 
 craro rbv EvKXeihTjv Ihcov he ra lepa 6 EvKXeihr]? 
 elirev, ore izeiQoiro avr<x> jjlt] elvao %p?]/jLara. 'AXX* 
 olha, €<fir), otl kuv fieXXrj irore eaeo-Qau, (fyaiverai re 
 ejiiTohtov, eav firjhev aXXo, crv cravrw. avvco/ioXoyec 
 
216 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 4 ravra 6 aevoty&v. 6 Be elrrev, 'E/jLttoBios yap goi 6 
 Zev? 6 MetXfyios ecm, teal eTrrjpero, el yjBr) irore Bv- 
 creiev, coairep ot/coc, ecprj, elci)0ecv eyeb vpXv BveaQai /cal 
 
 oXo/CaVTetV. 6 S' OV/C €<j)7) e£ OTOV dTreBrjp,7]ae T60V- 
 
 icevai rovrcp rco &e<p. orvve/BovXevaev ovv avrco SveaOai 
 
 5 /caOd elooOec, /cal e(j>r) Gvvo'icreiv eirl to /3eXrcov. rfj Be 
 varepala 6 fzevcxficov rrpoeXOwv eh 'Ocfrpvvcov eOvero 
 icai obXo/cavrei xpipovs tw rrarplw vojacd, /cal e/caXXie- 
 
 6 pec. /cal ravry rfj rjpLepa dfyacvelrai Blcov /cal dfia 
 Ev/cXelBr)? y^pr^xara Booaovres rat ar par ev Liar i 3 /cal 
 ^evovvrau re ro) ttevocfrcbvri ical (top) lttttov, bv ev 
 Aa/A^d/co) direBoro rrevrij/covra Bapei/coyv, VTroTrrevov- 
 Te? avrbv BC evBeiav wreiTpaicevai, bri tjkovov avrbv 
 r^BeaOao rep iTTTrq), Xvcrdpievoi drreBocrav /cal rrjv tillt}v 
 ov/c rjOeXov diroXafielv. 
 
 7 'EvrevQev erropevovro Bid r?}? TpcpdBos, /cal vrrep- 
 /3dvre$ rr\v "IBrjv eh 'AvravBpov dtfii/cvovvrai irpwrov, 
 elra irapa BdXarrav Tropevbp.evoi tt}? AvBlas eh Qrj- 
 
 8 /S?;? irehiov. evrevOev So 'ArpapuvrTiov /cal Keprovtov 
 Trap* ^ Arapvea eh Kat/cov ireBlov eXObvres Uepyapbov 
 KaraXap,j3dvovai t% Mvaias. 
 
 ^EvravOa Br) ^evovrai 'Bevocpcov Trap 'EXXdBi rfj 
 ToyyvXov tgv 'EperpieGos yvvai/cl /cal Topyicovos /cal 
 
 9 ToyyvXov LiyrpL avrr) S' avrcp cppd^ei, on ^AcriBdrrjs 
 early ev rS rreBtw dvr)p Ueparj^' rovrov efyrj avrbv, el 
 eXOoi rr)<$ vv/crbs crvv rpiaicoo-iois dvBpdai, Xaftelv av 
 /cal avrbv /cal yvvalfca /cal iralBas /cal rd. ypTjjuara' 
 
 10 elvai Be iroXXd. ravra Be /cadrjyrjo-oiievovs eTreLiyjre 
 rbv re avrrjs dvetyibv /cal Aa<j>vayopav, bv irepl irXei- 
 arrov eiroielro. eycov ovv b p,evo(fi(ov rovrov? Trap' 
 
 11 eavrS eQvero. ical Baala? b 'HXeto? fidvris rrapcbv 
 elirev, ore /cdXXicrra elrj ra lepd avrai> /cal o dvyjp dXco- 
 cripios ecrj. SeLTrvrjcras ovv erropevero rov$ re Xo'^ayovs 
 tol'9 pbdXtara cfriXovs Xaftcbv /cal ttlq-tovs ryeyev7]jj,evov<i 
 
BOOK VII. CHAP. VIII. 217 
 
 hid ttclvtqs, oVo)? ev iroir\o~ai avTOvs* crvve^epyovTai 
 he avTM koX dXXoi, fiiacrdfievoi eh e%aKoaiov<;' oi he 
 Ko^ayol aTrrjXavvov, I'va fir) fieTaholev to /^epo?, a><? 
 eroifMDV hrj ^prj/jbdrcov. 
 
 ''E'lrel he. dcpUovro 7repl fieaa^ vv/cras, rd fiev irepi^ 12 
 ovtcl dvhpdiroha t?J9 Tvpo-ios Kal yjprffiaTa rd irXeiaTay-^-^'^ 
 direhpa avrovs TrapafieXovvTas, &)9 tov ^AaihdTrjv av- 
 tov XdjBotev Kal rd eKeivov. nrvpyofxayovvTe^ he eirel 13 
 ovk ehvvavro Xafielv ttjv Tvpaiv, vijniXr) yap r)v Kal 
 fieydXr) Kal Trpofiaye&vas Kal dvhpas iroXXovs Kal fia- 
 ^ifiovs e^pvcra, hiopvrrecv eireyeiprfaav tov irvpyov, 
 6 he Toi%o$ rjv eV oktco irXlvdcov yrjlvcov to evpos. 14 
 dfia he Tjj r)fiepa hicopcQpvKTO' Kal o>? to irp&Tov hue- 
 <j)dvr}, eiraTa^ev evhoOev fioviropcd Tt? ofteXiaKVi huafi- 
 Trepes tov firjpbv tov iyyvTaTco' to he Xolttov ckto- 
 %evovTe<; eiroiovv firjhe irapievai cti datyaXes elvai. 
 KeKpayoTcov he avTCJV Kal irvpaevovTcov iKporjdovcrov 15 
 'JraySeXto? fiev e^cov Tr)v eavTov hvvafiiv, Ik Kofiavias 
 he 07rXtrat 'Acrcrvpioi, Kal ^TpKavioi iirireh Kal ovtoc 
 /3acri,\ecD$ fiiaOotfiopoL a>? oyhorJKOVTa, Kal aXXot ireX- 
 TacrTal eh oKTaKoatov^, dXXoi, £' eK Ilapdeviov, dXXoi 
 8' it; 'AiroXkwvias Kal eK tcov itXtjo-lov ywpmv Kal 
 linreh. 
 
 'EvTavOa hr) &pa rjv GKO'ire'iv, 7rw? eVrat r) dcfrohos • 16 
 Kal XaftovTes ocoi rjaav /5oe? Kal 7rp6/3aTa rjXavvov Kal 
 dvhpdiroha ivTos irXaiaiov iroirfcrdfjievoi, ov Toh XPV~ 
 fiaavv ovtco irpocre^pvTe^ tov vovv, dXXa fir) <^vyr) elrj 
 r) a(f>ohos, el KaTaXcTrovTes Ta yjprffiaTa dirioiev, Kal oi 
 Te TroXificoL &pao~i)Tepoi elev Kal oi GTpaTicoTac dQvfib- 
 Tepoc vvv he dirrjeaav co? irepl tcov xprjfiaTcov fiaypv- 
 fievoi, iirel he ecopa ToyyvXos bXiyovs fiev tov? r/ EX- 17 
 Xr]va<;, ttoXXov? he tou? eiriKeifievovs, e^epyeTai Kal 
 auTo? /8/a t^? /JLrjTpb? e^cov Tr)v eavTov hvva/icv, ftov- 
 X.6/1,6^09 fieTaa^elv tov epyov crvvefiorjQei he Kal 
 
 10 
 
218 xenophon's anabasis. 
 
 UpoKkrjt; ef ■ AkicrdpVT}^ teal Tevdpavlas 6 dirb Aa- 
 
 18 fiap drov. ol Be irepl Eevo^covTa etrel irdvv rjBr) iirie- 
 tpvTO virb rcov TO^evjJL&TCDV teal a^evBovwv, 7ropev6[jL€voi 
 Kv/cXo), 6Vct)? tcl oTrXa eyoiev irpo rcov To^evjiaTcov, 
 fjLoXi? BiaftaivovGi tqv Kd'iteov iTOTapuov, TeTpcopuevoi 
 
 19 iyyvs ol rjficcreLS. evravOa teal 'Ayaalas ^TVpLcpaXio? 
 \o%aybs TtTpcocr/ceraij rov iravTa yjpbvov fia^ofievog 
 Trpbs tovs 7ro\e/jLLov$. teal Bcaacb^ovTai, dvBpdiroBa d>? 
 Biateocria e%ovTe$ teal 7rp6/3ara ocrov S^v/iara. 
 
 20 Tfj Be vcnepala Qvcrdfievos 6 tlevoficbv e^dyei vvfcroop 
 irav to arpdrev/jLa, 07tg>? on fiaKpordrrjv e\6oi t?}? 
 AvBias, eh to pbrj Sea to iyyvs elvai cf)o/3eicr6ai, aXX' 
 
 21 dfyvkaiCTeZv. 6 he ^AatBaT^ eLteovcras, oti ttciKlv eir 
 avTov TeOvfjievos eirj 'Bevocpcov teal TravTi tc5 o-TpaTev* 
 jxaTi rj^oij e^avKt^eTai eh tecbfias vtto to Hapdeviov 
 
 22 TTokicr/jLa e^oucra?. evTavOa ol trepl 'Bevo^ojvTa avv- 
 Tvy)(dvovo-iv avTw teal \a/jLJ3dvovo~iv avTov teal yyvaliea 
 teal iralBas teal tovs Xttttovs teal irdvTa to, ovTa- teal 
 
 23 ovtco Ta irpoTepa lepa a7rej37j. eireiTa irdXiv d<pitevovv- 
 Tai eh Ilepya/iov. evTavOa tov Qebv ovte rJTidcraTo 6 
 aevocpcov crvveirpaTTov yap teal ol Adtecove? teal ol 
 Xoyayol teal ol aXkoi crTpaTrjyol teal ol CTpaTicoTai, 
 coaT i^alpeTa \ap,j3dvecv teal ittttov? teal ^evyr\ teal 
 TaXXa* tocrTe Iteavbv elvai teal aXkov tjStj ev iroielv. 
 
 24 'Ete tovtov Olfipcov Trapayevojievo^ trapekajBe to 
 CTpaTev/JLa teal crvjLLfiL^as tS aXkco 'HjXkrjvitecp eiroXe- 
 jj,eL 7T/509 Ticrcra^>ipvr]v teal <I>apvdj3a£ov. 
 
 25 ["Apftovre? Be olBe t?5? ftaa-ikeods %(opa<z ocrrjv 
 iirrfKOofxev* AvBlas ^ApTtpLa^, Qpvyias 'ApTatedpLas, 
 Avteaovla? teal KaTTTraBoieias MiOpiBaTT}*;, Ki\cteia<s 
 HiVevvecns, <f>oivlter]<; [teal 'ApajSia? Aepvrjs, %vpla<; teal 
 "Aacrvpias Bekeavs, BajSvX&vos *P coir dp as, MrjBia? 
 'Ap/3d/ea<s, §acriav<hv teal 'EcrtrepiTcov Tipl/3a£o$ » Kap 
 Bov'xpt, Be teal XdXvftes teal XaXBaloi teal Mdtepcove? 
 
BOOK VII. CHAP. VIII. 219 
 
 Kal Kok'xpi real Mocto-vvolkoc Kal Kocrac Kal Tt/Baprjvol 
 avrovofjLOL' IIa<f)\a<yovia$ K.opv\a<$ y BiOvvcov Qapvd- 
 /3afo?, rcov iv Evpco7rr} Qpatcwv ^ev07)<;. apiOfios Se26 
 (jvybiraat]^ ttJ? 6$ov tt}? dva[2dcre(o<z /cat Kara^daeco^ 
 araO/iol Stafcoaiot, heicairevTe, 7rapaadyyat, yi'Kioi kica- 
 tov TrevTTjKovTa irevre, ardSia TpuryLvpia tzt paKicryj,- 
 \ca e^cucoaia TrevTrjKovTa. y^povov ir\rjdo<; rrjs dva- 
 Sdaecos Kal Kara/3 dcrecos iviavros Kal Tpet? /x?}z/e?.] 
 
 * 
 
rv 
 
 \ > 
 
 - •*»♦?- •»*■* 
 
 v.; 
 
 V 
 
 % ^\ 
 
A TABLE 
 
 showing the variations of Hkrtlein's Text from that of L. Dindorf, sa 
 published by Teubner in 1851. 
 
 The reading of Dindorf stands jirst in each passage. 
 
 I, 2, 1 to ivravda] ivravda 2, 3 Meyapebs els'] Meyapebs 2, 9 2«- 
 <m] "Xaatas 2, 10 Kepdfiwv] Kepa/j-wv 2, 14 Tvpiaiov] Tvpideiov Kie- 
 pert 2, 16 eKKeKaOap/xevas] eKKeKaXv/j-fxevas 2, 22 eixirXeuv] av/j.ir\eu)v 
 
 2, 27 a(papird(eo-Qai] apnd^eaOai (avapird^ecQat C. Matthiae as in I, 3, 14) 
 
 3, 1 irpwros Se] irpwrov 8e C. Matthiae 3, 2 elra Se] cItcc 3, 4 rrpbs 
 robs &p] eVl toi/s Qp. 3, 6 oVr;] o7roi 3, 10 erreira 5eJ eireira 
 
 3, 15 <£ &v] ftp av 3, 17 <£ 80/77] y ay Son? 3, 19 avayye?\ai] airay- 
 yelXai 4, 2 ore] on 4, 3 6 AaKe5ai/j.6vios] AaKeSatfxovios 4, 3 'AfSpo- 
 
 .Kop-a] 'AfSpoKO/jLa Krliger 4, 6 MuptcwSpop] Mvplavdov 4, 7 SicS/cof] 
 
 Stciwet 4, 10 Adpdrjros] AapaSa/cos 4, 15 els rov/xiraXiv] Tov/xiraAiv 
 
 4, 15 <pl\oi] <bi\av 5, 8 7rote?^ axnrep opyrj, eKeXevae] 7roteTj', ucrirep bp- 
 yrj ineXevae 5, 9 o<rq> fj.lv] oacp /xev av 5, 13 linreas] iinrets 5, 
 14 rb outou 7ra0o?] t& avrov irdOos 6, 1 ^X^ 7 ?] ^X via ^> 3 auTw] auT<£ 
 6, 3 ex^v t7T7reas] exw lirire7s 6, 4 7repl ttjv avrov] irepl rriv avrov 
 6, 5 avra!] avrca 6, 10 iirl bavdrcc] eir\ Sdvarov 7, 5 inrio'xveT] biri- 
 GX V V 7, 11 8* al] Se 7, 15 &0a 5tj . . . Sreiow] [>0a 5t> . . . gjr«- 
 trifjl Kruger 8, 3 Kvpos re] Kal Kvpos re 8, 6 [Ae7eTai . . . diaxiv- 
 hvveveiv] Xeyerai . . . diamvSvveveiv 8, 8 ov] (ou) 8, 13 'EXXtjvikov] 
 ['EXXtivikov] Hertlein 8, 13 rb eavrov] rwv eavrov 8, 20 ecpepeToJ 
 icpepovro 8, 20 uiairep ev iTnrodpofAO)] [woirep ev iTrirodpo/uLCu] Hertlein 
 8, 22 7]/j.l(rei] ev rifxiaei Bisschop (anott. critt. in Xen. Anab. Lugduni- 
 Bat. 1851) 9, 15 a£iovcr6ai] a£:ovv 9, 31 irepl avrbv] Trap' avrbv 
 10, 12 iirl £vXov] [iirl tfXov] 
 
 II, 1, 2 irffATToi] TrepLtret 1, 3 Atj/xapdrov] Aa/xupdrov 1, 3 wp- 
 uuvro] &piat]vto Sehneider 2, 5 edet] Set 2, 11 evda 5' efri] evda 8e 
 Tt Schneider 2, 15 vejxoiro] vefxoivro 3, 1 T<£5e] T??5e 3, 3 rav- 
 
222 VARIATIONS FROM 
 
 ra] ravra Zeune 3, 27 7ropeu<recr0cu] iropevecr9ai 4, 1 Trapoixo/xivuv] 
 
 irapu>Xi)\i.£v&v 4, 4 \rbv\ fiaaiAea] rbp fiaaiXea 4, 6 X(Tfj.ev\ o^Sa/xeu 
 
 4, 17 irapa r7]P 7.] eVl ttjv y. 4, 19 o"a>0e?yUe?/] (Ta)6cofj.ev 4, 26 6'croi' 
 
 Se] chtov Se [ay] 5, 2 XPVC 01 "} XPvC €L ^, ^^ a^ KoAaVea-fle] ap Ko\d- 
 
 (TaiffQe Hertlein 5, 18 7reSt'a a u/xers] iredta 7]/j.7p. 5, 22 curios to] 
 
 curios rod 5, 23 eiTrey] e'nras 5, 31 e7rt reus &vpais efievoi/] eVt lu- 
 
 pous e/j.. 5, 33 rijx(pi"yv6ovv] ij/xepeyvoovp Buttmann (Ausf. gr. SprachL § 86 
 Anm. 6) 5, 38 /3ao"iAeus] [0] fiaaiKevs 6, 12 apx ^™*] dpxo^povs 
 
 III, 1, 2 aTrajAtoAetrap] a7roAtoAeo*aj/ 1, 6 «aA\«TTa] naWicrr' ay 
 
 1, 17 o,u.o7raTpioi/] toG djJLoirarplov 2, 12 ottoVovs] bvoffovs av 2 37 &A- 
 Ao tj] aAAos tis 3, 7 eyeVero] iyepopro 3, 12 atTi^yroJ yriwpro 
 
 4, 10 7rpbs tt? 7roA6i] 7rpbs [tt/] 7roA6£ Kruger and Poppo 4, 15 iKvOat] 
 [3,KvQai] Kruger 4, 16 rrj rore uKpofioXicrei] [rfj rore dicpofioAiaei'] Mu- 
 ret 4, 22 dpe£eirLjj.7r\ao-ap~\ av i^irlfjiTrXacrap Kriiger 4, 23 eTrnrap-p- 
 
 eaap~\ iitnvapricrav 4, 24 77 /cc^u.77] /cw/^77 4, 25 afcc/BaTei'] hpaBaiveiP 
 
 4, 30 of /uev tt? 65<£] ol p\v eV t/} oSo; Bisschop 4, 31 /cal /cp<0as] tcpiOas 
 4, 33 5te<£epoj/] diecpepep 4, 33 op/^wvTes] Sp/juafxevovs Schneider after 
 Suidas 4, 33 TtopevopLepoi] iropevofxepovs 4, 36 kveiv~] \vcrire\e?j/ 
 
 4, 47 oxei] o%£ 5, 13 rovfJ-Trahiv] rov/jnraXip [77] 5, 14 at'X/WaAw- 
 toi/s] kaXuiKoras 5, 17 anoxxravrts Se] aKovaravres 
 
 W, 1, 14 uTroCTaVTes] tiriaravres Poppo 1, 19 3-cuJ/a: aurw] &ai//cu 
 
 1, 20 airoKpiverai irpbs ravra~] arcoKpivercu 1, 20 i"5e] i5e 1, 24 ov 
 
 (paii) did ravra] 5ia ravra ov (pair] 1, 24 TuyxdVei] irvyxaue 1, 27 
 
 vcpiaraprai] ixplararai 3, 4 MapSoi] Mapdovioi 3, 12 7rpoo-£aToi/] 
 
 irpoo-fiarbv Kruger 3, 12 irp6a6ep Siafiaipeip"] TrpoaOep SiafiTJpai 3, 
 
 29 and 32 aaXiviKrr]s'] o-aXiriyKrTjs 4, 17 7ro5a?rbs] to 7ro5a7rbs 5, 1 7rptj>] 
 7rp}j/ 3) 5, 5 aAAo ri e? Ti] aAAo [ti] et ti Bornemann 5, 10 irope6- 
 
 oivro~\ iropevovrai 5, 10 cWe^d] cWe'xet 5, 11 rr\v ob%v\ ip rrj 6B(p 
 
 5, 14 avrols -ireiroirifxevai'] TreTTOinjj.epai 6, 19 Aet7rei^] Kiireli/ 6, 22 d>s 
 ^o-^oj/to] eVel yaQovro 6, 24 ciAAtjAcoj/] d\\r]Xois 7, 10 Suo ^ Tpm] 
 §uo Kai rpia 7, 13 Aiveas] Alveias 7, 23 £077 TrAeiW] (77) ^ot^ 
 7rAeiw^ Kriiger 8, 1 rr)v Taiv] ttjv re ruv «8, 2 ijTTepSe^toy] u7re/> 
 5e|i(5i/ 8, 8 5^7770701/] irapriyayov 8, 17 laurel]] avrcav 8, 18 ava 
 «:paTos] ava«:pa7oVT6S 8, 23 eATJ^bj/To] iA7ji(opro 8, 26 ottou &;/] 
 oTrot av Kruger 
 
 *o" 
 
 V, 1, 4 Se /cat] Se [/cat] Kriiger 1, 9 ^epicrfleVres] [^epto-0eWes] 
 
 Kriiger has omitted it 1, 10 trAevo-o/neda] TrXevaovpieOa 1, 12 /caT- 
 
 ^w/iej/] Kara.ydycnfj.ev 2, 14 c/^ocrt] o^toG 2, 21 tcartXiirop Se] KO.ro.- 
 
 Kinopres 2, 26 (popeij/j (pzpetp 3, 6 tV Se r: 7ra077J et Se Tt ttci^o* 
 
 3, 9 aKrjvuffip'] <tkt\vov<siv 3, 13 TON EXONTA] TON AE EXONTA 
 
dindokf's edition. 223 
 
 4, 4 eAe£e] eAeye 4, 6 e£ ri irore'] e? ti ttwttoO' 4, 20 dVep ^<V] 
 
 aVep <rvv yyuv 4, 21 5<$£tjt6 and OT}A&ar}ri\ 8o£eT6 and SvjAwcreTe 
 
 4, 32 d//0e7uoj/J audefxia 4, 34 e^' eauTOis] e'c?)' kuvrcov Kruger 
 
 5, 3 airoiKiav~\ airo'tKovs 5, 7 (|><fy>oys] (popov 5, 11 AafxfSdveiv] (iia 
 AaiaPdueiv 5, 20 uvrwv] eavrwv 5, 22 7roiT7cro/.tej/] iroiov/xeOu 
 
 5, 25 coy] /cod uv 6, 12 ^eTs &i> ir\£oi[xzv\ rj/xels oe irAeuifxev av 
 
 6, 15 i7T7reas] nr7re?s 6, 16 t6 re avr£>v~\ t6 re avrwv 6, 24 ttjs 
 fxev and T7j? 5e] Ta /J-ev and to Se 6, 33 uTtoAinuv riva\ anoAnrwv 
 6, 33 e'SeSoi/cetrav] e'Secneaai/ 7, 5 afiuce'tv and d5i/ce?y] adiKuiv and d5i- 
 Kovvres 7, 13 d^Afto!/] aireAQetv Lion, vulg. iA0e7v 7, 30 acpiKvel- 
 aQaC\ acptKV7\crQe 8, 2 tcjv irpwrov -n-pijorov^ rbv irpcorov 8, 4 ecu5a>s] 
 e'Si'Sous 8, 6 dTrcrycrywj/] 01707^1/ Kruger, vulg. aivdyav 
 
 VI, 1, 1 AT^o'juej/oi] A7)i£6/u,evoi 1, 16 Tpt^peis] Tpn'ipr] 1, 22 eopa- 
 KeVcu] ewpaicevai 1, 23 cWep] wairep 2, 4 cr?Ta] crma 2, 6 ecrri 
 8' cu] eiVi 5' oi 2, 11 eavrous Te] eavrobs 2, 13 aurw^J aurov Kruger 
 3, 1 Dindorf places this on the margin 3, 3 Siacpvyovres] hiafyevyovres 
 3, 4 Siecpvyov] Siecpevyov 3, 16 dTTOTrAevcrctycefla] aironAevcrovixeQa 
 
 3, 16 fxeuovai Te] fxevovcri Se 3, 26 d7roAei7reo-#ai] airoAnrea-dai 
 
 4, 9 [/caAd] KaAa 4, 9 ^'70 real irvpav jj.eyd.AT)v~\ jxeya 4, 10 ^70:- 
 (Tios Te] 'A7a(n'as [tc] 4, 10 /cal cu dAAcu] Kal [cu] aAAoi 4, 15 kt}- 
 pv£as "Zevocpwv] K7]pv£as 4, 22 /3ow] /3oCs 5, 4 rod arparoirzb'ov^ 
 arparoireZov 6, 3 Kari]yov\ Karr\yovro Cobet (Mnemosyne Jahrg. 1852 v 
 2. St.) 6, 15 ovv d7roA^w] fxev ovv airoAvca 6, 27 Atj^chto] Arji^oiro 
 6, 29 cw^e] avvr\yaye 6, 31 eVpefYo] v(pelro 
 
 VII, 1, 1 irAe'oyTes] eKirAeovres 1, 2 ttjv outoG] t?/^ avrov 
 1, 8 d7T07rAeucr<fyteJ / os] aTTOTrAevaovfievos 1, 26 eopaKoras] ecupa/coVas 
 1, 28 Aa/ceScu^cmcoi/ juev /cat twi/ 'AxaicDj'] AaKeSai/xoviois /xev Kal rtov 
 apxaiuu Pflugk (dpxcuW given by H. Stephens as a various reading) 
 1, 33 cnra] airia 1, 35 crn-a] atria 1, 36 fcy &j/] oaris av 
 1, 37 dAAcu etKocri] dAAcu etKoatv avdpes 1, 37 dj/r/p] efs dj/?;p 
 
 1, 39 ^e'AAoi] /xiAAois Kruger 2, 6 efyn?] ei/poi 2, 25 7rapd ^aAaT- 
 t?;] eVi fraAdrrri 2, 26 Wi vvv~\ Wl vvv 2, 34 Ari£6ixevos~\ Ar]i£6(Aei>os 
 
 2, 37 8e'£ei] 5e^?7 3, 20 -TreiVej] iretcrp 3, 29 Tcoii\aoi\ iroirjaei 
 
 3, 31 d7roArji//ei, Kryaei and KctTa/CT^crei] aTroAT]\pr), Krriarj and KaraKrrjcrr) 
 3, 31 AT/^Wfcu] Ar)i£eaQui 3, 31 7rpbs (re] 7rpos ere 3, 34 UyU?^ /cal 
 9;/x<v] ?j^.7i/ /cal u^aers 3, 36 ava/Aevere] avafxevure 3, 45 5e'e«] Serj 
 
 3, 46 i7T7re'as] i7T7re?s 4, 2 07rwy fxioObs yiv7]rai\ oiras av fxiadbs yevoiro 
 
 4, 8 SetTai] SeeTat 4, 10 jXT]Zirepov\ fi-qde krepov 4, 11 iVa p.7;] tVo /U7j5' 
 4, 12 ij/xepai ou] iifxepai t' ou Schneider 4, 12 cr/c?jj'wei'] aurivoiev 
 4, 19 craA7riKT?;v] (xaAmytcrTiv 5, 1 apx^ov rivos\ [dp^aiov Ttyos] Kruger 
 
224: VARIATIONS FKOM DINDOEF's EDITION. 
 
 5, 5 cauToO] eavrov 5, 8 irapabw<Toi\ irapufiuxreiv 5, 13 hr,^ovTaiJ A711- 
 £ovtui 6, 1 a.<piKVOvvTaC\ a'piKvelrai 6, 2 S4ei] dey 6, 21 alff^vei] alax^vri 
 
 6, 22 7j/xas and ?^?j/] u^tSs and Vjiuj/ 6, 24 irpocri.oiTe\ Trpocrfre Borne- 
 mann 6, 36 /caTcc/ce/caj/ores] KaTaicavoures 6, 37 OTe] ort 6, 37 
 TrAeire] TrAe'ere 6, 41 eVerbs UTrb] auacrTas vnep 6, 44 avaipti 5eJ 
 avaipil 7, 7 yDv 57?] vCy 5e 7, 9 atV^vvei] ala")(yvri 7, 11 eVel 
 Se] eVei 7, 31 5e?cr0cu] 54ea9cu 7, 35 rb 8e/caTOj/] denuTov 7, 49 5<a- 
 voet] Stavofj 7, 50 ecret] eo"?? 8, 3 tepeTa] fepa 8, 6 Biruv] Btwy 
 8, 6 'lkttov^ (rbv) 'iirirov Poppo 8, 8 KepTwyoD] Kcproviov 8, 16 ret, 
 aydpa.7roda] aydpa-rroda 8, 20 wcrre jUT^J ets 7"b /ut) 8, 25 and 26 ap- 
 Xovres . . . ^Tjj/es.] \apxovrts . . . uf/ves.] 
 
 
NOTES. 
 
 10' 
 
EXPLANATION OF THE PEINCIPAL ABBREVIATIONS USED 
 
 IN THE NOTES. 
 
 I. Commentators on the Anabasis. 
 
 Krtig. . . Kruger. Hert. . . Hertlein. 
 
 Kuhn. . . Kuhner. Matt. . . MattMae. 
 
 II. Other Autlwrities. 
 
 L. & S. — Liddell & Scott's Greek-English Lexicon. American edition. 
 
 And. & St. — Andrews & Stoddard's Latin Grammar. 
 
 Gr. or Gram. — Kuhner's Greek Grammar (larger edition), published by D. Ap 
 
 pleton & Co., N. T. 
 Die. Antiqq. — Dictionary of Greek and Eoman Antiquities. By Dr. "William 
 
 Smith. Little & Brown, Boston, 1849. 
 
 HI. Works of Xenqphott. 
 
 Cyr. or Cyrop. . . Cyropaedia. 
 
 Mem Memorabilia. 
 
 Hellen Hellenica, or Historia Graeca. 
 
 Ages Agesilaus. 
 
 Cyneg. Cynegeticus, or de Venatione. 
 
 IV. Other Authors. 
 
 Plat. . . . Plato. Dem. . . . Demosthenes. 
 
 Thucyd. . . Thucydides. Diod. Sic. . Diodorus Siculus. 
 
 Herod. . . Herodotus. Plat. . . . Plutarch. 
 
 V. Miscellaneous. 
 
 Cf. (= confer) . . compare, see. 
 
 sc. (= scilicet) . . namely, to wit, understand. 
 
 k.t.A.. . . . . Ka\ to Xonrd = etc. 
 
 art article. 
 
 comm commonly. 
 
 lit literally. 
 
 syn synecdoche. 
 
 meton metonymy. 
 
 c. (= cum) . . . with. 
 
 Xen. is often used instead of the full name Xenophon. 
 
 The remaining abbreviations, as gen. for genitive, and the like, are thought to bo 
 sufficiently obvious without particular explanation. 
 
NOTES. 
 
 BOOK FIRST. 
 
 "Oaa eV ry avafidcrei rfj fMera Kvpov ol "EKkrives eirpa£av f^xP 1 T ^ s h^' 
 XnS) — the Anabasis proper; that is, the inarch upward to the vicinity 
 of Babylon, including an account of the battle of Cunaxa. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 The occasion and manner of raising the army. 
 
 § 1. Darius II., called Nothus, was king of Persia from 423 to 404, 
 
 B. C. Aapeiov kcu Hap. •yi-yvovrai : lit. there are horn of Darius etc. 
 
 Aapetov is gen. of origin or author. Gram. § 273, 1 ; yiyvovTcu is the 
 historical present, which is more common in Greek than in Latin. Gram. 
 
 § 255, Rem. 1. Cf. just below fj.€TaTre/xirerai, avafialvei, SiafiaWei. 
 
 7ra?5es Svo : instead of two children, Ctesias the Greek physician employed 
 by Darius and Artaxerxes mentions thirteen. It appears from 1, 8, 26, 
 and 27, that Xen. had read the works of Ctesias. "We must assume, 
 therefore, that he says in this place TrcuSes Svo, not because he supposed 
 that Darius and Pary satis had only two sons, but because only two are 
 particularly considered ; or because all except Artaxerxes and Cyrus died 
 young. This latter statement rests on the authority of Ctesias (Persica, 
 
 c. 49, cited by Grote). Artaxerxes II., called Mnemon, reigned from 
 
 404 to 361. TeAei/T?]j/ : often occurs like apxh without the article. 
 
 Cf. 2, 6, 29. Mem. 1, 5, 2. eVl TeXevrji rov Qiov. 
 
 § 2. fi€y, which cannot properly be translated into English, serves in 
 general to call attention to the fact that the clause in which it stands is to 
 be distinguished from another clause which follows. The following clause 
 is commonly as here introduced by Se. Both of these particles are always 
 postpositive. irapdoy cannot be translated literally ; the Eng. idiom 
 
228 NOTES. 
 
 requir es an infin., happened to be present. For the verbs with which the 
 particip. is used as a complement instead of the infin., see Gram. § 310, 4. 
 
 fxeraire/jLirerai : sends for, suggesting by the middle voice the idea 
 
 to come to himself (Gram. § 250.) ; hence the construction arrb rrjs ap. 
 by which it is followed. ical aTparriybv Se : a transition to an inde- 
 pendent from a relative clause. So in 1, 8, 26, and often. The command 
 of the forces which assembled in the plain of Castolus (in Lydia), had 
 belonged to Tissaphernes ; but he had been succeeded in 407, B. C. by 
 Cyrus, and hence arose without doubt the secret enmity of Tissaphernes 
 
 to Cyrus. aQpoi^ovrai : are wont to assemble, to be reviewed annually 
 
 by the governor (a-aTpdirrjs) of the province. ws <pi\ov ; as a friend, on 
 
 the supposition of his being a friend, cl-s denotes that which appears to be, 
 or is represented to be. It is frequently used thus before participles. 
 
 Cf. as arroKrev&y § 3. avafialyei . . . aye fir] : such changes from the 
 
 historical present to the past are very frequent. For similar repetitions 
 of tbe same word, cf. 1, 7, 13 ; 1, 10, 3. Allusion is made again to this 
 
 first expedition of Cjrus to Babylon in 1, 3, 18, and 1, 4, 12. Tlap- 
 
 pdcriov : the Parrhasians were an Arcadian people. 
 
 § 3. KaricrTT) els rrjy fiaaiXeiav : became established in the kingdom. A 
 verb of rest is here followed by a construction which denotes motion — an 
 
 elliptical form of expression not uncommon. ws : saying that, to the 
 
 effect that ; — emfiovXevoi : oratio obliaua, Gram. § 345. ws arroKrevoov : 
 
 as if to put him (Cyrus) to death. Cf. note on ws § 2. The fat. particip. is 
 
 often used as in Latin to denote a purpose. avrSy belongs to aTrorre/j.- 
 
 7ret as well as to i^aiTr]cra,uiyrj. 
 
 § 4. ws : as, when, ut. oirccs : used here as a relative adv. how, in 
 
 what way. Cf. 4, 6, 7 ; 4, 8, 9. e7rl rcj> : in the power of iiri with the 
 
 dat. is also used in this "sense with •yiyveaQai. Cf. 3, 1, 13, and 5, 8, 17 
 vTrr)pxe '• favored. Cf. 5, 6, 23. 
 
 § 5. oo-tis : although singular is collective, and hence may relate to 
 iravras which is plural. Observe the notion of repeated action ex- 
 pressed by the present and imperf. SLandeis, aTreire/jLTreTO, a(piKve?TO. 
 
 rcoy irapb. fiaaihecas : a condensed form of expression very common in 
 
 Greek as well as in English for rooy irapb. fiaaiXei irapa, /3acrtAecos'. 
 
 jSacrjAews, when spoken of the Persian king, seems to be viewed as a pro- 
 per name ; and hence the use of the article with this word as with proper 
 
 names generally is extremely variable. See Gram. § 244. 7. ruv 
 
 fiapfiapcay e7re/xeAen-Q ccs — iire/j-eXelro ws ol fidpfiapoi : he paid attention to 
 the barbarians thai they etc. ; instead of, he paid attention that tlie barbarians etc. 
 An instance of what may be called anticipation or prolepsis, commonly 
 
 called attraction. It is particularly frequent with irtip.eXiop.ai. eiiyo'i- 
 
 ku>s ex*w ' t0 oe friendly. An adv. with exety instead of an adject, with 
 
BOOK I. CHAP I. 229 
 
 elvai is a frequent idiom, e. g. 3, 2, 37, &\\a)s %x eiv i f!o 6e otherwise ; 
 
 4, 3, 1G, «a\ws exeii', fo 6e «;e#; 3, 1, 3, adv/xas eX elJ/ > to oe dispirited. 
 
 d-qaav instead of efej/ is not uncommon ; but see note on irapaSoirjo-av, 
 2, 1, 10. 
 
 § 6. r-fjv implies that the Grecian force here mentioned was something 
 
 already well known ; a common use of the article. tfQpoiCep and 
 
 67rotetTo : observe that the imperf. here denotes an action in its continuance. 
 
 not as in § 5, repeated action. See Gram. § 256. '6ri qualifies airapctr 
 
 o-Kev6raTov : us and on like the Latin quam are often used to qualify the 
 superlative degree. When us is used the expression is often still further 
 strengthened by the proper part of Swa/xat. Thus just above, us (j.d\io-ra 
 
 idvyaro, the very most lie was able, as much as possible. oirScras . . . e/ca- 
 
 arois : in this sentence the demonstrative to which the relative dirSaas 
 refers is omitted. Gram. § 331. Rem. 3. Expressed more fully it would 
 be oTrSaas €?%e cpvAanas iu rats TrSXeci, rovruv (ruv <pv\anuv) roils <ppov- 
 pdpxois acdarois rrapr;yycik€ : whatever garrisons he had in the cities, to the 
 several commanders {of these) he sent orders etc. See also Gram. § 332, 8. 
 
 UeXoirowrtaiovs : the Peloponnesians, especially the Arcadians were 
 
 employed more than any of the other Greeks as mercenaries. us eVi- 
 
 jSouAeiWros : for the force of us, cf. note on § 2. Kal ydp, etenim, since 
 
 also. 'Tjaav : has the force of the pluperf., cf. note on irvyxavsv § 8. 
 
 4k fiaaiAius : with the passive, e/c instead of vir6 is unusual in Attic 
 
 prose. It denotes properly the idea of source rather than of cause. Cf. e/c 
 irdvrcou 2, 6, 1. 
 
 § 7. TvpoaiadSfievos : having become aware beforehand, i. e. before an open 
 rupture with Cyrus. fiovX^vofxivovs : for the use of the particip. in- 
 stead of the infin. (where we should translate by a finite mood), see Gram. 
 
 § 310, 4, (a). cbro(TT7}vai irpbs Kvpov, to revolt to Cyrus, is explanatory 
 
 of ra abra ravra. In airoarrivai the single act is considered ; but in ra 
 
 abra ravra, the various transactions which it involved. robs (pevyov- 
 
 ras and robs iKTreirruK6ras : the exiles. DifFer«nt words, having the same 
 general meaning, are here used for variety of expression. iK/3d\Xeu/ (used 
 just above) signifies to banish ; and to this iKTr'nrrsiv corresponds as a pas- 
 sive, meaning to be banished; (pevyeiv, to fee, to be a fugitive, to be in a state 
 
 of banishment ; Kar ay eiv, to restore (to one's home), spoken of exiles. 
 
 Kal . . . av : the emphatic idea is placed between these connectives, as 
 
 between ou5e . . . av and Kal . . . 54. avrrj is the subject and irpSfacris 
 
 the predicate of %v. rod abpoi£eiv : the infinitive used substantively 
 
 and dependent on irp6(paoris. Gram. § 308, 11. 
 
 § 8. &v : the participle in Greek as in Latin denotes the various ideas 
 of time, cause, or condition. The prominent notion here is that of cause, — 
 a.5e\<pbs wv abrov, because he was a brother of his. As a8ek(p6s stands without 
 
230 NOTES. 
 
 the article, it is indefinite. 6 adeAcpbs avrov would mean his brother. 
 
 61 (dat. of the. substantive personal pronoun 3d pers.) is distinguished in 
 meaning from avrcp in that it is reflexive, and from kavr<§ in that it is a 
 reflexive for a dependent clause. 61 is regularly enclitic in the Attic dia- 
 lect, hut retains the accent here because it is emphatic. TroXtfiovvra 
 
 which denotes prominently the notion of time, while he was engaged in war, 
 
 expresses also the cause or reason of dairavav. Cf. note on &v. olvtSv, 
 
 i. e. Kvpov. uxrre is followed here by a finite mood, and means so thai, 
 
 wherefore, consequently, denoting a result. With the infin. (as ahove § 5), 
 
 it means so as to, denoting an end in view. ovdev, in nothing, in no 
 
 respect ; a more emphatic negative than ovic. It is accus. synec. Gram. 
 
 § 279. 7. Cf. rovro axdecrde 3, 2, 20. > yiyyo/xeuovs, arising, accruing. 
 
 _£>v is the ohject of e%«j/ which would naturally take the accus. as. 
 
 The relative is attracted to the case of the antecedent. Gram. § 332, 6. 
 
 irvyxayey %X WV i s to he translated by the pluperfect, a tense which 
 
 does not occur so often in Greek as in English. Cf. note on 9j<rav § 6. 
 
 § 9. rfj points out the phrase Karayrnrepas 'AfivSov as qualifying Xep- 
 povfjacp. For an explanation of this position of the article, see Gram. 
 § 245, 3. Instead of the Chen*onesus opposite to Abydus; the name " Thra- 
 
 cian Cherronesus " was afterwards adopted. royBe rbv rpoiroy, in the 
 
 following manner. For the construction of rp6izov, see Gram. § 278, Eem. 3. 
 The pronouns o'Se, roi6o / de, roaoade, and the adv. ade commonly denote . 
 what follows ; ovros, roiovros, rocrovros, and ovras commonly refer to 
 what precedes. — — ■ ijydo-Qri . . . SiScocriy : such a change in tense is not 
 uncommon in Greek. In § 2 (avafia'ivei . . . ayefir)) the tense is changed 
 
 from pres. to past. Sapeucovs : named from Darius. In a similar way 
 
 the English, French, and German gold coins are named from the reigning 
 sovereign. For a print of one of these Persian coins, see Die. Antiqq. art. 
 Daricus. The SapeiitSs was also called arariip ; it was worth about $3,50. 
 
 air6, with, denoting the means. Not a very common use of this 
 
 preposition. iic. . . op/xcifievos : the present denotes something con- 
 tinued or repeated; — repeatedly rushing out from CJierronesus ; or in the En- 
 glish idiom, making his head-quarters at CJierronesus. 0pa£i depends on 
 
 i7ro\€jA£L. rovro helongs to rb crrpdrev/A.a. rpecpS^eyoy ihdyQavey : 
 
 lit. in being supported escaped observation, or in an Eng. idiom, was supported 
 secretly. avra depends on rpe<p6fxeyov. 
 
 § 10. &y : cf. note on irapuy § 1. nal before in^ixevos connects 
 
 irvyxave and epx^rai, another instance of change in tense. Cf. note § 9. 
 
 rooy oXkoi avr. : the adv. is often used adjectively. Gram. § 262, d. 
 
 aire? takes two accusatives avr6v and fjacrOoy. Gram. § 280, 3. 
 
 els oiax^ovs $4vovs, as well as rpiwv pvr\vSov, belongs to ixi<r06v : — pay suffi- 
 cient for two thousand mercenaries and for three montlis. as, as if , on the 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. II. 231 
 
 supposition that. Cf. note § 2. &y belongs to irepiycySfxeuos and renders 
 
 it conditional. Without &y it would mean, as if thus having been superior 
 
 to etc., or, as if he had thus been superior to etc. It now means, as if he would 
 
 be superior etc. The participle or infinitive takes &v when on changing the 
 
 . clause into an independent sentence, the optat., or indicative of a historic 
 
 tense with &v would be required. For the government of avrov after 
 
 8e?Tcu, see Gram. § 273, 5, (b). irp6odzv . . . Trpk, until; a common 
 
 form of pleonasm, employed for the sake of emphasis. KaraXvcrai irpSs, 
 
 to come to an agreement with. &v with the aor. subjunct. corresponds to 
 
 the Latin future perfect, irplv k.t.X., lit. until he shall have conferred with 
 him (i. e. Cyrus). 
 
 § 11. ws : as if, on the ground that. Cf. note § 2. eis HiaiSas : the 
 
 name of the people instead of the name of the country, as frequently in 
 Latin. The Pisidians were a warlike people inhabiting a mountainous 
 region S. E. from Lydia. They had never been fully subdued by the Per- 
 sians. irpdyfActTa irap£x* lv : to give trouble. Cf. note 4, 1, 17. ! 
 
 ~2,TV[x<pd\iov : from Stymphalus in Arcadia. naX tovtovs : these also, 
 
 l. e. Sophaenetus and Socrates as well as Proxenus, and Aristippus. 
 
 o~vv, tvith, in company with ; iroXejx^iv avy, to carry on war in company with ; 
 iroXefieiv rivi, efo riva, or irp6s riva, to carry on war against any one. 
 
 CHAP. n. 
 
 The march from Sardis to Tarsus. First, on pretence of making an expe- 
 dition against the Pisidians, Cyrus marches to Celaenae their ancient 
 capital ; thence he returns to Keramon Agora and commences his 
 march eastward. Before arriving at the Cilician pass, he is met by 
 Epyaxa wife of Syennesis the King of Cilicia. He meets with no ob- 
 stacle at the pass, and soon after his arrival at Tarsus, Syennesis sur- 
 renders to him. 
 
 § 1. idSica : it seemed good, a very common signification of this word. 
 
 ^'&77 : already, at length, i. e. after all necessary preparations had been 
 
 made. &vca : upward, from the coast into the interior ; here it means, 
 
 into upper Asia, ava- in composition is often used in the same manner ; 
 
 e.g. avafialveiv, avafiacris. The opposite is kcltm, Kara-. r\\v p.ey 
 
 Trp6<paoiv iiroi€?To : the antithetical clause implied by /xeu is not expressed. 
 It would perhaps be somehow thus, t<5 5' ovn iirl fiao-iXea iwopevero, 
 but in reality he was marching against the king. 4k : from, out of, in dis- 
 tinction from air6 which means from, away from. ws : cf. note 1, 1, 2. 
 
 to 'EXXvvikov ivravQa crpd. : the Grecian army which was there, i. e. in 
 
 the satrapy of Cyrus. 'EXXt]vik6v and ivravOa are closely connected in 
 idea and consequently have only one article. Xaf56vri ooov fy avrtp 
 
232 NOTES. 
 
 o'rpdrevjj.a : having taken all the army which he had. The antecedent here 
 stands in the relative clause. Cf. note on dirSvas . . . eicdo~rois 1, 1, 6. See 
 
 also Gram. § 332, 8. cvvaXXayivri irpos : having become reconciled to. 
 
 Cf. KaraXvcrai irpSs 1, 1, 10. ■ o e7;£e crpdrevjxa : the army which he had; 
 another instance of the antecedent in the relative clause. The antecedent 
 is separated from the relative by an intervening word, and stands without 
 
 the article, as usual. Gr. § 332, 8. rod iv reus ir6Xso~i £ej>. : for the 
 
 allusion, see 1, 1, 6. where it appears that the Ionian cities are meant. 
 The clause iv reus 7r6Xeo~i has the position and force of an adjective, — lit. 
 the in the cities mercenary force, i. e. in an Eng. idiom, the mercenary force 
 which was in the cities. For the government of ^vikov see Gram. § 275, 1. 
 
 XafSovra. In the preceding sentence we have the dat. XafiSvri where 
 
 it stands in immediate connection with KXedpxv the object of irapayyix- 
 Xei. Here Xafi6vra being removed from the personal object %zvia is con- 
 nected more intimately with yfceiv, and is in the accus. because the infin. 
 regularly takes i + ^ subject in that case. See Gram. § 307, 2. Many 
 instances of this kind where an adjunct stands in the accus. instead of dat. 
 or gen. will be noticed in the Anab. 
 
 § 2. viro<rx°f xej/os '• having promised. Cyrus had taken great pains to 
 
 inspire confidence in his promises as we learn from 1, 9, 7. ei KaXws 
 
 . . . iarparevero : if he should succeed well in those things for which he was 
 making an expedition. The antecedent of a (which would be ravra) is not 
 
 expressed. Travo'acrQai is dependent on viroo'x°l JI - ej/os - The infin. future 
 
 commonly follows verbs of promising and hoping. For instances of the 
 present or aorist with these verbs, see 2, 3, 20 ; 6, 3, 17 ; 7, 6, 38 ; 7, 7, 
 31. For the difference in meaning between the present, future, and aorist. 
 
 with these verbs, see Gram. § 257, 2, Rem. 2. irp6cr8eu . . . irpiy : cf. 
 
 note 1, 1, 10. iraprio-av els : a verb of rest followed by an expression. 
 
 denoting motion, iraprjtrav, they were present, directs the mind more to the 
 completion of the march and the arrival at the place of destination. 
 Hence we may translate, they arrived at Sardis. Cf. 7, 2, 5 ; 7, 4, 6. 
 
 § 3. aevias p.zv 5?) : Xenias accordingly, i. e. in accordance with the 
 orders mentioned above in § 1. — ~~ birXiras is in apposition with robs 4k 
 t&v ir6Xewv = robs iv reus irSXeai e/c rS>v irSXecov. Cf. note on rooy irapa 
 
 fia(rtX4a)s 1, 1, 5. wj, about ; very common with numerals. ^y is 
 
 predicated of ovros and is understood with 6 Sw/c/jcittjs ; see Gram. § 212, 
 
 lj ( D )« T <* v • ' • (yrparevopLevuv : partitive gen. depending on fjv. 
 
 Gram. § 273, 3, (a) : were of those (or among those) who were engaged in 
 military operations etc 
 
 § 4. fieiCova agrees with Trapao-Kevfjv : having thought the preparation, 
 to be greater ihan as if against the Pisidians, i. e. having thought the prepara- 
 tion to be too great to be destined merely against the Pisidians. ws fiao'i- 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. II. 233 
 
 Aea : to the Icing ; a>s as a preposition used only before the names of 
 persons. 
 
 § 5. 5^7, accordingly. Cf. § 3, above. irapd, from ; in this sense 
 
 only with the genitive and commonly denoting communication from ; air6, 
 
 from (a place) ; iic, from, implying out of. 3,dp8eoji/. Sardis was the 
 
 ancient capital of Lydia, and the residence of Cyrus as governor of Lesser 
 Asia. As we learu from Herodotus 5, 52, it was connected with Nineveh, 
 Babylon, and Susa by a well-constructed road, on which traveled a regu- 
 lar post ; and that too as early as the time of the old Assyrian empire. 
 This road passed through the central and more level regions of Asia Minor, 
 and reached the Euphrates at Melite. From this road, another equally 
 ancient and as much traveled ran from the high plains of Phrygia in a 
 S. E. direction, starting at Caystrupedion, passing along the northern side 
 of the Taurus range, and crossing the Cilician pass into Syria. This would 
 have been the shortest and most convenient route for Cyrus in the prose- 
 cution of his actual design; but having given out as the. object of his 
 military preparations an expedition against the Pisidians, he chose at first 
 a still more southerly route which led him to Celaenae, the ancient capital 
 
 of Phrygia. Grades properly means the place where one stops after 
 
 a day's march ; then also as here the day's march itself. irapaady- 
 
 yrjs : a Persian measure of length equal to 30 stadia, somewhat more than 
 an English league. 
 
 § 6. olnovixivriv : well inhabited, populous. rj/ce though imperf. in 
 
 form seems to be used as an aorist. The verbs which in the present have 
 a perf. signification (as is the case with 7\ko}) often have the imperf. in 
 
 the sense of the aorist (Kriig.). Menon as we learn from 2, 6, 28. 
 
 had received the command of his forces from Aristippus, who was men- 
 tioned also in 1, 1, 10. 7//ce . . . e%wj/ : lit. came having, may more con- 
 veniently be rendered came with. So also 'dyav, <pepav, XafSwv, may often 
 
 in connections like this be translated with. The Dolopians and Aeni- 
 
 anians were Thessalian tribes. Olynthus was the principal city of the 
 Chalcidian peninsula in Thrace. 
 
 § 7. aradfiobs rpus : the direction of the marches, as will be seen by a 
 reference to the map, had now changed from S. E. to E. ; o-Tad/novs is 
 accus. of cognate meaning after i^Xavvei. See Gram. § 278, 1 and 2. 
 
 &r\piwv depends on ir\-f}pr)s. Gram. § 273, 5, (b). curb 'ittttov : 
 
 so in Latin ex equo ; lit. from a horse, because the attention of the hunter 
 is directed from the horse towards the game. We say in the English 
 idiom on horse-back. So also at iryyai s\cnv 4k, the sources are out of, while 
 
 in English we say the sources are in. Sia . . . irapadeio'ov : through the 
 
 midst of the park. For the manner in which the meaning of fxiarov is af- 
 fected by its position with respect to the article, see Gram. § 245, Rem. 5. 
 
234 noites. 
 
 ela-y e/c : prepositions or adverbs which denote motion are not unfre« 
 
 cpiently joined with dvai. Cf. 1, 7, 6 ; 2, 4, 13 and 15. 
 
 § 8. effri §e teal . . . fiacriKeia : and there is also a palace of the great king , 
 i. e. in addition to the palace and park, of Cyrus, as mentioned just above. 
 
 rod Mapavov. Herod. 7, 26. calls this river KarappTjKrrjs (the dashing 
 
 and roaring stream), translating the name into Greek. It is only a small 
 
 stream, which after a short course empties into the Maeander. pet Se 
 
 Kal ovtos : and this also flows etc., i. e. this as well as the Maeander. 
 
 rb evpos : the full construction would be to evp6s icrriv evpos e'iKoo'i kolI 
 
 ireVre irodaiy (Kriig.). ipi^ovrd ot : the dat. of being an enclitic is at 
 
 once distinguished from the relative o'i which is always an oxytone, and 
 from the article ol which is a proclitic. For its meaning, see note 1, 1, 8. 
 ivepl cocpias : respecting sJcill, sc. in music. odev = e£ ov. 
 
 § 9. ry {J.dxv : in the battle, i. e. in the well known battle at Salamis. 
 
 For the use of the article here, see Gram. § 244. fiTTTjOets : having 
 
 been defeated. ^^rTao^at is ordinarily used, as here, instead of the passive 
 
 form of viKaca. Opanas and Kprjras are used adjectively. Cf. note 3, 
 
 4, 26. The Cretan archers were celebrated ; and hence were often em- 
 ployed as mercenaries. 'SocpalveTos : inasmuch as his arrival was 
 
 mentioned in § 3. above, it leads to the conjecture that a wrong name has 
 been introduced either here or in § 3. Probably the name KXeducop or 
 'Ayias should stand 'in one of these places, as Sophaenetus, Cleanor, and 
 
 Agias were the three Arcadian generals. Cf. 2, 5, 31, and 37. real 
 
 eyevovTo : and they amounted to etc. ajj.<p\ robs Siax^ovs : about the 
 
 entire number of two thousand. The article is often thus used with general 
 statements of number. See Gram. § 246, 9. 
 
 § 10. iurevOey. To make an attack on the Pisidians, Cyrus would 
 need to march towards the S. E. ; but as he really contemplated no such 
 attack, and as a direct march to Caystrupedion or Tyriaeum would dis- 
 close his actual intentions, he turns back in nearly the opposite direction 
 till he reaches the Mysian frontier. The reasons for this are not men- 
 tioned by Xen., as he passes rapidly over this portion of his narrative. 
 
 ra AvKaia eflucre : celebrated with sacrifices the Lycaean festival — an Arcadian 
 festival in honor of Pan, the Arcadian Zeus. &vco here takes an accus. 
 
 of cognate meaning. orT\eyyides. Boeckh (in the Staatshaush. d. 
 
 Ath. 11. 330.) suggests that these may have been ornaments for the head, 
 perhaps in the form of a comb ; and this suggestion is now generally 
 
 received among scholars. Kepaixwv ayopd. This is the only mention 
 
 made of this place. It may afterwards among the Greeks and Romans 
 have had another name. It is probable that it occupied the site of the 
 modern city (Jshak, on the great military road from Smyrna to the east. 
 See map. icrxdrriv irpSs, bordering on. 
 
book i. chap. n. 235 
 
 § 11. ivrevdev. From this point he ventures to proceed more directly 
 
 eastward. ir6\iv is in apposition with Kavarpov neSiov, which like 
 
 Kepu/j-uu ayopd has the force of one compound word. axpeiAero, was 
 
 due. irXeov '• one would expect here 7rA.eW which would also he gram- 
 matical ; hut the adverbs irAeov, [xeiov, and iXarrov are often joined thus 
 
 to a substantive. Cf. 3, 2, 34 ; 4, 7, 9, and 10. eVl ras &vpas : to his 
 
 doors, i. e. to the doors of Cyrus. airyrovv : tJiey demanded it as some- 
 thing due. Such is the ordinary meaning of airaireiv, as distinguished from 
 aire?)/ which means simply to demand. So in like manner airoZio6vai, to 
 
 give something which is due. Cf. also airoOveiv 3, 2, 12. ix-rridas Aeywv 
 
 dirjye : lit. he continued expressing hopes, i. e. he continued to solace them with 
 
 hopes. SrjXos "hv : lit. he was plain being troubled. In English we should 
 
 say, he was plainly troubled ; or, it was plain that he teas troubled. The per- 
 sonal instead of the impersonal construction with dTjXos, cpavepos, and words 
 
 of similar meaning is very common. Gram. § 310, Rem. 3. irpbs 
 
 rod K. rpSirov : in Tceeping with the character of Cyrus. ex ot/Ta agrees 
 
 with the implied subject of airoSidovai. Cf. note on AafiSvra § 1 above 
 
 Notice the clear distinction in this sentence between ou and jxi], the 
 
 former as the objective, the latter as the subjective negative. 
 
 § 12. 5 s ovv introduces a fact as opposed to a mere report or supposi- 
 tion. Certain is it however that he then gave etc. Cf. 1, 3, 5. (pvAaicas 
 
 is from <£uAa£, a guard (spoken of a single person) ; <pv\aicds in 1, 1, 6. is 
 from <pv\a.K-r], a guard, a garrison (collective). Kriig. reads <pv\a.KT)v in 
 
 this place. 'Aa-irevSiovs : from Aspendus, a city on the Eurymedon in 
 
 Pamphylia. avyyeueaOai, spoken here of improper intercourse. 
 
 § 13. irapd, near. Cf. 3, 4, 9. For the syntax of this preposition, 
 see Gr. § 297. Ka\ovfj.4yr], so called. In later writers ovrca was ex- 
 pressed for this idea with this participle. rhv ~2,drvpov y the Satyr, i. e. 
 
 Silenus. The fountain here spoken of is now called by the Turkish name 
 Olu Bunar, i. e. great fountain. It is identified by its situation in a narrow 
 pass between the mountains and Lake Akschehr. 
 
 § 14. ra>v 'EKK^vwv and rcov fiapfidpuv limit i^erao-iu ; they are 
 thrown to the end of the sentence to give them a more emphatic position. 
 
 § 15. us v6fJLOs (fy) avrots els i^dxw : sc. rdrreadai suggested by 
 
 rax^wai. rax^vai and arrival have for their subject robs "EKX-qvas 
 
 and depend on e/ceA.ei/cre. eKaaroy, sc. arparrjySy, the subject of avv- 
 
 rd^ai and likewise dependent on e'/ceAeucre. — — iirl Terrdpow, four deep. 
 
 Cf. note 5, 2, 6. oi itce'ivov = ol avrov with the exception that the 
 
 former is more emphatic. iKeTvos (which in distinction from olros denotes 
 an object more remote) not unfrequently as here refers to an object just 
 mentioned. Cf. 1, 3, 1 ; 2, 6, 19. 
 
 16. irapsKavvwy I pass along, is predicated either of a person riding 
 
236 NOTES. 
 
 or of one on foot, as may be seen from this section. — — /car' ?\as, in 
 
 companies of horse ; Kara Ta|eis, in companies of foot. robs "EAATjyas, 
 
 sc. iOsupei. apiAa, a war-chariot ; app.dp.a£a, a covered carriage used 
 
 especially for women and children ; a/j.a^a, a heavy wagon for carrying 
 
 loads. x Lr ^ yas '• f° r a •^ u ^ description of this garment see Die. Antiqq. 
 
 art. Tunica. After aairiBas the best manuscripts have e'/c/ce/caAu/^ueVas, 
 
 uncovered, instead of e'/c/ce/caflap/xeVas, burnished, the word which stands in 
 many editions. That the shield had commonly a covering [cd-yixa) seems 
 not to admit of a doubt. 
 
 § 17. /xecnjs : cf. note 1, 2, 7. irpofia\€0~Qai ra oirXa: to hold out 
 before them their armor, i. e. to hold their shields before them as if for de- 
 fence, and their spears as if for an attack. <pd\ayya is the subject of 
 
 iirixwpricrai. iffd\7ny^€, the trumpet sounded ; 6 ffaXiriyKr^s is comm. 
 
 suggested as being understood ; so in 3, 4, 36, with e/c^/>u|e the corre- 
 sponding noun Kr}pv£ is suggested. e/c rovrov, upon this, hereupon, — a 
 
 very frequent expression in the Anab. irpo'i6vrcov : gen. abs., sc. tS>v 
 
 'EXKfaow. airb rov avro/xdrov, of their own accord. inl ras otoj- 
 
 vds, towards the tents, i. e. of the barbarians. So it is usually understood ; 
 and the clause ol "EXXrjves . . . iirl ras crurivas riXQov in § 18 is interpreted 
 as meaning the Greeks went back to their (own) tents etc. Kriig. on the other 
 hand understands iirl ras GKr\vds in both places to mean the tents of the 
 Greeks. 
 
 § 18. <p6fios, sc. %v. The omission of ?iv is much more unusual than 
 
 of iari. /ecu . . . koI . . . re . . . /cat. It is not easy to translate all of 
 
 these connectives. And there was much fear both to others of the barbarians 
 and particularly (nai) both the Cilician women fled . . . and those who were of 
 
 the market-place etc. eepvyev e/c rr\s apfxaixd^rjs, fled from her chariot, 
 
 because (says Hert.) she forgot in her haste and confusion that she could 
 flee faster in her chariot than on foot ; or as Matt, supposes, because her 
 chariot was drawn by oxen or mules and hence she could actually flee 
 faster on foot. Kriig. and others with less propriety interpret the phrase 
 
 differently. ol e'/c rrjs ayopas : another instance of brachyology for ol 
 
 iv rrj ayopa e/c rrjs ayopas. Cf. note on rwy irapa /3a<nAea>s 1, 1, 5, and 
 
 robs e/c rav Tt6Xswv 1, 2, 3. rbv . . . <p6fSov. That which intervenes 
 
 between the article and noun is commonly of the nature of an adjective. 
 Lit. the from the Greeks into the barbarians fear ; i. e. the fear with which 
 the Greeks inspired the barbarians. 
 
 § 19. Iconium was the chief city of Lycaonia in the Macedonian and 
 Roman times. Lycaonia in the time of Xen. was limited to the northern 
 slope of Taurus, and the plain at the foot of this mountain range. The 
 inhabitants having possession of certain strongholds refused submission to 
 the Persians. This doubtless was the excuse of Cyrus for giving the 
 
 • 
 
book i. chap. ii. 237 
 
 country up to indiscriminate plunder. Xen. alludes to the Lycaonians 
 
 again in 3, 2, 23. ovaav agrees with x^P av - 
 
 § 20. 'EvrevOev. From Iconium he had marched through Lycaonia 
 thirty parasangs, probably continuing in a S. E. direction. This would 
 bring him near the city Laranda, from which a steep mountain path leads 
 directly (tV raxt-GTW 6d6u) to Tarsus. But as this path was not suffi- 
 ciently safe for the whole army, it was necessary to proceed in a N. E. 
 direction, so as to reach the main road from Cappadocia to Cilicia. This 
 road led from Mazaca southward through Tyana (here called Dana), whose 
 
 ruins under the name of Kilissa Hissar are yet conspicuous. avr6v, 
 
 i. e. Menon. iu y, in which time. (poiviKiar^v : this is commonly 
 
 thought to mean purpuratum, a courtier of such rank that he was entitled 
 to wear purple. But with this meaning, as Kriig. suggests fiao-lheiov 
 would seem out of place. Hence with much plausibility he translates it 
 purple-dyer. This may have been at the Persian court an important office. 
 ■ ical . . . Svvdffrrjv : and a certain other person, a chief man of the 
 
 under-officers. alriaadfxeuos, sc. avrovs. 
 
 § 21. % 6tV)8oA7], the entrance. This was the so-called KiKlniat irv\ai f 
 which Alexander the Great found equally unguarded. (Arrian. Anab. II. 
 4, 4.) It is a narrow way artificially cut from the rock, in a natural 
 
 ravine through which runs the river Sarus. nal a/iTjx " 05 eiVeAJe?;/ = 
 
 ty ajxi\xavov (l(re\6e?u, which it was impracticable to enter etc, Cf. note on 
 
 StjAos l\v 1, 2, 11. di t efxeivev : wherefore he remained. Kvpos the 
 
 principal subject of the narrative is readily supplied, with e/xetj/ej/. iu 
 
 r$ ireSico. This plain is directly north of the pass, and even in the Roman 
 
 times still bore the name rb Kvpov o , rpar6ire§ov i Cyri castra. rp ucrre- 
 
 paia, sc. ??/iepa. AeXonrws eX-q : a circumlocution for the pluperf. optat. 
 
 For the oratio obliqua, see Gram. § 345. %v instead of cfy, — the indie. 
 
 denoting more distinctly than the optat. a definite fact. For the inter- 
 change of the indie, and optat. in the oratio obliqua, see Gram. § 345, 
 
 Eem. 5. Cf. also note 2, 2, 15. on after ijcQero is declarative, after 
 
 Kai it is causal, and is connected logically, not with fadero, but with Ae- 
 
 Aonrws cfaj. rprf)p€ts is the object of ixpvra : because he heard that 
 
 Tamos had gallies etc. For the accus. and particip. (Tafxkv exovra) instead 
 of the accus. and infin. see Gram. § 310, 4. rds and the words fol- 
 lowing it qualify rpi-qpeis. 
 
 § 22. ovSevbs kcoKvovtos : gen. abs. — — ov, a relative adv., where. 
 
 i<pv\arrov, had kept guard. Cf. note on tTvyx av * v *X (l0V > ^> 1> 8. 
 
 (rv(j.ir\eu)v, an adj. qualifying ireSiov, being of the Attic 2d deciens. 
 
 avr6, i. e. rb ireSiov. 
 
 § 23. araB^ovs rerrapas. Xen. has here by mistake predicated the 
 whole distance from Dana to Tarsus of the short space from the pass to 
 
238 NOTES. 
 
 Tarsus. See Introduc. § 7. Tapffol and 'Iffffol are unusual formi 
 
 in other writers, always Tapcos, and , I<ro , 6s. -f\(rav is here used wii. i 
 
 the neut. plur. Several other instances of the same kind occur in the 
 
 Anab., e. g. in 1, 4, 4 ; 1, 4, 10 ; 1, 5, 1. et al. ovojxa, accus. synec. ; 
 
 so also evpos. ivXeQpoov depends on irorafiSs. 
 
 § 24. i£e\iirov els : an abbreviated expression for etcXiirovres ecpvyov 
 els, abandoned and fled to etc. €7ri to opt] also implies a verb of motion. 
 
 § 25. hpSiv. Xen. uses also the uncontracted form dpecav. Cf. 1, 2, 
 
 21 ; 3, 4, 19 ; 3, 5, 17. tuv els rh ireUov. The construction implies 
 
 the idea of motion, the mountains (extending) into the plain. ol f-ev: one 
 
 would expect here ical oi pev or ovs ol /xev. Similar instances of asyndeton 
 
 (Gram. § 325.) occur 2, 1, 6 ; 2, 3, 24. apird(ovTas agrees with the 
 
 subject of KaraKoir-quaif avrovs understood. elra irKavotfievavs airoXe- 
 
 crQai, after that (i. e. after being unable to find the rest of the armj or the 
 
 roads) perished in wandering. > S J ovv : cf. note § 12. After eKar6v i 
 
 Krug. and Kuh. introduce e/caCTOs, a hundred heavy-armed men (to) each 
 (company). Hert. in a note approves of this reading. 
 
 § 26. irpbs kuvrSv, (to come) to himself. upe'iTTOvi, more powerful. 
 
 ovdevi Tvca . . . els xelpas eXOetv, that he had never yet gone into the power 
 
 of any one etc. For another meaning of els x^P as Uvai t cf. 4, 7, 15. 
 
 Kvpa) (sc. els xe?pas) lemi. irio'Teis = irurrd in 1, 6, 7. — eAafie, 
 
 SC. ^veuvecis. 
 
 § 27. Kdpos 8e, sc e'Sco/ce. In Greek as in Latin, a verb belonging to 
 several ideas is often expressed with the first and understood with the 
 
 others. rr]v x c * > P au • • • apTrd^eaOai depends on eSoone ; so also ctaro- 
 
 Xaixfiaveiv with its object ret . . . avdpdiroda : fit. Cyrus gave to him that his 
 
 country should no longer be plundered etc. ijv irov ivrvyxdwo'iv, if they 
 
 (i. e. Syennesis and the Cilicians) should any where meet with (them, i. e. 
 the slaves). The general rule would require the optative. Gram. § 327. 2. 
 For the subjunct. here, cf. note 1, 3, 14, eav /*?) 5t5$. 
 
 chap. in. 
 
 The Greeks refuse to proceed farther, suspecting the real object of tho 
 expedition ; but on being assured that Cyrus was leading them against 
 Abrocamas, who was somewhere on the Euphrates, and with the pro- 
 mise of higher pay, they consent to resume the march. Clearchus is 
 the principal agent in bringing about this result. 
 
 § 1. ovk etyaaav levai, negabant se ituros esse, denied that they would go, 
 or more simply, refused to go. levai in the indie, infin. and particip. is 
 
 often future in meaning. Gr. § 181. Rem. 5. rod Trp6<r<a is of the 
 
 nature of a partitive gen., (a step) of the way forwards, or simply forwards. 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. III. 239 
 
 — — ovk tcpacrav, translate as above, they denied. iirl tovtoj, for this 
 
 purpose, i. e. to go against the king. irpuiTOt/, in the first place. Some 
 
 editions have npuros, and then Ave should render it was the first who. Com- 
 pare in Latin the use of primus and primum. ifiid^ero : the imperf. 
 
 tense often denotes the beginning of an action, and hence the idea of try- 
 ing, attempting. So here, he tried to compel. Cf. aviaraa'av 4, 5, 19. dye- 
 
 gtzWov 5, 4, 23. zfiaWov, cast (stones or other missiles) at him. 
 
 ro?s AiOots is expressed with fiaXXsiv in 5, 7, 19. 
 
 § 2. [juKpo'v, a little ; is often as here best rendered by our word scarcely. 
 
 to {xr) KaTaTreTpwOrjvai is grammatically the object of ££4cpvye : he 
 
 scarcely escaped that he should not be stoned to death, or more simply, he scarcely 
 escaped being stoned to death. For this use of /xt) with the infin. after verbs 
 of hindering, abstaining etc. see Gr. § 318, 8. According to the English 
 
 idiom, the negative would be omitted. SvprjceTai. The general rule 
 
 would require here Svyairo ; but the direct form of discourse often takes 
 the place of the indirect, even in the midst of a sentence. Gr. § 345, 5. 
 
 iSaKpve . . . kffrws, standing he wept, or in more idiomatic English, he 
 
 stood and wept, icrrccs is perf. in form but present in meaning. Gr. § 193, 
 
 Rem. 3. tlra and sirena (without 5e) are often used as correlatives 
 
 of irpwrov fiiv or of some similar expression. Cf. 3, 2, 27 ; and in § 10 
 
 below to fx\v fieyicrTOU . . . e7reiTO. TOidde, talia, somewhat as follows, 
 
 denoting that the language of Clearchus is not reported with the utmost 
 accuracy ; TctSe, as follows, would denote more exactness in the report. 
 The same distinction prevails between Toiavra and TaOrcc referring to what 
 precedes. 
 
 § 3. &vdpes before the names of persons was the common mode of 
 
 respectful address. /xr), like ne in Latin, always used in prohibitions, 
 
 as something merely conceived by the mind. cpevyovTa : cf. note 1, 1, 
 
 7. ovk els to XSiov . . . ifjLoi, I did not lay (them) up for my own pri- 
 vate advantage. dAA* ovdh KaOndvirdOnaa, nor did I even expend (them) 
 
 for pleasure. 
 
 §4. iTifMcopov^rjUy sc. avTois. ~— — fx-eQ' v/xuv : for the difference be- 
 tween fxeTa with the gen. and avu with the dak, see Gr. § 294. fiov- 
 
 \ofj4vovs agrees with avrovs. The participle denotes the notion of time,' 
 of cause, or of condition ; and may often be conveniently rendered by a 
 finite verb with one of the particles when, because, or if; so here, while they 
 
 wished, or because they wished. "EWrjuas and yr\v both depend on acpai- 
 
 pelaOui. Gr. § 280. el ti Seotro, if he should need any thing. Seo^icu 
 
 takes for the most part only neuter pronouns, very seldom neuter adjec- 
 tives, in the accus. auO' uv = olvtI tovtoov a : in return for those things 
 
 which I had experienced as favors (e3) etc., or more freely, in return for tlie 
 favors which I had received etc. 
 
24:0 NOTES. 
 
 § 5. irpoddvra agrees with the implied subject of xpyvOai. The dat. 
 irpodSvTi agreeing with /xoi would also be grammatical. Cf. note on Aa- 
 
 fiovra 1, 2, 1. 8' ovv : cf. note 1, 2, 12. abv vpuv . . . ireia-o/xai : 
 
 with you I will suffer whatever may be necessary, ireiao/xai as future of 
 irdax * takes its object in the accus. ; as fut. mid. of ireidw, in the dat. 
 
 ovirore . . . ovdeis. For two or more negatives in the same clause, 
 
 see Gr. § 318, 6. "E?^Xr]vas and robs "EAAyvas. The former is inde- 
 finite, implying any Greeks ; the latter is definite, denoting the Greeks just 
 referred to, i. e. those whom he may have led among the barbarians. 
 
 § 6. ifxol eVeo"0cu, to follow me ; cbv vfiiv ei//o/.iat, I will follow in com~ 
 pany with you, eireadai took the dat. alone, avv with the dat., a[xa with 
 the dat., or /iera with the gen., the specific idea being varied with each 
 expression. av elvai ri/xios, that I should be honorable. For the nom- 
 inative (tl/juos) with the infin., see Gr. § 307, 4. v/j.u>v eprjfxos &v, 
 
 being bereft of you. For the government of i/xav, see Gr. § 271, 3. 
 
 ens epov k.t.A. : gen. abs. ; as if I were about to go etc. On the meaning 
 of d)s, cf. note 1, 1, 2., and on the fut. signification of. Uvros, cf. note § 1. 
 above. v/xels, sc. tyre. 
 
 §7. o'i re avrov iKelvov, both those of him himself i.e. both his own; 
 
 Ka\ oi aAAot, and the otJiers, i. e. those of the other generals. on with 
 
 its clause is explanatory of ravra : these things, that he refused etc. 
 
 TTopeveo-Ocu, the pres. infin. used in lively narration instead of the fut. infin. ; 
 in the same way that ov 7copevo/j.ai may be used instead of oh iropevcrofiau 
 
 ov (pair] : oratio obliqua. Gr. § 345, 4. tiryvecraV) sc. avrov. 
 
 irapd in this section is used with the three oblique cases : irapd with the 
 gen. (the " whence-case ") means, from the side of, or simply, from; with 
 the dat. (the " where-case "), by the side of, or simply, by ; with the accus. 
 (the " whither-case ") to the side of, or simply, to. 
 
 § 8. tovtois, by reason of these things. Gr. § 285, 1, (1). Cf. 1, 5, 13. 
 jxereire/xireTO, continued sending for-, the notion of continuance or repe- 
 tition bel'nging to the imperf. tense. rwv crrpaTicoruv depends on 
 
 Xadpa. Gr. § 273, 5, (e). avry is dependent rather on eAeye than on 
 
 ire/jLirav, which as a verb of motion would take a preposition with the 
 
 accus. Gr. § 284, 3, (1). eAeye, he said, not in person, but through 
 
 the messenger ; \4yeiv and words of similar meaning are not unfrequently 
 used in this way ; eAeye with &appe?v may be rendered, he bade him be of 
 
 good courage. ws . . . els rb oeov, on the ground that these things would 
 
 be settled seasonably. ju.eTa7re/r7re(r0at : cf. note on ixeTeire/xirero above. 
 
 e'/ce'Aeve;/ : cf. note on eAeye above. 
 
 § 9. rovs TrpoaeAdovras avry : those who had come to him, i. e. from 
 Xenias and Pasion. avr<p depends on irpocreXdSvTas. " Many verbs of 
 motion compounded with the prepositions ds, irp6s, en-/, etc., take their 
 
/ 
 
 BOOK I. CHAP III. 241 
 
 object in the dative." Gr. § 284, 2, Rem. 2. rbu povXS/iwov, the one 
 
 who desired, i. e. any one who desired, is limited by tuv &A\a>v as gen. of the 
 
 w hole. The rhetorical skill displayed in the following address deserves 
 
 particular attention. to. /xh 8?/ Kvpov k.t.K., it is plain that the rela- 
 tions of Cyrus toicards us are just the same as ours towards him, i. e. as we 
 have ceased to sustain towards him the relation of soldiers in his employ- 
 ment, so he has ceased to sustain towards us the relation of paymaster. 
 
 § 10. /xeraTrefj-TToixeuov avTOv : gen. abs. sc. fie : though he continues to 
 
 send for me. rb fxeu fieyiarov, chiefly. The correlative clause is sirena 
 
 instead of wena 8e. Cf. note on cTto § 2 above. irdura iipevo-fxei/os 
 
 ovt6v, having deceived him in all things. In § 5 above, we have another 
 
 construction, irpbs ineTvov tyevo-d/xevov, having been false to him. SeSiws 
 
 /x-fi, fearing that: After verbs of fearing, /i/j is translated like the Latin ne. 
 
 wv = tovtojv a, Gr. § 332, 6. The clause runs thus, fearing that 
 
 having taken me he may inflict punishment for those things in which he sup- 
 poses etc. 
 
 § 11. naQevSeiv, to sleep, must here of course be understood figurative- 
 ly. iiuccu avT&v : for tbe form, see Gr. § 88 ; dependent on &,ueAeIV, 
 
 Gr. § 274, 1, (b), to neglect ourselves. o, ti (or as some editors write 
 
 o Ti) from oo-tis, is the interrogative for an indirect question, as rts ri is 
 
 the interrogative for a direct question. 4k tovtcou, in consequence of 
 
 these things, in the present circumstances ; but e;c tovtov in § 13, means here- 
 upon. avrov, here, an adv. aneirreov eivai, sc. r^uv, that we must 
 
 consider etc. For the construction of the verbal in rios, see Gr. § 284, 3, 
 
 (12). &7rt/xej/, future. Cf. note § 1 above. u<pe\os oudev, sc. 
 
 i<TTi, there is no profit either in general etc. 
 
 § 12. 6 avi]p, i. e. Cyrus. ttoWov depends on a£ios as gen. of price. 
 
 Gr. § 275, 3, worthy of much, valuable. ixQpo's = inimicus : TvoXifxios = 
 
 hostis. irdures o/ioicos, all alike, all without exception. ical yap, 
 
 since also. avTov, gen. of the pers. pron. dependent on TrSppco. Gr. 
 
 § 273, Rem. 4, (c). &pa, sc. cVtiV, it is time. 
 
 § 13. c/c tovtov, hereupon; cf. note § 11. After him would be ex- 
 pressed by fieTa, tovtov ; cf. § 14 below, and 3, 1, 45. \<e£ovt€s, to 
 
 say ; fat. act. particip. denoting purpose as in Latin. Gr. § 312, 4, (c). 
 
 u7r' itce'ivov, by him, i.e. Clearchus. -o\a (from oTos), of what nature ; 
 
 how great would be expressed by &V77 (front. o<ros). 
 
 § 14. efs 8e 817. The three clauses ol /ueV, ol Se, and els 8e 8?'? are cor- 
 relative, the last being made emphatic by S77 : render them, some . . . , 
 others . . . , but one particularly . . . — — eXeadai depends on e?7re, proposed 
 
 to choose. et ^ jSouActcu for liveliness of narration instead of d fi^j 
 
 fiovXoiTo. 7] 8" ayopd . . . CTpaTev/j.aTi. This clause is not a part of 
 
 the speech, but is thrown in by the narrator to show how absurd the speech 
 
 11 
 
242 NOTES. 
 
 •was. (rvcrKevdfecrQai like eAeo"0cu depends on elire : so also the remain. 
 
 ing infinitives in this section. i\6opras agrees with the implied subject 
 
 of alrelv ; and that they having gone should demand etc. iav f.i^ 5i5a\ 
 
 As the Greeks not unfrequently pass abruptly from the oratio obliqua to the 
 oratio recta, so dependent clauses of the oratio obliqua often take the form 
 of the oratio recta. Here the regular form of the oratio obliqua would be 
 el /.ii] SiSonj. Cf. note 1, 4 } 12. So also aird£et instead of airaydyoL on the 
 
 same principle. r)]v raxL&Triv, sc « oS6v, in the speediest (manner). For 
 
 the construction, see Gr. § 279, Rem. 8. irpoKaTaXT\i\iopL€vovs, persons 
 
 to preoccupy etc., the object of Tciixtyai. Cf. note on xQovres §13. 
 
 (pSdaoxri KaraAafiSi'Tes, may have anticipated us in having occupied (them). 
 For the construction of <pddva), rvyxdvu), KavQdva, etc., with a participle, 
 
 see Gr. § 310, 4, (1). ay, relating to ol KiXixes, limits both iroXKovs 
 
 and xp'hfia-Ta- '■> "with the former, it is a partitive gen. (or more properly gen. 
 
 of the whole), with the latter, a gen. of possession. (ixofxei/ TjpirakoTzs : 
 
 a complete transition to the oratio recta, which was already indicated by 
 using the subj. and indie, instead of the optat. just before. The particip. 
 and verb, as often elsewhere, may here be rendered into English by two 
 connected verbs : — -from whom we have taken and now possess many captives 
 
 and much treasure. toctovtoi/, thus much, i. e. only thus much, directing 
 
 attention to the brevity of his speech. 
 
 § 15. us . . . CTparriyiav, as if I were about to take this command; either 
 the accus. or the gen. abs. may follow as or ciairep. Gr. § 312, 6. crrpa- 
 T-rjyiav is accus. of kindred meaning after o~TpaT7)yf)(rovTa. Gr. § 278, 1, 2. 
 
 AeyeTO? takes as object, not 4/jl4 alone, but the whole clause, as . . . 
 
 GTparriyiav. It may be rendered, let no one of you entertain an opinion as 
 
 if etc. With the meaning of \ey4rco here, cf. that cf Aeyets 2, 1, 15. 
 
 i/jLol . . . TroLTjreov. For the construction of the verbal, see Gr. § 284, 3, 
 
 (12). as 5e, sc. enaffTOS AeyeVw suggested by fxrjdeis \eyira, but let 
 
 each one entertain the opinion that I etc. tm avfipi : cf. note on ireicro- 
 
 /xai 1, 3, 5. %v av e\r)cr9e, whom you shall have chosen, dv with the 
 
 aor. subjunct. has the meaning of a fut. perf. Gr. § 255, Rem. 9. 
 
 rj fivvarbv /j.d\iara, lit. in what way it is possible the most, or more simply, 
 the most possible, most implicitly. — — Treicrofxai stands by a change of con- 
 struction for ireiffoixevov, wbich would correspond to the construction of 
 p'Tparriyiia'ovTa. on Kal apx*o~dai iTricrrafxai. It was universally ad- 
 mitted that he knew how to govern (dpxeiv) ; hence the force of /cat before 
 
 apx^o'dai : — that I know how to be governed also. [xdXiVTa ayOpairay is 
 
 added to the foregoing expression for the sake of emphasis ; lit. as any 
 other one also especially of men, i. e. as well as any other one among men. 
 
 § 16. rov . . . KsXevovros, of the person urging etc. ; gen. limiting eu- 
 4)9eiai/. affnep . . . iroiovfiivov : gen. abs. cf. note § 15. Eriig. and 
 
book i. chap. in. 243 
 
 Hert. -would omit the negative (/xr)) in this clause, and render it thus, just as 
 though Cyrus would make the expedition back again, and so have no occasion 
 to use the ships. This interpretation is rendered very probahle by a com- 
 parison with 1, 4, 5. Matthiae expresses the same idea by omitting irdXiv. 
 Kiihner following Bornemann renders, quasi retro' Cyrus navigaturus non 
 essct, — an intelligible and possible interpretation, but less probable than 
 the one above given. Others render TrdXiv by posthac, which Kuh. pro- 
 nounces impossible. ivoiovnivoy instead of iroir\ao^vov, — the lively 
 
 Greek often conceiving of the future as already present. See Gr. § 255, 
 Rem. 3. irapd with the gen. ; cf. note 1, 2, 5. See also the construc- 
 tion of aire?}/ § 14. $ is attracted by its antecedent 7)ye[x6vi. from the 
 
 accus. to the dat. See Gr. § 332, G. For the force of dv with the pres. 
 
 subjunct., see Gr. § 2G0, 3, (c). Cf. also note on ov av eXrjaOe § 15. 
 
 ri . . . TrpoKa.TaAa/j.fidveiv. Kriig. understands this passage thus, what hin- 
 ders that Cyrus (as he can work against us in other matters, so also) shoidd 
 give orders to occupy the heights before us (for the purpose of intercepting 
 us) ? Hertlein more suitably to the connection understands it as ironical 
 and intended to show the absurdity of asking ships or a guide from Cyrus : 
 thus, what hinders our urging Cyrus also to preoccupy the heights for us (i. e. 
 for our advantage) ? 
 
 § 17. 'E7W is not expressed unless there is some emphasis on it. 
 
 fi-flt lest, used after oKvotrjv as afteiva^verb of fearing. avra?s Ta?s rpi- 
 
 rjptcri, lit. with the ships themselves, i. e. as we sometimes say ships and all. 
 
 For the government of Tpiripeo-i, see Gr. § 283, 2. £ : cf. note § 16. 
 
 dv with Zoir] is omitted in some editions on the ground that the optat. 
 
 with dv must be the principal clause of a conditional sentence, while here 
 it stands in a relative clause. Yet instances of the kind before us seem to 
 be well established (cf. 1, 5, 9), and the dv suggests here very pertinently 
 an implied condition, thus — whom he should give (if indeed he should give 
 
 one). o'0ei/ = e/ce?(re odev, to a place from which, the antecedent of a 
 
 relative adverb like that of a relative pronoun being often omitted. 
 
 dydyrj and tWcu instead of aydyoi and dr). Cf. note on iav /u.7] 8i5<£ § 14 
 
 above. &kovtos Kvpov, gen. abs. ; kn&v and cutcov in the gen. abs. 
 
 have the force of participles, ovtos or vvtuv being very seldom expressed 
 with them. A few passages also occur where kTol^wv stands absolutely 
 without ovtwv (cf. 7, 8, 11). With these exceptions the omission of &v in 
 
 the gen. abs. is rare and poetic. XaOeiv avrbv aireX.Q(av, lit. to elude 
 
 him in having gone away, i. e. to go away without his notice. 
 
 § 18. (pXvaplas : accus. plur. predicate of elvai ; has esse nugas. 
 
 tI . . . xpijcrflcu, for what he wishes to employ us. For t[ in an indirect 
 question instead of 0, ri, see Gr. § 314, Rem. 1. For the government of 
 ri, see Gr. § 278, 4. ??, subjunct. pres. 3d pers. sing. o'lc^irep =» 
 
244 NOTES. 
 
 Toiavrij olavirep, the antecedent being omitted and the relative being at- 
 tracted to its case. The relative oiavirep would depend on xprjadcu as an 
 accus. of cognate meaning, the Greek being able to say (according to 
 Kriiger) Trpa^tu xpv (r ^ a h as ne would say %pr\<nv xpTJeBai. ^ e shojild 
 render, similar to that in which he formerly also employed the mercenaries. 
 
 For the allusion, cf. 1, 1, 2. ^-tovtu), i. e. Kvpw, depends on <rvv in 
 
 composition. 
 
 § 19. tt)s TrpScGey, sc. 7rpa|ea>s, depends on the comparatives which 
 follow. irpoaQev has here the obstruction of an adjective. Adverbs are 
 
 often thus used in Greek. Gr. § 262, d. afyovv and below airayye?- 
 
 Xai and fiovXeveaQcu with its subject accus. depend on doKe? § 18. — — — 
 t) . . . rj : either that he having persuaded should lead xs or etc., dependent on 
 a£iodv. The Greeks would probably be persuaded not so much by argu- 
 ments as by higher pay {dcopois Kal %P'hi JLa(J ' tv ) Cyrop. ], 5, 3. irpbs 
 
 (piXiav, in a friendly manner. Cf. irpbs opyrjv, in an angry manner, and irpbs 
 
 7)$ov7]v, in a flattering manner. Thucyd. 2, 65. acpievai, dismiss, let go. 
 
 cpihoi, an adject, agreeing with the subject of kiroiixeQtx; in following, 
 
 we should folloio friendly to him etc. 
 
 § 20. %do£e radra : notice the asyndeton (omission of the connective). 
 Cf. 3, 2, 39 ; 3, 3, 20 ; 4, 2, 19 ; 4, 4, 6. Similar instances, when the 
 
 verb stands first and the demonstrative follows, are numerous. ra 
 
 S6^avra rfj GrpariS. : lit. the things which seemed good for the army, i. e. 
 
 what had been resolved on for the army. on anovot k.t.A. Cyrus here 
 
 discloses a part of the truth, that the Greeks might be led to conjecture 
 the rest, and thus by degrees become familiar with the project of marching 
 
 against the Mug. Abrocamas is mentioned again in 1, 7, 12. t)]v 
 
 ZIkt)v, the merited punishment. Cf. 2, 5, 38, and 41. 
 
 § 21. ol alperol, those who were chosen. Cf. dvdpas e\6/j.evoi /c.r.A. § 20. 
 
 ayei, used for vivacity of expression instead of dyoi. irpocrai- 
 
 tovcti. The preposition in composition signifies in addition, i. e. in addition 
 
 to the pay which they had before received. i]/j.i6\iov . . . ol : a half 
 
 more than that which etc. ov = tovtov o, the relative depending on ecpepov 
 and the antecedent on i]p.i6Xiov which has the force of a comparative. Gr. 
 § 275, 2. Others take ou = rod jxicrQov ov, instead of regarding it as a 
 
 neuter pronoun used substantively. rov /xrjvSs, monthly. Gr. § 273, 
 
 4, (b). rcS CTpaTicirrj, to the soldier, i. e. to each soldier. For the 
 
 value of the Daric, see note 1, 1, 9. tV ye t<£> <pavep<2, adverbial, at 
 
 least openly. Cf. tv t<£ ifxpave?, 2, 5, 25. 
 
BOOK I. CIIAP. IV. 245 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 The march from Tarsus to the Euphrates. Manner of passing the Pylae 
 Syriae ; — desertion of Xenias and Pasion ; — conduct of Cyrus towards 
 them ; — arrival at Thnpsacus on the Euphrates ; — Cyrus discloses his 
 real object ; — dissatisfaction of the army ; — at length, influenced by 
 fresh promises and by the example of Menon, the whole army crosses 
 the Euphiates. 
 
 § 1. Wapos is written ~2,dpos in other Greek authors ; it is now called 
 Seibun. The river Pyramus is now called Dschehan. The city Issus" 
 afterwards became celebrated as the scene of the great battle between 
 
 Alexander and Darius 111. diK.ovixivf\v, situated, Cf. oj/cetro 1, 4, 11 ; 
 
 4, 8, 22. It sometimes means inhabited (1, 2, 6.), in opposition to the idea 
 ep-hixri, deserted. Cf. 1, 5, 4 ; and 3, 4, 7. 
 
 § 2. al 4k UeAo-rrovyficrov y/jes : the clause e/c IleA. has the position and 
 force of an adjective. Gr. § 245, Rem. 3. The ships from Peloponnesus 
 
 have already been mentioned 1, 2, 21. eV avrcus, over them, denoting 
 
 command. Cf. in § 3. eVl twv vewv, upon the ships, denoting situation 
 
 only. riyeiTo avrcay, led them, i. e. as commander in chief, while 
 
 Pythagoras was subordinate in command, and admiral of the Peloponne- 
 sian ships only. After the death of Cyrus, this Tamos fled to Psammeti- 
 
 chus king of Egypt and was there executed by order of the king. e£ 
 
 'Ecpeaov is to be connected with i)ye?TO, conducted from Ephesus. 
 
 iiro\i6pK€L, and crvj/eTro\e l uei : cf. note on zrvyxavev 1, 1, 8. ■ Trpbs av- 
 
 tov, against him, i. e. against Tissaphernes. 
 
 § 3. /j.€Tairef.iTVTos : for the force of the verbal adject, in -ros, see Gr. 
 
 § 234, 1, (i) ; cf. alperoi, 1, 3, 21. 'APpoKo/xa : gen. sing. 1st declens., 
 
 see Gr. § 44, Rem. 2. This whole clause is a condensed expression, equiva- 
 lent to ol irap' y AfipoKOfJ.a p.tcr6o<p6poi "EKkrjues Trap' 'Afipoico/j-a cbroaraj'Tes, 
 the mercenary Greeks with Abrocamas having revoltedyVo?re Abrocamas etc. 
 Cf. note on twv irapa fiaaiXzws 1,1,5. 
 
 § 4. iurevdev, thence, i. e. from the city Issi, or as commonly written 
 
 Issus. TrvAas k.t.K. Three mountain passes led into the Cilician 
 
 plain : one over Mt. Taurus, through which Cyrus had already gone before 
 reaching Tarsus ; the other two, between Cilicia and Syria. Of these, the 
 route nearest the sea, which Cyrus now chose (and which contained in 
 reality two passes), was called the Syrian, and that farthest from the sea, 
 the Amanic pass. irv\as stands here without the article, as is often the 
 
 case with the names of places. ^<rav . . . reixv^ an d these were two 
 
 walls. Thus Xen. describes somewhat indefinitely the passes themselves, 
 because they were fortified by two rdxV' Observe in this clause : i]oav 
 with the neut. plur. Gr. § 241, 4, (b). irpo, before, on the side of. To 
 
246 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 denote this idea irpSs was more commonly used. 8ia /*4<rov, through 
 
 the midst, /xecrov used substantively often stands without the article ; cf. 
 
 1, 7, 6 ; 1, 8, 13. evpos irXiBpov : the latter word depends on irora- 
 
 (.ios, the former is ace. by synec. -f\cav agrees in number with the 
 
 predicate. Cf. %v 6, 2, 10 ; and 7, 2, 32. ovk ^\v, impers. it was not 
 
 possible. riXifiaroi : a poetic word. Cf. Introduction ; latter part of 
 
 § 3. — I — icpeiffT'fjKeo-av : compounded of iiri and "o-Trjfii. Recollect that 
 'lo'Trjfxi is intrans. in the perf. pluparf. and 2d aor. act., and that the perf. 
 
 and pluperf. act. are pres. and imperf. in meaning. This section may 
 
 be better understood by the following diagram. 
 
 * 
 
 § 5. aTrofiifidareiei/ : from &7ro/3ij8a£co, a transitive verb, to be carefully 
 distinguished from airofialvo) (intrans.) : that he might land heavy-armed 
 
 men etc. eftrw, within, i. e. between the two walls or fortresses ; e|w, 
 
 without, i. e. on the Syrian side ; irvXwv limits both eiW and e|co. See Gr. 
 
 § 273, 3, (c). Kal fiiacrdixevoi k.t.X., and that they (i. e. Cyrus and his 
 
 army) having forced the enemy etc. For a similar change of subject in two 
 succeeding clauses, from the commander alone to the commander with his 
 troops, cf. § 19. <pv\a.TTOiey, sc. ol iroXspaoi. oirep, ichich very 
 
 thing, i. e. the keeping guard at the Syrian pass. 
 
 exoura : the parti- 
 
 ciple denotes the various ideas of time, cause, and condition. Here the 
 
 notion of cause seems most prominent, because he had a large army. 
 
 ov instead of its usual position (immediately before the verb) here stands 
 before rodro, thus anticipating more distinctly the following antithesis. 
 — — Kvpou . . . ovra, that Cyrus was etc. For the accus. and particip. 
 instead of the accus. and infin. see Gr. § 310, 4. 
 
 § 6. Mvplavdov. Hertlein, apparently following Kiepert, gives this as 
 the true form of the word for the time of Xenophon, instead of the later form 
 
 MvpiavZpov, which is fonnd in most editions. %v. Xen. might have 
 
 written icrrl, the place is a commercial factory, for the language was still 
 true when he wrote the account ; but the past tense is not unfrequently 
 introduced thus instead of the present in a narration. Cf. ij/6/j.i(ov 1, 4, 9. 
 e'xwpet 1, 5, 6, and l\v 1, 4, 1. oXuddes. For an account of the dif- 
 ferent kinds of ships, see Die. Antiqq. art. navis. Sipfiovu : from dp- 
 
 ix((t} t to be carefully distinguished from dpp.dw. 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. IV. 247 
 
 § 7. ws . . . i$6icovv, as they seemed to the most ; the personal, instead 
 of the more usual impersonal construction. (pi\0Tiix-r)QevTes, being jea- 
 lous. The allusion is explained in 1, 3, 7. rovs crTpanuras is the 
 
 object of ex* lv : because Cyrus allowed Clearchus to retain etc. Observe 
 
 the important force of tovs before irapa KKeapxov : their soldiers, those who 
 had gone to Clearchus. Without tovs it would mean, their soldiers (imply- 
 ing all of them) after having gone away to Clearchus. cos : cf. note 1, 
 
 1, 2. e'ta : imperf. 3d pers. sing, of idee, with the augment et-. See 
 
 Gr. § 122, 3. evxovro as distinguished from fSovXoiiai and efleAco de- 
 notes an earnest desire. ws . . . iivras : cf. note on ws 1, 1, 2. 
 
 aXdxroivro : observe that all the parts of this verb even those which are 
 act. or mid. in form are pass, in meaning. 
 
 § 8. a\\' . . . on, but still let them at least know well that etc. eTriard- 
 
 aQwaav from iiriaTafx.ai. cc7roSi5pacr/c», / escape by running aicay and 
 
 eluding observation; airocpevyw, I flee away so as to get beyond the power of 
 
 any one. ofy ^ 1 ) as a ^ so ^' ct0 > ls V er ^ m meaning, though pres. in 
 
 form. Gr. § 255, Eem. 2. ov5' . . . ovdeis : a double negation which 
 
 we can translate only by a single negative. Gr. § 318. 6. ds iyd>, 
 
 notice the emphasis on this last word. avrovs, though in the plural, 
 
 refers to t\s as collective in meaning. Uvtcdv, let them (i. e. Xenias 
 
 and Pasion) go. Kaiciovs, nominat. plur., qualifying the subject of eiai. 
 
 Kairoi ... 76 ... , aAA.' : although I have indeed . . . , yet etc. ye 
 
 renders ex * emphatic. TpaWeis : Tralles was a city in Lydia. 
 
 <Ppovpovjxeva refers to Teni/a Kal yvvcuKas, not as persons but as things. 
 
 Gr. § 242. <TTep-l]aovrai : observe the anomaly in voice. See L. & Sc. 
 
 § 9. 7j5(oj/ and ivpoQv^6repov : for the comparison of adverbs, see Gr. 
 
 § 85. ffweiropevoi/TOy proceeded in company with (him, i. e. Cyrus). 
 
 For the special force of the imperf. tense, see Gr. § 256, 2. Xd\os : 
 
 now called Kuweik. Lower in its course it flows through Haleb, the 
 XaAvfidov of the ancients. The name XoAos seems allied to the name 
 
 XaXvfiuv. irXeQpov limits Ttora\i.6v. Cf. irXeOpau 1, 2, 23. ■ Sreovs. 
 
 According to the Syrian legend, Semiramis was changed into a dove and 
 her mother Derceto into a fish. Diodor. 2, 4, and 20. Hence these ani- 
 mals were held as sacred by the Syrians. The worship of fishes was 
 especially prevalent in the neighboring city, sacred to Derceto, called by 
 the Greeks 'lepdiroXis, by the Syrians Bambyce (so on the map), or Old- 
 Nineveh (from nin i. e.flsh). ev6^ov and eioiv : cf. note on fy § 6. 
 
 eXwv : cf. ela § 7. oiiSe ras TepiffTepds, sc. aduceTi/ etW. els (u>- 
 
 vr\v : the tribute from different provinces in the Persian empire was often 
 devoted to the supply of the various wants of the Persian queens. In like 
 manner (as we learn from Thucyd. 1, 138.) the Persian king gave to 
 Themistocles the province of Magnesia to supply him with bread, Lamp- 
 sacus, with wine, and Myus with viands. 
 
248 NOTES. 
 
 § 10. A<z/?aSa£. This river has not yet been identified in modem 
 times. Its situation however can be determined pretty nearly by the dis- 
 tances given in the Anab., and this is farther confirmed by the site of the 
 city afterwards called Barbalissus, by the Syrians, Bar-Balasch (i. e. field 
 
 of BaJasch = Belesys), now called Balis. ou to edpos irXidpov : the 
 
 full construction^iccording to Kriiger is oj to evpos iart evpos irXedpov, 
 whose icidth is (that of) a hundred feet. rod . . . 'ap^avTOS, the one hav- 
 ing governed Syria, i. e. the person who had been governor of Syria (up to the 
 time when Cyrus arrived). axnov, i. e. irapadeio-ov. 
 
 § 11. iirl . . . TroTafAov : Hert. understands this to mean along the river, 
 supposing Cyrus to have reached the Euphrates at the place called on the 
 map Daradax, and from thence to have proceeded along in the neighbor- 
 hood of the river without following" its numerous windings. But the usual 
 interpretation to the river seems - to be a more natural expression of eirl 
 tov . . . TroTa/xSu : and it would seem also that Cyrus first reached the 
 Euphrates at Thapsacus, because the width of the river is first mentioned 
 
 at that place. rerTapuv CToSiuv is pronounced by Kiepert to be a 
 
 mistake either of the pen or of the memory for TCTTapcav irXsQpwv. 
 
 cpKelro : cf. note on oIkovjj.4vt)v 1, 4, 1. Qdtyatcos : the name is derived 
 
 from a Syriac word, signifying ford, or ferry. The ruins of the ancient 
 city are near a ford of the Euphrates, a little above the present city Rakka, 
 
 called in the Macedonian period Nicephorium. bvo/xaTi : the accus. 
 
 uvo/xa is a more common construction. Cf. 1, 2, 23. fiaaiXea : cf. 
 
 note on fiaaiXevs 1, 1, 5. ava-rreldeiv differs from ireidziv, in implying 
 
 that a previous opinion must first be refuted, or a previous determination 
 checked, and then some other opinion or determination made to take its 
 place. Tret Qeiv means simply to persuade, apaireiOeiv, to bring ovei by per- 
 suasion. 
 
 § 12. avrovs . . . Kpinrreiv : that they, knowing these things long before, 
 concealed them. Contrary to the usual construction of the verba declarandi, 
 <p7)/j.i almost always takes the accus. and infin. instead of on or ws with a 
 
 finite mood. ovk ecpa&av : cf. note 1, 3, 1. lav . . . 8i8<2, instead 
 
 of et . . . SiSoiTj. Cf. note on this same expression 1, 3, 14. lav '/.eft, 
 
 unless. ■ t\s, some one. The reference is of course to Cyrus. 
 
 uairep ical, sc. ravra idodrj, as also was given etc. For the allusion, see 1, 
 1, 2. Kal ravra, and., that too. ravra may be explained here by under- 
 standing 45667], although the phrase k<x\ tuvto. often has the force of a 
 
 conjunction. See Gr. § 312, Kern. 8. Iovtwv, sc. avTav, gen. abs. 
 
 The dat. lovaiv agreeing with rols irpoT. might have been expected. Cf. 
 irpo'iGVTM 1, 2, 17. and 4y6 VT(av 3? 1 5 40. 
 
 § 13. Suaeiv. The fut. infin. is the usual construction after verbs of 
 hoping and promising ; yet see Travaaa^ai 1, 2, 2. fiovXevo-aardcu 2, 3, 20. 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. IV. 24.9 
 
 — fivas. For an account of the Grecian money, see Die. Antiqq. art 
 
 nummus. '^kohti and KaTao-Ti'-jo-n '• c ^ note ° n **v . • . 8i5&P 1, 3, 14. 
 
 Th tto\u tov 'EWrjyucov : lit. the much of the Grecian force, i. e. in an 
 
 Eng. idiom, the greater part of etc. in distinction from Menon and Lis army. 
 ■jroXv without t6 would mean much, a considerable part, but not the greater 
 
 part. irplv S?]\oy elvcu, before it was plain. See Gr. § 337, 9, (c). 
 
 rl iroirio-Qvcriv. The form of a direct question, for liveliness of narration, 
 instead of o, rt iroi-qo-eiav : and since it is directly dependent on this clause 
 tyovTcu also has the form of the oratio recta. In translating we should 
 more naturally employ the oratio obliqua, — what the other soldiers would do, 
 whether they would follow etc. 
 
 § 14. TrpoTi/.irio-eade : mid. in form, but pass, in meaning, — you shall be 
 honored before the other etc. irXeov though pleonastic, imparts additional 
 
 force to irpo- in composition. vf.ias xp?l vaL Stafirjvat, that it is expedient 
 
 for you to cross, v/xas is the subj. of b~iafi?ivai, xprivai * s Uppers, and de- 
 pendent on (p-n/xl. aivoKpivovvTai. For the formation of the fut. in 
 
 liquid verbs, see Gr. § 149. 
 
 § 15. v)j/ . . . \p7](piac»yTai : lit. for if they shall have voled. au with the 
 subjunct. aor. is a dependent fut. perf. Gr. § 255, Rem. 9. We should 
 
 commonly say simply, for if they vote. atrial : an adject, qualifying 
 
 vfxe?s : you will seem to be a cause, i. e. of their voting to follow. dp- 
 
 £avres : the particip. denotes here most prominently the notion of cause, 
 while the other ideas of time and of condition are also involved. We may 
 
 render it, because you began etc. Cf. note on 'iyovra. § 5 above. X"-P li/ 
 
 eiSevai and airodiSoi/cu : in Latin gratiam liabere and referre : to be grateful 
 and to repay a favor, or to return thanks. etaerai is fut. of olSa. See Gr. 
 
 § 195. ej ris Kal dh\os : cf. 1, 3, 15. airoi\n]<pio~wvTai, sc. eireadai. 
 
 O.TTO-, away, from, has a privative or negative sense. fyuV . . . els : 
 
 but you as if alone yielding he icill employ (as) most faithful both for etc. 
 
 Kal aWov . . . Kvpov : and any other thing, whatever you shall need, J know 
 that you will obtain from Cyrus as a friend. Two methods of explaining the 
 construction of dXXov are proposed. It may depend as gen. on rev^ecrOe, 
 since rvyx&vew can take two genitives (cf. 5, 7, 33), or it may be instead 
 of dWo by inverted attraction (in which the antecedent is attracted to the 
 case of the relative). Gr. § 332, Rem. 11. 
 
 § 16. SiafiefirjKoras, sc. avrovs : that they had crossed over ; accus. and 
 
 particip. after a verbum sentiendi. elirev : cf. note on e\tye 1, 3, 8. 
 
 ij5rj . . . iiraivu : for the present I applaud you ; or, for the present I thank 
 
 you. Cf. iiraiva) 7, 7, 52. iiraiveaere : the fut. act. of iiraivea) is much 
 
 less frequent than the fut. mid. ■})... yo/xi^ere : or no longer think me 
 
 (to be) Cyrus. His generosity was well known. 
 
 § 17. oi arpariurai : the soldiers, i. e. those of Menon. MeVww : 
 
 11* 
 
250 NOTES. 
 
 to Menon, or for Menon : dat. commodi, limiting irefxtycu, but not as a verb 
 of motion. To denote the person or place wbere tbe motion ends, after a 
 verb expressing or implying motion, a preposition with tbe accus. is used. 
 In § 16 t<5 (rrparev/j.aTL limits elirev, not ire/xipas. Tbe same principle is 
 
 also familiar in Latin. ical ruy . . . ovdds : and no one of those who 
 
 were crossing the river etc. Kriig. and Matt omit rG>v and understand av- 
 tooj/, — and no one of them while crossing etc. Hert. retains t&v and also 
 understands avrwy, which seems inadmissible. Tbe first interpretation 
 presents no real difficulty. 
 
 § 18. diafiarhs . . . ireCv : P a ssable on foot, fordable. For tbe meaning 
 
 of the verbals in -t6s, see Gr. § 234, 1, (i). el jxi\ : except ; used after 
 
 negations. Cf. 1, 5, 6 ; 2, 1, 12 ; 4, 7, 5. aWa. : but only ; cf. 3, 2, 
 
 13. In this clause understand* 'SiafiaTos : but (that it was passable only) 
 with boats. — — 8ia/3?r : another instance added to several that we have 
 already noticed, in which the subjunct. stands instead of the optat. in a 
 ■clause dependent on a past tense of the indie. See Gr. § 327 a . 1, and 2. 
 
 tov Tvoraixov is tbe subject of vnoxcopvo-aL and both together depend 
 
 on idoizei, — that the river manifestly receded before Cyrus as if etc. The 
 statement of the Thapsacenes is considered by Grote as " a mere piece 
 of flattery to Cyrus." For other similar instances of oriental flattery, see 
 Grote ch. 69, and note on this passage. 
 
 § 19. ~2,vpias. This name, as also Aram in the Old Test., was given 
 to the land both east and west of the Euphrates. It was not till the 
 Roman period that tbe name was limited to tbe country between the Eu- 
 phrates and the Mediterranean ; for it was not till after the Macedonian 
 conquest that the name MeaoTrorafita became generally applied to the land 
 
 between tbe Tigris and Euphrates. 'Apdfys. This name, signifying 
 
 " water-flowing," was applied to several rivers in tbe Aramaean country. 
 Here it is applied to the only tributary of the lower Euphrates, which in 
 all other ancient writings is called Chabor (Xafiwpas or 'Afioppas). The 
 Arabs now call it Chabur. In tbe Roman period, the important frontier 
 fortress Circesium stood here. 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 March on tbe left bank of the Euphrates to a point opposite Charmande. 
 Sufferings of the army in the desert ;— dangerous quarrel of Clearchus 
 and Menon, in which the Greeks generally become involved ; — settled 
 by the expostulation of Cyrus. 
 
 § 1, 'Apafilas. This is an ethnographic name given to tbe southern 
 part of Mesopotamia, because this region, owing in part to the depth of tbe 
 channel of the Euphrates, was nearly destitute of water and of vegetation ; 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. V. 251 
 
 and consequently was inhabited only by roving tribes of Arabs, as is also 
 
 the case at the present day. ip-fi/iovs, in a desert country. airav is 
 
 sometimes explained as qualifying 6ixa\6v ; but in 4, 4, 1, it is used in the 
 same sense as here and is necessarily an adject. So here it is more natural 
 to consider it an adject, qualifying irediov. In that region the earth was alto- 
 gether a plain level as a sea. Cf. Thucyd. 6, 21. Herod. 1, 52. d ns 
 
 and et ri may often be best rendered whoever, whatever. So here : — and 
 
 whatever else also there ivas in (this region) of brush or reed etc. airavra 
 
 refers to tf ri as collective in meaning. Cf. avrovs 1, 4, 8. r t aav 
 
 agrees with a neuter plur. See Gr. § 241. Rem. 5. (b). Cf. 1, 2, 23. 
 
 iu?iv : sc. rovrco rep r6ircf. 
 
 § 2. foipia iravrola, sc. iurjy. 5iw/coi and TrArjcid^oiev. The optat. 
 
 is not unfrequently as here used in an iterative sense. Gr. § 327 b , 2. 
 
 Trpodpafj.6urss, from irporp^xco. karacav : syncopated pluperf. 3d pers. 
 
 plur.; used in the sense of the imperf. Gr. § 193. iro\v : an adv. 
 
 qualifying barrou, much swifter. ravrbv iiroiovy, they did the same 
 
 thing. For the form ra.hr 6v instead of rb ahrS, see Gr. § 92, Rem. 2. 
 
 Xafiiiv, sc. avrovs. dia- in composition with crdvres signifies apart, 
 
 at intervals. • Siadsx^aevoi r0 ? s 'i nir ois : relieving (one another) with 
 
 their horses. ro?s i\a<peiois, sc. Kpiaaiv, the flesh of stags, venison. 
 
 § 3. 7roAu yap . . . (pevyovo'a : for in fleeing it distanced (the horsemen^ 
 by far. One would expect (pevywv instead of (pevyovo'a, as in the phrase 
 arpovQol ol fxeyaAoi just above, arpov06s is masculine ; but the gender of this 
 
 word in other writers also fluctuates as here. ro?s p.sv trocrl . . . ra?s 
 
 8e Trrepvfrv depend on -^pwixivt], — vsing the feet in running and the wings (by 
 raising them vp) just like a sail. With aXpovaa understand toss irrepvyas. 
 aviarrrj being in the present tense denotes the continuance or repeti- 
 tion of the action, — if one start them vp quickly and repeatedly. e<rn, it 
 
 is possible. For this accentuation, see Gr. § 35, 1. i\v : cf. note on r\v 
 
 1, 4, 6. 
 
 § 4. ■nXzQpiaiov. In this entire distance of five days' march only short, 
 narrow, and except in the rainy season dry ravines are found ; so that the 
 language of Xen. is applicable only to a canal which is filled from the 
 Euphrates, and is situated at about this distance from Chabor. Together 
 with the river it forms the large island "Werdi, and on this Corsote must 
 
 have stood. irepieppdro kvkKco must not be taken in too stx*ict a sense. 
 
 In 4, 7, 2. and in 7, 1, 14. kvkAco cannot mean entirely round : and Iso- 
 crates says of the Nile kvkXm avri]v (Egypt) Trepiex^y- For the imperf. 
 here, cf. note on rju 1, 4, 6. Maovca : see Gr. § 44, Rem. 2. 
 
 § 5. YluXas. This was not a mountain pass like the Hv\ai tv}s KiAi- 
 kioj Kal rrjs ^vpias (1, 4, 4.), but rather a gentle descent from the high 
 desert region which they had just traversed to the well watered and fruitful 
 
252 NOTES. 
 
 lowlands of Babylonia. Very likely also at this point a fortress may hava 
 
 been established, marking the boundary between two satrapies. ovSh 
 
 dXXo ovdev Sevopov : nor any thing else even a tree. — — of evoiKovvres, sc 
 
 ravrrj tij x^P c ovovs aXeras. The latter noun, grammatically in 
 
 apposition with the former, is added to give it the specific meaning mill- 
 stone. According to the grammarians, uvos denoted the upper and fivXos 
 the lower mill-stone. It is also suggested that the upper mill-stone may 
 have been called ovos from the fact that the ass was very commonly em- 
 ployed in turning it. tfyov, sc. uvpvs oAeVas. /cat . . . e(av, and 
 
 subsisted by purchasing com in return ; sc. rwv ovow olXstwi/ ; efay : imperf. 
 of (da. 
 
 § 6. irpiao~8cu : used only in the aor. ; referred to wveojxai as a present. 
 
 eV tj} Avdia ayopa. We learn from Herod. 1, 155, and 157. that the 
 
 elder Cyrus, after the conquest of Lydia forbade the use of arms to the 
 
 inhabitants, and that henceforth they devoted their attention to trade. 
 
 iv tgJ . . . fiapfiapiKcS : to fiapfiapiKov, the barbarian (army), is used like 
 to 'EXXt]vik6u 1, 4, 13. tV Kairl97]v : in apposition with gItov under- 
 stood, the object of TrpiacQai. TtTT&poov GiyXwv : gen. of price. Gr. 
 
 § 275, 3. It will be perceived that aiyAos is the Greek form of the word 
 
 shekel which occurs so often in the Old Testament. bfioXovs : object 
 
 of SvvaTau Gr. § 279, 6. 'Attlkovs agrees with the principal word 
 
 bpoXovs, although the more remote. The 6fiox6s was one-sixth of a 
 dpax/J-rj, which was about one-sixth of an American dollar in value. How 
 high the price here mentioned was, may be seen by a comparison with tbe 
 prices at Athens. In the time of Socrates, four choenixes of peeled barley 
 were worth one obolus. Boeckh, Staatshaush. d. Atb. 1. 102. By com- 
 putation it will be seen that the price of corn in the army of Cyrus at this 
 
 time compared with the price at Athens was as sixty to one. With 
 
 iadiovTes SieyiyvovTO compare Xeycav dirjye 1, 2, 11 ; SieTeXovv p^paytevoi 
 3, 4, 17. 
 
 § 7. i)v ovs, some. So also we find Zgtiv or fy uv for the gen. ; Zgtiv 
 or t)v oh for the dat. In all these expressions the verb has merely the 
 force of a prefix ; and the two words together equal, in the gen. ivlay, in 
 the dat. iuiois, in the accus. eviovs. See Gr. § 331, Rem. 4 ; i)v oils there- 
 fore taken together depend on i)Xawev as accus. of cognate meaning. Lit. 
 some of these stages he marched very long ; i. e. some of these stages which he 
 accomplished were very long. fiovXoiTO, another example of the itera- 
 tive optative. Cf. didbnoi, irX7}Gid£oiev, 1, 5, 2. SiaTeXeaai, sc. ttjv 
 
 656v. In 4, 5, 11. we find the expression SiaTsXeacu iv tPj 68c?. KaX 
 
 $7} is often used to introduce that which is specially emphatic. And what 
 
 was worthy of special notice, on a certain occasion when etc. crewx capias, 
 
 gen. abs. The case absolute in Greek as in Latin is best translated by 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. V. 25 
 
 o 
 
 one of the words, when, because, or if; according as the notion of time^ 
 cause, or condition is most prominent. For the gender and number of 
 
 (pavivros see Gr. § 242. 1. (b). too /3. o-rparov, depends on Aa/3cWas, 
 
 the gen. denoting of, a part of Gr. § 273, 3. 
 
 § 8. (rvveiricrirevaai (comp. crvv, iiri, aircvSu) ; cvv, with, often denotes 
 
 assistance (cf. o-vveKfiifid^eiv sup.), to assist in hastening on the wagons. 
 
 i\v, impers., it teas possible. ndv8vs, see Die. Antiqq. art. Candys. 
 
 eruxej/ t(TT7j/cws, happened to be standing. Cf. irapuv iTvyx au€ > '* !• 2 J 
 kernKus, perf. in form, always pres. in meaning. irepl vin-ns, for vic- 
 tory, in allusion to the Grecian games. nal [xaXa, even very, qualifying 
 
 nrpavovs. ava^vpidas, see Die. Antiqq. art. Bracae. ivioi 5e /ecu, 
 
 but some also, sc. ejxwTes. crvu tovtois, with these, i. e. the costly tunics 
 
 and embroidered trowsers. The Persians had adopted th& rich and ex- 
 pensive dress of the Medes. ^uttou v) els, lit. sooner than as ; i. e. sooner 
 
 than, the Eng. idiom not allowing us to translate us, unless by an awk- 
 ward transposition of the words, thus, in a icay sooner than, etc. rls av 
 
 cpeTO, one would suppose, crederes. /xereupovs, raised aloft ; qualifies 
 
 "•as a/xd^as. 
 
 § 9. rb avjxTcav, lit. as to the whole, i. e. in general. us after drj\6s 
 
 ecrrt (or ?iv) is unusual. Cf. drj\os %v aviu/xevos 1, 2, 11. and the note on 
 
 that passage. oirov /xt), lit. where not, i. e. (in an Eng. idiom) except 
 
 where he halted etc. bau jx\v ... tocovtu, quanto . . . tanto, lit. by how 
 
 much . . . by so much, i. e. (in the Eng. idiom) the more . . . the more. 
 
 &v with e\6oi, being in a dependent clause is contrary to the general rule, 
 
 Gr. § 260, (4), (a) : it suggests the condition et eA0ot. /xaxe7adai, fut. 
 
 infin., dependent on vo/xi(uu. axo^ai6repov, sc. ekOoi. awidtlv is 
 
 explained as synonymous with &77A77. And to the person directing his atten- 
 tion towards it, the king's government was also (lit.) to discover being strong^ 
 
 i. e. was manifestly strong etc. ■ nal rep 5ieairdo~6cu t. $., and in the fact 
 
 that the forces were wide apart. aadevris qualifies apxw. 8ta ra- 
 
 %eW, adverbial, quickly. iiroielTO. The mood, but not the tense 
 
 (Troielrat) of direct narration is here retained. This sentence gives a brief 
 but striking description of the character of the Persian empire. 
 
 § 10. irepav, on the other side of, i. e. on the west bank of the river ; 
 
 the army having crossed over to the eastern side at Thapsacus. dia- 
 
 fiaivovTes, sc. rbv Trorafx6i/. dicpBepas. Tanned sheep-skins, inflated 
 
 and sewed together, are still used very commonly by the Kourds and 
 
 Arabs in crossing the Tigris and Euphrates. iiri/xir\aaau from irt/x- 
 
 tt\t)[xi. avviairuu (from avairdu), tftey sewed them together. rb 
 
 vdup, subject of awTeaOat, so that the water shoidd not touch etc. us before 
 the infin. instead of wotc is frequent in Xen. ; e. g. 1, 8, 10 ; 2, 3, 10 ; 
 2, 6, 9 ; for the negative p'n instead of ob, see Gr. § 318. 3. (f). 
 
254 NOTES. 
 
 T'Tjs before airb rov (polviKos connects this phrase as an adjective to fia\d' 
 vov. As the Greeks were not familiar with the fruit of the palm tree (the 
 date), they had no one word by which to express the idea ; hence the 
 circumlocution, rj fidXavos 7] airb rod (polviKos, the fruit of the palm tree. 
 Palm wine and the date are described more particularly 2, 3, 15 and 16. 
 ■ tovto refers indefinitely, without regard to gender, .to /xe\iv7}s con- 
 sidered simply as a thing. 
 
 §11. atA<pi\e£avTo>v ri (=== Trept twos), disputing about something. 
 
 rav Te . . . koX ru>v rod KXedpxov, both the soldiers of Menon and those of 
 
 Clearchus ; gen. ahs. with aficpiXe^dj/roov. rbv rov Mevavos, sc. crpa- 
 
 ridorrjy. It seems that the quarrel had originated between two single men 
 belonging to these generals respectively, and that their other soldiers had 
 
 by degrees been drawn into it. irKiqyas eVejSccAev, sc. avrcS, inflicted 
 
 blows (on him). eAeyey, related (the affair). 
 
 § 12. rots Trepl avrSu, lit. those around him, i. e. his attendants. 
 
 |j/cez/, imperf. in form, but aorist or pluperf. in meaning. Cf. note 1, 2, 6. 
 
 If rendered as an imperf. here it would plainly contradict irpoo~^\avve. 
 
 'irjcri rfj a|iV?? : Suidas supposes an ellipsis of rbv KA.eap%oy after 'i7]0-i, and 
 this suggestion has been generally followed ; but it is somewhat doubtful. 
 An ellipsis of the gen. would seem more natural. Cf. Soph. Aj. 15i. rwu 
 ■tyvx&v ieis. It" is perhaps still better to consider the verb as intrans. Cf. 
 L. & S. sub voce, rj) a£lvrj, dat. of instrument. Lit. he throws with his 
 axe ; in the Eng. idiom, he throws his axe. — — — ovros the same as rls 
 
 above, avrov, i. e. Clearchus. For the government, see Gr. § 271, 2. 
 
 aXXos, sc. 'i7)o~i. 
 
 § 13. irapayyeAAei els ra '6ir\a, sc. Uvai. The elliptical expression 
 
 corresponds to the idea of haste here involved. ras acririSas irpbs ra 
 
 y6vara frevras, placing their shields upon their knees ; thus signifying that 
 
 they were ready for an attack. rovrasv, i. e. the horsemen, ol ttK^l- 
 
 <tto£, sc. l\o~av. robs Mevoovos. Cf. ol itcelvov, 1, 2, 15. e/c7re- 
 
 7rA7)X<?c« (from eK7rA7}TTOj), were terrified. ol Se nai, others also ; ol Se 
 
 being used here as though ol [xh had gone before. %orra<rav, see Gr. 
 
 §193. 
 
 § 14. rd^is /c.r.A., a division of the heavy-armed men foil oioing him, sc. 
 erux e Trpoaiovo-a. The rd^is, according to 6, 5, 11., consisted of 200 men. 
 — — olv indicates that the sentence, which had been broken off by the 
 parenthetical clause cti/x 6 yap, K.r.A., is here resumed. So in Latin 
 
 io-itur. Cf. 6, 6, 15. a/xcpoTepcov, of both parties, i. e. Clearchus and 
 
 Menon with their respective forces ; dependent on rb ixiaov used substan- 
 tively. edero ra oir\a. For the three meanings of &4a6ai ra oirXa, 
 
 see L. & S. sub ridri/jLi IX. Here it means, he halted ; while his soldiers 
 laid their shields down before them and stuck their spears in the ground. 
 
BOOK L CHAF. VI. 255 
 
 avTOv . . . KaraXevaQriva, when he (i. e. Clearchus) wanted little of being 
 
 stoned to death. rrpaws Aeyoi, (sc. Mevwv,) he spoke lightly etc. 
 
 aiirov refers back to the leading subject of the sentence 6 Se, i. e. 
 KAeapxos. 
 
 § lo. eV tovtco, sc. tw xpSvw. to 7raA.Tcc. The article is used 
 
 because it is assumed as a fact well known that the iraKra. belonged to his 
 ordinary armor. o~vv ro?s irapovai ru>v tzio~twv, with those who were pre- 
 sent of his most faithful attendants ; implying perhaps that part of them had 
 not yet come up, being still on the march. 
 
 § 16. ol aAAot, in apposition with v/xe7s understood. Observe that tbe 
 nom. is here connected by Kal to the voc. Examples of this kind, when 
 
 cv, or v/xe?s is understood, are frequent. KaTaKeK6ipeo~6at : fut. peri'., 
 
 with pass, meaning. As it expresses the notion of finished action, the 
 future event is conceived of as already having taken place ; hence, as cer- 
 tain. ovtoi . . . fidpfiapoi. A common noun with a demonstrative 
 
 pronoun requires also the article before it. See Gr. § 216. 3. In this 
 clause o'i/s Spare expresses emphatically the idea of the article, and hence 
 
 stands instead of it. TroXe/xiurepoi, more hostile ; perhaps (as Hertlcin 
 
 suggests), from envy because Cyrus had shown a preference for the Greeks. 
 tS>v rifxeTtpow, our affairs ; gen. abs. with ex^vro^v • compare with kcikws 
 ixdvTcov {being in a bad condition) evvo'CKus ex 0Lej/ 1, 1, 5. 
 
 § 17. ev eavTw iyevero : lit. became in himself which is very similar 
 to the English expression by which this is to be rendered, came to himself 
 ev with the dat. as distinguished from els with the accus. after a verb ex- 
 pressing or implying motion denotes the idea of remaining in. This is 
 
 inferred from the notion of rest belonging to the dat. Kara x&? av i ^ n 
 
 their respective places ; Kara, with the accus. often denoting the idea of dis- 
 tribution. eQevro ret, oir\a, laid aside their arms, encamped. Not used 
 
 in precisely the same sense as above, § 14. Cf. note on that passage. 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 
 Trial and condemnation of Orontes for conspiracy against Cyrus. 
 
 § 1. 'Evrevdev, cf. 1, 5, 5 and 10. Trpo'i6vTO)v, while they were ad- 
 vancing ; gen. abs. sc. abrwv. ouroi, i. e. oi linre'is implied in the fore- 
 going. et Tt, cf. el Se ri Kal &\Xo, 1, 5, 1. yevei, by birth. In 
 
 5, 2, 29, the same idea is expressed by to yevos, accus. synec. to. 
 
 ivoXejxia limits more definitely the meaning of Key6jxevos. Gr. § 279, 7. 
 
 ■ Kal irp6crQev Tro\e/.iT}o-as, having even before been at war, i. e. with Cy- 
 rus. KaraXAayels Se, Hertlein and Kruger following Reiske punc- 
 
256 NOTES. 
 
 tuate thus. With KaraXXayeis, cf. avvaXXayevTi 1, 2, 1, and KaraXvffai 
 1, 1, 10. 
 
 § 2. tous iTnreas, the ohject of KaraK&voi ; &i/ is expressed with this 
 verb, because it would be required if the sentence were changed into the 
 oratio recta. See Gr. § 345, 4 ; it is to be understood with the optatives 
 which follow in this sentence ; for, according to the principle laid down 
 by Kri'ig. Spr. 69, 7, 4., when two or more verbs follow each other in the 
 same grammatical construction, if av is expressed with the first, it may be 
 
 omitted with the rest, but must be supplied mentally. KwXvaeie . . . 
 
 iiriouras, icould restrain (them) in advancing from burning etc. The object 
 of icaieiv is to be gathered from the first section, where it is expressed. 
 
 For the government, see Gr. § 271, 2. iroiricreiey were ; iroieiv is 
 
 usually followed by the infin. alone. The intended result is expressed 
 here more emphatically by using wore. ioouTas . . . diayye7Xai, hav- 
 ing seen the army of Cyrus to convey the tidings to the king. dia-, in comp. 
 with ayye?Xai, signifying through, has reference to the intervening space. 
 Cf. in Latin internuntium esse. See also SiayyeXOy, 2, 3, 7. 
 
 § 3. on, to the effect that, introduces the substance of the letter ex- 
 pressed in the oratio obliqua. £>s \xv 8. irXeitfTOvs, as many as possible. 
 
 Svynrai, subjunct. instead of optat. which the general rule would require. 
 
 Gr. § 327 a , 1 and 2. e/ceAeuey, sc. tov fiaaiXea ; cppd<rai dependent on 
 
 e/ceAeuej/ and U7ro5e%ecr0at on cppdaai. avrou, him, i. e. Orontes. 
 
 § 4. avayvovs, having read ; from avayiyvu>o~KO). kirrd belongs to 
 
 tovs aplcrrovs. &ea6ai tr SrrAa : cf. note on 5, 14. 
 
 § 5. os ye. Since he especially. The relative here is causal, and 
 
 the particle ye makes it emphatic. to7s &AA(us, to the others ; i. e. 
 
 both Greeks and Persians ; all the others in distinction from Clearchus. 
 
 TvpoTLjxr]67]vai p.dXio~Ta ; cf. 1, 4, 14. tcov 'EXXtjvoiv limits os. 
 
 ttjv Kpiaiv u>s iyevero, lit. the trial how it took place, i. e. hoio the trial was 
 
 conducted; another instance of prolepsis or anticipation, cf. 1, 1, 5. 
 
 ov . . . airSppVTOV, not forbidden to be spoken of, i. e. not to be kept secret ; 
 airopp-qTov qualifies rj Kplais, but refers to it indefinitely only as a thing ; 
 
 cf. tovto, 1, 5, 10. upxeiv tov Xoyov, began the conversation, (in this 
 
 case, the trial) ; upx^ Xoyov, I begin a conversation (in which others are to 
 participate) ; &pxojJ.ai x6yov, I begin an address (which I myself am to con- 
 tinue). Cf. 3, 2, 7. 
 
 § 6. avdpes (piXoi ; cf. 6.vb*. ctt par loot at, 1, 3, 9 ; uvSpes was the com- 
 mon mode of respectful address. "We have no one word so generally used. 
 
 irpSs c. gen. ; a common form of asseveration, more solemn than vi\ 
 
 or ixd with the accus. irpos Sreoov, in the presence of the gods, in the view 
 
 of the gods. rovrovi. For the demonstrative i at the end of tovtov, 
 
 see Gr. § 95, (e). For the omission of the article, see Gr. § 246, Rem. 1. 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. VI. 257 
 
 (b). avrSs, always intensive in the nom. and in the oblique cases 
 
 when in apposition with another pronoun or with a noun. iiroi-naa 
 
 k.t.A., lit. / effected that it seemed good to him to cease etc. oe^idv, 
 
 right-hand, given in token of a solemn promise ; hence by meton. promise, 
 pledge. 
 
 § 7. fxera ravra ; Cyrus here turns directly to Orontes. aireKpi- 
 
 va.ro on ov, he replied, " no ; " on is often used as the sign of a direct 
 
 quotation, where we use only quotation marks ; ov = ovk eanv. 
 
 avr6s, see note § 6 sup. ovSev, in nothing, accus. synec. ; more em- 
 phatic than the simple negative ovk. anoaras els, an abbreviated, 
 
 but common form of expression for airoaras Kal aireKQwv els. The 
 
 Mysians like the Pisidians inhabited a mountainous country and main- 
 tained their independence against the Persians. Cf. 3, 2, 23 and 24. 
 
 o, n edvvco, sc. nanus iroLeiv, in whatever you were able (to do injury). 
 
 etyt) = u/xo\6yei, Orontes said, yes. r)]V . . . Svva/juv, your own power 
 
 (i. e. as the connection implies), how insufficient it was. r?]s 'Apre- 
 
 /xidos ; probably the Ephesian Artemis (Diana), a divinity quite distinct 
 from the Grecian Artemis, and especially worshiped among the Persians, 
 (Diodor. 5, 77.) 
 
 § 8. (pavepos, manifest ; more conveniently translated as an adv. open- 
 ly (plotting against me). Cf. note on Sr/Aos r\v, 1, 2, 11. on before 
 
 ovoev, and ovo\ sign of a direct quotation and consequently not to be 
 
 translated. Cf. note on on § 7. ovSe? aSiK-nQeis, sc. eirilBovXevcov aoi 
 
 (pavepbs yeyova. ? H yap, yes for ; ^H. is in sense equivalent here to 
 
 6fj.oAoyu>, I acknowledge (it) ; hence the force of yap. avayKt], sc. iari. 
 
 "With avayKt], we often find iari omitted. yevoip-nv, se. (piXos croi Kal 
 
 iriarSs. Who has not seen the character of Orontes reproduced, on a 
 
 smaller scale, in what we call " a spoiled chiid ? " 
 
 § 9. air6(p7]vai (from airocpaivca) yvufx-nv, express an opinion ; bans and 
 o, n in an indirect question instead of ris, ri. rdbe, as follows. Ob- 
 serve the distinction here made between rdde and ravra. With ravra, 
 compare roiavra, roaavra, and ovrus ; with rdSe, compare roidde, ro- 
 
 adBe, and w5e. See Gr. § 303. rovrov (pv\drrea6ai, to be on our 
 
 guard against this man. Whereas cpv\drreiv nvd signifies to guard any one. 
 
 For the force of the Mid. voice (<pv\drrea8ai), see Gr. § 250. rb . . . 
 
 elvai, so far as relates to this man; accus. of limitation. Gr. § 279, 7; 
 elvai has in such formulas, says Hertlein, a limiting sense like ye, at least. 
 
 § 10. ecprj : sc. KKeapxos : (as Clearchus afterwards) related. ttjs 
 
 G&vqs, by the girdle, gen. of part. Gr. § 273, 3. (b). This is said to have 
 
 been among the Persians a sign of condemnation to death. Kal oi avy., 
 
 even his relatives. os Trpoaerdxdt], h**. they to ichom it was appointed 
 
 led etc. Kriiger reads oi irpoaerdxdt], to the place where it was appointed (to 
 
258 NOTES. 
 
 them to lead him). ■ ■ o'tirep, the vert/ persons who ; — wep is intensive 
 
 the antecedent of o'iirep is the subject of ddov. iirl &&v<xtov, after a vert 
 
 of motion, denoting direction towards ; iirl fravdrca denotes the object or 
 end without the idea of motion. 
 
 § 11. oure . . . ovdels . . . no one ever beheld Orontes either etc. ; for the 
 
 negatives, see Gr. § 318, 6. eldus, knowing, in opposition to the idea 
 
 of elnafav, conjecturing. . . . aWoi &\Aas, some conjectured one thing ; 
 
 some, another. It is suggested on the strength of a passage in Herod. (7. 
 114.), that he may have been buried alive in the tent. 
 
 CHAP. VII. 
 
 March to the vicinity of Cunaxa. Review of the forces at midnight ; — 
 Cyrus excites the enthusiasm of the Greeks by magnificent promises; — 
 after passing a trench dug by the king, not expecting an immediate 
 engagement, the army marches somewhat negligently. 
 
 § 1. fjieo-as vvKras is used in the plur. says Kruger, because reference 
 
 is had to the several parts QpvXaKa'C) into which the night was divided. 
 
 els r^v eV. kca, on the following morning ; cf. 2, 3, 25 ; 4, 1, 15. The 
 
 notion of direction towards is contained in these expressions. gvv t§ 
 
 o-TparevfiaTi ; cf. 1, 8, 1 ; o~uv is not commonly expressed with this idea. 
 Here however perspicuity requires it ; for if the dat. stood without avv, it 
 might be connected either with fiaxov^evov denoting the army of Cyrus ; 
 
 or with ?)|eij/ denoting the army of the king. fxaxovfxeyov, fut. parti- 
 
 cip. denoting purpose. nepas, for the government, -see Gr. § 275. 1. 
 
 rod 5e|„ Kepus, and rod evcouifxov : the right and the left wing of the 
 
 Greeks is meant ; cf. 1, 8, 4. The whole Grecian force constituted the 
 right wing of the army of Cyrus ; this place having been assigned them 
 as the. post of honor. It was also the post of danger in a Grecian army ; 
 for in case they were outflanked, the right side, not being covered with 
 the shield, was more exposed than the left would be. o.vt6s, he him- 
 self, i. e. Cyrus. 
 
 § 2. riiAtpa, governed by a/xa used as a preposition. Gr. § 289, Rem. 
 ttws, the direct interrogative, here used in an indirect question in- 
 stead of oircos ; cf. ti instead of o,ti, 1, 4, 13. avrbs Trapyvei Sappvvcav 
 
 TOLade, he himself, encouraging, advised (them) as follows, irapijvei from 
 irapcuvea ', TOiaSe, such things as follow ; Toc6.de, so many things as follow ; 
 raSe, the following things. Cf. also note on Ta5e, 1, 6, 9. 
 
 § 3. ovk apO. . . . ficcpfiapcov, not because I am in want of barbarian men 
 
 etc. For the government of avQpuirwv, see Gr. § 273, 5. (b). a/xel- 
 
 vovas Ka\ KpeijTovs, better and braver, a pleonasm employed for emphasis. 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. VII. 259 
 
 ... irpoaeXafiov, sc. v^as. oirus . . . dvdpes, see therefore that ye be 
 
 men etc. Gr. § 330, 6. and Rem. 4. r\s instead of r,v by attraction. 
 
 Gr. § 332. G. virep tjs, for which, is thought to he the only instance 
 
 of virep and the gen. instead of the gen. alone with evdai/iovifa. durl 
 
 oiv e%w irdvrcav, in preference to all that I have. The antecedent irdvTwv 
 is here drawn into the relative clause, instead of aurl irdfrcov a ex«. Cf. 
 h e?X6 crrpaTev/xa 1, 2, 1. 
 
 § 4. The learner will distinguish between eldrjre (from oTSa) and IdrjTe 
 
 (from eldou). yap, epexegetic ; see L. & S. under yap, II. to 
 
 ir\rj9os, sc. ierrl. avdo-xvcQ* '•> f° r tne force of the aor. subjunct. with 
 
 &v, see note 1, 4, 15. ra. dWa . . . o'iovs, in respect to the other things, 
 
 I seem to myself to be even ashamed (considering) what sort of etc. It is 
 usual to explain the construction of o'iovs by supposing an ellipsis of Aoyi- 
 £6jxevos or ivOv/xov/xevos. Would it not be simpler and more natural to 
 supply mentally the antecedent of o'iovs, namely tolovtols avOpdjirots, or 
 viv\p TOLoxiToiv avdpctnrwy (for this construction see Plat. Crito 45. e.) ? 
 Thus : / seem to myself to be even ashamed on account of (or, in behalf o/") 
 
 such men as you shall know those icho are in our country (to be). r,fuv is 
 
 the ethical dot. ; i. e. the dat. of the person who experiences joy or sorrow 
 
 in view of the fact which is stated. Gr. § 284, (10). (d.) dvfip&v. 
 
 Observe how marked a distinction is made between this word and dvdpw- 
 
 irovs in the last sentence. rots oltcoi £t]\oi)t6v, an object of envy to those 
 
 at home. ra Trap' ifxol K.r.X., to choose the things with me in preference 
 
 to those at home. rS>v o'ikoi from the nom. ret o'iicoi ; ro7s o'lkoi (just above) 
 is masc. from the nom. ol oXkoi. 
 
 § 5. KaX ijJi\v. In a similar connection in English, one would say, yes, 
 
 but ; certainly, but ; see koX \x''f\v in L. & S., in the alphabetic order. 
 
 8ia rb eV TOiovTcp k.t.A., lit. on account of being at such a point of danger 
 approaching ; i. e. on account of being on the eve of danger so imminent; 
 
 KivZvvov limits toiovtm. av . . . ti, but if any thing shall have happened 
 
 fortunately. r\ refers indefinitely to the undertaking of Cyrus. H-£/-<-- 
 
 vr\o-Qai, perf. in form but pres. in meaning ; cf. Lat. memini. Here the 
 pres. is used instead of the fut. to denote the certainty of the future action. 
 
 Cf. 7, 6, 38. evioi 5e, sc. Keyovaiv. fj.eju.vwo, Gr. § 154, 8. 
 
 fiovhoio, sc. aTrodovvai. 
 
 § 6. &AA<£ is often used by Xen. at the beginning of a speech made in 
 reply to something going before. — — ecru . . . Trpbs . . . ^XP L '• a verD 
 of rest with a construction implying motion : cf. elcriv 1, 2, 7 ; reaches 
 
 southward to the region where etc. 5:a xeifiaiva, sc. ob Svvavrai ohieiv 
 
 dvOpwiroi. tovtcov, these limits ; dependent on jxeau). Cf. 3, 4, 20. 
 
 ra . . . irdvTa seems here to be the direct object of aarpairevovcnv ; but as 
 this verb regularly governs the gen., perhaps irdvra should be considered 
 
260 NOTES. 
 
 a remote object, accus. of limitation, and the verb should be understood at 
 used absolutely. Cf. ra, navra 2, 1, 1. 
 
 § 7. In the idea of r t jj.e?s, Cyrus would very naturally include those 
 whom he was addressing, as well as himself; but by rjfxas before Set he 
 must mean himself alone. The plural instead of the singular both of the 
 first and second persons is almost as common in Greek as in English ; and 
 the changes from one number to the other are remarkably abrupt in Greek. 
 
 Observe here the sudden change from ypias to 5e$oi/ca, ex u > 5w. rov- 
 
 tcou, these domains (above mentioned). For the government of rovrwu by 
 
 ijKpareTs, see Gr. § 275, 1. we're followed by the indie, denotes a 
 
 consequence or result, as something actual, and if made negative takes 
 ov ; followed by the infin., it denotes a consequence or result merely as a 
 
 thing supposed, and if - made negative, takes ^idj. SedoiKa, /x^i, liko 
 
 the Latin vereor ne. Gr. § 318, Rem. 6. — — kclL arityavov xpvo'oDy, a 
 golden crown also ; i. e. in addition to all that had been promised before. 
 A golden crown even among the republican Greeks was often given as a 
 reward for distinguished services. 
 
 § 8. ol 5e ravra aKovcravres, and those who had heard these things ; not, 
 
 and they having heard these things. ££ > 4} , yyeKhov i sc. ravra. o'L re 
 
 arparrjyoi. These words seem to be an interpolation, inasmuch as the 
 generals are mentioned in § 2, as being present with Cyrus ; and it would 
 seem unnatural that they should repair to him again, after promises -so 
 
 flattering. crcpio-iv distinguished from eauToIs, Gr. § 302, Rem. 3. 
 
 6 Se . . . rr/v yvwixriv, and he, having satisfied the mind of all. In such a 
 
 connection, the Greek could say either ri]v yuwfxrjy, or toss yvufxas. 
 
 aTreirepL-Ke, sc. awavras. 
 
 § 9. (j.-}] fxax^o-dai, not to fight, i. e. not to engage personally in the bat- 
 tle. kavroov : dependent on viritrdev. Gr. § 273, 3. (b). w5e irevs, 
 
 somehow as follows. ijpero, referred to ipoordoo, as a pres. tense cor- 
 responding in sense. O'lei, 2d pers. sing, of &io[xai ; always used by tbe 
 Attic writers instead of o'lrj ; so also fiovAei and ityei from fiovXofiai and 
 
 fyofiai. Gr. § 116, 11. ifibs Se adeX<p6s, being without the article, 
 
 is indefinite : a brother of mine ; 6 iy-bs aSe\(p6s would mean my brother: 
 Se in this clause stands without /xeu in the preceding clause ; so regularly, 
 when two kindred qualities or designations are predicated of one person. 
 
 Cf. cpvyas ~2.dj.uos, iriarbs Se Kvpw, 1, 7, 5. ravra, these things, i. e. 
 
 this power, this kingdom. 
 
 § 10. aairis by meton. for those who carried the acrms , i. e. oirXTrai, 
 heavy-armed men. By comparing the numbers here given with those in 
 1, 2, 9 and 1, 4, 3, deducting the number lost 1, 2, 25., it will appear 
 that the heavy-armed were considerably diminished and the targeteers 
 increased. Some of the heavy-armed men may in the mean time have 
 
BOOK I. CHAP VII. 261 
 
 been equipped as targeteers ; some from sickness, or other causes, may 
 have been withdrawn. ra. efrco<rt, for the use of the article with nume- 
 rals, see Gr. § 246, 9. 
 
 § 11. e/caTt»/ Kal etKocrt /xvpiddes : probably an exaggeration. Plut. 
 Artax. 13. represents Ctesias (who was present with Artaxerxe3 as his 
 physician), as saying that the number present in the battle amounted to 
 
 only forty myriads. &\\ol 5e iiffau, and there were others ; or as we 
 
 should say, and there were besides. Cf. akhoi 1, 8, 9. irpb avrov )3acri- 
 
 Aews, in front of the king himself ; the article is wanting before /3acrtAews, 
 because it has the force of a proper noun. Gr. § 244, 7. 
 
 § 12. Kal crrpar-nyoi Kal yyep-Sves. Kriiger following Weiske questions 
 whether these words belong to the text ; yet they are retained by other 
 
 editors. fivpiddwv e/cacrTOs, sc. dpyvv. rr\s /xdxvs, dependent on 
 
 vo-rep-nae. Gr. § 275, 1. r]/j.epas ; the dat. would be more usual, 
 
 cf. 1, 2, 25. Why Abrocamas, who is said (1, 4, 18.) to have been 
 
 before Cyrus, was too late for the engagement does not appear from the 
 narrative. It is not improbable that he intentionally loitered, till the con- 
 test between the two candidates for the throne was decided. 
 
 § 13. ck c. gen. out of out from among ; irapd c. gen. from the side of 
 from the presence of (in Attic prose with the name of a person) ; airS c. 
 
 gen. from (in a general sense ; usually with the name of a thing). 
 
 ra>v iroXe/xictiv (the second) dependent on the antecedent of o'i : those of the 
 
 enemy who etc. ravrd, the same things ; observe how this word differs 
 
 in form from ravra just above. 
 
 § 14. tw (XTpaTevfjLaTi, dat. of accompaniment. Gr. § 285, Rem. 2. 
 Sometimes^ though less frequently, crvv is expressed with the dat. in this 
 
 sense. Cf. 1, 7. 1. o/jukttj, artificial (in opposition to the idea that it 
 
 was produced by any natural cause). The fact of his meeting with this 
 ditch indicated to Cyrus that the forces of the king were near and pre- 
 pared for battle. Hence the force of ydp after Kara. bpyviai. The 
 
 more usual construction would be the gen. limiting rd(ppos ; cf. crraSiW 
 1, 4, 11 ; Tr\46pov 1, 4, 9 and 1, 4, 4 ; also just below § 16, iroScov limit- 
 ing TrdpoSos. Here bpyviai is grammatically in apposition with rdeppos. 
 Cf. 3, 4, 7 ; 4, 3, 16. 
 
 § 15. iirl, denoting extension over. Gr. § 296. 111. (b). One might 
 
 rather expect the accus. without a prep. here. M^XP* T0 " MrjSias 
 
 reixovs, as far as to the wall ff Media. This was built by one of the last 
 Babylonian kings (before Babylon fell into the hands of the Persians), as 
 a defence to the open country against the Medes ; who after the fall of the 
 Assyrian empire had possession of the upper Tigris. It extended entirely 
 across from the Euphrates to the Tigris. It is still at the present day in 
 some places from fifty to sixty feet wide, and from thirty to forty feet in 
 
262 NOTES. 
 
 height. It is called by the Arabs, Sidd-Niinrud, i. e. Nimrod's wall The 
 part nearest to the Euphrates was probably dilapidated in the time of Xen., 
 and not seen from the line of march ; so that the distance, twelve para- 
 sangs, was something which was merely reported to him ; the use of ^XP 1 
 is at all events geographically inaccurate. * The sentence included in 
 brackets is evidently an interpolation, as was first shown by Rennel. It 
 is the gloss of some person who had an indistinct idea of the four great 
 canals which lower down the river, flow from the Euphrates into the Tigris 
 (not, as here stated, in the opposite direction) ; and who confounded these 
 canals with the ditch mentioned by Xenophon. Such in substance is the 
 note of Kiepert. On the other hand Grote in a note on chap. 70, remarks, 
 " subsequent observations, recently made known by Colonel Rawlinson to 
 the Geographical Society, have contradicted the views of Dr. Ross," (the 
 same with those of Kiepert,) " and have shown that the wall of Media, in the 
 
 line here assigned to it, has no evidence to rest upon." "As our 
 
 knowledge now stands, there is not a single point mentioned by Xen. in 
 Babylonia which can be positively verified except Babylon itself, — and 
 Pylae, which is known pretty nearly as the spot where Babylonia proper 
 commences." For a more full discussion of the subject, see Grote, ch. 70. 
 
 « 8iaAei7rou(n . . . irapaadyy7}v, and are a parasang apart ; eKacrrr], in 
 
 apposition with the subject of diaXeiirovai. 
 
 § 16. irdpoSos crTevfj. The completion of the ditch through this re- 
 maining space of twenty feet, was doubtless postponed by the king till the 
 last moment, in order that the trade on the N. E. bank of the river might 
 not be stopped before necessity required. That it was not already com- 
 pleted before the arrival cf the army indicates that Cyrus had surprised 
 
 the king by his rapid march. ttoiu, historic pres. ; tbe Eng. idiom 
 
 requires here the pluperf. Cf. 3, 4, 12. irpoffeKavvovra, particip. after 
 
 a verbum sentiendi. Gr. § 310. 4. (a). 
 
 § 17. iraprjAOe ical iyevovro : observe the sudden change in number. 
 Cf. iyevero nal i<rK7}vri<rav 4, 2, 22 ; ytypeaOai with local adverbs or pre- 
 positions (eV, is, Kara, iirl, vTrep) is often translated to come. /xev, the 
 
 correlative of Se § 20. virox^povvrcav agrees with 'iirircov ical au9pu>ircou. 
 
 ~ho-av, cf. 1, 2, 23. 
 
 § 18. rbv ''AixfSpaKi&T-qv, the Ambraciot. Ambracia was a city in Epi- 
 
 rus ; it is now called Arta. bri . . . irp6repoy, because on the eleventh 
 
 day before (reckoning back) from that day. on before fiacriAevs intro- 
 duces the oratio recta. Cfi note on on 1, 6, 7. 5e/ccc y/xepaiv, within 
 
 ten days. See Gr. § 273, 4. (b). e-n, after that, at all. ■ ov [tax^- 
 
 rai. A conditional clause always requires the neg. yA\ ; hence Kriiger 
 reads ei yJi] k.t.A., omitting ov before fiax^rai ; but the reading in the 
 text seems to be genuine, — and ov fiax^Ta-h as a repetition of the words 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. VIII. 26 
 
 o 
 
 of the soothsayer, seems natural and forcible. We must understand ov, 
 not as qualifying the whole conditional clause, but fiax^rai alone. See 
 
 Gr. § 318, Rem. 1. iav 5' aX-qQevaris, conditional fut. perf. Cf. note 
 
 1, 4, 15. — — at S. t\ix., the ten days, i. e. those above mentioned. 
 
 § 19. aireyv&K ivai rov /J.dx~, had abandoned the idea of fighting. For 
 the government of rov fxax^crdai, see Gr. § 271. 2. 
 
 § 20. rb ttoAu, cf. note on 1, 4, 13. avrq>, Gr. § 284. (10). 
 
 avaTeTapayfji.ej/oy, without military order ; from avarapaTTco. ro?s 
 
 ffrpaTiwrais, dependent on tfyovro as dat. commodi. Gr. § 284, Rem. 4. 
 
 CHAP. VIII. 
 
 Battle of Cunaxa and death of Cyrus. 
 
 § 1. Kai ^Stj tc . . . Kal . . . And already not only . . . but . . . See 
 Gr. § 321, 1. (a). afxcpl ayopav ttX^O. : about (the time of) full mar- 
 ket ; i. e. from 10 A. M. to 12 M. 6 (TraOfiSs, here used in the strict 
 
 sense, the station, the place where they were to halt. KaraXveiu, to put an 
 
 end to (the march), to halt. Cf. 1, 10, 19. t&v ttio-twu, depends, as is 
 
 often the case with the gen., directly on the proper name, without the 
 
 expression of rls : cf. rwv a}xcpl k.t.A.., 1, 2, 3. ava Kpdros, at full 
 
 speed, fxera Trdcrris enrovdrjs, Suid. ry 'Linrq, see Gr. § 285, Rem. 2. 
 
 ifioa, from fiodoo. ore, here again not to be translated, since it is 
 
 followed by the oratio recta. crvv tw aTparevfiari, cf. 1, 7, 1. ws 
 
 els, as if for, apparently for. Cf. 1, 8, 23. 
 
 § 2. avTiica qualifies iiwrecre'io-dcu. idoKovv ol "EAAr]V€S Kal irdvres 
 
 Se, the Greeks and also all imagined ; Se we translate and ; Kai, also. Cf. 
 
 5e Kai, 1, 2, 2 and 7, and 8, and 9. Z-Kiirto-tio-Qai, sc. fiao-iXea, that the 
 
 king would fall upon them etc. The battle, about to be described, was 
 
 fought in the autumn of 401, B.C., not far from the village of Cunaxa 
 (as we learn from Plut. Artax. 8.) ; and hence it is called in history the 
 battle of Cunaxa. According to 2, 2, 6., this place was three hundred 
 and sixty stadia (about fifty miles) from Babylon. Plutarch, however, 
 in the passage above referred to, says it was five hundred stadia from 
 Babylon. 
 
 § 3. Kvp6s re . . . ro7s re. These clauses are connected and made 
 
 correlative by re. eWSu (from ivSvoS) put on. to. iraXrd, cf. note 
 
 1, 5, 15. e|o7r\i£e(T0cu, to equip themselves fully. It appears from 1, 
 
 7 V 20. that a portion of the heavy armor which was necessary for a full 
 
 equipment had been laid on the wagons and beasts of burden. e«a- 
 
 (Ttqv, subject of KadicraaQai. 
 
264 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 Cunaasctr 
 PLAN" OF THE BATTLE OF CUNAXA. 
 
 § 4. to de£ia rov tceparos ^X (av i occupying the right (parts) of the wing. 
 The whole Grecian force constituted the right wing of the arm y (see note 
 on 1, 7, 1.) ; and of this wing Clearchus occupied the extreme right. See 
 
 plan of the battle. e'x^itez/os-, being next. See L. & S., B. 2. Me- 
 
 va>v 8e koX rh crrpdrevfia, and Menon and his army. 
 
 § 5. ets, to the number of. Gr. § 290, 2. (1.) (b.) irapd, near. Gr. 
 
 § 297, 111. (c.) iarricrav. For the difference between the 1st and 2d 
 
 aor. of this verb, see Gr. § 173, Eem. 2. 
 
 § 6. Kdpos 8e Kal ol fmreis, sc. iart\aav, which is expressed above § 5. 
 It is conjectured also that Kara, to p-iaov has been dropped from the text ; 
 since we should expect that his position in the army would be mentioned 
 here. Cf. § 22 below. avro'i, they themselves, i. e. the men in dis- 
 tinction from their horses, which also had defensive armor (§ 7). 
 
 yiX-flv, unarmed ; not absolutely bare, but without helmet. He had on a 
 ridpa, according to Plutarch ; who in describing the death of Cyrus 
 
 (Artax. 11.) says airoiriirrei 8e rrjs K€<pa\7js 7] rtdpa rod Kvpov. 
 
 \eyerat, see Introduction § 6. 
 
 § 7. In the treatise on horsemanship (De re eq. 12, 8), Xen. says, it is 
 necessary to equip the horse also with frontlet (Trpop^ruTrldioy), and breastplate 
 QrrpocrTepvldiov), and cuisses (Trapa/j.7)pidia) ; for these at the same time serve 
 as cuisses for the rider also. These last words explain the reason why 
 the Trapa/u-ripiSia, which are mentioned in § 6, are not again mentioned in 
 
 this section. fxaxaipas . . . 'EW-nviKas, Grecian swords. The /j.dx<upa 
 
 was slightly curved and used for striking ; the i-'upos was straight and 
 pointed, and was used like a dagger. 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. VIII. 265 
 
 § 8. Te . . . Kal. See note 1, 8, 1. XP^V • • • vffrepot/y sc. i<pdv7] t 
 
 and in no considerable time afterxcards, it appeared etc. rls after p.eXavla 
 
 and also after %aA«:cfo, denotes the indistinctness with which they were 
 
 seen, owing to the distance. iirl iroXv, reaching afar off. iyyv- 
 
 repov, like other adverbs of place, is often nsed with etvai or yiyvecxOai as 
 an indeclinable adjective. Cf. irX-natou 1, 8, 1 ; and iyyvrepov 4, 7, 23. 
 
 § 9. \evKo6upaKes. Perhaps these white corselets were of linen. In 
 the Cyr. 6, 4, 2., it is said of Abradatas the Assyrian, e/xeXXe tov Xivovv 
 
 frcopaica, os iirix^pios i\v, ivSvecrdai. ix^P-evoi, °£ above (§ 4) e^^ite- 
 
 vos. yeppocp6poi. The yeppou was a rectangular shield, of wicker 
 
 frame and covered with leather. Alyinrrioi. As Egypt was not at 
 
 that time nnder the dominion of Persia (2, 1, 14.), it is probable that the 
 Egyptians here mentioned were the descendants of those who had received 
 
 a residence in Asia from the elder Cyrus. See Cyr. 7, 1, 45. Kara 
 
 Zdur), in separate nations ; this was the Persian custom. Herod. 7, 60 and 
 
 100. eTopevero agrees with eQpos, which is> in apposition with iravres 
 
 ovtoi. It cannot well be rendered literally into English. Cf. Ouroi uXXos 
 &XXa Xeyei, 2, 1, 15. 
 
 § 10. ap/xara, sc. inopevero, winch had just before been expressed. 
 
 SiaAe'nrovTa avxv6u 1 a considerable space apart. e/c tcov . . . airoTera- 
 
 p.iva (from airoreivco), projecting out from etc. els irXayiov, in an oblique 
 
 direction. Kal . . . fiXeiropTa, and (others') pointing (lit. looking) towards 
 
 the ground. y\ 8e yvebfx-n "t\v, and the plan was. cos els . . . eXcovra, 
 
 apparently to drive into etc. eXcovra, fut. act. particip. from eXavvco. The 
 fut. ixderco instead of e'Aw is extremely rare except in later writers. (Gr. 
 § 158, 3.) 'eXcovra and Sia/ctfyoj/ra are in the accus. absol., with \a dpe- 
 Trav7)<p6pa ap/xara understood. For the two principal forms of the accus. 
 abs. see Gr. § 312, 5 and 6. 
 
 § 11. elirev, 1, 7, 4. ro?s "EXX-qai belongs in idea both with /caAe- 
 
 o~as and irapeKeXevero-. AYhen two connected verbs take a common object, 
 but require a different case, the object is expressed but once, and com- 
 monly in the case which the nearest verb requires. Kriig. Sprachlehre 
 
 § 60, 5. criyfj cos avvcrrov, as silently as possible (not as L. & S. sub 
 
 o.wo't6u render, as stilly etc.) ; criyfi, in silence, opposed to the idea of shout- 
 ing and screaming (Kpavyrj) ; Tjcrvxy, quietly, opposed to the idea of noise 
 of any kind. 
 
 § 12. t<£ KXedpxw i(36a iiyeiv, cried aloud to Clearchus to lead. i{Z6a, 
 as frequently Xeyeiv and elireTv, contains the idea of KeXeveiv and hence 
 
 takes the infin., cf. eXeye, 1, 3, 8. Kara, against, Gr. § 292. II. (1.) (a.) 
 
 Tjfjuv, for the government, see Gr. § 284. (11.) Treir oi-nrai. The 
 
 perf. expresses the certainty of the future action, by representing it as 
 already completed. 
 
 12 
 
266 NOTES. 
 
 § 13. to fiecoy. For the difference between fxi<ros before and jxe<xo% 
 after the article, see Gr. § 245, Rem. 5 ; o-T?<pos, a body of men in close 
 array ; dpccv k.t.A., beholding the central body in close array ; i. e. rovs 
 
 e^aKiax^iovs lirirels, 1, 7, 11 and 1, 8, 24. axovav Kvpov, hearing from 
 
 Cyrus ; for the different constructions of aicovco, see Gr. § 273, Rem. 19. 
 
 e£oo ovra . . . jSacnAea, that the king was beyond the left wing ; for the 
 
 accus. and particip. (instead of the accus. and infin.) after verba sentiendi, 
 
 see Gr. § t 310, 4. tup iavrov, lit. of those of himself i. e. of his own 
 
 forces. Cf. robs eavrov, 1, 2, 15. aAA 5 and the repetition of 6 K\eap~ 
 
 Xos is occasioned by the insertion of the explanatory sentence rocrovroj/ yap 
 k.t.A. Specs, nevertheless ; i. e. although Cyrus commanded it, never- 
 theless Clearchus refused etc. avry jueAot, it would concern him, i. e. he 
 
 would take care. ottcds naAus e%oz, that it should be well ; e^cn is impers. 
 
 § 14. oiiaXwsy in an even line, cf. iv Xffcp § 11 above. %ri iv rtp 
 
 avT<£ [livov, still remaining in the same (place). e/c twv %ti irpoaiovTcov, 
 
 of those still coming up, i. e. from the march. ov irdvv irpbs, not very 
 
 close to, — the adv. here qualifying the preposition ; cf. us qualifying els 
 
 § 1 above. Karedearo . . . ajropX^tav, he took a view in each direction 
 
 looking away etc. 
 
 § 15. "EevocpSov 'Adnvalos, Xenophon an Athenian is here mentioned for 
 the first time in the Anabasis ; and, as always hereafter, in the 3d person. 
 Cf. Introduction § 6. virehdaras (from vireAavvta), having rode up. • 
 
 e 
 
 siuarTjcras sc. top 'liriroi/, having halted. It appears from irapeAavvwv just 
 
 above, that he was previously riding along. ra Upd, the omens from 
 
 the entrails of the victims ; ra. arcpdyia the omens from the motions of the 
 victims. The repetition of naAa is emphatic. With Upd and fftydyia un- 
 derstand eXrj. ' 
 
 § 16. on is here again followed by the oratio recta. to cvvQ-qp-a^ 
 
 the war-cry, as Kriiger interprets it ; or, as it is commonly understood, the 
 watch-word. From what follows in this connection as well as from Cyr. 3, 
 3, 58., it appears that the watchword (avvQt]p.a) was first communicated 
 along the ranks to the extreme lines and then back again ; and that the 
 paean (the battle-song) was then sung. The avvQtiixa answered a double 
 purpose : — first, it expressed some sentiment calculated to inspire courage 
 before the battle ; and secondly, it was used as a watchword in the engage- 
 ment if the different ranks of the same army at any time came in collision 
 
 with one another. koL os, and he, refers only to a person ; and is used 
 
 only in the nom. case ; the corresponding accus. would be nal t6v instead 
 
 of ical ov. 6 5e, and he, i. e. Clearchus ; or if instead of 6 5e KAeapxos 
 
 elirev just above (the reading which Hertlein adopts from Dindorf), we 
 should read 6 Se zevocpiov ilirev (with Kriiger and others), then of course 
 o 54 before hrtKpivaro would mean Xenophon. ■ ■ Zeis croyrfyp Ka\ vIktj. 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. VIII. 267 
 
 Some expression denoting good fortune would naturally be chosen for a 
 watchword. Thus in 6, 5, 25. we have Zeus aur-r]p, 'H/nxkAtJs T/yefAwv ; in 
 Cyr. 3, 3, 58. Zeus av/x/xaxos ical rjyeixdv ', and in Cyr. 7, 1, 10. Zeus cca- 
 Tijp ical rjyc/xciv. 
 
 § 17. 'AAAa denotes the sudden turn in his thoughts, from the doubt 
 which filled his mind when he asked " zvhat the noise teas" in the Grecian 
 ranks, to the animation with which he said, u I both accept it, and let it be" 
 (thus). With aAAa in this place, cf. aAAa 1, 7, 6. Sex /* - 1 * s *^ e proper 
 expression of one who recognizes a favorable sign and appropriates it to 
 himself. Cf. Herod. 9. 91 ; cf. also accipio in Latin. Virg. Aen. 12. 260. 
 
 rovrOy this (i. *. crcorripia ical vinr}). rib <pd\ayye : one might 
 
 expect ra, <pd\. as the noun is fern. ; but the fern, form to occurs only a 
 few times and that in the poets ; raiu in the gen. and dat. is more common 
 than rd and found even in prose ; but rolv for the fern, as well as masc. 
 
 and neut. is much more common than ralv. irpo-l]pxovro, began first 
 
 (i. e. irpb rwv fiapfidpow, before the barbarians belonging to the army of 
 Cyrus) to go. etc. 
 
 § 18. Tropevofxej/cav, gen. abs. sc. avruj/. rb £iri\enr6iJ.eyov, the part 
 
 which was left behind, in allusion to i^eKv/xaive {projected forward as a surge 
 
 rises from a great body of water). dp6jj.ee 3-eIV, to hasten at a running 
 
 pace. oT6uirep, in such a manner as, or more simply, as. 'EvvaAios, 
 
 commonly considered another name of "Ap-ns. e'AeAi^a? and the synon. 
 
 word aXaXdfa are from e'AeAeu and dAaAa, the actual words which were 
 
 shouted in marching against the enemy, after singing the iraidv. 
 
 \4yovcri, cf. § 6 above, and Introduction § 6. rote Xtt-kois, the horses 
 
 here spoken of were attached probably to the scythe-bearing chariots 
 (§ 10 above), which went in front of the enemy and were intended to break 
 the ranks of the Greeks. 
 
 § 19. i^LKue?ffdai t sc. avrS>v ; for the infin. after irplv, see Gr. § 337. 9. 
 
 Kara Kpdros, lit. according to their power, i. e. with all their might. Cf. 
 
 ava Kpdros 1, 8, 1. 
 
 § 20. £<p£povTo with the neut. plur. Cf. r\<rav 1, 2, 23. ra fx\v . . . 
 
 to de, some . . . others, distributive clauses in apposition with ra app-ara. 
 
 riviox^v dependent on Kevd. Gr. § 271, 3. irpoliSotev, sc. t£ 
 
 ap/xara. eari 8 ' oar is, noio and then one however (of the Greeks). For 
 
 the analysis of the expression, see Gr. § 331, Rem. 4. iiarkayeis 
 
 (from e/c7rA73TTw), having been terrified, and thus losing self-possession. ■ 
 
 ou5e roZrov icaQeiv, not even this one suffered etc. Instead of rovrov, one 
 
 would rather expect rovrovs. See however rovrcp 3, 3, 18. ou5' ctA- 
 
 Aos Se . . . ouSeis, and not even any other etc. ouSe — 5e, in a negative cor- 
 respond to koI — 5e in an affirmative clause. 
 
 §21. rb icad' avTOvs, that which was opposed to themselves. ovd 
 
268 NOTES. 
 
 &s, not even thus ; &s in the sense of ovrcos is not uncommon after ical, oi>54, 
 and ^Se ; observe that it is oxytone in this sense, but in every other an 
 
 atonic. H^X^V (from e£ayw), was he induced. avuecrir€Lpa/j.evr]v i 
 
 (from avcnretpdui), drawn closely together ; agrees with r)]v . . . rd^iv. AH 
 which intervenes between r-i)v and rd^iv is of the nature of an adjective 
 
 qualifying the noun rd\iv. iTrejxeAelro . . . fiao~i\evs, he narrowly 
 
 watched tchat the ling would do. By the general rule (Gr. § 327% 1.) we 
 should expect the optat. This verb is another added to the many exam- 
 ples already pointed out, of a sudden transition from a dependent to the 
 form of an independent construction. ■ fjdei (from aildd) avrov on, lit. 
 he knew him that ; another instance of anticipation. Cf. 1, 1, 5 and 1, 6, 5. 
 
 H-iaov : one would naturally expect to /xiaov ; yet [liaov, like 5e£ioV 
 
 and evcovvfiov, denoting a part of the line of battle, often stands without 
 the article. Cf. 1, 8, 13 and 1, 8, 23. 
 
 § 22. to shows that avrcov is grammatically connected with [xiffov ', 
 their own centre : fjyovvrai. Several editions have rjyovvro ; Hertlein, fol- 
 lowing Dindorf, has the pres. tense. Kal . . . /cat, not only . . . but also. 
 
 iv curcpaAso-rdrq), in the safest (position). fjv . . . eKaripcoQev, if 
 
 their force may be on both sides of them ; avrcov being dependent on the adv 
 of place. Kriiger reads rjv 7] lo~x v s abr£>v eKarepwBev y, if their own 
 
 strength may be on both sides. aladdvecBai rb arpdrevy.a dependent on 
 
 vop.i(ovres. 
 
 § 23. e|w iyevero, lit. became icithovt, i. e. extended beyond. e/c rod 
 
 avriov, from the opposite side. avnS and avrov mean the king ; avrov 
 
 is dependent on e/xirpoo'dev, and ro?s rerayfxevois on e/xa^ero. 
 
 § 24. Seiffas fx-fi, having feared that ; Seicras from deBoina which though 
 
 perf. in form, is present in meaning. yevSjxevos, sc. fiao~i\evs. — — 
 
 KaraKo^rj, the general rule would require tbe optat. here. See note on 
 
 iroi7\a , €i § 21 above. robs e^aKicrx^ovs, being thrown to the end of 
 
 the sentence, presents tbe contrast to e^aKoaiois more strikingly. 
 
 § 25. els rb SidoKeiv bpixiiaavres, having rushed on in the pursuit. 
 
 (TXeSoV, chiefly ; ol 6/j.orpdire(oi, table companions, called also (1, 9, 31.) 
 ffvyrpdire£oi. 
 
 § 26. KaOopq, he descries. ovk rjvecrx^TO, he did not contain himself. 
 
 iralei, strikes (him), with the spear, according to Ctesias (see Plut. Artax. 
 11.) ; altbough the verb iralei does not necessarily imply any thing more 
 than the use of a missile. See Cyr. 7, 1, 34. Concerning Ctesias, see 
 Introduc. § 7. Kal . . . (prjo-i ; an independent added to a relative sen- 
 tence ; cf. /cal . . . 5e . . . cure'Sei^e, added to %s . . . iiroirjo-e, 1, 1, 2. 
 
 § 27. p,ayJ>ixsvoi. One would expect here the gen. abs. The nomin. 
 can however stand, says Hertlein, because the following subject o7rdVot 
 constitutes a part of those of whom fiaxo/xevoi is predieated. Cf. frefxevoi 2, 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. IX. 269 
 
 2, 8. and KaTaXnrSvres 5, 2, 21. dirScoL . . . Krrjcrias \eyei, how many 
 
 etc. Ctesias relates. itcc'ivcc, i. e. tw /3acnAe?. ■ tKeivro, like the 
 
 Lat. jacere, fay (dead). 
 
 § 28. o . . . frepdirwi/, the attendant most devoted to him o/*(all) /«'« officers. 
 
 7repi7reo-fctV, dependent on Aeyerai. The preposition (Trept-) suggests 
 
 that he threw his arms around the hody of Cyrus. 
 
 § 29. Kvpay dependent on eVt- in composition. ol 5e, sc. cpacri. • 
 
 £iricr(pd£a.(T6ai instead of £irio-<pd£cu "which occurred in the last clause. See 
 Gr. § 250. We have here kavr6v as the object of iirio-<pd£aa6ai. It is 
 added both for perspicuity and for emphasis : — he (himself) slew himself: — 
 the expression being almost equivalent, says Kriiger, to avrbs iavrbv k.t.A. 
 
 CHAP. IX. 
 Character of Cyrus. 
 
 § 1. rcou . . . yevo/x4i/cov, who have lived since the elder Cyrus, — the 
 founder of the Persian empire ; the subject of Xenophon's Cyropaedia. 
 What he says here of Cyrus the Younger is the highest possible eulogy. 
 — Trapd, c. gen. in connection with the pass, occurs chiefly with verbs 
 
 of saying or communicating. Gr. § 251, Rem. 4. Kvpov Iv irzipa 
 
 yei/eadai, to have been in intimate acquaintance with Cyrus. Kvpov depends 
 on irelpa. Cf. the synonymous expression ifiireipus avrov ix ilv -> i0 oe inti- 
 mately acquainted with him, 2, 6, 1. 
 
 § 2. irpuroy /*eV, a correlative with iirel Se § 6. Trdvruv ivdvra, 
 
 of all in all respects. For a similar paranomasia, see 2, 5, 7. itdvTn . . . 
 irdi/ra . . . iravraxil irdvTOov ; 2, 6, 7. irauraxov irdvres ; 4, 1, 28. iro\- 
 Aa%oD iroWov. 
 
 § 3. at fSacriXiuis frvpai was the common expression for the court of the 
 
 (Persian) king. For the accentuation and meaning of Zcti, see Gr. 
 
 § 35, 1. 
 
 § 4. anovovcrt connected by icai to fre&vTai, behold and hear of; Kal 
 robs ri/x. . . . Kal gAAous, both those who are honored etc., and others etc. 
 ■ evdbs ira?5es uj/tcs, immediately being (yet) boys, i. e. from their boy- 
 hood onward. #p%et;/. This they learn through the example of the 
 
 king. 
 
 § 5. aldrifxovecrTaTOS fj.ey irpunov, instead of irpwrov jxkv aidvfx. ; the 
 
 present arrangement gives more prominence to the adjective. 7rei0e- 
 
 <r6ai with its clause is in the same construction with elvai, to which it is 
 connected by re : Kal . . . /xaAKov, even more than those who were inferior to 
 himself (in rank) ; iavrov governed by the comparative immediately fol- 
 lowing. With <piXiinr6TaTos supply from the preceding clause idoicei 
 
270 NOTES. 
 
 elvai ; and with xpvc8ai, edonei. — — Zicpivov is most naturally explained 
 by Kriiger as impers. ; like Xeyovffi and <£acri, Gr. § 238, 5. (c.) : men 
 
 judged him to be etc. (In German, man urtheilte.) toV . . . epyav 
 
 depends on (piXoixa94rrrarov elpai in the same way as the gen. on verbs 
 denoting a state or affection of the mind. Gr. § 274, 1 ; in respect to the 
 
 actions etc., to be most fond of learning etc. to^lktjS and b.Kovricre(cs are 
 
 in apposition with epyow. 
 
 § 6. iTTHpepo/Aej/riv, attaching (him). (rvfiirecrdbv (from ffvixTriirrbJ), 
 
 having grappled with (it). ra }x\v eiraBev, he suffered some things. The 
 
 strict antithesis to this would be ra 5' iiroiTjo'ep, bui he achieved other things ; 
 and such a clause would be followed by a specification of what he did. 
 The actual construction is briefer ; instead of to 5e k.t.A., we have reXos 
 
 5e, but finally ; and then the statement of what he did. KareKave from 
 
 KaTaKaiva == KaraKreiva. 7roAAo?s fiaKapiffrSy, most happy in the view 
 
 of many. For the construction of this dat., see Gr. § 284, (10). 
 
 § 7. iirel Se KaTeiri[jL<pQri ; in the year 407, B. C. Qpvyla rj fxeydx-q, 
 
 so called to distinguish it from &pvyia 'q irap 'EAA^cnroyTov. The chief 
 
 city of the former was Celaenae. See map. koX Trdj/rcov, of all also ; 
 
 not only of the forces of his own satrapy, but of all also who etc. oTs 
 
 KadrjKst, on whom it is incumbent, i. e. who are required. els Kacr. ire- 
 
 dlov. The plain of Castolns seems to have been the rendezvous of the 
 military forces from the greater part of western Asia Minor. Such places 
 
 were appointed throughout the Persian empire. Cf. Oecon. 4. 6. jxev, 
 
 after irpwrov, is a correlative of 8e after <pavepos, § 11 bekw. irepl 
 
 irXeicrrov, of the greatest importance. Gr. § 295, 3, 1. (d). el . . . crvv- 
 
 Go?to, if he made peace with any one, and if he made a treaty with any one. 
 o~irevdojj.ai, says Kriiger, implies previous hostility, avvTiQejxai suggests no 
 such collateral notion. Observe the difference in form between the dat. 
 
 of rls which we have in this clause, and the dat. of the article. fxrjdeu 
 
 ^eydsaOai depends on ttoiolto. 
 
 § 8. Kal yap ovv, and (there was proof of this) for on this account, etc. 
 These words are used to connect sentences (/cat)? which express a fixed 
 
 fact (ovv), as a proof (ydp) of that which goes before. ol dvdpes, sc. 
 
 eiriTpeTrSjAevoi : not only the cities, but the (individual) men etc. irapd, 
 
 contrary to. Gr. § 297, 111, (1.) (b.) av iraQelv (fut. in meaning), 
 
 that he would suffer. See Gr. § 260, Rem. 10. 
 
 § 9. roiyapovv has the same force as /cal yap ovv with the exception 
 
 that roi is intensive and koX connective. irao-ai at 7roAets, all the cities, 
 
 i. e. in Ionia ; cf. 1, 1, 6. ai/ri, instead of, Gr. § 287, 1. (2.) (b.) - 
 
 robs (pevyovras irpoeaOai, to abandon the exiles. Cf. 1, 1, 7 and 1, 2, 2. 
 irpoiaQai from irpoi'rjfii. The exiles whom Cyrus had received were 
 the political enemies of the dominant party in Miletus, and hence the 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. IX. 271 
 
 ground of their fear. Probably the exiles belonged to the aristocratic 
 party. 
 
 § 10. Kai before yap is a correlative of /ecu before eXeyev, — not only, but 
 
 a l so , 'oti . . . irpooTro, that he would never abandon (any), sc. rivds, or 
 
 better perhaps rivd, (cf. r\s . . . avrovs, 1, 4, 8.) aira£, once for all. 
 
 en p.eiovs, still fewer. en . . . irpd^eiav, and should be still less 
 
 fortunate ; Kaicoos irpdrreiv, to be unfortunate ; el or icaKus irpdrreiv, to be 
 fortunate ; nanus iroielv, to do harm (to some one) ; ev or Ka\u>s iroielv, to 
 do good (to some one) ; so also aya06v, or icatcSv "with iroielv riva, to do good, 
 or, ill to any one; cf. §11. 
 
 § 11. (pavepbs 5' i\v . . . vittav ireipwfievos, lit. he was plain attempting to 
 swpass (him) ; i. e. it teas plain that he etc. Cf. note on Srj\os ?iv, 1, 2. 11. 
 
 For the two accusatives with iroi^ffeiev, see Gr. § 280, 2. ei>xV 
 
 avrov, a prayer of his, indefinite; r)]V euxV avrov would be rendered his 
 
 prayer ; us evxoiro, that lie prayed etc. tare vikcov . . . a\e^6,uevos, 
 
 until, in requiting, he should surpass etc. This was a common sentiment 
 among the Greeks, cf. Isocra. 1. 26. How different and how much better 
 is the Christian principle ! 
 
 § 12. irXelaroi 8tj. The superlative is often strengthened by 877. Cf. 1, 
 
 9, 18 and 20. See Gr. § 315, 2. avra> kvi ye avSpi, lit. to him one man 
 
 at least. The English idiom requires some change of construction in ren- 
 dering ; e. g. Afar greater number desired . . . to him than to any other one 
 
 man. ru>v e<// rjfxuv, of those contemporary with us, limits kvi ye avdpi ; 
 
 for iiri c. gen., see Gr. § 296, (2). irpoeadai, (to give up, to surrender,} 
 
 is here used in a connection somewhat different from that in § 9 above. 
 
 § 13. ov /xev $7) ovSe, lit. not indeed not even, or more simply and in an 
 Eng. idiom, nor indeed, p.ev in this clause is considered synonymous with 
 [jlt]v ; so also in the phrases aAAa fxev 877, «a\ fxev 8/7, ov pev St/, cf. 2, 2, 3 ; 
 
 3, 2, 14. eta from idu. KarayeKav ; some supply avrov, i. e. 
 
 Kvpov ; others, ruv vo/xuv ; but it seems more natural and forcible to con- 
 sider it as absolute. See L. & S. o-repopLevovs, deprived of with a perf. 
 
 signification, see Gr. § 161, 21. iyevero, it happened, nearly = i£r}v, 
 
 it was permitted. exovri . . . irpox^poin, having whatever might be con- 
 venient, sc. to him to have ; ex 6iJ/ with irpoxopoir) is suggested by exovri. 
 Schneider's interpretation, which is followed by Kriiger, seems too forced 
 and is consequently not given here. 
 
 § 14. rovs ye jxevroi ayaQovs, but those at least who were good ; jxevroi 
 is here as usual intensive and slightly adversative ; that which follows 
 being opposed to the idea of severity contained in the preceding section. 
 
 els ir6\eixov, for war, Gr. § 290, 2. (3.) (a.) irpurov jxev belongs in 
 
 meaning to &pxovras eiroiei, as though the intervening clause were in a 
 dependent construction, iro\4fxov avrtp ovros. Clauses logically subor- 
 
272 NOTES. 
 
 dinate are not unfrequently made coordinate. Cf. 3, 1, 26 ; 3, 2, 4. — — 
 
 koI avros, himself also, not merely his army. k6pa (from dpdco), see 
 
 Gr. § 167, 4. tcai before 'dpxovras a correlative of ical before uXXy. 
 
 7)S icar. x&P as i ** or r VS x^P as *l v Kar ' '• c ^ ^ s &PX 01 X^P as i lj 9, 19 ; 
 
 and the note on ocrov ?,y avr<p trrpdrevfia 1, 2, 1. 
 
 § 15. U-CT6 <pai]/€cr6ai . . . olioEr, so f7mi 7ie appeared to think it proper, 
 etc. Kvpov cuc0-, more expressive than avrov al<r6'ij(re<r8ai. 
 
 § 16. ets, ire respect to ,• cf. 2, 6, 30. -ye, thus ■ united with p.r)y } 
 
 presents with more point and emphasis than Se a transition to another and 
 
 important thought. Cf. § 20 below. iirideiKwadai, (mid.) to exhibit 
 
 himself, to be conspicuous. 7repl iravrSs, all-important ; cf. irepl irXel- 
 
 cttov, § 7 above. tovtovs referring to rh ; cf. 1, 4, 8. avrovs. 
 
 e/c rod aBiKov, by unjust means, unjustly ; cf. e/c tov SiKaiov, § 19. 
 
 § 17. ctAAo T6 iroXXa . . . tcai, not only many other things . . . but espe- 
 cially ; when T€ . . . Kai are correlative, the second member is joined em- 
 phatically to the first. Cf. Lat. quum — turn. Gr. § 321, 1. (c.) 
 
 SiKaicos avrw Sie% — were accomplished for him justly ; avr<S, for him,, not 
 as dat. of agent by him ; Siicaicas is predicated of the just actions, not of 
 Cyrus, but of those who served him. aXrfiivqy, true, genuine, in opposi- 
 tion to the idea of spurious or counterfeit ; aXnQi,s, true, in opposition to 
 
 the idea false or untrue. eirXevarav. Xen. evidently has in mind the 
 
 Grecian soldiers particularly. elvai ; for the difference between the 
 
 infin. and particip. after yiyvuicrKw, see Gr. § 311, 4. Kara, p.y\va, 
 
 monthly, payment being made by the month ; cf. 1, 3, 21. 
 
 § 18. aXXa p.-'r t v, but further, used to denote a transition to some new 
 
 topic. axapicrov, without thanks, i. e. unrequited, qualifies Trpodv/xiav. 
 
 Kpa.Tio~Toi 5^, see note on TrXelaroi 5Yj, § 12 above. There were said 
 
 to arise to Cyrus the very best supporters (servants) in every enterprise. 
 
 § 19. e: 5e riva . . . SiKatov, and if he saw that any one was skilful as a 
 manager on the principles of justice ; deivSv, able, skilful ; e/c rod dinalov, 
 
 cf. e/c rod adiicov, § 16 above. Kai . . . re . . . Kai, and not only . . . 
 
 but also. ?}$■ apx° l X^P as — r V v X^P av i ^l s &PX 01 ' ^ v a^e'AeTO 
 
 denotes repetition or habit. Gr. § 260, (2), (#.) : he tcould never take 
 (any thing) away from any one. Hertlein supplies in this clause avr-fjv, 
 i. e. t))v x®P av '■> Du ^ tn ^ s ^ s no * so natural in connection with the next 
 
 clause. irXeioo, ace. plur. neuter. iiriiraro (Tr6.op.aC), a poetic 
 
 word, but used several times by Xen. 
 
 § 20. (piXovs is not perhaps the object of ^spavevsiu, as it stands with- 
 out the article, but is rather to be considered a part of the relative clause 
 with ocrovs, and instead of having its regular position after irorfjcraiTo, 
 
 stands first for the sake of emphasis. ye pA\v, cf. note § 16. o, n 
 
 . . . Karepyd^ecrdai, in that which he might perchance desire to accomplish. 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. IX. 273 
 
 For Tvyxavw "with the particip., see Gr. § 310, 4. (1.) irp6s with the 
 
 gen., after pass, verbs, is unusual in Attic prose. 
 
 § 21. Kal yap .. . . ex '* ^ ue simplest construction of this clause is as 
 follows : — For (it was) this very thing, on account of which HE thought he 
 needed friends, that he might have helpers ; others construe thus, avrb tovto 
 us tx 0£ cvvepyovs (tovtov) ooirep kveica avrbs (Zero SelffBai cpihwy. (It was) 
 
 for this (purpose) that etc. Kal avrbs iireipa.ro k.t.X. ; thus he set an 
 
 example of what he thought a friend should he. tovtov depends on 
 
 <rwepy6s, orov on iirtOv/xovvra. For the accus. and particip. instead of 
 the accus. and infin., see Gr. § 310, 4. (a.) 
 
 § 22. els 76 uv avr)p limits the superlative ir\e?o'ra, lit. he being one man 
 
 at least received etc., i. e. in an Eng. idiom, he received more gifts than any 
 
 other one man ; cf. evi ye avSpl ruv ecp' tj/jlooj/, limiting irKetcrroi § 12 above. 
 
 ■ndvruv Si] limits the subject of SieSiSov, he of all men etc. ; for the 
 
 force of Sri, see note on irKeTaroi Si) § 12 above. SieSiSov, used to give 
 
 apart (Sia-), i. e. used to distribute. Kal (sc. o-kottuv) otov, and taking 
 
 into consideration that which etc. To correspond with irpbs robs rpoirovs 
 kxao-Tov, one might expect irpbs ri]v evSeiav eKaarov, having regard for the 
 habits and the wants of each one. 
 
 §23. cos els, intended for, cf. 1, 8, 23. KaX\ooino-fi6v, personal 
 
 adorning in distinction from the implements of warfare. Xeyeiv avrbv 
 
 ecpao-av, they (the persons from whom Xen. obtained his information ; cf. 
 2, 1, 14 ; 2, 6, 10.) affirmed that he used to say. — : — cpihovs KaXus KeKo- 
 (rpLrnievovs, sc. eivai, that friends icell adorned were etc. ; cf. uo/j.i(co v/xas 
 ifxol elvai k.t.X., 1, 3, 6. 
 
 § 24. t6 belongs to the whole member of the sentence ending with 
 
 iroiovvra, the whole being the subject of £<rri understood. to /xeyaXa, 
 
 adverbial, greatly. radra is plural because two ideas precede : — the 
 
 fact that he surpassed his friends in care (for them), and (the fact that he 
 surpassed them) in the desire to confer favors, these things etc. 
 
 § 25. Observe the difference in this section between eirefjeire and 
 
 eire^e. Xeyuv, saying, not in person, but by means of his servant 
 
 who conveyed the present of wine. Cf. eXeye, 1, 3, 8. tovtov r,Sioui, 
 
 more delicious than this (wine). eire/x^e, observe here the transition 
 
 from the oratio obliqua to the oratio recta. eKirieiv from eKiriyu. 
 
 ffvu ols = avv tovtois, ovs. See Gr. § 332, 6. and the ex. irpbs cits eicrt£- 
 ffavTo, PI. Gorg. 519. a. 
 
 § 26. apTcav 7]jj.i<rea, lit. halves of loaves of bread, i. e. half loaves of 
 
 bread. For the government of aprcou, see Gr. § 264, Rem. 5. b. £tti- 
 
 in comp. with Xeyeiv signifies, in addition, besides, i. e. besides carrying the 
 
 present. Observe the accentuation of ere, Gr. § 35, Rem. 2. (b.) 
 
 rovTtav, for the government, see Gr. § 273, 5. (c.) 
 
 12* 
 
274 NOTES. 
 
 § 27. ir&w is here placed after the adjective which it qualifies. This 
 unusual position increases its force ; cf. iaxvpoos, 1, 2, 21 and 1, 7, 15.- 
 avrbs . . . i7ri/j.4\eiav is parenthetical and hence the verb (ISiWto) is indie. 
 
 instead of optat. koX Sice t)\v iiri/jLeAeiav, and on account of their care 
 
 (for him as prince). &s p.7] ireivooj/res, sc. ol 'iiriroi. aywarij/ instead 
 
 of ayoiev, another instance of transition to the oratio recta, 
 
 § 28. "E,KXi\v(av and Papfidpooj/, depend on ovtieva. 
 
 § 29. Trapa fiev ; we should expect here irapa jx\v yap, as introducing 
 after reK/x^piou a statement of the proof; other instances however like this 
 
 occur. SovX&v uvrosy being a subject; cf. 2, 5, 38 ; 3, 1, 17. ouros, 
 
 i. e. Orontes. oV, relating to avrSv, i. e. the faithful servant to whom 
 
 Orontes had entrusted the letter to the king ; cf. 1, G, 3 ; ov being placed 
 before its antecedent is made far more prominent in the sentence ; cf. ovs — 
 
 avroTs, 6, 4, 9. ical ouroi jxevroi, and these indeed ; ol . . . ayair(i>p.£voi 
 
 in apposition with ovtoi, and in the same construction with iroXXoi. - 
 av Tvyxdveiv, they would obtain etc., dependent on vop.i(ovrss. 
 
 § 30. to . . . avTca yevS/nevov, that which happened to him (Cyrus) etc. ; 
 fieya reKjx'ijpiov (J\v) oti /c.t.A., was a striking proof that etc. 
 
 § 31. irap' o.vt6v, near him, on his side. na\ to GTp. ; not simply 
 
 alone but having also all the army which etc. Cf. koL tovs frepanovras 
 iravTas %X 0>V > ^> ^, ^. 
 
 CHAP. X. 
 
 Movements of both armies immediately after the death of Cyrus, at the 
 close of the battle. The Persians, after plundering the camp of Cyrus, 
 having advanced against the Greeks, retreat precipitately. 
 
 § 1. Kvpov . . . xel/9 7] 8e£id : Plutarch (Artax. 13) says this was done 
 
 kclto. 5-f] Tiva v6\xov riepcrwi/, Cf. 3, 1, 17. diuKOov slo"n:'nrTzi agrees with 
 
 the principal subject, as Xa^duei in § 2 below. ol fxej/. To this cor- 
 responds that which in substance is contained in § 3, ol Be "EXXrji/es — 
 
 avTiTaxQivr^s. els tov cto.Qix6v : cf. 2, 1, 3 ; the station where they 
 
 had last encamped. CTpaToiredov, the place where the attendants of the 
 army remained during the battle. 
 
 § 2. QcoKaiSa ; from Phocaea in Ionia according to Athenaeus, 13. 576., 
 irporepov MjAt&j KaXov^evriv, 'AffTraalav /xeTOvo/j.a(rdrivac. 
 
 § 3. yvfAi/Ss, like nudus, often means without the outer garment, clad only 
 
 with the xtTwj> ; cf. 4, 4, 12. -rrphs tuv 'EXX^vcov o'i : irphs governs 
 
 the omitted antecedent of o'i which would be tovtous : to those of the Greeks 
 who etc. The omission of the antecedent in similar cases is extremely 
 rare. ol Se teal avTuv, and some of them, i. e. the Greeks who had 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. X. 275 
 
 arms in their camp. ravrriv = tV Mi\7](rlau. tiAAa 0Tr6aa, the 
 
 more common order would be 6ir6cra aAAa. evTbs avTuv . . . e'yeVoj/TO, 
 
 came within their reach. The repetition of ecruo-av seems here to be 
 
 emphatic, although similar repetitions occur where no special emphasis 
 seems to be intended. Cf. avafialvei, avefij], 1, 1, 2 ; tfyyeWov repeated, 1, 
 7, 13 : airtxvp* 1 , aTrex&pricrav, 3, 4, 15 ; 5e? repeated, 3, 4, 35. 
 
 § 4. ol "EWrives here denotes the main army of the Greeks ; not the 
 
 s:;me that were mentioned in the last section. ol (lip here refers to ol 
 
 "E\\7]ues. In like manner 6 p.4v not unfrequently refers to the nearer, and 
 6 Se to the more remote object. ko.9' avrovs, opposite to themselves ; cf. 
 
 1, 8, 21. ol Se instead of 6 Se because Xen. has in mind not merely 
 
 fiaai\evs, but also ol avv avrtp. In a similar way, avrovs § 7, and ovras 
 
 § 10 below. us fjdri irdvres, as if already all, i. e. all the Persians, 
 
 even those who were opposed to the Greeks and were already routed. , 
 
 § 5. eXr} and vuapev, oratio obliqua. Observe the force of the imperf. 
 
 optat. (yincptv, were conquering), as distinguished from the aor. optat. 
 
 els to Trp6adev, forwards. o'lxovrai, lit. have gone ; pres. in form, perf. 
 
 in meaning. One might expect the optat. to correspond with viKyev. For 
 a similar change, cf. rptyovrai and e^otey, 3, 5, 13 ; ire^irei and {palvoiro, 
 
 2, 1, 2 ; t£Qvt}ksv and e'irj, 2, 1, 3. eirl rb crrp. ap^ovres, to the camp 
 
 to render assistance. 
 
 § 6. teal fia<ri\evs, the king also ; as the Greeks had purposed to attack 
 
 him, so the Icing also was now coming to make an attack on them. us 
 
 idonei must be connected in idea simply with oirio-Qev. o-Tpa<j>ei/Tes, 
 
 having faced about ; avcrpatpivres (the reading of some editions) would 
 
 signify, having brought their ranks together. us ravr-p irpoo~i6vTOS, sc. 
 
 fiaaiXeus : — nai connects here a particip. in the gen. with a particip. in 
 the nominative. Not unfrequently /ecu and Se and the corresponding nega- 
 tive connectives unite a gen. abs. with some other case of a^ particip. ; 
 cf. 5, 6, 32 ; 7, 1, 27. In 2, 4, 22, the case abs. is connected to a governed 
 
 case. ft Se k.t.A., (see 1, 8, 23.) but lohere he passed along etc. — — 
 
 Kal tovs . . . ai/TOfj.oX'fjo'auras, and those icho (being) over against the Greeks 
 had deserted in the battle ; cf. 2, 1, 6. 
 
 § 7. cu^Aacre, marched through. Tissaphernes being on the left wing 
 of the Persians (1, 8, 9.) would be opposed to the right wing of the army 
 of Cyrus. Here Clearchus was posted (1, 8, 4.) ; and on his right, the 
 Grecian targeteer force (1, 8, 5.), which skilfully gave way so as to allow 
 Tissaphernes to pass along between themselves and the river. Cf. 2, 3, 19. 
 
 • "EWrjvas, here used adjectively ; cf. ©paicas and Kprjras, 1,2,9. 
 
 The names of nations with nouns denoting persons are often thus used. 
 
 Kareicave from Ka.Ta.Ko.ivu = KaTaKreivu. avrovs = Tiacacpepuriv Kal 
 
 tovs gvv avT<£. Cf. note on ol 5e § 4 above. 'AfxcpnroXiTrjs, from 
 
276 NOTES. 
 
 Amphipolis, a cit y in Thrace on the Strymon. cppSuifios yeveaBai, to 
 
 have been prudent and skilful, inasmuch as he contrived to avoid the over- 
 whelming force of the enemy, receiving no harm from them, hut inflicting 
 considerable damage. 
 
 § 8. oos . . . aTrrjWdyri, after he withdrew being worsted. jxeiov e^etv, 
 to have less, to suffer disadvantage, to be worsted. airrjWdyTj from a7raA.- 
 \drrw. dfxov qualifies iiropevovro. ^ 
 
 § 9. to evdovvfiov, the left, according to the first arrangement, hut now, 
 
 since the Greeks had faced about (§ 6 above), the right wing. avairrvr- 
 
 reiv (Java- bach, irrvrreiv, to fold) rb Ktpas, to bend the wing around. By 
 this movement the army would front the enemy, while the rear would rest 
 on the river (jcoirjcrao'dai umaQev rbv Trora/j-Sv, lit. to make the river in 
 the rear). 
 
 § 10. iv cp . . . ifiovXevovro, but while (the Greeks) were deliberating on 
 these things. The movement spoken of in the preceding section was only 
 
 contemplated (iSSicei). koX Stj, even now, nearly == ^'877. irapa- 
 
 (xeityd}xevos, having passed along by, = irapeXBcav. avriav, sc. rod 'E\~ 
 
 \7]vikov. els rb avrb (T^/acc, &o-irep, in the same form, as etc. 
 
 p.axov/ji.evos, fut. part., see Gr. § 154, 5. ovras, sc. (SacriXea kcu robs 
 
 abv avrw ; cf. ol Se, § 4 above. 
 
 § 11. 4k irXeovos, lit. from a greater distance, i. e. they began to flee 
 at a point still farther from the Greeks. rb irpScrQev, 1, 8, 19. 
 
 § 12. ayecrrpdcpecrav (avd, back, or about, and o-rpecpca, I turn), faced 
 
 about. ire^ol (in grammatical apposition with oi ajxcpl jSacrtAea) jxev 
 
 ovKeri, . . . 5e, footmen no longer, but ; or more clearly, not however foot- 
 men, but ; ovK6Ti, non item, not after the same manner = but not, not however. 
 
 eveivK^adi] from ip.ir'nr\riiJ.i : for the gen. with this word,, see Gr. 
 
 § 273, 5. (b.) rb Troiovjxevov, much less frequent in this sense than 
 
 rb yiyvo^evov^ that which was being done, or more simply, what was going 
 
 on. iir\ ireXrrjs, on a spear, in which signification the word ireKrri 
 
 seldom occurs. Cf. Cyrop. 7, 1, 4. fy 8e r<p Kvpca rb a-n/xeiou herbs iwl 
 dSparos fxaKpov avarerafxevos (with expanded wings). 
 
 § 13. ivravda denotes more commonly rest in a place, but also very 
 
 often motion to a place instead of iyravdo? ; so here. &AA01 &WoQev 
 
 expresses more briefly than otir idiom will admit of the promiscuous dis- 
 persion of the horsemen ; cf. Lat. alii alio : some (went) one way, some 
 another ; aWoQev (which means strictly, from another place) is here trans- 
 lated like &\Aoo~e, to another place, the writer assuming in mind for his 
 
 stand-point the place towards which the enemy were fleeing. ixpiAovro 
 
 (from tyiXoco) ; observe the force of the imperf., was becoming bare ; tyi\(a6ri t 
 
 was made bare, would be inconsistent with the next clause. k<x\ irdv 
 
 Tes, all also ; cf. 1, 8, 2. 
 
BOOK I. CHAP. X. 277 
 
 § 14. &vej309a([W, sc. to crpdrev/xa, did not conduct (the army) upon etc. 
 — — — vtrb avr6v ; an expression implying motion with a verb of rest. The 
 idea is, conducting the army to the foot of it (the hill), and commanding it to 
 
 halt., he sends etc. /ceAeuet, sc. avrovs. Kcm5<Was . . . ri icrriu, 
 
 lit. having looked dotcn on the things beyond the hill, what (there) is ; ti in the 
 sing, denotes the complete view of the several objects denoted by rd ; cf. 
 tI ovv ravrd iffTiv, 2, 1, 22. 
 
 § 15. cx^bv 5' oVe, and about the time when. Kal t\\ios ifivero, the 
 
 sun also was setting ; r\\ios often stands without the article, when the Eng. 
 idiom requires it ; so also other objects and appearances in nature which 
 are from their very character single ; cf. ovpavov, 4, 2, 2 ; rjhios, 5, 7, 6 ; 
 Bopias and vSros, 5, 7, 7. 
 
 § 16. a/xa [xev. Instead of a corresponding apa 5e, the construction is 
 changed, owing to the introduction of explanatory clauses, and we have in 
 
 the correlative sentence § 17. Kal avrol ejSouAetWro k.t.X. avrbu re- 
 
 OurjKoTa, Gr. § 310, 4. (a.) Kara\r\^i6ix^v6v ri, to seize upon something, 
 
 perhaps some important military point. Trpoe?^nXaKevai, had marched 
 
 forward ; from irpoeAavvw. 
 
 § 17. avrol, they themselves, they on their part in contradistinction from 
 
 Cyrus. avrov, adv. there ; IvravQa, cf. § 13 above, with note. 
 
 avrols airtemi, that they themselves should go away, in opposition to the idea 
 of bringing the baggage to them ; were there no antithesis implied, 
 
 avroTs would be unnecessary. SSpTcrjaTov, chiefly poetic, instead of 
 
 Selirvov. 
 
 § 18. ravrrjs fx\v . . . iyeuero, such was the end of this day. An event- 
 ful day ; and destined to exert an important influence on the future history 
 of the world. For on that day the Greeks learned their superiority to the 
 Persians, even in the heart of the empire. The conquests of Alexander, 
 with all of their weighty results, may be traced directly to the lesson 
 
 which was learned in the battle of Cunaxa. ■ -re . . . Kal, not only, but 
 
 especially. Gr. § 321, 1. (c.) /xecrras : ovcras is here omitted ; cf. a/xerpoy, 
 
 sc. vv, 3, 2, 16 ; and opOla, sc. ovaa, 4, 1, 20. &s i\4yovTo has respect 
 
 to the preceding word. The personal instead of the more common imper- 
 sonal construction is used here. Cf. iS6Kovu, 1, 4, 7. Kal ravras 
 
 repeats with emphasis the idea of to.s a/xd^as : even these. 
 
 § 19. KaraXvaai, cf. 1, 8, 1. For the meaning of apurrov and 
 
 Selirvovy see Die. Antiqq. art. coena. 
 
278 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 BOOK SECOND. 
 
 ' Oca e7rel Kvpos ereAetir^o'ev iyevero airiSvruv rcov 'EW'ftveop avv Ti<r- 
 ccupepj/ei iv reus <rirov8cus. — Movements of the Greeks after the tattle of 
 Cunaxa, until the treaty which they ratified with the Persians was hroken. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 Negotiations of the Greeks with Ariaeus, Persian commander under Cyrus, 
 to whom they offer the throne of Persia ; and of Artaxerxes with the 
 Greeks whom he attempts in vain either to overreach or to intimidate. 
 
 § 1. A recapitulation of the principal events in the last hook. Tls 
 
 filv ovv, How therefore ; fxev, correlative with 5e § 2. Kvpcp, dat. com. 
 
 Gr. § 284, 3, Rem. 4. iv r$ av65 v = iv rrj amfidvei, (3, 1, 1.) ; cf. 
 
 note on 'di/(o 1, 2, 1. i\G6vres, having gone bach ; cf. iXOeiv, 5, 7, 15 ; 
 
 also fj£ct>, 2, 1, 9 ; rj/ce, 2, 1, 15 ; tjkov, 2, 3, 6. ra Trdvra, see Gr. 
 
 § 216, 5. (j3.) vinav, does not mean thai they were conquering; hut 
 
 rather, that they have conquered, that they are victorious. In this sense it is 
 often used ; cf. 1, 8, 12 ; 1, 10, 4. Gr. § 255, Rem. 1. Kriiger takes ret 
 icdvra as suhject-accus. of vinav, hut it seems much more natural to take it 
 
 as the object. See Gr. § 278, 2. SeSvjAwrat has for its subject the 
 
 several clauses introduced by ws. 
 
 § 2. ajxa t?i riiiepa., a t br°ak of day ; a/xa is often thus used as a prepo- 
 sition. Gr. § 289, Rem. crr^avovvra, fut. act. particip. denoting pur- 
 pose, from cy\}xalv(io. avrSs, ipse, always intensive in the nominative 
 
 without the article. Trefxirei — cpaivoiro. The same change of mood 
 
 occurs § 3, tIQvt]k^v — etr}. ds to Trp6crQev i cf. 1, 10, 5. cru/x- 
 
 fxl^iav, should join with ; filyvv[xi is again used intransitively in 2, 3, 19, 
 and in 3, 5, 16. 
 
 § 3. iv opfxr}, in the act of setting out. ovtcov, gen. abs. ; sc. avrwv; 
 
 cf. TrpolSvTwv, 1, 2, 17. a/xa T]\iq> avlo~x ovr h a t sun-rising, denoting a 
 
 time later than aju.a tt} 7\\xipa. ; for tjAios without the article, see note 1, 
 
 10, 15. Teuthrania was in Aeolis not far from Halisarna (7, 8, 17.), 
 
 opposite the island of Lesbos according to the conjecture of Kiepert. It 
 had been given by Darius to the Spartan king Damaratus, after he had 
 
 been driven from Sparta by the intrigues of king Cleomenes. yeyovks 
 
 air6, descended from ; for another construction, see 1, 1, 1. F\ovs 
 
 connected by Kal to UpoKX^s. Ta/tc5, gen., Att. 2d declens. — — 
 
BOOK II. CHAP. I. 279 
 
 reQvriKev . . . «tij J the indie, is more positive than the optat. ; the death 
 
 of Cyrus therefore is reported as a fixed fact. eV tw araO/MS must he 
 
 connected with etrj, as ireepvyws would require els rbu cra6fi6i/. t?? 
 
 vpoTepaia, sc. y)jxepa. ry aAAy, on the other = on the next (day) ; cf. 3, 
 
 4, 1 ; in this sense rfj vcrTepaia is more common. \4yoi and (pair], sc. 
 
 'ApiaTos. inl 'lcovias, towards Ionia. For the difference between ivrl 
 
 with the gen. and hd with the accus., see Gr. § 273, Rem. 8. 
 
 § 4. 'AAA', cf. note 1, 7, 6. &<£eAe . . . £r)v, would that Cyrus were 
 
 alive. For the precise meaning of this form of wish, see Gr. § 259, Rem. 
 
 6 ; &(/>eA.e, 2d aor. of d<peiAo». vp-e?s, v/xtls, not expressed in the nom. 
 
 except for some particular emphasis or for perspicuity. Gr. § 302, 1. Yet 
 
 cf. note § 12 below. Kadiuv, Att. fut. infin. of itaOifa, to cause to sit 
 
 dozen, i. e. to set, to place. See Gr. § 117. 
 
 § 5. robs ayye\ovs ; those mentioned in § 3 above. ifiovAero, sc. 
 
 &Troo~TeAA6(r6aL. 
 
 § 6. ol fxev, an asyndeton for Kal oi jx4v ; cf. 1, 2, 25. For the 
 
 general subject of asyndeton, see Gr. § 325. kotctovtgs refers to 
 
 o-Tpa.Tev[ia as a collective noun. IvKois, for wood, in apposition with 
 
 olffTols k.t.K. o5, to the place where. e/c/3aAAeu/, to cast away, 
 
 probably from their quivers. The deserters from the king were retaken ; 
 
 cf. 1, 10, 6. ■ i\o~av cpepeaOai, there were to be brought, i. e. which might 
 
 be brought (for fuel). eprjfxoi, empty, because they had been plundered ; 
 
 1, 10, 18. Kpea belongs as object both to etyovres and jjaQiov. 
 
 § 7. ol [xkv aWoi fidpPapoi, . . . de, the others barbarians, . . . but. 
 
 ivrifxeos %% wv — ^vtljj.os iov. twv a/x<pl k.t.K., in those things pertaining 
 
 to etc. ; depends on e7ricn-7^coj/, Gr. 273, 5. (e.) reikis re Kal oirAo- 
 
 fjLax'tav. The former denotes the act of drawing up the lines ; the latter, 
 the various exercises pertaining to a battle, (strictly as the etymology im- 
 ports, a battle with heavy armor.) 
 
 § 8. vikuv ruyxauei. For the construction, cf. note on irapuv irvyxave, 
 
 1, 1, 2. lovTas iirl . . . frvpas, going to the doors of the ting ; a common 
 
 form of expression to denote the suit of the poor and the weak before the 
 
 rich and the powerful; cf. 1, 2, 11. evpio-KeaOai, to try to obtain; cf. 
 
 7, 1, 31. av SvvcovTai, if they can, sc. obtain any advantage ; <rya- 
 
 Q6v belongs as a complement with evpio~Kecr8ai and also with the condi- 
 tional clause. 
 
 § 9. ofxeos de KAtapxos, but Clearchus nevertheless, i. e. although he was 
 
 equally indignant with the others. ob ; the position of the negative, 
 
 not before efrj but before r&v vikwvtuv, should be noticed : to deliver up 
 their arms belonged not to the victorious, implying the antithesis a\Ka twv 
 
 ■)]tt(i)[j,4vow. 6077, continued he ; a common use of the word. Cf. 3, 2, 9 ; 
 
 3, 3, 12 ; 3, 5, 6. ep^eTe, sc. aTTOKpivaadai. ??!&>, will return ; cf. 
 
280 NOTES. 
 
 note on £\Q6vres> 2, 1, 1. rh lepb. ityprifxeva (from e£o»pew), the eiv 
 
 trails which had been taken out (from the victim) ; since from the entrails, 
 
 especially from the liver, they supposed future events might be known. ■ 
 
 &vo/Aevos, sacrificing, the mid. voice adds the idea, for himself i. e. as the 
 word often means, to take the auspices. Cf. 1, 7, 18. 
 
 § 10. KAedVwp, doubtless the same who in 2, 5, 37. is called an Orcho- 
 
 menian and a general. See note 1, 2, 9. irp6aQev . . . irapadol7]<rav i 
 
 they would sooner die than deliver up their arms ; a familiar idiom in many 
 languages ; irapadoirjaav : with the exception of the common word etvaav 
 (see 1, 1, 5.) this is an extremely rare form of the optat. of verbs in -/xt, 
 
 instead of nvapa^diev. &avjj,dfa, Trorepa, I wonder whether. This verb 
 
 often contains in itself not only the notion of wonder, but also of desire to 
 
 know, and hence may be followed by an indirect question. dcapa, sc. 
 
 aire?. el jxev yap, sc. aire?. Kal . . . e\d6vTa, and not (much 
 
 rather) to come and take (them) ; lit. having come to take. 
 
 § 11. avTu, sc. tw jSacrtAe?, depends on avTiiroieiTat, perhaps as dat. in- 
 com. ; Gr. § 284, Eem. 4 ; for who is there that lays claim to the government 
 
 against him ? eavTOv elvai, belong to himself i. e. are his property. — — 
 
 %X <av i sc * v/xcis. l-^Vt c ^ A 4e 'o'ou, 1, 2, 7. Kal . . . ivrSs, and (hav- 
 ing you) voithin etc. ovV , el -napeyoi vfuv, not even if he should give 
 
 them up to you, sc. to be slain ; i. e. should they not fight at all, there would 
 be too many even for the Greeks to slaughter. 
 
 § 12. &s crb opas, the personal pronoun stands here, as elsewhere some- 
 times, with a very slight emphasis. Examples of this sort are found chiefly 
 in clauses introduced by a relative adverb or pronoun ; cf. ocrovs ffb dpys 
 
 § 16 below ; also ws iydo, 2, 2, 3. aV ; the first belongs to xpv&Ocu ; 
 
 the second, to crreprjOrtuai. irapaddxreiVf sc. 7]/xas as subject : that we' 
 
 shall deliver up to you etc. avv tovtois — ravra exovres (§ 20 below), 
 
 not exactly the same as tovtois (dative of instrument). Cf. 3, 2, 8. 
 
 § 13. (piXooScpcp, used here in contempt, as of one who does not recog- 
 nize the actual, but sees only the imaginary. eoiKas, you resemble ; 
 
 for the forms of this verb, see Gr. § 195, 2. ouk axdpicrTa, what 
 
 is not unpleasing, ironical. ftrfl: . . . wv, be assured that you are, 
 
 Gr. § 310, 4. (a.) olei, the form always used by Attic writers as 
 
 2d pers. sing, of o'lo/xai ; cf. fiovXei and u\pei from fiovXofxai and otpofxai. 
 Gr. § 116, 11. 
 
 § 14. eipacrav, cf. note, 1, 9, 23. &s Kal . . . eyivovTO Kal . . , av . . . 
 
 yivoivTO, that they both were . . . and might become . . . ; see Gr. § 321, 1. 
 
 iroWov, see note on 1, 3, 12. etVe . . . eire, whether . . . or. 
 
 &AAo ti, in something else, as distinguished from an expedition to Egypt. 
 
 ffvyKaTaffTpetyau/TO (comp. o~vv y KaToi, crTpe<paj) av avT$,"they would 
 
 together with him subjugate (it). 
 
BOOK II. CHAP. I. 
 
 281 
 
 § 15. viroXafiiiov elirev, breaking in, said. Ouroi . . . dXXos dXXa 
 
 Xeyei ; the verb agrees with dXXos which is in apposition with olroi ; cf. 
 the construction of iiropeuero, 1, 8, 9; we may render, of these, one says 
 one thing, another (says) another. ri Xeyeis, what you propose. 
 
 § 16. aarpei/os is much more common than aa/xeuws, where an adverb 
 
 might be expected. Cf. ettdov, cutoov, iOeXovo'ios, duovaios. ol/xai often 
 
 stands as here without any influence on the construction ; still, the accus. 
 robs dx. irduTas, would be admissible ; cf. Plat. Prot. 314, b. oifxai oe ical 
 Hp68acov k.t.X. ; with the construction of olpat here, compare ev laQi and 
 
 similar expressions. ol dXXoi iravres, sc. ere aa/xej/oi hwp6.Ka.viv. 
 
 Tl^eis, SO. "EXXrjves eafiev. irep\ £>v = irepl tovtwu a. 
 
 § 17. Trpbs &e<av, in the presence of the gods, a solemn form of assevera- 
 tion. Gr. § 298, 1. (2.) (c.) di/aXey6/j.evov, expresses no fitting idea, 
 
 says Hertlein ; Kriiger translates it with els rhv eireira xpovov, when handed 
 down to coming time, making duaXeyS/xevov agree with 6' ; but such a mean- 
 ing of the word, he says, is not to be found elsewhere, at least in Attic 
 writers. Hence various conjectural readings have been proposed ; — e. g. 
 av XeyS/xei/ov, should it be reported ; duayyeXS/xeuou, being announced ; irdvra 
 Xey6/xevov, in which case Xeyojxevov would agree with xpdvov, time, that tells 
 
 all things. %vv, older Attic form of avv. \v[x.^ovXevo}xevois £vve- 
 
 fiovXevaev ai>To7s, advised them on consulting with him ; the marked difference 
 between the act. and mid. will not escape notice. 
 
 § 18. ravra virrjyeTO, briefly expressed, says Hertlein, for ravra Xeywp 
 vTT'fjyeTO, in these things he made an artful suggestion to lead (Phalinus) on. 
 
 viroarpixl/as, having artfully turned. The notion, artful, sly, in both 
 
 of these verbs, is expressed by vir6. irapd, contrary to. avrov, 
 
 i. e. rod KXedpxov. It will be perceived that Greek met Greek in this 
 interview. 
 
 § 19. rwv jxvpluv. For the article here, cf. 1, 7, 10, and Gr. § 246, 9. 
 
 acoQTJuai, depends on iXiridow, hopes of being saved. After iXTris iariv 
 
 the infin. aor. is not unfrequently used without dv, denoting a future 
 
 event; less frequently after iXiri^eiy. troXeixovvras agrees with the 
 
 implied subject of awQ^vai. The dat. agreeing with 0/juv would also have 
 
 been grammatical ; cf. note on Xaj36ura, 1, 2, 1. dicovTos, cf. note 1, 
 
 3, 17. birr) 5vuar6v, lit. in what way%it is possible, i. e. in the best way 
 
 possible. 
 
 § 20. ravra as usual referring to what precedes, rdde to what follows. 
 
 ■ (piXovs ehai, sc. r^ds. irXelovos . . . (piXoi, dependent on olo/xeOa, 
 
 we might be more valuable friends, sc. i)/j.e?s (which however could not pro- 
 perly be expressed) ; for the nominative with the infin., see Gr. § 307, 4. 
 
 iroXene?}/, also dependent on oUpeQa. This reply is worthy of the 
 
 Laconian Clearchus. 
 
282 NOTES. 
 
 § 21. /j.£vov<ri avrov, sc. v/xij/, to you (on condition of your) remaining 
 
 here. —— etrjo'av, see note on irapaSoi^ffav § 10 above. nrpoCovcn Kai 
 
 amoiffi, sc. ijxiv ; — tt6\s/j.os, sc. e^rj. efaraTe : for those parts of the 
 
 1st aor. of this word which are used in preference to the 2d aor., see Gr. 
 
 § 167, 7. irepl rovrov, concerning this, i. e. the last point proposed by 
 
 the king. ir6repa . . . elcriv, lit. whether you will remain and there is a 
 
 treaty to you, i. e. whether you will remain and have peace. u>s TroAe/xov 
 
 ovros, on the supposition that war exists ; gen. abs. with &s. 
 
 § 22. airep Kai. When two ideas, expressed in a demonstrative and 
 relative clause, are compared, the Eng. word also is regularly placed only in 
 the demonstrative clause, but the Greek word Kai stands also in the relative 
 clause, sometimes even when it is not expressed in the demonstrative ; cf. 
 Kai before v/xe?s 1, 3, 6. Consequently in translating, we cannot well render 
 Kai in the relative clause : to us also the same things seem expedient as to 
 
 the king. ri ravra, cf. note 1, 10, 14. hiteKpivaro, notice the 
 
 asyndeton. crirovSai, sc. elcnv. 
 
 § 23. ravrd, do not confound with ravra. With (xipovffiv and the 
 
 other participles in the dat. plur., understand rjfjuv. The diplomacy of 
 Clearchus appears to be quite a match for that of Artaxerxes. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 The Greeks joining Ariaeus resolve to return with him to Ionia. After a 
 day's march, they arrive at some Babylonian villages. In the night, 
 they are seized with a groundless panic, which is allayed through an 
 ingenious pleasantry of Clearchus. 
 
 § 1. ol Se irapa 'Aptaiov ; see 2, 1, 3 and 5. avrov irapa 'Apiaiy, 
 
 there with Ariaeus ; avrov is often in this way more exactly defined by a 
 
 preposition with its case, cf. 4, 3, 6 ; 4, 3, 28 ; 4, 2, 22. fiehriovs, 
 
 better, i. e. in respect to birth and rank. ovs (sc. (pair]) . . . fiacriXevov- 
 
 ros, who would not endure his being king ; we should expect here instead 
 of the accus. and infin. o% ovk av avacxolvro K.r.K. ; but in indirect narra- 
 tion (oratio obliqua) we sometimes find the infin. after a relative pronoun, 
 also after &s, ore, irrei, ine^i]. Cf. 5, 7, 18. See Gr. § 345, 6; avrov 
 
 depends on auaax^Qai, Gr. § 27^>, 1. /ceAeuet, sc. ifxas. avros 
 
 belongs to the subject of aTriiyai, that he himself will go away. Gr. 
 § 307, 4. 
 
 § 2. ovrus regularly refers to what precedes ; but it denotes what fol- 
 lows when used as a correlative before uxrre or oaris, and also before an 
 
 epexegetical clause ; as here. Cf. 4, 6, 10 ; 5, 6, 12 and 32. iroielv, 
 
 sc. v[x.as. Before uxnrep \4yere, understand, from the foregoing, xph 
 
BOOK II. CHAP. II. 28 
 
 o 
 
 vroieTv. oi»5e rovrois, not even to these, as he Lad also concealed Lis 
 
 intention from PLalinus and Lis fellow ambassadors, 2, 1, 23. 
 
 § 3. levai depends not on frvo/xei/o), but on ovk eyiyvero ra. lepd, sc. 
 KaXa, cf. 6, 6, 36 ; 7, 2, 17 ; KaXa is omitted with yiyveoQai also in 6, 4, 
 
 13, and 16, and 17, and 19, and 25 ; and in 6, 5, 2. dpa, manifestly ; 
 
 it is used similarly in 4, 2, 15. ov fxev S-fj, cf. note 1, 9, 13. oiov 
 
 re, possible, sc. eVrt ; otos with re annexed Las regularly the meaning, 
 
 able, possible ; and it often stands as Lere without the verb. ra iiri- 
 
 rrfieia, the requisite means of subsistence. eariv, see Gr. § 35, 1. 
 
 levai, dependent on KaXa. 
 
 § 4. SenrveTv, exegetical of w&e Tvoietv, and governed in the same way. 
 SeiirveTv — Gvanevd^eaQe, a transition from xp'f} with the infin. to the 
 
 imperative, as in § 2, xpr) iroielu — irpdrrzre. ffrifi-fivri, sc. 6 aaXTriyKrrjs 
 
 as it is ordinarily explained ; cf. eaaXiriy^e 1, 2, 17. as auairaveffQai, 
 
 as if to rest ; us denotes that the signal was given only as a pretence to 
 
 deceive the enemy. inl rep rpiroj, on the third (signal). rQ r,yov- 
 
 fxevca is neuter (cf. 2, 4, 26) ; the part (of the army) taking the lead. 
 
 irphs rod irorajjiov, near or next (Tvp6s)from the (denoted by the gen.), in the 
 next place this side of the river, or more freely, on the side towards the river. 
 Gr. § 298, 1. (1.) ra oirXa, by a common meton. for robs onXiras. 
 
 § 5. rb Xonr6v, as to the rest, i. e. from that time forth. VPX 6,/ ^ s 
 
 spoken of the chief command. oy% kx6jj.evoi, not having chosen him for 
 
 the commander in chief. Set rbv dpxovra, sc. <ppovelv. 
 
 § 6. As Kriiger remarks, this section is wholly out of place here ; like 
 a considerable number of similar passages it is very likely an interpolation 
 
 from some other work. apiQ^bs r7)s odov, a reckoning of the way ; cf. 
 
 irXrfios rr\s Karafidaews ri]s 68ov, 5, 5, 4. jwox 7 ?? battle-field, so in 5, 
 
 5, 4. ffraOfiol rpels KaX evevr\Kovra : only eighty-four stations from 
 
 Sardis to the battle-field are mentioned in the first book, but it will be 
 
 perceived that the distance from Ephesus purports to be given here. 
 
 e^Kovra Kal rpiaKoaioi, cf. note 1, 8, 2. 
 
 § 7. row irefav OpaKwy, mentioned 1, 2, 9. as being in all 800 peltasts. 
 
 The Thracian horsemen are mentioned in 1, 5, 13. -qvrojxdXficre from 
 
 avrofioXeoj. 
 
 § 8. Kara ra iraprjyyeX/jLeva, according to the directions which had been 
 
 announced, § 4 above. r\\v eneivov crparidv = rr\u arparidv avrov, 
 
 only that ene'ivov is more emphatic than avrov ; inewos not unfrequently 
 as here refers to an object in immediate proximity with it, instead of 
 
 denoting an object somewhat remote ; cf. 1, 2, 15 ; 1, 3, 1 ; 1, 8, 26. 
 
 fieVas vi>Kras, cf. note 1, 7, 1. eV Ta|et, a construction denoting rest 
 
 with a verb of motion ; instead of which one might expect els rd^iv (cf. 
 2, 2, 21 ; 5, 4, 11). But ev and the dat. with a verb of motion involves 
 
284: NOTES. 
 
 the idea of the rest which succeeds, an idea not distinctly suggested with et\ 
 
 and the accus. ; cf. Gr. § 300, 3. (a.) frefxevoi, sc. ol "EWrjves, not 
 
 simply ol CTpuTTj'yoi. Cf. note on /xaxo'/J.evoi, 1, 8, 27. &e/j.ej/oi t« 
 
 07rA.cs, cf. note 1, 5, 14. p^re — re ; so in Latin sometimes neque — et : 
 
 may be rendered, not only not — but also ; cf. 2, 5, 4 ; 3, 1, 30 ; 4, 3, 6. 
 Trpo(rd>iJ.ocrap, swore in addition (irpocr-). 
 
 § 9. Demosthenes (23, 68) mentions itdirpos, Kpios, and ravpos as being 
 used for a solemn sacrifice ; compare also the suovetaurilia of the Romans. 
 The wolf seems to have been added to the sacrifice as an animal held 
 
 sacred among the Persians to Ahriman, the god of darkness. els 
 
 aanlda, so that the blood ran into the shield (Hertlein) ; cf. els top iroTa/xSj/, 
 4, 3, 18. For the form of the aairls, see Die. Antiqq. art. Clipeus. 
 
 § 10. ^Aye 817, come now, age vero. 'diri/xev (sc. tV ddbv) yvirep 
 
 ^XOo/xeu, shall we withdraw by the way that we came etc. For the govern- 
 ment of rjvnep, see Gr. § 278, 1, 2. 
 
 § 11. airiSvTes sc. t\\v bZov : also, with /nanporepay below, understand 
 bH6v. vtto with the gen. (when not used in a local sense) denotes regu- 
 larly the agent or doer; then also the acting cause; cf. 1, 5, 5. 
 
 eTTTaKaidena k.t.A., for in seventeen of the nearest marches ; o"ra6(j.u>i/ de- 
 notes here the notion of time within which something takes place, and 
 
 hence is put in the gen. Gr. § 273, 4. (b.) ovde Sevpo I6vres, not even 
 
 in coming hither etc. ; much less would they be able to obtain provisions 
 
 from the same country in a second march over the same route. evQa 
 
 is either a demonstrative or a relative adverb ; here the latter : but where 
 
 there was any thing, we etc. airop'fjo'oy.ey, instead of airopeiv by a 
 
 change of construction similar to the one in 1, 3, 15., ireiao/xai instead of 
 Treia6fj.evov. 
 
 § 12. iropevreou ; for the construction of the verbal in rios, see Gr. 
 
 § 284, 3. (12.) airoffTraa-eSJfjLev, Gr. § 130. (c), o-irdo}. aira^, cf. 
 
 note 1, 9, 10. ovk4tl /r/7 Kvurjrai. The strengthened negation ov ^jA\ 
 
 takes almost always the subjunct. aor. or fut. indie. ; here by the use of 
 
 8w7)tcu the fut. event is contemplated as already present. o"naviel 
 
 Att. fut. from criravifa ; cf. Ka6ie?v, 2, 1, 4. Tavrrju is here a predi- 
 cate : this as my opinion. 
 
 § 13. i\v hvvap.evr\, signified, meant ; the particip. with -f\v is considered 
 
 = ISiWro ; cf. 6, 1, 6, i)v TreirovQ&s, and 6, 4, 24, ^efioriQ^Kores rfcray. 
 
 3) airodpavcu t) airocpvyelv, than to escape by secret or by open flight. Cf. 
 
 1, 4, 8. eV 5e|i(j e%- rbv rjhiov, i. e. towards the north, since it 
 
 was not far from the autumnal equinox, when the sun rises exactly in 
 the east. 
 
 § 14. tovto, in this ; cf. 1, 8, 11. en 5e, furthermore. eSo£ai/ 
 
 dpav, they imagined they saw. ra>v 'EXk^vwv depends on the subject 
 
BOOK II. CHAP. II. 285 
 
 of ideov, the antecedent of o'l, those of the Greeks who etc. irerpwro, 
 
 Gr. § 161, 22. 
 
 § 15. elffiv . . . viixoivro. For a similar change of mood, cf. 2, 1, 2 and 
 
 3 ; 3, 5, 13 ; 4, 5, 10 and 28. yefxoivTO with the neut. plur., cf. -7,0-av, 
 
 1, 2, 23. icrTparoiredevero, the mood but not the tense of the oratio 
 
 recta is here retained ; cf. fy, 1, 2, 21 ; icppSvei and ^crav, 2, 2, 5 ; rfcrav, 
 
 ei2. 3, 1, 2; elxez/, 7, 8, 2. iced yap /cat, elenim etiam, unusual in 
 
 Attic writers ; and (the king was doubtless encamped somewhere near)^?' 
 a smolce also etc. 
 
 § 16. airQipr]K6ras (air6, etprjita), fut. airepu, aor. atv^Lirov ', in 1, 5, 3, 
 
 arrayopevu) is used as a corresponding pres., wearied out, exhausted. 
 
 ovTas after a verbum sentiendi, Gr. § 310, 4. (a.) evducopov, forthwith, 
 
 an unusual word. aywv (and above ^yey) used absolutely, marching. 
 
 — — robs irpdorovs, the first, the foremost, i. e. the van. Kal aura, ret 
 
 £vAa, even the very timbers. ret airb tu>v oikiwv |uAa, an abbreviated 
 
 expression which we can easily render into English ; expressed in full = 
 rot, iv reus oIkIciis £v\a airb toqv oIki&u Scfipiracrro k.t.A. ; cf. tovs e/c rcov 
 irSXeasv — robs iv ra?s irSAecriv e/c ray tt6\. 1, 2, 3 ; rcoy irapa /3cunAeW = 
 ru>y irapa /SacnAei irapa ffaffiXtcos, 1, 1, 5. See Gr. § 300, 4. 
 
 § 17. opens, nevertheless, notwithstanding the fact that the villages were 
 
 plundered and laid waste by the king. ctkotolol irpacriouTes, coming up 
 
 in the darkness ; adjectives denoting time very often, those denoting place 
 less frequently, stand instead of adverbs. Gr. § 264, 3 ; so also in Latin, 
 And. & St. Gr. § 215, Rem. 15. — ■ — Cos irvyxayoy c/cacrToi, as they sever- 
 ally happened, sc. av\i£6p.evoi. Kpauyrjy iiroiovv ; one would sooner ex- 
 pect iiroiovyro, yet the act. is found with Kpavyyy, Cyr. 3, 1, 4 ; Hel. 6, 
 
 4, 16. wcrre followed by the indie, denoting an actual consequence or 
 
 result, may be rendered wherefore. Cf. note 1, 7, 7. 
 
 § 18. i^eirXayn from iKir\r}TT(a. Kal /3acnAeus, the king also ; not 
 
 simply ol iyyvrara t&v iroAe/xicoy § 17. ols ry vcrrepaia eirparre, by 
 
 what he did on the next day. See 2, 3, 1. 
 
 § 19. oTov, sc. &6pvfSov Kal Sovttop, the subject of ytyyeaOai, dependent 
 on eli<6s, sc. icrri, such as it is natural should arise etc. 
 
 § 20. Twy t6tc, sc. K7\pvKtov. rovroy, in apposition with TohulS-nv, 
 
 is expressed for the sake of perspicuity on account of the intervening clause. 
 
 Cf. Kal ravras, 1, 10, 18 ; ravTTjy, 2, 5, 11. aiy\\v KaraKripv^aura ; 
 
 heralds always proclaimed silence before they made any announcement. 
 
 Cf. Hel. 2, 4, 20. Toy acpeyra . . . oirKa, the one who let loose the ass 
 
 among the heavy armor ; tov before ivov implies that the ass had been the 
 cause of the uproar, — a joke invented by Clearchus to quell the panic. « 
 to oir\a denotes here the place (the front of the camp) where the arms 
 were stacked. Cf. 2, 4, 15 ; 3, 1, 33 ; 5, 7, 21. 
 
286 NOTES. 
 
 § 21. yirep, in what manner, as. ^X ov > use & absolutely, they had 
 
 themselves, they were drawn up. Cf. 6, 4, 11, eT^e ; Cyr. 6, 3, 21, €%eTe. 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 Further negotiations between the Persians and Greeks, ending in a treaty, 
 the terms of which were that the Persians should faithfully conduct 
 the Greeks back to Ionia, providing them with a market ; and that the 
 Greeks in turn should purchase their supplies or obtain them without 
 damage to the country. 
 
 § 1. "O . . . typatya, 2, 2, 18. TjJSe, in the following manner. 
 
 ire/ATTa)]/, without object (ayyeAovs) as often ; cf. 1, 1, 8 ; 3, 1, 27. 
 
 7]\icp, see note 1, 10, 15. 
 
 § 2. &XP 1 °- v <TX°^ ff Vi i ns ^ead of &XP 1 o'X ^ ' 616 *'* as the clause de- 
 pends on a historic tense of the indie, until he should be at leisure ; a 
 haughty reply, but it appears from the context to have been well-timed, 
 and judicious. 
 
 § 3. &<rre . . . irvKvfiv. In this clause, Hertlein proposes to govern 
 6pacr0ai by -KVKvi\v, but acknowledges that the position is unusual. Kriiger 
 supplies Kat before bpao-Qai. Why not govern bpaadai by kclXws (Gr. § 30G, 
 1. (d.) ? and render, so that it presented a fine appearance (lit. so that it was 
 beautiful to be seen) (being) on all sides a dense phalanx. Instead of bpa- 
 cr6ai, the act. bpav with tbis construction would be more common. Gr. 
 § 306, Rem. 10. ixrfiva rather than ovdeva because Sxrre is here fol- 
 lowed by the infin. ; cf. note 1, 7, 7. 
 
 § 4. irpbs ro?s ayyeXois, near the messengers. Gr. § 298. II. ■ 
 
 &vdpes . . . ecrourai, being men who were competent etc. icovrai, the 
 
 form of the oratio recta, in the midst of oblique narration. Many instances 
 of this sort have already been noticed. 
 
 § 5. cipurTOV . . . 'iffriv, for there is not a brealcfast. ou8' b roXfx^j- 
 
 (Twv, nor is he the person that will dare etc. /xr) Tropicas : the particip. 
 
 with pA\ denotes a condition. Gr. § 318, 5, 
 
 -§ 6. t\kov, came back ; cf. tj£o>, 2, 1, 9 ; i\66vres, 2, 1, 1. <p, by 
 
 which, wherefore. elKora, things that were reasonable. donoTev has 
 
 the same subject as eAeyo;/ ; 7]K0iey (like t\kov), had come bade. iav . . . 
 
 yevcovTcu, fut. perf. in meaning. Gr. § 255, Rem. 9. — — evQev = e/cetce 
 evOev, to that place from which; cf. oQev, 1, 3, 17. 
 
 § 7. 6 5e, i. e. Clearchus. o"ir4v5oiro, should conclude a treaty. 
 
 avrols to7s aj/dpd<ri, with the men themselves, with the men alone, to the exclu- 
 sion of those whom they represented. As this expression is not sufficiently 
 denned, an exegetical clause is added, rote iovcrt kou cmiovaiv, those coming 
 
BOOK II. CHAP III. 287 
 
 and going away, i. e. the Persian commissioners. — 
 c-xovo'aL In this whole conference, Clearchus affects for himself and the 
 Greeks a perfect indifference to the treaty ; thus placing the king as far as 
 possible in the attitude of a suppliant. 
 
 § 8. /j.erao'Tvcrcijj.iuos, having removed. Notice the force of perd in 
 
 composition ; L. & S., sub voce, G. in compos. VIII. id6icei, it seemed 
 
 (expedient). ko.9' rjcrvxiav, quietly, i. e. undisturbed by the enemy. 
 
 iirl, after, i. e. in order to get and bring ; cf. 5, 1, 5 ; 6, 2, 2 ; 7, 6, 
 
 2 and 3. In the next section, irp6s means simply to. 
 
 § 9. uv oKvi\acjo(nv, shall have become uneasy, afraid. aTrodSty, it 
 
 may seem inexpedient. iroi^aao-Qat. With verbs containing the notion 
 
 of fearing, hindering, denying, refusing (here curoS^), the accompanying 
 infin. regularly takes the negative. Cf. 1, 3, 2. See Gr. § 318, 8 ; there 
 are however many exceptions to this rule, as here ; after KtoXveiv, fx-f] is 
 more frequently omitted. 
 
 § 10. rdcppois iced avXiaoiv, ditches and canals ; the latter denoting 
 something larger than the former. These had been made for the purpose 
 
 of irrigating the land ; cf. § 13 below. &s = (Lore as in 1, 5, 10. 
 
 Siafidcreis as distinguished from ye<pvpai, regularly constructed bridges, 
 denotes a temporary means of crossing ; and may be rendered here tem- 
 porally bridges ; cf. 3, 5, 9. robs Se, but others, corrects the too general 
 
 statement o'L f^aav iKTreirrcoKSres ; they used not simply the palm-trees 
 which were already fallen, but they also cut some down. Cf. ol hi icai, 1, 
 5, 13 ; and note on 5, 4, 31. 
 
 § 11. KKtapxov . . . iirecrdrei, lit. to learn Clearchus how he governed, 
 by anticipation (jrpSAnipis) for Kara/xadeli/ ws K\eapxos iireoTdrei, to learn 
 how Clearchus governed. Cf. 1, 1, 5, note on tu>j/ fiapfidpeav eVe/xeAetYo k.t.A.. 
 
 fiaKTrjpiav. Flogging was not uncommon in the Spartan armies, and 
 
 hence the Spartan generals were in the habit of carrying a stick. Cf. 7tAtj- 
 
 yds ive(3a\ev, 1, 5, 11. irpbs tovto, i. e. Siafidcreis Troie?a6ai. rbv 
 
 imTifieioy, the one who deserved (it, i. e. TraleoOai). i-Tcaicrev dv, cf. note 
 
 on av acpeiXero, 1, 9, 19. pA\ is here prefixed to oh o-vG-irovo'dfav on 
 
 account of the notion of refusing implied in alffxyv-qv elvai. Gr. § 318, 8. 
 The Eng. idiom does not admit of our rendering it. 
 
 § 12. ol rpidtcovra err\ yeyov6res t those who had become thirty years of 
 age, including without doubt all the soldiers who were younger that that. 
 Hence Kruger's conjecture ol els or ol ovtto) rp. ex. 757. is very probably 
 the true reading. 
 
 § 13 o'ia Tt> ireStov dpdeiv, such as to, or suited to irrigating the plain. 
 It was now near the middle of autumn. The fields were irrigated in the 
 
 summer to prepare them for the sowing in the early autumn. dcpei- 
 
 tcii'cu (from depi-npii), in like manner we say in English to have let eto. 
 
288 NOTES. 
 
 § 14. dlvos (poiviKav, cf. 1, 5, 10. #|os k.t.A.., a sour drink made 
 
 from the same by boiling. 
 
 § 15. aiveKeivTO, were laid up ; cf. aTroKelfxevov, 5, 4, 27. al 8e, but 
 
 some, airoXeKTOL, of a choice quality. 7/AeVrpou instead of yAeicrpov 
 
 oipecos, a species of brachyology very common in Greek and Latin. We 
 
 should say the appearance differed in no respect from (that of) amber. 
 
 ras 5e rivas, but some others. With 6 jxiv and 6 8e, rls is often united. Cf. 
 
 3, 3, 19 ; 5, 7, 16. rpayfjfxara, in apposition with ras 5e rivets. 
 
 r)v, it was, the subject being indefinite. The reference is to the dried fruits 
 
 just mentioned. Tvapa ivorov, at a banquet. For a full account of the 
 
 o-v/j.Tr6o~iov or tt6tos, see Die. Antiqq. art. Symposium. 
 
 § 16. rbv iyK£(pa\ov, the pith, taken from the young shoots. rr\v 
 
 IdLOTrjra rr)s 7)8., its peculiar and delicious favor. With the meaning of tt)s 
 nSovrjs, cf. 7)5u § 15, H\aQt], 1, 9, 26. 
 
 § 17. yvvaucos, her name according to Plut. Artax. 5. was Statira. 
 7j/ce, used aoristically, cf. note 1, 2, 6. 
 
 § 18. a/j.'fixava, inextricable, predicated of evils or dangers against 
 which no remedy or defence can be found. evpypLa k-Koit]o-6.n.-r)v, I con- 
 sidered it an unexpected good fortune. Cf. eicoiovvro, 6, 1, 11. alrr)- 
 
 aacrdai Sovyai ifj.ol airocraaai ; for a similar accumulation of infinitives, 
 see 7, 6, 30 : to obtain by request that he would grant to me to conduct in safety. 
 
 av ovk is uncommon instead of ovk av ; by the present order the 
 
 negative is connected immediately with axaptarus. With axaplcrrws 
 
 tX €ll/ i t0 oe without gratitude, compare evvo'itccos *X eLV * 1, 1? 5 ; nanus €%., 
 1, 5, 16 ; ivTijxois €%., 2, 1, 7. irpos, on the part of. 
 
 § 19. avrcp Kvpov iiricrrparevovra, that Cyrus was marching against him; 
 the accus. and particip. with ayyeXXta is much less frequent than the accus. 
 
 with the infin. irpwros tfyyeiAa, see 1, 2, 4. 8ir)\acra, 1, 10, 7. 
 
 avT<2, sc. Tw fiaaiXei. 
 
 § 20. (3ov\evcracr9ai, see note 1, 2, 2. ■ ipecrBai, to ash, to enquire of; 
 a defective verb, the tenses which are wanting being supplied by ipwrdco. 
 diairpd£ao~Qai, to bring about, to obtain. 
 
 § 21. /xeracrrdvres, cf. note on jxeraar7]o~djj.evos, 2, 3, 8 ; recollect also 
 that the perf., plupei'f., and 2d aor. of 'icrrrn-u are in trans, in the act. voice. 
 
 Z\eyev, spoke, acted as speaker. Cf. 2, 5, 39 ; 3, 3, 3. eVt, Kriiger 
 
 conjectures us iiri, cf. 1, 2, 1. 
 
 § 22. rjo~xvv8r]iJ.ev : for the construction of alo'x vvo l xai w i tn ^ e accus., 
 see Gr. § 279, 5 : we felt ashamed both before gods and men etc. ; for the 
 difference between the particip. and the infin. with aio^x^vo/xaL, see Gr. 
 
 § 311, 14. Cf. 2, 5, 39. r)/xas avrovs is simply reflexive, no special 
 
 emphasis resting on avrovs. irapexovres . . . iroieTv, lit. yielding our- 
 selves (to Cyrus) to do well (by us) ; i. e. suffering ourselves to receive 
 favors from him. 
 
BOOK II. CIIAP. IV. 289 
 
 § 23. fiacriXe? aurnroiovLieOa ttJs dp%>js ; cf. 2, 1, 11, avrtp rr/s apxfjs 
 
 avTiiroieircu ; fSa&iXe'i, like avrcS, dat. incommodi. ovr . . . eVe/co, nor 
 
 is there (any thing) for which ; e<rrij/ lias for its subject the implied ante- 
 cedent of otov. adiKowra, any person who injures (us), the object of 
 
 a/xi/j/acrOai. virapxxii begins, is first, as in 5, 5, 9. tovtov 7)tt7]ct6- 
 
 /xeOa, we shall not be inferior to this one, or, behind this one. Gr. § 275, 1. 
 — -. — els, according to. Gr. § 290, 2. (3.) 
 
 § 2-1. tJ/cco, cf. note on i\66i/res, 2, 1, 1. \.iev6vT<x>v, imperat. 
 
 ayopav irapex^iv is the regular expression signifying to furnish a market 
 where provisions are sold. Cf. §§ 26 and 27 below ; also 3, 1, 2. 
 
 § 25. els, cf. note on els, 1, 7, 1. diaireirpayixevos irapa fSaai\eu>s 
 
 SoO^uai avT$ au^eiv, having obtained from the king that it should be granted 
 to him (Tissaphernes) to rescue etc. With <x<L£eiv robs "EWnuas, compare 
 
 airoauaai ifxas els rr]v 'EWada. &^iov, worth the while, becoming, = irpe- 
 
 ttov, as in 7, 3, 19. eavrou, instead of avrov, because fiaaiXel is the 
 
 subject of a.<pelvai on which the clause containing the reflexive is imme- 
 diately dependent. a<pelvai (comp. airb 'injxi), to dismiss, let go. 
 
 § 26. TeAos, finally, cf. 1, 10, 13. ^ (ify, surely, certainly, used 
 
 particularly with oaths, asseverations, or solemn promises. Gr. § 31C, 1. (a.) 
 
 tf firjv irape^etu, that we will certainly guarantee. The subject of icapi- 
 
 £eiv is 7]/xas understood ; <pi\iav is an adjective agreeing with x&P av -> use ^ 
 
 here as a predicate; Gr. § 245, 3. (b.) a86kws, in good faith, used 
 
 very commonly in solemn promises and in treaties. Cf. 2, 2, 8 ; 3, 2, 24. 
 ottou . . . ?/, and wherever it may not be (possible). 
 
 §27. v/xas 6/.i6aai (from ujivvlli), that you should give your oath. 
 
 TropevecOai by a rhetorical figure for iropevaeaOai, the fut. being conceived 
 
 of as already present. 8ia (piklas, sc. ttjs x&pas, cf. 1, 3, 14. 
 
 Qeiv, according to Kriiger, depends on 8er)o~ei, v/xas being understood as its 
 subject. 
 
 § 29. us = irp6s before the names of persons ; cf. 1, 2, 4. eTretSav 
 
 Siarrpd^ufxai, fut. perf. in meaning ; Gr. § 255, Rem. 9. & SeoLiai y cf. 
 
 note on el ri Seorro, 1, 3, 4. 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 The Greeks suspecting the sincerity both of Ariaeus and of Tissaphernes 
 march and encamp by themselves. Both armies cross over to the left 
 bank of the Tigris, and proceed as far as the river Zabatas. 
 
 § 1. avayKaioi, kinsmen ; cf. iiriTyb'eios, and in Latin, necessarius. 
 
 Tlepa&v rives, sc. acpiKvovvrai. evioi is considered as in apposition with 
 
 rives ; cf. 5, 5, 11 ; 6, 6, 34. Sepias ecpepov, brought assui-unces. They 
 
 IS 
 
290 NOTES. 
 
 presented the right hand as the sign of a solemn promise in the name oi 
 the king ; in Ages. 3, 4, 8e£iav TrefXTreiv is predicated of the king himself. 
 
 fivrj<riKaKT)(r€u/, with (Zao-iXea as its subject, depends on de^as e<pepop 
 
 as containing the idea of a promise. ttjs eVt- and aXXov ju?j5-, gen. 
 
 of cause ; Gr. § 274, 1. rcau Txaptox^^vuiv (from Tra.poixofj.aL), of the 
 
 things that were past. 
 
 § 2. ol irepl 'ApiaTov, Ariaeus and his men ; Gr. § 263, d. "We learn 
 from Hell. 4, 1, 27. that Ariaeus afterwards revolted a second time from 
 the king. Trpoaexovres rov vovv with the dat., giving the mind to, atten- 
 tive to. Kal dia rovro, on this account also, aside from other reasons. 
 
 Trpocn6vT€s i sc. ol iroXXol t5>v 'EX- . to?s fiev ttoXXoTs, a correla- 
 tive of KXeapxos Se, § 5 "below. t<£ KX- , dat. with eXeyov. 
 
 § 3. ?)', instead of t), used chiefly in indirect questions ; and in " such 
 direct questions as follow a general question and suggest the answer 
 
 thereto, like Lat. an." L. & S. Trepl iravrSs, cf. note on Trepl irXeto'Tov, 
 
 1, 9, 7. crpareveiv instead of rod ffrpareveiv, dependent on (pSfios, 
 
 cf. 3, 1, 18 ; hut in 4, 4, 11, aviffTacrQai without rov dependent on okvos. 
 
 virdyerai, he through deceit induces, cf. vTri)yeTO, 2, 1, 18. outoJ 
 
 dat. incom. with dieo"irdp6ai. aXtaOrj from aXlfa, a poetic word. — — 
 
 ovk eariu oizcas ovk iTriO-fjcrerai, lit. there is not any way that he will not attack, 
 i. e. he will certainly at all events attach ; cf. 4, 5, 31. 
 
 § 4. ov . . . $ovXi)o~eTai, he will never consent, voluntarily at least etc. 
 roaoide means either so many or so Jew, the context alone determin- 
 ing which of these specific ideas it denotes ; here, so few. eVl ra?s 
 
 &vpais avrov, a hyperbole as in 3, 1, 2. KarayeXdaavTes, cf. Kara- 
 
 yeXav, 1, 9, 13. 
 
 § 5. Kal ravra irdvra, all these things also, as well as other things. 
 
 itrl TroXejj.0), for war, denoting purpose ; Gr. § 296, II. (3.) (c.) oQev 
 
 must also be connected with irapel-ei : nor will any one furnish places from 
 
 which etc. — eirLO-LTiov^eQa, Att. fut. mid. of eTricririCw, Gr. § 117. 
 
 o i)yr]d'6ixGvos . . . ecrrai, lit. the one who will act as guide will be nobody, 
 
 i. e. there will be no one to act as guide ; cf. 6 roXfj.'fio'wy, 2, 3, 5. For 
 
 the meaning of the fut. kffri^ta, see Gr. § 173, Bern. 2. ol Tvp6o-Qev 
 
 oures, sc. (piXoi, even those being formerly (friends') icill be etc. 
 
 § 6. TroTafiSs is placed hefore el to give it more prominence and em- 
 phasis. Cf. eirl re ri)s KecpaXrjs to oVAa ei ns <pepoi, 4, 3, 6. apa, 
 
 perchance, denoting that the supposition is not improbable. SiafiaTeos, 
 
 that must be crossed; Gr. § 284, 3. (12.) 5' ovv, but at all events, 
 
 presents a fixed fact contrasted with a mere conjecture ; cf. 1, 2, 12. 
 
 o'loafiev an unusual form instead of tcrfxev. ov jxev 5t), cf. note on 1, 9, 
 
 13. linrcis. They had already gone over to the Persians (2, 2, 7). 
 
 vikuvtcs, in case we should conquer ; the participle for the sake of 
 
BOOK II. CHAP. IV. 291 
 
 conciseness often takes the place of a conditional clause. So r\rT7}fj.4vo>v, 
 should we be conquered. 
 
 § 7. /3acnA.ea is the subject of bfi6crai, and avr6u is repeated for th6 
 
 sake of perspicuity, on account of the intervening clauses. to arvft.- 
 
 lioLya, the means of making an attach, the resources. '6, ri, in what re- 
 spect, why ; '6, ri instead of ri , because it is an indirect question. 
 
 &eovs iiropKriffcu, swear falsely by the gods ; cf. 3, 1, 22 ; Gr. § 279, 4. 
 
 § 8. els oIkop ', to his province Caria. Hell. 3, 2, 12 : Kapia, zvQairep 
 6 Ti<rcra(p4pvovs oIkos. iirl yd/xcp, not for marriage, but rather in mar- 
 riage, i. e. as his wife ; since the nuptials had doubtless been celebrated in 
 Babylon ; and in 3, 4, 13, the expression rov r)r\v fiaaiAecos Svyartpo, 
 tX 0VT °s i s tlse( i °f Orontas. This can hardly mean any thing else than 
 that he was already married. So Kriiger. 
 
 § 10. v<popa>vres (vtt6 and bpaoj), looking with suspicion upon. -■ avroi 
 
 i<p' kavrwv, themselves by themselves. yyt/iSms, guides. — €vOi>?, 
 
 immediately. 
 
 § 11. £vAi£6fAevoi e/c rov avrov ; like the Eng. idiom, while gathering 
 wood from the same place. Expressed logically in full, it would be, |uAt- 
 £6[mgvoi eV t<£ avT<2 Ka\ e£ avrov KOjJuty^evoi ; cf. e« ravrrjs r /)y6pa£ov k.t.A., 
 1, 5, 10. TrXyyas ivereivov, cf. TrArjyas ivefiaXev, 1, 5, 11. 
 
 § 12. KaXovfj.evov, so called; cf. 1, 2, 13. eur&> avrov, within it, 
 
 i. e. on the eastern side, towards Babylon. irXivBois birrals, burnt bricks, 
 
 in distinction from those which are di-ied in the sun. iv aacpahrcf, 
 
 which was very commonly used as mortar, and served an excellent pur- 
 pose ; cf. Herod. 1, 179. tcoSwi/ depends on reix°s the implied subject 
 
 of r t y. This passage, says Kiepert, shows what cannot be inferred 
 
 from the imperfect and somewhat careless account of the preceding 
 marches (2, 1, 3), that the Greeks had gone back two or three days' 
 march, by the way that they had come, along the bank of the Euphrates 
 or near the river, and had already passed the Median wall, so as to be on 
 the west side of it, the side towards Mesopotamia ; eftro) avrov conse- 
 quently means on the side towards Babylon or the eastern side. 'A-rrexei 
 $e BafSvAavos ov iroXv is a remark so idle and inaccurate that it can 
 scarcely be considered any thing else than a gloss. 
 
 § 13. rr\v 5' i^€vy/xeur}v, lit. the other joined together, Lat. junctam, i.e. 
 the other being furnished with a temporary bridge consisting of seven 
 boats. The Greeks said either ^vyvvvai irorafj.6u (Sidbpvxa) as here, or 
 
 ^evyvvvai ye<pvpav, as in § 24 below. i\o~av curb : it is not uncommon 
 
 to unite eivat with prepositions or adverbs expressing motion ; cf. elalu e/c, 
 
 1, 2, 7. Karerirp.if]vro (/caret, re/xj/oo), there had been cut. tcaTrep, SC. 
 
 Kararerfirjvrai. fieXivas here means fields on which /jLeXivn is grown. 
 
 § 14. Sivdpicu is probably dependent on irapatieiaov, since Zacrvs else- 
 
 
292 NOTES. 
 
 where always takes the dative. The clause would then be read, near a largh 
 and beautiful, and dense park (consisting) of etc. ol Se fSaptHapoi, sc. 
 
 § 15. ottXuv, cf. note on ra oir\a, 2, 2, 20. ?5oj, might see, i. e. 
 
 have an interview with. na\ ravra, and iliat too; cf. 1, 4, 12. 
 
 &v agrees with the subject of i^rei, &v9pooir 6s tis. 
 
 § 16. on, cf. note 1, 6, 8. e7re,ui|/e, in the sing., agrees with the 
 
 nearest subject and is understood with the more remote ; an idiom not 
 uncommon. Cf. -f\v, 1, 2, 3 ; kiraivoi-f), 6, 1, 16. 
 
 § 17. ti]V y£<pvpav : the bridge of boats mentioned again § 21 below. 
 In § 13 above, yi<pvpa denotes a regularly constructed bridge in distinction 
 
 from a mere bridge of boats, a pontoon. u>s before b\iavoe?Tcu is causal, 
 
 since ; before p}} Sia/Jjjre, it is final, in order that. ttjs diupvxos, the 
 
 one mentioned § 13, over which the bridge of boats was constructed. 
 
 § 19. a.Ko\ov6a, consistent. Wherein the two things threatened were 
 
 inconsistent or incompatible with each other, appears from the sequel. 
 
 re — Kai ; we should expect here from the sense Kai only ; instead of tbe 
 
 simple Kai, re — Kai stands also in 1, 5, 11 ; 1, 10, 4 ; 4, 8, 1. iiri- 
 
 TiGn/xeyovs, the persons making an attack, agrees with the implied subject 
 of vikclv and r/TTaadai. —— aooBcofiei/, (as in the next § <pvya>cnv, and 
 in 1, 7, 7, $£,) since exoifiev &v does not differ greatly in sense from e|o- 
 
 pev. o-iroi, (a place) to which ; the antecedent of tbe relative adverb 
 
 like that of the relative pronoun being often omitted. 
 
 § 20. ttoVtj tls, about how large ; rls is often joined in this way to 
 adjectives denoting quantity. X^P a Vi see Gr. § 245, 3. (a.) 
 
 § 22. vTroirep.-tyat.ev ; vn6 in composition denotes, from the general idea 
 under, the notion secretly. Instead of Tceptyaitv, the other form iripL-tyeiav 
 
 would be more common ; Gr. § 116, 9. evQev fj.hu . . . evQev Se, on the 
 
 one side . . . on the other side ; cf. 3, 5, 7. t&v . , . iuovrcav, there being 
 
 in (it) persons who would till (the land) ; a clause in the gen. abs. connected 
 
 to a gen. governed by a preposition ; cf. note 1, 10, 6. ipyd£eo-6ai, 
 
 to work, is used particularly to denote agricultural labor. airoo'TpoipT] 
 
 yevoiro, it might become a place of refuge ; airoorpocpr) = Karacpvyri, as in 
 7, 6, 34. 
 
 § 23. ojxois, nevertheless, i. e. although they thought there was no occa- 
 sion for alarm or solicitude ; cf. 2, 2, 17. 
 
 § 24. ws oTov re pdAurra, as much as possible ; TrecpvAayfxevoos, adv. 
 
 being on their guard. tuv irapd, cf. note 1, 1, 5. SiafSaivovrcov, 
 
 gen. abs. ; the dat. Siafiaivovcn might have been expected here ; cf. note 
 
 on UvTtav, 1, 4, 12. $X eT0 a-ireKavvuv, he departed riding away, or 
 
 simply, he rode away ; cureKavj/ow added to a>x* ro * s not a mer e tautology 
 since it tells how be went away. 
 
BOOK II. CHAP. V. 293 
 
 § 25. w/ce?TO, was situated ; cf. note on oiKov/xeynv, 1, 4, 1. 
 
 § 26. els dvo, two abreast ; but in 7, 1, 23, ets oktw denotes the depth 
 of the line. The depth of the line is also denoted by eVt with the gen. ; 
 e. g. eirl rerrdpccv, four deep, 1, 2, 15 ; but in 5, 2, 6, eVt with the gen. 
 denotes also the width of the line. Hence the connection must determine 
 
 the precise meaning of both expressions. aAAore koX aAAore icpio-rd- 
 
 uevos, halting now and then. to r,yo('ixevov, the van, (cf. 2, 2, 4) ; it is 
 
 the object of eVicrpjo-eje, all the time that he made the van of the army to halt. 
 r)]v iirio-Tacriv, the halt. 
 
 § 27. MnSias ; the land on the eastern side of the middle Tigris. It was 
 originally called Athur (Hebrew and Phoenician Ashur, whence the Greek 
 Aaavpia). After the Assyrian empire had been overthrown by the Medes, 
 the country took the name of Mvdia. Herod, calls it MaTinvr), whereas 
 the name Assyria is applied by him exclusively to Babylonia. In the 
 time of Alexander the Great and later, this country was again called 
 
 Assyria. Uapvo-driSos Kcbfxas. From the distance they had marched, 
 
 these must have been somewhere near the mouth of the Lesser Zab ? a con- 
 siderable stream, the passage of which one would expect to find mentioned. 
 
 This seems to have been forgotten in speaking of the pillage. Kvpy 
 
 iireyye\a>i' (iirt, eV, ye\dw), insulting Cyrus, as an insult to Cyrus. ttAV 
 
 avSpan6dwv, but not to reduce the inhabitants to servitude ; the full expression 
 would be, tt\)]v avdpairodifcadat robs avOpwirovs ouk iirerpeipe. 
 
 § 28. Kaivai, later in the Roman and Parthian wars, called Kanae, 
 Maschane or Marchane, (probably the Assyrian commercial city Canneh, 
 mentioned in Ezekiel 27, 23.) Its ruins are still in existence and some 
 
 remains of Assyrian sculpture have recently been found there. £w\ cr^. 
 
 hup-, on rafts (made) of tanned shins. Arrian. Anab. 3, 20, 4, describes 
 something similar. uprovs, rupovs, olvov. Asyndeton is often em- 
 ployed in the enumeration of different objects. * Cf. 3, 1, 3 ; 3, 4, 31 ; 4, 
 4, 9 ; 4, 5, 31 ; 6, 6, 1. 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 During a halt of three days at the river Zabatus (the Greater Zab), Clear- 
 chus seeks and obtains an interview with Tissaphernes. He is so far 
 deceived by the wily Persian that he takes with him four other gene- 
 rals and twenty captains for a second interview. The Greek generals 
 are made prisoners and the captains are put to the sword. Ariaeus 
 repairs at once to the Grecian camp and demands an immediate sur- 
 render. Cleanor in behalf of the Greeks returns a reproachful answer. 
 
 i 
 
 § 1. Zairdras (cf. 3, 3, 6.), Syriac Zaba, i. e. "Wolf; hence called by 
 
 the later Greeks Avkos ; it is still called the Greater Zab (Syriac Sab). 
 
 viro^lai, occasions for distrust. 
 
 r 
 
294 NOTES. 
 
 § 2. iravcr cu rds viro^ias connected by nai to cvyyevicQai, and under- 
 stood with ovvairo. epovvra (indie, ipw, the fat. of (prj/x^ to say. — — 
 
 avr<p, i. e. tw Tiffo~a<p£pvei. 
 
 § 3. Txrffacpepj/ri, instead of Turffacpepves. See Gr. § 71. A. i)fxas 
 
 dependent on tpvXarr6fxevov, guarding yourself against us etc. 
 
 § 4. ovre has for its correlative rh after iyco ; cf. note on pA\re — re, 2, 
 
 2, 8. a'ladeaOai instead of cdo-OdveaOcu is rare : the aorist infin. would 
 
 be aiadecrdai. roiovrov ovdev, any such thing, i. e. to do injury to you. 
 
 els \6yovs coi d\6e?v, to enter into a conference with you. — — ii-e\oi- 
 
 /xev, from i^aipew, I take away from. 
 
 § 5. dvOpdirovs, which denotes the whole is in the same case with robs 
 fxcv, and robs oe, which denote the parts, instead of the gen. avQp&irwv. 
 
 This kind of apposition is not uncommon. o% <po$r)6evres . . . fiov\6- 
 
 fxevoi . . . i770L7](Tav, instead of (pofi-qQevras . . . f$ov\ojj.evovs . . . Troi^ffav- 
 ras. To avoid such an accumulation of participles, the present construc- 
 tion (unusual with o78a) was chosen. (pofi-ndej/res, having feared, is 
 
 regularly used as aor. mid. (pQdcrai . . . TradeTv, wishing to anticipate 
 
 (the others) before they suffered (any thing). For the two accusatives 
 
 nana, and robs k.t.A., with e-Koi-qcav, see Gr. § 280, 2. 
 
 § 6. dyvafiocrvvas, a milder expression for ddii^fiara, as ayy^/xav is 
 used for ddiKos, 7, 6, 23. 
 
 § 7. Trpwroy . . . jxeyiffrov, for (to speak of that which is) first and most 
 
 important ; cf. 1, 3, 10 ; 5, 6, 29. fj.ev is correlative with 5e, § 8. 
 
 ol &ewv opuoi, our oaths to the gods ; cf. 6, 1, 31, bjxvvci} freovs, I swear by 
 
 the gods. rovrwv, i. e. rcoy &eav, depends on TrapT]/u.eXr]Kcos. rbv 
 
 Seuv Tr6\e/u.ov, war with the gods, object of dirocpevyoi. airb ttolov 
 
 rdxovs, with tchat speed. In this and similar expressions the means seems 
 to be conceived of as the beginning of the action, the starting-point ; cf. 1, 
 
 1, 9 ; 2, 6, 5. For the difference between dirocpevyoo and aTrodidpdo~ica), 
 
 cf. note on 1, 4, 8. diroo~raiw, with this also rby &ewv Tr6\efj.ov may be 
 
 supplied, nor how (fleeing) into a stronghold he might escape from the war 
 with the gods. So Kriig. and Hert. Cf. dtpiaravrai rbv rjAiov virb rds 
 
 oKids. Cyneg. 3, 3. ttolov stands regularly in a direct question, ottws 
 
 in an indirect. For a similar change (from the indirect to the direct 
 
 interrogative), see 3, 5, 13, Truvrrj Trdvra, Travraxf} Trdvrtav, cf. note 
 
 1, 9, 2 ; cf. also Tricrra dinar a, 2, 4, 7. "lo'ov, adv. alike, equally. 
 
 § 8. ols relates to the more remote noun frewy. nareOejxeQa, have 
 
 deposited it (rrjv (piXiav), as a consecrated offering which neither party has 
 
 any right to remove from its place Qirapa ro7s &eo7s). rS>v dvdpcvirivtvv, 
 
 in contrast with irepl rwv frecov, dependent on piyiarov dyaQov. 
 
 § 9. Tvacra 6d6s, every way ; but iraaa i) 656s, all the toay, the entire 
 journey. (pofiepwrarov instead of cpofiepwrdrri ; cf. diropov, 3, 2, 22 ; 
 
BOOK II. CHAP. V. 295 
 
 irovnpSv, 3, 4, 35 ; aAeetj/oV, 4, 4, 11. See Gr. § 241, 2. Noti >e the 
 
 paranoraasia <po$ep6s. ) (poffepuraTov ; cf. 2, 4, 7, and § 7 above. 
 
 § 10. [j.avevTGS, aor. of /jiaivofxai, having become destitute ofrcasoi.. 
 
 &AAo rt a;/ ^, an elliptical expression with which one may supply mentally 
 (before tf) yevoiro, would any thing else happen than ; or perhaps iroioT/xev, 
 
 should zee do any thing else than. tcpzdpov means properly the athlete 
 
 who, when the number of combatants was uneven, had no one matched 
 against him, and who consequently waited to contend with fresh strength 
 against the already exhausted victor ; hence it denotes secondarily a dan- 
 gerous antagonist. 
 
 § 11. rwv t6t€, cf. 2, 2, 20 ; in this clause understand avr6v as the 
 
 subject of ilvai. r-ftv re . . . exovro, possessing both the military power 
 
 and the country of Cyrus. Cf. Hell. 3, 1, 3. tV 5e fiao~i\e(>>s ovvajAiv, 
 
 sc. Spot). ravTrjv, cf. note on rovrov, 2, 2, 20. 
 
 § 12. offris, that he ; cf. 7, 1, 28. ipa> yap nai, for I will tell also ; 
 
 yap has reference to the thought implied after aAAa (xi)v, but furthermore 
 (we can become useful to you) for etc. ; cf. 3, 2, 11. 
 
 § 13. av itapao-y/Lv has the same subject as vofj-lfa, whom I think that 
 
 1 might render etc. aAAa %Qvr\ ; as the Lycaonians 3, 2, 23 ; the Car- 
 
 duchians 3, 5, 16. Concerning the Mysians see note 1, 6, 7 ; and the 
 
 Pisidians, see note 1, 1, 11 ; and the Egyptians, see note 1, 8, 9. av 
 
 iravaai, I should make to cease. — ■ — ivox^-ovvra agrees with a. • rr/s 
 . . . ovarjs instead of v) tj/ . . . ovffr/, I see not by the use of what allied force 
 you could better punish (them, i. e. the Egyptians) than by using that which is 
 now with me. 
 
 § 14. Observe the difference between rep dat. of rls, and tw the dat. 
 
 of the article. us before /xtyto'Tos is intensive, the very greatest ; before 
 
 BeairSTris, it signifies as. e^s, sc. e^ay rjfxas vicripiras. avaarpi- 
 
 (poio, sc. &v, you might conduct yourself as master etc. ; cf. 1, 6, 2, where &v 
 is expressed with the first optative (in the apodosis) and understood with 
 
 the others. ttjs x^P lT0S t su Ppty eVe«a from the preceding clause. 
 
 ■f)s, object of e^oiyuej/, attracted to the case of the antecedent. 
 
 § 15. to ovo^ia, rls, an unusual form of expression. We should expect 
 either the omission of to uvop.a (in which case it would read, / should most 
 gladly hear icho"), or else to ovo/xa rovrov, oar is (I should most gladly hear 
 tJie name of him who). oeivbs Xeyeiv, skilful or able to speak, i. e. elo- 
 quent. airrjfxd(pdri === aTreKpivaro, in which sense afxe(Po/j.ai (comm. 
 
 with a 1st aor. mid.) is poetic. 
 
 § 16. 'AAAa, see note 1, 7, 6. av belongs to elvai ; Kaicovovs iu 
 
 the nom. agreeing with the subject of elvai ; Gr. § 307, 4. us 5' av 
 
 p.ddr)s, but that you may perhaps (aV) learn. When us or onus denoting a 
 purpose, is followed by the subjunctive, if &v is omitted, the notion of 
 
296 notes. 
 
 simple purpose is denoted, if dv is expressed, the notion of contingency ia 
 added ; (Hermann as cited by Hertlein). Cf. 6, 3, 18. 
 
 § 17. airope?!/ stands here without dv, since a fixed fact is expressed 
 (ova aTropovjxGv) ; in § 18 it stands with dv denoting possible cases (ouk Uv 
 
 airopo'ijj.ev). iv denotes here the means, Gr. § 289, 1. (3.) (a.) 
 
 avTnra<Tx elv depends on kivSvvos, cf. 5, 1, 6. 
 
 § 18. &AAa is best tendered here by the Eng. word or. See L. & S., 
 sub voce II ; cf. 5, 8, 4. Stcnropeuecrfle, cf. note 2, 3, 27. uvra in- 
 stead of elvai, Gr. § 310, 4. (a'.) uvra iropevrea, must be passed ; with 
 
 this belongs v/x?v as agent or doer ; Gr. § 284, 3. (12.) Tapueve<rdai 
 
 . . . /u.dxt<rQou, to divide off (after the manner of a steward) so many of you 
 as we may wish to fight with ; i. e. as the Greeks were crossing a river, they 
 could attack either those who had already passed over or those who were 
 
 left behind, as many or as few as they pleased. avruv, of them, i. e. 
 
 the rivers. Stair opevoifxev ; notice the difference between vopevco and 
 
 TTopevofiaL. 
 
 § 19. el 7]TTcp/j.e8a (optat.), if we should he defeated; a\\a t6 ye 
 
 rot irvp, yet at least (ye) the fire is certainly (roi) etc. ; cf. aAAo . . . ye, 
 3, 2, 3. 
 
 § 20. exovres is conditional and hence takes /xrideva instead of oi/Beva, 
 
 Gr. § 318, 3. dv qualifying e^eAotfxeOa is repeated because the first is 
 
 so far removed from the verb. irpbs freoiv, cf. note on 1, 6, 6. 
 
 § 21. airSpcov earl . . . o'lTives eOeXovai, lit. it belongs to persons without 
 resources etc. who wish ; a mingling of two constructions, awSpcov earl . . . 
 
 ideAeiv, and aTropoi elcnv . . . o'irives edeAovtfi. Kal rovrav Trovrjpdiv, 
 
 and still more (it belongs) to base persons. Cf. note on koI ravra, 1, 4, 12. 
 
 § 22. itfv, accus. absol. ; Gr. § 312, 5 ; cf. 2, 6, 6 ; 3, 2, 26. hA 
 
 rovro rjAOo/xev, we came upon this, i. e. we applied ourselves to this (cf. iirl 
 irav eAOoi, 3, I, 18). The clause reads, why indeed, when it was permitted to 
 
 destroy you, did we not apply ourselves to this ? rovrov, of this, (i. e. the 
 
 fact that we did not undertake to destroy you,) depends on a'lrios. ■ 
 
 rod yeveaOai koX Karafi/jvai depends on epcos ; my earnest desire to become 
 faithful etc. (lit. desire of this that I become etc.); tovtw is the antecedent 
 of S, and the substantive ^evince stands in the relative clause ; Gr. § 332, 
 8 ; and my earnest desire to return, being strong through benefits (conferred), 
 with that mercenary force, with which Cyrus came up etc. My earnest de- 
 sire etc. toas the cause of this (tovtov cutios). juiaOodoo'las and euepye<riq,s 
 are antithetical ; they are in the plural, denoting that the actions signified 
 were performed at different times. 
 
 § 23. ocra, in how many ways, connected with xp^l cri ! j - h Gr. § 279, 7. 
 
 ridpa bpQ{\ : the Persian kings alone wore the upright tiara, while the 
 
 nobilitv wore those which were flexible. r^v 8 ' iwi ry icapdla : by 
 
BOOK II. CHAP. V. 297 
 
 tliis figurative language, Tissaphernes is thought to intimate that he him- 
 self secretly aspired to the throne. It is not necessary, however, to put 
 this construction on the passage ; since it may naturally signify that while 
 the king wore the outward sign of authority, the real power would he in 
 the possession of Tissaphernes if he were supported by the Greeks. After 
 exoi supply dpO-fjv. 
 
 § 24. el-ney, sc. 6 KAeapxos. The aorist elirev comprehends the follow- 
 ing as one whole ; the imperf. ecprj dwells on the presentation of the single 
 and special (Kriiger). Cf. 6, 1, 31 ; 7, 3, 24 ; 7, 6, 41. The Eng. idiom 
 
 scarcely admits of our translating e(p7j. toiovtuv . . . inrapxovTcov, 
 
 gen. abs., while such reasons exist etc. wade?v, without tov, dependent 
 
 on &£ios, cf. 1, 9, 1. 
 
 § 25. o'l re ffrparTjyol Kal ol Xoxayoi, in apposition with the subject 
 
 of (iovXeaOe, sc. ifxeTs. Before i\6e?v Kriiger supposes els \6yovs may 
 
 have fallen from the text. In that case jxol would limit ds \6yovs iXQciv, 
 to come to an interview with me. Kiihner connects iv tw ifjupave? with the 
 foregoing and renders, mihi in conspectum venire, to appear before me. With 
 the text of Hertlein, if no ellipsis be supposed, jxoi must be considered as 
 the dat. in reference to whom the action takes place (Gr. § 284, 3. (10).) ; 
 since a Greek would not say i\9e?v /jloi, to come to me, but i\6e?v irpbs or 
 
 7rapa ifxe. iv tw ifxcpave?, according to Krug. and Herk, openly. Cf. 
 
 iv tm (pavepw, 1, 3, 21. 
 
 § 26. Kal — av, see note 1, 1, 7. oOev, not from whom, since this 
 
 word is not spoken of persons ; but rather, whence, from what source. 
 
 § 27. SrjAos i\v oUixsvos, manifestly supposed. Cf. SrjAos "t\v, 1, 2, 11. 
 
 (piXtK&s SiaKe?<x6al rivi ordinarily means, to have a friendly disposition 
 
 towards any one ; here however in a wider sense it means, to sustain towards 
 any one relations that are mutually friendly, the friendly disposition of Tissa- 
 phernes being the prominent idea. o'l . . . diafidAAovrts, tcho should be 
 
 convicted of calumniating (him, i. e. Tissaphernes). For the construction 
 of av iXeyxdooai, cf. note on iav fx^j 8id<5, 1, 3, 14. The omitted ante- 
 cedent of o'l is subject of ri/xo}p7]6'qvai, and the clause us . . . ovras is in 
 apposition with it : on the ground that they themselves were traitors and evil- 
 minded towards the Greeks. Others consider avrovs the antecedent of dl, 
 and refer for a similar construction to 1, 9, 29 ; 6, 4, 9. 
 
 § 2S. avrw, i. e. Clearchus. ?7 instead of enj ; cf. note on 5mj3p, 
 
 1, 4, 18. 
 
 § 29. irpos iavrbv %x* lv T h v yvd^v, should, direct their attention towards 
 
 himself, implying that they should be devoted to him. ■ avreAeyov — avrS 
 
 p.)] livai Trdvrasy spoJce in opposition to him, that all etc. should not go. For 
 the use of ju^ before Uvai, cf. note on t& /xi] KaTairerpcodrjvai, 1, 3, 2. 
 
 § 30. Karereivev, exerted himself, contendebat. The whole transaction 
 
 13* 
 
2^8 NOTES. 
 
 is differently related by Ctesias cap. 60, according to whom, Clearchus 
 
 was with difficulty persuaded by Menon to go to Tissaphernes. ws eh 
 
 ayopdv, as if to market, consequently without their armor. 
 
 § 31. 'Aylas has not been mentioned before ; cf. note 1, 2, 9. £ttI 
 
 frvpats without the article, as commonly when no qualifying clause is joined 
 to it ; cf. 7, 3, 16. 
 
 § 32. airb rov avrov ffrj/xeiov, from etc., in the Eng. idiom, at the same 
 signal. Cf. airb irapayyeho'eas, 4, 1, 5. — — • cprivi . . . Trdvras, cf. note on 
 oar is . . . irdvras 1, 1, 5. 
 
 § 33. i)pi.<peyv6ovv i from afupiyvoia) ; for the augment see Gr. § 126, 1, 
 and 3. 
 
 § 35. ^aav. Our idiom would hardly admit of the imperf. here, but 
 to be exact we should employ the pluperf., had been. Cf. eiro\i6pitei, and 
 cvveiroXejxei, had besieged etc., 1, 4, 2; r\vdyKa^pv, had compelled, 2, 1, 6. 
 Instances of this sort are not unfrequent. 
 
 § 36. e£ ris, like ocrris, is used as a compound relative : ordered what- 
 ever one there might be ... to approach etc. — ; — airayyeikwai, cf. note on 
 Siafirj, 1, 4, 18. ra, irapa. fiatfiXeoos, cf. 2, 3, 4. 
 
 § 37. 'Opxa/J-evios, not from the Boeotian, but from the Arcadian Or- 
 
 chomenus, since he is also called 'Apicds, 2, 1, 10; 3, 1, 47. aevocpeov has 
 
 been mentioned but once before, 1, 8, 15. ra. irepl Ylpo^evov, the things 
 
 relating to Proxenus, the fate of Proxenus. The common construction for 
 this idea would be to irepl Upo^eyov, cf. 3, 2, 20 ; 1, 6, 8 ; but the gen. 
 stands instead of the accus., owing to the proximity of /xdOoi, by a species 
 of attraction, since /j.a6e?u irepl twos would be the regular construction. 
 So Hert., Kriig., and Kiih. explain it. 
 
 § 38. earrjcrav eh iTT-fjKoov ; a verb of rest followed by a clause denoting 
 
 motion, (having gone) to a place within hearing distance they stood. 
 
 eX ei T V SIkijv, has suffered punishment ; cf. § 41 below ; but in 7, 4, 24, 
 
 e%eiv SiKTjv means, to receive satisfaction. —affaire?; he does not say 
 
 simply aire?. Cf. note on airrjrovv, 1, 2, 11. rod etceivov SovXov, his 
 
 slave ; etceivov is governed by rod dovAov. With elvai and i\<rav supply 
 
 ra oirAa. 
 
 § 39; eAeye, cf. note 2, 3, 21. alo-x^veo-Oe freovs, cf. note on ffi-^vv- 
 
 Ori/Atp, 2, 3, 22. 7)/x?u depends on' robs avrovs, Gr. § 284, 3. (4.) 
 
 vojjue?v, to consider ; fut. of vofiifa, cf. tcaQie?v, 2, 1,4; to consider the same 
 persons . . . whom we do. A common form of expression to denote an 
 
 offensive and defensive alliance. us should not be expressed, but 
 
 owing to his excitement Cleanor forgets that he had just used o'lrtves. To 
 the same excitement must be attributed irpodeSatcores, while irpodSvres 
 had just been expressed. By employing the same anacoluthon in English 
 and by repeating the idea of alo~xvvea9e, we may translate us : are you not 
 
BOOK II. CHAP. VI. 299 
 
 ashamed that you have destroyed the very men to whom you gave your oath, 
 and etc. 
 
 § 40. ydp has reference to some thought not expressed, perhaps in this 
 form, — we are not unjust for etc. Cf. note on ^H yap, 1, 6, 8. 
 
 § 41. diicaiou is here used impersonally ; cf. 3, 1, 37. In like manner 
 S?]\oj/, 3, 1, 16. With both these words, the personal construction is very 
 
 frequent; cf. 1, 2, 11; 2, 5, 27; 2, 6,21^ Up6^vos Kal MeVau/ : 
 
 grammatically they seem to be connected witn the nearest verb, but logic- 
 ally, they seem rather to be the object of irefixl/are. We may imitate the 
 expression thus, But in respect to Pro&enus and Menon, since they are etc. 
 Cf. rj/JieTs, 3, 3, 16. 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 
 Character of the five generals ; particularly of Clearchus, of Proxenus, and 
 
 of Menon. 
 
 § 1. wSy see note 1, 2, 4. airoTfirjOii/Tes ras Ke<pa\ds. From the 
 
 active, aTV0Tep.veiv nvi t)\v KecpaX'fjy, comes the passive, axorefxyeral ris 
 tV Ke(paA-f}v, the ace. of the thing being retained even in the Pass., Gr. 
 § 281, 3. Render, having been beheaded. — - els is in apposition with 
 
 (TTparriyoi. /x4y, the correlative 8e occurs § 16 below. 6p.o\oyov- 
 
 fieuws 4k ivavruv, by the admission of all ; the construction of e/c irdvTuv 
 seems to be determined by 6fio\oyov[A.ii/as (which contains the notion 
 6iJ.o\oyoviievos)+ rather than by 8J£as, having seemed, which would take 
 
 7ra<n. For e/c denoting the agent or doer, see note 1, 1, 6. ra>v . . . 
 
 eX^Twv, those who were familiarly acquainted with him; cf. 1, 9, 1 ; avrou 
 depends on ifxirelpcas, by the same principle that the adjective e/xireipos 
 
 takes the gen., Gr. § 273, 5. (e.) Kal iroXefxiKos Kal (piAoir6tefj.os io~xd- 
 
 tws, both skilled in war and extremely fond of war. Cf. the similar word 
 TToXepLios, hostile ; Tro\e/j.nc6s is defined § 7 below, and (pi\oTr6\e/xos § 6. 
 
 § 2. ir6k€fios, the Peloponnesian war, which commenced 431 B. C, 
 and ended in the spring of 404 B. C, three years and a half before the 
 death of Clearchus. irape/ievej/, he remained, i. e. among the Lacedae- 
 monians. robs EW-nvas, the Greeks who occupied the Thracian Cher- 
 
 sonesus ; cf. 1, 3, 4. Ueptvdov : Perinthus was a city in Thrace on the 
 
 Propontis ; it was afterwards called Heraclea and is now called Eregli. 
 
 •§ 3. /.Lerayv6uTes ttws, having in some way (or for some reasons') changed 
 their mind. — — e£o>, away, i. e. away from Sparta. 'larQ^ov ; the isth- 
 mus of Corinth, since that alone was commonly called 'laO/xos without any 
 
 qualifying word. ivravBa imparts additional emphasis to the member 
 
 of the sentence before which it stands ; cf. 1, 10, 5 ; 3, 4, 25. ovxeri, 
 
300 NOTES. 
 
 no longer, no more as lie had previously done when he remained (§ 2 irapi* 
 /xevev) faithful to Sparta. 
 
 § 4. rooy reXcov, nom. ra reAo?, the magistrates, meaning particularly 
 
 the Ephors. eireicrs sc. /xvpiovs BapeiKovs dovvai. ciAAr? yeypaTrrai, 
 
 has been described elsezuhere ; a mistake on the part of Xenophon, since 
 neither in 1, 1, 9, nor in 1, 3, 3, nor any where else is any thing said on 
 this point. 
 
 § 5. airb . . . xpVfJ-dTOW ; *f. note on airb . . . rdxovs, 2, 5, 7. — — airb 
 
 tovtov, ah eo tempore, inde, Kuh. e<pepe teal %ye ; so in Latin ferre 
 
 and agere, the former being predicated properly of movable effects, the 
 latter of cattle ; hence* when used together they mean, to rob and plunder 
 utterly. They take as object in the accus. either the country or the inha- 
 bitants. TroXe/j.ctiV dieyevero, cf. icrGtoures dieyr fvovro> 1, 5, 6. 
 
 § 6. octtis, see note on o'irives, 2, 5, 21. i£6v, see note 2, 5, 22. 
 
 were iroAe/At'iv, under the condition that he mag carry on war ; Gr. 
 
 § 341, 3. (d), Cf. 5, 6, 26. Sxnrep els ircuSiicd, just as if upon a 
 
 favorite. 
 
 § 7. Tavrrj, adverbial, in this respect. iravraxov irdvres, cf. note, 
 
 1,9,2. 
 
 § 8. oos fivvarbv . . . el^er, as much as possible with such a character as 
 he possessed ; e/c is used somewhat like air6, § 5 above ; aai before iKe?vos 
 as also before aAAos in the next sentence cannot easily be translated into 
 
 English. ojs tls Kcd &Wos, cf. 1, 3, 15. avra) is ethical dat., Gr. 
 
 § 284, 3. (10.) (d.). ifiwoLTjaai, to impress upon. wj . . . KAeapx&>, 
 
 that Clearchus must be obeyed ; Khedpxy here is much more expressive than 
 though he had said simply aimS. 
 
 § 9. in rod %aAe7rbs eivai, from the fact that he was austere^ or simply, 
 by being etc. ; ^aAe7ros, see Gr. § 307, 4. — ■ — dpav arvyvos, repulsive in 
 appearance ; for the construction of the infin. dpav, see Gr. § 306, Rem. 10. 
 
 avra- /.ceTa/ieAe/y, cf. 1, 6, 7. etrfi 3 ore more emphatic than 
 
 Ivlore, as ovSe efs is more emphatic than ovSeis. yucajxr;, with judg- 
 ment, considerately, in opposition to opyij. o'Tpareifxaros . . . ucpehos, 
 
 cf. 1, 3, 11. % 
 
 § 10. e<pacrav, cf. note 1, 9, 23. (pvAafcas (pv\d^eiy, Gr. § 278, 1. 
 
 In English we should say, to keep guard ; cf. 5, 1, 2. . <pi\wy a(pe£ecrdai, 
 
 to refrain from (doing injury to) friends. 
 
 § 11. avrov aKove.iv, to hear to him, to obey him ; Gr. § 273, Rem. 18. 
 
 ff<p65pa, implicitly, cf. C(p6Bpa irei6ojji.£vois, § 13 below. iv ro?s 
 
 irpoacoirots, in his looks. The plural of irpScrcoirov, used of a single person, 
 is chiefly poetical. 
 
 § 12. irpbs &\\ovs, sc. ffTparriyovs. apxo^vovs agrees with the 
 
 subj ct of amevai. For the accus. instead of the dat., cf. not?- on AajSoWa, 
 
BOOK II. CHAr. VI. 301 
 
 1, 2, 1. Render, and it was permitted (to the soldiers) to go away to serve 
 
 wider other (generals). SieKeiyro irpbs avr6y, were disjwsed towards 
 
 him ; u>o-irep . . . SiSdcrKaAoy. It is to be hoped that boys nowadays will 
 not understand this comparison. 
 
 § 13. teal yap oZy, cf. note 1, 9, 8. Teray/xeyoi, sc. irapeTvai avrS. 
 
 virb rov SeTo'Oai, sc. KaT^x^l JLiVO h adhering to him from the fact that they 
 
 were in want. treiOofxeyois agrees as predicate with the object of ixpw 5 
 
 these persons (those described in the former part of the sentence) he made 
 use of obeying (him) implicitly. Cf. iroAefxia, 2, 5, 11. 
 
 § 14. to . . . arpaTic&Tas, lit. the things making the soldiers with him to 
 be useful. — —— to . . . (bofielcOai avrovs, the fact that they feared etc. 
 
 § 15. ov fid\a, = 7}KiGra, a very common litotes. a/j.<pl ra Treyr-ft- 
 
 Koura, cf. note on afi<pl robs Sicrx^ovs, 1, 2, 9 ; see also § 30 below. 
 
 § 16. evObs /xeipaKioi/ &v, cf. evdbs iraides iWes, 1, 9, 4. Yopyias> 
 
 a celebrated sophist and rhetorician from Leontini in Sicily. eScu/ce 
 
 . . . apyvpiov ; in order to obtain instruction from him. 'Apyvpiov 8i86vai 
 rivi often means, to receive instruction from any one ; cf. Symp. 3, 6. 
 
 § 17. avveysvero e/ceu/w, had associated with him, i. e. had received in- 
 struction from him. So cvyyiyveaQai rivi is not unfrequently used ; as also 
 in Latin esse cum aliquo. rots irpcarois, the first, i. e. the most distin- 
 guished men. evepyerwv (particip. of euepyeTeco), cf. the construction 
 
 of ci.Aei-6fj.evoy, 1, 9, 11. 
 
 § 18. rocovTcav . . . o~(p6Bpa, but while desiring so many things intensely. 
 av, on the other hand. avev 8e tovtwv, but without these, i. e. with- 
 out justice and honor. (XT), supply mentally the idea tovtuv rvyxd- 
 
 veiv ; the position of yu.77 renders it particularly emphatic. 
 
 § 19. kavrov objective gen. dependent on aid&, respect for himself. 
 
 intiviti = avTw, except that iiteivca is more emphatic. Cf. note on tueivov, 
 
 2, 2, 8. 
 
 § 20. $ero . . . 80/cety . . . tTraivelv, and he thought it sufficient for being 
 and seeming (to be) competent to command that he should praise etc. 
 
 § 21. 5?}\os i\v iiriQviJL&Vy cf. SrjAos "f\v avi&ixevos, 1, 2, 11. didoitj 
 
 SiKrjy, poenam dare, give satisfaction, i. e. suffer punishment, cf. 4, 4, 14 ; 
 5, 4, 20. 
 
 § 22. wv for ravra u>v. rb ai)Tb r<2 . . . elvai, the same (thing) with 
 
 the being stupid, the same as stupidity. Cf. iv ravrcS rovrois, 3, 1, 27. 
 
 § 23. rovTCf depends on iirifiovAevaiv. Kal . . . KareyeAa implies 
 
 that he was afraid of the enemy. rcov crvv6vT<av irdvrcov depends on 
 
 narayeAwv but must be supplied mentally (in the dat. case) with SieAe- 
 yero : he always conversed zvith his associates as if he were making sport of 
 them all. 
 
 § 24. to twv <piA<ay, the (possessions) of his friends. /xSyos, an 
 
302 NOTES. 
 
 adjunct of the subject of eldevai, cf. Gr. § 307, 4, he supposed that he alone 
 (i. e. he especially, he letter than any body else ; Hert renders fiSuos, unus 
 
 omnium maxime) knew etc. uv, particip. instead of infin. after etSeVcu, 
 
 a verbum sentiendi ; Gr. § 310, 4. a<pv\a.KTa belongs as a predicate 
 
 to tci t&v <pi., because they icere not guarded ; see Gr. § 245, 3. (b.) 
 
 § 25. The antecedent of oaovs, namely irdvras understood is the object 
 of icpofie'iTO, and with this object unrXiffjx^vovs agrees. 
 
 § 26. t<£ i^airarav ZvvaaQai ; tS belongs to Svvaadai, in the ability tc- 
 
 deceive. irXao-aaQai from irXaaaw, an expressive word. t&v airai- 
 
 devToov, connected with elvai, partitive genitive. /cat . . . KT-fi<rao~6ai, 
 
 and those persons with whom he attempted to excel (to occupy the foremost place) 
 in friendship, he thought it necessary to acquire by calumniating their best 
 friends. StajSaAAwj' instead of StajSctAAoj'Ta, by attraction of the subject 
 of $€7-0 just as though Se?;/ were not expressed. Examples of thi3 sort 
 are not uncommon. Cyrop. 5, 2, 17, iirl t$ g[t<$ olovTai 8e?v <pp6viy.oi 
 Kal (xerpioi <paivso~6ai. With robs Trpdrovs siipply from the foregoing <pi- 
 \la, those who are first in friendship, i. e. their best friends ; tovtovs, object 
 of KT-fjffacrOai. 
 
 § 27. to . . . 7rape;£eer0ai depends on i^nxo-varo, he contrived to ren- 
 der etc. 4k tov . . . avro?s denotes the means. evepyealav /careAe- 
 
 yev, he recounted it as a beneficent act that he did not (on . . . ovk . . . ) etc. 
 So Kareteyev is commonly understood ; but Kriig. interprets it thus, he 
 spoke against, he spoke with complaint of his beneficent conduct in that he did 
 not etc. 
 
 § 28. 'ApiaTiirirq?, cf. 1, 1, 10, and 1, 2, 6. 'Apialy depends on 
 
 oliceioTaTOs. ?;5ero, sc. 'Apicuos. ai>Tos 5e, but he himself, i. e. 
 
 Menon. ysuei&vTa (particip. from yeveidoo), having already arrived 
 
 at manhood ; agrees with Qapvirav. The disgusting vice here alluded to 
 is described in the Epistle to the Romans, ch. 1, verse 27. An uglier 
 portrait than that of Menon has seldom been drawn on a small 
 scale. 
 
 § 29. ire-iroiwKws ovk aireOave, sc. Mevav. airoTp.-f]64vT€s ras Kecpa- 
 
 Aas, cf. § 1 above. us belongs simply to irovnp6s not to Aeyercu. 
 
 § 30. Kal tovto), lit. these also, is most conveniently rendered by the 
 
 Eng. word likewise; cf. Kal tovtovs, 1, 1, 11. eis (piAiav, in respect 
 
 to friendship ,- i. e. for a want of fidelity in their relations to friends. 
 
BOOK III. CHAP. I. 303 
 
 BOOK THIRD. 
 
 "Oca irapafiavTOS ras o-irovSas {tacriXcws Kal Ticrcratpepvovs eiroXefx^drj 
 irpbs robs "EAAyvas iiraKoXovOovvros rod TieptriKov (TTpaTevfiaros. — Hostili- 
 ties between the Persians and Greeks after the treaty was broken, with an 
 account of the march from the river Zabatas to tho Carduchian moun- 
 tains. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 The Greeks are in the greatest dejection. Xenophon, waking from a 
 remarkable dream, rouses first the captains of Proxenus and urges 
 them to immediate action. The other captains and the surviving 
 generals are then called, and after deliberation in which Xenophon 
 takes a conspicuous part, they conclude to elect new generals in place 
 of those who were taken by the Persians. 
 
 § 1. "O^a . . . fidxys indicates the subject of the first book ; oaa . . . 
 ottoi/Sous,- the subject of the second book. — — iv reus cnrovScus, during the 
 treaty, is to be joined with iyevero. 
 
 § 2. ol arparriyoi ; not all of the generals, but those only who are men- 
 tioned in 2, 5, 31. ■ iirl reus fiatr. frvpeus, cf. note 2, 4, 4. On i^aav 
 
 (and the verbs in the following clauses dependent on iuyoov/xfuot), see note 
 
 on the construction of earpaTOTreSevero, 2, 2, 15. kvkXw is not always 
 
 to be taken in the strict sense (cf. 1, 5, 4), hence it is often joined with 
 
 Trdurr), or iravraxf). iroAAa and iroX4[xiai belong both to tOvn and 
 
 ir6\eis, there were around them on every side many both nations and cities 
 (that were) hostile. When connected nouns have a common attributive, it 
 is expressed with each only when perspicutity or emphasis requires ; other- 
 wise it is expressed but once, and agrees in form with the nearest nouu ; 
 
 cf. Gr. § 242, Rem. 4. ayopdv, cf. note 2, 3, 24. f.tvpia crrd^ta : 
 
 i. e. by the most direct route ; by the circuitous way in which they had 
 
 come it was considerably more ; cf. 2, 2, 6. viKwvres, in case they 
 
 should be victorious. ^Trdo/xai, I am vanquished, is regularly used for the 
 pass, of viicdu). 
 
 § 3. 6\iyoi, Jew, not a few ; it belongs to ivvoov/xevot as an apposition 
 
 of the part to the whole. ets, cf. note 1, 7, 1. to. oirAa, lit. the 
 
 heavy armor, by meton. the place where the heavy armor was stacked, 
 
 hence the encampment ; cf. 2, 2, 20 eTvyx^yev, sc. &v, happened to be. 
 
 The particip. is often omitted with rvyxdvziv, especially in relative clauses. 
 
304: NOTES. 
 
 TrarpiSwv . . . iraitiav ; notice the asyndeton. Cf. note on ixprovs k.t.A, 
 
 2, 4, 28. 
 
 § 4. avrSs is intensive (as always in the nom.) ; it belongs also to the 
 subj. of von'ifav rather than to that of e<pr} ; thus, whom he said that he him- 
 self deemed etc. • Kpetrrco, letter, of more value, agrees with ov which 
 
 relates to Kvpce. 
 
 § 5. fM-fi, lest, or that, the notion oi fearing being contained in viroirrev- 
 
 aas. [x)] . . . yeveadai, that the becoming a friend to Cyrus might be 
 
 some occasion of accusation on the part of the city. oti introduces the 
 
 reason ; because. o'v/xTroXe/.tTicrai ; particularly during the last years 
 
 of the Peloponnesian war. tXdSvra, see Gr. § 307, 2. Cf. XafiSi'Ta, 
 
 1, 2, 1. 
 
 § 6. oi.u is repeated ; cf. 4, 6, 13. rty 6S6v, accus. of cognate 
 
 meaning, Gr. § 278, 2. icaXws irpd^as, cf. note on irpd^eiav, 1, 9, 10. 
 
 frecus instead of &eovs ; an instance of inverse attraction. For the 
 
 response of the oracle, see 6, 1, 22. 
 
 § 7. ov stands before tovto instead of yjpcara, because the points in the 
 antithesis are ov tovto — aXXa. . . . tovto . . . ; cf. note on ov, 1, 4, 5. 
 
 tovto regularly refers to what precedes ; but when an exegetical 
 
 clause (introduced by 'oti, oos, or as here, in the form of an indirect ques- 
 tion) is added to it, then it has reference to wbat follows. Weov elvai, 
 
 that he must go ; Gr. § 284, 3. (12.) ijpov from r]p6/xr}y, aor. of 
 
 epcoTocu. 
 
 § 8. ols aveiXev, sc. frveo'dai. opfiau t))v b\v<a 6d6v, to set out on the 
 
 march upward, accus. of kindred signification ; cf. eXOoi t\\v 656v § 6 above. 
 crvueaTad-r] (from awio-Trip-i), was introduced. 
 
 § 9. aviJ.irpovdvjj.e7TO, joined in soliciting. oti . . . airoxe/xxpeiy. A 
 
 clause introduced with 6Vt or &s is occasionally by anacoluthon finished 
 with an infinitive instead of a finite mode. Cf. us . . . irapaduo'eiv, 7, 5, 8. 
 iireidav Taxio'Ta, as soon as. els TLiaidas ', cf. note 1, 1, 11. 
 
 § 10. fjdei, sc. 6 Tlpo^ej/os. ofxcos, nevertheless, i. e. notwithstanding 
 
 their fear and unwillingness. ol iroXXoi, the most (of them). Some 
 
 according to 1, 4, 7, left the army at that time. Si' alcrx Vi/ W Kal «*.- 
 
 x4]Xa>v k.t.X., from a feeling of shame both towards one another etc. ; aXXfi- 
 Xojv and Kipov are objective gen. ; cf. note on eavrov, 2, 6, 19. 
 
 §11. virvov Xax&v (from Aayxayco) ; for the government of virvov, see 
 
 Gr. § 273, 3. (b.) (7.) edo£ev : an instance of asyndeton, such as is 
 
 very common ; when a sentence more fully explains what the foregoing 
 
 expresses in general terms ; cf. 4, 3, 8 ; 4, 7, 10. irucrav, se. t))i> 
 
 oiidav : it seemed that all the house. To correspond with the foregoing 
 personal construction, iSo^ev . . . o-K7]-kt6s, a thunderbolt seemed, we should 
 have here iracra, all the house seemed. Cf. 1, 4, 18, i56Kei. 
 
BOOK III. CHAP. I. 305 
 
 § 12. avnyepQn (from avcyelpa), was aroused, av;o7ce. iry /jl4v . . . irfj 
 
 8e, in one respect . . . but in another respect. I5e?v e5o£e, he seemed to 
 
 see, it appeared to him in a dream that he saw. /xt] ov Svvcutd, lest he 
 
 should not be able, is to be connected with i(pof}e?TO. 
 
 § 13. biro76v ti k.t.A. But of what import it is to have (lit to see) such 
 
 a dream, it is permitted to discover etc. irpurov fxiv ; the correlative 
 
 clause is e'/c tovtov § 15. et'/cos ; eVri is regularly omitted with this 
 
 adjective. iirl fiacriXe?, cf. 1, 1, 4. ri ipirodu"', SO. e'ern, what is 
 
 in the way, what hinders ; this question is equivalent to ovSev ifnroSwi/ ; 
 and hence it is followed by the two negatives fx^i ov, which according to 
 the English idiom we render simply that. Gr. § 318, 10 ; cf. p.)} ov, 2, 3, 
 11. iirtd6vTas, having lived to see ; cf. 7, 1, 30 ; 7, 6, 31. 
 
 § 14. ottus k.t.A., but how we shall defend ourselves etc. H^ v i c ^* 
 
 note 2, 5, 22. iroiav fjXiiciav ; see Introduction § 1. 
 
 § 15. e'/c tovtov, cf. note 1, 3, 11. foSpes, cf. note 1, 3, 3. — 
 
 ovts . . . ovtc, neither . . . nor ; oiide, not even. v/xeTs, sc. Svvaade 
 
 icadevdeiv. iv o'lois eVyueV, in what (dangerous) circumstances we are. 
 
 § 16. d?j\ov or i although written in two words is often employed as 
 an adverb, in the sense manifestly ; and is not unfrequently introduced in 
 
 the midst of the clause ; cf. § 35 below. irp6Tepov . . . irpij/, cf. note 
 
 on TrpSadeu . . . irpiv, 1, 1, 10. ov . . . i%£$T\vav (from itc<paii/<i>), did 
 
 not declare. aycwiov/xtda (from ayowi^oo), Gr. § 117. 
 
 § 17. iKpUaBai, to be negligent, to yield. iirl /3a(nAe?, cf. note on 
 
 iirl tw, 1, 1, 4. os is causal, since he, or, from him who ; it introduces 
 
 the reason for the question, " what do we think we shall suffer ? " ical 
 
 tov . . . /cat too ; the repetition of the article and also of the conjunction 
 
 gives more prominence to^each adjective. xa\ tzBvtikotos i]5ri, even 
 
 when already dead. This in the mind of a Greek would greatly heighten 
 
 the abuse. Cf. Herodot. 7, 238. ttju x^P a 'i T W 8e£tdV, 1, 10, 1. 
 
 7}fias subject of 7ra0e<V. Regularly when the subject of the infin. is the 
 same as the subject of the governing verb, it is omitted with the infin. ; 
 Gr. § 307, 4. Here however it is expressed and also stands first in the 
 sentence as being the emphatic word; Kriig. and Hert. are inclined to 
 consider the construction an anacoluthon, the sentence commencing as 
 though it should have ended with Troi?iacu <xvt6v instead of izadeiy ; — an 
 
 improbable explanation. eVrpareucrajuei' Se k.t.K. ; an independent 
 
 sentence joined to a relative clause. Render, who made an expedition 
 against him etc. us . . . iroirjTovTes, cf. note on us, 1, 1, 2. 
 
 § 18. ap' ovk . . . eA0o/, would he not have recourse to every means ; iiri 
 
 irav iA6e?v = -navTO. iroiricrai at the end of the §, and in § 35. almaa.- 
 
 fxevos implies both ignominy and suffering : to. eV^ctTa aiKiaajxevos, having 
 insulted and tormented us to the lost degree ; to. eVxara is the object of aiKiff-. 
 
306 NOTES. 
 
 rod ffrpaTevffcu k.t.X. depends on <p6fSov. eV e/cefjxjj, cf. im 
 
 PcuriXe?, § 17. -iroi-nriov, see Gr. § 284, 3. (12.) 
 
 § 19. diaOeca/xevos . . . ex 0l€V i considering in respect to them how exten- 
 sive a country and what sort of a country they possessed ; aiirwy depends on 
 the following relative clause considered logically as a single word. — — 
 Xpv<rbv 5e, without a repetition, of the relative ogov ; as in § 40. d>s. a9v- 
 
 fjLWS fj.ev . . . aOvficos Se : not ws a6v/j.cos 5e. eo-Qr,ra, like Latin vestis, 
 
 Eng. apparel, has a collective signification. 
 
 § 20. SirSre iu6v l uoi/j.'/]j/, whenever I considered. The optat. is here 
 
 iterative ; cf. note 1, 5, 2. on . . . ovdeuhs rjpuv fxereirj, that we shared 
 
 in nothing of etc. ; Gr. § 273, 3. (h.) otov, the means with which ; gen. 
 
 of price ; Gr. § 273, 2. (c.) tfSeiv ixovras, TTcnew that few 
 
 longer possessed etc. opuovs . . . 7],ua<>, sc. tf8eiv,I knew that our oaths 
 
 restrained us; iropi^vQai with its complement depends on nar exovras. — — 
 ivlore qualifies epo^ov/j.rju. 
 
 § 21. ravra to. ayaOd, these good things (above enumerated). a9\a 
 
 is a predicate : as prizes. Supply tovtuv before oTrSrepoi, (for those) 
 whichever party of us etc. The allusion to their national games would be 
 very inspiring to the Greeks. 
 
 § 22. avrovs, them, i. e. the gods ; iiriopKe7y &eovs is analogous to 
 
 oy.vvvai heovs. Gr. § 279, 4. ray frewy opttovs, cf. 2, 5, 7. iro\v 
 
 qualifies pei^ovi : cf. 1, 5, 2 ; 3, 2, 15. 
 
 § 23. en 5e, furthermore ; cf. 3, 2, 28. exopt-ev . . . exofiey ^ Ka ^ 
 
 In anaphora, p.ev is generally wanting when the second member has Se 
 /ecu ; when the second member has only Se, fxev is commonly expressed 
 
 with the first. ■ ^XV Ka ^ ^ctATTTj, cold and heat. The plural is used in 
 
 Greek denoting what had been experienced at different times and in dif- 
 ferent degrees. avv toIs &eols, with the assistance of the gods. The 
 
 frequency and the apparent reverence with which Xen. refers to the gods 
 are worthy of notice. ol &v§pes is here spoken of the enemy. 
 
 § 24. &AAa belongs to p)] apapJvup.ev, but since others also are probably 
 
 considering these things, let us not etc. irpSs, Gr. § 298, 2. (c.) 
 
 irapaKaKovvres, like crvyKaXovpev, § 46, is future; Gr. § 117. rov 
 
 i^op/xr/crai depends on &p£w/j.ev. Gr. § 271, 4. (pavnre : for a similar 
 
 asyndeton, cf. fafiev, 6, 5, 21. 
 
 § 25. iydo, cv, T\p.e7s, and vpt.e?s are often much less emphatic than ego, 
 
 tu, nos, and vos. Kriig. ovSev . . . 7\\iK.lav, I do not allege my age as any 
 
 excuse ; cf. § 14. ipvuetv is chiefly poetic. 
 
 § 26. i\v fioMtiTiafav t?7 (pcovfj' ovtos 5' elirev, instead of the simpler 
 and more common form of expression /Jcuwna^W t>7 (puuy elirev. Cf. note 
 
 1 , 9, 14. aAAcos 7rcos . . . $ : cf. § 20 above. awrvpias Uv rudely, 
 
 that he could obtain safety. el Si/youro, sc. rov fiacriXea ireiffai. 
 
BOOK III. CHAP. I. 307 
 
 § 27. /j-cra^v vwoXafidjv, interrupting (him) in the midst (of his remarks). 
 — — ov8e . . . ovSe (is far more emphatic than ofrre . . . ofai), not even . . . 
 
 nor indeed. roury tovtois, in the same place with these. Cf. note on 
 
 7HJUV, 2, 5, 39. For an explanation of the allnsion, see 2, 1, 8. ^€70 
 
 <ppov!)cas, having become proud. tirl tovtcc, on account of this, — the 
 
 death of Cyrus. 
 
 § 28. ri ovk £irolr)(rej/, xchat did he not do, expresses in the form of a 
 question the same idea as ttolvt' iirotrjo'e in a direct form. Cf. § 18 above. 
 
 § 29. avrols, i. e. to?s Hepaais, implied in fiao'tXevs expressed above. 
 
 Cf. note on ol 5e, 1, 10, 4. ov vvv . . . SvvavTai, are they not now, the 
 
 wretched men, though beaten . . . , unable even to die ; being prevented, as 
 he seems to imply, from putting an end to their existence by their being 
 
 bound. Kal /j.d\' . . . ipwuTes tovtov, even though passionately longing 
 
 for it. tovtov, i. e. tov airo8ave?v. iraXiv is comm. understood as 
 
 qualifying iretdeiv . . . \6vTas ; Grote however understands it as qualifying 
 /ceAevets. 
 
 § 30. /x-fjTe . . . T6, cf. note 2, 2, 8. ■ irpoo-iecrOai, to be admitted. 
 
 els TavTo 7]fxiv avTols: for the construction, cf. iv TavTu> tovtois § 27 above. 
 
 cupeAoju.ei'ovs and avaBevTas agree with T^xas understood, the subject 
 
 of xpv°~8 ai ' &s tolovtco, as such a person ; one on whom they had 
 
 placed baggage (ffKev-n avaQevTas). 
 
 § 31. ToiiTai . . . TTJs BoicoTias irpoo"f)icei ovdev, there belongs to this fellow 
 
 nothing of Boeotia. Gr. § 273, 3. (b.) (7.} a/j.<p6Tepa . . . TeTpvirr]- 
 
 /j.4vov, having both ears bored. For the construction, cf. note on aTroTfiri- 
 QivTes tols K€(pa\ds, 2, 6, 1. The practice of boring the ears was regarded 
 with abhorrence by the Greeks ; and as belonging only to the barbarians. 
 Kal €?xej/ ovtws, and so it was. The Greeks discovered this on ex- 
 amination. 
 
 § 32. ofy 0170 ) was 9 one i o^X ^ " an< ^ V Kb > though present in form are 
 perfect in meaning. 
 
 §33. t& irp6o f Bev twv oivKav, the front of the encampment ; the place 
 
 where the arms were stacked ; cf. note 2, 2, 20. On iyzvovTo and 
 
 a.f.c(pl toxjs k.t.A., cf. note 1, 2, 9. fieaai vvktcs, cf. note 1, 7, 1. 
 
 § 31. Kal avroTs avveXBeiv, both to come together ourselves ; ai>TO?s in 
 
 apposition with rjfuu. airep . . . r)[xas, sc. e\e£as, the very things which 
 
 (you said) to us also. 
 
 § 35. TavTa jueV has nothing properly corresponding to it in what fol- 
 lows ; since with rjfuv 5e a different turn is given to the sentence from what 
 would have been suggested by TavTa /j.4v. Sf/Aoy oti, cf. note § 16 above 
 
 § 36. /xeyiffToy . . . Kaipov, a most important opportunity. adv/xous, 
 
 sc. vvras. 
 
 § 37. lam in courteous language was used by the Greeks even where 
 
308 NOTES 
 
 no actual doubt existed. dl/caiou, cf. note 2, 5, 41. — — vfias . . . rout 
 
 rooy, that xce surpass them somewhat. vfie?s . . » ifxeis : the anaphora 
 
 without /x4y and 5e is far more emphatic than with these particles. ■ 
 Xp'^aai : the officers received higher pay than the common soldiers ; cf. 
 
 7, 2, 86. rovTOiV depends on iirAeoveKTelre, Gr. § 275. 1. a£iovv 
 
 . . . avrovs, it is becoming that you consider yourselves etc. 
 
 § 38. el . . . avTiKaraffTaQwcriv, if you would see that instead of those who 
 have perished . . . be appointed ; oirws after iiri(j.eA4o}Acu, fieAei and verbs 
 of similar meaning, is more commonly followed by the fut. indie. ; yet 
 here we have the subjunct. and in 1, 8, 13 ; 2, 6, 8 ; 7, 7, 44, the optat. 
 
 ws cvveXSuTi eliruv, to speak briefly, to comprehend all in one word ; 
 
 properly to say it when one has brought the whole together into a small compass. 
 With ffvvehoPTi we are not to understand \6yq>, but rather the dat. of a 
 
 person. See Gr. § 284, 3. (10.) (a.) Zv Se 8)7 .. . iravT&iracnv, but 
 
 above all in. military achievements ; supply mentally auev yap . . . y4vono. 
 
 § 39. iireidav 8e k.t.A.. . . . ty Kal k.t.K., but when you shall have etc. 
 • • • if you will also etc. For &v with the aor. subjunct., see Gr. § 255, 
 Rem. 9. rrdvu Zv Kaipw, very seasonably. 
 
 § 40. aOvfioos 8e, cf. note § 19 above. Zxovtccv, cf. note on Ioj/tcou, 
 
 1, 4, 12. o, ri : cf. note on ri, 1, 3, 18. Seot ri : sc. xpv°'^ at w ^ n 
 
 which tl is connected, as o, ti with xpv^aiTO. 
 
 § 41. ri ireiffovTai. Recollect that ireicrofxai from Trdcrx® takes the 
 accus. ; but Treicrofxai from ireiQa, the dat. 
 
 § 42. 7] . . . ivoiovffa, that which achieves etc., is the subject of Zo*tiv, 
 and is fem. on account of its proximity to icrx^s. It is easier in rendering 
 it to follow the Greek order, that it is neither d multitude etc. . . . which 
 
 achieves etc. ws iirl rb iroKv,for the most part, generally. ol> Sexov- 
 
 rai, do not receive, i. e. the enemy do not sustain the attack of such 
 persons. 
 
 § 43. ixaa-Tevovo-i : a word chiefly poetic, which however Xen. employs 
 
 several times. Zk iravTos rp6irov, by every means, at all events. £r)v 
 
 (from £ao>), Gr. § 137, 3. tovtovs is the antecedent of oitoaoi Se, as 
 
 oZroi jxiu is the antecedent of 6ir6o~oi fxev. ixa\\6v ttws . . . h<piKvov- 
 
 fxevovs, in some way rather (i. e. more frequently) arriving etc. didyov- 
 
 ras, living, agrees with tovtovs. 
 
 § 44. avTOvs, is intensive, should not only be brave men ourselves but etc. 
 irapaKaAew, sc. avSpas ayadovs eluai. 
 
 § 45. togovtov . . . oo~ov, in so far . . . as. ^AO-qyalov e.Vaj, sc. tre, 
 
 that you were an Athenian. oti qualifies irAeio~TOvs ; cf. note on 6Vt, 
 
 1, 1, 6. 
 
 § 46. atpeTaOe, imperat., do ye who need choose etc. cvyKaAodfify, 
 
 cf. note on irapaKaKovvTes § 24 above. 
 
BOOK III. CHAP. II. 309 
 
 § 47. ret Seoura, the subj. both of jitWoiro and of irepaivoiTO : that the 
 
 necessary business might not be postponed but etc. Aapdauevs : from 
 
 Dardanus, a city of Troas, south of Abydus. KAeavwp was already 
 
 o~Tpa.TT)y6s according to 2, 5, 37. We are to suppose therefore that the 
 soldiers of Agias were united with those of Cleanor. 
 
 CHAP. n. 
 
 The whole army being called together, Chirisophus and Cleanor first ad- 
 dress the soldiers briefly, and after them Xenophon harangues the 
 assembly at considerable length and with great skill ; he concludes by 
 proposing the order of march which is approved by all. 
 
 § 1. t€ . . . Kai. Gr. § 321, 1. (c.) im£<paive, intrans., cf. 4, 2, 7; 
 
 4, 3, 9 : day was almost beginning to dawn: KaTaCTTjcrayras, cf. note on 
 
 XafS6vra, 1, 2, 1. irpaiTov p.iv corresponds with iirl tovtcj) § 4; cf. 
 
 note on trp&rov p.4v, 3, 1, 13. 
 
 § 2. 6tt6t€ is here causal, since, inasmuch as. (rrepSfieOa, are de- 
 prived of, have lost and are now destitute of. For the difference in mean- 
 ing between this and the cognate forms o'repeofj.ai, arepicKOfxai, see L. & 
 
 5. sub ffrepoixai. irpbs 5 ' en, and besides. In Attic prose only the 
 
 preposition irp6s is thus used without a case, i. e. as an adverb ; Kriig. Gr. ; 
 cf. Cyrop. 2, 1, 31. ol a/xcpl 'Apicuov, 2, 4, 2. 
 
 § 3. e'/c tcov irap6vT(i3V . . . i\6e?u, to go forth from the present (difficul- 
 ties). et Se fi-fj, but otherwise, i. e. el 5e p.r) KaXcos uiKuvres o~a>cr6fj.e6a. 
 
 aWa . . . airodvrjo'KCDy.eu, yet at least lei us die nobly. 61a. . . . ttolt]- 
 
 aeiav, quae utinam faciant. 
 
 § 4. iirl tovto), after him ; cf. 6, 1, 11 ; 7, 3, 14. oaris, not the 
 
 same as os : a man who, such a man that he. yeirwv . . . ttjs 'EAAaSos, 
 
 cf. 2, 3, 18. Trcpl irAeicTTou, cf. note 1, 9, 7. av : the condition, 
 
 to which this particle must be referred, lies particularly in auiaai : saying 
 that he would make it an object of the highest importance to rescue us (if he 
 
 should be able to rescue us). Cf. note 1, 6, 2. abros (recollect that 
 
 it is always intensive iu the nom.) before i^a-rraTTjo-as belongs in idea both 
 
 to the verb and particip. Notice particularly the anaphora. 5/j.oTpd- 
 
 Tre£os, see 2, 5, 27. Thus he became a £eVos towards Clearchus, and 
 
 hence his offence was particularly against Zeis £eV*os. avro?? tovtols, 
 
 by these very means. 
 
 § 5. fia<ri\€a KadiffTcivai : cf. 2, 1 / 4. Kal iBcoKaixeu Kal iXajSofxev : 
 
 the Eng. idiom requires a fuller expression, e. g. (to whom) we gave and 
 
 (from whom) we received etc. ; cf. note on larpaTzvaaixtv, 3, 1, 17. 
 
 Kal ovtos ', cf. noto on ku\ ravras, 1, 10, 18. ixSicrrovs : an adject. 
 
310 NOTES. 
 
 in the superlat. degree, used as a substantive ; and as such governing 
 exe'ivov, his bitterest enemies. 
 
 § 6. aXha. . . . a-KoricaivTo, but may the gods punish them as they deserve ,- 
 ai:6 in comp. with ricraifTO denotes the idea deserved or due ; cf. airyTovi/j 
 1, 2, 11 ; aTToBvovaiv, § 12 below. 
 
 § 7. opQus %x eiv -> that it was right, depends on vojxifav. £v tovtois, 
 
 in these, i. e. in his most beautiful armor. 
 
 § 8. dia (pLAias Uvai, lit. to go through friendship, i. e. to be friendly ; 
 dia iravrbs iroXe/jLov levcu, lit. to go through perpetual war, i. e. to be perpe- 
 tually at war ; Gr. § 291, 1. (1.) (b.) robs crpar-nyobs . . . ola tt€tt6u- 
 
 Qacnv, seeing the generals what they have suffered (a construction called 
 anticipation or prolepsis) ; in an Eng. idiom, seeing what the generals etc. 
 
 Cf. note on twv fiapfiapcav, 1, 1, 5. avu ro?s oir\ois, cf. note on cbv 
 
 tovtois, 2, 1, 12. wv — rovrwy a, for those things which ; the gen. 
 
 depends on Slktjv. 
 
 § 9. oluvSs, an omen. For an account of the various kinds of omens, 
 see Die. Antiqq. art. Divinatio, p. 517. The omen says Xen. occurred 
 while we were speaking -rrepl ffoorripias, hence it was thought to be from 
 
 Zeus Soter. rod Alos tov crcoTripos. An appellative attached to the 
 
 name of a god is commonly placed after the name ; and as the appellative 
 is of the nature of an adjective, the article is either placed before both or 
 is omitted with both. Hert. ; cf. 4, 8, 25 ; 6, 1, 22 ; 7, 6, 41 ; yet 6, 2, 
 15, is an exception. For the construction of appellatives with other proper 
 
 names, see Gr. § 244, 7, Rem. 5. ev£ao'Qcu depends on done?. 
 
 o-trov, when or where ; it includes both ideas. Cf. ZvQa, 5, 1, 1. ava- 
 
 reipdra) r^v x^P a i ^ ^iin raise the hand. The Greeks voted in all of the 
 various ways which are common among us, by the voice, by raising the 
 hand, by ballot, and by a division of the assembly. For the last-named 
 method, cf. Thucyd. 1, 87. Raising the hand (xeiporovia, xetpoToj/elV, 
 SiaxeipoTOj/ia, ZiaxeipoTovziv), being both the easiest and the most un- 
 equivocal method, was also the most common. 
 
 § 10. iiria>pK7}Kacri, have been guilty of perjury, in that they took the 
 oath with the intention of breaking it : robs opuovs \e\vKacnv, have broken 
 their oaths, have actually carried into effect that which they intended to do 
 
 when they took the oaths. lyovruiv gen. abs., things being thus. 
 
 With elfcos, S/)Aoy, ol6v re, used impersonally, lari is often omitted ; and 
 oftener still with avdyKt]. 
 
 § 11. e7r€iTa 5e. That which would naturally follow these words is 
 
 joined by an anacoluthon to the sentence introduced by yap. ava\xi- 
 
 \ivr\o-K(d takes two accusatives vjxas and robs Kivftvvovs. Gr. § 280, 3. 
 
 cra^ovTai re . . , ol ayadot, and that the brave are delivered etc. i\6oi/- 
 
 rav . . . Tlepauv, for tchen the Persians came ,• \xiv is here a correlative 
 
BOOK III. CHAP II. 311 
 
 of tirciTa § 13. Allusion is evidently made to the invasion in 490, B. C, 
 
 when the Persians for the first time landed in Greece. cr6\y, cf. note 
 
 on cbv t<5 0-TpaTev/j.aTi, 1, 7, 1. atyavLovvruv fut. of a<pavi£o}. Gr. 
 
 §117. us . . . 'Adrivas, as if to blot Athens out of existence again ; 
 
 avOis not implying any previous destruction of the city, but simply that it 
 should ao-ain become the same as it was before it had any existence. 
 
 § 12. eb^d/xeuoi belongs logically to e$ol-ev, as though perhaps expvcpi- 
 aavTo or some similar word were used/ The anacoluthon is less notice- 
 able, inasmuch as both KaraKavoiey and etx°v intervene. ovk eix ov i 
 
 had not (the ability), were not able. The number of Persians who fell in 
 the battle of Marathon, accordiugto Herod. 6, 117, was 6400 ; but accord- 
 ing to the representation of Xen. it must have been much greater, else the 
 
 Athenians would already have ceased making the annual offerings. 
 
 airodvovGiv. The sacrifices had been promised to the goddess and hence 
 were considered due (&7ro-). Cf. note on diroTio'auTo, § 6 above. 
 
 § 13. tt?j> (before duapid/x-nTOv) the (well known), that. fjxdev in 
 
 480 B. C. koX r6re, then also (as well as in the battle of Marathon, 
 
 ten years before). ecrrt, Gr. § 35, 1. a\\d, but only ; cf. 1, 4, 18 ; 
 
 6,4,2. 
 
 § 14. ob [xev 8-f) : cf. note 1, 9, 13. ipaj fut., comm. referred to 
 
 (pv/xi as a present. aAA' . . . acp' ov, but there are not yet many days 
 
 since ; supply in this clause elciv, which in adverbial formulas of this 
 nature is not commonly expressed. ft 
 
 § 16. avrSiv depends on direipoi : Gr. § 273, 5. (e.) d;xerpov, sc. 
 
 iv x cf. note on [xeards, 1, 10, 18. els civtovs properly signifies (says 
 
 Kriig.), into the midst of them, stronger than eni : cf. 4, 3, 29 ; 4, 5, 18. 
 -rreipav . . . avTcov : cf. note on K.vpov ireipa, 1, 9, 1. 
 
 § 17. /iTjSe . . . 5o|77Te, nor imagine. In prohibitions, /xr] is used with 
 
 the present imperat. or aor. subjunct. ; cf. 6, 6, 18. [xeiou ex^iv, that 
 
 you are inferior, that you suffer disadvantage ; cf. fxeTov ix (av i 1> -^, 8. 
 
 el, that ; see L. & S. et, II. ol Kvpeioi, the forces of Cyrus, meaning 
 
 of course the barbarian forces. yovv confirms the foregoing assertion 
 
 by an undeniable fact. irpbs eice'ivovs, i. e. robs vcp' rj^ui/ r,Trri^.evovs. 
 
 § 18. iv9vfj.r}6r]T€, do ye consider. We should expect, from the fore- 
 going el Se ris . . . ddv/xe?, the 3d pers. sing. evQv^riQ^roi. 
 
 § 19. rwv lirirewv is governed by the comparative degree. iroXv 
 
 qualifies aacpaXeo-Tepov ; though removed from it by several words, the 
 
 arrangement is not unusual. PeffnKOTes, standing firm ; cf. Oecon. 8, 
 
 17, where this word is predicated of a house. otov depends on Teu£o- 
 
 f.ieQa. evl fj.6vca, in one thing alone. irpoexovaiv rj/xas : irpoexeiv 
 
 regularly governs the gen., Gr. § 275, 1 ; yet in Eurip. Hippol. 1365, it 
 also takes the accus. coacppocrvi/r) ttuvtcls vrrepex^v. 
 
312 NOTES. 
 
 § 20. tovto, at this, viz. on k.t.X. ; for the construction, cf. ovSev, 1, 
 
 1, 8. Kpetrrov, sc. icrTiv. ovs . . . &vb*pas = robs &vdpas (^7'€- 
 
 I-lovcs ex6(i/) ovs. For the antecedent in the relative clause, cf. note 1, 2, 
 
 1. eiaovrai, see olda, Gr. § 195. ras eavrSiv ipvx&s ncd crdifaara. 
 
 When the gender of two connected nouns is different, the article is seldom 
 omitted with the second noun. 
 
 § 21. irorepov, sc. o~ice\pao~9e, consider whether. t\s, ohject of irape?- 
 
 Xov, hut attracted to the case of the antecedent. iroXXov apyvpiov, foi 
 
 much money. Cf. the construction of orov, 3, 1, 20. -? exovras agrees 
 
 with the subject of uve?a8ai, ^[xas understood. avrovs is intensive, 
 
 agreeing with the implied subj. of Xapfiaveiv, or that we ourselves should 
 take (provisions). 
 
 § 22. el . . . tcpdrrova, lit. but if you Jcnoio these things that they are bet- 
 ter ; cf. note on rusv {Sapfidpwv . . . Sos, 1, 1, 5. airopov : cf. note on 
 
 (poftepcorarov 2, 5, 9. na\ . . . Siafiavres, and if you think that you have 
 
 been greatly deceived in having crossed (them). crKe\pao~6e, el : after 
 
 verbs of doubting, considering and the like, the Greeks used simply el, not 
 only to denote improbability, but also probability, where we should employ 
 
 a negative : so here, whether the barbarians have not etc. &pa, see Gr. 
 
 § 324, 3. irpoiovai, to (persons) advancing ; Gr. § 281, 3, 10. 
 
 § 23. jUvjTe . . . re : cf. 2, 2, 8. 5l^o-ovctlv from diirjixi, to allow to 
 
 pass ; cf. 4, 1, 8 ; 5, 1, 2. oud' &s : cf. note 1, 8, 21. Mvo-ovs : 
 
 cf. 1, 6, 7 ; 2, 5,«13. — : — &Kovros : cf. note 1, 3, 17. ev rfj fSacriXeus 
 
 X&P<* instead of ev ry x™P a avrov : cf. the repetition of Kvpov 1, 4, 12 ; 
 
 rcov fiapfidpwv 4, 4, 21. n i at Sas : cf. note 1, 1, 11. aurol etdo- 
 
 fiev, 1, 2, 19. rovrcav, i. e. ra>v Uepcrcov, implied in ftacriXevs, cf. note 
 
 3, 1, 29. 
 
 § 24. Tj/xas, subj. of elvai, stands at the beginning of the sentence to 
 
 give it more prominence. av . . . tfywye, I for my part should say. The 
 
 particle &v suggests the condition el firj eSeSoliceiv : in place of which we 
 
 have below § 25, aXXa 5e5ot/ca : cf. 4, 2, 10. rod . . . eKire/x^eiv limits 
 
 ojxrjpovs, hostages as a pledge that he would send etc. ko\ . . . ye, and 
 
 even, cf. 7, 2, 38 ; in the next sentence, koX . . . ye, and at least, cf. 3, 3, 5. 
 av before olda qualifies eiroiei. 
 
 § 25. aXXa yap, but (I do not advise that we actually make such pre- 
 paration) for. a/ra|, cf. note 1, 9, 10. KaXats na\ jxeyaXais, beau- 
 tiful and stately. These two words are often united in the Greek writers, 
 because the latter idea was considered an important element of perfect 
 
 beauty. Cf. Odys. 15, 418 ; Xen. Mem. 2, 1, 22 ; Oecon. 10, 2. p/j, 
 
 although expressed above, is repeated on account of the intervening clause. 
 So el § 35 below ; on 5, 6, 19. ol Xcorocpdyoi, the lotus-eaters. Allu- 
 sion is made to the companions of Ulysses who ate of the lotus ; Odys. 9, 
 9,4 etc 
 
BOOK III. CHAP. II. 313 
 
 § 26. i%6v : cf. note 2, 5, 22. robs . . . iroXtrevovras, those who 
 
 now live at home (i. e. in Greece) without a fortune, object of 6pav ; ttXov- 
 
 aiovs is predicated of robs . . . iroXirevovras. ivddSe KOfiiffa/Afvovs, 
 
 having migrated hither, is commonly understood as referring to avroTs, cf. 
 note on Xaf36vra 1, 2, 1. aAAa ydp, but (no more on this point) for. 
 
 § 27. t}jjlS)v governed by arparnyy. eireira, cf. note 1, 3, 2. 
 
 vX^ou irapexovav, occasion difficulty. &yeiv depends on t>%Aoj>, Gr. 
 
 § 306, Rem. 10. 
 
 § 28. a7raA/\a|a)/.iev, an exhortation, let us etc. Kparovfievwv de- 
 pends on aXXSrpia. Gr. § 271, 3. all things are forfeited on the part of 
 those who are conquered. robs iroXefj.iovs, sc. elvai. 
 
 § 29. Spare yap. This sentence states the reason for the following 
 (introduced by ouv § 30) ; cf. 5, 1, 8 ; 5, 8, 11 ; 6, 4, 8. When the reason 
 denoted by ydp is thus placed first in order, ydp corresponds to the Eng. 
 
 since. kclI robs iroXey.iovs, even the enemy ; koli suggests the notion ; — 
 
 if the enemy entertained such an opinion, how fully ought we also to be 
 
 convinced of the importance of order and discipline. robs iroXe/xlovs 
 
 on, another instance of anticipation, instead of on ical oi iroX. ; cf. note 1, 
 1, 5. irpSarOev . . . irpiv, cf. note 1, 1, 10. 
 
 § 30. robs vvv. The position of this phrase is determined by the effort 
 to place the words which are antithetical near together. So also vvv fy 
 irp6crQev. rcov irpSaQev, sc. apx^vro>v. 
 
 § 31. ty \\/rj(plo"r]a6e. The first conditional clause belongs to the fol- 
 lowing : and if you loill resolve, in case any one shall be disobedient. The 
 
 same arrangement occurs 7, 3, 37; cf. 3, 1, 39. rbv . . . ivruyxd- 
 
 vovra : lit. that the one of you on each occasion (aei) falling in (with him, 
 
 i. e. r<£ aireiOovvri). ov8' evl is more emphatic than ovdevl, not even 
 
 one man. 
 
 § 32. €t . . . fieXnov, sc. 8oKe? : lit. if any thing else seem better than in 
 this way. There would be more uniformity in the expression by substitut- 
 ing aAArj for n &XXo, or else ravra for ravrrj. 6 Idiwr-ns, the common 
 
 soldier ; cf. 1, 3, 11. 
 
 § 33. dls by attraction instead of a. Kal avriKa, presently also, not 
 
 simply now. avereivav : on the asyndeton, see note 1, 3, 20. 
 
 § 34. Trpoafielv, impers., governs wv, what there is need of in addition. 
 
 oirov = eKe'io~e ottov, to that place where ; cf. ou 2, 1, 6. irXeov : 
 
 cf. note 1, 2, 11. airexovaas, distant, agrees with nuixas. 
 
 § 35. el ... el: cf. note on yA\, § 25. 
 
 § 36. oirXwv : cf. note on to oirXa, 2, 2, 4. riva is the subj. of 
 
 r)ye?cr6cu and both depend on the impers. xp^i w ^ 10 ou 9^ t° lead, whose duty 
 it is to lead etc. rivas y sc. XPV- irXaio~iov signifies a hollow rec- 
 tangle (not necessarily a square). It was the ordinary arrangement of 
 
 14 
 
314 NOTES. 
 
 forces in a retreat through a plain country ; especially where they were 
 
 beset by cavalry and light-armed troops ; cf. Hellen. 4, 3, 4. inl rap 
 
 TrAevpwv kKaripav, npon each of the sides ; one would expect here eKarepas. 
 The plural seems to be used here, as also in § 37, because each side con- 
 sisted of several ranks. ro7s rerayfieuoiS) those who have been arranged, 
 
 those who have be-en appointed to their place. 
 
 § 37. iireidj] . . . icrri : he was entitled to the post of honor, because 
 the Lacedaemonians at that time heldthe hegemony among the Greeks: 
 
 cf. 6, 1, 26. to vvv elvai, for the present at least ; cf. note on to . . . 
 
 elvcu, 1, 6, 9. 
 
 § 38. aei, on each occasion ; cf. aei § 31. 
 
 § 39. /jL^nvrjadco . . . elvat, let him remember to be etc. ; if it were &v 
 instead of dvai, the idea would be let him remember that he is etc. Gr. 
 § 311, 7. 
 
 chap. in. 
 
 Mithridates comes to the Greeks under the guise of friendship proffering his 
 advice, while his real object is manifestly to ascertain their plans. The 
 Greeks resolve to listen to no more terms from the Persians. After 
 crossing the river Zabatas, being annoyed by the enemy's cavalry and 
 light troops, they concert measures to supply this deficiency in their 
 forces. 
 
 § 1. avko-Tinaav : cf. note 6, 2, 5. orov depends on Seoiro (whatever 
 
 any one needed) ; it is limited by rau TrepiTrcoj/, and its antecedent is the 
 object of /xereBiSocrav. els £ttt}koov : cf. 2, 5, 38. 
 
 § 2. Kvpco m<rr6s : cf. 2, 5, 35. evvovs, sc. elfii, which is suggested 
 
 by iyc->, . . . -f\v, although as is often the case in ellipses the tense is differ- 
 ent. The form to be supplied may also differ in number, person, and mood 
 
 from the form expressed. Kriig. bpw-qv : for this form of the optat., 
 
 see Gr. § 137, 4. — — na\ . . . %x cav -> having also, etc., i. e. not simply alone. 
 
 irpSs /ae differs from irpbs e/xe in that the enclitic Lie is less prominent 
 
 than the orthotone i/xe. Cf. Gr. § 35, 3. ws <pi\ov : it is more comm 
 
 to repeat the preposition (in tliis instance irpos) when the comparison fol- 
 lows as here. <pl\os opposed to the idea Tro\e/juos ; evvovs, to ix0p6s. 
 
 § 3. ekeye : cf. note 2, 3, 21. tis, any one. The allusion is to 
 
 Tissaphernes. 
 
 § 4. rwy Ti<r<xa(p4pvovs tis oliceloov. For the same position of t\s, see 
 2, 5, 32 ; 5, 7, 19. Cyr. 5, 4, 1 ; 7, 2, 3. Thucyd. 1, 45. But tu>v tis 
 
 oiKetav without Tiffffcupepvovs would be only Ionic. Hert. •jrurreas 
 
 4Ve/ca, for the salce of fidelity, to secure fidelity, i. e. the fidelity of Mithri* 
 dates. 
 
HOOK III. CHAP. III. 315 
 
 § 5. core followed by flvai (which denotes continued existence) we 
 render, while, as long as ; followed by ylyueaBai (which denotes the begin- 
 ning of an action, the coming into existence), we render it until. 
 
 UiKapxou • cf. 2, 5, 33. Whether they were the same person, is doubtful. 
 <foero ivi&v : cf. 2, 4, 24 ; 2, 6, 3. 
 
 § 7. lyivovTo : MiOpiddr-ns ical ol avu avT<*>. rwv oirXoov : as in 3, 
 
 2, 36. Ppaxvrepa v) cus i£iKve?adai : lit. a shorter distance than so as to 
 
 reach ; in an Eng. idiom, too short a distance to reach ; Gr. § 341. 
 
 § 8. iSlwKou has for its subj. the antecedent of ol. 
 
 § 9. oi/re . . . x u P L Vi nor 2oere ^ ie footmen (the Greeks) able in a short 
 space to overtake the footmen (the Persians) in fleeing from a point consider- 
 ably in advance ; with iic iroAKov, compare e'/c irXeovos 1, 10, 11. 
 
 § 10. Kal (pevyovres . . . els ToviriaQev To£eiWres, even while fleeing . ,. . 
 by shooting behind. So in later times the Parthians. Cf. Plut. Crass. 24. 
 vir4<pevyov afxa fidWovres ol TldpQoi. Virg. Georg. 3, 31. 
 
 § 11. Sel\rjs here means Se'iXrjs dipias, (the later afternoon, evening,} as 
 the words rrjs rj/xepas 6'Atjs show. For the different uses of 5ei\7], see L. 
 
 & S. ; cf. 1, 8, 8. Tas Kcb/xas : mentioned above 3, 2, 34 ; hence the 
 
 article. ovfthv /xaXXov, none the more, i. e. no more than though he had 
 
 remained with the phalanx. 
 
 § 12. fiTiauTO : see note on io'TpaTOTredevero 2, 2, 15 ; and on tho 
 change of mood Qriwyro and uaprvpoiri), cf. note 2, 2, 15. 
 
 § 13. aXrjdrj \eyere : a brief and lively expression for rf/ a\r)0eia iyi- 
 yero & Ae^ere, in truth those things which you say took place. 
 
 § 14. x <*pis, sc. £rw. Cf. Cyrop. 7, 5, 72 ; 8, 7, 3. So in Eng. the 
 verb is often omitted : thanks to the gods that etc. 
 
 § 15. oaov, as much as, here predicated of space : such a distance that 
 
 neither etc. ol e/c x ei P os fidWovres : same as ol (xKovriGTai § 7 above. 
 
 ££iKi/e7a6at, to reach, often stands thus without any definite object. 
 
 7roAu belongs to x a} P i0t/ ' * v oXiya) . . . pv/xaros, and in a short space 
 
 not even though a footman were fleet icould he overtake in pursuit a footman 
 who had a bow-shot the start, iic . . . pv/xaros is analogous to e/c ttoAAou § 9. 
 Cf. ix TTKelovos 1, 10, 11. 
 
 § 16. r,{xe?s : we should expect here Tipuu depending on Se?, but the 
 case is determined by the nearest verb /xeXXofxev, being a species of attrac- 
 tion. Cf. note on Tlp6£evos 2, 5,41. o~<psvl>ovr)T(av depends 'on 5e?, 
 
 Gr. § 273, 5. (b.) t?V raxio-rrjv, cf. note 1, 3, 14. o~<pevZov&i 
 
 depends on §nr\a<riov used substantively. crtyepSovii here denotes by meton. 
 the stone which is flung. So in 3, 4, 4 ; 4, 3, 29 ; 5, 2, 14. The clause, 
 reads, and their missile is borne even twice the distance of the stones from the 
 Persian slings. 
 
 § 17, S(a to . . . o~<pevdowi/, from the fact that (the Persians) sling 
 with etc. 
 
31 G NOTES. 
 
 § IS. avTwp depends on rives. ireiravrai, cf. note on eTreiraro 1, 9, 
 
 19. tovtco : as rives was just before used, we should expect here the 
 
 plural ; but in using the sing, one person is presented as an example of what 
 would be done for all. avr&v, for them, i. e. the slings. For the gov- 
 ernment, see Gr. § 275, 8. r<f . . . ideXovri, to the one who is trilling 
 
 being enrolled to act as slinger. • aXXi]v riva areXeiav, something else as 
 
 an immunity. Cf. note on aXXo devdpov 1, 5, 5. This immunity might 
 perhaps be exemption from the duty of acting as sentinels. - 
 
 § 19. robs fxev rivas : cf. note on ras 8e rivas 2, 3, 15. t<£ KAeap- 
 
 X&>, by Clearchus, dat. of agent ; Gr. § 284, 3, 11. els lirireas tcara- 
 
 0-Kevdo-cc/j.ev, prepare for horsemen, i. e. by equipping these horses with the 
 armor suitable for the use of horsemen. 
 
 §20. iSoKifxacrOriffai/, were approved; So/cj^ua^w is the common word for 
 this idea. 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 Contains an account of several days' march from the level country in the 
 neighborhood of Nineveh into the hilly region bordering on the Cardu- 
 chian mountains. The Greeks are at first attacked by Mithridatea 
 whom they easily repulse ; afterwards, by Tissaphernes with a large 
 army, from which they experience considerable annoyance. 
 
 § 1. ry clXXtj • aXXos preceded by the article generally means (espe- 
 cially in the sing, numb.) the rest of, but that meaning cannot be assigned 
 to it here. Cf. 2, 1, 3 ; 6, 1, 15, where rjj aXXr) means as here, on the 
 next day. icp' fj, at which, connect in idea with ernQoivro. 
 
 § 2. SLafiefinKotri, after they had crossed over ; the notion of time is the 
 prominent idea of the parti cip. here ; so also just above 8iafiaij/ovo~iv, while 
 crossing over. — — — av . . . Xafirj : cf. note on eav ^u?j 5i5<£ 1, 3, 14. 
 
 § 3. Trapj)yye\ro n.r.X., and orders had been given who of the targeteers 
 
 should pursue etc. rwv nreXraarcov limits ovs the subject of Siu>Keiv. 
 
 frappovai, particip. agreeing with rails linrevo-iv ; more conveniently ren- 
 dered as an adv. to pursue boldly. as, on the supposition that, feeling 
 
 assured that. Cf. note on ws 1, 1, 2. 
 
 § 4. KareL\r}(pei, sc. avrovs. ccpevSovai : cf. note on o*<pevb*ovS>v 3, 
 
 3, 16. effriixrive, sc. 6 ffaXiriyKr^s. Cf. note on eadXiny^e 1, 2, 17. 
 
 edeov . . . eXprjro, they to whom orders had been given ran towards the same 
 point, i. e. towards the enemy. ol Se ; i. e. ol iroXe^iot. 
 
 § 5. ro7s fiapfidpois, on the side of the barbarians ; dat. incomm., limit- 
 ing aneQavov and also eXr]<pdr}o'av. on qualifies (pofiepararov, as 
 
 shocking as possible. bpav depends on <po$epu>rarov, Gr. § 306, 
 
 Rem. 10. 
 
BOOK III. CHAP. IV. 317 
 
 § 6. outo) rcpd^avres, having fared this, having experienced such fortune. 
 With o'jto) ■Kpd.TTeiv, compare e3 irpdrreiu etc. Cf. note 1, 9, .10. 
 
 § 7. AapKraa. This apparently Grecian name need not- occasion sur- 
 prise, since the numerous cities of this name in Greece are of Pelasgic, 
 hence also of oriental origin. The meaning of the word Larissa is not yet 
 settled, and in the present instance it is prohahly not the name hy which 
 the place went among the Pei-sians. From ifs proximity to the Zab, it 
 was evidently the city whose ruins are now called Athur (= Ashur) or 
 Nimvoud. Through the indefatigable exertions of Layard many remarkable 
 relics of ancient Assyrian art have been recently discovered here, and are 
 
 now among the most interesting objects in the British Museum. Mrj- 
 
 doi : cf. note on Mr}5ias 2, 4, 27. rb eupos without fxer, as though 
 
 v\pos 5 5 k.Kar6v did not follow; cf. 4, 8, 9. tov . . . irepiodos, the entire 
 
 circumference. ■kXivQois Kepaixivais : cf. note on ttXivQois birrcus 2, 4, 12. 
 
 § 8. fia<TL\evs, i. e. Cyrus the Elder. t\\iov k.t.A. ; in this way 
 
 certain Grecian philosophers also explained eclipses of the sun. #£e\i- 
 
 irou, sc. tV ttoKlv. Taking the eclipse as an unlucky omen, they were led 
 to abandon their city. 
 
 § 9. irapd, cf. note 1, 2, 13. 
 
 § 10. irpbs [t?7] irShei. If the article is the true reading, then tho 
 
 meaning is near the city, i. e. the one to which the fort belongs. 
 
 Me<riri\a. This also, as in the case of Larissa, seems not to be the true 
 name, but perhaps a corruption of the name given in the Aramaean rural 
 dialect to the region of country or to the ruins. It is very surprising that 
 Xen. did not learn what we so well know from the Grecian and Roman 
 writers of a later period, and from the Arabic writers of the middle ages, 
 as well as from the interesting discoveries of recent times, — the fact that 
 he was among the ruins of Nineveh (r} N?j/os), once the capital of the old 
 Assyrian empire, a city described in the most glowing terms by the Greeks 
 themselves. It was situated on the eastern bank of the Tigris, nearly 
 opposite the modern city of Mosul ; and was built almost entirely of 
 the shelly marble (hiOos KoyxvXidrTjs) in which the adjacent country 
 abounded. 
 
 § 11. virb TIepffcov : this construction is employed because airc&Aecrav 
 t^v apxh v (= i(TT€p^idr](rau rrjs apxvs) is pass, in idea : — lost the govern- 
 me?it, were deprived of the government ; cf. 7, 2, 22. 
 
 § 12. xp(W<, by time ; — the means of subsistence being consumed by 
 the length of the siege. i/ifi^oTTiTovs, mad, insane ; or as others under- 
 stand it terrified by a storm. iaXcti from aXiaKOjxai : observe that all 
 
 the parts of this verb are pass, in meaning, though some of the forms are 
 in the act. voice. 
 
 § 13. eis . . . tTTa.6tJ.6v. The preposition is to be understood as in 1, 
 
318 NOTES. 
 
 7, 1, since ara6/x6s here denotes the notion of time. ?j\dev. The fact 
 
 that he went np to Babylon with horsemen is mentionedln 1, 2, 4. Cf. 
 also 2, 4, 8. e^w * s *° De repeated in mind, as though he had written 
 %X' XlV ovs ?i\dev e%cuy, he appeared with (e^wy) the horsemen that he himself 
 came (np to Babylon) with (excw), etc. So with av£$t) and ipo-fjOei, repeat 
 
 ex«v in mind. Imreas : antecedent in the relative clause ; cf. note 1, 
 
 2, 1. exovros, in matrimonio habentis. 6 . . . ade\cp6s, cf. 2, 4, 
 
 25. irpos, in addition to. 
 
 § 14. el%6y . . . Karacrr-fjo-as is -understood as a circumlocution for 
 
 Kariarrjaeu. uiricrdev, in the rear, i. e. of the Greeks. els ra. ir\d~ 
 
 yia, in the direction towards the flanks (of the Grecian army). 
 
 § 15. ^.KvQai evidently does not belong here. irpov9v/j,e?ro, sc. 
 
 atxapraveiv avdpos. ovBe yap . . . pdSiov "f\v : because the enemy stood 
 
 so close together. fy stands without av, because the consequence was 
 
 necessary and unconditional. 
 
 § 17. tccd . . . Tlepaticd, the Persian implements of archery also, as well 
 
 as those of the Cretans. ro7s Kprjat belongs to ^p^crt^a. ra ro^ev- 
 
 p.ara means the arrows ; ra r6£a, the implements of archery including bows 
 and arrows. 8ier£\ovv xp^^voi, they continually used ; so didyeiu 1, 
 
 2, 11 ; diayiyvecrQai 1, 5, 6 ; 2, 6, 5 ; 4, 5, 5. e/xe^ercoy ro^veiy, lit. 
 
 they practised to shoot, i. e. as we should say in practising they shot. 
 
 &v(a tevres jxaKpdv, far upwards (lit. casting (sc. their arrows) yar upward}. 
 Tbis was done that they might the more easily recover them, without 
 
 being compelled to go far from the mam army. iroXXd belongs both to 
 
 vevpa and fio\vfidos. Cf. note on -jroWd 3, 1, 2. 
 
 § 18. p.e'iov %x ovres : c ^ note 1» 10> 8. 
 
 § 19. TrXaicriov IcowXevpoy, a square ; cf. note 3, 2, 36. aruytcvwrr}, 
 
 bend together, i. e. approach each other. ra Kepara, the wings, § 22 at 
 
 irXevpai. ooov crrevorepas . . . opeccy . . . yz<pvpas : these contingencies 
 
 would now occur ; for immediately north of Mosul the fruitful plain of 
 Assyria becomes more hilly and is intersected by numerous brooks which 
 
 flow down from the mountains of Kourdistan. iK.QA.ifiso'Qai robs bir\L- 
 
 ras, that the heavy-armed men are thrown out of their ranks. The heavy- 
 armed men in the van and the rear particularly would be thus disturbed. 
 The targeteers also in the van and rear (see 3, 3, 8 ; 3, 4, 40 and 43) 
 would in like manner be thrown into confusion, but the heavy-armed alone 
 are mentioned because they constituted the principal part of tbe forces at 
 the points in question. 
 
 § 20. hiaaxv (from Sl^x 00 ) ' 1S tne opposite in meaning of ffvyKinrrco. 
 rb p.iaov rwv tcepdrav, the space between the icings. Sidfiaciv, cf. note 2, 
 
 3, 10. f3ov\6/j.evos (pdaffai irpuros, wishing to get over first. — — 
 
 eveTriOerov '?jv, it icas easy to make an attack. The adjective joined to the 
 
• BOOK III. CHAP. IV. 319 
 
 impersonal %v must be understood as a substantive predicate. Cf. irpoa- 
 &ar6v 4, 3, 12 ; and the plurals fidaifxa 3, 4, 49 ; jSa-ra 4, 6, 17. 
 
 § 21. e| \6xovs. Three of these were to constitute the van and three 
 the rear of the square (jrXaiaiov) ; cf. § 43 below. Each K6%os consisted 
 of two Trei/T7]K0<XTV€S (commanded by ir€VT7)K0tfT7Jpes), and each irevTr,- 
 
 kocttvs of two ivca/xoriat (commanded by ivcofAOTupx&O' &,\Aovs k.t.\., 
 
 and others as commanders of Pentekosties, and others as commanders of 
 
 Enomoties ; cf. note 1, 5, 5. ovtoi Se TropevSjxevoi, and while they were 
 
 on the march. We should expect here the gen. abs. ; yet see note on 
 
 /xax6ij.evoi 1, 8, 27. oi Aox a 7 01 ' : these of course were attended by 
 
 their companies (\6xoi). So also § 23. 4^w9ev ra>v Kepdrwv, apart 
 
 from the wings ; i. e. as we learn from {nre/xevov vcrepot, behind the wings. 
 Hence the definition of Traprjyov, they made the men march of sideivays, given 
 by L. & S. referring to this passage, is not accurate. Translate thus, but 
 then they led (their men) along behind the wings. 
 
 § 22. &*/ i^TTifxirKacrav : cf. note on ay cupeitero 1, 9, 19. to 5i4- 
 
 X ov y th e vacant space. Kara, \6xovs, with companies of a hundred men ; 
 
 so arranged that the lochus constituted but a single file of a hundred men 
 deep. Thus there would be six men abreast. Kara. irevT., in companies 
 of fifty ; so arranged that each company constituted but a single file of 
 fifty men deep. Thus there would be twelve men abreast, tear eVa>/.c, 
 in companies of twenty-five men? so arranged as to form a single file of each 
 company. Thus there would be twenty-four men abreast, and they would 
 consequently fill a vacant space in the line of the square (to Siexov) four 
 times as large as the companies of a hundred. 
 
 § 23. iv tw ix4psi. in their turn ; cf. 7, 6, 36. rt, in any respect ; 
 
 it may be rendered perchance. rrjs <pd\ayyos depends on itov, -as an 
 
 adv. of place : and if perchance occasion required it (Seof, sc. tovtovs eVi- 
 
 ■Kapelvai), these were at hand (ready for assistance). tovtw tS Tpoirca 
 
 applies unquestionably not alone to the next four marches, but to those 
 which followed. This thought was in the mind of the writer : in this 
 manner they continued their march without meeting with any thing worthy of 
 notice in the next four stages (Kruger). 
 
 § 24. eldov fiaaiXziov ti : they beheld a certain royal structure. This 
 was seen from a distance, being situated on an eminence of the foremost 
 range of the Kourdish mountains. This range extends westward to the 
 Tigris. It is now called by the Kourds Tscha Spi ; by the Arabs, Dsche- 
 bcl Abjad. Both signify white mountain. (Cf. §§ 30, 37, where it is called 
 
 opos.) tou upovs, the mountain, i. e. the one in sight directly before 
 
 them ; hence the force of the article. da'/xevoi. Cf. note 2, 1, 16. 
 
 § 25. us . . . avafi., as if to etc. ; cf. note 1, 1, 3. tov eTepov = 
 
 rbv SevTepov (cf. § 28). efSahXov . . . iTo^vov. Notice the asyndeton. 
 
320 NOTKS. 
 
 These three verbs denote the different modes of discharging missiles ; 
 
 namely with the hand, with slings, and with hows. virb fxao-Tiyoov 
 
 (Gr. § 299, 1. (2.) (c).), under the lash ; being constantly scourged. The 
 Persian government resorted to this means of making the slavish people 
 fight well. Cf. Herod. 7, 21, apvacov virb [xaarriywiv, they dug under the 
 lash, spoken of the army of Xerxes at Mt. Athos. In other passages also 
 Herod, mentions the same practice. 
 
 § 26. 'EWtjvwu, nsed adjectively. So regularly names of nations with 
 
 nouns denoting persons. Cf. Adicwva 5, 1, 15 ; "EWrives 6, 5, 26. 
 
 ip rw o%A^, among the attendants of the army ; within the square of heavy- 
 armed men. 
 
 § 27. birXlrai ovres. The particip. expresses the notions of time, 
 cause, and condition. Here the notion of cause is the prominent idea, and 
 it may be rendered, because they were heavy-armed men. 
 
 § 28. ravrd must not be confounded with ravra. irplu . . . avi\ya- 
 
 yov instead of avaydyoiev (until they should lead up) ; the construction 
 avrjyayou is as though ovk iKivqcrav instead of p.)] Kiveiv had preceded. 
 Kriig. 
 
 § 29. oi iro\4jjuoi : the first denotes the Persians, but the second, at 
 
 the end of the §, denotes the Greeks. airoTfi-qOe'nqacu/. This form of 
 
 the optat. 3d pers. plural is much less common than the termination -e?ev. 
 
 Gr. § 116, 7. It occurs again § 35 below, and 4, 3, 21 ; 5, 7, 20. -= 
 
 a : JTu>v, the Persians. 
 
 § 30. /carcS, along, over, Gr. § 292, II. (1.) (b.) oi 5e: the tar- 
 
 geteers § 28. iiriirapiSvTes : passing along on the mountain in a 
 
 direction parallel to the main army and at no great distance from it ; cf. 
 
 6, 3, 19. els ras udofxas : mentioned § 24, hence the article. 
 
 larpous : doubtless the same that Cyrus had previously employed. No 
 doubt in Greece itself the necessity of surgeons connected with the army 
 had long before been learned. 
 
 § 31. koX ajxa adds another reason ; hence = k<x\ ajxa on, and at the 
 
 same time because. tb caTpcnrevovri. The satraps had to provide for 
 
 the troops in their own satrapy. Cf. Cyrop. 8, 6, 3. Oecon. 4, 5 and 6. 
 
 § 32. airo/maxoi, away from the ranks. Three classes were not in a con- 
 dition for fighting ; the wounded, those tvho carried the wounded, and those 
 tcho had taken the armor of the persons who carried the wounded. 
 
 § 33. ttoAu . . . dKscpepev . . . rj : it was far otherwise than ; or in our 
 idiom, it was a very different thing to etc., from (what it was) tofght etc. 
 e/c x^P as op/*' j rushing out from a fixed position. Cf. 4k Xeppovfjcrov opfx. 
 1, 1, 9. 
 
 § 34. rov 'EWtjvikov depends on air- , and CTaStW on fieiov. iiri- 
 
 OaivTcu : cf. note on KaranS-tyy 1, 8, 24. 
 
BOOK I!!. ( ll-W. IV. 321 
 
 § 35. irovr)p6v : of. note on (pojSepd>Ta.Tov 2, 5, 9. d>s iwl rb iroKv : 
 
 cf. note 3, 1, 42. rov . . . cpevyeiv kveKa, el : to the end that they may 
 
 not flee, if etc. The construction is elliptical, and we may supply mentally 
 
 birep ttv yevoiro, which very thing would take place if etc. ; cf. 7, 8, 1G. 
 
 Set . . . avbpi. Instead of the dat. the accus. would be the common con- 
 struction with 5e?. froopaKiaOei'Ta agrees with the subject of aua^Tjuai. 
 
 For the change from dat. to accus., cf. note on Aa/3<Wa 1, 2, 1. With 
 this whole passage, cf. Cyrop. 3, 3, 26 and 27. 
 
 § 36. SiayyeWofxei/ovs, tliat they were passing along the word, i. c. to de- 
 part. e/d)pu|e, the herald proclaimed. Cf. note on icraAiriy^e 1, 2, 17. 
 
 § 37. koX avToi : et ipsi, cf. § 44. ■% u> P l0V Oirepbf^ioy . . . rj, a place 
 
 on the right hand above (the way) where. anpcovvx^, hi apposition 
 
 with yjupiov. tipovs, cf. note § 24. vcp' riv : under which is an 
 
 inadequate translation, since it does not express the notion of direction or 
 extension contained in the accus. case ; Gr. § 299, III. (1.) In German, 
 it is expressed by unter dem hin. veblou : the small level valley be- 
 tween the first range of mountains (cf. note § 24) and the principal range. 
 Through it flows westward a tributary of the Tigris called Chabur. The 
 same valley is meant by the expression eV r<S Trebiq} 3, 5, 2. 
 
 § 38. ovpd : agmen extremum, the opposite of oTcfyia (§ 42) agmcn 
 primum. 
 
 § 39. 7][xiv, dat. incommodi. Gr. § 284, 3, Rem. 4. tovtovs, 
 
 these men, i. e. those by whom the eminence had been preoccupied. 
 
 § 40. ep-nfxa, defenceless. ttws, cf. note 1, 7, 2. tls : indef. one, 
 
 some one. As the reference was of course to themselves, the idea would 
 
 be better expressed by the English tve. a7reAa ; for the form, cf. note 
 
 on IXSivra 1, 8, 10. 
 
 £41. aurou is intensive ; lit. above their own army itself, i. e. above their 
 very army. So ipse in Latin : e. g. Caes. B. G. 5, 43, sub ipso vallo ; B. 
 
 C. 3, 19, ad ripam ipsam fiuminis. kavT&v, i. e. the Greeks. 
 
 fiovAei : for the three verbs which regularly take this form of the 2d pers. 
 
 sing, in the Att. dialect, see Gr. § 116, 11. ^eVe . . . Tropevov: one 
 
 would expect to find with these words o~b /.ieV as the proper antithesis of 
 iyco Se. Kriia;. and Hert. say in explanation that the words iyu Se wero 
 not contemplated when /xeve and tropevou were uttered. It seems rathei 
 that Xen. by giving such prominence to iyoj Se' would indicate his own 
 entire willingness either to go or to stay ; cf. 7, 3, 36. 
 
 § 42. clirdv : an asyndeton like 4, 1, 20, and 4, 8, 6, where an answer 
 follows immediately after a question or a proposition containing the sub- 
 stance of a question ; and where the verb or particip. stands first. of, 
 
 dat. from ou, governed by avv in composition with irepif/cu ; ol the article 
 is a proclitic, o'l the plural of os (the relative pron.) is always orthotone, 
 
 14* 
 
322 notes. 
 
 of the dat. is an enclitic. p.aKpbv ^v, it was a long distance ; i. e. tod 
 
 long a distance for the time allowed them, since their plan required tha 
 utmost dispatch. 
 
 § 43. robs airb rod err. -k. ; cf. robs 4k ruv Tr6\ecav 1, 2, 3. robs 
 
 rpiaKoalovs . . . rcov iiriKeKrwu ; these were half of the six companies men- 
 tioned in § 21. 
 
 § 44. ajxiWao-Qai iitl rb &Kpov, to vie (with the Greeks) in the attempt 
 to reach the summit. 
 
 § 45. diaKe\svop.eva}v : cf. note on Kowrovres 2, 1, 6. 
 
 § 46. vvv . . . vvv : cf. note on v/xe?s 3, 1, 37. tV honrfjj/, sc. 65oV. 
 
 § 47. ovk ii 1o~ov . . . io~/j.ev, we are not on equal footing. x a ^- €7r ^ s 
 
 qualifies <£epw_ 
 
 § 48. tea) «« : cf. note 1, 8, 16. ■ ex uv > with (it ; i. e. the shield of 
 
 Soteridas). — &ct>paica . . . rbv linriK6v. The hreast-plate of a horseman 
 
 was heavier than that of a footman. Cf. Plut. Philop. 6. indyeiv, 
 
 to lead slowly on. ro7s . . . kfrojxevois, and those behind though following 
 
 (those in front) with difficulty, to pass along by (him). 
 
 § 49. 6 Se, hut he, i. e. Xenophon. avafids, sc. iirl rbv 'iirirov. 
 
 fidcrifxa . . . afiara, sc. t&3 'Livxip. Cf. note on eveiriBerov 3, 4, 20. 
 
 tfyev is often used absolutely as here the accus. being omitted ; he led (his 
 men), or simply he took the lead. — : — cpddvovo'iv . . . TroXepiovs, they anti- 
 cipate the enemy in arriving etc. ; cf. 5, 7, 16. 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 The Greeks being still harassed by the Persians arrive at a point where 
 the Carduchian mountains reach the Tigris, and hang precipitous over 
 the river. After considerable deliberation and diligent enquiry^Rrom 
 the captives, they resolve to attempt the passage of the mountains. 
 
 § 1. ayaOcov here denotes the means of subsistence. Cf. 3, 1, 20 ; 4, 
 6, 27 ; 6, 6, 1. 
 
 § 2. teal yap (cf. note 1, 1, 6,) explains the reason why the Greeks 
 
 were dispersed in the plain for plunder. 8ia/3i/3a£<4 / u.ej'az, lit. while being 
 
 transported over, i. e. while their owners were transporting them over ; it 
 is to be connected with KareK^cpdrfaav as a predicate. 
 
 § 3. ivvoovfxzvoi contains the notion of fear, and hence is followed by pA\ 
 
 instead of on as in 3, 1, 2. icaloisv, sc. ol iro\e/xioi. — ■■ — <=xoiev, sc. ol 
 
 "EWyves. oirodev, any place from zchich. Cf note on '66ev 2, 4, 5. — — 
 
 tb imrriSeia is the object of Aafifidvoiev. 
 
 § 4. aTT-fjeaau 4k t?)s fiondeias, returned from rendering assistance, i. e. 
 to the Greeks scattered tbrough the plain and attacked by the enemy 
 
BOOK III. CHAP. V. 323 
 
 (see § 2). It seems to be taken as a matter of course that assistance 
 would be rendered to them, and bence the article before (Bondeias ; al- 
 though no mention had previously been made of such assistance. (Hert.) 
 
 Karefi-n, descended, i. e. from the mountain ; see end of ch. 4. 
 
 i]viKa . . . oi "EWrjyes, when the Greeks (returning from the assistance, i. e.) 
 after having rendered the required assistance met him (i. e. Xenophon) on their 
 
 retuiii. oi "EW-nves, i. e. Chirisophus and his party, who had just 
 
 been opposed to the enemy. 
 
 § 5. vtyUvras, sc. robs Tro\e/j.iovs, tlvat (the enemy) are giving up etc. It 
 depends on Spare ; for the accus. and particip. instead of accus. with the 
 
 inh'n., see Gr. § 310, 4. fj.7] Kaieip . . . x^P av ls epexegetical of a : for 
 
 ichaMhey stipulated (that we should not do, namely) that we should not set 
 fire to the country etc. For the stipulation here alluded to, cf. 2, 3, 27. 
 
 vvv . . . aWorpiav, now they themselves do, setting fire (to the country) as 
 
 though it belonged to another. Kaiovci is a brief expression for iroiovo-i 
 
 KaiovTts. 
 
 § 6. fioyOeiv iiri, to march against. ws . . . fifierepas, sc. yjkpas., 
 
 as if in defence of etc. 
 
 § 7. (TKTjvds : not properly tents, since these, according to 3, 3, 1, had 
 been burned ; but rather in general camp, or encampment, which in this 
 instance was a village (§ 1 above). So gkt)vz1v and vK-nvovv are often to 
 
 be understood simply to encamp ; cf. 3, 4, 32. arpaT-nyol ical Xox^yoi : 
 
 witbout the article, as often when several names (particularly of persons 
 
 holding office) are joined together. Cf. 4, 7, 25 ; 6, 5, 12 ; 6, 6, 30. 
 
 ivdev [xkv . . . ZvQev 5e, cf. note 2, 4, 22. roaovros to fiddos ws, lit. so 
 
 much in depth that, = so deep that. fxt]Be . . . fidOovs, not even the spears 
 
 of (the persons) trying the depth rose above (the water). For an idea of the 
 ordinary length of a Grecian spear, see Diet. Antiqq. p. 135. 
 
 § 8. Kara is distributive, in companies oj "etc. Gr. § 292, II. (3.) (d.) 
 
 § 9. ao~Kwv : cf. note on SicpOepas, 1, 5, 10. iroAAa k.t.A.., not / see 
 
 these many sheep etc. This would require rd before jTrpSfiara. Rather, 
 / see here many sheep etc. iroWa irpofiara is a predicate of ravra and 
 
 hence the article is wanting. a airo^apevra ko.\ <pvo"nd£vTa ; a brief 
 
 expression for wv airoo'apzvTwv to 54pfA.ara cpvo-ndei/ra. (Hert.) 
 
 § 10. tovtois, i. e. ro?s de&fio'is. op/xiaas . . . aaK.6v, lit. having 
 
 anchored each skin, i. e. having made fast each skin. AiOovs . . . v§wp, 
 
 by tying stones (to them) and casting (these) as anchors into the water. 
 
 Siayaywv . . . S^cos, having conveyed (the leathern bottles) over (the river) 
 and having bound (them) at both ends, i. e. on each bank of the river. His 
 object was to make, not a mere raft, but a temporary bridge. 
 
 § 11. fjidka efoearde (fut. of olSa), you shall know for a certainty. 
 
 e|ei, will hold, will prevent. In this sense the fut. o - %Vja'a» instead of e£a> is 
 
324 NOTES. 
 
 almost invariably used. — — rod fj.}] Karadvvai, from sinking. For the 
 negative, cf. note on to fiT] KaraTreTpwdrjyai 1, 3, 2. 
 
 § 12. to ij/dvfXTjfia, the conception, the plan ; to epyov, the execution. 
 
 ol KooXvaovres, the persons that would hinder (the execution). Cf. the con- 
 struction of 6 to\ijlt)c<>)v 2, 3, 5. Tots TrpdiTois, the foremost, i. e. the 
 
 first men who attempted the execution of the proposed plan. 
 
 § 13. Trpbs BafivXwva : here of course denoting only the general direc- 
 tion, i. e. towards the south. naTaKavaas evQzv, for they had burned 
 
 down those from which etc. The participle is here causal, and ivQzv = 
 
 ravras e| ay. ofxoioi %o~av frav/xafciv, seemed to wonder. Such a use 
 
 of o/xoioi l\aav in the sense of icpneaav or £86kovv can scaicely he found 
 
 elsewhere. Tpfyovrai and %x oi * v : for a similar change of mo6%, cf. 
 
 2, 1, 2 ; 2, 2, 15 ; 4, 5, 10. oiroi and rl : the indirect and the direct 
 
 interrogative in the same construction. Cf. irotov and ottcos 2, 5, 7. 
 
 § 14. t'is eKaarrr], sc. yapa. 
 
 § 15. to. . . . e?77, the regions southward belonged to the (country) in the 
 
 direction of Babylon etc. t) . . . (pepoi : here we must supply, instead 
 
 of x^P a > °$° s : ^ ie ( wa y) eastward would lead etc. &epi£eiv and iapi- 
 
 (eiv are to be understood in the inverse order (xiao-Tus) of Susa and Ecba- 
 tana ; as &epi£eiv is predicated of Ecbatana and iapi£eiv of Susa ; cf. Cyrop. 
 
 8, 6, 22. % Se SiafidvTi, but the way to one having crossed over etc. 
 
 For the construction of Sia&dvn, see Gr. § 284, 3. (10.) Cf. 6, 4, 1. 
 
 on : for a similar arrangement, cf. 6, 3, 11. Kapfiovxovs. The same 
 
 that are now called Kourds ; by the old Syriac writers called Kardu ; and 
 by the Armenian, Kordu, in the plural Kordukh (hence perhaps the Greek 
 ending -%oj). By the later Greek writers the country itself was called 
 Kapdov7jvri, Kopdov^vrj, and also TopSvala. 
 
 § 16. fiacriAecos ouk aKoveiv, did not hear to, i. e. did not obey the king. 
 Gr. § 273, Rem. 18. ijxfiaXuu . . . arparidv : this clause is gram- 
 matically coordinate, though logically subordinate, as though it were 
 ififiaXovaris . . . o-rpartas, with the omission of 5e after tovtwv. It would 
 then read, but even on a certain occasion when a royal army of twelve myriads 
 had made an incursion among them, no one of these returned etc. Cf. note 1, 
 
 9, 14. iirifxiyvvvaL, depends on %<pacrav ; it is here used intransitively 
 
 (cf. note on o-vp.}j.i^eiav 2, 1, 2), in which sense iTri/xiyuvadai would be more 
 
 common. crtpwy and iKeiucoy, partitive genitives, dependent on e7ri-> 
 
 jxiyvvvai, and not only that some of themselves transacted business with the 
 Carduchians (jeKtivovs), but also that some of the Carduchians (e/ceiVw) engaged 
 in business with them ; atyiav and kavrovs being reflexives refer to the per- 
 sons speaking, and thus remove the ambiguity which would arise from the 
 use of so many pronouns in our language. 
 
 § 17. eKaCTax^o-e etSeyai, that they knew the way in every direction."——' 
 
BOOK IV. CHAP. I. 325 
 
 tovtovs, i.e. robs KapSovxovs. ecpaaav, sc. oi eoXw/c^Tes. (The cap" 
 
 tires') affirmed that (the Creeks) having passed through these etc. 
 
 § 18. rrjs upas depends on oirnviKa, at the very hour when it should seem 
 
 expedient. t)]v virepfioArji' rcov bpiuv here denotes the place for crossing 
 
 the mountains, the pass ; in 1, 2, 25, it denotes the act of crossing. We have 
 here in the construction another instance of anticipation ; cf. note 1, 1, 5. 
 
 BOOK FOURTH. 
 
 "Oca eV tj/ iropela. rrj fi*XP l * n ^ &d\arTav t^]v iv rep Ev^eluu W.6vtco, 
 kclI us iirl Tpaire£ovvTa, rr6\iv 'EAA7?i/i5a, a<pLKOVTO, Kal us airtdvaav t 
 etf|aj/TO awTTjpia frvaeiv ZvQa irpurou els <pi\iav yr\v a<piKoivTo. — From the 
 entrance into the Carduchian country to the sea. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 Narrative of several days' march among the Carduchian mountains. The 
 Greeks suffer severely from the ruggedness of the country, from the 
 assaults of the Carduchians and from the severity of the cold. They 
 are at last shut up in a deep valley, while the only apparent egress is 
 occupied by the barbarians. 
 
 § 1. oaa . . . iiroAe/x'fjdr) irpbs tovs "EAAwvas, what hostile measures were 
 adopted against the Greeks etc. 
 
 § 2. evda = eKer<re tvQa, to the place where. We may also in English 
 omit the demonstrative before the relative adverb : when they arrived where 
 
 the river etc. irdpoSos, passage along by the side (of the river). air6- 
 
 TOfia . . . iKp4fx.aro (from Kpe/xdvyufj.i), hung precipitous etc. 
 
 § 3. ruv bXiCKOp-ivuv = ruv kaAutcSruv, from those who had been taken, 
 from the captives. Several verbs in the present, besides their proper signi- 
 fication, have also a sort of perfect meaning; as cpevyu, I fee, or / am ban- 
 ished ; vik5> and uparu, / conquer, or / am conqueror ; Tjrrufxai, I am being 
 conquered, or / am conquered ; adiKw. I do injustice, or I have done injustice, 
 am olZikos ; so also ahicrKo^ai, I am being taken, or less frequently / am 
 taken. Kriig. Spr. 53, 1, 3. irepdacri, (they might go around), cor- 
 responds in construction to $iafSri<rovTou, since dfit has a future significa- 
 tion. fiovKuvrai : cf. note on iav /U77 didw 1, 3, 11. ras ir-nyas 
 
 i\4yero ilvai : a construction not less common than at Tr-nyal £\4yovro 
 thai. Cf. 1, 2, 12 ; 1, 8, 6. ov -rrpSau rod Tiyp-nros is an inaccurate 
 
326 NOTES. 
 
 form of expression instead of ov irpocreo rcov rov Tiyprjros, as is very com- 
 mon in comparisons. See note on yAeKTpov 2, 3, 15. /col . . . ex op 
 
 and it is thus. Xen. had just spoken of it as being reported (eAeysro), 
 and he adds it is really thus, outws *X elv i io ^ iave (itself) thus, to be thus. 
 
 § 5. tV reXevralav <pv\a.K7)v. The Greeks divided the night into three 
 
 watches, the Romans into four. ocrov . . . irefiioj/, lit. as much as that 
 
 they might pass through the plain in the darkness ; i. e. in an Eng. idiom, so 
 
 much that they might etc. CKoraiovs, cf. note on o~KOTatoi 2, 2, 17. 
 
 a7ro : cf. 2, 5, 32. airb Trapayyekcrews, at the word of command. The 
 
 signal was not given in this instance by the herald or by the trumpeter, 
 lest it attract the attention of the enemy. 
 
 § 6. to a.[j.(p' avrov, that (part of the army) around himself i. 6, his own 
 
 men. omaOocpvka^iv belongs as an attributive to oirXiTais, with the 
 
 heavy-armed men who guarded the rear. ^77, that, lest ; klvSvvos in the 
 
 preceding clause implies the notion of fear. iropevofxevuv gen. abs., 
 
 while they were going ; cf. iSuruy 1, 4, 12. ZiricivoiTo from i(piivojj.ai. 
 
 § 7. aet is to be connected in idea both with tcpe'nrero and with virep- 
 fiaWov : and that part of the army constantly crossing over (the summit) 
 followed on continually (after Chirisophus) etc. 
 
 § 8. yvvcunas . . . iralSas : without the article ; so commonly, cf. 1, 4, 
 8 ; 5, 3, 1 ; 3,1, 3. e? irus, if in any way, or expressing what is im- 
 plied, to see if in any way ; cf. § 21 below. Suivai : cf. dt^aovaiu 3, 2, 
 
 23. <pi\ias it will be observed has the position of a predicate ; Gr. 
 
 § 245, 3. (b.) The idea is, through the country as if (it were) friendly. 
 
 § 9. ore? : cf. note on oaris 1, 1, 5. ovre . . . vttt}kovov, neither lis- 
 tened to (them) zchile calling etc. 
 
 § 10. a-KOTatoi : cf. § 5. rives added to bkiyoi denotes the idea 
 
 of indefiniteness, as we say some few ; bxlyoi . . . uvres, being some few (in 
 number). Though they were but few, they had inflicted some wounds and 
 even slain some of the Greeks. e£ aTrpoaSoKrjrov ex improviso. 
 
 § 11. iKivdvyevcrei/ av diacp- , would have incurred the danger of being 
 
 destroyed. cvveapoiv aWrjXovs is understood to mean rallied one another 
 
 (by means of fire-signals). Sintenis and Hert. with much reason approve 
 of awefiooiv (instead of avve&poiv), they called to one another, as in 6, 3, 6. 
 
 § 12. re has for its correlative Kai before bivSaa, although the last 
 clause (being modified by the intervening words lcaraXnrovras raXXa) does 
 
 not altogether correspond logically to the first. apelvai, to set at liberty, 
 
 from cMp'njp.1. 
 
 § 13. ol £tt\ rovrois ovres : those who were appointed over these (cap- 
 tives), i. e. to have charge of them. Cf. eV aureus 1, 4, 2. airSfxaxoi, 
 
 cf, 3, 4, 32. Solars ravra, when these things were resolved on ; accus. 
 
 abs. ; cf, i£6v 2, 5, 22. The particip. 5o|aj/ is used with ravra on the 
 
BOOK IV. CHAP. I. 327 
 
 same principle that the neut. plur. takes a verb in the sing. Besides this 
 expression the Greeks used SS^avra ravra, So^dvTow tovtwv, and Z6^o.vtos 
 tovtov. Gr. § 312, 5. 
 
 § 14. ei Tt : cf. note 1, 5, 1. eX Tl • . . a<pei/j.evov t whatever they 
 
 found (that was) not given up of the things mentioned. ru>v elp7]/.Uvcoi/, cf. 
 
 § 12. ol 5e, i. e. the soldiers. ir\7}v el, unless. eK\e\pev, passed 
 
 any thing (rl) through secretly, or by stealth, which is the same metaphor as 
 
 enXetyev. oXov, as for example. ruiv evirpeiruv, gen. of the whole 
 
 (often called partitive gen.) limiting iraid6s and ywain6s ; lit. having desired 
 a boy or woman of those (that were) beautiful = having desired a beautiful boy 
 
 or woman. ra fxev rt . . . to. 5e Kai, partly . . . partly ; ra fiev, though 
 
 plural in form, is not contemplated as such in idea, and hence the sing. r\ 
 is joined to it; cf. Hell. 7, 1, 46. 
 
 § 15. els : cf. note 1, 7, 1. 
 
 § 16. avax&CovTes, returning. In 4, 7, 10, avexd£eTO. ^ i s regularly 
 deponent, the active form being (excepting Xen.) poetic. 
 
 § 17. •jrctpeyyuajTO, optat. impei'f. of irapeyyvdw. r6re Se, .ut in 
 
 this instance, the one to be related. irpayfxa, trouble, difficulty, as iu 6, 
 
 3, 6, and in the common formulas irpa.yixa.Ta e%eij/, irpdy. irapex €lJ/ 5 °£ 
 § 22, and 1, 1, 11. irapeXQovTi, to (him) in passing along, i. e. to Xen. 
 
 § 18. AaKowmbs KXedbw/xos : the common order would be Khedv. Aa/c., 
 
 Cleonymus a Laconian. Sia/xirepes els, sc. ro^evOels, being shot entirely 
 
 through (the helmet) into etc. 
 
 § 19. ILffTTep elxev, just as he was, without delay (as the connection shows 
 that it means). Cf. Cyrop. 3, 1, 7, ev9bs iropeverai &o"irep el^e irpbs rbu 
 
 Kvpov. aveXeadai, dui^cu, sc. avrdo : to take up and bury the dead 
 
 was considered by the Greeks one of the most sacred and important 
 duties. 
 
 § 20. airoKpiveTai : on the asyndeton, see note 3, 4, 42. /xia . . . 
 
 bp&ia : not, this one way which you see is steep ; that would be avrr) r\ 
 6$6s k.t.X* As it stands avTt\ is subject, pXa bZ6s predicate ; with 6p6ia 
 
 understand ovaa ; this which you see is (tbe) only way (being) steep. 
 
 e/cj8a<rts means a pass with reference to the idea of going out (eKfiaiveiv in 
 rcav ayKuu Kal jjlvx^v § 7) ; v-KepfSo\i\ (3, 5, 18) with reference to the 
 idea of going over ; elafio\7) (1, 2, 21), with reference to the idea of 
 entering in. 
 
 § 21. ravra, for this reason ; so also tovto ; as o and d, on which ac- 
 count ; and very often rt, on ichai account ? why ? eX ttcvs, cf. note § 8 
 
 above. ov <paciv : cf. § 24, and note 1, 3, 1. 
 
 § 22. oivep, which very thing, *. e. the lying in ambush. avrov 
 
 tovtov eveKev, for this very purpose • tovtov here denotes what follows 
 
 (oirws . . . XP T i°' a ' l J J -^ a -)' 
 
328 notes. 
 
 § 23. ovk €(pr], sc. el8evai &XXr]v . . . (pavepdv. <p6f$<av, reasons fof 
 
 fear, means of exciting fear. 
 
 § 24. avTw dat. of possessor, dependent on irvyxaye sc. oScro. For the 
 difference between the dat. and the gen. of the possessor, see Gr. § 281, 3, 
 
 (9), Rem. 5. nap' avfipl e/cSeSo^ueyTj, with a husband (for she had been) 
 
 given in marriage (to him) ; iKtiedofxevr) is expressed to show that avdpi is 
 
 to be understood in the sense of husband. avros, he himself belongs to 
 
 the subject of 7)yfio~e<r6ai. Gr. § 307, 4. 6Z6v depends on rjyrjo-eo-Oai 
 
 (cognate accus. Gr. § 278, 2) ; that he himself would lead them by a way 
 possible even for etc. 
 
 § 25. o depends on irpoKaraX^oiTO. (Krug.) It must be supplied with 
 irapeXQeiv. o, as is often the case with a relative pronoun, is most con- 
 veniently rendered by a conjunction and demonstrative pronoun : and uii' 
 less some one should previously occupy this, it would be etc. 
 
 § 26. 7reA.TacrTos is to be taken as an attributive of Xoxayois (cf. note 
 
 on oTncr6o<pvAa£iv § 6 above) ; hence = rwv TreXracrTaiy. virocras ide- 
 
 Xovrrjs, having offered himself as a volunteer. 
 
 § 27. v<piffraTai, offers himself (as a volunteer). Notice the asyndeton. 
 Cf. note 1, 3, 20. Observe also that the verb is sing. Cf. note on eire^mf/e 
 
 2, 4, 16. MeOvdpLevs : from Methydrium, a place not far from the 
 
 later Megalopolis. 
 
 § 28. tcov jikv ottXituv (in § 27) would lead us to expect here rwv 5e 
 yvp.vr}T<av ra^idpx^v 'Apio~r4as /c.r.A., but the repetition of epwrwct;/ occa- 
 sions a change in the construction. yvixv7\T<av is an attributive of 
 
 Tafyapxtov, cf. note on TreXracrrds § 26. iroXXaxov iroXXov : cf. note 
 
 1, 9, 2. 
 
 chap. n. 
 
 The Greeks escape from the valley in which they were enclosed, being 
 conducted by a captive over a circuitous route ; and finally reach the 
 river Centrites, which divides the Carduchian country from Armenia. 
 
 § 1. ol 5e, and they,- i. e. Xenophon and Chirisophus. e/xcpaySyras i 
 
 lit. having eaten in, i. e. (as Hert. thinks), having eaten in haste. Cf. 4, 5, 8 ; 
 
 aLo ifj.TTi€?v, Cyrop. 7, 3, 1. avvriQ^vrai, they agree with (them). 
 
 t)]u l/vKTa belongs to (pvXdrr^iv. cpvXdrTciv c^jxalvstv, and Uvai 
 
 (spoken of the party with the guide), crv/j.j3oT]6i,aety (spoken t f Xen. and 
 
 Chiris.) all depend on o-vvTiQevTcu. robs piv denotes the party witb 
 
 the guide. avco uvras, being above, i. e. after having arrived on the 
 
 summit. avroi, they themselves, expressed for the sake of the anti- 
 thesis. Cf. note on <xvt6s 4, 1, 24. 
 
BOOK IV. CHAP. II. 329 
 
 § 2. ir\rj8os : without the article, as is often the case with evpos, 
 i>\pos, fidOos, and similar expressions. v5wp e£ ovpavov : the whole ex- 
 pression means simply rain. Sometimes vdcop is used alone and sometimes 
 
 with avwdev meaning rain. koL . . . irepu6vTts, and that those who were 
 
 going around (with the guide) might escape notice as much as possible (from 
 the fact that the enemy were turning their attention in another direction). 
 
 § 3. fy . . . infialveiv, which they must cross in order to go forth etc. The 
 act denoted hy diafidj/ras necessarily preceded that denoted by eK^aheiy. 
 
 afia^taiovSy large enough to Jill a wagon ; Kal /j.el£ovs kclI ehdrrovs, and 
 
 larger and smaller (stones) ; i. e. larger and smaller than those described 
 by afxa^iaiovs. 
 
 § 4. With Zvvcuvro and iireipuvTO supply ireKdcai. ovSev iirav- 
 
 oravro is stronger than ovk £iravo~- : they in nothing ceased, they did not for 
 
 a moment cease. reKfxaipeadai, to be perceived, to be known ; i. e. the 
 
 fact that the enemy continued thus all night long rolling down stones. 
 
 § 5. ws . . . Karexoures, supposing they had possession of the height ; the 
 height mentioned 4, 1, 25. 
 
 § 6. ol Se refers here to the foregoing subject, which is common in 
 
 Herod, but rare in the Attic writers. f] areyr) ' aur-n 656s : ootos can 
 
 stand between the article and noun only when some other attributive fol- 
 lows just after the article. avrodev, from the very place, from the place 
 
 where they now were. 
 
 § 7. vir4(paiv€ : cf. note 3, 2, 1. eVi robs avOpwwovs, against the 
 
 enemy. Cf. ol avBpes 3, 1, 23 ; 3, 4, 40.- dxiyoi : few; not a few ; 
 
 few perished ; for etc. ; the next clause assigning the reason why only a 
 few perished. 
 
 § 8. avifxwu (from avijxdoS) a\X- , they dreto one another up. 
 
 § 9. robs Tj/xiaeis : iro\vs in the three degrees of comparison, "ifjaarvs, 
 and adjectives in the superlative degree, when used as partitives are most 
 frequently assimilated in gender to the genitive of the whole ; Gr. § 2G4, 
 
 Rem. 5. y^^p • • • *X 0VT * s i z ' re ^ e wa y 2re which the men with the guide 
 
 (had gone). evoSatTaTT], sc. 656s which is implied in the foregoing 
 
 rjirep. 
 
 § 10. av iTTopevdyo-av : instead of the corresponding conditional sen- 
 tence (el with a past tense of the indicative), an adversative sentence fol- 
 lows (to 5e u7ro£) ; cf. note on av . . . eyorye 3, 2, 24. to viro^vyia is 
 
 the subject of £kP?ivcu, it was no* possible that the beasts of burden should go 
 out etc. 
 
 § 11. hpBlois rots Koxois, with their companies (of a hundred men) in 
 columns, or in single file. Thus a hundred men would march one behind 
 another, and between the files of men there -would be vacant spaces ; cf. 
 4, 3, 17; 4, 8, 10. 
 
330 NOTES. 
 
 § 12. recos fiev : for a while ; strictly it means up to the time designated 
 
 by the correlative member iyyvs 8' ov k.t.X. eKa<rros, in apposition 
 
 with the subject of idvvavTo ; we may render, where they severally were 
 
 able ; cf. 1, 7, 15. iyyvs . . . irpocrievro, but they did not suffer (the 
 
 Greeks) to come near themselves ; cf. Trpoo'ieo'Oat 3, 1, 30. 
 
 § 13. ivvoficras jx-i). Cf. note on ivvooi>fj.€voi 3, 5, 3. Kal iraXiv, 
 
 even again. £tt\ ttoXv i\v, extended over a long space. — are tropev6- 
 
 fj.€va, because of (their) passing. ■ 
 
 § 14. 6 . . . ideXovrav, the one above the guard that had been surprised ai> 
 the fire in the night by the volunteers ; cf. § 5. 
 
 § 15. intwimvov avrovs, they (the Greeks) suspected that they (the bar- 
 barians) left etc. This clause presents a transition to an independent con- 
 struction. Cf. dL€Tpd(pTj(rau 4, 7, 17. TToXiopKoivTO : cf. note 6, 3, 12. 
 
 ol 8' dpa, but they as it proved. 
 
 § 16. iirdyeiv : cf. note 3, 4, 48. &eo~6ai ra oirXa : cf. note on 
 
 edero ra oirXa 1, 5, 14. etire, told (them), bade (them). Cf. note on 
 
 eAe^e 1, 3, 8. 
 
 § 17. offoi . . . a<p'iK0VTO : lit. as many as not leaping down etc. In an 
 Eng. idiom, as many as did not leap down from the rock and arrive at etc. 
 
 § 18. e7rl . . . /xacTTip : Xo<pos means an eminence, a ridge, a hill of any 
 shape (used as a generic word) ; fiaar6s, spoken primarily of the breast, 
 means a round hill. Hence we may render this clause, upon a hill over 
 against the round hill ; fxacrrip has the article because it has been before 
 
 mentioned §§ 6 and 14. robs venpobs airyret : cf. note 4, 1, 19. For 
 
 the meaning of hiraireiv, cf. note 1, 2, 11. 
 
 § 19. l(p' S, on condition that ; followed by the infin. ; cf. 4, 4, 6 ; 6, 
 6, 22. Gr. § 341, Rem. 5. iv § : in what time, i. e. while. The cor- 
 responding demonstrative clause is to be understood with irdvrss K.r.X. 
 While the rest of the army etc., (during this time) all (the enemy) from this 
 region flocked together, ol 4k rovrov rod rSirov = ol iv rot/rcp t<£ rSircp 
 ovres e/c rovrov avvep- , cf. note on rwv irapa, fiaaiXecos 1, 1, 5. 
 
 § 20. tfp£avro, sc. ol "EXX-rjves. evda is here a relat. adv. where ; 
 
 ra oirXa eKeivro, i. e. iv tg? 6/j.aX$ § 16. KelcrOai is in meaning a pass. 
 
 of Seo-dai (Hert.) ; cf. 7, 1, 24. %x av T V a.o~irida, with the shield, i. e. 
 
 carrying off the shield with him. 
 
 § 21. Aovaievs : from Lusi (Greek Aovaot), a town in the northern part 
 
 of Arcadia. In 7, 6, 40. Aovo'idrrjs is used instead of Aovo-ievs. npb 
 
 a.fx<poiv, before both, i. e. himself and Xen. irpo/Sel3XT)fji.4vos, sc. rijv 
 
 aairida. Cf. 1, 2, 17. 
 
 § 22. avrov iv : in that place in etc. ; cf. note on avrov irapa 'Apia'up 
 2, 2, 1. The preposition is understood with inirridelois, in the midst oj 
 abundant provisions. iv Xdiatois noviaroTs : Sturz defines Xdicicos, cella 
 
BOOK IV. CHAP. II. 331 
 
 vinaria, a wine cellar ; and the Scholiast on Aristoph. Eccl. 154. (cited by 
 Sturz) implies the same idea ; Xolkkos meaning, not as some have under- 
 stood it a cistern which was filled with wine, but a cellar in which wine 
 was stored. For an account of the Grecian mode of preserving wine, see 
 Die. Antiqq. art. Vinum, and also art. Amphora, bv . . . tix ov tnen means 
 which they kept in plastered cellars. Such cellars, with a circular mouth 
 like a large well, increasing in size to the bottom (i. e. in shape a trun- 
 cated cone), are still seen in great numbers in Piraeus. 
 
 § 23. 8ieirpd£avTO axrrc : negotiated so that. irpaTreiv and iroieTv are 
 
 more commonly followed by the infin. without uxrre. Cf. note 1, 6, 2. 
 
 e/c t<£j> ZvvaT&v : lit. according to those things which were possible, i. e. ac- 
 cording to their means. uxrirep vo/xlfcrat, sc. irois?v, as it is customary 
 
 (to do) etc. 
 
 § 24. itt&Xvov, tried to hinder ; cf. note on if3id£ero 1, 3, 1. irdp- 
 
 o8os, like 686s, includes two notions ; it denotes either the way along by, 
 or the act of going along by ; here the latter. (686s includes the two ideas 
 via and iter). 
 
 § 25. irpbs ra opt], towards the mountains, is explained by the clause 
 avwrepa . . . KooXv6yTcau, attempting to become higher up etc. 
 
 § 26. iirifieXovTo. Notice the form ; less frequent by far in Att. than 
 the contract iirifxcXoviAcu. Yet cf. 5, 7, 10. 
 
 § 27. fy 6tt6t€, sometimes. Cf. note on jjy ovs 1, 5, 7. iariv (or where 
 the connection requires it -qv) is prefixed to many words in this manner 
 imparting a general and indefinite signification ; cf. Gr. § 331, Rem. 5. 
 
 o5(TTe . . . airocpevyeiu, so as to escape tchen fleeing from a point even near 
 
 at hand. Notice the difference between cpevyeiu and airo<pevyeiu. Cf. note 
 1, 4, 8. 
 
 § 28. r6%a. From what follows it appears that the Carduchians made 
 use of cross-bows. On this supposition the clause, they drew the bow-strings, 
 when they would shoot, by stepping forward with the left foot on the lower part 
 of the bow, becomes perfectly clear. The fact that the Greeks did not use 
 
 the cross-bow is no objection to the above supposition. a/coi/riois is in 
 
 apposition with avrols : the Greeks used them (i. e. the arrows of the bar- 
 barians) as javelins. iyayKvAutures : by fltting poises to them. The 
 
 javelin had a leathern strap fastened to it at the centre of gravity, showing 
 to the thrower at once the point where the javelin was to be seized, and 
 also no doubt aiding in the act of throwing. (Riistow u. Kochly griech. 
 Kriegsw. cited by Hert.) ; cf. Die. Antiqq. art. Hasta. 
 
332 NOTES. 
 
 chap. in. 
 
 The Greeks experience much difficulty in crossing the Centrites ; owing 
 to the depth and force of the current ; the Arminians who were ready 
 to oppose them on the opposite bank ; and the Carduchians in the rear, 
 who were ready to attack them while crossing ; but by the accidental 
 discovery of a ford, and by a series of skilful manoeuvres, they get over 
 the river in safety. 
 
 § 1. Keyrpirrju. This name (which does not occur elsewhere) denotes 
 the eastern arm of the Tigris, which rises among the highest peaks of the 
 snow-clad mountains of Kourdistan. In size it is fully equal to the longer 
 western arm which rises near the Euphrates ; and by some ancient writers 
 it was called Tigris. The modern name is Buhtan Tschai. Xen. gives 
 the name Tigris to still another tributary, the northernmost of the three, 
 
 now called Bitlis ; cf. 4, 4, 3. dc/nevoi : cf. note 2, 1, 16. a7re?xe : 
 
 cf. note on ^v 1, 4, 6. rwv Kapdovx^v limits opeccv. 
 
 § 2. /xd\a ^Secos, very gladly. The reason for this is given in the two 
 
 following participial clauses. iroKkd, many times, often ; it qualifies 
 
 uurj^oj/evovres. ocra, sc. eiraQov : lit. they suffered so many evils as they 
 
 did not even (suffer) all being put together from the king and Tissaphernes. 
 In an Eng. idiom, they suffered more evils than all which they experienced etc. 
 us : cf. note 1, 1, 2. 
 
 § 3. ttov irepav, someivhere on the other side, implying that their exact 
 position was not very distinctly seen. 
 
 § 4. 'Opovrov : the satrap of Armenia 3, 5, 17. Map86vioi, Persian 
 
 Mardhunija, i. e. the manly, apparently an appellative which may have 
 been given to different Persian tribes, as was the case with Mdpdoi, i. e. 
 
 Men. Xa\da?oi seems to be originally the same as KapBov^oi, but to 
 
 denote here that northern tribe who were also called Xd\vj3es and who 
 
 dwelt among the mountains near the S. E. coast of the Euxine. yeppo, 
 
 rectangular shields of wicker work. 
 
 § 5. uxrirep %eipo7roi?7Tos, just as if, i. e. apparently artificial. 
 
 § 6. virep rcov ixaorrwv, above their breasts ; fiacrrSs is here used in the 
 
 primary sense. ovre corresponds to re after eVt. Cf. note on fxi,re 
 
 . . . re, 2, 2, 8. el Be \jA\ instead of el Se, as often after negative state- 
 ments ; cf. 7, 1, 8. The idea is in full, but if any one did hold his armor in 
 
 the water etc. The clause iirl . . . oir\a is placed before ti' ris to give 
 
 it a more prominent position ; cf. note 2, 4, 6. yv/xvoi (spoken with 
 
 reference to the shield), unprotected, exposed ; cf. ^/iXtjv 1, 8, 6. It is in 
 the plural, together with iyiyvovro, because of the collective meaning of 
 r ls. ovv is introduced here with a slight anacoluthon, as though the 
 
BOOK IV. CHAP. III. 333 
 
 preceding member were independent and not introduced by iird. 
 
 avrov, on the very spot, where they were. With avrov irapd, cf. avrov iu 
 4, 2, 22. 
 
 § 7. lV0a (relat. adv.), where. iroXXous is here a predicate, many 
 
 in number. * 
 
 § 8. e8o|ej/ : cf. note 3, 1, 12, and on the asyndeton 3, 1, 11. eV 
 
 iredais : we might expect here simply iredais, with fetters, but eV tt48cus is 
 
 more common. avrai 8e, sc. e5o£ai/. Trepipurjuai, to fall off from 
 
 around him. Sia/Halveiy 6ir6crov, to step as far as. 
 
 § 9. kclKws ecrecrflat, that it would be well. Adverbs instead of adjec- 
 tives may be joined with elvai and yiyvecrOai wlien these verbs do not sim- 
 ply unite (as a mere logical copula) the subject and predicate but when 
 
 they contain within themselves a predication. Kal ws rdx^ra, and as 
 
 soon as ; cf. 3, 1, 9. ecus virecpaivev, morning began to dawn ; cf. 3, 2, 1. 
 
 — — eirl rov irpurov, sc. lepelov, at the first, or in full on the sacrifice of the 
 first victim ; cf. 6, 5, 2 and 8. 
 
 § 10. avT<3 limits irpoaeXQiiv. One might expect the accusat. here 
 
 instead of the dat. ; yet see Gr. § 284, Rem. 2. Kal apiarSivri, both 
 
 while breakfasting etc. ijgeyeipayra, sc. e|enj rivd, it was permitted that 
 
 any one having awaked him etc. Cf. note on \a$6vra 1, 2, 1. *X°h 
 
 sc. eiVetV. 
 
 § 11. Kal TCJTe, and on that occasion, or as we should express the idea, 
 and so also on that occasion, introducing a particular illustration of what 
 had been stated in general. Cf. 1, 8, 23 ; 7, 1, 33, and in a similar way 
 Kal vvv, 1, 6, 28. &s is often prefixed to prepositions, denoting inten- 
 tion or purpose, (frequently also a pretended purpose) ; cf. § 21 below. 
 • avrSv : cf. note on avrov 3, 4, 41. woTrep, just as if, apparently. 
 
 § 12. 8o|cu depends on eXsyov above. ovSe . . . rovro, for it was 
 
 not possible for the enemy's horse to approach at this point. Cf. note on eve7ri- 
 
 Oerov 3, 4, 20. cos vevcrovjievoi, as if about to swim, expecting to swim. 
 
 Siafialveiv, they proceeded to cross over ; SiafiTivai, they crossed over ; Gr. 
 
 § 257. irp6cr6eu . . . irplv . . . alfiola, before the water reached their loins. 
 
 § 13. Kal . . . e/ceAeue, and gave orders (to his attendants) to pour out 
 (wine, i. e. to fill goblets with wine) yew the youths. ovelpara : the plu- 
 ral is here spoken of the single dream mentioned in § 8. This usage is 
 common among the poets. The plural, says Krug., directs attention to 
 
 the several parts of the dream. Kal . . . e7rtT€/\. e'ercu depends on ew'xe- 
 
 crflcu : that they would accomplish the remaining good things also. 
 
 § 14. cirovBds, libations. So 6, 1, 5. 
 
 § 16. crraftioi. The more common construction would be araSlav, 
 and it was a distance of about four stadia. Cf. note on bpyiai, 1, 7, 14. 
 
 § 17. tfievro ra oir\a, they grounded their awns ; cf. note 1, 5, 14. ■ 
 
334 NOTES. 
 
 airodvs, having taken off (the outer garment), so as to be less encumbered in 
 tbe stream. Grote for reasons not very satisfactory, understands rbv arri- 
 
 (pavov after airofivs. TraprjyyeWe, sc. are^avwaajxivovs KaX a-jodvvras 
 
 Xanfidveiv to oirKa. Tbis was in accordance with, tbe Lacedaemonian 
 custom. Cf. Plut. Lycnrg. 22. Xen. de Repub. Lac. 13, 8. Kal fxrjSeva 
 AaKedai/j.oi'twv acrecpdvuroy elvcu. bpQiovs : cf. note 4, 2, 11. 
 
 § 18. els rbv Trorafxou : cf. note on els a<rirl5a 2, 2, 9. 
 
 § 19. avnXdKa^ov : cf. note 1, 8, 18. oXoXv^eiv is used cbiefly of 
 
 women, and cbiefly also on joyful occasions. (Kriig.) 
 
 § 20. hva Kpdros : cf. 1, 8, 1. rbv . . . els, the one opposite the pass 
 
 xchich led (up) among etc. ; cf. § 5 above. 
 
 § 21. ws irpos, apparently for ; cf. note § 11. ereivov, contendebant, 
 
 they hastened. 
 
 §22. Avkios: cf. 3, 3, 20. AtVx^s : cf. 4, 8, 18. ip6av. 
 
 cf. note 1, 8, 12. ^77 a.TroXeiireo'Qou, not to be left behind, i. e. behind 
 
 tbe enemy. 
 
 § 23. Kara, along ; cf. 3, 4, 30 ; 4, 2, 8. ras TrpotrrjKOixras ox^as iirl 
 rbv irorajjiov, the high banks extending to the river. Tbe more common 
 arrangement would be ras enl rov Trorajubv Trpoa-nKovcas u%0as. Yet com- 
 pare tbe position of fxao-rw 4, 2, 18. robs &vco : cf. § 3. (rcpicriv, 
 
 see Gr. § 302, Rem. 3. 
 
 § 26. aKfj-^v Siefiaive, were just now crossing over. TrapriyyeiXe . . . 
 
 (pdXayyos, he gave orders to the Lochagi that each should form his lochus into 
 enoraoties, having led the enomoty toicards the left so as to form a phalanx. 
 We must understand tbat tbe locbi were in columns, and tbat, wben 
 divided into enomoties, those enomoties in tbe rear were marched forward 
 to tbe same line witb tbe foremost enomoties, filling up the spaces that 
 bad existed between tbe columns, tbus forming an unbroken line, i. e. a 
 phalanx. On eKacrov and irapayayovras, cf. note on Xafiovra, 1, 2, 1. 
 
 Trap' ao-rri5as, towards the left, the sbields being carried on tbe left 
 
 arm. inl (pdXayyos, in the form cf a phalanx, so as to form a phalanx ; 
 
 cf. 4, 6, 6. Ttpos, on the side towards ; cf. 2, 2, 4. ovpayovs ; the 
 
 article is to be supplied mentally from tbe foregoing. Tbe first man in 
 eacb enomoty (beginning at tbe right of tbe front line) was tbe enomo- 
 tarcb, and tbe last man in eacb enomoty was tbe uragus (ovpayos). Tbis 
 place therefore was filled by a person of more competency tban an ordinary^ 
 soldier ; see Lie. Antiqq. p. 484. 
 
 § 27. robs cnri(rdocpv\aKas . . . <paivo!xevovs, the rear-guards left without 
 the camp-followers, and (on tbis account) already appearing few (in number). 
 With rov o%Aou ipiXojj.evovs, compare tyiXovro . . . ru>v linrewv 1, 10, 13. 
 It does not seem natural to make rov oxAov depend on oTricrdocpvXaKas aa 
 gome explain. 
 
BOOK IV. CHAP IV 
 
 335 
 
 § 28. ZiafSaivovras : cf. note on £fSia£tro 1, 3, 1. avrov ivi, on the 
 
 spot where they were upon etc. Cf. note on avrov irapa 2, 2, 1. avroi, 
 
 they themselves, i. e. Xen. and his men. iuapriovs . . . ifxPaiveiv, that 
 
 they should enter (the river) at the opposite bank, on both sides of Xen. and his 
 men (acpwi/). For the use of this reflexive (o-<pwv), see Gr. § 302, Item. 3. 
 
 di7)yKvAo>>fiei/ovs, having jmssed the finger through the thongs of their 
 
 javelins ; cf. note 4, 2, 28. £tu$z$\t)ijlzvovs, sc. ret ro&vjxara i-nrl ra?s 
 
 vevpais (cf. 5, 2, 12), having placed the arrows on the bow-strings. irpoaca 
 
 rod Trorafxovyfar in the river. See Gr. § 273, Rem. 4. (c.) 
 
 § 29. o~<pevd6trn : cf. note 3, 3, 16. ical aenrh tyoQy, an ^ a shield 
 
 should ring, "being hit by a missile from the enemy. rh ito\€ij.ik6v 7 the 
 
 signal for attack. iir\ B6pv, to the right ; cf. irao' ao-iriSas § 26. 
 
 § 30. viroCvylctit' and the following genitives depend on iTri/j.eXr}<r6/x€voi t 
 to attend to. 
 
 § 31. us . . . luavtos, for a mountainous region sufficiently etc. 
 
 § 32. ravavrla, in the opposite direction. So in Hell. 3, 4, 12, ravavria. 
 airoo'Tptyas eTropevero. 
 
 § 33. ala66fi€voi } having become aware (that the Greeks instead of pur- 
 suing had suddenly turned and were crossing the river). 
 
 § 34. oi viraj/T7io~avTes, those who had come to oppose (the enemy), i. e. 
 the targeteers etc., mentioned §§ 27, 28. iroppcarepoo rod naipov, far- 
 ther than was proper. So in Hell. 7, 5, 13. 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 They march several days without difficulty through Armenia, pass the 
 sources of the Tigris (cf. note 4,3, 1.) and reach the Teleboas. Here 
 they make a treaty with the satrap Teribazus, who soon shows himself 
 to be faithless. 
 
 § 1. iiropevdr)o , av . . . yr)\6<povs, they proceeded through Armenia over a 
 plain wholly level and (after that) over smooth hills, irehiov and yn\6<povs 
 
 are accus. of space after iiropevdno'av. Gr. § 279, 6. ire'Siov arrav, 
 
 altogether a plain, i. e. a plain wholly level ; cf. 1, 5, 1. 
 
 § 2. K(v/xr)v : antecedent in the relative clause; cf. note 1, 2, 1. Ren- 
 der, But the village into tchich etc. — — rvpcreis : perhaps for the defence 
 of the inhabitants, during the marauding expeditions of the Carduchians. 
 
 § 3. Tiyprjros : cf. note 4, 3, 1. It is surprising that Xen. says nothing 
 in this place of the passage over the Taurus range of mountains, which are 
 somewhat lofty and which separate southern from middle Armenia. See 
 
 Introduction § 7. T7jAej8oas. This must be the stream now called 
 
 Karasu which flows westward through the high plain ol Musch and 
 
o o 
 
 36 jstotks. 
 
 empties into the Euphrates. The Greek-sounding name given it by Xen. 
 is probably a corruption of tbe common Armenian word Telmot, which 
 denotes a sluggish marshy stream. 
 
 § 4. eKa\e?TO : cf. note on %v 1, 4, 6. v-irapxos apparently = ca- 
 
 rpdiTTjs, so that, while Orontes was the general satrap of Armenia (3, 5, 17), 
 
 Teribazus would be satrap of the eastern part. a.v4^aXKeiv, assisted 
 
 in mounting. 
 
 § 5. etwev, said, i. e. gave orders to say ; a common idiom. Cf. eAeye 
 1, 3, 8 ; 2, 3, 17. Zirhnoov : cf. 2, 5, 38. 
 
 § 6. i<p' § : cf. note 4, 2, 19. avr6s: nom. with infin. Gr. 
 
 § 307, 4. 
 
 § 8. x i ^ v toAA.^ : this may seem surprising, considering that they were 
 in the 39th degree of latitude ; but it must be recollected that the eleva- 
 tion is about 4000 feet above the level of the sea (Koch, der Zug der Zehn- 
 
 tausend ; cited by Hert.). ecoOev, in the morning ; strictly, from the 
 
 (beginning of) the morning ; cf. note 6, 3, 23. 
 
 § 9. Upzia, animals for slaughter; cf. Cyrop. 1, 4, 17. On the asyn- 
 deton, cf. note 2, 4, 28. r&v airoo'Ketiavvvixevwv rives, some of those 
 
 zoho were scattered abroad. 
 
 § 10. iBoKei diaidpia^ziv, it seemed likely to be fine weather, to clear up ; 
 SiaiOpid^eiv, like vetv, and v€i(peii% is used without any definite subject. 
 The preposition (5za-), as in the Latin disserenascere, has reference to the 
 breaking up and dispersion of the clouds. 
 
 § 11. &tt\€tos is chiefly poetic. aviffraadai depends on the noun 
 
 okvos. Cf. (pofios ffrpareveiu, 2, 4, 3. /caTa/cei/AeVa>j/, gen. abs. 
 
 aXeeivov : cf. note on cpofiepctiTarov 2, 5, 9. oTcp /j.$) Trapappveir), to 
 
 (every onefroni) whom it did not flow off. 
 
 § 12. yvjxvos : cf. note 1, 10, 3. t\s koX dKkos, a certain other one 
 
 also ; not one and another. acpeAopevos, sc. tt)v a^lvrjv which idea is 
 
 readily supplied from the clause axK elv I^Aa. ixpiovro, anointed them- 
 selves ; to make their stiffened joints limber. The Greeks were also accus- 
 tomed to anoint themselves when very weary. 
 
 § 13. xP^H- - * s the generic word for ointment of any kind ; yuvpov is 
 
 specific in meaning, a fragrant ointment. iriKp&v, sc. apvySaXoov which 
 
 is suggested by the adject. a/xvydd\iyov. 
 
 § 14. vtto . . . idldocav, ivere punished by the open air, i. e. by being 
 obliged to encamp in the open air ; 51kt]v ididoo-av, has the force of a pas- 
 sive, hence the constructiou with vtt 6 and the gen. 
 
 § 15. Te^uej/tTTjj/ : from Temenus, a section of the city of Syracuse. 
 But as Xen. would have been more likely to say ~2vpaK6<rioj/, it is not un- 
 likely that we should read here Trj/JLevirriv, from T^/xefLOv in Argolis. (Hert.) 
 ol aTToarKedavi'v/jLevoi : cf. § 9. — — a\r)Qev(rcu, to report truly. — — 
 
UOOK IV. OilAF. v. 337 
 
 rek /*■}} 6vra ws ovk ovra : the first ovra is hypothetical, and hence the nega- 
 tive fi-f,. Gr. § 318. 
 
 § 16. iropevQeh . . . Z<pi) : a condensed expression, And having gone 
 (and returned), he said that he did not etc. crdyapiv, a two-edged battle- 
 axe. (Hert.) o'lavirep . . . %x ovo ' lv i suc ^ 1 as *he Amazons have, i. e. such 
 
 as thej were represented to have in the painting and statuary of the 
 Greeks. Xen. presupposes that his readers were familiar with this repre- 
 sentation. 
 
 § 17. to iroda-rrbs ejf?7, the well-known question, the common question, of 
 
 what country he was. to o~TpaT€vfxa is accus. inl tIvi, for what 
 
 purpose. 
 
 § 18. Xa\vfias : cf. note 4, 3, 4 ; also 4, 7, 15. Ta6xovs : cf. note 
 
 4, 7, 1. See also 5, 5, 17. fiovaxy qualifies yirep considered as a rela- 
 tive pronoun, by which alone, where alone. 
 
 § 20. to <rTpaT6ire8oi/, the encampment, i. e. of the enemy. 
 
 § 21. oi apTOK6iroi . . . elvai, those who prof essed to be panilers and those 
 wHb professed to be cup-bearers. 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 They suffer severely several days from the attacks of the enemy, from the 
 want of food and from the severity of the cold ; hut they at length 
 reach some villages abounding in provisions where they remain seven 
 days. 
 
 § 2. Evcppdrr)!' : the eastern arm of the Euphrates, now called Mu- 
 radsu. The ancient Armenians called both this and the western arm 
 Jephrat ; sometimes also hy the special name Aradzani (the Arsanias of 
 the Grecian and Roman authors). The point of crossing according to 
 Xen. was 30 parasangs = 6 days' march from the river Teleboas. Making 
 all proper allowance for the difficulties of the march, the actual distance 
 is much less than 6 days' march ; so also the point at which they crossed 
 the Euphrates was much farther from the source of the river than the words 
 of Xen. imply. He probably judged from the size of the stream, which is 
 always much smaller in the latter part of the autumn before the rains 
 commence. 
 
 § 3. aironaltov is here predicated of the severe cold, as also in 7, 4, 3. 
 The Latin word were is employed in the same way. 
 
 § 4. €?7re, directed, gave orders ; cf. eXeye 1, 3, 8. 
 
 § 5. SuyevovTO KalovTes : cf. note on 8ieT*\ovv xp&ix.svoi 3, 4, 17. — — — 
 £vAa ttoAAcS At the present day, owing to the devastations of the Turks 
 and Kourds, the Armenian table-land is extremely destitute of wood, so 
 
 in 
 
338 NOTES. 
 
 that the dried dung of cattle is now used for fuel. irpoffleirav : irpo<r- 
 
 irjfii, I suffer to come to. Cf. 8ur)/j.i, I suffer to pass through, 3, 2, 23 ; 4, 
 
 1, 8. et iri] . . . irvpovs, unless they would share with them (and give 
 
 them) wheat etc. "With fieradiSafxi, the part which is given is put in the 
 accus. ; but the whole from which a part is given is put in the gen. (as in 
 
 the next sentence). &\Ao e? ri = ei rt &\Ao, whatever else. Cf. note. 
 
 on aAAa dirSo-a 1, 10, 3. 
 
 § 6. €v8a 5e, hut where. In the preceding clause, ivda is demonstrative. 
 
 eaTe itrl, even to. Cf. eas iiri 4, 8, 8 ; &XP 1 € ' 15 ^> ^, ^ 5 ^XP l ^" ^i 
 
 1,1; juex/ 3 ' ets 6, 4, 26. This idiom is much less common in the Attic 
 than in the later writers. 
 
 § 7. iPovM/j.lao'av : from ^ovXifxidco, they fainted from excessive hunger. 
 
 § 8. Biedidov, he distributed (the food) : not indeed to those who had 
 fainted, but to the persons who should convey it, as expressed in the next 
 
 clause. SidSvras, giving, who gave. The fat. Saxrovras, who should 
 
 give, would be a more common construction. Yet cf. iTrideiKvvvres 1, 3, 
 13 ; (TkoitSov 2, 4, 24 ; apxofJ-^vovs 2, 6, 12. 
 
 § 9. 4k ttjs K(x>{i7)s, sc. ovffas, join with yvvalnas. irpbs r?i tcpjivrj, 
 
 at the fountain, which belonged to the village, and was outside of the wall 
 (ifxirpoaQev rov ipv/xaros). 
 
 § 10. efy, aTre'xet. Cf. note 2, 2, 15. 
 
 § 11. idw-fjOrjaav, were able (to continue the march). Cf. § 12. 
 
 SiareXecrai : cf. 1, 5, 7. 
 
 § 12. For the construction of robs 6(pQa\iJ.ovs with diecpOapfx-evoi, cf. note 
 on ras Ke<pahds 2, 6, 1 ; robs SanrvXovs rwv iroficoy (their toes) is connected 
 in a similar manner with the intrans. airoffecr^iTSTes, 
 
 § 13. rrjs x io> vos, objective gen. limiting iiriKovp^ixa, a protection against 
 
 the snow. rcov 5e iroh*d>v : the correlative clause ro?s fikv b(p6aXjxo7s 
 
 was apparently put in the dat. to avoid the construction of two genitives 
 
 limiting the same noun (eTwcovp7)[xa~). vttoXvoito, tooJc off his shoes ; the 
 
 opposite of u7ro5e5e/ieyof. 
 
 §14. '6<roi, supply mentally as antecedent rovroov which limits ir6b as. 
 • — — Trepieir-fiyvvvTO : cf. note on ?i<xav 1, 2, 23. — — xapfSdnvai, brogues 
 made as Xen. says of raw skins. Those brogues were commonly worn by 
 the natives of the country. According to Hesych. they consisted of one 
 piece of skin. fio&v by meton. for Pvpcrcov, cf. 4, 7, 22 ; 5, 4, 12. 
 
 § 15. Sia rhs roiavras avdynas, on account of such unavoidable difficul- 
 ties, mentioned in § 12. nal rerrjKei, and it had (actually) melted. 
 
 For a similar repetition, cf. § 4, Kal c<payid£eTai. Observe the omission 
 of the syllabic augment in TerVj/cet. Cf. ava/3e/3^«:ei 5, 2, 15. See Gr. 
 
 § 120, Rem. 2. a.T/j.l^ova'a, sending forth warm vapor. This warm 
 
 spring is supposed to have been discoverod on the southern side of Mt. 
 
BOOK IV. CHAP. V. 339 
 
 Bingoldagh, by Koch during a botanical tour through Armenia in 18-43. 
 — — inTpairdfievoi : e/c denotes the idea, aside from the way towards the 
 warm spring. 
 
 § 16. ix uv oTricrOo(pv\aKas : as the article rovs is not expressed, it 
 means, with some of the rear-guards ; the rest had very likely passed on. 
 — — — ndo-p rexvr} Kal fnqxavfi, with every art and device, a more emphatic 
 
 expression than Kara irdura rpSnov. Cf. 7, 2, 8. Kal TeAeurw^, and 
 
 finally. Gr. § 312, Rem. 3. HvvaaQai depends on some word under- 
 stood, e. g. i<paaav, which is suggested by eKeAevov. 
 
 § 17. (pofSrjo-cu : observe the difference between the active and middle 
 
 voices of this word. iirioiev, sc. ol iroXcfxioi. uv = tovtwv a : 
 
 a/j.(pi very seldom occurs with the gen. in Attic prose. SiacpepSfievoi, 
 
 differing, quarreling. 
 
 § 18. are vyiaivovres, inasmuch as they were well. avaKpaySvres 
 
 (from avaKpdfa) . . . /xeyiaroy, having screamed as loudly as they could. 
 This was all done to increase the alarm of the enemy. 
 
 § 19. 67r' avrovs, for them, so as to convey them to the rest of the army. 
 avlcraaav : cf. note on ifiidfero 1, 3, 1. 
 
 § 20. o\ov to a-rpdrevfia. This however was not true, for Chirisophus 
 and the van had passed on to a village ; cf. § 9 et seq. 
 
 § 21. avao-T-fio-avTas agrees with the subject of ai/ayKd{eiv, he ordered 
 (them, i. e. the youngest men) having made (the sick) stand up, to compel 
 {them) to go forward. 
 
 § 22. rcov . . . o'Ke^/ofxevovs, (some) of those from the village to see. ■ 
 
 oi Se = ol reKevTcuoi. — — robs . . . irapedocav, delivered up the sich to these, 
 i. e. the men whom Chirisophus had sent. '- avrol 5e, but they themselves, 
 i. e. ol TeAeuTcuot. 
 
 § 23. SiaXaxo'vTes (from diaXayxdvoS), having divided by lot. tovs 
 
 kavTuv, their own (men). 
 
 § 24. e7n-a/cai&e/ca : from § 35, this number appears to be too small. 
 — — ivdrrjv fj/xzpav, the ninth day, or as we should say, eight days. 
 
 § 25. The description of these subterranean dwellings shows, says 
 Kiepert, how little effect two thousand years have had on the habits of 
 these Armenians, since the same description would answer for the present 
 
 day. to fxkv ffrSfxa . . . (ppearos, the mouth was like (that) of a well. 
 
 Kuhner supplies Tjv with to CTofxa ; Owen, following Bornemann and 
 
 Matthiae, supplies %x ovo * ai ' ^a eKyova tovtwv, the young of these 
 
 (animals). 
 
 § 26. olvos ttpidivos, barley wine, i. e. beer. avral . . . iVoxei/\.e?y, 
 
 the barley-corns themselves even with (or on a level with) the brim. Hence in 
 drinking it was most convenient to make use of reeds, which of course 
 must be without joints (y6vara). 
 
840 NOTES. 
 
 § 27. &Kparos, strong, sc. 6 oJvos. crvfifxa66yTi, to one having become 
 
 accustomed to it. See Gr. § 284. (10.) (a.) 
 
 § 28. o~Tep?)voiTO . . . airiacriv : for a similar change of mood, cf. note 
 on 3, 5, 13. — — r)]v . . . airiaffiv, and that they would go away after having 
 
 filled his house with provisions as a reward (ayr-). eare, until (in this 
 
 sense when followed by yiyyo/mai ; hut followed by el/xi it is rendered 
 while'). 
 
 § 29. oivov ecppatfav tvQa : by anticipation for scppacrav %v6a olvos. Cf. 
 
 note 1, 1, 5. Karopwpvyii4vos, concealed in the ground. He probably 
 
 means iy \clkkois kovi<zto?s 4, 2, 22. £y d<p6a\uo?s, in their sight. 
 
 § 30. koX . . . acpleffav, and from no place did they (the barbarians) let 
 them (the Greeks) go etc. 
 
 §31. oi)K fy 8' oirov ov, lit. and there teas not a place where they did 
 not etc. It is equivalent to and every where they placed etc. Cf. note on 
 
 OVK %GTIV OTTCOS OVK 2, 4, 3. 
 
 § 32. efA/cei', he drew him, denoting a friendly compulsion. 
 
 pocpovvra ajffirep fiovv, sucking as an ox ; pocpovvra, as also iiriKvytyavra, 
 agrees with the subject of iriveiv : uxrirep fiovv, by a sort of attraction 
 instead of Soffirep fiovs, sc. pocpe?, as an ox sucks. After locnrep and tf, this 
 species of attraction is not uncommon. Gr. § 342, Rem. 3. 
 
 § 33. KaKslvovs, them also, i. e. Cbirisophus and his men. otoj- 
 
 vovvtois = evci}xov/x€uovs § 30, banqueting, feasting. Cf. 5, 3, 9 ; 7, 3, 15. 
 
 icrrecpavca/j-ej/ovs. The wearing of garlands at their symposia was a 
 
 common custom among the Greeks. On this occasion, because they could 
 find nothing better, and perhaps also because such garlands might afford 
 
 them the more merriment, they had made them of dried forage. 
 
 rod . . . %'A.oD : the article is used because the forage had been mentioned 
 
 above § 25. ircudas is connected by Kai to iKeivovs and depends on 
 
 Ka,Te\ajA$avov. wenrep iveo?s, as to persons who were deaf and dumb ; 
 
 because they did not understand Greek. 
 
 § 34. ol iWoi. The region on the eastern side of the Bingol moun- 
 tains (where the Greeks probably were at this time) is still celebrated for 
 its excellent horses. — — XaAujSas : the name of the people by meton. for 
 the name of the country ; cf. 7, 2, 32. He probably means here his neigh- 
 bors towards the west, inhabiting the country at the sources of the western 
 arm of the Euphrates : since the Phasiani and Taochi were his neighbors 
 
 on the north ; cf. 4, 7, 15. ttjv 6Sbv Z(ppa£ev y tin, by, anticipation 
 
 for 'deppa^ev rj 7} 68bs 6177. Cf. olvov . . . i\v § 29. 
 
 § 35. Kai . . . oiK&Tas, and at that time Xen. went conducting the governor 
 of the village to his own domestics, kavrov refers not to the grammatical 
 subject of the clause but to the object (avr6v). Cf. 2, 3, 25. See Gr. 
 § 302, 2. (b.) ov dX-tjQei, which he had taken, probably on that occasion 
 
BOOK IV. CHAP. VI. 341 
 
 when he gave the rest to the horsemen ; cf. 3, 3, 19. iraKaWepov 
 
 somewhat old. For the comparative in this sense, see Gr. § 323, Rem. 7. — -• 
 ai/rSu, i. e. rbv 'iinrov : Upbv rod 'H\iov, sacred to the sun ; see Gr. § 273, 2. 
 
 ttuKwv, partitive gen. 
 
 § 36. ttoAv is placed after the comparative "which it qualifies and at 
 the end of the sentence for the sake of emphasis. 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 
 From the villages they are conducted on their way hy a guide, who being 
 abused by Chirisophus deserts them on the third day. After wander- 
 ing without a guide several days, they reach the river Phasis. In two 
 days more they reach a pass which had been occupied by the Chalybes, 
 Taochi, and Phasiani. Having dislodged the enemy, they pass over 
 into a plain and find some villages abounding in provisions. 
 
 1. rjfiepa oyb'Sr). The article is often wanting with ordinal numbers, 
 
 where the English idiom requires it. Cf. vo-Tepa rj/x4pa, 6, 4, 9. rbu 
 
 7]yeix6va TrapaSlSwai, he (i. e. Xen.) delivers up the guide etc. The guide, 
 as appears from the sequel, was the governor of the village where Xen. 
 had encamped (cf. 4, 5, 28 et seq.). ■ TiyrjcraiTo, sc. 6 Kvfxdpxys. 
 
 § 2. i\v : impers. it was etc. iu t2 rpiru> crTad/.L<3 being used to denote 
 
 time ; cf. 2, 2, 11. ixateirdi'dri, was an 9 r l/> instead of the more usual 
 
 act. form e'xaAeVTjj/e. So also Cyrop. 3, 1, 38. 
 
 § 3. airoZpas wx eT0 > having escaped was missing, ran away and escaped. 
 Cf. note 2, 4, 24. For the difference between airodidpdo-Kco and airo<pevy(a y 
 
 cf. note 1, 4, 8. — — — - didebopov, an occasion of disagreement. 7} . . . a/x4- 
 
 Aeta is in apposition with tovto. iriaTOTaTcp ixprjro, treated (him as a 
 
 person) most faithful. Cf. the construction of TroXefxiq. 2, 5, 11. 
 
 § 4. avd : used here distributively, at the rate of; Gr. § 290, 1. (3.) 
 
 napd, along, on the banks of. ^aaiv. Not as in 5, 6, 36, the well 
 
 known stream of this name which empties into the Black Sea, but the 
 upper part of the Araxes, now called Pasinasu. The Greeks seem to have 
 been led out of their course by this stream, having proceeded towards the 
 N. E. instead of the N. W. 
 
 § 5. XaAujSes, Ta6x<>i, Qaaiavoi. Cf. note 4, 5, 34. The name Phariani 
 is derived from the name of the river just mentioned. 
 
 § 6. Kara nepas, in column. The same expression is used in a very 
 
 different connection and sense 1, 10, 9. i-rl (paAayyos, in the form of a 
 
 phalanx ; cf. 4, 3, 26. 
 
 § 9. cIkos, sc. iffri, takes the aor. infin. (Trpoo~yej/eo~dai) without fa> in 
 the sense of the future, it is likely that others will come etc. Cf. note on 
 iravcrao'dcu 1, 2, 2. 
 
342 NOTES. 
 
 § 10. 5e, after iy6, used like aAAa 1, 7, 6 ; cf. note. So in 5, 5, 13 ; 
 
 6, 6, 12 ; 7, 3, 30. «— — a>s . . . airofidAajxa', arecZ Aom? zre sAa?£ ?ose (lit. 
 throw away) as few men (lit. bodies of men) as possible. 
 
 § 11. irXtov . . . 0Ta5m, lit. more than extending over sixty stadia, i. e. 
 
 more than sixty stadia in extent. Cf. inl iroXv 4, 2, 13. oitdafiov . . . 
 
 aAA' tf, noichere else than. Instead of aAA' -/?, we should expect &W' tf, yet 
 
 see Gr. § 322, Rem. 10. /cAe«//cu <n, to take possession secretly of some 
 
 part etc. ; cf. § 13. Xadovras, having escaped observation, only ex- 
 presses more fully the idea contained in /cAe^ot. ■ na\ apirdaou <pddo~av- 
 
 ras, and having anticipated (the enemy) to seize upon (it). 
 
 § 12. opdiov Uvai ? r\ 6}xaXis, to go up a steep (place) than on level ground. 
 fieO' rjfiepav, in the day time, by day. rpax^ia, sc. odos. 
 
 § 13. &s . . . irapixzw, so as not to occasion any notice (to he taken of us). 
 dv, "which helongs to xprjo'Oai, is repeated, as in 3, 1, 6, and with 
 
 liivoiev in the next clause, it must be supplied mentally. 
 
 § 14. kXottyis, the noun corresponding to the verb K\4\pai used above 
 
 § 13. ffv/AfidxXo/j.ai : the full expression o'v/j.fiaXeo'Oai xSyovs occurs 
 
 Cyrop. 2, 2, 21. oaoi . . . dfioicap, as many as belong to the peers. Cf. 
 
 Die. Antiqq. p. 613. evOvs 4k iraidecy, lit. immediately from children, 
 
 i. e. even from childhood. 
 
 § 15. v6p.ip.ov apa vpuv icrriv, it is accordingly enacted in your laws ; 
 
 &pa is manifestly ironical ; cf. 5, 6, 29. rod opovs, partitive gen. = 
 
 rod vpovs ti. 
 
 § 16. Seivovs, skilful, expert ; Seivov in the next clause means terrible. 
 
 For the connection between these different senses, cf. L. & S. /cAe- 
 
 irreiv to Sr]p.6aia is the regular expression for the embezzlement of the pub- 
 lic monies. The penalty for this, aside from the loss of property, was 
 
 under certain circumstances nothing less than death. vpuv is here 
 
 commonly- considered as the agent or doer with a^iovvrai : see Gr. § 284, 
 3, (11.) 
 
 § 17. tovtccv Trvvddvopai, I learn from these. ye/xerai al£i, is pas- 
 tured with goats etc. ai£i and fiovaiv are dat. of means ; not of course dat. 
 of agent. (Bard. Cf. note on eveiriOeTov 3, 4, 20. 
 
 § 19. Kai stands before a direct question when it contains an objection 
 or reply to the foregoing. aAAa is used because the preceding ques- 
 tion is logically equivalent to a denial : It is not necessary that you etc. 
 
 § 20. 'ApiaTwi/vfxos Me0. : cf. 4, 1, 27. Olralos. The Oetaeans, 
 
 the same as the Aenianians (AtVmvej), dwelt in Phthia between Oeta and 
 Otbrys. 
 
 § 21. ix, after. 
 
 § 22. ol TaxBevres : those mentioned § 20. avrov, on the spot where 
 
 they were. iyprjySpeffav, 2d pluperf. of iyeipu. Sia vvktSs, through 
 
 the night, all night long. 
 
BOOK IV. CHAP. VII. 34:3 
 
 § 24. rb iroXv : cf. note 1, 4, 13. robs iroWovs : tf/te main bodies 
 
 of both armies. 
 
 § 25. ol 4k rov irebiov, cf. note 1, 1, 5 ; the whole, instead of being in 
 the gen., is here put in the same case with the parts (ol /xev ir-eXraarai 
 
 and Xeipicocpos Se). fidSr]j/ is the antithesis of dp6/x<o ) but does not 
 
 contradict raxv '• walking quickly, at a quick pace. 
 
 § 26. rb &vw y the part (of their army) above ; cf. § 24. 
 
 CHAP. VII. 
 
 They pass through the country of the Taochi where tney take by force a 
 stronghold, and obtain an abundance of provisions, on which they sub- 
 sist in their march through the country of the Chalybes. Having 
 crossed the river Harpasus they march through the country of the 
 Scithini and arrive at Gymnias, where they obtain a guide who con- 
 ducts them to the summit of Mt. Thechcs. Here they have a view 
 of the sea. 
 
 § 1. e/c rovrtaVy sc. rwv Kcofxwv : the villages mentioned just above 4, 
 
 6, 27. Ta6xoi : another form of the word was Tdoi. (The ending -%oi 
 
 is to be explained as in Kapbovxoi, see note 3, 5, 1 5.) The Taochi were 
 known to the old Armenian writers under the name Taikh, to the Geor- 
 gians (to whom they were allied by descent), under the name Tao ; whence 
 we are able to fix their locality, in the valley now called Taoskari, bor- 
 dering on the river Akampsis (now called Dschoroch). 4v oh . . . 
 
 avaKeKO/juo'iJ.zvoi : a condensed form of expression (cf. ixo^v 'ijpTraicSres 1, 
 3, 14) ; in full it would be, into which they had conveyed all their provisions 
 and where they kept them. 
 
 § 2. avr6o~e, to it. See Gr. § 235, 3, Eem. 3. KvuXcp : cf. note 
 
 1, 5, 4. 
 
 § 3. els na\6v, opportunely. So also ets KaWiarov Plat. Euthyd. 275. b. 
 ra iirir^beia : cf. note 2, 2, 3. 
 
 § 4. [xia avrti : cf. note 4, 1, 20. ourco SiarlOerai, is served thus. 
 
 ctkcAtj Kal ir\evpds : cf. note on ne<pu\ds 2, 6, 1. 
 
 § 5. #AAo ri ¥j : cf. note 2, 5, 10. rovrovs : cf. note 3, 5, 9. 
 
 § 6. bieXdeiv has for its subject tj/xus understood. avQ ' a>v, pro- 
 perly over against which, opposite xohich ; in this connection = behind which, 
 a meaning of avri chiefly poetic. 
 
 § 7. iroWoi, used as predicate ; Gr. § 245, 3, (b.) avr6 t this very 
 
 thing. ivOev, like odev, 1, 3, 17. to a place from which. yuKpov n t 
 
 i. e. rb Kombv 7)jj.iirAe9pov § 6. 
 
 § 8. rovrov t this one, i. e. Callimachus. biriffdocpvXa.Kwv, used 
 
344: NOTES. 
 
 adjectively, cf. 4, 1, 6. ko.Q'' eva, one by one, in opposition to the idea 
 
 aOpooi. 
 
 § 10. irpoerpex^. Observe the asyndeton ; cf. note 3, 1, 11. 8vo 
 
 Ka\ rpia p-fi/uarci. : Kai is very often used in designations of number, where 
 
 we should use or ; two or three steps. avexd^ro : cf. note 4, 1, 16. — — 
 
 a,ua£ai is used here simply as a designation of quantity, wagon-loads. 
 
 § 11. tov K. & eiroiet = & 6 KaA. eiroiei, cf. note 1, 1, 5. Aovffiea : 
 
 cf. note 4, 2, 21. avros, himself, i. e. alone. 
 
 § 12. TTJs 'irvos, by the rim of his shield ; depends on eiriXaii^dverai. 
 
 Gr. § 273, Eem. 7. a/jeT^s, a reputation for valor, depends on avre- 
 
 ttoiovvto : Gr. § 273, 3. (b.) 
 
 § 14. iroXXot is placed like bxiya 6, 3, 22. It qualifies irp6$a.Ta as well 
 as [S/>es and vvol. Cf. note on iroXXd 3, 1, 2. 
 
 § 15. XaXvpes, below 5, 5, 17, called XaXdcuoi. It is not possible to 
 fix their locality with any degree of certainty, since no trace of their name 
 has yet been discovered by modern travelers in this entire region. The 
 position given on the map is conjectural and very doubtful. From this 
 point till the Greeks reach the vicinity of the sea, their line of march is 
 
 only conjectural. cou diTJXdov = TOvr<t>v ovs dirjXdov. els x e ?P as • 
 
 cf. 4, 3, 31. For a very different meaning of this expression, cf. 1, 2, 26. 
 
 irrepvywv : wings of the breast-plates, i. e. the extreme parts at the 
 
 top and bottom of the breast-plates, which parts were flexible so as not to 
 
 obstruct the motion of the body. irvuvd and iarpa/j-iva qualify <rirdpTa, 
 
 twisted ropes (set) close together. 
 
 § 16. oarov, as large as. h.v eiropevoyro : see Gr. § 260, 2. (2.) ($.) 
 
 irrix&v : the Attic form is Tnfoecoy, which Krug. substitutes for the 
 
 form contained in all the manuscripts, and which Hert. is inclined to adopt. 
 
 fiiav Aoyxyv %X 0V i having one point. The spear used by the Greeks 
 
 commonly had two points, the one at the hinder end (called travpuT^p, or 
 GTvpaQ being used to fasten the spear in the ground. Cf. Die. Antiqq 
 p. 587, b. 
 
 § 17. ev tovtois avaneK- %<rav : ev with the dat. instead of els with the 
 accus. in connection with verbs of motion occurs particularly with the 
 perf. and pluperf. so that the motion may be contemplated as finished and 
 
 the consequent rest may be indicated by the preposition and its case. 
 
 SierpdcpTiaav : a transition from the indirect narration of the preceding 
 clause to direct narration. 
 
 § 18. "Apiracros. This name has hitherto been applied with the great- 
 est confidence to the northern tributary of the Araxes, now called in 
 Turkish Arpa-su or Arpa-tschai, i. e. Barley-river. By the ancient Arme- 
 nians however this stream was called by the totally different name Achu- 
 rean ; and it is only the resemblance of the modern name to the word 
 
BOOK IV. CHAP. VI r. 345 
 
 Harpasus which has given rise to the supposition of their identity. After 
 all the light which we have been able to obtain respecting the route of the 
 Greeks, it is clear that the Harpasus must be sought much farther west- 
 ward. In all probability it flowed through that deep valley which lies 
 between the table-land of the Chalybians and the sea ; which is now called 
 by the Armenians and Georgians Dschoroch (Turkish Tschoruk-su), but 
 was anciently called Akampsis, and near the coast Apsaros, of which Har- 
 pasus seems to be only a corruption. • %Kvdivoi. Kiepert conjectures 
 that these may be the same as the Hesperitae {'Eo"ir€p7rai) who dwelt in 
 the valley of Dschoroch. 
 
 § 19. kavTwv refers to 6 . . . &px<w including the idea of his subjects. 
 It depends on TroXe/xias x^P as considered as one idea, and may be rendered 
 through their own enemies' country. Cf. kavrwv 3, 4, 41. 
 
 § 20. irevre ^fj.epu>u : cf. note on 5e«a rjfxepcou 1, 7, 18. reOvdvai is 
 
 here as often used in the sense of an aorist. eavroTs : cf. kavruv § 19. 
 
 ivefiaXev is here intrans. It is singular that the action should be 
 
 predicated of the guide rather than of the army or the commander. 
 
 v.Weiv is chiefly poetic in its use. cupolas : repeat 'iveita from the last 
 
 clause. 
 
 § 21. to upos : the article is used because the mountain has been 
 already alluded to in the word yw?' i0V § 20. y\v : cf. note 1, 4, 6. 
 
 § 22. clvtwv limits rivds. {Sooty is added to o^ojSoeia, because in 
 
 actual use, the last part of the compound adjective had nearly lost its 
 force : — wicker shields covered with the untanned hides of shaggy oxen. — — 
 aix(p\ rd : cf. note on a/x<pl rovs 1, 2, 9. 
 
 § 23. 7rAeiW Kal iyyvrepov : nai not unfrequently connects an adjec- 
 tive with an adverb. (Hert.) ad, continually. 6Vo> : the regular 
 
 correlative rocrovTca is not expressed in the preceding clause, but instead 
 of it ttoXXoj. 
 
 § 24. Avkiov : cf. 3, 3, 20. TrapeyyvojvTwv, beckoning, giving a sig~ 
 
 nal, to those who were behind to hasten, that they might the sooner have 
 a view of the sea. 
 
 § 25. ivspUfSaXXov, embraced. ffrpaTrjyoiis, cf. note 3, 5, 7. ■ 
 
 orov is in the gen. abs. with irapeyyv^aavros, when some one (I know noi 
 who) had suggested it. 
 
 § 26. Karere/xye : this was done that the shields might not be after- 
 wards used ; cf. 4, 6, 26. Sie/ceAevero, sc. KaraTe/j.veiv. 
 
 § 27. SapsiKovs : cf. note 1, 1, 9. robs SaKrvXiovs, the rings, i. e. 
 
 those which they wore. " The free Greek, if not of the very poorest class, 
 wore a ring not only as an ornament, but as a signet to attest his signa- 
 ture or for making secure his property." Becker, Charicles, p. 198, 
 note 6. 
 
 15* 
 
346 NOTES. 
 
 CHAP. VIII. 
 
 Passing through the country of the Macrones and of the Colchians, they 
 reach Trapezus, where they remain a month, meanwhile making pre- 
 datory excursions into the country of the Colchians and offering sacri- 
 fices to the gods. 
 
 § 1. tipi^e : of. note on l\v 1, 4, 6. rfa, sc. x&P av - Mdupwves: 
 
 a people living on the northern slope of that part of the Pontic range of 
 mountains which is still called Makur. 
 
 § 2. dlov is used like us to qualify the superlative degree. The full 
 
 expression would he rotovrov oTov io~ri. 6 optfav, sc. irorafiSs. 
 
 St' ov, sc. rod opi^ovros. eKoiTTov, they proceeded to cut down. They 
 
 did this not simply to make the way clear, hut to use the trees which they 
 had felled as temporary bridges. . 
 
 § 3. XiQovs . . . ipp'iTCTovv. This was done that they might approach 
 
 nearer to the Greeks, so as to reach them with their missiles. ov with 
 
 an accent may stand before a vowel in antithesis (even when as here the 
 sentence is not separated from the following) ; cf. 6, 5, 4. 
 
 § 4. ravrrjv is subject accus. before dvai ; e'^uV irarplSa is predicate. 
 
 § 5. ipcoT'fio'avTos, gen. abs. sc. avrov. Cf. \6vruv 1, 4, 12. avri- 
 
 reTcixaTCU = b.vr it er ay jxeyoi elaiy. See Gr. § 116, 15. 
 
 § 6. "On iced fyteis, because you also etc. The idea is, we are your 
 enemies because you also are hostile to us, as appears from your coming 
 
 against our country. \4yeiv. On the asyndeton, cf. 3, 4, 42. — — • 
 
 oti before the oraiio recta ; cf. note 1, 6, 7. irot-fjcrovTes, sc. ipx^eda, 
 
 suggested by epxecrQe. 
 
 § 7. el So?ej/ av, whether they would give ; without &v it would mean, 
 whether they had given. iriard, cf. 1, 6, 7. 
 
 § 8. odbv udoirotow is a pleonasm similar to the one in 4, 7, 22. — — 
 diafiifidcroi/Tes. The difference between fiifidfa and fialva) will not be for- 
 gotten. KaTearrjcrav, 1st aor. and trans. Gr. § 173, Rem. 2. 
 
 § 9. [xeya without fx4u. Cf. rb evpos 3, 4, 7. 
 
 § 10. Travcravras, sc. rjfxas. \6x°vs bpBiovs. Cf. note 4, 2, 11. 
 
 ti) fj.ev . . . T7J 5e, partly . . . partly. Cf. note on irrj fi4u . . . rcf) 5e, 
 
 3, 1, 12. 
 
 § 11. e7r2 ttoT^Xovs, many in depth ; in' b\iyuv, few deep. One would 
 expect the gen. (which is far more common for this idea) in both clauses. 
 The accus. has reference to the antecedent motion in forming the line ; the 
 
 gen., to the consequent rest. TrepiTrevffovffLv tji-iuv, will outflank us. 
 
 • a0p6uv . . . ttoWuv, many, both weapons and men, in a dense mass. 
 
book rv. chap. viii. 347 
 
 § 12. dia\nr6vTas agrees with Ao'xous, being separate, standing apart. 
 
 Cf. SiaXeiiTOiKTais 4, 7, 6. to?s \6x<>is is connected with Karaax^ v i 
 
 tluvt having formed our companies into columns standing apart we should occupy 
 
 with our columns so much space as that etc. '6aov. Cf. 4, 1, 5. ol 
 
 eo'x ar01 ^X 0l i in apposition with the subject of iaSfxeOa, i. e. 7]/xe7s under- 
 stood ; the part being in apposition with the whole. 
 
 § 13. to StaAelTTov, the intervening space, the interval. ivdev Ka\ 
 
 %vQsv : cf. 4, 3, 28. updiov belongs as predicate with irpoo~i6i/Ta, ad- 
 vancing in column. ovSels jurj/ceVt : the double negative ov [x-i] is used 
 
 regularly with the subjunct. aor. or fut. indie. Gr. § 318, 7. 
 
 § 14. to elvai : " Many verbs and verbal expressions which are com- 
 monly constructed with an infin. merely, sometimes take also the infin. 
 with the article r6, even when they would have their object if a substan- 
 tive in the gen." Gr. § 308, Rem. 1. For the negative (xt), cf. note 1, 
 
 3, 2. wllovs KaTa<paye?v, is a proverb drawn probably from Horn. IL 4, 
 
 35, and denoting complete destruction. 
 
 § 15. iu ra?s x&P ais i l7i their places. rov 5e£ioD, sc. e£«. 
 
 § 1 7. avTnrapad4oi/T€S, running along opposite to (the Greeks). 
 
 § 18. diax<&(ovTas : cf. note 4, 1, 16. It evidently means separating, 
 
 being drawn asunder, not as L. & S. define drawing back, recoiling. 
 
 ol . . . veAracrrai, the targeteers who were along by the Arcadian division ; 
 the same as robs Kara \xiaov § 15. 
 
 § 19. ijp^auTO, sc. ol Tre\Tao"Tai. 
 
 § 20. ra a\\a : accus. synec. ra Se 07*771/7? /c.t.A. It has been 
 
 commonly supposed that the honey of which the Greeks ate was made 
 poisonous by being gathered from the flowers of the rhododendron. Koch 
 (d. Zug d. Zebntausend s. 110. cited by Hert.) imagines that the injurious 
 properties of the honey in this instance were owing to its not being suit- 
 ably put up. Kara) . . . avroTs, it passed through them. ttoAv, sc. 
 
 eSrjSo/c^Tey. airoQwr]CKovo'iv, dat. plur. particip. depends on twnscrav 
 
 understood. 
 
 §21. rpoirrjs, a defeat, gen. abs. ave<pp6vovv, they gradually reco- 
 vered their reason. 
 
 § 22. Tpcnre(ovs : familiarly known at the present day under the namo 
 Trebizond (called by the Turks Tarabusun), an important commercial city. 
 
 oiKovfxevr t v, cf. note 1, 4, 1. Iv rw . . . IIoVt^, on the Euxine 
 
 (Gr. § 289, 1) ; not, says Hert., that tv does not as usual signify in, within, 
 but the name of the place with which it stands embraces much more, i. e. 
 all which is adjacent. 
 
 § 23. op/xdb/xevoi : cf. note 1, 1, 9. 
 
 § 24. o-vv^uTvpaTTovro . . . virip, and they joined in a negotiation in be- 
 half of etc., i. e. the inhabitants of Trapezus assisted the neighboring 
 
348 NOTES. 
 
 Colchians in ratifying a treaty with the Greeks. fixdov. Observe that 
 
 it is predicated of something else than persons ; cf. § 25. 
 
 § 25. %v ev^auTO : cf. 3, 2, 9. airodvaai : on the meaning of airo- , 
 
 cf. note 3, 2, 12. rjye/xocrvva, thank-offerings for safe conduct, seems to 
 
 belong solely to 'HpaKXei since he had the appelative 7}yefj.u>v (6, 2, 15 ; 
 6, 5, 24 and 25). Hence Kriig. conjectures that crcoT-qpia has been acci- 
 dentally omitted after cwrripi. Cf. 3, 2, 9 ; 5, 1, 1. imij.s\r]9rjvat and 
 
 irpoaTaT?i(TaL depend on c'lAovto. olkcov KaTaKTavav, having unintention- 
 ally slain. The penalty for this offence in Attica "was exile for one year, 
 but according to the Spartan law, the penalty seems to have been heavier. 
 
 § 26. tk SepfxaTa. These were to be used as prizes at the games. 
 
 ottov : cf. note on ov 2, 1, 6. iv . . . ovtus, in a place so hard and 
 
 rough ; ovtcos placed after the word which it qualifies, as in 2, 4, 7. 
 
 § 27. (rrddiov, accus. of cognate signification, Or. § 278, 2. Accord- 
 ing to the Eng. idiom, in the stadium. For a description of the stadium 
 and also for the length of the SoXixos (commonly given at about 20 stadia), 
 
 cf. Die. Antiqq. art. Stadium. eVepot, sc. r)yovi(ovTO. ttolXtiv k.t.\. 
 
 Cf. Die. Antiqq. art. Lucta. KaTtfirjcrav, entered the contest, lit. went 
 
 down, because the arena was lower than the position occupied by the spec- 
 tators. are, because of, is here followed by the gen. abs. 
 
 § 28. tgv ficcfj-Sv. The point in the stadium from which the runners 
 
 set out and to which they must return. &yeiv. Kriig. understands 
 
 tov i7T7rea as the object of this word. 
 
 BOOK FIFTH. 
 From Trapezus to Cotyora. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 While the Greeks are at Trapezus, Chirisophus is sent to obtain ships of the 
 Spartan admiral Anaxibius that they may proceed by sea. While they 
 are awaiting his return, Xenophon takes measures to obtain other 
 ships, and also to improve the roads in case they shall be compelled to 
 proceed by land. Dexippus is appointed to seize on coasting vessels, 
 but deserts the army ; and Polycrates is appointed to succeed him. 
 
 § 1. fiexpi ivi. Cf. note on eare hri 4, 5, 6. SaXaTTav . . . Il6v- 
 
 T(p, lit. a sea, the one in the Euxine, i. e. a sea which was a part of the Euxine, 
 . a.Tr4dv<rcw. Cf. note 3, 2, 12. ev&VTo : 3, 2, 9. 
 
book v. chap. i. 349 
 
 § 2. Qovpios : from Thurii, a city in Magna Graecia on tho Tarentme 
 
 Gulf. roivvv, (here/ore, is often used a^ the beginning of a speech, 
 
 having reference to some thought not expressed, here perhaps it may he 
 
 rendered, to speak out, to express my opinion. (Hert.) airelp7]Ka, used 
 
 here in the secondary and intransitive sense, / am worn out. kclI . . . 
 
 Kai. The repetition of the conjunction gives greater prominence to each 
 
 particip. <pv\aicas <pv\drrwv. Cf. note 2, 6, 10. eKraOeis, . . . 
 
 KaOevSwv, stretched out, sleeping. These participles form an antithesis in 
 
 the idea to those which follow aTelprjKa. uxnrep 'O5u<ro"eus. Horn. 
 
 Odyss. 13, 78 et seq. 
 
 § 4. £\de?v and fj£a>. Cf. note on i\66vres 2, 1, 1. rpiiipeis, war- 
 ships ; ir\o7a, transports. irAe'iv avr6v, that he should sail. 
 
 § 5. 4tt\ Tr\o?a. Cf. note on hrl 2, 3, 8. iroielv depends on naipSs, 
 
 a suitable time to do. iv rrj /xovij, during our stay. 
 
 § 6. orov u)V7i<r6/j.*8a evivopia, a supply of the means with which we shall 
 purchase. Cf. note on orov 3, 1, 20. 
 
 § 7. ciAAa, cf. note 4, 6, 19. Trpovojxai, foraging parties in distinc- 
 tion from single persons engaged in foraging. aAAws, rashly, carelessly, 
 
 temere. yp-<*s> "■• e - tovs o~Tparr]yovs. 
 
 § 8. eVl Xeiav yap : cf. note on Spare yap 3, 2, 29. oiroi, sc. [ie\- 
 
 Aei e|teVat. iyx*ipfj iroi, attempt any thing in any direction. In several 
 
 instances eyx*tp*iv takes as here the construction of a verb of motion. 
 
 Plat. Menex. 241, d. Thucyd. 8, 27. i<p* ous, understand rovrwv, 
 
 the antecedent of ovs, of those against ichom. Cf. note 3, 1, 21. 
 
 § 9. Kara, is here distributive ; Kara [xepos, part by part, i. e. in turn, 
 
 or by turns. tap . . . ffKoira>iJ.ev, Svvaivr* &v. The protasis lav with 
 
 the subjunctive is followed by the indie* pres. or future when the conse- 
 quence is positive, but by the optat. with &v, when it is probable. 
 
 § 10. wv = rovrwv a : there would be no need of those things which etc. 
 
 avr6dev, from the place itself, from this very region. %v . . . eA0p, 
 
 for if he come back, i. e. with transports. imapxo'vrcw, sc. tvXoiwv. 
 
 § 11. irapairXeovra, sailing by, sailing along the coast. alrrjad/xevoi, 
 
 having borrowed. ir\o?a is sometimes used as a generic word, and thus 
 
 may include the specific idea of triremes or war-ships (cf. 1, 3, 17) ; so 
 
 also fxaKpa irKoia =■ rpvr\peis. Kardyeiv, to bring into port, Lat. dedu- 
 
 cere. to ir7)0*d\ia Traoa\v6[xevoi, taking off the rudders, so that the 
 
 sailors might not escape if they should desire. /co^tS/js, means of 
 
 transportation. 
 
 § 12. evvo^care . . . el, and consider, said he, whether it is not etc. Cf. 
 note 3, 2, 22. vavXov %vvQeo~Qai, to agree upon passage-money. 
 
 § 13. &pa : cf. note 2, 4, 6. 65ovs odoiroie'iv : cf. noto 4^ 
 
 8, 8. 
 
350 NOTES. 
 
 § 14. €7rei^</>f(re ovdev, lit. he put nothing to vote, i. e. nothing pertain- 
 ing to the going by land. 
 
 § 15. y relates to irevrr\K6vrepov, over tohich they appointed etc. ■ 
 
 irepioinov. Cf. Die. Antiqq. art. Perioeci. — iroXvirpayiiovcav ri, while 
 
 engaged in some intrigue. 
 
 § 16. XapfSavoi is iterative. aydyifxa, cargoes. — i^atpov/xevoi. 
 
 This is the common word used to denote the unlading of a vessel. — — els 
 irapayuyfjv, for privateering along the coast. 
 
 CHAP. H. 
 
 Being in want of provisions, the Greeks make an excursion into the coun- 
 try of the Drilae. They storm and take the principal fort Belonging 
 to these people. 
 
 § 1. els AptXas, into (the country of) the Drilae, a mountainous region 
 
 farther from the coast than the country of the Colchians. are : cf. 
 
 note 4, 2, 13. iroXXol belongs as an adjective to oi K6Xxoi, the Col- 
 chians many in number were collected together. 
 
 § 2. 6ir6dev, cf. oOev 1, 3, 17. avrois. The inhabitants of the 
 
 region implied in the word oirSdev. 
 
 § 3. i[xirnrpdvTes (from efXTri7rpr]fJi.i), sc. ol ApiXcu. 
 
 § 4. dopv<p6poi, persons who carried long sticks or poles (jSopdria 6, 4, 
 
 23.) for the purpose of driving away and securing the booty. — els 5i£r%- 
 
 av6- . The nominative would be the usual construction here ; yet cf. 2, 5, 
 35 ; 6, 4, 23. 
 
 § 5. oi 8e, and they, i. e. the "enemy. Cf. note 3, 4, 4. 
 
 § 6. icp ' kv6s, in single file ,• evi with the gen. is used to denote not 
 only the depth (cf. note 1, 2, 15), but also as here the width. 
 
 § 7. 6 . . . Xeyei, and the person who went says (to Xen.). — — on. Cf. 
 note 1, 6, 7. 
 
 § 8. &eo~6ai to oirXa, to halt ; cf. note 1, 5, 14. ws . . . %o?/jiou, as 
 
 if (i. e. in the hope that) the place might be taken. 
 
 § 9. ovk eivai, not to be possible. airodedeiyfievoi t)co.v is middle : 
 
 had expressed the opinion. 
 
 § 11. Troirjcrai, to form, to draw up ; as in 4, 8, 10 and 14. In this 
 sense the mid. is more common. Cf. 4, 8, 12 ; 5, 4, 22 ; 6, 5, 5 and 25. 
 ■ ws . . . aywuieicrQai, as he supposed he might contend most bravely. On 
 
 the construction, cf. note on eav fir) 5i8<2 1, 3, 14. oi Xoxayoi. Cf. 4, 
 
 1, 27 ; 4, 7, 9, et seq. 
 
 § 12. SivyKvX(a/j.evovs : cf. note 4, 3, 28. o"t)ixi\vr\ : cf. note 3, 4, 4. 
 
 ws 8e?j(rov, as if it would be necessary, in the expectation that it would be 
 
BOOK Y. CHAP. II. 351 
 
 necessary. The particip. of an impers. verb in the accns. abs. Gr. § 312, 5. 
 
 ■ iirifiep\T](r6ai : cf. note on iirifiefihrii.iei/ovs 4, 3, 28. tovtwv iiri- 
 
 /j>G\7)9rji>a,i, to see to these things, i. e. all the orders specified after irap-fiy- 
 
 § 13. S^i, accordinglp ; i. e. as a consequence of the crescent-form in 
 which the forces were drawn up. 
 
 § 14. tVel 5e is repeated in consequence of the intervening parenthe- 
 tical clauses ical aAA-fjAovs . . . rd£is -f\v. a/xa Te introduces the prin- 
 cipal clause. cr<pevd6vai : cf. note 3, 3, 16. 
 
 § 15. UeWvvevs : from Pellene, whether from the city of this name in 
 
 Achaia or in Laconia is uncertain. ical tiXXos avafiefi-fjKei, and another 
 
 had gone up (alone, ovk cA/cJ/xevos). 
 
 § 17. ;col exoj/Tes : cf. note on ical tx wv "&•> ^> 2. Ta%a 5e tis. 
 
 The indefinite force of rls may be expressed thus, and now and then om 
 perhaps (fled) etc. 
 
 § 18. tov fiov\6ixevov : cf. note 1, 3, 9. vikwlti . . . ucrudov^voi, 
 
 those (Greeks) rushing within surpass those (Greeks) who toere coming out 
 i. e. they compel them to return. 
 
 § 19. i^KOjxicrapTo, sc. avrd. 
 
 § 20. %v is without a definite subject, trwrripla a<r<p- being predicate : 
 
 for thus there was a secure way of escape (to them). ovtcos (instead of 
 
 outc*)) may stand before consonants when it is particularly emphatic (as 
 here, being used antithetically with aWus). 
 
 § 21. Siypovv, they took away. This was done to make more room and 
 
 thus facilitate their retreat. KaTaKiirSures, cf. note 1, 8, 27. It takes 
 
 for its object the antecedent of ols, i. e. tovtovs understood. 
 
 § 24. KpdvT) Yla<pXayoviKa : according to 5, 4, 13, CKvriva, according 
 to Herod. 7, 72, ireTr\eyp.4va ; hence it appears that they were woven or 
 
 braided of leathern straps. iv. 5e|ja otov St) hd^avros, on the right of 
 
 some one or other who had set fire to it. On the use of otov, cf. note 4, 7, 25. 
 
 § 25. tovto . . . rvxvs, this thing (presented) by good fortune. 
 
 § 26. i\VTrovv, occasioned solicitude. Cf. Cyrop. 3, 3, 50. a/j.<pl 
 
 . . . exoiey, might be busy about these things, i. e. in extinguishing the fires. 
 
 § 29. nai before h.vt\p introduces a fuller statement of what was just 
 before only intimated. 
 
 § 30. diopwvres = dia<paiv6fieva Sp&vres, seeing these things appearing 
 
 at intervals. us . . . ovaav, as if there were an ambuscade ; accus. abs. 
 
 Gr. § 312, 6. lnav6v, a sufficient distance. Kal os : cf. note 1, 8, 16. 
 
 § 31. ol &\Aoi Kp^res, the others, namely the Cretans. Cf. note on oude 
 
 &\\o 1, 5, 5. oA./c/ceo'flcu, that they were overtaken. i{$6a ; cf. note 
 
 1, 8, 12. 
 
 § 32. irrl ir6tia, backwards, i. e. with their faces towards the enemy. 
 
352 NOTES. 
 
 chap. in. 
 
 Compelled by the want of provisions to leave Trapezus, the army resumes 
 its march by land, after having placed tke*invalids and the camp- 
 followers on board the transports which they could command. Having 
 reached Cerasus, they divide the money arising from the sale of the 
 captives, and distribute the tenth part among the generals to be con- 
 secrated to Apollo and Artemis. Xenophon describes in a charming 
 manner the sanctuary which he afterwards consecrated to Artemis in 
 the vicinity of his residence at Scillus. 
 
 § 1. fiev corresponds to 5e before dxXoi. iirope^ovTo, sc. Kara yr\v. 
 
 § 2. Kepatrovs. A place in the lower part of a valley, which is now 
 called Kerasun-Dere ; distinct from the city Kerasonda or Kiresun situated 
 farther westward, not mentioned by Xen. but known in ancient times, first 
 under the name Kerasus, afterwards by the name Pharnacia. Both places 
 receive their name from the abundance of cherries (called in Armenian 
 Keras ; in modern Persian and Turkish Kires) which grow wild in this 
 
 region, and which were taken from this region to Italy by Lucullus. 
 
 rptrcuoi, on the third day. Cf. note on <tkotcuoi 2, 2, 17. 
 
 § 3. iv to?s ottXois, under arms. This expression, says Kriiger, is added 
 because without it, the implication would be that they were mustered and 
 
 numbered without their arms, as often happened. a/x(pl . . . /u.vplovs, 
 
 in round numbers about 10,000. Cf. note 1, 2, 9. e? ns, now and 
 
 then one, sc. aTrcoAero. 
 
 § 4. to . . . yeyS/xeuoy, the money raised from (the sale of) etc. 
 
 tV Senaryy, sc. [xepiSa. The most common ellipses of the fern, gender 
 
 are rt/xepa, 77} or x^pa, odos, fxo?pa f x^Pi an< ^ P*pis. to . . . &eo7s, 
 
 each one to preserve for the gods his part. ^Aaivatos : from Asine, a oity 
 
 in Laconia. I'AajSe, sc. to piepos. 
 
 § 5. With rb tov 3 Air6\., understand /xepos, as also § 6 with t& ttjs 
 'ApTe/x. : having made (of) the part belonging to Apollo a votive offering, he 
 
 consecrates it etc. tu>v 'AQifjvaicou Sr-rjaavpSy. Athens like the othei 
 
 Grecian cities had its own treasure-chamber at Delphi. 
 
 § 6. ots airriei k.t.X. See Introduction § 1. t^v . . . oSov, accus 
 
 of cognate meaning with aTnjei. Meydfiufys was not the individual, 
 
 but the official name of the priests of Artemis at Ephesus. ayadeTyai, 
 
 sc. e7recrTeiAei/. Troirjcrdfizvov : cf. note on Aa/3oVra 1, 2, 1. 
 
 § 7. €(pevyev : cf. note on tovs (pevyovras 1, 1, 7. For an explanation 
 
 of the allusion, see Introduc. § 1. Zv ^.klKKovvtl : see Introduc. § 1. 
 
 oirov . . . §e6s, where the god in an oracle directed ; 6 beds means 
 
 Apollo, when an oracle is spoken of. 
 
BOOK V. CHAP. IV. 353 
 
 § 8. 5m /jea-ov rod : cf. 1, 2, 7. ev . . . ev. The same preposition 
 
 repeated. Cf. els . . . els 4, 4, 14. frrjpai, sc. elaiv. 
 
 § 9. <TK7\vov(riv : cf. note on avc7ji/oiWas 4, 5, 33. twi/ . . . Aa%os, 
 
 a share of the animals which -were sacrificed from the sacred herd. Actios, 
 chiefly poetic, occurs also G, 3, 2. 
 
 § 10. $o\6i]s. A range of mountains between Elis and Arcadia. 
 
 § 11. eari Se /c.t.A.., ancZ the place is where they go etc., i. e. in our 
 
 idiom, and the place is on the road from etc. evi = evecrri. luava 
 
 . . . rpecpeiv, sufficient to support etc. ei/wx^o'dai is here predicated of 
 
 animals (to virofyyia). 
 
 § 12. '6<ra] a brief expression for tovtwv or iravTwv '6<ra, the supplied 
 gen. depending on devBpwv : trees (of all fruits') which when ripe are eaten 
 raw. XP V0 ~V '• perhaps means only gilded instead of golden, since ac- 
 cording to Pliny the image of Diana at Ephesus was of ebony, according 
 to Vitruvius of cedar. It may be however that the image in the older 
 temple (which was burned by Ilerostratus) was destroyed with the temple, 
 and that this older image was actually made of gold. 
 
 § 13. KaraQvetv and eiricKevd^eiv instead of the imperat., an idiom very 
 
 common in the older Ionic, but found in Xen. only in this passage. 
 
 t/; &ecp /xeAriaei is intended as a warning, it will concern the goddess, or the 
 goddess will see to it. 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 The march through the country of the Mossynoeci ; a picture of their 
 savage and disgusting manners. 
 
 § 1. o'lirep Ka\ irpSaOeu : cf. 5, 3, 1. 
 
 § 2. els avrovsy like els Apl\as 5, 2, 1. us Sta <pi\ias : cf. note 4, 
 
 1, 8. Zifooiev : cf. 3, 2, 23 and 4, 1, 8. 
 
 § 3. ol . . . erreKetua, those who dwell beyond ; e/c rod, cf. irpbs rot; 2, 
 
 2, 4. robs apxovrasy the chief men (of the Mossynoecians who dwelt 
 
 farther along (ol e/c rov eireKeiva) than those who refused to let the Greeks 
 pass through their country). 
 
 § 5. Ziao-(aQi]uai . . . 'Ek\dSa, to pass through in safety to Greece etc. Cf. 
 eVw£oj/To irpbs to (TTpaToiredov, Cyrop. 5, 4, 16 Instead of irpSs, els would 
 be more common. (Hert.) 
 
 § G. TTcvirore stands often in affirmative sentences, especially in those 
 
 which are hypothetical. (Krug.) Kal rb Xonrbv . . . tovtovs, and that 
 
 these men henceforth be your subjects, depends on e^ecrrtv v/xiv. 
 
 § 8. o &px<»v : the principal man among the chiefs (§ 3, 4), who acted 
 as speaker. 
 
354 NOTES. 
 
 § 9. rl . . . xp^^ a ^ a h f or what you will want to make use ofus; instead 
 of rifxoov, we should expect rifuv as dependent on xpv ff ^ a h but by a species 
 of anticipation the pronoun is put in the case required by de-fjo-ecrBe. 
 
 § 10. on. Cf. note 1, 6, 8. tV tw? . . . iroXejxiwv belongs to 
 
 X&po-v as an adjective clause. 
 
 § 11. e7rl tovtois : cf. 3, 2, 4. irXoTa p.oy6^v\a, boats made of one 
 
 piece of wood, i. e. canoes. • ■ ol 5uo : the article is used because by giv- 
 ing the whole sum the part is consequently definite. According to our 
 idiom the article would not be translated. 
 
 § 12. iarricrav, they (i. e. the barbarians who remained) stood. • 
 jxdKicrra, at most = about, since in approximate designations of number the 
 
 highest estimate is given. — — oiov, as for example. fiowj/ : cf. note 
 
 4, 5, 14. £v\ov depends not on omaQev but upon ccpaipoeides and is 
 
 gen. of the material : — and having at the hinder extremity the form of a ball, 
 made of the wood itself. 
 
 § 13. vTrep yovdrwv, above the knees, i. e. they did not reach down to 
 
 the knees. Xivov ffTpa/j.aTodeo'fj.ov limits x iTa>v ' l0 ~ K0vs i an( ^ we^os ^ s 
 
 accus. by synec. ; cf. evpos and irXiQpwv 1, 2, 23 ; lit. about of a linen bed- 
 sack in thickness, i. e. of about the thickness of a linen bed-sack. ■ ■riapo- 
 
 ei5?) qualifies Kpdvt\. craydpeis : cf. note 4, 4, 16. 
 
 § 15. oukcTto : cf. note 1, 4, 1. ad, at any time, a common mean- 
 ing of ad when placed between the article and particip. or adject. The 
 
 account of this word in L. & S. is defective. Tvdvrav depends on 
 
 iyKpareTs. 
 
 § 16. Trpoo'i6i>TC0j' 1 sc. avTav. Cf. irpo'iSvTwv 1, 2, 17. reus [a4v : 
 
 cf. note 4, 2, 12. 
 
 § 17. v6(ag> rivi, in a certain tune. 
 
 § 20. to? uvrt, in reality. na\ 7]/J.as, sc. iroXe/xiovs elvai. ct7rep, 
 
 sc. eirpa^av. St/crjf dedc&Kao'iv : cf. note on Sidoir] Siktjj/ 2, 6, 21. — — 
 
 avdis, again, in future. 
 
 § 21. oi>x opo'iois . . . vvv Te koX ore, lit. they will not fight with similar 
 men both noio and when etc., i. e. in our idiom, they will not fight with the 
 same men novo as when etc. 
 
 § 22. Kara, ravrd, after the same manner as the Greeks, i. e. in column. 
 
 § 23. fjo-av . . . o'i, for some of the enemy. Gr. § 331, Rem. 4. ro?s 
 
 Xldois, with the stones, i. e. with such as they had, or with such as they 
 
 could pick up. av£o~TeXXov, attempted to drive back. Cf. note on iflid- 
 
 £ero 1, 3, 1. irpaiTOV fiev : the antithesis would be Zireira Se avw irpbs 
 
 tt]v /xriTpSiroXiu, instead of which another construction § 25 is substituted, 
 owing to the intervening clause. 
 
 § 25. rots iraXrols. The article is used because iraXrd have already 
 been mentioned § 12, as weapons used by the Mossynoeci. — &XXa 
 
 
BOOK V. CHAP. IV. 355 
 
 SSpara, having other (weapons) also (namely) spears etc. Cf. note on &Wo 
 
 SevSpov 1, 5, 5. e'/c x el P^ s i ty casting (these weapons) from the hand ; 
 
 cf. e/c x eL P^ s fidWovres 3, 3, 15. 
 
 § 26. ical epTevdev, from this place also, as from the place mentioned 
 
 § 24. ku\ (pvXa.TTOvo'iy, and (whom) they guard. Mossyni reges suffra- 
 
 gio deligunt vinculisque et artissima custodia tenent. Pompon. Mela 1, 19. 
 (cited by Hert.) iv tw irp6repou alpeOevn x a pW'' tne pl ace men- 
 tioned § 15, as being in front of the metropolis. — — — fioaavvois, a hetero- 
 clitic form of fiScrcw. 
 
 § 27. v*vt\\x£vwv, from v4u, I pile up, or hoard up. - irarplovs ; Hert. 
 
 understands this in the sense of irarpcoovs, handed down from their fathers, 
 and supposes that something like skip-bread is described : Krug. more 
 naturally takes the word in its ordinary sense, such as they were accustomed 
 
 to hoard up from the times of their forefathers. at ir\zio~Tai 1 the chief 
 
 part ; assimilated to the same form with £eicu' ; though we should expect 
 6 ttKucttos as the form suggested by olrov. In like manner in § 29 Tovrcp 
 instead of rovrois, sc. Kapvois. 
 
 § 28. icapva ra irXaria, chestnuts, which grow in that region in great 
 abundance. They were probably little known to the Greeks of that time. 
 
 § 29. tovto), cf. note § 27. tr\zio~Tu> belongs to tovtoj as predi- 
 cate. These they made use of even in the greatest abundance as food etc. 
 
 olvos : still made in the valleys of this region from the grapes which grow 
 wild. 
 
 § 30. ■Kpoaex^pow, surrendered. al 8e, without a preceding at {xev, 
 
 limits the too general statement which precedes : some more, some less. 
 
 § 31. ava.(io<i)VT(tiv . . . £vwf)Kovov, and they mutually heard one another in 
 
 shouting etc. els tV . . . e/c rrjs . . . : the common order would be e/c 
 
 rrjs . . . ets tV . . . : yet cf. 6, 4, 2. 
 
 § 32. twj/ evdoufiSuuv, like beatorum, = twv irXovcriow. ov iroXKov 
 
 b*£ouras . . . elvai, lit. wanting not much to be, = almost. icrriy^iuovs 
 
 avOe/jiia, tattooed with figures of flowers. The expression in the act. is gtI- 
 £eiv riva avQepua. 
 
 § 33. ah by attraction instead of as. ccpicri : the reflexive is used 
 
 because the Mossynoeci are thought of as the logical subject. 
 
 § 34. %\tyov : see Introd. § 6. tovtovs fiapfiapuTdrovs 5ie\6e?y, 
 
 lit. that they passed through these the most barbarous, i. e. that these were the 
 
 most barbarous people through whom they passed etc. rokfxwev, sc. iroie'iv. 
 
 ofxoia . . . uvres, they did such things as (they would do) in the presence 
 
 of others ; these things he immediately enumerates. icp' kavrwv, by 
 
 themselves, i. e. when alone ; a conjecture of Krug. instead of i<p' eavrols, 
 at themselves ; cf. 2, 4, 10. rvxotey, sc. ovrss. 
 
356 NOTES. 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 Passing through the country of the Chalybes they reach Cotyora. Here 
 they remain forty-five days, subsisting meanwhile by plundering the 
 territory of the Paphlagonians and also of Cotyora. The Sinopians 
 complain of this, but are silenced by a decisive reply from Xenophon. 
 
 § 1. XaXvfias : not the same as these mentioned above 4, 7, 15. 
 
 § 2. kolI . . . ovTjdrjvai <n, and that the army be benefited somewhat ; in- 
 stead of the pass. bvr\Qi]vai, we should expect here the act. bvr\cai ; for a 
 
 similar change of construction, cf. 7, 3, 3. 7//ce, predicated of things, 
 
 cf. 4, 8, 24. 
 
 § 3. KaradvaavTcov, sc. avrcov. yywfiTjv : the singular number, 
 
 though predicated of several persons : a common idiom in Greek as also 
 
 in English. Korvcapa : now called Ordu. airoiicovs : in apposition 
 
 with the collective noun iv6\iv. ivras Se' : without a preceding /j.4y ; 
 
 cf. note on i/xhs Se' 1, 7, 9. 
 
 § 4. iire^evaey, from 7re£euw. TrXr,0os . . . rr,s 65ov : Herod. 4, 123, 
 
 uses Tr^TJdos in the same way ; but in 1, 72, and 2, 11, he uses firiKos 
 
 nstead of irXyfios. Cf. note on apidj.Cbs rr\s 65ov 2, 2, 6. iy BafivXwvi 
 
 may be rendered in the neighborhood of Babylon. Cf. note on iy . . . HSyrcp 
 4, 8, 22. & X P L els '• cf - note 4 > 5 > 6 - 
 
 § 7. (pofZovfieuoi, though it agrees grammatically with Trptafieis, in 
 idea it is predicated of all the Sinopians. ■ cp6poy ecpepov : cf. cpvXaKas 
 <pv\a.teiv 2, 6, 10. deiybs . . . Xeyeiy, reputed to be an eloquent man. 
 
 § 8. Te . . . Se' are here correlative. The adversative Se indicates that 
 the clause which it introduces contains a much more important statement 
 than the preceding clause. ^vvnadricroixivovs, to congratulate you etc* 
 
 § 11. ivlovs is in apposition with v/j.as, the part in apposition with 
 
 the whole : cf. note on avOpuirovs 2, 5, 5. ol> Treidovras after fita is 
 
 pleonastic. 
 
 § 12. ravra . . . d|to? i aej', ii:herefore we do not consider these things pro- 
 per. — — KopvAav : ruler of the Paphlagonians, cf. 6, 1, 2. &\Aot 
 
 bvTiva : cf. note on aXXa onScra 1, 10, 3. 
 
 § 13. 'Hpels Se' : cf. note on Se 4, 6, 10. ciyeiv ical <p4peiy : cf. 
 
 note 2, 6, 5. 
 
 § 14. iy Tpaire^ovvri jiiv. The correlative clause is Korvcapiras Se' § 19. 
 
 avd y Ziv = avr\ rovrcoy a, since ri/j.uy may take an accus. both of a 
 
 person and of a tbing ; cf. 1, 3, 3. ayri is expressed both in composi- 
 tion with the verb and also before the case. rovrwy refers to the col- 
 lective rls : cf. avrovs 1, 4, 8. yyolyro, iterative optative. 
 
 
BOOK V. CHAP. VI. 357 
 
 § 15. rifxcov is the object of trvyav, 6irolu>u riv&v is predicate ; what 
 sort of men they found us (to be). 
 
 § 16. &u re . . . a\v re : supply mentally the clause iKdSvres . . . 
 exco/J-ev. 
 
 § 17. kcu fidXai cf. note 1, 5, 8. iroXefilovs iKTrjaa.iJ.eOa, we ac- 
 quired as enemies, i. e. we made (them) our enemies. 
 
 § 18. Mdupcoj/as : cf. 4, 8, 8. rwv eKetuwu, of those things belonging 
 
 to them / cf. rod i/teli/ov SovAou 2, 5, 38. 
 
 § 19. Koruwpiras 5e, But in respect to the inhabitants of Cotyora. We 
 should naturally expect here the nominative as subject of eifflv. The 
 accus. may be explained as an instance of inverted attraction to the case 
 of the relative ovs ; or with Kriig. as an anacoluthon, the sentence com- 
 mencing as though eJf ri acppp^fieOa were to follow. 
 
 § 20. b . . . \eyeis, but as to ichat you say etc. We should expect eZ 
 
 foOi on r)/j.e7s, instead of i)fie?s alone; cf. 6, 1, 29. ^.. . xtoptoif, 
 
 where the place itself (from the nature of its situation) gave us admission. 
 
 5e after aic-nvovffi, used like aXka. 3, 2, 13. i-irl : cf. note 1, I, 4. 
 
 KOfxto'ao-dai, to carry ourselves, i. e. to go. Cf. 3, 2, 26. 
 
 § 21. oi &\\oi is in apposition with the subject of atc-nvovixev, but we 
 
 the others etc. Cf. ol arparinyoi 2, 5, 25. vnaidpioi : cf. note on <tko- 
 
 ratoi 2, 2, 17. 
 
 § 22. i)fjLe?s Se. Through the word de, the following part of the sentence 
 exhibits an anacoluthon with respect to the beginning ; as though it had 
 commenced cb p.ev 7}irei\r]oras. iroiovfieQa : the fut. would be the com- 
 mon construction. rbv IlacpXayoua = rbv dpxovra r&v Tla<p\ay6vQ)V. 
 
 § 24. rois elpij/xevois, at those things which had been spoken, i. e. by their 
 
 own orator Hecatonymus. £evlois, connect with de^4/xe8a, we will 
 
 receive you with gifts of hospitality. robs ivBdde, i. e. the Cotyorians. 
 
 § 25. re after £evia is a correlative of Kal before irp6s. ewir^Seia 
 
 = <pi\iiccL. 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 
 The Sinopians advise the Greeks to proceed by sea, and they agree to fol- 
 low the advice on condition that the Sinopians furnish a sufficient 
 number of ships for the purpose. The design of Xenophon to found a 
 new city in Pontus is frustrated by the treachery of the soothsayer 
 Silanus. 
 
 § !• XP'h ' 1 ^ 01 - ' • vyou/xevoi : the Sinopians seemed etc. It is more 
 easily traislated impersonally, it seemed that the Sinopians by acting as 
 
 guides would be useful ; a\v belongs to elvai. elre Kara frdXarrav, SC. 
 
 5 e'oi iropeieaQai. 
 
358 NOTES. 
 
 § 2. leal T)liovv . . . j;v/xfSov\sveiv, and they demanded of (the Sinopians) 
 as Greeks, that they should above all things receive (them) favorably in this 
 way, in being friendly to Greeks and in giving the best advice ; "EAA?j<n de- 
 pends on evvovs, but is placed next to "EWrjvas uvtcls, on account of the 
 paronomasia. Cf. note 1, 9, 2 ; tovtco i. e. tw elvai k.t.X. See Gr. § 304, 2. 
 
 § 3. i£bv . . . elvai, it being permitted to befriends to the bjarbarians. Cf. 
 note 2, 5, 22. 
 
 § 4. iroWa . . . yivono : a wish, would that etc. avr-q is subject ; 
 
 and as usual is assimilated in form to tbe following predicate : \eyofievn 
 eivai, said to he, a common method of citing a proverb. Gr. § 264, Rem. 1. 
 The proverb alluded to was Uphv r) <Tv}j.fiov\4], advice is a sacred thing. We 
 may render the clause somewhat freely, for this (fact), advice is a sacred 
 thing according to the proverb, (this) seems now to be fulfilled, (lit. seems to be 
 present toith me.) — — yap after vvv has reference also to the sentence et 
 u\v . . . rauavrla ; so also in § 6 the second yap refers to the same sen- 
 tence as the first yap. 
 
 § 5. to. irXola, the boats ; the article here does not imply that they have 
 
 been mentioned, but means simply the requisite boats. t)y . . . oreA- 
 
 Xvade, but if you set out etc. 
 
 § 6. XeKTeo a yiyvdotfuw, I must tell you what I judge (to be best). For 
 the construction of Ae/crea, see Gr. § 284, 3, (12). 
 
 § 7. ou yap icriv, sc. rr]U elo~fio\riv Troie?a6ai. #AA?7 $) y, any 
 
 where else than where. rrjs 68ov depends on enarepa. o depends 
 
 on Kar^xovTes. na\ Trdvv, even very. 
 
 § 8. Ka\ vvv, arid now ; doubtless on the occasion of the battle of Cuna- 
 xa. p-tiCov eppove?, is too proud, i. e. to obey the summons of the king. 
 
 § 9. K\4\pai : cf. note 4, 6, 11. — — iwl tovs iroTa/xovs, to the rivers ; 
 the article is used because they are to be mentioned immediately, so that 
 
 we may render iirl tovs, to the following. ■ irXiQpwv limits QepputSovTa : 
 
 cf. note 1, 2, 23. &AAws re Kal tto\-, especially when at the same time 
 
 enemies etc. Cf. 7, 7, 40. a/3aT0S, notfordable (Kriig.). 
 
 § 10. ov : not only. 
 
 § 11. KopvXa : objective genitive limiting <pi\ias. This Doric form 
 of the gen. was used also by Attic writers in certain appellatives and in 
 foreign proper names, especially Doric and Aeolic proper names. Gr. § 44, 
 Rem. 2. 5' ovv : cf. note 1, 2, 12. 
 
 § 12. ovtco 5e ex e£ » Du ^ ^ ie case * s *hus = but on this condition. 
 
 7}fxe?s Se : cf. L. & S. under Se, 4. In such a connection we cannot well 
 translate Se. 
 
 § 13. x &P a ■ loco - Cf - 5 > 7 > 28 - 
 
 § 15. Kal Imre'is . . . iKavovs : lit. and horsemen also (being) already 
 even very skilful through discipline. — — tvQa . . . TrapetnceucurflTj, where so 
 
BOOK V. CHAP. VI. 359 
 
 great a force could not be collected with small means, i. e. in case any one 
 
 should wish to found a colony in that region. avr<S is repeated for the 
 
 sake of perspicuity, hecause aevocpwyTi is so far removed. Cf. o.vt6v 2, 4, 7. 
 
 § 16. avrSw, of themselves, i. e. Xen. and his men. ~2,iXav6v : cf. 
 
 1, 7, 18. 
 
 § 17. eavrtS : cf. note on kavr6v 1, 8, 29. 
 
 § 18. ras Sena rj/xepas : the article is used hecause the 5e/ca tj/j.- are 
 
 mentioned 1, 7, 18. 7jA.^0eu<T€ : cf. note on aXnOevvai 4, 4, 15. 
 
 Kvpca, for Cyrus, limits &v6/ievos. 
 
 § 19. on is repeated on account of the intervening clause. Cf. 7, 4, 5 ; 
 and fit in 3, 2, 25. 
 
 § 20. ix^v depends on air6povs, being at a loss etc. us otKatie, as 
 
 if towards home, with the intention of going home. tt}s . . . olKovjxiuns y 
 
 partitive gen. dependent on e/cAe|a,uez/ot. Karaax^iv, airievat, and fxi- 
 
 veiv depend on (JovXecrOe ; but the first is to he connected in idea with 
 fiov\7)(rde, the second with rbv fieu i04\ovra, the third with rbv Se i6e- 
 Xovtol. 8e after irXo?a is used in the same way as 8e after r]jue?s in § 12. 
 
 § 22. aV/xej/os : cf. note 2, 1, 16. irpocrexzi-v f-ovy, to direct atten- 
 tion towards staying, i. e. towards settling in this region. 
 
 § 23. Kv£lkt}v6v, sc. ffrarrjpa ; was equal in value to the Daric, cf. 1, 
 1, 9. The name is from the island Cyzicus where this stater was coined. 
 
 Die. Antiqq. art. Stater. e/coj/res, sc. ol iroXTrai implied in t) ir6h is. 
 
 Cf. airoiKOvs 5, 5, 3. 
 
 § 24. ev8ev, to a place where. Cf. note on oQev 1, 3, 17. not rrjs 
 
 . . . Trdo"r)s, and all the government of Pharndbazus, i. e. the satrapy called 
 Dascylitis, to which, besides the countries mentioned, Bithynia also he- 
 longed. £vveo*TpaTev<r6cu k.t.X. This took place in 411 B. C. Cf. 
 
 Thucyd. 8, 61 and 80. 
 
 § 25. tw {SovKoixivu is connected like aureus with ecreortfat just as 
 though uiCTe had not been expressed. It must be rendered as though it 
 were rbv fiovXSjxevov. 
 
 § 26. tV pio-Qocpopav, the (requisite) pay. Cf. tt)v before Si/ctjj/ 1, 3, 
 20. ware : cf. note 2, 6, 6. 
 
 § 27. els often stands with verbs of speaking, because (says Hert.) the 
 speaker is conceived of as entering into the midst of the hearers ; cf. 28, 
 
 37. rb koiv6v, the common authority having charge of the general 
 
 interests ; cf. 5, 7, 17. 
 
 § £8. Kal vvv : cf. note on koI t6tg 4, 8, 11. 
 
 § 29. rb fill/ fieyicTTov, the most important thing, chief y ; cf. 1, 3, 10. 
 
 &ireipou, sc. ruy Upuv. i/j.ol depends on iirifiovX-fj. Verbal nouns 
 
 not unfrequently take the construction of the verbs from which they are 
 derived. itrePovAeve, used here with the infin. : planned, plotted. 
 
360 NOTES. 
 
 § 30. acp' ou . . . Sore, lit. whence it might take place so that, or in an 
 Eng. idiom, how it might be brought about that etc. ware is not unfrequently 
 used in this manner after yiyveaOai. rhv [iev, and rhv Se are in par- 
 titive apposition with vjxas. Cf. note 4, 6, 25. rbv oe /j.^ $ov\6ixevov, 
 
 but the one not wishing (to sail away at once, might sail) after he had ac- 
 quired etc. 
 
 § 31. Kal . . . avdpas, and see persons promising etc. The allusion is to 
 
 Tima?K)n and Thorax. aw^wp-ivovs evBa, arriving safely at the place 
 
 where etc. fiovAofjieda : cf. note 5, 7, 6. jxiaBov t?js awryptas, pay 
 
 for arriving in safety. Cf. p.ia6bv ttjs aacpaAelas, 7, 6, 30. 
 
 § 32. &v belongs to elvai and e%^v, cf. 5, 6, 1. iv yap . . . rjrrS- 
 
 va>v ; for the same sentiment, cf. 3, 2, 28. SiaairaaOevres Kal yevo- 
 
 fievTir : cf. note 1, 10, 6. x a ' l P 0VTes i see L. & S. VII, 2. 
 
 § 33. apdrci) rr\v X.eipa : cf. note 3, 2, 9. 
 
 § 34. tV 5i/c77j/ : # cf. note 1, 3, 20. 
 
 f 35. ra %pi\\xara . . . i^peva/xevoi %aav, deceived in respect to the money, 
 
 did rot keep their word in respect etc. rr\s fjuadotpopas limits ra xP"h~ 
 
 fiara. The position of the gen. is no more strange than that of rwv Kap- 
 Souvcoi' (the second) 4, 3, 1 . 
 
 § 36. avenGKoivaivTo : cf. 3, 1, 5. $aaiv : the well-known river of 
 
 this name in Colchis ; cf. not: i, 6, 4. 
 
 § 37. els r-fjv : cf. note § 27 above. yvd>ixi)v : cf. note 1, 6, 9. 
 
 q»k eKKATi<rid(ei.jfy several manuscripts and editions have ^ e/c. Kiihner 
 «\ys, utrumque aptum ; pfi, ne concionem convocarent ; ovk, se nolle convo- 
 lve concionem. Cf. Thucyd. 1, 39. v/aas a£iovvres ou |u i u^ta^e«'. 
 
 CHAP. VII. 
 
 Much excitement prevails in the army occasioned by the report that Xeno- 
 phon is about to conduct them back to the Phasis. Xenophon calls 
 the army together and eloquently defends himself; he then takes occa- 
 sion to describe the conduct of a part of the army who had abused 
 ambassadors sent from Cerasus. A resolution is passed that the affair 
 be investigated. 
 
 § 1. ird\iv els $aaiv, back to Phasis. It seems that Neon confounded 
 the Phasis in Colchis to which the other generals proposed to sail with the 
 Phasis which they had passed in Armenia. Cf. 4, 6, 4. 
 
 § 2. £v\Aoyoi, gatherings of the soldiers ; /cu/cAot, groups collected 
 around one person who acted as speaker. Cf. Lat. circuli. — — Kal [xd\a 
 (pofiepol jjGav, fjL-fj, and they were causing much fear, lest ; in other words. 
 and it was greatly to be feared, that etc. -— — rovs : the article is used as 
 
BOOK V. CHAP. VII. 361 
 
 if the events here alluded to, though not related till afterwards, were al- 
 ready known to the reader. 
 
 § 3. ayopdv is here used in the sense of eKKX-qcxiav, a use not common 
 in the Attic writers. 
 
 § 4. on, that, saying that. 
 
 § 5. avTois xpyvQ*! treat them, use them. 
 
 § 6. ro{jfj.Tra\iv irpbs k<o : repeat from the preceding clause Se? iropev- 
 
 eadai. ws tfXios . . . iyrevdev : that the sun rises at that point and sets 
 
 yonder, while (in fact) it sets there and rises from thence. The meaning of 
 this sentence would be rendered perfectly clear by the gestures of the 
 speaker. 
 
 § 7. fiopeas and p6tos : without the article, as the names of winds are 
 
 often used ; cf. 4, 5, 3. See also note on tfXios 1, 10, 15. i^airarrjo-ai. 
 
 On this form of the optat. see Gr. § 116, 9. Notice also the difference in 
 accent between this word and the infin. in § 6. 
 
 § 8. aAAa yap : but (some one may say, I may deceive you) for. 
 
 § 9. iroiw, / make this supposition, I will suppose. Kal $4), and 
 
 grant that. ttws . . . ^ovXev6p.evos, how therefore could a single man 
 
 suffer a worse punishment than by forming such plans etc. 
 
 § 10. iyprjyopevai (from iyelpoi) . . . iirifxeX6/xeyov, to watch, (while) 
 
 caring for etc., i. e. to watch carefully etc. vapit}fii, sc. apxeiv, I give 
 
 it up to him. The asyndeton adds greatly to the vivacity of the descrip- 
 tion. pi6vov, adv. only. 
 
 § 11. aXXa yap : cf. note 3, 2, 26. &XXov is the object of ££aira- 
 
 rr^aai, with which supply &v from the preceding clause ; or that I might 
 deceive any other person etc. 
 
 § 12. oTav . . . aXis ex7jT6, when you have enough of, are satisfied in 
 
 respect to etc. — — el eweiai Kal eo'rai : cf. note on irepuao'i 4, 1, 3. 
 
 olou virodeiKwaiv, such as it appears in the beginning (foro-). Kal (piXcov 
 
 Kal TroXe/iiwv, in apposition with aydpcoiruv. 
 
 § 13. wv = tovtuu a. Sokovo'i . . . rives, and some of you also seem 
 
 to me ; or thus, and I think that some of you also ; eX66ures . . . &7reA0e2V, 
 having gone . . . returned back again. 
 
 § 14. tovto KarapiaOwv ort, by anticipation instead of Kara/tad by on 
 
 rovro : cf. note 1, 1, 5. avrovs, i. e. rovs ev r$ X^f'V • c ^ o-toIkovs 
 
 5, 5, 3. 
 
 § 15. eX6e?v : cf. note 2, 1, 1. TrapairXeovres : in 5, 1, 16, 
 
 ■jrapayayf) is used. It will be recollected that a part of the army 
 
 (cf. 5, 3, 1,) was conveyed in boats along the coast. eX n : cf. note 
 
 1, 5, 1. 
 
 § 16. avrbv . . . yevofiev-q, day unexpectedly breaks upon him ,• cf. 3, 4, 
 
 49. ol Se nves : cf. note 2, 3, 15. 
 
 16 
 
362 NOTES. 
 
 § 17. devpo e£ct>p / ucDjuej', we set out (to come) hither. rcav ttXcSutuv ; 
 
 cf. 5, 4, 1. rb KOivbv rb 7]ixerepoyj our common authorities, the officers 
 
 of our army ; cf. 5, 6, 27. 
 
 § 18. e7rel . . . ecpao~av, but when they declared, said they (the Cera- 
 suntii) ; the accusative with the infin. or as here the noininat. (<T(pe?s) with 
 the infin. may stand even after conjunctions (as e7ret) just as after relative 
 pronouns (e. g. 2, 2, 1.) ; ff<pe?s, the suhject of the infin. Xeyew, stands 
 instead of acpas hecause the infin. and the governing verb e<pa<raj/ have the 
 same subject. (Hert.) Still the construction of cruets Xeyew is very un- 
 usual and there is some reason to doubt the correctness of the text. 
 
 airb koivov, by public authority. KeXeveiv, in the same construction with 
 
 Xe£ai to which it is connected by koi. robs . . . 8eo/j.4vovs, the persons 
 
 ashing this, i. e. the friends of the deceased. This clause is in apposition 
 with avrovs and is the subject of frdirreiV) that they themselves should take 
 and bury the dead. 
 
 § 19. rivis : cf. note 3, 3, 4. robs fiapfidpovs oiroi, instead of Siroi 
 
 ol fidpfiapot : cf. note § 14 above. ro?s XiQois : cf. note 5, 4, 23. 
 
 TrapeKeXevovro, sc. fiaXXeiv. 
 
 § 21. T&v oirXwv : cf. note on rk oirXa 2, 2, 20. 
 
 § 22. us &v : sc. airox^po'iey, as they would (naturally) withdraw after 
 having even witnessed etc. 
 
 § 26. tovtovs rl doKure : what do you think of these persons ? Hertlein 
 
 supposes here an ellipsis of some infin. as Spaffcu. 7)?jikovj/ has the force 
 
 of a pluperf. So also a5i/cet § 29 is perf. in meaning. Cf. note on vmav 2, 1, 1. 
 
 § 27. aveXsaQai depends on Kvpioi, without rod before the infin. Cf. 
 
 note on aviaracdai 4, 4, 11. ol f$ovX6[j.evoi : the sing, would be more 
 
 common. ruv Uvruv limits X6yuv. 
 
 §28. iv ov5ej/2 %«/)<j, in no position, i.e. will be without power. ——— 
 vjxuv limits ov. 
 
 § 29. Kal StaireTrpdxaffiv, have also accomplished ; i. e. consider not 
 merely their guilt but also the unhappy condition into which they have 
 brought us. On the position of ovroi, cf. note 4, 2, 6. 
 
 § 30. aacpaXes elvai, sc. a<piKve?adai suggested by atpiKyrjcOe. 
 
 K7)pv£, as herald, in apposition with ris. 
 
 § 31. aAAo : cf. note 4, 6, 19. VP&i !• e « ol ffrparriyot. 
 
 Bo^dru v/juUf lit. let it seem good to you, i. e. ratify it by a formal vote. — — — 
 as, on the ground that, in the expectation that ; cf. 5, 2, 12. 
 
 § 33. oD, where ; the reference is to Greece. irdvruv limits iiraivov. 
 
 § 34. Bovvai having robs . . . &pl-a,vras for its subject depends on eAe- 
 
 yov. Cf. note on eXeye 1, 3, 8. rod Xonrov, henceforth ; cf. 6, 4, 11. 
 
 — — avrovs refers to rls : cf. note on avrovs 1, 4, 8. iirl : cf. not* \ t 
 
 6, 10. — — e| ov } sinGe. 
 
BOOK V. CHAP. VIII. 363 
 
 CHAP. VIII. 
 
 Investigation is also made into the past conduct of the generals. Several 
 of them are fined for delinquencies. On the preferment of some charges 
 against Xenophon, he defends himself "with his accustomed ability. 
 
 § 1. dticnv virocrxtw, should submit themselves to a trial. • SiSovtcov : 
 
 sc. avTU)v 5'iKnv. Zovvai S'ikvv = viroo'x^ Siicrjv. ttjs <pv\a,Krjs as gen. 
 
 of cause depends on SxpAe (from b<p\i<TKav<a) ; Gr. § 274, 2. Observe that 
 (pvAairfi here denotes negligent guarding. Cf. the use of 5wa/xiv 1, 6, 7. 
 
 to fidujAa is also dependent on dS$Ae as accus. of cognate meaning ; 
 
 Gr. § 278, 1 and 2. f^yus is in apposition with [xelcafxa : was fined, for 
 negligently guarding the cargoes of the ships, twenty minae, the (amount of) 
 the loss on the cargoes, twv . . . x 07 7/ i « Ta " / limits both <pv\aKrjs and to 
 
 fxeiuficu For the allusion, cf. 5, 1, 16. ^ocpalveros 8e, sc. SxpXe. 
 
 &PX &,,/ atpsdels : cf. 5, 3, 1. 
 
 § 2. Ae|oj/To, sc. "iraUcBcu. nal after irov imparts emphasis to the 
 
 interrogative. Cf. /cat after o, Tt 1, 8, 16, after dirr}vii«x 3, 5, 18. 
 
 aTTooWvjAeda, were perishing ; cf. 4, 5. 
 
 § 3. o'iov : by assimilation instead of toiovtov olov. — — irapov : cf. 
 
 note on e|dV 2, 5, 22. ttoWwv gen. abs. "with airayopevSvrwy. 
 
 uvu>v v ftp io~t6t epos : a proverbial form of expression, worse tempered than 
 asses, which by reason of their bad temper do not, (as) men say, become weary. 
 
 § 4. e/c rivos = 8ta rl § 12. After each of the following questions we 
 must imagine a pause sufficiently long for an answer, which is supposed 
 to be negative, and hence the force of dAAct. For the difference be- 
 tween rjrovv and aTr/)Tovv, cf. note 1, 2, 11. After /xax^evos, supply 
 
 mentally eirai6v ae. eirapcfynca, from irapoivew, commonly takes a 
 
 double augment. 
 
 § 6. rbv Ka/xvovTa : cf. note on tovs 5, 7, 2. 
 
 § 7. SieSaKa, sc. to ffnevrj. ■ '. air6 in composition with ayayeiv and 
 the other verbs of this sentence, is to be understood as in airyrovv § 4. 
 irpbs e/xe airayayelv, to return them (i. e. ra CKevrf) to me. 
 
 § 8. togovtov, or i, only so far as this, that etc. Cf. note 1, 3, 14. 
 
 &s £yk oijxai : cf. note 2, 1, 12. 
 
 § 10. 6ir6o*a. ye fiov\eTcu : an expression of indifference ; as much as he 
 
 pleases may he live, it does not concern me. - aKnOu) Xeyeis, stands 
 
 independent of the grammatical construction, as often ol/xui : cf. note 2, 
 
 1, 16. e5o|as k.t.A.., for you seemed to me to resemble a person why 
 
 lenew etc. 
 
 § 11. Kai ydpy and since ; cf. note on y&p 3, 2, 29. 
 
364 NOTES. 
 
 § 12. oXlyas, too little, so. irXrjyds. 
 
 § 13. ocrois fipttei, as many as it stated, as many as were pleased ; a sar- 
 casm. Uptwv, sc. rijxcav : cf. note 1, 4, 12. 
 
 § 14. irpoie/JLej/ov avrov : mid. voice with a reflexive pronoun as object, 
 
 cf. note 1, 8, 29. tw ... x^-P^vi '• the article is used because it was 
 
 something well known, in vivid remembrance. Ka.Tefj.a6ov avaards, 
 
 was aware that I rose up etc. ; fxoXis qualifies both avaards and eKreivas. 
 For the construction, see Gr. § 310, 4. (a.) 
 
 § 15. oirSre tdoi/xi, is iterative ; cf. (SovKono 1, 2, 7. virovpybv r$ 
 
 airo-, conducive to the etc. 
 
 § 17. teal yap ovv : cf note 1, 9, 8. £ttI with the dat. cf. note 1, 1, 
 
 4. rt \xiya . . . Aafiftdveiv, what so grievous thing might they have suf- 
 fered as that (otov, lit. for whicK) they would think k proper to receive satis- 
 faction, fxsya ovras : cf. note 4, 8, 26. 
 
 § 18. y ousts, and StddcKaKoi, sc. inre'xovo'i. teal yap, and (it often 
 
 happens that for the good of others we give them pain) for etc. 
 
 § 19. vvv t) t6tc : cf. note 3, 2, 30. evdia : used figuratively for 
 
 safety, as the antithetical xet/iwV means danger. 
 
 § 20. frdXarra fxeydx-t] iiri<pepr)Tai ; L. & S. render under tm<p£pw, a 
 areat sea dashes against (the ship) ; Kiihner considers p.eyd\r\ as predicate, 
 the sea is borne high ; cf. Gr. § 264, 3. With this use of /xeydXi], cf. Lat. 
 magnum. 
 
 § 21. tear efiiKdff are = idiKacrar.e tear avr&v, decided against them. ■ 
 
 %X ovres '• on the asyndeton, cf. note on eSo^ev 3, 1, 11. 
 
 § 22. avT&v, i. e. t£>v araKTOvvroiv, since top aranTovvra is collective. 
 ol/xai has no influence on the grammatical structure of the sentence ; 
 
 cf. note § 10. 
 
 § 23. yovv : cf. note 3, 2, 17. diefxdx^ro fxi] cpepeiv, lit. fought (it) 
 
 through not to carry, i. e. persisted in not carrying. airodeBvKep, is here 
 
 transitive, though in the perf. and 2d aor. act. it is regularly intrans. Gr. 
 § 158, 2. 
 
 § 24. Tavavrla ?) . . . ttoiovcti : we cannot say, the contrary than they do^ 
 and must adopt an entirely different form of expression, the reverse of what 
 
 they do etc. StSeaen, from the poetic 8i87)fxi == Sew. t\\v vvtcra 
 
 differ e, you will bind him during the night ; most likely because he com- 
 mitted his depredations, such as those mentioned § 23, by night. 
 
 § 25. aAAa ydp : cf. note 3, 2, 26. el 5e t« . . . iireKovpTjcra, but if 
 
 I protected any one against a storm ; xe^wya is constructed with iirexovpriaa 
 
 as with afivveiv or ahe^eiv with which it is here synonymous. air^pv^a : 
 
 cf. note on epvKeiv 3, 1, 25. 
 
 § 26. irepieyevero . . . ex eip u *- A resulted so as to be well, i. e. the 
 result was in all respects favorable, 
 
 
BOOK VI. CHAP. I. 365 
 
 BOOK SIXTH. 
 
 From Cotyora to Chrysopolis. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 The Greeks entertain with a "banquet embassadors from Paphlagonia and 
 conclude a peace with their nation. On the next day, they set sail 
 from Cotyora, and after a prosperous voyage reach Sinope. While here 
 they conclude to give the sole command to a single general and offer 
 the position to Xenophon. He prudently declines, and Chirisophus, 
 who had now returned to the army, is appointed. 
 
 § 1. inXdirevov : caught by lying in wait; an unusual word. e<5 
 
 /j.d\a, very expertly. iroXe/niKcoTaTa i%etu : cf. cvvoikws e%. 1, 1, 5 ; 
 
 KaKcos €%• 1j 5> 16 ; aQvjxws e%. 3, 1, 3 ; iroXe^iKdoraTa is the superlative 
 of iroXefAiKcis. e/c tovtcov : cf. note 1, 3, 11. 
 
 § 2. eToi/xos like e5o£e § 14, properly applies only to o5jk6«/ ; to a5i- 
 Ke?crOcu only by a zeugma, which is the less striking inasmuch as ^Tjre 
 aduceTv fj.-f)Te aSinelaQai expresses only the idea elp-^urjj/ dyziv ; whence also 
 the position of robs "EAA-qms (which would otherwise stand after adiKe?v) 
 is to be explained. 
 
 § 3. iirl |e»>m, lit. to hospitality, i. e. they received them as guests. 
 
 av'Sp&v here refers to the Greeks. dtKaioTdrovs, sc. irapaKaAe?o~dai. 
 
 We have here the personal construction. Cf. note 2, 5, 41. 
 
 § 5. ciTovZai : libations and a paean followed regularly after the meal 
 
 was finished ; cf. Conviv. 2, 1. uv|/7]A.a = a\fj.ara vi\n\\d.. reAos : 
 
 adv., cf. 1, 10, 13. ws . . . e5(taei : ws = wCTe, so that. 7re7rA7j- 
 
 ysvai is somewhat douhtful, since this perf. seems not to have "been used in 
 a pass, sense till after the time of Xen., and to translate it as act. seems a 
 little awkward. Butt, conjectures ire7rA7)x0o» 5 Kuh. irXrjyrii/ai ; as distin- 
 guished in meaning from ?raiw, it denotes here a fatal stroke. 
 
 § 6. rbv ^,Lrd\Kr]v : a song in honor of Sitalces a Thracian king ; per- 
 haps the one mentioned by Thucyd. 2, 29. %v TreirovOdos : cf. note 
 
 2, 2, 13. 
 
 § 7. jueTcfc rovro without St corresponds to irp&rov fiiv § 5 ; cf. § 9. 
 
 See also note on irpaTou [x4v 3, 1, 13. Alviaves : cf. note 1, 2, 6. 
 
 Mayj^Tes : a people of Thessaly. r^u Kapiraiav KaKovfieprju, the Car- 
 
 paeob as it is called. 
 
366 NOTES. 
 
 § 8. (Tirdpsi Kal (evyrjXarei : this of course was merely represented in 
 pantomime. ■ nxvKvd : adverbial, frequently. XrjffTrjs 8e : for viva- 
 city of expression instead of 6 Se as X-n<rri]s. irp 6 expresses here the 
 
 two ideas of be/ore and for (Kriig.) rbv dvSpa belongs as object both 
 
 to Stjctccs and airdyei. 6 ^evyrjXdrTjSj sc. vutc$ which is implied in Sutras 
 
 airdyei. 
 
 § 9. Svo : gen. abs. with avriraTTOfxevav : fj.iixovjj.evos stands without an 
 object : acting in pantomime as if two persons zvere drawn up (and fighting) 
 
 against (him). e|e/cuj8iVra (from iKKufSiffrda), he turned a somerset ; 
 
 e/c in comp. seems to denote here the act of throwing himself out of the 
 circle in which he had whirled. 
 
 § 10. #/cAa£e (from cKXafa) ; hence this dance was also called accord- 
 ing to Pollux oKhao-fia. 
 
 § 11. irpbs . . . avXovfxevoi, having the flute played for them to the mea- 
 sure of the war-dance. irpbs rovs &eovs, to the gods = to the temples of 
 
 the gods ; the former expression being used because the gods were con- 
 ceived of as dwelling in their temples. irpSo-odoi, solemn processions. 
 
 deivh iiroiovj/To, considered it extraordinary ; iroielaQai being used in 
 
 this expression as with irepl ttoXXov in the same sense as ijyelaOai. 
 
 § 12. tteitdfievov : cf. note on iireiraTo 1, 9, 19. irvpplxv j/ : a war- 
 dance in which according to Plato (Legg. VII, 815.) the various move- 
 ments of combatants were imitated. 
 
 § 13. aurai . . . elev, these were the persons that had driven etc. ; a face- 
 tious exaggeration of what is related in 1, 10, 3. 
 
 § 15. 'Apix^vi] (or 'Apfievrf) was a harbor in the territory of Sinope ; 
 hence rrjs Sj^ittjs, as just before els ~2,ivwirr]v, must be understood accord- 
 ing to note on iv rip . . . IIoVtm 4, 8, 22. Kepdfxia. The principal 
 
 measure of liquids among the Greeks was the Metretes, to which the com- 
 mon cask (afx&opevs, Kados, or Kepdfx'iov) was made to correspond. The 
 Attic Metretes contained nearly nine gallons. Die. Antiqq. art. Metretes. 
 
 § 16. Xeipio*o<pos 7)X6e x see 5, 1, 4. 
 
 § 17. elcyei avrovs : (the question) occurred to them ; ottos with its 
 clause is the logical subject of ela^ei, how they might arrive etc. 
 
 § 18. e/c rrjs viKtili&ris, sc. yvi£>fj.7)s, according to the prevailing opinion. 
 So in 6, 2, 12. 
 
 § 19. eneiQev : tried to persuade. Cf. note on efSid£ero 1, 3, 1. 
 
 § 20. irfj fxev : to this oirSre Se § 21 instead of 7r?? Se corresponds ; cf. 
 3, 1, 12. tvx&v : accus. abs. like e\6v etc. ; render it, perchance. 
 
 § 21. Kal tt]v . . . curojSaAe?*', that he might even lose his previously ac- 
 quired reputation. 
 
 §22. SicucpTmi depends on 8iaTropovfj.ii/a. offTrep fiavrevrbs r)v, 
 
 the very one who was pointed out (to him) by the oracle etc. ; the personal 
 
BO©K VI. CHAP. I. 367 
 
 instead of the impers. construction ifirep (&vetj/) fxaurevrbv i\v : of. note on 
 
 a/x^ix aj/os 1» 2 > 21. For the allusion, cf. 3, 1, 6. rb uvap 3, 1, 11. 
 
 air 6 : proceeding from, sent from. 
 
 § 23. avo'TaOrjcrS/xei/os : cf. 3, 1, 8. aerbv (pdeyyS/j.evoi' : for the 
 
 accus. and particip. instead of the accus. and infin. see Gr. § 310, 4. 
 
 Se|tcJj/ : on the right, hence according to Grecian ideas favorable ; although 
 
 according to Koman ideas unfavorable. Cf. L. & S. sub Se£i6s. on 
 
 /u.4yas p.ev oiwvbs efo? depends by anacoluthon on the verb of the parenthe- 
 tical clause fcffirep . . . e\eyev, although it would properly depend on 
 
 aue/j.ifxv^o'Kero, and stand thus, /xeyav olcavbv ovra. ovk IBicotikSs, not 
 
 pertaining to a private man. xP 7 H JLaTl<rriK t> Vi > indicating an increase of 
 
 wealth. 
 
 § 25. eAeyoj/ : cf. note on eAeye 1, 3, 8. irposfidWovTo avr6v '■ 
 
 they proposed him (Xen.)/br themselves, i. e. as their commander. 
 
 § 26. efrrep dvQp<air6s el/xi : ifl am really a man, i. e. if he were not 
 pleased with such an honor, he would not be a man ; he would not have 
 
 human sensibilities. Aa/c eSai/xouiov avdp6s : the reference is to Chiri- 
 
 sophus. ovre corresponds to re after ifiol. rvyxdveiu, sc - So/cetTe 
 
 suggested by 5o/ce?. trap avrtav : from them, i. e. from the Lacedae- 
 monians. ov irdvv : a litotes. ri : accus. synec. 
 
 § 27. irp6o-9ev . . . irpiv : cf. note 1, 1, 10. dfxoXoyelv : at the close 
 
 of the Peloponnesian war 404 B. C. avTwv refers to ttju ir6\iv as a 
 
 collective noun. 
 
 § 28. iTroAi6pK7)<rav : cf. note 6, 3, 12. £woa> [xi\ : cf. note 3, 5, 3. 
 
 The construction of av acacppovicrOetrjv is not affected by the interposition 
 
 Of iwoS) [XT]. 
 
 § 29. o : cf. note 5, 5, 20. 
 
 § 30. et bpyiovvrai k.t.X. : this is presented as an example to show 
 how ridiculous it would be for the Lacedaemonians to become angry should 
 
 they not on all occasions obtain the precedence. (rvfxiroo'iapxov : cf. 
 
 Die. Antiqq. p. 1082, b. Charicles, Scene VI. 
 
 § 31. irKsiovos ivSeov : that there was need of (something) more ; rem, 
 pluribus verbis egere (Hert.) ; tv$4ov, particip. instead of infin. after Spdco. 
 Gr. § 310, 4. bfivxxa with the accus. Gr. § 279, 4. el : to ascer- 
 tain whether. Cf. 4, 1, 8. ldid>Trjv : a private man, used here in con- 
 tradistinction from a fj.dt.vTis. av stands with yva>vai because in an 
 
 independent sentence it would be av eyva>, would have known. 
 
 § 32. Ae|i7riros : cf. 5, 1, 15. avr6v after Ste')8aAAey and also after 
 
 vofxifeiv refers to Xen. Tifxaaiaivi ; cf. 3, 2, 37. Aapdave? vvti : 
 
 in opposition to Adicavi vvti. The Greeks of Asia Minor had no high 
 reputation for bravery. 
 
 § 33. iav trkovs p : if there may be a voyage == if the wind is favorable. 
 
368 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 Cf. Thucyd. 1, 137. /a€%/h ttAous yiyverai. 
 there. 
 
 e/ce?<re KaTcurxsw, to land 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 The army sails to Heraclea, where a sedition arises among them, and they 
 separate themselves into three companies. The largest, consisting of 
 Arcadians and Achaeans, chooses ten new commanders ; another com- 
 pany remains under the command of Chirisophns ; and the third part 
 attaches itself to Xenophon. 
 
 § 1. The rivers here mentioned, as also the 'lacovia aicr-fi, all except 
 the Parthenius lay between Cotyora and Sinope and not between Sinope 
 and Heraclea. This error arises from the fact that Xen. kept no exact 
 record of the march after the arrival of, the army in Armenia (as appears 
 from his narrative), but wrote the greater part merely from recollection. 
 
 See Introduc. § 7. "Ipios : this Ionic form of the gen. is also used 
 
 sometimes by Attic writers in foi-eign words ; cf. 1, 2, 12. 
 
 § 2. iiri : cf. note 2, 3, 8. Others speak of the promontory of Taena- 
 rus in Laconia, others of Hermione in Argolis, and others still of Coronea 
 
 in Boeotia as the place where Hercules descended to the under-world. 
 
 ir\4ov . . . oTaSta : cf. note 4, 6, 11. 
 
 § 3. K€pd/j.ia : cf. note 6, 1, 15. ir\46pa>v : cf. note 1, 2, 23. 
 
 § 4. twj/ (TTpaTrjyebv, depends on &av/j.dfa. Gr. § 273, Rem. 20. ■ 
 
 ov fxi] : cf. note on ovkcti \jA\ 2, 2, 12. 6ir6Qtv . . . ovk ecrriu, and 
 
 there is no place from which we shall be able to obtain provisions on the march. 
 
 The principal idea lies in the particip. as often. kv£ikt)j/ovs : cf. note 
 
 5, 6, 23. 
 
 § 5. tiAAos . . . fxvpiovs : a remark introduced parenthetically by Xen. 
 
 into the speech of Lycon. juaA.cc is not unfrequently added to avrUa 
 
 as a strengthening particle. Kad^/nivcou : this is the ordinary word 
 
 spoken of the inKKriaiai, in which they were in the habit of sitting ; cf. 3, 
 1, 33. Hence aviaraaQai denoted the breaking up of the assembly ; cf. 
 3, 3, 1. 
 
 § 6. eld 5' o'i 
 phus and Xen. 
 
 ol Se : i. e. Chiriso- 
 
 but some. Gr. § 331, Rem. 4. - 
 — o, Tt =■ tovto o, ti, in that which etc. ; rovro accus. 
 
 acpas and ccpwv are reflex- 
 
 syn. with auayKa^eiv. 
 
 § 10. eVa 'A0. ; the allusion is to Xen. - 
 ive and refer to the logical subject of the sentence, — the persons speaking. 
 ?iv : cf. note on ^aav 1, 4, 4. 
 
 § 11. /ca0' eavTovs, by themselves, alone. 
 
 § 12. e/c T9js viKwff7]5 : cf. note 6, 1, 18. a<p' ?js = airb rairris jT» 
 
BOOK VI. CHAP. III. 809 
 
 § 14. avToi : Neon and Chirisophus. — — avruv, ipsorum ; in this sense 
 it may stand in this unusual position, between the article and noun (Kriig.). 
 
 Kiihner however reads avruv instead of avruv. Gr. § 245, Rem. 4. 
 
 aura! : p,evo<puvri. 
 
 § 15. en : for a while. rw riyep.6ui, cf. note 4, 8, 25 ; also note 3, 
 
 2, 9. Awov Kal dfxeivov : the common formula in consulting an oracle 
 
 or a god. On the pleonasm, cf. note 1, 7, 3. 
 
 § 16. ol KKedpxov ®p$Kes : see 1, 2, 9. 
 
 § 17. ri)s Qp^Krjs : Bithynia is here called Thrace, since the Bithy- 
 nians were a Thracian tribe. 
 
 § 18. yap introduces the reason why he chose the least dangerous 
 way. 
 
 CHAP. HI. 
 
 The largest company set out first, and having arrived at the port Calpe, 
 march out into the territory of the Bithynians for the purpose of ob- 
 taining booty. They meet with some success at first, but are at length 
 surrounded by superior numbers and exposed to the most imminent 
 danger. From this situation they are relieved by Xenophon and his 
 party ; after which both repair to Calpe, where they find Chirisophus 
 already landed. 
 
 § 2. KdAirT) : now called Kerpeh. A6xovs : denotes here and in 
 
 § 4 and 5, the ten subdivisions of the Arcadian and Achaean forces, con- 
 sisting of 4500 men (cf. 6, 2, 16). Hence the generals are called § 6 
 Aoxcryoi. i)yov : sc. els ravrt\v. 
 
 § 3. o~vve$d\ovro, they agreed upon. are : cf. note 4, 2, 13. 
 
 •KepiefidWovro : they secured to themselves. 
 
 § 4. 8i4<pcvyoj/ : being in the imperf. it denotes like diatpevyoyres what 
 was repeated, perhaps at every village. — — to ffoyK^i^vov : the place 
 agreed upon, cf. § 3. 
 
 § 5. reus /AeV : cf. note 4, 2, 12. rpeiroyrat : sc. ol Opaites. 
 
 § 6. Trpa.yp.ara : cf. note 4, 1, 17. a/xa Tj/xepa is much less common 
 
 than dp.a rfj 7]p.epa. 
 
 § 7. ol 5e : cf. note 3, 4, 4. iirioiev : sc. ol "EW^ves. 
 
 § 8. reXevruvres : cf. note on reAevruv 4, 5, 16. 
 
 § 9. to ak\a : all the other things relating to a treaty except the giv- 
 ing of hostages. eV rovru Xo~xzto : at this point the negotiation stopped. 
 
 § 10. 7Topevop.4vu, while he was marching. The dat. of the particip. 
 most frequently denotes the relation of time. 
 
 § 11. on is here placed after a word of the clause to which it belongs, 
 to make that word (yvv) more emphatic. For the same reason, el, id v, 
 
 16* 
 
370 NOTES. 
 
 and other similar conjunctions are sometimes postpositive. iroKiop* 
 
 Kovvrai . . . elev : cf. note on rpe^ovrat . . . e%otev 3, 5, 13. 
 
 § 12. iroMopKovurar: the idea of the first part of this compound is in 
 actual use nearly lost. Cf. 4, 2, 15 ; also note on 4, 7, 22. 
 
 § 14. ocroy, as far as ; se. irpoeXQeiv. ncupbs . . . ZenrvoiroielaQai, 
 
 so as to be favorable for enjoying the evening meal ; i. e. so as to afford 
 
 sufficient exercise before partaking of food. icpopwy rj/ias, keeping us 
 
 in sight. 
 
 § 15. Contains some explanatory remarks introduced parenthetically 
 into the speech. el . . . KadopSey, if they should descry any thing (com- 
 ing) jfroTO any quarter. airavra otu> : cf. note 1, 1, 5. 
 
 § 16. ovda/xoi: an uncommon word, to no place, nowhere. iroW-fj, 
 
 se. 6d6s. XpyoSiroXty : cf. note 6, 6, 38. nevovai : sc. i)jjuv. 
 
 8e after jxevovo-i corresponds to the foregoing ovre : cf. note 5, 5, 8. 
 
 § 17. ravrou: cf. tg? avrcp 1, 8, 14. On the form raurSy instead of 
 
 ravrS, see Gr. § 92, Rem. 2. ex^crOai with the gen. to cling to, be in 
 
 earnest to secure. — ■ — u>s vvv . . . eariv, that it is noio permitted (to us), that 
 we may now. 
 
 § 18. tovs fj.eyaXr\yop{]cravTas . . . (ppovovvras, those who have talked 
 proudly as if they were wiser (than we) : irXeov (ppove'iv means to be wiser, 
 to be more cunning ; on the contrary fxeya (ppove'iv, to be proud. For the 
 
 allusion, cf. 6, 2, 10. tovs airb rcay Sewv apxop.evovs, who begin (every 
 
 enterprise) with (lit. from) the gods. us &v : cf. note 2, 5, 16. 
 
 § 19. €</>' ocroy . . . eTxej>, as far as it was well, sc. SiacriretpeaOai. 
 
 iiriirapiovTes : cf. note 3, 4, 30. r) crparia', the main army ; sc. e/cote. 
 
 ■ atOeffOai, to be on fire, a poetic word. 
 
 § 21. eVel rdxtcrra, as soon as ; cf. 3, 1, 9. 
 
 § 22. iKa.vQo.vou . . . yevofievoi, unconsciously to themselves arrived upon 
 
 the hill ; or as we might say, sooner than they were aware (of it). e7ro- 
 
 XiopKovvro is another of the many instances where the English idiom 
 
 would require the pluperf. instead of the irnperf. KaraXeXei/xeyovs : 
 
 cf. note 4, 7, 14. 
 
 § 23. acp' eo-irepas: after evening set in. airb denotes the beginning 
 
 of a transaction as els denotes the termination (cf. 1, 7, 1). oirov, sc. 
 
 otxowTo. 
 
 § 24. els . . . Kijxeva is used because av/n/xi^ai implies the idea to go. 
 
 § 25. 7}/xe7s fiev yap : this clause implies something of this sort as going 
 
 before, "but our conjectures were incorrect," for etc. iddtcovv: cf. 
 
 note 1, 4, 7. 
 
 § 26. i^rjKev, had expired. to. Trap' r)/uy, lit. the things with us, i. e. 
 
 our situation. 
 
BOOK VI. CHAP. IV. 371 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 The soldiers refuse to encamp in Calpe, a place strongly fortified by nature, 
 lest the generals contrive to detain them there and found a city. They 
 prefer to remain in an exposed situation on the sea-shore. Afterwards 
 they pass a decree that no one, under penalty of death, shall again 
 propose to divide the army. Wishing to go out on a foraging expedi- 
 tion, they find the omens unfavorable. Neon nevertheless goes out 
 with 2000 men, but is attacked and defeated by the cavalry of Pharna- 
 bazus. He is rescued from complete destruction by Xenophon. 
 
 § 1. cvtov . . . iiri : cf. note 2, 2, 1. airb rov (rrofiaros rod Yl6v~ 
 
 rov is to be repeated in idea ; beginning with the mouth of the Euxine, ex- 
 tends (icrriv) (from it) as far as etc. The a , r6fxa rov llSvrov is the Thracian 
 
 Bosphorus ; cf. 7, 1, 1. 'Hpa/cAe/as = 'Hpa/cAetcoTiSos. Cf. note on 
 
 iv tw . . . llovrcp 4, 8, 22. elcrirXeovTi : cf. note on irpo'iovo'i 3, 2, 22. 
 
 § 2. rpiripei . . . Kc&Trais, to a galley with oars. Not an unusual mode 
 of denoting geographical distances among the Greeks.. Cf. Thucyd. 2, 97. 
 
 7][xepas . . . irhovs : a very long day's voyage. The distance was 750 
 
 stadia. aAAa : cf. note 3, 2, 13. iicmirreiv : to suffer shipicrech. 
 
 Cf. 7, 5, 12 and 13. deivd : is explained like ra ecrxara 3, 1, 18. 
 
 robs 'EW-qvas : cf. note on iv ry PaaiXews X^P a 3, 2, 23. 
 
 § 3. irXe6vT(av : of (persons) sailing. No subject is expressed because 
 no definite subject is thought of. iv ry fraXarry TrpoKelfxevov : a con- 
 structs praegnans for irporslvov (extending) els ri]v ^aXarrav wcrre KeT- 
 <rdcu iv avTy. (Hert.) jxdXiara : cf. note 5, 4, 12. 
 
 § 4. airy : cf. note on avrov 3, 4, 41. rb rrpbs iffirepav : towards 
 
 the west., on the west side. The expression is called adverbial by Kiih. See 
 
 Gr. § 279, Rem. 10. dcpQovos is taken as predicate with peou&a, 
 
 taking the place of an adverb. Cf. Thucyd. 2, 5. 6 yap 'Avwirbs ippv-q 
 pLeyas. 
 
 § 5. iv tw Xip.evi : at the harbor. Cf. note 4, 8, 22. 
 
 § 7. rb ■KoXiiTfj.a av yev6 t u€vov, i. e. rb x^F 10 " b Tr6Xio~fj.a av iyevero, 
 
 the place (cf. § 14, 21,) tchich might become a citadel. o~rparoTre5eveo~6ai 
 
 eh, to go and encamp in etc. 
 
 § 8. yap assigns the reason for the sentence at the end of the section, 
 
 roiovroi . . . cw^zaQai. Cf. note 3, 2, 29. fiiov, means of subsistence. 
 
 • fj.i<r9o<popoiv, expeditionem (Sturz). anovovres, because they heard 
 
 of, connected by a\\d to ou cnrdvei filov. Kal avdpas ayovres : cf. note 
 
 on Ka\ rb crp. 1, 9, 31. 7roAAa Kai : nai unites also adjectives, the 
 
 first of which we are accustomed to join adverbially to the second. This 
 occurs most frequently with iroXvs. Kriig. Spr. 69, 32, 3. Hence we may 
 
372 NOTES. 
 
 render iroXXh Kal ayada irpaTTeiv, did (or fared") extremely well ; i. e. ac~ 
 quired a fortune. 
 
 § 9. rrjs . . . crvpoSov is governed by the comparative vo~repa : later 
 
 than = after their arrival. — ire/jLirraToi : cf. note on ctkotcuoi 2, 2, 17. 
 
 robs e/c. : cf. note on tG>v irapa, fSao'iXecas 1, 1, 5. e/c ra>u virap- 
 
 X&vTtov : according to their means. Cf. e/c rwy dwaruv 4, 2, 23. ovs 
 
 . . . avro?s : cf. note on ov 1, 9, 29. 
 
 § 11. rod Xolttov : cf. note 5, 7, 34. \xvt]dQ?i : cf. L. & S. fiifivfj- 
 
 crK03 — 2. to mention. /caret y&9 a - v -> ^ n their respective places. Tjirep 
 
 e?%e ; cf. note 2, 2, 21. to inelvov, his place ; cf. 5, 6, 36. 
 
 § 12. tt\v Tropelav, governed by ironjreov. eX irore Kal dXXore : lit. 
 
 if at any other time also ; i. e. now if ever. Cf. 8>s ns Kal &XXos 1, 3, 15. 
 
 § 13. 6 HiXavbs 6 'Aft. Inasmuch as Silanus is already known to the 
 reader, the article can be prefixed, although an apposition with the article 
 
 immediately follows. anoded parcel : cf. 6, 2, 15. ■ eyiyvero : cf. 
 
 note 2, 2, 3. 
 
 § 14. oiKiaai, from olictfa. Observe the difference between this word 
 and oiKiw. 
 
 § 15. t?7 avpiov, sc. rj[iepq. rbv fiouXSfieuov : cf. note 1, 3, 9. 
 
 § 16. els rpis : even to a third time ; cf. § 19 below. 
 
 § 18. &pa : cf. note 2, 2, 3. ws or on should properly be omitted. 
 
 (Kriig.) The fact that both are introduced is explained on the ground 
 that two different constructions are united in one sentence. — ws yap ey&> 
 tftcovcra fieXXet, and iyu) yap tfttovaa on jxeXXei. Our idiom requires that 
 we should adopt one or the other of these latter constructions in trans- 
 lating, for we cannot combine both. The clause a.Trb rov . . . tftcovad 
 
 nvos may be rendered, i" heard by a certain person from the boat that arrived 
 accidentally yesterday etc. ; or airb rod avrojj.a,TOv may be taken adverbially 
 
 = avTO/xaTws, and t^kovtos irXo'iov would then be gen. absolute. o e/c 
 
 Bv£. apju. Cf. note 1, 2, 3. 
 
 § 19. ovk e<pT] : cf. note 1, 3, 1. For the force of /x-fj with the par- 
 
 ticip. see Gr. § 318, 5. 
 
 § 20. ax^ov ti, nearly ; ri is often joined thus to tr^eSc^ and Trcivv, 
 
 modifying them and rendering them less positive. — invtcXovvTO, in the 
 
 plural, because the subject is collective. Cf. k6ittovt€s 2, 1, 6. 
 
 § 21. iv t$ epv/xvcp X- 'i cf. § 3 and 4, and 7. us els : cf. note 1, 
 
 8, 1. irpox&poiy : might be favorable. The word irpox^peu is not 
 
 uncommon in this sense ; cf. L. & S. 
 
 § 22. Seoy : accus. abs. ; cf. note 2, 5, 22. ■ virb ajxa^s : lit from 
 
 under a wagon, or as we should say, from under the yoke. For the force 
 of v7r6 with the gen., cf. Gr. § 299, 1. irpodv/jt.e'icrOai, to interest him- 
 self in the matter, i. e. to undertake the management of the sacrifices. el, 
 
BOOK VI. CHAP. V. 873 
 
 (to ascertain) whether ; ri 4v tovtu elrj, there might be any thing in this , 
 i. e. to ascertain whether the sacrifices would be more favorable if another 
 should preside over them instead of Xen. iyivero : sc. to Upd. 
 
 § 23. tovs avOpuirovs us: cf. note tuv ffapfidpuj/ . . . wr, 1, 1, 5. — — 
 us iiye/nSvos icrofievov, as if (promising that) there would be a guide ,• viz. 
 
 the Heracleote. doparlois : cf. note 5, 2, 4. els 8i<rx> ay8., cf. 
 
 note 5, 2, 4. 
 
 § 24. us 4irl: cf. note 4, 3, 11. <t>apva/3d(ov : the Persian satrap 
 
 of lesser Phrygia. irpuroi : the Greeks were afterwards attacked by 
 
 the Bithynians § 26. /x^ iAQeTv, from coming ; on this use of fjA\ % cf. 
 
 note 1, 3, 2; but also 2, 3, 9. fie7ov: cf, note on ir\4ov 1, 2, 11. 
 
 After /j.e?ov, ir\4ov, and iXarrov, $ is often omitted before the numerals. 
 Cf. 7, 1, 27. (Hert.) to opos : cf. note on rod opovs 3, 4, 24. 
 
 § 26. Kal ^877 jxiv : it is conjectured that Te should stand instead of p,4y. 
 Cf. note 1, 8, 1. (**XP l € ' ls '• °£ note ^> ^, & 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 The Greeks, alarmed by the dangers that surround them, consent to en- 
 camp in Calpe. As soon as the omens become favorable, Xenophon 
 leads forth the army, and the barbarians are vanquished. 
 
 § 2. 4ire£68ia is commonly explained as = iepk 4ir y 4£68u : Hert. fol- 
 lowing Schneider thinks the true reading may be eV e|o'5w. 
 
 § 4. tovtov : this one with his soldiers. 4irl arpaTOTredov : an un- 
 common construction instead of arpaTOTreSu, at the encampment. The Greek 
 article is omitted as often happens in designations of place (ir6kis, ao , Tv t 
 ayp6s etc.), especially when joined with prepositions. 
 
 § 5. tov Ktparos, of the army marching in column. Troivad^voi 
 
 Kara, having placed . . . near. 6ir6o~ovs . . . rb Kepas, as many as the 
 
 army had within its reach, as many as the army extended over. 
 
 § 7. yfjiepas is gen. abs. with /j.eaovo'Tjs, and irepa is an adv. ; we may 
 
 render the clause, after the middle of the day. 0, rt refers to eViTTjSeio 
 
 as in 4, 1, 9 ; cf. note 1, 1, 5. 4vt6s : cf. note 1, 10, 3. 4k tov 
 
 4vavriov : cf. note on 4k tov avriov, 1, 8, 23. 
 
 § 8. 4irl tov irpdoTov : cf. note 4, 3, 9. 
 
 § 9. \6xovs (pvKanas : reserve companies ; <pv\aicas has the same gram- 
 matical construction as diriffdo<pv\a£iv 4, 1, 6. 
 
 § 10. tV> sc. 686y, in the way towards etc. ; cf. note 2, 2, 10. 
 
 ?j|co : cf. note 2, 1, 9. tovs TeKevTaiovs \6xovs, the reserve companies 
 
 mentioned § 9. 
 
374 NOTES. 
 
 § 11. $i(rvxoi : this adject, is seldom so used. Hert. cites Cyrop. 5, 3, 
 55. yavxii is far, more common. avd has here the distributive mean- 
 ing ; cf. 3, 4, 21. tV fxiv, sc. rd^iv. iirl rb Se^iov iirerpetyev 
 
 directed towards the right. icpeTrecBai airoXnr6vTas, so as to follow having 
 
 left an interval of etc. ; aTro\nr6vras, cf. note on icSirrovres 2, 1, 6. tV 
 
 Se /xiav, but the remaining one. 
 
 § 12. rb vdiros : on the repetition of this noun instead of a pronoun, 
 
 cf. note 3, 2, 23. crparrjyovs '. cf. note on crparrjyol 8, 5, 7. — — 
 
 f}yov/jL€vov : cf. note 2, 2, 4. 
 
 § 13. on . . . et?7, tfAatf zY was not worth the while to consider ; i. e. it 
 was clear without further deliberation that they ought not to do it. 
 
 § 14. ideXovcriov belongs to ^e. Cf. note 2, 1, 16. els av8pei6rr]ra 
 
 is to be connected closely with Sofys, reputation for bravery ; cf. note 
 2, 6, 30. 
 
 § 16. TrpofSaWofJievovs : cf. note on irpoPa\e<rdai ra otrXa 1, 2, 17. The 
 opposite in meaning is fj.eraf}aWo t uej/ovs. 
 
 § 1 7. rovrovs . . . avrovs : cf. note on fiairiXpa . . . avr6v 2, 4, 7. 
 
 Sel-affdai : cf. note on (rwQrjvai 2, 1, 19. airiSyrav, sc. rjfjiujv ; cf. note 
 
 on {(Wo>z/ 1, 4, 12. 
 
 § 18. %aA.67roV, difficult to pass ; as in 4, 8, 2, and 5, 1, 17. ap 
 
 oi>xl • • • d^iou, z's it not worth the while even to seize hastily the opportunity 
 
 (instead of avoiding it) ? airb rod x (a P >lQX} SiSdcrKecrdai, to take occasion 
 
 from the place to become convinced. 'Att6 denotes with pass, verbs the 
 occasion for an action ; vir6 denotes the action as being accomplished. 
 (Hert.) 
 
 § 19. ttws Se : sc. diafiard ecrai. a . . . ootj for ra opt] a. 
 
 § 20. Se-fjcreL 5e, ac.t.A.., but if we arrive there the sooner, it will be neces- 
 sary the sooner etc. 
 
 § 21. lepd and crcpdyia: cf. note 1, 8, 15. fo/jiev: for a similar 
 
 asyndeton, cf. (pdvvre 3, 1, 24. 
 
 § 22. iiciAevov, sc. "Zevocpavra. kix\ os : cf. note 1, 8, 16. — rod 
 
 vdirovs depends on rj. dv belongs to yeviaQai. Cf. 5, 6, 1. if) el 
 
 . . . i^efirjpvoyro, than if they defied over the bridge etc. 
 
 § 23. eVl ra7s Srvpais : cf note 2, 4, 4. 
 
 § 24. 7]yeix6vi is a predicate : Hercules as leader. ??Su is predicated 
 
 of the whole sentence, it is pleasant etc. avdpewv ri Kal Ka\6v : the 
 
 object of elirSvTa and iroi^aavra. fwfyMiv . . . eavrov, to occasion a 
 
 remembrance of himself (among those) among whom one wishes (to be remem- 
 bered). Supply ris with 46e\ei. 
 
 § 25. 7ra/>7jyyeAAeTO : impers. orders were given. iirl rbv . . . ex* 1 "'- 
 
 a verb of rest accompanied with a construction implying motion : that 
 (having placed) their spears on the right shoulder they should hold (them 
 
BOOK VI. CHAP. VI. 375 
 
 there). Cf. note ou TrapTjo-au els 1, 2, 2. <rt\\xa[voi : cf. note on iffd\' 
 
 •rny^e 1, 2, 17. Kadiuras ; sc. tci SSpara, having lowered their spears , 
 
 i. e. having taken them from their shoulders where they rested ; cf. § 27. 
 
 crvvO-n/xa : without the article hecause it is predicate. 7rap?/et . 
 
 passed along (the ranks) ; cf. 1, 8, 16. KaXbv %x* iv T0 X° } P l0V = Kakbv 
 
 elvai to yjupiov o exoter. 
 
 § 26. oi "EAA7jj/es 7reA.T. : cf. note on 'EW-fivwy 3, 4, 26. 
 
 § 28. &s oAryot t/PTes : considering that they were few, i. e. with their 
 
 small number; ahout forty horsemen; cf. 6, 2, 16. icad* o : opposite 
 
 which. are : cf. note 4, 2, 13. 
 
 § 29. ^877 : a£ once ; often used in this sense, cf. 1, 3, 11 ; 3, 1, 46. 
 
 § 30. aireipT)Keo~aj/ /xev, opus §e : Ht. they had become weary, but still etc. 
 It would be more natural for us to say, although they hadoecome weary, 
 still etc. wj . . . ct,ycnravo~au/TO, that (the enemy) might not recover con- 
 fidence by rest. 
 
 § 31. does not, says Krlig., refer to vdwos, hut to the whole clause, 
 
 which fact. diutcoj/res : the particip. is used hecause irpoairerpdirovTO = 
 
 iiravcavTO. 
 
 § 32. Zv6a : cf. note 4, 1, 2. 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 
 The Greeks obtain much booty from the country of the Bithynians. Mean- 
 while Oleander the Spartan governor of Byzantium arrives in company 
 with Dexippus, by whom he had been greatly prejudiced against the 
 army. This prejudice is removed by Xenophon. The command of 
 the army being offered to Oleander, he declines it, as the omens 
 are not favorable. The army marches under its former commanders 
 through Bithynia, and arrives with much plunder at Chrysopolis. 
 
 § 1. eix ov a-ptyt '• cf. note 5, 2, 26. irvpovs . . . cvko. : on the asyn- 
 deton, cf. note 2, 4, 28. 
 
 §2. iXafifiavov : held possession of that which they took ; as the connec- 
 tion indicates that it means. 
 
 § 3. atyiKvovvTO : predicated of inanimate objects ; cf. f)\Qov 4, 8, 24. 
 &<r/xevoi : cf. note 2, 1, 16. 
 
 § 4. iroXifciv : not used elsewhere by Attic writers ; found in Horn., 
 
 Herod., and later writers. deoi is as usual impers. and the remainder 
 
 of the clause 0, ri . . . elvai is the logical subj. of Seoi. We may render 
 
 thus, what they must do to befriends. iireSeiKvvev, showed, presented ; to 
 
 convince the army how important the new city might become. 
 
 § 5. KXeavSpos : cf. 6, 4, 18. iced iirl \elav . . . eis rb opos : thus 
 
376 notes. 
 
 interpreted by Kuhner, and some (happened) to have gone for booty (in the 
 plain) ; others in another direction to the mountain ; with olx^/JLevoi supply 
 from the foregoing irvyxavov ; and as it is evident from the foregoing 
 narrative that the Greeks had plundered chiefly the level country ; so the 
 writer adds aWoi &A.A.77 els rb upos (sc. iwl Xeiav olx^^voi irvyxa-vov). 
 
 rb upos 1 on the article, cf. note 3, 4, 24^» Ae^iinrq) : cf. 5, 
 
 1, 15. 
 
 § 7. avaKaXovvres is frequentative in meaning. The common word, 
 
 used to denote an opprobrious epithet, is airoKaXeiv. rbv irpodSTTjj/ : 
 
 not simply a traitor, but emphatically the traitor. 
 
 § 8. on ovdev e?7) Trpayfxa, that it was a matter of no importance. 
 
 ravra yev4a6ai depends on aXnov after the analogy of the expression a'lriSs 
 ri (cf. § 15) ; the occasion of these things taking place. 
 
 § 9. us, on the ground that they were, sc. uvras. 
 
 § 11. dia r4\ovs : always, constantly. e£ou: in consequence of which, 
 
 i. e. because he was a constant friend of Xen. diefiaAev avrov, calum- 
 niated him ; reported to Oleander that Agasias was the person who com- 
 menced casting stones. -Trap' bxiyov £ttoiovvto, made light of; 7rap' 
 
 oXlyov, means properly by the side of i. e. like a small affair. 
 
 § 12. i/j.ol 84 : cf. note 4, 6, 10. ets eKacrros is in apposition with 
 
 the implied subject of etVt, i. e. 01 AaKeSai/xovioi. Cf. note on e/caaT7j 
 1, 7, 15. 
 
 § 14. hbs avdpSs, alluding to Agasias. awex^ordai, should be kept 
 
 away. 
 
 § 15. iyeb p.\v oiiv is repeated on account of the parenthetical clause. 
 — — ti, in any respect, modifies oXtlov. 
 
 § 16. eavrbv irapaax^ Kfivai : cf. note on irap^xovres 2, 3, 22. ■ 
 
 avr\ 5e : we cannot translate 8e here ; it is used because this clause is an 
 
 antithesis to the preceding olS/xei/oi . . . rev^crdai. -ov5' ofj.0101 instead 
 
 of /j.7]8'' ofx.. because the negative does not belong to the whole clause, but 
 to the particular word which it precedes. elp^o/xeda has a pass. 
 
 aning. 
 
 § 17. bjxoXoyw is independent in gram, construction : cf. note 5, 8, 10. 
 
 § 18. /i-/7 6k5ojt6 : for the use of /j.rj in prohibitions, see Gr. § 259, 5. 
 
 — vp.wv avTcov depends on o'itivgs, having chosen from yourselves (per- 
 
 sons) who etc. 
 
 § 20. iiceXevae ce . . . Kptvavrd ce avrSv : a repetition of the personal 
 pronoun after an intervening clause is not uncommon : exhorted you . . . 
 that having yourself placed us on trial you should use us as you please etc. 
 
 § 22. Ae^nrirov . . . alpeOei/ra, and I know that Dexippus was chosen etc. ; 
 ace. and particip. Gr. § 310, 4. The remaining participles of this sentence 
 are in the same construction and consequently to be rendered as finite 
 
BOOK VI. CHAP. VI. 377 
 
 verbs. f}T7i<rdpeda : cf. note 5, 1, 11. i<p' $t€ : cf. note 4, 
 
 2, 19. 
 
 §23. -rb iirl rovrcp, as far as depended on this person. awoXdoXa/jiev 
 
 expresses the fact more positively than airoAwAeifxev dv. c5cr7rep 7]fj.e?s : 
 
 it was not however till after the flight of Dexippns that they first learned 
 
 this fact ; cf. 5, 6, 9. rodrou . . . vvra refers to Dexippus, and another 
 
 accus. (rov dvBpa) is understood as the immediate object of a(pei\6/j.riv. 
 
 § 24. -fiyes, had been conducting (him away). — — twv . . . airodpdvTO)!', 
 
 se. rts. vS/xi^ commonly takes the infin., but here like eu ladi it takes 
 
 the particip. : consider that you put to death etc. 
 
 § 25. a^iovre : sc. Kptdeures ttjs Siktjs tvx&v. rrjs Siktjs : cf. note 
 
 1, 3, 20. 
 
 § 26. r6v8e rov dvtipa, i. e. Agasias. 
 
 § 27. &yecr8at, in being led away. Supply after this, the idea, be 
 assured. 
 
 § 28. rb /xepos, his part. rots Xt/crals : cf. § 5 above. p-fjrpav : 
 
 a Laconian word for laic, or decree. 
 
 § 30. ire/xxl/avras : cf. note on AafiSvra 1, 2, 1. ApaK6vriov : men- 
 tioned 4, 8, 25. 
 
 § 31. v(pe?ro : submitted (it) to you. ejSovAov, instead of jSovAei, is 
 
 assimilated to the tense of v<pe?ro. alrovyrai teal Seovrai : the urgency 
 
 of the entreaty is more fully denoted by the use of both words. 
 
 § 33. irapayei'6/j.ei'Of' Kal dp^avra iavrwv, having come and being com- 
 mander of themselves etc. 
 
 § 34. vaX rcb ai& is Laconian instead of v)] rh &eco : by the twin gods. 
 
 irapadtdaxriv, sanction (it) by favorable omens. dvrioi % : cf. note 
 
 on ravavria ij 5, 8, 24. eVtW is in apposition with vjxwv. 
 
 § 36. ovk ireKeadri ra iepd seems to be Laconian for ovk iyiyvero r. I. 
 e/ce«re : els Bv^dvriov. 
 
 § 38. ovdevl is neuter : no booty. rov/xiraXiv viroo'Tpe^/avTes : cf. 
 
 note 4, 3, 32. cktcuoi : cf. note 5, 3, 2. XpyoS-rroAis : now called 
 
 Uskudar (Scutari) ; the Asiatic suburb of Constantinople. 
 
378 NOTES. 
 
 BOOK SEVENTH. 
 
 The remaining movements of the army till they are placed under the 
 command of Thimbron. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 The Spai-tan admiral Anaxibius, influenced by Pharnabazus, persuades the 
 Greeks by false promises of pay to cross over to Byzantium. Again 
 by false promises he induces them to evacuate the city. Exasperated 
 by such treatment, they rush back into the city by force and are on 
 the point of further violence ; but being appeased by Xenophon, they 
 leave the city a second time. Coeratades a Theban makes proposals 
 to the army to which they accede, but being unable to fulfil his pro- 
 mises, he voluntarily relinquishes the command. 
 
 § 1. zTrpa^av and iiroiovu are used here without any important differ- 
 ence of meaning. e£w rov crr6fj.aTos, sc. rod Hovtqv : e|o> is used with 
 
 reference to the place where the army had been ; taking Greece as the 
 point of observation, it would have been eftrw. 
 
 § 2. (pofiovfxevos rb CTpdrev/xa /xtj = (pofiovpevos jx)] rb o~rp,, cf. note 1, 
 1, 5. Seoi, sc. iroieiv $apvd{5a£ov. 
 
 § 4. (TwhiafSavTa, sc. to? <tt pen ev jxari. eir^ira ovras : afterwards 
 
 thus ; eireira, as also ovrws, is not unfrequently used after a particip. ; but 
 both together can scarcely be used thus. (Hert.) 
 
 § 5. -Xevd-ns : cf. 7, 2, 32. I'^tj . . . on : the particle on after 
 
 cpdvai is very rare ; <pdvai comm. takes the accus. with the infin. ; on the 
 position of on, cf. note 6, 3, 11. 
 
 § 6. b.K\d : cf. note 1, 7, 6. reXs'iru : sc. ZZevdrjs. eTwecupiovs, 
 
 spoken of persons it means influential, the chief persons, referring here to 
 the generals. 
 
 § 7. iirio~iTl£eo~6ai, in order to purchase provisions, with which to etc. 
 Cf. Kop.LCw 4, 5, 22. 
 
 § 8. £eVos yefevT)ixivos : cf. 6, 6, 35. /at/ iroiyaris : cf. note 6, 6, 18. 
 
 el 5e fiii : cf. note 4, 3, 6. i^epirei in the Laconian dialect = 
 
 i^epx^Tai. (Hert.) 
 
 § 10. TropevaSixevoy : cf. note on \afi6vTa 1, 2, 1. 
 
 § 11. on avrbs avrbv alnafferai: that he himself might blame himself 
 for the consequences of not being present at the military review. 
 
 § 12. 'Ere6yiK05 : a prominent Lacedaemonian who figured in the 
 Peloponnesian war. Thucyd. 8, 23 ; Xen. Hell. 1, 6, 26, and often. 
 
BOOK VII. CHAP. I. 379 
 
 § 13. ra\\a ra iiriT^Seia: the other things the provisions, i. e. the other 
 
 means of subsistence ; to 4iriT7}5eia being in apposition with toAAo. 
 
 Kvv'htkos: a Lacedaemonian as appears from 7, 2, 2 and 15. 
 
 § 14. SiayycWei agrees in form with the nearest subject, but belongs 
 
 also in idea to the more remote rives. Upbv opos : a mountain, which 
 
 as appears from this passage and from 7, 3, 3, lay on the way from Byzan- 
 tium or Perinthus to the Cherronesus. kvkXu : by a circuitous route ; 
 
 cf. 4, 2, 5. 
 
 § 15. 8ie\4yovTo : sc. oi ffrpar-qyol. a>s elffiSvres, as if with the 
 
 intention etc. ; cf. note on Uvai 1, 3, 1. § 17, ttjv x 7 ?^- 7 V '• ^ ie breakwater. 
 The stones which were cast up in front of the wall on the side towards the 
 sea, to prevent the violence of the waves from doing injury to the wall, 
 
 were called xv^V- (Scholiast on Thucyd. 1, 63, cited by Hert.) reus 
 
 a^ivais : these and other similar implements were carried with the army 
 
 on wagons or beasts of burden. (Hert.) to K\e?9pa, the fastenings, the 
 
 bars, seems here to denote the same thing as rbv (jlox^Sv above. Com- 
 monly to K\e?0pa is thought to denote the vertical bolts at the b^e of 
 doors or gates ; and 6 p.oxX6s the horizontal bar extending across thero, 
 Cf. Die. Antiqq. 
 
 § 19. Zvfiov, within doors, in their houses. eV reus rpi^peai : one 
 
 would expect here iv outoTs. For similar repetitions, cf. note 3, 2, 23. 
 
 § 20. T7\v &Kpav = tV a.Kp6iro\iy. 
 
 § 21. avdpi : used emphatically as we often use the corresponding Eng. 
 word. *X €IS ' • • *X €IS '• °£ n0 * e on v ue ? s - • • v/xe?s 3, 1, 37. 
 
 § 22. fiovkSfxevos avrovs Kar^psfxicrai is closely joined with oTrt- 
 Kpivaro. 
 
 § 23. els oktu : eight men deep. This appears to have been at that 
 time the ordinary depth of the line for heavy-armed men. (Riistow u. 
 Kochly Gesch. d. gr. Kriegsw. S. 118. cited by Hert.) 
 
 § 24. olov qualifies the following superlative, in the same manner as 
 
 us and on. KaXoxifxevov : cf. note on KaKovLievn 1, 2, 13. eiceiTo : 
 
 cf. note on Kuadai 4, 2, 20. crvyKakt? : so that they should form a, 
 
 ring around him. 
 
 § 25. ovdiv is constructed like ri 6, 6, 15. o Zarcu ivrevBev : 
 
 what will be from thence, i. e. what will be the consequences. 
 
 § 26. irokifxioi fieu : one would expect here yap epexegetic. to 
 
 vvv 8$) yey€VT][xeva : the things which have even now taken place ; referring 
 to the Peloponnesian war, which ended four years previous to this time, 
 i. e. in 404 B. C. 
 
 § 27. virapx^VTbov Se : cf. note on nai 1, 10, 6. iv t?; ir6\ei . 
 
 Thucyd. in speaking of the same thing says iv tt? a/cpoTroAei, the Acro- 
 polis being the place where the treasures of the city were preserved. 
 
380 NOTES. 
 
 Tct evSTjjuo denotes the domestic products on which duties were laid. » 
 7] vTrepopla : foreign lands. The tribute from the Athenian allies according 
 to Thucyd. 2, 13. amounted at the beginning of the Pelopon. war to 600 
 talents. 
 
 § 28. av before olo/ueBa belongs to ira6e?v. Cf. &v 5, 6, 1. &va : cf. 
 
 note 1, 2, 1. co-tls : cf. note 2, 5, 12. 
 
 § 29. ro?s %/J.erepois avrwv (piXois = ro7s T}p.Sov avrcov cpiXois. kcl\ 
 
 Sifcaiccs is predicated most naturally of the nearest word crparevcrofxevais. 
 
 Kcd ravra : cf. note 1, 4, 12. ov5e/j.iav stands after ei, because 
 
 in its strict hypothetical meaning this particle belongs only to the clause 
 'EXXjiviSa 5e k.t.K. ; while the first clause fidpfiapov fieu tt6\ii> k.t.A.., 
 
 expresses a fixed fact, in reference to which el = eirei. (Hert.) e|aAa- 
 
 ■xafa is poetic. 
 
 § 30. i7u8e?v : cf. note 3, 1, 13. e/xe, the subj. of yeveadai denoting 
 
 the same person as the subj. of eu^o/m/, would not by the general rule be 
 expressed (Gr. § 310, 3) ; hence a special emphasis is imparted to the 
 word%y expressing it in so unusual a connection (Gr. § 310, Rem. 1). 
 "EXX-qvas Zvras : cf. note on Xafiovra 1, 2, 1. 
 
 § 31. irifx^ auras : cf. note 2, 3, 1. on : cf. note 1, 6, 7. 
 
 aXX' t]v . . . evpio~Keo8ai : supply mentally evprjao/JLeuou aXXa : still, 
 
 yet ; cf. 3, 2, 3. 
 
 § 33. KaQTifievwv : cf. note 6, 2, 5. (pevycov : cf. note 1, 1, 7 ; tV 
 
 'EXXaSa is considered by Krug. and Kiih. as dependent on irepiyei. Kal 
 
 r6re : cf. note 4, 3, 11. AeXra : the triangular peninsula of Thrace 
 
 in the neighborhood of the Bosporus, and northward from Byzantium ; 
 
 cf. 7, 5, 1. ii6\<0O~iv : a poetic word (from fiXdco-Kco). els acpQoviav 
 
 = acpQovus. Cf. note 4, 7, 3. 
 
 § 34. aKovovci . . . roTs o-TpaTiwrais stands as though § 35 began with 
 e8o£e 5e'xeG-0ai, a-KeXQ^iv. The anacoluthon is occasioned by the paren- 
 thetical clause b.TT€KpivaTO k.t.X. reXeai : cf. note 2, 6, 4. airay- 
 
 yeXe?, fSovXevaoiro : observe the change of mood and tense ; cf. note 2, 
 2, 15. 
 
 § 35. els ri\v : cf. note 1, 7, 1. 
 
 § 36. Treirpdcro/xai : used as simple fat. pass, instead of Trpa9-f)o"oiJ.ai, 
 which is not Attic. 
 
 § 37. eXai&v rpels : in full rpe?s (pepovres eXai&v (poprlov oo~ov fieyiarot 
 idvvavTO. ws iiri : cf. note 4, 3, 11. 
 
 § 39. Xeyeiv : a transition to the oratio obliqua. itceXevev : sc. 
 
 Ava^ifiios. 
 
 § 41. iroXXwy (sc. eirtTr}5eluy) ivedei avr$ : and when he lacked much 
 provision etc. 
 
BOOK VII. CHAP. II. 381 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 Many of the soldiers now leave the army, and a considerable number are 
 sold as slaves by Aristarchus who had succeeded Cleander as governor 
 of Byzantium. The army wishes to return to Asia, but is prevented 
 by Aristarchus, who' also attempts to get Xenophon into his power. 
 Xenophou is thus induced to repair by night to the Thracian chief 
 Seuthes and ascertain on what terms he will take the army into his 
 service. 
 
 § 1. The persons here mentioned are first spoken of as commanders in 
 3, 1, 47. Phryniscus alone has not been before mentioned. That he was 
 a general appears partly from the way in which his name is here intro- 
 duced ; partly from § 29 and from 7, 5, 4 and 10. It is surprising that 
 the name of Cleanor is not mentioned with the others. 
 
 § 2. ravra tfiovKopro : wished the same things, i. e. to cross over into 
 Asia; cf. 7, 6, 12. 
 
 § 3. airo'8i86iievoi i ' selling. koto, rovs x^P ovs : l " w the country, in the 
 
 villages. 
 
 § 4. 5La<p6eip6/j.euov to crpdrev/xa is explanatory of ravra. 
 
 § 5. SidSoxos KKedt/Bpcp : successor of Cleander. oaov ov : almost. 
 
 § 6. avayicdfav oiKia Se^etrSat : compelling (the inhabitants) to receive 
 them into their houses ; olnia in the singular is predicated of many persons 
 by an idiom not uncommon in our language. Cf. -yv&ix-nv 1, 7, 8 ; kXi- 
 jxaKos 4, 5, 25 ; £<oi/rjv 4, 7, 16 ; ira\r6u 5, 4, 12. 
 
 § 7. Tlapiov : a city in Mysia on the Propontis eastward from Lamp- 
 
 sacus. Kara to o'vyKeifj.eva : cf. 7, 1, 2. It is probable that money 
 
 had been promised and that he now demanded it. 
 
 § 8. "Zevotywvra : it seems that he had accompanied Anaxibius, as 
 
 pi - oposed 7, 1, 39. irdcrri r*x v V Ka ^ l l VX av V '• c ^- n °te 4, 5, 16. 
 
 TlepivQov : a city in Thrace on the Propontis, afterwards called Heraclea, 
 
 now called Eregli. ro7s, with the requisite etc. iirl rb crpdrevixa : 
 
 which according to § 28 was at Selymbria. 
 
 § 10. vTriaxioviAevos . . . iretaeiv : promising Jiim that in saying which he 
 thought he should persuade (him) ; cf. § 25. 
 
 § 11. airocrirdaas, sc. rovs kavrov, which is implied in the connection. 
 
 § 12. o7r€?7re fii\ : for the use of yA\ y cf. note 1, 3, 2. 
 
 § 13. on : cf. note 1, 6, 7. roivvv : therefore, to prove to you that 
 
 I have a right thus to act. Cf. note 5, 1, 2. T?}5e : in this jylace. He 
 
 was Harmost in Perinthus as well as in Byzantium ; cf. 7, 6, 24. 
 
 § 14. irpoTTtixirerai : sends them forward away from himself, i. e. to 
 Peiinthus. avros belongs to (SovXoiro. 
 
382 NOTES. 
 
 § 15. rod k(o\v(Tovtos refers to Aristarchus. tvQa. : iv Xeppovfi<rq>. 
 
 • T(S e/ce? ap/x. : tu> KwIctkw 7, 1, 13. avdr/Kt] : sc. $\v. 
 
 §16. t/jKovres : cf. note 2, 1, 9. 
 
 § 17. Uvai : cf. note 2, 2, 3. NeWos : lie had withdrawn from the 
 
 army (§ 11). 
 
 § 18. iprjjj.ois : having no sentinels near them. 
 
 § 19. ei : sc. dfy. 
 
 § 20. avaireS-ficrai'Tes : sc. iirl robs 'tinrovs. ■ idiwKoy : they hastened 
 
 away to tell Seuthes. 
 
 § 21. iyKexaXivcafxevois : with bridled (horses). Cf. note on oi|i 4, 6, 17. 
 
 § 22. Trjp-ns : perhaps the same whom Thucyd. mentions (2, 29) as the 
 father of Sitalces, and as the one who made the kingdom of the Odrysae 
 
 more powerful than all the rest of Thrace. virb tovtwv t£>v avdpuv : 
 
 by these men, i. e. by the men dwelling in this region. [xaXiora vvkt6s : 
 
 especially by night. 
 
 § 23. fxkv irp&Tov instead of the usual order 7rp£>Tov fiey ; cf. note 1, 
 
 9, 5. Kara rbv Qp&Kiov vofiov helongs simply to Kepara, not to irpov- 
 
 ■nivov ; since the drinking to one another's health was also a Grecian 
 custom. 
 
 § 24. Zire^as : 7, 1, 5. 
 
 § 25. adOis : § 10. ra . . . xco/na : more definitely mentioned 
 
 7, 5, 8. 
 
 § 26. %9t. vvv : the more poetic form vvv (instead of vvv) occurs in prose 
 particularly after imperatives. ityt] : sc. "ZevoQuv. 
 
 § 27. Connect avrSs with avUvai. Cf. 4, 1, 24. 
 
 § 28. ri yap : Kriig. suggests that Se should perhaps stand instead of 
 ydp, since this clause stands in no causal relation to the foregoing. Hert. 
 
 approves of the suggestion. e<pTj : sc. "Zevocpwv. ^-qXvjxfiplav . a 
 
 city on the Proppntis "between Byzantium and Perinthus, now called 
 
 Siliwri. kotci, in the neighborhood of. diafialveiv : sc. xp'/jvcu, which 
 
 is suggested by the opposite expression ovk . . . olov re elvai. This specie? 
 of hrachyology is common in Greek, see Gr. § 346, 2, c. 
 
 § 30. to oirXa is the object of Kara\nre?v. 
 
 § 31. cvyy eveis : kinsmen ; according to an ancient myth. o, ri is 
 
 to he connected with xpfjcflai. Cf. note 1, 3, 18 
 
 § 32. ^v agrees with the predicate apxv> vocrelv is not unfrequently 
 
 predicated of the affairs of a state. iicirecrwv : being driven into exile ; 
 
 cf. note 1, 1, 7. j8a(Ti\e?: rcov 'Odpvo*cov. 
 
 § 33. ivStcppios — 6fAOTpaTre£os, as in § 38. Sovvai depends on 
 
 £Ka6e£6iA7)i/ i/ceT7js, / sat down as a suppliant. 
 
 § 36. t$ arparicirt) : cf. note 1, 3, 21. Kv{ik7]v6v : sc. rod fnjv6s ; 
 
 cf. note 5, 6, 23. Zi;xoiplav : cf. note 7, 3, 10. 
 
BOOK VII. CHAP. III. 383 
 
 § 37. ravra Treipcafxevoi, sc. SiaTrpdrreiv, i. e. to conduct the army to 
 Seuthes. rl]v aeuvTov, sc. x ( *>P ai/ ' 
 
 § 38. not . . . ye : cf. note 3, 2, 24. ©pa/cty yS/xas. Herod. 5, 6, 
 
 says of the Thracians, " they purchase their wives of the parents at a great 
 
 price." Btcrdvdriv : a city on the European side of the Propontis (cf. 
 
 7, 5, 8), afterwards called Rhaedestus, now called Rodosto. 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 The offers of Seuthes are reported to the army and accepted hy all but 
 Neon and his men. Seuthes entertains the generals in Thracian style. 
 Having deliberated with the Greeks respecting future operations, he 
 leads them against his enemies and obtains much booty. 
 
 § 1. Se|ios : cf. note 2, 4, 1. 
 
 § 2. iaccu : to neglect, to disregard. 
 
 § 3. i£airaT7}o*€crdai has a pass, signification. Notice also the change 
 of subject with the infinitives 7ro>Arj<retj/, £^airaT7]creo-0ai, X-qtyeaQai, and 
 irepi6\p€<T9ai. It is plain that Xen. did not intend to conciliate the 
 army towards Aristarchus, as there is a manifest bitterness in his lan- 
 guage. 
 
 § 4. £k<uvov : cf. note 1, 2, 15. tovto : respecting this, i. e. the 
 
 question whether to obey Aristarchus, or to go to Seuthes. iiraveK- 
 
 86ures : to the villages mentioned 7, 2, 1. 
 
 § 5. iwcri : ol AaK^8aifx6vioi. ol tjttovs denotes the Thracian vil- 
 lagers. ris : the reference is to Aristarchus and Seuthes. 
 
 § 6. aversivav : cf. note 3, 2, 9. 
 
 § 7. eireidov : tried to persuade ; cf. note on £f}id£ero 1, 3, 1. on : 
 
 qualifies the superlative irK^icrrwv. 
 
 § 8. t&v rod AaKwj/iKov : ruiv is neuter ; if it were masculine, it would 
 be roiv irapa rov k.t.A. 
 
 § 9. ae P 6as : cf. note 4, 8, 11. 6W : cf. note 6, 3, 14. 
 
 § 10. ra vofAityfieva : that which is customary, i. e. twice as much to the 
 captains and four times as much to the generals, as he paid to the soldiers. 
 Cf. 7, 2, 36. 
 
 § 13. vutccv ayadwv tovovtcov : when there icere so many good things 
 (particularly, provisions) (with Seuthes). Kriig. would prefer ixdp&j/ in- 
 stead of ayadwv : when there were so many enemies (around them). — — 
 evp-nna : cf. note 2, 3, 18. 
 
 § 14. avriXiyei '. has any thing to say in opposition. iiuipr)<pi£eTCi) : 
 
 sc. ris, which with such imperatives is sometimes omitted. Cf. irpoo-evey- 
 
384 NOTES. 
 
 Kara, Conviv. 5, 2. Notice the repetition of ravra three times in suc- 
 cession, and compare above § 13 the repetition of efrj. 
 
 § 16. Mapwueirrjs : from Mapuveia, a Grecian colony on the Thracian 
 coast eastward from Abdera. ■— — ovffrwas refers to the collective kvl e/ea- 
 
 (TT(f. Uapiavovs : from Parium. Cf. 7, 2, 7. irpurov pip : the 
 
 correlative clause is avOis 5e § 18. 
 
 § 17. dLaKdorerai = e|et ra. irpdy/xara. 
 
 § 18. SupeTadai : should make presents. Karayayeiu : to restore. 
 
 Timasion was an exile ; cf. 5, 6, 23 ; 7, 2, 2. roiavra irpovnva.ro : the 
 
 accus. is used because the notion xiyav is contained in the verb ; cf. note 
 2, 1, 18. 
 
 § 19. aWot : Alcibiades is especially referred to. Hellen. 1, 5, 15 ; 2, 
 1, 25. 'd&ov : cf. note 2, 3, 25. 
 
 § 20. %x o3V et ' P-'h ' having (any thing) except. offov i(p6diov : enough 
 
 (money) for travelling expenses. 
 
 § 21. Kady/xevois : the Greeks, on the contrary, after the heroic age 
 reclined on couches at table. rp'nrodes : tables with three feet. 
 
 § 22. at rpdirefai : by meton. the dishes of food which were placed on 
 the tables. baov /x6vov : only enough. 
 
 § 23. to SiappnrT€?y eta yoXps.iv : let the distribution tahe care of itself. 
 
 rpixoiviKov : the x°^'l °^ corn was considered a day's allowance for 
 
 a man ; hence we may render this three days' 1 allowance. 
 
 § 24. irepie<pepov : (they) carried around. The subject is indefinite. 
 
 § 26. ov fi-fj : cf. note on ovttiri iiA\, 2, 2, 12. 
 
 § 28. 'iva Ka\ iyco : that I also, like others. rt/xav : sc. ce. 
 
 § 29. jjSr] . . . irvyxavev : for he happened already to have drank some- 
 what freely. 
 
 § 30. iya Se : others present other gifts, but I etc. rovrovs : on 
 
 the arrangement, cf. note 4, 2, 6. 
 
 § 32. ffvue^eirie ical KareffKe^dcaro fiera tovto to Kepas : drank off (a 
 cup with Xen.), and after this cup poured (wine) over (the guests). Cf. Plat. 
 Leg. 1, 637, e. Instead of fiera tovto, Kiih. reads fxer avrov, and Krug. 
 
 twv jj.er avrov. Kepaci . . . avKovvres : (persons) blowing with hor?is 
 
 such as they use in giving signals ; is the subject of the sentence. ical 
 
 craXiriy^iv . . . aaKiri^ovres : and sounding with trumpets made of raw ox-hide, 
 both in time and as if with the magadis ; f>vB}iovs depends on cra\iri£ovres as 
 accus. of kindred signification ; /xaydSi is an irregular dat. instead of fiayd- 
 SiSt : this instrument seems to have been a lyre with twenty strings. Cf. 
 Die. Antiqq. art. Lyra. 
 
 § 33. Tro\efw<6v : cf. 4, 3, 29. 
 
 § 34. oti &pa : sc. ^rj. oirws seldom stands after verbs of com- 
 manding and of similar meaning. They comm. take the infin. o'l re 
 
BOOK VII. CHAP. IV. 385 
 
 yap . . . cpi\ot seems to be most naturally rendered thus, for not only those 
 who are enemies to us, but you who are our friends are Tkracians. Hence 
 they could not easily be distinguished by night. 
 
 § 35. oiSeV ri : not at all. avrovs, alone.* 
 
 § 36. auajxevtire : the fut. is a milder and in this connection a more 
 courteous expression than the imperative. 
 
 § 37. eftre/j . . . et : cf. note 3, 2, 31, and also 3, 2, 22. 
 
 § 39. cvvGriiia. : cf. note 6, 5, 25. elnov : Seuthes and the Grecian 
 
 generals. 'AOrjvalav : an Ionic form, used also by the Attic writers 
 
 instead of 'A6r)j/a which gradually took the place of the other, older form. 
 ■ cvyyivtiav : of the Athenians and Thracians ; cf. note 7, 2, 31. 
 
 § 40. vvKTas : cf. note 1, 7, 1. 
 
 § 41. rots 'iKirois = to?s iTnrevo'l. 
 
 § 43. to?s 'ittttois : without o~vu ; cf. t<£ 'linra> 1, 8, 1 ; and tw crrpa- 
 rev/xari 1, 7, 14. 
 
 § 45. K a\ os: cf. note 1, 8, 16. 
 
 § 47. rdSe 877 : sc. iariv or ylyverai. The remark of Xen. to which 
 
 Seuthes here alludes is not found in the foregoing narrative. aAAoi 
 
 yap : but (I am not without apprehension) for. &\\os a\\rj SidoKay : 
 
 cf. note 2, 1, 15. 
 
 § 48. irpSfiara aAAa /xvpta : other things (such as) sheep in great num- 
 bers ; cf. note 1, 5 5. 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 Further operations against the enemies of Seuthes, who are finally reduced 
 
 to submission. 
 
 § 1. ola : a brief expression for ivOvfAOvfAevois ola : cf. note on o'iovs 
 1, 7, 4. 
 
 § 2. ottcds av yivoiTO \ &u denotes that the attainment of the object was 
 conditioned, depending on circumstances ; cf. note 2, 5, 16. 
 
 § 3. aireKaiovTO : cf. note 4, 5, 3. 
 
 § 5. toou ai'xjuaAwTOjj/ : partitive gen., some of the captives. on : 
 
 cf. note 5, 6, 19. ical tovtqw: of these also, as he had done to those 
 
 mentioned § 1. virb rb upos : implies motion, Gr. § 299, 111, went and 
 
 encamped etc. So in § 11. Cf. vcp' H\v 3, 4, 37. 
 
 § 8. SeeTcu is not contracted, like ShcrBai 7, 7, 31. 
 
 § 10. avr' iiceiuov : i. e. rod iraidSs. Cf. note 1, 2, 15. /tnjSe ere- 
 
 poj/ is stronger than /j.nder€poy. Cf. ouS 5 kvi 3, 2, 31. 
 
 § 11. KaKovfxevois : cf. note 1, 2, 13. 
 
 17- 
 
386 NOTES, 
 
 § 13. &pa : cf. note 4, 2, 15. 
 
 § 14. els : cf. note 1, 7, 1. 
 
 § 15. ecpao-av, sc. ol Qvvoi. The Thynians affirmed this in their 
 threats. 
 
 §16. MaKearios : from MaKecrros, or Ma/acr-ros in Elis. o/crw/cat-* 
 
 Sena appears to he too small a number. Ktih. conjectures out® nal irsv- 
 
 T't}KOVTa. 
 
 § 17. oTricrOev . . . tols irikras : casting their targets around behind them. 
 It is conjectured that they may have been fastened on -with straps, and 
 hence, in leaping over the fences, some were caught on the stakes. 
 
 § 18. robs irapaTpexovras . . . o*k6tovs : two statements condensed into 
 one, rovs Traparpexovras 7)k6vti£ov, and els rb (pas e/c rod ck6tovs 7}k6u- 
 
 Ti£<3V. 
 
 § 19. rots ivpcaTois : the first that were ready. ya8ero : became 
 
 aware of what was going on. ifio-fj6ei : tvas coming for assistance. 
 
 § 20. avT<£ and avr6v refer to Xen. iacai, sc. orrpareveaOaL. 
 
 § 21. rpnr\affiau, three times as large as before the arrival of the 
 Greeks. 
 
 § 21. SIktjv : satisfaction. On the contrary in 2, 5, 38, it means pun- 
 ishment. ex* lv nas ^ ne same subject as vojxifa. 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 Seuthes fails to fulfil his engagements with the army, but they continue in 
 his service. They finally become dissatisfied with Xenophon, on ac- 
 count of the conduct of Seuthes. 
 
 § 1. inreppdWovo-i : without object as in 6, 5, 7. AeAro : cf. note 
 
 7, 1, 33. Maio-dSov : cf. 7, 2, 32. 
 
 § 2. 'Hpaic\et87)s . . . iraprjv : from Perinthus ; cf. 7, 4, 2. 
 
 § 3. roivvv : cf. note 5, 1, 2 ; also § 10 below. nal avBis : even at 
 
 some future time, not now. rots crparrjyots is in apposition with 
 
 TQVTOiS. 
 
 § 4. rav £evyu>v: Krug. suggests the reading roov fxkv tuxiovik&v &vyS>v. 
 - -- - -- irXeiov : i. e. from the booty which he sold. 
 
 § 5. kavTov = cavTov. The reflexive of the 3d pers. is not unfre- 
 quently used by Xen. for that of the 1st or 2d pers. 
 
 § 8. Tews : up to that time. els . . . TrapaSdbo'eii' : cf. note 3, 1, 9. 
 
 — — not rovro 8iaj8ej8A7]/c6t : had uttered this calumny also. 
 
 § 9. en izvct) is equivalent to avwrepa, farther upward. <r<pe?s : thi9 
 
 unfrequent word is chiefly confined to indirect narration. 
 
BOOK VII. CHAP. VI. 38? 
 
 § 10. au fieWy, crpaT€v<Ta{jX't]v &u : cf. note 5, 1, 9. 
 
 § 12. Me\ivotpdya>v : doubtless so named from their principal article 
 
 of diet (ixtXivrf). 'XaX/j-vdrjcraos : now called Midia. iK-n'mrovGi : 
 
 cf. note 6, 4, 2. 
 
 § 13. irp\v SpiaaaOai is explanatory of recos. 
 
 § 14. fitfiAoi yeypan/.Ui'cu : an important testimony to the traffic In 
 books among the Hellenic colonies of the Euxine. ravra : these re- 
 gions, as in § 13, Kara, ravra. 
 
 § 15. de( : continually, on each occasion ; cf. note 4, 1, 7. 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 
 Xenophon defends his own conduct by a striking presentation of the facts 
 in the case. He declines the invitation of Seuthes to remain longer 
 with him, and resolves to accompany the army into Asia, where it had 
 been invited by the Lacedaemonians to join with them in a war against 
 Tissaphernes. 
 
 § 1. (rrpareveaOai : this was to secure the freedom of the Ionian 
 cities. 
 
 § 2. iirt : cf. note 2, 3, 8. 
 
 § 3. irapdyeiv ; to introduce them, i. e. the Lacedaemonian embassadors. 
 — — — T6 after (pt\os is used to connect this clause with the foregoing. 
 
 § 4. ris avrjp = tto?os avi]p, what sort of a man. X^P 0V ' wor se than 
 
 if he were not (piKoo'rpari&rrjs. aAA' ^ : an ergo. 
 
 § 5. apa . . . /i-f) : this question indicates some solicitude. rrjs 
 
 aTraycayys : the gen. denoting in what respect. rov iua&6v : the article 
 
 is used because the subject was mentioned above § 1. 
 
 § 7. on : cf. note 1, 6, 7. 
 
 § 8. iirr]K6cf} : cf. note 2, 5, 38. 
 
 § 9. ovfiev ireiravfieOa : cf. note 4, 2, 4. robs 7]fJ.er4povs ttSvovs : 
 
 lit. our toils, i. e. the results of our toils. 
 
 § 10. '6 ye Trpcaros Kiywv iyca, at least I the first one speaking, the subj. 
 of SokcD. £// = rovrcav a. &Kkos Kal aWos : cf. 1, 5, 12. 
 
 §11. &AAo . . . fxeu : cf. note 1, 7, 6 ; /acV apparently = jxt}v. 
 
 irdvra : every thing, every sort of fortune. — — — c.Tre'rpairofirjv : 7, 1, 4 ; 
 7, 2, 8. 
 
 § 12. '6dev : cf. note 1, 3, 17. For the allusion, cf. 7, 2, 8 et seqq. 
 
 § 13. oirep . . .. %v is predicated of what follows. 
 
 § 15. el iiraivu : the pres. indie, is used, because Xen. does not wish 
 to indicate his own judgment of the truth of the supposition, but to leave 
 that entirely to the army. (Krug.) irepl uv = rovrow irepl a>v. 
 
388 notes. 
 
 § 16. 'ixovra : sc. ifie. oTfiai : cf. note 2, 1, 16. eirl tovtcp 
 
 . . . oircos : on this condition, that etc. 
 
 § 17. irpdrreiv rivd tl : to demand any thing of any one, without signi- 
 fying whether it is for one's self or for another. If this latter notion is to 
 
 he added, the mid. irpdrrecrQai is used. (Hert.) fiefiaico = ipireSob, 
 
 confirm, secure. 
 
 § 18. iroWov 5e?y : to lach mu^h, to be Jar from ; cf. oXiyov SetV 1, 5, 14. 
 — ■ — crvj/oide jxoi : lit. knows with me, i. e. knows as well as I. 
 
 § 19. fx)} Toivvv /X7j5e : a strong denial, no indeed not even etc. 
 
 § 20. oaco . . . ireviav : lit. by as much more as I should together with this 
 man bear the poverty of that time. 
 
 § 21. rf(xx^v6p.'f\v\ &v is omitted to impart more life to the expression ; 
 see Gr. § 260, Rem. 3. (pi\q> ovti : for any one being a friend, limits 
 
 a1a'x i0V ' 
 
 § 22. ei ye . . . (bvAaicr) : if at least there is any protection to friends. 
 
 iracrav, sc. tyvXaniiv : accus. of cognate meaning with <pvAa£a/j.evous. 
 
 § 23. ra. ivexvpa : the requisite securities. tovtov depends on kvav- 
 
 t'lqv, in the presence of. 
 
 § 24. otoiv : gen. of price ; cf. otov 3, 1, 20. 
 
 § 25. irrl, on the borders of. £y iroXe[xia elvai : sc. avdynri %v. 
 
 § 26. orq> 5e, connect with ovk fy ^cuV, but there was not to us any force 
 with which etc. (rvue<TT7]K6s : regular, organized. 
 
 § 29. iA7)$afj.fj : cf. note on rb jj.->] Kcnairerpa>Qr\vtxi 1, 3, 2. 
 
 § 30. jxiaQbv rrjs a<r$aAeias : cf. note 5, 6, 31. tovto . . . irddrj/xa^ 
 
 is this the cruel suffering that you speak of, etc. ? Spoken with bitter 
 irony. 
 
 § 31. ov : sc. airipx ecrOe. 
 
 § 32. irpbs ineivois : in addition to those things, i. e. in addition to the 
 reputation which you have acquired in Asia ; enelvois though plural may 
 
 refer to el ri as collective. rovroov : for those things, dependent on 
 
 Xapw eldeuai and the antecedent of wv. 
 
 § 33. aTTTJpa from airalpu, I set out. 
 
 § 34. irpbs Aaice$aijj.oviovs must be connected with SfajSejSA^eyos. 
 
 airoffTpocp-fju : cf. note 2, 4, 22. KaraQi l <xeo'8ai : to secure (to one's self"). 
 
 § 35. Ka\ ravra iroXv KpeirToaiv ip.avrov : and that too with persons 
 
 far more powerful than myself. irpayjxarev6ixev6s re v/jav, instead of 
 
 Kai oh irpay. 
 
 § 36. eu re? /xepei: cf. note 3, 4, 23. rpoiraia Papfidpcav : trophies 
 
 commemorating victories over barbarians. edvvdixriv : a recurrence to 
 
 the 1st pers. although 'dvdpa above is 3d pers. irpbs vfias : in respect 
 
 to you, for you. 
 
 § 87. kcl\ yap ovv : cf. note 1, 9, 8. vfxe7s stands as though icaipbv 
 
BOOK VII. CHAP. VII. 389 
 
 vofxi(ere followed instead of ttaipbs Soke? vpuv ; another anacoluthon. 
 
 '6ti : because ; spoken with extreme bitterness. -n-Ae'eTe : not con- 
 tracted ; cf. note 7, 4, 8. 
 
 § 38. ov priv : outus i86icei vjx'iv. fj.vr]fxoviKwraroi is ironical. 
 
 outoi : Charminus and Polynicus. 
 
 § 39. ob r& aid : cf. note 6, 6, 34. ipeorcoPTos e>oD : cf. § 4 above. 
 
 § 40. Aouaia.TT]5 : cf. note 4, 2, 21. toDto depends on arparriy^aai 
 
 as an accus. of cognate meaning, to lead on this expedition, and of this 
 auairpa^ai is epexegetical, to exact from Seuthes etc. 
 
 § 41. to yiyv6\j.eva : £/*e proceeds. ireTrarai: cf. note on iireiraTO 
 
 1, 9, 19. e^e^a avrov : we shall keep hold cf'him. 
 
 § 43. ret x w p' ia • c ^ l-i ^' 8* ^ airoppriTcp iroirjadfj.ei'os : under seal 
 
 of secresy. 
 
 § 44. e\£' ols = eVi Tourots a. avaipei: this word is often used to 
 
 denote the response of an oracle, or other divine response. On the asyn- 
 deton, cf. note 1, 3, 20. 
 
 CHAP. VII. 
 
 The army plunders certain Thracian villages belonging to Medosades. In 
 reply to the expostulations of Medosades, Xenophon defends the con- 
 duct of the army. He is then induced by Medosades to repair again 
 to Seuthes ; who is finally persuaded to furnish the means for paying 
 the army. 
 
 § 1. iaK-fjvriaav els : a condensed expression for iiropevOnaav els . . . nal 
 iaicfivqaav ev . . . 
 
 § 3. Mt)S6kov : cf. 7, 2, 32 ; 7, 3, 16. a\e£6/j.e0a is occasionally 
 
 used elsewhere as here for the fut. 
 
 § 4. Kal airoKptvaaOai : only to reply ; Gr. § 321, Rem. 5. 
 
 § 6. iyKexo-\ivwfievois : cf. note 7, 2, 21. 
 
 § 7. vvv Se : this Se is only an emphatic repetition of the Se at the 
 
 beginning of the sentence, now indeed. Kara Kpdros : by force, by right 
 
 of conquest. 
 
 § 8. oi/x oirws : not only not ; Gr. § 321, 3. (b.) 
 
 § 10. ti k<xl : cf. note 5, 8, 2. ovSey ip,e . . . cnrodidovs : not even 
 
 having called me in (as an adviser), most admirable men / so that, as J in- 
 curred their ill will when I led the army to you, so also now by delivering it up 
 (to them, i. e. the Lacedaemonians) / might secure their favor ; ottcos must 
 be closely connected in idea with ovSev . . . TrapaKaXeaavres. 
 
 § 13. auT<j>, i. e. rep "Eevocpuvri : sc. irpoeiirov. curievai e/c rrjs x&P a * 
 
 is epexegetical of o7rep. 
 
390 NOTES. 
 
 § 14. &y belongs to airoXaftetv. rh. SiKcua : what they have a right 
 
 to demand. 
 
 § 15. el fj.lv cv ri e%ets . . . Keyeiy : sc. Aeye S^. exo^er : sc. 
 
 \eyeiy. 
 
 § 16. robs (plXovs 7]fjuv yeyey/]fieyovs : i. e. the inhabitants of the vil- 
 lages in which the Greeks were quartered ; cf. § 1 and 18. 
 
 § 17. rovrois and rovrovs refer to oi ravra vjjuv Karairpd^avres ', i. e. 
 
 the Greeks. iydevde ap£o/j.e6a : we shall begin from hence, i. e. we shall 
 
 begin with you etc. 
 
 § 18. ev u>v rrj X^?> ^ n whose country. dirorepa, av ipycpicravrai is 
 
 dependent on einrpetyai, to leave to these men the decision of the question, 
 whichever way they shall have decided, whether it was suitable, etc. 
 
 § 19. ouk e077, sc - eirirpe^at &v. oXeadai : sc. e<py) which is im- 
 plied in the connection : irefiireiv on the other hand depends directly on 
 e/ceAeue. 
 
 § 22. irpwTOv fiev : the second reason is given § 27 et seqq. [xera 
 
 robs Sreobs . . . Karacrri]aavra.s : that these persons next to the gods have 
 placed you in an eminent position. 
 
 § 23. roiovra . . . avdpi limits jxeya etvai : to be an important thing for 
 
 such a man. ev aKOveiu vir6, to be well spolcen of by ; vir6 with the gen. 
 
 is used because ev aitoveiv has the force of the pass, voice. cravrSv, 
 
 and Aeyois : a transition from the 3d pers. with which the sentence com- 
 menced to the 2d pers. o, rt : in respect to what. 
 
 § 24. irXavcc/xeuovs : wandering, i. e. failing in their object. croecppo- 
 
 vi^eiv, to render obedient ; corresponds to o~w<ppoveiv (§ 30), to be obedient. 
 
 csAAwj' rb . . . KoAa^eiv : the custom of others to inflict punishment at 
 
 once. 
 
 § 26. rb Kal . . . Karepyaard/xei/ov: that which also secured to you the 
 
 Tcingdom. rovroov rwv XPW* T03V : f or this money, the money due from 
 
 Seuthes to the soldiers ; gen. of price. 
 
 § 27. irus jxeya rjyov : does not mean, how important an object you 
 deemed it (that would be Sos instead of iroos) ; but how you deemed it an im- 
 portant object etc. ; that is, irws qualifies the whole sentence, not simply 
 liiya. 
 
 § 28. apx^Wi as to a beginning, i. e. at all, used with negations. 
 
 § 29. rfj cfj is here objective, friendship for you. 
 
 § 30. <ra<ppove?v : cf. note § 24. to npbs ere : in their relations to 
 
 you. aAkovs re . . . irapayevecrdai, depends on vofxl^oiev or some word 
 
 of similar meaning suggested by opSev. • rovrcoy : from these (Greeks) ; 
 
 depends on aKovovras. /xijre . . . re : cf. note 2, 2, 8. 
 
 § 31. 7]/j.(Zj/ \eupdeyres : inferior to us. aiySvvos fi'f) : cf. note 4, 1, 6. 
 
 avmrpd^wcriv : sc. ot AaKedai[x,6vioi. 
 
BOOK VII. CHAP. VIII. 391 
 
 § 35. a\\a ydp : at enim, but you may forsooth say something in reply 
 for. ■ iroAv e\arrov, a much less difficult thing. 
 
 § 36. 6 oplfav : which determines. 
 
 § 39. iirl to?s crrparidrats : for the sake of the soldiers, i. e. to conciliate 
 the soldiers totcards you. 
 
 § 40. ^tTjSe cbroSiStWos : not even had you offered (it). icanus exovra 
 
 agrees with rd. 
 
 § 41. irp6s : in comparison with. 
 
 § 45. 8u>pa : objeet of exetj/. 
 
 § 4G. airoKeTadai : should be laid up, should be preserved. • viriaxvov- 
 uevos ovk iveirlfnrAao'o : were not satisfied in promising, were not xoeary in 
 promising. 
 
 § 47. otl cot 56^ei airodovvcu depends on diSd^eiv, will teach you that it 
 
 shall seem good to you to pay what is due. robs col Trpoe/j.4yovs evepye- 
 
 clav : those who have thrown away a favor on you ; the reference is of course 
 fco the Greeks. 
 
 § 49. avo/xoius . . . ore : not being in the same standing in the army now 
 as when etc. ; cf. 5, 4, 21. 
 
 § 50. ra x u p' ia '• 7, 5, 8. 
 
 § 53. rovs rwv aSiKrjadyrcou ere dfxripovs : cf. 7, 4, 14 et seqq., and 7, 4, 
 20 et seqq. 
 
 § 54. i£iKvrjrai = il-apiey. rivos raXavrov, whose talent. op' ovk 
 
 &jj.eivoi/, sc. icrri, is it not better etc. irerpovs: a playful allusion to 7, 6, 10. 
 
 § 55. avroTs : Xen. and his companions. ikdaovras : elsewhere 
 
 Xen. like the other Attic writers uses the fut. |A». iroWtyv . . . alrtav ' 
 
 they received much censure, i. e. for fraud in distributing the money. 
 
 § 57. ov irpoayei : did not go near, i. e. to Charminus and Polynicus, 
 
 lest he also should incur censure. olKade : brief for &s ofcade airicbv. 
 
 ov ydp irw : cf. Introduc. § 1. 
 
 CHAP. VIII. 
 
 The army crosses over to Lampsacus. Xenophon having taken to himself 
 none of the pay for the army, finds himself in want. He proceeds with 
 the army to Pergamus and is hospitably entertained by Hellas the wife 
 of Gongylus. By her advice he attacks the neighboring castle of Asi- 
 tades a Persian, and having got possession of it, obtains a large amount 
 of booty. The army is delivered up to Thimbron and incorporated 
 with the forces which were raised to prosecute the war against Tissa- 
 phernes. 
 
 § 1. Ad/llanos : a city on the Hellespont N. E. from Abydus ; now called 
 Lampsaki. #Atd<nos : from Phlius ("fcAtous), a city between Argolis 
 
392 NOTES. 
 
 and Achaia^ ■ rod . . . yeypacpSros : these words have been explained 
 
 in different ways, according as ypd<peiv has been taken in the sense to paint 
 or to write ; thus, the one who painted in the Lycaeum the dreams, or, the one 
 who wrote the (work entitled) dreams in the Lycaeum. 
 
 § 3. Trapeo-TTjaaTO rhv EvKXeidnu : he placed Euclides near (himself). 
 
 i§wv ra lepd : the soothsayer appears to have drawn the inference 
 
 of Xenophon's destitution from the inferior quality of the victims. ■ 
 
 ^ueAA?? : sc. xPVf Jt - ara j — ecreaOat, sc. croi. ah o~avT<£ : you appear in the 
 
 way of yourself i. e. through your own want of care for yourself. 
 
 § 4. 6 Zeus o MetA. : under this name Zeus was worshipped especially 
 at Athens, at the festival called Aidcria. (Thucyd. 1, 126.) 
 
 § 5, 'Ocppvuiov : a city of Troas, not far from Dardanus. tw ira- 
 
 rpica vSfjLcp seems to be spoken of wAo/cauret. It was not usual to consume 
 by fire the whole victim in sacrifices, except in the case of those which 
 were offered to Zeus Milichius. 
 
 § 6. Bion and Euclides were sent by Thimbron. This Euclides is not 
 
 the same as the one mentioned in § 1. irevTrjKovra SapeiKuu : this 
 
 price (not far from $200), appears to have been an ordinary price for a 
 good horse. (Hert.) 
 
 § 7. rrjs Avdias . . . irefiiov : sc. a^iKvovvrai. Q^firjs irediov : called 
 
 also 0^/377. 
 
 § 8. 'Arpa/AVTTiov : a city opposite Lesbos, on a gulf of the same 
 name. Keprovtov : perhaps it should be written Kvroviov ; it corre- 
 sponds in situation with the modern Grecian city KvSuviais. £evovrai, 
 
 is hospitably received and entertained ; on the contrary in § 6 ^gvovvtcu T(p 
 "Eevocp&vri, they establish friendly relations with Xen. 
 
 § 9. abr6v, after %<pri, means Xenophon. 
 
 § 11. re connects XafS&v and deiirwhcras. ^laad^voi : having 
 
 forced themselves into the company. wj kroijAcav : sc. ovtuv. 
 
 § 12. rrjs rvpcios depends on irepil-. This word often governs the 
 gen. in Herod. ; seldom in Attic writers. 
 
 § 14. iiri : cf. note 1, 2, 15 and 5, 2, 6. oie<pdvf) : impers., an 
 
 opening appeared through. {5ovw6pci) 6j5eAio~Kcp : with an enormous 
 
 spear. 
 
 § 15. Kofxavia : perhaps a castle in the neighborhood. 'Tpudvioi. 
 
 They dwelt on the eastern coast of the Caspian sea. TreXraaral : in 
 
 apposition with &XX01. Cf. note on &XXo oevopou 1, 5, 5. TiapQhiov 
 
 and ' AiroXXuvla : cities in the neighborhood of Pergamus. 
 
 § 16. XafiovTes . . . avfipdiroBa : having taken as many oxen and sheep 
 and slaves as there were, they drove them away etc. With the position of 
 
 jjXavi/ov, compare that of di^piraaav 1, 2, 26; and airrjei 7, 1, 41. 
 
 ouTw : Kuhn. reads e-n. el . . . airioiev : cf. note 3, 4, 35. 
 
BOOK VII. CIIAP. VIII. 393 
 
 § 17. Kal aiir6s : himself also, as well as those mentioned § 15. 
 
 fiia : in spite of, against the will of. UpoKXrjs . . . 6 airb A. : cf. 2, 1, 3, 
 
 § 18. Kvi<\(f> : in the form of a circle. Thus the arrows of the enemy 
 would strike their shields obliquely. Kriig. conjectures that the shields on 
 
 one side of the circle would he carried on the right arm. irp6 : before, 
 
 so as to ward off. 
 
 § 19. oaov. enough for ; cf. 7, 3, 20. The expression implies that 
 there were hut few. 
 
 § 20. ]xo.KpoTO.Ti\v : sc. 6d6v. rrjs Avdias depends on p.aKpora.T7]v, 
 
 as far as possible into Lydia. els to . . . acpvXaKrelv : so that the enemy 
 
 might not fear on account of the fact that the Greeks were near, but might be 
 off their guard, els t6, to the end that, so that. Some editions have *&o-Te. 
 
 § 21. e7r' avr6v, i. e. e7rl t<£ leuai iir' avr6y. ix<>vo~as : extending, 
 
 seldom thus used. (Kriig.) 
 
 § 22. airefir) : were fulfilled. ra iepd, the signs discovered in the 
 sacrifices. 
 
 § 23. tov &e6v : tov Ala tov Mei\lx<-ov, § 4 et seqq. § 10. e|cu- 
 
 pera : choice portions cf the booty. 
 
 § 24. e/c rovrov : in the spring of 399 B. C. 
 
 .§ 25. This section and the following are supposititious. eirfySo- 
 
 fxev : see Introduc. § 6. AvUas . . . Qpvylas. Much rather, Cyrus and 
 
 afterwards Tissaphernes were satraps of these provinces ; cf. 1, 9, 7 and 
 
 2, 5, 11. The same remark is true of Cappadocia. 'Eo"irep?Tai : cf. 
 
 note 4, 7, 18. XaAujSes Kal XaXdaioi : in the Anabasis these are one 
 
 and the same people. KoTrai : not elsewhere mentioned. Hevdrjs 
 
 is improperly mentioned as one of the &pxovres rrjs fSa<n\e<as %^/>as. 
 
 § 26. &pidfxos : cf. note 2, 2, 6. deKairevre instead of irevTeKaideKa : 
 
 such forms occur only in the later writers. Karafidffews : only to Coty- 
 
 cra, as appears by a comparison with 2, 2, 6 and 5, 5, 4. 
 
 THE ENT). 
 
Latin Classical Works. 
 Select Orations of M. Tullius Cicero 
 
 WITH NOTES, FOE THE USE OF SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. 
 BY E. A. JOHNSON", 
 
 TKOFESSOK OF LATEST IN THB UNIVERSITY OF NEW YOKA. 
 
 12mo. 459 pages. Price $1. 
 
 This edition of Cicero's Select Orations possesses some special advantages for th« 
 student which are both new and important. It is the only edition which contains 
 tha improved text that has been prepared by a recent careful collation and correct 
 deciphering of the best manuscripts of Cicero's writings. It is the work of the cele- 
 brated Orelli, Madvig, and Klotz, and has been done since the appearance of Orelli's 
 complete edition. The Notes, by Professor Johnson, of the New York University, 
 have been mostly selected, with great care, from the best German authors, as well as 
 the English edition of Arnold. 
 
 From Thomas CnASE, Tutor in Latin in Harvard University. 
 
 "An edition of Cicero like Johnson's has long been wanted; and the excellence 
 of the text, the illustrations of words, particles, and pronouns, and the explanation 
 of various points of construction and interpretation, bear witness to the Editor's 
 familiarity with some of the most important results of modern scholarship, and en- 
 title his work to a large share of public favor." 
 
 " It seems to us an improvement upon any edition of these orations that has 
 been published in this country, and will be found a valuable aid in their studies to 
 the lovers of classical literature." — Troy Daily Whig, 
 
 / 
 
 Cicero de Officiis, 
 
 WITH ENGLISH NOTES, MOSTLY TEANSLATED FEOM ZUMPT AND 
 
 BONNELL, 
 By THOMAS A. THACHER, 
 
 OF YALE COLLEGE. 
 
 12mo. 194 pages. Price 90 Cents. 
 In this edition, a few historical notes have been introduced in cases where the 
 Dictionary in common ur.e have not been found to contain the desired information ; 
 the design of which is to aid the learner in understanding the contents of the trea- 
 tises, the thoughts and reasoning of the author, to explain grammatical difficulties, and 
 inculcate a knowledge of grammatical principles. The Editor has aimed throughout 
 to guide rather than carry the learner through difficulties ; requiring of him more 
 study, in consequence of his help, than he would have devoted to the book without it. 
 
 from M. L. Stoever, Professor of the Latin Language and Literature in Penn, 
 
 College. 
 
 "I have examined with much pleasure Prof. Thacher's edition of Cicero de 
 Officiis, and am convinced of its excellence. The Notes have been prepared with 
 great care and good judgment. Practical knowledge of the wants of the student, has 
 enabled the Editor to furnish just the kind of assistance required; grammatical diffi- 
 culties are removed, and the obscurities of the treatise are explained, the interest of 
 \he learner is elicited, and his industry directed rather than superseded. There can 
 be but one opinion with regard to the merits of the work, and I trust that Professor 
 Thachor will be disposed to continue his labors so carefully commenced, in thla da- 
 oswrtment of classical learning." 
 
Gre ek Classical W orks. 
 Greek Ollendorff; 
 
 BEING A. PEOGEESSIVE EXHIBITION OF THE PEINCIPLES OF THE 
 
 GEEEK GEAMMAE. 
 
 BY ASAHEL C. KENDRICK, 
 
 MtOFESSOR OP THE GEEEK LANG TJ AGE AND LITERATURE IN THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OP ROCHESTER. 
 
 12mo. 371 pages. Price $1. 
 
 Th» present work is what its title indicates, strictly an Ollendorff', and aims U 
 apply the methods which have proved so successful in the acquisition of the modern 
 languages to the study of Ancient Greek, with such differences as the different genius 
 of the Greek, and the different purposes for which it is studied, suggest. It differs 
 from the modern Ollendorffs in containing exercises for reciprocal translation, in 
 confining them within a smaller compass, and in a more methodical exposition of the 
 principles of the language. 
 
 The leading object of the author was to furnish a book which should serve as an 
 introduction to the study of Greek, and precede the use of any grammar. It will 
 therefore be found, although not claiming to embrace all the principles of the Gram- 
 mar, yet complete in itself, and will lead the pupil, by insensible gradations, from the 
 simpler constructions to those which are more complicated and difficult. The excep- 
 tions, and the more idiomatic forms, it studiously avoids, aiming only to exhibit the 
 regular and ordinary usages of the language as the proper starting-point for the stu- 
 dent's further researches. 
 
 In presenting these, the author has aimed to combine the strictest accuracy with 
 the utmost simplicity of statement. His work is therefore adapted to a younger class 
 of pupils than have usually engaged in the study of Greek, and will, it is hoped, win 
 to the acquisition of that noble tongue many in our academies and primary schooli 
 who have been repelled by the less simple character of our ordinary text-books. 
 
 EXEEOISES IN 
 
 Greek Composition. 
 
 ADAPTED TO THE FIEST BOOK OF XENOPHON'S ANABASIS 
 By JAMES R. BOISE, 
 
 PROFESSOR OP GREEK IN THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 12mo. 185 pages. Price 75 Cents. 
 These Exercises consist of easy sentences, similar to those in the Anabasis, In 
 having the same words and constructions, and are designed by frequent repetition to 
 make the learner familiar with the language of Xenophon. Accordingly, the chap- 
 ters and sections in both are made to correspond. No exercises can be more improv- 
 ing than those in this volume ; obliging the student as they do, by analysis and syn- 
 thesis, to master the constructions employed by one of the purest of Greek writers, 
 ted Imbuing him with the spirit of one of th« ereatest historians of all antiquity. 
 
Latin Classical Works. 
 
 Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic 
 
 War. 
 
 WITn ENGLISH NOTES, CEITICAL AND EXPLANATOEY ; A LEXICON 
 6E0GEAPHICAL AND HISTOEICAL INDEXES, A MAP OF GAUL, &o. 
 
 By REY. J. A. SPENCER, D.D. 
 
 12mo. 408 pages. Price Si. 
 
 In the preparation of this volume, great care has "been taken to adapt it in every 
 respect to the wants of the young student, to make it a means at the same time ot 
 advancing him in a thorough knowledge of Latin, and inspiring him with a desire 
 for further acquaintance with the classics of the language. Dr. Spencer has not, like 
 some commentators, given an abundance of help on the easy passages, and allowed 
 the difficult ones to speak for themselves. His notes are on those parts on which 
 the pupil wants them, and explain, not only grammatical difficulties, but allusions oi 
 every kind in the text. A well-drawn sketch of Caesar's life, a map of the region in 
 which his campaigns were carried on, and a Vocabulary, which removes the neces- 
 sity of using a large dictionary and the waste of time consequent thereon, enhance 
 the value of the volume in no small degree. 
 
 (^uintus Curtius: 
 
 LIFE AND EXPLOITS OF ALEXANDEE THE GEEAT. 
 
 EDITED AND ILLTTSTEATED WITH ENGLISH NOTES, 
 
 By WM. HENRY CROSBY. 
 
 • 12mo. 385 pages. Price $1. 
 
 Curtius' History of Alexander the Great, though little used in the schools ol 
 this country, in England and on the Continent holds a high place in the estimation 
 of classical instructors. The interesting character of its subject, the elegance of its 
 style, and the purity of its moral sentiments, ought to place it at least on a par with 
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 fessor of Latin in Eutgers College, is unexceptionable in typography, convenient in 
 form, scholarly and practical in its notes, and altogether an admirable text-book foi 
 olasses preparing for college. 
 
 From Prop. Owen, of the New YorTc Free, Academy. 
 
 " It gives me great pleasure to add my testimonial to the many you are receiving 
 In favor of the beautiful and well-edited edition of Quintus Curtius, by Prof. Wm. 
 Henry Crosby. It is seldom that a classical book is submitted to me for examina- 
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 neither too exuberant nor too meagre, but happily exemplifying the golden mean a 
 desirable and yet so very difficult of attainment." 
 
Greek Classical Works. 
 
 SHOKT AND COMPKEHENSIYE 
 
 Greek Grammar, 
 
 By J. T. CHAMPLIN. 
 
 ncrissoR of geeek and latin in wateeville ro^tioi 
 12mo. 208 pages. Price 75 cents. 
 
 In compiling this grammar, Prof. Champlin has drawn upon the best critics and 
 grammarians, and with the results of his research has interwoven much oilginal mat 
 ter suggested during several years 1 experience in teaching, and editing Greek authors. 
 His design is to exhibit the essential facts and principles of the language in the clear- 
 est, briefest, and most practicable form possible. With this view, all theories and 
 complications belonging to general grammar have been avoided, and only their re- 
 sults used. The amplification and illustration of principles have been carried only 
 so far as is necessary to their comprehension. In this way all the real wants of the 
 Greek student are met, while his attention is not distracted by unnecessary and em- 
 barrassing details. Materials for oral exercises are supplied, and a sketch of Greek 
 versification is given in an appendix. 
 
 From the Eev. Mb. Anderson, New Orleans. 
 
 B I believe the author has fully accomplished what he proposes in his preface. 
 To those wishing to study Greek, I am satisfied he has presented a book which will 
 much tend to simplify the study to beginners — and at the same time, without being 
 too voluminous, presents as lucid and full an exposition of the principles of the lan- 
 guage, as can be contained within so small a compass. 
 
 Kuhner's Greek Grammar, y/ 
 
 TRANSLATED BY 
 
 PROFESSORS EDWARDS AND TAYLOR. 
 Large 12mo. 620 pages. Price $1 50. 
 
 Kuhner's Is universally acknowledged to be the most accurate, comprehensive, 
 elear, and practical grammar of the Greek language now extant. It is the work of 
 one who devoted his life to Greek philology, and spent years of patient labor ia 
 perfecting this work. Too full and learned for the beginner, it is just what is needed 
 for the college curriculum, containing all that a book of reference should contain. 
 The student will never appeal to its pages in vain. In fulness of illustration, co- 
 piousness of reference, and philosophical analysis of the various forms of language, it 
 _s unsurpassed, we might say unequalled. 
 
 The present translation is made by two distinguished American scholars, who 
 have revised the whole, verified the references, and appended an original treatise of 
 their own on Greek versification. A3 now presented to the public, it is believed to 
 be as perfect a grammar of th ■> Greek language as enlightened research and profound 
 scholarship can. produce. 
 
Greek Classical Works. 
 Xenophon's Anabasis. V 
 
 WITH EXPLANATOKY NOTES FOE THE USE OF SCHOOLS AND 
 COLLEGES IN THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 BY JAMES R. BOISE, 
 
 PROFESSOR OF GKEEK IN THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. 
 
 12mo. 393 pages. Price Si. 
 
 A handsome and convenient edition of this great classic, really adapted to th 
 wants of schools, has long been needed ; the want is here met by Professor Boise in a 
 manner that leaves nothing to be desired. Decidedly the best German editions, 
 whether text or commentary be considered, have appeared within the last few years ; 
 and of these Mr. Boise has made free use; while, at the same time, he has not lost 
 eight of the fact that the classical schools of this country are behind those of Ger- 
 many, and that simpler and more elementary explanations are therefore often neces- 
 sary in a work prepared for American schools. Nothing has been put in the notes 
 for the sake of a mere display of learning, — pedantry is out of place in a school-book; 
 and nothing has been introduced by way of comment except what can be turned to 
 practical use by the reader. 
 
 An historical introduction, which will enable the pupil to enter on his task intel- 
 ligently, is prefixed. An abundance of geographical information, embodying the 
 latest discoveries of travellers, is supplied ; and the whole is illustrated with Kio 
 pert's excellent map, showing the entire route of the ten thousand on their retreat. 
 
 From Dr. "William Smith, London, Author of " History of Greece" 
 " Dictionary of Antiquities" &c. &c. 
 
 " I am very much obliged to you for a copy of your edition of Xenophon's Anab- 
 asis, which I have carefully inspected, and think to be decidedly the best edition of 
 the work I have hitherto seen, for school and college purposes." 
 
 Xenophon's Memorabilia of Socrates. 
 
 WITH NOTES AND AN INTKODUCTION. 
 BY R. D. C. ROBBINS, 
 
 PROFESSOR OF LANGUAGES IN MIDDLESEX COLLEGE, VERMONT. 
 
 12mo. 421 pages. Price $1. 
 
 This will be found an exceedingly useful book for College classes. The text is 
 large and distinct, the typography accurate, and the notes judicious and scholarly. 
 Instead of referring the. student to a variety of books, few of which are within his 
 reach, the editor has wisely supplied whatever is necessary. An admirable treatise 
 on the Life of Socrates introduces the work, and English and Greek Indexes render 
 U easy to refer to the text and notes. 
 
 From Prof. Harrison, University of Virginia. 
 
 "The Notes contain, in much detail, the grammatical and other explanations 
 vdiich it would be convenient for the learner to have placed before him, instead of 
 having to refer to various books. I have no doubt that the Notes are very carefully 
 prepared, and in accordance with the best authorities." 
 
Greek Classical Works. 
 Arnold's Greek Course. 
 
 REVISED, CORRECTED AO IMPROVED. 
 
 By the REV. J. A. SPENCER, D. D. 
 
 late professor of latin' and oriental languages in Burlington college, n. j 
 
 FIRST GREEK BOOK, on the Plan of the First Latin Book. 12mo. 291 
 
 pages. Price 75 cents. 
 PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION TO GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION. 12mo 
 
 237 pages. Price 75 cents. 
 
 SECOND PART TO THE ABOVE. 12mo. 248 pages. Price 75 cents. 
 
 GREEK READING BOOK. Containing the substance of the Practical In- 
 troduction to Greek Construing, and a Treatise on the Greek Par- 
 ticles; also, copious selections from Greek Authors, with Critical 
 and Explanatory English Notes, and a Lexicon. 12mo. 618 pages. 
 Price $1 25. 
 
 A complete, thorough, practical, and easy Greek course is here presented. The 
 beginner commences -with the "First Book," in which the elementary principles of 
 the language are unfolded, not in abstract language, difficult both to comprehend and 
 to remember, but as practically applied in sentences. Throughout the whole, tho 
 pupil sees just where he stands, ana is taught to use and apply what he learns. His 
 progress is, therefore, as rapid as it is intelligent and pleasant. There is no unneces- 
 sary verbiage, nor is the pupil's attention diverted from what is really important by 
 a mass of minor details. It is the experience of teachers who use this book, that with 
 it a given amount of Greek Grammar can be imparted to a pupil in a shorter timo 
 and with far less trouble than with any other text-book. 
 
 The "First Book" may with advantage be followed by the "Introduction to 
 Greek Prose Composition." The object of this work is to enable the student, as soon 
 as he can decline and conjugate with tolerable facility, to translate simple sentences 
 after given examples and with given words ; the principles employed being those of 
 imitation and very frequent repetition. It is at once a Syntax, a Vocabulary, and an 
 Exercise book. The " Second Part " carries the subject further, unfolding the most 
 complicated constructions, and the nicest points of Latin Syntax. A Key is provided 
 :or the teacher's use. 
 
 The "Eeader," besides extracts judiciously selected from the Greek classics, con 
 tains valuable instructions to guide the learner in translating and construing, and a 
 -ioniplete exposition of the particles, their signification and government It is a flt- 
 Mn<r sequel to the earlier parts of the course, everywhere showing the hand of an 
 acute critic, an accomplished scholar, and an experienced teacher. 
 
 From the Eev. Dr. Coleman, Professor of Greek and Latin, Princeton, A 7 ". J. 
 
 " I can. from the most satisfactory experience, bear testimony to the excellence 
 : your series of Text-Books for Schools. I am in the daily use of Arnold's Latin 
 arid Greek Exercises, and consider them decidedly superior to any other Elementary 
 Works in those Languages."* 
 
Greek Classical Works. 
 Selections from Herodotus ; 
 
 Comprising mainly stxch portions as give a Connected History of tub East 
 to the Fall cf Babtlon and the Death of Cyrus the Great. 
 
 BY HERMAN M. JOHNSON, D. D., 
 
 rBOFUSSOR OF PHILOSOPHY AND ENGLISH LITERATURE IN DICKINSON COLLEGE. 
 
 12mo. 185 pages. Price 75 Cents. 
 
 The present selection embraces such parts of Herodotus as give a connected his- 
 tory of Asiatic nations. These portions are not only particularly interesting in 
 themselves, but open to the student a new field, inasmuch as the other Greek and 
 Roman authors commonly put into his hands leave Miis period of* history untouched. 
 
 Herodotus is peculiarly adapted to academical reading. It has charms for the 
 student which no other text-book possesses, on account of the simple elegance of the 
 style and the liveliness of the narrative. In preparing his notes, the editor has borne 
 In mind that they are intended for learners in the earlier part of their classical 
 course ; he has therefore made the explanations in the former part of the work quite 
 full, with frequent references to such grammars as are in the hand3 of most students. 
 
 The notes proper are purely explanatory and grammatical. Other remarks, in 
 the way of criticism or investigation, are appended to the several chapters, for the 
 sake of awakening reflection and inciting to further inquiry. 
 
 A condensed treatise on the Ionic Dialect and the peculiar forms of declension 
 and conjugation used by Herodotus, removes one of the most serious difficulties that 
 has heretofore embarrassed the student in reading this author. If this chapter is 
 learned in advance, the dialectic forms, otherwise so troublesome, will be recognized 
 without the slightest difficulty. 
 
 The text is printed in large, bold type, and accompanied with a Map of the regions 
 described. 
 
 SOPHOCLES' 
 
 (Edipus Tyrannus. 
 
 WITH ENGLISH NOTES, FOR THE USE OF STUDENTS IN SCHOOLS 
 
 AND COLLEGES. 
 
 EY HOWARD CROSBY, A. M., 
 
 PROFESSOR OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE IN THE 
 NEW YORK UNIVERSITY. 
 
 12mo. 138 pages. Price 75 Cents. 
 
 The object had in view in this publication is to furnish to college-students the 
 masterpiece of the greatest of Greek tragic poets in a convenient form. No learned 
 criticism on the text was needed or has been attempted. The Tauchnitz edition has 
 been chiefly followed, and such aid is rendered, in the way of notes, as may assist, 
 not render needless, the efforts of the student. Too much help begets indolence, 
 too little, despair : the author has striven to present the happy mean. 
 
 Tho inviting appearance of the text and the merit of the commentary have made 
 this volume a favorite wherever it has been used. 
 
Latin Classical Works. 
 The Works of Horace. 
 
 WITH ENGLISH NOTES, FOE THE USE OE SCHOOLS AND C0LLEGE8 
 
 BY J. L. LINCOLN", 
 
 PROFESSOR OF THE LATIN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE IN BROWN UNIVERSITY. 
 
 12mo. 575 pages. Price $1 25. 
 The text of this edition is mainly that of Orelli, the most important readings of 
 other critics Deing given in foot-notes. The volume is introduced with a biographical 
 sketch of Horace and a critique on his writings, which enable the student to enter in- 
 telligently on his work. Peculiar grammatical constructions, as well as geographical 
 and historical allusions, are explained in notes, which are just full enough to aid the 
 pupil, to excite him to gain a thorough understanding of the author, and awaken in 
 him a taste for philological studies, without taking all labor off his hands. "While the 
 chief aim has been to impart a clear idea of Latin Syntax as exhibited in the text, it 
 has also been a cherished object to take advantage of the means so variously and richly 
 furnished by Horace for promoting the poetical taste and literary culture of the 
 student. 
 
 From an article, by Prof. Bahr, of the University of Heidelberg, in the 
 Heidelberg Annals of Literature. 
 
 " There are already several American editions of Horace, intended for the use of 
 schools; of one of these, which has passed through many editions, and has also been 
 widely circulated in England, mention has been formerly made in this journal; but 
 that one we may not put upon an equality with the one now before us, inasmuch as 
 this has taken a different stand-point, which may serve as a sign of progress in this 
 department of study. The editor has, it is true, also intended his work for the use of 
 schools, and has sought to adapt it, in all its parts, to such a use ; but still, without los- 
 ing sight of this purpose, he has proceeded throughout with more independence. In the 
 preparation of the Notes, the editor has faithfully observed the principles (laid down 
 in his preface); the explanations of the poet's words commend themselves by a com- 
 pressed brevity which limits itself to what is most essential, and by a sharp precision 
 of expression ; and references to other passages of the poet, and also to grammars, 
 dictionaries, &c, are not wanting. 
 
 SALLUST'S 
 
 Jugurtha and Catiline \f 
 
 WITH NOTES AND A VOCABULAET 
 BY NOBLE BUTLER AND MINARD STURGUS. 
 
 12mo. 397 pages. Price $1. 
 
 The editors have spent a vast amount of time and labor in correcting the text, by 
 a comparison of the most improved German and English editions. It is* believed that 
 this will be found superior to any edition hitherto published in this country. In ac- 
 cordance with their chronological order, the "Jugurtha" precedes the " Catiline." 
 The Notes are copious and tersely expressed ; they display not only fine scholarship,, 
 but (what is quite as necessary in such a book) a practical knowledge of the difficul 
 ilea "vhich the student encounters in reading this author, and the aids that he re- 
 $ni"»8. The Vocabulary was prepared by the late Wulliam H. G-. Butukb. I* 
 will »e found an able and faithful performance. 
 
Latin Classical "Worfcs. 
 
 Germania and Agricol 
 
 a 
 
 OF CAIUS CpRNELIUS TACITUS, 
 
 WITH NOTES FOE COLLEGES. 
 By W. S. TYLER, 
 
 PBOFE8SOR OF THE GKEEK AND LATIN LANGUAGES IN AMHERST COLLEGE. 
 
 12mo. 193 pages. Price 62 Cents. 
 Tacitus's account of Germany and life of Agricola are among the most fascinating 
 and instructive Latin classics. The present edition has been prepared expressly for 
 college classes, by one who knows what they need. In it will be found : 1. A Latin 
 text, approved by all the more recent editors. 2. A copious illustration of the gram- 
 matical constructions, as well as of the rhetorical and poetical usages peculiar to 
 Tacitus. In a writer so concise it has been deemed necessary to pay particular re- 
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 language of the Eoman people. 4. An embodiment in small compass of the most val- 
 uable labors of such recent German critics as Grimm, Giinther, Gruber, Kiessling, 
 Dronke, Eoth, Euperti, and "Walther. 
 
 From Prof. Lincoln, of Brown University. 
 
 "I have found the book in daily use with my class of very great servioe, very 
 practical, and well suited to the wants of students. I am very much pleased with the 
 Life of Tacitus and the Introduction, and indeed with the literary character of the 
 book throughout. We shall make the book a part of our Latin course." 
 
 The Hiftories of Tacitus. 
 
 By W. S. TYLER. 
 WITH NOTES FOE COLLEGES. 
 
 I 
 
 i2mo. 453 pages. Price SI 25. 
 
 The text of Tacitus is here presented in a form as correct as a comparison of the 
 best editions can make it. Notes are appended for the student's use, which contain 
 not only the grammatical, but likewise all the geographical, archaeological, and his- 
 torical illustrations that are necessary to render the author intelligible. It has been 
 the constant aim of the editor to carry students beyond the dry details of grammar 
 mid lexicography, and introduce them to a familiar acquaintance and lively sympathy 
 with the author and his times. Indexes to the notes, and to the names of persons and 
 places, render reference easy. 
 
 From Pkof. Hackett, of Netcton Theological Stminary. 
 
 " The notes appear to me to be even more neat and elegant than those on thd 
 Germania and Agricola.' They come as near to such notes as I would be glad Lj 
 (Trite myself on a classic, as almost any thing that I have yet seen." 
 
Latin Classical Works. 
 L i n c o 1 n's L i v y. 
 
 SELECTIONS FROM THE EIKST FIVE BOOKS, TOGETHER "WTTII THB 
 TWENTY-FIRST AND TWENTY-SECOND BOOKS ENTIEE: WITH 
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 AND ENGLISH NOTES FOE THE USE OF SCHOOLS. 
 
 By J. L. LINCOLN, 
 
 PEOFE3SOE OF THE LATIN LANGUAGE AND LITEBATTTEE IN BEOWN UNIVEBSITT. 
 
 12mo. 329 pages. Price $1. 
 
 The publishers believe that in this edition of Livy a want is supplied which has 
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 notes have been prepared with special reference to the grammatical study of the 
 language, and the illustration of its forms, constructions, and idioms, as used by 
 Livy. They will not be found to foster habits of dependence in the student, by 
 supplying indiscriminate translation or unnecessary assistance ; but come to his help 
 only in such part.* as it is fair to suppose he cannot master by his own exertions. 
 They also embrace all necessary information relating to history, geography, and an- 
 tiquities. 
 
 Lincoln's Livy has been highly commended by critics, and is used in nearly all 
 the colleges in the country. 
 
 From Peof. Andeeson, of Waterville College. 
 
 "A careful examination of several portions of your work has convinced me that 
 for the use of students, it is altogether superior to any edition of Livy with which I 
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 c-alities mentioned in the text. The book will be hereafter used in our college." 
 
 -*+♦- 
 
 BEZA'S LATIN VERSION 
 
 OF 
 
 The New Te ft anient. 
 
 12mo. 291 pages. Price 75 cents. 
 
 The now acknowledged propriety of giving students of languages familiar works 
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 themselves that the pains bestowed frill insure for it a preference over other editions. 
 
Latin Classical Works. 
 Arnold's Latin Courfe. 
 
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 Eevised and carefully Corrected, by J. A. SPENCEE, D. D. 12mo 
 
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 EI PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION TO LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION. 
 
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 Ill, CORNELIUS NEPOS. With Questions and Answers, and an Imitativh 
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 Historical and Geographical Index, &o. 12mo. 350 pages. Price $1. 
 
 Arnold's Classical Series has attained a circulation almost unparalleled, having 
 been introduced into nearly all the leading educational institutions in the United 
 States. The secret of this success is, that the author has hit upon the true system of 
 teaching the ancient languages. He exhibits them not as dead, but as living tongues, 
 and by imitation and repetition, the means which nature herself points out to the 
 child learning his mother tongue, he familiarizes the student with the idioms em- 
 ployed by the elesrant writers and speakers of antiquity. 
 
 The First and Second Latin Book should be put in the hands of the beginner, who 
 will soon acquire from its pages a better idea of the language than could be gained by 
 months of study according to the old system. The reason of this is, that every thing 
 has a practical bearing, and a principle is no sooner learned than it is applied. The 
 pupil is at once set to work on exercises. 
 
 The Prose Composition forms an excellent sequel to the above work, or may b e 
 used with any other course. It teaches the art of writing Latin more correctly and 
 thoroughly, more easily and pleasantly, than any other work. In it3 pages Latin 
 synonymes are carefully illustrated, differences of idiom noted, cautions as to common 
 errors impressed on the mind, and every help afforded towards attaining a pure and 
 flowing Latin style. 
 
 From ¥i. "Wheeler, Principal Worcester County High School. 
 
 "In the skill with which he sets forth the idiomatic peculiarities, as well as in 
 the directness and simplicity with which he states the facts of the ancient languages, 
 Mr. Arnold has no superior. I know of no books so admirably adapted to awaken an 
 interest in the study of language, or so well fitted to lay the foundation of a correct 
 scholarship and refined taste. 1 ' 
 
 From A. B. Russell, Oakland High School. 
 
 "The style in which the books are got up is not their only recommendation. 
 With thorough instruction on the part of the teacher using these books as text-hooka, 
 I am confident a much more ample return for the time and labor bestowed by our 
 youth upon Latin must be secured. The time certainly has come when an advance 
 must be made upon the old methods of instruction. I am plad to have a work that 
 j romises so many advantages as Arnold's First aad Second Latin Book to begin." 
 
 From C. M. Blakf, Classical Teacher, Philadelphia. 
 
 u I am much pleased with Arnold's Latin Books. A class of my older boys have 
 •ist finished the First and Second Book. Tl.ey had studied Latin for a longtime 
 efore, but never understood it, they say, as t hey do now." 
 
Spanish Grammars, 
 
 Ollendorff's Spanish Grammar: 
 
 A New Method of Learning- to Eead, Write, and Speak the Spanish Lan- 
 guagk ; with Practical Rules for Spanish Pronunciation, akd Models of 
 Social and Commercial Correspondence. 
 
 BY M. VELAZQUEZ AND T. T. SIMONNE. 
 
 12mo. 560 pages. Price $1 — KEY to the Same. Separate vol. Price 75e. 
 
 The admirable system introduced by Ollendorff is applied in this 
 volume to the Spanish language. Having received, from the two 
 distinguished editors to whom its supervision was intrusted, cor- 
 rections, emendations, and additions, which specially adapt it to the 
 youth of this country, it is believed to embrace every possible ad- 
 vantage for imparting a thorough and practical knowledge of Spanish. 
 A course of systematic grammar underlies the whole ; but its de- 
 velopment is so gradual and inductive as not to weary the learner. 
 Numerous examples of regular and irregular verbs are presented : 
 and nothing that can expedite the pupil's progress, in the way of 
 explanation and illustration, is omitted. 
 
 Grammar of the Spanish Language ; 
 
 With a History of the Language and Practical Exercises. 
 
 BY M. SCHELE DE VERE. 
 
 12mo. 273 pages. Price $1. 
 
 In this volume are embodied the results of many years experi- 
 ence on the part of the author, as Professor of Spanish in the Uni- 
 versity of Virginia. It aims to impart a critical knowledge of the 
 language by a systematic course of grammar, illustrated with 
 appropriate exercises. The author has availed himself of the labors 
 c f recent grammarians and critics ; and by condensing his rules and 
 principles and rejecting a burdensome superfluity of detail, he has 
 brought the whole within comparatively small compass. By pur- 
 suing this simple course, the language may be easily and quickly 
 mastered, not only for conversational purposes, but for reading it 
 fluently and writing it with elegance. 
 
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