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NAMES OF THE PERSONS 
 
 WHO 
 
 TOOK THE OATH OF ALLEGIANCE 
 
 TO THE COLONIES. 
 
 1778 TO 1787. 
 
^ iilijijji I 
 
 .^ 
 
 Rev. Casper Schaeffer, M. D. 
 
Memoirs and Reminiscences 
 
 together with 
 
 Sketches of the Early History 
 
 Sussex County, New Jersey 
 
 St/ Rev. Casper Schaeffer, M. D. 
 
 With Notes and Genealogical Record of the 5chaeffer, 
 Shaver or 5hafer Family 
 
 Compiled b^ 
 WILLIAAl Wl. JOHNSON 
 
 Privately Printed 
 
 Hackensacti, N. J. 
 1 9 O 7 
 
if!. 
 
 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY COPIES PRINTED 
 
 Gift 
 
TABLE. OF CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 Introduction -_-______ ^ 
 
 Public Services of Casper Schaeffer _ _ _ y 
 
 Will of Casper Shaver ------- 17 
 
 Rev. Casper Schaeffer, M. D. - - - - - 20 
 
 Memoirs and Reminiscences ------ 23 
 
 Biographical Notices --__-__ ^7 
 
 Nathan Armstrong --------109 
 
 Captain Alexander C. Shaffer - - - - - iii 
 
 Helen A. Shafer --------- 124 
 
 General Aaron Hankinson ------ 126 
 
 The .Old Grave Yard -------130 
 
 Genealogical Record ------- 1-53 
 
 Genealogical Index ------- j^-^ 
 
 General Index --------- jgi 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 ^ Rev. Casper Schaeffer, M. D. 
 
 - Tombstones of Casper Schaeffer and Johan Peter 
 Bernhard 
 
 * The Shafer Homestead 
 
 ^ The Stone Mill (1844) 
 
 ■' Windemuth's Homestead, now Bonnie Brook 
 
 ^ Yellow Frame Church 
 
 -' Old Grave Yard at Stillwater 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The accompanying historical sketch was prepared in 
 1855 by the Rev. Casper Schaeffer, M. D., of Phila- 
 delphia, who was a grandson of Casper Schaeffer, one of 
 the founders of Stillwater, Sussex County, New Jersey. 
 It contains an interesting and authentic account of people, 
 events and customs of a hundred years ago, and seems 
 
 COMPLIMENTS OF 
 
 WILLIAM M. JOHNSON 
 
 who may like to have this record in a permanent and 
 accessible form. The original manuscript is in the 
 possession of his nephew, John S. Schaeffer, who in a 
 letter on the subject says : "When driving Uncle Doctor 
 over the hills of Old Sussex in quest of data and infor- 
 mation, I promised him I would spell my name in the old 
 German way, as he did. He also gave me the book, which 
 was sent to me, and of which I have been very choice. It 
 has been lent a number of times and is somewhat soiled 
 from long absence from home." 
 
 In preparing this manuscript for publication I have 
 thought its value would be enhanced by addmg some 
 historical notes, and especially by amplifying Casper 
 Schaeffer's public record, which is rather lightly touched 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The accompanying historical sketch was prepared in 
 1855 by the Rev. Casper Schaeffer, M. D., of Phila- 
 delphia, who was a grandson of Casper Schaeffer, one of 
 the founders of Stillwater, Sussex County, New Jersey. 
 It contains an interesting and authentic account of people, 
 events and customs of a hundred years ago, and seems 
 well worthy of preservation. Local historians have often 
 made use of the manuscript copy, and extracts therefrom 
 have been freely published, but it has never before been 
 printed as a whole. As one of the descendants of Casper 
 Schaeffer, the Pioneer, through my father's maternal line, 
 I have found the story as told by Dr. Schaeffer an 
 entertaining one, and have ventured to put it in print for 
 my own satisfaction, and for the benefit of any of the 
 numerous other descendants of our common ancestor, 
 who may like to have this record in a permanent and 
 accessible form. The original manuscript is in the 
 possession of his nephew, John S. Schaeffer, who in a 
 letter on the subject says : "When driving Uncle Doctor 
 over the hills of Old Sussex in quest of data and infor- 
 mation, I promised him I would spell my name in the old 
 German way, as he did. He also gave me the book, which 
 was sent to me, and of which I have been very choice. It 
 has been lent a number of times and is somewhat soiled 
 from long absence from home." 
 
 In preparing this manuscript for publication I have 
 thought its value would be enhanced by addmg some 
 historical notes, and especially by amplifying Casper 
 Schaeffer's public record, which is rather lightly touched 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Upon by his grandson. I have also added a Hst of his 
 descendants, in compiling which free use has been made 
 of the interesting and valuable "Genealogical Record of 
 the Descendants of Nathan Armstrong," published in 
 1895, by William Clinton Armstrong, A. M. I am in- 
 debted to Mr. Armstrong not only for permission to use 
 the contents of his book, but also for valuable suggestions 
 and assistance, and to my sister. Miss Laura C. Johnson, 
 for her help in compiling the genealogical record. Wil- 
 liam Nelson, Esq. has kindly read the proofs, and has 
 rendered important aid in preparing the manuscript for 
 the press. I desire to acknowledge my obligation to him 
 and to others who have responded to my request for 
 information. 
 
 A word as to the spelling of the family name may not 
 be inappropriate. Dr. Schaeffer, in the "Reminiscences," 
 advocates the use of the spelling, "Schaeffer," which 
 he had adopted. An examination of the records of a 
 great number of deeds, wills and other documents shows 
 that this spelling was discarded in the life time of his 
 grandfather, whose name was usually written Shaver. 
 The name has been spelled variously Schaeffer, Schaffer, 
 Shaffer, Shaffar, Shaver, Shafer. I have examined the 
 will of the Pioneer on file in the Prerogative Court at 
 Trenton. It is impossible to decipher the signature, 
 which is that of a very infirm man. In the body of the 
 will the name is written Shaver. His sons gradually 
 assumed the spelling Shafer, although they frequently 
 wrote the name Shaver. Most of his descendants of that 
 name now write it Shafer. 
 
 William M. Johnson. 
 Hackensack, N. J., 1907. 
 
THE PUBLIC SERVICES 
 
 OF 
 
 CASPER SCHAEFFER 
 
CASPER SCHAEFFER: 
 
 A Pioneer and Revolutionary Patriot 
 of Sussex County, N. J. 
 
 His Public Services. 
 By WILLIAM M. JOHNSON. 
 
 The early part of the Eighteenth Century witnessed a 
 remarkable immigration of Germans to this country. The 
 condition of Germany at this time was deplorable. In- 
 numerable small principalities, with unstable governments, 
 were the scenes of discontent and oppression, where life 
 and property were subject to heavy burdens. Wars and 
 revolutions prevailed, burdensome taxes and oppressive 
 personal services were exacted from the people. Vast 
 numbers left their homes to endure the hardships of a long 
 and weary voyage to seek a new home in strange lands 
 across the Atlantic. Ship after ship sailed up the Dela- 
 ware from over the seas. It is estimated that from the 
 year 1700 to 1725, over 50,000 Germans reached Pennsyl- 
 vania, to enrich that province with a people of industry 
 and integrity, most of them thrifty and frugal, and many 
 bringing with them considerable wealth with which to 
 establish themselves in the new world. 
 
 Among these there came Casper Schaeffer, who 
 emigrated from the Palatinate. He is supposed to have 
 come over in the ship "Queen Elizabeth," Alexander 
 Hope, Master, from Rotterdam, last from Deal, England, 
 
lO PUBLIC SERVICES OF CASPER SCHAEFFER. 
 
 arriving Sept. i6, 1738, at Philadelphia, where he 
 remained for two or three years. About 1741 or 1742 
 he went to the present site of Stillwater, then in the 
 wilderness, and became an extensive landed proprietor. 
 Here he set up a home, cutting off the forests and 
 subduing the cleared land to the plow. He erected a 
 grist-mill and saw-mill, and established other industries, 
 built up a trade with distant points, and became an influ- 
 ential and prosperous member of the community which he 
 had founded. The "Reminiscences" of Dr. Schaeffer set 
 out in vivid detail the struggles, hardships, and dangers 
 from the savages, attendant on the life of a pioneer in a 
 new and unsettled country. It presents to our view a 
 panorama of the social customs and personal characteris- 
 tics of the people of that day and neighborhood 
 
 His grandson, however, in these "Reminiscences" says 
 but little of the public life of Casper Schaeffer, the subject 
 of this sketch; but there is abundant evidence of the 
 important and active part he took in public affairs in the 
 struggle for American liberty. He was an ardent patriot, 
 and stood high in the estimation of his neighbors. We 
 find that in 1775 he was a member of the County Com- 
 mittee of Safety for Sussex County, and at a meeting held 
 at the Court House, Newton, August 10 and 11, he 
 attended as a delegate from Hardwick Township. At this 
 meeting means were taken to raise by tax the County's 
 quota of 10,000 pounds,! ordered by the Provincial Con- 
 gress of New Jersey for the purpose of raising money to 
 "purchase arms and ammunition and for other exigencies 
 of the Province." Casper Schaeffer (or Shaver, as his 
 name was now written), was appointed Collector of the 
 * $25,000. 
 
PUBLIC SERVICES OF CASPER SCHAEFFER. 1 I 
 
 County to take charge of the funds to be raised under the 
 authority of the Committee of Safety. Much other busi- 
 ness pertaining to the cause was transacted at this meet- 
 ing, the minutes of which show that the delegates were 
 filled with an ardent patriotism and an earnest purpose to 
 uphold the cause of the Continental Congress. Nor were 
 Mr. Schaeffer's public services limited in their activity to 
 the County of Sussex. He was a delegate from that 
 county to the Provincial Congress of 1776, the most im- 
 portant of all of New Jersey's Provincial Congresses and 
 took his seat for the first time at the session begun at 
 Burlmgton, June 10, 1776. In this Congress the govern- 
 ment of the Colony was virtually lodged. It enacted laws 
 m the name of the Colony, and on the second of July 
 adopted a state constitution, and afterwards assumed the 
 title of the ''Convention of the State of New Jersey." 
 Having deposed the Royal governor, it created a free and 
 independent commonwealth. On June 22, 1776, it elected 
 as delegates to the Continental Congress Richard Stock- 
 ton, Abraham Clark, John Hart, Francis Hopkinson and 
 John Witherspoon, who afterwards became signers of the 
 Declaration of Independence, in pursuance of the follow- 
 ing instructions : 
 
 "The Congress empower and direct you, in the name of 
 this Colony, to join with the Delegates of the other 
 Colonies in Continental Congress, in the most vigorous 
 measures for supporting the just rights and liberties of 
 America. And, if you shall judge it necessary and ex- 
 pedient for this purpose, we empower you to join with 
 them in declaring the United Colonies independent of 
 Great Britain, entering into a confederacy for union and 
 common defence, making treaties with foreign nations 
 
12 PUBLIC SERVICES OF CASPER SCHAEFFER. 
 
 for commerce and assistance, and to take such other 
 measures as to them and you may appear necessary for 
 these great ends, promising- to support them with the 
 whole force of this Province; always observing that, 
 whatever plan of confederacy you enter into, the regu- 
 lating the internal police of this Province is to be reserved 
 to the Colony Legislature." 
 
 On July 2, 1776, after careful discussion of the draught 
 of the Constitution of the new State, it was finally 
 adopted, and continued to be the fundamental law of the 
 State of New Jersey until superseded by the constitution 
 of 1844. On July 17, 1776, the following resolution was 
 passed : "Whereas, the Honourable Continental Congress 
 have declared the United Colonies, Free and Independent 
 States; We, the Deputies of New Jersey, in Provincial 
 Congress assembled, do resolve and declare. That we 
 will support the freedom and independence of the said 
 States with our lives and fortunes, and with the whole 
 force of New Jersey." This Provincial Congress sat for 
 many months, and besides adopting a constitution for the 
 government of the new State, enacted laws, organized the 
 militia, considered a vast number of questions designed to 
 promote the general welfare, and assumed all the powers 
 of the State. It has been said of this Congress: "from its 
 first meeting upon the 23rd of May, 1775, until its 
 dissolution, a period of fifteen months, this remarkable 
 assemblage of remarkable men had passed Ihrough a 
 complete metamorphosis. Designed as an advisory body, 
 it burst through its limitations, became declaratory, then 
 directory, and finally tentatively assumed all govern- 
 mental functions. For a few brief months in 1776, it was 
 the Legislature, the courts and the executive of the State; 
 
PUBLIC SERVICES OF CASPER SCHAEFFER. 1 3 
 
 its power was supreme, its ordinances the final expression 
 of the will of the people. In its hands were life and death; 
 in its meetings at New Brunswick, Trenton and Burling- 
 ton, it wove the fabric of the State Constitution, gave 
 vigor to the first breathings of a national life, and shaped 
 more than any other representative body of Jerseymen the 
 destinies of the State."^ As one of this remarkable body, 
 Casper Schaeffer bore his full part in the arduous duties 
 devolving upon them. 
 
 Within a few days after the dissolution of this Provin- 
 cial Congress, the first Legislature of New Jersey met, on 
 August 27, 1776, at Princeton. Casper Shaver, Thomas 
 Peterson and Abia Brown were members of Assembly 
 from Sussex County. They took their seats on the 
 thirtieth day of August, in the Assembly held in the 
 College library. Casper Shaver also sat in the Assembly 
 in 1777, 1778 and 1779. An examination of the minutes 
 of these legislative sessions shows that he was faithful in 
 his attendance at the various meetings at Princeton, 
 Trenton, Burlington and Haddonfield. His vote is 
 recorded on almost every question, and always in favor 
 of the most vigorous and aggressive measures for carry- 
 ing on the war. New Jersey at this time was overrun by 
 the British army, and the Provincial Congress, and after- 
 wards the legislative bodies, found it convenient and 
 conducive to their safety to make frequent changes in 
 their places of meeting. Hence we find them now at 
 Princeton, then at Trenton or Burlington, and later on at 
 Haddonfield. In view of the difficulties of travel in those 
 days, over wretched roads, with but scanty public accom- 
 modations, it was no small task for the delegates from 
 ^"New Jersey as a Colony and as a State," Lee, vol. 2, p. 119. 
 
14 PUBLIC SERVICES OF CASPER SCHAEFFER. 
 
 Sussex to attend these sessions. Their service involved 
 absences of many months from home and business while 
 engaged in the work of legislating for the common good. 
 The records show that from August, 1776, to October, 
 1779, which covers the period of Mr. Schaeffer's public 
 service, he was in attendance at the Congress and Legis- 
 lature at least fifteen months in the aggregate. The pay 
 of a member was eight shillings per day, too insignificant 
 to tempt a prosperous man of afifairs to spend much time 
 far away from home. Nothing but an ardent patriotism 
 would justify the sacrifices involved in this service. He 
 was a member of the Legislature which sat in the old 
 Tavern at Haddonfield, now maintained by the State of 
 New Jersey, on which there is a tablet erected by the 
 Daughters of the American Revolution, bearing this 
 inscription : 
 
 WITHIN THIS BUILDING THEN A 
 TAVERN-HOUSE, THE COUNCIL OF 
 SAFETY FOR NEW JERSEY WAS 
 ORGANIZED MARCH i8tH, 1777- 
 HEREIN ALSO, IN SEPTEMBER OF 
 THE SAME YEAR THE LEGISLA- 
 TURE UNANIMOUSLY RESOLVED 
 THAT THEREAFTER THE WORD 
 "state" should be SUBSTITUTED 
 FOR "colony" in all PUBLIC 
 WRITS and COMMISSIONS. 
 1750. * 1900. 
 
 Tradition says that though a man of few words his 
 sturdy honesty and good sense commanded the respect of 
 his associates and made him influential and successful in 
 
PUBLIC SERVICES OF CASPER SCHAEFFER. 1 5 
 
 his legislative work. His patriotism and the earnest 
 devotion of himself and family to the American cause are 
 shown by the fact that while he was diligently serving 
 the Colony and State as a representative in the Provincial 
 Congress and afterwards in the General Assembly, his 
 three sons were serving in the military forces of the state : 
 Peter, the eldest, as an officer throughout the Revolu- 
 tionary War, Abraham shouldering a musket and march- 
 ing to Morristown in aid of Washington, and Isaac, a 
 mere boy, taking an important command as captain and 
 conductor of a team brigade. 
 
 The public services and private activities of Casper 
 Schaeffer mark him as a man of more than ordinary 
 distinction. These "Reminiscences" tell the story of his 
 energy and enterprise in opening and developing the 
 resources of a new country. They show the busy and 
 successful man of affairs establishing industries and 
 building up a flourishing trade with distant points. It is 
 clear from the narrative that our pioneer was a man of 
 unusual endowment and force of character. Governed 
 by strong religious convictions, his influence was most 
 salutary and left a powerful impress on his family and on 
 the community in which he dwelt. He presents an 
 inspiring example of lofty patriotism, of civic virtue, of 
 earnest, useful and successful activities, inspired and 
 regulated by the principles of religion. His will, which 
 was made during his last sickness, illustrates his public 
 spirit by the bequests therein for charitable and pious 
 uses, for the benefit of the church and school house; such 
 bequests being less common in those days than in modern 
 times. He and his wife are buried in the old graveyard 
 at Stillwater, near the graves of his father-in-law, Johan 
 
l6 PUBLIC SERVICES OF CASPER SCHAEFFER. 
 
 Peter Bernhardt, and his family. The following inscrip- 
 tion appears upon his headstone : 
 
 C S. 
 
 In memory of 
 
 Casper Shaver, who 
 
 departed this life Dec. 
 
 the 7th, 1784, in the 72 
 
 year of his age. 
 
02 
 
WILL OF CASPER SHAVER. 
 
 In the name of God, Amen, I, Casper Shaver, of Upper Hardwick, 
 in the county of Sussex, in the Province of New Jersey, Yeoman, 
 being sick and in a low state of health but of perfect understanding, 
 mind and memory, and considering the uncertain continuance of my 
 life and the many dangers and accidents it is liable to. and being 
 desirous to leave the small estate which God has been pleased to 
 bless me with, in my family with as much peace and union as may 
 be, and that I may have no cares of this world to entangle me at my 
 going out of it, I do make this my last will and testament in manner 
 as followeth, viz : and first, I resign my soul to the most Merciful 
 God that made it in hopes thro' the alone merits of my blessed 
 Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ to have a joyful resurrection to life 
 eternal in heaven. And my body I commit to the grave to be 
 decently buried at the discretion of my executors hereinafter named. 
 And as for my temporal goods 1 give, devise and dispose of as 
 follows. 
 
 First. I give unto my beloved wife Catherine her choice of any 
 two rooms on the lower floor in the house where I now live. Also 
 the choice of two rooms above, and as much beds and bedding and 
 household furniture as she shall think necessary for her use. Also 
 one riding horse or mare, side saddle, and two cows and to be kept 
 on the place she now lives on at the expense of said place as they 
 keep their own. It is my will and order that my loving wife have 
 also after my decease the privileges of the orchards to use as much 
 apples as she stands in need of at her discretion. And my son or 
 sons to make her as much cider as she wants for her own use. and 
 as much of the garden as sKe"^all think necessary. 
 
 I also order my said three sons Peter, Abraham and Isaac to pay 
 out of my estate each of them annually, yearly and every year, the 
 sum of twelve pounds in gold or silver during her widowhood or 
 bearing my name, or if she should see cause to alter her condition 
 after my decease she must be denied all the aforesaid privileges. 
 But in case my said widow should see cause to alter her condition 
 and marry I do order she be paid yearly and every year, four pounds 
 money as aforesaid a piece by my three sons for her support during 
 her life.^ And to have one bed and furniture sufficient for said bed 
 and cupboard, one chest of drawers and kitchen furniture, and at 
 her decease all the aforesaid chests and furniture to return to my 
 aforesaid three sons. 
 
 I give and bequeath unto my daughter Margaret A. Roy a certain 
 tract of land lying on the South side of the Road leading from 
 Sussex Court House to East Town purchased from John Corson 
 containing one hundred and sixty-eis?ht acres. 
 
 I also order my three sons, Peter, Abraham and Isaac to pay unto 
 my aforesaid daughter Margaret after my decease, the sum of Fifty- 
 
 1 That is, $10 by each, or $30 in all. 
 
 [2 
 
1 8 WILL OF CASPER SHAVER. 
 
 seven pounds within one year after my decease to be equally paid by 
 them that is to say, nineteen pounds apiece money as aforesaid. It 
 is my will that my executors pay out of my estate in the first place 
 the several sums of money or legacies respectivelv, that as follows 
 to my son Abraham's son Casper, the sum of Twenty pounds in 
 gold or silver. Also the sum of Forty pounds money aforesaid unto 
 Mary Caroline Roy. Also twenty pounds money as aforesaid unto 
 Catrin Shaver daughter of my son Peter Shaver money as aforesaid. 
 Also twenty pounds to Mary Shaver daughter of Abraham Shaver 
 money as aforesaid. All which said sums I order to be paid to those 
 my grand-children by my executors when they come of age. It is 
 also my will that if any of said children should die before they come 
 of age' their part of said legacies be equally divided amongst my 
 heirs. 
 
 I do also give and bequeath for a charitable and pious use the 
 sums of money as followeth : 
 
 Fourteen pounds'* I give and bequeath unto the Dutch Meeting 
 House to be on interest, and said interest annually to repair the 
 breaches of the aforesaid house. It is also my desire that the frame 
 school house built near the aforesaid Dutch Meeting House for the 
 use of both Dutch and English learning be finished by the aforesaid 
 estate and assistance of the neighbors. Said money for said houses 
 to be paid out of my moveable estate and said school house to be 
 kept in repair by said estate twenty-five years, accidents of fire ex- 
 cepted. 
 
 It is my will and order that after my decease the remainder of my 
 real estate consisting of both lands and mills be equally divided 
 amongst my three sons Peter, Abraham and Isaac, according to 
 quantity and quality as they can agree when all debts and lawful 
 demands are discharged according to this my last will and testa- 
 ment, to them and their heirs forever. 
 
 It is also my will and order that my moveable estate be equally 
 divided between my son Peter, Abraham, Isaac and my daughter 
 Margaret to them and their heirs forever. 
 
 Lastly I make, constitute and appoint my three sons Peter, 
 Abraham and Isaac, Executors of this my last will and testament. 
 
 In Witness Whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 
 nineteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord one thousand 
 seven hundred and eighty-four. 
 
 CASPER SHAVER. (L. S.) 
 
 Signed, Sealed, Published and Declared by the Testator to be his 
 Last Will and Testament in the presence of us who have in the 
 Testator's presence and at his request hereunto set our names. 
 
 Isaac Pettit, 
 
 Thomas Hunt, 
 
 Wm. Hankinson. 
 
 N. B. The riding horse or mare and cows within mentioned it is 
 my will my wife shall have during her life. 
 
 2 That is. $35. 
 
WILL OF CASPER SHAVER, 1 9 
 
 Thomas Hunt and William Hankinson two of the witnesses to 
 the foregoing will being duly sworn according to law did severally 
 depose and say that they saw Casper Shaver the Testator therein 
 named sign and seal the same and heard him publish, pronounce and 
 declare the foregoing writing to be his last will and testament; and 
 that at the doing thereof the said testator was of sound and dis- 
 posing mind and memory as far as these deponents know and as 
 they verily believe and that Isaac Pettit the other subscribing witness 
 was present at the same time and signed his name as a witness to the 
 said will together with these deponents in the presence of the said 
 Testator. 
 
 Wm. Hankinson. 
 
 Sworn at Newton the 6th December, 1786, before me. 
 
 Thomas Anderson, Surrogate. 
 
 The foregoing Will being proved Probate was granted by His 
 Excellency William Livingston Esqr. unto Peter B. Shaver, Abra- 
 ham Shaver, Isaac Shaver, Executors in the said will named they 
 being first duly sworn well and truly to perform the same, exhibit 
 a true and perfect inventory and render a just and true account 
 when thereunto lawfully required. Given under the Prerogative Seal 
 the day and year above said. 
 
 BowES Reed, Regr. 
 
 Recorded in Liber 28 of Wills, page 460. 
 
REV. CASPER SCHAEFFER, M. D. 
 
 Casper Schaeffer, the son of Col. Abraham and Sarah 
 (Armstrong) Shafer, was born at Stillwater, N. J., June 
 lo, 1784. His boyhood was spent at Stillwater, attending 
 the school in the neighborhood. He subsequently went 
 to the famous classical school of Rev. Dr. Finley at 
 Baskingridge. In 1809 he was a student of medicine in 
 the University at Philadelphia. He commenced the 
 practice of his profession in that city, and it is said built 
 up quite an extensive practice. His first marriage was on 
 May 17, 1 8 10, with Clarissa Golden, who died in 18 16, 
 their children dying in infancy. In 1818 he married Mrs. 
 Sarah Hahn, by whom he had a number of children (see 
 Genealogical Record). His thoughts turning toward the 
 ministry we find that in 1823, at the age of thirty-nine, he 
 was a student in the Theological Seminary at Princeton, 
 where he spent one year. He was licensed to preach by 
 the Presbytery of Philadelphia, April 23, 1824, and was 
 dismissed to the Classis of Philadelphia (German 
 Reformed), April 17, 1827. There is no record of his 
 ever having been installed as pastor, but he continued to 
 preach until owing to an affection of the throat he was 
 compelled to give up clerical labors, and resumed the 
 work of a practicing physician. He, however, failed to 
 regain as extensive a practice as he had enjoyed before 
 entering the Seminary. At the time of his death he was 
 a member and officer of the First German Reformed 
 Church of Philadelphia, and late in life preached there 
 occasionally in the absence of the pastor. His scholarly 
 attainments are shown by the fact that he taught his two 
 younger daughters Hebrew when they were quite young. 
 
REV. CASPER SCHAEFFER, M. D. 21 
 
 He frequently visited Stillwater, for which he always 
 maintained the liveliest interest and affection. In the 
 latter years of his life he spent considerable time collect- 
 ing data for the Reminiscences of the Schaeffer Family, 
 which he completed in 1855. His nephew, John S. 
 Schaeffer, states : 
 
 "It was the custom of my uncle to visit my father, who 
 owned the house, farm and mill jointly with my uncle 
 Finley. This land was a portion of the original tract 
 purchased from the London Company, whose charter was 
 given by King George of England. During these visits 
 he was always seeking information about his ancestors, 
 and looking for relics, one of which was the old German 
 Bible, which he finally traced to a German family by the 
 name of Krouse. The Bible afterwards went into the 
 hands of Halstead Shafer. In personal matters he was 
 very precise in his manner and neat in dress. It was the 
 custom to have all gathered in the parlor, after breakfast, 
 for morning prayers ; and before kneeling, it was his habit 
 to spread his colored silk handkerchief on the floor to 
 kneel upon. His neck-wear was a three-cornered silk 
 handkerchief on a stock, which was worn in those days. 
 He was extremely fond of fruit, and particularly of purple 
 raspberries, of which there was an abundance. In stature 
 he was tall and very erect. He had very thin hair, and 
 was of ministerial appearance, very reserved and precise 
 in his manner." 
 
 His death, which was sudden, was due to heart trouble, 
 and occurred Aug. 3, 1857. His grave is in the Laurel 
 Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia.^ 
 
 ^ I am indebted to E. Augustus Miller, Esq., of Philadelphia, for 
 the picture of Dr. Schaeffer, his grandfather. 
 
MEMOIRS and REMINISCENCES 
 
 OF MY ANCESTORS AND RELATIVES, 
 
 TOGETHER WITH SKETCHES OF THE EARLY 
 HISTORY OF MY NATIVE COUNTY. 
 
 By the REV. CASPER SCHAEFFER, M. D. 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 I have long been desirous of knowing more of the early 
 history of my ancestors than I am in possession of, con- 
 sequently I have for the last two or three years been 
 making anxious inquiry from every probable source of 
 information to obtain light on these interesting subjects. 
 But I find, much to my regret, that there are few persons 
 remaining who are able to add much to the small stock of 
 materials now in my possession. Almost all those who 
 could have given the desired information have passed ofif 
 the stage. 
 
 My parents, not deeming it of sufficient importance to 
 sit down and give a detail of historical facts and events, 
 and giddy youth not appreciating its value, neglected to 
 make the requisite records; hence I am left to my own 
 scanty resources, reminiscences of facts and anecdotes 
 incidentally gathered up from casual remarks and obser- 
 vations of my parents and others. These facts and 
 incidents thus obtained, and treasured up on the tablets of 
 memory, I now proceed to put upon record, and endeavor 
 thus to rescue them as interesting relics from oblivion, for 
 my own satisfaction as well as that of my friends and 
 relatives. 
 
 First, then, I shall begin with my paternal ancestry, as 
 being first in the order of time. 
 
 My great-grandfather, Johan Peter Bernhard, came 
 to this country, leaving Germany in 1730; coming by way 
 of London, and finding the season advanced and the 
 weather unpropitious, he tarried there for the winter, 
 during which time his youngest daughter was born. In 
 
26 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 the following year, 1731,^ he arrived with his wife and 
 three daughters in Philadelphia, and settled a few miles 
 from the city, near Germantown or Whitemarsh, and 
 engaged in agriculture and sending produce to the market. 
 How long he continued to reside in this situation is 
 uncertain — probably some ten years, after which he re- 
 moved with his family over into New Jersey, and settled 
 on the "Tehoenetcong" or Paulinskill, at or near the 
 present site of Stillwater, many years before the County 
 of Sussex was set off from that of Morris, of which it was 
 originally a part. In this vicinity, it seems, the old gentle- 
 man purchased three farms, one for each daughter. 
 Whether Mr. Bernhard or Grandfather Schaeffer first led 
 the way to Stillwater, or whether they came together, I 
 have no means of ascertaining. I am rather inclined to 
 think, however, that my grandfather came first, as will 
 appear more probable from what is to follow. There 
 seems to be some obscurity in the thread of their history 
 about this period. Here the old gentleman, after bestow- 
 ing his two eldest daughters in marriage, one to Grand- 
 father Schaeffer, the other to "Old Uncle Wintermute," 
 
 ^ Rupp, in his "Collection of upwards of 30,000 Names of German, 
 etc. Immigrants into Pennsylvania," gives the following entries, 
 inter alia: 
 
 Sept. 16, 1738. Palatines imported in the Ship "Queen Elizabeth," 
 Alexander Hope, Master, from Rotterdam, last from Deal, England, 
 in all 300, Casper Scheffer. 
 
 Sept. 3, 1739. Palatines imported in ship "Robert & Alice," Walter 
 Goodman, Commander, from Rotterdam, last from Deal, C.\sper 
 Shever. 
 
 Sept. 14, 1741. Palatines imported in the ship "St. Mark." Wilson, 
 Master, from Rotterdam, last from Cowes, Johan Peter Bern hart. 
 
 It will be observed that the date of Johan Peter Bernhart's migra- 
 tion to this country does not correspond with the date on his 
 tombstone, where it is given as 1731. The latter date was inscribed 
 after his death, how long no one knows, and doubtless from memory. 
 while Rupp's arrivals are arranged chronologically from the original 
 records, and would therefore seem more likely to be correct. 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 2/ 
 
 Spent the remainder of his days, closing- his life on the 
 28th of August, 1748, seventeen years after his arrival in 
 America. His body was the first one interred in the 
 German burial ground at Stillwater. I presume that my 
 grandfather did not arrive in this country (America) at 
 quite so early a period as Grandfather Bernhard, and that 
 probably an acquaintance existed between the parties in 
 Germany before coming to America. 
 
 The youngest daughter of Mr. Bernhard, about the 
 year 1760 married a gentleman by the name of Arrison, a 
 widower and a native of Holland, who by his two wives 
 was blessed with a numerous offspring — each one pre- 
 senting him with eight children. He in process of time 
 removed with his family to Shamokin near Sunbury, Pa., 
 from whence, after residing there a number of years, they 
 were driven away by the Indians in the time of the Revo- 
 lutionary War, and fled back to Sussex, losing nearly all 
 their property, both lands and effects. The old gentleman 
 did not long survive this catastrophe. I well remember 
 four of his children, who, it will be borne in mind, were 
 own cousins to my father : two sons and two daughters, 
 Jeptha and John, Polly and Susan. Jeptha lived and 
 raised a family in New Jersey, first residing near Still- 
 water many years; afterward some years at Flemington 
 in Hunterdon Co. ; at a later period of his life he removed 
 with his family to the state of Ohio, where he subse- 
 quently died. Some of his children are still residing on 
 his premises there and in the vicinity. Mr. Arrison was 
 a man of sterling piety and excellent character. He was 
 a mill-wright by trcde, but latterly pursued agriculture. 
 
 John at an early day followed his trade of blacksmith 
 at Stillwater; but subsequently, about the year 1793 or 4, 
 
2 8 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 he went to Philadelphia and engaged in the grocery 
 business in partnership with a man by the name of Fulton. 
 About the year 1795 or 6, he married a widow by the 
 name of Martha Graham, the daughter of a Mr. Fox of 
 Philadelphia, by whom he raised a family of children, 
 most of whom are still residing here. As to his religious 
 character, he at one period held rather skeptical views of 
 divine revelation. But subsequently, after having ex- 
 perienced a diversity of fortune and buffeting the adversi- 
 ties of life, he made a goodly profession of religion, and 
 closed his earthly pilgrimage in the hope of the Gospel. 
 He died Jan. 22nd, 1828, aged 62 years. 
 
 Mrs. Arrison survived her husband many years. She 
 enjoyed in her youthful days an intimate acquaintance 
 with the celebrated Mrs. Madison, who subsequently 
 became the wife of the late President Madison. Mrs. 
 Arrison died in 1837. in the 70th year of her age. Sukey 
 or Susanna Arrison at my earliest remembrance married 
 William Lauterman, who was my father's first miller at 
 Stillwater for many years. They afterwards removed to 
 what was the Redstone country, near Pittsburg. Polly, 
 who was, I believe, the oldest of the family, was a lady of 
 rather superior mental endowments, of fine tastes and 
 exemplary piety. She, at an age somewhat past the 
 bloom of life, married a respectable gentleman from 
 Ireland, by the name of Graham, who was one of my 
 school teachers in my youth. They afterwards removed 
 to Virginia, where they resided many years, and I think 
 ended their days. I had the pleasure of meeting in this 
 city a very intelligent elderly lady from Lancaster by the 
 name of Pancoast, who is the only child of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Graham, from whom I derived several important items 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 29 
 
 of the above information relating to her and my ancestry. 
 I have no means at hand of ascertaining the precise 
 time of my grandfather's arrival in this country. 
 •Whether he accompanied grandfather Bernhard, whether 
 he preceded him, or came shortly after his coming, there 
 is no absolute certainty. There is reason, however, to 
 suppose that not only he, but "Old Uncle Wintermute" 
 also came over in company with or shortly after his 
 arrival. Whether they were married to the old gentle- 
 man's daughters before coming to this country is also 
 uncertain. The strong presumption is, however, that the 
 parties were acquainted with each other while yet in 
 Germany. This fact is, I believe, well ascertained, viz : 
 that they all arrived in Philadelphia. I suppose my 
 grandfather was the first to go to New Jersey, as I have 
 understood from my father that while in Philadelphia he 
 purchased land in Stillwater, of a landed proprietor by the 
 name of Cowell, residing in Philadelphia. ^ He settled 
 
 * Perhaps the purchase was from Ebenezer Cowell, of Trenton, a 
 surveyor, and connected with the West Jersey Council of Pro- 
 prietors. 
 
 Casper Bernhardt Shafer of Washing-ton, D. C, has in his posses- 
 sion an original parchment deed dated May 23, 1763, made by the 
 Trustees of the Pennsylvania Land Company in London by their 
 attorneys in fact, to Caspar Shaffer of the Township of Hardwick, 
 County of Sussex, and Western Division of the Province of New 
 Jersey. The deed is recorded in the Secretary's office in Burlington 
 in Book X of Deeds, fol. 316, and conveys lands in the township of 
 Hardwick, the same having been sold at auction in the city of 
 Philadelphia, Oct. 23, 1761, to said Caspar Shaffer, and described as 
 follows : 
 
 Beginning at a black oak tree standing by a small run of water, 
 for a corner, thence along one of the outside lines of the whole tract 
 and by land of the said Caspar Shaffer south 66 degrees East, 65 
 chains to a white oak tree ; thence by the same South 49 degrees 
 West, 74 chains to a white oak tree ; thence by land of Jacob Dot- 
 terer South 28 degrees West, 66 chains to a heap of stones ; thence 
 by land of Adam Kunekle, North 25 degrees West, 83 chains and 50 
 links, to a black oak standing in one of the old lines ; thence by the 
 
30 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 down at Stillwater about the year 1741 or 42 in the 
 wilderness surrounded by the Indians. His first habita- 
 tion was a rude log cabin built at the foot of the hill, near 
 the brook, a few rods west of the present tannery, over 
 and around a large stump, which, being smoothed off on 
 the top, served as their first table. 
 
 His next object was to clear and prepare the land for 
 raising a crop of grain. The crop once secured, the next 
 thing was to devise means to prepare it for food, and to 
 this end he set about erecting a small mill on the Paulin- 
 skill. To create a water power, he threw a low dam of 
 cobble stones, filled in with gravel, across the stream. He 
 then proceeded to drive in the ground, at the west end of 
 the dam, piles, over which he erected his log mill super- 
 structure; and having water wheel, gearing and other 
 suitable appliances, and introducing his three-foot run of 
 stones, it was now ready for business. Its dimensions 
 being small, its execution was on a corresponding scale, 
 from three to five bushels being the ordinary quantity it 
 would grind in a day. Yet moderate as was this per- 
 formance, it answered the demands of the sparsely settled 
 country for many miles around. This was probably the 
 first mill erected in all the County of Sussex. I have 
 many times in my youth seen the remains of the piles on 
 which the old mill was built. 
 
 same North 64 degrees East, 43 chains to a white oak tree; thence 
 along the same North 36 degrees East, 46 chains to the place of 
 beginning. Containing 628 acres of land strict measure. 
 
 By a reference in a deed from Catharine Nixon to Abraham 
 Shaver, dated Dec. 27, 1784, recorded in the Sussex County Clerk's 
 office. Liber O of Deeds, page 46, it appears that John Reading and 
 Samuel Green conveyed to Casper Shaver by deed dated June 17, 
 1746, recorded in Book X of Deeds page 320 (Secretary's Office, 
 Burlington), a tract of 150 acres, adjoining Casper Shaver's mill dam 
 on the south side of the Kill. 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 3 I 
 
 About this time the old gentleman planted an apple 
 orchard on the low alluvial ground between his dwelling 
 and the kill, the trees in which grew to a majestic size, 
 some of them attaining to over three feet in diameter at 
 the butt. Another orchard was subsequently planted by 
 him on the higher ground at the rear of his dwelling. 
 After enlarging his clearance, and extending the culture 
 of his farm, the next object that engaged the attention of 
 my grandfather was the erection of a comparatively large 
 two storied stone mansion on the top of the hill at the foot 
 of which the first rude habitation was built. I suppose 
 the time when the stone house was built was a little before 
 the middle of the last century. The style of the building 
 was real German, of the old fashion ; a large entry or hall 
 on the left as you enter, a large stove room on the right, 
 with immense stack of chimneys in the center, with large 
 open fireplace in the entry. The stove room was originally 
 heated by a five-plate stove, walled into the back of the 
 large fireplace, the body of it projecting into the stove 
 room and its mouth opening into the entry fireplace, into 
 which the wood was put, and the fire kindled. Subse- 
 quently the room was heated by a ten-plate stove, with a 
 pipe leading into the chimney in a more modern style. I 
 recollect often in my youth to have seen his little 6 by 8 
 feet stove room, situated in the left hand corner of the 
 wide entry of the old stone mansion house. 
 
 About the year 1764 the second mill was built, on the 
 site of the present one, having a head race about a quarter 
 of a mile long, and twenty-five or thirty feet wide, by 
 which a greater fall and water power were obtained. 
 This mill, though not large, was a great advance upon the 
 former one, containing two run of stones, with bolts and 
 
32 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 other appurtenances, rendering it much more efficient and 
 better adapted to meet the wants of the more advanced 
 state of society. Connected with this estabhshment there 
 was also a sawmill and oil-mill. This grist mill was 
 rebuilt in 1796-97, upon a larger scale than its prede- 
 cessor; containing three run of stones, with machinery to 
 hoist the grain from the wagon up into the second and 
 third stories. 
 
 The operations of this mill I superintended for five 
 years, from 1798 to 1803, when I left home to attend the 
 grammar school of Rev. Dr. Finley at Baskingridge. 
 This last mill was burnt down a few years ago, in place 
 of which the present much improved one was speedily 
 erected. It is a matter of much interest to contemplate 
 the progress of improvement in point of convenience and 
 efficiency, between the old mill of 1764 and the present 
 one. In the former every bushel of grain must be borne 
 on the miller's shoulder up a heavy out-side flight of stairs 
 into the second story, and when manufactured must be 
 shouldered out again into the wagon or on the horse's 
 back; whereas in the present mill the grain is taken from 
 the wagon by machinery up into the second or third story, 
 where it is cleaned, conveyed into the hopper, ground, 
 elevated, again bolted, packed in barrels or sacks and slid 
 down into the wagon from the second story, and all this 
 with comparatively little manual labor. Also with the 
 same water power it can perform three times as much 
 work as the old mill, and that of a better quality. 
 
 At an early day, some time prior to the Revolution, and 
 before any mill-dams were erected on the Paulinskill, my 
 grandfather's attention was drawn to the navigation of 
 the same, and by careful explorations he became satisfied 
 
Stone Mill, erected 1844. 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 33 
 
 that during the spring freshets a boat of suitable size and 
 structure might be safely floated down the stream to the 
 Delaware river. Accordingly, having a boat of suitable 
 size and form constructed, he successfully navigated the 
 stream, carrying flour and other produce down to the 
 Philadelphia market, and in return receiving such goods 
 as the wants of the country in its primitive state seemed 
 to demand. Thus he commenced in a small way, increas- 
 ing gradually as the advanced civilization and growing 
 wants of the country seemed to call for. His operations 
 in this way were at this period necessarily small. 
 
 Subsequently, but yet at an early day, having learned 
 from the Indians of the existence of a town away far to 
 the south east, called by them Lispatone,i he journeyed in 
 that direction some fifty miles over the mountains and 
 through the almost trackless wilderness, until he finally 
 arrived at the veritable town, bearing the royal name of 
 "the good Queen Bess" of revered memory, where he 
 commenced trading in his small way. And thus he was 
 the pioneer in opening a profitable and important com- 
 mercial intercourse between the south eastern sea-board. 
 and that part of New Jersey, which has continued 
 mightily to increase and expand with the growing popu- 
 lation and civilization of the country, and is now as yet 
 only in its infancy. Commercial intercourse at that early 
 period, and for many years afterwards, was divided 
 between Philadelphia and New York, but latterly, for that 
 part of the country, it concentrates principally in the 
 latter city. 
 
 During the "Old French War" of 1754-5 the people of 
 
 ^ Elizabeth-Town. 
 [3 
 
34 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 the Colonies were very much annoyed, and their lives 
 often put in jeopardy, by the hostility of the savages, who, 
 being in league with the French, were induced to take up 
 arms against the Colonies. And no part of the land, 
 however obscure, escaped their cruel visitations. As a 
 precautionary measure in these circumstances, my grand- 
 father had his house surrounded with a stockade or 
 fortification of sufficient strength to resist the hostile 
 attacks of the Indians, into which the neighbors, upon any 
 threatening demonstration of the savage foe, would flee 
 for shelter and safety. 
 
 As an illustration of the trying scenes to w^hich they 
 were frequently exposed in those troublesome times, I 
 have heard my father relate the following anecdote, viz : 
 that on a certain night, when the savages showed an 
 unusually threatening aspect, yelling and whooping 
 around the house as if preparing for an immediate attack, 
 my grandfather, being at the time alone with his family, 
 fastened the house and started to run across the fields to 
 his brother-in-law Wintermute's to procure help, but 
 finding himself hotly pursued by one of the enemy, and 
 likely to be overtaken by his more fleet adversary, he 
 turned upon him, and being an athletic man, seized, threw 
 and with his garters tied the Indian hand and foot, leaving 
 him prostrate while he pursued his way and procured the 
 desired assistance. This state of alarm and distress con- 
 tinued until the cessation of hostilities between France 
 and England, which occurred some years later and was 
 ratified by the treaty of Paris, Nov. 3, 1762.^ 
 
 ^The preliminaries were signed November 3, 1762, as stated above. 
 The definitive treaty, known as the Peace of Paris, was concluded 
 February lo, 1763. 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 35 
 
 Another anecdote I have heard my father relate, going 
 to ilkistrate the same point, tho' I beheve the occurrence 
 took place in time of the Revolutionary War. It was as 
 follows : A Mr. Depew, a respectable gentleman living 
 near the Delaware River, on the other side of the Blue 
 Mountains, being assailed by a party of Indians who broke 
 into his house at midnight with murderous intent, and he 
 being aroused from his slumbers, seized his loaded gun 
 and leveled it at the foremost aggressor, who, realizing 
 his danger, uttered the peculiar Indian exclamation 
 "Ugh," dodged away and fled. So acted the next, and 
 another and another. And thus by his great prudence and 
 presence of mind, without firing his gun, he succeeded in 
 driving the whole gang from his dwelling, and saved him- 
 self and family from the tomahawk and scalping knife.^ 
 
 I would here remark that before any mill dams were 
 erected to obstruct their ascent, shad were caught in the 
 Paulinskill, their size exceeding those brought to the 
 Philadelphia market. The largest and fattest shad I ever 
 saw were caught in the Delaware river on the opposite 
 side of the mountain from Stillwater. The principal fish 
 now taken in the kill are pikes, chubs, catfish, suckers and 
 eels. 
 
 I suppose the first mills erected on the Paulinskill below 
 Stillwater, were those of my Uncle Peter B. ShaefTer at 
 Fall Mills, five miles lower down the stream, who com- 
 menced operations there about the close of the Revolu- 
 
 ^This incident is related by Benjamin B. Edsall, in his historical 
 address at the centennial anniversary of Sussex County, in 1853. 
 The speaker evidently had the use of Dr. Schaeffer's manuscript, 
 which he quotes almost literally. He, however, ascribes the Depew 
 occurrence to the period of the Indian incursion in 1755. As to this 
 invasion see N. J. Archives, VIII., Part II., passim ; XVI., 560-585 ; 
 
 XIX., 552-579. 
 
36 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 tionary War. The principal thing which drew my uncle's 
 attention to the place, was the excellent water-power, of 
 about ten-foot fall; otherwise, the locality as a place of 
 residence had few attractions. The place, to the eye of the 
 observer, presents a particularly wild and picturesque 
 aspect. The stream for two miles above and below is 
 flanked on either side by lofty precipitous hills, from two 
 to three hundred feet high. The mill, a large four- 
 storied frame building, containing three run of stone, is 
 jutted down close under the bluff of the hill, which rises 
 at an angle of more than 45 degrees, to an altitude of more 
 than one hundred feet. The large stone mansion perched 
 above the brow of the hill overlooks the mill and stream 
 below, no parapet wall or defence of any kind intervening 
 to prevent a frightful descent of horse and carriage, etc. 
 The great road which passes between the house and the 
 edge of the precipice leads you on with your vehicle in a 
 westwardly direction for about one or two hundred yards ; 
 you then make a short turn about to the left, descending 
 at pretty rapid grade easterly along the dug road until 
 you are landed at the bottom of the hill upon an area of 
 some extent, which, being excavated out of the bottom of 
 the hill, gradually slopes down to the edge of the mill 
 pond. A large thick stone wall on the north and east sides 
 of the area guards it from an avalanche of the hill. You 
 now, in continuing your course, turn a little to the right 
 and descend on the sloping plateau nearly to the brink of 
 the water. You then form a complete circle to the left 
 about, and taking a westwardly course in front of the grist 
 and sawmill, you strike into the lower road, which passes 
 the one by which you just descended the hill at an acute 
 angle leaving it to the right. And now, continuing on for 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 37 
 
 about two hundred yards down the stream along the foot 
 of the hill, you turn short to the left and pass over the 
 bridge that spans the kill. The appearance of this place in 
 its primitive, uncultivated state must have been singu- 
 larly wild and forbidding; and the undertaking and ac- 
 complishment of the work effected here proves that my 
 uncle possessed a more than ordinary degree of moral 
 courage, enterprise and perseverance, especially consider- 
 ing the state of the country at the time when the work was 
 executed. On a recent visit to the place, I was surprised 
 and pained to see how much the premises had suffered 
 for want of care, especially about the mill. The high 
 stone wall against the hill, for instance, had disappeared 
 entirely, not to speak of other marks of decay. 
 
 The Marksboro mill, also romantically situated, was 
 built at a somewhat later period by the late Hon. Mark 
 Thomson, who represented the district of Morris and 
 Sussex in the U. S. Congress for one or two terms during 
 the administration of Washington. ^ This mill is situated 
 about two miles up the stream from Fall Mills. 
 
 The late Judge Armstrong, about the year 1 790, erected 
 a forge on the Paulinskill about two miles below Fall 
 Mills for the purpose of making refined bar-iron from pig 
 metal. I suppose it to have been the first establishment of 
 
 ^The records of the Adjutant General's office, Trenton, show that 
 Mark Thomson was commissioned Lieutenant Colonel, First Regi- 
 ment, Sussex County, New Jersey Militia, July 22, 1775 ; Lieutenant 
 Colonel, Colonel Charles Stewart's Battalion of Minute-Men, 
 February 15, 1776; Colonel, First Regiment, Sussex County, New 
 Jersey Militia, July 10, 1776; Colonel, Battalion of Detached New 
 Jersey Militia, July 18, 1776; resigned, date unknown — during the 
 Revolutionary War. Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp, Staff 
 of Governor Richard Howell of New Jersey, June 10, 1793. Died, 
 Marksboro, Sussex County, New Jersey, December 14, 1803. 
 
 He was one of the five Representatives from New Jersey, in the 
 fourth and fifth Congresses, 1795-1799. 
 
38 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 the kind in the country. This concern, owing principally 
 to heavy transportation, was a very expensive one, he hav- 
 ing to cart his pig metal twelve or fifteen miles over the 
 mountain from Oxford furnace, and his charcoal several 
 miles over the hills in the vicinity of the Blue Mountains, 
 besides having to convey his manufactured iron to a 
 distant market. The forge was continued some 12 or 15 
 years, when it gave place to a grist mill erected by the 
 Judge upon the opposite side of the stream. The name 
 of the place is Paulina. 
 
 I will here just allude, in passing, to a geological 
 feature of the region around Stillwater. The valley of the 
 Paulinskill for miles above and below Stillwater, is of 
 limestone formation of a mile or more in width, bordered 
 on each side by a slatey soil, which on the side northward 
 extends to the Blue Mountains ; the country rising in that 
 direction hill above hill, attaining an altitude of several 
 hundred feet before it reaches the foot of the mountain. 
 The slatey soil in all that mountain district is intermixed 
 with an abundant supply of granite boulders and cobble 
 stones capable of being formed into solid and permanent 
 stone fence. Their decomposition also, which they 
 naturally undergo by ploughing and exposure to frost, 
 air and rain, produces good soil. This region, though 
 rugged, is capable by good husbandry of yielding 
 abundantly of the cereals, roots and fruits. The situa- 
 tion being elevated the fruit is less liable to be injured by 
 frost than in the low ground of Stillwater. On the 
 opposite side of the kill, the limestone deposits extend for 
 about three-quarters of a mile. Then commences the slate 
 region which stretches for several miles to another lime- 
 stone formation. Within about half a mile to the north- 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 39 
 
 west of Stillwater lies the Catfish Pond, in the midst of 
 surrounding- limestone hills, containing an inexhaustible 
 deposit of white shell marl, which in dry seasons is very- 
 accessible, and is well known as an invaluable fertilizer of 
 the soil. There is also a similar deposit in Esquire 
 Merckle's meadow half a mile to the southeast of Still- 
 water. 
 
 My grandfather and family in regard to politics were 
 all staunch Whigs, bearing their full share of toil through 
 the Revolutionary struggle.^ My father at one time, 
 shouldering his musket, marched with a company of 
 volunteers to Morristown at the call of Washington when 
 he lay encamped there with the American Army in the 
 winter of 1777. Continuing to cherish these patriotic 
 sentiments, and naturally leaning to the popular side, my 
 father and his brothers consequently sympathized with 
 the French Republicans in the early part of their struggle 
 for liberty. But, on the other hand, they cherished no 
 cordiality with and highly disapproved of the horrors 
 subsequently practised by the leaders in that mighty con- 
 
 ^ By the records of the Adjutant General's office, Trenton, it 
 appears that : 
 
 Peter Barnet Shaver was commissioned First Lieutenant, Cap- 
 tain Aaron Hankinson (ist) Company, Colonel Ephraim Martin's 
 Regiment, Sussex County, New Jersej' Militia, July 26, 1775 ; resi- 
 dence. Upper Hardwick Township, Sussex County, New Jersey; 
 Captain, Colonel Aaron Hankinson's Second Regiment, Sussex 
 County, New Jersey, Militia; commission issued May 16, 1777; 
 commanding company, capturing tories in Sussex County, April 6 
 to II, 1777; commanding company, attached to Colonel Sylvanus 
 Seeley's Battalion, Eastern Regiment, Morris County, New Jersey, 
 Militia, at Elizabeth, January 22 to February 25, 1778; commanding 
 company, along the Upper Delaware River, July 30 to October 14, 
 1778; on return to January, 1781, with remark "Present"; final 
 record unknown, — during the Revolutionary War. 
 
 Isaac Shaver was in commission as Captain and Conductor of 
 Team Brigade, Wagonmaster General's Department, New Jersey 
 without date, — during the Revolutionary War. 
 
40 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 vulsion. And when, about this time, and subsequently . 
 party Hues began to be drawn in this country, their inbred 
 and almost instinctive love of country inclined them to the 
 popular, rather than to the aristocratic side, and, of course, 
 to identify themselves with the democracy of the Jeffer- 
 sonian school. Their descendants, taking counsel of their 
 fathers and standing upon the same broad and patriotic 
 platform, took sides with the party opposed to the high- 
 handed measures and arbitrary acts of the Jackson 
 administration. In this relation to their country I trust 
 they will ever be found. 
 
 At the time of the organization of the militia system of 
 the United States by act of Congress during the Adminis- 
 tration of Washington, 1791 or 2, great military enthusi- 
 asm prevailed at that period in our part of the country. 
 That was the great hobby that engaged all hearts and 
 hands for the time. My uncle, Peter B. Schaeffer, bore 
 the commission of Major. Father raised and commanded 
 a volunteer troop of horse, which comprised most of the 
 elite of the young men of that part of the country. Uncle 
 Isaac raised and commanded a large company of militia; 
 and in order to have good music on parade, he procured 
 the services of Mr. Peter Belers, who had been a drum 
 major in the Revolutionary Army, residing at the time on 
 the other side of the Blue Mountains. He was the most 
 expert performer on the drum-head I ever witnessed. 
 Nothing could exceed the beauty of his motions perform- 
 ing some of his most difficult pieces, the buttons of his 
 drumsticks being confined in the meantime within the 
 compass oi a dollar. Cousin Joseph and myself and little 
 Archie caug'ht the inspiration and were placed under his 
 tuition. And commencing with the first rudiments of 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 4 1 
 
 "Daddy Mammy," etc., and engaging with ardor in our 
 new vocation, we at length attained some tolerable pro- 
 ficiency in this department of military music. The height 
 of our ambition then \vas to flourish in "Red Coats" and 
 lead the march of the regiment on parade days. 
 
 At the time of the Western expedition, in the fall of 
 1794, father and his troop of horse volunteered in the 
 service, and marched with the army to Fort Pitt to quell 
 the "Whiskey Boys." At Bedford, on their march, all 
 the field officers had the honor of an introduction to the 
 "Father of his Country," who there met them to review 
 the army, and give counsel to the officers. They were 
 three months engaged in this expedition, my father re- 
 turning home in December.^ 
 
 I suppose the first fulling-mill erected in this county 
 was that by the late Peter Wintermute, about half a mile 
 below Stillwater. The mill was driven by a large spring 
 issuing out of the hill at that place, being the embouchure 
 of a brook which, losing itself about a mile back in the 
 M^oods, makes its way through subterranean limestone 
 caverns and emerges at this place. 1 suppose the age of 
 
 'The records of the office of the Adjutant General, Trenton, show 
 that Abraham Shaver was commissioned Captain, commanding 
 Iroop, Second Squadron, Second Regiment, Cavalry, New Jersey 
 Detached Mihtia, in the Pennsylvania Insurrection, September ii, 
 1794, for three months; residence, Sussex Countv, New Jersey; 
 honorably discharged December 25, 1794. 
 
 Abraham Shaver, Jr., served as a Corporal, Captain Abraham 
 Shavers Troop of Light Dragoons (Sussex County). Second 
 Squadron, Second Regiment, Cavalry, Major Commandant William 
 Leddel, Brigadier General Anthony Walton White's Brigade of 
 Cavalry, New Jersey Detached Militia, Pennsylvania Insurrection of 
 1794; enrolled September 11, 1794. for three months; discharged 
 at Trenton, New Jersey, December 25, 1794,— expiration of service. 
 He was born Dec. 4, 1775, died August 8, 1824, buried at Yellow 
 Frame Grave Yard. 
 
42 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 this mill will date prior to the Revolution, as it was an old 
 establishment from my earliest remembrance. 
 
 I have no authentic information in regard to my grand- 
 father's ancestry. What immediate relations, or whether 
 he had any brothers and sisters, on this subject, to my 
 regret, I am entirely uninformed, neither do I know any- 
 thing of his history previous to his coming to this country, 
 except that he emigrated from the Palatinate, on or near 
 the river Rhine, one of the richest countries in Germany. 
 Coming as he did from a Protestant country and 
 community, his religious views and feelings were de- 
 cidedly of that cast, and being connected with the German 
 Reformed church of the Calvinistic school in his own 
 country, he very naturally took a leading part and was 
 prominent in the German Reformed congregation 
 worshiping at Stillwater.. But it seems he could not agree 
 in doctrinal views with the German ministers who 
 ordinarily supplied that pulpit; they inclining too much to 
 the low Arminian sentiment for his scriptural and Cal- 
 vinistic views of orthodoxy. Hence he found among the 
 Presbyterian ministers those of sentiments more congenial 
 to his own, which led him to fraternize more with them, 
 
 ^ In "The Wintermute Family History," by J. P. Wintermute, it is 
 stated that John George Windemuth, who became the brother-in- 
 law of Casper Schaeffer, through marriage with one of the daughters 
 of Johan Peter Bernhardt, built the old stone house at the foot of 
 the lane running east from the main road, at a point a short distance 
 south of the cemetery. On the southerly end of the house are 
 inscribed in the wall his initials, "J. G. W., 1755." This homestead 
 was devised to his youngest son John. The large stone house on the 
 road near the Big Spring was erected by the Emigrator's son Peter, 
 the date of which is indicated by an inscription on the north gable, 
 "1791." This property was purchased by the late Martin R. Dennis 
 of Newark, N. J., who named the place "Bonnie Brook." It was 
 near this point that the elder Windemuth built, in about the year 
 1770, what is supposed to be the first fulling mill in Sussex County. 
 
Peter "Windemuth's House, erected 1791, 
 noiv "Bonnie Brook." 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 43 
 
 and a special intimacy grew up between him and the Rev. 
 Ira Condit, the pious and very able pastor of the Hard- 
 wick church. These views and this course of the old 
 gentleman induced all his children to leave the German 
 and unite with the English Presbyterian church, though 
 he himself, I believe, continued in connection with the 
 German church to the close of his life. 
 
 The descendants of the old gentleman have almost all 
 continued in connection with the Presbyterian church to 
 the present day. The German Christians, though pos- 
 sessed of many excellent traits of character, are yet, 
 many of them, especially the foreign portion, too much 
 addicted to formalism and superstition, in illustration of 
 w^hich I will just relate a circumstance that occurred in 
 my grandfather's case. He, toward the close of his life, 
 becoming much attached to the Rev. Mr. Condit as above 
 intimated, requested him on his death bed to preach his 
 funeral sermon. But on the occasion, the Germans inter- 
 fered and would not allow the minister to enter the 
 church, he not being of their order; and lest peradventure 
 he might desecrate the place, he was compelled therefore 
 to address the people standing on the large flat stone in 
 front of the church. 
 
 My grandfather, Casper Schaeffer, died Dec. 7, 1784, 
 aged seventy-two years. My grandmother, Maria Catrina 
 Schaeffer, died Dec. i, 1794, in the seventy-third year of 
 her age. Uncle Peter B. Schaeffer died in April, 1799, 
 aged fifty-five. Aunt Margaretta Roy died June 5, 1815. 
 My father departed this life Jan. 11, 1820, in the sixty- 
 fourth year of his age.^ My mother. Sarah Schaeffer, 
 
 ^ Abraham Shaver's will, dated Dec. 29, 1819, makes the following 
 provision for his wife, viz : 
 
 Item 2. "I give and bequeath to my beloved wife Sarah Shaver 
 
44 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 died on the 14th day of August, 1827, in the sixty-seventh 
 year of her age. My sister Polly died in April, 1808, 
 aged twenty-seven years. Sister Elizabeth died Feb. 3, 
 1833, aged thirty years. 
 
 My grandfather^ was a man naturally of a strong mind, 
 of strict integrity, not lacking in sagacity, of great 
 industry and indomitable perseverance, guided in all his 
 actions by a principle of moral rectitude; a strict discip- 
 linarian, and rather intolerant of what he believed to be 
 wrong. This being his character, he would naturally 
 exert a controlling and salutary influence upon a rising 
 community, the result of which may be seen and felt to 
 the present day. It was said of the old gentleman when 
 a member of the State legislature, I think in the time of 
 the Revolutionary war, that though he seldom spoke 
 in the House, yet from the weight of his character 
 and sound judgment in matters and things, he exerted a 
 great influence in that body. Thus if at any time he per- 
 ceived things taking a wrong course in the House, not 
 agreeable to his views of propriety, he would rise in his 
 
 the use and possession of my mansion house and garden and the 
 furniture in the house and kitchen, such thereof as she may choose 
 to take, also such part of the fruit out of the orchard and other 
 fruit trees as she shall think necessary yearly and every year during 
 her life for her use and to have such part of the milch cows as she 
 chooses and her choice of the horses and riding chairs, also my black 
 girl Nance and my black boy Bob and her choice of one of mv little 
 black girls. Also it is my will and order that the horse and cows 
 of my wife be furnished with hay, grain and pasture necessary for 
 their keeping, likewise that she be furnished with firewood at the 
 door at the expense of my estate." His executors were his three 
 sons, Nathan A. Shaver, Peter B. Shaver and William A. Shaver. 
 He was member of Assembly, 1801-2-3. 
 
 1 On Feb. 24, 1764. an act was passed by the Provincial Coiincil to 
 naturalize George Windemuth (Wintermute) Gasper Shepperd (Casper 
 Schaeffer?) and others. Journal of the Governor and Council, N. J. 
 Archives, XVII. 365, 371. 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 45 
 
 seat and with characteristic energy exclaim in his German 
 way, "Das ist nicht recht, Das ist nicht recht," and in few 
 words explain his views of the matter, giving his reasons 
 therefor. The attention of the members would be 
 arrested, the current of proceedings changed, and in the 
 end probably an entirely different result ensue. 
 
 In this connection I will mention another circumstance 
 as indicative of the spirit of the age and the primitive 
 simplicity of manners then prevalent, and I mention it in 
 no spirit of disparagement, but as evincing that ardent 
 and self-denying patriotism that carried our forefathers 
 triumphantly through the Revolutionary struggle. The 
 case as related to me was as follows : Old Mr. Mac- 
 Collum, the father of the late Aaron MacCollum of 
 Hardwick, when delegate to the Assembly (the per diem 
 not then enabling the members to fare sumptuously every 
 day), would, whether from this cause or from motives of 
 sheer economy (for he was a strict conservative), pack his 
 wardrobe in a small bundle, his provisions in his wallet, 
 and thus accoutred, pack on his back and staff in hand, 
 would wend his pedestrian way to the seat of government, 
 and after attending to the legislative business of the state 
 would return home in the same style, and Cincinnatus- 
 like, resume the functions of his domicile. God be praised 
 for raising up a host of such choice spirits, whose patriotic 
 zeal shrank not from labor and sacrifice that they might 
 procure the inestimable blessings of civil and religious 
 liberty for themselves and their posterity. 
 
 The old stone church at Stillwater was erected, as I 
 suppose, about the middle of the last century. The 
 Lutherans and Reformed united their energies in con- 
 structing the same, and worshipped conjointly and alter- 
 
46 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 nately in the same building. The church was a plain, 
 four-square structure of moderate dimensions, situated on 
 the rising ground near the road, just within the enclosing 
 wall, on the north side of the grave yard. The interior 
 of the church had plain open seats with gallery. The 
 tub-shaped pulpit, raised upon a high pedestal, had this 
 peculiar antique appendage, viz : partly underneath and on 
 the opposite side of the pulpit-step a small closet of slatted 
 or wicker work into which the minister entered for a few 
 moments before ascending the pulpit. The old German 
 interest having declined through the inroads of death and 
 removals, the ground was occupied for a number of years 
 by the Dutch Reformed brethren. The old building was 
 demolished some years since, and in its stead a neat frame 
 church was erected at the head of the lane, owned and 
 occupied by an English Presbyterian congregation com- 
 posed partly of the descendants of the German population 
 and in part of new comers. The church, however, it is 
 much to be regretted, is not, nor has h been for many 
 years in a flourishing condition. ^ 
 
 I should, perhaps, have mentioned ere this, that my 
 grandmother Schaeffer had received an education some- 
 what above the ordinary standard of her day. She was 
 of refined taste and cultivated manners, as well as 
 exemplary piety. I have heard her tell a Mr. Runkle, a 
 gentleman on a visit from down Jersey, who was examin- 
 ing her old folio German Bible, that she had read it three 
 times through since her "old man's death," then ten years 
 
 ^The church was completed in 1771 and used until 1837, then 
 abandoned as being unsafe. In 1823, at a meeting of the congrega- 
 tion, it was voted to enter the Presbyterian denomination and place 
 the church under the care of the Newton Presbytery. 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 47 
 
 gone by; this being near the close of her life. The old 
 lady brought with her from Germany what was rare in 
 those days, many rich silk dresses, embroidery, jewelry 
 and trinkets, which were carefully preserved as keepsakes 
 during her life, carefully locked up in chest and casket. 
 But in the lapse of time and overturnings, these relics 
 have all unhappily become squandered. 
 
 That part of the country lying between the Paulinskill 
 and the Blue Mountains was settled originally by the 
 Germans principally, and how far they may have been 
 attracted thither by the previous location of my grand- 
 father and his friends in that vicinity, I am not able to 
 say. Most likely, however, it had some influence, as he 
 was a pioneer in those parts. Even before the Revolution 
 many of them were settled there, and in the time of that 
 great struggle, there was considerable accession to their 
 numbers, of a dozen or more Hessians who deserted from 
 a detachment of Burgoyne's captured army, on their way 
 through Sussex to a location assigned them as a place of 
 safety near Charlotteville in Virginia. All those Germans 
 settled and raised families in the neighborhood. Many of 
 their descendants still occupy the homes of their fathers. 
 Some have removed elsewhere; some north, some west, 
 to newer countries with a view to better their condition. 
 With the old German settlers gone the congregation 
 
 ^ The old German Bible is in the possession of Caspar Bernhardt 
 Shafer, of Washington, D. C. It contains the following inscription 
 on the first page : 
 
 "Casper Schaffer — his Bible, purchased in Philadelphia, Pa. It 
 cost two pounds and twelve shillings. In the year of Christ Anno 
 Domini, 1775." 
 
 It was printed at Basle, in 1767. Size 14J x 10 x 3 J inches. It has 
 wooden back covered with embossed parchment, protected by eight 
 brass corner pieces, and held closed by two brass clasps. It contains 
 a few family records, but they have faded out and are illegible. 
 
48 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 dwindled away and the ground is now occupied mainly by 
 the Methodist brethren, and this in a great measure 
 through the remissness of the Presbyterians. And from 
 the same cause the Methodists are taking possession of 
 most of the vacant ground, and even in some instances 
 encroaching upon the possessions of the former. It be- 
 hooves the Presbyterians, therefore, if they do not wish 
 to be outdone by their more active co-workers, to bestir 
 themselves. 
 
 In the lovely valley of Stillwater, which has greater 
 attractions for me than any other earthly locality, there 
 are four different levels presenting themselves to the eye. 
 First, the low meadow ground along the margin of the 
 kill ; then a space a few feet higher, of rich alluvial soil — 
 third, a table land about 20 ft. higher than the preceding, 
 comprising some hundred acres of most excellent, arable 
 land extending back to the lime-stone hills. Fourth : 
 There is still another plain more elevated than the former 
 by some 20 feet, called formerly "the old plain field," com- 
 prising many acres of good, arable land, extending also 
 to the limestone cobbles. This delightful valley being 
 nearly centrally situated in the old county of Sussex, was 
 at one time seriously spoken of as the seat of justice for 
 the County. But other counsels prevailing, Newton was 
 selected in preference.^ That part of the township of 
 
 ^On Nov. 20, 1753, the first court of justice held in the county of 
 Sussex, was opened in the house of Jonathan Pettit in Hardwick 
 township. At this court Casper Shafer, among others, was licensed 
 to keep a tavern. The business of tavern keeping at this time, and 
 for at least fifty years afterwards, was a stepping stone to public 
 distinction, as well as a source of pecuniary profit. Nearly all the 
 early judges, justices, sheriffs and chosen freeholders were inn 
 keepers. — Edsall's Sussex County Centenary, p. 27. 
 
 The Pennsylvania Gazette of Dec. 4, 1760, advertises a sale by the 
 Trustees of the Pennsylvania Land Company of three tracts of land 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 49 
 
 Hardwick called the Ridge, bordering upon the great road 
 leading from Newton to Hope, was originally settled by- 
 persons from England, the North of Ireland, and Scot- 
 land; viz: the Linns, Roys, Hunts, Shaws, Hazens, etc. 
 The lands are now generally in possession of their pos- 
 terity. 
 
 Passing down the great road in the direction of John- 
 sonburg, we come to the Hardwick church, situated on 
 the summit level of an elevated plain, from whence there 
 is a gradual descent in every direction. From this 
 eminence we have a magnificent view of the Blue Moun- 
 tains from the Water Gap stretching many miles to the 
 northeast. This church was built, I think, about the year 
 1785 or 86, and is rather a stately edifice considering the 
 state of the country at the period of its erection. The 
 church in its interior structure was remodelled and 
 modernized a few years since by placing the pulpit at the 
 east end instead of on the north side as it was originally. 
 I have for this church a peculiarly home-like attachment, 
 it being my "Alma Mater" as it were. Here all my 
 fathers and relatives worshiped, and here within its 
 hallowed walls I was nurtured and brought up from 
 infancy to early manhood, and here in the adjacent 
 cemetery, are deposited the venerated remains of my 
 parents and relatives. ^ By the aid of memory's faithful 
 
 (inter alia), in Sussex County, about 70 miles from Philadelphia, 
 one of 6,318 acres situate on the Paulinskill River, adjoining land of 
 "Casper Shafer, Tavern Keeper there." * * * "The said Paulins- 
 kill runs through the middle of it, and is about being made navigable 
 into the Delaware." — N. J. Archives, vol. 20, p. 512. 
 
 * From a "Sketch of Yellow Frame Presbyterian Church," by Rev. 
 Dr. Craig, in the New Jersey Herald, May 26, 1892, we learn that 
 the exact date of the organization of the "Upper Hardwick Presby- 
 terian Church," now Yellow Frame, is not known, but that it took 
 
 [4 
 
50 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 record I can bring to view the scenes occurring here of 
 more than half a century ago, when seated on the Sabbath 
 in the wide square pew at the right of the high blue pulpit, 
 and looking around methinks I can see as if only yesterday 
 the venerable forms of the generation long since departed. 
 There in the pew immediately adjoining to the west 
 sat Uncle William Armstrong, with his decrepit, venerable 
 companion and four daughters. Immediately in his rear 
 sat Uncle George Armstrong and his family. On the 
 opposite or east side of the pulpit sat first, I think, Uncle 
 Peter B. Schaeffer, with his family whose practice was, as 
 well as that of father (their heads being tender), to be 
 covered during divine service. In the adjoining pew sat 
 Dr. Kennedy and his family. Immediately in front of the 
 pulpit, on the west side of the middle aisle, appeared the 
 aldermanic and portly form of Esquire Gaston and his 
 family. Immediately in his rear Uncle John Armstrong 
 and family. Then followed old Esquire Hazen, Thomas 
 Hazen, Ezekiel Hazen and others in succession. In the 
 opposite or eastern side of the aisle is seen Gen. Hankin- 
 son ; then in his rear his elder brother William Hankinson, 
 then Esquire Lanning, the Hunts and a host of others 
 
 place probably in the year 1764. For eight vears the only preaching 
 was by supplies. The Rev. Francis Peppard was the pastor from 
 1774 until 1783. Rev. Ira Condit was the next pastor. He was 
 installed about the time the new Yellow Frame Church was com- 
 pleted, in 1778. His pastorate covered a period of about seven years, 
 after which another interval of ten years of pulpit vacancy occurred. 
 Rev. John Boyd was the pastor from Nov., 1803, till Oct., 1812. The 
 succeeding pastors were Rev. Benjamin Lowe, Rev. Jonathan Sher- 
 wood and Rev. William C. McGee, who was installed in 1841. The 
 church edifice erected in 1786 was used until 1887, when it was 
 superseded by the present church, and was demolished in IQOS-. The 
 site of the old church was across the road from the present building. 
 The vestibule and tower for the bell were added in 1858. The 
 present pastor is Rev. Ira H. Condit. 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 5* 
 
 that I cannot now recollect. The eastern front seat of the 
 gallery was occupied by Uncle John Roy and family. His 
 soft musical bass voice was charming to the ear. All 
 these, occupying their respective places, joined with one 
 accord in the holy service of the sanctuary, in devotional 
 exercises, in hearing the word preached and joining in the 
 vocal praises of Him who redeemed them with His 
 precious blood. 
 
 As a reminiscence of the olden time and as indicating 
 some of the peculiar habits of our forefathers, I will allude 
 to one peculiarity in their worship. It being the practice 
 in my early boyhood to line the hymns in singing, hymn 
 books not being then in general use, old General Hankin- 
 son, who then officiated as chorister, performed that part 
 of the service in a peculiar style, and with great adroitness, 
 the manner of which I suppose was no other than edifying 
 to the devout worshipers of that day, but which to some 
 of us light-minded moderns would appear rather strange, 
 if not rather ludicrous. Thus he would commence reading 
 the line at a high pitch of the voice, continuing to the end 
 on the same key, in a perfectly monotonous tone; then 
 strike off into the tune at the same pitch, singing to the 
 end of the line. Then without any suspension of sound, 
 and upon the same key of the last note just sung, he would 
 read the next line of the verse, and so on to the end of the 
 hymn. I suppose this may have been a common practice 
 in the old puritanical churches. 
 
 The first pastors of this church were, so far as I recol- 
 lect, first Rev. Mr. Peppard, second Rev. Mr. Thatcher, 
 third the Rev. Mr. Condit. These were all able and ex- 
 cellent ministers, the latter of whom particularly was an 
 eminent theologian. He it was, I think, as my parents 
 
52 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 have informed me, who administered the right of baptism 
 to my unworthy self. As a faithful and devoted pastor, 
 he was also particularly distinguished. I can distinctly 
 recollect his visiting around the congregation, catechising 
 the children, and how on one occasion he solemnly warned 
 us that a time was approaching when we must stand 
 before the bar of God. He was also in the practice of 
 holding meetings for religious conversation, with cate- 
 chetical instruction to the adults. If I am not mistaken he 
 preached alternately at Newton and Hardwick, and I am 
 inclined to think that our fathers sustained irreparable loss 
 when they suffered Ira Condit to leave them. The Hard- 
 wick church at least did not greatly prosper for forty 
 years or more after he left it. 
 
 Passing on our course for two or three miles west- 
 wardly we arrive at the flourishing town of Johnsonburg. 
 It is rather an ancient place and is remarkable for having 
 had at one time under the old Colonial Government a 
 prison built of logs. Hence its cognomen, "Log Gaol," 
 by which appellation it continued to be known until about 
 the year 1798, when the Messrs. Henry and Jonathan 
 Johnson, merchants of the place, incorporated their own 
 name and gave it its new denomination. There are in the 
 town three churches — one Episcopalian, one Methodist 
 and one Presbyterian. The principal proprietor of the 
 place was my uncle William Armstrong, who resided here 
 for many years in the latter part of his life, which he 
 closed about 1844, at the advanced age of ninety years. 
 
 In this place I ought not to omit an allusion to the 
 venerable Dr. Samuel Kennedy,^ an eminent practitioner 
 
 ^Dr. Samuel Kennedy, son of Rev. Samuel Kennedy, M. D., was 
 born about the year 1740. He married Elizabeth Beavers, Oct. 5, 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 53 
 
 of medicine in his day, who resided on a splendid farm in 
 the vicinity of Johnsonburg. He was one of the earHest 
 if not the very first physician settled in the county of 
 Sussex. His range of practice at an early day was prob- 
 ably not less than forty miles over the sparsely settled 
 country. There was a number of the leading physicians 
 of the county, as the late Dr. Linn, Dr. Everitt, Dr. 
 Palmer^ and others besides his own sons, who were 
 indebted to him for instruction in the healing art. Dr. 
 Kennedy was not only distinguished for consistent piety, 
 but was also an excellent theologian as well as an able 
 supporter of the Christian church. His patriotic views 
 and feelings led him to go heart and hand with the 
 staunch Whigs of the Revolution. In politics, of course, 
 coinciding with the popular sentiment, he was a zealous 
 democrat of the Jeffersonian school. In accordance with 
 these sentiments he had a strong desire as a last public act 
 of his life to cast his vote as Presidential Elector for 
 Thomas Jefferson to his second term of office; but death 
 intervened and prevented the consummation of his wishes 
 
 1768. By her he had nine children who reached mature life. She 
 died in 1790. He married again, in 1791, Anna, daughter of Peter 
 B. Schaefifer, by whom he had five children. Dr. Kennedy died in 
 1804 and is buried in the Yellow Frame Graveyard. He is described 
 as having been short and stout, but of fine personal appearance. His 
 residence was a stone-house upon the Van Horn farm, half a mile 
 from Johnsonburg, on the road to Allamuchy. He was also judge 
 of the Sussex County courts, and member of the Assembly in 1780. 
 He was an able practitioner and prepared a great number of students 
 for the profession. 
 
 *Dr. Henry Palmer was a native of Connecticut and succeeded Dr. 
 Kennedy at Johnsonburg, and afterwards, about 1808, went to 
 Hope. He died June 14, 1813, at the age of thirty-four, of yellow 
 fever which he contracted on a visit to New York. He was a mili- 
 tary man and buried with military honors at the Yellow Frame 
 Burying Ground. He married a daughter of Judge Armstrong. 
 They had no children. 
 
54 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 in that particular. He died at an advanced age. sometime 
 in 1804. The father of Dr. Kennedy was a celebrated 
 Scotch clergyman, the Rev. Dr. Kennedy, the very able 
 and probably the first pastor of the ancient church of 
 Baskingridge.i Dr. Kennedy's first wife was the sister 
 of my uncle, the late Robert Beavers. His second wife 
 was my cousin Anna, eldest daughter of Uncle Peter B. 
 Schaeffer. 
 
 In journeying still further on to the southwest we 
 arrive at the ancient town of Hope, distant about six miles 
 from Johnsonburg. It was founded by the religious 
 Society of Moravians, or United Brethren, as they called 
 themselves, about the time or perhaps prior to the middle 
 of the last century. The Society from the country in 
 Germany whence they came, taking the name of 
 Moravians, this town has naturally got the popular appel- 
 lation of Moravian Town. The organization of the 
 Society possesses some peculiar features, partaking both 
 of the social as well as exclusive principle. They are 
 banded together in such a way as to have but little inter- 
 course with the world at large, permitting but one of 
 each trade or calling to exist in their community at the 
 same time. At an early period of their history it seems 
 they adopted the communist principle of depositing all 
 their earnings in a common fund and drawing thence 
 
 ^ Rev. Samuel Kennedy, M. D., was born in Scotland, 1720, and 
 educated at the University of Edinburgh. After coming to America 
 he was licensed to preach the gospel and was ordained pastor of the 
 Church in Baskingridge, June 15, 1751. He established a classical 
 school there which was of a high order and extensively patronized. 
 He was also a practitioner and acquired considerable reputation in 
 his profession. He died at Baskingridge, August 31, 1787, aged 
 dy years.— Wickes' Medical History of N. J., p. 305 ; N. J. Archives, 
 XXV., p. 407, note. 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 55 
 
 their individual support. But subsequently, having 
 changed their policy in this respect, each individual hus- 
 bands and appropriates his own earnings. They allow 
 none of their own society to suffer, and the parties to the 
 marriage contract are selected by the elders and matrons 
 of their order. They have a large church and a large mill 
 of stone, and all their buildings, both public and private, 
 are constructed in the most substantial manner, of stone, 
 so that even now, after the lapse of more than a hundred 
 years, they show but little sign of decay. About the year 
 1808 or 10 the Society sold out their whole establishment 
 either to a company or to individual purchasers, and 
 removed to Nazareth, Bethlehem, Lititz and other 
 Moravian towns in Northampton and Lancaster counties 
 in the state of Pennsylvania. 
 
 In regard to my maternal ancestry, I have to lament 
 the lack of information no less than on the other branch 
 of the connection. But what few isolated facts and 
 reminiscences I have, I shall proceed to group together in 
 such a way as to make somewhat of a connected history. 
 
 About the year 1745 to 48, there resided in the lower 
 part of the township of Hardwick an industrious and 
 thrifty son of the Emerald Isle pursuing the humble 
 and laborious calling of a weaver. There resided also in 
 the same neighborhood a respectable farmer by the name 
 of Green, who married his wife in a Low Dutch settle- 
 ment in Somerset County, not far from Somerville. Now 
 it so happened that the younger sister of Mrs. Green 
 being on a visit with her, having traversed the mountains 
 and wilderness for that purpose, during the young 
 lady's sojourn here the young Hibernian above alluded to 
 becoming acquainted with her, admired and paid his 
 
56 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 addresses to her, and the attachment being- reciprocated, 
 they were in due time united in the bonds of matrimony. 
 
 Thus commenced in the union of Nathan Armstrong 
 and Euphemia Wright the family relation of my grand- 
 parents on the mother's side.i Hence on that side of the 
 house my lineage is half Irish and half Low Dutch. The 
 first fruits of this union was the birth of the twin brothers, 
 the late George and John Armstrong. My grandparents 
 had seven children, three sons and four daughters, my 
 mother being the youngest of the family. The three sons 
 and one of the daughters lived to an advanced age. 
 George, the eldest, died in his 8oth year. John lived to 
 be 85 or 86. William, the younger, attained to his 90th 
 year, and Aunt Hannah Linn was, I suppose, near 90 at 
 her decease. My uncle George Armstrong had, I think, 
 about ten children, most of whom I believe are still living. 
 The eldest of the family, Mrs. Locke, whom I saw in 
 June, 1853, in a very low state of health, has since died. 
 
 Uncle John Armstrong had seven or eight children 
 grown to maturity, none of whom are now living except 
 Jacob, the youngest of three sons. Aunt Hannah married 
 Alexander, the oldest brother of the Linn family, who 
 died at the age of 40 or 45 years. They had, I think, six 
 children. How many of them may yet survive I am 
 unable to say, as they have for many years resided at a 
 distance. About the year 1797 or 8, Aunt Hannah 
 removed with her family to Crawford County near 
 Meadville, western Pennsylvania, settling down in the 
 wilderness with her children, some of them quite young, 
 and with slender means of support. They suffered all the 
 
 * See biographical sketch of Nathan Armstrong, post. 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 57 
 
 hardships and privations incident to such a situation. 
 After buffeting the storms of adversity for many years 
 and raising her family, she spent the remainder of her 
 days there in comparative ease and competency, dying 
 some years since at an advanced age. 
 
 Another of my mother's sisters married a gentleman by 
 the name of Beavers, a Hibernian by birth. They had six 
 children, five daughters and one son, all deceased, I think, 
 but two or three daughters. The other sister of my 
 mother married a Mr. Stinson. A son and a daughter 
 were their only children. The daughter was the first wife 
 of my uncle Isaac Schaeffer. She died leaving no issue, 
 within a year after their marriage. The son is the present 
 Judge Stinson of Warren County. 
 
 My grandfather Armstrong is represented to have been 
 a very industrious and prudent man, managing his affairs 
 with such economy and thrift as to be able at his demise 
 to leave each of his three sons in possession of a valuable 
 farm; the daughters in those days coming off minus. He 
 is said to have died a little past middle age, of the natural 
 small-pox, inoculation not being then generally intro- 
 duced. And being under the old colonial government 
 under which the law of primogeniture prevailed, he was 
 constrained to make his will on his deathbed, in order to 
 prevent the oldest son from inheriting all the real estate, 
 which, by his devise, was given equally share and share 
 alike to the three sons. 
 
 My grandmother Armstrong was a lady of superior 
 mental endowments. Although not having enjoyed any 
 special advantages of education, she yet excelled in con- 
 versational powers. I well recollect in my childhood and 
 youth with what glowing interest and fixed attention I 
 
$8 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 sat and listened to her when relating to my mother 
 anecdotes and reminiscences of earlier life, as well as the 
 more recent occurrences of the day amongst her friends 
 and neighbors. Her piety, calm, consistent and unob- 
 trusive, shone in all her daily walk and conversation. As 
 a mark of the high esteem in which she was held, not only 
 each of her own children named a daughter after her, 
 but the name of Euphemia became a favorite household 
 word in many families in the neighborhood, even where 
 no relationship existed. 
 
 My father had two brothers, Peter B. the eldest, and 
 Isaac the youngest of the family, and one sister Mar- 
 garetta, who was next in age to my uncle Peter, the first 
 born. Peter married a lady by the name of Stinson. 
 They had eight children, ranging as follows, viz : Anna, 
 Katy, Polly, Abraham, Betsey, Isaac, Peggy and Stinson, 
 the youngest, who died in childhood. The rest have now 
 all deceased. They all married and all left children 
 except Polly, who died, I think, within a year after her 
 marriage. 
 
 My father's only sister, Margaretta, married Mr. John 
 Roy, a pious, most worthy and industrious man. They 
 had nine children, viz : Polly, Hannah, Susan, Peggy, 
 Sally, Betsey, John Casper, Bernhardt Schaeffer and 
 Joseph, the youngest, six daughters and three sons. They 
 all married and left children save Polly, the oldest, and 
 Susan, and they are all deceased, except Susannah and 
 John C. Uncle John Roy did not live to an advanced age. 
 The number of his years did not I imagine exceed sixty. 
 Aunt Roy attained to a greater age. She survived her 
 husband many years. I think she must have been 
 upwards of 70 years at her demise. 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 59 
 
 My uncle, William Armstrong, I should have said, had 
 four children, all daughters — Lydia, Euphemia Polly and 
 Sally. They all married and had issue. The only sur- 
 viving one of them is Mrs. Euphemia Bray, in a state of 
 widowhood. My uncle married a second wife, by whom 
 he had no issue. His first wife was Miss Swayze, sister 
 to the late Mrs. Dusenberry. 
 
 My uncle Isaac Schaeffer for his second wife married 
 Martha Linn. They had four children, three sons and 
 one daughter, viz: Joseph L., Archibald S., Peggy, and 
 Peter B., only the latter of whom survives, cousin Rev. 
 Joseph L. having died in December, 1853. Aunt Matty, 
 by a second marriage, with Mr. Joseph De Mund, had 
 several children, with none of whom have I any acquaint- 
 ance except with Isaac, the eldest, who is a clergyman of 
 respectable standing in the Presbyterian connection. All 
 these children of both issues, so far as I know, married 
 and had issue except Archibald S., who died single, in 
 early manhood. 
 
 My own parents had twelve children, viz: Polly or 
 Maria Catharine, Casper, Nathan A., Peter B., Euphemia 
 W., Sarah, William A., Margaretta R., Elizabeth and 
 Robert Finley, together with two who died in infancy. 
 We have all been married and have issue, save Margaretta 
 and Finley (who is since married). My sister Polly was 
 married, as his second wife, to John Johnson Esq., April 
 28, 1804, and departed this life, April 13, 1808, aged 
 twenty-six years, five months, twenty-seven days, leaving 
 three children, William Jefferson, Whitfield Schaeffer, 
 and Sarah Catherine. 
 
 My first marriage was to Clarissa Golden, 17th of May, 
 1810. She deceased Jan., 1816. The result of this union 
 
6o MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 was birth of a son and daughter, both of whom died in 
 infancy. My second wife was Mrs. Sarah Hahn, widow 
 of the late Wm. Hahn, in Jan., 1818. At the time of our 
 marriage she had three children — Mary, Christian and 
 William, the latter of whom died about the age of nine 
 years. Our own children were four: Sarah Elizabeth, 
 Euphemia Miller, Amanda Margaretta, and Gilbert Liv- 
 ingston, who died at about the age of two and a half 
 years. Elizabeth was married to Thomas Kimber in 
 April, 1843. They had three children, the two oldest of 
 whom died in infancy; the youngest, Sally Schaeffer 
 Kimber, was six years old on the 7th of July, 1854. 
 Euphemia and Reuben B. Miller were married in May, 
 1843. They have five children, four daughters and one 
 son, viz: Mary Hahn, Sarah Gertrude, Ellen Augusta, 
 Euphemia and William Casper, the present infant.^ 
 
 My brother Nathan^ married Sarah, daughter of the 
 late Judge Linn of Sussex. They had six children, viz : 
 Mary, William, Abraham, Joseph, Lucilla and Louisa. 
 The eldest son was suddenly killed by accident many years 
 ago. Mary, the eldest daughter, married Mr. Joseph 
 Coursen; they have two or three children. The others are 
 as yet unmarried. 
 
 My brother Peter B. married Mrs. Rebecca Vail, 
 daughter of the late Dr. Hendrick. They had three 
 
 ^ Four others were afterwards born. See Genealogical Record. 
 
 ^ Nathan Armstrong Shafer learned the tanning business of the 
 Armstrongs and returned to Stillwater and established a large tan- 
 nery, which proved successful. On April 11, 1825, the first meeting 
 in the newly organized township of Stillwater was held at his house 
 and he was elected a member of the town committee. He was a 
 Director of the Sussex Bank. In 1825 he was a member of the 
 assembly, and was a judge of the Court of Common Pleas for fifteen 
 years, beginning Jan. 21, 1833. He had many warm friends and was 
 kind to the poor. — Armstrong Record. 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 6 1 
 
 children, the oldest dying in infancy. The two surviving 
 ones are Adelaide and Alexander C. Adelaide was 
 married about a year ago to Dr. Denis. 
 
 Sister Euphemia married Mr. Henry Miller, son of the 
 late Major Miller of German Valley. They had four 
 children— Rev. J. E. Miller/ Elizabeth, the oldest, who 
 died many years ago, Margaretta, and Emma, the 
 youngest. Sister and her family reside at Stroudsburg, 
 Pa., where Edwin has a charge. 
 
 Sister Sarah married Rev. Jacob R. Castner, ' of Bask- 
 ingridge, about the year 1813. They had nine children— 
 
 ' Rev. James Edwin Miller was born near Clinton, Hunterdon 
 County N. J., April 13, 1823. He began the study of law with his 
 uncle, the Hon. Jacob W. Miller, of Morristown. Subsequently, in 
 order to study for the ministry, he entered Lafayette College 
 where he graduated in 1845. He spent three years in the Princeton 
 Iheological bemmary and graduated from that institution in 1848 
 His hrst pastorate was the Second Presbyterian Church, Sparta N 
 Y., 1850-54. He then became pastor of the Presbyterian Church in 
 Stroudsburg, Pa., until 1859. He taught school for a number of 
 years in Stroudsburg and Phillipsburg. N. J. Later on he preached 
 at New Egypt, N. J., and Plumsteadville, Pa. He afterwards re- 
 moved to Minnesota and served the Presbyterian churches in 
 Shakopee and Taylor's Falls for five years. Owing to the severity 
 of the climate, he removed to Smyth County. Va., where he re- 
 niained a short time, returning to New Jersey in 1879. On account 
 of feeble health, he was able to preach only occasionally, and died 
 at Stillwater, N. J., Oct. 24, 1885. 
 
 'Rev. Jacob R. Castner, born at Liberty Corner, Somerset Co., 
 N. J., pursued his classical studies at Princeton. Class of 1809 and 
 studied theology under Dr. Finley at Baskingridge. His first 
 pastorates were at German Valley, Hocks Hill, and Black River 
 He was pastor of Mansfield from 1818 until his death which 
 occurred suddenly at Washington, N. J., April 26, 1848. Rev. Dr. 
 Junkin says of him : "He was a natural orator and one of the best, 
 if not the very best, extempore speakers in the Presbytery or Synod! 
 He was an able, laborious, and successful minister of the Word. 
 An early and fearless champion of the temperance reformation, he 
 probably did more for that cause than any other man in the Presby- 
 tery. He was utterly fearless, a man of unwavering moral courage, 
 one of the most delightful conversers I ever heard. He was almost 
 idolized by his congregation." See "The Early Germans of New 
 Jersey," Chambers, p. 114, etc. 
 
62 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 Mary, Emma, John. Edmund, Margaretta, William, 
 Elizabeth, Anna and Amanda. Emma and William died 
 of scarlet fever within a few days of each other, many 
 years ago. Brother Castner was a very laborious, able 
 and efficient pastor. He was first settled at the German 
 Valley, whence after a few years he removed to Asbury 
 and took charge of the Mansfield congregation, which, 
 being very large, and agreeing to divide, he removed to 
 Washington and took charge of the northern part of the 
 flock, which had then become a separate organization. 
 He departed this life five or six years ago, in about the 
 63d year of his age. Mary married a gentleman of the 
 name of Lyman. They had two daughters. She died 
 soon after the birth of the younger one. Edmund and 
 Elizabeth are both married, the latter to Mr. John Davis, 
 the former to a sister of Mr. Davis. They have each, I 
 think, two or three children. Margaretta was married to 
 the Rev. George Marriner, of Philadelphia,^ and has one 
 daughter, Anna. John and the two younger sisters re- 
 main single. Sister Sarah, after having spent a toilsome 
 life in raising an interesting family of children, is now, 
 after relinquishing the cares of housekeeping, living most 
 of her leisure with her children and friends. 
 
 I ought to have said in connection with sister Euphemia 
 that her husband, Henry Miller, a man of exemplary piety 
 and most amiable character, died of consumption in the 
 city of New York many years ago. 
 
 Brother William married Miss Fanny Stewart, from 
 
 ^ Rev. George K. Marriner, born at Lewes, Del., Nov. 9, 1821, 
 graduate of Princeton Theological Seminary ; teacher at Basking- 
 ridge and Mays Landing, N. J. ; pastor at Warren, Pa. ; died at 
 Trenton, N. J., Sept. 5, 1869. 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 63 
 
 the vicinity of Hackettstown. They have two sons, Edwin 
 and John, sprightly lads. They, together with brother 
 Finley, occupy the old homestead and conjointly drive on 
 the farm and mill. 
 
 Sister Margaretta is the only one of the family remain- 
 ing single. She built herself a beautiful and commodious 
 dwelling on the back road leading down in the direction 
 towards Wintermute's. It is handsomely located, being 
 one of a row of houses situated along the foot of the lime- 
 stone hill overlooking the valley of Stillwater. Her lawn 
 in front is adorned with a variety of ornamental and 
 choice fruit trees. 
 
 Sister Elizabeth was married to Rev. Isaac N. Candee,^ 
 Jan. I, 1829. She died soon after the birth of her second 
 child, which survived her but a short time. The surviving 
 daughter, Sally, now over twenty years of age. was on a 
 visit to Stillwater in the summer of 1853-4. She is now 
 residing with some friends in the State of Indiana; she 
 has since married Mr. Love. 
 
 Thus upon a retrospect of our family it will be seen 
 that we have been greatly blessed in increase and preser- 
 vation. Our parents were married Jan. 11, 1781, nearly 
 seventy- four years ago; and out of twelve children born 
 to them there are seven of us still remaining as monu- 
 ments of great mercy. 
 
 Intemperance abounded much in our country from my 
 earliest remembrance. West India rum was the article 
 principally in use at first. Apple whiskey was even then 
 
 ^Rev. Isaac N. Candee, D. D., was born at Galway, N. Y., Oct. 30, 
 1801. He graduated at Union College in 1825 and Princeton 
 Theological Seminary; Pastor at Belvidere, N. J., 1834-40; Agent 
 Board of Foreign Missions, 1840-49; Pastor Lafayette, Ind., and 
 Galesbiirg, 111. ; died at Peoria, 111., June 19, 1874. 
 
64 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 manufactured to a limited extent, but being the cheaper 
 beverage, its production soon increased in such manner 
 as to supersede the former. And not content with con- 
 verting the precious fruit into the liquid poison, the staff 
 of life v^as also appropriated to the same vile purpose. 
 Rye and corn, to this end, were brought extensively into 
 requisition ; and it went on increasing until, like the great 
 deluge, it seemingly flooded the whole land, every neigh- 
 borhood, almost, having its distillery. Consequently 
 intemperance prevailed to a fearful extent, slaying its 
 thousands. The temperance reformation, however, at 
 length came with healing in its wings, giving a check to 
 the fell monster. But the serpent is only scotched, it will 
 never be effectually destroyed until it is made a penal 
 offence to vend alcoholic liquors as a beverage. 
 
 It was the universal custom in our country in the time 
 of my youth, and prior thereto, to travel on horse-back. 
 Even the ladies, both young and old, were very expert at 
 this exercise. The young ladies then had no need to go 
 to riding school. From their childhood they were taught 
 to mount the side saddle and manage their horse. Being 
 thus early initiated, they became as the French say, "au 
 fait an chei'al." Even my grandmothers had each her 
 riding horse appropriated to her own special use. 
 Pleasure carriages were a thing hardly known in those 
 days, but modern refinement and taste have introduced 
 the more easy and luxurious but less chivalrous and hardy 
 practice of riding in carriages; so that now you will see 
 on the Sabbath the light Jersey wagon and other light 
 vehicles lining the streets proceeding on their way to 
 church, instead of the cavalcade on horseback. 
 
 T will not omit to notice in passing, a barbarous and 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 6$ 
 
 brutal custom that prevailed in our country at an early- 
 period, and which was not wholly laid aside in my 
 younger days, viz : at husking bees, stone frolics, military 
 training and other public gatherings, it was not unusual, 
 after the business of the day was concluded, for some of 
 the hardier fellows who by this time were pretty well 
 charged with the good "ceiter" to embrace the oppor- 
 tunity, while the steam was up, to settle in an amicable 
 way some old grudge, and pay ofif old scores, by having a 
 pugilistic set-to. The manner of proceeding was some- 
 what as follows : The combatants stripped to the bare- 
 back, their seconds being chosen, whose business it was to 
 see "fair play," and the ring of fifteen or twenty feet in 
 diameter being formed, at it they would go; and hard 
 blows being freely dealt for a little while, the parties 
 militant would probably fall to the ground, then punch- 
 ing, gouging and biting. And if the parties escaped 
 without the loss of an eye or an ear, a finger or more 
 bitten off, they were esteemed fortunate. If, when they 
 were prostrated, either one of the parties for want of 
 breath cried "wind," they were separated for a time, and 
 if either of the belligerents cried "enough" they were 
 parted, and thus ended the sport, which, though savage, 
 is yet better than dueling. 
 
 There was also a very laudable practice prevailing in 
 our country at an early period, which is now more or less 
 prevalent in all new settled countries where laboring 
 hands are scarce, viz: when any heavy operation was to 
 be performed, such as raising a new building, husking a 
 field of corn, removing stones off a field, clearing new 
 ground, etc., to invite the neighbors to come in a body and 
 give a helping hand, thus having what was called a "bee" 
 
 [5 
 
66 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 or "frolic," dosing the operations with a plentiful and 
 rather sumptuous supper. The new-ground operation 
 was somewhat after this sort : The neighbors would pro- 
 ceed to the forest with their axes and grubbing hoes and 
 set to work felling the smaller trees and cutting them up 
 for rails and firewood, and girdling the larger ones to 
 prevent the circulation of the sap, thus causing their 
 death, and these after a year or two were to be cut down 
 and converted into fence rails and firewood. With the 
 grubbing hoe the small saplings and underbrush were 
 taken out by the roots, cut up, and the brush piled into 
 heaps, and when dry, burned; the ashes of which help to 
 fertilize the virgin soil. The plow is now introduced, 
 scratching between the stumps and roots, thus very 
 imperfectly preparing the ground for the seed, which is 
 best covered by a drag or brush, drawn over the field. A 
 moderate crop is the husbandman's reward. 
 
 One of the good things derived from the Puritan 
 fathers of New England was the cultivation of church 
 music. To this end singing schools were at an early day 
 introduced by the younger portion of society. The winter 
 evenings were appropriated to this exercise. We thought 
 nothing in those days of jumping into the sleigh and 
 driving four or five miles to singing school, and returning 
 home by ten o'clock at night. Our teaching was con- 
 fined rather to the elementary and practical part of music, 
 not entering much into the theoretic or scientific part of 
 it. The character of the music taught was of the fugue 
 kind, wherein harmony rather than melody predominated. 
 Although the gamut or grammar was not entirely over- 
 looked, yet the fundamental principles of the science were 
 not as thoroughly inculcated as might have been desirable. 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 67 
 
 Our teachers, so far as I can recollect, were as follows, 
 viz : Upson, Linn, Belcher, Morgan, McCracken, etc. 
 
 Formerly the snows fell much deeper and the winters 
 were more severe in this country than of late years. I 
 have heard my father say that in the winter of 1780-81 
 the depth of snow was such that in traveling they did not 
 confine themselves to the road, but drove over fences and 
 across fields, the snow being sufficiently hard to bear 
 them, since which period the weather at that season has 
 been gradually growing milder; so much so that some 
 winters will pass with scarcely snow enough for any 
 sleighing. It is now a very rare thing for the Delaware 
 to be frozen over, whereas formerly this was an ordinary 
 occurrence. Evidently our climate is ameliorating and 
 becoming similar in temperature to the same degree of 
 latitude on the European continent. Now as to the cause 
 of this change various opinions are entertained, some 
 assigning one cause and some another. My own long- 
 cherished opinion is that it is owing principally to two 
 things : first, to clearing away the forests and opening 
 up ^he swamps, whereby the surface of the ground being 
 exposed to the action of the sun and the accumulated 
 moisture being evaporated, the ground becomes dryer and 
 consequently warmer. A second cause contributing, I 
 think, in no small degree to the same effect, is the cultiva- 
 tion of the soil ; the action of the plow, in turning up the 
 sub-soil, thus loosening the ground and exposing a greater 
 surface to the action of the sun, consequently also produc- 
 ing increased dryness and warmth. With the increased 
 heat of the ground, the temperature of the atmosphere is 
 likewise increased, consequently less snow falls and is 
 sooner melted. These several causes continuing to act. 
 
68 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 the probability is that in the course of time, our climate 
 will assimilate to the mildness of the same latitudes in 
 western Europe. The gulf stream, however, exercises a 
 benign influence upon that country which is experienced 
 in a much less degree in our own country. 
 
 The old stone mansion at Stillwater, in which most of 
 us were born and all of us were brought up, was built 
 about the year 1784-85. It was considered a splendid 
 building in its day. It is very pleasantly situated on the 
 brOw of the third plateau of the valley, elevated some 
 fifteen or twenty feet above the alluvial ground in front; 
 having a beautiful view of the kill with the meadows 
 bordering it, and of the hills beyond for a considerable 
 distance up and down the stream. In this vista are also 
 comprehended the mill, the race, the bridges, etc. 
 
 An incident occurred at an early day which it may not 
 be out of place to notice here, viz : the burning of the first 
 barn, built by father in the year 1792 or '93. It was a 
 frame building, rather new, standing on the site of the 
 present one, about 150 yards west of the dwelling house. 
 The occurrence was on this wise : The teamster coming 
 home after night-fall with the four-horse team and going 
 to the stable to feed his horses, my brother Nathan, then 
 quite a small boy, volunteered to carry the lantern, and 
 being a great admirer of hens and chickens, he took the 
 opportunity while the man was busied with the horses, to 
 examine the fowls through the opening leading to their 
 roost on the cow rack underneath, through which hay was 
 passed to the animals from the barn floor. While thus 
 engaged, the candle in the open lantern coming in contact 
 with the hay mow reaching down nearly to the floor, it 
 instantly caught fire, and the whole building was speedily 
 
Shafer Homestead, Stilliflrater. 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 69 
 
 enveloped in flames, and soon with all its contents, except 
 the live stock, reduced to a heap of smouldering ruins. 
 All the cattle, both horses and cows, were very fortu- 
 nately, through the exertions of those present, safely 
 rescued from the devouring element. My mother and old 
 Dine, the colored woman, heroically entered the cow- 
 stable, unchained the poor beasts and let them escape, 
 while the conflagration was raging over their heads. 
 Every quadruped was thus got safely out of danger; but 
 what became of the poor fowls, whether rescued or con- 
 sumed alive, I do not recollect. This catastrophe occurred 
 late in the fall, and I distinctly recollect the sympathy and 
 kindness of the neighbors on the occasion, some taking 
 cattle to winter, others bringing loads of hay to supply 
 the wants of those that were necessarily kept at home. 
 During the next spring and summer the present barn was 
 erected. 
 
 The old school house in which I received the first 
 elements of my English education, I believe, has gone to 
 decay. It was situated alx)ut two or three hundred yards 
 west of sister Margaretta's dwelling, close under the hill 
 where the lime-stone rocks jut out furthest. The teachers 
 were numerous in a long succession of years. First of all 
 was Paddy MacElvany, fresh from the green Shamrock. 
 He gloried in teaching children to read hard names, 
 together with the Children's and Westminster Shorter 
 Catechism. In consequence of his too great liking for the 
 ardent, his right hand refused its cunning, and he resorted 
 to the use of copperplates to teach his pupils chirography. 
 The next was Hubbard, an old Revolutionary soldier 
 from New England. He was given to inebriation also. 
 The next was Crosby, from the isle of Erin. He was 
 
^0 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 generally sober, but never refused good cheer when 
 offered gratuitously. Next came one by the name of 
 Hand — not remarkable for any great deeds. To him 
 succeeded Boulton, a great arithmetician, but addicted 
 occasionally to long-continued sprees. He as well as the 
 following, whose name I do not recollect, were both 
 from the Emerald Isle; the last, as well as the preceding, 
 delighted to suck the liquid poison. The next was Mr. 
 Graham, a gentlemanly man who also came from Ireland. 
 He married Miss Polly Arrison, my father's cousin. 
 Next came Dillingham, a Revolutionary soldier; was in 
 the battle of Monmouth under Washington. After him 
 succeeded Coffee, an Irish strolling play actor, who taught 
 us something of the art of speaking dialogues, etc., and 
 gave us a taste for theatricals. After this I tended mill for 
 five years; then in May, 1803, went to grammar school at 
 Baskingridge, under the tuition of the late Dr. Finley. 
 One week previous to my leaving home on this occasion, 
 viz : on the eighth of May, a snow fell to the depth of six 
 inches, killing the fruits. A commodious academy was 
 erected some years ago at the head of the lane, in which a 
 flourishing school is now kept. 
 
 For a period of about a quarter of a century, an insect 
 called the Hessian fly preyed upon the growing wheat 
 crop in our part of the country to such an extent as almost 
 to prevent its culture. After this period the ravages of 
 the insect gradually ceasing, the cultivation of wheat was 
 resumed, and has been successfully pursued to the present 
 day. The state of agriculture has much improved of late 
 years, and fine crops of wheat are now raised in all parts 
 of the country. During the suspension of wheat-growing, 
 the dependence for bread was upon corn, rye and buck- 
 
Shafer Homestead, Stillwater. 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 7^ 
 
 wheat. The corn raised at Stillwater and vicinity was 
 peculiarly rich and sweet. The period of the fly depreda- 
 tion commenced about the year 1794. The soil in the 
 region around Stillwater is susceptible of a high state of 
 cultivation. It needs only the aid of science to bring out 
 its full capacity for production. The distance of some 
 fifty miles to market suggested the idea of converting 
 grain, roots, etc., into stock, and thus save the expense of 
 heavy transportation. Pursue the grass and root culture, 
 feed cattle and they will furnish manure. 
 
 I think my brothers, William and Finley, have within 
 their reach the means of enriching their farm to almost 
 any desirable extent, in the possession within half a mile 
 of their dwelling of an inexhaustible quantity of shell- 
 marl, and an illimitable deposit of black mould or muck in 
 their lower meadows ; which two ingredients, if made into 
 compost by mixing about three parts muck to one of 
 marl, and this spread upon the land at the rate of thirty 
 or forty two-horse loads to the acre and plowed in, would 
 greatly fertilize the soil. The increased production would 
 well pay for the extra expense. The compost should be 
 formed in the fall, so as to give it the benefit of the 
 winter's frost. 
 
 In the fruit line the staple production is applies, almost 
 every farmer having his own apple orchard. In general, 
 however, they are only the natural fruit. Few persons 
 in the neighborhood, except at Stillwater, have as yet 
 paid much attention to grafting. Cherries are very 
 generally raised. Every farmer will have his row of 
 cherry trees. They consist almost invariably of what is 
 called the common red cherry; the trees growing not very 
 tall, with a well-formed round top. They are great 
 
72 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 bearers, and are rather large, bright red, and have a rich, 
 juicy sub-acid taste. I think they are about the finest 
 cherries for pies I ever knew. It is much to be regretted 
 that so Httle attention is paid to its culture. On a recent 
 visit to that part of the country, I was pained to observe 
 the old stock of trees almost gone, through decay, and no 
 care taken to replace them by a younger growth, so that 
 there is reason to fear the species will become extinct. 
 The tall cherry tree, raised to some extent, though 
 handsomer in its conical shape, yet does not bear so good 
 fruit as the other. Pears are raised to a limited extent. 
 Plums, a garden fruit, are not much attended to, but 
 where their garden culture is pursued, their product is 
 abundant and of excellent quality. I have eaten as fine 
 ones at Stillwater as are usually seen in the Philadelphia 
 markets. Quinces are raised pretty generally as a garden 
 fruit. Currants, raspberries and gooseberries are common 
 products of the garden. In regard, however, to straw- 
 berries, raspberries and blackberries, a majority of people 
 depend mainly on the natural growth of the field. 
 Whortle or huckle berries grow abundantly in the moun- 
 tain forests. 
 
 Peaches have not succeeded in that part for many years. 
 Two causes seem to militate against their success. First, 
 the late frosts in the spring, to obviate which the treeS" 
 should be planted on the north side of hills to retard the 
 blossoms beyond the reach of frosts. A second cause of 
 their decay is the cutting of a worm around the root, just 
 under the surface of the ground, eating through the bark 
 and thus destroying the circulation of the sap. Three 
 methods have been resorted to for the purpose of destroy- 
 ing these vermin. First, to dig around the root and with 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 73 
 
 a jackknife cut out the worm; though an effectual remedy, 
 it is laborious and tedious, and must perhaps be repeated 
 every year. A second plan is after cutting out the worm 
 as above, then to coat the denuded root with tar, so as to 
 prevent their re-access to the root of the tree. These two 
 operations should be performed in the spring of the year. 
 A third plan is after clearing away the sod and dirt a little 
 from the root of the tree, then to pour a bucket of boiling 
 hot soap-suds around the root, which speedily destroys 
 the worms and fertilizes the tree. In this case there is no 
 necessity for cutting out the worm previous to the scald- 
 ing. This last method I am in favor of as being easier 
 and more beneficial than either of the others. The suds 
 may be applied at any season when the vermin may be 
 alive. Putting lime and ashes about the root and mulch- 
 ing straw or tan, all have their good effect in this way. I 
 presume the same treatment would answer an equally 
 good purpose with other fruit trees, as the apricot, plum, 
 quince, etc. The blackberry is a fruit whose culture has 
 scarcely as yet been attempted even by our city gardeners. 
 Its excellence as a table fruit is held in much higher 
 esteem than formerly, and I have no doubt that the berry 
 would be greatly improved, both in size and flavor, by 
 suitable horticulture. 
 
 Of native grapes, there are two or three different kinds 
 at and around Stillwater. The fox grape is the most 
 abundant, growing along the streams and in the wooded 
 valleys. It is rather a large fruit, thick skin, and not very 
 highly flavored. Their most useful application is to take 
 them in their unripe state and stew for tarts, and also to 
 preserve. There is also a smaller variety growing on the 
 ledges of the lime-stone cobbles. They have a pleasant 
 
74 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 sub-acid taste; do not come to maturity until frost comes, 
 hence they have got the name of "frost grapes." They 
 are esteemed for preserving and used for pies, tarts, etc. 
 They cultivate in addition some foreign grapes at Still- 
 water as the Isabella, Catawba and one or two kinds sup- 
 posed originally to have come from Germany, of a very 
 superior quality. 
 
 Of edible nuts various kinds abound at Stillwater and 
 in the vicinity, as the chestnut, shellbark, walnut, butter- 
 nut, hazlenut, etc. The native plums growing at Still- 
 water were of a delicious flavor — how far they might 
 have been improved by culture has never to my knowledge 
 been brought to the test of experiment. The principal 
 forest trees of that region are white oak, black oak, 
 hickory, walnut, chestnut, poplar, beech, elm, maple, 
 buttonwood, birch, dogwood, etc., etc. In some of the 
 swamps near the Kittatiny or Blue Mountain the spruce, 
 pine or tamarack abounds. The crab apple formerly 
 flourished along the kill, and perhaps does still. So far 
 as my recollection serves me, the growth of the native 
 grapes above alluded to is confined principally if not 
 entirely to the lime-stone region. Cherries flourish best 
 on the slate ridge and mountain districts. The peach and 
 apple and stone fruits, in general, do best on ground cul- 
 tivated in hoed crops, such as corn, potatoes, etc., and not 
 in sowed grain. 
 
 I must not omit to mention in passing the existence of 
 a natural curiosity at Stillwater, viz : a mound of some 
 six feet elevation lying in the lower field near the lime- 
 stone hill in front of sister Margaretta's house. It is flat 
 on the surface, covering about an acre of ground. Now 
 the query is, what should have caused this singular 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 75 
 
 elevation while the whole field around is perfectly level? 
 In theorizing on the subject, I have supposed that inas- 
 much as it could not be accounted for from natural causes, 
 it must be a work of art, that the hand of the aborigines 
 must have been engaged in its production, and it is, per- 
 haps, the work of centuries gone by; its object being 
 probably either for a necropolis or depository of the dead, 
 or else a military fortification. Mounds of a similar kind 
 and for like purposes are frequent in the western country. 
 The ground over this mound has been under cultivation 
 for a century past, without the least suspicion, perhaps, of 
 what might be deposited underneath. I have often 
 thought it would be a matter of no small interest to make 
 an excavation into the same with a view to solve the 
 problem as to its surmised contents. 
 
 Slavery formerly existed here to a limited extent. The 
 Van Campens over the mountains, my father and his 
 brothers and my uncles Armstrong, all held slaves of the 
 African race, more or less. My father held at one time, 
 eight or ten of them. The system, however, existed here 
 in its milder form. The slaves and white laborers associ- 
 ated and worked together, and in all respects fared alike, 
 only that in lodging and messing they were separate. 
 This was the only distinction as regards their domestic 
 treatment ; the blacks feeling as much interest in the pros- 
 perity of the farm and stock as the others. They indeed 
 felt a greater degree of home interest, being in a measure 
 allodial to or indentified with the soil. Yet notwithstand- 
 ing, they were held as chattels and, like other personal 
 property, liable to transfer. And although there was little 
 traffic in slaves, yet enlightened Christian philanthropy 
 began to produce doubts in the minds of the better 
 
76 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 informed, whether it was right to hold their fellow beings 
 in a state of bondage, liable to be bought and sold as 
 cattle. This sentiment growing and strengthening with 
 the increasing light of the age, gradually brought about 
 emancipation. And finally the slaves were set free, an 
 act of the Legislature enjoining the same thing after a 
 limited age.^ 
 
 As a memento of the olden time and as tending also to 
 illustrate a feature in the German character, I will just 
 allude to one or two things by the way, viz: In my 
 younger boyhood, when the old German congregation was 
 in its more flourishing condition, the Rev. Jacob Senn 
 being pastor and old Mr. Kingsbury being chorister, the 
 old gentleman would start and carry out the tune in a 
 peculiarly soft and effeminate voice, which though not 
 unmusical had somewhat of the whistling sound of the 
 whippoorwill, which rendered it peculiarly attractive and 
 interesting. Now along with this we had the full clear 
 musical tones of old Mrs. Swartzwelder, who, throwing 
 her whole soul into the sacred song, would extend her 
 shrill voice so as to fill the whole house, drowning the 
 clerk's clear voice and obscuring those of the whole con- 
 gregation. This last was singing in the true German 
 style. The great contrast between the two when com- 
 bined in one harmonious concert constituted a perform- 
 ance at once both unique and interesting. Still further 
 to bring into view some traits of the foreign German 
 character, I will relate one or two anecdotes. First, of 
 old Mr. Kingsbury above named. He was a tanner as 
 
 ^ By a law passed Feb. 15, 1804, it was enacted that all slaves born 
 after July 4, 1804, should become free on reaching the age of twenty- 
 five years. 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES, 77 
 
 well as a farmer in a small way, and in his code of dis- 
 cipline it was his practice literally to fulfil the divine 
 command and not spare the rod, so that for every devia- 
 tion from the path of rectitude a flagellation was the 
 penalty. The apprentice boys were not long in finding 
 out, by certain unequivocal signs, when the steam was up 
 and what would certainly follow, and accordingly pre- 
 pared for the ordeal in arming themselves with a coat of 
 mail by tying their leather aprons on their backs under 
 their shirts; thus, while gaining to themselves the credit 
 of summary correction, they adroitly shifted the penalty 
 upon the guilty cowhide. Another anecdote bearing 
 upon the same point was the case of an old German 
 widow lady who resided on a very small farm about a 
 mile from Stillwater. She had two children, Henry and 
 Katy Adams. Henry, as industrious a creature as need 
 be, carried on the miniature farm with great neatness and 
 efficiency; Katy, of course, managed the dairy (for they 
 kept several good cows), and attended to the household 
 affairs. The old lady was and had been bedfast for many 
 years; yet, prostrated as she was, she was the ruling spirit 
 of the whole concern. All orders and directions pro- 
 ceeded from her lips. A strict account was also required 
 by her of all the operations on the premises, both indoor 
 and out, and Henry, though some forty years of age, must 
 obey minutely all her instructions. And if he deviated in 
 the smallest degree, even inadvertently, he incurred a 
 severe retribution, for on these occasions the trembling 
 son when summoned to her bedside would receive on his 
 back the infliction of the rod with all the force that a 
 feeble mother's arms could apply it, poor Henry bearing 
 
78 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 the chastisement in all due submission, and I suppose he 
 profited by the discipline. 
 
 I have often wondered how our name came to lose its 
 original German orthography, "Schaefer" (Anglice Shep- 
 herd), and to be changed into the barbarous soubriquet, 
 "Shaver." My grandfather spelled his name Schaeffer, 
 as is seen in ancient documents and records. Why, then, 
 should the strange alteration have been effected? My 
 father doubtless could have explained the matter, but I 
 never thought of making the inquiry, and I suppose there 
 is no one now living who could throw light upon the 
 subject. I have ventured to assume the original, and I 
 hope it will yet be adopted by all my relatives. 
 
 It may not be amiss, perhaps, in this place to say a few 
 words in regard to the animal creation formerly pre- 
 dominating in this part of the country. And first, of 
 quadrupeds, domestic and wild. Of the domestic kind, 
 horses claim the first notice, as the most noble of quadru- 
 peds. They were possessed universally by the farmers, 
 and of stout, strong, serviceable breed, suitable either 
 for the plow, the team, or the saddle. My Uncle Isaac 
 possessed a noble stud horse of high blood, whose foals 
 were a superior race of spirited animals, well adapted for 
 all service. This noble sire, Marquis, was my father's 
 military steed on the western expedition. His usual gait 
 when on the march was that of prancing. He moved 
 majestically, and was very much admired on that occasion, 
 seeming to be proud of his situation and to take delight 
 in keeping step with the martial music. 
 
 The horned cattle were of the ordinary breed of the 
 country, originally, I suppose, from some English stock. 
 The cows yielding rich milk were good for the dairy. 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 79 
 
 The steers, well trained, made fine oxen either for the 
 plow or the team, and both when fattened made excellent 
 beef. Sheep were kept generally by the farmers in 
 moderate numbers. Their wool was ot rather a coarse 
 quality and was generally manufactured in the family and 
 answered well for ordinary domestic purposes. Their 
 lamb and mutton, when well fattened, were good for the 
 table. In the early part of this century^ the breed of sheep 
 was much improved by a cross with the Merinos, which 
 were introduced into the country from Spain and France 
 about that period, and subsequently into many parts of 
 the country from Saxony. Swine were almost universally 
 raised, every household, almost, having its piggery. 
 They were of different qualities, some large and fine, 
 others of an inferior grade. The better grade, well 
 fattened, made excellent pork and hams. The Berkshires 
 and other improved varieties were not introduced until a 
 later period. It was formerly the practice at Stillwater to 
 make what was called "bloodwurst" after this manner, 
 viz : take the finer and more cerous part of the blood, mix 
 with it a due proportion of fat meat cut into small bits, 
 season with salt, pepper, etc.; then put it in sacks made 
 of the larger intestines and boil for say half an hour. 
 When wanted for use, cut it into thin slices and fry, a 
 delicious dish. 
 
 The canine species next claim a passing notice. I 
 suppose they have always been the companions of 
 civilized man. Their prevalence has been universal in 
 our country, every householder having one or more 
 attached to his domicile. They were generally of the 
 large mastiff breed, and useful in the country as a safe- 
 
 * The nineteenth. 
 
80 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 guard to the premises at night, but in the city, where they 
 also abound, they are not only useless but a perfect 
 nuisance, which ought to be abated. The great objection 
 to their existence in the city is their liability to become 
 rabid. For one mad dog may do more mischief in one 
 short hour than all the dogs in creation are worth. 
 
 I will next notice some of the more prominent of the 
 wild animals that formerly inhabited this part of the 
 country. First, of the harmless and useful. Of these the 
 deer stands first in order; good for their venison as well 
 as for their skin. They originally were plentiful in the 
 forests, but as the country became more cleared up and 
 settled, they gradually disappeared. But about twenty- 
 five years since they for some cause reappeared, and were 
 rather plentiful in the mountains, frequently falling vic- 
 tims to the hunter's rifle. Bears may be ranked among 
 the inoffensive beasts, though they are sometimes mis- 
 chievous. They are useful for food as well as for their 
 hide, retaining their hair. They formerly abounded, but 
 have now for many years almost entirely disappeared. 
 Bruin, with many other tenants of the forest, seeks his 
 domicile in the untrod wilderness. The rabbit, the ground 
 hog, raccoon, and squirrel, all abounded formerly to a 
 greater or less extent, but of late years they are less 
 abundant. These are all useful for food — their peltries 
 also in some degree valuable. 
 
 I will next notice some of the mischievous of the wild 
 animals; and first, of the wolf, one of the fiercest and 
 most ferocious of the dwellers in the forest, proverbial 
 for its nightly depredations on sheepfolds. and also prey- 
 ing upon the young of other animals. They have been 
 known even to attack man when a hungry pack of them 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 8l 
 
 would happen to meet a solitary individual in a lonely 
 place at night. It is the opinion of some naturalists that 
 the dog originally sprang from the wolf. In their 
 physical conformation they bear a strong resemblance to 
 each other, and in their character there seems to be not a 
 very remote analogy. The wolf was found numerous and 
 very destructive at an early period of our country's 
 history; but as the forests, their favorite haunt, were 
 cleared up and the country settled, they gradually with- 
 drew to more remote regions. Reynard the fox, though 
 not ferocious like the wolf, is yet more famed for his 
 cunning and equally destructive in his furtive and nightly 
 visitation to the hen roost. Such is his subtlety and 
 mischievous character that he deserves to be ranked 
 among the varmints. Both the wolf and fox are worth- 
 less except for their pelts. 
 
 Now a few words about those animals more properly 
 denominated vermin. First, the mink is a small black 
 sleek creature, whose place of resort is along water 
 courses and low ground. Its depredations are mainly 
 upon eggs, chickens, goslings, ducklings, etc. They were 
 never numerous, and less so now than formerly. The 
 skunk is a remarkable little animal, of a black color and 
 white tail. It is equally prone as the mink to commit 
 ravages upon hens' nests, young chickens, ducks, etc. But 
 their chief peculiarity is their power of emitting a re- 
 markably offensive and subtle odor, which fills the 
 atmosphere for a distance around, its disagreeable fetors 
 continuing to afifect the surrounding air for days together. 
 Their principal means of defence when pursued is to pour 
 out their vials of wrath, and thus in its overwhelming 
 stench, make good their retreat. They burrow about 
 
 [6 
 
82 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 barns and stables and low grounds, and are less numerous 
 than formerly. The muskrat is an amphibious animal, 
 burrowing in the banks of streams, commencing its exca- 
 vation just under the surface of the water. They tunnel 
 it in a direction upward, so as to place their nest, which is 
 made of weeds and grass, out of the reach of the water. 
 Their chief injury is in undermining meadow banks, and 
 the banks of mill races. Their only utility is their peltry, 
 their fur being valuable. They are generally caught by 
 trapping. There are fewer than formerly. 
 
 Of reptiles, I beg to make a few remarks. At an earlier 
 day the country was a good deal infested with them. The 
 only venomous amongst the several kinds were the rattle 
 snake and the pilot, the former having their dens in the 
 caverns of the neighboring rocks, and making their 
 appearance in the spring when the genial rays of the sun 
 would warm them into life. The latter were usually 
 found in the meadows at mowing time. The bite of both 
 these is poisonous, and has sometimes proved fatal, their 
 venom being of an acid character. The best means to 
 counteract its effects was the use of alkalies, as the spirit 
 of ammonia (hartshorn), solution of potash or soda, 
 taken inwardly as well as applied to the wound, or by 
 poultice. These reptiles are rarely seen at the present day. 
 The blacksnake is supposed not to be venomous, and is 
 formidable only from its sneaking propensity to act the 
 boa constrictor. It can move at a rapid rate. He is 
 known to have entwined himself around the neck of an 
 ox with a view to strangle him, and then tap the jugular 
 vein, the poor beast meanwhile running and bellowing 
 for life. The water snake and garter snake are harmless, 
 and scarcely deserve a passing notice. Of all the walk- 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 83 
 
 ing or creeping things in creation, I have the greatest 
 abhorrence for snakes, and am happy to find they are 
 gradually disappearing from the abodes of men. The 
 toad is, I think, classed among the reptiles, but it is harm- 
 less, and at the same time very useful in the garden in 
 catching numerous insects and protecting the tender 
 plants from their depredations. 
 
 Having got through with what I have to say about 
 quadrupeds, both wild and tame, and creeping things, I 
 next proceed to say a few words in relation to the 
 feathered tribes, both domestic as well as some of those 
 less perfectly domesticated. And I would here remark 
 that the preceding and succeeding observations about 
 animals have reference to Stillwater and its vicinity. Of 
 the domestic fowls, the peacock, from the splendor of 
 its plumage and lofty bearing, seems to claim the first 
 notice. From my earliest remembrance they were raised 
 and kept at Stillwater. It is rather a shy bird, light upon 
 the wing, ranging at large over the farm. Their shrill 
 notes are generally an indication of an approaching storm. 
 When he struts and spreads his full-grown tail, forming 
 a semi-circle of about seven or eight feet in diameter, 
 exhibiting all the variegated hues for the rainbow, the 
 show is magnificent. They lay but few eggs, are hardy 
 and easily raised, are useful for the table, but are mainly 
 prized for their beautiful plumage. The neck of the 
 male bird is an elegant mixture of changeable blue and 
 green. 
 
 The turkey is a famous bird; has always been raised 
 at Stillwater— useful almost only for the table. But for 
 this it is pre-eminent. Who does not know the 
 luxury of a fine young roast gobbler with cranberry 
 
84 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 sauce? The domestic bird sprang from the wild turkey, 
 which roams at large in the western wilds and prairies. 
 It is indigenous to America. Dr. Franklin was of opinion 
 that the turkey should have been adopted as the aegis of 
 American liberty instead of the eagle. The common 
 chicken is universally known and possessed, valuable 
 both for its eggs and the table. The shanghais, cochin 
 chinas, etc., have been lately introduced, and improved 
 the breed of fowls very much in size. The cruel practice of 
 caponizing is being to some extent introduced, by which 
 means the size and flavor of the bird are much improved. 
 The Guinea hen was early introduced at Stillwater. It 
 is a pretty bird of dappled gray color, with a lively note 
 of "buckwheat, buckwheat." It is a hardy fowl, easy to 
 raise, useful for its eggs and the table. It was introduced 
 originally from Africa. Tame pigeons have been for a 
 long time cultivated at Stillwater. They are very little 
 trouble to raise. All the care they need is to be provided 
 with a well-sheltered cage and a little grain in the winter 
 season. If well provided for, they will generally lay and 
 hatch two eggs every month, except February. When 
 full grown and ready to fly the squabs are very fat and 
 make a delicious barbecue. They are much on the wing, 
 have no musical note, but are yet very companionable. 
 
 I will now advert for a few moments to birds of pas- 
 sage, of a domestic and social character. And first, of the 
 robin, "sweet robin red-breast," who never fails to make 
 his annual return in early spring to his former abode; 
 taking possession of the orchard and garden, and greeting 
 the domestic circle with his lively chirps. His morning 
 and evening songs are delightful. In the months of May 
 and June at Stillwater it is really enchanting to hear sing- 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 85 
 
 ing of the various kinds of feathered songsters, commenc- 
 ing at the break of day and continuing till after sunrise. 
 It is one unbroken stream of choral sounds, cock robin 
 taking the lead in the performance, followed by the black- 
 bird, the thrush, meadow-lark, pewee, wren, chippie, 
 martin and hosts of others in endless variety, making one 
 universal strain of harmonious song, each to vie with the 
 other who shall raise the highest note of praise to the 
 Great Creator. How often have I listened with rapture 
 to the united burst of morning melody of these feathered 
 songsters in their simple joyous strains uttering praise 
 to the great I Am. Give thanks to Him all ye creatures 
 of His. 
 
 The different varieties of the swallow, as the martin, 
 the barn swallow, chimney and bank swallow, etc., make 
 their regular visits, occupying their former domicile with 
 each returning season and cheering us with lively chatter. 
 The martin in his annual visitation likes to be accommo- 
 dated with a cage. Now a question arises as to the utility 
 of these welcome annual visitors who so delightfully 
 enliven our rural scenery. In return for the very small 
 quantity of fruit consumed, they destroy myriads of 
 insects that prey upon the fruits of the earth. They also 
 devour immense quantities of the larvae of insects and 
 worms. Hence they are more to be commended a thous- 
 and times than the reckless sportsman who goes prowling 
 about the premises in mere wantonness for their destruc- 
 tion. Spare the birds. Spare them for their music, spare 
 them for their utility. It is almost needless to mention 
 other birds of passage, as the whippoorwill, the wood- 
 pecker, bluejay, red-bird, catbird, meadow-lark, etc., etc., 
 all of which have their cheering and enlivening effect, and 
 
86 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 teach lessons of wisdom to man. The pheasant and the 
 quail spend their winters with us. 
 
 I ought, perhaps, before the last-named class, to have 
 spoken of the domesticated aquatic fowls. Of these the 
 goose claims the first attention. There is a considerable 
 variety of the genus Anser. The kind always raised at 
 Stillwater were the large gray variety, good breeders, and 
 useful for their feathers as well as for the table. A young 
 fat roast goose is a savory dish. Ducks were cultivated to 
 some extent formerly at Stillwater. They were large, of 
 a dark gray color, the drakes wearing a beautiful dark 
 green head-dress. They afforded good feathers, but were 
 chiefly esteemed for the table. A young fat roast duck 
 is an inviting and savory dish. 
 
 The only ones of the entomological or insect class that 
 I shall mention are the honey bee and the common house 
 fly. These two insects seem to follow in the track of 
 civilization. Wherever civilized man has fixed his habi- 
 tation these two little busy animals are also found 
 industriously discharging their respective offices. The 
 one for utility exclusively, the other partly beneficial and 
 partly tormenting to both man and beast. The bee is a 
 wonderful creature. It forms its cells in constructing its 
 combs with the greatest mathematical precision in, I 
 think, pentagonal figures, of about five-eighths of an inch 
 in depth, each separated by a septum or partition from 
 a cell corresponding to it on the other side of the comb. 
 When these waxen cells are filled with the delicious fruit 
 of their untiring industry, they are hermetically sealed, 
 so throughout the whole extent of the curiously formed 
 depository, until it is fully charged with that which 
 contributes so essentially to the gratification and nourish- 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 87 
 
 ment of ungrateful man, who, to obtain the avails of 
 their labors, was formerly in the habit of destroying the 
 little meritorious producer thereof by applying the brim- 
 stone.. Modern science, however, has introduced a much 
 improved hive, by means of which the honey can be 
 obtained without killing the bee. 
 
 The utility of the common house fly is to consume the 
 carbonized atmosphere generated by human breaths, as 
 well as other impurities of the air. Its being web-footed 
 enables it to walk upon an upright mirror, or upon the 
 ceiling of a room, where the most impure air of the apart- 
 ment is found. Notwithstanding the above restriction in 
 regard to insects, I think it hardly fair to pass by the three 
 noted household pests in silence, viz: roaches, fleas and 
 ''bedlamites." The first abound greatly in cities, and take 
 up their abode in kitchen closets and fire places, to the 
 great annoyance of housekeepers, delighting in moisture 
 and sweets. It is said the fresh leaves of elder, if strewed 
 in their path, will drive them away. Red wafers will 
 also destroy them to some extent, if broken fine and 
 scattered in their places of resort. 
 
 Fleas abound where swine and the canine species resort. 
 But they prefer, notwithstanding, to cultivate acquaint- 
 ance with the higher order of creation and fatten at the 
 expense of human flesh and blood, at whose cost enjoying 
 their nightly revels. The best remedy after hunting them 
 down is to keep at a distance from those animals from 
 whom they originate. The last-named gentry delight to 
 take up their abode not in the kitchen or out-door apart- 
 ments, but in the bed chamber and beds of good citizens. 
 And if once suffered to get the upper hand, they are a 
 most troublesome pest and hard to be subdued. Various 
 
88 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 remedies have been recommended and tried for the 
 destruction of these vermin, as mercury, turpentine, etc. 
 But, Hke sin, nothing is so effectual to keep them under 
 or within reasonable bounds as daily vigilance, hunting 
 them out and waging an exterminating war. In this I 
 doubt not every careful, prudent and tidy housekeeper will 
 coincide with me. 
 
 In this place I think it well to revert to certain dis- 
 tinguished mercies experienced by several members of 
 our family, in which the hand of God was most signally 
 manifested. The first instance was in the case of my 
 father, who on his return from the city of New Brunswick 
 in the latter part of the winter of 1795 (where he, with 
 other officers, had been to receive the arrearages of their 
 pay for the campaign of the autumn previous) was 
 overtaken in a severe snowstorm in which he contracted a 
 heavy cold, the result of which was a severe fit of sickness 
 which continued for a number of weeks. In the month of 
 April succeeding, the smallpox being introduced into the 
 family, a part of us were inoculated and sent over the 
 way to Uncle Isaac's, to pass through the disease. My 
 father, equally with the rest of us, was to be a subject of 
 the operation, but was not yet thought sufficiently 
 recovered for the ordeal. But it unaccountably so 
 happened that although he was inoculated a couple of 
 weeks after the first parcel of us, that he took the infection 
 the natural way, notwithstanding all our precautions, and 
 so severely that his life was for a time in great jeopardy. 
 Yet the Lord in great goodness spared him yet for a 
 quarter of a century, to the great comfort and benefit of 
 his family. 
 
 The next case of signal divine interposition was in 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 89 
 
 regard to myself, and it was on this wise. In the same 
 spring of 1795, while my father was lying very ill with 
 smallpox, I was sent to Fallmills on an errand, and on my 
 return riding the mare Nance, who had thrown almost 
 every one that had ever ridden her except my father, on 
 rising a little hill she espied a hog nestling in the leaves 
 in the fence corner, and as was her custom, like lightning 
 she started and wheeled round while I, being off my 
 guard, was landed with my head and shoulders resting 
 on the ground. At this juncture the sensible beast, 
 naturally gentle and docile, stood quite still, and for an 
 instant, turning her head, looked earnestly at me as if 
 sympathizing m my mishap, while I in the meantime was 
 endeavoring to soothe her, and reaching up trying to 
 disengage my foot from the stirrup, she, frightened at 
 the awkward predicament I was in, jumped again as if 
 electrified. The fragile girth giving way, very happily 
 released me from my perilous situation ; the creature now 
 making the best of her way home, and I not in the least 
 injured, having obtained assistance at neighbor Swartz- 
 welder's, arrived safely home likewise. 
 
 The next narrow escape I had was when the horses ran 
 away with my eldest sister and myself on a cold winter 
 night, coming home from singing school. The same beast 
 as above, and another spirited animal, had been cruelly 
 left standing out as the custem then was, without blankets, 
 to a rather late hour in the evening, and becoming com- 
 pletely chilled were naturally disposed to move off at a 
 rapid rate. Accordingly, after proceeding about a quarter 
 of a mile, in crossing a little rivulet bridge, the sleigh 
 giving a slight jog, off they started at the top of their 
 speed. My sister instantly took the alarm, and throwing 
 
9° MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 herself out into a snow bank, escaped unhurt. In the 
 meantime I, Gilpin-Hke, stuck to the vehicle till, proceed- 
 ing about 150 yards, the sleigh toppled over, landing me 
 with the body in the fence corner, I receiving only a slight 
 injury in the knee. The horses, the meanwhile, being at 
 full liberty, pursued their course for about three miles 
 until, endeavoring to cut across an angle of the road, they 
 got entangled in the woods, the Nance mare receiving a 
 bad cut in the foot which laid her by for the remainder of 
 the winter. My sister and I made our way back to Uncle 
 Roy's, who very kindly hitched up his sleigh and brought 
 us home, when father and the bound boys turned out in 
 search of the runaways, which they found about a quarter 
 of a mile away from home, as above stated. 
 
 Another incident, more thrilling perhaps than either of 
 the preceding, occurring to me some time afterwards, was 
 on this wise, viz : Being engaged in tending the saw mill 
 and occasionally having help, so while the other person 
 was hoisting the gate I would sportively take hold of the 
 pin attached to the saw frame, and as the mill started 
 slowly, lift myself up a short distance then drop down 
 upon the loose floor of the mill, there being, however, an 
 opening beside the saw frame large enough to let me 
 through. It so happened on one occasion, that instead of 
 lighting on the end of the board as usual, I slipped 
 through the opening into the pitman-hole, about eight 
 feet below, where I lay at the mercy of the great pitman 
 crank slowly coming around threatening to dash me to 
 pieces, while I was struggling to get out of my ugly situa- 
 tion. Just at this critical moment the man at the gate 
 happening to cast his eye down spied me, and instantly 
 shutting the gate saved my life. How signal the care in 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 9 1 
 
 this instance of a protecting Providence. My father, on 
 hearing of the occurrence, remarked there is mercy yet. 
 I escaped, thanks to the Blessed One, without sustaining 
 the least injury. 
 
 The next instance of hair-breadth escapes was of my 
 sister, Sarah, who when a little girl of about nine or ten 
 years of age in returning from Hardwick church on a cold 
 autumnal Sabbath, riding the Nance mare of skittish 
 memory, who, being chilled after long standing, was ripe 
 for a run. My sister being mounted and not well able to 
 restrain the mettlesome beast, off she started, first upon a 
 trot, then to a canter, and from that to a gallop, the rest 
 of us the meanwhile pressing on, striving to overtake her. 
 Sarah now finding the steed unmanageable, as a last resort 
 letting go the reins, clung to the horns of the saddle. 
 Thus in her wild career she passed by a multitude of 
 people riding in the same direction, causing no little 
 anxiety and alarm, until at length a gentleman whom she 
 was passing at full speed, luckily caught hold of the bridle 
 and restrained the beast just at the brow of a steep hill, 
 she having already become frightened at finding no 
 restraint from the rider, and thus my sister was mercifully 
 rescued from her perilous situation. 
 
 The case of my brother Nathan falling into the water 
 wheel was a remarkable instance of Providential inter- 
 ference. It occurred in this wise, viz : Of a cold winter 
 night he was tending the mill. When about eight or nine 
 o'clock he went out to put ice or tallow on the outer 
 gudgeon of the water-wheel, the forebay being all glib 
 with ice, of which, perhaps, he was not aware, his foot 
 slipping, he lost his balance and pitched head foremost 
 into the wheel while in full motion, and striking his fore- 
 
92 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 head, as I suppose, against one of the floats or buckets of 
 the old-fashioned water-'wheel, thence slipping between 
 the buckets, he was floated down the tail race some 
 distance. When recovering in some degree from the stun- 
 ning effects of the fall and wound (the outer table of the 
 frontal bone being badly fractured), he made an attempt 
 to clamber up the steep bank of the mill race. He fell 
 back from debility and loss of blood into the water again, 
 no one being near to render any assistance. In a second 
 attempt, however, he succeeded in gaining the top of the 
 bank, and with difficulty made his way to the store, about 
 a hundred yards distant, all streaming with blood, where 
 he found father and some others, by whose aid he was 
 brought home and taken care of. It was a happy circum- 
 stance that only the outer table of the skull was fractured. 
 That, however, was completely broken in. No particular 
 surgical operation was called for in the case, yet it was 
 many months before he fully recovered. The hand of 
 God was signally interposed in this case. 
 
 Before concluding this reminiscence I shall revert for 
 a short time to the character, government and discipline 
 of my father's family, together with some of the closing 
 scenes of my parents" lives, with some reflections, etc. I 
 know not at what period it was precisely that my parents 
 made a public profession of religion. But it was before 
 my recollection, and I presume it was under the ministry 
 of either Mr. Thatcher or Mr. Condit; the former, I am 
 inclined to think, as there seems from what I have heard 
 to have been a revival there under his ministry. He pre- 
 ceded Mr. Condit a short time. From my earliest remem- 
 brance my father maintained family worship; always on 
 the Sabbath morning and evening — not altogether so 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 93 
 
 regularly on the week days in the former as in the latter 
 part of his life. He always pursued the practice of invok- 
 ing a blessing before meals, and never neglected the 
 scriptural and good old Puritanical rule of returning 
 thanks to the giver of all good for the favors just 
 received. "When thou hast eaten and art full, then thou 
 shalt bless the Lord thy God for the good land which he 
 hath given thee." Deut. viii, lo. Our parents were some- 
 what strict in their discipline, but not rigid; maintaining 
 with dignity and due decorum their authority, thereby 
 securing implicit obedience, at the same time encouraging 
 sufficient freedom of speech and action to preserve mutual 
 confidence. We loved, feared, respected and revered 
 them. In my childhood we were taught at school to 
 answer such Bible questions as. Who was the first man? 
 Who was translated? Who was the oldest man? the 
 meekest man? the father of the faithful? the first martyr? 
 the wisest man? Who built the ark? etc., etc. And when 
 a little older, the Westminster Shorter Catechism. The 
 Bible was our daily class book at school. It is the best 
 reading book, and should never be banished from the 
 school as a class book. The notion that by this means we 
 make children too familiar with its contents and thus 
 lessen their respect for it, is fallacious. It is only the plea 
 of the skeptic and infidel. It was the constant practice of 
 my father in our youth every Sabbath evening to have us 
 go over the whole of the Shorter Catechism, he asking the 
 questions in rotation, closing the evening by singing a 
 psalm or hymn, and prayer, after reading a portion of 
 scripture. 
 
 My father had a sweet melodious voice for singing. 
 How often have I listened to his fine tenor voice, attuned 
 
94 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 to a precious hymn, beguiling- the Sabbath morning while 
 breakfast was preparing. Were sacred music more culti- 
 vated and practiced in the family, the happiest results 
 might be anticipated. Sweet melodious sounds have a 
 wonderful effect in softening and tranquilizing the feel- 
 ings and preparing the heart for devotional exercises. 
 Thus the organ, if properly managed, is capable of doing 
 much in this way. My father always expected the family 
 to go to church on the Sabbath. Horses and vehicles were 
 on hand for that purpose, when all hands hied over the 
 hills to Hardwick meeting house. 
 
 In his domestic habits my father, naturally of a mild 
 and indulgent disposition, was a little strict in his dis- 
 cipline, especially to the bound boys, in regard to whom 
 his course might be a little bordering on German severity. 
 The rod was not spared when dereliction of duty seemed 
 to call for its application. I think I have said in a pre- 
 ceding part of this writing that my father was of rather 
 a modest, retiring disposition. Hence he was not calcu- 
 lated to shine in a public deliberative assembly. And 
 although not remarkable for acuteness or shrewdness of 
 intellect, yet as a military man he excelled. Mounted on 
 a spirited and well-trained horse, he appeared to great 
 advantage ; and in marshaling and manoeuvering his troop 
 or squadron in the field he was in his element, proving 
 himself not only an expert horseman, but likewise an able 
 commander. It suited his taste and genius admirably. In 
 his domestic qualifications, he was in his day a first rate 
 miller,^ an excellent conductor of the farm, a good 
 
 *In 1816 Abraham Shaver and his sons Nathan and Peter had a 
 store, grist-mill, tannery, blacksmith shop, oil mill, carding machines 
 and distillery, at Stillwater, and were largely engaged in farming. 
 They employed a good many people, and among the rest had, in 
 1816, as many as a dozen slaves. — Snell's History of Sussex and 
 Warren Counties. 
 
MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 95 
 
 mechanic, excelling in one not unimportant branch of 
 mechanical art, being an expert carver of roast turkey. 
 
 And now having gone through, though very imper- 
 fectly, with the history of the life and death of my 
 ancestors, I will corxlude these reminiscences and obser- 
 vations. I submit them with all their imperfections to 
 the perusal and indulgent criticism of my friends and 
 relatives as well as their posterity, for whose benefit and 
 entertainment the work was principally undertaken, hop- 
 ing and praying that it may prove a blessing and comfort 
 to them. It is rather remarkable that my ancestors and 
 friends not only possessed the Christian religion, but 
 almost all gave evidence of having died in the faith and 
 have gone to heavenly rest. What a consolation does this 
 afford! Thanks be to God for such an ancestry, who, 
 having filled up the measure of their usefulness in this 
 world, have entered into the rest that remaineth to the 
 people of God. I rejoice that I can trace my lineage to 
 such an ancestry. I esteem it a higher honor to be 
 descended from such parentage than to be allied to the 
 highest dignitaries of earth, if they are without piety. 
 
 June 5, 1855. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES 
 
 t 7 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES 
 
 OF 
 
 Residents of Sussex County 
 
 Now Deceased (1855) 
 
 By REV. CASPER SCHAEFFER, M. D. 
 
 I have often thought it would be desirable to attempt a 
 work of this kind, and I now regret that I had not begun 
 a record of this sort many years ago. The review of such 
 a work would be a matter of great satisfaction: the 
 memory of the departed is in general too apt to be lost 
 sight of by us. I shall begin by placing on the list the 
 names of some of by-gone days, without particular refer- 
 ence to date, only so far as memory may serve to that end. 
 
 Judge John Linn, a native of Hardwick Township, 
 of Irish extraction, after spending the earlier part of his 
 life on his native place, removed with his family to 
 Hardyston, in the upper part of the County, where he 
 purchased a farm and continued to reside the remainder 
 of his days. He married the daughter of the senior 
 Richard Hunt, of Hardwick. Judge Linn was possessed 
 of a strong mind and sound judgment, endowed with 
 talents above mediocrity; so that his influence was not 
 inconsiderable in the community, and of a salutary kind. 
 He represented the district in the United States Con- 
 gress for several terms^ with honor to himself, as well 
 
lOO BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 
 
 as advantage and satisfaction to his constituents. While 
 in Congress in the winter, I think, of 1822 or '23, he was 
 taken ill and died of typhoid fever. His remains were 
 shortly after sent for and brought home to his family. 
 He was a professor of religion, and I think held the office 
 of elder in the Presbyterian church. His age . t his de- 
 cease did not exceed sixty years.^ 
 
 Rev. Joseph L. Shafer, D. D. My dear cousin 
 Joseph was a native of Stillwater, Sussex County, N. J. 
 We were brought up boys together until we left home 
 to go to grammar school, he in 1802 to Lamington, and 
 I to Baskingridge in 1803. He, after graduating at 
 Princeton, turned his attention to the ministry, studying 
 theology with the Rev. Dr. Woodhull, of Freehold, N. J. ; 
 after licensure he preached some time in Hardyston, I 
 think,' and after a short time settled in Newton, where he 
 
 *JoHN Linn, son of Joseph and Martha (Kirkpatrick) Linn, was 
 born Dec. 3, 1763, in Hardwick township. During the Revolutionary 
 War he was first private, then sergeant, in Capt. Manning's Company, 
 Sussex, N. J., Troops. He married May 19, 1791, Martha Hunt, 
 daughter of Richard Hunt, Sr., of Hardwick, who died July 25, 1827, 
 in the 54th year of her age. They had fourteen children. He was 
 sheriff of Sussex Co. and in 1805 was appointed judge of the Court 
 of Common Pleas, serving for sixteen years. He was then elected 
 member of Congress and re-elected for a second term. He died in 
 Washington City, Jan. 5, 1821, of typhoid fever. His remains were 
 brought the whole distance in a sleigh to the North Church cemetery, 
 where he was buried. His sons, Dr. Alexander Linn and Dr. 
 William Helm Linn, were eminent in their profession. His grand- 
 son, William Alexander Linn, son of Dr. Alexander Linn, jour- 
 nalist and author, graduated at Yale, and afterwards became one of 
 the editors of the New York Tribune, and later of the New York 
 Evening Post. He is author of a "Life of Horace Greely," "Story 
 of the Mormons," and of other historical papers. He is now Presi- 
 dent of the People's National Bank at Hackensack, N. J. 
 
 ^"In 181 1 Joseph Linn Shafer, D. D., began his ministry (in the 
 Hardyston Presbyterian Church), giving by agreement one Sabbath 
 out of four to the congregation at Cary's Meeting House, and preach- 
 ing also at Sparta and Newton. He received $132 from the North 
 Church (Hardyston) as their proportion of the salary. In 1815 he 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. lOI 
 
 continued in the successful discharge of his ministerial 
 duties for many years, during which period his labors 
 were very much blessed ; he having been favored with one 
 or two remarkable revivals, in which seasons of refresh- 
 ing many souls were hopefully brought into the Kingdom 
 of Christ. Afterward he removed and settled at Middle- 
 town Point for several years, and then returned again to 
 his old charge at Newton, where he ended his days of 
 pilgrimage and the ministry in November, 1853. Cousin 
 Joseph was eminently a man of prayer, and therein con- 
 sisted the secret of his success in the ministry. My 
 Cousin Joseph was naturally unobtrusive, modest and 
 retiring, and of a very amiable disposition; and although 
 not particularly distinguished for pulpit eloquence, he will 
 doubtless have many seals to his ministry in the day 
 of Jesus Christ. 
 
 Isaac Shafkr, Esq. My cousin Isaac was born at 
 Stillwater, where he resided for a number of years after 
 his mother's decease. The paternal domain falling into 
 other hands, he took up his abode at Newton, where he 
 resided with his family for a number of years, to the close 
 of his life, which was, I think, about 1850. Cousin Isaac 
 married a Miss Turner and raised a family of children. 
 He was a professor of religion, and an efficient advocate 
 of the temperance cause. (Born July 23, 1783; died 
 Dec. 18, 1849). 
 
 Abraham Shafer, Esq. My cousin Abraham Shafer 
 
 ceased to preach in Hardyston and took the exclusive charge at 
 Newton, remaining there as pastor until his death, with the excep- 
 tion of two years spent at Middletown Point." See "Hardyston 
 Memorial," etc., by Alanson A. Haines, Pastor, Newton, N J 1888 
 pa^e 137. 
 
I02 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 
 
 was about eight years older than myself. He married 
 very young, at the age of about nineteen years; his 
 first wife was my cousin Sally Beavers. They had two 
 sons : she died in child-bed with the second. His second 
 wife was my cousin Lydia Armstrong, from which 
 union sprang several children, sons and daughters. 
 Cousin Abraham's premature death occurred in 1824, at 
 the age of forty-eight years ; it resulted from a severe fall, 
 which shocked and bruised him internally, and from neg- 
 lect of being bled at the time, mortification ensued. He 
 was a man of business and of sterling integrity. Although 
 a regular and constant attendant at church, yet he never 
 to my knowledge made a public profession of religion. 
 He lost his second wife and remained a widower a num- 
 ber of years before his decease. 
 
 Dr. David Hunt. He was a son of Richard Hunt, of 
 Hardwick, Sussex County, N. J. He studied medicine 
 with Dr. Linn, of Newton, after whose death he assumed 
 the extensive practice of more than twenty-five miles in 
 range, and pursued the laborious and thankless business 
 for near forty years. Literally living by day and by night 
 on horseback until no longer able to keep the saddle, he 
 took to his vehicle until the breaking down of a naturally 
 robust constitution obliged him to relinquish the pursuit. 
 He then lingered along for several years in an enfeebled 
 state of health, until he ended his earthly career in pul- 
 monary consumption. The doctor had never made a 
 profession of religion; but disease and bodily infirmity, 
 it is thought, brought him to serious reflection, giving 
 ground to hope that he may have made his peace with God 
 before his departure. His decease took place some 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. IO3 
 
 twenty years since. He married my cousin Sally Roy; 
 they had three daughters. The mother and second daugh- 
 ter died many years before their husband and father. 
 
 Dr. Elijah Everett resided in the township of Hard- 
 wick. He was a practitioner in that region, having 
 studied the healing art with Dr. Samuel Kennedy. He 
 married the daughter of Joseph Gaston, Esquire. He was 
 a professor of religion, and died at the age of about 
 seventy-five years, in the year 1851. 
 
 Dr. Palmer, originally of Connecticut, came to Hard- 
 wick about 1 80 1, taught school for some time, and 
 studied medicine in the meantime with Dr. Kennedy. He 
 had a ready tact in his profession and was a good prac- 
 titioner, considering his limited opportunities for acquir- 
 ing medical instruction. He married Betsy, eldest 
 daughter of Judge John Armstrong. He practiced first 
 in Hardwick, and subsequently settled in Hope, where he 
 died about 1812 or 1813. 
 
 Levi Howell, residing in the lower part of Hardwick 
 Township, Sussex County, N. J., was an excellent, pious 
 man, and a local preacher in the Methodist connection. 
 He was for a number of years a member of the Legis- 
 lature. He was a little eccentric, but an honest, upright 
 man, and zealous for the truth as he apprehended it. He 
 died in a good old age, say seventy-five years, about 1820. 
 
 Major Henry Duzenbury, resident at New Hamp- 
 ton. Hunterdon County, N. J., engaged in mercantile 
 pursuits and possessed a large property in that region. 
 He resided for several years, in the latter part of his life, 
 in Philadelphia, engaged in mercantile pursuits. While 
 
I04 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 
 
 there he sustained some heavy pecuniary losses. The old 
 gentleman's great aim through life was to accumulate 
 wealth, in which he was very successful, being rather close 
 in his dealings, and shrewd in making a bargain : yet 
 esteemed a fair and upright dealer. Mr. Duzenbury re- 
 turned with his family to New Hampton some years 
 previous to his decease, which occurred about 1825 or 6, 
 aged about seventy years. 
 
 Joseph Gaston, Esq., of Irish descent and originally 
 from Western Pennsylvania, resided in Hardwick Town- 
 ship, Sussex County, N. J. He married Miss Linn, sister 
 to Judge Linn. They had two daughters, one of whom 
 married Dr. Elijah Everett; the other married the Rev. 
 John Boyd, pastor of Hardwick church. He was esteemed 
 a judicious, upright man; he died of bilious colic, about 
 the year 1803 or 4, aged about sixty-five years. 
 
 Joseph Demund, a native, I think, of Sussex County, 
 was brought up by my Uncle Peter B. Schaeffer in his 
 mill. He was an excellent miller as well as an ingenious 
 mechanic. For his third wife he married the widow of 
 my Uncle Isaac Schaeffer, about the year 1801. He then 
 resided at Stillwater for a number of years, where he 
 drove on the distilling business upon a large scale. He 
 ultimately removed to Lower Sandusky, in Ohio, where 
 he died in very reduced circumstances, aged, 1 suppose, 
 between sixty and seventy years. He was a professor of 
 religion. 
 
 John Locke, Esq.^ He resided in the lower part of 
 
 ^ He was the son of Capt. Francis Locke, ist Battalion Somerset 
 Militia, who was killed at Elizabethtown, N. J., Sept. 15, 1777. For 
 list of his descendants, see Armstrong Record. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. IO5 
 
 Hardwick, and was a tailor by trade. After pursuing that 
 business a number of years, he purchased a farm and 
 turned his attention to agriculture, and was a very indus- 
 trious, economical and thriving farmer. He married 
 Rachel, eldest daughter of the late George Armstrong, 
 Esq. He died in 1832 or 33. Mr. Locke, although 
 esteemed in his younger days for his gallantry and polite 
 attention to ladies' society, was in his more advanced 
 years content to become a laborious farmer. 
 
 James Reeder, Esq., who was a native of Hardwick 
 and a polite gentlemanly person, was about 1801, 2 and 3 
 engaged in mercantile business at Johnsonburg. He 
 married my cousin Euphemia Beavers. They afterwards 
 settled at Wilkesbarre, where they resided a number of 
 years, and subsequently removed to the State of Ohio, 
 where he died some three years ago, aged probably about 
 seventy-seven or seventy-nine years, maintaining, as I 
 understand, a goodly profession of faith in the Redeemer 
 and sustaining the office of elder of the Presbyterian 
 church. 
 
 General Aaron Hankinson was an old resident in 
 Hardwick Township near Stillwater, a farmer by occupa- 
 tion, an elder and leading member of the Hardwick 
 church, and at one time chorister of the same. The old 
 gentleman was a good kind of man. He was blessed with 
 a numerous offspring, raising to full maturity seven sons 
 and five daughters. The daughters all married pretty 
 well. The old gentleman was very much afflicted in the 
 latter years of his life with inflammatory rheumatism, 
 which rendered him in a measure helpless. He died at 
 rather an advanced age, about 1802 or 3. 
 
106 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 
 
 Mrs. Merckle. A worthy and respectable old Ger- 
 man lady, our near neighbor at Stillwater; whose only 
 daughter, Lizzy, married the Rev. Jacob Senn, who 
 officiated as pastor of the German church at Stillwater 
 for many years. Mrs. Merckle was a pious lady and an 
 amiable, excellent neighbor. In the latter period of her 
 life she resided with her grand-daughter, Mrs. Cassady, 
 above Newton. Her death occurred probably twenty 
 years since. 
 
 Daniel Stuart, Esq.^ He emigrated at rather an early 
 period of life from his native Erin. He was in his own 
 country educated for a Roman Catholic priest. He settled 
 at an early day at Newton, where for many years he was 
 engaged in mercantile business in company with John 
 Holmes, Esq., a countryman of his. Mr. Stuart possessed 
 talent above mediocrity, close in his dealings, but fair; of 
 good, moral principles; a Jeffersonian democrat and a 
 shrewd politician. He was for many years Surrogate of 
 the County. He was somewhat inclined to scepticism at 
 one period of his life, but afterward renounced Romanism 
 and, I think, gave reason to hope that he died a true 
 Christian. He died without issue, some twenty-five years 
 ago. 
 
 John Johnson, Esq. He was a native of Sussex 
 County and a son of the venerable and respected "old 
 Henry Johnson. "^ John was, I think, the third of six 
 
 * Died December, 1822 ; was President of the Sussex Bank, and 
 Surrogate for nineteen years, having been appointed December 2, 
 1803. 
 
 'Captain Henry Johnson, son of Coart and Charity (Lane) John- 
 son, was born at Readington, Hunterdon Co., N. J., Oct. 5, 1737. He 
 was an officer in the Revolutionary War, first as Quartermaster of 
 the 2d Regiment, Sussex Co. Militia, and afterwards as Captain of 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. IO7 
 
 sons born to the old gentleman. His first wife was my 
 cousin Hannah Roy, by whom he had five daughters, the 
 eldest of whom only is now living (Miss Susan). Mrs. 
 Johnson died about the year 1802, of consumption. His 
 second wife was my sister Polly, the eldest of our family : 
 they were married in 1804. They had three children, 
 JelYerson, Whitfield, and Catharine. My sister died in 
 child-bed with her daughter, in the spring of 1808. Mr. 
 Johnson's third wife was the widow of the late Thos. 
 Anderson, of Newton, by whom he had no issue. He 
 commenced business at an early period in the mercantile 
 line; he then kept the largest hotel in Newton for many 
 years, and was clerk of the county for two terms. He 
 was a respecter of religion ; as a politician he was an active 
 Democrat of the JefTersonian school, and exerted a very 
 considerable influence in the county.^ 
 
 Mrs. John Johnson, of Newton. She was the third 
 wife of Mr. Johnson and previously the widow of the 
 
 the 13th Company of the same Regiment, Col. John Steward com- 
 manding. In 1783 he was collector of the township of Newton, 
 Sussex Co. He was one of the founders of the Presbyterian church 
 at Newton. N. J., and an elder of the church from its organization 
 until his death. He died at Frankford, Sussex Co., Jan. 5, 1826. and 
 is buried in the old graveyard at Newton. His wife, Susannah 
 Hover, died Nov. 30, 1791. They had six sons, viz: Henry, Jr., 
 David and Jonathan (twins), John, Samuel, and William, and two 
 daughters, one of whom was the wife of Van Tile Coursen. and the 
 other the wife of John Van Deren. His second wife was Ann Van 
 Est, whom he married in 1795. They had a daughter, Susanna, who 
 married John Hover, and went to Ohio. 
 
 'John Johnson, born at Newton. Sept. 5. 1764, died Feb. 8, 1829. 
 He was an extensive land owner at Newton, and held a number of 
 public offices. Was postmaster at Sussex Court House (Newton), 
 1793, member of the Assembly from Sussex County 1804-5, County 
 Clerk Sussex County, 1805-15, and Judge of Court of Common Pleas 
 1816-25. He built and occupied the house on High Street, Newton, 
 facing the Ridge Road, which was known as "Monticello." He is 
 buried in the old graveyard at Newton. 
 
108 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 
 
 late Thomas Anderson, Esq., of Newton. She was a lady 
 of cultivated intellect, refined taste and manners, amiable 
 disposition and exemplary piety. Her sound judgment 
 and discretion were evinced in the manner in which she 
 trained and brought up the two sons of Mr. Johnson: 
 William Jefferson and Whitfield Schaeffer. Their well 
 sustained character and gentlemanly deportment, as well 
 as piety, are a standing monument of her excellence of 
 character and good management. She died, leaving no 
 issue, some fifteen or eighteen years since (about 1841). 
 
 William Johnson, Esq. He was a brother of John, 
 above named, and the youngest of the six sons of the late 
 Henry Johnson, senior, of Newton. William was more 
 talented than any of his brothers. He was naturally of a 
 sprightly disposition ; a little volatile in his youth, but had 
 a tact for business, which was well improved in subse- 
 quent life, when engaged in mercantile business in New 
 York, where he acquired a handsome property. His 
 health, however, at length declining, he closed his busi- 
 ness, purchased a farm and resided for the remainder of 
 his days in Lebanon, Hunterdon County, N. J., engaged 
 in agriculture. He died some fifteen years ago; I trust, 
 in the full faith of the gospel. I suppose his years did 
 not much exceed fifty at his demise. 
 
NATHAN ARMSTRONG 
 
 (Reprinted from the "Armstrong Record," by W. C. Armstrong) 
 
 Nathan Armstrong, the pioneer, was born about 
 17 1 7, near Londonderry, in the province of Ulster, Ire- 
 land. He was a weaver by trade, a Scotch-Irishman by 
 race, and a Protestant by religious faith. At the time of 
 his emigration he was unmarried and about twenty-three 
 or five years of age. He lived several years in the central 
 part of New Jersey; about 1744 he went to the north- 
 westerly part of the province, to a section known as the 
 Hardwick Patent, and worked at his trade near the 
 present village of Johnsonburg. Here he married 
 Uphamy Wright, a Scotch-Irish maiden. Their oldest 
 child, Elizabeth, was born March 12, 1747. 
 
 He bought a tract of uncleared land of Col. Jonathan 
 Hampton and built on it a log-cabin; he moved on his 
 plantation May 17, 1748, and became a farmer. At this 
 time he was thirty-one or two years of age. The old 
 Homestead is one mile northwest of Johnsonburg, in the 
 township of Frelinghuysen, county of Warren, New 
 Jersey. Here he spent the remainder of his life — twenty- 
 nine years of health, industry and thrift. During the 
 panic of 1755, caused by Indian outrages on the Jersey 
 frontier, Nathan took his wife and children to Marksboro 
 every evening and passed the night in a block-house that 
 had been erected at that place. He was interested in local 
 affairs, held several offices in the township of old Hard- 
 
I 10 NATHAN ARMSTRONG. 
 
 wick, and was a member of the Board of Justices and 
 Freeholders of Sussex County. He was a member of the 
 Church of England, and took an active part in the organ- 
 ization and establisLiiicnt of Christ Church at Newton, 
 New Jersey. The parish was organized October 20, 
 1769; its charter bears date August 15, 1774, and con- 
 tains the name of Nathan Armstrong as one of the 
 original incorporators. He died on Monday, Augnst 11, 
 1777, and was buried on the farm of Samuel Green. He 
 made his will during his last sickness. Uphamy died on 
 Saturday, January 12, 181 1, at the age of eighty-six, and 
 rests by the side of her husband. Their daughter Sarah 
 married Col. Abraham Shafer. 
 
CAPTAIN ALEXANDER C. SHAFFERS 
 
 Alexander Castner Shaffer, son of Peter B. 
 
 Shafer, received his first education in the school at Still- 
 water; then he went two years to the Blairstown 
 Academy, and after that three years to the Newton 
 Collegiate Institute. He belonged to the famous Harris 
 Light Cavalry. At the solicitation of Mr. W. C. Arm- 
 strong, he wrote out a short account of his experience in 
 the war. The thrilling narrative is given in the hero's 
 own language. Captain Shaffer writes as follows : 
 
 "1 was living at my home in Stillwater. One night in 
 July, 1 86 1, I was awakened from my slumbers by my old 
 classmate at the Newton Collegiate Institute, George V. 
 Griggs. He informed me that Kilpatrick had arrived in 
 Newton that day with authority from the War Depart- 
 ment to recruit a regiment of cavalry. He asked me to 
 assist hmi in raising a company for the regiment. We 
 discussed the matter for the balance of the night, and the 
 next morning he left me with the assurance that I would 
 join him in getting up a company. I at once commenced 
 winding up my business affairs, and in a short time we 
 succeeded in raising a company known as Company A, 
 the first one raised in the regiment. Company B was 
 also organized in Sussex, the two forming the first squad- 
 ron of the regiment. We went with the enlisted men at 
 
 ^This narrative is reprinted in part from the "Armstrong Record" 
 Captam Shaffer however, has recently (Jan., 1907) kindly revised 
 and re-wntten the story for the purposes of this publication 
 
112 CAPTAIN ALEXANDER C. SHAFFER. 
 
 once to New York, where the regimental headquarters 
 were. 
 
 "We were mustered into the United States service on 
 August lo, 1 86 1, for three years, or during the war, being 
 the first cavalry mustered in for three years, J. Mansfield 
 Davies being colonel and Judson Kilpatrick lieutenant- 
 colonel. We were finally assigned to New York State as 
 the Second New York Cavalry, and our regiment was 
 commissioned by the Governor of that State and was 
 popularly known as the Harris Light Cavalry. Since our 
 regiment consisted of companies from several States, the 
 two companies from Sussex, A and B, were designated 
 as the New Jersey squadron. 
 
 "My squadron, under the command of Captain Duifie, 
 who was the captain of my company, was soon detached 
 from the regiment, then lying at Washington, and 
 ordered to the neighborhood of Poolesville, Md., as escort 
 to General Baker, who was then the United States Senator 
 from Oregon and in command of the California brigade. 
 We were there but a short time when occurred the battle 
 of Ball's Bluff, and the death of General Baker. This was 
 my first experience under fire. After his death his escort 
 recrossed the river with his body. This was in the eve- 
 ning, and I began to assist in ferrying the wounded and 
 retreating soldiers over the river in a large flatboat, a 
 huge unwieldly affair, giiided and propelled by means of a 
 tow line from a canal boat stretched across the stream. I 
 continued at this work until one or two hours after mid- 
 night, when, being thoroughly exhausted and wet through 
 by a continuous rain, I was obliged to give up. 
 
 "The first or second boat-load returning after that, the 
 line parted in the middle of the river. The boat, loaded 
 
CAPTAIN ALEXANDER C. SHAFFER. 1 1 3 
 
 to the gunwales and the current being very swift, at once 
 capsized and sank. My impression is that the entire load, 
 some sixty or eighty, were drowned. 
 
 "We were soon ordered to join our regiment, then 
 stationed at Arlington, and were a part of the First Army 
 Corps under Major-General McDowell, whose headquar- 
 ters during the winter of 1861-62 were in the Arlington 
 House. We remained there until the following spring, 
 when the army under Major-General McClellan went to 
 the peninsula, our corps covering his right flank during 
 his march up the Chickahominy. We were stationed at 
 Fredericksburg, Va. 
 
 "During the summer our regiment, under Colonel Kil- 
 patrick, was engaged in frequent raids in the rear of the 
 Confederate army, destroying large quantities of military 
 supplies and the railroads in the vicinity of Richmond. 
 Among the prisoners taken by us was Captain Mosby, the 
 celebrated guerilla. 
 
 "On McClellan's retreat we took part under Major- 
 General Pope in all the engagements from the Rapidan to 
 the defences of Washington, and in the Maryland cam- 
 paign under McClellan. Sufifice it to say that the com- 
 mand as a regiment and in detachments participated in 
 over 140 engagements, the records of the War Depait- 
 ment showing that it exceeded any other cavalry regiment 
 m the war, furnishing two major-generals and five or six 
 brigadiers. My active campaigning came to an end in the 
 fall of 1863, a few months after the close of the Gettys- 
 burg campaign. At that time General Lee was endeavor- 
 ing to pass Meade's right flank and get between him and 
 the defences of Washington. Meade, uncertain of the 
 movement, was slowly falling back, and orders were sent 
 
I 14 CAPTAIN ALEXANDER C. SHAFFER. 
 
 to General Kilpatrick to ascertain the exact whereabouts 
 of Lee's army. 
 
 "It was impossible to send a large force, so my squad- 
 ron was selected, and the command given to Captain 
 Griggs. About noon on a bright Sunday in October, 
 during a halt in the streets of Culpeper, we received cur 
 orders to cut through the Confederate cavalry, which was 
 then pressing our rear guard back. We had fallen back 
 that morning from the Rapidan about ten miles, contest- 
 ing the ground with the enemy the entire distance, so that 
 every man felt what we were undertaking. After a 
 good-by and a God-speed from all the officers of the com- 
 mand, the order was given, 'Head of column, right about 
 wheel' Being thoroughly familiar with the country, we 
 avoided roads except to cross them. At every crossing 
 we saw or met straggling squads of the enemy "s cavalry; 
 these we were strong enough to push out of our way, 
 when we would again take to the woods and by-paths. 
 After some ten or twelve miles we came to the pike near 
 James City, skirting the base of the mountains and com- 
 pletely around Meade's right flank. This we found solid 
 with marching infantry and artillery. 
 
 "We pushed up to within a short distance till we could 
 plainly distinguish their colors, and until they recognized 
 us and halted their column and commenced to deploy 
 skirmishers to engage us. As we had accomplished our 
 aim, we at once fell leisurely back till hid from view. So 
 far all well, not a man lost or wounded, but we all knew 
 the worst was to come; from fifteen to twenty thousand 
 cavalry had been gathering by different roads in our rear 
 during our march. The constant booming of artillery 
 behind us told us they were there. Having halted our 
 
CAPTAIN ALEXANDER C. SHAFFER. 115 
 
 command, and having explained to them what to report if 
 any got through, and that they must get through or die 
 trymg, we resumed our retreat, and were just entering the 
 outskirts of Culpeper when the advance fired and fell 
 back upon the main column. The town was held by a 
 division of Confederate cavalry. The cannonading and 
 carbine rattle, with the cheers of the charging columns 
 showed that the rear of the Union army was not far away! 
 "A hasty consultation with Griggs and order, 'To the 
 right charge,' and we were dashing through a stretch of 
 woods, Griggs leading the right flank, and myself on the 
 left. 
 
 "Being on the right, to pass to the left, after the order 
 was given, threw me slightly to the rear. Emerging from 
 the woods we came upon another division of cavalry 
 entering Culpeper by another road which we were com- 
 pelled to cross. Continuing our charge on their line, they 
 opened and allowed us to pass through; but as we went 
 through they gave us a terrible enfilading fire on the 
 flanks. Being slightly in the rear, I received more than 
 my share, and my horse reared and plunged and fell dead 
 upon me, Griggs falling mortally wounded on the other 
 flank (October ii, 1863). After giving me a few ran- 
 dom pistol-shots as I lay, the Confederate troopers came 
 up and assisted me to rise by dragging my horse off me. 
 1 was then marched, with two more of our men whose 
 horses had also been shot in the charge, into Culpeper 
 where we were put into a building with quite a number of 
 prisoners, the day's capture. During the night the 
 prisoners were turned out and marched to the rear. Find- 
 ing a little bunch of straw, I got one of my men to cover 
 me with it, and they marched off with the others without 
 
Il6 CAPTAIN ALEXANDER C. SHAFFER. 
 
 discovering me. I at once made my escape, and on get- 
 ting out of the town concluded to pass their right flank 
 and cross the Rappahannock River at United States Ford, 
 some ten miles down. After marching nearly all night, 
 and supposing I had passed their flank, I came, unper- 
 ceived by me, upon a mounted picket and was recaptured. 
 When I was turned over to the Provost Marshal who had 
 charge of me the night previous, he expressed much 
 delight on seeing me and told me my escape had caused 
 him much regret. He said he was well acquainted with 
 my regiment, but seldom had the pleasure of meeting any 
 in the condition I then was. He gave me a special escort 
 to Richmond and Libby, impressing upon my keeper the 
 necessity of watching me closely, that there must be no 
 more escapes. Prison life in Libby has been so frequently 
 described that I will pass over my winter's sojourn in that 
 famous prison, merely mentioning that during the winter 
 I suffered terribly from an old wound in my arm received 
 in the Gettysburg campaign. The Confederate surgeons 
 wished to amputate, but I fought for a postponement, and 
 finally a small sliver of bone worked out and I soon re- 
 covered. I was confined, during the fourteen months of 
 my imprisonment, first in Libby Prison, whence I escaped 
 through the famous 'Libby Tunnel,' only to be recap- 
 tured; then in Richmond, Macon, Ga., Charleston, S. 
 C, and lastly Columbia, S. C, from which place I made 
 my fourth and successful escape, together with Lieu- 
 tenants Nice and Hopper of my regiment. The first night 
 out Nice was taken with chills and fever and had to give 
 up and go back to the Confederate prison. About one 
 hundred miles on our way we were joined by two Ohio 
 officers who escaped about the time we did. From there 
 
CAPTAIN ALEXANDER C. SHAFFER. I 1 7 
 
 on we four made the tramp together. One of the Ohioans 
 was skilled in woodcraft and often he would gather leaves 
 in the swamp and boil them, making tea which was a 
 great nourishment to us. Our route was west toward 
 Sherman's Hnes in Atlanta. Our guide was the north 
 star, which we would find by the aid of the great dipper. 
 For two successive nights it was cloudy and rained and 
 we wandered into the vast barrens of North Georgia, 
 where we nearly perished, as we could find no clearings or 
 habitations. On nearing Atlanta we struck the Confed- 
 erate pickets, which we flanked, and on getting into the 
 city found Sherman not there, but a brigade of Wheeler's 
 Cavalry. Here occurred one of the most trying incidents 
 of our escape. We had taken refuge in one of the few 
 houses not burned and had hidden ourselves in a room 
 in the second story. We had been there but a short time 
 when we heard a party of soldiers in the room below 
 who had sought refuge from the sleet and snow. The 
 only exit from our room was by a stairway leading into 
 the room below, which we had to cross to reach the street 
 door. We found in our room two heavy post bedsteads, 
 which we took down and used to thoroughly barricade 
 the door as soon as we heard the Confederates enter the 
 house. 
 
 "During the long day they made numerous efforts to 
 enter our room, but our all bracing against the door and 
 with the help of our barricade we kept them out without 
 their suspecting the presence of anyone inside. This 
 worked all right until about one hour before dark, when 
 a large party having attempted to enter one of them re- 
 marked as they were leaving the door, 'Fellows, we will 
 go back to camp and get our things, then come back and 
 
I 1 8 CAPTAIN ALEXANDER C. SHAFFER. 
 
 break in this door. We can get good quarters here out of 
 the storm.' 
 
 '^We now knew that we must leave, and that quickly, 
 and take our chances of getting through the room below 
 safely — a pretty desperate hope. We removed our barri- 
 cade silently to prevent those still remaining below from 
 hearing anything. Then getting together as closely as 
 possible, we quietly descended the stairs, which landed us 
 into the lower room at one side of the fire place. The 
 street door was on the other side. We found the room 
 occupied by fifteen or twenty men, some sitting and some 
 lying on the floor, a bright light from the fire gleaming 
 over them. On seeing us some raised up, but we had to 
 step over a number who lay asleep. Although we all wore 
 our uniforms, they evidently took us for a portion of their 
 own party. As we neared the door they began to grow 
 very much excited, but, as the Lord willed it, were not 
 halted and gained the door. We did not dare to speak to 
 them, although their expressions began to indicate very 
 plainly the unspoken question, 'Who are you?' A few 
 doors from the house was a street corner, which we 
 turned. About a rod ahead we saw a crowd of ten or 
 twelve coming with all their accoutrements, undoubtedly 
 the very party who were to occupy our recent quarters. 
 While our hearts stood still, there was nothing left to do 
 but to march bravely on. 
 
 On meeting us they halted and surveyed us most 
 searchingly. I was slightly to the rear, and the last one 
 of them looked at me so fiercely that I was forced to say, 
 'Howdy.' 
 
 "He stared but said nothing, and in a moment more we 
 had passed them. Just ahead was the burned district. 
 
CAPTAIN ALEXANDER C. SHAFFER. II9 
 
 where there was nothing but a forest of bare chimneys 
 standing. As soon as we were out of sight we went to 
 the nearest chimneys and crawled up into the fireplace 
 openings, remaining there until good dark. We then 
 flanked the pickets once more and escaped from the city, 
 striking the railroad leading to the Chattahoochie River. 
 'The night was bitter cold and a furious snow storm 
 beat in our faces, so that we nearly perished. I was now 
 barefooted and very thinly clad. Frequently we would 
 have to lie in the shelter of railway cuts piled one on top 
 of the other until we got slightly warm, then plodding on 
 again. This we kept up until daylight, when, six miles 
 from Atlanta, we reached the river. There we found the 
 bridge burned, a wide rapid river to cross and six inches 
 of snow covering the earth. We started down the river 
 and about a mile from the railway, in the mouth of a little 
 creek, we found a small boat. It would hold only two 
 and was very unsafe at that in so swift a stream. Being 
 our only chance we determined to risk it, and were finally 
 all safe on the opposite shore. Not finding Sherman, we 
 thought that he had been defeated and driven back toward 
 Chattanooga. Wet, cold and nothing to eat for several 
 days, the prospect ahead was not very encouraging. We 
 tramped along the road toward Marietta through Sher- 
 man's old camps of the summer before, picking up now 
 and then a stray pork rib bone, which we would pound 
 with rocks and add to our slender bill of fare. At last 
 we met an old countryman in one of the camps and we 
 made for him. We told him we were Confederate cavalry 
 following up the Yankees to steal horses, ours having 
 been killed. He said the Yankees under Sherman had 
 gone in the opposite direction toward Macon and 
 
I20 CAPTAIN ALEXANDER C. SHAFFER. 
 
 Savannah. This was a great reUef to us, as we felt that 
 we would not have any large bodies of Confederate troops 
 to avoid. The mile stones along the track said one hun- 
 dred and forty miles to Chattanooga. Could four living 
 skeletons ever hold out to reach that? It was a barren, 
 desolate country, the armies having fought over it the' 
 previous summer. The inhabitants were all gone. Once 
 in emerging from a sharp bend in a railway cut, we came 
 right in view of a guerrilla company only a short dis- 
 tance ahead. They had seen us, so it was too late to go 
 back. We told them that we were deserters from the 
 39th Ohio, a conscript regiment in Sherman's army; that 
 we had thrown away our muskets at Decatur and were 
 trying to get through to Canada until the war was over; 
 that we did not believe in fighting to free the niggers, 
 etc.. They believed us, so we begged a little corn bread 
 from them and then as soon as possible bade them adieu. 
 If they had had any idea who we were we would have 
 been hanged from the telegraph poles in short order. 
 After this we always tried to travel as much as possible 
 after dark to avoid similar encounters. 
 
 "One night, when we were all nearly famished, I sud- 
 denly struck my foot against something soft. I went on 
 a few steps, when my curiosity turned me back and I 
 found that I had stumbled over a large fat opossum. This 
 gave us a feast and enabled us to make many a mile on our 
 journey. 
 
 "So far the railway had been torn up and the rails 
 heated and twisted around the trees along the way. We 
 now struck the road in good order, and from our hiding 
 place one day saw a group of Confederates going up the 
 track with a small hand car. We determined that when 
 
CAPTAIN ALEXANDER C. SHAFFER. 121 
 
 night came we would capture this and make better time 
 toward the Union Hnes. We started out as soon as dark- 
 ness fell, and a mile or so on found the car unguarded by 
 the side of the track. Our hearts leaped with joy, for we 
 saw now a welcome change from our weary march. It 
 was a very dark night when we started, and we made 
 famous time for a few miles. Suddenly we came to a 
 dreadful jolt. The car stopped, canting to one side, and 
 nearly throwing us all off. We found that we had run 
 for some distance out on the rails of a bridge that had 
 been burned. The car hung on the ends of the rail fifty 
 or more feet above the rocky bed of the river. Had these 
 rails not been slightly spread by the heat and so checked 
 our car, our journey would have had a sad and sudden 
 ending. We had a most difficult task to crawl from the 
 car along the rails back to the bank. Our bright anticipa- 
 tions were suddenly dashed. Daylight revealed to us 
 that we were on the banks of a deep river, the Etowah. A 
 large scow that Sherman had used for ferrying his artil- 
 lery lay on the shore, near at hand, one end stove in. By 
 loading the other end with heavy rocks, we so raised the 
 broken end above the water that we could use it for cross- 
 ing. It was a most unwieldy affair. Only a short 
 distance below we could see the rocks in the river and hear 
 the roar of the rapids, and even where we were the current 
 drcM' us rapidly down. We managed to make the oppo- 
 site bank, which rose almost perpendicular from the 
 water. The others all jumped as we struck, but I being 
 very stiff and feeble could not jump with them, and their 
 jumping pushed the flat from the bank. I made all the 
 effort in my power and landed half in the water and half 
 on the bank; a few inches less and I would have sunk - 
 
122 CAPTAIN ALEXANDER C. SHAFFER. 
 
 the swift water. I managed to cling to some roots and 
 twigs until my comrades could reach me and draw me up 
 onto the bank. At the next river we found a covered 
 bridge, but on the embankment leading to it was posted 
 a Confederate picket. We crawled as near as we could 
 and watched. The reserve just below the embankment 
 had a grand fire burning, and as it was very cold the 
 picket finally joined them. We instantly began to creep 
 along the embankment, and so reached the bridge. The 
 light from the camp fire blinded them, as we supposed it 
 would, so they did not see us, although we passed so close 
 that they could have reached out and touched us with their 
 guns. The other end of the bridge was unguarded. 
 
 "We finally reached our lines at Dalton, Ga. My boots 
 had given out on the third day after leaving Columbia, so 
 I made almost the entire trip barefooted, often for days 
 over the frozen ground. The soles of my feet were raw, 
 the skin worn off, and my ankles so swollen that they 
 would not bend, the swelling extending above my knees. 
 
 "After the long days of starvation my stomach was un- 
 able to retain any food. I went to the army hospital in 
 Chattanooga, and would have died there had not two 
 army surgeons, Drs. Loomis and Brownley, proved the 
 good Samaritans and taken me to their quarters. Under 
 their skilful treatment I improved rapidly. 
 
 "From there I went to Knoxville, Tenn. Hood, who 
 was then on his march to Nashville, held the railroad in 
 rear of Chattanooga, and my escape from there was cut 
 off. Finding myself penned, I again took up the march, 
 this time on horseback, from Knoxville across the Cum- 
 berland mountains through Big Creek Gap. I struck the 
 Union forces again at Lexington, Ky., another three hun- 
 
CAPTAIN ALEXANDER C. SHAFFER. 1 23 
 
 dred mile trip. This trip was fully as perilous as my 
 previous one from Columbia, the mountains being full of 
 guerillas. Being then in full uniform, my rank and army 
 were at once known. Meeting parties of one or two in 
 the mountains, we would both keep our hand on our 
 revolver till well out of range, neither allowing the other 
 to get the drop on him. I was constantly warned by 
 Union people, who would direct me from one to another, 
 that it would be impossible for me to get through. From 
 Lexington I went to Cincinnati; then by B. & O. to 
 Washington, where I reported to the War Department." 
 After the war Captain Shaffer was stationed at Walter- 
 boro, S. C, and had the duty, in the Freedmen's Bureau, 
 of organizing the labor and putting the freedmen to work, 
 and of issuing rations to the planters to make their crops 
 and for their contract hands. He finally left the service 
 in the winter of 1868-9, and was eight years Clerk of 
 Court and then Treasurer of Colleton County. He was 
 later elected Vice-President of the Walterboro Loan and 
 Savings Bank, and also President of the Colleton Cotton 
 Mills. He has for many years been senior member of 
 the Terry & Shaffer Mercantile Company. I may add 
 that at the time he entered the service of the United States 
 he could have received a commission, but he preferred to 
 win his spurs, and went into the ranks. He passed 
 through successive grades and became captain, his capture 
 preventing subsequent promotion. 
 
HELEN A. SHAFER 
 
 Miss Helen A. Shafer, M. A., LL. D., President of 
 Wellesley College, was a distinguished mathematician and 
 educator. No member of the Shafer family achieved 
 greater eminence or was more widely known than the 
 subject of this sketch. She was born in Newark, N. J., 
 Sept. 23, 1839. Her parents were Rev. Archibald 
 Stinson and Almira (Miller) Shafer. He was a clergy- 
 man of the Congregational denomination. The family 
 moved westward, and for many years lived at Oberlin, 
 Ohio, where the family home is still maintained. Miss 
 Shafer, died at the College at Wellesley, Mass., January 
 20, 1894, of pneumonia, after an illness of less than a 
 week. Representatives of the faculty of Wellesley 
 attended her funeral, which was held at Oberlin, and 
 delivered addresses on her character and life. 
 
 The following is an abstract of a notice published in a 
 Boston paper and reprinted in the Oberlin News, Jan. 
 25, 1894: 
 
 Miss Shafer was graduated from Oberlin College in 
 1863. After teaching two years in New Jersey, she 
 accepted a position in St. Louis, Mo. In this school she 
 held the position of leading instructor of mathematics for 
 ten years, laying a foundation for a distinguished career 
 as teacher of higher mathematics. In 1877 she was called 
 to the chair of Mathematics in Wellesley College, which 
 she held until 1888, when she succeeded Mrs. Alice Free- 
 man Palmer as President. For her new duties she was 
 admirably fitted, both by natural gifts and by experience 
 
HELEN A. SHAFER, 12 5 
 
 and training. Her scholarly ability, her tact and skill in 
 the class room, her dignity and weight of character, her 
 generous and affectionate nature and her unique versa- 
 tility, won for her the enthusiastic regard and reverent 
 love of successive classes of young women who as alumnae 
 of the college rendered her unfailing loyalty and support. 
 Her frail physique seemed the only obstacle to her success. 
 Yet her health suffered no apparent loss under her 
 administrative cares, and there was good ground of hope 
 that she had entered upon a long and fruitful term of 
 office. In 1878 she received the degree of M. A. from 
 Oberlin College, and in 1893 the degree of LL. D. 
 
 Among the comments on her death is one by W. T. 
 Harris, United States Commissioner of Education, who 
 said : "In the death of President Shafer higher educa- 
 tion suffers a great loss. Her methods of instruction 
 produced the best results I have ever known, and her 
 personal influence over youth to secure earnest work and 
 solidity of character, was remarkable." Other expres- 
 sions of sympathy and esteem were from President 
 Dwight of Yale. President Carter of Williams, President 
 Taylor of Vassar, President Harper and Dean Talbot, of 
 Chicago. 
 
GENERAL AARON HANKINSON 
 
 BY 
 GLNLRAL JAML5 F. RU5UNG 
 
 Aaron Hankinson was the son of Joseph and Rachel 
 (Mattison) Hankinson. He was born Feb. 7, 1735, near 
 Rowland's Mills, Hunterdon County, N. J., and died 
 Oct. 9, 1806, near Stillwater, Sussex County, N. J. His 
 marriage license, dated Feb. 9, 1764, is recorded in the 
 office of the Secretary of State, Trenton, N. J., and gives 
 him as of Amwell Township, Hunterdon County, N. J., 
 to Mary Snyder of Kingwood Township, same county. 
 He was brought up on a farm there, still known as the 
 "Hankinson Homestead," but in 1764 or 1765 removed 
 to Sussex County and lies buried in the "Yellow Frame 
 Cemetery" of the Presbyterian church, near Stillwater, of 
 which he was long an elder. He lived at or near Still- 
 water, but also owned land in Sandiston Township. 
 When he removed from Hunterdon to Sussex, his father 
 (evidently a man of means) gave him and his brother 
 William farms there of 363 acres each. 
 
 He was in commission as Colonel, commanding Regi- 
 ment N. J. Troops (a Provisional Regt., probably), at 
 Amboy, N. J., 1776, and was regularly commissioned 
 Colonel of 2d Regiment Sussex, N. J., Militia Feb. 28, 
 1777, and continued as such during the Revolutionary 
 War. He was present with his regiment as a part of 
 General David Forman's Brigade, N. J., Detached 
 Militia, at the battle of Germantown, Pa., Oct. 4, 1777, 
 
GENERAL, AARON HANKINSON. 12/ 
 
 under General Washington, but his regiment appears to 
 have been kept chiefly at home to protect Sussex against 
 Tories and Indians — Sussex being then a frontier county 
 in part. After the war, June 5, 1793, he was promoted 
 Brigadier General of N. J. Militia, and continued as such 
 until his decease. He was a member of Assembly N. J., 
 1782 to 1786, and again 1788 to 1792 continuously, from 
 Sussex County. 
 
 He had thirteen children,^ as follows : 
 Joseph, b. 1763, d. 1838; m. Margaret Goble, d. 1844. 
 Henry,2 b. Aug. 2^, 1767; d. May 5, 1848; m Mary Mc- 
 
 Cullough, dau. Col. Wm. McCullough, Asbury, N. 
 
 J. Her dau. Eliza B. married Gershom Rusling, my 
 
 father. 
 Sarah, b. 1770, d. Feb. 10, 181 5; m. ist, David Linn; 2d, 
 
 John Smedley, June 10, 1806. 
 John, b. Nov. 25, 1771; d. Aug. 3, 1845; "i- Elizabeth 
 
 Hunt, b. Feb. 6, 1770; d. Nov. 2, 1841. 
 Thomas, b. 1775, d. April 27, 1796. 
 William, b. Oct. 30, 1779; d. Oct. 17, 1830; m. Margaret 
 
 Crisman, March 14, 1805. She d. Feb. 26, 1857. 
 
 No issue. He acquired much property at Blairstown, 
 
 N. J., which he bequeathed to John I. Blair (his 
 
 clerk), which was the beginning of the great Blair 
 
 estate. 
 Samuel, b. 1792; d. April 21, 1793. 
 Elizabeth, b. — ; d. — ; m. Nathan Armstrong, Jan., 1807. 
 
 Fled. 1838. 
 
 *The "Genealogical Record of descendants of Nathan Armstrong" 
 says 12, but apparently there were 13. 
 
 "Admitted to N. J. Bar Nov. Term, 1794, and settled at Washing- 
 ton, N. J. Was Major and Inspector Sussex Brigade, Oct. 26, 1809; 
 member of Assembly N. J. 1806- 1807- 1808 and 1835. 
 
12 8 GENERAL AARON HANKINSON. 
 
 Hannah, b. — ; d. — ; m. Cooper Kelsey, May 14, 1808, 
 
 related to Hon. Henry C. Kelsey, probably. 
 Aaron, b. April 22, 1782; d. Feb. 23, 1850; m. Sarah 
 
 Kelsey, April 12, 1804; b. March i, 1785. 
 Nancy, b. — ; d. — ; m. Aaron Southard. 
 Rachel, b. — ; d. — ^; m. Sidney Herriott. 
 Daniel Thatcher, b. — ; d. — . 
 
 A fruitful vine, clearly; but am unable to complete his 
 "Family Record," and am not sure of their order of 
 births, even. 
 
 His grave is on the southeasterly side of the old 
 "Yellow Frame Church," and near to it (our forbears 
 liked to be buried as near to the church as possible, and 
 many inside of it!), in the midst of a group of Hankin- 
 son graves, and bears the following quaint inscription : 
 
 "A. H. 
 
 In memory of 
 
 B. General 
 
 Aaron Hankinson, 
 
 who departed this life 
 
 Oct. IX, 1806. 
 
 Aged 71 years, 8 months, 2 days. 
 
 Let all his children in a word, 
 
 Unite and praise the Eternal God, 
 
 For the sweet hope that he has gone 
 
 To rest with Christ God's only Son." 
 
 Evidently he was a God-fearing man, of soldierly tastes 
 and character, a typical Jerseyman of his time, a good 
 citizen, and a man of parts and substance. 
 
 The Hankinson family were English unquestionably, 
 and settled first in Monmouth County, N. J. Two of 
 
GENERAL AARON HANKINSON. 1 29 
 
 them removed to Hunterdon and settled near Rowland's 
 Mills, 4 miles northeast of Flemington, about 1700 prob- 
 ably. These were Joseph (father of General Aaron) and 
 William Hankinson. As early as 1688, Thomas and 
 Richard Hankinson received a patent for 120 acres of 
 land in Monmouth County from proprietors of West 
 Jersey. In 1700 Thomas Hankinson, of Freehold, 
 bought 610 acres from Benjamin Allen. In 1776 Ken- 
 neth Hankinson was taxed in Freehold Township for 594 
 acres of land and 64 horses and cattle. This Kenneth 
 Hankinson was a man of parts, and June 16, 1776, 
 became a captain in Col. Forman's battalion, Heard's 
 Brigade, N. J. Line; also in ist Reg't Monmouth 
 Militia 1777, and participated in the battle of Monmouth, 
 June, 1778 (probably). The Hunterdon and Sussex 
 Hankinsons all claim relationship to this Kenneth Han- 
 kinson, and Ex-Gov. William A. Newell, of N. J., was a 
 descendant of his. 
 
 If the Hankinsons emigrated from England, they likely 
 came from Middlesex County there, where they have the 
 following coat-of-arms : "Ar. a fesse gu. fretty or. betw. 
 three ducks sa. Crest a demi-phcenix, wings elevated or. 
 issuant from flames. Motto vi et animo." Burke's Gen. 
 Armory, 452. 
 
 Trenton, N. J., Jan. 22, 1907. 
 
 [9 
 
I30 
 
 THE OLD GRAVEYARD 
 
 THE OLD GRAVEYARD. 
 
 In the old graveyard at Stillwater are to be found the 
 tombstones of many of the early settlers of that part of 
 Sussex County. The cemetery has been considerably 
 enlarged and is enclosed by a substantial fence. The 
 newer part is kept in excellent condition by the local 
 cemetery association. In the old part the action of the 
 frost has had the effect of throwing many of the stones 
 out of the perpendicular, some have fallen flat and others 
 are leaning forward, giving the appearance of neglect. 
 The old families have most of them died off, and the 
 younger generation find it all they can afford to do to 
 maintain the new section, although they annually clear the 
 brush and weeds from the older part. The photograph 
 of the stones shows their condition in May, 1906, and is 
 reproduced with the hope that some of the numerous 
 descendants of those buried here may be moved to arrange 
 for the care of the old graveyard. The writer would 
 gladly co-operate in such a work. The following inscrip- 
 tions are to be found here : 
 
 Inscription. 
 HIER 
 RUHBT der lOH. 
 PET. BERNHARD. 
 Geboh. zu KERZen 
 HEIM, IN DER GRAF- 
 SCHAFT BOLANDEN 
 IN EUROPA. ER ist 
 MIT FRAU. U, KINDEN 
 IN AMERICA KOMEN 
 AND 1731. UND 
 STARB DEN 28 
 AUG. Ano 1748. 
 
 Translation. 
 HERE 
 RESTS JOH. 
 PET. BERNHARD. 
 BORN IN KERZEN- 
 HEIM, IN THE COUN- 
 TY OF BOLANDEN 
 IN EUROPE. HE 
 WITH WIFE AND CHILDREN 
 CAME TO AMERICA 
 IN THE YEAR 1731 AND 
 DIED THE 2 8TH OF 
 AUG. IN THE YEAR 1748. 
 
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 4 
 
 P 
 
 (D 
 4 
 
 CQ 
 
THE OLD GRAVEYARD 
 
 131 
 
 ALHIER 
 
 RUHET in GOt lOH-GEORG 
 WTNDEMUTH GEBOHREN D: 
 11 MAY 1711 IN PUNG- 
 STAD, in EUROPA, NAGHAME- 
 RICAKOMEN. ANo 1736 
 VERHEjRATH MIT. M: 
 El: BERNHARTIN Ano 
 1739, und ZEUGETeN 8 
 KINDER: LEBETE IM 
 EHESTAND 43 lAHR 
 UND 3 MONATH. And 
 1782 DEN 19 DEC: Abend 
 UND 10 uhr STARB ER 
 SBIN ALTER WAR 71 
 lAHR 3 MON: UND 8- 
 TAGE. Und VERI.TBS 
 3 SoHNE und 3 ToGH- 
 TeR LEBEND 
 
 HERB 
 
 RESTS IN GOD JOHN GEORGE 
 
 WINDEMUTH BORN 
 
 11 MAY 1711 IN PFUNGSTADT 
 
 IN EUROPE. CAME IN 
 
 THE YEAR 1736 
 
 WAS MARRIED TO M. 
 
 EL. BERNHARTIN IN YEAR 
 
 1739 AND HAD 8 
 
 CHILDREN. LIVED IN WEDLOCK 
 
 43 YEARS 
 
 AND 3 MONTHS AND DIED 
 
 1782 ON THE 19 DEC. IN 
 
 EVENING AT 10 P. M. 
 
 HIS AGE WAS 71 YEARS 
 
 3 MONTHS AND 8 
 
 DAYS, AND LEFT BEHIND 
 
 3 SONS AND 3 DAUGHTERS 
 
 LIVING 
 
GENEALOGICAL RECORD 
 
A Genealogical Record 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Descendants of Casper Schaeffer 
 
 Casper Schaeffer, who emigrated from the Palatin- 
 ate, is supposed to have come in the ship "Queen Eliza- 
 beth," arriving Sept. i6, 1738, at Philadelphia. Here he 
 remained for two or three years. About the year 1741 or 
 1742 he went to the present site of Stillwater, then in the 
 wilderness, where he established a home. His wife was 
 Maria Catrina, daughter of Johan Peter Bernhardt. 
 Bernhardt was born at Kerzenheim, Grafschafi Bolanden. 
 and came to Philadelphia with his wife, who is said to 
 have been of noble birth, and three daughters. He settled 
 near Germantown, Pa., and removed to Stillwater, N. J., 
 about 1742. He died Aug. 28, 1748, and his is the first 
 interment in the old graveyard there. 
 
 Casper Schaeffer was born in the year 171 2, and 
 died Dec. 17, 1784. Maria Catrina (Bernhardt), his 
 wife, was born about 1722 and died Dec. i, 1794. They 
 had four children, viz : 
 
 1. Peter Bernhardt, who was born at Stillwater 
 July 28, 1744; died April 6, 1799. 
 
 2. Margaretta, born 1745, died June 5, 1815. 
 
 3. Abraham, born December 17, 1754; died July 11, 
 1820. 
 
 4. Isaac, born June 4, 1760; died March 27, 1800. 
 Casper Schaeffer and his wife and his son Peter are 
 
 buried in the old graveyard at Stillwater. Margaretta, 
 Abraham and Isaac are buried in the graveyard at the 
 "Yellow Frame" Church. 
 
136 GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 
 
 In preparing this record, the arrangement adopted in 
 the "Armstrong Genealogy," establishing four groups, 
 one for the descendants of each of Casper Schaefifer's 
 children, has been followed. Each group is divided into 
 branches representing the issue of Casper's several grand- 
 children. The record contains the names of about 600 of 
 Casper Schaeffer's lineal descendants. Among these 
 names are those of patriots and soldiers, ministers, 
 teachers, doctors, lawyers, business men, and farmers. 
 Many of these were active and influential in public affairs. 
 The list contains the names of not less than eighteen 
 ministers of the gospel, including those connected by 
 marriage, all of whom were faithful, godly and earnest 
 preachers of the word. It is a family marked by intelli- 
 gence, refinement and usefulness, and none of its mem- 
 bers, so far as known, have brought discredit upon their 
 ancestry. 
 
 GROUP ONE. 
 
 The Descendants of CASPER SCHAEFFER, by his Son, 
 PETER BERNHARDT SHAVER. 
 
 Peter Bernhardt Shaver, b. at Stillwater, N. J., 
 July 28, 1744; d. April 6, 1799; m. Elizabeth Simpson, b. 
 Oct. II, 1747; d. May 19, 1823. They are both buried 
 in the old graveyard at Stillwater. They had 9 children : 
 
 1. Anna, b. March 28, 1770; m. Dr. Samuel Kennedy 
 as his second wife; of their three children, Shafer, 
 Thomas Jefferson and Sarah, the first named was the 
 only one to leave descendants. 
 
 2. Catharine, b. April i, 1772; m. Archibald Stinson, 
 of Marksboro, N. J., and had four daughters, none of 
 whom married except Jane, who m. William Armstrong, 
 b. July 28, 1793; d. May 17, 1818; no children. 
 
GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 
 
 137 
 
 3 Mary b. Oct. 14, 1773; m. John Van Deren, and 
 lived but a short time after her marriage. 
 
 4. Abraham, Jr., b. Dec. 4, 1775; d. Aug. 8, 1824; m. 
 I'st, barah Beaver; 2d, Lydia Armstrong, b. March 3, 
 1780; d. March 24, 18 17; see First Branch. 
 
 5. Alexander, b. Aug. 24, 1778; d. Aug. 22, 1780. 
 
 6. Elizabeth, b. Feb. 12, 1781; d. Jan. 15, 181 1; m. 
 May 27, 1808, John Armstrong, Jr.; see Second Branch. 
 
 7. Isaac, b. July 23, 1783; d. Dec. 18, 1849; m. July 3, 
 1806, Elizabeth Turner, b. Aug. 19, 1787; see Third 
 Branch. 
 
 8. Margaret, b. Feb. 5, 1785; m. Richard Turner; see 
 Fourth Branch. 
 
 10. Simeon Simpson, b. April 20, 1788; d. March 12 
 1790. 
 
 FIRST BRANCH. 
 
 The Descendants of 
 
 ABRAHAM and LYDIA (ARMSTRONG) SHAFER. 
 
 Abraham Shafer, Jr., m. Lydia Armstrong, b. 
 March 3, 1780; d. March 24, 1817; daughter of William 
 and Elizabeth (Swayze) Armstrong, and granddaughter 
 of Nathan and Uphamy (Wright) Armstrong. They 
 dwe t at Stillwater. Sussex County. N. J., and had five 
 children : 
 
 1. Sarah, b. June i. 1807; d. Sept. 10. 1878. 
 
 2. Casper, b. March 23, 18 17. 
 
 3-^Euphemia Bray, b. July 30, 181 1; d. Dec. 27, 
 1 080. 
 
 4. Peter, b. July 30, 1811; d. Aug. 20, 1828. 
 
 5. Elizabeth, d. Sept. 5, 1828. aged 22 years 7 mos. 
 Abraham and Lydia are buried at Yellow Frame. 
 (A). Sarah Shafer. m. Jan. 13, 1827. Ephraim 
 
138 GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 
 
 Green Coursen, b. April 7, i8o6; d. May 10, 1866; son 
 of Enos and Mary (Green) Coursen; (Enos, b. Oct. 19, 
 1780; Mary, b. July 15, 1785. Sarah and Ephraim are 
 buried in Dunmore Cemetery, Scranton, Pa. ) . Had three 
 ch. I. Almeda, b. Dec. 24, 1827; d. Sept. 10, 1878. 2. 
 A. Hampton, b. May 2, 1832; m. June 13, 1867, Anna 
 M. Burr, d. June 23, 1873, daughter of Henry and Nancy 
 (Shafer) Burr. Had two ch., Mary Burr, b. June 12, 
 1870, and Jessie Stillwell, b. Nov. 17, 1871. After 
 the death of Anna, Hampton m., December 2, 1874, Kate 
 E. Wheatley, daughter of John and Harriet (Whitting- 
 ton) Wheatley; res. at Scranton, Pa. 3. George M., b. 
 Aug. 10, 1843; d. Nov. 20, 1864. 
 
 (B). Casper Shafer m. Caroline Hazen, b. April 14, 
 18 19; d. Aug. 31, 1 89 1, daughter of Aaron and Elizabeth 
 (Vought) Hazen, and descendant of Edward Hazen, who 
 settled at Rowley, Conn., and, in 1650, married Hannah 
 Grant. Res. at Greensville, Sussex County, N. J. 5 ch. 
 I. Nathan Hazen, m. Oct. 14, 1875, Katharine Hand 
 Bentley, b. May 31, 1847, daughter of George Vaughn 
 and Catharine Cochran (Sayre) Bentley. Res. Newton, 
 N. J. They had 5 ch., Katharine Bentley, b. Sept. 8, 
 1877; Edwin Hampton, b. Oct. 29, 1878; George 
 Carlton, b. Sept. 24, 1880; Francis Hazen, b. Dec. 10, 
 1885, and Bentley Sayre, b. June 29. 1888. 2. Eliza- 
 beth, m. Edgar V. Kennedy, deceased. 3. Abram 
 Edwin. 4. Louisa. 5. Hampton Calvin, b. Sept. 18, 
 1853; m. Nov. 13, 1890, Mary Elizabeth Blair, b. Oct. 
 22, 1861, daughter of Milton' Locke and Hetty Maria 
 (Brown) Blair. Res. at Scranton. Pa. Had i ch., 
 Margaret Linen, b. Feb. 10, 1893. 
 
 (C). Euphemia Bray Shafer m. Nathan Kerr 
 Hazen, b. Oct. 28, 1803; d. Dec. 4, 1887, son of Nathan 
 and Gertrude (Kerr) Hazen. Had 4 ch. i. Sarah 
 Elizabeth, b. July 27, 1831; m. October 30, 1851, Isaac 
 Read Kerr, b. May 12, 1827, son of Ira and Phebe 
 (Read) Kerr, grandson of William Hampton Kerr. Res. 
 
GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 139 
 
 at Johnsonburg, N. J. They had lo ch., Nathan Hamp- 
 ton, b. Oct. 29, 1852; m. Aug. 23, 1877, Nancy Jane Van 
 Camp, daughter of James Voorhees and Maria (Coursen) 
 Van Camp. Res. at Marksboro, N. J. Had i ch., 
 George Harris, b. Feb. 3, 1882. Lydia Jane, b. Jan. 
 15, 1845; m. Oct. 30, 1878, George Hoagland Harris, son 
 of Isaac and Elizabeth (Hoagland) Harris. Ira Clin- 
 ton, b. June 9. 1856; m. Oct. 29, 1884, Leonora A. Van 
 Horn, b. Sept. 22, 1854, daughter of William G. and 
 Macrina C. (Jones) Van Horn. Res. at Johnsonburg, N. 
 J. They had 2 ch., Floyd, b. Aug. 30, 1885, and Lucy, 
 b. Aug. 27, 1887. John Wesley, b. Aug. 27, 1858; m. 
 Dec. 24, 1884, Olive Hankinson, daughter of Elijah and 
 Mary C. (Schooley) Hankinson. Isaac Calvin, b. 
 March i. i860; m. Nov. 30, 1882, Lydia A. Johnson, 
 daughter of Theodore F. and Deborah (Willson) John- 
 son. EuPHEMiA Gertrude, b. Dec. 9, 1862; m. Nov. 
 30, 188 1, Ralph Dildine Huff, b. March 10, 1856, son of 
 Barnett S. and Hannah (Divers) Huff. Res. at Blairs- 
 town, N. J. They had 2 ch., Nellie Thompson, b. Oct, 
 II, 1885, and Clarence Read, b. April 30, 1887. 
 Carrie Malvina, b. March 9, 1865; d. Feb. 8, 1866. 
 Flavel McGee, b. Jan. 28, 1867; m. Jan. 22, 1890, 
 Elizabeth Ayres, daughter of Jacob Cummings and Sarah 
 M. (Read) Ayres. Frank Leslie, b. Aug. 12, 1869, 
 and William Stitt, b. Oct. i, 1871. 2. Lydia Ann, b. 
 May 10. 1834; d. Jan. i, 1862; m. November, 1856, 
 George Hardin, son of John Hardin, and had i ch., 
 Euphemia Caroline. 3. Harriet J., b. Jan. 31, 1838; 
 m. Nov. 21, 1 861, Azariah D. Hart, b. Jan. 8, 1838, son 
 of Henry Hart, b. April 19, 1805; d. Oct. 20, 1885, and 
 his wife, Sarah Jane Mosson, b. Dec. 15, 1805; d. Jan. 27, 
 1867; res. near Newton, N. J. Had i ch., Nathan 
 Henry Hart, b. Dec. 28, 1864; m. Jan. 30, 1888, Mar- 
 garet Cox, and has i ch., Ethel M., b. in 1890. 4. 
 Emma Gertrude, b. March 25, 1847; ^n- Samuel H. 
 Primrose, son of George and Tabithy (Hunt) Primrose 
 
I40 GENEALOGICAL RECORD, 
 
 SECOND BRANCH. 
 
 Descendants of JOHN ARMSTRONG, JR., and his wife, 
 ELIZABETH SHAFER. 
 
 John Armstrong, Jr., b. July 6, 1779; d. Nov. 13, 
 1845; son of Lieut. John and Sarah (Stinson) Arm- 
 strong, grandson of Nathan and Uphamy (Wright) 
 Armstrong; married Elizabeth Shafer on May 27, 
 1808. They had one daughter : 
 
 Margaret Sarah, b. June 6, 1809, at Johnsonburg; 
 m. Jan. 18, 1838, Joseph W. McCord, b. May 30, 1797; 
 d. at South Charleston, O., July 4, 1852; buried at 
 Springfield, O.; son of John and Mary (Todd) McCord. 
 They had 3 ch. i. Hampton Ireneus, b. April 19, 
 1842; d. Oct. 6, 1843. 2. Cornelia Townley, b. Aug. 
 9, 1844; d. Dec. 28, 1894; buried in Baltimore Cemetery, 
 Md. 3. Marshall Armstrong, b. March 13, 1847; m. 
 May 16, 1878, Mary Louisa Ellermeyer, b. Sept. 12, 
 1857; d. April 20, 1891; daughter of Charles A. Eller- 
 meyer, b. in 1822, in Hanover, Germany, and his wife, 
 Elizabeth Cooper, who was a daughter of Benjamin and 
 Letitia (Culpepper) Cooper, and was born Aug. 21, 
 1829, near Currituck Sound, N. C. They had 3 ch. 
 Curtis Hulce. died in infancy; William Ellermeyer, 
 b. April 13, 1880, and Margaret Cornelia, b. July 8, 
 1882. 
 
 After the death of Mary, Marshall m., June 11, 1892, 
 Sarah A. McGahan, b. May 21, 1855, daughter of Wil- 
 Ham and Mary (Neely) McGahan, of Derry, Ireland. 
 Res. at Baltimore, Md. 
 
 THIRD BRANCH. 
 
 Descendants of 
 ISAAC SHAFER and ELIZABETH (TURNER), his wife. 
 
 Isaac Shafer, b. July 23, 1783; d. Dec. 18, 1849; i"-> 
 
GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 1 41 
 
 July 3, 1806, Elizabeth Turner, b. Aug. 19, 1787. They 
 had 10 children: 
 
 1. Robert Turner, b. April i, 1807; d. April 13, 
 1883. 
 
 2. Abraham Barnet, b. Dec. 18, 1808; d. Nov i^ 
 1883. 
 
 3. Rev. Archibald Stinson, b. Sept. 12, i8io- d 
 Feb. 6, 1888. 
 
 4. Thomas Hunt, b. Oct. 17, 1812; d. April 6, 1879. 
 
 5. Rebecca Jane, b. Dec. 14, 1814; d. Sept. 8, 1889. 
 
 6. Ann Kennedy, b. July 11, 1817, unmarried. 
 
 7. Delilah, b. Nov. 14, 1820; d. April 21, 1891, un- 
 married. 
 
 8. Jehiel Talmage, b. March 29, 1823. 
 
 9. Benjamin Johnson Lowe, b. Nov. 17, 1826; d. 
 Oct. 16, 1833. 
 
 ID. Catharine Elizabeth, b. May 17, 1828; d. Oct. 
 18, 1882, unmarried. 
 
 (A). Robert Turner Shafer m., June 6, 1829, 
 Catharine Raub Hazen, b. Oct. 9, 1807; d. Feb. 18, 1864; 
 both buried at Nev^ton, N. J. They had 7 ch. — i. Finley 
 Dawson, b. March 7, 1830; d. Sept. 24, 1891 ; m. Cath- 
 arine Cole and had i ch., Jennie. 2. Isaac Calvin, b. 
 April 12, 1833; d. Jan. 3, 1906; m. Susie Letitia Gordon, 
 t>- July 15, 1836, and had 5 ch. — Ella Eugenie, b. Nov. 
 8. 1859; ^-^ April 19, 1892, Charles Somerby Noyes, b. 
 about 1856. Florence Nightingale, b. Oct. 2, i860; 
 m., April 19, 1906, Wm. Judson Whitaker. Fannie 
 Estelle, b. Dec. 26, 1865; d. June 15, 1870. Edith 
 Gordon, b. April 18, 1872; m., Oct. 6, 1898, Frank M. 
 Pendreigh; d. March 20, 1900. Lillian Olcott, b. 
 May 22, 1877; m., July 14, 1905, to Herbert G. Fisher. 
 3. Aaron Whitfield, b. Jan. 7, 1836; d. March 16, 
 1900; married and had i child. 4. Nathan Barnet, b. 
 Nov. 22. 1837; m., April 27, 1870, Emma Broadley, b. 
 
142 GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 
 
 Feb. 23, 1838. They had 2 ch., May Neilson, b. Feb. 
 I, 1873, and Blanche Murray, b. Jan. 22, 1879. 5. 
 William Bell, b. Sept. 20, 1840; m. Annie Pruden. 
 6. Benjamin Johnson Lowe, b. April 13, 1846; m. 
 Jennie Harris. Their children, Morgan Robert, m. 
 Edythe Smith, and Victor Fox. 7. Emma Elizabeth, 
 b. Dec. 19, 1848; m. James Richardson Whyte, b. April 
 27, 1846. Their children, Jessie, b. Dec. 9, 1869; Alice, 
 b. Dec. 9. 1869; d. May 23, 1874; Elsie, b. Sept. 23, 
 1875; Ida Katherine, b. June 12, 1877, and Howard, 
 b. Feb. 9, 1883. 
 
 (B). Abraham Barnet Shafer m., July 9, i860, 
 Orpha Loretta Hooker, b. April 8, 1835; has son living. 
 
 (C). Rev. Archibald Stinson Shafer,^ m., Aug. 
 II, 1833, Almira Miller, b. Nov. 28, 1806; d. Nov. 2, 
 1890. Their children, Miller, deceased; Helen Eliza- 
 beth, deceased; Mary Jane, unmarried, and lives at 
 Oberlin, O.; Helen Almira, b. Sept. 23, 1839; d. Jan. 
 
 20, 1894; John Joseph, deceased, m. Catharine Jacoby, 
 and Sarah Ann, d. in infancy. 
 
 (D). Thomas Hunt Shafer m., May 18, 1836, Ann 
 Margaret Savercool Beach, b. March 25, 1817. Their 
 children: i. Louisa Ann, b. Aug. 23, 1837; m., Sept. 
 
 21, 1865, Jonathan Edwards Morris, and had 8 ch. : 
 Margaretta Louise, b. Dec. 6, 1866; d. June 20, 1868; 
 Emma Roy, b. Jan. 5, 1869, deceased; Laura May, b. 
 Oct. 25, 1870, deceased; Eva Byington, b. Jan. 30, 
 1873; Edward Hunt, b. April 25, 1875; m., June 26, 
 1906, Jessie Esther Thayer; Sue Ford, b. Aug. 24, 1877; 
 m., June 28, 1903, Maurice Peris Ap Madoc, M. D.; 
 
 '^Rev. Archibald Stinson Shafer was bom near Blairstown, N. 
 J., Sept. 12, 1810; married Almira, daughter of Judge Miller of New- 
 ton, N. J., Aug. II, 1833. He became a Congregational minister, and 
 had pastorates at Rochester, N. Y. ; Leroy, N. Y. ; Gaines, N. Y., and 
 Rock Creek, Ohio. He was a successful evangelist and devoted 
 pastor until ill health compelled him to give up his charge. He 
 removed to Oberlin, O., where he lived about twenty years until his 
 death, February 6. 1888. 
 
GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 1 43 
 
 David Aubrey, b. Feb. z-j, 1879. 2. Susan Eliza- 
 beth, b. July 12, 1840; m., April 8, 1862, Jasper Scudder 
 Clark, b. Jan. i, 1839; d. Feb. 11, 1878; had 4 ch. : 
 Benjamin Green, b. Aug. 10, 1863; d. in infancy; 
 Mary Louise, b. Jan. 7, 1866; Edith Shafer, b. Oct. 
 13, 1869; d. Aug. 5, 1872; Ella Mabel, b. Feb. 9, 1874. 
 3. Hannah Jane, b. June 26, 1849, not married. 4. 
 David Lee, b. May 30, 1851; m., Oct. 24, 1883, Amelia 
 Holloway. 
 
 (E). Rebecca Jane Shafer m., Feb. 17, 1842, Rev. 
 Thaniel Beers Condit, b. June 4, 1804; d. Jan. 13, 1888; 
 5 ch. — I. Ann Maria, b. Dec. 5, 1842, unmarried. 2. 
 Elizabeth Wilson, b. May 7, 1844, unmarried, resides 
 at Stillwater. 3. Rev. Elbert Nevius, b. May 2, 1846, 
 deceased; m., July 23, 1884, Jennie Clark, b. Feb. 18, 
 i860. Their ch., Anna Melita, deceased; Elbert 
 Clark, David Harold and Edwin Hiram, deceased. 4. 
 Rev. Isaac Hiram, b. Sept. 8, 1848; m., June, 1881, 
 Anna Macldo Whyte (deceased). They "had James 
 Whyte and George Hiram. Rev. Isaac Hiram 
 Condit m., May, 1893, Hannah May Scripture as his 2d 
 wife. Their ch., Paul Grandin and Elbert Caryl. 5. 
 Sarah Linn, b. April 6, 1852; m., May 2, 1882, Andrew 
 Dawson Whyte. b. Aug. 6, 1848. and had a son. Andrew 
 Condit Whyte. 
 
 (F). Jehiel Talmage Shafer m., Sept. 20, 1855, 
 Harriet A. Comes, b. April. 1836. They had 7 ch., viz: 
 I. Irving Newell, b. May, 1856. 2. Harry Talmage. 
 3. Cora Isabel. 4. Elbert Condit. 5. Frederick 
 Lincoln. 6. George. 7. William. 
 
 FOURTH BRANCH. 
 
 The Descendants of 
 MARGARET SHAFER and RICHARD TURNER. 
 
 Margaret Shafer m. Richard Turner, and had 3 
 children : 
 
144 GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 
 
 1. Mary, who died young. 
 
 2. Elizabeth, who married John Bunting and had 3 
 ch. — I. Gershom CouRSEN, who died young. 2. Anna, 
 who never married. 3. Emma, m. Edward Perron; no 
 children. 
 
 3. Rebecca Maria. 
 
GROUP TWO. 
 
 The Descendants of 
 CASPAR SCHAEFFER, hy his daughter MARGARETTA. 
 
 Margaretta Schaeffer, b. 1745; d. June 5, 1815; m. 
 John Roy, b. Feb. 6, 1743; d. Feb. i, 1803; son of John 
 Roy, Sr., b. Feb. 11, 171 1, and Margaret (Insley) Roy. 
 John Roy, Sr., was less than a year old when he was 
 brought to America. They had 9 children : 
 
 1. John Casper, b. July 30, 1785; d. i860; m. Mary, 
 daughter of William Armstrong and grand-daughter of 
 Nathan Armstrong. See First Branch. 
 
 2. Hannah, b. Jan. 28, 1771; d. March 8, 1803; first 
 wife of John Johnson. See Second Branch. 
 
 3. Sarah, b. 1780; d. Dec, 1806; m., Nov., 1800, Dr. 
 David Hunt, b. 1776; d. March 2, 1831. See Third 
 Branch. 
 
 4. Bernhardt Shafer, m. Sarah Primrose. See 
 Fourth Branch. 
 
 5. Margaret, m. David Gustin. See Fifth Branch. 
 
 6. Elizabeth, m. David Gustin, second wife. See 
 Fifth Branch. 
 
 7. Susan (unmarried), d. March 31, 1862, aet. 87. 
 
 8. Mary (unmarried), died young. 
 
 9. Joseph Insley, d. Aug. 20, 185 1, aet. about 60 
 years; m., first, Sarah Linn; second, Nancy Drake. See 
 Sixth Branch. 
 
 [ 10 
 
146 GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 
 
 FIRST BRANCH. 
 
 The Descendants of 
 JOHNi CASPER and MARY (ARMSTRONG) ROY. 
 
 John Casper Roy m., Feb. 13, 1805, Mary Arm- 
 strong, b. 1788; d. June i, 183 1. Res. near Hardwick 
 Church, Marksboro, N. J., in a large two-story stone 
 house (still standing) until 1840, when they moved to 
 Morris County, N. J. Nine children : 
 
 1. William, b. 1806; d. in infancy. 
 
 2. Sarah Morris, b. Oct. 2, 1808; d. 1881. 
 
 3. Elizabeth Susan, b. July 11, 181 1; d. Dec. 30, 
 1897. 
 
 4. Mary Euphemia, b. Sept. 24, 1814; d. March 14, 
 1899. 
 
 5. Joseph John, b. June 5, 1816; d. 1887. 
 
 6. Lydia Armstrong, b. Dec. 21, 18 18; d. June 21, 
 1891; m. Rev. James Cook Edwards as his third wife. 
 
 7. Hannah Johnson, b. Feb. 8, 1821; d. 1880. 
 
 8. Elias Crane, b. Oct. 13, 1823; d. Feb. i, 1895. 
 
 9. Seymour, b. Oct. 6, 1828; d. in infancy. 
 
 Mary (Armstrong) Roy was buried at the Yellow 
 Frame; her husband at Morristown. 
 
 (A). Joseph John Roy m., Oct. 19, 1841, Sarah Ann 
 Vought, daughter of Jacob and Sarah (Snover) Vought. 
 Eleven ch. — i. John Jacob, b. Dec. 15, 1853; m., March 
 10, 1886, Anna Olivia Hulbert, b. June 9, i860, daughter 
 of Joseph and Hannah B. (Sargeant) Hulbert. Res at 
 Mendham, N. J. Had i ch., Raymond Hulbert, b. 
 June 5, 1889. 2. William Clinton, m., and has i ch., 
 Mary. 3. Samuel Headley, b. Feb. 18, i860; m., Sept. 
 8. 1886, Mary A. Endean, b. July 21, 1861, daughter of 
 James and Mary (Matthews) Endean. Res. at Suc- 
 casunna, N. J., and have 2 ch., Charles Henry, b. Dec. 
 
GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 147 
 
 4, 1888, and Mabel Pauline, b. Jan. 19, 1893; d. Jan. 
 2, 1894. 4. Elias Casper, m., and has 4 ch., Celia, 
 Clara, Elmer and Edna. Res. at Kenville, N. J. 5. 
 George P., m., and has i ch, Mima May, who married 
 George Fear, and has 3 ch., Roy, Florence and Nor- 
 man. 6. Anna Mary, m. James Dunlop, and had 4 ch., 
 Thomas Harry (who m. Hannah Larey and had 3 ch., 
 Francis, Freddie and James) ; Sarah Isabella (who 
 m. Gates B. Parson and had 2 ch., Ethel and Henry) ; 
 Anna Grace, deceased, and Margaret Agnes, deceased. 
 After the death of James, Anna Mary m. Ehas B. De- 
 Groot, and had two ch., Joseph Freeman and Ida Maud. 
 Res. at Mendham, N. J. 7. Rachel Emma m., March 
 10, 1868, Richard T. Bowman, b. Oct. 5, 1835, son of 
 Thomas and Martha Horton (Stout) Bowman. Res at 
 Morristown, N. J. Seven ch.— Anna Bell, b. Jan. 3, 
 1869; d. Oct. 10, 1869. Eva, b. May 16, 1870; m. Theo- 
 dore O. Slockbower, and had i ch., Helen. Henrietta, 
 b. Sept. 24, 1871 ; d. July 20, 1872. Albert, b. Sept. 22, 
 1873. Richard T., b. Oct. 13, 1874. Charles 
 Arthur, b. July 15, 1878. Emma Leonora, b. May 24, 
 1 881. 8. Kate F., m. Daniel F. Backer. Res. at New- 
 ark, N. J. Four ch., Henrietta, Frank, Clara and 
 Benjamin. 9. Sarah Isabella. 10. Henrietta, d. 
 1872. II. Frank. 
 
 (B). Hannah Johnson Roy, d. Nov. 27, 1880; m., 
 July 9, 1856, Samuel Anness, b. July 16, 181 7; d. Sept. 
 28, 1872. Three ch. i. Lydia J., b. Sept. i, 1857; m., 
 Dec. I, 1885, Truman H. Scott, b. Oct. 12, 1854, son of 
 John T. and Hannah (Judson) Scott. Res. at Morris- 
 town, N. J. Two ch., Marion Hannah, b. May i, 1887, 
 and Truman Anness, b. May 18, 1889. 2. Edward S., 
 b. April 10, i860; m., Oct. 3, 1886, Mattie DeNoyles, and 
 had I ch., Edna. 3. Hannah, b. Feb. 6, 1863; m. 
 Carlton Dobbins, son of John H. and Catharine B. 
 (Milburn) Dobbins, and had i ch., Carlton Anness, b. 
 Oct. 9, 1888. Res at Morristown, N. J. 
 
14^ GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 
 
 (C). Elias Crane Roy, m. Catharine C. Freeman, 
 daughter of John Ross Freeman. They had 2 ch. — i. 
 John Casper, b. April 15, 1849; d. May 30, 1881. 2. 
 Joanna Freeman, b. Aug. 11, 1853. 
 
 SECOND BRANCH. 
 
 The Descendants of 
 JOHN and HANNAH (ROY) JOHNSON. 
 
 Hannah Roy m., Oct. 26, 1790, John Johnson, b. 
 1764; d. Feb. 8, 1829. They had 6 ch. : (He had three 
 children by his second marriage. See Group Three, First 
 Branch). 
 
 1. Susan Maria, b. Sept. 24, 1792; d. Feb. 16, i860; 
 unmarried. 
 
 2. Eliza Matilda, b. April 21, 1793; d. Jan. 13, 1826. 
 
 3. Mary (Polly), b. Dec. 2, 1794; d. Sept. 6, 1795. 
 
 4. Hannah Margaretta, b. Jan. 9, 1796; d. Oct. 18, 
 1827. 
 
 5. Sarah Amanda, b. Feb. 3, 1799; d. Dec. 23, 1804. 
 
 6. Harriet Roy, b. Nov. 14, 1800; d. Jan. 16, 1836. 
 
 (A). Eliza Matilda Johnson m. Dr. George Hop- 
 kins, d. Oct. 28, 1819, aet. 27 years, and had 2 ch. : i. 
 Samuel Johnson, who m. Eliza Berrien and had 3 ch., 
 George, Minnie and William, who died unmarried, 
 except George, who went to China and married, leaving 
 issue, living in England. 2. George G., who m. his 
 cousin Elizabeth, daughter of Gen. Hopkins. They had 
 5 ch., Araminta, Anna, Grace, Alonzo and Al- 
 p HON so. 
 
 (B). Hannah Margaretta Johnson m. Rev. Elias 
 W. Crane,! d. Nov. 10, 1840. Had 5 ch. : i. Hannah 
 
 * Rev. Elias Winans Crane. D. D., was born at Elizabethtown, N. J.. 
 Mch. 18, 1796, graduated at the College of New Jersey, 1814, and at 
 the Princeton Theological Seminary, 1817. He was pastor at Spring- 
 
GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 1 49 
 
 Roy, b. May 15, 1820; d. Aug. 2, 1850; m. John A. 
 Gkinn. They had i ch., Margaretta S., who d. Aug. 
 13, 1877, unmarried. 2. Martha W., b. Feb. 22, 1822; 
 d. June 22, 1874; m. Henry N. Beach, d. 1881. They 
 had 7 ch. — Caroline B., d. Feb. i, 1894, unmarried. 
 Henry C, who married Lucretia S. Hazard. Frank J., 
 m. Anna Wilkie. He d. without issue. Anna J., d. 
 Jan. 13, 1903, unmarried. The other three children died 
 in childhood. 3. Belinda H., b. Oct. 29, 1823; d. May 
 10. 1855; m. Jeremiah Ross, and had i ch., Henry 
 Crane. 4. Elizabeth Woodruff, b. Sept. 4, 1825; d. 
 in infancy. 5. Rev. Elias Nettleton,^ b. July 4, 1827; 
 d. May 26, 1895; m., April 21. 1864, Mary Elizabeth 
 Pruden, and had 3 ch., all of whom died in infancy. 
 
 (C). Harriet Roy Johnson m., Dec, 1832, Rev. 
 James Cook Edwards,^ b. 1807. Had 2 ch. i. James 
 William, b. 1833; d. when a young man. 2. John W., 
 b. 1834; d. in infancy. 
 
 field, N. J., 1820-26, and at Jamaica, L. I., from 1826 until his death, 
 which occurred Nov. 10, 1840. He was a Director of the Princeton 
 Theological Seminary, 1836. 
 
 ^Rev. Elias Nettleton Crane, son of Rev. Elias Winans and 
 Hannah Margaretta (Johnson) Crane, was born Jan. 4, 1827, at 
 Jamaica, Long Island, graduated from Princeton College in 1852, 
 and entered the Theological Seminary at Princeton the same year, 
 graduating in 1855. He was pastor of the Presbyterian Church at 
 New Vernon, N. J., from 1856 until 1862. He served as chaplain of 
 175th Reg. New York Volunteers for three months in 1863, and was 
 agent for the United States Christian Commission from September, 
 1863, to July, 1865. He was chaplain of the American Seamen's 
 Friend Society from August. 1865, until 1881. In 1883 he was trans- 
 ferred to the Navy Yard, Brooklyn, N. Y., and labored there until 
 April 4, 1892, when he was compelled to give up active work on 
 account of ill health. He subsequently resided in Elizabeth, New 
 Jersey, until his death, which occurred May 26, 1895. He was 
 married to Miss Mary Elizabeth Pruden. 
 
 °Rev. James Cook Edwards was born in Warren Co., N. J., Mar. 
 12, 1807. A graduate of the College of New Jersey, 1830, and tutor 
 1832-33, graduate Princeton Theological Seminary. Preached at 
 Smithtown, N. J. Pastor of South Church, Morristown, N. J., 
 1852-60, died at Morristown, June 28, 1880. 
 
I50 GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 
 
 THIRD BRANCH. 
 
 Descendants of SARAH ROY and DR. DAYID HUNT. 
 
 Dr. David Hunt, b. 1776; d. March 2, 1831; buried in 
 old cemetery at Newton; son of Lieut. Richard and Mercy 
 (Hull) Hunt, m., Nov., 1800, Sarah Roy, b. 1780; d. 
 Dec, 1806; buried in Yellow Frame Cemetery. They 
 had 3 children : 
 
 1. Elizabeth, b. Feb., 1801; d. Dec. 11, 1836; m. 
 Schuyler Halsey, b. Feb. 26, 1797; d. Nov., 1820. No 
 children. 
 
 2. Hannah Margaretta, b. Nov., 1802; d. June 13, 
 1825, unmarried. 
 
 3. Sarah, b. Nov., 1804; d. April 13, 1894. 
 
 (A). Sarah Hunt m., Nov., 1829, Rev. Jonathan 
 Ford Morris, b. 1801; d. July 11, 1886, at Bushnell, 111. 
 They had 9 ch. : i. Sarah Elizabeth, b. Sept, 24, 1830; 
 m. Samuel Hays. 2. Mary Louisa, b. July 6, 1832. 3. 
 David Hunt, b. Oct. 16, 1833; m., Sept. 28, 1858, 
 Lucilla Linn Shafer, and had 6 ch. (See List of De- 
 scendants of Nathan Armstrong Shafer.) 4. Jonathan 
 Edwards, b. June 6, 1835; m. Louisa Shafer. 5. Wil- 
 liam Melville, b. March 11, 1837; m. Maggie Post. 6. 
 Joseph Euen, b. Nov. 11, 1838; m. Jemima Lyon. 7. 
 Hannah Margaretta, b. Nov. 15, 1840. 8. Emma 
 Cordelia, b. Oct. 8, 1842. 9. Laura Adelaide, b. Jan. 
 6, 1845. 
 
 FOURTH BRANCH. 
 
 Descendants of 
 BERNHARDT SHAFER ROY and SARAH PRIMROSE. 
 
 Bernhardt Shafer Roy m. Sarah Primrose about 
 1810. He died about 1812. She survived him. They 
 had I child : 
 
GENEALOGICAL RECORD. I 5 I 
 
 Joseph Morris, b. Feb. 25, 181 1; m., Feb. 7, 1832, 
 Lucy Northrup Owen, who died March 2, 1862. They 
 had 5 ch. — I. Joseph Northrup, b. Jan. 26, 1835; m. 
 Sarah EHzabeth Stiner, Dec. 13, 1844, and had 5 ch., 
 Arthur Prescott, b. April 20, 1862; Charles Morris, 
 b. Dec. 3, 1868; Infant Little Stranger, b. Sept. 10, 1870; 
 d. Sept. 19, 1870; Frederick Louis, b. July 12, 1873, 
 and Louisa C, b. June 30, 1875. 2. George Primrose, 
 b. Nov. 18, 1837. 3. Austin Owen, b. Aug. 22, 1840. 
 4. Charlotte Louisa, b. Aug. 22, 1844; m. Luther 
 Johnson. 5. Robert Lester Smith, b. Jan. 30, 1850. 
 
 FIFTH BRANCH. 
 
 Descendants of MARGARET ROY and ELIZABETH ROY, 
 the first and second wives of DAYID GUSTIN. 
 
 Margaret Roy d. between 1807 and 1810; m., Jan. 16, 
 1803, David Gustin. They had 2 children: 
 
 1. John Roy, died single. 
 
 2. Susan Margaret, b. May 31, 1806; d. 1878. 
 
 (A). Susan Margaret Gustin m., 1830, Jacob 
 Losey, b. 1803; d. 1888. They had 8 ch. : i. John H., 
 b. 1831; d. Nov. 15, 1889; m., April 25, 1853, Ellen E. 
 Brown, b. 1828. They had Susan E., b. Dec. 3, 1854; 
 d. Sept., 1855; John Jacob, b. Nov. 15, 1857; d. Feb. 7, 
 1881, unmarried; Thomas H., b. Jan. 18, 1862; un- 
 married; Nelson Ames, b. April i, 1864; d. March, 
 1865; Harriet PL, b. May 4, 1867; m., Nov. 3, 1895, 
 Louis F. Timmerman, and had Louis F., Jr., b. Oct. 9, 
 1896, and Helen L., b. Dec. 8, 1903; Louise S., b. 
 March 6, 1872; m., June 28, 1898, Edward L. Bunn. 2. 
 
 Joseph Insley, b. 1832; m. Rose ' — , who died in 
 
 1880, without issue; Joseph m. as second wife, Ellen 
 Marcellis, and had Flossie, b. 1885. 3. Ebenezer L., 
 b. 1836; m. Eliza Watt, and had Ebenezer, Eleazer 
 John, Gustin, Lizzie, Hattie and Nellie. 4. Sarah. 
 
152 GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 
 
 b. 1839; d. young. 5. Elizabeth, b. 1839; d. young; 
 Sarah and Elizabeth were twins. 6. Edgar D., b. 
 1840; m. Kate Doren, and had Maggie, Hattie, John, 
 Nellie, Christopher, Edgar and Kate. 7. Samuel 
 G., b. 1849. 8. Susan H., b. 1859. 
 
 David Gustin then married Elizabeth Roy, b. about 
 1 781; d. Oct. 30, 1 85 1. They had 3 children: 
 
 1. Bernard Owen, d. young. 
 
 2. Samuel Insley, d. July, 1879. 
 
 3. Sarah Roy, b. 181 1 ; d. July 26, 1874. 
 
 (A). Samuel Insley Gustin m. Adeline Woodruff, 
 b. Jan. 12, 1816; d. Oct., 1873. They had 3 ch. : i. 
 Sophie E., b. March 4, 1843; d. Aug. 8, 1904- 2. 
 George Woodruff, b. Jan. 29, 1846; d. May 5, 1895, 
 unmarried. 3. Helen, b. May 8, 1853; m., Dec. 20, 
 1877, George H. Logan, and had Louise Adeline and 
 Georgia Insley, who m. William Chambliss Redding, 
 and had William Chambliss, Jr., b. 1907. 
 
 (B). Sarah Roy Gustin m., Nov. 18, 1830, James 
 Deazley, b. 1805; d. Aug. 10, i860. They had 7 ch. : i. 
 David Nesbit, b. Jan. 25, 1832; d. Nov. 13, i860; m., 
 Nov. 16, 1854, Martha J. Ross, and had 3 ch. — Sarah E., 
 b. Nov. 6, 1855; m. Seely Ryerson, July, 1890. Mary 
 Adeline, b. Nov. 21, 1857; m., Nov. 10, 1883, Fred M. 
 Pellet. They had Maude L., b. 1884, and Obie A., b. 
 Aug., 1890. James A., b. April 16, 1859; d. Feb. 20, 
 1861. 2. Mary E., b. July 19, 1833; d. Feb. 17, i860; 
 m.. Nov. 29, 1849, William Haines. They had 2 ch. 
 George J., b. Sept. 21, 1852; d. Jan. 5, 1905; m., about 
 1885. Marguerite Sanderson (no issue), and Sarah 
 Adeline, b. June 10. 1854; d. March 14, 1855. 3. 
 James, b. Aug. 3, 1835: d. March 13, 1855, unmarried. 
 4. Augustus, b. Feb. 24, 1837; d. Feb. 7, 1859, un- 
 married. 5. Sarah Margaretta, b. Sept. 27, 1839; d. 
 July 18, 1854. 6. Maria Adeline, b. Aug. 27, 1843; d. 
 Oct. 12, 1845. 7. Louise Shafer, b. March 9, 1846; 
 
GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 
 
 ^53 
 
 m., March 8, 1866, George Stuart McCarter. No chil- 
 dren. He is a broker, at Paterson, N. J. 
 
 SIXTH BRANCH. 
 Descendants of JOSEPH INSLEY ROY. 
 
 Joseph Insley Roy, son of John and Margaret Shafer 
 Roy, m., April 24, 1817, Sarah Linn. He married again, 
 March 12. 1823, Nancy Drake. They had 4 children : 
 
 1. Nathan Roy, m. Eveline Hopping. 
 
 2. David Roy, m. Kate Greenmyer. 
 
 3. Alfred, deceased. 
 
 4. James R., deceased. 
 
GROUP THREE. 
 
 The Descendants of 
 CASPER SCHAEFFER, by his son ABRAHAM SHAVER. 
 
 Col. Abraham Shaver (or Shafer), b. Dec. 17, 1754; 
 d. Jan. II, 1820; son of Casper and Maria Catrina (Bern- 
 hardt) Schaeffer; m., Jan. 19, 1781, Sarah Armstrong, b. 
 Jan. 10, 1761; d. Aug. 27, 1827. She was daughter of 
 Nathan and Uphamy (Wright) Armstrong. They re- 
 sided at Stillwater, Sussex County, N. J. They are 
 buried at the Yellow Frame. They had 10 children: 
 
 1. Maria Catharine, b. Oct. 16, 1782; d. April 13, 
 1808; m. John Johnson. See First Branch. 
 
 2. Casper, M. D., b. June 10, 1784; d. August 3, 1857; 
 m., I St, Clarissa Golden; 2d, Mrs. Sarah (Maag) Hahn. 
 See Second Branch. 
 
 3. Nathan Armstrong, b. Feb. 17, 1786; d. Dec. 2, 
 1849; m. Sarah Linn. See Third Branch. 
 
 4. Peter Bernhardt, b. April 10, 1788; d. Feb. 8, 
 1861; m. Rebecca Hendric. See Fourth Branch. 
 
 5. EuPHEMiA Wright, b. Dec. 20, 1792; d. June 26, 
 1870; m. Henry Miller. See Fifth Branch. 
 
 6. Sarah, b. Feb. 9, 1795; d. May 2, 1868; m. Jacob 
 Randolph Castner. See Sixth Branch. 
 
 7. William Armstrong, b. July 18, 1797; d. Aug. 6, 
 1872; m. Fanny Stewart. See Seventh Branch. 
 
 8. Margaretta Roy, b. Aug. 13, 1799; d. May i, 
 1879, unmarried. 
 
 9. Elizabeth Hannah, b. Dec. 4, 1802; d. Feb. 3, 
 1833; m. Isaac Newton Candee. See Eighth Branch. 
 
 10. Robert Finley, b. November 5, 1805; d. Nov. 5, 
 1889; m., Nov. 28, 1854, Jane McNair, of Dansville, N. 
 Y., daughter of William D. and Anne (Wilkinson) Mc- 
 Nair. No children. 
 
GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 
 
 155 
 
 FIRST BRANCH. 
 
 The Descendants of 
 JOHN and MARIA CATHARINE (SCHAEFFER) JOHNSON. 
 
 Maria Catharine Schaeffer m., April 28, 1804, 
 John Johnson, b. Sept. 5, 1764; d. Feb. 8, 1829; son of 
 Henry and Susanna (Hover) Johnson. Maria and John 
 are buried at Newton, N. J. Three children : 
 
 1. William Jefferson, M. D., b. March 13, 1805; d. 
 Sept. 22, i860; buried at Newton, N. J. 
 
 2. Whitfield Schaeffer, b. Nov. 14, 1806; d Dec 
 24, 1874; buried at Trenton, N. J. 
 
 3. Sarah Catharine, b. March 29, i8o8- d un- 
 married, Sept. 28, 1868; buried at Newton, N. J.' ' 
 
 (John Johnson had six children by his first wife 
 Hannah Roy. See Group Two, Second Branch.) 
 
 S^}'- y^^^L"^^ Jefferson Johnson m. Eliza Durfee 
 who died Nov. 14, 1873. Res. at Washington, N T • 
 afterwards in New York City. Four ch. : i Martha' 
 d. unmarried. 2. Whitfield Schaeffer, Jr., married' 
 but had no children; d. in California, Oct. 22, 1873. 3 
 Amanda, d. unmarried. 4. Margaretta L., b. June 24 
 1840; m., April 27, 1865, Lucius Frank Reed, b. Sept' 
 24, 1826; son of Daniel and Cynthia (Warner) Reed 
 Res. in New York City. One ch., Ella Louise, b. May 
 2y, 1870. 
 
 (B). Whitfield Schaeffer Johnson^ m., Oct. 4, 
 
 'Whitfield Schaeffer Johnson was born at Newton, N T Nov 
 14, 1806 was admitted to the bar in 1828, and practiced i'aw at 
 Newton till 1861. Was Prosecutor of the Pleas for Sussex County 
 for nearly 20 years, and was an Elder in the Presbyterian Church 
 ^ewton, 1855-63. In 1861 he was appointed Secretary of State of 
 iMew Jersey by Governor Olden, holding the office until 1866 On 
 receiving the appointment he removed to Trenton, where he resided 
 at the time of his death, Dec. 24, 1874. 
 
156 GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 
 
 1837, Ellen Green, daughter of Enoch and Mary (Bidle- 
 man) Green, of Phillipsburg, N. J. Seven ch., all of 
 whom were born at Newton, N. J. i. Mary Mar- 
 GARETTA. 2. Emily Eliza, d. iQOi, Unmarried. 3. 
 Laura Catharine. 4. Elizabeth Bidleman. 5. 
 William Mindred,' b. Dec. 2, 1847; m., Oct. 22, 1872, 
 Maria E. White, daughter of William and Hannah 
 (Haines) White. Had 3 ch. — Walter Whitfield, b. 
 at Trenton, N. J., April 13, 1875; d. March 16, 1891, 
 at school, Lawrenceville, N. J. George White, b. July 
 26, 1877. William Kempton. b. February 25, 1883. 6. 
 Margaret Green, d. in 1897. 7. Ellen Green. 
 
 SECOND BRANCH. 
 CASPER SCHAEFFER and his vrife SARAH. 
 
 Rev. Casper Schaeffer, M. D., m., May 17, 18 10, 
 Clarissa Golden, d. Jan. 12, 1816. They had a son and 
 daughter, both of whom died in infancy. After the death 
 of Clarissa, he married, Jan. i. 1818, Mrs. Sarah (Maag) 
 Hahn, widow of William Hahn. Had 4 children : 
 
 1. Sarah Elizabeth. 
 
 2. Euphemia, b. Nov. 16, 1820; d. Jan. 24, 1895. 
 
 3. Amanda Margaretta. 
 
 4. Gilbert Livingston, d. at two years of age. 
 
 'William Mindred Johnson was born at Newton, N. J., Dec. 2, 
 1847. Graduated at Princeton 1867, was admitted to the bar in 1870. 
 Practiced at Trenton four years. Removed to Hackensack, N. J., in 
 1875, where he has continued to practice law. Was elected Senator 
 from Bergen County to N. J. Senate in 1895, was re-elected in 1898. 
 Was President of the Senate 1900, and acting Governor during 
 absence of Governor Voorhees in Europe in May and June. Was 
 appointed First Assistant Postmaster General by President McKinley 
 in Aug., 1900, and held that office till April, 1902, when he resigned. 
 Was delegate to Republican National Convention, 1888 and 1904, and 
 Chairman of Republican State Convention in 1900, also in 1904. 
 
GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 157 
 
 (A). Sarah Elizabeth Schaeffer m., April, 1843, 
 Thomas Kimber, and had Sarah Schaeffer, b. July 7, 
 1848. 
 
 (B). Euphemia Schaeffer m., May, 1843, Reuben 
 Beitenman Miller, of Philadelphia. Had 9 ch. — i. Mary 
 Hahn, b. May 9, 1844; m. Edwin R. Prichard. Had 4 
 %ch. : Mary Gertrude, b. July 7, 1868; d. Feb. 27, 1870. 
 Reuben Miller, b. Nov. 18, 1871. Helen Elizabeth, 
 b. Aug. 4, 1878. Edwin Ruthven, b. Nov. 14, 1885. 2. 
 Sarah Gertrude, b. March 4, 1846. 3. Ellen 
 Augusta, b. Jan. 24, 1848; d. July, 1900; m. James G. 
 Finley. Had 4 ch. : Margaret Graham, b. Feb. 16, 
 1874; m. Rev. Theodore Wm. Kretschmann, and had 
 Phillip Miller, b. Oct. 13. 1897, and Herbert Finley, 
 b. Oct., 1903. Gertrude Susan, b. May 16, 1876; m. 
 Walter Hahn Jarden. Had 2 ch. : Ellen Margaretta, 
 b. June 12, 1901, and Robert Von Leer, b. Aug. 31, 
 1905. Nellie, b. June 3, 1881; d. Jan. 21, 1889. 
 James Herbert, b. Feb. 6, 1885. 4- Euphemia 
 Schaeffer, b. Sept. 15, 1850. 5. William Casper, b. 
 May 3, 1853; d. Aug. 7, 1888. 6. Ida Virginia, b. Sept. 
 18, 1855; d. Nov. II, 1891; m. Rev. Charles J. Kirzel, 
 and had Carl Henry, b. Jan. 4, 1880; m. Clara Koch; 
 Marion Virginia, b. Nov. 19, 1881; Graham Finley, 
 b. June 24, 1883, and Ralph Frederick, b. Nov. 29, 
 1884; d. July 25, 1885. 7. Emily Josephine, b. July 
 20, 1858; m. Henry C. Boenning, M. D., and had Wil- 
 liam Miller, b. Sept. 13, 1882; m. Grace Rorke; Henry 
 Dorr, b. Sept. 11, 1889, and Emily Meta, b. June 22, 
 1897. 8. E. Augustus, b. Dec. 11, i860; m. Mary Van 
 Reed, and had Paul Van Reed, b. Feb. 15, 1889; Mil- 
 dred, b. Jan. 5, 1 89 1, and Harold Schaeffer, b. Oct. 4, 
 1892. 9. Florence, b. Feb. 3, 1866; m. Rev. Charles J. 
 Kirzel, and had Augustus Miller, b. Nov. 20, 1894, 
 and Euphemia Schaeffer, b. June 14, 1902. 
 
158 GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 
 
 THIRD BRANCH. 
 
 The Descendants of 
 NATHAN ARMSTRONG and SARAH (LINN) SHAFER. 
 
 Nathan Armstrong Shafer m., April 10, 1822, 
 Sarah Linn, b. March 7, 1796; d. June 19, 1876; daughter 
 of John and Martha (Hunt) Linn; grand-daughter of 
 Joseph and Martha (Kirkpatrick) Linn, and of Richard 
 and Mercy (Hull) Hunt. Had 7 children: 
 
 1. Mary Elizabeth, b. Jan. 21, 1823, living at Still- 
 water. 
 
 2. William, b. Oct. 31, 1824; d. April 13, 1840. 
 
 3. Abram, b. Dec. 14, 1826. 
 
 4. Joseph Linn, b. Aug. 12, 1828; d. in Flanders, 
 N.J. 
 
 5. LuciLLA Linn, b. Dec. 25, 1832. 
 
 6. Martha Louisa, b. Jan. 3, 1835; d. Aug. 23, 1871. 
 
 7. Emma, b. Jan. 8, 1831; d. May 16, 1833. 
 
 (A). Mary Elizabeth Schaeffer m., Nov. 14, 
 1844, Joseph Hurd Coursen, b. June 4, 182 1 ; son of Isaac 
 Vantile and Phebe (Hurd) Coursen. Res. at Stillwater, 
 N. J. Had 4 ch. — i. William Edwin. 2. Emma 
 Louisa. 3. Edgar Coursen. 4. Lucilla Linn. 
 
 (B). Abram Schaeffer m., Sept. 2^, 1857, Hannah 
 Emeline Casterline, b. March 25, 1833; d. Feb. 8, 1894; 
 daughter of Silas and Maria (Dildine) Casterline. Had 
 7 ch. — I. Mary Louisa, deceased. 2. William Edwin, 
 b. Oct. 25, 1861. 3. Horatio Linn, b. Dec. 4, 1862; d. 
 Oct. 15, 1880. 4. Fred Gustin, b. Dec. 4, 1862; lives in 
 St. Louis. 5. Sarah Linn, b. May 31, 1868; m. Frank 
 Clark, and had Arthur and Leslie. 6. Winsted 
 Casterline, b. Sept. 15, 1870. 7. Nellie Morris, b. 
 May 15, 1875. ^^s. at Sedgwick, Kan. 
 
 (C). Joseph Linn Shafer m. Elizabeth Ward. Had 
 2 ch. — ^i. Louise Linn. 2. Frank. Res. at Jersey City, 
 N.J. 
 
GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 159 
 
 (D). LuciLLA Linn Shafer m., Sept. 28, 1858, at 
 Stillwater, N. J., David Hunt Morris, b. Oct. 16, 1833, at 
 Newton, N. J.; son of Jonathan Ford and Sarah Roy 
 (Hunt) Morris, grandson of Dr. David Hunt, great- 
 grandson of Lieut. Richard Hunt. Res. at Roseville, N. 
 J. Had 6 ch. — i. Nellie Louise, b. Sept. 7, 1859, at 
 Iowa City, Iowa; m., Sept. 7, 1881, Horace Poinier Cook, 
 b. April 18, 1859; son of Jabez and Harriet J. (Meyers) 
 Cook. They had Madge Estelle, b. Dec. 11, 1882; 
 Morris Poinier, b. Sept. 24, 1886; d. April 2, 1887; 
 Helen Marguerite, b. May 18. 1889; d. July 6, 1890. 
 Res. at Newark, N. J. 2. William Edward, b. Jan. 19, 
 1862, at Norwalk, Conn. 3. Mary Josephine, b. March 
 19, 1864. 4. Sarah Adelaide, b. March 24, 1866; d. 
 Oct. 24, 1876. 5. Carrie Linn, b. Nov. 8, 1868, at 
 Newark, N. J.: d. March 20, 1871. 6. Annie Lucilla, 
 b. May 2j, 1871; d. Nov. 13, 1876. 
 
 FOURTH BRANCH. 
 
 The Descendants of PETER BERNHARDT and 
 REBECCA (HENDRIC) SCHAEFFER. 
 
 Peter Bernhardt Schaeffer m., April 6, 183 1, Mrs. 
 Rebecca Howie Vail, b. May, 1793; d. July 29, i860; 
 daughter of Dr. Joseph J. Hendric. Three children : 
 
 1. Abram Edwin, b. Feb. 19, 1832; d. April 12, 1833. 
 
 2. Mary Adelaide, b. Oct. 5, 1833. 
 
 3. Alexander Castner, b. June 2, 1838; served in 
 Harris Light Cavalry, and was a prisoner at Libby. 
 
 (A). Mary Adelaide Schaeffer m., in 1852, Robert 
 Finley Denis, M. D., who died in 1874, and is buried at 
 Puerta Plata, Santo Domingo. Res. in Denver, Col. 
 Four ch. — I. WiLLARD Hendric, b. July 19, 1854. 2. 
 Herman L., b. Aug. 3, 1856; m. Helene E. Trask; had 
 
l6o GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 
 
 I ch., Eleanor Adelaide. 3. Bertha, b. Jan. 17, 1863. 
 
 4. Adelaide, b. Aug. 15, 1865. 
 
 (B). Alexander Castner Shaffer m., in 1875, 
 Amelia Jane Terry, who d. in 1906, daughter of John K. 
 and Deziah Terry, of Elmira, N. Y'. One ch., Edward 
 Terry Hendric, b. June 20, 1880. Res. at Walterboro, 
 
 5. C 
 
 FIFTH BRANCH. 
 
 The Descendants of 
 
 HENRY and EUPHEMIA WRIGHT (SCHAEFFER) 
 MILLER. 
 
 Euphemia Wright Schaeffer m., Nov. 7, 1816, 
 (Major Henry Miller, son of Major David Miller, of 
 German Valley, N. J., and his wife, Mary Welsh. Four 
 children : 
 
 1. Sarah Elizabeth, b. March 2, 1818; d. June, 
 
 1834. 
 
 2. Margaretta Schaeffer, b. Jan. 20, 1820. 
 
 3. James Edwin, b. April 13, 1823; d. Oct 24, 1885. 
 
 4. Emma Louise, b. Jan. 14, 1826. 
 
 (A). Rev. James Edwin Miller m., Aug. 17, 1858, 
 Frances Gildersleeve Davis, b. Nov. 22, 1835; d. June, 
 1872; daughter of Charles Davis, M. D., b. Feb. 9, 1797, 
 and his wife, Matilda Gildersleeve, b. Dec. 26, 1812. 
 Had 2 ch. — I. Hugh Wilson, b. June 10, 1859; d. May 
 24, 1906. 2. Caroline Gildersleeve, b. April 25, 
 1863. 
 
 SIXTH BRANCH. 
 
 The Descendants of JACOB RANDOLPH and 
 SARAH (SCHAEFFER) CASTNER. 
 
 Sarah Schaeffer m., Feb. 2, 1814, Rev. Jacob Ran- 
 
GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 
 
 i6i 
 
 dolph Castner, b. July 24, 1785, at Liberty Corner, N. J.; 
 d. March 19, 1848; son of Peter and Margaret (Comp- 
 ton) Castner; grandson of Jacob Castner. Res. near 
 Washington, N. J. Had 10 children : 
 
 1. Mary Welch. 
 
 2. Margaretta, b. July 24, 1819; d. Sept. 3, 1886. 
 
 3. Emma Louise, d. in childhood. 
 
 4. John Calvin Knox, b. June 12, 1822; d. March 8, 
 1895; buried at Greenwood Cemetery, Trenton, N. J. 
 
 5. Sarah E., deceased. 
 
 6. William P., d. in childhood. 
 
 7. Edmund Burke, b. Oct. 15, 1827. 
 
 8. Elizabeth Schaeffer. 
 
 9. Anna Matilda, deceased; m. Henry Bergen. 
 
 10. Amanda Euphemia. 
 
 (A). Mary Welch Castner m., July 28, 1844, 
 Lyndon Graves Lyman, deceased, son of Aaron and 
 Electa (Graves) Lyman. Two ch. — i. Emma Castner, 
 b. Dec. 8, 1845; m., Jan. 5, 1871, Peter Hoffman Cramer, 
 son of Matthias and Charlotte (Hoffman) Cramer. Res. 
 at Newark, N. J. One ch., Jessie Louise, b. Jan. 11, 
 1880. 2. Mary Castner, b. Oct. 5, 1847, at Washing- 
 ton, N. J.; m., Dec. 26, 1866, Joseph Heath Menagh, b. 
 March 21, 1846, at Schooleys Mountain, N. J.; son of 
 Hugh and Lavinia (Heath) Menagh. Hugh was born 
 March 22, 1822, at Beattystown, N. J. Lavinia was born 
 Nov. 13, 1824; d. April 2, 1847. Res. at Newark, N. J. 
 Four ch. : Lyndon Lyman, b. Aug. 25, 1868, at 
 Schooleys Mountain. Joseph, b. July 26, 1870; d. in 
 infancy. Jennie Lavinia, b. Sept. 24, 1871, at Cata- 
 sauqua. Pa. Mary Emma, b. Jan. 22, 1875, at Newark, 
 N. J. 
 
 (B). Margaretta Castner m., Aug. 2, 1852, Rev. 
 George K. Marriner, b. Nov. 9, 1821; d. Sept. 5, 1869; 
 son of Gilbert and Deborah (Maull) Marriner. of Lewes. 
 
 f " 
 
1^2 GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 
 
 Del. George was pastor of Presbyterian Church at 
 Cochecton, N. Y., at Northport, N. Y., and at Warren, 
 Pa. He is buried in Mt. Peace Cemetery, Philadelphia^ 
 Pa. ; Margaretta, in Evergreen Cemetery, Elizabeth, N. j' 
 Had I ch, Anna Castner, b. Aug. 23, 1853. Res. at 
 Trenton, N. J. 
 
 (C). John Calvin Knox Castner m., in 1854, Ellen 
 Lowery, daughter of Clark and Elizabeth (Craig) 
 Lowery. Res. at Trenton, N. J. Had 6 ch. — i. Mary 
 C, b. Aug. 24, 1855. 2. Theodore, b. Sept. 14, i860; 
 d. November 19, 1876. 3. Annie Robinson, b. Oct. 18, 
 1857; m., Nov. 24, 1880, Rudolph Frederick Kampen, 
 son of Henry Theodore and Caroline (Zurlinden) Kam- 
 pen, of Nettingen, Westphalia, Prussia. 4. Ulysses 
 Grant, b. Dec. 6, 1863. 5. Ida Berthoud, b. April 13, 
 1866. 6. Minna A., b. Jan. 19, 1872. 
 
 (D). Edmund Burke Castner m. Sarah Parker 
 Davis, b. Dec. 29, 1829, daughter of Conrad and Sarah 
 (Weller) Davis. Res. at Newark, N. J. Ten ch. — i. 
 Mary Louisa, b. Nov. 4, 1850; d. Jan. 15, 1881; m. 
 Thomas E. Doughty. 2. Jacob R., b. April 17, 1853; m. 
 Bella Kierstead. 3. Edmund Burke, Jr., b. Oct. 14, 
 1855; m. Minnie Schlegel. 4. Anna M., b. Oct. i, 
 1858; m. John H. Bird. 5. William Schaeffer, b. 
 March 9, i860. 6. Alexander Berthoud, b. Oct. 5, 
 1862. 7. Peter Sanford, b. Jan. 22, 1864. 8. Sarah 
 Elizabeth, b. Nov. 9, 1865; d. Dec. 20, 1866. 9. John 
 Davis, M. D., b. Nov. 13, 1868. 10. Lena May, b. July 
 16, 1871 ; m. John Donelly. 
 
 (E). Elizabeth Schaeffer Castner m., Sept. i, 
 1848, John Power Davis, b. March 29, 1819; son of 
 Conrad and Sarah (Weller) Davis, grandson of Conrad 
 and Rebecca (Johnson) Davis. Res. at East Orange, N. 
 J. Seven ch. — ^i. Sarah Castner, b. June 19, 1849, ^^ 
 Port Golden, N. J. 2. Jacob Frederick, b. Dec. 22, 
 1852, at Newark, N. J. 3. Ella, b. in August, 1854; 
 married John B. Day; she died Oct. 29, 1906. 4. 
 
GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 1 63 
 
 Edward, deceased. 5. Frank, deceased. 6. Anna 
 Castner, b. in August, 1857; m. Charles S. Menagh, b. 
 Oct. I, 1856; son of Hugh and Carohne (Sharp) 
 Menagh. 7. William Henry Kirk, M. D. 
 
 (F). Amanda Euphemia Castner m. Jacob Castner 
 Winter, M. D. One ch., Ida W. After the death of 
 Jacob, who died within six months after his marriage, 
 Amanda married Col. Alexander P. Berthoud, who died 
 at Newton, N. J., June, 1894. 
 
 Ida W. Winter m. Charles Killgore, b. Dec. 8, 1849; 
 son of Robert J. and Alice (Van Syckel) Killgore, grand- 
 son of Charles and Louisa (Ficklen) Killgore, and of 
 Aaron and Mary (Bird) Van Syckel. Res. in New York 
 City. Three ch., Robert Berthoud, b. Jan. 17, 1876, 
 in Utica, N. Y. ; Anderson Nelson, b. Oct. 3, 1880, in 
 Utica, N. Y, and Edward Winter, b. Aug. 24, 1892, at 
 Hotel Endicott, in New York City. 
 
 SEVENTH BRANCH. 
 
 The Descendants of ^HTILLIAM ARMSTRONG and 
 FANNY (STE'WART) SCHAEFFER. 
 
 William Armstrong Schaeffer m., Oct. 17, 1839, 
 Fanny Stewart, b. Oct. 17, 1805; d. Dec. 18, 1880; 
 daughter of John and Sarah (Bird) Stewart, and grand- 
 daughter of William Stewart. William is buried at 
 Yellow Frame; Fanny, at Fairmount Cemetery, Newark, 
 N. J. Two children : 
 
 1. Abram Edwin, b. Aug. 7, 1840. 
 
 2. John Stewart, b. June 17, 1843. 
 Both born at Stillwater, N. J. 
 
 (A). Abram Edwin Schaeffer m., Sept. 20, 1858, 
 Ann Elizabeth Johnson, b. Nov. 5, 1840; daughter of 
 William Schaeffer and Elizabeth (Drake) Johnson. Res. 
 at Newark, N. J. Four ch. — i. John Casper, b. Oct. 26, 
 
164 GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 
 
 1859; m., Feb. 13, 1878, Anna Alston, b. May 19, 1858; 
 daughter of William Beach and Elizabeth (Arlington) 
 Alston. Res. at Brooklyn, N. Y. Had 3 ch., born at 
 Newark, N. J. : Harry Alston, b. July 11, 1879; Lettie 
 Walsh, b. Jan. 23, 1881, and Raymond, b. April 26, 
 1884. 2. Fanny Margaretta, b. March 27, 1861; d, 
 March 13, 1893; buried at Bethel, Conn.; m., Sept. 29, 
 1880, Frank G. Trowbridge, b. March 15, 1856; son of 
 George S. Trowbridge, of Bethel, Conn., and his wife, 
 Elizabeth Kealer, of Ridgefield, Conn. Had i ch., 
 Florence Amelia, b. at Newark, N. J. 3. Howard 
 William, b. March 14, 1864; m., Aug. 15, 1887, Nettie 
 Wright, b. Sept. 15, 1867; daughter of Ephraim and 
 Margaret (Snell) Wright. Res. at Newark, N. J. 4- 
 Lizzie May, b. May i, 1869. 
 
 (B). John Stewart Schaeffer m. Georgia Emma 
 Walsh, b. May 6, 1846; daughter of Josiah and Elizabeth 
 Frances (Bates) Walsh. One ch.. Bertha, b. Nov. 5, 
 1 87 1, who m. James Bruce Hay. and has a daughter, 
 Gertrude Eugene, b. Jan. 11, 1894. 
 
 EIGHTH BRANCH. 
 
 The Descendants of ISAAC NE"WTON 
 and ELIZABETH HANNAH (SCHAEFFER) CANDEE. 
 
 Elizabeth Hannah Schaeffer m., Jan. i, 1829, 
 Rev. Isaac Newton Candee, D. D., b. Oct. 30, 1801; d. 
 at Peoria, 111., June 20. 1874; buried in Hope Cemetery, 
 Galesburg, 111.; son of Nehemiah and Content (Wood- 
 ruff) Candee. One child : 
 
 Sarah Schaeffer, b. Oct. 16, 1830, at Belvidere, N. 
 J.; m., Nov. 27, 1856, at La Fayette, Ind., Newton 
 Burder Love, b. March 13, 1827, at Steelville, Chester 
 County, Pa.; d. May 7, 1888, at Peoria, 111.; buried in the 
 Candee lot at Galesburg, 111. ; son of John Adam and Abi 
 
GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 165 
 
 Jane (Andrews) Love, of Chester County, Pa. Three 
 ch. — I. Ida Candee, b. Nov. lo, 1858, at Galesburg, 111. 
 2. Anna Louisa, b. May 27, 1861, at Plymouth, 111.; m., 
 Jan. 14, 1886, Thomas Dick Archer, who died Feb. 
 19, 1891. Had I ch., Jessie Candee, b. Oct. 15, 1887, 
 at Huron, Dakota. 3. Newton Meredith, b. Sept. 21, 
 1869, at Peoria, 111. Res. at Peoria, 111. 
 
GROUP FOUR. 
 
 The Descendants of 
 CASPER SCHAEFFER BY HIS SON ISAAC. 
 
 Major Isaac Shafer, b. June 4, 1760; d. March 27, 
 1800; m., March 13, 1786, Martha Linn, daughter of 
 Joseph and Elizabeth (Kirkpatrick) Linn. He is buried 
 at the Yellow Frame. They had 4 children : 
 
 1. Rev. Joseph Linn, D. D., b. May 12, 1787; d. 
 'Nov. 12, 1853. He was pastor of the Presbyterian 
 Church at Newton, N. J., for thirty-eight years, 1812-35, 
 1838-53. He married Diana Forman. See First Branch. 
 
 2. Archibald Stinson, b. March i, 1789; died when 
 a young man. 
 
 3. Margaret R., d. April 19, 1830; m. Ross Crane, 
 who d. Aug. 20, 1857. See Second Branch. 
 
 4. Peter B., Jr., b. 1795; d. April 13, 1868; m., 
 March 16, 1820, Amelia L. Fairchild. See Third Branch. 
 
 FIRST BRANCH. 
 
 Descendants of MAJOR ISAAC SHAFER 
 by his son REY. JOSEPH LINN SHAFER 
 
 Rev. Joseph Linn Shafer, D. D., m. Diana Forman. 
 They had 6 children : 
 
 1. Thomas Henderson, d. Aug. 8, 1898. 
 
 2. Amelia Matilda, d. Jan. 20, 1900. 
 
 3. Jonathan Forman, b. 181 5; d. March 15, 1871. 
 
 4. Stockton Halstead, b. Sept. 30, 1825; d. Jan. 10, 
 1877. 
 
GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 1 67 
 
 5. Catharine Rose. d. Dec. 22, 1907. 
 
 6. Alexander, d. Aug-. 8, 1892. 
 
 The four last-named were unmarried. 
 
 (A). Thomas Henderson Shafer m. Caroline F. 
 Webb, and had 2 ch. — ^i. Julia M. 2. Emma L. Both 
 unmarried. 
 
 (B). Amelia Matilda Shafer m. John Walton, and 
 had I child, William, d. July 30, 1900; m. Gertrude 
 Babbitt, and had Alice. 
 
 SECOND BRANCH. 
 
 Descendants of MAJOR ISAAC SHAFER by his daughter 
 MARGARET R., the wife of Ross Crane. 
 
 Margaret R. Shafer m. Ross Crane. They had 7 
 children : 
 
 1. Sarah. 
 
 2. Isaac Watson, b. Nov. 25, 1818; d. May 8, 1896. 
 
 3. Mary Ann, d. Sept. 10, 1828. 
 
 4. David Edgar, b. Sept. i, 1823; d. June 23, 1862. 
 
 5. Elizabeth, b. 1827; d. 1892. 
 
 6. Theodore, M. D., b. Dec. 5, 1829; d. 1890. 
 
 7. John. 
 
 (A). Sarah Crane m. Lewis Beach, and had 4 ch. — 
 I. Emma, who m. George Marvin, and had 2 ch. : Louis 
 
 m. — , and Louise m. Dusenberry. 2. 
 
 Theodore, who m. Copeland, and had Jennie, 
 
 who m. . 3. Josephine m. Thompson. 
 
 4. William m. . 
 
 (B). Isaac Watson Crane m. Sophia B. Sharpe, and 
 
1 68 GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 
 
 had 4 ch.— I. Mary K, d. Dec. 28, 1844. 2. Margaret 
 Ellen, d. 1881; m. W. G. Sutphin, and had W. G. 
 SuTPHiN, Jr., who died in infancy. 3. John T. Crane, 
 m. EHzabeth Little, and had 2 ch., Nellie, who m. W. J. 
 Alford and had W. J. Alford, Jr., Nellie Crane, 
 Herbert Watson and Edward Little, deceased; and 
 Jennie, who m. Charles W. Morrison, and had Theo- 
 dore Crane. 4. Theodore Crane, Jr., m. Marietta 
 White, and had Mary Eleanor, Genevieve Sharp and 
 Francis White Martin. 
 
 (C). David Edgar Crane m. Elizabeth K. Sharp, and 
 had 4 ch. — I. Laura, m. Jacob C. Bell. 2. Elizabeth, 
 m. Jacob W. Davis, and had 6 ch., Cora (who m. Wil- 
 liam H. Rice and had Kenneth, Harold De Witte, 
 Ellsworth, who died in infancy, and Nancy Eliza- 
 beth), Ella (who m. Edgar Park and had Leonard and 
 Ralph), Mary Raymond, William H. and Clarence. 
 3. Ross, m. Melissa Martin, and had David Edgar and 
 Theodore. 4. Georgianna, m. Isaac Searles, and had 
 Frederick, who m. Lillie Kishbaiigh, and Elizabeth, 
 who m. Floyd Gruendyke, and had Ruth Crane. 
 
 (D). Elizabeth Crane m. Joseph H. Marsh, b. 
 1819; d. 1852, and had 2 ch. — i. Mary H., b. 1847; d. 
 1872. 2. Margaret Crane, unmarried. 
 
 (E). Dr. Theodore Crane m. Emma E. Shotwell, b. 
 1834; d. 1884, and had 9 ch. — i. Louisa, m. A. O. S. 
 Havens, and had children. 2. Gertrude. 3. Willard 
 P., b. 1861; d. 1862. 4. Arthur M. 5. Margaret S., 
 m.' y. F. Lambias. 6. Myra. 7. Herbert T., b. 1873; 
 d. Oct. 28, 1876. 8. Eliot Earl, b. 1875; d. 1904. 9. 
 Mabel E., b. 1877; d. 1903. 
 
 (F). Dr. John Crane m. Charlotte Ely. He died of 
 yellow fever, at New Utrecht, L. L They had 3 ch. — i. 
 
 Clifford, m. , and had Frederick Clifford and 
 
 (daughter). 2. Charlotte Elizabeth, m. 
 
 George Snell; no children. 3. Frederick. 
 
GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 1 69 
 
 THIRD BRANCH. 
 
 The Descendants of MAJOR ISAAC SHAFER by his son 
 PETER B. SHAFER, Jr. 
 
 Peter B. Shafer, Jr., m., March i6, 1820, Amelia L. 
 Fairchild. He was Colonel of Warren County Militia, 
 and an Elder in the Presbyterian Church at Hacketts- 
 town, N. J. Had 7 children : 
 
 1. Archibald Stinson, b. Dec. 15, 1820. 
 
 2. Eliza Beach, b. Dec. 14, 1822. 
 
 3. Martha Linn, b. Feb. 4, 1825; d. March 24, 1876. 
 
 4. Abraham Fairchild, b. April 26, 1829; d. in 
 infancy. 
 
 5. Isaac, b. April 26, 1829; d. in infancy. 
 
 6. Joseph Henry, b. April 13, 1831. 
 
 7. Edgar Ross, b. Dec. 18, 1833; m. Versilla . 
 
 No issue. 
 
 (A). Archibald Stinson Shafer m., Aug, 6, 18 — , 
 Mary O. Sayre. They had 3 ch. — i. Mary A., b. Oct. 6, 
 1845; m., Nov. 14, 1866, Dr. Parker McL. Burbank, and 
 had 3 ch. : Emily Mary, b. May 3, 1868; Parker S., b. 
 Nov. 14, 1869, and Frederick McLellen, b. Nov. 6, 
 1872, who m. Ellen Cary, d. Feb., 1903. 2. Casper B., 
 b. July 9, 1848; m., June 26, 1872, Maggie Rea, and had 
 4 ch. : Mary, who m., June, 1904, Donald MacMillan; 
 Margaret, who m., April, 1904, Dr. George Marshall; 
 Casper, who d. May, 1888, and Rea. 3. Archibald S., 
 b. Sept. 29. 1855; m. Edith Richards, and had Archi- 
 bald, b. Dec, 1884. 
 
 (B). Eliza Beach Shafer m. John W. McNair, and 
 had 3 ch. — I. Amelia Anne, b. Feb. 26, 1862, who m. 
 Evan R. Evans, and had Winifred Marguerite, b. 
 April, 1887; John McNair, Paul Demttnd, Mary 
 Louise Jennette, and Anne. b. 1902. 2. Jennie S., 
 
I70 GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 
 
 b. Sept. 26, 1864. 3. Martha Louisa, b. Nov. 29, 
 1866; m. Fred A. McFarland, and had Arthur. 
 
 (C). Joseph Henry Shafer m., Oct. 23, 1861, Julia 
 R. Ely, who d. Oct., 1876. They had 5 ch. — ^i. Emma 
 Louise, b. May 8, 1864; d. April 23, 1893; m., Sept. 22, 
 
 1892, Rev. J. Garland Hamner. 2. Harry Wallace, 
 b. July 6, 1867; d. July 2, 1886. 3. Frederick Clif- 
 ford, b. 1869; d. in infancy. 4. Wilmot Ely, b. July 
 23, 1871; m., July 16, 1906, Miss Wilson, daughter of 
 P. P. Wilson, of Pomona, Cal. 5. Jennette Remsen, 
 b. May 27, 1874. 
 
 After the death of Julia R., Joseph Henry Shafer 
 m., Jan. 3, 1883, Julia Annabel Budd, who d. Oct. 5, 
 
 1893. They had 2 ch. — i. Julia Budd, b. Sept. 11, 1884. 
 2. Arthur Malcolm, b. Oct. 13, 1889; d. Feb. 11, 1896. 
 On Jan. 19, 1897, Joseph Henry Shafer m. Adelaide 
 Margaret Smillie, as his third wife. 
 
GENEALOGICAL INDEX 
 
 Alford, Edward Little, 168. 
 
 Herbert Watson. 168. 
 
 Nellie Crane. 168. 
 
 W. J.. 168. 
 
 W. J.. Jr., 168. 
 Alston, Anna, 164. 
 
 Elizabeth (Arlington), 164. 
 
 William Beach, 164. 
 Anness, Edna, 147. 
 
 Edward S., 147. 
 
 Hannah. 147. 
 
 Lydia J., 147. 
 
 Samuel, 147. 
 Archer. Jessie Candee, 165. 
 
 Thomas Dick, 165. 
 Armstrong, Elizabeth (Swayze), 
 137. 
 
 John. 140. 
 
 John, Jr.. 137, 140. 
 
 Lydia. 137. 
 
 Margaret Sarah, 140. 
 
 Mary, 145, 146. 
 
 Nathan, 137, 140, 145, 154, 158. 
 
 Sarah (Stinson), 140. 
 
 Uphamy (Wright), 137, 140, 
 154. 
 
 William, 136, 137, 145. 
 Ayres, Elizabeth, 139. 
 
 Jacob Cummings, 139. 
 
 Sarah M. (Read), 139. 
 
 Babbitt, Gertrude, 167. 
 Backer, Benjamin, 147. 
 
 Clara, 147. 
 
 Daniel F., 147. 
 
 Frank, 147. 
 
 Henrietta, 147. 
 Beach. Ann Margaret Savercool, 
 142. 
 
 Anna J., 149. 
 
 Caroline B., 149. 
 
 Etnma, 167. 
 
 Frank J.. 149. 
 
 Henry C, 149. 
 
 Henry N.. 149. 
 
 Jennie, 167. 
 
 Josephine, 167. 
 
 Lewis, 167. 
 
 Theodore, 167. 
 
 William, 167. 
 Beaver, Sarah, 137. 
 Bell, Jacob C, 168. 
 Bentley, Catherine Cochran 
 (Sayre), 138. 
 
 George Vaughn, 138. 
 
 Katharine Hand, 138. 
 Bernhardt. Johan Peter, 135. 
 
 Maria Catrina, 135, 154. 
 Berrien, Eliza, 148. 
 Berthoud, Alexander P., 163. 
 
 Bird, John H., 162. 
 
 Blair, Hetty Maria (Brown), 138. 
 
 Mary Elizabeth, 138. 
 
 Milton Locke, 138. 
 Boenning, Emily Meta, 157. 
 
 Henry C, M. D., 157. 
 
 Henry Dorr, 157. 
 
 William Miller, 157. 
 Bowman, Albert, 147. 
 
 Anna Bell, 147. 
 
 Charles Arthur, 147. 
 
 Emma Leonora, 147. 
 
 Eva, 147. 
 
 Henrietta, 147. 
 
 Martha Horton (Stout), 147. 
 
 Richard T., 147. 
 
 Thomas, 147. 
 Broadlev, E>mma, 141. 
 Brown, Ellen E., 151. 
 Budd, Julia Annabel, 170. 
 Bunn, Edward L.. 151. 
 Bunting. Anna, 144. 
 
 Emma, 144. 
 
 Gershom Coursen, 144. 
 
 John, 144. 
 Burbank. Emily Mary, 169. 
 
 Frederick McClellan, 169. 
 
 Dr. Parker McLellan, 169. 
 
 Parker S., 169. 
 Burr. Anna M., 138. 
 
 Henry, 138. 
 
 Nancy (Shafer), 138. 
 
 Candee, Content (Woodruff), 164. 
 
 Elizabeth Hannah (Schaef- 
 fer), 164. 
 
 Rev. Isaac Newton, D. D., 
 154, 164. 
 
 Nehemiah. 164. 
 Cary, Ellen, 169. 
 Casterline, Hannah Emeline, 158. 
 
 Maria (Dildine), 158. 
 
 Silas. 158. 
 Castner, Alexander Berthoud, 162. 
 
 Amanda Euphemia, 161, 163. 
 
 Anna Matilda, 161. 
 
 Anna M., 162. 
 
 Annie Robinson. 162. 
 
 Edmund Burke, 161, 162. 
 
 Edmund Burke, Jr., 162. 
 
 Elizabeth Schaeffer. 161, 162. 
 
 Emma Louise, 161. 
 
 Ida Berthoud, 162. 
 
 Jacob, 161. 
 
 Jacob Randolph, Rev., 154, 
 160. 
 
 Jacob R., 162. 
 
 John Calvin Knox, 161, 162. 
 
 John Davis. M. D., 162. 
 
 Lena May, 162. 
 
174 
 
 GENEALOGICAL INDEX. 
 
 Margaretta, 161, 162. 
 
 Margfaret (Compton), 161. 
 
 Mary C, 162. 
 
 Mary Louisa, 162. 
 
 Mary Welch, 161. 
 
 Minna A., 162. 
 
 Peter, 161. 
 
 Peter Sanford, 162. 
 
 Sarah E., 161. 
 
 Sarah Elizabeth, 162. 
 
 Sarah (Schaeffer), 160. 
 
 Theodore, 162. 
 
 Ulysses Grant, 162. 
 
 William P., 161. 
 
 William Schaeffer, 162. 
 Clark, Arthur, 158. 
 
 Benjamin Green, 143. 
 
 Edith Shafer, 143. 
 
 Ella Mabel, 143. 
 
 Frank, 158. 
 
 Jasper Scudder, 143. 
 
 Jennie, 143. 
 
 Leslie, 158. 
 
 Mary Louise, 143. 
 Cole, Catharine, 141. 
 Comes, Harriet A., 143. 
 Condit, Ann Maria, 143. 
 
 Anna Melita, 143. 
 
 David Harold, 143. 
 
 Edwin Hiram, 143. 
 
 Elbert Caryl, 143. 
 
 Elbert Clark, 143. 
 
 Rev. Elbert Nevius, 143. 
 
 Elizabeth Wilson, 143. 
 
 George Hiram, 143. 
 
 Rev. Isaac Hiram, 143. 
 
 James WTiyte, 143. 
 
 Paul Grandin, 143. 
 
 Sarah Linn, 143. 
 
 Rev. Thaniel Beers, 143. 
 Cook, Harriet J. (Myers), 159. 
 
 Helen Marguerite, 159. 
 
 Horace Poinier, 159. 
 
 Jabez, 159. 
 
 Madge Estelle, 159. 
 
 Morris Poinier, 159. 
 Cooper, Benjamin, 140. 
 
 Elizabeth, 140. 
 
 Letitia (Culpepper), 140. 
 
 Copeland, — , 167. 
 
 Coursen, A. Hampton, 138. 
 
 Almeda. 138. 
 
 Edgar, 158. 
 
 Emma Louisa, 158. 
 
 Enos, 138. 
 
 Ephraim Green, 138. 
 
 George M., 138. 
 
 Isaac Vantile, 158. 
 
 Jessie Stillwell, 138. 
 
 Joseph Hurd, 158. 
 
 Lucilla Linn, 158. 
 
 Mary (Green), 138. 
 
 Mary Burr, 138. 
 
 Phebe (Hurd), 158. 
 
 William Edwin, 158. 
 Cox, Margaret, 139. 
 Cramer, Charlotte (Hoffman), 161. 
 
 Jessie Louise, 161. 
 
 Matthias, 161. 
 
 Peter Hoffman. 161. 
 Crane, Arthur M., 168. 
 
 Charlotte Elizabeth, 168. 
 
 Clifford, 168. 
 
 David Edgar, 167, 168. 
 
 Delinda H., 149. 
 
 Rev. Elias Nettleton, 149. 
 
 Rev. Elias W., 148, 149. 
 
 Eliot Earl, 168. 
 
 Elizabeth, 167, 168. 
 
 Elizabeth Woodruff, 149. 
 
 Pi-ancis White Martin, 168. 
 
 Frederick, 168. 
 
 Frederick Clifford, 168. 
 
 Genevieve Sharp, 168. 
 
 Georgianna, 168. 
 
 Gertrude, 168. 
 
 Hannah Roy, 148. 
 
 Herbert T., 168. 
 
 Isaac Watson, 167. 
 
 Jennie, 168. 
 
 Dr. John, 167, 168. 
 
 John T., 168. 
 
 Laura, 168. 
 
 Louisa, 168. 
 
 Mabel E., 168. 
 
 Margaret Ellen, 168. 
 
 Margaret S., 168. 
 
 Martha W., 149. 
 
 Mary Ann, 167. 
 
 Mary Eleanor, 168. 
 
 Mary E., 168. 
 
 Myra, 168. 
 
 Nellie. 168. 
 
 Ross, 166. 167, 168. 
 
 Sarah, 167. 
 
 Theodore, 168. 
 
 Theodore, M. D., 167, 168. 
 
 Theodore, Jr.. 168. 
 
 Willard P., 168. 
 
 Davis, Anna Castner, 163. 
 
 Charles, M. D., 160. 
 
 Clarence, 168. 
 
 Cora, 168. 
 
 Conrad, 162. 
 
 Edward, 163. 
 
 Ella, 162, 168. 
 
 Prances Gildersleeve, 160. 
 
 Prank. 163. 
 
 Jacob Frederick, 162. 
 
 Jacob W., 168. 
 
 John Power. 162. 
 
 Mary Raymond, 168. 
 
 Rebecca (Johnson), 162. 
 
 Sarah Castner, 162. 
 
 Sarah Parker, 162. 
 
 Sarah (Weller), 162. 
 
 William H., 168. 
 
 William Henry Kirk, M. D. 
 163. 
 Day, John B., 162. 
 Deazley, Augustus, 152. 
 
 David Nesbit, 152. 
 
 James, 152. 
 
 James A., 152. 
 
 Louise Shafer, 152. 
 
 Maria Adeline, 152. 
 
 Mary E., 152. 
 
GENEALOGICAL INDEX. 
 
 175 
 
 Sarah E., 152. 
 
 Sarah Margaretta, 152. 
 DeGroot. Elias B.. 147. 
 
 Ida Maud, 147. 
 
 Joseph Freeman, 147. 
 Denis, Adelaide, 160. 
 
 Bertha, 160. 
 
 Eleanor Adelaide, 160. 
 
 Herman L., 159. 
 
 Robert Pinley, M. D., 159. 
 
 Williard Hendric, 159. 
 De Noyles, Mattie, 147. 
 Dobbins, Carlton, 147. 
 
 Carlton Anness, 147. 
 
 Catharine B. (Milburn), 147. 
 
 John H., 147. 
 Donelly, John, 162. 
 Doren, Kate, 152. 
 Doughty, Thomas E., 162. 
 Drake, Nancy, 145, 153. 
 Dunlop, Anna Grace, 147. 
 
 Francis, 147. 
 
 Freddie, 147. 
 
 James, 147. 
 
 Margaret Agnes, 147. 
 
 Sarah Isabella, 147. 
 
 Thomas Harry, 147. 
 Durfee, Elizabeth, 155. 
 Dusenberry, , 167. 
 
 EJdwards, Rev. James Cook, 146, 
 149. 
 
 James William, 149. 
 
 John W. 149. 
 Ellermeyer, Charles A., 140. 
 
 Mary Louisa, 140. 
 Ely, Charlotte, 168. 
 
 Julia R., 170. 
 Endean, James, 146. 
 
 Mary A., 146. 
 
 Mary (Matthews), 146, 
 Evans, Anne. 169. 
 
 Evan R., 169. 
 
 John McNair, 169. 
 
 Marv Louise Jennette, 169. 
 
 Paul DeMund, 169. 
 
 Winifred Marguerite, 169. 
 
 Fairchild, Amelia L., 166, 169. 
 Fear, Florence, 147. 
 
 George, 147. 
 
 Norman, 147. 
 
 Roy. 147. 
 Finley, Gertrude Susan, 157. 
 
 James G., 157. 
 
 James Herbert, 157. 
 
 Margaret Graham, 157. 
 
 Nellie, 157. 
 Fisher, Herbert G.. 141. 
 Forman. Diana, 166. 
 Freeman. Catharine C, 148. 
 
 John Ross, 148. 
 
 Gildersleeve, Matilda, 160. 
 Golden, Clarissa. 152, 156. 
 Gordon, Susie Letitia, 141. 
 Grant, Hannah, 138. 
 Green, Ellen, 156. 
 Enoch, 156. 
 
 Mary (Bidleman), 166. 
 Greenmyer, Kate, 153. 
 Gruendyke, Floyd, 168. 
 
 Ruth Crane, 168. 
 Gunn, John A., 149. 
 
 Margaretta S., 149. 
 Gustin, Bernard Owen, 152. 
 
 David, 145, 151, 152. 
 
 George Woodruff, 152. 
 
 Helen, 152. 
 
 John Roy, 151. 
 
 Samuel Insley, 152. 
 
 Sarah Roy, 152. 
 
 Sophie E., 152. 
 
 Susan Margaret, 151. 
 
 Hahn, Sarah (Maag), 154, 156. 
 
 William, 156. 
 Haines, George J., 152. 
 
 Sarah Adeline, 152. 
 
 William, 152. 
 Halsey, Schuyler, 150. 
 Hamner, Rev. J. Garland, 170. 
 Hankinson, Elijah, 139. 
 
 Mary C. (Schooley), 139. 
 
 Olive. 139. 
 Hardin, Euphemia Caroline, 139. 
 
 George, 139. 
 
 John, 139. 
 Harris, Elizabeth (Hoagland), 139. 
 
 George Hoagland, 139. 
 
 Isaac, 139. 
 
 Jennie. 142. 
 Hart, Azariah D., 139. 
 
 Ethel M., 139. 
 
 Henry, 139. 
 
 Nathan Henry, 139. 
 Havens, A. O. S., 168. 
 Hay, Gertrude Eugene, 164. 
 
 James Bruce, 164. 
 Hays, Samuel, 150. 
 Hazard, Lucretia S., 149. 
 Hazen, Aaron, 138. 
 
 Caroline, 138. 
 
 Catharine Raub, 141. 
 
 Edward, 138. 
 
 Elizabeth (Vought), 138. 
 
 Emma Gertrude. 139. 
 
 Gertrude (Kerr), 138. 
 
 Harriet J., 139. 
 
 Lvdia Ann. 139. 
 
 Nathan, 138. 
 
 Nathan Kerr. 138. 
 
 Sarah Elizabeth, 138. 
 Hendric, Rebecca, 154. 
 
 Dr. Joseph J., 159. 
 Hollowav, Amelia, 143. 
 Hooker, Orpha Loretta, 142. 
 Hopkins, Alonzo, 148. 
 
 Alphonso, 148. 
 
 Anna, 14S. 
 
 Araminta, 148. 
 
 Elizabeth, 148. 
 
 Dr. George, 148. 
 
 George, 148. 
 
 George G.. 148. 
 
 "Gen.," 148. 
 
 Grace, 148. 
 
 Minnie, 148. 
 
176 
 
 GENEALOGICAL INDEX. 
 
 Samuel Johnson, 148. 
 
 William, 148. 
 Hopping, Eveline, 153. 
 Huff. Barnett S.. 139. 
 
 Clarence Read, 139. 
 
 Hannah (Divers), 139. 
 
 Nellie Thompson, 139. 
 
 Ralph Dildine, 139. 
 Hulbert, Anna Olivia, 146. 
 
 Hannah B. (Sargeant), 146. 
 
 Joseph, 146. 
 Hunt, Dr. David, 145, 150, 159. 
 
 Elizabeth, 150. 
 
 Hannah Margaretta, 150. 
 
 Mercy (Hull), 150, 158. 
 
 Richard, 158. 
 
 Lieut. Richard, 150, 159. 
 
 Sarah, 150. 
 
 Jacoby, Catharine, 142. 
 Jarden, Ellen Margaretta, 157. 
 
 Robert Von Leer. 157. 
 
 Walter Hahn, 157. 
 Johnson, Amanda. 155. 
 
 Ann Elizabeth, 163. 
 
 Deborah (Willson), 139. 
 
 Elizabeth Bidleman, 156. 
 
 Elizabeth (Drake), 163. 
 
 Eliza Matilda, 148. 
 
 Ellen Green, 156. 
 
 Emily Eliza, 156. 
 
 George White, 156. 
 
 Hannah Margaretta, 148, 149. 
 
 Hannah (Roy). 148. 
 
 Harriet Roy, 148, 149. 
 
 Henry. 155. 
 
 John, 145, 148, 154. 155. 
 
 Laura Catharine, 156. 
 
 Luther, 151. 
 
 Lydia A., 139. 
 
 Margaret Green, 156. 
 
 Margaretta L., 155. 
 
 Maria Catharine 'Schaeffer), 
 155. 
 
 Martha, 155. 
 
 Mary Margaretta, 156. 
 
 Mary (Folly). 148. 
 
 Sarah Amanda, 148. 
 
 Sarah Catharine, 155. 
 
 Susanna (Hover), 155. 
 
 Susan Maria, 148. 
 
 Theodore F., 139. 
 
 Walter Whitfield, 156. 
 
 Whitfield Schaeffer, 155. 
 
 Whitfield Schaeffer, Jr., 155. 
 
 William Jefferson, M. D., 155. 
 
 William Kempton, 156. 
 
 William Mindred, 156. 
 
 William Schaeffer, 163. 
 
 Kampen, Caroline (Zurlinden) 162. 
 
 Henry Theodore, 162. 
 
 Rudolph Frederick, 162. 
 Kealer, Elizabeth, 164. 
 Kennedy, Edgar V., 138. 
 
 Dr. Samuel, 136. 
 
 Sarah, 136. 
 
 Shafer, 136. 
 
 Thomas Jefferson, 136. 
 
 Kerr, Carrie Malvina, 139. 
 
 Euphemia Gertrude, 139. 
 
 Flavel McGee, 139. 
 
 Floyd, 139. 
 
 Frank Leslie, 139. 
 
 George Harris. 139. 
 
 Ira, 138. 
 
 Ira Clinton, 139. 
 
 Isaac Calvin, 139. 
 
 Isaac Read, 138. 
 
 John Wesley, 139. 
 
 Lucy, 139. 
 
 Lydia Jane, 139. 
 
 Nathan Hampton, 139. 
 
 Phebe (Read), 138. 
 
 William Hampton, 138. 
 
 William Stitt, 139. 
 Kierstead, Bella, 162. 
 Killgore, Alice (Van Syckel), 163, 
 
 Anderson Nelson, 163. 
 
 Charles, 163. 
 
 Edward Winter, 163. 
 
 Louisa (Ficklen), 163. 
 
 Robert Berthoud, 163. 
 
 Robert J., 163. 
 Kimber, Sarah Schaeffer, 157. 
 
 Thomas, 157. 
 Kirzel, Augustus Miller, 157. 
 
 Carl Henry, 157. 
 
 Rev. Charles J., 157. 
 
 Euphemia Schaeffer, 157. 
 
 Graham Finley, 157. 
 
 Marion Virginia. 157. 
 
 Ralph Frederick, 157. 
 Kishbaugh, Lillie, 168. 
 Koch, Clara, 157. 
 Kretschmann, Herbert Finley, 157. 
 
 Phillip Miller, 157. 
 
 Rev. Theodore Wm., 157. 
 Lambias, J. F., 168. 
 Larey, Hannah, 147. 
 Linn, Elizabeth ( Kirkpatrlck) , 
 166. 
 
 John, 158. 
 
 Joseph, 158. 166: 
 
 Martha, 166. 
 
 Martha (Hunt), 158. 
 
 Martha (Kirkpatrick). 158. 
 
 Sarah. 145, 153. 154, 158. 
 Little, Elizabeth. 168. 
 Logan, George H.. 152. 
 
 Georgia Insley. 152. 
 
 Louise Adeline, 152. 
 Losey, Christopher, 152. 
 
 Ebenezer, 151. 
 
 Ebenezer L., 151. 
 
 Edgar, 152. 
 
 Edgar D.. 152. 
 
 Eleazer. 151. 
 
 Eliza, 151. 
 
 Elizabeth, 152. 
 
 Flossie. 151. 
 
 Gustin. 151. 
 
 Harriet H.. 151. 
 
 Hattie. 151. 152. 
 
 Jacob, 151. 
 
 John, 151. 152. 
 
 John H., 151. 
 
 John Jacob, 151. 
 
GENEALOGICAL INDEX. 
 
 177 
 
 Joseph Insley, 151. 
 
 Kate, 152. 
 
 Lizzie, 151. 
 
 Louise S.. 151. 
 
 Maggie, 152. 
 
 Nellie, 151. 152. 
 
 Nelson Ames, 151. 
 
 Rose, 151. 
 
 Samuel G., 152. 
 
 Sarah, 151. 
 
 Susan E., 161. 
 
 Susan H., 152. 
 
 Thomas H., 151. 
 L/Ove, Abi Jane (Andrews), 164. 
 
 Anna Louisa, 165. 
 
 Ida Candee, 165. 
 
 John Adam, 164. 
 
 Newton Burder, 164. 
 
 Newton Meredith, 165. 
 Lowery, Elizabeth (.Craig), 162. 
 
 Ellen, 162. 
 
 Clark, 162. 
 Lyman, Aaron, 161. 
 
 Electa (Graves), 161. 
 
 Emma Castner, 161. 
 
 Lyndon Graves, 161. 
 
 Mary Castner, 161. 
 Lyon, Jemima, 150. 
 
 MacMillan, Casper, 169. 
 
 Donald. 169. 
 
 Margaret, 169. 
 
 Rea, 169. 
 Madoc, Maurice Peris, Ap. M. D. 
 
 142. 
 Marcellis, Ellen, 151. 
 Marriner, Anna Castner, 162. 
 
 Deborah (Maull), 161. 
 
 Rev. George K., 161. 
 
 Gilbert, 161. 
 Marsh, Joseph H., 168. 
 
 Margaret Crane, 168. 
 
 Mary H., 168. 
 Marshall, Dr. George, 169. 
 Martin, Melissa. 168. 
 Marvin, George, 167. 
 
 Louise, 167. 
 McCarter, George Stuart, 153. 
 
 Louise S., 153. 
 McCord. Cornelia Townley, 140. 
 
 Curtis Hulce, 140. 
 
 Hampton Ireneus, 140. 
 
 John, 140. 
 
 Joseph W., 140. 
 
 Margaret Cornelia, 140. 
 
 Marshall Armstrong, 140. 
 
 Mary (Todd), 140. 
 
 William Ellermeyer, 140. 
 McFarland. Arthur, 170. 
 
 Fred A., 170. 
 McGahan, Mary (Neely), 140. 
 
 Sarah A., 140. 
 
 William, 140. 
 McNair, Amelia Anne, 169. 
 
 Anne (Wilkinson), 154. 
 
 Jane, 154. 
 
 Jennie S., 169. 
 
 John W., 169. 
 
 Martha Louisa, 170. 
 
 157. 
 
 William D., 154. 
 Menagh, Caroline (Sharp), 163. 
 
 Charles S., 163. 
 
 Hugh, 161, 163. 
 
 Jennie Lavinia, 161. 
 
 Joseph, 161. 
 
 Joseph Heath, 161, 
 
 Lavinia (Heath), 161. 
 
 Lyndon Lyman, 161. 
 
 Mary Emma, 161. 
 Miller, Almira. 142. 
 
 Caroline Gildersleeve, 160. 
 
 David, 160. 
 
 E. Augustus, 157. 
 
 Ellen Augusta, 157. 
 
 Emma Louise, 160. 
 
 Emily Josephine, 157. 
 
 Euphemia Schaeffer, 157. 
 
 Euphemia Wright (Schaeffer), 
 160. 
 
 Florence, 157. 
 
 Harold Schaeffer, 157. 
 
 Henry, 154, 160. 
 
 Hugh Wilson, 160. 
 
 Ida Virginia, 157. 
 
 Rev. James Edwin, 160. 
 
 "Judge," 142. 
 
 Margaretta Schaeffer, 160. 
 
 Mary Hahn, 157. 
 
 Mildred, 157. 
 
 Paul Van Reed, 157. 
 
 Reuben Beitenmann, 
 
 Sarah Elizabeth, 160. 
 
 Sarah Gertrude, 157. 
 
 William Casper, 157. 
 Mosson, Sarah Jane, 139. 
 Morris, Annie Lucilla, 159. 
 
 Carrie Linn, 159. 
 
 David Aubrey, 143. 
 
 David Hunt, 150, 159. 
 
 Edward Hunt, 142. 
 
 Emma Cordelia, 150. 
 
 Emma Roy, 142. 
 
 Eva Byington, 142. 
 
 Hannah Margaretta, 
 
 Jonathan Edwards, 142, 150. 
 
 Rev. Jonathan Ford, 150, 159. 
 
 Joseph Euen, 150. 
 
 Laura Adelaide, 150. 
 
 Laura May, 142. 
 
 Margaretta Louise, 142. 
 
 Mary Josephine. 159. 
 
 Mary Louisa. 150. 
 
 Nellie Louise, 159. 
 
 Sarah Adelaide, 159. 
 
 Sarah Elizabeth, 150. 
 
 Sarah Roy (Hunt), 159. 
 
 Sue Ford,' 142. 
 
 William Edward, 159. 
 
 William Melville, 150. 
 Morrison, Charles W., 168. 
 
 Theodore Crane. 168. 
 
 Noyes, Charles Somerby, 141. 
 
 Owen, Lucy Northrup, 151. 
 
 Park, Edgar, 168. 
 Leonaxd, 168. 
 
 150. 
 
 I '2 
 
178 
 
 GENEALOGICAL INDEX. 
 
 Ralph, 168. 
 Parson, Ethel, 147. 
 
 Gates B., 147. 
 
 Henry, 147. 
 Pellet, Fred M.. 152. 
 
 Maude L., 152. 
 
 Obife A., 152. 
 Pendreigh, Frank M., 141. 
 Perron, Edward, 144. 
 Post, Maggie, 150. 
 Prichard, Edwin R., 157. 
 
 Edwin Ruthven, 157. 
 
 Helen Elizabeth, 157. 
 
 Mary Gertrude, 157. 
 
 Reuben Miller, 157. 
 Primrose, George, 139. 
 
 Samuel H., 139. 
 
 Sarah. 145, 150. 
 
 Tabithy (Hunt), 139. 
 Pruden, Annie, 142. 
 
 Mary Elizabeth, 149. 
 
 Rea, Maggie, 169. 
 
 Redding, William Chambliss, 1B2. 
 
 William Chambliss, Jr.. 152. 
 Reed, Cynthia (Warner), 155. 
 
 Daniel, 154. 
 
 Ella Louise, 155. 
 
 Lucius Frank, 155. 
 
 Mary Van, 157. 
 Rice, Ellsworth, 168. 
 
 Harold DeWitte. 168. 
 
 Kenneth, 168. 
 
 Nancy Elizabeth, 168. 
 
 William H.. 168. 
 Richards, Edith, 169. 
 Rorke, Grace, 157. 
 Ross, Henry Crane, 149. 
 
 Jeremiah, 149. 
 
 Martha J., 152. 
 Roy. Alfred, 153. 
 
 Anna Mary, 147. 
 
 Arthur Prescott, 151. 
 
 Austin Owen, 151. 
 
 Bernhardt Shafer, 145, 150. 
 
 Celia, 147. 
 
 Clara, 147. 
 
 Charles Henry, 146. 
 
 Charles Morris, 151. 
 
 Charlotte Louisa, 151. 
 
 David, 153. 
 
 Edna, 147. 
 
 Elias Casper, 147. 
 
 Elias Crane, 146, 148. 
 
 Elmer, 147. 
 
 Elizabeth, 145, 151, 152. 
 
 Elizabeth Susan, 146. 
 
 Frank, 147. 
 
 Frederick Louis, 151. 
 
 George P., 147. 
 
 George Primrose, 151. 
 
 Hannah, 145. 148, 155. 
 
 Hannah Johnson. 146, 147. 
 
 Henrietta, 147. 
 
 James R., 153. 
 
 Joanna Freeman, 148. 
 
 John, 145, 153. 
 
 John Casper, 145. 146, 148. 
 
 John Jacob. 146. 
 
 John, Sr., 145. 
 Joseph Insley, 145. 153. 
 Joseph John, 146. 
 Joseph Morris. 151. 
 Joseph Northrup, 151. 
 Kate F., 147. 
 "Little Stranger," 151. 
 Louisa C, 151. 
 Lydia Armstrong. 146. 
 Mabel Pauline, 147. 
 Margaret, 145, 151. 
 Margaret (Insley). 145. 
 Mary (Armstrong), 146. 
 Mary, 145, 146. 
 Mary Euphemia, 146. 
 Mima May, 147. 
 Nathan. 153. 
 Rachel Emma, 147. 
 Raymond Hulbert, 146. 
 Robert Lester Smith, 151. 
 Samuel Headley, 146. 
 Sarah, 145. 150. 
 Sarah Isabella, 147. 
 Sarah Morris, 146. 
 Seymour, 146. 
 Susan, 146. 
 William, 146. 
 William Clinton, 146. 
 Ryerson, Seely, 152. 
 
 Sanderson, Marguerite, 152. 
 
 Sayre, Mary O., 169. 
 
 Schaeffer, Shaffer, Shafer, Shaver. 
 
 Aaron Whitfield, 141. 
 
 Abraham, 135, 154. 
 
 Abraham, Jr., 137. 
 
 Abraham Barnet, 141, 142. 
 
 Abram, 158. 
 
 Abram Edwin, 138, 159, 163. 
 
 Abraham Fairchild, 169. 
 
 Alexander, 137, 167. 
 
 Alexander castner, 159, 160. 
 
 Amanda Margaretta, 156. 
 
 Amelia Matilda, 166, 167. 
 
 Anna, 136. 
 
 Ann Kennedy. 141. 
 
 Archibald, 169. 
 
 Archibald S., 169. 
 
 Rev. Archibald Stinson, 141, 
 142. 
 
 Archibald Stinson, 166, 169. 
 
 Arthur Malcolm, 170. 
 
 Benjamin Johnson Lowe, 141, 
 142. 
 
 Bentley Sayre, 138. 
 
 Bertha, 164. 
 
 Blanche Murray, 142. 
 
 Casper, 135, 136, 137, 138, 145, 
 154, 166. 
 
 Casper, M. D., 154, 156. 
 
 Casper B., 169. 
 
 Catharine, 136. 
 
 Catharine Elizabeth, 141. 
 
 Catharine Rose, 167. 
 
 Cora Isabel, 143. 
 
 David Lee, 143. 
 
 Delilah, 141. 
 
 Edgar Ross, 169. 
 
 Edith Gordon, 141. 
 
GENEALOGICAL INDEX. 
 
 179 
 
 Edward Terry Hendric, 160. 
 
 Edwin Hampton, 138. 
 
 Elizabeth, 137, 138, 140. 
 
 Eliza Beach, 169. 
 
 Ella Eugenie, 141. 
 
 Elbert Condit, 143. 
 
 Eliza Beach, 169. 
 
 Elizabeth Hannah, 154, 164. 
 
 Emma, 158. 
 
 Emma Elizabeth. 142. 
 
 Emma L., 167. 
 
 Emma Louise 170. 
 
 Euphemia,. 156 157. 
 
 Euphemia Bray, 137, 138. 
 
 Euphemia Wright, 154, 160. 
 
 Fanny Estelle, 141. 
 
 Fanny Margaretta, 164. 
 
 Fanny (Stewart), 163. 
 
 Finley Dawson, 141. 
 
 Florence Nightingale, 141. 
 
 Francis Hazen, 138. 
 
 Frank, 158. 
 
 Frederick Clifford, 170. 
 
 Fred Gustin, 158. 
 
 Frederick Lincoln, 143. 
 
 George, 143. 
 
 George Carlton, 138. 
 
 Gilbert Livingston, 156. 
 
 Hampton Calvin, 138. 
 
 Harry Alston, 164. 
 
 Hannah Jane, 143. 
 
 Harry Talmage, 143. 
 
 Harry Wallace, 170. 
 
 Helen Almira, 142. 
 
 Helen Elizabeth, 142. 
 
 Horatio Linn, 158. 
 
 Howard William, 164. 
 
 Irving Newell, 143. 
 
 Isaac, 135, 137, 140, 166, 167. 
 
 169. 
 Isaac Calvin, 141. 
 Jehiel Talmage, 141, 143. 
 Jennette Remsen, 170. 
 Jennie, 141. 
 John Casper, 163. 
 Jonathan Forman, 166. 
 John Joseph, 142. 
 John Stewart, 163, 164. 
 Joseph Henry 169, 170. 
 Rev. JosepTi Linn, D. D., 166. 
 Joseph Linn, 158. 
 Julia Budd, 170. 
 Katharine Bentley, 138. 
 Lettie Walsh, 164. 
 Lillian Olcott, 141. 
 Lizzie May, 164. 
 Louisa, 138, 150. 
 Louisa Ann, 142. 
 Louise Linn, 158. 
 Lucilla Linn, 150, 158, 159. 
 Lydia (Armstrong), 137. 
 Margaret, 137, 143. 
 Margaretta, 135, 145, 154. 
 Margaret Linen, 138. 
 Margaret R., 166, 167. 
 Margaretta Roy, 154. 
 Maria Catharine, 154, 155. 
 Martha Linn, 169. 
 Martha Louisa, 158. 
 
 Mary, 137, 169. 
 
 Mary A., 169. 
 
 Mary Adelaide, 159. 
 
 Mary Elizabeth, 158. 
 
 Mary Louisa, 158. 
 
 Marj- Jane, 142. 
 
 May Neilson, 142. 
 
 Miller, 142. 
 
 Morgan Robert, 142. 
 
 Nathan Armstrong, 154. 
 
 Nathan Barnet, 141. 
 
 Nathan Hazen, 138. 
 
 Nellie Morris, 158. 
 
 Peter, 137. 
 
 Peter Bernhardt, 135, 136, 154, 
 
 159. 
 Peter B., Jr., 166, 169. 
 Raymond, 164. 
 Rebecca (Hendric), 159. 
 Rebecca Jane, 141, 143. 
 Robert Finley, 154. 
 Robert Turner, 141. 
 Sarah, 137. 154, 160, 164. 
 Sarah Ann, 142. 
 Sarah Elizabeth, 156, 157 
 Sarah Linn, 158. 
 Sarah (Linn), 158. 
 Simeon Simpson, 137. 
 Stockton Halstead, 166. 
 Susan Elizabeth, 143. 
 Thoma.s Henderson, 166 167 
 Thomas Hunt, 141, 142. 
 Versilla, 169. 
 Victor Fox, 142. 
 William, 143, 158. 
 William Armstrong, 154, 163. 
 William Edwin, 158. 
 William Bell, 142. 
 Wilmot Ely, 170. 
 Winsted Casterline, 158. 
 Schlegel, Minnie, 162. 
 Scott, Hannah (Judson), 147. 
 John T., 147. 
 Marion Hannah, 147. 
 Truman Anness, 147. 
 Truman H., 147. 
 Scripture, Hannah May, 143. 
 Searles, Elizabeth, 168. 
 Frederick, 168. 
 Isaac, 168. 
 Sharp, Elizabeth K., 168. 
 Sharpe, Sophia B., 167. 
 Shotwell, Emma E., 168. \^ 
 Simpson. Elizabeth, 136. 
 Slockbower, Helen, 147. 
 
 Theodore O., 147. 
 Smillie, Adelaide Margaret, 170. 
 Smith, Edythe, l-±j. 
 Snell, George, 168. 
 Stewart, Fannie, 154, 163. 
 John. 163. 
 Sarah (Bird), 163. 
 William, 163. 
 Stiner, Sarah Elizabeth, 151. 
 Stinson, Archibald, 136. 
 
 Jane, 136. 
 Sutphin, W. G., 168. 
 W. G., Jr., 168. 
 
i8o 
 
 GENEALOGICAL INDEX. 
 
 Terry, Amelia Jane, 160. 
 
 Deziah, 160. 
 
 John K., 160. 
 Thayer, Jessie Esther, 142. 
 
 Thompson, , 167. 
 
 Timmerman, Helen L., 151. 
 
 Louis F., 151. 
 
 Louis F., Jr., 151. 
 Trasli, Helene E., 159. 
 Trowbridge, Frank G., 164. 
 
 Florence Amelia, 164. 
 
 George S., 164. 
 Turner, Elizabeth 137. 140, 141, 
 144. 
 
 Mary, 144. 
 
 Rebecca Maria, 144. 
 
 Richard, 137, 143. 
 
 Vail, Rebecca Howie, 159. 
 
 Van Camp, James Voorhees, 139. 
 
 Maria (Coursen), 139. 
 
 Nancy Jane, 139. 
 Van Deren, John, 137. 
 Van Horn, Leonora A., 139. 
 
 Macrina C. (Jones), 139. 
 
 William G., 139. 
 Van Syckel, Aaron, 163. 
 
 Mary (Bird), 163. 
 Vought, Jacob, 146. 
 
 Sarah Ann, 146. 
 
 Sarah (Snover), 146. 
 
 Walsh, Elizabeth Frances (Bates), 
 164. 
 Georgia Emma, 164. 
 
 Josiah, 164. 
 Walton, Alice, 167. 
 John, 167. 
 William, 167. 
 Ward, Elizabeth, 158. 
 Webb, Caroline F., 167. 
 Welsh, Mary, 160. . 
 
 Wheatlev, Harriet (Whittington), 
 138. 
 John, 138. 
 Kate E.. 138. 
 Whitaker, Wm. Judson, 141. 
 White, Hannah (Haines), 156. 
 Maria E., 156. 
 Marietta, 168. 
 William, 156. 
 Whyte, Alice, 142. 
 
 Andrew Condit, 143. 
 Andrew Dawson, 143. 
 Anna Macldo, 143. 
 Elsie, 142. 
 Howard, 142. 
 Ida Katherine, 142. 
 James Richardson, 142. 
 Jessie, 142. 
 Wilkie, Anna, 149. 
 Wilson, Miss, 170. 
 
 P. P., 170. 
 Winter, Ida W., 163. 
 
 Jacob Castner, M. D., 163. 
 Woodruff, Adeline, 152. 
 Wright, Ephraim, 164. 
 
 Margaret (Snell), 164. 
 Nettie, 164. 
 
GLNLRAL INDLX 
 
 Adams, Henry, 77. 
 
 Katy, 77. 
 Allamuchy, 53. 
 Allen, Benjamin, 129. 
 American Seamen's Friend So- 
 ciety, 149. 
 Amwell Township, Hunterdon Co., 
 
 N. J., 126. 
 Anderson, Thomas, 19. 107, 108. 
 Arlington. 113. 
 Armstrong, Betsey, 103. 
 
 Elizabeth, 109. 
 
 Euphamy, 110. 
 
 E^uphemia, 59. 
 
 Genealogy, 136. 
 
 George, 50. 56, 105. 
 
 Jacob, 56. 
 
 John, 50, 56. 103. 
 
 Judge, 37. 
 
 Lydia, 59. 102. 
 
 Nathan, 6, 56. 110, 127; sketch 
 of, 109. 
 
 Polly. 59. 
 
 Rachel. 105. 
 
 Sally, 59. 
 
 Sarah, 110. 
 
 William, 50, 52, 56, 59. 
 
 William Clinton, 6. 109, 111. 
 "Armstrong Record," 6, 60, 104, 
 
 109, 111, 127. 
 Arrison, Jeptha, 27. 
 
 John, 27. 
 
 Polly, 27, 70. 
 
 Sukey, or Susannah, 28. 
 
 Susan, 27. 
 Asbury, N. J.. 62, 127. 
 Atlanta, 117, 119. 
 
 Baker, General, 112. 
 Balls Bluff, 112. 
 Baltimore, Md., 140. 
 Baskingridge, N. J., 20, 32, 61, 62, 
 
 70, 100; church of, 54, 
 BrsIg 47 
 
 Beatt'ystown, N. J., 161. 
 Beavers, 57. 
 
 Elizabeth, 52. 
 Euphemia. 105. 
 Robert, 54, 
 Sallie. 102. 
 Bedford. 41. 
 Belers, Peter, 40. 
 Belvidere, N. J., 63. 
 Bergen County, N. J., 156. 
 Bernhardt, Johan Peter, 15, 25, 
 
 26, 27, 29, 42; comes to 
 
 America, 25; inscription on 
 
 gravestone, 130. 
 Bernharten, El., 131. 
 
 Bethel, Conn., 164. 
 
 Bethlehem, Pa., 55. 
 
 Bible, old German, 46, 47. 
 
 Big Creek Gap, 122. 
 
 Baltimore, Md., Cemetery, 140. 
 
 Black River, 61. 
 
 Blair, John I., 127. 
 
 Blairstown Academy, 111. 
 
 Blairstown, N. J., 127, 139. 142. 
 
 Blue Mountains, 35, 38, 40, 47, 49, 
 
 74. 
 Bonnie Brook, 42. 
 Boulton, 70. 
 
 Boyd, Rev. John. 50, 104. 
 Bray, Euphemia, 59. 
 Brooklyn. N. Y., 164. 
 Brown, Abia, 13. 
 Brownley, Dr., 122. 
 Burlington, 11, 13, 29, 30. 
 Bushnell, 111., 150. 
 
 California, 155. 
 Canada, 120. 
 
 Candee. Rev. Isaac N., sketch of, 
 63. 
 
 Sally, 63. 
 Carter, President of Williams 
 
 College. 125. 
 Carv's Meeting House. 100. 
 Cassedy, Mrs., 106. 
 Castner, Amanda, 62. 
 
 Anna, 62. 
 
 Edmund, 62. 
 
 Elizabeth, 62. 
 
 Emma. 62. 
 
 Rev. Jacob R., sketch of, 61. 
 
 John, 62. 
 
 Margaretta, 62. 
 
 Mary. 62. 
 
 William, 62. 
 Catasauqua, Pa., 161. 
 Cat-Pish Pond. 39. 
 Cemetery, Baltimore, Md., 140. 
 
 Dunmore, Scranton, Pa., 138. 
 
 Evergreen, Elizabeth, 162. 
 
 Fairmount, Newark, 163. 
 
 Greenwood, Trenton, N. J., 
 161. 
 
 Hope, Galesburg, 111., 164. 
 
 Laurel Hill, Philadelphia, 21. 
 
 Mt. Peace, Philadelphia, 162. 
 
 Newton, N. J., 150. 
 
 Stillwater, 130. 
 
 Yellow Frame, 53, 126, 137, 
 150, 154. 
 Charlestown, S. C, 116. 
 Charlotteville, Va., 47. 
 Chattahooche River, 119. 
 Chattanooga, 119, 120, 122. 
 
I82 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Chester Co., Pa., 165. 
 
 Chickahominy, 113. 
 
 Church, Christ, at Newton, 110. 
 
 First German Reformed, of 
 Philadelphia, 20. 
 
 German, at Stillwater, 106. 
 
 German Reformed, at Still- 
 water, 42. 
 
 Hackettstown Presbyterian, 
 169. 
 
 Hardwick, 43. 49, 104. 
 
 Music, 76. 
 
 North, of Hardyston, 100. 
 
 Hardyston Presbyterian, 100. 
 
 Presbyterian, at Cochecton, 
 N. Y., 162. 
 
 Presbyterian, at Newton, N. 
 J., 107, 155. 
 
 Stillwater, 45. 
 
 Upper Hardwick Presbyterian, 
 49. 
 
 Yellow Frame. 49, 50, 128, 135; 
 sketch of, 48. 
 Cincinnati, 123. 
 Clark, Abraham, 11. 
 Clinton, N. J., 61. 
 Coffee, 70. 
 
 Colleg-e of New Jersey, 148. 
 Colleton Co., S. C, 123. 
 Columbia, 123. 
 Columbia, S. C, 116. 
 Condit, Rev. Ira, 43, 50, 51, 52, 92. 
 
 Rev. Ira H., 50. 
 Congress, Provincial, 10, 11, 12. 
 Connecticut, 53, 103. 
 Coursen, John, 17. 
 
 Joseph, 60. 
 
 Van Tile, 107. 
 Cowell, Ebenezer, 29. 
 Cowes, 26. 
 
 Crane, Rev. Elias Nettleton, 
 sketch of, 149. 
 
 Rev. Elias W., D. D., sketch 
 of, 148, 149. 
 Craig, Rev. Dr., 49. 
 Crawford County. Pa., 56. 
 Crlsman, Margaret, 127. 
 Crosby, 69. 
 
 Culpeper, Va.. 114. 115. 
 Cumberland Mountains, 122. 
 Currituck Sound, N. C, 140. 
 
 Dalton, Ga., 122. 
 
 Dansville, N. Y.. 154. 
 
 Davis, John, 62. 
 
 Davies, Col. J. Mansfield, 112. 
 
 Daughters of American Revolu- 
 tion, 14. 
 
 DeMund. Joseph, 59; sketch of, 
 104. 
 
 DePew, Mr., 35. 
 
 Deal, England, 9, 26. 
 
 Decatur, 120. 
 
 Declaration of Independence, 
 signers of, 11. 
 
 Deed, old parchment, 29. 
 
 Delaware River, 9, 35; navigation 
 of, 33. 
 
 Denis, Dr., 61. 
 
 Dennis, Martin R., 42. 
 
 Denver, Col., 159. 
 
 Derrs', Ireland, 140. 
 
 Dillingham, a revolutionary sol- 
 dier, 70. 
 
 Dotterer, Jacob, 29. 
 
 Duffy, Capt., 112. 
 
 Dunmore Cemetery, Scranton, 
 Pa., 138. 
 
 Dusenburv. Major Henry. 104; 
 sketch of, 103. 
 Mrs., 59. 
 
 Dutch Meeting House, 18. 
 
 Dwight, President of Yale, 126. 
 
 East Orange. N. J., 162. 
 East Town (Easton), 17. 
 Edinburgh, University of. 54. 
 Edsall, Benjamin B., 35. 
 Edwards. Rev. James Cook, 149. 
 Elizabethtown, N. J., 104, 148. 
 Elizabeth, N. J., 39, 149. 
 Elmira. N. Y., 160. 
 Etowah River, 121. 
 Everett, Dr. Elijah, 53, 104; 
 
 sketch of, 103. 
 Evergreen Cemetery, Elizabeth, 
 
 162. 
 
 Fairmount Cemetery, Newark, 
 
 163. 
 Fall Mills, 35, 37, 89. 
 Finley, Rev. Dr., 20, 32, 61, 70. 
 Flanders, N. J., 158. 
 Flemington, N. J., 27, 129. 
 Forman, Col., 129. 
 
 General David, 126. 
 Fort Pitt, 41. 
 Fox. Mr., 28. 
 
 Frankford, Sussex Co., 107. 
 Franklin, Dr., 84. 
 Fredericksburg, Va., Ii3. 
 Freehold, N. J., 100, 129. 
 Frelinghuysen Township, 109. 
 French War, 33. 
 Pulton, 28. 
 
 Gaines, N. Y., 142. 
 Galesburg. 111., 63, 164, 165. 
 Gal way, N. Y.. 63. 
 Gaston, Esq., 50. 
 
 Joseph, 103; sketch of, 104. 
 Germans, 47; immigration of, 9. 
 "Germans, early of N. J.," 
 
 Chambers, 61. 
 German Christians, 43. 
 German Valley, N. J., 61, 62, 160. 
 Germantown, Pa., 26, 135; battle 
 
 of, 126. 
 Germany, 9, 25, 29, 74. 
 Gettysburg, 113. 
 Goble, Margaret, 127. 
 Golden. Clarissa. 20, 59. 
 Goodman, Walter, 26. 
 Graham, Martha, 28. 
 
 Mr., 70. 
 Griggs, Capt. George V., Ill, 113, 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 183 
 
 114, 115. 
 Greeley, Horace, 100. 
 Green, Mrs., 55. 
 
 Samuel, 30, 110. 
 Greensville, Sussex Co., N J 
 
 138. 
 Greenwood Cemetery, Trenton N 
 
 J., 161. ' ■ 
 
 Hackensack, N. J., 6, 100, 156. 
 Hackettstown, 63. 
 
 Presbyterian Church, 169. 
 Haddonfield, 13, 14; Old Tavern 
 
 at, 14. 
 Hahn, Christian, 60. 
 
 Mary, 60. 
 
 Sarah, 20, 60. 
 
 William, 60. 
 Haines. Alanson A., 101. 
 Hampton, Col. Jonathan, 109. 
 
 Hand, , 70. 
 
 Hankinson, Gen'l Aaron, 39, 50, 
 51, 126, 128, 129; sketch of, 
 105; grave of, 128. 
 
 Coat of Arms, 129. 
 
 Daniel Thatcher, 128. 
 
 Elizabeth, 127. 
 
 Elliza B., 127. 
 
 Hannah, 128. 
 
 Henry, 127. 
 
 John, 127. 
 
 Joseph, 126, 127, 129. 
 
 Kenneth. 129. 
 
 Nancy, 128. 
 
 Rachel, 128. 
 
 Rachel (Mattison), 126. 
 
 Richard, 129. 
 
 Samuel, 127. 
 
 Sarah, 127. 
 
 Thomas, 127, 129. 
 
 William, 18, 19, 50, 127, 129. 
 Hanover, Germany, 140. 
 Hardwick, 45, 47, 49, 52, 91, 94, 
 
 99, 102, 103, 104, 105. 
 Hardwick Church, 146. 
 
 Early settlers of, 49. 
 
 Patent, 109. 
 
 Township, Sussex Co., N. J., 
 10, 29, 48, 55, 99, 100. 
 Hardyston, 100. 
 "Hardyston Memorial," 101. 
 Harper, President, 125. 
 Harris Light Cavalry, 111, 112, 
 
 159. 
 Harris. W. T.. 125. 
 Hart, John, 11. 
 Hazen, Esq., 50. 
 
 Ezekiel, 50. 
 
 Thomas. 50. 
 Hendrick, Dr., 60. 
 Herriott, Sydney, 128. 
 Hessian Fly, 70. 
 Hessians, settle in Sussex County, 
 
 47. 
 Hocks Hill. N. J., 61. 
 Holland, 27. 
 Holmes, John, 106. 
 Hood, General, 122. 
 
 Hope, 49, 53, 54, 103. 
 
 Alexander, 9, 26. 
 Hope Cemetery, Galesburg, Ul., 
 164. 
 
 Major General, 113. 
 Hopkinson, Francis, 11. 
 Hopper, Lieut., 116. 
 Horseback Riding, 64. 
 Hover, John, 107. 
 
 Susannah, 107. 
 Howell, Levi, sketch of, 103. 
 
 Governor Richard, 37. 
 
 Hubbard, , 69. 
 
 Hunt, Dr. David, sketch of. 102. 
 
 Elizabeth, 127. 
 
 Martha, 100. 
 
 Richard, Sr., 100. 
 
 Richard, 99, 102. 
 
 Thomas, 18, 19. 
 Hurd's Brigade, 129. 
 Huron, Dakota, 165. 
 
 Indians, hostilities by, 34. 
 Intemperance, 63. 
 Ireland, 49. 
 
 Jamaica. L. I., 149. 
 James City, Va., 114. 
 Jefferson, Thomas, 53. 
 Jersey City, N. J., 158. 
 Johnsonburg, 49, 52, 53, 54, 105, 
 
 109, 139, 140. 
 Johnson. Catharine, 107. 
 
 Charity (Lane), 106. 
 
 Coart, 106. 
 
 David, 107. 
 
 Henry, 52, 108; sketch of, 106. 
 
 Henry, Jr., 107. 
 
 John, 59; sketch of, 106, 107. 
 
 Mrs. John, sketch of, 107. 
 
 Jonathan, 52, 107. 
 
 Laura C, 6. 
 
 Polly, 107. 
 
 Samuel, 107. 
 
 Susan, 107. 
 
 Whitfield Schaeffer, 59, 107, 
 108; sketch of, 155. 
 
 William Jefferson, 59, 107, 108. 
 
 William, 107; sketch of, 108. 
 
 William M., 6, 9; sketch of, 
 156. 
 
 Susannah, 107. 
 Junkin, Rev. Dr., 61. 
 
 Kelsey, Cooper, 128. 
 Heni-y C. 128. 
 Sarah, 128. 
 Kennedy, Dr. Samuel, 50, 53, 54, 
 103; sketch of, 52. 
 Rev. Samuel, M. D., 52; sketch 
 of, 54. 
 Kenville, N. J., 147. 
 Kerzenheim, Grafschaft Bolan- 
 
 den, Europe, 130, 135. 
 Kunekle. Adam, 29. 
 Kilpatrick, Lieut. Col., Judson. 
 
 Ill, 112, 113, 114. 
 Kimber, Sally Schaeffer, 60. 
 
i84 
 
 GENERAL INDEX, 
 
 Thomas, 60. 
 Kingsbury, Mr., 76. 
 Kingwood, Hunterdon Co., N. J., 
 
 126. 
 Kittatiny Mountain, 74. 
 Knoxville, Tenn., 122. 
 Krooise, , 21. 
 
 Lafayette College, 61. 
 
 Ind., 63, 164. 
 Lamington, 100. 
 Lancaster, 28. 
 Lancaster County, Pa., 55. 
 Lanning, Esquire, 50. 
 Lauterman, William, 28. 
 Lawrenceville, N. J., 156. 
 Lebanon. Hunterdon Co., N. J., 
 
 108. 
 Laddell, Major Commandant Wil- 
 liam, 41. 
 Lee, General, 113. 
 Legislature of New Jersey, first, 
 
 13. 
 LeRoy, N. Y., 142. 
 Lewes, Del., 62, 161. 
 Lexington, Ky., 122, 123. 
 Locke, Mrs., 56. 
 
 Capt. Francis, 104. 
 
 John, sketch of, 104. 
 Log Gaol, 52. 
 London, 25, 29. 
 Londonderry, Ireland, 109. 
 Loomis, Dr.. 122. 
 Love, Mr., 63. 
 Lowe, Rev. Benjamin, 50. 
 Lower Sandusky, O., 104. 
 Liberty Corner, N. J., 61, 161. 
 Libby Prison, 116, 159. 
 Linn, Alexander. 56. 
 
 Dr., 53, 102. 
 
 Dr. Alexander, 100. 
 
 David, 127. 
 
 Hannah, 56. 
 
 John, 60, 100, 104; sketch of, 
 99. 
 
 Joseph, 100. 
 
 Martha, 59. 
 
 Martha (Kirkpatrick), 100. 
 
 Miss, 104. 
 
 Sarah, 60. 
 
 William Alexander, sketch of, 
 100. 
 
 Dr. William Helm, 100. 
 Llspatone (Elizabethtown), 33. 
 Lititz, Pa., 55. 
 Livingston, William, 19. 
 Lyman, Mary, 62. 
 
 MacCollum, Aaron, 45. 
 MacElvaney, Paddy, 69. 
 •<McClellan, Major General, 113. 
 McCollough. Mary, 127. 
 
 Col. William, 127. 
 McDowell, Major General, 113. 
 McGee, Rev. William C, 50. 
 McKinley, President, 156. 
 Macon, Ga., 116, 119. 
 Madison, Mrs., 28. 
 
 President, 28. 
 Mansfield, N. J., 61, 62. 
 Manning, Captain, 100. 
 Marietta, 119. 
 
 Marksboro, 37, 109, 139, 146. 
 Marriner, Anna, 62. 
 
 Rev. George, sketch of, 62. 
 
 Margaretta. 62. 
 Martin, Col. Ephraim, 39. 
 Mays Landing, 62. 
 Mead, General, 113. 
 Meadville, Pa., 56. 
 Mendham, N. J., 146, 147. 
 Merckle. Esquire, 39. 
 
 Lizzie, 106. 
 
 Mrs., sketch of, 106. 
 Middlesex County, England, 129. 
 Middletown Point, 101. 
 Miller. E. Augustus, 21. 
 
 Elizabeth, 61. 
 
 Ellen Augusta, 60. 
 
 Emma, 61. 
 
 Euphemia, 60. 
 
 Henry, 61, 62. 
 
 Major, 61. 
 
 Margaretta, 61. 
 
 Marv Hahn, 60. 
 
 Hon. Jacob W., 61. 
 
 Rev. James Edwin, sketch of, 
 61. 
 
 Ruben B., 60. 
 
 Sarah Gertrude, 60. 
 
 William Casper, 60. 
 Monmouth, battle of, 70, 129. 
 Monmouth County, N. J., 128, 129. 
 
 Militia. 129. 
 '•Monticello," 107. 
 Moravians, 54. 
 Morristown, N. J., 15, 39, 61, 146, 
 
 147. 
 Morris County. N. J., 26, 39, 146. 
 Mosby, Captain, 113. 
 Mt. Peace Cemetery, Phila- 
 delphia, 162. 
 
 Nashville, 122. 
 
 Navy Yard. Brooklyn, N. Y., 149. 
 
 Nazareth, Pa., 55. 
 
 Nelson, William, 6. 
 
 Nettingen, Westphalia, Prussia, 
 
 162. 
 Newark. N. J., 124, 159, 161, 162, 
 
 164. 
 Newell, Ex-Governor William A., 
 
 129. 
 Newton. N. J., 10, 19. 48. 49, 52, 
 
 100, 101, 102, 106, 107, 108, 
 
 138. 139, 141. 142. 155. 156, 
 
 159, 1G2. 163; selected as 
 
 County seat, 48. 
 Newton Collegiate Institute, 111. 
 
 Presbytery, 46. 
 New Brunswick, 13, 88. 
 New Egypt, N. J., 61. 
 New Hampton. Hunterdon Co., 
 
 N. J., 103, 104. 
 New Jersey. 12, 14. 
 "New Jersey as a Colony and 
 
 State," Lee, 13. 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 185 
 
 New Jersey Herald, 49. 
 New Utrecht, L. I., 168. 
 New Vernon, N. J., 149. 
 New York City, 33, 155. 163. 
 Nice, Lieut., 116. 
 Nixon, Catliarine, 30. 
 Northampton Co., Pa., 56. 
 Northport, N. Y., 162. 
 Norwalk, Conn., 159. 
 
 Oberlin College, 125. 
 Oberlin, O., j-^-i, 142. 
 Ohio, 27. 
 
 Olden, Governor, 156. 
 Oxford Furnace, 38. 
 
 Palatinate, 9, 135. 
 
 Palatines, 26. 
 
 Palmer, Alice Freeman, 124. 
 
 Dr., sketch of, 103. 
 
 Dr. Henry, sketch of, 53. 
 Fancoast, 28. 
 Paris, Peace of, 34. 
 Paterson, N. J., 153. 
 Paulina, 38. 
 Paulinskill, 26, 35, 38, 47, 49; 
 
 navigation of, 32. 
 Pennsylvania, 9. 
 
 Gazette, 48. 
 
 Land Co.. 29, 48. 
 Peoria, 111.. 63, 164, 165. 
 Peppard, Rev. Francis, 50, 51. 
 Peterson, Thomas, 13. 
 Pettit, Isaac, 18. 
 
 Jonathan, 48. 
 FTung-stadt, Europe, 131. 
 Philadelphia, 10. 20, 26, 28. 29, 
 33. 72. 103, 135, 157; Classls 
 of, 20; Presbytery of, 20. 
 Phillipsburg, N. J., 61, 156. 
 Pittsburgh, 28. 
 Plumsteadville, Pa., 61. 
 Plymouth, 111., 165. 
 Pomona, Cal., 170. 
 Poolesville, Md., 112. 
 Presbyterian Church, Newton, 166. 
 Princeton, 13, 100. 
 
 College, 149. 
 
 Theological Seminary, 20, 61, 
 62. 63, 148, 149. 
 Provincial Congress, 11, 12. 
 Puerta Plata, Santo Domingo, 159. 
 
 Rahway. N. J., 167. 
 
 Rapahannock River, 116. 
 
 Rapidan, 113, 114. 
 
 Reading. John, 30. 
 
 Readington, Hunterdon Co., N. J., 
 
 106. 
 Redstone country, 28. 
 Reed. Bowes, 19. 
 Reeder, James, sketch of, 105. 
 Republican National Convention, 
 
 156. 
 State Convention, 156. 
 Revolutionary War. 39. 
 Richmond, 113, 116. 
 Ridgefield, Conn., 164. 
 
 Rochester, N. Y., 142. 
 
 Rock Creek, O., 142. 
 
 Roseville, N. J., 159. 
 
 Rotterdam, 9, 26. 
 
 Rowlands Mills, N. J., 126, 129. 
 
 Rowley. Conn., 138. 
 
 Roy, Bernhaidt Schaeffer, 58. 
 
 Betsey, 58. 
 
 Hannah, 58, 107. 
 
 John, 61, 58. 
 
 John Casper, 58. 
 
 Joseph. 58. 
 
 Margaret A., 17. 
 
 Margaretta, 43, 58. 
 
 Mary Caroline, 18. 
 
 Pegg>-. 58. 
 
 Polly, 58. 
 
 Sally, 58, 103. 
 
 Susan, 58. 
 
 "Uncle," 90. 
 Runkle. Mr., 46. 
 "Rupp, Collection of 30.000 names 
 
 of Germans," etc., 26. 
 Rusling, Gershom, 127. 
 
 General James F., 126. 
 
 Sandyston Township, 126. 
 Savannah, 120. 
 Saxony, 79. 
 
 Schaeffer. Shaffer, Shafer, Shaver. 
 Abraham, 15. 17, 18. 19, 20, 30, 
 
 58, 60, 94, 110; will of, 43; 
 military record of, 41; sketch 
 of. 101. 
 
 Abraham. Jr., Military Record 
 of. 41. 
 
 Adelaide, 61. 
 
 Almira Miller, 124. 
 
 Amanda Margaretta, 60. 
 
 Anna. 53. 58. 
 
 Annie, 54. 
 
 Archibald S., 59. 
 
 Rev. Archibald Stinson, 124; 
 sketch of, 142. 
 
 Capt. Alexander C. 61, 123; 
 war experiences of. 111. 
 
 Betsey, 58. 
 
 Casper. 5. 9. 10. 13, 15. 26, 29. 
 30. 42. 43, 44, 47, 48, 49; 
 emigrates from Palatinate, 
 9; settles in Stillwater, 10, 
 30; is naturalized, 44; tavern 
 keeper. 48; -member of 
 County Committee of 
 Safety, 10; member of Pro- 
 vincial Congress. 11; mem- 
 ber of Assembly. 13. 44; ser- 
 vices of sons In Revolution, 
 15; death of. 43; inscription 
 on headstone, 16; will of. 
 17; character of, 15, 92. 
 
 Rev. Casper, M. D., 5, 6. 20, 
 
 59, 95. 99; author of Rem- 
 iniscences, 5; sketch of, 20; 
 children of. 60. 
 
 Casper B.. 47. 
 Casper Bernhardt, 29. 
 Catharine, 17. 
 
1 86 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Catrin, 18. 
 
 Edwin, 63. 
 
 Elizabeth, 69. 
 
 Euphemia Miller, 60. 
 
 Euphemia W., 59. 
 
 Finley, 21, 71, 59. 
 
 Gilbert Livingston, 60. 
 
 Halstead, 21. 
 
 Helen A., president of WeUes- 
 ley College, sketch of, 124. 
 
 Homestead, description of, 31. 
 
 Isaac, 15, 17, 18, 19, 57, 58, 59, 
 78, 88, 104; military record 
 of, 39; sketch of, 101. 
 
 John, 63. 
 
 John S., 5. 21. 
 
 Joseph, 60. 
 
 Rev. Joseph L., 50; sketch of, 
 100. 
 
 Katy, 58. 
 
 Louisa, 60. 
 
 Lucilla, 60. 
 
 Margaretta, 58, 63, 69, 74. 
 
 Margaretta R., 59. 
 
 Maria Catherine, 59. 
 
 Maria Catrina, 43. 
 
 Mary, 18, 60. 
 
 Nathan, 68, 91, 94. 
 
 Nathan A., 44, 59; sketch of, 
 60. 
 
 Peggy, 58, 59. 
 
 Peter B.. 15, 17,18. 19, 35. 40. 
 43, 44, 50, 53, 54, 58, 59, 60, 
 94, 104, 111; military record 
 of, 59. 
 
 Polly, 58. 
 
 Robert Finley, 59. 
 
 Sarah, 43, 59. 91. 
 
 Sarah Armstrong, 20. 
 
 Sarah Catharine, 59. 
 
 Sarah Elizabeth, 60. 
 
 spelling of name, 6, 78. 
 
 Stinson, 58. 
 
 William, 60, 62, 71. 
 
 William A., 44, 59. 
 School House at Stillwater, legacy 
 
 to, 18. 
 Schooleys Mountain, N. J., 161. 
 Scotland, 49, 54. 
 Scranton, Fa., 138. 
 Sedgwick. Kansas, 158. 
 Seely, Col. Sylvanus, 39. 
 Senn, Rev. Jacob, 76, 106. 
 Shad, caught in Paulinskill, 35. 
 Shakopee, Minn., 61. 
 Shamokin, Pa., 27. 
 Shepperd, Gasper (Casper Schaef- 
 
 fer), naturalization of, 44. 
 Sherman, General, 117, 119, 120, 
 
 121. 
 Sherwood, Rev. Jonathan, 50. 
 Ship, "Queen Elizabeth," 9, 26, 
 135. 
 
 "Robert and Alice," 26. 
 
 "St. Mark," 26. 
 Singing school, 66. 
 Slaverv, 75. 
 Smedley, John. 127. 
 
 Smithtown. N. J., 149. 
 
 Smith Co., Va., 61. 
 
 Snyder, Mary, 126. 
 
 Somerset Co., 55. 
 
 Somerville, 55. 
 
 Southard, Aaron, 128. 
 
 South Charleston, O.. 140. 
 
 South Church, Morristown, N. J., 
 149. 
 
 Sparta, 61, 100. 
 
 Spain. 79. 
 
 Springfield, N. J., 148. 
 Ohio, 140. 
 
 Steeleville, Pa., 164. 
 
 Stewart, Col. Charles, 37. 
 Fanny, 62. 
 Col. John, 107. 
 
 Stillwater, N. J., 5, 10, 20, 21, 26, 
 27, 28. 29, 30, 38, 39, 41, 42, 
 48, 60, 61, 63, 68, 71, 72, 73, 
 74. 77, 79, 83, 84, 86, 94, 100, 
 101, 104, 105, 106, ni, 126, 
 135, 136, 137, 143, 154. 158. 
 159, 163; grave yard at, 130; 
 geographical features of, 38; 
 domestic animals of, 78; 
 birds of, 84. 
 
 Stinson, Judge, 57. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo., 124. 
 
 Stockton, Richard, 11. 
 
 Stroudsburg, Pa., 61. 
 
 Stuart, Daniel, sketch of, 106. 
 
 Succasunna, N. J., 146. 
 
 Sunbury, Pa., 27. 
 
 Sussex Bank, 60. 
 
 Sussex County, 5, 13, 26, 27, 42, 
 53. 99, 104, 106, 110, 127; first 
 court in, 48; courts, 53; 
 Committee of Safety, 10. 
 
 "Sussex Co. Centenary," Edsall, 
 48. 
 
 Sussex Court House, 17, 107. 
 
 "Sussex and Warren Counties. 
 History of," 94. 
 
 Swartzwelder, Mrs., 76. 89. 
 
 Swayze, Miss, 59. 
 
 Talbot, Dean, 125. 
 
 Tavern keeping, 48. 
 
 Taylors Falls, Minn., 61. 
 
 Taylor, President of Vassar, 125. 
 
 "Tehoenetcong," 26. 
 
 Terry and Shaffer, Mercantile 
 Co., 123. 
 
 Thatcher, Rev. Mr., 51, 92. 
 
 Thomson, Mark, member of con- 
 gress, 37; military record 
 of, 37. 
 
 Trenton, N. J., 13, 29, 41, 62. 125. 
 155. 156, 162. 
 
 Turner, Miss, 101. 
 
 Union College, 63. 
 United States Ford, 116. 
 Upper Hardwick, 17. 
 United States Christian Commis- 
 sion, 149. 
 Utlca, N. Y., 163. 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 lb/ 
 
 Vail, Rebecca, 60. 
 Van Campen's, 75. 
 Van Deren, John, 107. 
 Van Est, Ann, 107. 
 Van Horn Farm, 53. 
 Virginia, 28. 
 Voorhees, Governor, 156. 
 
 Walterboro, S. C, 123, 160. 
 Warren Co.. 57, 149. 
 
 Militia, 169. 
 Warren, Pa., 62, 162. 
 Washington. 123. 
 
 D. C, 29, 47, 112. 
 
 General, 70, 127. 
 
 N. J., 61, 62, 127, 155, 161. 
 Water Gap, 49. 
 Wellesley College, 124. 
 West Jersey Proprietors, 29. 
 Whiskey Insurrection, 41. 
 White, Brigadier General Anthony 
 Walton. 41. 
 
 White Marsh, 26. 
 
 "Wicke's Medical History of N. 
 
 J.," 54. 
 Wilkesbarre, 105. 
 
 Wilson, , Master, 26. 
 
 Windemuth, George, 44. 
 
 John George, 42; Inscription 
 on grave stone, 131. 
 Wintermute, 34. 
 
 Family history of, 42. 
 
 J. P., 42. 
 
 "Old Uncle," 26, 29. 
 
 Peter, 41, 42. 
 Witherspoon, John, 11. 
 Woodhull, Rev. Dr., 100. 
 Wright, Euphamy, 109. 
 
 Euphemia, 56. 
 
 Yellow Frame, 146. 
 
 Cemetery, 41, 53, 126, 137, 150, 
 
 154, 163, 166. 
 Church, 128, 135; sketch of, 
 49. 
 
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